‘ornell University Libra Tai HALL OF RECORDS POWER PLANT REPORT AND DISCUSSION OF PHYSICAL TEST AND COSTS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Test Conducted for a full year, 1913, under the auspices of a Board of Engineers composed of representatives of THE CITY OF NEW YORK THE NEW YORK EDISON COMPANY and THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH CITY OF NEW YORK 1916 ‘PRINTING BINDINO CO: 1637-16-500 PREFATORY STATEMENT The following report is perhaps the most comprehensive fact state- ment ever assembled in reference to the operation of an isolated heating and lighting plant. It is published with full supporting data because of its great importance to the City of New York, which maintains scores of build- ings, many of them of a very considerable size, and operates a large number of heating plants and a considerable number of electric generators. The data contained in the report is of exceptional value because it is based upon a carefully supervised test of the actual cost of operating a heat- ing and lighting plant in a city building. This test is unique in that it was conducted under an impartial board of engineers, in a city building, and in accordance with an arrangement entered into by a civic body, a central light and power company, and governmental officials. The integrity of the results of the test was in every way safeguarded. The purpose of the investigation was to obtain a fact basis for a much mooted question as to the relative economy of purchasing electrical current for use in city buildings, and the generation of such current by an isolated power plant installed primarily for the purpose of generating heat. Facts to guide the city in determining its policy were not available. The Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, which has charge of lighting contracts, maintained at the beginning of the test that isolated plants could not be economically operated in a city building, and consistently advocated and insisted on the purchase of current from a public service corporation. A great deal of time has been consumed in the compilation and analysis of the results obtained in the test which itself was continued for an entire year. For the guidance of officials and the information of taxpayers, the report is now made public as a city document. To the New York Edison Company a large measure of credit must be given for its public-spirited willingness to finance the cost of the test. To the board of engineers and to the Bureau of Municipal Research great credit is due for their conscien- tious and disinterested supervision of the entire experiment. The engineers in charge of the building itself, under the supervision of the President of the Borough of Manhattan, are wholly responsible for the conduct of the plant during the test period and for taking the necessary steps to make pos- sible a scientifically accurate test. It is hoped that the data here contained will be utilized in determining the city’s policy in the future with respect to the installation and operation of isolated electrical generating plants. The problem arises sharply in those buildings where large steam installations are required for heating purposes. In such cases it was contended in 1910 by the then advisor of the President iv of the Borough of Manhattan and by the Bureau of Municipal Research, and denied by the engineering advisors at that time connected with the De- partment of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, that it would be economical to install or to operate where installed, generating apparatus for the purpose of generating electricity by the use of steam developed as an incident to the heating of the building. The conclusions of this report and the data which support them, indi- cate that the contention of the engineers of the President of the Borough of Manhattan and of the Bureau of Municipal Research was correct in respect of the buildings covered by the test, namely, the Hall of Records, the City Hall, the County Court House and the City Court Building, all served by the generating plant operated in the Hall of Records. HENRY BRUERE, Chamberlain, City of New York. May 1, 1916. TABLE OF CONTENTS Prefatory Statement by Mr. Henry Bruére, Chamberlain, City of New York. Part IJ—Intropuctory ANp HistToricAL MATERIAL Letter of Transmission.............. Seat ulcecayey deanna went hotel caiaerndeiobaciane Section 1— Statement by Director of Bureau of Municipal Research................ Section 2— Review of the facts leading to the Hall of Records test...............0.. Part I]—PreLiMINaRIESs TO THE TEST Section 3— Organization and work of the board of engineers prior to and during the: LéSt cida vow ccnaondls sada ee ae aueaes aera eels Section 4— Building group affected by the test and the services rendered by the Hall OP REGORGS: LAA Gece sores a secre eateosarev rae casein anevada oiehe Saori bareahaoe ea eet Section 5— The mechanical equipment in the Hall of Records and connected buildings Section 6— Working relations of the mechanical equipment and the method of meas- tiring: results: scissscsewreeas s23 vaeeewes bee < ote SE ae ees Part IlJ—Tue Test Section 7— Final arrangements for the test and report of test results................. Part IV—ARGUMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE BoARD OF ENGINEERS Section 8— Report on costs of operation by the test engineer..............200eee eee Section 9— Review of work of board of engineers and course of events subsequent CO: the CeSt cuisinnrcue'ssvardalansead yee wiuenne Ve ngaenmondes eG naaeenas Section 10— Discussion of the results of the test by the engineering counsel of the City and the Edison Company.......... ccc ccc cece eceeeeeeeneeeeeeee Section 11— Discussion of steam quantities by the engineering counsel of the City and the. TEdiSOT: Geo mri pasa ycsy a casesepesig vacdeigee sw perew cava g Sco ora ataagtd God ospanteatiaw Section 12— Discussion of conclusions of the counsel of the interested parties by B. M. R. counsel and statement of their opinions.................-65 PAGE ili 16 25 31 36 45 57 143 149 157 211 304 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS. Part V—APPENDICES Appendix “A’?— Material referred to in the review of the facts leading to the Hall of Records test, Section 2. (29 Exhibits—Nos. 1-29, incl.)..........-++- Appendix “B”— Material referred to in Section 3 as part of the work of the board of engineers, (1 Exhibit—No. 30).............. Pd aaa annosars ENA Appendix “C7” — Material referred to in Section 7 of the text as special forms used for recording observations and tests made by the test engineer. (5 Ex- hibits—Nos:. 31 to 35, incl.) + | A 5 3 eee oh he Aas oO ou ofS s aS & ne Ro & a - wo o Ss g, in foreground. Three 16 inches x 25 inches x 12 inc Worthington duplex for safe liftin al lncamaotive tyne air Compr 43 V.—Pumps. Reciprocating, twenty-four (24). No. Service Make Size Type 1 | Ammonia............... Foster.......] 7x2.5x10 Single 1 | Boiler Blow-off .......... Blake sce 4c 6x 4x 6 Duplex 1 | Foul Drip............... Blake........ 6x 4x 6 Duplex 1 | Clean Drip...... ....... Blake........ 6x 4x 6 Duplex 3 | Boiler Feed.............. Blake... ....] 7.5x5x 6 Duplex 3 | Elevator Pressure........ Worthington..| 16x25x12x15 | Duplex 1 | Elevator Safe Lift...... .| Worthington..| 9x 4x10 Duplex 1 | Fire (Underwriters)..... .| Worthington,.} 12x 7x10 Duplex 1 | House Water.. ....... .| Worthington..] 10x 6x10 Duplex 1 | House Water.. . .. ....| Worthington..| 6x 4x 6 Duplex 1 | House Water............ Motor Driven.| 4x 4 Triplex 2 | Sewage (Emergency)......| Worthington..} 12x12x10 Duplex f | Te@ Water. ccececsccinaes Blake........ 6x 4x 6 Duplex 4 | Heating Returns......... BIAKC acs ace sce 6x 4x 6 Duplex 2 | Vacuum Returns......... Marsh. .. .| 6x10x12 Single Pumps. Centrifugal. One (1). 1 Hot Water, circulating 20 gallons per minute. VI.—Air Compressors. Seven (7). No. Service Make Size Notes 2 | Elevator Pressure Tank.| Westinghouse.| 9.5x 6x10 | ....... 2 | Shone Ejectors........ Westinghouse. 6x10x13 : 2 | Johnson System....... Johnson.... .| 4.5x 3x 4] —....... 1 | Shone Ejector......... Allis-Chalmers] 6.5x 3 Motor Driven VII.—Tanks. Cylindrical (16). 1 1 — ee OL) DO Blow-down tank, 314 feet by 10 feet Cooling Coil, 120 feet of 3-inch brass pipe. Foul Drip Tank, 3 feet by 5 feet. Cooling Coil, 75 feet of 3-inch brass pipe. Clean Drip Tank, 3 feet by 5 feet. Cooling Coil, 75 feet of 3-inch brass pipe. Elevator Pressure Tanks. Elevator Pressure Tanks. Book Lifts (out of service). Vacuum Cleaner Dry Tank. Vacuum Cleaner Wet Tank. Vacuum Cleaner Muffler Tank. Air Separating Tank on vacuum heating system. Shone Ejector Air Tank. Johnson System Air Tank. Ice Water Cooling Tank. Ice Water Equalizing Tank. Ice Water Purifying Tank. 44 Tanks. Open, seven (7). 1 Hot Well, 8 ft. by 8 ft. by 6 ft. (Boiler feed suction tank). 1 Elevator Suction Tank. 1 Elevator Receiving Tank, Book Lifts (out of service). 1 House Suction Tank, 8 ft. by 10 ft. by 6 ft. 3 Main House Tanks (Attic), 21 it. by 7 ft. by 4 ft. VIII.—Refrigeration System. 1 Carbondale Absorption Water Cooling System, 10 tons capacity, operated on exhaust steam from units in west pump room. IX.—Vacuum Cleaning System. 1 Vacuum Cleaner Company’s System Complete, with wet, dry and muffle tanks; operated by a 35 H. P. motor. X.—Boiler Accessories. 1 Berryman Feed Water Heater. 1 Ward Feed Water Purifier. XI.—Separators, Oil and Steam. 1 Muffler Tank on Main Exhaust Line, 6 feet high, 4 feet diameter. 2 6-inch Horizontal Steam Separators on engine line. 1 5-inch Horizontal Steam Separator on engine line. 1 4-inch Horizontal Steam Separator on engine line. 1 4-inch Stratton Receiver Separator on engine line. 1 4-inch Horizontal Oil Separator on exhaust line to refrigerating ma- chine. XII.—Forced Draft System. 1 Balanced Draft System, The Engineer Company, with “ Sirocco” fan, operated by duplicate vertical engines. XTIT.—Sewage System. 2 Shone Ejectors, capacity 100 gallons per minute. XIV.—Storage Battery. One (1). 1 57 Cell, 1000 Ampere-hour Storage Battery Set, Electric Storage Battery Company. XV.—Filters. Two (2). 2 Loomis-Manning double filters with by-passes. XVI.—Water Heaters. Two (2). ‘2 Horizontal steam tube water heaters, with thermostats, 514 feet long by 3%4 feet diameter, capacity 300 gallons, containing 50 feet 114-inch brass coil. XVII.—Ventilating Fans. Ten (10). 4 8-ft. direct-connected motor driven supply fans operating from 90 to 130 R. P. M. 4 6-ft. direct-connected motor driven exhaust fans in attic. 1 7-ft. supply fan and 8-ft. exhaust fan mounted on same shaft and operated by direct connected motor. 1 5-ft. supply fan and 5%4-ft. exhaust fan mounted on same shaft and operated by direct connected motor. MC ASS MXR RAK CN MQ SS of Photo No SUPPLY AND RETURN PIPING TO ONE OF THE INDIRECT HEATING Steam supply automatically controlled by diaphragm valves operated by duct thermostats. STACKS Return pump controlled by 45 SECTION 6 WORKING RELATIONS OF THE MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND THE METHOD OF MEASURING RESULTS That a better understanding may be had of the scope of the test of the Hall of Records power plant and its services, the following description is presented of the working relations of the mechanical equipment affected by the test and the general method of measuring the results of its work. STEAM GENERATION AND USE In its essentials, the general process which is followed in the Hall of Records power plant and one which is characteristic of plants rendering similar service is graphically indicated on Plate 2 and the actual results determined under summer and winter conditions during the test are pictured on Plates 3 and 4. The process may be described as follows: ‘ Coal is burned in the furnaces under the boilers producing heat and ash. The heat thus generated changes water in the boilers to steam under pressure generally known as “live steam.” This steam is carried through pipes called “steam mains” to the equipment utilizing live steam directly. This equipment naturally falls into the following four general classes: 1. Heating equipment—which includes the pipe system used in warming either the air or the water used in the various buildings. 2. Engines—which drive other machinery. 3. Auxiliaries—which include those pieces of equipment neces- sary to serve the boilers and engines, or, in other words, that necessary to keep the boilers and engines in continuous operation, such as feed- water pumps, drip pumps, etc. 4. Other service equipment which is operated by steam, such as water supply pumps, fire pumps, elevator pumps, heating return pumps, fans, etc. The live steam used directly for heating is usually passed through a reducing valve which lowers the pressure to about two pounds per square inch, after which it is circulated in the heating system and gives up its heat in condensing into water against the cooler pipes. The steam used by the other three classes of equipment is made to perform work by expanding against the pistons of the engines or pumps, thus setting in motion the parts of that equipment. Not all of the energy in the steam can be utilized by this equipment and it comes away in the shape of steam at a reduced pressure known as “ exhaust steam.” Exhaust Steam After being passed through a muffle tank to reduce the sound of the engines, the exhaust steam is passed through a feed-water heater where 46 it gives up some of its heat in warming the boiler feed water and then is utilized for heating, either in the house-heating system, the hot-water system or the refrigeration system, or it is wasted by being allowed to escape into the atmosphere, in which latter case it is known as “ stack loss,” which is hereafter discussed. Stick Loss ' STEAM LOSSES ce The largest single element of loss is the “ stack loss.” In the winter time it sometimes occurs that the total amount of heat obtainable from all exhaust steam available is insufficient to care for the needs of the buildings, and live steam must be admitted into the heating mains to make up the deficiency (see Plate 3). In the summer time there is obviously no need of steam for heating purposes (see Plate 4) and the stack loss includes practically all exhaust steam. During warm winter days and the spring and fall months, when only a small amount of heating steam is required, it often happens that only a portion of the available exhaust steam is used, the remainder being lost through the stack; again this condition may occur during the middle of the day (during the warmer portion), while there may be a deficiency in the exhaust steam during the early morning hours, when it may be necessary to introduce live steam into the heating system. Some winters are very much colder than others, so that less stack loss occurs and more live steam is required to supply heat during one year than another. It is thus evident that this element of loss differs widely from day to day and season to season. Other Losses If all of the steam made by the boilers were to be carried without loss to the places where it is ultimately used, the sum of the steam received by the heating systems, plus the stack loss, would represent all the steam produced by the boilers and the problem of measuring the results secured in the plant would be simplified. This is, however, not the case, as the engines and steam mains, in spite of insulating coverings, are constantly producing some condensation which must be removed from the system. Clean Drip That portion of the condensation, or drip as it is commonly called, which collects in the piping between the boilers and the engines or pumps is practically pure water and is generally termed “clean drip” and can be led directly back into the boilers without further purification. This was at first the case in this test, but later it was carried to the suction tank from which the feed water was taken. Foul Drip Since oil must be used to lubricate the engines and pump cylinders, it is likely to be carried over into the exhaust steam and thus contaminate the drip beyond such equipment. This condensate is usually called “ foul drip.” Because of its nature, it is necessary to employ special devices such 47 as baffle tanks or oil separators to eliminate the oil before the water is used for feeding the boilers, or else it is necessary to waste the contaminated drip by pumping it into the sewer, as was done in the Hall of Records plant. The danger of injury to the boilers (with the resultant possibility of explosions), due to the presence of even small quantities of oil in the feed water, is the reason for such precautions. Blow-Off and Leakage Two other sources of loss to the system remain in the “ blow-off” loss and the leakage from the system. The water supplied to the boilers may and generally does contain matter in solution or suspension which will be deposited inside the boilers unless otherwise removed. To catch such accumulation within the boiler, together with whatever rust may collect, every boiler is provided with a drum near its bottom, usually designated as a “mud drum.” The most favored method of eliminating this material is by means of “blowing off” while the boiler is under pressure, through a vent located at the bottom of the mud drum and thus removing the solid matter contained in the drum. In all properly operated plants this blowing off is done periodically, thus causing a loss of water from the system and the need for supplying additional water. Leaks exist even in the best power plants in the steam and exhaust piping, and through these leaks considerable quantities of water escape which must be replaced. To find out just where all of the steam generated in the boilers goes, it is necessary to measure all of the losses mentioned in some way, as well as to measure the amount of steam used by each class of equipment or service. The problem of measurement is therefore made much more com- plicated than it would be if no steam were lost in transit. FEED-WATER SUPPLY Make-Up Water To replace the water actually lost from the system or not fit to return to the boilers as represented by 1. Stack loss, 2. Foul drip, 3. Blow-off, 4. Leakage, it is necessary to add water generally known as “make-up water” from an outside source. In the winter cooling water from the vacuum pumps is sufficient, but at other periods water from the City water mains is used. The make-up water in this plant is filtered to purify it before it is added to the condensation from the heating system. Heating Returns Since the steam is constantly condensing throughout the heating system, the water from the system must be collected and brought back either by gravity or with the aid of pumps through pipes to a point from which it 48 can be taken for feed-water uses. In the case of the Hall of Records, this point of collection is a large suction tank. This return water from con- densed steam is used to supply boilers, both in order that as much of the heat contained in it may be conserved as possible, and because of the greater purity of such water as compared with an outside supply. Its temperature is raised on its way to the boilers from the feed-water pumps by being passed into a feed-water heater where it takes up heat from the exhaust steam going through the heater on its way to the house-heating system or atmosphere. DETERMINATION OF RESULTS The duty of an engineer in making a test of a power plant with the object of answering an economic question such as that which lead to this test, is to measure or otherwise ascertain the various quantities of input and output for the various uses or classes of service. Then by placing ‘against these quantities the unit prices actually paid for the various elements used to produce the service it is possible to determine costs. The test engineer and his staff kept during this test an accurate “log” or record:sof the performance of the main units in the plant, noting any abnormal conditions of operation. All test apparatus was carefully watched and checked up from time to time, as will be noted hereafter. The data on the log were summarized, and from computations based upon the records, the final results of the test were derived. The observations and records made during the test included the weight of coal and ashes; the time of cleaning boilers and the number of boilers in service each hour; the measurement of the water used and the steam generated; and such other observations of less importance but directly related to the above, as the temperature of the feed water, the steam pressure, the travel of elevators in miles, the trips of ash elevator, the dis- charges of the sewage ejectors, the amount of water handled by the house pumps, the amount of ice water circulated, the amount of water required for make-up water for the elevator system or ice-water system, the per- centage of carbon bioxide in the flue gases from the furnaces, and the level of the water in the suction tank; some of which will be further dis- centage of carbon dioxide in the flue gases from the furnaces, and the test engineer (Section 7). Elements of Input and Output From the description of the working relations of the equipment of the plant it may be seen that two of the main elements of input of the plant are: 1. Coal and 2. Water. The other elements may be classified as: 1. Labor and supervision. 2. Supplies, such as oil, waste, etc. 3. Repairs. 49 In order that input may be properly distributed and charged against the various services rendered, it is necessary in some way actually to measure the input in the form of steam and the supply of energy to each service. ; These determinations naturally occur in three steps and are graphically shown in Plates 3 and 4 for both summer and winter conditions, and diagramatically on Plate 2. The steps are as follows: 1. A determination of the quantity of steam actually made and the elements of input to supply this steam which constitutes a primary source of all service. 2. A determination of the distribution of the steam to the various classes of equipment and thus the proportional cost of the input to the secondary sources of service including: (a) Electricity (that portion used by the engines or charge- able to them). (b) House heating (that portion provided by live steam). (c) The movement of fluids (that portion used in pumping). 3. A further distribution of the quantities of steam after its use by the secondary equipment or the product of this equipment to the final points of use or loss including: (a) House heating (that portion from exhaust steam). (b) Electricity (the current used to operate motors, provide ventilation, operate bells, etc.). (c) Elevator service (rendered by the water under pressure from pumps). (d) Sanitary services (such as hot water supply and sewage pumping). (e) Refrigeration. (£) Vacuum cleaning. (g) Losses (stack loss, forl drip, leakage, etc.). Measurement of Input and Output Of the above elements of input, labor, supplies and repairs can be ascertained directly from payrolls and other vouchers. The elements of coal and water must, however, be mechanically measured and are closely related to each other. The main difficulty which must be overcome in any test of this kind comes in properly measuring the proportion of each element which is chargeable against each use or class of service and which involves the measurement of the quantities of each element that enters directly into each service. Coal In determining the cost of operation of a power plant, the value of coal consumed is of major’importance. To insure accuracy of measure- ment and to give strict accounting for all coal delivered to the building, 50 special precautions were taken in this test (see Test Engineer’s report). The various doors and manhole covers were kept securely locked and were opened only in the presence of the observers during the actual delivery or withdrawal of coal. Drawing of coal only as needed and immediate weighing prevented any discrepancy between the amount weighed and that burned. Feed Water The total amount of steam generated by the consumption of coal is of next importance. Following the usual custom, in this test the water fed to the boilers was metered and the amount corrected later for blow-off losses to obtain the amount actually turned into steam. This measurement was accomplished by a Venturi meter which was checked up at regular intervals during the test. z Steam The measurement of steam used is necessary, not only in accounting for the total raised, but in determining the cost of the several services. In order to fix the total amount of steam supplied and to determine the amount delivered to each service, a large meter was placed on the main steam supply from the boilers and other meters on branches serving various units of the system (see Test Engineer’s report for details). The records of these meters in connection with the measurement of the water drained from the steam lines gave a check upon the total steam actually delivered by the boilers. Steam in the Hall of Records plant rendered useful service in two general ways (see Plates Nos. 2, 3 and 4)— 1. By condensing the high pressure steam directly as in water heaters. 2. By reducing the pressure with little or no condensation as in the case of power apparatus. In the first case, if the high pressure steam had constituted the whole source of heat supply, the total live steam actually supplied for heating could have been determined by simply measuring the water of condensa- tion from the heating system which, when added to the quantity of con- densation collected in the steam mains from the boilers to the heating system, would have given the total supply of live steam for this purpose. On account of the constant use of power apparatus, which made low pres- sure exhaust steam available for heating purposes, such a direct determina- tion was not possible. However, a determination was secured by a com- bination of several steam and water measurements (see Test Engineer’s report for details). In the second case, a small part of the steam was condensed and the remainder left the apparatus in the form of low pressure steam. This ex- hausted steam, after being somewhat further reduced due to radiation of heat from the pipe lines, was passed through a muffler or separating tank and then through the feed-water heater. Here a part was condensed in (FEE O-WaATER ~~ = | TOTAL STEAM RAISED BY BOILERS | i oe 4 | BLOW OFF | Lose | | LIVE STEANI USES ANDO LOSSES | | / f \ | CLEAN OTHER SERVICES 1} (eee ENG/NES AUXILIARIES PUMPS | ELEVATORS ‘ ETC. fe 242A ’ CONNECTION | { 1 Y ) | A wh Y osare— [esc ese ee le ff IK 38 g Ss I ble EXHAUST STEAN lg 14 y | | | \ ee we ee eh eae FEEO WAT\ER HEATER a AME LE. 1 4 | Y | | WOUSE | WATER HEATER eee HEATING ere Loss A l CONDENSEO ey STEAN OLAGRAN SHOW/ING THE STEAM FLOW, USES AND LOSSES iN HALL OF RECORDS POWER PLANT PLATE No. 2. 52 heating the feed water and the remaining steam was either lost to the atmosphere by way of the roof stack, or delivered to the heating system as low pressure steam. In the latter, it finally condensed and was returned as water to the boilers. A small amount was also used for water heating and in the generator of the refrigeration machine. All of the steam, except that lost to the atmosphere, was subjected to measurement in the form of water. An attempt was made to meter this loss directly by placing a steam meter in the atmosphere exhaust line. Although the meter was designed for this especial purpose, its operation was most unsatisfactory and was soon dis- continued. This made it necessary to determine this loss indirectly as the difference between other measured quantities. It may be noted that by use of a series of hot-water meters, the steam used by certain services was determined directly by meter readings. In fact, the only steam measurements which can be questioned are the exhaust steam lost to the atmosphere and through pipe leaks. In these cases no satisfactory measurement was possible. Thus it can be seen that the important element of steam use and dis- tribution is possible of determination but requires more complicated ar- rangements than for the feed-water measurement. The difference between the feed-water quantity and the steam produced should be zero, while the difference between steam produced and water returned to the boilers repre- sents stack loss, water rejected from the system and pumped to the sewer, leakage, etc. Electrical Output The total or unit cost of producing electricity in the plant was one of the principal objects of the test. To obtain information regarding the amount, distribution, waste, etc., of this output, in addition to the regular instruments on the switchboard sufficient meters were installed to obtain all necessary information as described in detail in the Test Engineer’s report (Section 7). és Checks on Accuracy and Distribution of Error All meters and other measuring devices were connected according to standard methods which have been developed for such work. All the meters were carefully tested at intervals and the amounts registered by them are certainly within a few per cent. of being correct. Every measuring device is rather delicate in its mechanism and corre- spondingly subject to derangement of operation from minor causes and in need of constant comparison with standards and rating of its normal operation, especially in those meters which are employed at strategic points in a system. Constant calibration is essential if any considerable degree of accuracy is to be maintained. Electric meters are subject to derange- ment through induction. Steam meters act differently under uniform flow and under fluctuating flow. Water meters may become clogged because of the presence of a bit of rust. Constant attention must, therefore, be given to the accuracy of operation of all meters, and it was customary during 000,000 POUNDS OF STEANIT 00% RERCENT OF TOTAL. EAN RPAIISE STEANT aoe WATER 2? a SE=I-HIGH PRESSURE STEAN GE FLOW PRESSURE OR EXHAUST STEANI 100 oooh wert Vas : On 282737 200 ee" 73 . 23-73 Yo | HEATING SYSTEMS OF City COURT COUNTY COURT AND city HALL HALL OF RECORDS TEST I9 Is aN 193, 270 te 8.93% Tpttace ve up WATER | 36,850 _ ZO. = SEWAGE ff Eveevone| GENERATOR OPEN BACK pressura) vauve | Ice MACHINE bez} 464,232 Biow-orF TANK 215% Soot BLoweR LEGEND WLLLLLLLLLLL LLL. HoT WATER <2\ 239,100 NAe | 11.03% Ci WASTED TO SEWER W/OTH OF FLOW LINES INDICATE PROPORTION OF STEANI AND WATER 70 TOTAL STEAN OIAGRAN SHOW/N FLOW OF STE, FEED WATER SU. ANDO CONOQENSEO STEAN UNDER W/NTER CONO NINTH WEEK OF 7 FEB./O0 TO FEB / | ee M.B.BROWN PRI HALL OF RECORDS TEST Se a eeett: 2 . ys poet 2 neve 4 : sae k . wetey tert y Rete ee RMS ett Nn ore sel cage egy 513,200 / |= ek tz 23-73 Yo : ' Exnaust Head Yi ‘oO ATMOSPHERE = LJ 105,159 \ |} +-9% It Pressure Ae HEATING SYSTEMS OF City COURT COUNTY COURT AND ciTyY HALL I9IS s ree, °\ 193,270 + we Se Se ets wy, <)\ 239,100 EtgvaTor rE | rt ’ Pumes SS CECT = SS tales GENERATOR Ice MACHINE 7 Se 5 a ZZ 4642 Soot BLowER LEGEND -ESSURE STEAN GEE KLOW PRESSURE OR EXHAUST STEAM 21.5% WATER ‘HH OF FLOW LINES INDICATE PROPORTION OF STEANI AND WATER 70 TOTAL STEAN “h\ 717,200 33.15 Vo one t 2 2 = mn a cH OIAGRAN SHOWING FLOW OF STEAN7 FEED WATER SUPPLY ANDO CONDENSEO STEAN USE UNDER WINTER CONDO/TIONS NINTH WEEK OF TEST FEB./O TO FEB/6 T=. °°" wesreoTtoseweER GEE we7cr PLATE No.3 M.B. BROWN PRINTING & BINDING CO,.N.Y. HALL OF RECORDS TEST ISIS 1,317,450 F a rsa Bac < > 100% zi =\ 598,900 s 160,710 A ae ve \: +5.48 .22O \e 19 Fs To c tA\ 0° % Pe eee ee) aY\e 790, aoe o 0 60. oO: eyes Pl HEAD To SITIMOSPHERE : ty e eack\ _Voressune VALVE HALL OF RECORDS DIAGRAM SHOY FLOW OF $1 FEEO WATER ANNO CONDENSED ST! HEATING SYSTEM HEATING SYSTEMS OF city COURT COUNTY COURT ANO CITY HALL Return Pumes De | pl boc IGE MACHINE GENERATOR Y UNDER SUNINIEF C¢ 274 WEEK OF 000,000 POUNDS OF STEANI 00% ZERCENT OF TOTAL STEANI FPA/ISED STEAM METER O WATER 9 wa JUNE /6 TO JU Pick | LE ee CE Ua ge aes =! BLOW OFF TANK i Z “22.849, Sod7 Brower iA LEGEND SJ=H/GH PRESSURE STEAM [=== ===]=LOW PRESSURE OR EXHAUST STEANI OLLZLLLLLLL ee WASTED TO SEWER ne ve WIDTH OF FLOW LINES INDICATE PROPORTION OF STEANI AND WATEFR 70 TOTAL STEAN M.B.BRO\ HALL OF RECORDS TEST 1913 \ 160,710 ') 12.19 % O. o3 lo [I 10S MWEAO TO Tin] 7 7resenene C_] \ oS I PRESSURE VALVE HALL OF RECORDS OlIAGRANT SHOWING FLOW OF STEAM FEED WATER SUPPLY ANDO CONDENSED STEAN USE ' | HEATING SYSTEM HEATING SYSTEMS OF CITY COURT COUNTY COURT ANO city HALL Return Pumes ae []]Vacuum It GENERATOR IGE MACHINE UNDER SUMNIER CONDITIONS 274% WEEK OF OF TEST [ Pumes JUNE /6 TO JUNE 22 bre Ae ee ———"‘ventur CZLZZED ad |S 300,842 ——! BLOW OFF TA on 22.849, mMerTerR LEGEND URE STEAM [=======]=LOW PRESSURE OR EXHAUST STEANI LLIN yp ge WASTED TO SEWER Rn — ws7er IF FLOW LINES INDICATE PROPORTION OF STEAN AND WATER 70 TOTAL STEAWN PLATE Wo. 4 M.B.BROWN PRINTING & BINDING CO.N.Y. }NO pjoj Mt ‘\ ae on ae ATAN, DAS. PAT PWN * AV BMWA, 606,005 OARD FAR, Aor PH OARS Se * Fe Thee SE coe ee . e adbee vat Ne a4 Far he See AR + nee 1 Ry aX SRVEZIKG a, : Rog reaQa : rae A i eg i i OR. ey. uh a) 4 = ————— eA om ee ‘ ge & of 4 er ee ae tt e 8 one a Le . = a 2 : ee ee ie “ eearinos if e = mt w aU re & nas 3% AEN AVL * ao ae AMAA CHO AAO WOT OV WIT SA THUG VTS yy Tis *! 1 eS NA MAREE ER Ee Rt RAM Mle Be ME eet 53 this test to calibrate them periodically, applying corrections in accordance with the observed changes at the times of calibration. A common method of application of the corrections thus determined is to apply it to half of the period in each division before and after a given calibration. Such was the policy adopted in connection with the Hall of Records test. No mechanism is perfect, and even the most accurate observers are subject to error; testing apparatus becomes deranged and registers im- properly; errors are made in reading the meters and other measuring de- vices, even when they indicate accurately. For these and other reasons the arrangements for taking observations included a careful location of measuring apparatus so that one or more checks were obtainable with regard to each important quantity to be measured. For example, a steam meter was installed at a point past which all steam from all boilers had to flow. Other meters were installed on each of the branches from this main steam-header, and water meters were installed on the traps from which the condensation from the main had to pass. Theoretically then, the total readings of all of the meters upon the branch lines and traps should equal that at the main meter on the steam-header. Whenever a difference occurred between the total of the secondary meters and that on the main meter, examination was made of the probable cause of the difference and an assignment made either additively or subtractively of such difference in the computation of the total quantities. A common method of distributing such a difference or error is pro- portionally among the several secondary meters, first having determined whether greater credence is to be placed upon the reading of the main meter or upon the sum of the secondary ones. It often occurs that after such a distribution has taken place, it is discovered that one or more of the secondary meters has, for some special reason, been operating differ- ently from what was indicated even by the most careful calibration. Doubt sometimes arises as to the accuracy of individual meters or a group of meters, and during the Hall of Records test, on several occasions, special calibrations were made because of difficulty experienced in distributing differences in readings occurring as above described. Even after the most careful location of meters according to theoretical considerations, it is sometimes discovered that the plant is not operating as was to be expected; that steam theoretically measured at one point is being used for a different service, or that meters calibrated to operate under uniform flow are actually operating under fluctuating load, so that the usual calibration correction is not applicable. Under such circumstances the problem of balancing observations is most intricate, and it is necessary to analyze conditions with extreme care and balance corrections made subtractively from one end of the system against those made additively from the other end, to check the accuracy of the theory of correction and the numerical results obtained. The result is therefore necessarily subject to errors of judgment or opinion, as abso- lute accuracy of distribution of errors is impossible, but the fundamental conclusions are generally not affected by such errors. Part III THE TEST 57 SECTION 7 FINAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR TEST AND REPORT OF THE TEST RESULTS This section of the report includes the following divisions, all of which refer to the final arrangements under which the test was commenced, the modification of these arrangements made during the test and the results of the observations made by the test engineer’s staff. A—Report on final arrangement of apparatus for the test in the Hall of Records and on the method of procedure to be followed in working up the results. B—Accounting system. *C—Report upon the method of distributing errors of observation, method of distributing coal costs and of determining labor charges against the power plant, Hall of Records. D—Report on test, concerned directly with the presentation of observed data and of derived and computed quantities. 4 E—Data on cost of operation of Hall of Records plant for years 1910- 1915, inclusive, by E. P. Goodrich. *N. B.—This is a report prepared by the test engineer describing the proposed method of distributing costs. While part I on the distribution of errors was agreed to by the board of engineers parts II and III dealing with cost distributions were not agreed to by the board. Therefore these portions of the report represent a plan which was proposed but not used. 58 A—REPORT ON THE FINAL ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR THE TEST IN THE HALL OF RECORDS AND ON THE METHOD OF PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN WORKING UP THE RESULTS By H. Drepericus, Test Engineer December 3, 1912. A report was presented at this time for the purpose of obtaining the final criticisms and suggestions upon the arrangements for the test in the Hall of Records, with a view to making whatever changes might appear necessary before the official start of the test. It appeared probable then that the test could be started about December 15th. When this was definitely decided, it was proposed that the Board make an actual inspection of the plant just before the starting word was given. This report was divided into the following main parts: I—Readings on Steam, Water, Coal, and Ash, together with Obser- vations on Temperatures, Pressures, etc. IIl—Electrical Readings. III—Scheme of Test. IV—Method of Collecting Data and of Working Up Results. As practically all of this preliminary report was repeated in the final report of the test engineer, which is to be found in Division D of this section, only the following extracts of the preliminary report are given here. Method of Collecting Data and Working Up Results The work of taking the observations is directly in charge of three men under the supervision of the writer. These men, Messrs. A. J. Doyle, G. S. Coffin and J. G. Stockley, are technically trained and will take regular shifts to cover the 24 hours of the day. Their duty consists not only in taking the observations, but also, in general, in watching the operation of the plant in all its details. They have been working in the plant now for two or three weeks, becoming familiar with the operation and care of the apparatus, and will be put on shift duty about December 8th. It was deemed unsatisfactory to place one of the three men in charge of the other two, and to make him responsible for the proper delivery of the records. The main objection to this arrangement is that the man in charge would, if on the midnight to 8 A. M. shift, also have to report some time in the morning or afternoon to see that the day’s records are properly collected and transferred to the office of the Borough engineer. For that reason, Mr. Daly, of the Borough engineer’s office, has been detailed to act as a sort of “ foreman” to the three observers. His duties will be to see that the observers report properly, and to collect all records once a day at a stated time and to deliver them to the office of the Borough engineer. Mr. Daly thus becomes responsible for the proper delivery of all data. He is not a technically trained man, but his experience as a practical power 59 plant engineer will no doubt aid to keep the test and the plant properly working in the absence of the writer. If any serious trouble should arise at any time, it has been arranged, as authorized by the Board some time ago, to have Prof. R. J. S. Pigott, of Columbia University, representing Prof. C. E. Lucke, look into the matter at once, and thus to act as a substitute for the writer in technical matters. The possible necessity for an immediate decision in some cases makes such an arrangement necessary. It is understood, of course, that no radical changes in any of the arrangements approved by the Board can be made without notification, as per agreement of June 3d. But the arrange- ment of having someone like Prof. Pigott on the ground and subject to immediate call is a good one, in that it limits the calls upon the writer’s time to only the most important questions and will undoubtedly operate to save expense. It is important for the purpose of continuous control and record to have the data worked up from day to day. To this end it is suggested to detail on this work Mr. Johnson, of the Borough engineer’s office. Mr. Johnson is a technically trained man with an experience extending over some years. His work will be to integrate the autographic diagrams, to compute the quantities from these diagrams, and to sum up or average the other observa- tions. From these figures he will compute the most important test results for the 24 hours past, and establish a brief report which is to be submitted to the writer by mail every day. This enables the writer to keep closely in touch with the test, and further, will greatly facilitate the setting up of the monthly report, which, under the agreement of June 3d, is to be sent to every member of the Board by the Borough engineer. It is the intention of the writer to report in New York at least two days at the end of every month for the double purpose of making an inspection of the plant and of making up the monthly report mentioned above, which will then be trans- mitted to the Borough engineer for transmission to the members of the Board. Other visits of the writer will then be limited to “ trouble calls.” Under this procedure, all the test records will be in safe keeping in the office of the Borough engineer, and these, together with any computations made on them, will be open to the inspection of any member of the Board at any time. The supply records of coal, oil, waste, etc., are in charge of Mr. L. W. Bates, mechanical engineer in the Borough engineer’s office. The coal weights will receive a triple check, first by yard weights, second by survey in the bunker, and third by scale weighing in the boiler room. It is one of the main purposes of this report to point out the “ ma- chinery ” by means of which the data will be obtained, collected, transmitted and worked up, and it is therefore respectfully requested that any criticisms of these arrangements be made promptly in order to have sufficient time to institute changes. 60 B—ACCOUNTING SYSTEM In the early board meetings it was decided that it would be better to have the advice of accountants before the test began than to wait until the end, as was originally contemplated in the agreement. As a result of this decision a committee of accountants was selected composed of the follow- ing members: Mr. Cook, representing the Edison Company. Mr. Spyksma, representing the Borough of Manhattan. Mr. Colley, representing Haskins and Sells. Mr. O’Daniel, representing the Bureau of Municipal Research. This committee prepared a draft of an accounting system and procedure to be followed during the test which was finally presented to the Board in December, 1912. The proposed accounting system was later considerably simplified but the essential elements were retained. The system as proposed by the com- mittee was outlined as follows: Eleven (11) capital accounts were created to cover the mechanical equipment in the Hall of Records and connected buildings, the headings being : Boilers. Boiler Auxiliary Apparatus. Electric Generating Equipment. Elevator Equipment. Water Supply Equipment. Ice Water Supply Equipment. Heating Equipment—Hall of Records. Heating Equipment—City Hall, County Court and City Court. Drainage Equipment. 10. Vacuum Cleaning Apparatus. 11. Miscellaneous Tools. CRONAMWP ONE Under these accounts or classes all of the various parts of the equip- ment were grouped. Expenditures A classification of expenditures was outlined under the following main headings: O peration— Salaries and wages. Supplies and materials. Special services. Maintenance— Repairs. Replacements. 61 Under each of the above headings a distribution of the expenditures* was made to the before-mentioned accounts, and where necessary the ex- penditures were further subdivided as indicated below. SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS Boilers. Fuel. Water. Lubricants. Waste. Boiler compound. Other. Reports and Recapitulations Forms were devised on which the cost of labor and materials were recorded, some of which were the regular forms used in the Bureau of Public Buildings and Offices and others special forms devised to meet the requirements of the test. A special form was devised for reporting supplies consumed, but was not used, as it was found that the regular requisition and order forms already in use in the Hall of Records were satisfactory and simplified the procedure. Each employee during the period of the test made a daily time report (see Form D, Appendix C), stating in detail the work he had performed during the shift he was on duty. The daily time reports, all reports of materials and supplies received and used, and all reports on repairs were entered upon a recapitulation sheet (see Form E, Appendix C), under the direction of one of the test supervisors, Mr. Bates. Monthly summaries were sent to the test engineer, and they, in connec- tion with the daily sheets, were the basis for the cost data prepared by the test engineer contained in section 9 of this report. Inventory All surplus supplies on hand in the storeroom at the Hall of Records were removed before the beginning of the test and an inventory taken of the supplies left in charge of the plant engineer. A record was kept of all supplies purchased or delivered during the year, and an inventory was taken at the completion of the test so that the quantity as reported on the daily reports might be checked with the quantity delivered. Special Considerations A number of special considerations were covered by the accountants’ report, but as most of these were later taken up by the board of engineers and by the subcommittees, etc., no discussion of them will be given here. Among others, they included comment on distribution of superintendence, 62 cost of departmental supervision, interest, depreciation, fixed charges, cost of water, cost of ash removal, and loss of taxes. Appraisal An attempt was made to secure from the records the actual cost of the equipment in the plant, but the attempt was abandoned, as the figures could not be secured with any degree of accuracy. This was largely due to the fact that the contract for the plant equipment was included in a general contract for construction of the building. In this work it was intended that the steam line from the main steam line, or from a branch connection to any group of apparatus, would be considered as a part of the equipment of the respective groups and the exhaust lines were to be handled in the same way. The main steam lines not included in the boiler equipment and the main exhaust lines were to be divided on an agreed percentage basis or included in one of the accounts as might be determined by the engineers. 63 C—REPORT UPON THE METHOD OF DISTRIBUTING ERRORS OF OBSERVATIONS, METHOD OF DISTRIBUTING COAL COSTS, AND OF DETERMINING LABOR CHARGES AGAINST THE POWER PLANT, HALL OF RECORDS TEST By H. Diepericus, Test Engineer * March 8, 1913. After a thorough discussion of a preliminary report submitted by the chairman, at a meeting on March 8th, the Board adopted the following methods. The chairman has taken the liberty to make one change in the methods adopted by the Board, and that is with reference to the wages of the laborer in the plant. The City engineers claim that the laborer would still be employed at his regular wages in case the operation of the power plant were discontinued. Hence his wages, or any part of them, are not chargeable against the power plant. This change is in accordance with the methods adopted by the Board in connection with the wages of the other employees. I. Methods of Distributing Errors of Observation The Venturi meter supplying the boilers will be considered the standard, both because it is reliable and because it can be calibrated at any time and to any extent with the present facilities in the plant. The only observations calling for a distribution of errors are the read- ings of the individual steam meters. The sum of the readings of all the steam meters plus the clean drips must equal the reading of the Venturi meter less the blow-off loss. Since fifteen steam meters and one water meter are concerned in this summation, exact agreement can hardly be expected. The observations on each meter will therefore be re-computed to the basis of the Venturi reading to eliminate the discrepancy. The final result sheet will, however, in all cases show the magnitude of the error. II. Chart Showing Inter-relation of the most Important Steam Quantities In order to make clear at a glance the relation between the important steam quantities, a flow-chart (see plate 5) has been constructed. The total steam raised in the plant is considered equal to 100 per cent., and all other quantities are referred to this as a basis. The only explanation required is with reference to the steam used by the auxiliaries. The latter include the foul drip pump, the blow-down pump, the clean drip pump and the feed pump, the fan engine, etc. It was of course not possible to divide the water handled by the first three between the various live steam services. The best assumption for a fair distribution will be to divide the total live steam used by these auxiliaries between power generation and all the other services in the ratio of * See note at beginning of Section 7. Live steam to engines - — and Sum of steam to engines and other services Live steam to other services - ——— respectively. Sum of steam to engines and other services This has been done in the flow-chart. III. Method of Distributing the Operating Costs A. Coal. Compute coal cost per pound of steam raised. Distribute the coal cost to each service directly in proportion to the live steam taken by that service. To account for the clean drips, distribute these also in proportion to the live steam used by each service, and con- sider them as so much additional live steam to each service. The distribution of the cost of coal to each account is shown by the following list, giving also the sub-division under each where it can be made. The distribution is made mainly between the cost chargeable to power gen- eration and that chargeable collectively to “ other services.” To Account Te Boiletsio245 2 nceaeoadas No direct charge. (a) Chargeable to power To Account II. Boiler Auxiliaries....... generation. (b) Chargeable to other services. ToAccount III. Engines............... All chargeable to power generation. ToAccount IV. Elevators.............. Chargeable to other services. To Account V. Water Supply.......... House pump and house heat- To Account VI. Ice Water Supply...... To Account VII. Heating Hall of Records. ToAccount VIII. Heating Outside Bldgs. . ToAccount IX. Drainage Equipment.... To Account X. Vacuum Cleaning...... ToAccount XI. Tools................. er. Chargeable to other services. Circ. pump and ice machine. Chargeable to other serv- ices. Includes proportional part of steam used by the stack pumps, proportional part of the live steam to the heating system, and the steam used by the Paul Board. Chargeable to other services. Includes proportional part of steam used by the stack pumps, proportional part of the live steam to the heating system, and the steam used by the vacuum pumps. Chargeable to other services. Shone ejectors. Chargeable to other services. No direct charge. No direct charge. Period Tolal Live Stearr raised Lhe. a ] Fou. Qrip Net Ex. Shear trorr7} Engines tein aie Lb5i ee Total Net Exh Frorrs Power Plant woee eee 2 LS issimesiiende { ~....,. 44s.» /00 % ) y y Live Slearn Tot Auxil. Cleon Orips "| 70 Healy Syst 1 | Stearn Y Tbe weceeeclll ieee hoo : ~----7 ee ~----% Hous aap ee eee Slearm fe Engines flux. Glearn Bhai Settee Chargeable Ube F.O. \ Y Foul Drip Net Ex.Staen feorn other Services os woeca Lbs: Tolal NetExh St from olher Services Ex. Feom Power Plant roof frook Ex. frorr olher Services used ia Heater oe roe usedin Healing ee eee eae woe Lbs eieiey sic ere eerelene Lés. a= = oe oe °o woe ae/lo asnu%s wece wenn % v f Tolol Froo Slack Loss wasiesicsienaLAe wars aise aa Ge we cnesee bbs, Secnea 8 Power Plank wecacest bs! eaeese en S ‘ ' Live Slearn \Exhoust fuom , Exhaust freorr 1°fher Services ale eee ohibal Total Healing Sfeant used = ame ssc ncomLbe ceqeeenh PLATE No. 5. Steam Flow Chart for Showing Relation Between Important Steam Quantities. - 66 The coal cost chargeable to power generation, without any allowance or credit for steam turned into and used in the heating system, will be the sum of Items II-a and III in the above list. To find credit due power generation for steam turned into heating system and actually used, or the net coal cost for power generation, proceed as follows: Let W,, = pounds of live steam used in power generation. W, = pounds of exhaust steam turned by power service into the heating system, and actually used. A = Items (I]-a and III in the coal cost distribution sheet above). == The cost in dollars of W, pounds of live steam. W,, is the sum of the live steam furnished to the engines and the proportional part of the auxiliary live steam chargeable to power genera- tion (see flow-chart, plate 5). W, is to be found as follows: From the steam actually condensed in the heating system, subtract (1) the live steam supplied to the system, and (2) the net exhaust steam available from the other services. By net exhaust steam is here meant the total exhaust steam furnished by the ser- vices corrected by a proportional part of the foul drip. Then if, after these two subtractions from the heating steam required, there is a remainder, credit this remainder to exhaust steam from the power plant. This divides the power plant steam into two parts, (a) that used in the heating system, which is W,, and (b) the roof stack loss (see the flow-chart). Either of these parts may equal zero, depending upon the heating requirements. This method of determining the sources of the heating steam is based upon the direct assumption that, should the power plant operation be dis- continued, the other services will furnish as much exhaust steam as they do now, and that this should therefore be credited in its entirety to the heating account. The thermal value of the exhaust steam is, pound for pound, not quite as high as that of the live steam furnished the engines, and a correction factor should therefore be applied to W. But in view of the fact that in the absence of this supply of W, pounds of exhaust, additional live steam would be called for from the boilers direct, it was agreed to assume that the thermal variations balanced each other and that the credit for exhaust steam furnished by the power plant be made on a straight weight basis. The steam chargeable to the power plant will then be: W, —- W.= W,(1 — ) pounds D dollars, the net coal cost and since one pound of the steam costs D chargeable against power generation will be: Ww. A(i— ) dollars D 67 B—Labor Charges Against the Power Plant. These are determined by finding the differences in the labor costs under present operation and the labor costs should the power plant be shut down. (a) Chief Engineer. Operation without the power plant would not call for so high a grade of man. The regular wages at present are $6.00 per day. It is assumed that the wages would be $5.00 under the other conditions. Hence $1.00 per day of the Chief Engineer’s salary is chargeable to the power plant. Note—From December 16 to January 5, the $6.00 rate applied. On January 6, a man temporarily of the $5.00 grade was put in charge. This has not been changed at the present writing, although the change is con- templated. (b) Watch Engineers. Three now in regular service at $4.50 per day. With the power plant out of service, two of these would go on shift with the Chief Engineer, and the service of one would be dispensed with. Hence $4.50 per day is chargeable against the power plant on this account. (c) Oilers. Three used in the plant, two of these in the engine room, one on gen- eral service and repair work. Wages, $3.00 per day. With the power plant out of service, the first two would be dispensed with, making a charge against the power plant of $6.00 per day. (d) Firemen. Six employed in fire room all the time, one extra on repair and main- tenance work. Wages $3.00 per day. It was agreed to assume that during the heating season one fireman could be dispensed with and that during the non-heating season two could be laid off. This makes a charge of $3.00 per day against the power plant during the heating season, and of $6.00 per day during the non-heating season. (e) Laborers. Only one employed for carting ashes, etc., whose services would be re- tained under either condition of operation. Wages $2.50 per day. No charge against the power plant on this account. C. Supplies (Oil, etc.), and D. Repairs and Improvements. It is not easy to properly distribute these accounts every week, so that the weekly report sheets will show the cost of operation only with respect to fuel and labor. The supply and repair accounts will, however, be dis- tributed monthly, so that the monthly reports will show the operating costs (fuel, labor, supplies, repairs), with the exception of charges for water and ash removal, neither of which has yet been settled. In connection with the supply list, cylinder oil will be distributed, 50 per cent. to engines, 50 per cent. to other services. Machine oil, 100 per 68 cent. to engines. A sub-division will also have to be made of the sums representing the supply and repair items for Account I (Boilers) and Account II (Auxiliaries). This can of course only be charged in part against the power plant, as the greater proportion of the apparatus repre- sented by these two accounts would remain in service, should the power plant go out. Apparently the best method of sub-division is based upon the following considerations: If the power plant were not operated, the steam plant would have to furnish the following steam quantities: (a) steam required by all the services, outside of the power plant; (b) live steam required by the heating system; and (c) an additional amount of live steam to replace the exhaust steam which the power plant now turns into the heating system. In the non-heating season, (b) and (c) would of course — 0. Call the sum of these three quantities — B, and let the total steam raised under the pres- ent conditions be — CC. Then the supply and repair charges against Accounts C—B [and If saay Puiely be divided inte she penis and ee ee last is chargeable against the power plant. 69 D—REPORT TO THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS ON THE TEST MADE ON THE POWER PLANT IN THE HALL OF RECORDS NEW YORK CITY By H. Drevericus, Test Engineer March 7, 1914. GENTLEMEN—I beg leave to submit herewith my report on the test made on the power plant in the Hall of Records, New York City. In view of the past discussions it will hardly be necessary to dilate upon the purpose of the test. This report covers the test period from midnight, December 15-16, 1912, to midnight, December 14-15, 1913, thus including 52 complete weeks. The extra day to complete the calendar year, December 15, 1913, is not in- cluded in any of the computations, although complete readings were taken and will be filed. The last day was excluded from the computations be- catise it was desired to establish the week as a unit period for comparisons. Further, this report concerns itself strictly only with the presentation of observed data and of derived and computed quantities. It does not touch upon coal costs, labor, supply and repair costs or their distribution among the various services. All these costs will be made the subject of further reports as rapidly as the Committee on Operating Charges can de- cide upon methods of distribution. The report is divided into the following main parts: A. Layout of Plant and Installation and Arrangement of Appa- ratus. Observations Made. B. Interrelation of Quantities Observed. C. Methods of Computation, Calibrations, Degree of Accuracy, etc. D. Presentation of Results. A—LAYOUT OF PLANT, AND INSTALLATION, ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS AND OBSERVATIONS MADE What follows under this head is largely abstracted from a report on “The Final Arrangement of Apparatus, etc.,” which I submitted to the Board December 3, 1912. I. Observations on Steam, Water, Coal, Ash, Temperatures, Pressures, etc. The accompanying plate No. 6 shows, in a general way, only, the loca- tion of the steam and water meters installed. The scope of the test has grown considerably since the beginning of the work in so far as, at the request of members of the Board, certain services have been subdivided, necessitating the installation of more meters than originally contemplated. This plate No. 6 also shows what changes were made in the piping in the plant. 70 Steam meters installed and their services are indicated in the following list : St. M. 1. Measures all the steam made by the boilers, except that condensed in the main in the boiler room. It was intended to trap out this condensation and to measure it. W. M. 8 was installed for this purpose. The quantity, however, proved so small that the use of the trap was discontinued soon after the test began. St. M. 2. Live steam to heating system through reducing valve, west side. St. M. 3. Steam to house and emergency pumps and heater. St. M. 4. Steam to cold water circulating pump and to NH, pump when the ice machine is in operation. St. M. 5. Steam to air compressors on Shone ejectors. St. M. 6. Steam to west side return pumps. St. M. 7. Steam to vacuum pumps, returns from outside build- ings. St. M. 8. Steam to 150 K. W., Engine No. 4. St. M. 9. Steam to 50 K. W., Engine No. 3. St. M. 10. Steam to 100 K. W., Engine No. 2. St. M. 11. Steam to 150 K. W., Engine No. 1. St. M. 12. Steam to elevator pumps. St. M. 13. Live steam to heating system through reducing valve, east side. St. M. 14. Steam to pumps in east pump room and to fan engines. St. M. 15. Steam to east side return pumps and to Johnson system pumps. St. M. 16. Steam to Paul Board. St. M. 17. (Pitot tube.) Steam to atmosphere through roof stack. St. M. 17 proved a failure and no reliable observations were obtained from it. This meter as described in the preliminary report consisted of a con- tracted copper tube, shaped like a Venturi tube, placed in the roof stack. Two small copper tubes with sets of leading and trailing openings were placed in the contracted section, forming the usual Pitot tube arrange- ment. The readings of difference in pressure were to be taken on a Bristol recording gauge. St. M. 6, which during the heating season measures the steam to the west side return pumps, was during the non-heating season connected to the generator of the ice machine to measure any live steam that might be needed by this machine in addition to the exhaust steam used. It was found, however, that the machine needed no live steam throughout the entire summer. While on this service, St. M. 6 was given the new. number 17 and as such temporarily appears in the records. 2, Shear lire Mote: The tector feed 120 7s be disconect ed, Ya C7 i if [j-9- Auk Beer ae ais corech Fics of foe/, a i 6 SEUTEN (19 8. blow de sconmect 7 Pp girs jones t a “2 eos | oe Pernpe aaa Gauge sR as ‘3 ——_ LATS * t = a Lard / __ é es SS5 1 po = =| SP mp = ts = = --| —— -~- —— --) —— ~~ | -- -— _ -- v 7 | | a GY re | le. ~ 3 # = & | 1 i 2 NS ee s 4 : E y Z [ ju ! raving] S nN 4. Lee Beer | scormect AF ee fa | | 206|\ 47 4 232 |HP LS] | Seine ae WeS on the || Poa fl : . tH ! Yastrore \ fo SS Se SSeS T LI Tarak § B\Oo | | ‘ Willcox Wergher WT 14 ‘onderhper IN| e Ui geh B Y a : | L | ' Dscharge trom BNE, st/Ni6. Ee & Feel yer | WOLLIE: oy i" He MP arip 74 1 | ee eM / Hj jj "wy y Li L WE mS? Sev eet Yea ee epeem Ns a Sas ae ees ee er Oe ee =! E ZB = rt Beal cov. ts Last | ” erty ee wae i! 3 re iG Cetera ee Li rae eal he Phe — SAM IZ Lt POLS: "Tt oe Cee ete ee 0 K.W unit ines eth Go a a ims | mma WITT) | | and elev. Purp - USComecs. iene, art, wa or ft Abn Exh | zy Return ne Life U | nN S : | Ly me Rec Pr Gage | | eee ear Bs {| | 4 3 eae If. & 8 Vo 1 | Os © ; SY 7 g ‘ | | ly 8s Wo | J q BY 8 q ; Y ‘ | yss ain | t Uy | CE | es a Y H | l 8 y Ze Fert Furie fi a in VS : 4 . « Sleveror Perip Fue fon ' | t K ay “t | 7 ® a || | & R Ae y fet Pumpo i Pernps a ove a Lo “i O 4 ly ia 47 oy ? ee LIST y SY A, FAIIN FPOO NT 71 The water meters installed measure the following quantities : W. W. = = =< M. 1. M. 2. M. 3 M. 4 M. 5 M. 6 M. 7 M. 8 M. 9 M. 10. M. 11. Discharge from foul drip pump to sewer. This in- cludes the injection water through W. M. 15 and the discharge from house heater through W. M. 11. Discharge from high pressure drip pump to boiler feed line. This includes the Wilcox meter dis- charge from the Paul Board if the latter is in operation. Clean drips delivered to suction tank after the installation of latter. Water lost through bleeder connected to heating re- turn in East pump room. Was used only until the installation of the suction tank provided storage capacity. Measures the boiler blow-down water and the filter blow-down. Discharge from East and West return pumps direct to boiler feed line. After installation of suction tank, water discharged into this tank. The reading of this meter is made up of three parts: (a) heat- ing returns from outside buildings; (b) heating returns from Hall of Records; (c) injection water through W. M. 12. Discharge from any one of the three feed pumps in East pump room delivering make-up water to the boiler feed line. This applies to the first part of the test. After the installation of the suction tank this meter measured the make-up water to this tank. Water supplied to elevator suction tanks. Includes the reading of W. M. 15. High pressure drip discharge from boiler room main. This finally goes to high pressure drip tank and is consequently again recorded by W. M. 2 along with the rest of the high pressure drips. This meter found useless and does not appear in records after first week or two. Quantity to be measured very small. Measures the total water pumped for drinking as long as the ice machine is not in operation. During the time the ice machine is in operation it measures the make-up water to the cold water circulating sys- tem. Discharge from main house pump. Foul drip discharge from house heaters. Heaters are part of the time on live steam, part on ex- haust steam. Meter readings were subdivided to get both services separately. Note that the drip 72 is again recorded by W. M. 1, along with the rest of the foul drips coming from muffle tank, feed water heater, etc. W. M. 12. Injection to vacuum return pump. Is under auto- matic governor control. W. M. 13. Discharge from air separating tank measuring outside building returns. This includes reading of W. M. 12. W. M. 14. Discharge from Paul Board (Wilcox open meter). W. M. 15. Injection to foul drip pump. This reading is included in that of W. M. 7. W. M. 16. Used in series with W. M. 1 a part of the time. Last part of the test it measured foul drips, as W. M. 1 went bad. W. M. 17. Measures water used by ammonia condenser. W. M. 18. Designates Wilcox meter while measuring condensa- tion from generator of ice machine. W. M. 19. Used at times in place of W. M. 10. W. M. 20. Measures injection to Wilcox meter when latter is used on ice machine. Condensation was too hot for Wilcox to handle. W. M. 21. Measures the return water in the cold water circu- lating system during the time the ice machine is in operation. To the reading of this meter should be added that of W. M. 9 to obtain the total amount of water refrigerated. Measurements of coal and ash were made as follows: The coal storage space was divided into two separate bunkers by means of reinforced concrete partitions. Each partition was furnished with doors, top and bottom, necessary ladders, etc. These bunkers were used alternately, one being emptied while the other was being filled. The location of the scale in the boiler room was changed so that a car could not be loaded without passing over the scale. Checks upon the boiler room weights were obtained (a) by yard weights recorded; (b) by the weights obtained by the observer in the boiler room (see report on Coal Cost for agreement of weights and other data relating to coal measurement, sect. 8). The ash was weighed in cans upon a platform scale. Ash samples were taken and analyzed for moisture, as the ash was wetted down on drawing. Samples of coal were taken in the following way: A pint fruit jar was filled every hour from the car last filled. The contents of the 24 jars filled in one day were quartered in the usual way to fill a quart jar. The seven quarts so obtained for the week were then sent to the laboratory, there again quartered to fill a quart jar, and this was taken as representing the average for the week. The usual proximate analysis and heating value determinations were made. 73 Other observations in the plant were as follows: Temperature of feed water by recording thermometer. Steam pressure in main by recording pressure gauge on gauge board. Steam pressure by special accurate gauge ahead of St. M. 1, to determine corrections for pressure loss in the various meter chambers and to calibrate the recording gauge. Travel of elevators by special recorders. Trips of ash elevator by counter. Trips of the Shone ejectors by stroke counters. II. Electrical Readings In addition to the regular instruments on the switchboard, other in- struments were put in on various circuits to subdivide the current output. The readings taken were the following: Total Output and Output from each Generator. Lighting Load, City Hall. Lighting Load, City Court. Lighting Load, County Court. Lighting Load, Basement, Hall of Records. Fan Load, Basement Hall of Records. General Power Load. Storage Battery, Charge and Discharge. Booster Set for Storage Battery. CRONAWARWN B—INTERRELATION OF STEAM AND WATER QUANTITIES The ultimate object kept in view was that the exhaust steam actually utilized in the heating system was to be determined. In the preliminary report on test arrangements it was considered that we could have three conditions under which the steam used in the heating system may be obtained: A. The steam demanded by the heating system may consist of the exhaust steam available plus a certain quantity of live steam fur- nished through the reducing valves. In this case the exhaust steam available is all utilized. B. The steam demanded by the heating system may be just equal to the exhaust steam available. In this case the exhaust steam available is all utilized. C. The exhaust steam available may be in excess of the heating steam demanded. In this case the exhaust steam available is divided, part is utilized and the remainder goes to the roof stack. The following equations make possible the determination of the exhaust steam and the part of this steam utilized. Main St. M. 1 meters the steam made in the boilers. We have then: Total live steam delivered to high pressure lines — St. M. 1 (1) 74 After leaving this meter, the steam partly condenses in the piping and is trapped out by traps on line and engine separators. All this drip goes to the clean drip tank, is pumped out and is metered by W. M. 2 on its way to the suction tank and boilers. All secondary steam meters then receive live steam equal to that passing St. M. 1 less the quantity of clean drip taken out. That is: Total live steam passing all the secondary meters = St. M. 1—W. M. 2 Here W. M. 2 is of course corrected for Paul Board discharge. Of the secondary meters, the following measure exhaust steam: (a) Engine meters 8, 9, 10 and 11. (b) Elevator pump meter 12. (c) Return pump meters (including Johnson pumps) 6, 7 and 15. (d) Meters on house services (house pump, cold water circulat- ing pump, refrigeration, etc.), 3, 4 and 5. (e) Meters on auxiliary pumps (feed and drip pumps, fan en- gine), 14. St. M. 16 measures live steam to the Paul jets. This was condensed during the test. Normally it goes to the clean drip tank and is therefore in any case not available as exhaust steam. St. M. 2 and St. M. 13 may measure live steam to the heating system through reducing valves. Now while the secondary meters under (a) to (e) above furnish ex- haust steam, the exhaust steam remaining available for use is cut down by the amount condensed in the house heater, plus the quantity trapped out as foul drip from muffle tank and feed water heater, and plus the quantity drawn by the Paul jets through the air valves. The house heater is connected to the exhaust system in the West pump room and also has a live steam connection. W. M. 11 on the foul drip line from the heater to the foul drip tank shows the quantity of exhaust steam con- densed and rendered unavailable for heating, and, by taking readings at the proper time, also shows the amount of live steam condensed. Call the quantity of live steam condensed in the heater — W. M. lla, the quantity of exhaust steam condensed — W. M. 11b. The foul drips from the muffle tank and from the feed water heater are metered by W. M. 1 through the foul drip tank. Note that this reading again includes the reading of W. M. 11, and also that of the injection water through W. M. 15. The quantity of exhaust steam removed by the Paul jets through the air valves is measured by condensing the discharge from the jets and metering it by W. M. 14, a Wilcox machine. This quantity is then equal to the amount shown by the Wilcox machine minus the reading of St. M. 16. Evidently, then the exhaust steam remaining available for use is the quantity measured by meters under items (a) to (e) above, less the sum of the losses mentioned. These losses may be expressed as follows: Loss in foul drip = W. M. 1—W. M. 15—W. M. 11a. Loss at Paul Board — W. M. 14—St. M. 16. (2) 75 Therefore, Exhaust-steam remaining available for use will then be equal to St. M. (3444+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+14+15)—(W. M. 1—W. M. 15— W. M. 1la)—(W. M. 14—St. M. 16) To determine the steam actually used for heating, we turn to the meters measuring the heating returns. The steam actually condensed in the entire heating system: = W.M.5-+ W. M. 3—W. M. 12. The steam actually condensed in the outside buildings alone: = W. M. 13—W. M. 12. The steam condensed in the heating system in the Hall of Records itself is then: — W. M.5+W. M. 3—W. M. 13. The total heating returns, represented by Eq. (4) may be made up of two parts: (a) the exhaust steam used for heating. (b) the live steam furnished through the reducing valves. Quantity (b) is directly measured and is in all cases = St. M. 2+St. M. 13 Further, it is assumed that during the time that live steam is supplied through the reducing valves, there can be no loss of steam through the roof stack. It follows that the live steam supplied is all condensed in the heating system. It further follows that the quantity of heating returns chargeable to exhaust steam condensed, that is, the exhaust steam actually used for heating: = Eq. (4)—Edq. (7). = W. M.5+W. M. 3—W. M. 12—St. M. 2—St. M. 13. Finally the roof stack loss must be = Eq. (3)—Eq. (8). Equations (8) and (9) are perfectly general and therefore apply also when no live steam is supplied to the heating system. Interrelation Between Water Quantities An important interrelation between the most important water quantities is expressed by the equation: Vent. Meter Read—W. M. 5+W. M. 2+W. M. 6—Filter Blow-ofi This equation furnished a valuable check, and served to throw a good deal of light upon the accuracy of the water determinations. C—METHODS OF COMPUTATION The original records are for the present on file in two places. The original blanks used by the observers (see Appendix C), 1 sheet for water quantities (Form B) and 1 sheet for electrical quantities (Form C) for each watch; also 1 sheet for coal and ash quantities for the entire day (Form A), a total of 7 sheets for each day, are in charge of Mr. Bates and are on file in his office. The other original data consist of steam meter rec- ords and of recording gauge records. All of these had to be integrated and are on file in my office subject to the disposal of the Board. (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 76 This mass of original data was worked up as follows: Blanks to show derived quantities were drawn up (see Appendix C), three for each day (Forms F, G and H). These show, Ist, computed water quanti- ties ; 2nd, computed electrical quantities, elevator records, coal and ash rec- ords, the records of weather observations; 3rd, computed steam quantities. These sheets are not presented with this report as the number of them, 1,092 makes this impracticable. They are on file with the other original records at Ithaca. From the 1,092 sheets there were next established 52 final result sheets, one for each week, embodying all the results obtained, totalled and aver- aged for the week. They also show some further computed quantities, such as water rates, rates of evaporation, boiler efficiencies, etc. These sheets are presented with this report and show the complete results, and the writer wishes it understood that they replace all previous preliminary result sheets submitted during the year. It is hardly necessary for me to dilate upon the work involved in bringing into shape the mass of figures gathered during this test. In this connection I cannot speak too highly of the services of Mr. E. J. K. Mason. His interest in this work was manifest from the start and it is largely due to his industry and accuracy that the figures have been turned out as rapidly and smoothly as they have. I think it necessary, however, to briefly explain the methods used in checking up the apparatus and the manner in which the constants ob- tained were applied. Coal and ash scales were calibrated twice by the sealer during the year and were checked up also several times by the observers. Water meters and wattmeters were calibrated once a month on the average. It was attempted to have the intervals the same but circum- stances did not make this quite possible. The water meters were installed in by-pass connections having a test connection, as approved by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The main line in every case was supplied with two valves with a bleeder connection between them. A thermometer cup was inserted just ahead or behind each meter, as most convenient. The calibration was made by run- ning a certain number of cubic feet as per meter register into a tank on platform scales. Where the rate of flow was very slow, five cubic feet were used, in other cases ten cubic feet. Enough observations (2 to 6) were taken in every case to make certain of the result. The constants obtained were applied on the now more or less standard assumptions that each correction factor holds from the date of calibra- tion backward half the interval to the date of previous calibration and for- ward half the interval to the next calibration. This method was departed from only where internal evidence showed that a meter had gone off on a certain date. All such cases are clearly marked on the record. To fully calibrate the most important water meter in the plant, the Venturi, special calibrating arrangements were provided. Soon after the 77 opening of the test a suction tank, 8 by 8 by 6 feet, was installed. On the top of this tank a platform was built resting on 6-inch I-beams. On this platform were placed three heavy barrels which served to measure the water. This was supplied through a swinging arm, so that any barrel could be filled at will. Each barrel was fitted with a 3-inch quick opening valve in the bottom and with a 34-inch overflow pipe about 4 inches from the top. The method of handling this arrangement needs no further description. The suction tank gauge glass was furnished with a scale so that the water level could be accurately read. A float level indicator was also rigged up in plain sight of the observer so that no great variation in the water level took place The observer could at all times control this by adjusting the Croton make-up water by means of a valve close at hand. The barrels were twice calibrated by actually weighing water into them of the average temperature likely to be found in operation. These calibrations were made 10 months apart but showed a maximum variation of only 1 pound in an average of 380 pounds. In the beginning of the test, while working alone, the Venturi was cali- brated by means of these calibrated barrels for stretches varying from 4 to 6 hours. After Mr. Mason was detailed on the work, however, it was decided to run shifts and this meter has since that time been calibrated for the full 24 hours, each month. While taking these readings, observations were also made on water meters No. 2 (clean drip), No. 5 (heating re- turns) and No. 6 (make-up water), all three of which discharge into the suction tank. This gives an additional check upon the important meters, and it may be stated that the agreement between the sum of these meters and the weights as determined by the barrels was in most cases very close, and in every case satisfactory. Another observation made in connection with these 24-hour calibration runs was the weight of coal fired during that time, by means of which the evaporation rate could be checked periodically. The electric meters were tested at different times by different labora- tories. The work was done partly by Columbia University, partly by the testing engineers of the Edison Co., and partly by the Electrical Testing Laboratories. The constants furnished for each meter, usually for three loads, were plotted and the proper corrections were applied by picking the correction factors from these calibration curves. The time interval during which any set of constants was held to apply was determined in the same way as for the water meters. It proved to be impracticable to test the steam meters in position. That would only have been possible by the use of a secondary standard like the Pitot tube. The time involved in testing all these meters in that manner practically prevented this work on account of expense. Fortunately these meters maintain their constants for a long time, for unless the plug seat of the meter is battered by fluctuating small flows, there is no good reason why the constant should ever change. All the steam meters were tested on the testing floor of the New York Steam Co. before installation. It was the intention to retest all of the meters during the Summer by disconnecting 78 and transferring to the testing floor. But after this was done with four or five of them and no change greater than 1 or 2 per cent. showed up, it was decided rather unnecessary to go to the expense of disconnecting, testing and reconnecting the remainder. The ordinary St. John meter clock moves the record strip 14-inch per hour. For the purpose of getting a clearer record than this, clocks twelve times as fast, 6 inches per hour, were at first specified and installed on most of the meters, the exception being the engine meters. It proved that these clocks were not well designed, and they caused considerable trouble by stopping. It became necessary to change to 3-inch clocks and no further trouble was found. The steam meter records were handled as follows: The records from any one meter for the 7 days constituting a week were pasted end to end, giving a strip 42 feet long. Each record so obtained was next divided into 24-hour lengths, from midnight to midnight, and then into two-hour divisions. It was at first hoped that each two-hour division could be worked up separately, but the work involved proved prohibitive. A special planimeter track 7 feet long was therefore made, and the mean ordinate of the record for the whole 24 hours was then determined by a single integration. This scheme proved a great time saver. The mean ordinate obtained was next multiplied by the meter constant and by 24 to obtain the steam shown for the day. But these constants gave the steam flow through the meter per hour for l-inch of ordinate and for 100 lbs. gauge pressure. Since the pressure drop from the boiler header to each meter varied with the meter location, owing to varying pipe friction, it became necessary in each case to correct the meter constant for the difference between the actual chamber pressure and the standard pressure of 100 Ibs. The correction practically amounts to 2% per cent. of the flow at 100 Ibs. for every 5 lbs. above or below 100 lbs. pressure. When it is considered that during the year about six miles of such records had to be evaluated in the manner described, some idea will be gained of the work involved in this item alone, in spite of the very rapid method of integra- tion used. All round charts, that is, those for the Venturi and the Bristol record- ing pressure gauges and thermometers, were averaged by a Durand aver- aging planimeter. The elevator travel records were corrected according to constants fur- nished by the company that installed these recorders. Concerning the limits of accuracy of the various observations, I make the following estimates: The difference between the yard weights and the boiler room weights for coal is only 1.4 per cent. I therefore estimate the accuracy of the coal weight determination to be within 2 per cent. It is true that for two or three weeks we found very high boiler efficiencies, as high as 78 per cent. But these are just as likely to be due to an error in water measurement or in the determination of the heat value of the coal. A close examination, however, did not reveal the cause of these high boiler efficiencies and we had to report them as found. 79 The ash determination is not, in my opinion, as close as the coal weight. The ashes were drawn partly dry, partly wetted down. It was very difficult to get an average sample and as a result several of the weeks show an average per cent. of ash less that the calorimeter shows for the same coal. This is, in practice, only possible (unless the test is very short, which is not the case here), when the ash is so light that the draft carries a part of it over the bridge wall This also is not the case here, and the only conclusion is that the samples taken for the moisture determination were not averaged Fortunately the ash percentage has no bearing upon any conclusions of the test The Venturi meter was calibrated for 24-hour periods, and from the figures found on these tests I think it safe to estimate the accuracy of this meter to within = 3 per cent. The other meters changed their constants a good deal and had to be watched very closely. Considering this variation and the opportunity for calibration as far as frequency is concerned, I would not estimate the accu- racy of the water meter determinations to be closer than + 5 per cent. The accuracy of the steam meters I am inclined to estimate also to within +5 per cent. This error is not so much due to a change in the constants as to errors attending the evaluation of the autographic records. The electrical readings are very close. Most of the meters read very close to 100 per cent. throughout the test, and those that did not or wen: off seriously were soon replaced. I have no hesitation in saying that I believe these measurements to be within + 2 per cent. The general conclusion then is that the determination of the most important test quantities, coal and electric output, is believed to be accu- rate to within +2 per cent., that the total steam raised is believed to be within +3 per cent., while the internal distribution of the steam and water qttantities is believed to be accurate within +5 per cent. D—PRESENTATION OF RESULTS The first one of the tables of results following shows a summary of all of the test results, with the exception of some of the weather observa- tions, which could not of course be averaged (Table No. 1). This form is followed by 52 others (Tables 2 to 53 inclusive) which embody the observed results for each week. Each one of these sheets is sufficiently clear so that no further comment is necessary. The following summaries compiled from these forms may be of interest, although some of the results they show are already brought out in the tables. I. Summarized Results of Test Observations for 52 Weeks Live Steam Distribution Total steam generated ......-. 0 eee e reer eee eee ees Lbs. 81,656,863 Absorbed by condensation losses in piping, etc. (clean GripS) vais voyo see aewennags As adeoe Sere Lbs. 8,736,125 Proportion of total steam generated......-..--.-- '% 10.70 80 Absorbed by boiler auxiliaries (feed pumps, etc.)..... Lbs. Proportion of total steam generated.............. % Absorbed by exhaust heating appliances.............. Lbs. Proportion of total steam generated.............. % Absorbed by electric power engines..............006- Lbs. Proportion of total steam generated.............. %o Absorbed by elevator pumps..............0 ce eeeeeee Lbs. Proportion of total steam generated............. % Absorbed by minor services (sewage pumping, house pumping and refrigeration) ................ Lbs. Proportion of total steam generated............. % Absorbed by live steam to heating services............ Lbs. Proportion of total steam generated.............. % II. Summary Showing Relation of Engine Steam, Steam, etc., to Heating Steam Total steam faiSed: ceca aewwadet wee wa a eee eae ees Lbs. Diverted in foul drips, house heater and ice machine condensation and Paul radiator valves........ Lbs. Proportion of total steam usefully utilized........ -% Total steam used in house heating and house water heating: g2i.4:cnuenciesa sin ewan cowie aae sande Lbs. Proportion of total raised........ 0. eee eee ee eee % Exhaust steam used in above............ see eee eenes Lbs. Proportion of total heating..................00. % Proportion of total raised.......... cee cece ee eee 1% Live steam used in house heating and house water WOR LNG Jones gaedcainia la. etal tare tana barra aes Lbs. Proportion of total heating steam............... '% Proportion of total raised...............000 eee % Steam delivered to electric engines...... eae cides she euahs Lbs. Proportion of total raised...............0.0008 % Contribution of engines to heating...............06. Lbs. Proportion of total heating steam used........... % Total steam absorbed by exhaust heating appliances.... Lhs. Proportion of total raised............. 00 eeeeee % Proportion to exhaust steam utilized............ '% 8,416,435 10.32 3,822,004 4.68 36,275,352 44.43 12,509,868 15.33 8,694,615 10.64 3,202,897 3.92 Auxiliary 81,656,863 19,205,044 76.40 31,396,978 38.40 27,609,926 87.95 33.8 3,537,038 11.28 4.34 36,275,352 44.43 11,250,956 35.87 3,822,004 4.68 14.06 III. Exhaust Steam Distribution—Summary for 52 Weeks Total exhaust available for heating work (house heating, hot water heating and refrigeration plant)...... Lbs. Exhaust steam utilized in heating work.............. Lbs. Proportion of total exhaust steam available...... % Proportion of total steam generated in plant..... % Exhaust steam wasted to roof stack..............005 Lbs. Proportion of total steam available.............. % Proportion of total steam generated in plant...... % 52,587,835 28,484,000 54.1 34.7 23,852,128 45.4 29.2 81 Following the 52 weekly summary sheets, I present some sheets of curves to set forth graphically the principal results of the test, for the purpose, mainly, of bringing out several other points of interest. Sheet I (Plate 9) shows the distribution of the live steam generated in the plant among the various services or steam users. Sheet IIT (Plate 10) brings out the variation during the year of the principal boiler room observations. In connection with these curves it is interesting to note that the high boiler efficiencies of the 10th and 37th weeks are coincident with abnormal dips in the curve showing the heat value of the coal, which would lead to the conclusion that there is some error in connection with the heat value determination Sheet ITI (Plate 11) shows the distribution of the electrical energy gen- erated, among the various consumers. Of the consumers supplied, the fol- lowing use up current inside of the plant itself: cellar lights, cellar fans, storage battery charging, and booster set for battery. The “ hatched ” curve on the sheet shows the dividing line between what may be called useful electric output and that internally used. The storage battery output is indicated on the sheet as the difference between the dotted curve near the top and the total K. W. Hour curve. Turning to the summary table for the year, it will be seen that the battery input for the year amounted to 24,861 K. W. hours, while the output was 12,603 K. W. hours. The average battery efficiency is there- fore only 50.7 per cent. The current consumption of the services necessary to the operation of the plant (cellar lights and fans, storage battery charging and booster set) amounted to 148,904 K. W. hours out of a total of 712,763 turned out for the year, so that the useful output is 563,859 K. W. hours and the pro- portion of useful current to total is 79.1 per cent. Sheet IV (Plate 12). shows the total heating steam used and the distribu- tion of that steam between the Hall of Records and the outside buildings considered together. The total amount for the year was 29,328,384 Ibs., of which the Hall of Records used 36.8 per cent. and the outside buildings 63.2 per cent. Sheet V (Plate 13) brings out the interrelation between heating steam used and mean outside temperature. The coincidence in the variations of these two factors is quite remarkable and will serve to confirm the accu- racy of the determinations made on the heating steam. Sheet VI (Plate 14) is a “ shot-gun” diagram which confirms in the same general way as Sheet No. V the conclusion that the demand for heating steam is proportional to mean outside temperature. When the outside tem- peratures go over 60°, however, this general law seems to fail, the heating steam being less than the line would predict. This may perhaps be ex- plained on the ground that tenants are willing to stand inside temperatures a few degrees less than 70° without much complaint, but that the rooms get too cold with outside temperature less than 60°, after which the demand for steam becomes normal. 82 Sheet VII (Plate 15). In connection with the discussion on heating steam demand and outside temperature, it becomes interesting to ascertain briefly whether the year of the test was normal as far as outside tempera- ture is concerned. Sheet VII shows first the “ Normal ” temperature against the “ Daily Mean.” This daily mean varies so greatly that it is not easy to get a relative idea of it with reference to the normal. To aid in this, a third curve showing the “ Weekly Mean” is plotted. Comparing this with the normal, it will at once be seen that the mean temperature during the months of December, 1912; January, February, March, April and May, 1913, were generally above the normal. The Summer months do not show a great variation from the normal, while the Fall of 1913 again shows mean temperatures above the normal. By means of planimetering, I have obtained the following figures for the temperature relations: Average Average Mean Period Normal Temperature Temperature for Test Weeks 1-21, incl.......0...000..000... 35.8° 40.5° Weeks 22-40, incl. (Summer)..... ...... 69.4° 69.4° Weeks 41-52, incl............... 0.2... 48 .9° 51.4° Weeks 1-52, incl. (Total test period).... 51.9° 55.0° The outside temperatures are, therefore, generally higher than the normal. I am not prepared to say definitely what effect this had upon the test results, but my opinion is that the engine plant would have made a better showing in exhaust steam utilized had the season been more nearly normal. I append the results of several special tests that were made at the re- quest of members of the Board on some of the pumping machinery in the plant. Appendix C, Exhibit 33, shows the results for power and steam con- sumption determinations made on the elevator pumps. Appendix C, Exhibit 34, gives some information on the subdivision of the steam used by the boiler auxiliaries among the various pumps. The principal result is the determination of the steam used by the feed pump alone. Appendix C, Exhibit 35, gives some horse-power and steam consump- tion figures for the house pump. In closing, I wish to express my appreciation of the uniform courtesy extended to me throughout the two years work by the members of the Board of Engineers and by the officers of the Bureau of Municipal Re- search. My particular thanks are due to Mr. L. W. Bates, of the Depart- ment of Public Works, without whose efficient help and advice the work would have proceeded with a great deal less smoothness than it has. 83 I also wish to record here my thanks for the faithful work done by the three observers detailed on the test, Messrs. A. J. Doyle, G. S. Coffin and G. J. Stockley. These men did not lose an hour throughout the entire year and are deserving of the highest commendation for the interest in the work that they consistently showed. Respectfully submitted, (Signed) H. Drepericus. Plates 7 and 8 give the weekly results of the test in diagramatical form and Plate 16 shows the use of electricity in the various buildings from 1910 to 1913. 84 OPERATING RESULTS For 52 WEEKS FROM DEG 82 TO DEE I A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL. AND ASH eS Ww, oO - 71€ 6B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO pauNae POUNDS |CEN eee I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H, e@ - fs -4)\ K ECONOMIC RESULTS UND Vas ‘C7, | - OF, e . oF, C REMAINING AVAILABL = A YZ : la co “lene D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS ” es ” E HEATING RETURNS a F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounos | fA se & eHed, ae a> a? a) week 6 not in TABLE fL DETAILED OPERATING RESULTS BY WEEKS 86 OPE. RA TING FE. SULTS F OR_|2 WEEK FRONT _DE.16 TO DEC.22 A WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ww, OSs a. efer & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM 79 BOUNDS | PoURDe Iori cine pr NOS (CENT! T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] . e AME. / < Ces. = C REMAINING AVAILABL K ECONOMIC RESULTS UND ‘ c ‘C7, 1C1€NC D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L ELEVATOR RECORDS e€ S92 : oO. e vl E HEATING RETURNS ” F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | PounDs | f+ - AT M PRESSURES, 00 we ER OBSERVAT se ea/7 ea a “99 e 87 IPERATING RESULTS F OR_2°___WEEM FRONT DEC.23__ 70 DEC.29 a | WATER AND LIVE STEAM | 3/0 Va. H COAL,.AND ASH Ow, OSs Ss iP e e “DISTRIBU TION OF LIVE STEAM @ 79 POUNDS | POUNDS ICENT| ae : I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H é re (7 J Se e ce Wa O05 + AM REMAINING AVAILABL K ECONOMIC RESULTS io ‘7, Or 17 a c WC1ENC. L ELEVATOR RECORDS STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM , é So oO es 2 ” HEATING RETURNS / gv ” Oo. yn ROOF STACK LOSS 3 5. SES| PounnDs |f.+ SUMMARY oF STEAM U | \ 0 7CHes. TUE|WE 36 a1 88 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_32__WEEK FRONTDE-30__TO_JANS A WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH . | | , ) Ow-ciow, OSS a 6B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM Ue I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES! KWH é é, - ER 79 POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT Pe e Ss O05 Cc fe + K ECONOMIC RESULTS C REMAINING AVAILABL ta : oe >> a wf 1, D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS S99 es ” E. HEATING RETURNS os F ROOF STACK Loss ng [PE G SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | Pounds [fut Ape sSURES, TEM we ° RVAT e ~ 89 PERATING RESULTS FoR_42__WEEK FRON_SMG _TO_vAN.2 WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH 3/ow-clowr7 Lo VG. : e 3 : r. = DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM ER GlUe POUNDS | POUNDS ICENT/T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES; K.W.H 000 . CG oi Cer. te REMAINING AVAILABL “STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L ELEVATOR RECORDS ” e ” HEATING RETURNS a” co ROOF STACK LOSS SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | POUNDS |é; 90 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_S*__WEEK FROM SKB _TO_JNI9 A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow-cIOw., OSS a (3 iP = & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO UND D| PER “ve POUNDS | POUNDS ICENTIT ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES) K.W.H e cer7/ = C REMAINING AVAILABL UND q, a TE D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L.ELEVATOR RECORDS iz @ ” —. HEATING RETURNS a2 F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | POUNDS | ent M.PRESS WEA S 91 OPERATING RESULTS ForR_6% WEEK FROM JN 20. TO _vAN.26 \ WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- cIOW, (Z] OSS 3 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM Ue F I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES! K.W.H e lu i POUNDS | POUNDS 735 000 164 é. OF or CesT, K ECONOMIC RESULTS ab y REMAINING AVAILABL H OUND Ge 4C1OLIC ELEVATOR RECORDS é ) STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM S59 oO. es 2 ” _ HEATING RETURNS 3 a "ROOF STACK LOSS S| MI POUNDS | E+ | SUMMARY oF STEAM USES e 92 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_™ WEEK FROM S21 _ TO_FER2 A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a. owr7 LO iT, 68 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM 79 AINE We UN POUNDS | POUNDS |CENTI'T” Fi ECTRICAL QUANTITIES) KW.H 7 17 ” V1 “Use e a7 e @, u OC, ° CE/I. é OUND C REMAINING AVAILABL K_ ECONOMIC RESULTS EA : o> (Zz TC L. ELEVATOR RECOROS OTAL D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM e a ns E HEATING RETURNS ad IF ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | POUNDS PRESSU we Ee 93 OPERATING RESULTS ForR_3*_WEEK Fron tB3__TO_FIBI A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a. Ow. Oss ELer. 125 8\ C/T TUT, -7 RIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM Saunt Bogue e. ei = ae a r I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES) K.W.H : (4 3 Dist TO & é. L146} 0.48 |] A c K ECONOMIC RESULTS io OD REMAINING AVAILABL UND f 1; ) STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS es a - HEATING RETURNS : a> = " ROOF STACK Loss ) : 7 SUMMARY of STEAM USES | POUNDS e € TABLE 9 94 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_s*__weer Fromm 1810 _70_f5B\6 "A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow-cIow, OSS a e. = e/7/UT, - B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM 79 Bounce eoumpe IOEKe aoe sea I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H Gl é. O77 - cer7/ Ss M C REMAINING AVAILABL K_ ECONOMIC RESULTS oe on w% {1D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS ” ” E HEATING RETURNS aD F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | POUNDS | fen M PRE we e e “ . ry Ez2 EzA = 95 OPERATING RESULTS For __ween fron _sta__TO ft8.23 A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH ° a. Ww, ® DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO A118. Glide c IT ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H 2 POUNDS | POUNDS |C Gi é Tod CEs1/. K ECONOMIC RESULTS (Gl C REMAINING AVAILABL 1C1€1E D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS € os ” HEATING RETURNS 7 oF F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | PouNnDS | f E NTI PR Mw s E E - AGILE ff 96 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_\?__ween From _18.24_TO_MAR2 A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a. Ow, OSS LE ern lUr © DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM UND D POUNDS | POUWDS We ; IT ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H e Soil o 34 Cel. C REMAINING AVAILABL K_ ECONOMIC RESULTS UN w x D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM 17C L. ELEVATOR RECOROS é ” ” E HEATING RETURNS o» F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | PouNDS | 2a e 97 OPERATING RPESULTS FoR_22__weex from R43 TO ‘A WATER AND LIVE STEAM Ww. H COAL AND ASH ow- a. oO 'B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM To AIUE JT ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H aye é e@ POUNDS UNOS [CE é. O77 C oO K ECONOMIC RESULTS oO” o” 29 ”» 1, L. ELEVATOR: RECORDS D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM 300 99 ” EATING RETURNS £40 H F ROOF STACK Loss G.SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | Pounps |& E NT M PRESSURES we e 98 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_3%__WEEM FROM MIRO TOMAR A WATERAND LIVE STEAM . |H COAL AND ASH Ow- w, Oss a. CT Or (Ver7 7 = & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM . 7 TO u We : Poems Pownos (CENT T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H > 10 : WSaAGE @ uf = - CES. C REMAINING AVAILABL K ECONOMIC RESULTS On, OF, fr. ve oe » 1) D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS S99 ée ” E HEATING RETURNS a9 F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | PouUNDS (Se 2. OU, a ss oe as a) 3 99 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_\4"__WEEK FROM _MARIL_TO_MAR23 __ A WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH ; ow-clowr? LOSS 3 Wa. e 3 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO POUNDS POUNDS |CENT ac r J ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES|:- K.W.H K ECONOMIC RESULTS OF, fo fr. CL vo o? a” 77 w ; vf rf LCCC D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS S93 es ” FE HEATING RETURNS A Oo F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | POUNDS Pr PRESSU 4 2 ” - 100 OPERATING PESULTS For_s*__ween rrom_wa2s To wsr20 _| A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a. Ow, oO e. 7, B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM UN D TO Pounns! PouNDS Ue I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H K ECONOMIC RESULTS C REMAINING AVAILABL D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS a ” E HEATING RETURNS , F ROOF STACK Loss E G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | POUNDS | fen MPR 101 “OPERATING RESULTS FoR_s__ween Frond MRA__TO_DPRG____ A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH w-clow, OSs a “9 .B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM Ue I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES} K.W.H ON 79 POUNDS | POUNDS oO CEesTe: K ECONOMIC RESULTS tal C REMAINING AVAILABL D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS S93 es ” E HEATING RETURNS ” F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | PounDs | ft Ss PRESSUR we E S47 102 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_1%__weer From _se2.1__TO APRS A_WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH W- cow, OSS (7 B OISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM 79 pouNDS | POuN CENT of. 1 I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H € Oo S COSI. = C REMAINING AVAILABL K ECONOMIC RESULTS OUND 2 od : OF, @ 4 d a o. — 16) D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS S99 oO. é. ? ” ! — HEATING RETURNS a fh F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | Pounos | 7 M BRESSURES, WEA E 3° 2 e - ; ° eler 103 OPERATING RPESULTS For _ 8 WEEK Fron BPR\A__TO_APR.20 WATER AND LIVE STEAM \ H COAL AND ASH oO a Ow, oO id - DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM UN D R 7O pounps | PouNDS |CENT de ICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H of TI -ELECTR K ECONOMIC RESULTS Od, » REMAINING AVAILABL ” ae ” ) STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L.ELEVATOR RECORDS é S99 oo " HEATING RETURNS | : ROOF STACK LOSS oy PE | SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | POUNDS |ceny M PRESSUR 104 OPERATING RESULTS For WEEK FROM HRD iia A WATER AND LIVE STEAM | H COAL AND ASH OwW- CIOW, OSs. eTUr - DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM @ a, Ale ER ( POUNDS | POUNDS ICENTIF Ft ECTRICAL QUANTITIES) K.W.H C REMAINING AVAILABL 7 OUND “4, HE L. ELEVATOR RECORDS D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM 2 2 So ” E. HEATING RETURNS os F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES.| POUNDS 105 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_1°__WEEK FROM _1o2.28 TOMA __ \ WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a. Ww, {e] o i. UTION OF LIVE STEAM 3 DISTRIB TO Ue I ELEcTRI POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT QUANTITIES] K.W.H €, Ces1/. 0 K ECONOMIC RESULTS REMAINING AVAILABL OF, ; | a Ua L. ELEVATOR RECORDS ) STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM es S99 ” - HEATING RETURNS | oe 7 ROOF STACK LOSS = 3 SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | POUNDS : yr e] e 106 OPERATING RESULTS ror_n®__ween rrom_uxs_ro unis _| A WATER AND LIVE STEAM | H COAL AND ASH Ow- a Ow. Oss CM TUT, B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM . ER 79 POUNDS | POUNDS |CE Ue I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H é, CELI. K ECONOMIC RESULTS i AVAILABL C REMAINING H 5. a) w IC/ENC L. ELEVATOR RECOROS D STEAMTO HEATING SYSTEM S09 es ” ‘EE HEATING RETURNS yt ve F ROOF STACK Loss E G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | PouNnDS | £7 MPR ‘ WwW. Ss mm se e u i ae as as . ee 107 IPERATING RPESULTS FoR _222 WEEK FRO NAL TOMA, B. WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND' ASH B/Ow- Wa. Ow. OSS S/S e 2 C/T LUT. DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM 79° pounce | BU loenT me SLE. ale T ELECTRICAL QUANMNTIES| KW. é. Fi ATE. 2, Fo P ¢ (7 ec é td € 3 a DL SSE LLDUEI OFF — Hy 2 pS or 7 ou 7 e€.) Gere 7 cS: oO ower i CMAP a1. eha s OOS Oo Cel. K ECONOMIC RESULTS 5. er C7, er: Od, Fi ” a? ” REMAINING AVAILASBL H OUND Or CU er: ey 17 (og a ct 1C/OIE L. ELEVATOR RECORDS ‘ o |) STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM es 2 S99 ” oO HEATING RETURNS zd ° ROOF STACK LOSS ENT R Mw SUMMARY of STEAM USES | POUNDS se ES EA 23 108 OPERATING PESULTS FOR_232__WEEM FROM_MAL19 TO_MAL25 _ | | A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H. COAL AND ASH Ow-crowr? LOSS a. efer ih e AITTE. B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM FO OUN D) PER |#&% Ue Fopnps | Pounos CENT! T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H e. é. O/7 P K ECONOMIC RESULTS OF, g a °. c CLEC D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L ELEVATOR RECOROS e S| o- es ” E HEATING RETURNS op F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounps | fA" se ed OU, iF etea, a as > 109 IPERATING RESULTS FoR_24% weer From M26 70 Junel WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ww, Ow- 7 1 ~\ DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM UND D 79 POUNDS | POUNDS |CE 0 41E GLUeC I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES 2 uy. 57 7 2l (2 57 ATE. (06 980 S270 139 500 id 2e7 049 19 ~ HM 1378 30! 110 299 838 -5 6 o 100 Cesr/. K ECONOMIC RESULTS oO”, REMAINING AVAILABL - Fi 1, L. ELEVATOR RECORDS STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM € os ” HEATING RETURNS a” ROOF STACK LOSS 18 mM ATU SERVATI E NT M Ww SUMMARY of STEAM USES | Pounps | & 78 30 | SURES E ESSU , EATH ° e e 105 5 195 8 29. SAT e/er Cc. 0 53 | 50 | 50 | 52] 53 | 55 | 59 92) 71 3 64 110 “OPERATING RESULTS FoR_25= WEEK Fromm \UNE2_ 70 JUNE A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH c Ow- a. Ow. OS5 6.56. { 2116 (42 C. ~19 B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO e 7. l0- | de 12 39 I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES! K.W.H POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT | 605 6 254000 Po (2) c -l10 C REMAINING AVAILABL K_ ECONOMIC RESULTS UND Or, 17 L. ELEVATOR RECORDS D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM | ” ” E HEATING RETURNS > F ROOF STACK LOSS POUNDS | fy 421 160 100 G SUMMARY or STEAM USES Z e e 180 111 OPERATING RESULTS For_28°! ween rror_WNe9 70 lunelh A_WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ww, ° 13472 \ 8 (163100 -13 8 © DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM \7 (1 7 69 10 15 2) We 124 I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H (eu 78 ER 79 PouNDS| POUNDS |CENT 79 4800 4310 a O77 0390 or Z Ow / a CVE]. eCM/Or* CU aL oy er HS \7e 18 oo e P O°OS/ey c C REMAINING AVAILABL K ECONOMIC RESULTS Od, if. D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM LELEVATOR RECOROS es ” E HEATING RETURNS * F ROOF STACK LOSS PRESSU G SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | Pounos | F57 / | WEA RE 1349 100 ER 72 420 112 OPERATING RESULTS FoR 21% __weerrsron JuNel6 To JUNE? A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH oOw- a. owr7 LOSS e tt C/T TUT, -15.7 & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM OUN To Pounos | Pounos |CENT ome: Ue 241 I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H 2 507 (31 wR Cc K ECONOMIC RESULTS (4 UN 1152 460 4 SCENE L. ELEVATOR RECORDS a4 D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM € os ” E HEATING RETURNS oe F ROOF STACK LOSS 3 G SUMMARY or STEAM USES pounps | fat \7 too. e 2 (2 eed, a2 2 113 OPERATING PESULTS For 28 _weer Fron le?) 70 WUNE29 A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a. Ov, ° 16 \ 2 “ | CMTS, ~l2. GILLIE 8B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM UND /|D) PER Ue 79 POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT J ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES GC (56 81 a 2 41 293 22! 520 Of7 z 80 (365 584 le 0 (eXe} oO K ECONOMIC RESULTS C REMAINING AVAILABL | UN 173 20 Y 2. fe 1, L. ELEVATOR RECORDS es EO HEATING RETURNS ° F ROOF STACK Loss 83! G.SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | POUNDS 65 584 192380 5795 + PE ENT 00. SAT. 63 {65/16 62 | 65 | 70 | 66 722 7 nie. 38 5.E. 114 OPERATING RESULTS FoR 22 _weer fron _luNe30_7o_luy6 _ A WATERAND LIVE STEAM 800 ow-clow/t LOSS z 14 425 a. - | 1280 37 7 r 1046 8390 ert Tur, =| ; atile & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH TO OUND 7 17 99 /. se GO ey CU, vu Oo”. 19 (2) 11741 S Cerys, =8.2 C REMAINING AVAILABL HEA OUND ] S. 165 903 7 6 U4, D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM ” ” E HEATING RETURNS ” F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | Pounps | f+ 1280375 e ae e 199 960 165 eHed. 79 = > a) e POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT PER | <4 AME J ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES é. u K ECONOMIC RESULTS - : 2 ‘Wclernc L. ELEVATOR RECOROS es 2 M PRESSURES, M 100 we ER O RVAT 15 - le - 19 @6 | 70 | 73 | 69 2/828] 77 649 N 115 OPERATING PESULTS FoR_30™ ween Frond Jjuyl 70 Suva \ WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ww, Oss oO a - l 8 TEAM ER TO POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT WWE Q. } J DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE 3 feck ve 12 210 T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H 03 ° K ECONOMIC RESULTS Oo” v. ” y REMAINING AVAILABL Or oF ” +? 7 fo Ly. ) STEAM TO HEATING 3YSTEM Q. co 1C/€NC L ELEVATOR RECOROS S99 e a” HEATING RETURNS } oP } T : ROOF STACK LOSS } SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | PounDs [ES | 100. or 2 2 2 SSURES A Ee M PRE 2 mM we 9° ERVATIO 66 | 67] Gl | 63 115 | 73.1 73 (| 7 4 116 OPERATING RESULTS Fror_al_ween rrom Ju \4 70 Juy20 _ A WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- cow, Oss a. e I a4 13 : a 8 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM Te Ue fe ‘12320 I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H 0 79 NDS | POUNDS |CEN UC - - = le. )} ar 2 Ss ° = CEL. K ECONOMIC RESULTS , D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L.ELEVATOR RECOROS a — es ” E HEATING RETURNS > F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounns | fF T. 79 | 8 66 [62 | 63 | 65 | 64 | 72 [69 749 “74 1 [540 117 OPERATING RESULTS FoR 32° weer Fron _syx2l_7o duy2T A WATER AND LIVE STEAM. H COAL AND ASH fad OW a. 2 own LOSs 108 { . C/T SUT, “HAZ 4 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM OUND |DI D 7O POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT 0 om 0.13 16. (4 12190 I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H. rH afer KM i ” = = - | 0 4 eC L1G7 OF, 1273 08 . cert +19 1249 895 | 2 O REMAINING AVAILABL ECONOMIC RESULTS - H . U : OF. : i$. e O, SCENE r) STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS es S83 ” tf. HEATING RETURNS 92 F ROOF STACK LOSS = Li = Gi] SUMMARY of STEAM USES | POUNDS | ¢; 5 12498 se € OW, f eHed, 92 20 33 > 118 OPERATING RESULTS FoR _33°_-weer from JUY28 ro Aud A WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH OW-cCIOW, OSs \ 20 14.1 BB DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM 79 pouNDS] poUNDS CEE < NOS I] ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES) K.W.H eel PETE] Ed estate . ~ / - c i K ECONOMIC RESULTS UNDS : od, OF C REMAINING AVAILABL o ad ” Y, v 16. D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS ée ? — HEATING RETURNS os F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounns | fA M PRESSURES #e570 _|100. WE E 4 2 119 OPERATING RESULTS For 34°_ween reom Mics ro Auol0 A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a. Ow, OSS 23 125 . Ci ~32.2 5 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM } UND 0) Dy] P 79° POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT 0 e A11E 0 17.3 Ale oO (20 T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H = 2 ¢ OAGE (4 c K ECONOMIC RESULTS a 7, od, Or cy fv CLEC [) STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS S99 es as E HEATING RETURNS a> F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | POUNDS | fen é : 15.5) 18. PR 5 Ww su M fe ES EA e e@ \9 0 3 120 OPERATING RESULTS For_35= weer rrom_Auc ll 7o_Aucl] A WATERAND LIVE STEAM cE Ow- OSs a. Ow. 11589 LaPeer e CTU, ® DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM OUN D| PER TO Pounps | POUNDS |CENT aler C7 MW Ss. e/a eV OU, Uu 4 119 stl / o / -Per C/T, T N C REMAINING AVAILABL FOR HE OUND ( D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM S99 = ” 641 E HEATING RETURNS a 9, Oo F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | Pounps | fA (79211 100. - = = e | 338 (3 181 I | | 53 H COAL AND ASH 1S. Wve 12 J ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H ar @ +78 00s Oo K ECONOMIC RESULTS Te, L. ELEVATOR RECORDS es ESS M WEATE 121 OPERATING RESULTS For_36™ ween rrom-Auc\8 70 Auc?e~ A_ WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a. Ow. OSs 12 € 10416 ~14.7 B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM | UND ER | + Ge 12150 ° 79 PouNDS | PouNDS |CEN I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| ‘ K.W.H It 0 / Q ‘ CEST. C REMAINING AVAILABL Ee é 150 10 a QO. f. TC1ENC L. ELEVATOR RECOROS | OTA D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM Sos} es a E HEATING RETURNS a” F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | POUNDS | feny | 10 M PRESSURES, WE E se e@ - STeBLE SF 122 OPERATING RESULTS For 30! _ween rrom_AlG25_7TO Aun 3) A WATER AND LIVE STEAM r OW- a. H COAL AND ASH Ow, OSs (03012) -15.0 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM ER 79 Pounos| PounDs Ice GUE T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] ’ K.W.H Mi C REMAINING AVAILABL t € (Z] D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM LELEVATOR RECOROS - e S99 > | 708 FE HEATING RETURNS ae F ROOF STACK LOSS PE G SUMMARY oF STEAM USES} POUNDS | Cent M PRESSURES ; we Ee o- @e ed 123 OPERATING RESULTS F. OR_38™ ween From Sep| To SEP] A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH OwW- Ww, a 12.29 (ZA - | e ” | | Tr. -10. & DISTRIBUTION OF'LIVE STEAM a | 79 BOUNDS: UNDE. CENT ce . I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H is yes as tn € 2730 - Cer +2.5 K ECONOMIC RESULTS C REMAINING AVAILABL = | ¢. Or Us D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L ELEVATOR RECOROS Sal — es ” E HEATING RETURNS o? oO F.ROOF STACK LOSS SUMMARY or STEAM USES POUNDS | fey M PRESSU 100. we se e 124 OPERATING RESULTS FoR 39! _WEEK From _SEPB8 TO SePl4 A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow-cloOWws7 LOSS “ 98 7, . 2 i) 76 & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO D t Ue 12320 POUNDS | POUNDS ICENT)T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H. Fi = F (27 eC E. ‘Ss OF C REMAINING AVAILABL UND 7 Zz \ : ° LC, D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS Sss| — é = Soy —. HEATING RETURNS a F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | Pounps [FER M PRESSURE 1 | Ww. ER @ = = ed. a 125 OPERATING RESULTS For 40 _wWeen rrom_Sepls To Sep2l A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow-cIow, Oss " \ a. oe : fi Jl ih AIMTE. 4 'B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM eee TO POUNDS | POUNDS |GeNT| ss Sa] I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES KW.H 7 = = 2 é 124 500 : 7] \ e CesT. +1..7 M C REMAINING AVAILABLE K ECONOMIC RESULTS Od, ‘| /Q, a 1C1 | D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS Srl — es 2 a E HEATING RETURNS gy F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| POUNDS | Cent M PRESSURES, ] 9 WEAT e = 7 t Sleamin HH, for TABLE ” 779 ‘Oo D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L ELEVATOR RECOROS S99 = é a E HEATING RETURNS a F RooF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounns | fA M PRESSURES, 229 | 100. we ER_O ES e : e 5 « e >» > a> 128 OPERATING RESULTS For _432_ween rrom (ct& _7o (ttl2 A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow-c/o “ (Z] - ef 4A ATE. & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM To POUNDS | POU = Se tsa] I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H e < Cc K ECONOMIC RESULTS D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS: {oo es ” E. HEATING RETURNS iad F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | PouNDS se e e a a+” I> ? 129 OPERATING PESULTS For 44° _ween rrom_Orl3 7olcri9 1A WATER AND LIVE STEAM Ow- a. Ow, OS5 e CMU, DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO OUND [D/ D] PER ‘ A, se (GO ce e é, / = Ces7/. C REMAINING AVAILABL é L D STEAM TO HEATI NG SYSTEM 798 S49 19 1799 355 E HEATING RETURNS z ‘ oO F ROOF STACK LOSS 5; G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounos | fF CENT 2 e CHE. 2» 92 3) me POUNDS | PCUNDS [CENT H COAL AND ASH 0 55 6.32 72 de { I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H K ECONOMIC RESULTS oO”, ip oe oo ” a c 10, L. ELEVATOR RECORDS es 2 PR ES Ss WEA M R E 130 OPERATING RESULTS For 457 ween reon Ooi 20 ro OCT 2h A WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH o a. OW, OSS . “ 14. er TUL -3 & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM UND DISTRI PER POUNDS | POUNDS |CENT 150 e a, We ; 107 I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K:W.H e °° 17 100. oO —.4 [500122 Cc Mm H A C REMAINING AVAILABL K ECONOMIC RESULTS Od, UND 31 100 4, 1C, LELEVATOR RECORDS ° D STEAMTO HEATING SYSTEM 5 es S99 ” — HEATING RETURNS ay F ROOF STACK LOSS G.SUMMARY or STEAM USES | POUNDS 2, | Se e OW, SENT N PRE M we 20 4 131 OPERATING RESULTS For 482 _weex From Oct 21_To Nov? A_WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a OW, Oss e. C/7 (UT, ‘ & DOISTRIBUTIONOF LIVE STEAM UND 0) PER POUNDS | POUNDS |CEN 3 I'4E i I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H \9 / ; &. K ECONOMIC RESULTS ] ‘7, OW, C REMAINING AVAILABL R HEA UND 1318 213 ” > ” | | (006 é (7) OT. D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM oo L. ELEVATOR RECORDS es. E HEATING RETURNS oO. ae F ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | POUNDS = 132 OPERATING RESULTS FoR 41™_weex from No.3 TO No.9 __ A WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Fe OW-cIOW, OSS oe | a. efer Z 4 SOL (Vert lr. 4 © DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO OUN ! D ae Ue Fe oF POUNDS | POUNDS ICENTI'T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES U7 i S e Li ‘ é, SO ; eC (44 eV a e a Ce O”, e O (BO / : CCW. : Mi C REMAINING AVAILABL in : 7 139.6 | | (Z] 101 D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM LELEVATOR RECORDS ” = é za E HEATING RETURNS 99 oO F ROOF STACK LOSS 3 G SUMMARY oF STEAM USES | POUNDS | dent PRE | e e Yu oO eed, ae 22 92 22 133 OPERATING RPESULTS For 487 ween from _Novil To _Novib A WATERAND LIVE STEAM 000 10 304 1742 696 64 800 f 10.2 BS DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM D) PER 7oO CENT H COAL AND ASH o a. Ow, Oo 68 We : 90 I ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES| K.W.H D POUNDS | POUNDS 15.67 2@ | | Q 15 610 or K ECONOMIC RESULTS C REMAINING AVAILABL é D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS e HEATING RETURNS Cad F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounos | 55! 072 | 80 j2 134 OPERATING PESULTS For 497 _ween fron Nov\l_To_Nov 23 _ A_ WATER AND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow- a Ow, OSS » 6 1501 er. -8.1 © DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM P 7O POUNDS | POUNDS ICE We 1 T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W. | (52 29 ail c 1a9 C REMAINING AVAILABL K ECONOMIC RESULTS Y, D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECORDS e os a” E HEATING RETURNS zd f ROOF STACK LOSS G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounps | F NT Mw “ E RES, E ER O 2 @ 135 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_S50™ WEEK FRroM_Nov24_TO_Nov.30 _ A WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH Ow-cIOWs/7 LOSS (Zi e “ | CTT, -10.1 8 DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM ISTRIBUTED Ue POUNDS | POUNDS |CENTIT FV ECTRICAL QUANTITIES | 7 922 254 5 622 673 a 5 =|.2 ; om or. |\C REMAINING AVAILABL K_ECONOMIC RESULTS. A OND - oF 129 51 ‘17 47 : eC — 138. é 169 312 U7 150 100 1283 37 3 cv 1C1€NC D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM ELEVATOR RECORDS 378 a = es x9 || 283 E HEATING RETURNS a? F ROOF STACK Loss G SUMMARY or STEAM USES | Pounps | fA | 820 1055 178 720 10 129 518 82 39 | 37 | 40 | 3) Cc. N.W. | N.W.] NW. ncludes Mi included in (e) Gen.Power 136 OPERATING PESULTS FoR_5\8'_WEEK FROM_DECL__TO_DECT _ A WATER AND LIVE STEAM OW-CIOW, ” a. . e Y t Il, _- & DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM 79O Pounps | PouNDs |CE > Cc (77, i 4 Tv D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM S99 a a E HEATING RETURNS oe F ROOF STACK Loss S. G SUMMARY or STEAM USES| Pounps | fe se e H COAL AND ASH 71€ “x 1. Ue J ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H €, s 00S oO one Co or K ECONOMIC RESULTS oO”, Or aD ad ” ee Te) L.ELEVATOR RECORDS es 137 OPERATING RESULTS FoR_5v__WEEK Fron __DECB To _DECLI4 A WATERAND LIVE STEAM H COAL AND ASH ‘= Ww, oO a. B DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STEAM TO Vv Ue POUNDS | POUNDS.ICENTI'T ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES] K.W.H id, —— ai Cc C REMAINING AVAILABL K_ ECONOMIC RESULTS UND i 1, D STEAM TO HEATING SYSTEM L. ELEVATOR RECOROS a at es Nn” E HEATING RETURNS vs oO F’ ROOF STACK Loss PE G SUMMARY or STEAM USES POUNDS ENT M PR SSURI Ss se Ce”. |_| 2 PCE EET Tr TECTNBEECEN EE | RE PRN re NE ] [AE PETA Mt ACT it HCH | ECAC NITE E eat ing vices for enerot other se ef! by exh H by exe st from 1 by powerplant exh plant exh exh 13 Kilowatt hours 4 1S ec CONE Ma EKS lounds stda urnish Tota Fa ey al steam lused for eating steam) furni ched! by porrey btal stea 10 A " 12 wet LuL ET My L/TIT AL : > CHE THe HEY : | Eo Whe | ptt! t | | — | |- HH H Ht ti via rite PC 7 LY / | | Nal | | | | PLLA | | ATTEN FE TELE NL ee ee ee eee ere eer tes uw L Tota | e FASE BAER i iS ae SE ae COPEL ETE TE fis PAE CH TES N PP HT qT ar HE AY | ff “ Sr _{\h Hh i ES TZ SESE et | CUA CEE ETHIE PR | | SAC PTT REACT eT 23 29 30 ey Ju $8,000 ,000 —s" 000 1,500,000 4,909. 000 2S 50 15 58 0 25 Q 20 10 ) 20 {Oo () CO 20 15 0 5 % 25 850 50. $50,000 2 a | 0 aay Co il Yor HK OTT oO TIC | + e N ; aS - |= 5 re) C : % 5 3 | Xe 5 5 3 ‘5 rs 5 = fs - 5 = - S 8 = ‘e oO ° E ne e ms “5 = Re 5 7 | ag i 3 “= 3 So 8 ng 3 g in E ‘2 = : WE 4 : @ 6 9 2 . Va a 0 DI ‘Cc 2 8 E D 9 “8 we aa) &§ E S 3 D 8 = 8 + 5 a a z e 3 PLGTE 1E lO()0 pou lency orat CELL VAICALe EES TARO TE PPT PPR INE TYNG LT VMIEAIIN EAT VAN TINCT NN CAA Ye AA EI tT ee TEC PAA TA IT aT ler st fo evaporate US. IN CO water ev oal c unds o Yo ou = Be o 00 300 300,00 200 000 0,000 000 50 250,000. 2 J Dror ay rer Sai Se Jan. 1,000,000 a LE ea TA TT CHEAT ais SHAR Ae i HY | a tN | SEI Ly AT Y PAT A TEA TAT PT | SA | TOA TECK COAG cy EAR ULL TAL TTT TT SE AIEEE Yt 23 20 ] Li esd 16 TNT 15 \ Fp eS May SS Tint mE a ia f= Ct = ptt I ra = 7 \ SSSA < Pe eee bf water Hounds cflco ARTA TTT TT PAE AM, TTT PTOI F Tt SERENE) CHES art ACNE CCA PUT WW TUTIN’ TT AEE TA PUN A TEE AT TT PIE AP PIU AAV UA | Pg TA iu EE Pi i) a PE Wl AY A ea AT AM iy iN | ee TM | pounds ons er ad per po carb ile ma of watere vaporata Pounds pore led rout ids of water eva 34 WW Jul seg rl * 8 a 40 ee Sept. Sooo Oo oO <8" | 380,000 250,000 409. 000 200,000 1,500,000 CCRT oy AAG Ay SCN cH PORTS COA HEATH ECE TH r To Ton - ‘| 6 £ 3 $ 5 45 j cO AH Att 1x v ——- = > 52 000.000 5| 49 48 Ned ids of walle pr evapora 39 PLATE 8 | Te ee Tt St KN tyr Tei J Len 7 SR = i Moe LEN ALT 47 49 FS FT uly ~ 4— Aug. —rk— Sept —k— Oct —h— Nar, Sheet 3S #7 J 3 39 4/ fo} | AL RA AN ZA DA tL! a Pl Es < a 9 FH 8 e@e 8g '" fF © b&w © 5 q 8 SYST YIP/OG TWODIFDT FIaS YILYM SI7 HSY AYO S% : 9 8 3 SQ ° ae 8: Ss S 8 $ 8 Ss 9° 9° 3 Ss g 3 Ss = X x a N Q Q Q v3 y v z= < 2 : BPI WIA TILA STVOD AHO 10 FOTWA LVI COFSN 70D SE7 WEEKS, —b— Dec>— a Feb. ae Man —t— Aor ee Way Sure. PLIITE 10 PLATE ff XM 2 \ 4 N s} N WN cf WD G8 Ey —k— Vurre peal ee Yuly Sak Aug. —*k— Spr —k— Oc 7. ——*—— Woy. Sheerf lil “Uf iy PP r XQ Poe eet: oagsrer Se e oh Lie a aNor _AGe ite i Cj qd d WEEAS [_ 2) Ss TRIB | JON | OF 4 TJecA— Varz. as (eb, —k— Mor ete Apr. et ee Mey SYN0OK/ LLYMOT/lY SE RE RRR ce _. a ee il chee Ce Ce He | ko oe 7 Ti ce a . a Cee ne aaah a naa a Hh . LA i | EEE ET NEE Cu Nahata am a a vn NE, Ha SE a a cn TT ti i He Te - ee | iL TT Fe | | a i m rm a CE sg NOEL 3 HEINE CLES ETA ANAS EE CNA oo au cA Wai A | | al UL a aa ue i i Ng oh Cea CL ce FPLaeaTeE #2 FLATE /3 1,$00,000 § S yu ~ H ey 4,009,000 g vu x > u eer Heating Steam a tsicle Temperature. x 3 A Jao,000 To SS ° YS 4o IS 30 2s 20 Mean Outside Temnerature, °F Sheet WF FPRLLITE 1 Eo aera hao ry fi oa ee eP EP Ee PE ces er EEEER ES a mi |! 4p , bh +t} 4 7 fott tof jy fate Shere a i ann oot ti —- t Pe ee - cot ‘ ; al t coo ; t t 4—L- 1+ 7 ara <+t a tro4c och ++ 4 r i tL on per & \ fet 1 | jt ah ees Oo fap teietale Ta t Jy LE eer rt ft jes Peeper EEEECEEE ERE HELE EEE EEE Fest 1S a ! i COT Eo poor SSE ERAS cher et Parcel op [ EASE. | I oe Ne -H- ptt tgp a tt co ee aR E eS aR See aa Spe Pa te ona ok Rie eee Se Sea a ee Spe apse east g melee fp J ey bee Epa tate : Shs pris pial te Heer Tet tops pt roy ry ohh +H aasaston a Poo on Ce ns i Sanaaas ! - : : a i ch rH Cet OTy: our Ty tg tredditran—trom ara pak ibe ‘Records, Git: Ou 261i 139 E—DATA ON COST OF OPERATION OF THE HALL OF RECORDS PLANT FOR YEARS 1910 TO 1915, INCLUSIVE, BY E. P. GOODRICH One of the items decided upon by the Board of Engineers, for inclu- sion in a report of the test of the Hall of Records plant, was the cost of operation for several years previous to that during which the test was made. These were sought by one party as a demonstration of the costliness of municipal operation and were desired by other parties to demonstrate what efficient management can do, “ even in municipal matters.” The delays which have intervened since the completion of the test, to postpone the publication of the report, have made it possible to include data with regard to the two years succeeding the test. This has been done. Obviously the only source of information available was the records kept in the office of the Auditor of the President of the Borough of Manhattan. It will be noted that a slight difference exists in the figures given in the table as the cost of heat, light and power and in those given elsewhere as the test figures of cost. Items which the majority of the Board of Engi- neers voted to charge to capital account have been included, together with certain of the costs of preparing for, running, and dismantling after the test, so that at this time it is impossible to reconcile the two accounts to the last penny. The nearly constant reduction in the costs of operation should be noted, especially those for the year 1915, since it has been contended by some that the 1913 costs were abnormally depressed so that a necessary reaction took place in 1914. The fact that the cost of caretaking for that year increased even more than costs for heat, light and power shows that the upward swing was produced by normal causes, probably greater activity on the part of tenants, since it was the first year of the present administration. 140 IL 08s'z$ | 9F°299'08¢ | ET goT‘9Z$ | Z8G9T‘Z8$ | OO ZOO'TSS | GE OSGESS JU TROL, puBin 98'080'z1$ | SO°zzt‘els | So sP2‘cIs | 2h FS8'ZIS | ee e6z'9S | 12 06S'6S creer ss sees esse ss 999 gQUBUaPUre AL 67 '662'29$ | 86°EsP'zos | Fo FER"e9s | GE'sTe’69$ | 29 EIZ‘FLS | 89 6ST‘OS$ erttsess es <<< ZurqeradQ [840] ae ae 8 Sa a pa eee 69° 6&8, 82% L81'T 12 "P99 Gc 0&z'T PREG aes SAEs PiU SR ES SORE [OSA Gespo'se | 6'1ZZ‘0r_ | IS TSL'6€ PLTPLEh | IL 6S7'9F | 4089127 Prtrtes tess esse esse ss esse ness eres sess ss TaMog pus FSry ‘489H 06 EST‘Sz$ GO 29S‘ LZ$ Pr 29L'ez$ 26 988'F$ Ge 00Z‘92$ 60' 162‘ Tes Sg Re eae drier aS Hiern Bie Oe PS eT pe eee ee EES Ee a saree 2S ERO RBC ST6I FIGT e161 ZI61 IT6I OI6T (sSUIP[Ng 10430 0} Jomog pue ys] “YvoH] poyslaMy sproosy Jo [8H ST6I-E16T) XINO SGUOOdU AO TIVH WHOA AOIAUAS UAH.LO dO LSOO GNV ‘HUVd TIVH ALIO NI SONIGTING CNV SCUOOaU AO TIVH WOK WHAMOd ANV LHDIT ‘LVHH 40 LSOO TVONNV Part IV ARGUMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE BOARD OF ENGINEERS 143 SECTION 8 REPORT ON COSTS OF OPERATION BY THE TEST ENGINEER The reports on costs, which were prepared by the test engineer and based upon the vouchers received and the observations made during the test, are included in eight groups, as follows: A—Total cost of operation. B—Coal cost. C—Labor cost. D—Cost of supplies. F—Cost of repairs. F—Cost of ash removal. G—Gas lighting cost. H—Cost of improvements. The tables of detailed figures referred to in the text will be found in Appendix 1 D. A—SUMMARY OF TOTAL COSTS OF OPERATION The six sub-reports accompanying this Summary contain an itemized record of all the costs of operation in connection with the Hall of Records plant for the 52 weeks, from December 15, 1912, to December 14, 1913, inclusive. A seventh report containing the cost of improvements is added merely for the purpose of making the information complete, although it has been decided to consider improvements as a capital charge. Wherever possible, the cost items have been charged to one of the eleven accounts established by the accountants previous to the test. This has only been done, however, where there was absolutely no doubt as to-the proper distribution of the item. In all other cases the items are charged in a column headed “ Undistributed,” and such items await disposition accord- ing to the decision of the sub-committee. 144 The total cost of operation is made up as follows: Percent of Cost the Whole Dia SO al iteetete Sue wie adn dows puna dade acne $15,296.58 38.90 ids aM a geese ily tes nS ile ace en y EH AN 19,102.17 48.60 Ii SUPPER is acs'akcie ryt: ely Gia anh ah aaiees a ene x 1,648.70 4.20 AS REDAIWS® Go Aa cea senagis Pauiacdos wht oe 1,791.78 4.56 5. Ash removal... 2.0.0... 000 cece cee eevee 1,219.98 3.10 6. Gas lighting 63 vss sie veer oe peso 252.30 64 7. Bureau Superintendence..............000) cee eeeee ee foc ee aee Totals. s2-3i.b.00 ein eee Pata 664 $39,311.51 100.00 The above table does not contain charges for lost water or for Bureau Superintendence. With regard to the former, it was decided by the sub-committee that no charge be made (see Minutes of Jan. 2). The sub- committee was not able to reach an agreement regarding Bureau Super- intendence, and the question was finally referred to the whole Board. B—COAL COST The tables in appendix D, Exhibit 36, contain in detail the observations with regard to the coal bunkers during the test period (52 weeks, plus 1 day, from Dec. 15, 1912, to Dec. 15, 1913). The times of filling and locking, unlocking and emptying of each bunker, are given together with kind of coal, yard weights and boiler room weights, and finally the cost of the coal in the bunker. Attention is called first to the differences between the yard weights and the boiler room weights. I attach, without hesitation, the greatest weight, as far as accuracy is concerned, to the boiler room weights, because these measurements was carefully watched throughout and the scale calibrated from time to time. The yard weights (contractors’ weights) show a total supply of 10,468,850 Ibs. ; the boiler room scale shows 10,323,594 lbs. This is a difference for the year of 145,256 Ibs., which amounts to 1.4 per cent. of the boiler room weight. I regard this as a very satisfactory agreement. These coal bunker weights and costs, together with the daily records made on the coal consumption, enabled us to compute the coal costs for each week. The following is a record of these costs for the 52 weeks, ending December 14, 1913: 145 Week No. Cost of Coal Week No. Cost of Coal Doogie esac daast ates Wh actos tae $328.79 Diss shun, a hacatan Shean had ed $232.20 Dearie noise Nearat weds ee tt 346.44 2 Oech, Mga d yn ahang 241.74 See eases ae Meck ah 288.14 DO Oc ccnlarion te mnt cue Cars 203.57 Boao a rag colina Bénin onde 352.23 10 ene oe 218.63 Ss cecal Abarat eect dace t Sg 364.55 Bild carci iat ein Bs 197.50 Oise fed acre ek wets oe 372.66 Bois tciace om nvaitot i ahha nad 207.17 US ora calegace eee Ae asta 387.03 DOA ctl ae chty. estat § 209.46 Bosh Regie sea Mag td SH 417.18 94 ce eee tas chrirtiaheal 210.76 OB. Badal See sheen eg) 410.33 BD ce Seowinth octane ananins 215.42 MO ssh eos Soha tee yee Cokes 364.33 SB Oi. Sci i arly as ose 211.78 Dane casas ey ae tide sett ag anne 425.73 ID aa ahaa aera iad cote 217.13 DD a ah tin lca Oo ele Oo 406.61 GO roe Beaks la eenneme eae, 235.6 DS cece rests Sak abe aont, 372.98 SO ites leno, eRe See 205.74 A a ae Cara ay sor ee 8g 374.30 BO ede certs dhavse at eguedeoac sesh 219.47 DS a tec reeaeh pest cnet Set 348.80 BAG ark nne Santas oie chee 242.28 Dis: aioteeanes line rae 321.61 OD ch Se tas onus te 277.32 V7 bac eet Be oh eee 304.02 OOS ae ib 8S Wit a Rte ree 301.09 De perce abs de akg arta cam tesa 284.61 ANS asco hacen htt oo cant 247 53 DO Feld fees nae taal ee ht 276,26 AD Sencet wlatsbate wha seaton 305.29 DO rh erate et atant ath ete ath 279.64 BO io is 3 We acne et es 314.41 DY tind, heevindoke “anton Beistees 286.80 Aisa Bev agere rata h Ab ta 332.54 DD. Vom. Vcd ie 291.11 Ay on eons tela dr wed hg sae oa 338.42 D Sitetins less Mapes, Fue aie alah 280.71 BO rie ANS 8 een ae i Bi 293.65 DR eure rs Susu epee 254.25 DOs ceke Neen 303. 82 DO fret mehr ele patis eA hou 250.41 Dili tie Ste hi Vaal eeetatse 321.21 DO ote Fauna ese 238.40 SD 2 ethes yids ey deepsea oases 364.87 ‘Fotalis sodas $15,296.58 The total cost of coal used for 52 weeks is therefore $15,296.58. The cost of coal supplied, including all of the last bunker, is $15,441.22. This bunker was broken into at 2.15 P. M., December 14, and until midnight December 14, 1915, $13 worth was used, which makes the cost of the coal used to that time as stated. On the last day of the year-period, December 15, the coal cost was $51.10, so that coal costing $93.54 was left in the last bunker at midnight December 15-16 1913. 146 C—LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED The appendix tables (Exhibit 37) of detailed data contain all of the labor charges in connection with the Hall of Records test for 52 weeks, ending December 14, 1913. Each table contains the charges for four weeks, the smaller table at the foot of each giving in the last column the total labor charges froni the be- ginning of the test. Wherever possible, the labor cost has been distributed to one or the other of the eleven accounts established by the accountants. This informa- tion in every case comes directly from the time slips turned into the mechan- ical engineer’s office by engineers, oilers, firemen and laborers. All labor cost items that could not be distributed, 7. e., representing labor affecting the plant as a whole, have been so recorded, and these items await the decision of the sub-committee as to proper distribution. The total labor cost for the 52 weeks (Dec. 15, 1912, to Dec. 14, 1913, inclusive), is $19,102.17. D—COST OF SUPPLIES The cost of each item of material supplied has in the detailed tables (see Appendix D, Exhibit 38) been charged to the proper account. There are no undistributed items of cost. The last column shows the cost of supplies for test material, equivalent to $186.44. This cannot properly be charged to the plant, and should therefore be deducted from ‘the total. The total cost of all supplies is $1,835.14, distributed as follows: Account: 1—Boilet c.ccacauciw esi dee sia setae seen de ceseen $329.62 Account 2—Boiler Auxiliaries......... 0.0 c eect eee 115.03 Account 3—Electric Generation........... 00 cece cee ec eeee 312.11 Account 4—Elevator Equipment............ 0. cece e eee eenee 398.88 Account 5—Water Supply....... 2. ccc cece cece eee eee eens 44.94 Account 6—Ice Water Supply....... ccc cece cece ene 174.89 Account 7—Heating Hall of Records..............--+--ee5- 47 .83 Account 8—Heating Outside Buildings...............--505- 30.10 Account 9—Drainage Equipment.............. 00s eee eee eee 31.78 Account 10—Vacuum Cleaning Apparatus.............-..05. 4.20 Account 11—Miscellaneous Tools...........s cece eee e cree ees 144.17 Th StOCk erkits earn oes nical ees Wa eee ae ae eG 15.15 Test Sapplic? cccarweveceeinn dt deveshe rss ce eeaaya 186.44 Total ches caterds ang & agente arcs heels Gilani eae $1,835.14 Deducting from this total the cost of test supplies, leaves $1,648.70 as the cost of supplies for the 52 weeks. 147 An examination of the supply record shows that the items are distrib- uted among six main kinds of supply, as follows: Bngmeé Oik facicnusincdateeveconenieuewems $128.00 Cylinder Ol aa avin omnia ede cere eaviantas eee eee 110.00 GREASE? weep eusts a wee She Ae Ree ee 22.60 WaASte) citar tu iktrind Wehner hc arma areas 95.27 Pacha ge iia vs Secs Sem ee eee eee aaae 378.42 Ita g'S) sch aua sieved arses vest dake ea te aeewatiere 137.11 MascellaneGus: wishes Gener es ae oe eeea es 963.74 $1,835.14 E—COST OF REPAIRS The tables of data in the appendix (Exhibit 39) contain in detail the cost of repairs made in the Hall of Records plant during the test. The in- formation is directly derived from records kept in the Public Works office. All the items are directly charged to one of the eleven accounts and there are no undistributed items. The total cost of repairs for the year is $1,791.28. The distribution of this total is as follows: Account: 1-=Boiler Wadendans et sae re eaded ee eo bees $457.45 Account 2—Boiler Auxiliaries............... 0000 e eee eee 30.15 Account 3—Electric Generation.............. 0.0.2 eee eee eee 474.45 Account 4—Elevator Equipment... ...................0000. 207 .26 Accoutt.. 5—Water Stipply ence. acess ccomiecuete we oseuey des 6.00 Account 6—Ice Water Supply........... 2... cee eee ee eee 242.87 Account 7—Heating Hall of Records..............-..-0000% 267 .82 Account 8&—Heating Outside Buildings.............. 0 ...... 49.87 Account 9—Drainage Equipment........... 0.00.02 eee e eee tee eee Account 10—Vacuum Cleaning Apparatus................... 28.25 Account 11—Miscellaneous Tools.............0 0.0 eee eee eee 27.16 $1,791.28 F—COST OF ASH REMOVAL From the beginning of the test, December 16, 1912, to March 9, 1913, inclusive, the ashes were removed from the Hall of Records building by the Department of Street Cleaning. The information on the cost of removal, in the detailed table of costs in the appendix (Exhibit 40), was furnished by the Commissioner of Street Cleaning. The estimate is based on 16 cans to a cartload and a cost of removal of $.74 per cartload. From March 10, 1913, to December 15th, inclusive, the ashes were removed by a cart from the Bureau of Highways, and a uniform charge of 148 $3.50 per day was made for the service independent of the amount of ash removed. The cost of ash removal for the 84 days, from December 16, 1912, to March 9, 1913, inclusive, is $239.98, which is an average of $2.86 per day. For the 280 days, from March 10 to December 14, 1913, inclusive, the cost is $980, making the total cost of ash removal for the 52 weeks $1,219.98. G—COST OF GAS LIGHTING Part of the lighting of the plant in the Hall of Records is done by City gas. The record of the gas meter installed will be found in the letters from Mr. C. F. Lacombe, Chief Engineer of Light and Power, Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, in the appendix. (Exhibit 41.) It would appear from these that the total consumption of gas for the period from December 15, 1912, to December 19, 1913, was 341,200 cubic feet, uncorrected, and 361,842 cubic feet, if corrected, for the 6.05 per cent. error found. Making a pro-rata allowance for the five days, December 15-19, inclu- sive, 1913, the recorded consumption of gas is 337,660 cubic feet, uncor- rected, and the corrected consumption is 358,100 cubic feet. The charge for gas for the period was $255.90. Discounting this for the five days in excess (Dec. 15-19), we find the net cost $252.30. H—COST OF IMPROVEMENTS The permanent improvements made in the Hall of Records plant during the test period are partly made up of the installation of control apparatus, such as CO, and smoke recorders. The largest item is the cost of five non- return valves installed in the risers from the boilers. The remaining items of cost are for the installation of a motor-driven air compressor to replace the wasteful air brake pumps used in connection with the Shone ejectors, and for changes in the exhaust lines in the West pump room to make possible the use of exhaust steam in the generator of the ice machine. The total cost of the improvements is $2,321.12. This cost is distrib- uted as follows: Account 1—Boilers ........ 0... c cece ccc cee cee cents eeces $1,544.94 Account 6—Ice Water Supply........ cece eee eens 508.59 Account 9—Drainage Equipment................ 0.000 aee 267.59 For detailed data, see Appendix D, Exhibit 42. 149 SECTION 9 REVIEW OF WORK OF BOARD OF ENGINEERS AND COURSE OF EVENTS SUBSEQUENT TO THE TEST BOARD MEETINGS IN 1914 The test was completed December 15, 1913. The preparation of the Test Engineer’s report in Section 7 occupied several months. It was form- ally presented to the board on March'25, 1914. Later the test engineer pre- pared the report on the costs of operation, which appears in Section 8 of this report. During the first five months of 1914 practically all board action was taken within sub-committees which held numerous meetings. The first meeting of the full board was held on March 19 and no further meetings occurred until June 8th. At this first meeting discussion took place regard- ing the distribution of steam, especially with reference to foul drip, and the question was referred to Messrs. Bolton and Goodrich for analysis. On June 8th at the next meeting of the general board, after the transac- tion of minor business, the reports of the sub-committees were heard. The committee on fixed charges, through its chairman, stated that a conclusion had been reached as to the additional cost to the city of the Brooklyn Bridge electric light and power service in the amount of $1,051.39, or at the rate of $0.0325 per Kw. hr. Messrs. Goodrich and Tweedy read briefs on the subject of interest and depreciation and each was finally asked to submit in writing comments upon the statement of the other ; pending the submission of which, the whole matter was laid over. A progress report was submitted by the committee on operating charges which led to all of the subsequent discussion during the meeting. The question of charges for water used in the plant was discussed by Messrs. Bolton and Goodrich, who were asked to submit briefs. Similar discussions were had and dispositions made of the subjects of labor distribution, assuming the substitution of purchased service, and of the question of bureau and borough supervision. At the meeting of June 18 tabulations were submitted by Messrs. Bolton and Goodrich with regard to costs of operation of the plant were the Edi- son service introduced. The estimated reductions totaled as follows: Bolton estimate ...............000 eee $20,476 Goodrich estimate ...............00000 7,515 Data was submitted by Messrs. Tweedy and Bolton as to rental value of the space in the sub-basement and Mr. Goodrich was asked to submit a statement on this matter and that of depreciation. The question of water consumption of the plant was again raised, and a report by Mr. Bolton was referred to Mr. Goodrich for investigation. A similar discussion was had and disposition was made of the matter of Bureau supervision. The 150 question of operation of the ventilating equipment in the sub-basement was raised by Mr. Tweedy and after some discussion Mr. Goodrich was asked to submit a report. The rate at which the Edison service is to be computed was suggested by Mr. Tweedy as $0.03 per Kw. hr., in spite of the fact that a new rate applying to state and municipal buildings had been adopted at $0.024 per Kw. hr. Several minor matters were also discussed. End of Argument in Board Meetings At the meeting on October 10, 1914, the principal topic of discussion was a report presented by Mr. Goodrich (originally started as a part of the work of the sub-committee on operating costs but finally presented to the full board) formulating the method and results of an endeavor to so rear- range and restudy the data taken during the test as to make possible an analysis of the figures in accordance with a theory developed by Mr. Good- rich and a determination of the results which would be secured by the partial operation of the plant for the production of steam alone. After an informal explanation of his report by Mr. Goodrich, Mr. Bolton distributed an analytical and critical brief on it which was also informally explained. Mr. Goodrich also presented a criticism of the various briefs which had been submitted by Mr. Bolton during the year concerning the distributions of steam and of accounts. After discussion of the above briefs, several members of the board urged the necessity of bringing the work of the board to a close as rapidly as possible, and it was decided that the two interested parties (the City and the Edison Company) as represented by Messrs. Goodrich and Bolton, should be given an opportunity to withdraw their preliminary briefs and to submit finished briefs which would set forth their best professional views in final form. With this in view, a motion was made and carried to the effect that Messrs. Goodrich and Bolton act as a committee on form and arrangement to put the fact record and the controversial matter into the best possible form for publication. At this meeting Mr. Bolton also brought up the question of whether the board would recommend the conducting of a further test of one year with purchased electricity, this being contemplated in the agreement under which the test was conducted, if the Edison Company should be able to show that it could reduce the total annual cost for light, heat and power in the Hall of Records and the buildings in City Hall Park by furnishing electricity with or without the service of the New York Steam Company. It was decided that it would be necessary to await the conclusion of the independent advisers of the Bureau of Municipal Research before a final meeting of the board could be held and action taken on the question brought up by Mr. Bolton, and it was further concluded that the report of the test already completed could be made independently of further investigations. A committee consisting of Messrs. Sever, Goodrich and Tweedy was, however, appointed to rec- ommend what operating conditions should be followed in case another year’s test were to be conducted. 151 OCCURRENCES DURING 1915-16 Subsequent to the meeting of October 10, 1914, the committee ap- pointed to put the report material in shape for publication held several meetings and prepared a brief abstract of the results of the test which did not meet with the approval of the board to whom it was sent. This forced the committee to put the complete record into shape for publication and resulted in a very considerable delay. In the meantime, the representatives of the Bureau of Municipal Research found themselves unable to give their conclusion due to the deadlock between the interested parties until the briefs of the opposing parties were placed in their hands. The Union League Club Dinner Conference On February 9, 1915, Mr. Arthur Williams, general commercial man- ager of the Edison Company, invited the members of the board and several other gentlemen to a dinner at the Union League Club, where the matters connected with the test were informally discussed. Several members of the board were unable to attend this conference and no minutes were kept, but the following gentlemen were present: Mr. Henry Bruére, City Chamberlain, formerly Director of Bureau of Municipal Research, formerly Chairman of Board of Engineers. Dr. F. A. Cleveland, Director of Bureau of Municipal Research and Chairman of Board of Engineers. Mr. E. P. Goodrich, Consulting Engineer, representing the City. Mr. William Williams, Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. Capt. A. B. Fry, Consulting Enginere to Department of Water Sup- ply, Gas and Electricity and later member of the Board of Engineers. Dr. John W. Brannan, President, Board of Trustees, Bellevue and Allied Hospitals. Mr. R. P. Bolton, Consulting Engineer for ite New York Edison Company. Mr. E. F. Tweedy, Engineer for the New York Edison Company. Mr. Arthur Williams, General Commercial Manager for the New York Edison Company. The main points of the discussion were as follows: Mr. Arthur Williams stated that his company stood ready to supply steam and electricity to the group of buildings supplied from the Hall of Records plant for a lump sum of $35,000 per year. Objection was raised to this lump sum offer for several reasons, one of which was the possibility that the economies in the consumption of steam and electricity, which were constantly being secured by the municipal authorities (especially in the use of electricity) might prove that $35,000 was an excessive sum to pay for the Hall of Records service. To avoid this objection Mr. Arthur 152 Williams stated that the Edison Company would name a lump sum for which it would supply steam and electricity equivalent to that which was required during the test year (1913) in the group of buildings furnished with heat, light and power from the Hall of Records plant. This proposi- tion was also unsatisfactory to the gentlemen present and after an extended discussion it was finally agreed that Mr. Williams would submit a tender to the Borough President of Manhattan in which would be included a state- ment of the rates which would be applied to the amount of electricity and steam actually consumed during any year and a further guarantee that the total or a maximum figure would not be more than $35,000. Report Material Finally Collected Between February and August, 1915, repeated efforts were made by the Bureau of Municipal Research and the Edison Company to bring about the completion of the report and the Bureau finally assigned Mr. R. W. Parlin, an engineer on its staff, to assist the committee appointed to put the report into form for publication; such a course being desirable because a part of the historic data lay outside the experience of the board of engineers. Mr. Parlin was also instructed to assist in getting the findings and con- clusions of the counsel of the interested parties in the hands of Professors Carpenter and Lucke as promptly as possible so that the Bureau could not be charged with delaying the report. Those portions for which Mr. Bolton and Mr. Goodrich were responsible were finally secured in November, 1915, and were immediately placed in the hands of the Bureau’s advisers, Pro- fessors Lucke and Carpenter. Consideration of the material was delayed until January owing to the absence from the country of Professor Carpenter. In the meantime, Mr. Arthur Williams of the Edison Company pro- tested in a letter of January 20, 1916 (see appendix E, Exhibit 43), against the continuance of the delay which he said was causing stories to be circu- lated to the effect that the Edison Company was doing all in its power to pre- vent the completion of the report and was trying to withhold the facts. In this letter Mr. Williams suggested that it was not possible to get the city’s representatives to sign a brief fact report (such as was submitted by Messrs. Goodrich and Bolton) that the director of the Bureau of Municipal Re- search sign a statement as to the facts which Mr. Williams asserted had been unanimously admitted by the various officials. This letter led to cor- respondence between the Bureau and Mr. Williams in which it was sug- gested that several members of the board of engineers concurred with the Bureau in objecting to the publication or making the subject of final ac- tion a summary fact report such as had been outlined, unless it was accom- panied by all of the supporting information which is necessary to give a reader a true understanding of the conditions which surrounded the test and which contributed to the result. (See letter of Feb. 1, 1916, Exhibit 43.) It was also stated that the material for the report should be ready for sub- mission at the final meeting of the board of engineers and for publication in the near future. 153 The Bolton Report and Bureau Statement Following the Bureau’s reply, Mr. Williams ordered Mr. Bolton to prepare over his signature a so-called fact report which was published early in February in spite of the fact that the question as to how the report of the engineering board was to be put in final form for publication was still under consideration between the Bureau and the Edison Company. (See letter of Feb. 3, 1916, Exhibit 43.) The report published by Mr. Bolton (see Appen- dix E, exhibit 44) was considered by several members of the board of engineers to be so worded that it did not make clear to the public that it was simply a report by a single member of the board accompanied by his own personal conclusions. This, accompanied by the fact that it had been the understanding of the board that nothing should be made public until the board was ready to publish a single report (see letter of Feb. 7, 1916, ' Exhibit 43), made it necessary for the Bureau to issue a public statement setting forth the true status of the case and denying that the conclusions published by Mr. Bolton were those of the board. This statement took the form of a letter to the board of estimate and apportionment dated February 24, 1916 (see Appendix E. Exhibit 43), and accompanied by— 1. Review of the facts leading up to the Hall of Records test, which was practically the same as Section 2 of this report. 2. Review of the organization and work of the board of engineers, which is included in Sections 3 and 9 of this report. 3. Correspondence between the Bureau of Municipal Research, and the board of engineers, with Mr. Arthur Williams of the New York Edison Company, the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, and others relative to the question of making public portions of the report on the test prior to the completion of the Hall of Records test released by the board. (Letters are found in Appendix E.) 4. A report by the engineering advisers of the Bureau of Munic- ipal Research on the conclusions of the engineering counsel of the interested parties, which is included in Section 11 of this report. 5. A clipping from the New York Times of February 20, 1916, containing a statement attributed to Mr. R. P. Bolton in which he outlined the facts leading up to the test and its results. The premature report also tended to make the preparation of the final report more difficult and the relations between the members of the board of engineers unpleasant even to the extent of causing charges of a breach of ethics being brought against Mr. Bolton (see letters between Feb. 15 and 21, 1916, Exhibit 43). The Edison Co. Offer Subsequent to the statement to the Board of Estimate by the Bureau, Mr. Williams of the Edison Company expressed surprise that no considera- 154 tion had been given by the Bureau counsel to the offer by the Edison Com- pany to supply all of the light, heat and power required by the Hall of Records plant, as indicated during the year of the test, at an annual cost not exceeding $35,000. His attention was called to the fact that while he had expressed his willingness to make an offer which would include the details of the rates upon which the computation was based, yet he had neglected to make an official tender to the proper city officials and the board had no information upon which they could act. (Letter March 2, Exhibit 45, Appendix E.) An attempt was made to secure a detailed statement from the Edison Company which would definitely show the engineers of the board that the annual cost of light, heat and power for the Hall of Records and buildings in City Hall Park would be reduced by the purchase of either Edison service or Edison service in combination with the service of the New York Steam Company. This attempt did not succeed in bringing forth any statement which was satisfactory to the minds of several members of the board. The Edison Company did propose to obtain an arrangement for the operation of the Hall of Records plant, provided the electrical part were abandoned, and the furnishing of the required electric current from the Edison system at a combined cost not to exceed $35,000 per year. It did not, however, present details of rates or state just how this result would be secured, in a way which would enable the board to reach an independent conclusion. On March 20, 1916, a second communication was sent to the board of estimate and apportionment, which included copies of the various communi- cations which had been exchanged between the chairman of the board of engineers (Dr. Cleveland) and the Edison Company since the 24th of February. (See appendix “E,” Exhibit 45.) Final Meeting of the Board of Engineers From this point on, while further efforts were made to secure a com- plete detailed statement from the Edison Company which would show just what it proposed to do and show the costs for service would be reduced, the main effort was bent toward preparing for a final meeting of the board of engineers. While some further information was secured relative to the cost of furnishing steam, proposed rates for electrictiy, yet no formal tender presenting the details of the Edison Company proposal was secured upon which the board felt warranted in taking action. On April 28, 1916, a general meeting of the board of engineers was called, and all members were present. At this meeting, the Edison Company again presented its lump sum offer in the form of two affidavits (see Appen- dix “E,” Exhibit 46). One of these affidavits set forth a statement of the cost of supplying under present rates the amount of electricity needed for the Hall of Records and connected buildings, as determined by Professor Diederichs, and the other set forth a statement that the New York Edison 155 Company has had addressed to it a proposal from a corporation of good standing, located in the City of New York, whose business it is to operate steam plants in private buildings in said city, in which the said corporation agrees to undertake the entire operation of the steam plant in the Hall of Records building, exclusive of the electrical generating units, for a fixed annual cost. This latter proposal contemplated the furnishing of all coal, labor, supplies and repairs necessary for the operation of the steam and mechanical plants, exclusive of the electrical generating units. (See Appen- dix “FE,” Exhibit 46.) At the meeting of the board, the minutes of which are given in full in Appendix “E,” Exhibit 46, the Edison Company proposals were con- sidered, and a resolution was presented which called for a recommendation to the city that the service of the New York Edison Company be installed in the several buildings for the purpose of a trial for the period of one year. It was decided by a vote of 4 to 2 that the proposed resolution was not an expression of the view of the board nor warranted by the facts determined by the test. At the same time, it was voted that the tentative report which had been presented in galley form, be adopted as offered, subject to correc- tion of typographical errors and the completion of unfinished parts; that all those in dissent therewith be privileged to express that dissent and enter a minority statement; that those voting for the adoption of the report be privileged to submit, if they desired, a statement explaining their vote; and that the completion of the report should be left in the hands of the Bureau of Municipal Research with the understanding that the members of the board should bring any errors to the attention of the Bureau for correction. After considerable discussion of the affidavits presented by the Edison Company, particularly with reference to the proposal to operate the city plant by a private company, and the question of the so-called municipal rates, a resolution was adopted to the effect that the committee of engineers recom- mended to the president of the Borough of Manhattan and the department of water supply, gas and electricity, a consideration of the expediency or in- expediency of the installation of the service of the New York Edison Com- pany both for steam and electric current in the Hall of Records and other buildings in City Hall Park, and that the facts and data of the Hall of Records report, as well as the conditions of operation, the changes in public service rates that have developed since the close of the test, and the proposal made by the New York Edison Company, be taken into account. Immediately after the meeting of the board of engineers, under date of May 8, 1916 (see Exhibit 46), Mr. Arthur Williams, of the Edison Company, transmitted to the chairman of the board of engineers copies of the resigna- tion of two members of the board representing the Edison Company. In these letters claims were made that misstatements of fact were present in the proof of the report, that it was apparently the intention of those in charge of the report to carry these misstatements into the finished record, that the board had refused to comply with the contract under which the test was 156 undertaken, and that the treatment accorded the Edison Company repre- sentatives at the last meeting of the board had not been proper. Notice was also given that the firm of Haskins & Sells, certified public accountants, had been retained to analyze the test and report upon the actual cost of the service to the city during the year 1913. In answer to these allegations, a reply was made by the chairman of the board on May 25, 1916 (see Exhibit 46), in which attention was called to the fact that the manuscripts for which the Edison Company representatives were responsible, as well as practically all of those prepared and submitted by the representatives of the city and others, had been submitted to Mr. Bolton before they were placed in type, and upon his suggestion numerous corrections and alterations were made which were included in the printed proof. The chairman also stated that he was present throughout the meet- ing, and so far as he knew there was nothing said or done to which the Edison Company representatives could take exception, except that the other members refused to agree with them and did not support their motions. On May 29th a third communication was sent to the board of estimate and apportionment for their information, containing copies of all corre- spondence which had been exchanged between the chairman of the board of engineers and the Edison Company since March 17th, together with a copy of the minutes of the last meeting of the board (Exhibit 46). Subsequent to the above communication, the Haskins & Sells report was completed and presented to the chairman of the board for examination. Further correspondence also took place. Copies of both the report and the correspondence will be found in Appendix “ E,” Exhibits 47 and 48. 157 SECTION 10 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS OF THE TEST BY THE ENGINEERING COUNSEL OF THE CITY AND THE EDISON COMPANY During the discussions in the board of engineers while the facts provable by tests were generally accepted by all members, radical disagree- ments developed between engineering representatives of the city and those of the Edison Company in the interpretation of the results and in the draw- ing of conclusions from them. In other words, the net result of the meet- ings was a deadlock between the interested parties. On October 10, 1914, at a meeting of the full board it was decided that the two interested parties should be given an opportunity to withdraw their preliminary briefs and to submit finished briefs which would set forth their best professional views in final form. With this in view, Mr. Bolton and Mr. Goodrich as representatives of the two interested parties were ap- pointed a committee to put the fact report and the controversial matter into the best possible form for publication. The results of their discussion of the distribution of the prime costs and the items which go to make up overhead costs of the various services rendered by the Hall of Records as finally submitted, generally took the form of opposing briefs, as it was found that they could not agree on most items. The various subjects covered are classified in this report as follows: A—Supervision 1. Brief on departmental and bureau supervision, by R. P. Bolton, dated March 13, 1914. 2. Brief on departmental and bureau supervision and costs, by R. P. Bolton, dated June 13, 1914. 3. Memorandum concerning charges for bureau and departmental supervision over Hall of Records plant, by E. P. Goodrich. B—Interest and Depreciation 1. Memorandum on proposed method of determining yearly charges for depreciation and other similar items on the Hall of Records, by E. P. Goodrich, dated April 30, 1914. 2. Comments on memorandum by Mr. E. P. Goodrich, by E. F. Tweedy. 3. Addendum to the memorandum by E. P. Goodrich of April 30th, by E. P. Goodrich, dated June 8, 1914. C—Brooklyn Bridge Service 1. Memorandum concerning the adjustment with reference to rebate from Brooklyn Bridge excess cost by E. P. Goodrich, dated September 25, 1915. 158 D—Cost of Connections to Other Buildings This subject was eliminated from discussion by agreement. E—Water 1. Brief on cost of water by R. P. Bolton, dated June 13, 1914. 2. Memorandum concerning proposition to make charge for water consumed in Hall of Records plant, by E. P. Goodrich. F—Taxes 1. Brief on taxes as an item of cost in the generation of electrical energy in the Hall of Records, by E. F. Tweedy. 2. Brief on loss in taxes sustained by the City of New York through operation of the electric generating plant in the Hall of Records build- ing during the year 1913, by E. F. Tweedy, dated February 9, 1914. G—Rental Value of Space 1. Memorandum on rental value of space, by E. P. Goodrich. 2. Memorandum on value of space in the cellar of the Hall of Rec- ords Building, by E. F. Tweedy, dated January 17, 1914. H—Labor 1. Memorandum concerning the question of distribution of labor and personnel in connection with the heating and lighting of the Hall of Rec- ords and adjacent buildings were electric power or steam or both to be purchased, by E. P. Goodrich. 2. Brief on comparative labor costs, by R. P. Bolton, dated June 10, 1914. 3. Comments on brief on comparative labor costs, submitted by R. P. Bolton, by E. P. Goodrich. 159 A—SUPERVISION 1—ON DEPARTMENTAL AND BUREAU SUPERVISION By R. P. Bo.ton March 13, 1914. The accounts of the President of the Borough of Manhattan in the annual statement of the Comptroller for the year 1913, rendered available information for determining the proportion of the costs of supervision, both departmental and bureau. From this statement, the items relating to both subjects have been taken, being in every instance those which have actually been paid out under warrants by the City Chamberlain. I—Departmental Supervision Departmental supervision consists of expenditures upon administrative or executive salaries, and should include the office supplies, the transporta- tion, telephone, and other costs which accompany official duties in directing the work of the bureaus of the department. The salaries paid, exclusive of the elective official, were...... $130,549 .00 The total disbursements, inclusive of all salaries and expenses WEL cekc gk eee Wied Bow Wak eA Eee a eG el ews 185,060.00 Details of these disbursements are given in Schedule “ A.” The work of the department of the President of the Borough of Manhattan is carried on by four bureaus—(1) Care of Public Buildings and Offices, (2) Bureau of Highways, (3) Bureau of Sewers, and (4) Bureau of Design, etc. The total expenditures by these four bureaus, amounted. tO i. cece aise ees SA eee SRS ee alco die Sb miale de $2,457,848 .00 The details of these expenditures are given in Schedule “ B.” The salaries of the department, exclusive of that of the Borough President, are therefore 5.3 per cent. upon the expenditures of the depart- ment. The total costs of administration are an addition of slightly over 714 per cent. to the expenditures of the bureaus. II—Bureau Superintendence The operation of the Bureau of Public Buildings and Offices, under which the operation of the Hall of Records power plant is conducted, in- volves executive supervision and direction, the expenditures for which are given in detail in the accompanying Schedule “CC.” The salaries paid for personal services of executive character, which comprise the direction of the operation of the bureau, were................ 0 cece e ee $18,358.80 Other expenses shown in Schedule “C” bring the cost of this S€rvice tks headew ned Sciam ew eae ee eb 5 GE ae eae 23,983.40 The rest of the expenditures of the bureau comprise per- sonal services of employees, or labor, and the supplies and re- pairs, etc., of the buildings under the charge of the bureau, as summarized in Schedule “ G” hereto appended. The total disbursements in 1913 were................... $647,512.98 160 The various items composing the expenditures are given in detail in Schedules “FE,” “F” and “G.” The accounts comprise personal services, that is, salaries and wages, supplies, purchase of equipment, materials and repairs. The proportion which the costs of supervision, as apportioned in the accounts presented by the Comptroller, varies on each of the accounts of expenditures as shown in Schedule “D.” It will be observed that the percentage of superintendence cost is very high upon purchases of equipment, and upon contracts for repairs, the relation being nearly 16 per cent., and 7% per cent., respectively. These figures can be checked by reference to the City Record of February 27, 1914,* in which the annual financial statement is published. Adopting the department’s figures, the proper percentage to be applied to each item entering into the cost of the operation of the Hall of Records power plant during the period of the test, would be as follows: J—DEPARTMENTAL SUPERVISION On general costs of labor, materials and repairs: Salaries Only wiecanieoravisdaswenstsuetieat seaweed eaters 5.3% All -eXpenditures:. o5.40 scare cee eeecines saareu ee awkeaiees 7.5% On labor sieges wie deere hen cedoms eee tesa die ene 3.45% On) supplies” wn. 2d seayoeewea ahs ta Real ee Ga awa owned Beetles 1.57% On purchases of equipment.............. cece eee es 15.92% On contract or service repairs. ........ eee cece eee ees 7.5 % Or, average on all expenditures.......... cece cece eee ees 3.7 %, *(See supplement of City Record.) 161 SCHEDULE “A” PRESIDENT OF THE BoroucH oF MANHATTAN ADMINISTRATION Various Accounts PERSONAL SERVICES Account No. 2698 EE RECUEIY Ces tt Teeeet decir neyeiceel aka hassel he oa Del $81,388. 2699 Engineering supervision.................0.. 22,900. 2700 Audit and accounts..............0..0.00 00s 33,761. 2701 Purchase and storage of supplies....... sista 8,775. SUPPLIES 2748 Office supplies—executive.......... oo capsaiee 7,498. 2757 General plant supplies..................... 678. 2762 Office equipment—purchase of equipment... . 1,451. 2773 Motor vehicles and equipment...... ....... 5,392. CONTRACT OR OPEN ORDER SERVICE 2778 General Plant equipment................... 1,884. 2796 Géneral repairsy.s. fe eth d Sock Se eres ees 435. 2811 Storage of motor vehicles................... 1,850. 2814 Catfareins caucinncaniet? ahelecleadiand Lyenee oe 7,076. 2818 Velephones so 44.4 caceteeds Ae etevag eaeds fae 8,623. 2820 Telegrams, cable and messenger............. 60. 2821 (General plants: wc esos ee og ee Ge ats 343, 2823 Motor vehicle repairs...................04. 1,769 2825 Contingencies... 0.0.0.0... 0. cc eee 1,177 $185,060. SCHEDULE “B” PRESIDENT OF THE BorouGH OF MANHATTAN Totals of Various Accounts PersOmal: SERVICE: iG: aveeo sien sheraesodie els See a emcees eel atses $1,675,128 .91 SUpphtes: -t2ysienveresiawinssaceas eles adie waver sence 64,957.99 Purchase of equipment............cc cece eee c cence neces 27,810.07 Materials: ksberes nue tonch iw ataeese Scare wae yaaa 72,125.28 Contract or open order service........ 0... eee eee eee ee 617,825 .97 Tgtal wis endo ureaehosennGtakemse $2,457,848.22 162 SCHEDULE “C” CaRE oF Pusitic BUILDINGS AND OFFICES Warrants Paid by Chamberlain (Year 1913) Personal Service Account No. Heading Amount 2711 EXCGUUIVES oi qe¢ebacend d4iddnot swe ee $18,358.80 Total for personal service............-. $18,358.80 SUPPLIES 2750 Executive... 0.0.0.0 cece cee eee ee $623.28 Total for supplies...... ..........000. $623.28 PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT 2764 ExX€CULIVE:: dics oon hae Mee eed eee $1,301.21 Total for purchase of equipment........ $1,301.21 MATERIALS CONTRACT OR OPEN ORDER SERVICE 2816 ExXeCUtivieniolcoce att ee ean eae Read $802.86 2822 EXCCUtIVEs nS aie GaSb wheelie a eee ees aeoleee 8 2,897.25 Total for contract or open service...... $3,700.11 SCHEDULE “D” CaRE OF Pusiic BUILDINGS AND OFFICES Warrants Paid by Chamberlain (Year 1913) Executive Account Expenditure} Charges | Per Cent. of in Dollars Dollars Expenditures Personal service. ............. $531,503.24 | $18,358.80 3.45 Suppliésicvcccusieees. tke ees 39,665.85 623.28 1.57 Purchase of equipment......... 8,172.45 1,301.21 15.92 Materials: 2... ccs cee eas 18,673.57 | .....000.. Selo Contract or open order service..} 49,497.88 3,700.11 7.50 $647,512.98 | $23,983.40 3.70 163 SCHEDULE “E” CarE OF PUBLIC Warrants Paid by BUILDINGS AND OFFICES Chamberlain (Year 1913) Personal Service Account No. Heading Subheading Amount 2712 Repairing. . ...... Office buildings........... $4,837.50 2713 Repairing. . ...| Baths and comfort stations 4,000.00 2714 Janitorial service. Office buildings..... ..... 102,979.11 2715 Janitorial service. Baths and comfort stations} 135,199.36 2716 Heat, light and power Office buildings. . 6,175.00 2717 Heat, light and power] Baths and comfort stations 5,772.64 2723 Janitorial service....| Baths and comfort stations} 10,386.96 2728 Repairing... ..... Office buildings........... 31,055.46 2729 Repairing. ...... Baths and comfort stations} 21,441.12 2730 Janitorial service... .} Office buildings........... 74,708.69 2731 Janitorial service. ...| Baths and comfort stations] .......... 2732 Heat, light and power| Office buildings..... ..... 54,196.26 2733 Heat, light and power| Baths and comfort stations] 72,629.82 2740 Repairing. ....... Office buildings........... 3,227.50 2741 Repairing... ...... Baths and comfort stations 3,592.00 2742 Heat, light and power] Office buildings........... 492.75 2743 Heat, light and power! Baths and comfort stations 809.07 Total for Personal Account......... 0 ....... $531,503.24 SCHEDULE “F” CarE OF PuBLIC BUILDINGS AND OFFICES Warrants Paid by Chamberlain (Year 1913) Supplies Account No. Heading Subheading Amount 2746 Fuel supplies...... Office buildings........... $19,496.82 2747 Fuel supplies........ Baths and comfort stations] 16,183.45 2753 Janitorial service. ...| Office buildings........... 2,304.89 2754 Janitorial service. ...| Baths and comfort stations 1,680.68 Total for Supplies... ................000. $39,665. 84 164 Purchase of Equipment A : ‘ ot Heading Subheading Amount 2765 Repairing.......... Office buildings........... $554.39 2766 Repairing.......... Baths and comfort stations 271.35 2767 Janitorial service... .| Office buildings........... 27.00 2768 || Janitorial service....| Baths and comfort stations] .......... 2776 Repairing. . ...... Office buildings........... 500.00 2777 Repairing. ..... Baths and comfort stations 256.48 2783 Repairing... ...... Office buildings......... 971.36 2784 Repairing... .. ...| Baths and comfort stations 615.28 2785 Janitorial service. Office buildings......... 1,115.64 2786 Janitorial service. Baths and comfort stations 564.73 2787 Heat, light and power Office buildings........... 999.04 2788 Heat, light and power| Baths and comfort stations 697.18 Total for Purchase of Equipment.......... $8,172.45 SCHEDULE “G” Care oF Pustic BUILDINGS AND OFFICES Warrants Paid by Chamberlain—(Year 1913) Materials Account : ' No, Heading Subheading Amount 2792 Repairing........... | Office buildings....... .| $7,406.35 2793 | Repairing........... Baths and comfort stations.| 4,838.18 2794 Heat, light and power.| Office buildings. ....... 3,235.74 2795 Heat, light and power.} Baths and comfort stations.| 3,193.30 Total for material ..... .................. $18,673.57 Contract or Open Order Service 2805 Repairing... ....... Office buildings. . , $23,529.18 2806 Repairing........... Baths and comfort stations. 21,200.83 2810 Repairing... ....... Office buildings... .... 4,767 .87 Total for contract or open order service.... .| $49,497.88 Summary Personalservices 2: ia zens ops Blee Gare ha lw Sed Biedccle ge eRe 4 $531,503.24 SU p Plies i ee ti coke aitsetdetntteh A ek oes a> Sen ated vacreen cee RR 39,665 . 84 Purchase of equipment.............0 2. ee eee nee 8,172.45 IMPS HEPA) Sipe dene cole tee eia he Bah Adon aie Bid mi aemcns tote tliat ins AS A he 18,673.57 Contract or open order service... 0.0... 000 cee ee ees 49,497 .88 $647,512. 98 165 2—ON DEPARTMENTAL AND BUREAU SUPERVISION AND COSTS By R. P. Botton June 13, 1914. ltem No. 8 in the progress report of Professor Diederichs related to the cost of superintendence and noted that no agreement had been reached by the subcommittee and that the matter was referred back by them to the Board of Engineers. The point of view which has been advanced by Mr. Goodrich on this subject is that the expenditures of the President of the Borough of Man- hattan, through the administration of the several departments under his charge, are not affected by the amount of money expended upon this plant and will be the same whether this plant is in operation or not. The same point of view is expressed as regards the expenditures of the Bureau of Public Buildings and Offices upon its executive and administrative opera- tions. This view is erroneous from several points of view and a proper proportion of the cost of departmental and bureau supervision should be applied to the cost of operation of the power plant, and a less proportion to the reduced expenditures which will prevail after the elimination of the power plant. In the first place, as I pointed out in my memorandum on this subject, of March 13, 1914, under the terms of the agreement upon which this Board of Engineers has been acting, and upon which the conditions of the test were established, it was agreed that due account would be taken in ascertaining the costs of services rendered by the plant of “the expenses involved in superintendence, including a proper proportion of the cost of departmental supervision.” As regards the view advanced, that these departmental and bureau exec- utive costs will not be changed by the continuance or discontinuance of the operation of the generating plant in the Hall of Records, I would point out that the question we are considering is not one that is confined to the Hall of Records, but involves the policy of the City in the establishment of such plants, as well as their maintenance. It must be clear that some por- tion of the executive force and a related proportion of office and other ex- penses is involved in the supervision of the operation of this and other power plants. Every subtraction from the work of this bureau should properly result in a reduction of its expenses if the principles of economy preached by the present administration are to be carried into effect. That any addition of work of this nature to the duties of the bureau is accompanied by an increase of its expenditures is shown by the result of adding to its duties the care of the Municipal Building. Since this work was undertaken by the bureau, several increases of the executive force have been made and several increases of salaries have been authorized. In the memorandum which I presented on this subject on March 13th, 166 I gave the details of the expenditures for the year 1913, upon the salaries and expenses of the President of the Borough of Manhattan, and also those of the bureau of public buildings and offices, and I further presented a summarization of the general expenditures by both the President of the Borough and the bureau. Mr. Goodrich has since then made a statement that expenditures were made by both the department and the bureau upon contract work covered by corporate stock issues and entered under another account. I have examined the statement of the comptroller for the year 1913 and find that Mr. Goodrich is correct in his assertion. The effect of the ad- dition of these expenditures to those presented in my memorandum would be to reduce the percentage which the executive and office expenditures bear to the total. I wish to point out, however, that of the corporate stock issues for 1913, on account of work carried out by the President of the Borough of Manhattan, 85 per cent was for repaving of streets, which is a special and not a usual rate of expenditure. The figures are as fol- lows: Total warrants paid, ‘corporate stock account............ $3,157,530 For repaving streets, included in the above............ 2,618,771 Expenditures of or through the bureau of public build- ings and offices, included in the above............ 180,342 Referring back to my memorandum, it will be found that the dis- bursements of the department, other than corporate stock, amounted 10). csioptviesee ashi eenetia yew erare Pee Sree ceey se ees $2,457,848 The salaries, office expenses, etc., amounted to........ 185,060 If the entire corporate stock and other disbursements are related to the latter figure, the proportionate percentage will be 3.29 per cent. I sub- mit, however, that the item of repaving streets should be wholly or in great part eliminated. As regards the bureau of public buildings and offices, the total ex- penditures for the year 1913, other than corporate stock, amounted HOO wa ct ogee cid sg ee de actu char oS eGaagn sidan eaanse ease aaa tae cuaeo $647,512 Adding the corporate stock expenditures above referred to, Oss ecco caves aeuceehtiere tears ASR een data Gales ini tne enaeeee mean eres 180,342, the (Otal DECOMES occnwaveceneuranceeed cudemainaeebaetard«: 827 854 The executive charges and expenses, as recorded in the city chambeéerlain's accoulits were’ occcaxncce ta aces ase ummaveawas ena 23,983 this being 2.89 per cent of the total disbursements. I do not know whether the corporate stock issues in this instance are normal or unusual for the year in question. The percentages when ascertained are cumulative, and thus the total of the two, as above stated, would be 6.18 per cent on all expenditures for labor, supplies, materials and repairs. 167 3—MEMORANDUM CONCERNING CHARGES FOR BUREAU AND DEPARTMENTAL SUPERVISION OVER HALL OF RECORDS PLANT By E. P. Goopricu Much time has been spent and several memoranda submitted upon the general subject of “the expenses involved in superintendence, including a proper proportion of the cost of departmental supervision,” which item was included among those upon which it was agreed, under date of June 3rd, that account should be taken in the computation of the costs of oper- ating the Hall of Records plant for one year. It was also agreed that as between the cost of operation of the plant as it existed, and the esti- mated cost to the city of all operations as modified, i. e., were electricity to be purchased from a public service corporation,—only those items should be included in which a “‘difference” could exist, that difference being the real objective in each case. The problem as to supervision then really reduces itself to one of finding the method which should be employed in measuring the quantities involved. Two such methods have been suggested— (a) Determination of the value of the time which might be saved by the several individuals who exercise superintending and supervisory control over the plant, both directly and indirectly. (b) The application of the same percentage figure to estimated costs of operation under the assumed conditions, and to the costs of plant oper- ation actually found during the test, such percentage figure being derived by dividing the salaries and office expenses of supervising officials by the total moneys expended under their control in the several offices involved. It must be obvious to anyone who takes thought of the matter that there could be absolutely no change in the personnel and the actual sal- aries paid and supplies purchased in the general administrative offices of the Borough of Manhattan, were electricity and even steam to be secured from outside sources instead of being generated in the Hall of Records plant. Again, while there may be some justice in the claim that the bor- ough officials might be called upon to spend very slightly less time gener- ally supervising the Hall of Records were power and steam purchased, it is obvious that extra time would be involved on the part of the officials in the department of water supply, gas and electricity in connection with the contracting for, metering of, and checking of vouchers and bills for pur- chased electricity and steam. As far as can be determined, the reduction on the one hand will be fully compensated by the increased supervision required in the other department. In the same sense, were the percentage method to be employed, some percentage should be applied to the salaries and supplies used in the ad- ministrative offices of the department of water supply, gas and electricity, and a proper proportion charged against the supervision of purchase and measurement of electricity and steam secured to take the place of that gen- erated in the Hall of Records plant. It is believed further, however, that a strict adherence to the dictum of “difference” would apply this percent- 168 age figure (if used) only to the difference in total costs of operation of the plant under the actual and assumed conditions, inserting the result in the proper credit or debit column of each balance as it may be found to apply. Even in the effort to apply this percentage method, material difficulty has developed. A voluminous report, prepared by the consulting engineer of the Edison Company, is before the board as to salaries and payments made on behalf of the Borough of Manhattan, which information was se- cured from the annual statement of the comptroller for the year 1913. It should be observed, however, that the distribution of accounts maintained by the comptroller is different from that employed in the auditor’s office of the Borough of Manhattan. The method followed in the comptroller’s report is based entirely on budget requirements and is followed by the bor- ough authorities through the year only so far as is found convenient. Wherever men have been assigned to a certain budget line they are rarely transferred to another line, even though the work they are actually doing is radically changed, so long as it is at all comparable in nature with that of the line to which charge is made. On the other hand, the borough accounts show on what items men are actually working. As far as the salary schedule is concerned, these facts may explain some of the discrep- ancies between the report mentioned above and the figures submitted by the borough auditor. The former report has included certain items for supplies and other expenses which are not included in the table supplied by the borough auditor’s office. On the other hand, it has entirely omitted all expen- ditures paid from corporate stock accounts which have been made under the borough and bureau administrations. As seen by the following table, these corporate stock figures are considerable and materially modify the percentage submitted by the first mentioned report. The data secured from the auditing division of the Borough of Man- hattan concerning expenditures for purely administrative purposes in the bureau of public buildings and offices which has practical supervision over the Hall of Records and its operation, and in the Borough of Manhattan, are as follows: Borough Adminis- Public Buildings tration Above and Offices Public Buildings and Offices Budget expense. .. .......... $813,667 .93 $2,464,894 .87 Corporate stock vouchers...... 238,925.00 3,489,710.58 TPotalsscesa%< seg: eee avy $1,052,592 .93 $5,954,605 .45 Administration salaries..... ines 40,055.85 152,866.06 Per cent. for administration..... 3.80 2.56 al Otalt xsi soadn anes eee 6.36 per cent. 169 It is obviously unjust to apply this percentage figure to the costs of operating the Hall of Records plant with or without the purchase of out- side electricity and debit the difference against cost of plant operation, un- less a comparable percentage figure deduced from the records of the de- partment of water supply, gas and electricity is applied to the cost of the electricity which would be handled under its supervision. A determination of this percentage is much more difficult than was the one for the Borough of Manhattan, since the general administrative charges of the department of water supply, gas and electricity must first be distributed between the di- visions of water supply and of illumination in an equitable proportion, and then those in the bureau of illumination must be distributed between gen- eral purchase and supervision of city light and other miscellaneous activ- ities. With reference to general overhead charge in that department, the assumption has been made that the distribution of administrative costs should be in the proportion of collections for water service and of payments made for electricity and gas. To this quantity has been added the cost of administration in the division of illumination, power and heat control, and the total thus derived divided by the total value of service purchased in order to secure the required ratio. This figure is found to be approxi- mately 10 per cent. The percentage derived in this manner should then be applied to the estimated cost of power to be purchased were the Hall of Records plant shut down in whole or in part. The detail is given in the appended table, taken from the report of the department for the year 1913. It should be noted that this percentage is 50 per cent larger than that deduced for the Borough of Manhattan, so that the percentage method when applied consistently to the problem would show increased costs of supervision in connection with the purchase of outside power when com- pared with its generation in the Hall of Records plant. Had the same method been used in determining the percentage for administrative supervision in the department of water supply, gas and elec- tricity, as we used in reference to the offices of the Borough of Manhattan, the percentage deduced would have been slightly over 12 per cent. Because of the difficulty of arriving at any just comparison, it is rec- ommended that this matter of cost of administration be entirely ignored by the board in its computations, TABLE OF ADMINISTRATIVE Costs IN DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY, GAS AND ELECTRICITY Administration— Personal service sects satiaruadarwseetadeaeah tone $191,997 .00 Supplies, ete: ..uciee swede iesiweaimase seeds 41,096.40 TOtal: scidiies ven Bane Meee eat $233,093.40 Net revenue from water service..........sseceeceeceuees $12,753,050.00 Disbursements for serviceS.......... cece cece eee ee eens 4,688,872 .00 Corporate stock expenditures.......... 0. e cece ee eee . 2,651,509.81 Total service rendered......... cece cee eee ee eens $20,093,431.81 Per cent of administration chargeable to purchased service— 4,688,872 .00 —————— equals 23.4 per cent. 20,093,431 .81 : Administration costs chargeable to purchased service— 23.4 per cent x 233,093.40 equals $54,550.00 BureEAU oF ILLUMINATION, PowER AND HEaT ContTROL Personal service, Supplies, tC. ...2va+ 74021202006 = 269,000 h. p. hrs. 18 h. p. (friction) for 1,432.79 hours..... = 25,800 h. p. hrs. Total indicated horse-power............ = 294,800 h. p. hrs. The heat equivalent of 294,800 h. p. hrs..= 2,545 X 294,800 = 748,000,000 B.T.U.’s. (2) In the same way, the indicated work of No. 4 unit is equal to 325,220 h.-p.-hrs. or 828,000,000 B.T.U.’s. (3) No. 2 unit supplied 265,311 kw. hrs. in 4,045.34 hours at 65.6% rated load. The generator efficiency at 65.6% rating is 88% The friction horse-power is 12.80. Hence— 265,011 ko. hits. <- 88%: > 746. 2.0 ces = 408,000 h.-p.-hrs. 12.8 h.-p. (friction) for 4,045.34 hours. . 51,800 h.-p.-hrs. The total indicated horse-power........ 459,800 h.-p.-hrs. Heat eqitivalént is...s00-acceceererway = 1,170,000,000 B.T.U.’s. (4) No. 3 unit supplied 62,665 k. w. hrs. in 1,632.59 hours at 76.8% rating. The generator efficiency at 76.8% rating is 88%. The friction load of engine is 6.8 h.-p. Hence— 62,665 lew. hits. 88% > A496) occ aee se 95,500 h.-p.-hrs. Total indicated horse-power............. 106,600 h.-p.-hrs. 6.8 h.-p. (friction) for 1,632.59 hours.... = 11,100 h.-p.-hrs. Pleat cquivalett ..ncrnceteerus reaarewed = 271,400,000 B.T.U.’s. S Py tii Yd s | PP Ey H BEECEEEE EE Piya | Sa abo 4 0 -000-ies a3 =a , peepee suaaehaeeeE tora + = 4—}—|—+ Hn ro i 14 pt tt ; met -ttsttp+t tad i. eauecennns Jt ree pr erica Sere fe ptt te yet ee Pore tes tT force ot t : i +4 tt jo. ne se see at pode toh 4 , oe <7 nae aan [aRese Bae Wt : Py yy aa Bo fore Pat REE Ree Rawee: Sd bag bags + pee ene aes po ' a . Serie eat TL Set to poe ss +t , Popa ta a ee AC HY Ae HHH . Yt HH rey try 4 BER BeReesee + ee | | CCRC ra COCA ig ae COASTAL DU Petty ttt \ T HHH EEE ae ett te 4 Ee { St cre a T ie Tf 4 Py tT Terr AA} Tt Pie NTT PP ' SAY Trey PET y ty Ty [ ca = hes | bo dat af a ct - titi riidwt if Pp ed eo ee raat if Cont CEH nae pt mat 4 + i \ tl beet ptt et po pee gi 1 hod 5 ' 4 % oR Oe oe ae on eh SiGe RO a a ae fe Ga a a : : oy y y rt pitt miles cf a se Peers re iat thet tote t ater - HE ror ot RSS ich pectesenyet dee es = auee = .eeee =e Ye edt rt ——t fie Sebeslee a2 --4-----t it ee ed Cr es Pere Le NP el TTEOTAL: LXHRAVSTED av PEAT f EEK. Ld I ' bog ee: } Wee i PCARESE SAAR ee tt aH py tpi Ltt ptt ra Pat | 06,0 16 LBS GF Lixh AUS") i Pei trey te cee st tt tt tt on Sak 2eese as deb ay he = 1007600 TSS, OF VET fap ee tt a tf 7 {+ ¥ | i Ty 4 \ mi fog SR i Tt PRLUSRER RAS Se ae “ cara i 4 IHSEEEEEY Fe a oe Se get PLAS THR VE CONSE er Ne a it Ad Ve BL oe fC SE re ii it i Fete i . beat tit ry fap pat ti ay pice bt bt Li Pree eet 255 (5) Total indicated work in heat units— Unit, NO Wags ieacneqeateeeceevouents 748,000,000 B.T.U.’s Wii IN Os 4s ai ered ceeeaurscanmerass 828,000,000 B.T.U.’s WE NGe 2s ere carcersteaine em aieitecesk 1,170,000,000 B.T.U.’s Wat: INGOs Sacccrsonacainie sieved socis 271,400,000 B.T.U.’s Total) ns. csevieshiceutietia 3,017,400,000 B.T.U.’s One pound of saturated steam at an initial pressure of 90 Ibs. per square inch gauge contains 1,187 B.T.U.’s and a pound at exhaust pressure of 2 Ibs. per square inch gauge has only 1,153 B.T.U.’s. Therefore, in every pound of steam passing through the engine cylinders, there are 34 heat units available for reducing the condensation due to other causes. Hence, the heat causing re-evaporation is 34, multiplied by the actual weight of steam used: Measured steam to engines............ 36,273,352 Ibs. Corrected steam to engines............ 34,000,000 Ibs. Heat supplied by drop in pressure...... = 34 X 34,000,000 = 1,156,000,000 B.T.U.’s. Heat supplied by condensation: A Indicated work .............. 3,017,400,000 B.T.U.’s ‘Float GxCOSS: siaicc tee esc aie eb athe 1,156,000,000 B.T.U.’s Condensation heat ............ 1,861,400,000 B.T.U.’s Assuming that each pound of steam condensed gives up 970 heat units, the total condensation produced will be 1,861,400,000 + 970 = 1,920,000 Ibs. Determination of Radiation Drip Radiation loss, resulting in the condensation of otherwise useful steam, yecurs whenever the steam comes in contact with the walls of the cylinders. The amount of loss depends upon the material and extent of wall surface, the temperature difference, the time of exposure and convection. For convenience, a unit has been adopted, called for lack of a better term, a “ Surface-Hour.” It is a function of the condensation caused by the reat lost from one square foot of outside surface in one hour and is obtained xy multiplying the time of operation of a unit by the outside cylinder surface. The time of operation of the engine was taken directly from the operat- ng data and the cylinder surface was measured roughly, giving the engine surface-hours with reasonable accuracy. There was no record of pump operation, so the operating time can mly be approximated. The following method seems to be the most rational : From observation, the maximum time of service per day or week, is cnown roughly, for each unit. This maximum is assumed to occur with 256 maximum steam consumption, and, further, the time of operation is directly proportional to the amount of steam used each week. From this approximate time and the outside cylinder surface, the surface-hours of each unit, and finally, for the whole plant was determined. This method is undoubtedly crude, but it will tend to minimize the pump exposure, so is perhaps as acceptable as can be devised. The surface-hours so obtained must be multiplied by constants to give the condensation produced. The engine cylinders appear to be as hot as bare steam pipe, so it is evident that the rate of heat transmission is approxi- mately the same as was assumed for the exposed pipe surface, 7. ¢., 0.8 Ibs. per surface-hour. The pump cylinders are much cooler, but not so cool as covered pipe, and a rate of 0.5 lbs. has been decided upon. The determination shows that the engines had 371,650 surface-hours during the year. Hence: 0.8 X 371,650 = 297,320 Ibs. of drip were produced in this way. The determination of the pump surface-hours is only an approximation and takes no account of the time throttle valves were leaking or when more than the average number of pumps were in service. For instance, at times four return pumps, three elevator pumps or two vacuum pumps were in service, but the computations admitted of normal conditions only. The calculations show 1,144,300 surface-hours, and to this has been added arbi- trarily 300,000, or about 25 per cent., to cover the error. The pump surface- hours are, therefore, 1,444,300, and with the above rate the condensation produced is 0.5 X 1,444,300 = 722,150 Ibs. Tue Tora RapraTion Drip FoRMED IN CYLINDERS ESGAHOS!, csisicrsss aie ciavarsehetena Gealauass tei tansuaaes 297,320 Ibs. Pumps) As. Sts isi eatew a ema aees 722,150 Ibs. DOtalh ieee dead tineae tase tne hens 1,019,470 Ibs. DETERMINATION OF LEAKAGE FROM ExuHaust SYSTEM The foul drip line was in bad condition during the latter part of the test and was renewed immediately after. The effect on the foul drip measurements was noted at the time, but was put down as meter error, and several calibrations were made in an endeavor to evaluate the latter. The foul drip measurements show a sudden decrease during the last five weeks of the Test, whereas they should be on the increase at this time for more feed water was being heated and there were more units in service. This is shown strikingly on the curve of net foul drip plotted against the weeks of the test. The equation of foul drip determined in connection with the line condensation gives approximately the foul drip produced during these weeks. The difference between these values and actual measured quantities represents leakage. The leakage each week is shown in the table below: 257 Foul Drip Foul Drip Week No. Computed Measured Leakage EB cas eaie dwar caves 275,100 lbs. 137,535 Ibs. 138,565 lbs. Lo aside Satter Gate hentian ci 250,800 ‘ 89,564 *“ 161,236 “ Hs naw senna a 242,600 “ 22,218 “ 220,382 “ iss seageacceke 256,000 “ fin * 248,279 YZ. uate stage eaves 307,300 ‘ 101,868 “ 205,432 “ Drip leakages) s..s2s902eese0ed 973,895 lbs. It is evident that, although the weekly leakages are liable to error, the -otal is not far from correct since the curve values represent average condi- tions rather closely. At any rate, this represents a decidedly minimum value decause the normal leakage occurring during the remainder of the year has not been considered. With reference to the “ Foul Drip Leakage ” diagram (Plate 20), it has been suggested that the part of the curves which best coincide covers a period of the test when the weekly average feed temperature was below the year’s normal. Assuming the period of best coincidence of computed and metered foul irip to extend from the 31st to the 42d weeks, inclusive, it is found that the average feed water temperature for the period is 196.8°, or precisely 1° less than the average for the full year. The feed water being at a lower than average temperature would in- crease the range through which the water was heated by one additional degree. The steam condensed would thus be increased about one sixty-fifth and the net foul drip diminished accordingly. Furthermore, since the period of best coincidence has not been used in any part of the analysis, no material error is believed to exist in the analysis. Vapor Loss From the Foul Drip Tank The foul drip in most part is trapped from the exhaust system at the muffler tank and feed water heater and carried by a short line to the vented tank. The average back pressure is between 2.5 and 3.0 lbs. gauge, 30 the drip is discharged at a temperature of about 222° F. Therefore, using the method employed in the clean drip analysis, the vapor loss is as follows: W = 16,529,000 Ibs. of Foul Drip. Tw=212° F. Ts = 222° F. (16,529,000 + x) 222—16,529,000 x 212970 x 748x = 165,290,000 = 221,000 No radiation loss is considered, as the line is short and the vaporization occurs before any appreciable amount of heat can be lost. * 258 The total leakage and unmeasured portion of the foul drip is then: Drip leakage: sos cccisscataieien acre. oria-nieneeasv 973,895 Ibs. Wea pot TOSS: aicisssevaielnia Gussendsontteaeiecnaseaiel a tie 221,000 Ibs. SOBA esasch penance Sees Sadie ahaedicesavseatsaneeeed 1,194,895 Ibs. Summary OF Fou, Drip ANALYSIS Feed water heating............ 2.0 ccs eee e cece een eecees 5,367,500 lbs. Line condensation ......... 0. cc cece ccc cee eee ee cer ences 4,420,000 Ibs. Engitie- work dripiesses cece taceenceeas ooedwdsaseseaws 1,920,000 -Ibs. RACGP ecu lceag nce Miaee aie aalewe manne EIsne nt 1,019,470 Ibs. Total accountéd f6f.s.000n¢cs0esee0s0enev anes 12,726,970 Ibs. Foul drip as measured......... 0... cece eee e eee cere eens 16,529,256 Ibs. Leakage anid 108Siaccwascsaxcueaawiericewaneeme ese ens 1,194,895 Ibs. Sip Hea Arta AL sal ate cae baicuoaeasastas 17,724,051 Ibs. Clean drip carried over— Total found scncenseeeesrasewsas 17,724,051 Ibs. Total accounted for.............. 12,726,970 Ibs. Difference ..............--- 4,997,081 Ibs. Reduction in Foul Drip Under the New Conditions The analysis having been completed it is now a simple matter to compute the amount of foul drip formed should the engines be shut down. The drip formed in the feed water heater cannot be determined defi- nitely until the final figure of the analysis is reached. However, by assum- ing a value for the total feed water under the new conditions the analysis can be worked through. After several attempts the correct amount was obtained. 1. Feed Water Heating As will be shown finally, the total feed water during the year with the engines shut down will be 68,000,000 Ibs. Assuming the same constant derived in the analysis above i. e., 0.065, the exhaust steam required for heating the feed water under these conditions will be 0.065x68,000,000 Ibs. = 4,420,000 Ibs. 2. Exhaust Line Condensation The absence of engine exhaust will not affect the rate of heat trans- mission through the walls of the system as the same back pressure will be maintained, nor will the capacity of the system be reduced. It is, therefore, evident that the condensation produced by loss of heat from the exhaust eee precept s “ 4 1 T ho aC ee SSS a6 COC Ter Coes Poe eo : HEE A ae | “faq — tht. LT 1-4 4+ ae pe t] Cyt PTT HHH ce j i Cree efit tt app $y co sete coo Cea Hy i bobcat t++ +4 4g +t fa H ae + + Poe a Ht jan aes eae Le aot 1 —= ' ey a te ah b + : tear at i ; 1 1 hea a i) 4 : # ; Da KB Db of am f Ca r ae ; t ' ‘ Vee kee 44 ttt .: fh + ite ll rs ae Peake Ea et aio err is Soe + $444 epe peeks ++ fl Pt fh ei 4. ae S cba d rs TY tr ft} at Et Ee - 1 ee | pat ‘ Le pe ihe’ Ay. pp i | i | ++ Cy HH a 1 t bpp + ' TI Z Coe coy ca tt mem rt FAC) | ie All La G4 4A y Tyr Be FLA $2 | ar LAD ie | t [ A | Ago TOF ta Saar er pe -f oer et fits i 4 fede oh + 1 1 +. rit oa tH ste atc aa {at + j Wate + 455 ee: t ry a ile i ly TTT Toad 1 i a t eid Ty Waratah i 14 + nt + ppp i it PATNI Ce ohh pig \ aye iat = i he Chor i Ae prima ot ——! ean + A 4 4 q at naan +4 ! i oi rs fo sleot Lid | ev awenes 7 a i FASURE! Cy ns e i heat 1 bt fot of if titi = + peep Sipe mons $— ee 4-4-4 rt : Ltt. @ ate 4tui4-414-4-4—-1--4--L -4 --4--4 i 4it4 ro 1 4 ++ a a tet i] eet HH + + + rte a oe os = + oo oe t i d a co fife at 4 4— 44 2 i a -' t 4. toy +++ ae ++i name eA eek ar [ eet babe Core Eee ree TE Pere HY feet pep te. m ed ae Loe rH i ++ t a ae al, toe ¥ PPAR “ae 'as 'g He F Yd BIR Bh Wy taal cae + 18-8 oo cH ae ve A, Eh Pit 71 1 | is 4 ii} 1 4 mt 1 aan AEH C1 et etn Reese ae tt re 1 Pepe i 44-4 i tt H t +i thir i per ry 4 aon ae tsb +} be 1 hey staal ters S oes -|> ee ak af, yt poe | tod | --4—-4 et jee dim see . ppt poate % asec Pl} tt eae s ro | ry tee : toad “4-4 sbdel Py TTT ty Tt HH ry | is i 4-4 ps a See ee Eee Et Tt ro Pt + Het ve ole Ree eA Nar = a ae t a fee pope =p = pico te Pf Sp Shs va ee potery ab tet bate Pree Teo a Kewanee Rt meat ptt ta tate ttt pe tet tt eter prtote tt 4 H+ hi a potted ere me ~ q Sat ttt ee PT AS hd ae I | | TI + i +--+ is a +> T He R Py Pi [| | Cc He | At HH P Ea wet ror oh ap hey pe ESS ie at ! 1 Se are ate acer i + ott 4--+-+ - NY 1 vob abel Lie, 444 444+ t+ +t tb htt dtr 4 eee eee ee aye poe : ae ! Se ea i tt4 44 ji St +--+ t { + | aie ijt 4 ey, esEs Ax SS oe ‘Af. a] m Hat co 1t>+4T hes i Leal AE CC eS te ther tet pt : PCP SUSE RAT ARONA Eas CNS mes ae RA a Sere rr tte Tr et) Lee StH ted ; Coe] eT as 259 piping will be essentially the same as when the full plant was in operation. The amount as determined is 4,420,000 lbs. during the year. 3. The “ Engine Work Drip ” will, of course, not enter into this summary and the “ Pump Work Drip ” has been neglected, so under this classification there will be no entry. 4. Radiation Drip A minimum value for pump operating time has been determined by an approximate method. A correct evaluation would include an estimate of the time when the units were shut down but with at least one cylinder filled with exhaust steam. This condition existed much of the time and no doubt caused the condensation of considerable steam. However, neglecting these facts and using the values derived in the previous determination, the amount of steam condensed in this way will be: 0.5 x 1,444,300 surface hrs. = 722,150 Ibs. ’ SUMMARY Feed Water Heating ...........-... cece eee eee 4,420,000 Ibs. Line Condensation ............0c ccc ee cece eeee 4,420,000 Ibs. Radiation: Dri pr ties. see antaise ai nantnadcrddouisee a eseetae 722,150 Ibs. otal Moth DP Piss sgevecnearsseeeaucem. avers eigen 9,562,150 Ibs. STACK LOSS ANALYSIS The demand for steam heat depends upon the outside temperature, hence it varies widely during the season. The steam used by the pumps is much more constant during the same period so there is at times an excess of exhaust steam, especially at the ends of the season, and consequent loss through the stack. Conversely, in severe weather the pump exhaust is not sufficient to supply the heating system and live steam must be injected through the reducing valve. This unbalanced condition exists also during any average day. The greater part of the pump steam is exhausted between 8:00 A. M. and 4:00 P. M., for the elevators are then in operation and the other services are working at maximum capacity. This, however, is the warmest part of the day and only a portion of this exhaust can be used for heating, the remainder being lost to the atmosphere. But at night live steam must be used as the supply of exhaust is then insufficient. Stack loss is then a matter of instantaneous values and can be estimated only roughly at best. The following method has been used as it approxi- mates actual conditions: 260 Determination with Engines Out of Service Each day of the heating season has been considered separately, and the curves of exhaust available with no engines in use and of heating demand, have been constructed as accurately as possible. When the exhaust curve extended above the curve of heating the area was considered stack loss. _ The shapes and values of the different curves involved were deter- mined as follows: The available exhaust is derived from the load curves of the elevator pumps, feed pumps, house pumps, etc., and the curves of uses and losses of exhaust steam other than house heating. The test of the elevator pumps included in the accepted figures of the test shows the steam consumption every half-hour during one day. That was apparently a normal day so the load curve thus derived has been taken as a type to which each day during the season was made to conform in shape. The value of each daily curve was determined from the steam used during the week in which it occurred, assuming that all the elevator steam is used in 534 days. In other words, the type elevator curve was corrected to equal 1/534 of the total elevator steam used each week in the heating season and each day of that week assumed to have the same load curve. The load curves of the other units were not available nor is it possible to determine the exact shape of a curve which will represent the combined losses and uses of exhaust steam other than house heating. From empirical reasons it is evident that the total load curve of these units and the com- bined curve of losses and uses would both reach a maximum value during the day time and they are probably otherwise similar throughout the twenty- four hours. As the distance between these curves, and not their absolute shape, effects the stack loss, the shape has been arbitrarily assumed to be a horizontal line. As the curves differ by a constant ordinate, they have essentially the same effect on the stack loss as two similar curves of any other shape. The values of the ordinates of these lines were obtained as follows: The pump exhaust exclusive of the elevators each week was divided by 156 hours, which is equivalent to 64 days of operation. The unavailable exhaust corrected for the drip produced by the engines was divided by the number of hours in a week, 168. The elevator curve having been plotted, the constant pump load was plotted below it. Upon this base line the constant curve ‘of losses and uses of exhaust was plotted and upon this latter the house heating demand was constructed. The heating demand curve was obtained thus: : The outside temperatures taken every two hours were subtracted from 70 degrees F. and these remainders when multiplied by a constant, formed the heating demand curve. The above constant is the slope of the curve formed by plotting heat- ing returns per week against average temperature, changed to an hourly value, i. e. the actual slope divided by 168. 261 Using the method outlined above and neglecting Sundays as having stack loss the results below were obtained: Week No. Stack Loss TD assess iced shen eon kala noone eh on eeatvorid None IER acca sete acyinul aboweac Nein ic ied elas asm neat cee aeN ie None I cc ctnseece toutes saavioin wate hast aniararceen eno eal 3,563 Ibs. UA cacti ana tar sara ra eden ad tthe sutaeno need antares nee 141,680 Ibs. GY esses x aero ashectetawe terse cannes cepepeves eatin ays 78,600 Ibs. Wm gore itt asada etn cheater ah od adease mae ty aetna 35,420 Ibs. Doak atte th dence es paigenes ne eee 91,800 Ibs. TQ) cr sneer 2 tatpeestngepa aera nip eam eae alte 209,500 Ibs. ZO. Sac see ek ct ester ree Se ec nn a a 215,300 Ibs. DA cess maha ecco ca Si iB coco Ba ete Ne dt Mle 254,400 Ibs. DED cress tagrt oe uaeb a ha ty Re ten alae aaah ise an iad wet 210,000 Ibs. LIS cath penta tea con ea as eral rat te OR ce aha 260,500 Ibs. DA ca iciiet ch Gel sae Bat ec lant ah eel afar al Ce xg 211,200 Ibs. DOs seisicccussindheehe uae e ash aatines Boccdlicatpaisieschee None iieiieniieees Non-heating Season iashanieetens TD daa Sides ae angen etn ean ceowtad nese dake Gade 114,000 Ibs. AS ps dasha iS atcrntnedeed a enone Aexctoe Saas 201,800 Ibs. A sachaec yi Brine ita hvac aien sagopa C Tea 94,400 Ibs. IS a soatcet ts nectar gad ba ane cee eta aSesentatuie 87,300 Ibs. AG a seca ts INI as eho is neces anode aden eee 96,800 Ibs. PP aaa ci at eds ceeded rnd ch ni aera tat ns 82,650 Ibs. Ci salar costae pte dee bach st std ec EAs See aoa 33,160 Ibs. AOD siete mrad tonno ina aie iaseate teen ns hie ae eee can 151,200 Ibs. IB CY etic avs en eiceemeaeeas eee serene Sh cme tases 18,160 Ibs Ui) seen ero facatecn arsine casio aeseneeanye aeeeeen oe 54,900 Ibs Dara eee eneocltesocn ay ae deel ad eitaee SaaS 11,830 Ibs Metal’ waccneeeswr ao atse see eres oe ees 2,864,493 Ibs. The heating demand computed in this manner is 620,000 Ibs. higher an the actual steam used. The reason for this is; the constant used does t apply to temperatures between 60 and 70 degrees F and the heat re- 262 quired is practically nothing when 60 degrees F is reached. As the greater part of the temperatures above 60 degrees occur in the stack loss area, that is between 8 A. M. and 4 P. M., it is evident that the actual stack loss will be larger than the computed by this amount. It is therefore just to include this discrepancy in the total loss. Hence, the actual stack loss in the heating season 15 Computed: iiisis asics cee eeaisewe eves 2,864,493 Ibs. DISCrepaney” siiuieace oes a 620,000 Ibs. otal Stack: osst gcadancat seuisad cea caGiscaniate acts 3,484,493 Ibs. It must be remembered that this value is still conservative for the assumption in regard to the curve of losses and uses of exhaust steam in- | sures a minimum stack loss. Leakage The fact cannot be overlooked that serious leakage from the steam system occurred during the entire test. The methods of error distribution and of stack loss determination, employed in the accepted report, prevent it from appearing as a discrepancy between the several measured quantities. The difference method of obtaining stack loss then used, has forced a balance of the figures by including the various unmeasured vapor losses and leak- ages in the plant with the stack loss. For the report as originally planned these methods are entirely satisfactory but the present report requires a determination of the actual amounts. Leakage is not dependent upon the amount of steam transmitted but is a constant line loss, which cannot be attributed to any particular service. To apportion it on a basis of steam used is not strictly correct for while the engines were supplied with a large percentage of the total steam, these lines were more or less free from leaks. They were, then, not responsible for the greater part of the leakage so charged, but only for that which occurred in their lines. It is impossible, however, to determine this latter amount but since it is believed to be small, it has been neglected. The total leakage is, thus, a piping system or plant deficiency, to be treated after the manner of the clean drip, and to be considered essen- tially the same in value whether the engines-are in service or not. The following determination gives 4,417,710 Ibs. of steam and water attributable to high pressure leakage. As explained in a previous analysis, 10 per cent has been considered in the form of water. The actual steam lost in this way is, therefore, 3,975,940 Ibs. Determination of High Pressure Leakage There are certain losses from the high pressure system which ordinarily cannot be measured. For instance, vapor losses and leakage and indirectly, clean drip carried over into the exhaust line. It is, therefore, impossible for the actual steam used plus the measured clean drip to equal the water evaporated as shown by the Venturi meter. At one stage of the test, the steam accounted for in this way was 263 actually larger than the water evaporated, although these losses were oc- curring. This can only be accounted for by positive meter error 1. e., the meters registering high. As the clean drip water meter was calibrated periodically, it is evident that the steam meters are at fault, the inter- mittent flow probably being to blame. The change from negative to positive error occurs immediately after a shut down for repairs during a certain week and is consistently positive for some time, so the accidental leakage occurring during this time can be neglected. However, the natural losses were occurring as usual and for this period at least the meter errors must have been large enough to more than neutralize the losses. The evaluation of this error was made in the following way: The Clean Drip carried over and the Vapor Loss from the Clean Drip tank have already been determined. The weekly values of both were plotted against the weeks of the Test giving a curve of natural losses in the plant. On the same base line the discrepancy between the steam accounted for and the water evaporated each week was plotted. This latter is the distrib- uted error given in the test figures. These curves are shown as Leakage Curve No. 1 (Plate 22.) Now considering that portion of the chart immediately after the shut down, and taking the average distance between the curve of distributed error and the curve of natural losses, the meter error in pounds of steam was determined. As there actually was leakage during this time it is very probable that the meter error is much larger than this estimate shows. How- ever, using this value and the average steam raised during those weeks a constant for the steam meters was determined. Assuming that the above constant applies to the whole year, a curve of meter error was computed from the steam metered as given in the test figures. This curve being positive and the natural error being negative, their resultant should represent the error to be distributed were there no leakage. This curve should be identical with the actual distributed error curve if the leakage in the plant were negligible. However, there is a wide difference as is shown on Leakage Curve No. II. (Plate 22). A positive meter error is evident for a portion of the Test. There seems to be no reason for the meter constant to change and the losses occur approximately as shown, so the resulting curve is more or less correct. The difference between it and the actual error can only be attributed to leak- age. This difference is also plotted as a curve, labeled Leakage Curve No. III (Plate 23) and the total negative area taken as actual steam and water lost from the high pressure steam system in transmission to the different services. This area of leakage when expressed in pounds of steam and water is 4,417,710 Ibs. It is to be noted that the leakage curve so determined shows the effect of the shut down even more distinctly than the original curve of error, giv- ing added proof that the curve represents leakage alone. 264 Distributed Error and Leakage It has been claimed that the sudden change in the curve of distributed error may not have been due to repairing the steam lines, but to other causes, such as drop in electric load, repairing one of the Corliss engines, etc. The accompanying curves have been plotted with a view towards dis- covering any such relation. By referring to them it can be seen that the elevator steam could not have effected the error. Also the change in engine steam does not seem to be the cause. The fact that the No. 1 engine was put in operation about this time is not in itself sufficient evidence and the economy of the electrical generation was not changed as can be seen from the kw. hrs. curve nor did the shutting down of this engine during the previous month have any effect. In fact there does not seem to be any physical reason for this engine load to effect the error, for it was run only every other day and not continuously. It, therefore, follows that the most reasonable explanation of the “error” is the one already presented, i. e., that it is essentially, if not entirely, steam line loss. : pepope ete tafe pe bp gt rT Tyr EG ERE Be hens ppp Bee a Pi tity tte | aya} | “f ane Pe S feos Pi = ppd = ane aes) ht ixtglet triad feeb oh f Ri H pee Di Le peg { : i jf. + j a Wade ae 2 z = a 7 -4-—f- | Pc 4 t ea tt. Ha —-f [| \ Pity yep y TT ep PP ee ee HERE EHH pap Ppa Pitt ti pppoe aad ted cf ee “4 uy ch a eM eer Bee eee pores Cera CC Cee at Cog eee PEt Le Pr ert eri Cer) Pd ppp et ya TT [tan donfoctentucfenbesteiadeadoshendpad esos —+—+—+ Se ee eae erat Pe . — i—-+ aaa aL GS et : fa Ue Ok ES i +t : Pha Reto ae ee b MSE Ph tek yeh oe ae oe persseseres ar = oo Foam career ae > - tt ert th | ‘ LSiGa00: yan | ead) ot ey LE Hipp | 4 E i dscns. TL Po Pe Pee PSS ee tales it ae aa 4 iT Perr =~snne Rams 2 ee a perpen een cat poe a Pee Core Por Soe ee Lctepbachentoed ALK i POF RECORDS: st pa et pear +4 Anaemia HS U pee ee 4 . tt it +4 : aS alba’ t PIT ti TTT UT Tee ET ‘ 4 I: — +b | : ele ies aoepiert oo paret oe i or a a a ee as —_ tinh: ee iat aoa poi [ES Alaa pied 265 TABLE oF DistriBUTED ERROR Week No. Per Cent. Error Error in Pounds bhi att —10. i, OWN RN NSRAONWUNNAUIWOOCUONBAROAVTOUONDOOR EAR RW OW ROM AL —12. —11. 79,799 129,608 10,329 51,696 76,618 141,232 149,564 99,260 138,393 117,954 77,065 93,659 123,371 181,629 126,984 189,081 130,035 137,150 80,480 100,200 216,000 165,830 99,820 77,200 156,200 129,500 100,100 87,480 105,000 77,200 18,170 23,750 35,600 3,590 20,050 18,340 7,280 28,500 5,901 21,480 28,730 29,340 28,950 90,200 6,000 28,750 70,700 55,800 88,200 19,720 21,810 70,650 266 TABLE OF NaTuRAL Losses IN PouNps oF STEAM PER WEEK Clean Drip Vapor Total Natural Week No Carried Over Loss Losses Veen Ae eae 107,870 Ibs. 20,130 Ibs. 128,000 Ibs. Dee ery tie hedlad 87,050 “ 22,950 * 110,000 ‘‘ hatte Reema tna 108,770 ‘ 20,230 “ 129,000 ‘ Ae icin Rane 116,080 “ 18,920 “ 135,000 ‘ DS asinett hp sace aes 120,910 “ 18,090 “ 139,000 ‘‘ Ove scrisia cx hitaet foots nds 124,250 “ 17,750 “ 142,000 ‘ il uccasthee tics 115,900 ‘“ 19,100 ‘ 135,000 ‘ Barter te den oem 131,000 “ 17,000 ‘ 148,000 ‘ Ooo. ek et aniss 112,570 “ 19,430 “ 132,000 ‘ MO isn cashen sees 121,750 “ 18,250 “ 140,000 “ WL ec hehaceton dye 92,880 ‘ 22,120 ‘ 115,000 ‘ DD aa accent 86s 108,900 ‘ 20,100 ‘ 129,000 ‘ DS cot aes nich aed sag, 114,830 “ 19,170 “ 134,000 ‘ WA, hs eee eee 114,290 “ 19,210 “ 133,500 “ VS ooo Sec sae aceee Bs 128,100 ‘“‘ 17,400 ‘ 145,500 ‘ 16.. ...... 132,380 ‘ 16,620 ‘ 149,000 ‘“ MPa loch Gea ssesudtin 18 118,350 “ 18,650 “ 137,000 ‘‘ Pictu dgadawrstn 122,650 “ 18,350 “ 141,000 ‘ WO ein loys Niven dete 105,500 ‘ 20,500 ‘ 126,000 ‘‘ ZO bien ee eee 104,150 “ 20,850 ‘ 125,000 ‘ DA uke nsec rar tian enaky 108,620 ‘ 20,380 ‘ 129,000 ‘ DD nphrac3 dhs sel cunsnicties 107,740 “ 20,260 ‘‘ 128,000 “ DB sha crete sis > cts ved 90,380 “ 22,620 ‘ 113,000 ‘ DE use onk Sele sarah ah et 88,340 “ 22,660 ‘ 111,000 ‘ Deh sa etemiisnr Seacoast 84,550 “ 23,450 ‘‘ 108,000 ‘‘ 1) ee eee 88,800 ‘ 22,700 “‘ 111,500 “ Dirge accnnans 95,780 ‘ 21,720 “ 117,500 “ DO tides Ee eam tiactcr ys 69,690 ‘ 25,310 ‘ 95,000 ‘“ DO eicrscatirie ts eh ridin O45 61,680 “ 26,320 ‘ 88,000 ‘ 30 gases 65,220 ‘ 25,780 ‘ 91,000 ‘ SA ose 76,750 “ 24,250 ‘ 101,000 ‘ Bc sansnns 40 480 “ 29,520 ‘ 70,000 ‘‘ BG ce csnassobounionseaecs 74,540 “ 24,460 ‘ 99,000 ‘ BA deisel Bevcuniaiees 74,420 “ 24,580 ‘ 99,000 ‘ SS elses unten es 72,160 “ 24,840 ‘ 97,000 ‘ B36 ksk wee eee. ER 75,300 “ 24,700 ‘ 100,000 ‘ EB Sens atts th Dane 76,420 “ 24,580 ‘ 101,000 ‘ BR a2 cie ona aw ane ds 61,930 ‘ 26,070 ‘ 88,000 ‘ Bnei | beacdmedites 60,800 ‘ 26,200 “ 87,000 “ AQ a vayaerinns cen ast 51,160 ‘ 27,840 ‘ 79,000 “ 41. 72,110 “ 24,890 ‘ 97,000 “ BON Nigh cenesates 73,320 “ 24,680 ‘ 98,000 ‘ BS wssk, Minwiinatsccels 71,030 “ 24,970 “ 96,000 ‘ Oca teolntadiaroniben sth 74,300 “ 24,700 ‘ 99,000 ‘ BS 28 sete 74,500 “‘ 24,500 ‘ 99,000 “ AG os ks 75,420 “ 24,580 ‘ 100,000 ‘ BT hots acute teats 100,540 “ 21,460 ‘ 122,000 “ BR ors nirpaast oo 103,040 ‘ 20,960 ‘ 124,000 ‘‘ BO ois iysetigea 116,840 ‘ 19,160 “ 136,000 ‘ SO scacncodet Bek wees 85,380 “ 23,620 ‘ 109,000 “ ISD sis do, dgsotbaaueserc eelee 101,520 “ 21,480 ‘ 123,000 ‘ GP ouside? 95,920 “ 22,080 ‘ 118,000 ‘‘ 267 DETERMINATION OF LEAKAGE During certain weeks of the Test the accidental leakage is a minimum is the steam lines had recently been repaired. These weeks have been used ‘0 determine the positive error of the steam meters, as the following table shows: Week No. Actual Error Natural Loss BD ade’ cele Seuetaeen s 23,750 Ibs. 70,000 Ibs. SSN Gru auieers se 35,600 99,000 i ccisn ess weoeee eel — 3,590 “ 99,000 ‘ iS Dita necnaice raha occ 20,050 97,000 ot OR etn ehets alam r a —18,340 “ 100,000 ‘ Si ais erase w...f — 7,280 * 101,000 “ SOR ee eianiie se Rea 28,500 ‘ 88,000 ‘ RD Oceeates Gane ea tues aa hes 5,900 ‘ 87,000 “ BY a cctrca baci tenn dewneee anal 21,480 ‘ 79,000 ‘ WT Sante eevee ser 28,730 ‘ 97,000 ‘ BD cote ech netioaracte we 29,340 ‘ 98,000 “ 11 weeks. MGA 0. octagiateh eked +222,560 Ibs. 1,015,000 Ibs. — 29,210 “ 193,350 lbs. Average Actual Error............... 17,577 \bs. Average Natural Loss............... 92,272 ‘ Average Error Covered by Steam Meters) (Q)isciceveoaarcxrnaqeps 109,849 ‘ The average amount of steam metered during these weeks was deter- mined as follows: Steam Probable Steam Week No. Raised Clean Drip Metered D2 ices iekratt tag t 1,249,895 Ibs. 260,000 Ibs. 989,895 Ibs. SO sactoesie meicare anys 1,226,570 re 966,570 SA tai ase aie a 1,197,237 “ se 937,237 ‘ SD aneeusaenidey Gisvnadinta’ 1,179,211 ns a 919.211 s SO icgicsshawssadosetdbes 1,221,779 ‘ ie 961,779 “ Deda his oi ap geese btie 1,212,279 ‘ ue 952,279 “ SO dimenoin eae ea 1,140,057 ‘ oS 880,057 ‘“‘ BD ics nse nireamectert danee SY 1,181,533 ae 921,533 “ BO en Asst aia eoccenis s 1,263,299 ‘ 1,003,299 ‘ er oucatonsh a tages, 1,249,497 “ ss 989,497 ‘ OD. sion dua ash aaSgtini ih oe 1,334,229 * ee 1,074,229 <“ ShOtAlsacuewss| | hebeedeea- MIN telaeeeetde 10,595,604 Ibs. 268 Average Steam Metered during the period of Minimum Leakage = 10,595 ,604+11 = 963,236 lbs. Average Error to be overcome, 109,849 Ibs. 963,236 ——-——————_ = 0.897. (963,236+ 109,849) Constant of steam meters Reference has already been made to the fact that an intermittent or pulsating character of steam flow probably affects the action af a steam meter so that its constant under such conditions is not the same as under uniform rates of steam flow. The steam meters were always cali- brated under constant flow conditions while they were operated in the plant under a pulsating flow. This is the probable explanation of a large part of the lack of balance found each week between the several meters. From all the investigations which it has been possible to make, from interviews with the engineers of the company supplying the meters, and from theoretical considerations with regard to the design and construction of the meters of different size and under different rates of flow of each, no reason is evident why the same error or correction should not be applied to all the steam quantities observed during the plant test. Appendix F of this report con- tains a report of a test made of a meter under various pulsating flow conditions. The differences in rating under uniform flow and under work- ing conditions, show an error or correction surprisingly close to the correc- tion deduced from entirely different phenomena observed during the plant test. This close check is a strong indication of the accuracy of the plant observations and the deductions drawn from them. The fact that out of sixteen observations, only one showed a meter error under pulsating flow above 18 per cent. (the one observation being 24.7), is considered a demonstration of the extreme improbability that the meters serving the auxiliaries should have had errors averaging 40 per cent., as is suggested by Mr. Bolton, while the meters serving the engines should have had no error. The probabilities are so strongly against such a condition as to lead to a dismissal of the whole argument as specious. 269 TaBLE oF METER Error IN Pounps OF STEAM METER Error—=10.3% or STEAM EXHAUSTED Steam Meter Week No. Exhausted Error le ertatesianaitexs 1,563,216 Ibs. 160,000 Ibs. Did ota sad eins ss 1,282,933 ‘ 132,100 “ 8 acco hare teldanteaneie 1,367,005 ‘“ 140,800 ‘ Bs Ss osntstg tatoiett toma bir 1,620,080 “ 166,800 Diedcc tries be anmetninnes 1,666,703 ‘ 171,600 ‘ Grseadnaen ees 1,569,429 “ 161,600 ‘ isis oat 8 eco sa taken 1,587,410 ‘ 163,500 ‘ Bi ttitaccahten ah da calcul, 1,621,250 “ 167,000 ‘ Os cis Seth anc nese aisteed 1,478,760 “ 152,300 ‘ LO ica bhai tencneen das 1,526,120 “ 157,200 ‘ De Doses tee anecre arth wigan ae 1,710,450 ‘ 176,100 ‘“ DDR ee 2 cede csceecete 1,670,760 ‘ 172,000 ‘ Sins wevcdeaialice 1,648,830 169,800 “ LA oe daectoanchen lB souieias 1,565,886 ‘ 161,300 ‘ IS casks bi cog carcino tg 1,535,270 ‘ 158,100 ‘ TV Oe eciseniratee concede sts 1,432,702 ‘ 147,500 ‘' Les ais toner aaice 1,443,860 ‘ 148,700 ‘ NOE eed um are ea cae 1,404,680 ‘ 144,600 ‘ ND chifeenoattantedsbalecttaee 1,302,050 ‘ 134,200 ‘ DOS Ae ipod con anteene 1,272,739 ‘ 131,100 ‘ DAs ada 18 orn et het 1,443,140 “ 148,600 “ DD icy cites, eueripintteaeny cra 1,541,990 ‘ 158,800 ‘ Dh so. chccateucenesaenen tte 1,318,100 ‘ 135,800 ‘ DE oa Saget se sigidesorsne aon 1,206,191 ‘ 124,300 “ DISKS Ja a\loa nls. winccscneswaaen eee eas maak emt an eaeR Eka eee 11,680.00 Total ss-csnesreauanwcaceseeerweweseees se eeceemerenassons $38,677.06 5 per cent. interest on $15,000............ccsce cence eeeeees $750.00 5 per cent: depreciation’: iscsi escsiaaraaseeeevecetiden 750.00 1,500.00 ANMMAL, SAVIOE a vewcslencacsdeca-c.oiseumiviadwoad eaalcnunianes $37,177.06 The engineer of the Court House informs me that the Judges are very critical and his chief service is to visit their rooms and see that they get the exact amount of heat, etc. It will probably be advisable to retain one of these old engineers, preferably, McGuire, to continue to perform this service for the three buildings—any additional help will be furnished from the Hall of Records. At any event, there would be a net saving of over $35,000 per year and fully as good, if not better service rendered. Very respectfully submitted, (Signed) — CHAS. G. ARMSTRONG. 326 EXHIBIT 2 Letter, dated April 19, 1910, from the borough president of Manhattan to the department of water supply, gas and electricity, asking approval of plans for the supplying of heat and electricity to the city hall, and county and city buildings from the power plant in the hall of records. July 19, 1910. Honorable HENry S. THOMPSON, Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. Dear Sir—The bearer will hand you herewith specifications for the installation of electric elevators in the County Court House and blueprints showing “layout for supplying steam heat, electricity and water to the City Hall, County Court and City Court Buildings from the power plant in the Hall of Records, Borough of Manhattan.” It is desired to install these elevators before court shall begin on October 1st, and to have the modification in the plan of heating completed about the same date. This will require rapid work and I will be greatly obliged if your approval may be secured at the earliest possible moment. I am, Yours very truly, (Signed) GEO. McANENY, President of the Borough of Manhattan. 327 EXHIBIT 3 Reply from the commissioner of water supply, gas and elec- tricity to the president of the borough of Manhattan, dated July 21, 1910, in which he refuses to approve the plans for supplying the city hall, and the county and city courthouses with electricity from the hall of records power plant. City of New York, July 21, 1910. Hon. GrorceE McANENY, President, Borough of Manhattan. Dear Sir—I am in receipt of your communication of July 19, in which you state you submit blueprint showing the layout for supplying steam heat, electricity and water to the City Hall, County Court House and City Court Building from the power plant in the Hall of Records, Borough of Manhattan. I note the blueprints and specifications of the elevators desired for this court. The same will be returned in due course. As to the plan for steam heating, we do not take up the matter of distribution of steam heating, except where it is desired to supply same from an outside source, and then only in connection with the meter and the installation of the supply. As to the supply of electric current, I would advise that these buildings are now operating under the wholesale contract for the supply of electricity, being counted as one installation with the Brooklyn Bridge. This would give them a rate of from 3.2 cents to 3 cents. As the lighting of public buildings is in my charge, I do not feel that I wish to change from this rate to a plant, without proof that it will not cost the City any more than +he present rate. Will you kindly submit complete details of the basis of the cost to the City under your proposition, so that I may verify same as I may deem neces- sary before any change is made? Respectfully, (Signed) HENRY S. THOMPSON, Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. 328 EXHIBIT 4 Report of test on the operation of the lighting plant at the Harlem Hospital by C. F. Lacombe, chief engineer of light and power of the department of water supply, gas and electricity, which in the last paragraphs indicates his attitude with respect to the operation of isolated power plants by the city, and the reasons for his objections to the operation of isolated generating plants by the city. REPORT OF TEST ON THE OPERATION OF THE PRIVATE LIGHTING PLANT AT THE HARLEM HOSPITAL BY C. F. Lacombe, Chief Engineer of Light and Power, Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity TO Mr. Chandler Withington, Chief Engineer Department of Finance December 3, 1907 New York, Dec. 3, 1907 Mr. CHANDLER WITHINGTON, Chief Engineer, Dept. of Finance, 280 Broadway, New York. Dear Sir—Referring to your request, through Mr. Reed, for a report on the opera- tion of the private lighting plant at the Harlem Hospital, as to the cost per kilowatt hour of electricity produced and used, and also a report of a test of the wiring for loss in current transmission, I would herewith advise you of the results of my investigation. The tests extended for a period of seventy-six (76) days, from June 1, to August 15, 1907, inclusive. During this period we took account of the watt meter readings of the hospital instruments as to current used for lighting and power. We also investigated the coal consumption, the labor account, the expense for lamp re- newals, oil, waste, removing ashes, current repairs and so on. This is a new plant, the hospital opening on June 1, the day our test began. We found an average output for all hours of the day of 135 amperes at 235 volts, or a total production of 57,866 kilowatt hours for a period of seventy-six (76) days. This is calculated, but by readings of the meter, you will see, checks very closely with such readings. One hundred and thirty-five (135) amperes at 235 volts is equivalent to 31.725 kilowatts per hour. The full capacity of this plant is 350 kilowatts. In consequence, its average output is about 10% of its capacity, and its earning capacity is handicapped by unnecessary investment. From the highest load shown with heavy allowance for winter increase, at least 200 kilowatts capacity of this plant is an unnecessary investment. The plant consists of 500 horse power in boilers, three (3) 150 i. h. p. engines and one (1) 80 i. h. p. engine, three (3) 100 kilowatt dynamos and one (1) 50 kilowatt dynamo, with all necessary foundations, piping, switchboard and so on. Of the average output of current during the 76 days of test, we find that the power consumption was 50,960 kilowatt hours, and the lighting consumption, 7,554 kilowatt hours. 329 The lighting of a hospital is lower than most other public buildings, when figured on the basis of candle feet. The hours of lighting are also short. Outside of the difference between winter and summer, the output for lighting shown will not be in- creased materially. The normal increase for winter lighting being added, it is now, with the exception noted, a maximum [oad. To increase it, you must erect more buildings. In consequence, this plant is largely run for power service, and, in my opinion, according to the details of the load sheets, the motors were run more than is neces- sary, in order to make as large an output as possible in figuring the performance of the plant. The larger the output, of course, the smaller the cost per kilowatt hour. Without going into the detail of the boiler tests and so on, which are not neces- sary here, I would advise that we find the cost of operating this plant is as follows: Salary Account ss:es.e2meds scan wemewenns oh ae emanates $705.00 per month 1 Engineer: in, Charges, cacecerss ss sce awneen $120.00] 2 Operating Engineers, each $105.00...... 210.00 3 Firemen, each $75.00.............00. 000s 225.00 ros. 2 Oilers;, each $50.00. 3. .svesnadveescxsanwn 100.00} 1 Plomber wweccceretaacecmndes en seen es 50.00} 140 Tons of Coal at $5.60 per ton.......... eee cece eee 784.00 “ co Water used in boilers, 280,000 cu. ft............. cece eee 280.00 “ 2 Taitip RENE WAS cc cc cuecendeds Veet Aw oop nid Sedeasaeieuw vee <0t 15.00 “ ro ya OM 5 55: sccscesussaness ee aaa Avaya cee saveuere tien a aco se AS 50.00 “ 2 Machinery: OM ccc cuunsas aes ean SUesecaasanmadaduden se Ee ames 39.00 “ 7 AVIS HEL osu syiactuSise ase cssdebas to cco slate msse teat San ne deb once seastv oreo ated 20.00 “ Operating repairs, average month...............ce cece eee ee 75.00 “ " RET OV LO ASHES ccovavadauccensics us aveuaislelbbenent (Gi ety x8 cuss waenonbionnie a edb auacnses 75.00 “ TOA, Bossi ati so se easencees neat eds Asa cesar toaneateenees $2,043.00 “ - While this test is made in summer, we allow, for heating the building, eight (8) months full heating service. This allowance concedes two men for eight months to the heating service, in the absence of any electric lighting, allowing two shifts of eight hours each per man, and the banking of the fires for the eight hours at night. As these men are also employed in summer, their services are charged entirely to the electric plant, the hot water heating being purely nominal. This gives a credit on above figures, of two (2) men at $90.00 each, or $1,440 for eight months, or $120.00 per month per year. The plumber employed proved to be used very largely as steamfitter for the piping of boilers and engines. The engines being exclusively for the electric lighting, the difference is more than made up by the absence of the engineer doing odd jobs about the buildings. As noted, this absence accounts for some accidents and conse- quent repair bills. Calculating the load for a period of one month on the basis given, and es- tablishing the yearly lighting load average by percentages and figures of similar hos- pitals buying current, we would have 25,006 kilowatt hours consumption per month. On the above figures, the average cost per kilowatt hour per month corrected to a yearly average would be 7.85 cents per kilowatt hour, the total cost for the year being approximately $23,600. If we figure the cost per kilowatt for lighting and power, based on the showing for the two and a half months, corrected to a yearly average, 3014 days to a month, at the rates charged the City by the New York Edison Company, we would have a charge of— 20388 kilowatt hours for Power, at 6c per K. W. hr.......... 2.00 cece e eee $1,223.28 4618.4 “ “ “ Lighting “714 “ KK. W. bre... cee cece ee eee 346.38 na arse caad aaenhdial Gian es aun cr clonal gaan des $1,569.66 330 This shows a net loss to the City for operating this plant on cash cost, of $353.34 per month. In other words, the money put in this plant is wasted. It is not only of no service to the City, but is an actual cause of excess of expenditure of $353.34, excluding interest and depreciation. The above is given on cash costs of operation on a summer basis, without steam heating. The steam used on the load shown is not sufficient to heat the building by exhaust steam, so we cannot reduce the cost by crediting the plant with that economy. Interest on investment and depreciation should be added. In my opinion, 10% de- preciation is not too high in small plants subject to municipal care and operation on boilers, engines and dynamos. The Finance Department is better able to set the reasonable average rate of interest than I am, but the usual interest allowed is at least six per cent. Adding these allowances puts a small municipal lighting plant out of the question entirely, for it will run the cost to over 10c. a kilowatt hour. It is claimed that some allowance should be credited on account of steam heating done by exhaust steam from the engines noted, and also for steam used for operating the disinfectant plant. The heating done by exhaust steam from the engines is very small, as has already been explained. Allowance has been made for the steam used in operating the disinfectant plant. Proper allowances have also been made for the steam used in heating water for domestic purposes; also for steam used in cooking and sterilizing. In operating this and other plants, the claim is made that to operate the heating plant of a hospital or similar building, it takes three shifts of eight hours each for two (2) men, or six (6) men at $190.00 per shift per month. Therefore, these men have so little to do that the labor for an additional electric plant costs nothing. This may be true, but it is a bad arrangement for an electric light plant, as it shows ex- travagance in the operation of the heating plant. Even then it is rarely adhered to and, as in the plant under consideration, nine (9) men are employed, not six (6). Allowing six (6) men only, at $190.00 per shift, and adding interest and depreciation, the cost will still come above the cost of current purchased at present rates. We understand unofficially that additional men will be required for the winter steam heating. The principal uses of the power consumption given above are for electric heat- ing in the laundry building and for operating an ice machine. As to operating the laundry by electricity, this Department has found that it is ex- tremely expensive and has been compelled in the past to request certain departments to abandon electric irons on account of the expense of operation, and substitute gas. This was done when current was taken from the Edison Company. As you will note, current here costs more than if we took it from the Edison Company, and the laundry here should use gas for heating its irons and other apparatus, instead of electricity. If this is done as it should be, it would make this plant an absurd proposition. ; In testing this plant we found several matters of repair to which attention should be called, and which justified the average repairs given. In the boiler room, where the main steam lead leaves the boilers and drops by a long goose-neck pipe down to the main steam line through the tunnel, no drip has been connected to the automatic trap at the base of this curved pipe, so that there is no proper means to remove water of condensation, and in consequence joints are leaking considerably, thereby losing steam and wasting coal. The drip connections of the high and low pressure cylinders on the engines are connected in such a way that the water of condensation from the high pressure cylinder is forced into the low pressure cylinder, and while the low pressure cylinder has been bored for relief valves, the same were not furnished. This latter error caused the breaking of the low pressure valve of one of the engines during the period of test and this engine had to be put out of service for repairs. Automatic relief valves should be put on the low pressure cylinders as soon as 331 possible. They were originally designed for same and it is a serious blunder that they were not put in. In the original contract no mention of them, however, seems to have been made in the specifications. I find that it is the practice in the hospital that the engineer may be called away from the machinery by orders of the superintendent to do odd jobs around the hos- pital. These odd jobs should be attended to, but the machinery should not be left running without someone watching it. This apparently would add to the payroll, but if the plant is going to be operated from now on, it is better to put on an additional man than to injure the machinery. An instance of this occurred, during the test, in the burning out of the out- board bearing of the ice-making plant, owing to the failure of the oiling system. The bearing was entirely destroyed arid a new one is required. The engineer, when this happened, was off on one of the odd jobs in the main building. This caused the shutdown of this plant for a week or so, during which the hospital had to buy ice. One of the bearings on the 15-horse power motor of the ice plant was also burned out on another occasion. No blame in these matters should attach to the engineer, who appears to be doing the very best he can under the circumstances, but machinery of this character should not be left alone. If I am not mistaken, a City ordinance especially forbids high pressure boilers to be left at any time without the presence of a licensed engineer in charge. In the main laundry a 25-horse power motor, which was originally designed to be attached to the ceiling, is set on the floor next to a door, and so arranged that in opening the door one is apt to walk into this motor, and women particularly are liable to get their skirts caught in the belt. A railing should be put around this motor at once. Your letter also requested an examination from us of the wiring of these buildings. We find that in nearly all cases the size of the wire is specified and has been in- stalled strictly in accordance with the specifications. A careful test of the voltage shows that the loss of potential in wiring is within the limits of the specifications. It is well to note that the wiring work of these buildingsswas done under two separate and distinct architectural firms and is not uniform. The main building of the hospital proper is wired according to the usual three-wire system, with 220 volts between positive and negative. It is at present used as a two-wire system of 220 volts. The wiring of the power house, ambulance station and laundry is not designed by the same firm that designed the main building. This wiring is laid out on the basis of a two-wire system throughout, to use 220 volts. We found no circuits where the drop exceeded the 3% required in the specifica- tions. The specifications, as a matter of fact, are not very clear, but giving them the most rigid interpretation, this part of the work is entirely within the limits specified. In GENERAL The above specific case where a detailed examination was made and con- siderable care was taken in determining the facts in the case, confirms my previous. opinion that, at the rates per kilowatt hour for light and power the city is obtaining” from the electric companies, isolated plants in public buildings as at present installed and operated are actual cumulative losses to the City of New York. The report of the test above shows that this is a particularly unprofitable plant for the City to operate, but I know of a number of similar cases where the conditions must be, if anything, worse. In some few instances in public buildings of the City, not more than six (6), where the load is steady and desirable, the City could make a better showing than in the hospital, but in most of those cases, I think 1t would be found that the electric companies would materially decrease their rates on account of a more desirable load. This is so in the instance of the Williamsburg Bridge and Bellevue Hospital. 5 332 It is comparatively easy to sit down and figure out a municipal plant in an isolated building as being able to produce current at a much less cost than same could be purchased from the companies, always provided that it be operated with the same care and efficiency as shown in operation by the lighting companies. The officers of the City, however, under the laws, cannot get this efficiency, and in consequence cannot operate these plants properly. The only way to operate an electric light plant is to give the manager of the plant all necessary power and make him abso- lutely responsible for results. This, under the Civil Service and other laws, is im- possible in the City service. To my mind, the mechanical equipment of City buildings should be prescribed by a Board of Engineers in the City employ, specialists in the respective lines of heat- ing, pumping, ventilation and lighting. In many instances the equipment in City buildings is dictated more with a view to profit on the installation and additional fees than from a careful analysis of the results to be obtained in operation. It has been very interesting to investigate this subject in this instance, and my bureau would be glad to go into the matter further in other plants, and would really be indebted if you could give us an opportunity to investigate some of them for you, as in time we would be able to accumulate some valuable data for the further guidance of the City. I am, Yours very truly, (Signed) C. F. LACOMBE. 333 EXHIBIT 5 Letter dated December 18, 1910, from C. F. Lacombe, thief engineer of light and power of the department of water upply, gas and electricity, to the commissioner of the depart- nent of correction indicating the basis of the engineer’s opinion und reasons for his objections regarding the operation of isolated ‘lectricity generating plants by the city. New York, Dec. 10, 1908. ton. JoHN V. Coccey, Com’r, Department of Correction, 148 E. 20th St., New York. Dear Sir—Your letter of October 22, with enclosures, to the Hon. John H. )’Brien, Commissioner of this Department, has been received and the Commissioner las requested me to reply to same. Apparently the letter of Messrs. D’Oench & Yost is largely based on the letter »f Mr. Padden, Engineer, also accompanying same. It is very easy for any one to sit jown and figure, under practical conditions as they exist outside of the City’s service, that the City should be able to run an isolated electric lighting plant at yricés below those that the City can get by contract from the various electric lighting companies, but it is a very different matter to produce the results. In past years I have built and installed, as engineer and contractor, a number of somplete isolated lighting plants in buildings in various parts of the country. For early twelve years I operated from three to seven electric light plants, lighting small ind large towns. These plants had either been built under my supervision or had been mproved or rebuilt during that time. I am consequently thoroughly familiar with the cost of operation of electric ight plants of various sizes, and under varying conditions. Since my connection with the City of New York, which began about five years ago, I have followed as rlosely as possible the cost of isolated electric lighting plants installed, owned and »perated by the City of New York under the present Civil Service conditions. While I am not at all opposed to the Civil Service in any way, at the same time [ can advise you as an engineer that it is not applicable to the economical operation of electric light plants. The architects and the engineers may both judge the matter ‘ntirely from the standpoint of what can be done under different circumstances than those which we have to deal with, and in consequence get figures that are very favor- able apparently for the operation by the City of electric plants. It is an incontrovertible fact, however, that where large corporations and others are operating plants far larger than this one, the tendency is always towards con- centrating everything into one still larger plant, in order to obtain efficiency and cheap cost per kilowatt hour. When this is done with plants with an output of 225,000 kilowatt hours per day, at a net operating cost of 5%c. per kilowatt hour, it seems ridiculous to assume that the City with a small plant with a very small output such as the one in the Raymond Street Jail would be, could even hope to obtain any- where near as good results. The question of economy and efficiency of an electric light plant depends almost entirely on the load for a given capacity that the plant has to carry. In other words, the theoretical plant would run at full load for twenty-four hours, day in and day out. When you distribute in a plant of this character the cost of fixed charges and to on, you will reduce same to a very small amount per kilowatt hour. When on the contrary you have a plant such as is proposed, and when it is stated that the load is only operated during two or three hours in the evening and only 334 15% of the load runs throughout the day time, you can see that per kilowatt hour these fixed charges and so on become very much larger in proportion to the cost. Bearing these facts in mind, and also taking into account the difference between the summer load in kilowatt hours and the winter load, you will see that the light- ing load as proposed in this building will be comparatively small. In the letter submitted to me, of March 14, 1908, the power load is given as ap- proximately 87,000 kilowatt hours per year. The engineer of the architect seems to be arguing against himself when he figures that the power load at the Jail is much less than at the Harlem Hospital. In testing the Harlem Hospital the power load was very carefully separated from the lighting load and was a much larger proportion than is shown at the Raymond Street Jail, according to the figures submitted. At the time of the test the power and lighting load at the Harlem Hospital was brought up to the maximum, in order to try to prove their case, and the power load was recog- nized as being the only thing that could possibly save it. It however did not do so. There is no necessity of arguing over the question of the cost per kilowatt hour and the cost of coal consumed at the Harlem Hospital. We have the figures and the data carefully compiled and accurately checked, and they are open to the investi- gation of any engineers that you would like to send to look at them. Further, the items for depreciation in value, interest, etc., were put on the plant by the Finance Department, who were thoroughly acquainted with its cost and its repairs and depreciation. I do not doubt that it seems to be a very large price to people who are not accustomed to the limitations of the City in operating mechanical plants, but the figures are there just the same and open to investigation. So, as stated, argument on that is unnecessary. We also found at the Harlem Hospital and in several other buildings, that there was not sufficient steady load on the engine to produce enough steam to furnish heating for the building. This is also a fact which can be readily proved to any engineer who will examine the records in this case, and in this regard I would advise you that the system of steam heating at the Harlem Hospital was promptly abandoned. At Gouverneur Hospital a similar system was installed and paid for, and never run a single day. At the Harlem Hospital the steam heating is now being done by direct steam in the boiler. The large fans mentioned, to which your engineer pays particular atten- tion, are not run except for exhibition purposes at very rare intervals. As to the refrigerating plant which your engineer also mentions as being un- economical, I would advise that this is driven by an electric motor and this load is favorable to bringing up the electric output, and this can be said in favor of all the motors in the Hospital. It appears to me that your engineer is advancing an argument against himself. As I have stated before, if you can find enough steady power load, there might be a partial excuse for running boilers during the non-heating period when the light- ing load is very low. Certainly no one would care to run an engine all night for the few watch lamps such as the prison would have in use. As to elevators, we have found that in ordinary buildings the elevator equipment is very little used. For instance, in one City building—the Municipal Building in the Borough of The Bronx—the elevator plant has never even been operated. As to the number of men operating the heating plant, this is often given as an excuse why one should install an electric light plant, because, having the men, it would be no additional expense. Under the Labor Laws and so on governing the City, men can only work on eight hour shifts. In consequence, three sets of men must be paid in order to get the ordinary heating service. In spite of this, we have often found that additional men are put on when an electric light plant is put in. Whereas, on the contrary, we find in some Public Schools in the City, buildings very, much larger than the Raymond Street Jail, the heating boilers are attended to by one 335 Janitor-Engineer, who also supervises the cleaning and takes entire charge of the building. Therefore, it is hardly fair to credit to the electric light plant the cost of steam heating on the excuse that it can be used for six months in the year for heating the building, whereas the actual steam from the plant is not at all sufficient to do this particular thing. I think that the main error made by the engineers in figuring as they do on City buildings is that they figure on the minimum load practically being constant year in and year out. Our experience has shown that this is not so, except in the case of wilful waste, and we do not think Raymond Street Jail will be any different from other jails, the yearly records of the lighting of which we have on file. Finally, as to the matter of the steam heating. We do not attack the principle of such heating when there is an exhaust steam to heat with. The amount of steam supplied an engine is in direct proportion to the load on that engine. Our experience has shown that with the very light loads put on plants of rather liberal size, the amount of steam is insufficient to heat the building and direct heating is resorted to, and in consequence one of the main reasons for putting in electric light plants disappears. © Your engineer seems to think that all our criticisms are on account of the Harlem Hospital. They are not. They are criticisms from the results of our records on a number of City buildings, which as I have stated are open for his inspection. As to the pounding of the engine mentioned, which is the actual condition at this Hospital when the larger engines are running on day load, we also had in mind the Watertown engines installed at the City College. These engines have proved unsatisfactory and have been turned over to expert engineers and machinists, who are rebuilding them in an effort to bring them up to the specifications. In the meanwhile the City is paying for current. In your engineer’s opinion, this must be a waste. In our opinion, it should be charged against the cost of a private plant. The heavy repairs to engines at all these places, however, are so frequent that the cost amounts to a large item. In consequence, depreciation and repairs on ‘City machinery are much higher than are allowed or are even figured upon in private practice. My own personal experience in operating electric light plants is more than suf- ficient to assure me that 7% for depreciation and repairs is not a safe figure, and in this I know I am supported by the opinion of many other engineers of experience with this particular class of work. As for City work, it is absolutely out of the question. I regret to have to take so much of your time by this reply, which perhaps could have been shortened to a few words, namely, that the records are here and are open to inspection. I must in consequence once more advise you that in a case of this kind you would be wiser to purchase the service from supplying companies. If not, you would soon be requesting to have an auxiliary service put in so that you can have current when your machinery is out of commission, and this of course must be added to the expense of operating your plant. This has often been the case in the Tombs prison in New York City, and this will add a cost to your plant of $30.00 per kilowatt per year of installed capacity. I am perfectly confident that if you put this plant in and we test it afterwards, you will find that our figures will be confirmed without doubt. Since this letter was originally drawn tests have been made at the Workhouse on Blackwell’s Island, where there is a plant which compares favorably in size, as to kilowatt load, with that of the Raymond Street Jail, although the building has many times the area of the Jail. The load sheets entirely confirm our former statements that jails and hospitals have practically the same lighting conditions as to consump- tion of current for electric light and power. It is unnecessary to go into details of the plant on Blackwell’s Island, but we see marked signs of the same deterioration and repair at the Workhouse plant which we found at the Harlem Hospital. The 336 Workhouse plant is not much older than the Hospital plant and we think both will have the same ultimate history. For instance, we note that at the Workhouse the arc lamps are in such condition that they should presente be discarded as they are taking nearly three times the nomal current. On November 27 the 15-horse power motor in the laundry went out of business on account of the burning up of the coils of the starting box, which caused the plant to be shut down for two days. In other words, the matter is practically as we stated it, and if your engineers do not believe it we will be glad to show them all the records and facts in the case, which are on file fully in this Department and in the Finance Department. Tam Very truly yours, (Signed) C. F. LACOMBE, Chief Engineer of Light and Power. 337 EXHIBIT 6 Letter from Charles G. Armstrong to President McAneny of the Borough of Manhattan on February 17, 1911, giving the date on which they began furnishing power and steam from the hall of records to the buildings in city hall park. February 17, 1911. Honorable Grorce MCANENY, President of the Borough of Manhattan, Dear Sir—On February Ist we began furnishing power to the hydraulic ele- vators in the Brownstone Building from the Hall of Records plant and on Friday, February 10th, we began permanently supplying steam to the Brownstone Building, to the County Court House and to the City Hall from the same source. There are a few short circuits and unimportant corrections to be made in the heating plant, which we expect to have practically, if not entirely done, by Saturday of this week. You will, undoubtedly, be interested to know that coal consumption at the Hall of Records has not increased perceptibly during that time, running about 12 tons of coal per day, which is the average for some time back. When we consider that the Brownstone Building used an average of 2% tons of coal per day, which this plan entirely eliminates, and that we have been spending on an average $10,000 per year for heating the City Hall and County Court House, which is entirely obviated by this connection, you will see that the saving will correspond exactly with the estimate which I made you more than a year ago. On Monday next, we will transfer from these buildings five men that have been costing the city $18 per day, and, in all prob- ability, will reduce the force by one man more in the near future. You will readily see, by the above, that we are saving an average of $1,598 per month as run at present. As soon as we can connect the electrical work, this will be nearly double the above mentioned saving. Very truly yours, (Signed) CHARLES G. ARMSTRONG, Consulting Engineer. 338 EXHIBIT 7 These data were distributed by Mr. Armstrong at the meet- ing of the Blue Room Engineering Society. These charts also formed a part of the report to the Bureau of Municipal Research on “ Lighting Plants in Public Buildings, Borough of Manhat- tan,” which report was never made public. _ KS THE RESULTS OF TESTS MNIADE/N A NUNBER OF PLANTS | 2 3 a 5 6 7 8 9 10 WI 12 13 I+ 15 16 \7 18 19 20 2! i s 1 . ELECTRIC PLANT J © Sehcamrco| TOTAL cooT| een aris [Pom meatmalon comese| oon carn PRRSmone] Ov UAwon [ortaee See omen noe shiation [SEREOEI | erin | unr | “mates” +8 | #000 000 9685 1.00] 9.032 28| 39 230.00] 57 621.00 J)-4 713.00 16 500,00| 96 851.00 39 230.00) 2000] | 2 4 2400000) 47 | 6400 0.01965] 19 000.00| 28 164.00 (E)5 600.00] 47 164.00 19 000.00) 1 400, i Dp 779853) 2194074 0.02820] 13180.81| 8 759.93 t 21 940.74 13189.81 tam 700000! 2305400} 0.03290 7500.90) 15 554.00 _ 6318.0 ++ 350.00] 2305400 7 500.00 300 12 /SOL Fr 469940) )8 235.6% 0.03880\(E) 3300.00] 14935.644 6 545.23, 1 §00.00|_ 18 235.64 11 000 0.30 2 O G 441200| 18192.76| 0.04123| 5560.00! 12 632.76 6 384.00) 2 647.20] 18192.76 12 H 402000] 19 348 ool ~22882>| 9600.00] 9728.00 8 617.00 sGppliess Repairs 2000.00] 19 328.00 50000 0.192 12 | 358631| 12395.40| 0.03455| 5 730.00| 6665.40 5 175.00, 171.00 |(E)) g00.00|_ 12395.40 28 500 0.20 450 2 NWF J 356095 10 829.00} 0.03040 T 29 7s K 340000 8 891.991 0.92650] 3 200.00 : 3 208.32 1500.00] 8891.99 20000| 0.16 12 Cc uw 14 108.00] 0.04870 8580.00! 5 528,00 4 895.00 1306.00] 14108.00 14 400 0.596 2 M a 2°00. 00 2 853.00 i 404 a 5 73400) 0.04680 4 : i 5 786.00 500.00] 5 734.82) 3932.42) 0.04150 . ' romeo! 100.00 500.00 3932.42 3 388.25| 0.01770 933.291 114.00 3 388.25 a 12 790.00 3 200.00 2390.00] )}2 790.00 Zod 7 757.39 | 204.00 2757.39 12 000 0.30| 360000, __ 0 723.55| 0.06900] -¢500.00| 6223.55 . d , 41. : : 500.00) 10 723.55 15 000 0.30 4500.00) 9g 8 255.001 0.05400| 3949.00 700.50 seme § 255.00 3949.00] 12 291.00] 19 000 0.50 9570.30 | + 290.00 VW 953.00| 7 380.00, 2. 142709| 1622080 850.00] 1622080 12. 445.00] 2088.78 2.25 114.45/(E) 103.00] 256.93 7088.78 14.000 0.31 | 4380.00] (£) 125 EXPL, 8 38401 — 8 384.01 11.000 0.30 3 300.00 4478.00 0.0248 S73 4478.00 1 500.00 3403.62 3403.62 i sso} ___¢ The fi ee e FIGU! 566.80 (mao233 |_| 5| progor{ic 19 965.00 13 749.00| 6216.00] 0.0207 | 13 749.00 sql tal SSI 53481| 0.04800 13400; 400.81] 0. 3.35| 230.23 8 200 0.20 134.00 so : 307.60| 0.03700 7} Vises? W171 [A116 © Hf - (E)-Estimated oe — 19 mM) BLOGS (2)=Includes lamps and sundry supplies and ash removal Tyres //7 (1 Stories Pe ea eka ? 0.19 per sq fl per year eeu ts Cents (b):Total operaling cost ses ee [ [s| ease Oe ete eae mae | ioe ie | Oia detailed information not City Hall - = “ ~ : |. 827 (e)- Engineers only i ¢ Re Sante obtainable on these buildings JJ Little & lve 1.457 (f)= Allowance for maintenance of building whe arr lLargDeptstore| | 3-908] 12] 2.556 (9): Includes other expenses el aay! (h)- Includes item *64.06 for sundries , g Pachoi (i)+Includes itemsEdison breakdown service l@5and sundnes 22.64 (J)-One man at*780 per year (who could be dispensed with if plant were discarded (k):Applies to Electric Cost only (m)- Insufficient data lo estimate healings Fe n)-Includes cost of heating,runningice plant, hol waler system, care ( of the Building elevator vapalea repairs To ice air etc; Choad (0)= Based on Engineer's estimate, revisedto correspond to Pp: present cost of coal, and properly corrected for Fixed charges and labor. Security Mutual Life. Binghamton | Factory | hicago Building surfac GC Langsdorf Building Hendrick Hudson 0.257 _* Office Bld’g(9Storie: el er re aliron Blais [{indudes eahijmated allowelnce of For|intereat and eprecialicr ee it Pa eee eel ee eee ae eee eee i eed a ee een een a nae caceal a rec ne eee aaa ieee Depreciation | [| loo} JX for {ro 1 jy ui | NS |w I + on oO o 3 ° °° oa z 9 « Reawee as Oct 17 ISSI THE FFE SULTS OF TESTS NIADE /N A NUMBER OF PLANTS COST OF ISOLATED PLANT OPERATION ANNO NAINTE NANCE CONIPARP ED WITH OUTPUT EXPLANATORY NOTES COLUMN NO.1O0 The figures inth’s column show rhe 5| proporfiorzal cosf of the eleclric aa ae EEC AFF a ro C a = = = = a < = <0 < ATIapreonr| OF wAGoR [tabatuslr|[Anowasre | waren [-snotemne | mewere, Jtenron| "OTALCO°7] Scanian [Eevee] Sannoe [Amro] came FS) 713-00 16 500,00] 96 851.00 12 (E)5 600.00] 47 164.00 . 21 940.74 13180.81 — 6 318.00 +350.00| 2305400 TL 7500.00 oo0 12 6 545.23, 1 500.00] 18 235.6 11000 0.30 3 300.00 12 6 384.00) 18.192.76 { 5 560.00 12 8 617.00 23.0 sippliess Repairs 19 328.00 50.000 0.192| 9 eae. 12 oT T Soe 12,395.40 28 500 0.20| 5730.00 450 12 | t : 8o 12 3 208.32 8891.99} 20000] 0.16} 3200.00 L 12 14108.00 1+ 400} 0.596 8 580.00] 2 $00.00 40d a 518.88 5 734.82 |} 4203.52 Nes 6 393242 3 388,25 12 233/6400.00) 3200.00 _j 300.00 )2 790.00 300) \2 2914.23 273.63 7 757.39| 12 000 0.30] 360000 i 12 10 723.55 15 000 0.30 + 500.00) 9 aap & 255.00 3949.00) 2 2.75 | 12 291.00 19 000 0.50 9570.30] 12 11 953.00 7 380.00] 2 | 1622080 f 12 445.00 42 2.252 802.85 _3 195.00 . 7988.78 14000 0.31 4380.00] (£) 125 —— 8 384.01 11.000 0.30 3 300.00 2 788.00 4478.00) 1 §00.00) 3.15| 1348.48) 864.6 3403.62 550 G isegeg oa 566.80 S850 7300.09 100.00 800.00 19 965.00 1374900] 350, 3.35| 230.23] 189.00 (c) 11.40 5348) 8 200 0.20 134.00 Cg 2.45, 1400d(e) 85.00) 5.00 507.60 ~ Office Building * 0.19 per sg fk per year CENTS CENTS Sherwin Williams Plant City Hall Little & Ive erminal Bid’g 103 Park Av. Security Mutual Life.Binghamlon all on [Neal ba oO 3 |9 ~ a ~ |X a | a [a Oia oe ee 19 MISCELLANEOUS BLD" COST PER K.w.H Ir lo lelale Ss = 2 wn iQ. 4Q io {o 3 = {o om IE. = I Qo iS 2 ina x oe 2 lo rE ae 5 x ic 9 < ie ® IO ° a N JJ Oi Ino Olin Sit a a © |o | a [a fo | : bs - o | | 1.916 | ei (E)-Estimaled (Q)- Includes lamps and sundry supplies and ash removal (b):Total operaling cost (C)-Includes street current (d)- Includes oll, waste and lamps (e)- Engineers only (F)= Allowance for maintenance of building (g)+ Includes other expenses (h)- Includes item $64.06 for sundries (t)- Includes items Edison breakdown servicel2S.and sundnies*22.64 (J): One man at’780 per year (who could be dispensed with iF plant were discarded (k):Applies to Electric Cost only (m)- Insufficient datato estimate healing cost (n)-Includes cost of heating,running ice plant,hot water system, care of the building, elevator repairs repairs to ice plant etc; (0)= Based on Engineer's estimate, revisedto correspond to present cost of coal, and properly corrected for Fixed charges and labor. operating lebor Tolhe entire plaat Jao rr7 Pere evtlage. COLUMN No. 15 Interest ard depreciation show (17 [hls column For he varjous als /s based upon 1o% of The gross arrounl of the Rlart (r1vessi77 est: L£shirealed tler7s(E) obfajred LY assuring ¥4-0. per KW. capacity COLUMN NO. 18 The arnour/s as slaled 117 This coluret show lhe aclvol cost of heating one square foots of sear heat radiating Surface per year. Chad. G Chrrvze Consulting Engineer Oct 17,1910 oes M.B.BROWN PRINTING & BINDING CO_N.Y. OING IH ITV OF Vt! OTEZT FO u32 bug Gutyjnsuosy ‘e200 4UOLIGUOYUXS UO SWIBIS JOS41 UT, YOIYM OQ] 9} SI J of buturowsy aus? noap hue $1 sso0|b 40 oboyosdg PUuo UOG40D GO> BULS a Ponsa sy aoa out Ee pinion uso} Cieaties alin we Pu auiinac’ Om Buitenoni 6 Dae ™ DULL, 40 609 Out Du, USS 94094 SD No} Wy Jad 4ua> euo ebuoys eA0gy ey} Ul Stapisucd ‘o> ULZUDIT 214 499)9 2y ] "OLOA LEQ “OOGEL [9G OO! | * OGY Leet 8, SSL "GESGGl| EEG oo GO 4 OS? | each eit 7% OCT "O86 OOL oo0S . Sze « £2 “OCG SLY 00 GS ‘ OS "9G og LGSIGH «ECG oo SG e OS |osf hee PIS GLIG og LOCEZ | OC gz VSI ‘ OG seus ere! SUM LOel 009 g| SS ee OWN d OSES | SLY | cay foe Pla OF 1295 ea oad od] ad oa| cand | HMpoyubieoa| “Joon HG) ‘OD ONILHOM OALOT Ta AG “XKNOAG 2 NZ LIVHUNYW HOH SNILLHSTI Dav 4° LSOD seTZ WES. CHICAGO. EVUGEN COLLEGE OF MECHANICE &A ENGINGE RING UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN 4 uibug bursjasuo7y 2G PG gO! BjOSa|OUM: YOM dus uad pOL Of PeLUNOWID SIYt @IUDISUI pat+Sa4 D uy “SjDMeouat dui0d| JO $509 Duy spussetde JOOH “MWS sad. puss 2u0 abuoys BACGO By} UI SUspISUOD “07> diubry D499, SUL er ISIE! . ESIC o0PZle| CSR | 282 ee + GGL aoa | Goi og LIZEZ] OSL | 0992 OCG W VGG62) spect | “Gos oo OSt | SSO | aeZzZ L1G u 1 GG-OG Q oo 866! | IZ doled OCC " 168-624) oak? a oo CLES! OOL og IZ Qe 68-61) ssa ae a8Lrl | vob og IZ LIZ, "| GG-OG uot ne os Lblig]49CO! | os ZZ db Lig OGEE | S¢-09 1g "UOS] LIAO pA Puuduuryy [duo ued unoytso 4 ; -ouulf = [Sduu SOD {i oe aeol Wey) “eles ss cick ang SLOM Lim bIeSC) greet CLaidea le 2 Satdvd ALIO SOL ‘00 ONILHOTTI OlaLLoATa Ad CAHSINAOA Cv ‘SdNWT LNADSHAINYONI 20 LSOD WF AR CHAAICS & BNGINER RING Ces GIZIF2O pos ET be eng STIOLT = FFE F “ogo'ooo! obd'o0e Opo'o0s opo‘ooz] opo'oce} «= Oho'00g]} = Ogo'a0T, ~=—.O0'00¢ DO'OOZ goo'oole jae 2 Le 3 rr) ‘ al DOPCOOTE 5 —— ET OGOTONT a. ae D~ n at 5: 1 5] | Tl S hy — 2 Rh La R : = a oo = z 3[ CODD OOS =e pH DOGO? jz 8 ym aT ; Phy 3 a 3 S al Dp : s} -+— *5 ‘ z “CUD WO0UST = wd COW COVE): rT rc y upeuibu burtinsuds, ‘ = jad i. - tH aed y Be eee ee ee R - - _|- - r SD pafppunyde st 4pdane yy WM Fiyioah | Ut Joo} ; z uit BSOO Aut Ud) pe fODIDUL LAK ; L ees pponpopd pup euiblua out yba pate passod spu at 13] Os 4S. Los 2 - Py SusOS Jah jo ulos4s fq petosy. op hows yor wfU pPuo? 3G MOUt Oat pe Pzy 1S- ot SMOUS- 4rU 4) WMIUSANISNE V SOINVESEr! JO BDaTIT09 “ODVSINS OS N3OSZL3BIC ANAONS ee BOS by | eae ee it : ii k : ei es be ) ii P IN ." 0 ~ o> ° L D > >) x» oP. AL. Z 4 / £ / / / Dey. : ™~ COMBOS OF MECHANICS 2 BNCINBERING -baunbily t4Old jorpoy he i 4ybi7 “hk SSN USS py SOUS SPT PSrIocy = USI buh JO Ludi pepojos|, uO butuluns USUM ee [ wal hss TIOMPIy Pea ¢ysoy FO POSTIpamy DUIMOUC IID S 344 EXHIBIT 8 Introductory statement made by Mr. Armstrong in his speech before the Blue Room Engineering Society October 31, 1910, when copies of the charts and some of the information con- tained in the Armstrong report were made public upon his own responsibility. “Two months ago the Bureau of Municipal Research, which is doing effective work in the City of New York, in co-operation with public officials, in bringing about the adoption of business methods by the City government and better management of City Departments, asked me to study the feasibility of the City generating electrical current for lighting its public buildings. “For the past two months, with the assistance of Mr. Sheperdson assigned from the Bureau, I have made a study of the conditions as they exist, principally in the buildings of the Borough of Manhattan. I am about to submit my report to the Bureau, in which I unequivocally take the position that it is not only feasible for the City to generate electrical current for lighting its own buildings, but that not to do so would be gross waste and a violation of business methods. “T do not know. what position the Bureau of Municipal Research or the City Departments will take upon this matter, but I am convinced that if they act in accordance with the facts which I shall submit to them, every effort will be made to install and operate electrical generating apparatus in every city building where there is need for sufficient steam heating to generate the current as a by-product. “The Bureau has consented to my giving out at this meeting copies of several of the charts and diagrams which will be contained in my report. Before explaining these charts and diagrams I wish to say that Mr. Sheperdson, who is present, will be very glad to receive the names of any persons in the audience who would like to have a copy of this report sent to them. I am assured by the Bureau that they will be pleased to send copies to any persons expressing interest in receiving them.” 345 EXHIBIT 9 I Letter dated November 1, 1910, to the Bureau of Municipal esearch from Reginald P. Bolton, a consulting engineer from ne to time retained by the Department of Water Supply, Gas id Electricity, criticising the address of Charles G. Armstrong ‘fore the Blue Room Engineering Society. IT Reply to the above by the Bureau of Municipal Research questing a detailed statement of the errors in Mr. Armstrong’s reech. : III Answer from Mr. Bolton giving a tabulated statement of the rors which he found in the charts given out by Mr. Armstrong ‘ter his speech before the Blue Room Engineering Society. November 1, 1910. . W. H. Atien, Director of the Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway: My Dear Sir—Confirming my interview with you of this date, I draw your atten- n to the publication by Mr. Charles G. Armstrong, of a number of sheets numbered e to six, purporting to be a part of a report on the lighting of city buildings made r your Bureau, which were handed around to those who were present at a meeting led on Saturday last by an organization known as the “Blue Room Engineering ciety”; at which meeting, Mr. Armstrong gave an address on the subject of the solated Plant vs. the Public Venders of Electricity,” the controversial character of lich is indicated by its title. The charts in question were utilized by the speaker to advocate his personal view the subject as presented by himself, and no opportunity was afforded to those who ‘re present for discussion or analysis of the statements presented by the speaker, lich in general may be described as being partial and one-sided. I drew your attention to-day, to inaccuracies which appear on the face of the arts. I am sure that you will regret, as I do, that the authority of your Bureau ould be attached to the documents thus utilized and made public in this unauthor- d manner. I am, Yours very truly, (Signed) REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON. 346 II November 2, 1910. REGINALD PELHAM Botton, Esq., 527 Fifth Avenue, New York City: Dear Sir—Permit us to acknowledge your favor of November Ist, 1910, confirm- ing your verbal statement of the same date with reference to alleged errors in “a number of sheets numbered one to six, purporting to be a part of a report on the lighting of city buildings” made for this Bureau. I had reported your visit to Mr. Bruére, who was in charge of this investigation, and stated that you intended to write us in some detail pointing out the errors on tables marked as having been submitted to us, together with any other errors in Mr. Armstrong’s conclusions or statement of fact, for which the audience might have held this Bureau jointly responsible. I beg to repeat my assurance of yesterday that we shall not only welcome such detailed statement from you, but shall go into it carefully and after doing so welcome a conference with you. We hope you will care to send us such a statement at an early date. Yours very truly, (Signed) WM. H. ALLEN, Director. III November 7, 1910. Dr. Wm. H. Aten, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway: Dear Sir—In accordance with your letter of the 2nd instant, I now draw your attention to the following errors which appear upon the charts which were made pub- lic by Mr. Charles G. Armstrong on Saturday, October 29th, purporting to be exhibits accompanying a report made for your Bureau, and signed by Messrs. Armstrong and Sheperdson. On the tabulated statement presenting figures of the cost of operation of a num- ber of power plants, I find the following errors: In item A, the division of the first two figures as stated in column 4 is wrong. In item H, the division of the first figure into the second, as shown in column 4, is also incorrect. In item J, column 7, the net amount is larger than the gross amount as stated in column 4. Item S, column 15, is in error. Items a-c and a-d are worthless presentations, based upon totally insufficient period of time. In the tabulation of named buildings, the second item relating to cost of current production is, to my knowledge, incorrect. In the tabulations of heating costs, the fifth item is apparently based on figures which are to my knowledge, incorrect. The whole of the tabulated statements lack conclusiveness, and the final figures are derived from empirical assumptions of the cost of heating, which in those in- stances in which the amount of heating surface, column 17, is given, can be readily found to be incorrect. Chart No. 2, purporting to show the cost of incandescent lighting, does not state as it should, that the first item relates to the cost of operation of Tungsten lamps— the “tested instance,” does not state whether the replacement was a Tungsten or a carbon lamp. Chart No. 1, stating costs of operation of arc-lamps, includes an item relating to flaming arc-lamps, the renewals on which are greatly in excess of those of the 347 -dinary character. The criticism of the cost of renewals does not state that labor cludes transportation, wagon maintenance, and other charges connected therewith. Chart No. 3 purports to show the “size of a building in cubic contents which ay be heated by steam after same has passed through the engine and produced ie k. w. hours indicated on the base-line.” This chart is evidently based on totally incorrect assumptions—taking two points aly, the following conclusions are derived therefrom: Building contents, 500,000 cubic feet, corresponding winter k.w. consumption, 31,250 k. w. hours, at 60 pounds steam per k.w., the heating load would be 13,230 sunds steam per day, while the k. w. exhaust would only be 4,320 pounds. Taking another instance, 1,000,000 cubic feet capacity of building, require for eating, 21,000 pounds steam per diem. The corresponding k. w. capacity given on the aart affords 90,000 pounds of steam per diem. In other words, in the first instance, ie heating steam is four times the electrical exhaust; and in the other instance, the ectrical exhaust is four and one-half times the heating steam. I may add that the use of cubical contents as a basis for comparison of heating uty, has been found to lead generally to such incorrect conclusions as above stated. Chart No. 4 purports to show the cost of operation of the power plant at the merican Museum of Natural History. I investigated very thoroughly for the City Club the actual conditions obtaining . this institution, about a year and a half ago, and am, therefore, in possession of formation which I find does not appear on this chart. I draw your attention to line and figures stating the cost of labor, which is shown 3 amounting to $8,809 and to have been stationary for several years. As a matter of fact, the labor cost has risen from $10,000 to $13,000 in four years. The costs exhibited do not correctly show several minor items, and do not in- tude a number of items which should be included in the cost, such as ash-removal, pairs, insurance, liability-insurance, etc. Chart No. 5 purports to give a “comparison of costs per kilowatt hour running a isolated plant, or buying current.” The attempt to make comparisons of cost by the price of a k. w. hour is a finan- al error, which is now very widely recognized, inasmuch as an unnecessary increase | total consumption produces a relatively low appearance of cost. The chart as plotted, gives no details as to the particular conditions surrounding ie eleven results plotted but I observe that they do not agree with any of those which ave been offered in the large tabulated statement first referred to. The line of “Edison figures” shown above the plotted instances, is incorrect at yur points. There are a number of other features in connection with these presentations, gon which you should be informed before adopting such material as a basis for any ficial determination, and these I should be happy to discuss with you at the ptoposed »nference. I am, Yours very faithfully, (Signed) REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON. 348 EXHIBIT 10 I Letter from Mr. Arthur Williams, general inspector of the New York Edison Co., to the Bureau of Municipal Research on November 11, 1910, calling attention to errors in the charts given out by Mr. Armstrong during his speech before the Blue Room Engineering Society and asking for a copy of the report. II Reply to the above by the Bureau of Municipal Research denying any responsibility for Mr. Armstrong’s speech and set- ting forth the Bureau’s relation to the same. III Answer by Mr. Williams criticising the Bureau of Munic- ipal Research for allowing its name to be attached to Mr. Arm- strong’s exhibits, citing errors in the same, suggesting the need for careful investigation to prevent the publication of misstate- ments which cause injury to the Edison Company, and stating that the Edison Company would be glad to aid in the preparation of a fair and accurate report on the subject. IV Reply to the above by the Bureau of Municipal Research specifically setting forth its intention to make a thorough and impartial investigation of the lighting question. I November 11, 1910. Wuutam H. Atten, Esgq,., Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, City: Dear Sir—At a public meeting of “The Blue Room Engineering Society” some evenings ago, Mr. Charles G. Armstrong made an address concerning Central Station vs. Isolated Plant Electrical Service, to the detriment of the former, during which a number of papers were distributed to the audience endorsed “ Exhibit Accompanying the Report on Lighting City Buildings made for the Bureau of Municipal Research.” These papers bore in fac-simile, the signatures of Mr. Armstrong and of Mr. Shep- erdson, certified public accountant. They contain a number of material errors con- cerning this Company, which we regret exceedingly, as the facts could have been readily obtained on application at these offices. Mr. Armstrong stated that copies of his report could be obtained upon applica- tion to the Bureau. On behalf of this Company I would respectfully ask for such a copy. Truly yours, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, Nov. 15, 1910. General Inspector. 349 II [n. ARTHUR Wi.LIAMs, General Inspector, New York Edison Company, 55 Duane St., New York City: Dear Sir—In reply to your letter of November 11th, permit me to say that Mr. .rmstrong’s report on city lighting has not yet been submitted to the Bureau and i not yet ready for distribution. The Bureau of Municipal Research assumes no re- yonsibility for the data contained in the blueprints distributed by Mr. Armstrong at is talk to which you refer. This, we believe, Mr. Armstrong made clear at the out- 2t of his talk. While it is true that the signature of Mr. Sheperdson, who is a mem- er of our staff, appears upon these blueprints, it was affixed without authority, and rithout thought on Mr. Sheperdson’s part of its importance. Permit me to say that the Bureau of Municipal Research which is vitally inter- sted in the economical management of public departments, determined to ascertain > what extent the steam power plants might be economically and efficiently utilized 1 generating electricity for lighting public buildings. This work was undertaken in onnection with efforts being made by the Bureau to secure more efficient manage- ient of the steam plants in the city departments. The Bureau has no preconceived leas or prejudices in this matter. It asked Mr. Armstrong to report his views upon ae question in a formal manner, in order that this report might serve as a basis for onference and discussion with the various authorities who are interested in the ubject. Before making public Mr. Armstrong’s report, we shall endeavor to weigh care- ully both sides of the question, and if it seems desirable for us to do so, to state both ides for public consideration. Should you care to submit to us any data bearing pon this question, we shall be very glad to receive it. We are no more desirous of dvocating a practice which may prove wasteful of city resources than we are of eeing the city continue to lose an opportunity for utilizing to the fullest extent the ostly steam plants installed in the various buildings. You state that Mr. Armstrong’s exhibits contain a number of material errors oncerning your company. We certainly shall not knowingly publish any report which ontains errors respecting your company or respecting any other matter. We shall e most happy to receive information from you regarding these points, in order that re may make any necessary corrections. We believe it desirable to go to the bottom f this whole question of lighting public buildings and the use and efficiency of munic- yal steam plants. If you feel that you can assist us in getting at the facts, in the matter, we hall be very happy to avail ourselves of your co-operation. Very truly yours, (Signed) HENRY BRUERE, Director. III November 25, 1910. Tenry Bruere, Esq., Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, City: Dear Sir—Permit us to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 15th instant 1 reference to the paper presented before the Blue Room Engineering Society by fr. C. G. Armstrong. If you will kindly send a copy of the full report in question, ‘e shall be very glad to present to you our criticisms in detail, before its publication. ‘urther, this Company would be glad to render any assistance in its power in connec- 350 tion with such investigations as you desire to make concerning the cost of operating private electrical plants in this City. Several careful and comprehensive tests have already been made with much ex- penditure of time and money. This work has been done by competent engineers who were in no way prejudiced to either side of the question. We should be glad to let you have these results for use in your proposed investigation and public report. One covers a large modern hotel, the other an equally large, modern apartment, two ex- amples of the most difficult service for central station competition. Referring again to the paper and meeting in question, may we draw to your at- tention that one of the papers submitted to the audience purported to give the cost of generating a kilowatt hour of current in thirty different buildings, all, presumably, in this City. This paper with four or five others distributed to the audience, bears the endorsement “Exhibit Accompanying the Report on Lighting City Buildings made for the Bureau of Municipal Research,” and is signed in fac-simile by Mr. Charles G. Armstrong, Consulting Engineer and Mr. William Sheperdson, Certified Public Ac- countant. And, may we add, parenthetically, that while we appreciate, as you have written us, that the signature of Mr. Sheperdson is affixed without authority, you will doubt- less realize that this fact is not known to the several hundred persons present at the meeting, and perhaps many times this number amongst whom the report has been since circulated as representing the certified opinion of the Bureau of Municipal Re- search. These figures, wholly because of the form in which they have been circulated, have caused a great deal of disturbance in our relations with many of our large customers. No such collection of itemized information if accurately stated could have been collected except by a series of tests and investigations, involving large expenditure in time and money. Note please, notwithstanding, the character of the statements made as to the final costs of electric current: ‘Net cost per kilowatt hour” appear- ing at the top of Column 7. This is the column to which the reader is naturally attracted and upon which his mind is centered. With the certified endorsements he naturally feels justified in accepting the figures as accurate to the last degree. Yet upon that degree of more careful examination which the average reader can not, and the ardent advocate will not give, one finds a number of essential elements of cost omitted and many instances where the figures adopted are mere assumptions, grossly in favor of the isolated plant. Take as an illustration the figures following example Z, where the cost of mak- ing a kilowatt hour is given as 3.29 cents; to which is added the reference letter “m,” leading to the marginal explanation as meaning “ Insufficient data to estimate heating costs.” From this, seemingly very careful and exact statement is made, upon which no doubt exists concerning the accuracy of the stated electrical costs. Consider the items individually, and you will readily perceive how utterly worthless is the con- clusion, which is characteristic of the entire schedule. The entire cost of installation is placed at $40.00 a kilowatt, inclusive of switch- board, generators, engines, foundations, electrical connections, steam piping, and such part of the boilers as represent the difference between the present and that capacity needed for only heating the building; it must also be inclusive of architects and engi- neers’ fees and any special excavation and building construction. Again, nothing is allowed for insurance—fire, accident or liability—the cost of the latter being greatly enhanced under the present liability laws of the State; nothing for ash removal (column 14) ; nothing for supplies; nothing for repairs (column 13); nothing for water (column 12); $90.50 for oil and waste, for six months; $864.64 for labor and $1,348.48 for coal, all for operating a plant of 550 kilowatts. Apparently, as extraordinary as it may seem, the item for coal includes that required for heating the building. Notwithstanding the inadequacy of the estimated investment and consequently the 351 fixed costs; notwithstanding, also, the large number of material items of cost omitted, this report definitely states that “the net cost per kilowatt hour is only 3.29 cents.” Another illustration (A) is of a plant credited with generating 4,647,453 kilowatt hours yearly. We understand there is no plant in this city which even reports the generation of so large an amount of current. In at least two other instances the re- port assumes a price per kilowatt hour much below the understood facts, and where this Company has formally offered to guarantee that if its system be utilized, the annual saving will be not less than 10 per cent. upon the plant costs. Passing to the other certified copies of parts of the report distributed at the meet- ing, we find that each contains material errors in stating the prices and practices of this Company, or where the service of this Company is not directly referred to the reports themselves are based upon data clearly inaccurate, insufficient or inapplicable to the purposes for which the report was made. In the case of the Museum of Natural History upon which special cost curves were shown and distributed, the actual expenditures for salaries as given item by item fail to agree with and are much under the City’s own records of the salaries paid to the employees of that excellent institution. What is perhaps more to the point in this particular matter, the report fails to state that this Company has formally offered to operate the plant of the Museum with a guaranteed minimum saving of 10 per cent. to the City compared with the cost of operating the plant by the City during the last two years. The foregoing instances, which include but partial references to the errors brought to our attention, will suggest some of the reasons why the report in its present form should not be issued. We should hope further that no report would be issued by your Bureau which had not been made the subject of careful investigation and which does not give, item by item, results which cannot be questioned either by those who favor or those who oppose the installation and operation of private plants in this City. This Company would gladly lend its resources to such an undertaking, fairly conducted. In the meantime, so much publicity having been given these figures and so much injury has been and continues to be done the service of this Company, through the widespread circulation of these erroneous statements, we venture to urge that this injustice can be perhaps partly corrected by a statement from your Bureau to the effect that the report was neither received nor issued by it, and that the signatures it bears, under reference to the Bureau, have been so attached without the Bureau’s authority. We feel that under the circumstances this is the least that should be asked from a department of municipal activity supported and conducted by men of the highest integrity in our community—a department which should and, we feel assured, will demand the highest measure of public regard and support. Truly yours, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Inspector. IV November 30, 1910. Mr. ArtHur WILLIAMS, General Inspector, The New York Edison Company, 55 Duane Street, New York City. Dear Sir—Permit me to acknowledge your favor dated November 25th, but received this morning, relating to the subject of our inquiry into the cost of generating electricity. I beg to assure you that we shall be most pleased to receive from you any impartially prepared data bearing upon the cost of the generation of electricity in isolated plants. We shall also be very glad to secure your criticism of Mr. Arm- strone’s report. when we receive it. in advance of its publication. 352 With regard to making tests of plants, we, of course, would feel it necessary that such tests be made by persons not in the employ of your company, nor avowedly opposed to the principle of a central plant. We could not, therefore, comply with your suggestion that such test be made at the expense of your company. We have inquired into the accuracy of the figures of costs at the Museum of Natural History, and have received official verification of them. I think that you place too much importance upon the fact that Mr. Sheperdson’s name appears upon the chart. Preliminary to reading his paper the other night, Mr. Armstrong made a very clear statement to the effect that he “did not know what position the Bureau of Municipal Research or the city departments would take upon this matter.” For the facts which he made public he assumed responsibility, and Mr. Sheperdson’s connection with the Bureau is not indicated on the chart. We should have no objection to your informing such of your clients as have been influenced by the mistaken impression that the Bureau of Municipal Research has published a report on this question, that we have published no such report, and have reached no conclusion with respect to the feasibility and economy of generating electricity in isolated plants in the public buildings of New York City. I desire to reaffirm what I said in my letter of the 15th inst., that we propose to go into this question as thoroughly as possible and with the greatest impartiality. We shall endeavor to avoid any injustice to your company, and at the same time determine whether or not the City of New York suffers any loss by reason of its failure to generate its own electricity. Very truly yours, (Signed) HENRY BRUERE, Director. 353 EXHIBIT 11 I Letter from Mr. Charles G. Armstrong to the Bureau of Municipal Research on November 16, 1910, protesting against any dropping of the investigation of the lighting question and suggesting the conducting of an impartial test of any plant in reasonable condition, and contending that the facts obtained would corroborate his report. II Set of resolutions drafted by the Blue Room Engineering Society endorsing Mr. Armstrong’s opinion and offering to undertake, at the society’s expense, a practical operating test of any plant mentioned in Mr. Armstrong’s schedule about which the Bureau might be in doubt. November 16, 1910. Henry Bruere, Esq., Bureau of Municipal Research: Dear Sir—The hysterical efforts of the Edison Company to discourage you from going into the question of their exorbitant charges and discriminating conduct proves conclusively how badly they are frightened. It is decidedly unfair on their part to call in Mr. Sheperdson and grill him in the presence of two or three lawyers over points that have no material effect or value. The results of their attack, so far, have not changed our position, on the average, a perceptible amount. In the case of the 80c. gas, the same clique of men adopted the same tactics they are now pursuing with you, raising all kinds of dust to obscure the real issue. If you will note in The World of yesterday, Staten Island was without light from 6:30 until 11 o’clock. Just consider what this would have meant if the Sea View Hospital was in full operation and taking its current for its laundry, elevators, kitchens and for other lighting purposes from the Central Station plant, also remember that this is not the first case, but there have been many cases, also that our efforts to obtain any record of these shut-downs from the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity have been frustrated. In fact, one of the hardest problems in combating the lighting trust is to get evidence. We are obliged to go into the camp of their friends in order to obtain it. It is quite natural that they themselves, without knowing it, furnish us ammunition to shoot them with. I am told that Mr. Williams of the Edison Com- pany intends to see you about this matter to further discourage you from proceeding with the investigation. I have also been informed that the Blue Room Engineering Society have sent you a copy of a resolution, in which they agree to prove statements made by me by actually testing any plant. An honest, impartial test made of any plant in reasonable condition will corroborate all the statements I have made. Plants, like individuals, differ in efficiency and general makeup. No two plants will test just alike. From them all can be gained a conclusion, that is satisfactory to any reasonable man, that an isolated plant is much cheaper than a Central Station, particularly where heating is a factor. We are right in this matter, and if the subject is calmly and ceranaly fallawed aut wa will arin in the lane rin Thie ficcht ie a 354 new one to you but an old one to me. I have been fighting the lighting trust twenty years and know their tactics thoroughly. Very truly yours, Cuas. G. ARMSTRONG, Consulting Engineer. II Henry Bruere, Esq., Director Bureau Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, City. Dear Sir—At a meeting of the Blue Room Engineering Society held Thursday, November 3rd, 1910, the following resolution was drawn up and unanimously adopted: “Wuereas, One of our members, Mr. Chas. G. Armstrong, presented to us at a meeting held October 29th, 1910, an address on the subject of Isolated Plants vs. Central Stations, in which he gaye certain engineering facts and made certain engineering statements relative to the cost of operating isolated plants as compared with the cost of taking current from central stations; “That we are all and every one of us engineers understanding both practical and theoretical engineering, we do hereby concur in every statement made by Mr. Armstrong, also the engineering statements as presented by his charts, copies of same which we have; “Further, we know from practical experience that the results obtained by him must be correct, as they correspond in every way with our experience in the operation of isolated plants.” If there is any doubt in the mind of the Bureau as to the cost of operating any plant mentioned in Mr. Armstrong’s schedule, we will undertake at our own expense to make a practical operating test on said plant, under every possible protection to insure accuracy and reliability and will produce results, and believe from our united experience in this business we will produce results corresponding to those obtained by Mr. Armstrong. The reason for sending you the above resolution is that we know the tactics of the Edison Company and know they will begin immediately by a series of sub- terranean methods to deter you from entering into this fight. From most unexpected sources, information will probably be sent to you to discontinue this fight. We know our cause is a just one and we can produce proof and stand ready to do so at your command. Yours very truly, J. W. Buxton, Chairman, (SEAL) F. E. Sryzes, A. B. Da.sec. (Attested) 355 EXHIBIT 12 Copy of the report on “ Lighting Public Buildings” con- taining the endorsements of Professor R. C. Carpenter of the Department of Experimental Engineering, Cornell University, and Professor Lester P. Breckenridge of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, as finally prepared for publication by the Bureau of Municipal Research, but never published. Preliminary copies of this report were submitted to the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, the New York Edison Co., and others for criticism, and the criticisms of the first two mentioned people are incorporated in this report. The data used in this report were obtained from actual records of the operation of ten representative buildings in the City of New York. REPORT ON LIGHTING PUBLIC BUILDINGS BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH 261 BROADWAY January 18, 1911 FOREWORD. The Bureau of Municipal Research undertook the inquiry upon which this report is based during the course of a series of reorganization studies of the Department of Public Works in the office of the President of the Borough of Manhattan, made during the year 1910. One of the principal responsibilities of the President of the Borough of Man- hattan is the care and conduct of public buildings. In many of these buildings heating systems are operated, and in some of them electrical current is generated. Early in its studies the Bureau found that unnecessary employees, lack of proper discipline, absence of definite regulations governing the operation of plants, neglect of equipment—in short, every condition promotive of high cost of operation and low efficiency of service prevailed in practically every engine room for which the Borough President is responsible. A report on existing conditions led the Borough President to undertake a complete reorganization of engine room methods and forces, and the rehabilitation and modernizing of the equipment. This work was placed under the supervision of Mr. Charles G. Armstrong, a consulting engineer of wide experience in the installation and operation of steam and electrical plants. Mr. Armstrong early suggested, among other things, that a considerable saving could be effected in the cost of heating and lighting of the City Hall, Brown Stone and County Court House buildings, all situated in City Hall Park, if steam and current were supplied them from the Hall of Records, located across the street. This building was already equipped with boilers and generators of sufficient capacity not only to supply its own needs, but to care for the three other city buildings as well. None of the buildings in City Hall Park was equipped with a heating system, except the Brown Stone Building, where the plant was old and inefficient, the supply for the City Hall and the County Court House building being secured from 356 a central steam company. All of them were supplied with electrical current by a central lighting company. After careful consideration, the Borough President ordered plans prepared to carry out Mr. Armstrong’s suggestion. Under a resolution of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment then in force, it was found necessary to submit to the water commissioner, for his approval, that part of the plans which related to the con- struction of the necessary electrical conduits. The water commissioner declined to approve the plans for laying the conduits, on the ground that, in his judgment, it would not be economical to extend the electrical service of the Hall of Records to the City Hall Park buildings. The lighting bureau of the water department has consistently maintained that the low efficiency of the city engine rooms, resulting from civil service rules and other conditions, make it practically impossible for municipal isolated generating plants to manufacture electrical current as economically as it may be purchased under prevailing contracts from the central lighting companies. The Borough President, advised by Mr. Armstrong, maintained that electrical current might be generated as a by-product from the steam necessarily developed for heating purposes for at least 200 days in the year. For the remaining portion of the year, he argued that while steam for heating is not required in as large quantities, a corresponding reduction occurs in the lighting load, because of the greater length of days. Mr. Armstrong, speaking from his experience, contended that it was possible in private buildings of suitable proportions, which are using a sufficient quantity of steam for heating purposes, to manufacture electrical current at a very much lower cost per K. W. hour than the rates now paid by the city to central lighting companies. He further maintained that if this were possible in private buildings, it should be made possible in public buildings. To the Bureau of Municipal Research, which aims to secure in the conduct of public business the same degree of efficiency that prevails in private business, it seemed desirable to learn why a result which is possible in private buildings could not be achieved in public buildings as well. The Bureau, therefore, undertook to secure definite information concerning the factors entering into the cost of producing electrical current in private buildings, and to learn what special conditions, if any, prevailed in public buildings which would result in a difference in cost. The Bureau requested Mr. Armstrong to supervise and direct the work of collecting and analyzing the data on the cost of producing electrical current in various private buildings. The data presented in this report were secured from the records of operation kept in the various buildings to which they relate, and are believed to be accurate. The estimates of cost are based upon liberal allowances for all factors involved. In order that the Bureau might not be led to conclusions which, while seemingly supported by the cost data, might be technically unsound, it submitted a draft of its report to the following recognized authorities: Dr. Rolla C. Carpenter, Professor of Experimental Engineering, Cornell University. Mr. Lester Paige Breckenridge, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Shef- field Scientific School, Yale University. The opinions of those experts are presented in the introduction to this report. BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH. 357 INTRODUCTION EXPERT CRITICISMS OF REPORT Dr. Rolla C. Carpenter Ithaca, N. Y., February 3, 1911. “Bureau Municipal Research, “261 Broadway, New York: “GENTLEMEN—I have given careful consideration to the estimates which you have made under date of January, 18, 1911, as to the relative cost of lighting public buildings from an isolated plant located in the buildings, as compared with the purchase of electrical current from a central company. “As a result of my investigation I have reached the conclusion that the data on which your calculations are based are conservative, reasonable and correct for operating conditions, and that your method of calculating results from such data is correct and calculated to give estimates which may be realized in practice. “T especially refer to the following points relating to the data and the method of calculating costs in the problem under consideration: “(1) The problem to be decided obviously involves the additional cost due to the installation and the operation of a lighting plant over and above the costs now incurred in the operation of the plant for heating, ventilating, pumping, etc. Any estimate of the cost of operating an isolated plant for lighting which neglects con- sideration of the heating plant would be misleading. “(2) The heating season averages more than 200 days per year in the City of New York. “(3) The heaviest lighting demand occurs during the heating season and about the time of the demand for most heat. “(4) Each square foot of radiator surface may be conservatively estimated as condensing 14 pound of steam per hour during the heating season. “(5) One square foot of radiation is required in heating buildings for 60 to 100 cubic feet of space, depending upon exposure. “(6) The evaporation of steam per pound of coal depends upon the quality of the coal, method of firing, etc. With small anthracite coal, an evaporation of 7.5 pounds of water for one of coal from feed water at 200 degrees F., steam at 220 pounds pressure, is a conservative and reasonable estimate. Better results can usually be obtained. “(7) Exhaust steam is nearly as valuable as live steam for heating purposes. Your estimate that 90 per cent. of the steam supplied an engine is available for heating is fair and reasonable. “(8) The maintenance of high pressure steam sufficient to operate steam engines or turbines which exhaust into steam mains or into heaters, does not require in practice more coal than to operate the plants with low pressure steam. “(9) My experience indicates that during the heating season the amount of steam required for heating is, except at rare intervals, much in excess of that required for the lighting engines, under the usual requirements of a public building. It follows, therefore, that during the heating season additional fuel will seldom be required for the lighting plant. “(10) The question of additional help over and above that usually employed to operate the steam plant and also the fixed charges on the lighting plant are in my opinion conservatively stated in your report. “Yours very truly, “ (Signed) R. C. CARPENTER.” 358 Prof. Lester Paige Breckenridge New Haven, Conn., February 13, 1911. “Bureau of Municipal Research, “261 Broadway, New York City: “Subject: Review of Report on Lighting Public Buildings. “ GeNTLEMEN—Acting in accordance with your request, I have reviewed the above report dated January 18, 1911. I desire to say in connection with this report as follows: “1. I consider the report substantial in its premises and correct in its con- clusions. There may be some opportunity to differ in connection with the constants assumed in connection with this report, but any difference of opinion which I may have is insignificant when the report is considered in its entirety and would make little difference in its final conclusions. “2. I have grouped together in the following table the principal engineering constants assumed in the development of this report and I have given what would seem to me might fairly be assumed for these constants, in some cases differing slightly from the assumptions made: “ CoMPARISON OF ENGINEERING ConsTANTS AS Usep IN Report AND THOSE WHICH IN THE OPINION OF THE WRITER WOULD BE JUSTIFIED. Used Advised by in L. P. Report | Breckenridge (a) Pounds of steam per hour to produce a KW.. ‘ 40 35 (b) Number of cubic feet of space heated by one sq. ft. ofradiation| 100 80 to 140 (Would advise constructing curves for both minimum and maximum conditions.) (c) Number of days in the year requiring heat in buildings, vicinity of New York......... 0.0.00 eee eee eee 200 220 (d) Number of pounds of water sie neues Per pound o of coal (at and from 212°). . a Gece: 74% 8-814 (e) Percentage of ash in CON colnet ee ste cane aad 18-20% 12-18% “3. I consider that the cost of labor—chargeable to the production of electric current—should be determined by charging to this item the amount which would be saved to the plant by reason of the labor discharged, provided the electric generating plant should be discontinued. “4, T consider a charge of ‘75 per cent. of the total oil and waste used’ as an excessive charge for many plants. It might be a ‘proper’ charge in some types of plant (many elevators and pumps). “5. I consider a charge of from $60 to $100 per K. W. as sufficient for first cost of plant, $100 per K. W. would pay for many good plants including boilers. “6. I consider ‘11.9 per cent.’ as an adequate amount for ‘indirect charges,’ excluding rental of floor space. (There is opportunity for difference of opinion on this item. I mention that it has been assumed that in all cases there is ample steam generating apparatus. Uneconomical appliances are not objectionable, provided always that a considerable part of the steam for heating must be sup- plied directly from the boiler). “7. TI consider the ‘credit for heating’ determined on the ‘coal percentage’ basis is sufficiently accurate and a satisfactory method. (The percentage of heat received by the engines which will be given back to the heating system is again possible of considerable variation—but in the usual fairly well designed system 359 the least percentage to be expected would be 80 per cent.). With the constants which I have assumed this percentage would then be: 80 220 — X — equals 48.2% 100 365 which is about 1 per cent. less than the amount proposed in the original report. “ Note—It would be seen that the constants used and proposed are essentially in accord. If the constants advised were actually used it is evident that a still better showing would be made for the cost of electrical energy produced in the ten buildings used as examples in the development of this report. “T have carefully gone over the items 1-to 12 in the recapitulations of this report and I believe they are justified by the facts as set forth in the report itself as well as by facts which are familiar to expert heating engineers. “TI desire to commend this report for its clearness of statement and for the concise and brief recapitulations and recommendations which it contains. “In conclusion let me suggest that in place of making all these estimates and comparing all these opinions of the varying factors, we at once have an opinion on: ‘What does it cost to generate electric current in the usual building or group of buildings, which are already supplied with and must operate boilers for heating these buildings?’ “ Ans.—(a) 2 cents per K. W. hour for plants 1,000 to 3,000 h. p. (b) 3 cents per K. W. hour for plants 500 to 1,000 h. p. “Trusting that this review may be helpful in connection with the above report, I am, “Very respectfully, “ (Signed) L. P. Breckenrince.” Mr. Charles G. Armstrong The following statement from Mr. Charles G. Armstrong affords additional assurance of the technical soundness of the assumptions and estimates contained in this report: January 25th, 1911. “ Bureau of Municipal Research, “261 Broadway, New York City: “ GentLEMEN—Referring to the report on lighting city buildings which was submitted to you a few days ago, it gives me pleasure to state that I was afforded the opportunity of supervising the work done in securing the data upon which your report is based. I have given the most careful consideration to all its details and especially to the assumptions and estimates used throughout this report. “In every estimate I have suggested using figures usually more liberal than my practice of over twenty years has shown. There are no scientific statements contained in this report with which I do not agree in every detail. “T have conferred with other consulting engineers and have received from them unqualified substantiation of my judgment in this matter. “Very truly yours, “ (Signed) Cas. G. ARMSTRONG.” 360 For the information of readers who are not familiar with the reputation of the three men whose opinions have been set forth above, a short sketch of their experience and work is here appended: BIOGRAPHIES Rolla C. Carpenter, C. E., M. S., M. M. E. and LL.D., is professor in experimental engineering at Cornell University and a well known writer on engineering subjects. He has conducted a large number of plant and engine tests, and has designed heating and ventilating systems for public buildings. His text books on experimental engineering and on heating and ventilating are recognized authorities. Dr. Carpenter was a judge at the World’s Exposition in the department of machinery and also a judge of power and machinery at the Pan-American and Jamestown expositions. Lester Paige Breckenridge, M. E., is a graduate of the mechanical engineering department of the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. After several years of practical mechanical work he became a professor of mechanical engineering in the Michigan Agricultural College and later director of the engineering experimental station in the University of Illinois. Professor Breckenridge has acted as consulting engineer to some of the largest enterprises in the United States, and was in charge of the boiler division of the United States Geological Survey Fuel Testing Plant in St. Louis from 1904-1910. He is now professor of mechanical engineering at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Charles Goold Armstrong received his technical education at the University of Illinois, and in 1889 started practice as a consulting engineer. He served in this capacity for various state institutions of Illinois and also was state engineer for the boards of control of the states of Wisconsin and South Dakota. He has installed and supervised numerous plants in buildings located in various cities, of which the following are among the most important: Chicago, Ill, Auditorium Hotel, theatre and office building, Chicago Stock Exchange; Illinois Central Railroad Passenger Station. Milwaukee, Wis., new City Hall. Sioux Falls, S. D., state prison. Waupun, Wis., state prison. Indian- apolis, Ind., insane asylum. New York City, Singer Building, Emigrant Industrial Bank Building, Riviera Realty Company Building. 361 REPORT ON LIGHTING PUBLIC BUILDINGS New York City is confronted with the responsibility of determining the ad- visability of generating electric current in certain of its public buildings, or of con- tinuing the present general practice of buying current from a company operating a central lighting station. This question presents itself for consideration in three aspects: 1. Whether a gain to the city would result if certain public buildings were equipped to generate electric current in place of purchasing current from electric lighting companies, 2. Whether a gain to the city would result if the electric generating ap- paratus in certain public buildings were dismantled, the apparatus sold and current purchased from an electric lighting company. 3. Whether a gain to the city would result if the electric generating ap- paratus in certain public buildings now equipped were shut down, the apparatus left idle and current purchased from an electric lighting company. It is not contended that in every public building it is advisable to operate an isolated plant but only in those buildings where steam is required in large quantities for several other purposes. This report shows that the city is losing considerable sums yearly by prohibiting the operation of certain plants already installed and by delaying the installation of others in buildings where such an installation is economically warranted, WHAT CONSTITUTES AN ISOLATED PLANT The economy of operating isolated plants has been discussed at some length from time to time by prominent engineers but generally from a scientific standpoint. In order that the nontechnical may understand that an isolated plant is merely the extension of a steam plant, the elements that an “isolated plant” may have are given below, subdividing the apparatus as it relates to the “steam plant” or to the “electric generating plant.” “Steam Plant ’— 1. Boilers. Coal and ash handling apparatus. Draft system. Various pumps. Elevator pumps, Water pumps. Sump ejectors. Air pumps, Oil pumps. Drip pumps. Feed pumps. h. House pumps. Refrigerating machine. Sterilizing apparatus. Hot water tank. Blow-off tank. Ventilating system. Pressure reducing valve, Pop Bmp ao ‘as SOWMNAN 362 “Electric Generating Plant ’— 1. Engines. 2. Dynamos. 3. Switchboard. The four main functions demanded from such an installation are: (1) heating, (2) supplying water, (3) ventilating, (4) lighting and power. 1. Heating It is absolutely necessary in this latitude to have provision for heating. The most approved and modern method within reasonable cost is steam heating. This requires boilers, coal handling apparatus, pumps, piping, water connections, coal, labor, water, ash removal, supplies, etc. In the case of a hotel, hospital or high grade office building, a refrigerating machine, sterilizing and steam cooking apparatus, etc., will be added. All of these appliances require a large quantity of live steam. 2. Supplying Water Another customary item of building operation is water supply for domestic and steam apparatus purposes. A feed pump and a pump of some other character will have to be provided to force the water, used for domestic purposes, to the upper floors as there are few locations where the city pressure is sufficiently high and reliable to make pumping unnecessary. 3. Ventilating In all modern buildings artificial ventilation of some sort is required and is generally supplied by motor driven fans. 4. Lighting and Power Lighting is done by electricity in modern buildings and elevators are often run by electric power. Labor Force Necessary to Operate the Above Plant Whether an isolated plant performs the dual function of being a combined heat- ing and electric generating plant, or solely a heating plant, it will have to be attended by a competent engineer on each shift, assisted by firemen, oilers, ash removers, general repair men, cleaners, etc. Addition of Engines and Dynamos Should it be desired to have the plant of a building include a generating plant, the addition of engines, dynamos, switchboard and other small appliances becomes necessary. No Material Increase in Labor Force As there are usually from three to four times more steam users (other than engines) than generators, the addition of engines and dynamos will necessitate little or no addition to the labor force required for the heating plant. Moreover the law requires that licensed engineers be employed in any boiler installation carrying more than ten pounds pressure, regardless of the number of steam users. 363 UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS DOES IT PAY TO GENERATE ELECTRIC CURRENT IN AN ISOLATED PLANT? The question of when an isolated electric generating plant is a paying investment obviously depends upon the relative cost of electric energy generated in such a plant to the cost of an equivalent quantity of energy purchased from a central station. Small isolated electric lighting and power plants could not compete with pur- chased power if the generated power were not produced as a by-product of a steam plant. All buildings in the vicinity of New York are heated during a portion of the year and this heating is usually done by steam. Where steam is used, the generation of electric energy for lighting and power purposes becomes a paying undertaking when the balance is in favor of the heating requirements. It would not be wise to generate a large quantity of power, the exhaust from which would be in excess of the steam requirements of the heating plant. As a matter of fact, such a condition rarely prevails but instead one is generally confronted with the following situation: A certain amount of boiler equipment is necessary to accomplish the proper heat- ing of the building. This heating is carried on during two hundred days (at least) of the year and entails the consumption of coal, the employment of labor, the purchase of supplies, and the necessary up-keep and repair expenses, as the main item. In no way will any of these expenses, with the exception of fuel, be increased during the two hundred days in question by the interposition of a generating plant between the steam making and steam consuming plants. The fuel bill will be slightly in- creased since in addition to furnishing the necessary heat units to the building for heating purposes, a certain amount of heat units is required for the conversion of heat energy into electric energy. ‘ RELATION OF ELECTRICAL OUTPUT TO HEATING CAPACITY It is a recognized principle that for every square foot of radiation there is re- quired on the average 14 of a pound of steam, or for every 160 square feet of radiation 40 pounds of steam. Since a small engine of average economy requires about 40 pounds of steam to produce a K. W., it is obvious that the steam necessary to maintain 160 square feet of radiation will, on its way to that radiation, if passed through a small engine, pro- duce a K. W. of electric energy as a by-product. Dr. Carpenter and Professor Breckenridge in their criticisms, given in the intro- duction'to this report, state that one square foot of radiation will maintain a desired temperature on the average in: 60 to 100 cubic feet of building contents (Dr. Carpenter). 80 to 140 cubic feet of building contents (Professor Breckenridge). A fair average between those assumptions, minimum (60 cubic feet), and maximum (140 cubic feet), would be 100 cubic feet of building contents to every square foot of radiation. Accordingly: 100 cu. ft. of bldg. cont. (aver.) Y Ib. of fequiva-f 1sq. ft. of \equiva- 140 cu. ft. of bldg. cont. (max.) 60 cu. ft. of bldg. cont. (min.) steam | lent to\ radiation { lent to hour f lent to\of steamf lent to| radiation { lent to{ 16,000 cu. ft. of bldg. cont. (aver.) 1 K.W.)\equiva- i Ibs. fa ee aq. ft. ee 9,600 cu. ft. of bldg. cont. (min.) 22,400 cu. ft. of bldg. cont. (max.) On this basis chart No. 1 has been prepared, showing the relation of the size of the building to be heated, to the annual electrical output that the steam, required for 364 heating, will produce as a by-product. Furthermore, the chart has taken account of the fact, which is borne out by general experience, that 75% of the yearly power generated is consumed during the two hundred days of the winter months. CHART aces or CaicuraTion fone lb Steam —1 i ofiRad, ; .O cu: Ig ContGnin fi. Rad, — Senaed eafiRod - fies of Steam — IK WH Load —~ 20cDoyea One Day — IB Hours 4c0q000 From the above it is very apparent that climatic conditions in New York are favorable to the operation of the isolated plant, 7. e., the period in which the heaviest heating is required corresponds to the period when the heaviest lighting takes place. If the assertion made be contested on the ground that the early morning lighting and heating loads are not proportionate, it may be stated that this is only true when the heating plant is entirely shut down at night. It is a well known fact, among heating engineers, that it is cheaper to maintain an even temperature at night than to shut down the heating plant entirely. The preceding is a general statement of the argument for isolated plants. Mere theory or argument, however, is not sufficient ground for deciding a question of policy in so weighty a matter. Nor are counter arguments of a general nature suf- ficient evidence for the continuance of the present practice. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy in collecting data of actual practice and operation in buildings in this city. A compilation of the figures obtained will be found in another portion of this report. The proper manner to determine the annual cost of making electric power in an isolated plant in any building would be to compare for the same building the cost of operating a plant including electric generating apparatus with the cost of operating a plant without such apparatus. Obviously in practice this is seldom possible. In view of the fact that in this comparison the cost of electric energy must be determined per K. W. hour in order to be comparable with rates per K. W. hour quoted by the central station companies, and in view of the additional fact that in buildings where individual electric plants are operated this cost is generally included in the total cost of the plant, it is necessary to define an arbitrary method which will be applied to this total to arrive at an estimate of the cost of a K. W. hour. Of necessity this cost is only an Estimate. However, it should be stated that the arbitrary percentages and ratios entering into these calculations are sufficiently liberal to make the apparent cost of current higher than if a more direct method of deter- mining the results were available. 365 FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE OPERATION OF AN ISOLATED PLANT The items that enter into the cost of producing a K. W. hour are: Direct charges— Cost of fuel. . Cost of labor. Cost of ash removal. Cost of oil and waste. Cost of water. Cost of supplies and repairs. AuPONP Indirect charges— 7. Rent of floor space. 8. Interest on investment. 9. Depreciation. 10. Insurance. 1l. Taxes. In arriving at the cost per K. W. hour in a combined lighting and heating plant, different engineers have different views as to the distribution of the total operating costs between the two services. There seems to be no uniformity of opinion among engineers even in regard to the general method by which the costs should be dis- tributed and therefore in order to show the basis adopted in this report the following method is presented in detail. Direct Charges (1) Cost of fuel ’ Taking the total K. W. hours generated and assuming 40 pounds of steam per K. W. hour we arrive at the total pounds of steam used by the engines. Estimating the evaporation at 714 pounds of water (at 210 degrees, Fahrenheit, to steam at 120 pounds gage) per pound of coal, in the plants where no tests were made, and using the actual figures of pounds evaporated per pound of coal in the buildings where such figures were available, we obtain the total pounds of coal chargeable to the engines. Knowing the price of coal delivered we arrive at the gross cost of coal chargeable to engines. The relation of this latter amount to the total cost of coal used equals a percentage (designated as “coal percentage”) which will serve as a basis for dis- tributing other costs subsequently shown. Since the coal chargeable to engines produces the steam which is required to drive them, and having performed that duty, the surplus heat energy in the form of exhaust steam is used for heating, a credit should be allowed the engines for this heating service. The engines will eject into the heating system 90% of the heat received during the two hundred days that heating is carried on. For that period therefore engines should be credited with 90% of their coal bill which in fact actually serves to supply heat needed, irrespective of the presence or absence of the engines. During the re- maining period no credit has been allowed the engines, although exhaust steam has been supplied throughout the entire year to hot water feeders, steam condensing apparatus, etc. On the above assumptions there may be given to the engines an average credit for the entire year of 90 x 200 equals 49.31 per cent. 365 366 This average percentage should be applied to the estimated gross cost of fuel chargeable to electric current generation, crediting the latter and charging the heating system, (2) Cost of labor Under labor the total amount of the engineering department’s payroll relating to the operation of the entire plant has been considered. This consists of fire room, engine room and supervision labor. Only the labor which could be dispensed with, if engines and dynamos were not installed or if their operation were discontinued, has been considered a proper charge against the cost of electric current. In every instance the opinions of engineers in charge, and the laws and ordinances of this city, were consulted in determining the amount of such dispensable labor. In almost every instance it was found that one oiler or helper could be dis- charged, and in some very large buildings that four or five men could be dispensed with e. g., an engineer, a fireman, a coal passer, a cleaner and a repair man. The total amount annually paid these dispensable employees is the saving that would result in the labor cost by discontinuing the electric generating plant. (3) Cost of ash removal The records kept by the chief engineers as a rule showed the cost of ash removal, but in some buildings ashes and garbage are removed by contract for a lump sum. In such instances it was assumed that from the total coal used 18% to 20% of ash would remain to be removed. By this means the number of pounds of ashes to be removed was determined. Figuring the cost of removal at the high rate of 8c. per 200 pounds the proportion of the total contract price chargeable to ash removal was approximately ascertained. The total cost of ash removal was thereupon distributed in accordance with the “coal percentage” previously mentioned. The amount so determined represents the gross cost of ash removal chargeable to engines. Deducting from this latter amount the credit for heat furnished, namely, 49.31%, the net cost of ash removal chargeable to engines was determined. (4) Cost of oil and waste The total cost of oil and waste was distributed by charging the electric generating plant with 75% of the total oil and waste used in the plant. This percentage was deliberately made excessive. (5) Cost of water In some instances it was found that the water was metered prior to entering the boilers and in such instances it was possible to obtain the exact amount used in steam generation. In other instances, where the meters registered not only the water used by boilers but also the water used for house and other purposes, the following method was used to ascertain the amount of water evaporated by the boilers. The total pounds of coal used by the boilers was multiplied by the evaporation per pound of coal. Having arrived at the number of pounds of water in this manner this latter amount was divided by 6214 pounds which gave the total amount of water registered in cubic feet chargeable to the boilers. This latter amount at $1.00 per thousand cubic feet represents the amount chargeable to steam generation. Having ascertained the total cost of the water used by the boilers the distribution of the water cost was made in the same manner as in the case of coal, i. e., in accord- ance with the “coal percentage” of the individual plant, crediting the engines with 49.31% of the gross cost of water chargeable to them for steam furnished to the heating system, 367 (6) Cost of supplies and repairs The total cost of supplies and repairs was distributed by charging the electric generating plant with the deliberately excessive proportion of 33% of the total cost “ of supplies and repairs for the entire plant. Indirect Charges (7) Floor space Since it is impossible to ascertain the amount of floor space rental chargeable to engines and dynamos by a general rule, as it always depends upon the location of the building and the use that could be made of the available floor space, it has been necessary to exercise judgment in each instance. Where no extraordinary conditions obtain we have assumed $1.00 per K. W. installation as an annual rental. * . (8) Interest on investment In every instance the capacity of the plant was ascertained and the initial cost estimated. The cost per K. W. of installed capacity was found to vary from $60 to $100. In this cost was included engines, dynamos, foundations, piping, switchboard additions and wiring, boiler additions and other small accessories required to add a generating plant to an existing steam plant. The interest then entering into the indirect annual charges was taken as 5% on the initial investment. (9) Depreciation In every instance the age of the plant was ascertained and the present value of the plant was determined by depreciating the initial investment by a yearly amortiza- tion of 5%. WHaving arrived at the present value of the plant, 5% of this value was taken as a charge for depreciation against the current year’s operations. ‘ (10) Insurance Insurance was figured at 0.2% on the initial investment. (11) Taxes Taxes were figured at 1.7% on the initial investment. OPERATING COSTS OF GENERATING PLANTS UNDER PRIVATE AND MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP The exhibit which follows shows the detail items entering into the cost of power generation in ten representative buildings in New York City, and is based on and arrived at by the method just described. The ten plants chosen are serving office buildings, hotels, schools, museums, loft buildings, department stores, apartment houses, and a Y. M. C. A. building, and are in every way comparable with municipal buildings in this city as to the character of the work performed. 8 c<-) OT ON 6 “ON 8 ON L°ON 9 “ON ¢ ON PON § “ON ON T “ON aInpeys smpeqos ampeyos amMpeqes amnpeqos amMpeyos ampeyqos aTnpeyos ampeqes ampeyos (18g eBed) xtpusdde oy} ur punoy oq [LM semsyg esey} Sutysoddns senpeyog—aLON 7186'S PIES 'S 69'S ITEP ZS PL8L°S PGCS T P66I Z F218 'T PSIT'T #60F'T eS EE MOL 669 OTT OF9 CST 008 OT PEr'SOT 000 SZz 069'¢0 TE9‘scE GLO'S86 T 002 929 O8TS8TF Po poyerouad €S 62'S 98° S0F‘e$ IZ €82'Z$ S¢°000'¢$ 16° 69Z'9$ | ¥0°CSL'FS T0°988'2$ FO SSS‘OI$ | FL°26Z'6ZS | EL SPE'SGS |FUeLMd oLIZ09I9 Jo 4809 [e Ze SS6'TS 62 90L'T$ £9 FOS8'TS gg 68s'T$ 60° LEF‘es 9g 9Te'@$ ¥6 FHS 66° 0F0'6$ | OO'Z8I'FIS | LE°E8Z'6ZS | saSreyo YOIPU! |e 00° 90€ Of'62 | OC PIG: | eee og Seg 00° 098'T 00 06‘T 00° 00F‘s 00°98 00°2¢ 0€ TP 06 Sz Orso 00°97 00°€9 | 00°09T 00° Fes. 00 007. SE O8P 61 6FS GP S88 ST OS FP 922 T 98 SFB Wier i 66025 % 00°70 ¢ LE°€86 9 00°006 00°S29 18" LL8$ 00°09 GS LET 00 'OST'T 00°S29°T 00°000 4% 00°009 ¢ 00°000 OT 00° Szzs 00 Szzs ot 00 O8T$ 00 008$ 00° S22$ 00 OSt$ 00°000'TS | 00°00F TS | 00 0098S TZ 98L'TS 23° 669'1$ 89° 8268 00 TTF‘e$ 28 ZES'tS 88° SEr'es 20° 1¥8'E$ G9 PIS'L$ FL OIT'STS | 98°999°6ZS &8 86 &0' TOT 00°9¢ 00 02% PE SE 26608 00°0¢ 88° FOL 98 6E1'T v9 SOT 88° 9s IS 67 en g9°99 rae ST 66 98 OTT 68 OTP 66 ToL 92° LSE T OS Es 16 Sor 0g 06 £9 967 OG 91% £0 P6T 00°62T 62 662 SE SZB 00'O8T 3 Bases a oF ST Seatac 16°49 90°1F es Coe at Coop e202, SI 009. ST 222, 00090 T OS ‘216 00°9T9 0S CPO T 00'OFT 00 "S28, 00° 298 00070 68 ITE € G6 SGP ZI 0S Shr LI S68 81 9TZ$ SZ 086$ 26° T08$ £2 LOO TS 91 98T'TS 96° 1g9'e$ | 90 ZIS'8$ 16892 TS syUOTL ZI | SAMO ZT | ShVq BOT | SHIMON ZT | SHIMOTL CT | SUMO ZT | SHIUO ZT | SUIUOYAL ZI | SHIMON SI | SqMOT CI OT ‘ON 6 “ON 8 °ON 1 °ON 9 °ON ¢ ON Py ON € ON ON TON sure] surpring suIpring Surprng Surprng supring surpimg suping suIprimg Surpring Surpimg SDNIGIING YOR MUN NI SLINVId ONILVYANED OLOGY THL JO "YM" Wd LSOD anv V LIGInxa SLSOD ONILVUGdO ‘LAdLAQ PNIMOHY 369 This exhibit shows that the cost varies from 3.381 to 1.115 cents per K.W. hour, for plants having an annual output of 110,599 to 4,185,180 K.W. hours. In addition to the ten buildings analyzed, figures were secured from five other buildings, the owners of which consented to being quoted. These are as follows: ae Saray A ss ee oy oo Se eee! 1 Cost per kilowatt hour at the switch- Flatiron Building, 1.5c. per K.W. hour....} 0ard, including every expense ex- Beaver Building, 1.7c. per K.W. hour..... | cept interest on the original invest Whitehall Building, 1.6c. per K.W. hour..J ™ent and depreciation. Attention must be called to the fact that these costs per K.W. hour were not developed by original inquiry as in the cases of the other buildings cited, but are the statements of those in charge, and we have every reason to believe that the costs are correctly determined. Question 1 As stated at the outset of the report, the first question that presents itself for con- sideration is: 1. “Whether a gain to the city would result if certain public buildings were equipped to generate electric current in place of purchasing current from electric lighting companies.” This question is answered by the figures of cost per K.W. hour shown in Exhibit “A,” an abstract from which is given below in comparison with the rates that the central station companies offer in their high tension service and special wholesale contracts. TABLE 1 Cost per K.W. Cost per K.W. K.W. Hour Hour of Pur- Hour of Electric Building Contract Generated. chased Electric | Current Generated Current by Isolated Plant ING. Wiss ae exeneens High tension......} 4,185,180 1.500¢ 1.409¢ INO: Deis wcrc isyateisyy High tension......] 2,626,700 1.500¢ 1.115¢ No. 3..........| Special wholesale. . 1,285,075 3.000¢ 1.312¢ No Agsvenaceess Special wholesale. . 358,631 4.669¢ 2.199¢ No. 5..........] Special wholesale. . 305,690 4.785¢ 1.555¢ NOs Geiss scssececs Special wholesale. . 225,000 4.900¢ 2.787¢ No. 7..........] Special wholesale. . 205,434 4.938¢ 2.434¢ NO. Bi. ceekewen Special wholesale. . 103,300 5.000¢ 2.694¢ No. 9..........] Special wholesale. . 152,640 5.000¢ 2.231¢ No. 10..........| Special wholesale. . 110,599 5.000¢ 3.301¢ Question 2 Having shown the unit cost of purchased current to be in excess of the cost of current generated in isolated plants, Exhibit “B” (see page 391) was prepared to show the annual loss that owners would sustain in the ten buildings analyzed, if they abandoned the operation of their plants, dismantled them, sold them for 25 per cent. of their present value, and as an alternative, purchased their current from a central station company. 370 An abstract from Exhibit “B” shows this annual loss in the tabulation below. TABLE 2 Annual Loss to Owner If He Abandoned and Building Sold His Plant and Purchased Power ING Als yar geaot sale ehcp swevehs este pauateie aes ate ehavoncaduactro csievolne eicupaeuns $12,558.19 INIOisr Since svkigce vovesong ess icoracharsvahaxart co ares oie vsisia oe Grane Yavlotieocedavaerecawcomvaree 14,567.17 INIGh, 23 as ackodseishn dea sosusentv Sus vatcia aedeox ote nesatdavordeaysversttvane) enccavensdevaeieresaves 25,478.11 INO 8 24 a cscctaroce Avera cavern sSia vararevevaee aan oueis aya te veer dadae eisxavate lene eeeraeateral 10,113.44 AN Oise 25 vussacavtatesevawersiassreegososana tavweeneroné ss aoeval aie iaveas eae tarsxatayadgnOees MedeRD 10,850.77 DINO OS seakseoscaeres es eo eeavn seco tab Fan aVa) Sow AWS Ooe Ca Sevan Sala RIOR 6,069.13 HIN (Oss 27 secavcrtn cove ire esesve ss Gvpaserav ca vbvarteniaietane ae save a Giana alientaioransy eee 5,650. 37 FIN Gige 2 cid esstitssopevars anes ecelaeiinravatorbuevscevenos lone eaiaeattue by snovaianeranexevejoreueeandd 3,211.87 INGOs 10 is, sxc cccereravsnespecasesAleiniay See ive euavilaleca yeneranaenaorDlehe Sno UERS 4,775.93 INS 1 scacesccdateea tte tans tec cede aieelutatosslesevacavacteyel esate aayduteSpvevavenanavovene 2,832.54 The second question stated at the outset of this report, namely: 2. “Whether a gain to the city would result if the electric generating appa- ratus in certain public buildings were dismantled, the apparatus sold, and current purchased from an electric lighting company ” is answered by a further abstract from Exhibit “8B,” which shows the rates at which the central station company must sell power in order that no loss shall result to the owner abandoning and selling his plant. TABLE 3 Rates Owner is Present Rates for Justified in Paying Building Purchased Power Upon Abandoning and Selling His Plant INGOs i nchaccxteteninnl anne 1.500¢ 1.200¢ INO. Qiwravinerronaray icant 1.500¢ .945¢ INO® ‘Sincueiaiawvdvtaids mews 3.000¢ 1.017¢ NO: Acacias mausaernemeoties 4.669¢ 1,849¢ Noe Succes iarnerag ees 4.785¢ 1.236¢ No: ‘Gi cueerteauenonseend 4.900¢ 2.203¢ INOS dcdSsounsesaedcnncucaeeistece 4.938¢ 2.188¢ INGS: 1 Biniaisiatstacaiaitectnecabvecsavereus 5.000¢ 1.891¢ INO: 2D cccsssissscersvcrinaravavinincesttgrveiers 5.000¢ 1.871¢ INO. AO sac hise macishesstan Saher 5.000¢ 2.439¢ Question 3 In Exhibit “C” (see page 392) is shown the annual loss to the owners of the ten buildings, if they abandoned the operation of their plants, but instead of dismantling and selling their apparatus they kept same idle, and purchased their power from a central station company. The abstract from Exhibit “C,” tabulated below, shows this annual loss. 371 TABLE 4 Annual Loss to Owner Purchasing Power Building When His Generating Plant Is Standing Idle ING: Teccedecaiacaeyntsanwinteine awistendunneaosiu natasha aeedwees $33,112.34 ING 5 2 vrarecctainransaiarnatacscinialy Sosesosaud-wieiajbdereseiatava’aiehitolete-a'e Wrreiecers 24,289.76 INO: Biessieg ashy aieaielae acwresents pais ysecsasasace aiataue & artery tenraverssprecerernt 30,737 .60 INO: Avia essa cerrbin a Sis teste dss assanla esas bravlanedbv ald iptedetnant strandrergccrtrear ae 12,904.17 NG Siscceraehiin a exwk ae wacend dec caaiue eiidieminta dates eeemteicen 12,191.72 ING: {0 sera saveresneain ota hacekvdad ah ase sas asada ehobadinene ocraiaroneseswieocreee 8,192.18 ING Lis secsec aed aieaie cs al caig ss snasa aun lacavasavedgieisia bpm ouraowies weaaeene 6,733.53 INGE 18 accra scauscnseacereesestce hussaleciidua ds rivdcacwoial Saieioenstetnelseone unease 4,186.32 INO Qe we csrerelapiesyiaiasauartaiavisase aiblacteesdisealavaiestiestnvdas a detivewreseyrece 5,932.43 INGOs LO ca eszrenicwsa atcizvs ve edits cyavsreasinaraue ocak A -cievaiblale avaraea endeared 3,743.74 The third question stated at the outset of this report, namely: 3. “Whether a gain to the city would result if the electric generating appa- ratus in certain public buildings now equipped were shut down, the apparatus left idle and current purchased from an electric lighting company” is answered by a further abstract from Exhibit “C” which shows the rates at which the central station companies must sell in order that no loss shall result to the owner who abandoned the operation of his plant, but retained it idle. TABLE 5 Rates Owner is Jus- Present Rates of tified in Paying Upon Building Purchased Power Abandoning His Plant and Retaining it Idle 1.500¢ .709¢ 1,.500¢ .575¢ 3.000¢ .608¢ 4.669¢ 1.071¢ 4.785¢ .797¢ 4.900¢ 1.259¢ 4.938¢ 1.660¢ 5.000¢ .947¢ 5.000¢ 1.113¢ 5.000¢ 1.615¢ Referring again to Table 1 of this report, we have there shown that the unit cost of electric energy generated in the isolated plants studied is sufficiently below the cost of purchased power to preclude the competition of a central lighting station on the basis of present rates. ANALYSIS OF THE DETAIL ITEMS MAKING UP THE GENERATING COST IN ISOLATED PLANTS The table below has been prepared to show the percentage that each item entering into this cost bears to the total generating cost. This percentage is the average for the ten buildings in question. 372 TABLE 6 Percentage Showing the Relation Each Item Entering Into the Item Cost Bears to the Total Generating Cost (Average Per cent. for Ten Buildings) Goal swcssacmewes 4 4s-aarmaden se eanwweaaete v6 17.45% Tabor scciwwadasectuseneleeanne ss onaeaeenies 22.47% Ash removal «.:s0csssesaie sess exageeeee ss -65% Oil and: waste! .ccomievaeies ceoseee meses oe 4.33% Water succnsmiss snceanenies eeeaeeua ens 1.45% Supplies and repairs............ceeee eee eeee 3.10% Total direct chargesscsanscc2e% -asanwssessaane 49.45% Bloor space in swnccnelismadinw so. aaeivenares 229 6.56% Interest on investment..............02e0eee 21.35% Depreciation. sesw-cssswreivva ess eearemanees x0 17.12% TS tian CO sarseenstataamrondeera. aie eravckelanavereaasiie:s ornereia 89% SRASCOS: so hens, x x.s-ceaeueesseen dag oecaenoneyganatesind Oo egee 4.63% Total indirect charges............cceeeeeeceeeee 50.55% DrOtal CHARGES. syssci-w.ioees esvareetaocaecacareseraeerenny 100% In view of the fact that this report is intended to cover City buildings, it is here pointed out that the costs entering into the generation of electric current will, in the case of a municipal building, be decreased by the following percentages: TABLE 7 Items Percentages Remarks Water cid icciaacctel incon matanemmnantcaee 1.45 City buildings are exempt from water charges TM GER OBE 5.0 cnanled coved Besoonoaladianvarive: xia si3.3 3.20 Saving by reason of city bonds being sold at 414' AMBUP ANCE oon encsutcutend acme wean anaes es .89 The city does not insure its property PBX CS oc oss cremtemucites caaatentoen sy oa 4.63 City buildings are exempt from taxation DO GAL otto cits dos nas ceuttaveona wasn 10.17% | Saving This shows that, owing to the above, the City under like conditions should operate electric plants at 89.83 per cent. of the cost of operating a privately owned plant. It is generally contended that conditions of law and discipline which prevail in City departments make the operation of City plants less economical than the operation of plants of well-organized private businesses. derived by the saving in the items shown above will be offset by the lower efficiency in City plants, so that the net results will be about the same as in privately owned plants. It is assumed in the report that the gain 373 INSTANCES OF LOSS TO CITY BY THE PURCHASE OF OUTSIDE POWER In the new Police Building are installed the necessary engines and dynamos to make it a combined heating and lighting plant. The heating plant is maintained in service, while the electric generating plant is idle. The 1910 power consumption of the building, 190,690 K.W. hours, was purchased from a central station company, at about 4.97c, per K.W. hour. It has previously been shown in Table 5 that when a building is equipped with power generating machinery, it can afford to shut down its plant only when the power can be purchased at between .575c. and 1.66c. per K.W. hour, depending upon the nature of the plant and the annual consumption. For the purpose of this calculation, 1.75c. will be taken as the permissible cost of purchased power on wholesale contract. As the City was paying 4.97c. per K.W. hour, it sustained a loss which was not less than (4.97—1.75) 190,690 = $6,140.22. Similarly the City Prison, which has the necessary installed capacity of electric machinery standing idle, purchased in 1910—273,371.2 K.W. hours of power at about 4.83c. per K.W. hour, whereas it would have been justified in paying only 1.75c. per K.W. hour and therefore sustained a loss of at least (4.83—1.75) X 273,371.2 = $8,419.83. The figure 1.75c. is not stated here with the intention of conveying the impression that it would be a satisfactory purchase price for electric power. The purchase price that a building can afford to pay varies in each instance and the liberal price of 1.75c. is used to show that even under this liberal assumption the City is losing the annual amount set forth above. ARGUMENTS ADVANCED BY SOME ENGINEERS AGAINST THE ADVISABILITY OF ISOLATED PLANTS The principal arguments of advocates of central station lighting for municipal buildings may be tabulated as follows: TABLE 8 (1) That the electric load factor is too low for economic operation. (2) That the labor is inefficient because taken from the civil service list. (3) That delays occur in the purchase of supplies and materials. (4) That the City of New York pays a higher rate of wages than is paid by private owners. (5) That the electric load in municipal buildings is practically the same in summer as in winter, resulting in wasteful production of large quantities of power in summer, when no heat is required. (6) That the cost of operating an isolated plant is carried by the consuming depart- ment, whereas purchased power is paid for by the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. Attention has already been called to the items of expense which are not chargeable against the operation of a municipal plant in Table 7, and allowance made for the factor suggested above tending to make the cost of municipal operation greater. Clearly no serious consideration need be given to the argument in item number 6, since no real economy results merely from the substitution of one department for another as the channel through which the City pays the bills. Since, however, the Chief Engineer of the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity has stated in a report that isolated plant practice is not to the advantage of the City, it is pertinent at this point to introduce his report on the power plant of the Harlem Hospital, in order that the grounds for his conclusions may be examined. 374 RESULTS OF TEST MADE BY ENGINEERS OF THE DEPART- MENT OF WATER SUPPLY, GAS AND ELECTRICITY AT THE HARLEM HOSPITAL A copy of the report on the operation of the private lighting plant at the Harlem Hospital by C. F. Lacombe, Chief Engineer of Light and Power, Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, to Chandler Withington, Chief Engineer of the Department of Finance, herewith follows: “New York, Dec. 3, 1907. “Mr. CHANDLER WITHINGTON, “Chief Engineer, Dep’t. of Finance, “280 Broadway, New York: “Dear Smr—Referring to your request, through Mr. Reed, for a report on the operation of the private lighting plant at the Harlem Hospital, as to the cost per kilowatt hour of electricity produced and used, and also a report of a test of the wiring for loss in current transmission, I would herewith advise you of the results of my investigation. “The tests extended for a period of seventy-six (76) days, from June 1 to August 15, 1907, inclusive. During this period we took account of the watt meter readings of the hospital instruments as to current used for lighting and power. We also investigated the coal consumption, the labor account, the expense for lamp renewals, oil, waste, removal ashes, current repairs and so on. “This is a new plant, the hospital opening on June 1, the day our test began. “We found an average output for all hours of the day of 135 amperes at 235 volts, or a total production of 57,866 kilowatt hours for a period of seventy-six (76) days. This is calculated, but by readings of the meter, you will see, checks very closely with such readings. One hundred and thirty-five (135) amperes at 235 volts is equivalent to 31,725 kilowatts per hour. The full capacity of this plant is 350 kilowatts. In consequence, its average output is about 10 per cent. of its capacity, and its earning capacity is handicapped by unnecessary investment. From the highest load shown with heavy allowance for winter increase, at least 200 kilowatts capacity of this plant is an unnecessary investment. “The plant consists of 500 horse power in boilers, three (3) 150 ih-p. engines and one (1) 80 ih.p. engine, three (3) 100 kilowatt dynamos and one (1) 50 kilo- watt dynamo, with all necessary foundations, piping, switchboard and so on. “Of the average output of current during the 76 days of test, we find that the power consumption was 50,960 kilowatt hours, and the lighting consumption, 7,554 kilowatt hours. “The lighting of a hospital is lower than most other public buildings, when figured on the basis of candle feet. The hours of lighting are also short. Outside of the difference between winter and summer, the output for lighting shown will not be increased materially. The normal increase for winter lighting being added, it is now, with the exception noted, a maximum load. To increase it, you must erect more buildings. “In consequence, this plant is largely run for power service, and, in my opinion, according to the details of the load sheets, the motors were run more than is necessary, in order to make as large an output as possible in figuring the performance of the plant. The larger the output, of course, the smaller the cost per kilowatt hour. “Without going into the detail of the boiler tests and so on, which are not a iowa here, I would advise that we find the cost of operating this plant is as follows: Salary-account:.» ssicwapad Ovewleid 350.4 Ge ainiecwsb hs a ataracesoionn $705.00 per month “1 Engineer in Charge............-.0005 $120.00 “2 Operating Engineers, each $105.00...... 210.00 “3 Firemen, each $75.00............0ceeeee 225 .00 “2 Oilers, each $50.00...........ce cece eee 100.00 MD SPIGIMDERS 2c sosaye bis d 2 S,4 ahidecca drechsa ws deatceerndcars 50.00 $705 .00 “140 Tons of Coal at $5.60 per ton...........0.c ec eeee 784.00 per month “Water used in boilers, 280,000 cu. ft............00000: 280.00 per month “catnip: RENEWALS: asgecceacnng vocavsdveretecorels eeesbionemeabewrorw Feedieve 15.00 per month Cylind €P Om: saves aeasietserue-0.y x unease aie. gas Saree aoa 50.00 per month “Machinery Oil, snasjigusaecaiotur sna tunmey yvieeaentows anaes 39.00 per month SUWVASCES ssccnocentraxaifa-asscusgieisteverwune 4,4 isha ste cedereereuary No Sieversr wre a we 20.00 per month “ Operating repairs, average month..............eeee00 75.00 per month “REMOVING ASHES: sccaccecwaswarccreerwdeves eanvienea sae 75.00 per month OMT Otay scraiousiecusceod stoenaannsades aaraversiebeeaeraceate GH $2,043.00 per month “While this test is made in summer, we allow, for heating the building, eight (8) months full heating service. This allowance concedes two men for eight months to the heating service, in the absence of any electric lighting, allowing two shifts of eight hours each per man, and the banking of the fires for the eight hours at night. As these men are also employed in summer, their services are charged entirely to the electric plant, the hot water heating being purely nominal. “This gives a credit on above figures, of two (2) men at $90.00 each, of $1,440 for eight months, or $120.00 per month per year. “The plumber employed proved to be used very largely as steamfitter for the piping of boilers and engines. The engines being exclusively for the electric lighting, the difference is more than made up by the absence of the engineer doing odd jobs about the buildings. As noted, this absence accounts for some accidents and consequent repair bills. “Calculating the load for a period of one month on the basis given, and establishing the yearly lighting load average by percentages and figures of similar hospitals buying current, we would have 25,006 kilowatt hours consumption per month. On the above figures, the average cost per kilowatt hour per month corrected to a yearly average would be 7.85 cents per kilowatt hour, the total cost for the year being approximately $23,600. “Tf we figure the cost per kilowatt hour for lighting and power, based on the showing for the two and a half months, corrected to a yearly average, 30% days to a month, at the rates charged the City by the New York Edison Company, we would have a charge of 20,388 kilowatt hours for Power, at 6c. per k-w-hr.............0.-. $1,223.28 4,618.4 kilowatt hours for Lighting, at 7¥4c. per k.w.hr............ 346.38 TNO BEAN seca sricud tn deals e eter. oat fea laos va dev een # ae eRe $1,569.66 “This shows a net loss to the City for operating this plant on cash cost of $353.34 per month. In other words, the money put in this plant is wasted. It is not only of no service to the City, but is an actual cause of excess of expenditure of $353.34, excluding interest and depreciation. “The above is given on cash costs of operation on a summer basis, without steam heating. The steam used on the load shown is not sufficient to heat the 376 building by exhaust steam, so we cannot reduce the cost by crediting the plant with that economy. Interest on investment and depreciation should be added. In my opinion, 10 per cent. depreciation is not too high in small plants subject to municipal care and operation on boilers, engines and dynamos. The finance depart- ment is better able to set the reasonable average rate of interest than I am, but the usual interest allowed is at least six per cent. “Adding these allowances puts a small municipal lighting plant out of the question entirely, for it will run the cost to over 10c. a kilowatt hour. “Tt is claimed that some allowance should be credited on account of steam heating done by exhaust steam from the engines noted, and also for steam used for operating the disinfectant plant. “The heating done by exhaust steam from the engines is very small, as has already been explained. Allowance has been made for the steam used in operat- ing the disinfectant plant. Proper allowances have also been made for the steam used in heating water for domestic purposes; also for steam used in cooking and sterilizing. “Tn operating this and other plants, the claim is made that to operate the heating plant of a hospital or similar building, it takes three shifts of eight hours each for two (2) men, or six (6) men at $190.00 per shift per month. Therefore, these men have so little to do that the labor for an additional electric plant costs nothing. This may be true, but it is a bad arrangement for an electric plant, as it shows extravagance in the operation of the heating plant. Even then it is rarely adhered to and, as in the plant under consideration, nine (9) men are employed, not six (6). Allowing six (6) men only, at $190.00 per shift, and adding interest and depreciation, the cost will still come above the cost of current purchased at present rates, We understand unofficially that additional men will be required for the winter steam heating. ; “The principal uses of the power consumption given above are for electric heating in the laundry building and for operating an ice machine. “As to operating the laundry by electricity, this Department has found that it is extremely expensive and has been compelled in the past to request certain departments to abandon electric irons on account of the expense of operation, and substitute gas. This was done when current was taken from the Edison Company. As you will note, current here costs more than if we took it from the Edison Company, and the laundry here should use gas for heating its irons and other apparatus, instead of electricity. If this is done, as it should be, it would make this plant an absurd proposition. “Tn testing this plant we found several matters of repair to which attention should be called, and which justifies the average repairs given. “Tn the boiler room, where the main steam lead leaves the boilers and drops by a long goose-neck pipe down to the main steam line through the tunnel, no drip has been connected to the automatic trap at the base of this curved pipe, so that there is no proper means to remove water of condensation, and in consequence joints are leaking considerably, thereby losing steam and wasting coal. “The drip connections of the high and low pressure cylinders on the engines are connected in such a way that the water of condensation from the high pressure cylinder is forced into the low pressure cylinder, and while the low pressure cylinder has been bored for relief valves, the same were not furnished. This latter error caused the breaking of the low pressure valve of one of the engines during the period of test, and this engine had to be put out of service for repairs. “Automatic relief valves should be put on the low pressure cylinders as soon as possible. They were originally designed for same, and it is a serious blunder that they were not put in. In the original contract no mention of them, however, seems to have been made in the specifications. “T find that it is the practice in the hospital that the engineer may be called away from the machinery by order of the superintendent to do odd jobs around In 377 the hospital. These odd jobs should be attended to, but the machinery should not be left running without someone watching it. This apparently would add to the payroll, but if the plant is going to be operated from now on, it is better to put on an additional man than to injure the machinery. “An instance of this occurred, during the test, in the burning out of the out- board bearing of the ice-making plant, owing to the failure of the oiling system. The bearing was entirely destroyed, and a new one is required. The engineer, when this happened, was off on one of the odd jobs in the main building. This caused the shutdown of this plant for a week or so, during which the hospital had to buy ice. One of the bearings on the 15-horse power motor of the ice plant was also burned out on another occasion. “No blame in these matters should attach to the engineer, who appears to be doing the very best he can under the circumstances, but machinery of this character should not be left alone. If I am not mistaken, a City ordinance espe- cially forbids high pressure boilers to be left at any time without the presence of a licensed engineer in charge. “Tn the main laundry a 25-horse power motor, which was originally designed to be attached to the ceiling, is set on the floor next to a door, and so arranged that in opening the door one is apt to walk into this motor, and women particularly are liable to get their skirts caught in the belt. A railing should be put around this motor at once. “Your letter also requested an examination from us of the wiring of these buildings. “We find that in nearly all cases the size of the wire is specified and has been installed strictly in accordance with the specifications. A careful test of the voltage shows that the loss of potential in wiring is within the limits of the specifications. “Tt is well to note that the wiring work of these buildings was done under two separate and distinct architectural firms and is not uniform. The main building of the hospital proper is wired according to the usual three-wire system, with 220 volts between positive and negative. It is at present used as a two-wire system of 220 volts. “The wiring of the power house, ambulance station and laundry is not de- signed by the same firm that designed the main building. This wiring is laid out on the basis ef a two-wire system throughout, to use 220 volts. ““We found no circuits where the drop exceeded the 3 per cent. required in the specifications. The specifications, as a matter of fact, are not very clear, but giving them the most rigid interpretation, this part of the work is entirely within tne limits specified. General “The above specific case where a detailed examination was made and con- siderable care was taken in determining the facts in the case, confirms my pre- vious opinion that, at the rates per kilowatt hour for light and power the City is obtaining from the electric companies, isolated plants in public buildings as at present installed and operated are actual cumulative losses to the City of New York. “The report of the test above shows that this is a particularly unprofitable plant for the City to operate, but I know of a number of similar cases where the conditions must be, if anything, worse. In some few instances in public buildings of the City, not more than six (6), where the load is steady and desirable, the City could make a better showing than in the hospital, but in most of these cases, I think, it would be found that the electric companies would materially decrease their rates on account of a more desirable load. This is so in the instance of the Williamsburg Bridge and Bellevue Hospital. “Tt is comparatively easy to sit down and figure out a municipal plant in an isolated building as being able to produce current at a much less cost than same 378 could be purchased from the companies, always provided that it be operated with the same care and efficiency as shown in operation by the lighting companies. The officers of the City, however, under the laws cannot get this efficiency and in consequence, cannot operate these plants properly. The only way to operate an electric light plant is to give the manager of the plant all necessary power and make him absolutely responsible for results. This, under the Civil Service and other laws, is impossible in the City service. “To my mind, the mechanical equipment of City buildings should be pre scribed by a Board of Engineers in the City employ, specialists in the respective lines of heating, pumping, ventilation and lighting. “In many instances the equipment in City buildings is dictated more with a view to profit on the installation and additional fees than from a careful analysis of the results to be obtained in operation. “Tt has been very interesting to investigate this subject in this instance, and my bureau would be glad to go into the matter further in other plants, and would really be indebted if you could give us an opportunity to investigate some of them for you, as in time we would be able to accumulate some valuable data for the further guidance of the City. “Tam, Very truly yours, (Signed) C. F. Lacomse, Chief Engineer of Light and Power.” COMMENTS ON THE HARLEM HOSPITAL REPORT CRITICIS- ING THE ARGUMENTS Mr. Lacombe gives the results of and conclusions drawn from tests of an electric plant in the Harlem Hospital, conducted during the summer. He states that the exhaust steam from the engines was not sufficient to heat the building. The fact that the test was made during the summer months and that the electric energy was not viewed as a by-product, but rather as a prime product, made the con- clusions and deductions obtained from the figures wrong. No plant of this nature can be analyzed for a shorter period than its full cycle, and while short duration tests can be made of various equipments to determine their efficiency from the standpoint of having met or failed to meet guarantees made by their manufacturers, the per- formance of a commercial plant can only be measured by the cost of its total product over a period of time which covers all the variations that are likely to occur both in its favor and against it. It would seem that the yearly load factor was entirely over- looked. In all probability Mr. Lacombe had before him the task of submitting a report on the Harlem Hospital situation within a given time, and could not defer his report until a sufficient period of time had elapsed. It is generally conceded that a new plant never shows as great efficiency in opera- tion as one that has been in service for some time, and in which small details have adjusted themselves. Mr. Lacombe dates his tests from the first day of the plant’s operation. The price at which coal was charged was $5.60 per ton. It is well known that a perfectly satisfactory grade of fuel can be purchased at a much lower price. Buckwheat No. 3 coal is now being purchased in Mr. Lacombe’s department (water supply, gas and electricity) at an average price of $2.73 per ton. Mr. Lacombe charges - practically the entire engineering force to electric plant operation. This is obviously unsound, for the proper amount chargeable to this item is only such labor as could be dispensed with if the electric power generation were discontinued. The contention that the lighting hours are short largely depends on the interpretation of the word “ short,” and it would seem that in a hospital which required lighting at all hours of the night, aire hours would be unusually long, as compared with, for instance, an office uilding. 379 The fact that the management of the power plant was not good in this instance, resulting, as Mr. Lacombe states, in several accidents due to the engineer having been called away for work outside of the engine room, does not mean that this is the normal state of affairs in all isolated plants or that such practices cannot be corrected. Nor can the excessive repair account, which resulted from the improper original installa- tion of drip piping, be brought up as an argument against the general soundness of isolated plant policy. In his concluding remarks Mr. Lacombe states that this detailed examination only confirms his previous opinion, and he therefore advocates purchasing power from central stations, not only in the instance of the Harlem Hospital, but in many others. Giving Mr. Lacombe all due credit for being sincere in his opinion, we believe that he has placed an unusual interpretation upon what constitutes the cost of electric energy in a combined heating and power plant and that if he were to regard the situation from the standpoint of this report, he could reinterpret the results he obtained, and show that purchased energy could not compete with power produced by the apparatus in the Harlem Hospital. RECAPITULATION To summarize the significant facts and conclusions that are set forth in this report, the following may be stated: (1) That, inasmuch as heating is indispensable in this latitude, and is the prime function of a steam plant, the addition of electric current generation to a heating plant is logical and economical, since the additional necessary investment in machinery is not relatively great and the additional operating expense over that of a purely heat- ing plant is nominal. (2) That the cost of electric energy generated in such a combined plant is lower than the cost of purchased power, when this electric current is looked upon as a by- product of a heating plant. (3) That the electric energy developed in a combined heating and electric plant can justly be regarded as a by-product by virtue of the fact that practically the same boiler equipment and labor will be involved in a plant serving solely as a heating plant. (4) That the cost of electric energy has been shown from actual figures obtained from isolated plants operated in this City to be from 1.115 to 3.301 cents per K.W. hour as against 1.5 to 5.0 cents per K. W. hour charged by central station companies. (5) That these costs were determined on assumed percentages and rates of the gross costs applying to current generation, which were secured from actual cases in practice. (6) That these assumed percentages and ratios were made sufficiently liberal to preclude criticism, and that therefore the costs as shown are virtually higher than if a better method existed to determine them. (7) That due account has been taken of the fact that while there are items which go to make the cost operation of municipal plants higher than that of some private ones, there are likewise items which counteract this tendency and make the net results very nearly the same. (8) That this being the case the ten buildings investigated can serve as an excel- lent illustration of the possibilities of isolated plant practice as applied to municipal buildings. (9) That the margin between the estimated cost of electric current in isolated plants, and the cost of purchased current, is sufficiently large to allow for increasing considerably the already very liberal basis adopted. (10) That, having shown the cost of electric power generated to be greatly below the cost of purchased power, it is evident that the City is losing money by not operat- ing the electric plants now installed instead of letting them stand idle, as brought out in the case of the new Police Headquarters and the City Prison. 380 (11) That it is uneconomical for the City to purchase electric energy from central stations where the quantity of steam required in any building is sufficient to warrant the installation of engines and dynamos. (12) That every effort should be made to place existing generating plants in service and to install plants, as expeditiously as possible in those buildings which, under the tests laid down in this report, shall be found to warrant such installation. In view of the foregoing, it has been considered proper to make at this time the following concrete recommendations, having in mind the fact that these recommenda- tions cover only a few buildings in which generated current should be substituted for purchased current. RECOMMENDATIONS It is suggested: (1) That the operation of the plants of the following buildings be resumed, and contracts with the lighting companies for lighting them be cancelled: City Prison—department of correction. Work House—Blackwell’s Island—department of correction. Police Headquarters—police department. (2) That the plans for the new Municipal Building be so amended as to make pos- sible the installation and operation of an isolated plant in that building, or as an alternative that the Hall of Records be equipped with sufficient additional apparatus to supply the new Municipal Building with steam and electric current. (3) That the decision of the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity disapproving the installation of a plant at Sea View Hospital be reconsidered. (4) That Bellevue Hospital be equipped with apparatus to generate electric current. (5) That an investigation be undertaken, with a view to determining the advisa- bility of establishing generating plants to serve the following buildings: General office of the Department of Education. Farm colony on Staten Island. Coney Island Hospital. All buildings of the Department of Charities on Randall’s Island. City Hospital. Metropolitan Hospital. Home for the Aged—Blackwell’s Island. In the, latter three cases, current is being supplied from a sub-station of an electric lighting company, which was built for the special use of this company, at an expense to the City of $24,000. 381 SL" 8h6'8o$ Ts quel Suyeieuer o1yoo[q,, SuYeIedG Jo 4800 [vIO], LE" $82'62$ Teese e reser eres sss QUBlg Suye19UEy ope, OY SeBrego yoorpuy 00‘ O8F‘E Bit ee a ee ee ee MOSS OE SESE SPS BARON BT 00' 007 We" ae} se . ma, pores re sess ss sss ggugInsUy BIBOA Qs qaerd LE €86'9 %G "*onyea Juaseid uo uoYeDaideq o00‘00g$ °° + 1 yueuTyseatT J 00° 000‘0I %G . . ey Rieceveee Tere e esse sree ee eese ees sagargquT OoTs aa hk he eee Fee “TM oy Ja 00° 00¢‘s¢ aN ST CEG Neh Se Rarer Ne Trresesessess =< 99¢ds 100, “M “SM 000‘Z srreseeeecsessees catrerd jo £4 SUDUVHD LOGUIGNT 98° ¢99‘67¢ Con le ee eee aA Wee Se oe se * Teese ese scree sees esse quelg dueseuar d11}09T ,, surye19dQ JO 4s09 18N SHDUVHO LOgUIG 89'ZZ6'1F$ | 16° S8F‘FIS | 29 Ser'2z$ | 98°999'6ZS | 16 S8FFIS| LO PSPS] F6 L89TL$ | 6° PILOTS | 28° Z08'S8$ |" °°” 'sadreyo 49 8% 188 esane . ij 8% TES, 79°S9T. seins 8 ; i SReinasete a) 79°99r. %qo ee 26° 96F a aacee 26 96F LL 199% $8028 T 26 OFZ T 92° 286 T 8 O@ET TTS 6h 19'8L9 @ bE’ 89 69" 616 € aS e¢ 6I6'e 89972 JO 89° 962 00° O8T'% Gh ay’ Sees 00° O8T% %00°SL 89° 906 2 eh oe 89° 906'S 18° 10S 6S 696 83 SSS. &1 ‘LLB, 6S 693 TT 67 CL OFS %PE’ 89 00 °008, tote - ; 00° 008 Te COLST | _ ; TE 392 CI G6 6GF CT piesa es Bait ee 66 SGP CT g[qeasreqosiq, &@'88T 9% €6 FIL 9T$ | OT S0e'TF L9° LIO'GZ$ | LF 868'ZI$ | 0% GIT‘SI$ | 16°8S7‘eI$ | 2h 86S'ZI$ | TIE SF 88° LET 9%$ ‘sq1 8 8° 910 8E$] 8G OLS BES) “SI OF «dd O'O,, 04 sousuq | sousuq Aq UB] _ peye]osy &q wayshg | poyddng yunouy “quad J9g sduyeiadg jo «PURI suyeeH ON Sunway] = .,4UeT yANOUW 480 [B40.T, Jo yal wveig,, 0} peyddng Jo 4s0g 3ulye1auax) wonsodoig pezBlos] JO |yusmyIedeq gu1ye10dQ, wBa}1g SuIpnpuy | o1poopy,, ® Zuly01[V quelg uor}eiedQ 04|/Sutre9ulsuq jo qsneyxg | Arloutygovyy | uoryesedo uraysfg jo siseg peyejosy | aqvorddy jo 4SOQ SsOIr) | IO} ,.4JUe[g | 19qO pus jo Suyeayy 07 somBuryq Aq suryeiado JON spiosey Uo sulo}] we949,, Areyrxny | 4809 9N pord dng ureayg 4sn BUX jo 8}S0/ [@}0],| Sutmveddy oy asIeYO | Buyes0dQ Ol. '°D ‘qT ..o ar «dd D'O, 480) TROL | Ul papnyouy | syso- [eyo7, Jo 4809, Fe DAs OF HPAI 3uT}B10dQ Jo 4yso_g ssory 81Ss09 « FURY WV9}8,,, PURI ZUVIOUIN) o1IPO9TT ,, syyUOW ZT poled $7099 60P'T "H “M “SM Jed yop mrt a earnattANa 7 EL SPh6'8S$ FAAIIND OLIyoaTq] Jo 4809 T ‘ON SNiating Tray OOT‘eST F payerouey “H *M “SM 382 00 Z81‘FT$ ete eee SUDUVHO LOTUIANT 00° F06‘T WL wee ee news ee ay sete s soxeT 00 F322 %S a eae eee C5 Pe DONS CLE ee ae sort sss gomBIMsuy 00° ¥S0‘¢ %'S Sea S Sack CNRS anjva yusseid uo UoTeIeIdeq 00°009‘S % Gg Bee ee ee eee CAL RE EE RCE, ee a Ce 4sar10}U] 00 00FT$ “M ‘w oo Ts oy EEA ESS CREO ET TE EEE i ee ee ae aoeds IOO},.T sivak ¢ 000‘ZIT$ 08s “MM OOFT eee wee +s -quep ‘+++ -qu9uIyseAT] eee OM ST: sts sauerd Jo A FL OLLSTS wats ESE CRS ES SS . wee ee eee See eee ee eee wee sere quel suryeiauar) oye, 3utys10dQ jo 4so9 oN SHOUVHD LOaNIG: 88 FOE‘LES | 68° 99S'6GS | GF 278228] FL OTT'STS| 6S'99S'6S | “1 $9 LL9'FSS] ZI S0S‘ZSS | OL O6E‘6ES | ZZ S68‘T6$ |*** °° “SedzeYO 49 TL'82'3 Fae + . TL 822% 98 °6E1‘T ba a ee co a ee a | 98 6EL‘T %00' 20° ST#‘E ee eee . 20°81‘ 62 ee ee as *siredor €0'€2F 1 98° OL L9°OLL 66 ToL 98° OL TILE" 6P GS FOr'T %68' $9 0 S6L'Z 83° FEF | 09 6Es‘9 et ay OL G2% ess 2 ewe OL S22 ZE StS cee eee Yl Sk E Re SE SzZs %00°Sz Zr OOL'T See ee Rae CP OOTT See eee ee eee a Zo FEST 28° §8S $909. ST 009. 28° €8¢ TT§ 6P GO'FSI'T %68'¥9 OL FEST fe = 02° F8'T Sena Suceiy re 6° S2L'F1 Te | S8°GLl oT | 88° TISe | ASA ice’, £3 TTS‘¢ aqqwesreqosiq] OT 280°81 oS" SFO'SE$ 89° ZET‘es Pennie eae a 69 LOE'LTS | 99° O82'8$ | 0° 2806S | 90°ZIS'8$ | 99°08Z‘S$ | ITE 6F GL 06L 91S on re GL 6L8'SSS} GL’ 6L8'SZ$ eee SD I OF ADH OF soulsuq | soursuq Aq FAB POBlOST| fq wayskg | parddng yunoury | “ued Jag suryeiadg jo cc AUBTT SuyveH JON Suyvey] ,,yueIg yanoury 1380) [8}OL, Jo yaRid weayg,, | oy peyddng| joysog | Suneieuay worysodoig : pe78]Os] Jo |yuouNIedsq 3u1y810d9 WIBey9 Surpnpuy | omoorq,, % SUI} 0T[V qax[q |aonviedg 04/3uussusaq jo qsneqxg | Areurqoeyy, | woreisdog maysfg jo siseg pezsposy | a[quorddy jo 480 ssorry | JOJ UBT | 19q}IO pus jo Suyeoyy 0} sousug , LIgIHxa 385 FS CSL FF vee "WUB[_ Suyesousry o1yoa7q ,, SUYeI19dQ Jo 4800 ]eIO], 98 9TE'zt hte tees wee quelg Sulyes00er) OLAOOTT ,, ay sodiey) qoouIpuy sreak ), Be ee ew we ee ee ne “quec £19448q hie OS, BOK ea a coetaa Penne eer gaye aBeI04s 10 00 '9F Me, we potter es es eees sees ss ++ Q9TBINSUT st 000‘¢¢ 98 StS % °G Trtssesessss sss -oniea quasoid uo u0ryeIeideq yorqM Jo—N00'6Z “1 yueuyseaut 00 OST‘T ws . Ate se Mt REA Oe ce awte teeter esses ss saggigquy 0S: here Rene Tt Moy 00°S2z ¢ oa ges aR ‘ as 3 Sidiieweany aowds 1004, "MTMEGZ] et querd jo & SHDUVHO LOGYIGNT f 88 cer ze emg aa ae oe . oe ne oe ee ee cote eens + quelg Sureseuery oLOOTT ,, suye10dQ jo 4800 JON SGD9UVHO LOGUIG. 98° S¢8'6$ | SL 9L0'T$ | 89° 82z'8$ | SS cEr'zs 8L°9L0TS | 99 sIg’e$ | ; VS 16L'T1$ | 20°978'ES | TS LIT'STS] "°° seSaeyo 40: $6619 one Ata $6 “619 26°60 meets ert Meiens aye 26° 608 % se 06626 ff ve 6626, 89° 868 GP 96 te &@ COE SI 68 09° S6T YZ 6E £8 LOP 10° 961% 06° €29% 19°99 es 19° $9 SO F6T * | €0°F6T % SL 01° 89% ee he 02° 893 tora Dea Pl Yeah Ba aa . Bog ay ee 1g 8 op ete . era ay AxIQ Aq suoq—yealoures ys@ JO] od1eyo ON 00 022'F Ber . 00 02z'F 00°88, Cases: , 00° S28 ayqvesreyosiq]| QO SFOS 00° 002'T$ 00'S¥2'9 90° ZS0'F$ | €8 O86$ €2TL08$ | €2°L00'1$ | && OS6$ 90° 886'T$ "Sql G'8 6269068 | 62° 690°S$ “SQ OF «ADH, OF souluq | soulsuq Aq que] peye[osy £q waystg | poryddng yunowuy “quay Jeg BuryeiedQ jo « PUBL suyeaH ON Zuyvoy] ,, Ue yanoury = |4s0P) [BO], Jo yueld UIBAI9,, 0} poyddng jo 4sog 3ulye1euex) uoly1odolg peyBlOs] Jo |yuowy4sredeq Suyeiedg uIva49 sulpnypouy o11402T] ,, 8 SUNIOTTV quelg uorjesed¢Q 03)/Sute0usu jo ysneyxy | Aroutqovyy | SuryeiedG mayskg jo siseq. payeposy | aquoyddy jo 480d SSOoIy | JO} ,,JUeTI | JomIO pus jo Suyvoyy 07 osMBUG £q suryeiedg JON Spiooey uo sule}] wea}9,, Areyrxny | 4800 19N por ddng ureayg qsneyXG jo 4s0D [eyo], | Sutreoddy 04 ad1eyQ | suyeiadg 10} ,,'d DH, 02 Mpasn wd Day 480) [BIOL | Ul pepnpouy | s3so0H [eyOL, Jo 4809 i ab - SutyeiadQ Jo yso* ssoiry s}s09 «VUe[I Weojg,, FU UVIOUSy O11Y09T ,, SqWUOW CI poned syu00 GCG’ T ‘H "M “ded 4809 PO CELTS WOLIND O1I99ITT JO 380 ¢ ‘ON DNIaTINg «Ay A2TGHHOS «V>, LIGIHXH 069‘G0 peye10U2D “HAA 386 16 692'9$ cei «IWB[q FupeIoUSH o14091q,, BueIedQ Jo 480K TBO], 60° Ler'es A ee we tee eee - quelg Sur}e10004) oLIqOOTT,, ew sod1ey9 qooJIpuy ee ii BREE BI ATs anand: LEET TIT ered SOXB, OV . 9 Hey ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Qour. INSU Sie ee eee oe wees queld jo a3V PP 92Z'T Oe Gio (HEN pre Ae see enj[va yueseid Uo UoT}eI00I1deq “+ * *qU@UdyseAUT JO SO) GS LPE'T LiF a 4so10q}UT peewee ee "MOL iqod 4809 00° 008 g "MSMOO' SE CC aoeds r00pT seas “gued yo Ay10edeD SHDUVHO LOGUIGN] z3° ZEs' ZR SEE D8 8 ES MRAM SDA E AE eye Lenerin vernal eee. pia eile Svemexendiger soe eos 2 eG cm He aed) eg so wow ees HURT sue JOUEX) 911499] ,, ZuryeredgQ jo 4809 JN SHDUVHO LOGUIG 29'OSF'STS | 90°0Z8$ | 6S Oe9'FI$| zB'zEs'zs | QO'Ozss | ss'zso'es | L¥ €8C'81$ | 00'OT8'ES | LF S60'%2$ |" sodieyo 40orTp [230.L 99999 fp SA SOROOD | | ReHBEG Peers eek fier ese PE SE % Ss 00‘ 000'T 00°000'T ‘++ -sareder pue sayddng ote es an eeoseesst | aieas se imeme | up casa at fl aemeecsue fl Bygnad rac asieyQ ey—surprng Bis. Semen |S ee eG seeeree 66.5 6 ete: ss0nai Jaye M OTOL ; 9T BL hares ees 0¢91z % “oy 99° 88Z 99° 88z 250 8 Se an SEs 29488 pues r0 69" LEE 96°68 29° 219 T1867 TO'18 es‘ 0G 89° 86E 89° 86E Cee we Tsaowel YSy 60 698'2 ‘ 60° 698'2 ROR | RS pare es 00 OFF'T = f>Ite2xe4os1C} 60'608'S | OO'OTS'ES | GO'GIO'E | Joqe'T SI'S869$ | IT 08Z$ 10°S0°98 | 26° 108$ IT 0828 T1867 80° Z8e‘T$ ‘SQ 8 PO LBALS | PO LBL'LG [ "7" "BOQ “Sa1 OF «dD Hs, OF semiguq | soursuay Aq guelg pezsjosy &q wiayshg | parjddng yonoury | “ued Jag dutyeiedQ jo FURL suyeey ON suyvey] ,, FUeTG yunoury | 4809 [830], Jo yas[g uwB931g9,, | 0} peyddng| jo 4sop SUlyer9ua4) uorjslodoig per8osy jo |yueuysedeq 3u1y819d¢Q wIBe1g sulpnypouy ote] ,, % Sur,o[V que[g juonsiedy 0}/Sutissusuq jo ysneyqxg | ‘Arourgoeyy | Suyeredg wnaysf jo siseg pereposy | afqvoyddy jo 480D sso | 10; ,,QUB[g | 12q1Q pus jo Sunway 0} Siar fq sunviedo JON Splo007y HO suleq] urBe4g,, Aveyoxny | 4809 oN P ay ddng ueayg ys neyXG jo 480 [80], | Sutreeddy 0} e81eqD | SuyeredQ IO} °d “DM, 04 PAIO «dO “Oy 480 [2IOL | Bt pepnpouy |szso_D [BIOL Jo 4s0Q ts or ? surye1edQ JO sop ssory 8}S0E) «FUR W1B948,, «U8[{ SuyeI9Uey 11,99] ,, 8qyUOWN ZI POWeg 81099 11° “HM “SM Jed 4809 9 ‘ON PNIaTINg 16'692'9$ HHELIND oT1y09Iq Jo 80D «IAs, ATAGAHOS—.. Vs, LIGIHXa 000‘SZz Peye1euey “HMA 387 s¢°000'S$ ee FRG BUYsIouay o1yd9/q,, Fue10dQ Jo 4800 [s40], GG OSGTS ttt auetg Superman DPI ,, SY sesreyH yooupuy 02 FIZ YLT Oe Et Ee ee BR SE ee a Nk OS oR See oe FS EG Saxe], 0% SZ % eee hae eR Bee aoe be ee eee eee ee © aoe: aoueInsuy sivok 7 srr resesesescsece sss saueid Jo dv SI ‘Ore % Gg OEE 8 ace ae 8 eee anyBa quaseid uo woretoaideq 009‘ZI a a ey ¥e Gore § “quava4seaut jo 4800) 00'0¢9 %es SRP SGAES SIT RATS AEE NG Eat Wa ae ON Rihe SEES a ea 02g Mae be Oy Ge kha FEA “My aed 4809 00081 "MUMOO'IG (CTs s+ saogds J00pT “MOMOSE (Ott queld jo Aqoeded SHDUVHO LOGTUIGNT 00° IIP‘eg 1S Wieneninas ded G an asinen gee eas 69-8 GR yy 8S RS i i ee ars HUB Suryer1euer) oW}OeTT,, suryer10dQ, JO 4800 9ONT SHDUVHD LoqUIG 40 0S8‘0T$ | SZEzO'TS | 62°9z8'6S | OO TTF S$ | Szszo'Tg | GS ber'ts FO T9%‘FIS | 08 O66'TS | HS TSZ‘9I$]"°*-* seBIVYO orp 184OL, 00°0FF é 000% 00 '02Z OMe eee of OS ened © 00° 02Z % . e¢ 00°099 hie ee : . 00 “099 eee At Se siredar pue seyddng Go CHP C879 61° LLE g9°99 28° $9 TTS 6h LV T&T eB SS 02° 60¢ 08'O66T$ | OO'00G'S [erage yy gg SOT ; Sg SOT €9° 967 een ana €9° 96F % “GL 81299 en 81299 OISBM PUB [IO £0' 998. Lv es a 9¢ 11g 16° FS : L¥'GS TT 6F FP 801 HeB° SB 00022 Jo OO"0GY, |p eee sees [eaowsl ysy 8h 6S2. & bas 8h 696 S OS SPOT Fo een 0S ZPO'T = arqvesreyostq, 86 TOL'> BO LOG: or ert te eee “roqe'y ep LL1‘9$ | 96° 06S LE'ZL2S$ | SZ‘ O86$ 96 F06$ IT 67 To Ses'tg | ‘S42 89 20°28 | , SO LOLS [Peres Presence Te0D ‘sq| OF od “D'H, OF soulsugq =| soulsug Aq yUB_ poyefosy fq wayskg | payddng qunowy | ‘4ueg 10g ZuneiedgQ jo FURTT sunveH f}ON Suyvoy) .,gUeIT yanoury |480D [BOL Jo yal wve1g,, | 0} peyddng| jo yso9 3uye1a00%) uoniodoig peyeyos] Jo guauysedeq suyeledo W1B949 SuIpnpuy 0114091 ,, @ Sulyior[V quelg uoyeied9 03/Zute0usu jo qsneyqxg =| ‘Aaurpoeyy | Surye1edQ wayskg jo siseg payejos, | aqvorddy jo 480, ssoixy | Joj ,,9UB[q | 1eyIO pus jo Suneozy 0} somBuq | 1 peavey aye) > o 12 Por NY hy Oo oo rg rgtd HH PODNMHNRWHR; -_ _ to Ss 5) a B bn oN ZEREEEEES DNOARwWHRS % we S PPSPPP PPP >> _ et Om mR we OO o > WY Wg Zab Using 61.83 Ibs.| ........ per cu. ft. @ 114.6° F. a to oF wWHs 11,219.0 a A Mo Zu SESESERERD SE SEES8 EEE Time _ Oo = o SEEREEE © — o SRERREE EES BBs = o f. Total..... Average... DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION—TOMBS PRISON--TEST OF BOILERS. BY THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY, 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Steam Pressure Steam Used Steam Used Steam Used in Kitchen | Average in N. Average | in Laundry | Average |__ Pounds of Coal Fired During Pounds Shower Pounds and S. Pounds During Hour Interval 1 Hour of Steam Baths of Steam Showers of Steam Bristol Indicating Used Used Used Boi Recording Gauge per Hour per Hour per Hour 8 Max. | Min. Max. | Min. Max. | Min. per Test Boiler 2,838.5 47 41 B56 W sieavs tea ate secteeadacecen | oiaie Mtmakar (noe sacar’ Pounds of coal put on floor... 41 38 44 90.1 47.8 148.6 SiedRIbecmeD Sune one Rameau oseieS 45 41 45 72.1 23.9 154.3 Sie DAG Bel Rees EAS aR ONES 44 40 45 96.1 0 160.4 syatiey alte deadioedaheas aa sooo aes 44 40 45 108.0 0 154.3 43, 39 43 78.0 0 154.3 siidsdy ude. Sieh cheaetas ater ae wteralg sat erdes 41 38 43 96.1 0 148.6 Sik eda vara aeudan anaes eee 44 41 45 84.1 0 148.6 1912.0 lbs. of coal put on floor. . 45 42 46 96.1 0 130.8 nT RTT ee ee 50 46.5 50 78.0 0 154.3 Laie ihe Oa EES EAE EU EERE OS 55 51 55 66.1 0 178.2 eaaideal seh ds a eas ol arses RED 8 48 44 50 72.1 0 148.6 48 43.5 49 150.1 0 148.6 58 55 60 300.3 0 148.6 while phiaerouewasanaes eases 50 47 51 169.0 0 160.4 Sista oS aneeiedaateanieue eee oe 47 42 48 133.0 143.4 160.4 eens 50 45.5 50 630.0 41.9 295.17 ee ee 41 39 43 618.0 35.9 184.0 All coal fired. ............0008 | ceeeeeee a0 hae Metso deanna Ly wlaleydet 0 nideacet: l-ewaxe | woe<- ll sega Snelive ue vanes MA pom aNRauRG Ree TREO OS 35 31 35 450.0 17.9 178.2 Bare eked “fa idlgentaniactaa rag reer 49 43 47 540.0 0 178.2 3,204.5 lbs. of coal put on floor | ........ Si wees Weaton. | wamie ll eels aaenes Sas ahem Le apae nianie Wildaieeatenoatets nina 45 40 45 486.0 0 243.6 50 43 50 360.0 0 190.0 50 45 50 76.9 0 237.5 51 46 50 90.0 11.9 178.2 SoMa Reese am See Rs aaa 45 40 45 60.0 41.9 142.6 ee rT Tr 43 88.5 45 72.1 11.9 130.8 48 42 45 54.0 0 178.2 49 42 46 54.0 0 178.2 47 42 45 54.0 0 160.4 45 40 45 54.0 0 166.2 43 38.5 44 54.0 0 160.4 47 41.5 40 54.0 0 154.3 20 shovelfuls fired............ 44 40.0 50 54.0 0 166.2 SL aaeenemtah ORAS Ake 53 48 52 54.0 0 166.2 Rhrlnatie GN So wen ec eamaawolnen aes 55 50 55 54.0 0 178.2 All coal fired........ 53 48 48 54.0 0 172.0 asc hardesh iy wi a isaac ablaglevesessrasene ots 50 44.5 48 78.0 0 148.6 1,227.5 lbs. put on floor....... 50 45 50 306.0 0 148.6 20 shovelfuls fired............ 55 50 50 102.0 0 178.2 Lissa) ijas badsik Tnsutond ieoreenia PRE ROE 47 42 45 246.0 101.6 160.4 25.0 shovelfuls............... cneleeks si au seeders Seiden s dae ieee 1,353.0 Ibs. put on floor....... 60 54 60 570.0 47.8 291.0 Suse: Sra india ations Geaw we © 40 35 640 612.0 41.9 261.7 All coal fired.....:..0. 0.00060 | sscaeees eh Sade » Ulf userpea.i| Araer, Pesstsa noes ee dieses: | aes, [-oess | Meese se RAAT a dud es coated aie-weausta ah cotetln Saieas 30 26 = 30 414.0 29.9 178.2 ee ee 37 33 35 408.0 23.8 190.0 683.5 lbs. put on floor......... 47 42 48 216.0 0 324.0 All coal fired....... 0... ..00028 [eee eeeee es ed “Wa teee te eonts tM aceateratadet | Lanse lek ount i) labsauntaus oa eta aces scares Sno mae we ea dae clashes 48 42 48 174.0 0 279.0 Leia pA alaa gee emeNaeel are 52 48 52 168.0 17.92 235.8 Rao ches Gh coyote wie samealesae 52 49 52 102.0 23.90 178.2 45 41 47 60.0 5.9 133.8 112190 = J... So os 9,067 .2 670.22 8,645.0 i Mieeie Gh tehscteG Saige anaes 47 42.5 47 a eduatauese PG tarate Speen “Total of 1671 18720{| 18:382.4 |Ibs.} OF BOILERS. BY THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY, GAS & ELECTRICITY DAT heatohigae cee etic es cs 4548 esas eee 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Jsed Steam Used Steam Used Pumps Operating Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds hen Average in N. Average | in Laundry | Average of Per Cent. of Per Cent. of of Steam 1g Pounds Shower Pounds and 8. Pounds Ashes Kind of Water of Water Used Grate | Heating ur of Steam Baths of Steam Showers of Steam Time Location of Steam Leaks Removed of Moisture | per Pound] Ash per Pound | in Prison Kind of Boiler Area | Surface Used Used Used Boiler Feed | House Pump} Drip Pump and Coal in of in of per Pound “ per Hour : per Hour per Hour Strokes Strokes Strokes Time Coal Coal Coal Com- of Min. Max. | Min Max. | Min per Minute | per Minute | per Minute bustible Coal July 25, 1910 Sam ae: rma eamesn | aeea eee imate Ill waste dl Retelestens 18 30 29 5 P.M. | (1) Feed water heater..........] ......26 | cee cece e | cence eee sents th Babcock and Wilcox} 9’x6’ | ...... 90.1 47.8 148.6 18 28 29 6 P.M. | (2) Steam main in boiler room..| ........ | ee eeeee | cece eee Peewee eee [cee e ee Pv ee cree Pee ee ee ee | cece cece ee ee eee Poeee eee [eee eee 72.1 23.9 154.3 17 28 31 7 P.M. | (3) Back of boiler No. 2........[ 2... e ee [cece Pee e eee Pee eee ee Pc ee eee Pee eee Lecce eee [pete e eter eee | eens 96.1 0 160.4 17 25 31 8 P.M (4) From blow-down valve.....] .......6 | cceee eee Pocee ee eee Pee eee eee Pence ee Pee eee eee | cece ee [cee eee e eter ene [cece ee Pte eeee 108.0 0 154.3 41 28 31 9P.M. | Alltheaboveleakingcontinuously| ........ | .......6 | cece eee | eee cece [eee ee eee Pee e cece [cence ee [eee etree eee teen | cere [on eeees 78.0 0 154.3 16 24 3L 10 P.M. |.. a rcaceceratinincs ieeea taemions || Be hbtoiper lieu Maae ater | RRR SSemebeeet Lagmain ee || wearin ill Save aadare: il) bende tan gouduuse’ homie | laws Se 96.1 0 148.6 16 22.5 28 V1 MW ieee cccsecadsecteseery ce cee | ounctasw ff werasese J vesczoe® Pavesaaee | eteae cea | eves cecal sorera a | ae ee eee eee tae SSE] Hat ee 84.1 0 148.6 16.25 22.5 32 12) Mid’n. |b crocus 24d dabewn Wewbchaes tiene |) Gomanates [etsoraae [\ teblalea | ageeeaeee | woe ene | aan meeeg | ewen esas plsdeee erates tamee [oes 646 96.1 0 130.8 42 23 32 TAY Ma || secyaek cen arags caw say eee PIG O5 [hx coaches | satuwwee Il.weegeanes | Ue tedae | earddencl|l Geawe veo I aad sce aa omen | ecg Taseees 78.0 0 154.3 18 18.5 35 ZAM ih specdaiacd Ocean ta backers earees cevaw [i sesaeakcd Lt Rewemcies. | asesaias | Rie wwetan Gate (ea eee a. P Sal wee Oy Mader | Rcleunem. [ Wieet es 66.1 0 178.2 17 7.5 39 ihc Bs OW ave bese ud ub oadensawenendoevs | deeeeaee I aaskuaae Tererapas | aves ada basaseeen [eetekese PB teascede | eae eeieda tiaeeee, | eae we | eer ees 72.1 0 148.6 17 24 33 4 AIM Wasa ecdeki bi oblevdnwssdechetc | aeacdean | atntars@ | eeees ee |) wep etaee | erases | Acageewe |) Sace eee |! we etter tere 150.1 0 148.6 17 29 32 BAS Me We icce cers co eka imchne ae It aeeulecaee Wl aablem ans omoasaad | eseavade | eine ects |ll dansatnn | peuheven Wasa cae heen es 300.3 0 148.6 17.5 28.5 39 BoA Min! Wile clcioea nie hagas a gaeesae del iecaraaaadh aed bate | Guile ed ee. [iarnditteads: | Sake ee ll simastede el gee wnaisie || Galea gay geertes ace 169.0 0 160.4 16.5 34 35 WT Reo Mie |) o ay ose Ses Setsake dna enue mode | auigoseren, Ni senate || Wake, galbll| Ceraaetes: [Oa aa eee | Renee a ll ea eee 133.0 143.4 160.4 16 40 33 SiR IM "| Va weeny oe Mae Gegeniy aY owe ke weal |laueacn ae I aabareages [eames [x eorninwtneles ||) didonedestien | Sonera en Ib aig a-oe ete 630.0 41.9 295.17 17 42 34 GAs Mis || cise cacica Nein aden aera e | otek aos Ie aacaeieckee’ [nacoldd aus | databee wen" aakceadade|| weavemheoe tea arteed icecainelt eee atin ore 618.0 35.9 184.0 19 40 29 TO AeIM eo [neo ec nkhb a Skbass A SE A Madara ees | wan ee dae [ees Geo” | Rit deas, | eeeeaeue pf aise eae 6 sew lmes Mima ghaboe ss 450.0 17.9 178.2 38 36 25 TVA Mes Siccad ie anaaieetseusaees gear) Gegiaadea | sxaadeear | bres | deteaied | eodeauiga | scien: | guaigace, PP eeaeregaeakealene [usage [ aaeiac 540.0 0 178.2 17 37 34 12 Noon: |v ccvconecsscucnnsatvenecswern | sarencci | a sebesvat bosuactss | ees ente |) detexsg a] wee aie nd | teases || Sooe te aigantaend: oa groinns [acetone Gaatonaaee WY Gale er aoe Witeiatae see st Gjetkes! || tout] A mcumaaenn Gaius ee psa V2 BOA Mist Sincioudaiotd whee aetna iats a nan ek ale eas B1G.0° | daca: Wossewa peas || Gide died | eesmaaee. | erotaere [4 eames cp) Sear dead ieee Pema | ean dens 486.0 0 243.6 19 34 37 YT PaIMS Vow vada de avaalsd vhs 5anas nese | eeeesecs | exaeexaw Paaetacie | tveearee Peeessare | eas videe | dobaegee | ee ouentagres sees | Geena] eeesee 360.0 0 190.0 18 35 76 DP WUMie Wee wnaceuucne eas eek ee ailaaid [a akcewau! Paceuaes dleeswemn a |) awesiay I) dudddoe | pices, | ane te a: |lteeascateng eve sa || wmaueaiy. ll alee yas 76.9 0 237.5 17 26 50 SSPE Mg We nce fe ce ige he ane aaaae Beem | Messen ghee N weg eannla o\|lvameentgae ac scaratanaetive MM daaveneapetar ll ced A emlec Iicacareataate | ata a ocerarepe eee [ea eAana ee Batic 90.0 11.9 178.2 18 29 33 A PeMeE Wh ode cise cid hoakaharascuimter |) Btemeeen- weer. |) evavaese | anice vee | oacigames. | oanceted |) aetasad ane meenieneoeer ||| areas 60.0 41.9 142.6 22 27 28 BB Mig) a ions cons kseneas are ath raat” Wrmehisnanasen iad a abe: | avacemn Women oe. I) Sakouitwe: fo aemeiaun [yekmaareen tf antd aaediieletel samen | anee eee ila eaten 72.1 11.9 130.8 17 29 28 GeP OM li Sdacctea in edoaeie gu atontend Wl Sanda ava |) oaulewe diy avaae eine | bag teesce | Gar ete yemeuesd | seas ee | aeteatatagenue ey fmawayhe Pea ecoee 54.0 0 178.2 17 28 28 7 Pe Miss | Se Sincere ate daw de aide Sead. W oaadete ds Notions tip eeaas ene eae Semana. | 48 Gaps lense cee | epuaieests: || algmnan waa dete || eaters. ll meuee ay 54.0 0 178.2 17 22 28 Bee Mis hyo uduishis hicsosetiatle dabdiinaienwitioie (oweeaadléa aca baaee ddtathee | saitedan | senile |iieenae | aaa es. pavemenee secdeae wy | oem este | 4 aeae 54.0 0 160.4 17 32 27 QUI gah te aid nore ele Meda epest cohctarS,) Mlk cee ees [ao robe | teaeane tien “| aaa Aavdarstall) araalisevarest: Ment emicaatin WexSumahenas| eae aneMnaens shee waeeGD It ietetaneua a. || hasta ated 54.0 0 166.2 16 24 28 1OCPE MS Iwas we aS eau eh evade towel aaweone ‘be aheedsa” De aasaae. la seaese | saameante \aaedidon se |) aiandse: loa tdayuen cat Sine CRUD Gee eel I ewe 54.0 0 160.4 16 22.5 28 TPM | vedios sow cas Siac cauwanea aa: || es Seen | Meetee te | wildaeann | Mevess cea li aateanes || tasweore il ean cedan cl sae taacetietegar |) sues eer | eases 54.0 0 154.3 17 22 23 1D MEG i Haske ay sce-ccohoaa nu aduueenusaida Sea [lsackeaGice “| ape maneen | ekmeetet |} atwa aww edema I memuisea Nl aelparstacry. fe aredebead eears a Aen Noe pains oP iene S ree July 27, 1910 54.0 0 166.2 20 23 30 1A.M. G95 Ol 2 ice Sacco eas + Uensteeaees SAS ekaweees 4 | erent Il eve ake tga eas gaa atin || tiheas a atau alates] (catalase) [Ma teaegeTS 54.0 0 166.2 18 22 30 Deo Mar | ink akon leasiouldey adebide bce oie We dlencege.eoercatwol! Reiasios If Gaesaeesel| Gagan tee a] anemaee ll ee peat ay [ents wee aa say eee. I a ceemia | eiacerss 54.0 0 178.2 18 21.5 32 SeA COMES | |i ers ancius a his « gare onsen tastateinec | kha ease. \Ilivceiextame enh smcabesaleatan IP muetiae avec. [aneauslgias ae | | cue nostancaa’ | are asian eel) epee nee eA do eromaee [Ira seAGer | eunae. 54.0 0 172.0 17.5 22 28 BAe Mig || esrsierecid sacs wee acetone oe abe sens [4 AAR ateen | lelteaBeR! |-ERNEO S | Sa aeemnan filaaeavenne J) lowe sapere [reese eeay || Se Deer eteaeeen || eee ster | Gis take 78.0 0 148.6 17 23 27 GAG Ma iene ao oiedy oman nenm neato ateaaneens il atene aces ato Uatenileey Soll “Gmanta ea ai | deeatoh tare |arer eed Ihaaad x arenl||, Caw Rae aoinelelangee” [| Seeieede Iaekna es 306.0 0 148.6 20 27 29 GAVE lade stan ace gale tmnt aie cadens cect ese cena ol [lecaeen satan aan cyte a el Ih goatee lala SL oats eoadmtahes [be ilghsinre i|f arang melanie, alge aoiaatecaam ane aI a:ave,aiere 102.0 0 178.2 17 35 28 PRG OMS SW ce treet dd xc, at ade a lange thal a desets. 3)ileguavlamars o | ch aetan aiere - | arentaraee & ere Panne Me aria na eins | tedacaeen || anmomatoas il: se’ kucaeig amide Sivas [he seVarsueean “| ahard acts 246.0 101.6 160.4 18 39 26 Bi ACME lh ecctnnmncanoxe ere tbuacacen aes Wacangeeaie’ |etaeoaia | oecinree || Senaatum Peragzeue |adeceey Tl greavene | 4.9 weenie nesiemeled |! Gpeuccle, |p se saa 570.0 47.8 291.0 23 44 36 QUA IME Oia he A ath Nose gS eh. I aaa tee At eee oe alt alan btins Aste IE 0 Mun gurengianine 'emebndues, Gimud Bt ayicnauienasne. Soll ese Sayama. (| apie eae ae thse soaiaaana 8 Say, eyeabateat ll aig pial 612.0 41.9 261.7 16 38 23 LO Aes Me crate an Sa alnank aoe chinteaer seid ietete uate [i anicdaeesed| ate aus SIRE. deeepcate areca p) ioe creeaysenein ul Lierrae ane rede Me onaeatanat dal aol Ncers gra atotatas [is decals Gearaeetamvonartens ya | eecentiatee ll ca Mennrats 414.0 29.9 178.2 16 32 44 TT AM ys. g2e Gre ee eitaihtades Jvadad witwesele: | anadence [avaveiee unladde | a ateiee yeagae lbaseaeesns, | tadddaetenencare Ieee Poasauree 408.0 23.8 190.0 17 34 64 AZNGOM: || eauicdarnlaaied seo Sea wie ae en 82% Uiciieaies b1 Wckenecumeoeecl| eee ced lt Gentine l(c dne ae cade bell etiicewtees: |) guaebesmens salty gsuce send susie a I aeeasetens I[ saveere sys 216.0 0 324.0 17 39 91 1P.M. BBLS: Wacsccs eas |-eaverees (| aeaeeese ll aera ene [ows seaee- | moeesrs Ill seaai wearers east llaihedae | oscars 174.0 0 279.0 17 35 33 DEP laude in Sek aetna dt bel Bi cet M nee teases Soll eee eae lb: Wie lek eats PPauaicubantsauacll arp trans seer | aah a8 eon) aaiaistaeu cee asl IAG ech SP Sane Sates IRL? sero aand | pen at 168.0 17.92 235.8 18 28 49 3 P.M. APR aie a aa Rana Srna ns Liga minien I cguveatatBanatn || Brae sace ae) Lagarde Yt a etabitantates [ea tendcee fealalavncen mails ours telppleast nauaae aa GPa Gade ales, If eaeeeme At4.10 fireman opened blow-down 102.0 23.90 178.2 18 28 37 4P.M. valve: on mud: drum’ to Jowerlllisco esse er fi antees. Iawadeakia "| area.ses I) wine gacew: |! egGee eae If Sa eae eta see Gee dee: | wteeee || eects 60.0 5.9 133.8 17 32 37 5 P.M. water in. boiler. ~ This was forl'l ss ccscs | exces | vo ceawae lower ase | antenwen |b aescawed | wrens’. aseeaeeeaamnaae i) eeeeee poaessiets about 3 minutes 9,067 .2 670.22 8,645.0 WL Ob Bilia's-c./ll-neatueen aaa ue vee inna seul Gress 2,568.75 |Buckwheat} 1.25 20.3 23.9 26585 Tiasseas |-godaumcakesaanas Bs aM, a oe a BL wwe It eles ta eo s > z © SYATMOHS S&S &@ AMINA T $v <¢€ 2 U wu u ou @ 9 Z S Ss + € z t [| { (| | @ NAHOLIY | | I | | were tl ot GeeeAy VWovfuTpuaS FS SUES” ae ONLIVWAH ATLWM Lor -aAvOtT-AALNIM- xe -NOLLCWASNOD - WWSALS - 438 --_——n FS NYL popeurwrpe = Aycwu ways YIM SPLOT CNY, umeyoe sae stolyrpwoD yreseud swepun spoT ; wwe wed ww ! we N Wor 6 ¢ £9 ree Me ztw nore 9 vs ¥¢ 9° o2 ov w a oo & e 8 9 “ oor o 5 Oz . ozr = ° I ovt = 3 ost * G e 91 ia ° oor & a X oz orz o+z 092 09% oe2 nw “CANON: s on - we U6E yZl- yor ABMvVaA¢teat 6 yl- 48 AUMWVAUWEIS oo : "WeBS fo voudunecnu)es pues Uoljeuodxna Suimoys cweuberg ~ HAR MSN - NOSTAqd CadwolL aHL Av cisal sao sL_ItmMsaq - 439 = FEBRUARY 6". 19il FEBRVARY 16*-17"1911 Scalles of Pressures in Pounds per sqvare inch 50 ¢ wn BM. ~HOVRS- A.M. VARIATIONS OF STEAM PRESSVRE - TOMBS PRISON- NYT 440 o GEN CO.cHICAGO- 441 WAI Ww or “prot ueunung uo vordumsvwo> fine uu —— CGLPAZ jg Sutanp Maye] = 379M e £4 9 £§ * € ZS 1 Ww Woo 6 es 2 ucwjys sO ypreodhy We pue SRAAND PO} 2W2AYL La ® S@AIMOHS HLAON @) SAAMOHSSS AAAINAYT NAHOLU& 442 EXHIBIT 15 Criticism by Charles G. Armstrong of the report on the city prison (Tombs) by Messrs. Lacombe, Sever and Bolton, in a letter to the Bureau of Municipal Research on April 11, 1911, in which he takes issue with their conclusions. April 11th, 1911. Mr. Henry Bruere, Director, Bureau Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: Dear Sir—I have just received the joint report from Messrs. Lacombe, Sever and Bolton on the Tombs lighting and wish to congratulate these gentlemen on the thoroughness with which they have covered up the real facts in connection with this plant. They are correct in their statement that they induced Commissioner Barry to shut down the plant, but they did not do it by the method they indicated in this report. They wrote him a letter stating that the plant was very inefficient, that the engines were worn out and would require extensive repairs, approximately $2,000 or more, and that they would pay for current used and thereby show a saving in Commissioner Barry’s Department. This the Commissioner allowed them to do, with the result as near as I can deduce from the showing that the City lost about $14,000 during the year 1910. I should like to have your expert accountants verify this statement. The report shows very plainly that by a system of calculation the Tombs should have used about 381,586.8 kilowatt hours during the year 1909. I can readily under- stand how the plant could use 300,000 kilowatt hours, but I should like to know just how the writers of this report calculated the .8. This report also states that during the year 1910 the Edison Company supplied 273,381 kilowatt hours, thereby saving 108,200 kilowatt hours over and above that sup- plied by the Tombs’ plant in 1909. The way this saving actually came about was that after the plant had been run- ‘ning on Edison current for the first two months, the current was found to be too high. As a result, lamps were taken from sockets, the ventilating system was discon- tinued and the current shut down about four hours per day, thus depriving the prisoners from necessary light and ventilation. In other words, the economy effected was by cutting down the service and not by the substitution of economical lamps, which could have been done. In spite of this great saving, however, and according to this report, the City was a loser. After being questioned on the losses sustained, they turned their attention to the bad condition of the heating plant and quoting from Mr. Bolton’s report: “The prevailing deplorable conditions of the operation of this plant of ma- chinery are all illustrated in the records which were secured of the use of steam generated under the adverse circumstances previously detailed,” and further: “The graphic record clearly shows the extent of the wastage, which amounts to no less than 11,000 pounds weight of condensed steam out of a total of 15,500 pounds,” and again “* * * that by reasonable care and attention the total consumption shown might be reduced by no less than 68 per cent., which is the amount of the present wastage. “The total present consumption of steam to the foregoing services of the prison is thus found to be 26,200 pounds per diem out of which no less than 443 * * 15,490 pounds is due to mere wastage, or a proportion of 60 per cent. of all the live steam supplied for the several services.” One need not be an engineer to understand that a plant which is wasting “60 per cent. of all the live steam supplied for the several services” is not an economical plant. As the engines were not running at the time this test was made, it is very apparent that they could not have been very inefficient. The only conclusions that even a layman could draw from this is that the engines were handicapped by the boiler loss of 68 per cent., but were still able to make 381,586.8 kilowatt hours and then have steam enough left to operate the remainder of the plant. Now for the facts: According to their own statement, the wages for 1909 and 1910 were substantially the same. The kilowatt hours saved in 1910 over 1909, according to their estimate, was over 108,000. The saving in coal between no plant and a plant running, in which, of course, is included the 68 per cent. loss that they mention was $4,266.55, against which we must charge the Edison cost for 381,586.8 kilowatt hours, which they state must have been made during the previous year, and an enormous loss of nearly $15,000 will be at once shown, provided that the same price is paid per K.W.H. as was charged in the wholesale contract, which your actuary, Mr. Sheperdson, is better able to determine than I am. You will notice that the statement as to costs and savings is intentionally mis- leading. On page 8 you will see a summary of costs of operation of the Tombs’ plant, where they put in hypothetical figures. In 1909, they did have a plant and consequently there was no money paid out for electricity, unless it might have been for a small breakdown service, which there is no excuse for having. In 1910 the engines were not running. By cheating the prisoners of their ventilation and greatly reducing the light, of which the Warden complained bitterly to me, stating that they could not see in the dark corners, however, the plant still cost the City enormous sums of money. The 1910 figures which they gave us were by inference only and based entirely on a hypothetical case. They also make the curious statement that in 1909 the electricity cost $20,271, the total cost of operation being $30,818. Sixty-eight per cent. of the coal cost in this they claim was wasted in 1910. As I know of some changes that were made during the early part of 1910, sug- gested by me and previous to their making that test, it is fair to assume that this loss was greater in 1909 than in 1910, but for sake of argument we will assume that this waste of coal was the same in 1909. Sixty-eight per cent. of $12,028.99, the coal cost for 1909, would leave $3,849 as the amount of coal available to run the entire plant, including dynamos; therefore, with the engines running, it only required $3,849 to produce 381,586.8 kilowatt hours. Necessarily, some of this steam was used for operating showers, heating domestic water, operating pumps and other appliances. According to their test, this required $7,762.44 worth of coal, and with the same wastage, 68 per cent., would be $2,483. As this service has remained the same as it was in 1909, the total coal required for the engines was the difference between $3,849 and $2,483, which leaves $1,366; therefore, it only required .3577c. to produce a kilo- watt hour of electricity during the year 1909. As all of their costs were the same in 1910, barring possibly a little less oil and waste, you will therefore see, by their figures, that the City has lost the difference between .3577c. per K.W.H. and 4 23/100c. per K.W.H., which is the best figure they quote, equalling 3 87 (/100c. per K.W.H.; therefore, practically every dollar paid to the Edison Company has been lost. 444 The Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity remind me of the doctor who whenever he found a patient in trouble, gave him medicine to throw him into a fit, for he was Hell on fits. When they found the plant running badly, they condemned the engines, the only economical piece of apparatus in the plant instead of condemning the other steam apparatus which the writer discovered to be bad when he first visited the plant. It is very evident to a casual observer, that there is much need for someone to properly supervise city plants, whose interest is not in closing down the same and turning the business over to the Edison Company. I have not tried to carry out my figures to the last decimal as the writers of this report have done in showing how much current should be used in 1909, but you will find in the main they are correct. I am sure Mr. Sheperdson, now that I have pointed out the way, can very soon put these figures into shape that will bear the criticism of such mathematicians as make a guess and then carry out their guess to the third or fourth decimal point. There is one thing I certainly do admire about Commissioner Thompson, and that is that he is perfectly loyal to everyone of his employees, even if he knows that they are in the wrong. This is the one thing that has made it possible for them to hang together as long as they have. With your continued support and the additional fact that we are in the right, we will unquestionably win out in this matter. There is another point in their report which I wish to call your attention to, and which is pointing to a serious condition of affairs. In their eagerness to give their business to the Edison Company, they are entirely losing sight of the fact that high- class men must be employed in all buildings where there are elevators or other ' hazardous apparatus used. If you will notice the list of elevator accidents they almost invariably occur in these plants where low-grade engineers are employed. Even a low-pressure steam heating plant can be made to explode and do terrific damage if not properly handled, and the less the man in charge knows, the more danger there is of such trouble occurring. The shutting down of the dynamos and engines of a plant and the reducing of the steam pressure to 10 pounds or less, would mean that our plants would be run by janitors and other men not skilled, and the very condition which they found in the Tombs, would soon exist in all plants. Yours very truly, (Signed) CHAS. G. ARMSTRONG. 445 EXHIBIT 16 Mr. Charles G. Armstrong’s reply to the Edison Company’s criticism of the report on “ Lighting Public Buildings,” dated April 18, 1911. New York City, April 13th, 1911. Mr. Henry Bruere, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City. Dear Sir—Replying to the New York Edison Company’s reply of March 29th, 1911, by their Mr. Arthur Williams, in which they make a series of criticisms on your report “Lighting of Public Buildings” of January 18th, 1911, I beg to state that I find many statements therein, exceedingly inconsistent, many of them mis- leading and many due to misinformation on the part of the Edison Company. In their opening clause, they say: “This company is heartily in accord with the purpose of the Bureau to ascertain the cost of service of this character” and continues, “Tt is a subject upon which a great deal of misinformation exists” and then they proceed to take up the other side of the question, undoubtedly, with the best of motives, but due to their over-zealous desire to defend themselves, they have been lead into exaggerations bordering on the absurd, which will be pointed out in their regular order as I endeavor to answer their communication. As to their willingness to be heartily in accord with the desire to know the true facts, I wish to cite their statement in which they say: “The expert making this report, we believe, is president of the National Isolated Power Plant Association and has taken a very prominent part in local movements through which effort has been made to antagonize central station service and promote that of private isolated plants.” The “expert” mentioned absolutely denies that he has ever “taken a very prominent part in local movements, etc.” As their representatives were present at the inception of this movement, they are well aware of the fact that the object of this association is to conduct fair and impartial tests and ascertain the true facts relative to this very controversy and because “a great deal of misinformation exists.” They further state that their service is at your disposal to obtain these facts, but it is very evident from the way they talk that they feel that they alone are the only ones qualified to find out the real truth. Outside of the fact that the motto of the National Isolated Power Plant Associa- tion is “Tell the truth about isolated plants,” we further must consider that the compensation of a consulting engineer doing such work as the writer does, viz.: heating, ventilating, plumbing, elevators and power plant installations, the actual value of the work upon which he receives his compensation is fully 80 per cent. on items that would have to be installed whether an isolated plant were installed or not, therefore, it is fair to say that less than 20 per cent. of his interests is the installation of an isolated plant. Which would you naturally consider the least apt to be the prejudiced man, the one, 20 per cent. of whose income depends on the installation of isolated plants or the man, 100 per cent. of whose income depends on not installing an isolated lant. Relative to “The Author’s Limited Experience Under New York Conditions,” would say that the writer has installed or supervised over one thousand plants in all parts of the country. That in New York, he has three large buildings where he has ~ installed isolated plants because it was to the best interest of the owner to do so ° 446 and that he has five other plants being supplied by Edison current for the same reason. Professional ethics would prohibit me from discussing the private affairs of my clients, therefore I am not in a position to answer some statements relative to the installation of elevators and prices quoted by the Edison Company, etc., but in every case I have served the owners to their entire satisfaction, which is all that any consulting engineer can expect to do. Over half the plants installed by me in New York have been Edison service and the remainder isolated plants. One-fifth of my income is derived from the installation of isolated plants and I have never made the statement “that a central station cannot compete with any isolated plant.” On the other hand Mr. Williams and his company derive their entire revenue from central station business and have made the statement “that central station cur- rent can compete with any isolated plant,” but have never installed an isolated plant and would not install one if they could. I am also sorry to note throughout their communication a tendency to per- sonalities, which at the best is a weak argument and generally indicates that the one resorting to such tactics is confronted with unsurmountable facts. Quite contrary to Mr. Williams’ belief in me, I have the highest regard for his ability and believe he is actuated by the best of motives, but that he is carried away by his over-zealous efforts in behalf of his company. On page 1 of his reply Mr. Williams summarizes his statements as follows: “1, That part of the investment which is subjected to the largest degree of uncertainty and the highest rate of depreciation, can be greatly lessened.” This statement does not apply to boilers, as boilers must be used for heating purposes; it does not apply to elevators; it certainly does not apply to piping nor switchboards, and it can therefore, only apply to engines and dynamos. The ordinary high speed engine and dynamo such as is commonly used in an isolated plant is no more unreliable than the engines and dynamos used by the central station plant, which effectually disproves statement No. 1. “2. A simpler equipment and consequently simplified conditions of operation.” Central station equipment is necessarily more complicated than that of an isolated plant, as they have turbines, complicated switchboard mechanism and intricate high- tension wiring. Liability to short circuit is far greater with high tension generators used in central station work than it is in an isolated plant, the best example of which, I herewith enclose a clipping giving an account of the performances of the New York Edison Company on the evening of the 11th inst., when the entire lower part of Manhattan was without service for a short time owing to a short circuit on a 20,000 K. W. dynamo, which destroyed the unit and in all probabilities, mere luck prevented the destruction of the whole plant. “3. The absence of that element of danger which inherently attends the presence of steam at high pressure.” I am reliably informed that the police records of the last twenty-five years show that all boiler explosions in Manhattan were on low pressure boilers, operated by the very type of men whom the Edison Company consider capable of handling a plant. In other words, the real danger is in the neglected low pressure plants rather than high pressure plants. “4, The elimination of the nuisance of receiving and storing coal and removing ashes in large quantities.” Mr. Williams admits that 60 per cent. of the coal would be necessary anyway, and I therefore, can scarcely see what is meant by “large quantities.” If 100 per cent means large, I suppose 60 per cent. means a small quantity in their estimation. “S. The absence of noise, dirt, confusion and all chance of accident and breakdown; the elimination of accident liability.” 447 This has been answered in the third and fourth statments. 1t does not neces- sarily follow that an isolated plant should be noisy. In most cases, they are not noisy, and when they are, the noise so made is not nearly as disagreeable as the hum of a high-tension transformer such as is used by the central station companies. I wish to again call attention to statement No. 5. “All chance of accident and breakdown.” How about the evening of April 11th, and many other times when entire sections of the City have been without power. “Lack of Organization and Bad Management Found in Some Private Plants.” Under this caption they cite unquestionably the Tombs, because they give the same percentage of loss as is given by Mr. Bolton in his report. It seems rather strange that the Edison Company should be so intimately acquainted with reports made by the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. That this plant was inefficient, that the steam generating part of the plant should have been looked after, is no news to me. I have known of this for some time, but I should like to ask if the fact of the boilers being uneconomically managed, is a sufficiently good excuse for the shutting down of the dynamos. The engines were handicapped by the loss of 70 per cent. of the steam before it reached them, though they were still able to make nearly a half million kilowatt hours per year. This, I think, speaks very well for the condition of the engines and instead of con- demning and shutting them down, the steam plant should have been repaired. Next follows rather a glaring statement— “Edison Service Can Compete with Ariy Private Plant in New York.” Mr. Williams states that— “No figures are offered upon the present or prospective cost of the elec- trical service of these buildings.” It is not necessary and never has been to make any test on the Hall of Records to ascertain the cost, from the fact that the plant is already underloaded and has abundant capacity in its boilers, engines and dynamos to supply the necessary cur- rent for buildings mentioned. One does not need to be a mathematician or an engineer to understand that when a plant is already in operation, to add some additional load, provided such additional load does not overtax it, actually increases the efficiency of the plant. It will also be apparent to any one that the added cost would be represented only by the added coal and a very small interest cost incidental to the new wires for supplying said service. The total cost of this wiring will be less than $5,000, there- fore, the interest and depreciation is necessarily very small and as no additional men are required, quite to the contrary, considerably less number of men than under the former conditions, it would be impossible for any central station to compete with this condition. There is no published rate on the part of the Edison Company that would begin to approach the coal cost of supplying current from the Hall of Records to the County Court and the City Hall Buildings. Another very curious incident is that their statement for the last year gives the entire cost of Edison service as only $4,800, whereas the cost of the service for 1909 was $13,060.21. If the mere threat to connect the City Hall and the County Court House with an isolated plant has the effect of reducing the Edison charges over 60 per cent., what will not the actual installation of the plant save the City of New York? In fact, the uncertainty as to just what will be charged for current is one of the greatest objections to the Central Station Service. No man knows till the end of the year, after the debt has been incurred, just what he is going to be charged for current. The writer has endeavored several times to find out the exact contract under which the Edison Company supply current to the County Court Building and the City Hall Building, but has been unable to do so. I doubt whether any such contract exists. 448 I know what it cost in 1909 to run this plant and have based my estimates thereon. The statement in the public press of recent date, which seems to have dis- tressed the Edison Company, was an under-statement rather than an over-state- ment of the exact saving that could be made to the City. The heating has now been in successful operation for some weeks and is prov- ing clearly that every statement made by the writer has been verified so far as suc- cessful operation and costs are concerned. As to their “Guaranteed Saving of 10 per cent. if Private Plant Be Abandoned.” No man would be foolish, enough to entrust his plant to an outsider to operate for him, under any such conditions from the fact that by depriving the tenants from the proper amount of light, by cutting down the service, it would be easy enough to save the 10 per cent. above mentioned, and after a few months of operation, the owner would find his plant had been practically ruined by the inefficient operatives that would be supplied by the Edison Company if they were allowed to use the kind of service which they advocate. As to the “Earlier Report to the Bureau Evidently Accepted as Being Inaccurate.” This preliminary report served its purpose very well indeed, and differs from the present report in no appreciable amount. Under the caption “ Oe oes db ding ca conde avanaynchineds a0 aches ocd encreadcd tea cylrawalenctaworseoncreietnets $2,407.00 The net result demonstrates that an increased usage of a City plant cannot be made without proportionately increased costs. The change in conditions has thus served a useful purpose in illustration, and has further afforded the opportunity of observing the effect of the combined services, and the comparison of the outlay upon them, with that of service purchased from the corporations enfranchised by the City, with results which throw a very interesting light upon the ineffectiveness of the operation of municipally operated industry as compared with that municipally established but entrusted to private conduct. The detailed study of the operation of the Hall of Records plant, and the segre- gation of the services, has afforded an opportunity for the ascertainment of another point discussed with the Bureau of Municipal Research, namely, the extent and value of exhausted steam of electric generators, as affecting the cost of their product. In this instance, the large extent of heating work added to normal requirements, eliminates any elements of uncertain apportionment of the utilized exhaust steam. But the contribution under these, which may be assumed to be almost ideal conditions, never- theless is the rather insignificant proportion of 18.6%, a result which goes for to confirm other observations laid before the Bureau derived from conditions obtaining in commercial buildings in this City. There is a final consideration which has been strongly impressed upon the writer in connection with this matter, namely, the questionable desirability of utilizing a public building of this particular character, and containing the priceless records of the Municipality, as a power generating station, with all the contingent possibilities of danger, even if remote, connected therewith. The Hall of Records is a massive building of modern construction, occupying a block approximately 151 feet by 194 feet, at the intersection of Chambers and Centre Streets. Its location in relation to the other buildings herein referred to is shown on the accompanying map. It is monumentally designed and of solid construction. No expense was spared in its materials or in its equipment, and both indicate every refinement of desirability and convenience. The capacity of the power plant is considerably over proportioned to the developed requirements of the building, but being sub-divided into a number of units, of excellent character and inter-relation, the services of steam and electricity are afforded under favorable conditions, and labor 456 is reduced by ample space and the high class of the appliances and further by the operation of a storage battery eliminating the necessity of generating electricity at night. The apparatus, from exterior observations, appears to be well cared for and main- tained, and with the exception of some slight defects of design in the piping, the plant appears to be a good example of a modern installation. The services which are at present provided by the plant are as follows: Steam is supplied to generating engines, elevator pumps, house water and feed, sump and drip pumps, also in summer to a small refrigerating plant (of absorption type), used for reducing the temperature of drinking water. Steam, partly contributed by exhaust from the foregoing and partly directly from the boilers, is provided to heat warm water for sanitary purposes, and in winter to heat the Hall of Records building. Since March 1, 1911, a supply of steam has been taken through piping laid under the street and park to the City Hall, the County Court and the Municipal Court (brownstone) buildings. Electricity is generated for lighting the Hall of Records, for operating the motors of ventilating fans, and occasionally for an electric house pump; also to charge a storage battery which is used in turn to maintain electric service at night, when the generators are customarily shut down. Labor I. The following mechanical labor force is now employed in the Hall of Records: TiChite f VEN Binet Atiscsc:. c posdiatacmint-ans, Saaeaateactrce e Sotveinien $6.00 per day, 365 days 1 Engineer at..... Pes hseos sn oda ads ST IRN CaS NaN se $5.00 per day, 365 days i; EET BATLE ENS: SAE vise disgiovesewew ds wAcabncive-aneed avo Lyalelneuie dened Scgusa GR $4.50 per day, 365 days 9B: ONS HS: A beaches parsrcices Sehnereraeanbnaeaassstendedta Hinde Aa codunde dels $3.00 per day, 365 days MOF Ba Remiety: tis c.spcaasiaxtncrensercaron eneanarcsd art eeneaiaseguaunee cuban Mlaoes $3.00 per day, 365 days LEE CRIGIATY “AE deczeavacocevend-G wetnsibeceini tg so4 doug bbormuaieulttvedlayiadooane $4.50 per day, 365 days TAD ORER Ati sc asmnire smear case duane sca dence catalase ayesha tiene $2.40 per day, 365 days 22 Men—Total cost of labor per annum............ cece eee eee eee ee $28,981 .00 This force has been increased to its present number and rates of wages, since the addition was made to the steam output last March, from a total of 18 men, at an annual cost (as of 1910) of............ cece eee $24,194.00 The increase appears to be due to the addition of a first assistant engi- neer and of three additional hands in the fireroom, the net increase being $4,787.00 Ventilation The Hall of Records is provided with a very complete and modern installation of ventilating apparatus, electrically operated. This includes blower fans arranged to provide an ample supply of fresh air to the occupied portions of the building, which fans draw fresh air through a filtering and tempering chamber. We found, on observa~ tion, that these screens are not, and have not for some time, been provided with necessary cheese-cloth filter screens, and the air now being drawn into the building is therefore unfiltered, and is necessarily charged with dust. In combination with the work of the fresh-air blowers, four exhaust or vent fans are provided at the roof level, the purpose of which is to withdraw air from the interior of the building in equal quantity to that forced in. Our observations extended to the methods employed in operating these appliances. We found that the fresh air blowers are not operated, and have not been operated for some time past. On the other hand, the vent or exhaust fans at the roof are all operated and at all times equally. The effect of this defective method is to withdraw from the interior of the building an amount of air equivalent to the entire interior contents of the Ee 457 Duane Reave Craneers Avmavoucy CoNnSIDERED Scare (#150 VILDINGS Revative Location or 458 building, twice each hour without provision for its replacement in the manner and in the places designed. The result is to bring about a strong inward suction of air, which is productive of inward draught, at all points; in part, through the filter chamber, which, as above stated, is unprovided with filter cloths, and in part by inward leakages through doors and windows. These draughts are doubtless affected as to extent and direction by the variations of the wind, and may easily become excessive in certain parts of the occupied portions of the building, while there may be no appreciable ventilation in other parts. We learned from the official in charge that the labor of cleaning the interior of the building and the amount of dust therein, is excessive, which is confirmed by the fact that no less than 35 persons are employed as cleaners, a large part of the cost of which labor appears to be attributable to the removal of the dust drawn into the building by the methods above described. We also learned, upon inquiry, that some of the employees in one of the depart- ments had suffered in health, and two have died of pneumonia as a result of colds contracted at their place of work. In addition to the ventilating apparatus for the building, as above described, there are special blower and exhaust fans employed upon the ventilation of the engine room, storage battery and machinery spaces which are operated continuously. Elevators: There are six vertical cylinder hydraulic elevators in the Hall of Records which are regularly utilized for passenger service. There are also four hydraulic book lifts which are not utilized. All are operated by three duplex compound steam pumps. Observations upon the service show that between 11.30 A. M. and 1.30 P. M., four of the passenger elevators are in operation, the service covering a distance of 11.54 car miles. The average operation is one car from 6 A. M. to 7 A. M., one and one half cars from 7 A. M. to 8 A. M., four cars from 8 A. M. to 5 P. M., three cars from 5 P. M. to 6 P. M., and one car is operated occasionally from 6 P. M. to midnight. One car is operated upon a reduced schedule for eight hours on Saturday afternoons, on Sundays, and on public holidays. The average week-day service amounts to 60.7 car miles, and that for Sundays and holidays, to 3.3 car miles. The steam consumption chargeable to the pumps for this elevator service is 937.32 B.h.p. hours per average week day, and 51.36 B.h.p. hours per day for Sunday and holiday service. Auxiliaries: From tests in other buildings upon the actual steam consumption of similar minor apparatus, it is found that the steam required for the operation of the auxiliaries, consisting of house pump, feed pump, sump, drip and return pumps, would amount to 315 B.h.p. per average winter day, and these services would be provided by 240 B.h.p. hours during the summer. Electric Requirements: The electric requirements of the lighting and power services in the Hall of Records were estimated from the hourly ammeter readings covering a period of one week, from December Ist to 7th inclusive, 1911. These readings establish the average demand for a day of this season at 1,357.5 kilowatt hours, and show that Sunday and Saturday afternoon usages are respectively 586.8 and 389.4 kilowatt hours. Taking into consideration the number of working days, Sundays, holidays and Saturdays during the year, an annual electric demand of 366,000 kilowatt hours is found. The ratio of the annual usage to the average of November and December usage is as 8.33 to 9.33, by which the actual annual requirements for this building, are found to be 322,000 kilowatt hours per annum. 459 Hovurty Exvectraic Output FROM GENERATOR IN THE HA.t or REcorDs K. W. from Amps. x Volts Hour December 1, | December 2, | December 3, | December 4, | December 5, | December 6, | December 7 Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday 6 A.M. 60. 64.8 18. 72. 76.8 60. 76.8 7AM. 79.2 76.8 46.8 85.2 81.6 79.2 76.8 S8A.M. 76.8 86.4 46.8 88.8 81.6 79.2 76.8 9 A.M. 96. 76.8 46.8 105.8 92.6 98.4 91.2 OA. M. 120. 100.8 46.8 134.8 141.6 124.8 129.6 1 A.M. 124.8 103.2 46.8 111.6 152.4 102.0 141.6 12M. 127.2 60. 28.8 105.6 142.8 102.0 112.8 1P.M. 127.2 48. 28.8 96. 129.6 100.8 112.8 2P.M. 132.0 38.4 28.8 96. 108.0 102. 112.8 3 P.M. 132.0 36.0 28.8 91.2 120. 102. 108. 4P.M. 183.2 36.0 28.8 88.8 104.4 88.8 93.6 5 P.M. 74.4 36.0 28.8 80.4 60.0 76.8 90. 6 P.M. 45.0 36.0 28.8 48. 55.4 50.4 48. 7P.M. 30.0 33.0 28.8 30. 42.0 88.4 42. 8 P.M. 31.2 32.4 28.8 30. 42.0 30. 30. 9P.M. 30.0 33.6 28.8 27.6 38.4 30. 28.8 10 P.M. 30. 33.6 28.8 26.4 38.4 28.8 26.4 11 P.M. 0. 26.4 0. 26.4 24.0 0. 26.4 The following tabulations give the electric current used monthly 1n the City Hall and County Court buildings, for the year 1911. The Municipal Court Building has at present only a small amount of electric usage, which is obtained from the feeders which supply the County Court and is included in its consumption. therefore, 580,208 kilowatt hours for the year 1911. Exectric ConsumMption—1911 The total electric requirements for the four buildings under consideration, is City Hau County Court House Light, Power, Total, Light, Power, Total, K. W. Hours} K. W. Hours} K. W. Hours} K. W. Hours] K. W. Hours] K. W. Hour muary.. 6,867 444 7,311 14,650 1,732 16,382 »bruary . 6,538 399 6,937 14,170 1,380 15,550 arch. . 6,081 368 6,449 13,990 2,120 16,110 oril..... 5,334 261 5,595 13,990 1,693" 15,683 ‘ay. 5,341 188 5,529 12,400 1,191 13,591 mne.. 5,125 126 5,251 13,070 2,600 15,670 Uys Spb ies 8 one Aaaek sighed tcc 4,815 407 -§,222 12,560 1,123 13,683 PLUS ee. does wad 5,139 343 5,482 12,000 412 12,412 ptember..............- 4,976 90 5,066 12,330 1,475 13,805 aOber yo acsicigsg atin wer 5,878 60 5,938 15,050 2,389 17,439 ovember.............- 6,072 10 6,082 14,340 3,161 17,501 ecember.............. 7,500 10 7,510 15,000 3,000 18,000 72,372 185,826 Note—The power consumption in 1911 in the County Court House has increased over that of 1910, b ason of the substitution of two electrically operated elevators, in place of those previously operated by steam iven hydraulic pumps. 460 Steam Requirements: The steam required during the heating months for the City Hall and County Court was obtained from the meter readings covering steam actually purchased from the New York Steam Company and used in these buildings, during the year 1910, and the steam required for the Hall of Records and for the City Court were computed by the usual standard methods, from the exposed surfaces and volume of these buildings. The present supply to the exterior buildings is provided with an indicating steam meter, from which some confirmatory records were obtained. The coal used is a No. 2 buckwheat anthracite of fair quality. The cost is based on contract prices, from which a deduction is made for a less amount of contained heat value than the agreed amount. The average price is $2.60 per ton of 2,000 Ibs. delivered in the bunker. The coal is delivered into bunkers and is taken by a chute into a car which is placed conveniently near the firemen on duty. It is hand fired and combustion is effected by a forced draft from a blower operating on what is known as the automatic balanced draft system. Ashes are raised from the fireroom level on a hydraulic plunger elevator, and removed without direct charge, by the Department of Street Cleaning. Water is provided for the power plant without direct charge by the Department of Water Supply. At the time of observations, four out of the five boilers were under steam. The fuel used in the year preceding the addition to the steam services in the Hall of Records, appears to have been about 2,459 tons, and to have been composed of 1,278 tons of anthracite pea coal costing $4.10 per ton, and of 1,181 tons of buck- wheat No. 1 at $3.40 per ton. The effects of the additional work imposed upon the plant has been to increase the annual consumption to a rate of 5,390 tons. The change in the character of fuel used has made the actual direct increase $4,750.00. But at equal present price of $2.60 per ton the difference would have been, as previously stated, $7,620.00. VARIATION IN STEAM REQUIREMENTS, BY MontTHS, WITH THE CoRRESPONDING VARIATIONS in Recorpep ExtTertor TEMPERATURES AND THE INTERIOR TEMPERATURE MAINTAINED IN THE BUILDINGS City County Work Hall Hall Per Court, Per | Corresponding to City of 1910 Cent. 1910 Cent. Temperature Court Records Differences IAPYs say sch ese wea: 1,329,822 | 19.72 | 3,144,399) 17.8 19. 17.4 | 742,000 | 3,790,000 cuary.............--| 1,285,104 | 19.05 | 2,922,681 | 16.5 19.5 17.3 | 702,000 | 3,590,000 ch..............-..| 1,026,316 | 15.2 2,617,064 | 14.8 12.5 14.2 | 592,000 | 3,030,000 Disseatonter ec arametcune se) 2G2,110) 7.0 1,302,436 7.35 8.0 18.2 | 283,000 | 1,450,000 SDEP ses cnceeomuuasnctes 292,847 4.34 | 1,192,372 6.75 6. 6.4 | 219,000 | 1,120,000 ember..............] 992,940 | 14.72 | 2,475,328] 13.98] 14. 11.5 | 567,000 | 2,900,000 ember..............| 1,847,677 | 19.97 | 4,045,426 | 22.82] 21. 15. 845,000 | 4,325,000 6,746,816 | 100% 117,699,706 | 100% | 100% | 100% [3,950,000 '20,205,000 Total for all four buildings...................... 48,601,522 Ibs. Note—The steam usage in the County Court building in 1910 included steam utilized in the operation of ips for the two hydraulic elevators. The elevators have been changed since the above record was made, lectric operation. No deduction is, however, made herein for the substitution, on the assumption that this m was in great part used during the above months, as exhaust in the heating system. 461 462 ANALYSIS OF SERVICES AND COSTS (a) Existing Conditions Hourly Steam Usage: On Diagram No. 1, are plotted the hourly variations of the daily average steam consumption in each of the seven heating months, and also the exhausted steam of the auxiliaries, of the elevator pumps, and of the electric generating engines, super- imposed on each other, during the hours in which these services are in operation. From this diagram can be determined the amount of exhausted steam which can be utilized in the heating work during each of the seven months of the heating season. It will be seen that the exhausted steam is within the average demand during the three winter months, December, January and February, and partly in March, but during the other three months, part of the exhaust is in excess of requirements for heating, and is therefore discharged to the atmosphere. Between the hours of operation of the plant, all the heating steam is necessarily supplied direct from the boilers, as exhaust is not available. The following tabulation shows (1) the steam required for heating; (2) the exhausted steam available; (3) the exhausted steam utilized in heating; (4) the exhausted steam wasted to the atmosphere, and (5) the live steam required to be _ added for heating purposes. All these are sub-divided into monthly consumptions: Monrtuiy Steam Usaces—BoiLer Horst Power Hours (30 Lbs. of Steam per B. H. P.) Heating Exhaust Exhaust Exhaust Live Steam All Per Cent. Available Utilized Wasted Required Buildings for Heating uary.. 300,200 18.5 86,700 86,700 213,500 ruary. 283,300 17.5 85,600 85,600 | ........ 197,700 BOLD ceviatlcyihte et eae tema 242,100 14.9 93,000 93,000 | ........ 149,100 il... 116,800 7.2 85,300 35,300 50,000 81,500 [er BAeNon HEuare Koco EAN | Soe ektenns d ih orem ture 63,100 SB tiveetea 63,100 sities Bet ieee ioasedaegel| \ veivtewats 63,700 63,700 dn whey wee eA aaa Ss agamnkels 63,100 | ........ 63,100 MBP scccwrsd ePeIR ME agsmeeen. | assseses 63,700 63,700 sember............0-- dingeiech | Saeeeeas 63,100 Seas 63,100 1 Pals Seb ober. . 94,100 5.8 88,500 60,100 28,400 34,000 ‘ember 231,000 14.3 81,700 69,900 11,800 161,100 ember............... 352,100 21.8 86,700 865200) >) aiaeness 265,400 1,619,600 | ........ 924,200 517,300 406,900 1,102,300 Note—Utilized exhaust has been credited with full heat value. In Diagram No. 2 are plotted the results of the foregoing tabulated monthly usages, illustrating the lack of co-ordination between steam and heating requirements. The comparison also shows that during the same day when live steam, over and above exhaust utilized, is required, in the heating system, exhausted steam may necessarily be going to waste. This will be readily undérstood by referring to diagram No. 1 and noting that for the months of April, October and November, the lines showing the steam required for heating, indicate that live steam would be required between 6 P. M. and 6 A. M., but that during the day time, the exhaust steam is greater than what is needed for heating. 463 464 Total Steam, and its Subdivisions: From the foregoing dissection, the total steam raised under existing conditions, is found to be, in B. h. p. hours........ cece cece e cence tee eeeees 2,026,500 Of this amount, the work of heating the buildings forms.............. 79.8% Of the total amount thus raised, there is required in the form of live stéanz inthe heating systems... «cine accwaeeseiecdensxecaeasteneaine bees vineien 54.3% The exhausted steam used in heating is, of the total raised............ 25.5% And the steam exhausted to the atmosphere is, of the total raised...... 20.2% Heating Steam: The work of heating the four buildings is, of the total steam raised.... 79.8% Of the heating work, exhausted steam provides...............0068 aeaexe 31.9% And of the heating work, the generators contribute................004- 18.6% The cost of operation, of the mechanical services, under existing conditions, as of year 1911, is therefore as follows: Esteli 5,89 ONO 1S inca ties nin ere tyetatercia we Abd Parmer aabaheyoeansic ialeco a eearegomsiareaiees apache teres $14,014.00 LEER IN Net Sas rsvcs ec eee ee ares ee elses Yad seus Isa esas ea tte et ee aL et cocaine rece 28,981 .00 Reépairsanid replacements’. cisyuce-avsa siceassswlihs asses eden vt we autslewie 2,220.00 SPP RES! cx. ccacy aratecepitecyf care case thepoeatsnge a Scrat ered acid tae ashe ner Ue ae Anes 1,182.00 Electric Current purchased jcccua.gy socoansreieen nee gedegaedsand scones 7,746.00 SO GAA i pss selene ee leo ane NG ere RA age aE Wa $54,143.00 (b) Extended Electric Generation It has already been stated that the plant of the Hall of Records is considerably over-proportioned for the work of the building in which it is installed. It was natural] that the question of the utilization of part of the over capacity of the boilers should be extended to the supposition that part of the over capacity of generators might be employed upon the production of electric current in substitution for that now purchased for the City Hall, County Court and Municipal Court Buildings. The facts and data secured and hereinbefore presented, afford the opportunity of ascertaining the physical and the economic effects of such an arrangement. The conditions would naturally involve the generation of additional steam for the increased electric output required, which steam would be added to the exhaust available for heating purposes. Some practical difficulties exist in the full accomplishment of this purpose. The electric service in the County Court House now includes two electric elevators for the operation of which the Hall of Records plant is not adapted. The motors of the elevators require current at 220-240 volts, but the plant and battery afford only 110-120 volts. Assuming, however, that the cost of changing the motors should be undertaken, and the fluctuations in the current supply should be overcome by the utilization of the storage battery, all the current might be supplied from the Hall of Records plant. The addition to its output would involve an increased operation of the storage battery on night service, to meet the demands of the additional buildings and the possible use of County Court Elevators. The effect of the addition upon the generators would be to reduce to some extent the load factor, which is now, on the single generator in service, desirably high. The observed load on the 150 k.w. machine is now from 50% to 85% of full load condition. The added load would require over some part of the time, the operation of two larger units. This would somewhat increase the steam consumption per unit of output. The labor force, following the same effects observed in the case of the addition to the work of the steam plant, would be increased by 3 men, i. ¢., an assistant engineer, an oiler and a fireman, and naturally some proportionate addition to upkeep costs would be involved especially as regards the increased demands upon the storage 465 466 battery. These necessary supplies may be proportioned upon the increase as follows: 11% on boilers; 70% on generators and 33% on battery. The utilization of the additional exhausted steam is shown upon Diagram No. 1, in dotted lines above the existing output. It will be observed that the available use comes only wholly within the average demand of the three winter months, and in part within that of the months of March and November. The effect may be readily calculated: The increase in the total output of steam is ...........e cece eee eee 10.8% The increased use made of exhausted steam is, of the heating work.... 7.2% Total steam used in B.h.p. hours ............. 0c cece cece es ec ter eenne 2,271,107 Of this amount, the work of heating buildings forms.................. 69.5% Of the total amount raised, live steam for heating forms...............5 41.25% The exhausted steam used in heating..............0cceeeeeeeeeeeeees 28.25% The steam exhausted to the atmosphere is.............cceeeeeeeeeeeee 30.5% Heating The work of heating the four buildings running as before........ 1,589,800 B.h. p. Or of the total raised® s.< scan ves sos veewse's ee os 5 Rees gee ORNS 69.5% Exhausted steam provides of this amount .............seeeeeeeeeeee 28.25% Generators contribute by exhaust utilized .......... 0... cece eee eee ee 25.8% The total cost of the operation is increased indirectly by the fact that the withdrawal of the electric service from its present combination, with that of the Brooklyn Bridge, would add to the rate of cost for the latter an amount ‘of about, per annutn: seccseu «occa ccemeseer sees tieaee creas eemndex $1,300.00 The additional coal required is 655 tons............ cece cece eee eee ee 1,570.00 The increase to labor force ........0.: cece ccc nescence nee nanees veces 4,015.00 Increase to upkeep costs, estimated .......... cece cece e cece e ne eeee 1,205.00 $8,090.00 This result would not present any direct economy over the present cost of electric service to the exterior buildings which is..................006- $7,746.00 (c) Use of Public Electric Service The determination of the foregoing elements in the combination of services renders it practicable to ascertain the comparative cost of operation of equal service by the adoption of the public service of electricity, the cost of which may be assumed to be that at present paid for the service in the City Hall and other buildings, viz.: three cents per kilowatt hour. The effect of this service would be to render unnecessary the further operation of the generator machinery and appurtenances, and also of the storage battery, ceasing further upkeep charges thereon and reducing the cost of supplies to that required by the steam generating plant. The labor force could be substantially decreased, as the duties of the engineers would be reduced to care of the elevator pumps and minor auxiliary appliances. The fireroom force would also be reducible during the non-heating season. It may be conservatively assumed that the com- position of the reduced force would be as follows: 1 Chief Engineer at $6.00 per diem. 1 Assistant Engineer at $5.00 per diem. 1 Assistant Engineer at $4.50 per diem. 4 Firemen at $3.00 per diem. 2 Assistant Firemen at $3.00 per diem, for heating season only. 1 Electrician at $4.50 per diem. The work of heating the buildings would, of course, be continued, and the removal of the steam exhausted by the generator engines into the system, 467 468 would be met by the same amount of direct steam. The total steam raised would be reduced by the amount at present exhausted to the atmosphere, and the net effect would be to reduce the fuel consumption to a total of 4,808 tons, which, at $2.60 per ton, iS........ cece e cece eee e eee eeenee $12,500.00 Eliminating costs of upkeep and supplies upon the disused apparatus, would reduce those charges to a total Of ....... 0. cece cece eect eee eeeeee $1,213.00 TG: TAGE AVG VES? ic 2. cceccandeiene, chars a iauencainte nideer Sonus WcbySoaubueld suark wah adeveteceis) wvacbraoa $13,322.00 The current to be purchased on exactly same basis as that now generated, inclusive of the service to the exterior buildings as at present is 580,000 k. w. MAES 5 “eS! COTES! 2655 5 ieee ve sestonavel clin Siaaus Gusesaceta sydoooa suc dmuasnausasae. Aes byevineuandeanged oid $17,400.00 $44,435.00 The utilization of the public service of electricity is thus found to offer a very substantial reduction in direct operating expenditures upon the combined services. (d) Use of Public Steam and Electric Services The complete use of the public services would include steam as well as electricity. The former was utilized until last March in the heating work, inclusive of some small amount of steam operated machinery, in the City Hall and County Court Buildings. The service theretofore afforded has been, since that date, somewhat reduced in extent, by rectification of the heating apparatus. On the assumption that the amount used would be the same, and that in addition the steam heat, pumping and auxiliary services of the Hall of Records should be added, the total summer and winter usage from an exterior service would be about 57,690,000 Ibs. which at the wholesale rate of 45 cents per 1,000, would amount to $25,960.00. If this service should be adopted, it would be economical to adopt the system, now in successful operation in a number of buildings, of operating the elevators by electric pumps of the three stage centrifugal type. The cost of current for this service, operated during the summer period of 155 days, would be $1,900, but the use of steam could thereby be substantially reduced to a total of $20,655. The adoption of this combination would eliminate the operation of boilers, with accompaniment of auxiliary pumps, and other heat producing agencies, and would reduce the present work of ventilation of the sub-basement spaces very materially. The current consumption due to the blowers and exhausters amounts to a value in purchased current of $1,854, and this amount would offset the cost of nearly 9% of the purchased steam. The labor, under these conditions, would be reducible to a minimum, as no firemen or coal passers would be required and the attention required under all conditions could be readily afforded by a force composed of four men. 1 Chief Engineer at $6.00 per diem. 1 Assistant Engineer at $4.50 per diem. 1 Oiler at $3.00 per diem. 1 Electrician at $4.50 per diem. Total! s-o20205 emasyc es obo boteme wee eae s MAAS cae eae oaen es $6,569.00 Repairs, replacements and supplies may be estimated conservatively at 765.00 The present use of electricity would be increased by the addition of ele- vator operation in summer, but reduced as above stated by the elimination of much ventilating work now required, so that the net amount may be figured At WHCOSt Of 45 aumar sage wang 1 ho eaed Bee eee bas ona pec eRAamata ees $15,712 00 Adding the cost of the steam services.......... 20... cece cee een eee 20,655.00 “The total. cost: becomes: srusen:s 2.40 egeases ots eae een ee eee eee $43,701.00 This is a relatively slight reduction of cost over the preceding combination, but it must be borne in mind that it has the effect of eliminating the use of boiler plant under the building, and of ceasing the fixed charge for eventual replacement thereon. 469 SUMMARY OF TOTAL AND UNIT COSTS It is not of much service in such enquiries as these to attempt the segregation or apportionment of costs in order to determine a unit cost of steam or of electricity. Any value in such a determination is lost when used merely to provide a comparison with a unit cost or rate of the public supply. The practical and useful question is whether the combined, services are afforded at an outlay so much less than that of purchased services as to secure the City from all present loss, by future contingencies, by reduction of efficiency, and by replacement charges. But in this case, the com- bination of services is evidently costing the City an amount considerably in excess of equal services afforded by purchase from its contractors, and the unit prices of both; the latter are very definable. The manufacture of electricity, with its accompanying circumstances, is evidently the largest item of difference in cost, since its adoption, as in comparison (c), indicates the largest reduction in outlay. Reverting therefore to the original consideration, and summarizing the results, both as to total outlay and segregated costs, we find the following: Services as in the Year 1910 Steam service to exterior buildings................000c cc cee cee ee eeee $10,100.00 Electric service to exterior buildings..............ccccceceec eee eeeeeee 7,746.00 Fuel, labor, repairs, etc., supplies, Hall of Records (exclusive of an item of $2,840.93 for repairs and replacements to plant, probably including cost of new balanced draft apparatus) .......... ccc ec ce cece cece sce eeecuaeeeeues 35,255.00 $53,101.00 (a) The effect of the transfer of the steam service to the Hall of Records has been to raise this total to its present rate of.................. $54,143.00 (b) The transfer of the electric services of exterior buildings, would (with some expenditure on appliances) increase the total cost to....,,.... $55,487.00 (c) The continuation of existing steam generation with purchase of elec- tricity from The New York Edison Company, would reduce the cost to.... $44,435.00 (d) The purchase of all steam, and electricity, with some expenditure on electric pumps for summer operation of elevators, would reduce the cost to. . $43,701.00 These differences in combination afford the means of allotment of costs and their division by the total output in units, as follows: Comparison (b) The City manufacturing all electricity and all steam, pays for the Combination: ss2h yess newwan eyewear seu seenawenss eae maN Acie dais easeacows $55,487.00 (c) Eliminating electric generation, and purchasing electricity at 3 cents reduces: outlay to: sewscanoris's y eeauiwennesaecuseee wad ew imate deains tiene $44,435.00 DTFFER EMG EY ace: reece apieeaa. ev reuse avg ict Baeiat Hi Geisane tener cduen eel vera bode a aoscgcevdue vale $11,052.00 The City is therefore paying for current generated 3 cents per kilowatt hour or 15,712+11,052 which, divided by 580,000 units is.......... 4.6 cents per kilowatt hour. (a) But under existing circumstances, the City is buying 258,000 of the above at 3 cents, so cost of that generated by the plant becomes 15,712— 7,746+9,708, which, divided by the plant output, 322,000—....5.49 cents per kilowatt hour. (c) The cost of generating steam and of purchasing electric supply is. . $44,435.00 (d) The cost of purchased steam and electricity is...............0e eee $43,701.00 DAPERERCE! acta cise e pec Rueh seis waierdentiy aie Aecusemomned Hoaadinutewe a wuen $734.00 The City is therefore paying for steam generated by itself 20,655-+-734 SS ois ctr dl ead eas anne heatpotioteheetin aoe ed ouaateadey ual 46.6 cents per 1,000 kals. 45,900 M All these figures are bare costs, exclusive of any expenditure by the city, through other departments, upon the water supplies and ash removed, and also exclusive of any fixed charges, whatever. 470 EXHIBIT 18 I Reply by Charles G. Armstrong to R. P. Bolton’s report on the Hall of Records power plant, dated April 25, 1912. : II Answer to Mr. Armstrong’s criticism by R. P. Bolton on July 3, 1912. CRITICISM ON REPORT SUBMITTED BY REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON TO BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH, BY CHAS. G. ARMSTRONG, APRIL, 1912 FOREWORD Relative to a report presented to the Bureau of Municipal Research upon the efficacy of the operation of the City Hall, City Court and County Court Buildings by the power plant in the Hall of Records, to accomplish which a tunnel, pipe exten- sions and connections were suggested, designed and put into operation by Mr. Charles G. Armstrong, I beg to submit in brief these items with a more detailed criticism following: P Loss in coal and labor estimated by Mr. Bolton, to be due to the extension of pipe lines and cessation of steam from the New York Steam Heat- ings Company ..cass52seeesowes v4 45 Seqew oe avo RemweE et eas eioede ees $2,307.00 *Actual saving due to the same.............. eee e cence ee eee nee n ee eees $17,303 .00 Report. is itt error abouts «4 swese csc. os eeewan ees ies Bees es ves Seed $19,610.00 *Labor has further been reduced at the Hall of Records but has not been considered herein. It is possible that with this labor item and very reasonable allowances for supplies other than labor and fuel, the saving effected should even exceed $21,374.50, the amount estimated in the Budget Exhibit. REPORT The report upon which this criticism is based, we are informed, was compiled for the New York Edison Company, and presented to the Bureau of Municipal Research. Its purport was to discredit the usefulness of the extension of steam and other lines from the underloaded power plant in the Hall of Records, to the City Court, County Court and City Hall Buildings. As stated in the Foreword, the necessary tunnel and pipe lines were put intu operation in January, 1911, but owing to delay in approving plans and general op- position by the department of water supply, gas and electricity, accurate records of the operation are available at this time of only nine months and the remaining three months’ operation required to complete the year, were estimated, as shown later. Relative to the delay and opposition, by far the greatest difficulties were caused by the electrical extension proposed to eliminate the bills of the New York Edison Company on these buildings. The opposition was so intense that it was necessary to eliminate the electric wires in order to proceed with the work. It is well to mention here, a strange coincident which occurred shortly after con- struction of the tunnel. The New York Edison Company’s electric rates on the buildings in question, were 6.5 per kilowatt hour, and after the tunnel was in operation, the Brooklyn Bridge 471 was discovered to be close at hand, thereby reducing the raté from 6.5c. to 3c. per kilowatt hour. It is possible that still further agitation on this subject may bring about an addi- tional reduction to 1.5c., the rate to which the City is entitled and should have made use of for many years. The Hall of Records now supplies steam, water and hydraulic pressure from its own ample plant, to the three outside buildings, and upon these items, the report of Mr. R. P. Bolton was based. Evidently, with no information other than that presented in the report, the figures and calculations were all compiled from one week’s observation of the opera- tion of the power plant. The week selected was from the 1st to the 7th of December, 1911, and as one can easily remember, was one of a number of abnormally cold weeks during the winter of 1911-1912. As a result, the assumed coal consumption and other figures governed at all by weather conditions were abnormal. As a striking example of this, the coal consump- tion given in Mr. Bolton’s report, was 2,931 tons in excess of that used in former years, whereas, as a matter of fact, the correct excess over the average of former years, was 991 tons as given later in detail. It is obviously impossible to fairly determine the cost of operation for one year by assuming the figures of one week and especially when the week selected, is during an abnormally cold winter. In view of this fact, the figures given in the report can be assumed as hypo- thetical entirely and to show their variance with the actual facts, it is only necessary to show a paralleled comparison between them. Accordingly, the items presented have been examined and are given below in parallel with the facts. The calculations of the report are also rendered inaccurate by many arithmetical errors of amateurish character. 472 Pace 455 or Report litional cost of producing steam for City Hall, City | Actual facts as obtained from monthly report sheets fon Court and Municipal Court Buildings, over and nine months record—corrected for one year by three above costs as of 1910- months assumed figures (*) No. of Ibs. of coal No. of lbs. of coal burned in Hall delivered at Hal! of Records in of Records aver- 1911-1912 age of forme years Fuel— 715,500 ...... June ...... 595,687 424,225 ...... July 363,813 2,931 tons @ $2.60.......... $7,620 706,500 ...... August 615,333 664,500 ...... September...... 597,106 Labor— 699,000 ...... October ...... 1,118,976 865,500 ...... November...... 596,586 Increased......-......0.0005 4,787 945,000 ...... December...... 780,113 1,503,000 ......January...... 684,470 $12,407 1,252,220 ...... February 880,633 865,500 ...... March* 596,586 699,000 ...... April* ...... 596,586 Cost of steam service purchased 664,500 ...... May* ...... 597,106 M1910 5-26. 5.2 eos abwronentens ,000 —__——_ —_— 10,004,445 8,022,995 $2,307 Difference = 10,004,445 8,022,995 2,000) 1,981,450 lbs. *Note— ——. Arithmetical error 991 tons 991 tons @ $2.60.............. $2,576.60 Assuming Mr. Bolton’s Lasor Fiaure to be correct at..................... 4,787.00 Total of...................... $7,363.60 Steam service as per report........... $10,000.00 7,363.60 Increased cost of service as per Mr. ——_—. Bolton’s report................- $2,307 Services actually decreased........... $2,636.40 (Assuming Mr. Bolton’s Lasor Figures) The above figures assume that the increased labor figures given were correct, whereas the labor has actually been decreased by the extension in question, as follows: Brownstone Building County Court Building City Hall Building $4,927.50 4,927 .50 1,825.00 $11,680.00 Assuming the labor increase in the Hall of Records as given by Mr. Bolton, leaves a decrease in Labor increase of $4,787.00. Cost due to the “extension” of $6,893.00 instead of an 473 [r. Bolton’s Labor Increase.......... $4,787 | Actual Labor Decrease..........-- $6,893 CorrecTED ComPARISONS Actual decrease in cost— otal increase in cost as assumed in Coal (increase)............0--008- $2,576.60 Teport........ 0.0.0 cece eee ee ee $2,307.00 Labor (decrease)...........--.++- 6,896.00 Combined (decrease).............. $4,319.40 Coal cost eliminated at City Court BuildingorBrownStoneBuilding. 2,829.61 $7,149.01 Steam service cut off by reason of extension— Actual figures............... 10,154.00 $17,303.01 Or, in other words, the operation of three outside buildings from the plant of the Hall of Records, has effected a decrease, or saving of $17,303.00 per year instead of a loss of $2,307.00 as is assumed in this report. Why Mr. Bolton should choose to ignore the decrease in labor in the three other buildings and the discontinuance of coal supply to the Brown Stone Building as well as to assume coal consumptions when actual figures were available, is inexplicable. The fact only remains, that such was the case and the figures given in the report vary from the actual facts by nearly $20,000 as a result. The further calculations in the report are based upon the steam and electric con- sumption of the various parts of the plant in the Hall of Records. As the period of observation was seven days and no steam meters were used, it is difficult to see how results sufficiently accurate to form the basis of elaborate charts could be obtained. Particularly is this true when the charts presented are assumed to be applicable to seven months out of the year. The basis of assumption is more easily explained by quoting from one portion of the report, and is herewith given as an illustration of the methods pursued throughout. “ Auxiliaries “From tests in other buildings upon the actual steam consumptions of similar minor apparatus, it is found that the steam required for the operation of the auxiliaries, consisting of house pump, feed pump, sump, drip and return pumps would amount to 315 B. H. P. per average winter day and these services would be provided by 240 B. H. P. hours during the summer.” Any conclusions based upon such premises as the above would be open to re- jection for obvious reasons. Still further quoting from the report, is the following: “ Electric Requirements “The electric requirements of the lighting and power services in the Hall of Records were estimated from the hourly ammeter readings covering a period of one week from December first to seventh inclusive, 1911. These readings es- tablish the average demand for a day of this season at 1,357.5 kilowatt hours and show that Sunday and Saturday afternoon usages are respectively 586.8 and 389.4 kilowatt hours. “Taking into consideration the number of working days, Sundays, holidays and Saturdays during the year, an annual electric demand of 366,000 kilowatt hours is found. The ratio of the annual usage to the average of November and December is as 8.33 is to 9.33 by which the actual requirements for this building are found to be 322,000 kilowatt hours per annum.” 474 Any annual report based upon such premises if presented before any body of engineers would be laughed to scorn and therefore beyond pointing out that 8.33 — of 366,000 is not 322,000 but nearer 326,770, the electric figures will not be con- 9.33 sidered. The foregoing facts and extracts are sufficient evidence that the report as an engineering document is absolutely useless and it only remains to indicate some of the errors in simple arithmetic to complete the criticism. As mentioned before: Page 459 Contains sis: nnosenwcaers Yambidaedoa pesne ale “12,407” “ 10,000 ” “ 2,307 ” Corrected! 4esc.ceacaaeay evade paced eS beanies 2,407 As mentioned before, page 12 contains: 8.33 — X 366,000 = 322,000 9.33 Corrected arithmetic gives 8.33 — X 366,000 = 326,770 9.33 Page 14 and page 15 contains 322,000 72,372 185,826 580,208 Corrected arithmetic gives 322,000 72,372 185,826 580,198 The report presents a very impressive appearance which to the layman is un- doubtedly indicative of careful preparation. This, however, is doubtful in view of the above facts and figures. CHARLES G. ARMSTRONG & SON, (Signed) FRANCIS J. ARMSTRONG. 475 Henry Bruere, Esq., July 3rd, 1912. Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City. Dear Mr. Bruere—Referring to your letter of the 6th ultimo, and the memo- randum or criticism by Messrs. Charles G. Armstrong & Son which accompanied same, I now send you a reply to the points of the criticism by which you will see that, upon investigation, I find that the statements of Messrs. Armstrong & Son are not correct, and do not affect the accuracy of the figures and conclusions in my report on the operating conditions in the Hall of Records. You are quite at liberty to send my reply to Messrs. Armstrong & Son. I have handed a copy of the criticism and of my reply, to the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. Yours very truly, THE R. P. BOLTON COMPANY, (Signed) REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON, President. MEMORANDUM IN REPLY TO A CRITICISM BY CHAS. G. ARMSTRONG & SON OF REPORT OF AN INVESTIGATION OF THE OPERATING CONDITIONS IN THE HALL OF RECORDS AND OTHER BUILDINGS BY THE R. P. BOLTON COMPANY June, 1912 The criticism misses the essential features established by the investigation, and labors over details, ignoring the fact that the cost of operation of the services of the Hall of Records, as determined by the actual payments made by the Department of Public Works, is in excess of the cost of the same services when derived from the public systems of steam and electricity. Answering the report seriatim, we have to say: Page 470—Paragraph 1 The sources of information of the writers of the criticism have led them into error, both as to the compilation and presentation of the report. Paragraph 2 The purpose of the investigation was to ascertain the correctness or otherwise of the claims which have been made as to the economic conditions resulting from the supply of steam from the Hall of Records building to the contiguous city buildings. Paragraph 3 The writers of the criticism ignore the duties laid by the Charter upon officials of the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, in regard to their super- vision of the cost of generating or purchasing electricity, and the criticism fails to express any appreciation of the excellent public work accomplished by the Department in buildings in which its authority has been exercised in ceasing the waste of the City’s money by the prevailing conditions of excessive labor and other elements, such as were found to exist upon investigation in the Hall of Records. ' Paragraphs 4 and 5 The alleged delay and opposition on the part of the Department to the unneces- sary expense involved in the provision of electrical connections between the exterior City buildings and the Hall of Records, are shown upon the investigation to have 476 been fully justified. The writers of the criticism appear to be suffering under some personal feeling, in their expressions with reference to this matter. Paragraphs 6 and 7 The report speaks for itself; the information secured, and the deductions derived therefrom are clearly stated. The writers of the criticism appear to have little information as to climatic conditions, as the week of December Ist to 7th, of 1911, was not an abnormally cold week, the average temperature being 36 degrees. Page 471—Paragraph 1 The deductions in the report, derived from weather conditions, were neither abnormal, nor incorrect, as alleged in this paragraph. Paragraph 2 The assumption in this paragraph is also baseless. Paragraph 3 So far from figures given in the report being hypothetical or at variance with the actual facts, they are confirmed by the figures of the fuel burned during the three months from December 1911 to March 1912, which are afforded in the criticism. Paragraph 4 Refers, in the criticism, to arithmetical errors, which will be found, on examina- tion of the first copy of the report, to be non-existent. Page 472 The criticism presents, as a basis for the comparison of fuel consumption in the Hall of Records, prior to the supply of steam to the exterior buildings from that plant, an average of the fuel “delivered at the Hall of Records average of former years,” three months of which period is noted as an estimate. Such figures are, of course, worthless, and have little bearing upon the situation existing just prior to the change which was made. The actual coal used, as given in the report, was pro- cured from the Department of Public Works and was complete up to the end of the month of October, 1911, just prior to the commencement of the investigation. The estimated consumption for the succeeding period of three months, inclusive of the supply of steam to the exterior buildings, was 1,923 tons. The accuracy of this esti- mate is now confirmed by the figures afforded in the criticism as to the coal “burned in the Hall of Records during the months of November, December, January and February” which, with the addition of the equivalent of steam purchased during the same period for high pressure service in the County Court Building, or 40.3 tons, is within 50 tons of the amount so estimated—a very striking confirmation of the accuracy of the methods employed. The comparisons on page 3, therefore, fail to effect the results given in the report. Page 472 The alleged decrease in cost of labor, for which the writers of the criticism desire to claim credit, towards the cost of steam generation in the Hall of Records, will be found on examination to be entirely baseless. The decrease of the labor in the three exterior buildings, the amount of which is stated in the criticism to be $11,680, had nothing to do with the cessation of the steam service of the New York Steam Com- pany. The change of steam service was merely one of direction, so that it is quite evident that the men priorly employed were unnecessary in any case and their removal has no bearing upon the comparative cost of steam service. Moreover, some of the men have been transferred to other city buildings, where their services are still paid by the city, and others were men in no way connected with the operation of the steam plant, and whose services were, in any case, either supernumerary or temporary. . 477 Page 473—Paragraph 1 The above remarks are sufficient demonstration that the discharged labor in the exterior buildings was not effected by reason of the change of the source of supply of steam. Paragraph 2, etc. The period of observation of the operation of the plant in the Hall of Records was sufficient for the purpose, and the information secured was ample for the results presented. The re-assertion in the criticism of alleged economies resulting from the change of the supply of steam in the exterior buildings is a repetition of very similar asser- tions advanced in the draft report prepared by the Bureau of Municipal Research, and is as untrustworthy and unreliable as it was in its original form. The value of the report as a whole has already been demonstrated by results. Not only have more economical methods of operation of the plant been set on foot, but a complete test has been arranged of the operating conditions, over a period of twelve months, which it is expected will shortly be commenced. 478 EXHIBIT 19 Report on conditions observed during the conduct of a test on a steam generating plant in the police headquarters building on January 19, 1912, made to the Bureau of Municipal Research by Charles EK. Lucke, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University. Mr. Henry Bruere, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research. Dear Sir—In accordance with your instruction J made a visit to the steam generating plant in the basement of the new police headquarters building on the morn- ing of January 19th, 1912. The object of the visit was to observe the conduct of the test being conducted at that time under the direction of R. P. Bolton. It was found that coal, being fired to two out of the three boilers, the third being dead, was previously weighed; that water supposedly entering these boilers was being weighed; that quantity measurements were also being made of the heating system return water, of the steam used by the boiler fed and drip return pumps, of the steam supplied to the water heater for house service and to two Westinghouse air com- pressors operating the sewage system. Apparently the object of the test under way was to determine the efficiency of the boiler as measured by the ratio of the heat taken up by the boiler water and to the heat supplied in coal, and in addition to determine the heat required by radiators, by water heater and sewage air pumps, and to express these requirements in terms of coal and water needed per hour. The steam engines and electric generators forming part of this installation were not in service and in all cases were more or less dismantled, apparently undergoing repairs of injuries they had suffered through disuse. There appeared to be a lack of positiveness of method in the making of the various determinations and some of these are specifically noted below. 1. The boiler blow-off connections were not blanked or otherwise treated to insure that water was not leaking out, which water had, of course, been previously measured as supplied to boilers and charged to evaporation. By placing the hand on the connections it appeared that some such leakage was taking place because the blow-off pipe near the dead boiler was cold whereas all the rest of it was too hot to bear the hand. This is presumptive evidence of leakage of hot water passing the cocks of the active boilers. It is only fair, however, to note that as these blow-offs discharge into a tank which also receives steam drips, there is a possibility that the heated condition of the pipe may be due to the backing! up of these drips. This, however, is not likely because if the blow-off cocks were tight the pipe immediately adjacent would be a dead end and would have an opportunity to cool off, whereas active leakage through the cocks would keep it always hot, and that is the condition in which it was found. 2. The boiler fireman appears to be a very inefficient individual and as I observed the fires I was advised by the man in charge of the test, whose name I believe is Thomas, that no directions were being given to the firemen as to efficient firing, an explanation not asked for and indicating a consciousness on his part that an explana- tion was due. It may, therefore, be assumed that even if all conditions of measure- ment are satisfactorily accurate that the boiler capacity and efficiency to be obtained from this test would be very much lower than could be obtained by proper firing. I have never seen boiler fires in such bad condition during any boiler test with which I have been associated directly or indirectly and should judge that the efficiency could scarcely be over 45% as against a possible 65% and the capacity little more for the two than one boiler should develop. 479 3. There is no assurance by reason of the method of measurement that all water which was weighed as boiler feed water actually reached the boilers, or that all water that did reach the boilers was really evaporated. Nor is there any assurance that some water was not weighed more than once and even then failed to reach the boilers. These uncertainties are partly due to carelessness in weighing water and partly to failure to take proper precautions before starting the test, such as the breaking off or blanking of connections between pipelines that are and are not being used, and having valves between them that may be tight or may be leaking, no one knows which. This sort of failure is, in my opinion, a serious oversight of the same kind as that connected with the boiler blow-offs. No boiler test can be relied upon unless assur- ance is absolute that all water weighed gets into the boiler in question and no other water, and that all water that gets into the boiler really evaporates into steam and does not leak away or otherwise escape as water. The boiler feed line connections are interconnected with many branches, but there is no reason why cross connections with valves should not have been opened and blanked. There are two pumps in the boiler room: both intended normally as boiler feeds but during the test one was used to deliver heating system returns to a weighing device before it entered the other pumps which delivered it to the boiler. But this return water is also piped to the other pump which is actually feeding the boiler, so that some of this hot water from the drip returns might be flowing directly to the boiler feed pump without being measured if the valve in its suction line, which is supposed to be shut, is not shut or leaks. This hot return water from the south pump, supposedly representing all the drip returns and therefore the steam consumption of the heating system was delivered into two common oil barrels on scales where it is weighed by alternately filling and emptying. These barrels discharge the water to two tubs made of parts of oil barrels each about half a barrel, which pair of tubs is constantly connected with the suction to the second or boiler feed pump proper. When one barrel is full its contents are weighed, discharged into the tubs and picked up by the boiler feed pump. Then the barrel itself is weighed, the difference being the weight of water pumped into the boilers. Now, as a matter of fact, these two tubs cannot hold a full barrel without exposing the suction pipe of the feed pump after which air will be sucked in. Furthermore, the rate at which water is taken away from the tubs must be regulated by hand control of the pump steam valve, so that the man manipu- lating the valves supplying water to and discharging it from the weighing barrels was found also manipulating the valve of the steam pump some distance behind him. As a consequence he made mistakes. There was evidence that one of the weighing barrels had over-flowed and so far as we know this may have happened many times. Tt was also actually observed that the water in the tubs was drawn down below the suction level and air was drawn through the pump which could be recorded as water on the water meter in the pump discharge line. It was also observed that in one case water was entering a barrel while its discharge valve into the tub was open so that water passed through for a time without being weighed. It appears, therefore, that this water measurement can hardly be recorded as accurate, and it is quite sure that there is no certainty that even if it were accurate that it represents correctly either the radiator returns or the amount fed to the boiler. It was intended to represent the returns and as there was a constant loss in the system there was added, to make up, some cold water led to the same weighing barrels and used when needed. The sum of the weights of returns and cold make-up water is supposed to represent the amount fed to the boilers and assumed equal to the evaporation. The boiler feed pump, the quantity of water supplied to which has been more or less correctly weighed, discharges it through a Worthington meter set in a by-pass, but if the valve in the line leaks some water wil! not be measured by the meter. All feed pump discharge water then passes to a feed line header having three connections; each having a valve that may leak and each of which should have been broken off and blanked to make absolutely sure no measured water fails to reach the boiler; (a) to the other pump; (b) to an injector boiler feed; (c) to the dead boiler. 480 4. To determine the amount of heat taken up by the water in the boiler it is necessary to know not only the weight of water supplied, but also its temperature, the boiler pressure and the quality of the steam made, that is to say, the moisture con- tained or superheat that may characterize it after precautions have been. taken to prevent leaks. It was observed that the water supply temperature was taken in the weighing barrels after which it passed through the open tubs, through the feed pump, water meter and around the fireroom through the feed piping before reaching the boiler, whereas the temperature should have been taken at the boiler. It was observed, furthermore, that the pressure gages on the boiler did not agree by variable amounts from five to eight pounds, so that either one or both of these gages were incorrect. No attempt was being made to determine the moisture in the steam, which is another oversight, because the heat of evaporating water is very large indeed in proportion to the heat necessary to raise it to the boiling point and therefore a comparatively small amount of moisture in the steam may be responsible for a considerable error in determining the heat absorbed. / 5. In regard to the steam used by the heating system, there is no assurance that the method of measurement employed is not subject to errors both positive and nega- tive. That is to say, assuming that all water collected in the drip return tank was correctly weighed, this does not necessarily represent the steam used by the heating system. And if it did, it would not give a correct value to the heat consumed by the system since no knowledge is available of the heat supplied to the radiators per pound of steam. In this connection it might be noted that the conditions of operation were materially different from normal where wet, engine exhaust steam is supplied, whereas to-day live steam was supplied through a pressure reducing valve which would have a tendency to superheat it. Therefore the heat content per pound of steam supplied during the test is sure to be greater than for engine exhaust steam. Even the weight of steam used is not necessarily correctly found by weighing the returns because of possible losses and gains of water or steam. In the first place the back pressure valve leading to the roof exhaust may leak, such valves usually do and so steam supplied can get away as steam and not give up its heat and not be weighed with the rest condensed below. That such a leak exists was reported by one of the men engaged on the test who pointed out a pool of water on the floor which he said had come from that source, he having just made a trip to the roof to inspect the exhaust head. Even if the back pressure valve were tight the weight of return water does not necessarily represent the correct weight of steam used in the radiators unless positive proof be available that none escaped into the sewer or elsewhere through connections difficult to locate and which should all have been carefully broken and blanked. In some plants such tracing of possible escapes is practically impossible because of the location of the pipes in walls and floors. There is also another possibility that might be noted and that is the influx of water into drip return tanks from other sources than the radiators. We have no knowledge either for or against such a flow. The possi- bility should be noted, and any report pretending to give correctly the weight of steam used in the radiators must contain specific assurance and proof that such a thing could not exist. Even if all the factors entering into the heat consumed by radiators were correctly known it is a serious question whether the cooling influences acting on the radiators that are responsible for this heat are representative of any average or special condition of weather, openings of windows, number and temperature or rooms heated. To determine all these things is physically impossible, therefore very little weight could be placed on such a test in arriving at a judgment of the needs of the building to be operated throughout a term of years. 6. Three different items of steam consumption other than the heating system itself were measured by means of three St. John steam meters, (a) the steam supply for the two pumps, (b) the steam supply to the Westinghouse air compressors for the sewage operation and (c) the steam supply for making hot water. These meters are not in themselves accurate measurers of weights of steam. They operate by the forcing of a tapered plug from a tapered seat by the flow of steam. The left of the 481 plug is multiplied by mechanism ending in a pencil which marks across a moving sheet of paper. The displacement of the pencil at the moment of marking from its position of no flow has to be translated into pounds of steam flowing per hour. This can only be done by calibration which consists in passing steam through the meter, sufficient in amount to cause its pencil to take the same position which it had during the test and then weighing the steam in a regular surface condenser. Furthermore, since the meter measures volume rather than weight, it is most important indeed that the condition of the steam as to moisture content, and pressure be identical for the period of calibra- tion and the period of use. This meter is really a volume meter, but no one knows when it is working whether it is recording the volume of low pressure or of high pressure steam or just hot water. It was observed in this connection that in no case was the pressure of the steam at the meter taken nor was the quality or moisture determined. In the case of the meter used for the boiler feed pumps the needle swung back and forth across three-fourths the width of the sheet of paper constantly so that the determination of the weight of steam used in any period of time, from the position of the needle, at each successive instant, which indicates a momentary right of flow, will be practically impossible even though the correct calibration was secured. In conclusion, it is my opinion that the greatest possible caution should be used in interpreting figures from this test:—First, as to what the test itself really has determined, if anything, and secondly, the significance of this determination in the operation of the plant. Very truly yours, (Signed) CHARLES E. LUCKE. January 23, 1912. 482 EXHIBIT 20 I Letter from the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity to the Bureau of Municipal Research, criticising Pro- fessor Lucke’s report on the test at Police Headquarters. II Reply to the above criticisms by the Bureau of Municipal Research. City of New York, Feb. 2, 1912. Mr. Henry BruerE, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, New York City: My Dear Mr. Bruere—Your favor of January 24th, enclosing report of Professor Charles E. Lucke, received. Fearing that Professor Lucke might be laboring under some delusion I submitted the matter to our electrical engineers and I enclose you copy of their reply. Yours truly, (Signed) HENRY S. THOMPSON, Commissioner. February 1, 1912. Hon, Henry S. THompson, Commissioner: Dear Sir—I attach herewith reply to the criticism of Prof. Lucke, for the Bureau of Municipal Research, on a test of the steam operation of the appliances now in use in Police Headquarters. This test was made by the R. P. Bolton Company, under Mr. Bolton’s direction, on our order. Mr. Bolton and his company are quite able to defend themselves and no comment is necessary from me on his report. I need only remark that the results we require are what it costs the City to furnish the power and heating required under the conditions that now exist and have existed in the past. These conditions will further exist in the future unless the City changes its methods. The ultimate report in this matter is whether, under present conditions, it will pay the City to operate this plant, or not. It is being operated without technical supervision. That Prof. Lucke entirely misunderstood what was the object of Mr. Bolton’s test is clear. As he seems to have been drawn into the matter under misinformation as to what we were doing, his report may be disre- garded as not relevant to the issue. It is fair to point out, though, that when he touches on the present operation, he seems to agree with us as to its inefficiency. The Bureau of Municipal Research is open to severe criticism as to their methods. Taking advantage of your invitation to be present at the test, from their misappre- hension of its purpose they are in the position of having furnished you a hurried report, not based on the facts. Neither they nor their representative made the slight- est attempt to find out what Mr. Bolton was doing, or what he was asked to do, although Prof. Lucke met Mr. Bolton at Police Headquarters during the test. With- out making any effort, therefore, to establish the correct premises in the matter, they sent you a report designed to discredit Mr. Bolton’s report, before it was made, and 483 before all the conditions were established. They assumed he was testing for one thing, when the test was being made to establish another. The anxiety existing somewhere in the Research Bureau to discredit the investi- gation was so great that they could not even wait to ascertain what was being deter- mined. Under such a spur it was quite to be expected that they would also report to the Police Commissioner before a reply could get back from Mr. Bolton and, by doing so, they may have seriously affected the conditions we are testing. This is neither ordinary departmental nor professional courtesy, or even common sense; it is fairly open to the assumption that it was dictated by a blind effort to support unproved opinions by doubtful methods, without even knowing what the opinion was that they were to attack. Such action is not inspired by any effort to help the City with this problem, nor can it be termed in any way “Research” work; it is just the reverse. Very truly yours, (Signed) C. F. LACOMBE, Chief Engineer of Light and Power. II February 5, 1912. Hon. Henry S. TuHompson, Commissioner, Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, Park Row Bldg., New York City: Dear CoMMISSIONER THompson—I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of February 2nd, enclosing a statement made to you by C. F. Lacombe. The points of this statement seem to be: 1. That we did not understand what Mr. Bolton was doing. 2. That had we understood, we should not have made the criticism. 3. That we acted improperly in submitting Prof. Lucke’s report to you. With respect to the first point, permit me to recall to you the first paragraph of your letter of January 17th, received the day before the test was to be held at Police Headquarters. It was as follows: : “According to my promise, I would state that we expect to begin the steam test at Police Headquarters on Thursday, January 18th, so that in case you wish to, you may be present at the test.” Paragraph 2 begins: “J might say that after the steam end is tested,” etc. You will recall that on several occasions we discussed the desirability of making a test to settle this controverted question, and that, as your letter indicates, the test was to be made, in a measure, co-operatively. I last talked with you on this matter a month or six weeks before the test was begun. Then, no definite time was set and no definite arrangements were made. The purpose of the undertaking, as we discussed it, was to determine from the test at the police building, or at some other building, what the cost is of generating electricity in an isolated plant. No other purpose was ever expressed by you or by me, and I have no doubt that no other purpose was ever intended. Certainly, it would not be a test of the cost of generating electricity to show how badly kept the police building plant is at this time, when the generating plant is idle and it is under no technical supervision. Bad conditions can be corrected, and in some branches of your department have been corrected. What would you have thought of an argument to close down the pumping stations because they were inefficiently man- aged? What we are concerned about is not merely conditions of operation, but the comparative cost of generating electricity in an isolated plant and in buying it from the Edison Company. This is the only point that you and I ever discussed. 484 In view of these circumstances, I suppose you could not have read Mr. Lacombe’s scurrilous statement before sending it to me. I am not concerned with what Mr. Lacombe says was the intention of the test. I got that from your letter of the 17th ult. Prof. Lucke went to the Police Department after reading your letter advising me of the proposed test, and was requested by me to represent the Bureau in observing the conditions under which the steam test was made. He observed them and truth- fully reported them and in a manner which, I have no doubt, is not to Mr. Lacombe’s or Mr. Bolton’s liking. Mr. Lacombe’s innuendoes and abusive remarks are so con- temptible that I shall not reply to them. They speak eloquently of the frame of mind in which this important scientific investigation is being approached by the “Chief Engineer of Light and Power.” Merely in summary, let me say that the memorandum was sent to you out of courtesy as the employer of Mr. Bolton. We are not concerned with anything except the facts in the situation, as you must know. To get the facts’ it is necessary to have a test competently and properly conducted. Prof. Lucke was requested to observe whether the conditions underlying the test, and the manner of its conduct, were proper and competent. His memorandum speaks for itself. When Mr. Lacombe says that Prof. Lucke’s memorandum was designed to discredit Mr. Bolton’s report, he says what is untrue. It was designed to state the facts and if Mr. Lacombe knows any- thing about the conditions prevailing at the plant (Prof. Lucke would probably agree), was in course, he knows that Prof. Lucke’s memorandum is correct. Mr. Bolton has advised us that he is to proceed with the “test” to-morrow, and that he would be pleased to have Prof. Lucke present. Unfortunately, Prof. Lucke cannot be present, at that time, because of other engagements, nor can he be this week until Thursday afternoon. If you still wish us to keep in touch with this test (or whatever it may be), will you be good enough to arrange to postpone it for some time when we can make an engagement with our expert? I assure you that we have not the slightest feeling in this matter, except of amaze- ment at the obvious perturbation of the Chief Engineer of Light and Power. As to that we have no “delusions.” With high personal regards, I am, Sincerely yours, (Signed) WILLIAM H. ALLEN, Director. 485 EXHIBIT 21 Letter to the Bureau of Municipal Research giving Pro- fessor Charles EK. Lucke’s comments on the status of the Bureau’s study of municipally-owned electric light and heating plants in which he states his opinion that no case has been established and suggests the gathering of direct evidence on the cost of operating municipal stations. New York, Feb. 7, 1912. Mr. HENRY BRUERE, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: Dear Sir—A few days ago I returned to you the report of your Bureau on municipally owned electric light and heating plants after having read it with great interest. It is my opinion that an impartial judge of the arguments presented pro and con must inevitably be led to the conclusion that no case has been established. In other words, it does not appear that any evidence in the document proves the contention that it is wise or unwise to operate the electric plants in the conditions there discussed. It seems to me that the matter has been attacked from the wrong end and that before attempting to settle before the public the question of policy with respect to this point, either the operation of old ones or the installation of new ones, it is proper to put into force a suitable accounting and inspection system to establish the facts on oper- ating cost and conditions. It is very curious that so elaborate a discussion should have grown up without direct evidence of cost in the municipal stations, but even this is not so wonderful as the total absence of records and suitable inspection under com- petent management for the stations that are in existence. My advice to you and your bureau would be to drop the present line as inconclusive, likely to win the Bureau few friends and to stir up unpleasant criticism, and to devote all energies to the estab- lishment of proper records in stations, proper supervision and management. After this has been under way for sometime no one will have any doubt as to whether it is wise or unwise to operate because the figures will speak for themselves. Without this kind of direct evidence the case is not quite hopeless, to be sure, but there is no cer- tainty of success. Yours very truly, (Signed) CHARLES E. LUCKE, 486 EXHIBIT 22 Two letters from the Bureau of Municipal Research which indicate that the study of the lighting of public buildings has come to a point where it is necessary to have a definite and authoritative determination of the facts by means of a properly conducted test. July 8, 1912. Mr. Cuartes G. ARMSTRONG, Singer Building, 149 Broadway, City: My Drar Mr. Armstronc—Mr. Bolton replies intimating that he has knocked your criticism of his report into a “cocked hat.” I do not believe it would be profitable to carry this controversy past a rejoinder but I shall be glad to have from you a memorandum of Mr. Bolton’s statements. Will you please return to me any papers on this matter which belong to our files? Sincerely yours, (Signed) WILLIAM H. ALLEN, Director. July 9, 1912. Mr. Witttam R. Parrerson, New York City: My Dear Mr. Patrerson—Sometime ago I called attention to a report made by Mr. Reginald P. Bolton on the Hall of Records lighting plant and to Mr. Armstrong’s criticism of this report. Mr. Bolton has now replied to Mr. Armstrong’s criticism. It seems to me highly important that there should be an authoritative determination of the facts in controversy, all of which relate to the approaching test of the Hall of Records plant. Can you take this up pretty soon? We shall supply you with such other documents relating to this matter as we have in our files. Sincerely yours, (Signed) WILLIAM H. ALLEN, Director. 487 EXHIBIT 23 Memorandum of a conference on February 1, 1912, at which Mr. Arthur Williams of the Edison Company proposed a three- cornered test of the independent lighting plant in the Museum of Natural History; the Bureau of Municipal Research and the Museum of Natural History to determine the conditions of the test and to be responsible for its supervision and the Edison Company to abide by the results. Memorandum for Mr. Bruére 1. Asa result of the dinner conference last night, Feb. Ist, at Miss Morgan’s, Mr. Arthur Williams, for the Edison Company, proposed a three-cornered test of the in- dependent lighting plant in the Museum of Natural History, the Bureau and President Osborn of the Museum to determine the conditions of the test and to be responsible for its supervision, the Edison Company to abide by the results. 2. Mr. Reginald P. Bolton telephoned this afternoon that it is proposed to con- tinue the test at Police Headquarters Tuesday morning next at ten o’clock, and sug- gests that Professor Lucke confer with him Monday afternoon to receive reports of tests already made and to work over plans for Tuesday. 3. Mr. Bolton says that Mr. Williams has asked him to represent the Edison Company in the Museum of Natural History tests. W.H.Allen February 2, 1912 488 EXHIBIT 24 Letter from the Bureau of Municipal Research to ‘Mr. Arthur Williams of the New York Edison Co., formally accept- ing the proposition that a three-cornered co-operative study of the lighting at the Museum of Natural History be made, the Museum of Natural History, the Edison Company and the Bureau of Municipal Research being the three parties to the same, with the understanding that the Edison Company should defray the expenses of the test and set forth the purposes of the same. February 3, 1912. Mr. ArTHUR WILLIAMS, The New York Edison Company, 155 Duane Street, New York City: Dear Mr. WittramMs—lIn behalf of the Bureau of Municipal Research permit me to accept formally the proposition made by you verbally Thursday night, February 1st, after conference at Miss Morgan’s home: 1. That a “three-corner” co-operative study of the cost of lighting at the Museum of Natural History be made by (a) President Osborn, acting for the Museum of Natural History, (b) yourself acting for the Edison Company, directly or through a representative, (c), the representatives of the Bureau of Municipal Research. : 2. That the Museum of Natural History and the Bureau of Municipal Re- search may work through such agents regularly employed or especially engaged as they wish to represent them in this test. 3. That an agreement having been reached by the three parties to the study as to conditions and methods of the test, you (and by implication the Museum of Natural History and the Bureau of Municipal Research), will abide by the results. 4. That the Edison Company will defray the expense of this test. It is understood by us that the purpose of this test is to work out both a scientific method of studying the cost of lighting by so-called independent or isolated plants and to secure for this particular institution facts as to lighting cost upon which there can be no further disagreement by any of the three parties to the test. Immediately upon hearing from you we shall arrange for our part in this test. If I have correctly stated your proposition or if it should be modified, will you please inform me? I am sending a copy of this to President Osborn. May I add a personal word of pleasure at meeting you and for circumstances which permitted discussion of one or two other matters of public interest in addition to a review of the Bureau’s particular investigation in which we both have been in- terested for sometime? Sincerely yours, (Signed) WILLIAM H. ALLEN, Director. 489 EXHIBIT 25 Reply from Mr. Arthur Williams of the New York Edison Company to the Bureau of Municipal Research, February 8, 1912, officially verifying his proposal and stating that his company had retained R. P. Bolton as their representative. February 8, 1912. Dr. Wittram H. Atten, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: Dear Dr. Atten—Your favor of the 3rd instant outlines correctly our general understanding concerning the proposed test of the steam and electrical plant at the American Museum of Natural History. A test conducted under these conditions will be of great value, we believe, in assisting to reach a solution of the questions to which your Bureau has been giving so much recent attention—particularly in buildings of this type. Our understanding is that the test is to determine: (1) The cost of operating the existing plant for the supply of light, heat and power—and (2) The prospective cost of electric service obtained from an outside source. In other words, would it be cheaper to operate the boilers only for heat- ing, purchasing electric current from an outside source; or would it be cheaper to continue the operation of the entire plant, as at present? Having this in mind, permit me to offer the following suggestions as a basis of the proposed test: (1) First, that the cost of the light, heat and power service required by the building be accurately determined for the year 1911; that the result shall be made up of two parts: (a) The direct expenditures of the year for labor, fuel, repairs, supplies, etc., and (b) The amount of the so-called “fixed costs” incidental to the invest- ment required for the installation or construction of the plant. To reach this item I presume there will be no difficulty in ascertaining the investment in the plant. (2) The estimated cost of heating the building from the boilers now on the premises, and obtaining a sufficient supply of electric current for all purposes from an outside source, comparing the result with the actual expenditures of 1911 for corresponding purposes. It is quite possible that, to improve upon the present economies and to. secure the most efficient method of obtaining service from an outside source,-some changes may be required in the present equipment. In this event it is; of course, understood that the final and comparative result shall make due allowance for any expenditure or investment necessary to “modernize” the plant or installation. The cost of making this test is to be borne by this Company. In accordance with our conversation, we have retained Mr. R. P. Bolton. It occurs to me to ask whether you would care to have another engineer also retained, on your behalf, to be associated with Mr. Bolton in the conduct of the test. The result of such an ar- rangement might be beneficial in eliminating, step by step, as the test progresses, the possibility of any differences arising afterwards through which the results might be held in question. 490 Permit me to take this occasion to express our appreciation for the opportunity which presents itself, as a result of our most interesting conference of some evenings ago, to obtain statistics and general information of this important nature in connection with a plant so efficiently maintained as is this one under the control of President Osborn of the American Museum of Natural History. In this city few, if any, private plants are so ably conducted. Believe me, Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Inspector. P. S. I am sending a copy of this letter to President Osborn. 491 EXHIBIT 26 I Letter from President Osborn of the Museum of Natural History on February 3, 1912, to the Bureau of Municipal Re- search objecting to full publicity of all elements of the proposed test on the power plant of the Museum. II A Bureau memorandum to Mr. Bruere which suggests the necessity of obtaining a substitute plant for that of the Museum of Natural History on account of President Osborn’s objection to full publicity. III Letter from the Bureau to President Osborn stating that the Bureau believes it wiser to use another city building for the purpose of the test because of the desirability of providing full information regarding the cost of the current generated. February 5, 1912. Dear Director ALLEN: Your courteous letter of February 3, with enclosure addressed to Mr. Williams of the Edison Company, has been received and I take pleasure in replying as follows: In clause “3” you state “That an agreement having been reached by the three parties to the study as to conditions and methods of the test, you (and by implication the Museum of Natural History and the Bureau of Municipal Research) will abide by the results.” I presume you mean to say that the institutions concerned will accept the figures: naturally, we would not bind ourselves to abide by the results. Conversation and inquiry since February 1 have convinced me that taking into account the large amount of work incidental to the care of the entire plant of the American Museum of Natural History, together with the extremely economic and practical manner in which the plant is administered, we are producing our own elec- tricity at a much lower figure than the Edison Company can afford to sell it to us. However, I do not wish to prejudge the case, but to state that our books, figures and carefully kept records are at your disposal for such investigation as the Bureau of Municipal Research desires to make. There is only a word to add, and that is a very important one, the investigation must be made very quietly and judiciously and by extremely discreet persons. We are paying much lower salaries throughout than other Departments of the City, because our employees are entirely independent of political influence. I therefore make it a condi- tion that while the net results of the investigation may be made public, the salaries paid to our men and the hours of labor shall not be published. Otherwise, I know that it will cause trouble with labor leaders and with some of our friends on the Board of Aldermen, who, at present, are kindly disposed towards us. Our men are entirely 492 contented and we have a very large waiting list, the reason being that we take care of the men when ill and otherwise show consideration for their welfare, besides guar- anteeing them permanent service for meritorious work. Believe me, Very truly yours, (Signed) HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, President. Mr. Witt1am H. ALLEN, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City. Feb. 19, 1912. Pror. Henry FarirFIELD Oszorn, American Museum of Natural History, New York City: My Dear Pror. Osporn—We are arranging for the test of the isolated lighting plant, as per the offer made by Mr. Williams of the Edison Company at the conference the other night with Miss Morgan, which you attended. Your letter of February Sth, explaining the inadvisability of making public certain facts regarding the Museum, suggested to us that it might be wiser to use another city building for the purpose of the test, because of the desirability of providing full information regarding the cost of the current generator. Our interest in this whole question arose from the suggestion made to us that the City Hall Park buildings might be lighted by the plant in the Hall of Records, a course obstructed by the water department. Mr. Williams and his representative Mr. Bolton agree to the use of the Hall of Records’ plant for the purpose of the test, which will make the results of immediate practical value. I understand that Mr. Williams is prepared to go forward with the Natural History Museum test if you desire to have it done. Perhaps it would be wise to conduct both tests for compara- tive data. At all events, I hope that you will concur in our conclusion to begin with the Hall of Records on the ground that all data relating to the test will subsequently be called for and should be available for general discussion. We shall be pleased to keep you informed of the progress of the test. We are planning to engage Prof. Carpenter of Cornell and Prof. Lucke of Columbia as the experts to represent the Bureau. Very truly yours, (Signed) WILLIAM H. ALLEN, Director. 493 EXHIBIT 27 ' Letter to Hon. George McAneny, President of the Borough of Manhattan, from the Bureau of Municipal Research on Feb- ruary 19, 1912, calling his attention to the study of isolated light- ing plants and asking his approval of the proposed plan for a test of the Hall of Records power plant, and setting forth the plan. Feb. 19, 1912. Hon. Greorce McAneny, President, Borough of Manhattan, City Hall, New York City: Dear Mr. McAneny: You will recall our study of isolated lighting plants. We have for a year been attempting to get satisfactory data to show whether or not it is economical to generate electricity in connection with the heating system. The question first presented itself to us in connection with the extension of the lighting service to the City Hall Park buildings. We have spent a good deal of time and money in getting information, but we are now advised by a number of experts, and are ourselves convinced, that no satisfactory conclusion can be reached without making an actual test. President Osborn of the Natural History Museum has offered that building for the purpose of a test. He does not wish, however, to have all the data regarding the test made public. For this reason it seems unwise to base our case upon a test with such limitations placed upon it. Moreover, the Hall of Records’ plant is the one in which we are primarily inter- ested, and we have therefore asked Mr. Williams whether the Edison Company will agree to use the Hall of Records’ plant in place of the Natural History Museum building, and he agrees. The plan is to connect the Hall of Records with dynamos with the City Hall Park buildings, to employ expert engineers to supervise the test and experts to conduct it. The Edison Company will pay the entire expense. We propose to employ Prof. Carpenter of Cornell and Prof. Lucke of Columbia as consultants, and Prof. Diederich of Cornell to conduct the test with a couple of students to assist him. You should be represented in the test, and perhaps you might employ Prof. Carpenter as a consultant, or perhaps Mr. Armstrong could represent you. The test should be made during the continuance of the cold weather. Will you therefore let me know as soon as may be whether you will agree to the use of the building? We are very anxious to settle the matter once and for all, as, no doubt, you are. Sincerely yours, (Signed) WILLIAM H. ALLEN, Director. 494 EXHIBIT 28 Memorandum of the first two conferences between the repre- sentatives of the various interests in the test on the Hall of Records plant. MEMORANDUM ON THE PROPOSED TEST OF THE HALL OF RECORDS On March 1, 1912, as per arrangement with Mr. Arthur Williams, a conference was held in my office between the following persons: Charles E. Lucke, professor at Columbia University; Herman Diederichs, professor mechanical engineering, Cornell University; Reginald P. Bolton, consulting engineer, representing Mr. Williams; E. P. Goodrich, consulting engineer, representing Mr. McAneny; and Mr. Tweedy of the Edison Company. The result of the conference was that Messrs. Lucke and Diederichs maintained that a two weeks’ test of the Hall of Records plant would not be of value in showing the cost of generating electricity, but that the plant should be put on an efficiency basis as Mr. Goodrich plans to do, recording devices installed and a continuous record maintained throughout a year. They also propose that monthly tests, unannounced, be made to determine the accuracy of recording devices and conformance of engineers to prescribed methods and the presence or absence of any condition vitiating the accuracy of the record. Mr. Bolton seemed to be very much disappointed over the result and urged that a test be held, stating, however, that he would report to Mr. Williams. Mr. Goodrich was strongly in favor of the position taken by Professor Lucke and Professor Diede- richs. Later in the day Mr. Bolton called up and said Mr. Williams would like to have a conference with the engineers. Accordingly one was arranged for Saturday at luncheon. At the second conference all persons present at the meeting in my office were present with Mr. Williams in addition. Mr. Williams thoroughly approved the pro- posal as likely to give a more satisfactory result, was extremely liberal in his position in regard to his having the plant put on a more efficient basis before the test was made, stating that he did not wish to have the Edison Company give any handicaps in the test. He requested that the engineers confer as to the probable cost of con- ducting the test throughout the year in order that he might have an estimate to submit for approval to his board of directors. He thought it very likely that approval would be obtained because he said he regarded the proposed test of exceptional value to the company inasmuch as the city, the Bureau of Municipal Research and representatives of the two leading schools in mechanical engineering would be concerned with it. Mr. Goodrich stated that he would recommend to the borough president to purchase the heating and lighting service for the Hall of Records and the City Hall Park buildings as well if the test showed the present operation to be less economical. On Saturday afternoon Messrs. Lucke, Goodrich, Bolton and Tweedy visited the Hall of Records to make a preliminary inspection. We shall receive an estimate from them sometime in the course of the week. March 5, 1912. Tue New York Epison Company, 55 Duane Street, New York. 495 EXHIBIT 29 Letter from Mr. Arthur Williams of the New York Edison Company to the Bureau of Municipal Research on April 4, 1912, in which he specifically states that his company has authorized an expenditure of $10,000 in connection with the Hall of Records test. April 4, 1912. Henry Bruerg, Esq., Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, City: Dear Mr. Brutre—Permit me to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 3rd instant. Your understanding in reference to the Hall of Records is entirely cor- rect. Would you not prefer to pay Prof. Lucke’s bill, and send a bill to this Company for a like amount? Or, if you wish, we will send a check directly to him. Please also send me a bill for Prof. Carpenter’s services. Our Company has authorized an expenditure of $10,000 for experts’ fees in connec- tion with the Hall of Records test. Do you not think it would be well to have a conference with Borough President McAneny before all the details are finally con- cluded? Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Inspector. Appendix “B” INCLUDES EXHIBIT REFERRED TO IN SECTION 3 OF THE TEXT 498 EXHIBIT 30 Tentative plan for a test to determine the cost of generating electricity in operating the heating and lighting plants in the hall of records, borough of Manhattan. April 13, 1912. Conditions 1. The period of observation to be one year. 2. It is to be conducted under the supervision of a committee of engineers repre- senting the following parties: President of the Borough of Manhattan. New York Edison Company. Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. Bureau of Municipal Research. 3. The cost of obtaining expert services up to the amount of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) is to be borne by the New York Edison Company. 4. The president of the Borough of Manhattan is to install the necessary apparatus for metering and recording the quantities of steam, water and other factors involved in the operation of the plant. Such special apparatus as may be necessary for test purposes to be provided by the New York Edison Company or the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. 5. Immediate supervision of the plant during the test period is to remain in the hands of the consulting engineer of the Borough of Manhattan, who will assign a special assistant for this purpose. Monthly or oftener the borough consulting engineer will transmit to the other members of the committee of engineers reports, in agreed form, giving the results of operation in the preceding month. 6. Observers are to be employed for the period of one year, representing the New York Edison Company and the Bureau of Municipal Research, to be stationed at the plant night and day throughout the period of the test. These observers are to be under the supervision of Prof. Diederichs, to whom they will report. 7. From time to time, and not less than three times during the year, nor more than six, a twenty-four hour unannounced test is to be made by the engineers repre: senting the parties above named, in order to determine the accuracy of the recording devices and the general conditions of operation. For this purpose special assistants are to be employed. 8. The location and type of recording devices are to be determined in conference by the representatives of the parties above named, on the basis of an examination of the plant by Messrs. Goodrich, Bolton, Lucke and Diederichs. _ 9. For the purpose of the test the plant of the hall of records will supply steam and electricity to the city hall, brownstone building and county court-house, the cost of necessary connections being borne by the City. 10. At the conclusion of the test, the operating data obtained are to be submitted to a group of accountants representing the President of the Borough of Manhattan, the New York Edison Company and the Bureau of Municipal Research, to ascertain the money cost of generating electricity during the test period. In advance of beginning the test, it is suggested that a statement be prepared for publication setting forth the conditions and purposes of the test, and that this state- ment be issued by the President of the Borough of Manhattan. Appendix “C” INCLUDES EXHIBITS REFERRED TO IN SECTION 7 OF THE TEXT 500 EXHIBIT 31 Forms used in recording and reporting the direct test obser- vations: Form A—Coal and Ash Log. Form B—Water Meter Record and Miscellaneous Obser- vations. Form C—Electrical and Steam Log. Form D—Daily Time Report for Employees. es HALL OF RECORDS--City of New York au POWER PLANT TEST wrpmaunees we weer ens = COAL LOG ondition of Boilers, Fires, ete. No | weight | a 3 4 Nors.—Use following #ymbols: X a=boller in service ; O boiler banked ; —=boiler out of service. COAL GUNKER DATA Bonxen A ‘Banker filled aad locked ‘Banker opened for uss ‘Weight, Yard ‘Weight, Surveyed. ‘Weight, by. scales Kind of coal Borner B ash Loa Can Gross Can Gross Time So | wagm | Teme |. No | weigue | Time Can Gross ‘ Gross No. | Weight} Time No. | Weight | Time No. a : <= HALL O Safe POWER — City oF New ork PLANT TEST tee ee Form 8 100 OF WATER METER READINGS Weight beerver: Meter No. Recort ftemp| Record |Temp.| Record {Temp| Record [remp. 1 nl 4 4 1 . OETAILED RECORD WATER METER No.__.___-._-____ Time | Record | Temp. | ‘Time | Record | Temp. Time Record Temp. Time Record | Temp. Time On Live Steam Ou Exh Steam Time | Record | Temp. | Time | Record | Temp. | Time Record Temp. On Blow-off On Filter LOG OF VENTURI METER Dial Read. Temp. LOG OF WILCOX METER LOG OF CO, RECO! IRDER, DRAFT, FLUE TEMP. %& CO, Dnft, inches Ploe Gemp. Boilers in Use LOG OF ELEVATOR TRAVEL RECORDER (read once s day) Elevator bo. Record, Miles Ash Elevator No. of Trips 502 Siguature of Obeervers ie HALL OF RECORDS--City of New York T Seep Reset ana eee it POWER PLANT TES Formac LOG OF ELECTRICAL READINGS al K-W-Hours w = Seis ee Amps Y Kwa Foun nan DAILY TIME REPORT THE CITY OF N@ew YORK mE Pian t hereby certify that the following record ot services performed by me this day {a correct: Namo. we 7 ] Titte of Position or t For DB 2D: Civit Seryioe Title Dats. 491 ee aw ou. HOURS ON DUTY HOURS ABSENT Kwu ( ‘eevED OEPARTED ‘ABRIVED CaranTeD (MORED ‘MOT ASHGNED ‘eORED OT EXCUMEE lor 4 — DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION OF WORK £70 | Hours } amoum a Ainp> K-W-H Court Awp KWH amps K-W-H \ | Power Amps ee Amps FOR FURTHER PARTICULARS GEE REVERSE GIDE ware | ES PRESIDENT, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Exemined.end Approved S| oxi Bureau or ONigion a ‘oe-e7-is Gh) Ima Kwa Pans Amps we ry ie eee ights Amps arts MOTES OW AUTOGRAPHIC RECORDS Meter Not ; ’ a @ 3 x5 : AY p? 2 7 < x 4) G j .s yp? een fF oh i ey a’ o*+ af p : or “ : ra of wi * s a 7“ " fe ston A Meter ‘hermometer remeure Gage 503 EXHIBIT 82 Forms for recording computations and recapitulations of data secured from reports and records of direct observations made during the test. Form E—Recapitulation sheet for Labor, Repairs and Sup- plies. Form F—Water records and allied computations. Form G—Steam quantities. Form H—Miscellaneous computation. _feeujSug eoweysew i peaouddy RE ee —"""§ *18OD UBYZ 40430 SOLJddNE jo 3809 [e208 [pms eanncewnns mannan g ysog pue uondyosed 1 eBueys jeydes ‘syuewaaoidwy) pue suonppy pone ies aBseyo Bugessdg ‘suyedey (e301 got O wylbr OY text a9 po’ (9 ay a “eo suom 39 uoRdUDseg Te a SSCA 2h Oe eae ~ -4apsQ yew UedO Aq sueday *) zie & x -€ esis) a wher ae ic Sad ps -4¢ t40 97 © -« (1) ry aby yom jo uondusseg ee ). rthn ey ads tee e i wv) Z 7s “Ysog 12}01 * pr 7: $ $ revere | 8 e 07 $ soqe] ~ penbs Xq sureday Gop 4 cyl, b seer 4 pork 9g am SAP 814} POLOAT]}Op 10M Galjddns Zujymojjos SUL a 24809 ueYy 42430 seyddns a f oh Dy Letcf aoeo Deccan? eget roe iu z SL Be ee vas : Se 40g eT TTY “TERIOR 99 cn br bo’ bo" PS) Po"? bor pe f 5 yoqe7 weld ‘EOL , s i ; : ; 5 OD )y a OS'S ae sua10ge4 / orb Lely levy bow WoW Keine Lo wy bos/-a/sp-z pps ore a Le ZF Coe Z O04 Dh “ " : 7 a wo. FE susio ¢* ps} / as | / Lee ma JA 2 OS. Sa sueauiBuq yore € ‘ is we ST seeuBua Buysiwredns MN ep sad 00'9$ @ sanoH—- 7 seouBuy jay t20qe7 QURIS “aiff0 ‘pue uorspuedns ' {ROL ' Spe SR eereet s90uj8u3 es oy Pts a =e uewsjy8nesg £40qe9 05159 Fg Os Parrapregiaye™ aad —-~ 79 a7 8 ® dE “yaaulSuy je Uey.IW 2 Uojs}edng ‘sunoy $ | sunoy $ jsanoy $ | sunoy $ | sanoy $ | sunoH $ [suRoH $ | sanoq $ | smo $ | sunoq Pe 11 OF 6 3 z 9 s v = z t Q nS ~ & S g SLNNOIIV IVNGIAIGNI OL MOLAR IES . Pl ees x 0 “agave € 7 AGES & er RY P YS woo NVHL UaHLO SanadnS GNV sulvaaa ‘Yoav eres ont a a S WN ST gP &ny AS3L LNVid YaMOd YO, MON 40 A}19D---SGHOOTY JO TIVH 5 e/Like Gey ‘ 505 HALL OF RECORDS--City of New York nm POWER PLANT TEST Form F- DATE: Vo ccwcccash ss, —-—to RESULTS OF WATER METER READINGS RECORD Wt of | Cervecteq és Ditterance | Temp. | Weterpor | eter Me ot eater sean Bigiaitag cas cu Ft. °c care | constant i ews Cu Fe Co, Fe | —— form G HALL OF RECORDS--City of New York POWER PLANT TEST RESULTS FROM STEAM METER RECORDS / DATE: PAIDNIGNT...--.._--— ----— ------ ----—---. to MIDNIGHT......_....----- ye SP NII : i 12-206 es 10 1¢@-12 Totals, 24 Mears Pay Z wit ELT E. Ae Aig. 2 Mel "of tat ore 3 az crreere iz: 5 zg = esate iiliiiiigilae ta! RECORD OF WATER METER 13 (Hoaoe Heater) WE STEAM EXHAUST STERSa TIME Gecerd ort. | Tomp. Mee Motcr | Corrected Biront eit. | Temp. ae Meter Currected Beginning End Cure | °C Lbs, | Const. Wolght, Lbs. a find lene] %¢ Lbs. | Const, ‘Weight, Lbs, { eee, Het ears | “ 5 Le “ wow ee I | | ; Totai—24 hexzs Total—25 Hours BOILER AND FILTER BLCW-DOWN LOSSES (Wator Meter 4) re TER SLOWDOWN FILTER BLOW-DOWN 7 THE Record cit. | Temp. ee Meter | Corrected Record pitt. | Temp. eee Ketar Correctnd Beginning | End Cort | °C | ths, | Const | Weight, Lbs. ||Seginning) End | cure} cc | aug | Const. | Weight, Lbs. | | i Total—24 Hours Tote!—23 Hours VENTURI METER RECORD Dist Reading Differecco—Lbs. cat in 24 Baws Gran Ordiaate Equvatort Meter Correctod We of water | Tomp. rls. End—tbs. Aroa—Sq_Inchos leckos Ube per tour | Constant we ls per lacr) in? Hews | ee” WILCOX METER RECORD { Covnter Reading Wo. of Temp. Wt of Total Weight Trips °C Lott Charge (24 Boars olng End Ue | HALL UF MNEVUNYO--vITy OT NeW TOrK POWER PLANT TEST DATE: MIDNIGHT_.__._______. — to Forn H RESULTS OF SWI , ELEVATOR ETc. ‘otal Power jenerator No. 1 seneratar No. 2 jenerator No. 3 3enerator No. 4 ‘otal from Generators ‘o City Court ‘a. County Court ‘o City Hall ‘qGeneral Power ‘o Ventilating Fans ‘o Cellar Lights, N.E ‘vCallar Lights, S.E. ‘oStorage Battery ‘rom Storage Battery ‘oBooster RECORD, KW. Mean 1... Kw. Constant aw. for Period fean Voltage Aaximum Amps. Aintmum Amps. ELEVATOR RECORDS tecord, Beginning «End Hiff-Milgs tn 24 hours vonstant ‘orrected Miles in 24 hours ASH ELEVATOR AND SEWAGE EJECTORS ‘ounter, Beginning ¢ End lo, of Trips ~ Wah Elevater ‘Shone Ejectors REC. PRESSURE GAGE, C 0, RECORDS, ETc. WEATHER OBSERVATIONS toa Boller Pressure: lean Pressure Difference, Roof Stack fean CO, Percentage lean Flue Temperature fean Feed Water Temp aa. Temp, Humidity % Tome. of Coal for the 24 hrs., Lbs, fteot Ash as sent out, Lba, er Cent. of Water In Ash let Weight of Ash COAL AND ASH TOTALS Barometer Ot nem meeees comers wennesonee— inches Hg. Olrection ef Wind. ed Ae, Wied Veleclty, les 009 NOE an eee enemer onenn emwee 507 EXHIBIT 33 Tests of Elevator Pumps Special tests were made on elevator pumps Nos. 1 and 2 in order to determine the water horse power hours developed in five minute periods and the corresponding steam consumption under various rates of operation. Tests were made on each pump while operating alone and the two while operating together. A stroke counter on each pump was read and the steam chart marked at the end of each five minute period during the tests, while a recording gauge was used to determine the water pressure developed. The results of these tests are given in the following tables and curves. Results of the tests on pump No. 1 operating alone and on Nos. 1 and 2 operating together have been determined for both five and thirty minute periods, the curves being plotted for the latter. Results for pump No. 2 are for five minute periods only as the duration of the test was less than one and a half hours. The total car mileage during the test of pump No. 1 was 1.61 with a steam consump- tion of 2,013 Ibs., which is equal to 1,250 Ibs. per car mile. The car mileage during the test of pump No. 2 operating alone was not determined. During the combined tests of No. 2 alone and of Nos. 1 and 2 together, the car mileage was 59.17. The steam con- sumption for this period was 28,639 lbs., which is equal to 485 Ibs. per car mile. The high consumption figure for the tests on No. 1 pump alone is undoubtedly due to the low rate of operation. For the combined test, 485 Ibs. per car mile is a very good figure. It should be remembered, however, that one of these pumps had in the meantime been fitted with Boyd valves and that the percentage distribution correction (about 4.5%), which appeared necessary on the year’s tests, has’ not been made in this case. The test on pump No. 1 was started at 5:30 p. m., Dec. 15, after the rush was over and No. 2 could be shut down. The first curve sheet shows that the steam con- sumption per water horse power hour varies between 58 and 127 Ibs., depending upon the rate of operation. The average horse power output, based upon half hour ob- servations, varies between 6.9 and 21.08 H. P.; based upon five minute periods the average output is as high as 27.5 H. P. The test on No. 2 pump was begun at 7:05 a. m., Dec. 16, and was continued until pump No. 1 had also to be put into operation. The early morning load is apparently somewhat heavier than the night load, the average horse power output for five minute periods varying from 13.9 to 32.8. The steam consumption per horse hour power varies from 38.6 to 94.0 lbs., the results being rather scattering as the second curve sheet shows. The test on both pumps started at 8:20 a. m., Dec. 16, and continued to 5:30 p.m. The five minute periods show a maximum average horse power output of 96.1, the half hour periods showing a maximum of 84.4 H. P. The variation of steam consumption for the two pumps operating together was between 43 and 60 lbs. per horse power, see third curve sheet. It was noticed during the test on the two pumps that the rate of operation appeared at times very high, and it was thought advisable to get some of these high rates. The last table shows the, results. The water pressure during these high rates fell to 125 lbs. per sq. inch and the last column shows the results, assuming this to be the pressure against which the pumps are discharging. The maximum horse power during a few seconds of operation went as high as 171.3. The elevator pumps are of the same size: Direct acting, duplex, compound type; steam cylinders 16” and 25” in diameter, water cylinders 12” diameter, stroke 15”. The stroke in actual practice is less than the above. It was measured on the tests and found to be an average of 14.89”. The horse power was computed by determining total piston load and the total piston travel during a given time. 508 Test oF ELevator Pump No. 1 Dec. 15, 5:30 P. M. Results of Five Minute Periods Number of Water H.P. Hours, Steam, Steam Average } Minute Period Strokes Pressure, 5 Minute 5 Minute per HP. (Counter) Pounds Period Period H.P. Hour Output 55 151 2.290 129.0 50 151 2.082 135.6 42 151 1.750 THORO” |! cescevnc.cu! ol) aetaeas 40 151 1.665 LOGO. i} aetacagae ‘ll edeton'eny 26 151 1.083 68.4 40 151 1.665 98:0 TP) aouasiae |) scant aus 29 151 1.208 81.6 44 151 1.833 LOLS | Wanaee es 25 151 1.041 BAO | atataattded |! -exneneeaents 22 151 917 S40 | Mewaedigess Pf -akemuleuas 21 151 875 S822. | | ee aegs 22 151 .917 98.0 | weagsaes 31 151 1.291 88.2 14 151 583 88.2 M1 151 458 65.1 11 151 458 70.0 14 151 583 63-6: |) eens gas 21 151 875 98.6 11 151 458 60.4 11 151 458 70.0 ll 151 458 81.2 11 151 458 46.6 16 151 .658 77.0 23 151 .959 SE 26 | see ays Results of Half Hour Periods 6 inclusive......... 253 151 10.54 612 58.1 21.08 [2 inclusive......... 163 151 6.79 505 74.4 13.58 (8 inclusive......... 102 151 4.25 457 107.5 8.50 24 inclusive......... 83 151 3.45 439 127.2 6.90 Test or ELevator Pump No. 2 Dec. 16, 7:05 A. M. Results of Five Minute Periods Number of Water H. P. Hours,} Steam, Steam Average ) Minute Period Strokes Pressure, 5 Minute 5 Minute per H.P. (Counter) Pounds Period Period H.P. Hour Output 58 151 2.520 97.4 38.6 80.2 48 151 2.080 70.6 33.9 24.9 32 151 1.390 94.3 65.8 16.7 37 151 1.605 101.7 63.4 19.2 ip 31 151 1.345 97.8 72.7 16.2 - oi GDM ||) sachets 123.8 hts ise y 28 151 1.215 87.2 71.8 14.6 27 151 1.170 110.4 94.0 13.9 28 151 1.215 87.2 71.8 14.6 37 151 1.605 87.2 54.6 19.3 HERE De Gah GH RESEE 48 151 2.08 115.5 55.3 25.0 37 151 1.605 123.8 77.2 19.3 62 151 2.690 141.0 52.5 32.3 41 151 1.780 114.0 64.0 21.4 ionamule me aati mene 61 151 2.650 126.0 47.8 31.8 509 510 Test or ELevator Pumps Nos. 1 anp 2 Dec. 16, 8:30 A. M. Results of 5 Minute Periods Number of Strokes (Counter) H. P. Hours Steam, Total ute Water 5 Minute H.P. od | Pressure No. 1 No. 2 No. 1 No. 2 Period Hours 5 144 2 36 oe 1.56 159 1.56 7 144 29 23 1.16 .95 159 2.11 3 144 51 40 2.04 1.66 179 3.70 ) 144 63 51 2.51 2.11 254 4.62 ) 144 63 56 2.51 2.32 250 4.83 1 144 67 55 2.67 2.28 227 4.95 2 144 74, 60 2.95 2.48 231 5.43 3 144 84 71 3.35 2.94 276 6.29 4 144 69 69 2.75 2.86 254 5.61 5 144 76 65 3.03 2.69 254 5.72 5 144 88 76 3.52 3.14 278 6.66 7 144 62 60 2.47 2.48 218 4.95 3 144 80 73 3.19 3.02 297 6.21 9 144 90 68 3.59 2.81 278 6.40 0 144 84 83 3.35 3.44 265 6.79 1 144 44 93 1.75 3.85 221 5.60 2 144 67 86 2.67 3.56 267 6.23 3 144 62 94 2.47 3.89 288 6.36 4 144 62 97 2.47 4.01 261 6.48 5 144 57 93 2.27 3.85 322 6.12 6 144 60 88 2.39 3.64 278 6.03 7 144 61 91 2.43 3.77 261 6.20 8 144 61 99 2.43 4.09 301 6.52 9 144 67 100 2.67 4.14 335 6.81 0 144 54 91 2.16 3.77 305 5.93 1 144 50 84 1.99 3.48 237 5.47 2 144 52 87 2.07 3.60 263 5.67 3 144 56 89 2.23 3.68 261 5.91 4 144 53 79 2.11 3.27 242 5.38 5 144 59 88 2.36 3.64 269 6.00 6 144 52 93 2.07 2.85 254 4.92 7 144 68 90 2.71 3.73 263 6.44 8 144 57 85 2.27 3.52 273 5.79 9 144 61 82 2.43 3.40 269 5.83 0 144 53 88 2.11 3.64 263 5.75 1 144 47 86 1.87 3.56 237 5.43 2 144 50 74, 2.00 3.06 240 5.06 3 144 47 72 1.87 2.98 335 4.85 4 144 55 77 2.19 3.19 416 5.38 5 144 54 74 2.15 3.06 212 5.21 6 144 57 73 2.27 3.02 252 5.29 7 144 45 71 1.79 2.94 220 4.73 8 144 39 66 1.55 2.73 229 4.28 9 144 43 69 1.71 2.86 221 4.57 0 144 62 92 2.47 3.81 271 6.28 id 144 72 84 2.87 3.48 310 6.35 i2 144 58 92 2.31 3.81 278 6.12 3 144 45 79 1.79 3.27 239 5.06 i4 144 48 70 1.91 2.90 229 4.81 ib 144 45 68 1.79 2.82 233 4.61 i6 144 46 73 1.83 3.02 231 4.85 i7 144 49 91 1.96 3.77 295 5.73 8 144 62 86 2.47 3.56 233 6.03 9 144 46 88 1.83 3.64 263 5.47 0 144 72 91 2.87 3.77 295 6.64 511 512 Number of Strokes (Counter) H. P. Hours Steam, Total oute Water 5 Minute H.P iod Pressure No. 1 No. 2 No. 1 No. 2 Period Hours 1 144 61 96 2.43 3.97 318 6.40 2 144 65 92 2.59 3.81 255 6.60 3 144 68 96 2.71 3.98 233 6.69 4 144 39 91 1.55 3.77 295 5.32 5 144 59 92 2.35 3.81 235 6.16 6 144 50 94 2.00 3.89 255 5.89 7 144 48 76 1.91 3.15 259 5.06 8 144 56 84 2.23 3.48 229 5.71 9 144 59 85 2.35 3.52 278 5.87 0 144 63 93 2.51 3.85 272 6.36 1 144 66 88 2.63 3.64 288 6.27 2 144 63 90 2.51 3.73 293 6.24 3 144 59 102 2.35 4.22 265 6.57 4 144 58 101 2.31 4.18 301 6.49 5 144 65 94 2.59 3.89 278 6.48 6 144 55 91 2.20 3.77 267 5.98 7 144 65 93 2.59 3.85 301 6.44 8 144 60 86 2.39 3.56 293 5.95 9 144 63 87 2.52 3.60 278 6.15 0 144 49 77 1.95 3.19 237 5.14 1 144 68 88 2.71 3.67 293 6.38 2 144 67 85 2.67 3.52 282 6.19 3 144 60 87 2.40 3.60 273 6.00 4 144 45 92 1.80 3.81 278 5.61 5 144 53 69 2.12 2.86 307 4.98 6 144 59 80 2.36 3.31 286 5.67 < 144 53 92 2.12 3.81 371 5.93 8 144 63 97 2.52 4.02 252 6.54 9 144 62 77 2.47 3.19 288 5.66 0 144 66 80 2.63 3.31 288 5.94 1 144 67 83 2.68 3.44 293 6.12 2 144 48 86 1.91 3.56 299 5.47 3 144 - 57 96 2.28 3.98 272 6.26 4 144 56 89 2.23 3.68 291 5.91 5 144 70 122 2.79 5.05 244 7.87 6 144 62 105 2.47 4.35 322 6.82 7 144 90 107 3.59 4.43 235 8.02 8 144 67 113 2.67 4.68 318 7.35 9 144 61 79 2.43 3.27 271 5.70 0 144 41 60 1.63 2.48 221 4.11 1 144 34 62 1.36 2.57 203 3.93 2 144 42 63 1.67 2.61 220 4.28 3 144 27 56 1.08 2.32 152 3.40 4 144 25 51 1.00 2.11 1387 3.11 5 144 34 56 1.36 2.32 186 3.68 6 144 35 58 1.40 2.40 194 3.80 7 144 35 65 1.40 2.69 212 4.09 8 144 28 59 1.12 2.44 178 3.56 9 144 38 61 1.51 2.53 222 4.04 0 144 30 56 1.19 Dao 205 3.51 1 144 32 55 1.28 2.28 233 2.56 2 144 24 50 .98 2.07 185 8.05 3 144 32 53 1.28 2.19 163 3.47 4 144 25 49 1.00 2.03 153 3.03 5 144 17 44 .68 1.82 119 2.48 513 514 Test oF ELevator Pumps Nos, 1 anp 2 Results of %-hour Periods inute Periods Pounds Steam Average Periods Steam H.P. Hours per H.P. Hour H.P. Output 19-24 1,490 31.73 44.2 63.5 25-30 1,595 36.73 43.4 73.4 31-36 1,629 36.82 44.5 73.6 37-42 1,752 36.60 47.8 73.2 43-48 1,652 34.44 45.4 68.8 49-54 1,505 32.30 46.6 64.6 55-60 1,445 30.36 47.6 60.7 61-66 1,513 31.80 47.6 63.6 67-72 1,697 36.87 46.1 73.7 73-78 1,537 34.83 44.1 69.7 79-84 1,658 37.80 43.8 75.6 85-90 1,650 36.14 45.7 72.3 91-96 1,668 34.83 47.9 69.7 97-102 1,684 35.66 47.3 71.3 103-108 1,838 42.23 43.5 84.4 109-114 1,163 24.53 47.4 49.1 115-120 1,167 22.68 51.5 45.3 121-125 883 14.59 60.5 35.0 Maximum Loap Tests Dec. 16, 1913 ELevator Pump No. 1 No. of Strokes Strokes H.P. 144 Pounds | H.P. 125 Pounds Time (Counter) Seconds per Minute Pressure Pressure | i. M. :25-26 5 8 37.5 95.9 85.6 27-28 9 14 38.6 98.8 88.2 29-30 7 10 42.0 107.3 93.1 ELevator Pumps Nos. 1 anp 2 i. M. :06-07 8.00 9 53.3 136.3 121.3 50-51 6.33 6 63.3 162.0 144.5 oa 9.00 7.5 72.0 184.3 164.2 :101 10.00 10.0 60.0 153.5 137.0 03-04 6.5 6.5 60.0 153.5 136.5 03-04 6.0 5.0 72.0 184.3 164.5 :49-50 7.5 6.0 75.0 192.0 171.3 515 EXHIBIT 34 Tests on Auxiliary Pumps AuxiLiary Pump TEsts Special tests were made on No. 1 feed pump, clean and foul drip pumps and the blower engine. A steam meter, old No. 4, was installed to record the steam used by the feed pump alone, which thus makes it possible to obtain the steam used by the re- maining auxiliaries. Four daily runs were made to determine the steam consumption of the feed pump, and in addition half-hour tests were made with only one auxiliary pump in operation besides the feed pump, to obtain the steam consumption of that particular auxiliary pump. The results of these tests are given in the following tables: Auxiliary Pump TEsts Feed Pump | Total pica | Percentage Water Steam to Steam to Steam to Date by dusitiavies Feed Pump Auxiliaries Feed Pump to Venturi Meter Meter except Total Steam No. 14 No. 4 Feed Pump to Auxiliaries ember 17-18............ 264,300 22,780 8,420 14,360 37.0 ember 19-20............ 276,800 22,620 7,420 15,200 32.8 rember 20-21............ 244,300 30,610 9,020 (a) 21,590 29.4 ember.........-.- er (209,000) (26,230) 7,730 (b) 18,500 zs vember 21-22............ 268,500 25,050 9,070 15,980 36.2 (a) 28-hour test. (b) Reduction of (a) to 24-hour basis. Four Drip Pump Date, Dec. 18, 6:10 p. m. to 6:40 p. m. Time, 30 min. Steam to feed pump and foul drip pump, by Meter No. 14.............. 291 Ibs. Steam to feed pump, by Meter No. 4.......... cece cece sce e eter eeeeeee 148 “ Steant ‘to. foul drip; pumpeaccessgs ois sweeerys sues peewee Vets see 143. “ Foul drip: puniped sous iccs.c5 diemetarc tea ty meee eos es beeen see toe ec Keee 35.6 cu. ft. This is equivalent to a steam consumption of 6,860 Ibs. per day when pumping 1,700 cu. ft. of water per day. This is a rate of pumping somewhat less than the average, which is estimated at about 2,000 cu. ft. per day. CLEAN Drie PuMP Date, Dec. 18, 6:40 to 7:10 p. m. Time, 30 min. Steam to feed pump and clean drip pump, by Meter No. 14.............. 248 Ibs. Steam to feed pump, by Meter No. 4.........0 cece eer eee e cnet eee eeeees 138“ Steam to clean drip pUMpP......... eee c cece cece ence eee n eee ence eenees 110 “ Clean drip pumped........ cece cece eee c teen ence eens nent ence reeeenneenenes 9.8 cu. ft. This corresponds to 5,280 Ibs. of steam when pumping 370 cu. ft., which is about ' the average per day. Brower ENGINE Date, Dec. 18, 7:20 to 7:50 p. m. Time, 30 min. Steam to feed pump and blower engine, by Meter No. 14......... bette e ees 250 Ibs. Steam to feed pump, by Meter No. 4.......-.eeeeeee eee cece ee eeee sarin I29 “ Steam to blower engine............cceceeeeeeeeenee idee’ 3s AeA AS tee ORERE 121 “ This is equivalent to 5,800 lbs. of steam for 24 hours. I do not believe that these figures are of any particular use, except for the relation between the steam to the feed pump and that used by all of the boiler auxiliaries combined. The table shows that the feed pump steam consumption is approximately 34% of the total to these auxiliaries. 516 EXHIBIT 35 House Pump Tests Dec. 20, 1913 Another special test was made on the house service pump to determine the water horse power hours developed and the steam consumption. These were obtained by means of a stroke counter and pressure gauge in connection with the steam meter in use throughout the main test. The test was made for a period of twenty-four hours and in addition a series of readings at fifteen minute intervals were taken for several hours during the day. A total of 12,270 cu. ft. of water was pumped against an average pressure of 81 lbs. per sq. in. The steam consumption during the day was 18,340 lbs., which is equal to 229 Ibs. per water horse power. The readings and results’ are given in the table following. The somewhat lower steam consumption per water horse power hour for the fifteen minute periods is probably due to the fact that these tests were made during the day while the pump is operating at a greater load than the average for the twenty-four hours. The house pump tested was of the direct-acting duplex type, with water cylinders 6” in diameter and an average stroke of 10”. The horse power was computed the same as for the elevator pumps. House Pump Test Number of Water Average Water Steam Steam per Time Strokes Pumped Pressure, | H.P. Hours Used W.H.P. Hr., Interval (Counter) | Cubic Feet Pounds Pounds Pounds 8. 31,254 12,270 81 80.1 18,340 229.0 GES cia po tat ae eae 375 147.7 81° 1.44 224 155.6 WES road a acidic a 373 145.5 81 1.43 220 153.8 UES: catotayctenscon at 371 148.7 81 1.45 228 157.2 TES i serene crwe sens 366 147.5 81 1.41 228 161.8 TLCS citexcea Gessner ager 365 143.5 81 1.41 220 156.2 Wtes seta ucnawend 745 292.0 81 2.66 434 163.2 WheSy pu wares teases 362 142.3 81 1.34 228 171.8 TEES cc cca meng neg s 8 668 269.3 81 2.56 440 172.0 WES seca ddacanietes 334 133.2 81 1.28 224 175.0 AGES being sacden cee 341 135.2 81 1.31 220 168.0 MES Lo duntte enn ots 328 131.2 81 1.26 222 176.2 AGES): rapevecince areas cone 656 262.2 81 2.52 426 169.0 LOB sla Gia way ates 324 129.0 81 1.24 218 175.8 AUC a roux ede qn ee 326 - 130.0 81 1.25 208 166.4 Appendix “D” INCLUDES EXHIBITS REFERRED TO IN SECTION 8 OF THE TEXT 10°828 99°26 L9°+ TPF'TL 026'TL 0L8°2 yooy Mong Z ‘ON Vv 0S0'F9 peo MON Z ON eur “W'VSOOr | 18d “Wd SEIT] 189d “Wd SEIT LESLL 6h 1Z G°OI+ | F88‘ZT 08202 nes a 082 02 yeoqmpng JON | 189d “Wd STILT | 189d “WV OFOL| 18°9q ‘WY OL 88° LFL 06° TOT ¥G"- vor‘eL 090'¢2 090'°S2 yousyong Z°ON | 1g “9d “WV S801 | 62°99d “WV O0F9 | 62° ‘WV OF9 86° SF9 20 FL I6'I-+ | egp‘es OLY'FS OFO'TS yeoyayong Z “ON a oer'es yeoqmyong Z ‘ON 66 °° WV OF9 | 22°99 “Wd 08'S | 22°99 “Wa cae 96°TL¢ L9°8L1Z Z8'Z+ =| 682'66T 006‘F0Z Oze'Th yeoyasong Z “ON Vv O8¢‘E9T yoomanjong GON | 26°09 “W'd OSE | 2°99 WW 'VSSZ) 12° ‘W'aZ 62 862 SE Cat cL T+ | S2r‘Ort 0Z0'Z1T 020 ZIT yooumyong JON | 2S 99d “WV OFZ] Std “Wd STZ | gt-9q “Ww “d STS ¥6 OFIS ¥6 OPTS | 20°+ 1gS‘E01 089‘0T eee v 0g9‘0I peo Myon Z “ON Std “NW 'd OVS | STC “Wd OFIT| FL°99G «= Wag 48a, Jo (QUS19M atdureg Sujuuiseg | Joxung | souasaytq | wooy g) CIM prex)| youq Ayduq peuedg pexo0T pus pari o WOT} [BOD | UT [BOD Jo | “yuEH seg |sqi‘seyuNg)‘sqy‘soyuNg| jo 4ySIa [80 Jo pur ¢ JO SOD 80D [BIOL Ur FGSIOM | UL IySIO A PN [e10L [e}0.L Imoy pus 338q 5 LSOO TYOO IVLOL CNV VLYG UAMNOG TVOO INVTdI SAMOA FO TIVH TOON TWON NTA UI owed 3 060°E ] 96°T0E | 0O'— | 902‘TIZ | 00% TIZ OOF ‘LAT | ywoyayong Z ‘ON 008 ‘ee Woy | S19 “Wd ee | 8 -deq “Wd SET | 88d “Wd OST 3882's | SPoze | 26+ | zeg‘zsz | 000‘09z 00Z‘0IZ | yeyayong Zz ON 008 ‘6F 09 | Sed “Wd OFT | 249d “WA OOT | Te WEE “Wd OFT PSIVZ | OF FOF | OS - | TIz‘ssz | o0z‘s8z OOT‘TZT OOT‘Z91 yeoqayong ZON | Zded ‘Wd OSI | Se UVr “I'd OO'OT| Gz Ter “IW ‘d 09°6 yr? | Ztse | S2+ | HO'zEZ | OOB‘EEz 008‘Eez qeoyayong JON | oz uer ‘Wd OF6 | OS URL IN VOSS | AT UeE “Wd O8'TT L239 | ZO'2FT | 90°%+ | eg9'90T | OF8‘SOT OF880T qeoyayong ZON |0Z Tel “We VOSZI] OL Wee ‘Wd OS> | OT UL “IW VO OT nges't | 2t°1ze | zaet+ | 2ge08% | OL2‘LEz OLL'LEZ qeoyayong ZON | OL uel ‘Wd She | OL Vel “Wd OTST | OL Tee ‘NW ‘VOSS YPIST | OLSST | ShF+ | SO'LOL | OTFZIT OST‘6I quoqyayong Z ‘ON 092'86 qeoyayong JON | OL Wer “Wd STI] 2 Wer “Wadsre | Ler “IW aOE's 3 T90T | OF LOT | Z'eI+ | G2r'69 | 026'82 026'82 qeoqmyong Z°ON | 4 wer "Wd Oss] Suee Wad GOF | Pw Wa SIT 7796 SF 18 g'OI- | eFe'99 =| OT6‘6¢ O16'6S qeoqayong Z ‘ON gave ‘Wd «lL ewer ‘Wvogor | Suer VOT Ig F6G ‘¢ | €9°60F LT°-— 028 ‘02% | OOF ‘02Z @ OOF ‘02z quoyaxyong TON | TE SV “IN dOPS | CSV WV SSO | SZ FN “NV 029 86 FSIS 16 S9E se°+ G89 ‘OFZ | 009 ‘TH Vv 009 ‘TF yeoqmyong TON | &S FRI WV SES | OT VIN WV OPO) FI FN INV SPOT LO'6I8'F | $2°9LF 96° P+ | OPI ‘Fee | 00E ‘SEE 002 ‘FF Yos a 009 62 qeoqayong Z°ON {OL BW ‘IW 'VSZOT| ZIVN “Wd Oe | LEN Wd OC E 26 OE | Ih 6rE ro F— | 68 ‘6FZ | O08'ZEZ 000‘Ez yoy 000 OZT peoyAyong GON Vv 008 ‘F6 yeoysyong T “ON LW W'd0ve | TVW “W'VOOTT ( I 28N N'V OOTT 16 '266'E TO 9IT L1'9— | 129 ‘E8 008 ‘82 00¢ ‘9g peoyayong ¢ ON a 000 ‘0zz yoo | TVW “WV SZOL | 22° “WV 029 | 22°94 “INV 029 06'928'E | Sg °ZST 69°I— | 88¢‘80T | 002 ‘90T 00¢ ‘86 yeoqasong Z “ON Vv 002 ‘8 4708 L2°PA “WV ST9 | $299 “WV OOP | $2994 “WV 00'F G8 POL'G | LE ech 00°'S+ | OLF ‘98% | 002 ‘Z6Z a 002 ‘26 yeaqmyong TON | SZ 8d “WV Soe | 2198 NV OFT | ATU NV SPOT 36'TL2'S$} SI'ISTS | 99+ | SPE‘OTT | 000‘ZTT Vv 000 ‘ATT yeoymyong TON [241 OA “WV OSI] ST FH “Wd 029 | ST FH “Wd ST9 4s], jo (VYSI8MA aidureg uluuideg | syxUNg | soueIeyIq | wooYy gq) |\(3M PIPA)] Yyouq Aydurq peuedo peyxooT pus parti B Gory [BOD | UT TBR Jo | “quay Jog |sqy'ieyang}sqr'wexung] Jo 74310 AA [80D Jo pury 5 JO 480 980) [80], ur qysiem | Uraysrea | 4°8N 5 [830] [BOL INoP] pus 94eq = ) FIS's FF 6E8 TZ I+ | soe‘oee | 002 ‘esz OOT‘TI Og OOF‘LLT qeoqayong % ‘ON 0OL‘FF yeoyaxpng ZON | ZL eUNE “WW 'VOI'S | S248 INV OFZ | 6Z4PIN ‘Wd O9'F VPLS | 22°908 og’ + | Ssze‘sse | 009 ‘9Sz 002 ‘6z 4J0g 00S ‘9g qeoqayong Z ‘ON 006 ‘OLT yeoqaypng GON | Seunr "Wd 009 | Ec4PW Wd STT | es" “Wd OTT 6°S08'L | OT’ SIT ZO'I+ | 09¢ ‘zg OOF ‘E8 000 ‘9 3308 OOF ‘22 yeoqaxong Z ON | ecAPIW “WA SOT | O2SPN Nd OF6 | ST APIN “INV OOTT 8° L89'L | 96° 61Z tL. = OF6 FST | 008 ‘EST 008 ‘2% yO 00S ‘TET yeoqayong [ON | OSABIN ‘Wd 026 | ST APIN “WV OFTI| ST 4APIN CIN “VOOTT 8 L49F'L | Te O%% de = OLL ‘EST | 00 ‘EST 008 ‘ST 4309 002 ‘2eT yeoqmyong Z ON | GT APIW “IW VOI] O18 ‘INV OS9 | OL API “INV OF9 G'LbZ‘L | 00°S2e 82 + | 020‘%2% | COL ‘Zzz 60F ‘Ge qog 162 ‘281 qeoqaxpng JON | OLAV ‘WV ST9 | T42IN Wd SPs | 0g ‘Ady ¢'Sz6'9 | 69° 0&z% en — GOL ‘6ST | 009 ‘8ST 009 ‘8ST yeoqayong | ‘ON TAP “INV O08'S | 92 IdV “VST OL | 02 dV “INV OZ OT 6 F699 | OL FTE 96° — SSh ‘SIZ | OOF ‘T1Z 00s ‘ee 4JOS 006 ‘221 qeoymyong Z ON =| OZ dy ‘WV 026 | 81 dV ‘WV OSOL | gt 2dy uoON EO'ZT Tose'9 | 99°86 06°+ 026 ‘0LZ | 00F ‘E22 008 ‘622 qeoqaxong Z ‘ON 009 ‘eF Wes | study ‘W'VOgOT| 6 dy ‘Wevoor | 6 dy “WV OfOr G186S | ZO L88 19°+ GIB‘LS% | OOF ‘6Sz OF'66Z‘0T} TZ°8Te | 6I'z+ | se9‘ore | ose ‘cEz o0s‘¢e qos ; iat 4 ee v OSF‘60 yeoyayong ZON | 6°8nV “Wyses | 624me ‘W'adogs | T'3aV “Wd OT 69°086°6 | 99°1F% | 66° + | Szz‘F2zt | 096 ‘eZT O0T'8z 4J0g 008'z9 yeayayong Z ‘ON a oso‘ yeogmyong GON | 634mMe “Wd oss | IZ4mML “Wd OSI £06826 | LP'S2z cES+ | OGL ‘TOI | O82 ‘96T 00¥‘9% yoy ¥ 088‘69T ywoqayong JON | 1Z4ME “W'astat| 4me ‘wWaoes | 14me ‘wages 9s e9r7'6 | S6°Z01 GIZ+ | oe6‘6o | oss ‘zz 006‘TT 4J09 a 0&609 yeoyayong JON | Ir 4me ‘W'aogz | s4éme Wases s4me “Wd Se2 190986 | 80°69T Z9- | S29‘Eet | O8e ‘EZT 092‘e9 yeayayong Z ‘ON Vv 0z9'T9 yeoqmyong Z ‘ON s4me ‘waseg | 24me ‘Weaeeel | Z4me Wd OezZI eo 1616 | 2F°808 cEI+ | $28‘s0z | 009‘80z 00S‘TT qeoqaxong % ‘ON 000‘Ez 4409 a OOL ‘PLT yeoqmyong JON | GAME "W'd SOC | Ee “WA OT | ezeune “WV OTIT 90°e88'8$) 6678988 | sort | s99‘ee | OOL ‘LEZ 00028 430g v 002 ‘01 yooymyong SON =| eseune "W'VOSZ| seu “WV STs | zreue “Wyss 480], Jo (U3IEM aidueg duluuldeg | seyung | eouereyiq | wooy g) |(7M pre K)| = Gown [80D Jo puryy 44ydurq peuedg pexooT pue paypry o MOI} [BOD | Ul [BOD Jo | -4uaH Jeg /sqf‘sexuNg|‘sqy‘sexuNg] Jo 4qZ1I0 5 JO 380Q [3809 [BIO], Ur aysIeM | ULAGsIEM | = JON g [210 1870, anoyY pur ayeq YO6S'IT] IP PIT | OT S+ | GEz'zez | OT8‘EZ OTS‘eZ yeaqayong TON | gz "3deg “Wd G0°9 | GZ 30g INV OPTT| G2-340g “INV O2'TT MOLL‘IT| 29°28 Ze'e+ | 00099 | o9e's9 098‘89 yeouayong TON jezydeg “WV OS'OT! 22 ‘349g “Wd GO'OT | 22 “340g "689'TT | 28°96 9T'e+ | 000'%9 002‘¢9 00z‘¢9 yeoyayong TON [zz 3deg “Wd OO'OT| 6I'3deg “Id OE'S | GI 3deg “Wa 00'9 “ZOG'TT | 21°66T | FO'S+ | OFF'TET | OST'FET O8l‘FET yeoyayong TON | 61 3deg “Wd Gee | Et ¥deg “INV OF'S | 6 3dag “e6e'IT | cet | 2e° + | oLt‘6s | oos‘6s 009‘T9 yeoymyong | ‘ON 000‘86 yeoyayong TON | eT 3deg “IW 'VO%L| S3deg ‘Wd 089 | 83deg “WasT9 “gcz‘Il | ze‘zse | e6I+ | ser‘ore | ogg‘osz Ogr‘oes+ | yoymyong T ‘on ~ 0zb‘0Z qeoyamyong TON | g‘deag “Wd Oe | 22°8NV “WAST OT] 22°32V ‘Wd OOF ‘OL8‘0T | ezezt | 91° + | Se0’STT | Oze'sIT 022‘SIT yeoqmyong TON | 2Z°3ny “Wd STOT/ 22 "32V “W'VOEZI| 22 °2nV “INV OFS “26901 | Z6°TOT | FO'LZ+ | Gee'eo | O6z‘z9 06229 qeoymyong TON | 123ny “Wd OSOT| SI 3nV “W'asce's | SI'Sny ‘Wags "gec‘or | ge9FT | 22° 1+ | OgT‘96 | ose'Z6 ose‘26 woyayong TON | gT“sny “Wd Os, | E1'3ny “W'aoes | el Fay “Wd OSL “SPOT | F608 ShIt+ | 08202 | 08s‘0z 088'02 qeoyayong TON | s1'3ny “Wd STS | Z13nV ‘W'aoss | Z1'sny “Wad 0SZ “LIV‘OT | e9°SIT | 912+ | 909‘z8 | 062 ‘Fs 006‘TT 4J09 nralee AMAT ANSE ww enit wr Qnwe www ee een S'129'eI | 99°OIF 29'e+ | 002'Ssz OF6‘F92 OFL‘OST yeoyasyong T “ON : Vv 008'FII pooqmyong T “ON 6°AON “Wd 006 | TPO “W'd GOTT | 08 0 6'09Z'ET | 96°S98 ZB St | O8S'LE% 062'FF2 o¢e‘Or pyeoymyong T “ON : oh! . a OF6'ES2 peoym yong T “ON Tg "PO “Wd SF6 | PO "W'dST6 | & PO “W'd 0¢'8 6° FESS | 20 S6T oret | 002°22T 08e‘08T y 088‘08T peoqAyong T "ON €& "PO ‘Wd O18 | 8I°PO “W'd OFT | 9T°O 6° 669'C1 06 406 co o+ | ST9‘ESI 066981 q 066‘98T peoymyong T “ON 81°PO “W'd OSS | GL°PO “Wd 08% | ETO “Wd STE 0° S6¥‘ZI 09° S8T epet | e22'e11 Or26I1 ¥ OFL‘6IT yeoyayong T “ON STO “Wd STT | 8°?O “Wd OTE | €°O ¥ 601 60° S22 0% s+ | g99'eZT O8F‘LLT 020'FF jeaqa yong TON a O9F SEI yeoymyong T “ON 8°PO “W'd OFS 6 PO “W'V 088 | GO € PEO'ZI$| IP eFIS | 9% P+ | GEz'88 02926 . 02¢'%6 yeoqaxong TON Z~PO “W'VSTS | 823499 “We'd GOL | os “dag say, jo (74310 A ajdures juluugeg | Jayung | aduelegiq | wooy g) |(M PreA)| Yyouy Aydurq peusdg peyxIo0T pus pel wo MOI} [BOD | UL [BOD Jo | yuaD Jeg |'sqy‘reyung|sq[‘sJeyxuNg) Jo 7Ys1a [80D Jo puny § JO 40D 9800 [84O.L ar qysiem | UL Fq3T8 A PN ae 1270L 1830] Moy puvz oeq 5 SOO 'TVOO 'TVLOL GNV VIVO UANNNG TVOO ‘THP'STS | 9° LST O0L‘TOT qvoymyong T “ON FI 9Q ‘Wd STS | FTP Wd O8'T “€82'ST | 10°61 PLI+ | 99F'G2 082‘9L O8Z‘92 quoqayong TON | F190 “Wd OFT | IT 99C “Wd SOT | IT ed ‘POLST | $2091 Tt | OSFTOI | O00L‘E0T 002‘€0T qeoyayong TON | T1‘99q “Wd OT'OL| 6°99 “WV ge9 | 69d “WV 0E9 "E00'ST | ZL T6T 902+ | sos‘ozI | o0g‘ezT 008821 qeayayong TON | 6°99 “W'VO009 | 999d “W'VSTL | $9 “WV ST9 ZISFI | 94° 601 gg'It+ | 068°69 OST‘TL 08e'Fe qeoyayong | ‘ON 0ss‘9¢ qvoyayong TON | G°99q “W'VO009 | 2°°9C “Wd Se'Or | 29d “Wd 096 ‘ZOL'FI | ST T6T 6°e+ | SOs’6IT | OLSb2T OLSFST qvoyayong TON =| 2°99 “W'd OO'OT| 8% AON “Wd S221] 82 AON “Wd 02°21 IIS'$T | 8° 261 gsiz+ | OSZ'eZt | OTSZ2T OT8'L2T qeoyayong TON | SZ AON “Wd STCI] FZ AON “WV O0S'F | 22 “AON PIg'FL | OF SEE I8'I+ | oPs‘ztzZ | 068'9TZ 06¢'91z qvoyayong TON | #Z°AON “WV 00'E| 9T AON “INV SPT | OT ‘AON “TV OFT 6L6°E1 | 6h L0E gg's+ | 086061 | 08e‘SéT 088‘86T qvoyayong TON | 9T'AON “WVOST! 6A°N “W'd 006 | 8 40N EXHIBIT 37 DETAIL DATA ON ‘THE LABOR COSTS, HALL OF RECORDS PLANT | Week No. 4 Account r Mech. Chief | Watch Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers OO I. Boiler..............----; | 126,00] 13.13 || ...... | ...... 6 F sass 126.75 | 9.99 I. Boiler auxiliaries........ ’ 2.55 eecvlllll gaecmectaes Se meena 1.97|.. 97 I. Electric generation... ... Bl caches Itnguste: || onetime hastens Lig) 42,00] 22... | oo... 7. Elevator equipment......) | "7140 | 0007 PSDP | 10.49 | 3.43 | 02027! /. Water supply. .......... BE | aA ee cise ates ll se gies bastacs ell acta aaa BSN | scene I. Ice water supply........ BOS AN Ges cee ccnp ecg eaedeiuce Ui ened sas 98 ee I. Heating Hall of Records...| y'gg } 00720) CIID IID PIED PI Me chores I. Heating outside buildings; | 4/51 | 27222 IID | ID 4.13 ‘83 C. Drainage equipment.....3 | 1.05 cell aan daw oeial locates acon. 188 | oienc ; XI. Vac. cleaning and misc. | | Seuss aE ula aca tell deseo aren Undistributed...........; | “1/13 | "4.38 |] '°1:37 | “35.00 | 90:85 | °"6.38 | "9.38 | “7.51 Totals... ...... 2... ee: )| 147.00 | 17.50 1.37 | 35.00 | 94.50} 63.00 | 147.00] 17.50 al labor cost for weeks: 1-4. . al labor cost from beginning o Week No. 8 Account Mech. | Chief | Watch Firemen | Laborers|} Eng. Eng. Engs Oilers | Firemen | Laborers (. Boiler........-.-.++++++) | 182.75 | 14.07 || ...... | ...e00 | eee 6.38 | 184.68 | 13.75 (. Boiler auxiliaries........ \ 41 2ecc9 8 | oes: | evens 3.93 | ...... 282M ea ests [. Electric generation...... Be) autavsscea | veetee ee. || arene | ee Seems pf aetiaiace 42.00 EBT OW seconsai ", Elevator equipment...... PWN, ABH toe aes. AL caacaicean bss oreceae! | wevaacreie 7.69 | 2.06] ...... ", Water supply.........-.5 Zl St | eaciae ote "||| ohacapacedet | oned2 atl otek Ue-even es 281} castaes [. Ice water supply........ 1 5 BOE Nae sc ge: I ltsshacaievevtes Il! Sond ew aeay [lh steesocngers eee 280) | vases '. Heatin; Hall of Records..) 189! | seers MNiaeeetes Il mxekea | ceaaetecs 1.31 182) | asain ', Heating outside buildings.; EBB secesies'. ivexentons 1226 | zara 4.69 1.72 | ...... :. Drainage equipment..... 5 B.65: | ccs iccee || ase P aeece x 606) | sessae 1.74] ...... XI. Vac. cleaning and misc. | ...... | ...... |] ...... ap asees|| esas na tcuie EOP) aecceres Undistributed........... 3 2.25 3.43 4.11 | 33.74] 90.01 93 2.24 3.75 tansy gyumameeey 147.00 | 17.50 4.11 | 35.00 | 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00] 17.50 I labor cost for weeks: 5-8. . l labor cost from beginning o| Lanodint! name 4 i j i f i elt! i hi i i : { : t bara uae en ee 168. 1 Oy, EOE | by ; : a. 1, Wed | geek gu: poe: Gee ey |e | BD. coe bg be ms — LS ue ya dot oul tid’ 1 aL GO.0MB | Wate TL i : lord ebvaon Hix hy gaiaeigead mott boo a inuegn & ‘ae vhlotl 4 ramen rslte 7. olgriasy ons timiaqinps wtaveld OTT J cq ede oF sonics alqans wig ost TF oe 2 FY wpaiblivd sbiahye guise _ digutqiups sg sain tl sein ban gotanao et oi bods lirteibarl alate reat Wed clodal oui Mos go gw toldess sodal lateT EXHIBIT 37 DETAIL DATA ON THE LABOR COSTS, HALL OF RECORDS PLANT LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DERIVED FROM ORIGINAL REcoRDS ON LazBor, SUPPLIES AND REPAIRS Week No. 1 Week No. 2 Week No. 3 Week No. 4 Account | \ Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng Engs. | Oilers | Firemen |Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers Ve BoilePisaw caceacios sae eee Cele wane. || Reda 1.12] ...... | 129.18] 12.52 ]| ...... 75 1.12] ...... | 126.00 | 13.14 ]] ...... ] ...... 19. | siaeaee’s 126.00} 13.18 |] ...... |] ....-. 606 | recess 126.75 9.99 II. Boiler auxiliaries..............-j) 0.006 | eee eee 4.21 67 £95] cicosace [pdaustete \| eae dene a 13 ED: | arene | mana, | acai mieten .07 2.655 | awww eM veneer | seineies 1.97 | ices ces .97 Lah III. Electric generation.............]] ...... | wee 5.63 | 40.53 PED N so tblaticse || on Satancee. | resaeg use [hele eonAS 36.95 38 215 | AI68) |! cece [ewan |] Saeco a] wee nes 1,12) | 42:00) ences | veacise IV. Elevator equipment.............]) ...... .56 3.19 O56 hy gscdccace Wi aoa ds aco 2.25 1.69 6.09 | 11.82 75 7.86 4.49 PAO sccsceieis Ml week) antes el) aetieles 10.49 3.43 | ...... V. Water supply ......6652deceeecvall aeawee | ese das sere .69 AM | aieaseteat acl [R geucereae, || samauees ool e k Barees 33 S751 force dee: Weta Tt ese x .56 .08 DAD Ty scvizeareres. Il eadwayee || oeeececes | Secon [Paces Sate 2.30 | secase VI. Ice water supply. . storia Se] k Ghoseenaser th 84 .25 PION tise sll aoe aay i etieled ¢ I eae ciew, fp Seeing BED Nocscsie danas Ill dieses Se If alee ay 3 400: beaaeare’s 105 4 cots i peat | Givens | eaeeia” |p omatade 1985! acades VII. Heating Hall of Records. Mo nd eGi| ll aectacns & II we aranrens 5.05 .50 V33 | wsesys- lll eee new | aaa d Boe .23 W381 eewass oe .56 .07 T8941 scecaee || vevaadkae: | lead’. (Celeste. IN eeares £BO sree steed VIII. Heating outside buildings. . .28 | 16.64 S80. | Gccaeed || eeeees 5.62 | 15.26 3,938 bwanvne || dad ace 1.504 osc 16.58 BBW | sdacery cll waydwalg? |i scarab | ee acess 4.13 (83) sens IX. Drainage equipment............]| ...... 1.13 .53 MEO weocerdcwee [Vereen |! dees diene |) avec eines .27 BUD: | eda iatste Nh cig reer Maa .56 .08 B05. ccceice dU] axeenw | gised sc) geonisae: Il ewaciens 1258. | dacce X & XI. Vac. Epes See tools ail ens. coe). aieacss |) Seaaa sc eokaes SUD. |! svtvevacece Sosiaweee! |’ ateaee ase Pere dtc Ne i aabadas agian goa naggeiae N45 ascent suichad ih Gacueee | AGactine I avenee a: | aasean, | testes ll qeedes | cei ane: | ee eece | oeeaes Undistributed. . ‘ i 5.48 | 42.00] 75.68] ...... 1.31 4.98 4.11 | 39.00 | 86.07 75 56 4.36 3.43 | 39.75 | 82.06] ...... 1.13 4.38 1.37 | 35.00 | 90.85 6.38 9.38 7.51 Totals cows tics esielnwene ea 5.48 | 42.00] 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00} 17.50 4.11 | 42.00] 94.50} 60.00 | 147.00] 17.50 3.43 | 42.00} 94.50] 63.00} 147.00} 17.50 1.37 | 35.00 | 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00 | 17.50 Mech. Eng. | Chief Eng. | Watch Engs. Oilers Firemen Laborers Totals Total labor cost for weeks: 1-4............ 14.39 161.00 378.00 249.00 588.00 70.00 1,460.39 Total labor cost from beginning of test...... 14.39 161.00 378.00 249.00 588.00 70.00 1,460.39 LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DeERIVED FROM OrIGINAL Recorps oN Lasor, SuPPLIES AND REPAIRS Week No. 5 Week No. 6 Week No. 7 Week No. 8 Account — . Mech Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|} Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen |Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers Ty Boiler. goc06 ess asewas cee pasel| genie | cance 1.69) assess 134.05 9:67 Ii sisahae | eanuda. | awe 4.12 | 189.50] 18.45 || ...... | 2.6... | eee eee 3.00 | 182.75 | 14.07 |] ...... | ..---0 | eee, 6.38 | 134.68 | 13.75 II. Boiler auxiliaries.............0-]] oceeee | eee eee 5.06] ...... BF | aseegec | tence 4.78 3.75 S60! id aascee, Nase aes 1,69 | cess SRE enteenien atewernn [Lainereatis 3.93 | ...... 282" | ssa III. Electric generation. .........050 |] ceeeee | ween e | eee eee ye 2 eee ceritbas eae 42.00 |. vicsvsae fone dar || atveaae V:G8) | 42738 4 ssnace -laeediwe Al aueed | execs sive 42.00 SOL | eels IV. Elevator equipment...........00|[ cceeee | eeeeee Joceeeee 8.63 BOG |. sccce er II vece sea ae | Sreawe || so oxime Be Gat enone tow dees ||) waendhan Nowa ee. [iredeusiens 10.87 ALIS |! Moose oaedeiates Nl ae santos [pawns 7.69 2.06] ...... V. Water supply... 2.0.00. c cece e ed] cee eee | eee eee | eeeeee 4.50 4.13) [enc eck |} ata se [eater || Seeses: | Qetees mle as Spearccs tl | Gacaltaseaned | cecicene Bea] evaeoo te 75 2278. sees cca || atrcee Mos ga ee | seeets atte OL I oscars’ VI. Ice water supply. ..... 2. cece e|[ cee eee | eee eee ies leans AGH cece sa |) waases Weaesauc| derane ges EIB? NW tasacteae ll chasers: eeiese || cewines [at siees $80 lg odes (aero | dacs pal ll aes sia BO ciiises VII. Heatin; Hall of Records.........|[ ..---+ | eeeeee 2.81 | essvas LQG Nh see Ul) epee. Panes ways pb anes unas RU Nee Maleay tM nnlgd Bact cats amrecs 1.50 (OO Y) eak cde ll aahhaten: [gee aa ot aie akes 1.31 soe: | Saeed VIII. Heating outside buildings........|| ...... | cesses J eeeeee 3.38 AO secon || aevke-s 1.50 EBON cies retewes tll hcopase eo | isa doshas :1| Garant ens 2.63 6800 | cerecee en |] emeas 1.26 | ...... 4.69 172 | cise sks IX. Drainage equipment...........-]] oe. eee [eee eee [creer [veers ci) ie ereereree jess! It -agekaestanar af. seta iol) Atgseerues £83 |iccased |) sams sleeves 75 ViG5 te cacceis |) tances: |csewes 56 | eee. B74 cote cack X & XI. Vac. cleaning and misc. ‘tools. . Soon Reuave lated salud tonic Wiemchctoneaty (W “aihe tessa It Guage ezine tl ocean Nabe | “eecdete vk MW ecdeectauecas vf sonetenausnar lop ademaceet I Seaeeuene aden tl | cantare, ie Wa weave eink [acest tnes soll SaueSessmcay “ll eavantecera Ml cg: tetecaheeal Velen eee DE Siaevae a Undistributed...............56- 5.48 | 35.00 |, 84.94 3.37 1.13 7.83 4.11 | 35.00 | 89.72 3.00 4.05 2.74 | 35.00] 91.13 1.13 2.25 3.43 4.11 | 33.74] 90.01 93 2.24 3.75 Totals: aca nua seus ees sae 5.48 | 35.00. 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00} 17.50 4.11 | 35.00] 94.50] 63.00 | 144.00} 17.50 2.74 | 35.00} 94.50} 63.00} 147.00 | 17.50 4.11 | 35.00] 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00) 17.50 eoeew_!D——S—L—_SSS —eeoeeeeeeoeEoEoEoEoEoEoaoaoeoeoeoaoaoaeaSEapSaEaEaEaSaEaEaoaoaouauRmuRURL™€™x€™~=~E~EyEyom>ss',—O— oa{vwmwmVwVmaaa=c— '\vwrFe=—=—<——Vr—_=eeeoo— SS Sew ——we—eomos Total labor cost for weeks: 5-8..... Total labor cost from beginning of test Mech. Eng. | Chief Eng. | Watch Engs. Oilers 16.44 140.00 378.00 252.00 30.83 301.00 756.00 501.00 Firemen Laborers Totals 585.00 70.00 1,441.40 1,173.00 140.00 2,901.83 aS SB LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DERIVED FROM ORIGINAL Recorps ON Lasor, SUPPLIES AND REPAIRS a a a a eS ooo Week No. 9 Week No. 10 Week No. 11 Week No. 12 ee ee ee eo a Account Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers I. Boiler...... 0.2... sees eee ees isadinaw Namen. | awewees 5.80 | 182.65} 10.30 || ...... | ...... 1,69.) dvave 130.89 9.67 |] ...... baitener [og fee Wetwens 196.775] AOLG4e lll ccewes | weewde | eiveuse || ee eec 127.88 | 12.19 TI. Boiler auxiliaries. ............. 6) ee .eee J eee [eee peak oes £655 Git. cl Saene beets 1.12 1.50 3.02 | ...... arenas s| aseaties 3.93 6.38 TT Nee} Wl sees | aes [eeenes 1.88 3.01 | ...... III. Electric generation.............]) .....6 | eee eee | cee eee 42.00] ...... J]... eee eee Uesiaees VA etaoever aes *| u eceva A200) cesses! | caste: sewer toe ares eats « 36.00 BBE ais ccd Il ate cece ba eee oa 42:00. | aaccstco | eaters IV. Elevator equipment.............][ 20.2.2 | eee eee 4:69) | crecawace [i coe teal agentes ame adeos ol domeyatal 7.31 4: | iaeece ||] Spee sctvaa | maeaes 9.18 6275-1 vis ad lll asoene | asvcos | aeauihs 8.63 3.00] ...... Vi Water supply voi iiinccscs dln cea wae den \opanaude laces sata Pw ed eake £66! ices sates Ml: se ages ll autecea eer] emcee | Geneve MEN aac W ews e | odeane | bases | aoe see SITE Ve ced-ace 42 || castoilive: | oaeeG ake LSSWeRe. | Sulhewts PEE | ie sande VI. Ice water supply. . eg svssoul)| beene Kee iealeat all easenoee ste Meoad SOB CIs Grates Il ace nen Hach || kasi, eweuras STE. leone MN eaters Pose eee BET eset | |lesahineoise | pe matcets | BARR | eaten OY awe: VII. Heating Hall of Records. gered « wavelll’ saeeteloe exe bwase. WO eee’ 75 TA th as ce ll tase ee earns en | ieee’: 1.04 1570 |) cos ccsea || egies: | eyecare 1.12 1.88 AAS! |i cteetec ll eaaeeas | ata we | esos 1.12 WS Q | zines wisi VIII. Heating outside buildings........]} ...... 4.35 6.00 B86 |. bie ‘Vasa eee: | ices, eed gars 7.03 Glee easiest teade | icwteaaines' |Red dese 4.31 VAG Ves sess Wh ieee 3 6.74 5296) | ie eseiese IX. Drainage equipment...........-]J 22.6.6 | wee eee | eee eee 38 SG icc ecces! Wi Seas ebe |i “guceaceates |code Saacekine Nl seepeesnees TAM Ssoaieser. ||P) ek ener isetaten Nace ete Ae “Nt eoaecens STAM osc at Ml etacoateteo dl araeciane |e anaes .38 AA | eseaies X & XI. Vac. cleaning and mise. t ‘tools. . ni ene oes oat Pmeeeneral eee e et adie W deateecsed MN Aneaeett. Il jaideule as [uaaacene, (Naina sd er heaed. ol ay eens eid ahanee M Unesacersee lec deseo I awe deas ll Suates de ad ane aiiee, Nh eae Se Pea reatiest i | coratoncen eeepc! Breeeistees sntiaey Undistributed. . : 4.80 | 30.65 94.50 3.38 6.00 7.20 4.11 35.00 | 91.69 4.12 2.25 7.83 4.11 35.00 | 89.45 5.25 4.50 6.89 4.12 35.00 | 94.50 2.25 3.38 5.31 Potale icy sin aiariwiw ane sank « 4.80 | 35.00 | 94.50} 63.00 | 147.00 17.50 4.11 35.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00 17.50 4.11 35.00 | 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00 17.50 4.12 | 35.00 | 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00 17.50 ———————————————— Mech Eng. | Chief Eng. | Watch Engs. Oilers Firemen Laborers Totals Total labor cost for weeks: 9-12........... 17.14 140.00 378.00 252.00 588.00 70.00 1,445.14 Total labor cost from beginning of test...... 47.97 441.00 1,134.00 753.00 1,761.00 210.00 4,346.97 LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DERIVED FROM ORIGINAL REcoRDS ON Lasor, SUPPLIES AND REPAIRS — ae SSS oooSSSS—SSSSSSS——SS——S——————SSOSwh? aS S.—O — i .=.._“aK-=-™_=~_ Week No. 13 Week No. 14 Week No. 15 Week No. 16 Account Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers J. Boiler.. ia db UR ROA I RSs e. Ih alae Serene ane sll reread 127.49: | ASO AM scans: | eexawn | aeeven | cosas 126.70 | A815 Wl ascees | segavs || eaeires 5: | 128.20 |) 12520: || ccc |) seaves || waste 3.38 | 131.77 | 12.51 II. Boiler auxiliaries. wibeusteuk aceerolt ee tee. ||| awantelets, deca wie Nh Beha aceen STAN ka eecs || See) Saweae Wl eee 1.88 3 190-l-caeses MSesaive | eetkea |) adele 75 B45. eeitin | ates ade [Pewee 2.81 74 108 | wicseaeas III. Electric generation. . “ald aeictaevens suse saahe satan >| Aamo | eae ee's 43.50 T2505 |e cones lll seas. \oekn ge Ill ae aaa 49.00} Scans | adhecn Ml Gagata | weve |) arson AZ OOM Seccocca de eccctauss [ll cas teers [t tawtescey ||| aaron 42.00)" ogee wuats. i sesvacecans IV. Elevator equipment..........6--|J eee eee | eee eee fo eeeeee 8.05 SRW cco ae MW aaarsen | here | aekaeie 9.56 CASE MN. mcrereee Hl acavecguaee [| -aiaescoaye Ul aaa wien 15.56 TOOON | eke ve lll taecocevans Le Geddes. fl sadueion 10.31 4.68 | ...... V. Water supply... ...... 0 cece eee ff nee e ee feet eee [owe ee ee [veces MCN. Aevelcrtae || aidaoaar,| ates [| aos) ese S10 | aero || ah eee Poa oe [lees | Seeiear ME Wgistiatis: Il aa ence W Anta | eaecade Laan alee HAG wesc: VI. Ice water supply. ......... eee el] eee eee | cee ee fee eee | ee eeee Gee teacIGGe || aceon een 2.25) | Sewn de TION Gotsawieds MI caval) elahecsa Il aauatee. | areSaee SEEN tte nbd Ml charcnoen (Pte iresa- || sesmasee iatades WL | xcakens VII. Heating Hall of Records........- || ....5- | senses [over eee 387 TEIN aoe caida” lll dedentscer! | hase e esate 2.81 £38 BAT Nisin ees | ll ueaainke || canteen 1.31 OTT) aha Il. & Seeee \exeoae. | aes 38 Li 10.) duswes VIII. Heating outside buildings........|| ...... 2.50 ll 4s eeece 7.32 STON ee. ce eo Waseca hed. feadeateseveus || Rasatecna 3.55 TTT NM a casei tim I tee ptensetarty tlh esataraaer cli Ma dectbabtate 94 TG eee Hl Same il bead oy eeeelaecl| ee wane Pe fal eee IX. Drainage equipment.......-.---|[ ce... [cee eee J eee eee Pct eres STON ae neo Mt egiieage | Gaeeie Wt amawccs |i acaas TTD wanna MW Saisek-loeeeee: | teams 1.69 9 27. || tian |Pancatan ) seatas-| eeage | engecs MEN. eee X & XI. Vac. pean mnelanise: 400lNaal| ccaccc [sé seed Wasuepal [covseae lt sewesp ) wagaue | Sota, | anand |amense lp wahcag || igen | oeceee || ee eiRe | saedae || eiared | Sewiwe | Sactem || Oakes | eae Cael | SaaS | een be eT ee ee Undistributed. . : oi 4.11] 32.50] 94.50 3.76 2.63 5.31 4.11 | 35.00] 89.44 5.63 5.26 4.35 2.74] 35.00 |. 94.50] ...... | «00... 5.30 4.59 | 35.00] 91.69 6.19 5.25 4.99 Totals icc gcic see sees sae Ree 4.11 | 35.00] 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00 | 17.50 4.11 | 35.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00 | 17.50 2.74 | 35.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00 | 17.50 4.59 | 35.00 | 94.50} 63.00 | 147.00| 17.50 Mech. Eng. | Chief Eng. | Watch Engs. Oilers Firemen Laborers Totals Total Jabor cost for weeks: 13-16.......... 15.55 140.00 378.00 252.00 588.00 70.00 1,443.55 eS se ea ae a ee Wl cose 2 ean SR sh ne I a Total labor cost from beginning of test...... 63.52 581.00 1,512.00 1,005.00 2,349.00 280.00 5,790.52 ee LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DERIVED FROM ORIGINAL Recorps ON LaBor, SUPPLIES AND REPAIRS Week No. 18 Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers Firemen | Laborers Week No. 17 Watch Engs. Oilers | Firemen deg wee .75 | 127.15 scp aint 75 1.90 Saybia 42.00 | ...... sara 8.63 2.62 wees | eeaats 44 1.69 | ...... 44 pnngeien || Sakae 44 shiltece 37 44 Ves’ 75 1.19 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00 3.22} 35.00] 94.50} 63.00 Chief Eng. | Watch Engs. 140.00 378.00 721.00 1,890.00 Week No. 19 Watch Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers eee 3.00 | 132.70 Jalen ne: | Baeate 1.83 aire 42.00 1.12 ees 8.07 4.50 mane 2.99 1.89 Basterals 6.94 1.90 Paces. || wedaate 77 setae || was 77 is hace) eae 17 94.50] ...... 75 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00 Week No. 20 Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers 4.83 | 35.00] 94.50 3.38 4.83 | 35.00 | 94.50] 63.00 Firemen Laborers Totals 588 .00 70.00 1,442.49 2,937 .00 350.00 7,233.01 LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DERIVED FROM ORIGINAL REcorps ON LABOR, SUPPLIES AND REPAIRS Account Mech. Eng. FE. Bolt cncapicacn nds aie auutacanalll sexe wes Il. Boiler auxiliaries...............]) 10... III. Electric generation. . 3. eeaisvsecall|> soa uaxenas IV. Elevator equipment. . Heh te eM S ell pe at V. Water supply..................1] wc... VI. Ice water supply...............]] 2.0... VII. Heating Hall of Records.........]} ...... VIII. Heating outside buildings........]} ...... IX. Drainage equipment............]] 2.0... X & XI. Vac. cleaning and misc. tools. .|} ...... Undistributed.................. 3.2 TTOtala ssa a Menwaote at soles 3.22 Total labor cost for weeks: 17-20.......... Total labor cost from beginning of test...... Account ' Mech Eng. I. Boiler.. ‘ eh deaeaass op ees II. Boiler auxiliaries. 51h PRN S HeedeS oN Shomalns III. Electric generation. ...........-|| ....5. IV. Elevator Pane niga ses) xargs V. Water supply. . sanonsaeastccaell || -meanedeasts VI. Ice water supply. . ai aaieca'|} ao'esecveace VII. Heating Hall of Pecotdan sense iosanns VIII. Heating outside buildings........|| ...... IX. Drainage equipment............]| «2... X & XI. Vac. aenne and mise. tools. .|} ...... Undistributed. . ‘ : 3.22 Totalss.oiv4.oiinr hess Geto 3.22 a Week No. 21 Watch Engs. Oilers | Firemen 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00 Total labor cost for weeks: 21-24.......... ee Total labor cost from beginning of test...... Chief Eng. | Watch Engs. 140.00 378.00 861.00 2,268 .00 Week No Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers eaten lI Soeur HOO. I aectoteds sate sigs Ml gana 6% 1.12 1.13 ed head l|| eet abet 1.69 | 42.00 plead |) weeepE 1.12 9.75 cauate || AsSo dale) Sat ree Weer dl ameaee |ecacies Ae aaa ¢ 37 3.22 | 33.75 | 88.88 .38 3.22 | 35.00] 94.50] 63.00 Week No. 23 Firemen | Laborers Firemen Laborers Totals 591.00 70.00 1,442.28 3,528.00 420.00 8,675.29 Watch Engs. | Oilers | Firemen 3.94] ...... 127.45 281-1) oaanas .70 Liane 42.00 1.12 1.69 | 11.82 7.13 3.94 75 1.52 1.12 5.81 2.2 edna |) Layomnete 77 stutter ahccasetag 77 Dps2O: | sedate 7 Sea wis 2.62 1.50 78.50 | ...... 3.00 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00 Week No. 24 Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers jeereaa DASA evans: | aaibaes aca Ogrsiee | sekong 3.37 | ...... equhanaubur |iaaeg mane .56 | 42.00 Ce pide Ngee sew | canes 10.50 ee 1.25 6.47 37 site | brecd | anwese 2.06 emis. | ae Ones 128 | eeasan i aswletuia: «na deachian [lo geesbinsess 7. aruadow|l! Syraonne 1.69 1.13 2.42 | 35.00 | 94.50] 63.00 Firemen | Laborers Firemen | Laborers LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DERIVED FROM ORIGINAL Recorps on Lasor, SUPPLIES AND REPAIRS | Week No. 25 Week No. 26 Week No. 27 Week No. 28 Account | Ips Mech. Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|} Eng. | Eng. Engs Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers I. Boiler.. Ul ouaek msi lf Rae eee .56 -10 | 162.00 B44 Ih excise: lv ate asa 3.94 .19 | 105.00 Wc OO lll sae eed faacneds | Pla de |) eae s 107.95 BilS: | asain 62 3.01 2.06 | 130.26 8.44 Il. Boiler auxiliatiess o HR We 75 LOB rc) desta 2 127.82 DAOM || gusces| aie ars T5275 | oan 118 68: ))cogcacer ill eects 1.50 3.93" |-axorwe 107.57 G89) wescceail) Gawain 84 2:99 | 181.19 | ...... Il. Boiler auxiliaries.............0.|| ccceee | cece 1.96 75 LU asa tiamate Al sguivent inden!) “gatcestee.t 2.81 2.92 Gell ade? Wl aeesie |) eeadaell ekeds ato! TD Ae | sais die Ill sated ia 'ete JI esas as 2.53 5.63 2.95 eer III. Electric generation. . Sine weal|) Rerteste, ||| eaetere: B62) 42 200K i as scene le dates ot] ataleinudie | aasane 1396)|, 42200.) ccwsnn || gevsen ll sa nase eqns 6549. | 42,001 cocci ls seme ear es 1.50 9.57 | 42.00 OOP |) saades TV. Elevator equipment............. Sietints os Ieee anes $28:| 16.88: 1 10588 4} ssscisscwe || eneees 5.25 140]! IGS05 | LOsT8 ha ncce I ecesseacans 1.88 SeAg 19-IB | ADB. | isc ise Il aeeesia 3.00 | 18.00 6.75 |...) | ween Via Water supply si caccesvagenre tial] sienee eas eage 508] a ashes aL) agaieters | saadense ge, | atseeesnls 1.12 .30 (O0!| Geese [lwase 75 L569) oceans Al as algoe. I aeaaunaa, pak asae-| Rose os. |pobd eee AT | eee VI. Ice: water supply s..2..4doseauniaia | saiees [tase ge) meee 37 ETT) oateeotste )'l|s atten ses 75 3.76 1.43 $00) Beseabee lit Sahaeieet “lt saeste BiGd: | eater Bhi V acconey Wwsiseeell Biatherd Se sees 75 ATT | eves VII. Heating Hall of Records.........|[ .....6 | ceeeee | weeeee | ee eeee BOL exebceeen lt sagittal, lt uracil, -hetattitad tal ate gota £007) aassee (lee adeu: | aabares DOO) itech ECE | wast || see doe Wi adansay |oetaatias | eseee & ed h ges exe VIII. Heating outside balling aS M Il hussdcrense || sAdeia naetolll ame BEM basdaehace || ngesant ee la eeruan. || aaiMaae | woaaans 100" |-accase | ansace|leeane 9238 | wiadars BEE Wh aiatgiarase |) aswoaiea ll a aceayaia laureate |. araegeaté TT | ose e ee b IX. Drainage equipment............|[ 20-05 | cence | cence | cee eee SIE i atatasartasre [Ia setyeeasde lif. cearsleicey | watngtavsce .30 25D! Itsaip eacae lll onze: | oeear eas 1:13!) Sess AT Secicee Nt dnceie || vaca | aatewe || makees Mill redler X & XI. Vac. Beene S and misc. tools. . anaes bh Bowe Dallas. oa, Sill gecate pital] waa. aerino® ayatapeteten UN aatmtonetete cil kee ed A a lvetene ae Ail eae ah al ee mir MN cies OP Mle ee oe ame e a! (I eos feral amar ahee ik -anetrera tae || se eee I ven Aa oalh patches 2.28 1.18 L138: | cacawes Undistributed. . sam aS 4.83 | 41.25 | 84.40 3.00 3.75 | 15.31 |] ...... 36.00 | 67.70 | ...... 27.37 | 17.50 || ...... 37.87 | 64.41 1.12] 20.25 | 10.61 1.61 | 37.50 | 63.28 3.75 10.13 | 17.50 TotalBes canned oncdinw iasenaee 4 4.83 | 42.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 150.00} 17.50 |) ...... 42.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 165.00} 17.50 || ...... 42.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 145.50 | 17.50 1.61 | 42.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 150.00 | 17.50 Mech. Eng. } Chief EF _ | Waten ; Oilers Fi Labor Total ee eee a peat sae ie Week No. 83. Additional for Mech. Eng.—Office labor, §1.70. Total labor cost for weeks: 37-40.......... 6.44 168.00 378.00 252.00 610.50 70.00 1,484.94 Total labor cost from beginning of test...... | 133.58 1,482.00 3,996.00 2,505.00 5,935.50 713.75 14,677.53 LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DERIVED FROM ORIGINAL REcoRDS on Lasor, SupPLIES AND REPAIRS Week No. 41 Week No. 42 Week No. 43 Week No. 44 Account a Mech Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen |Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers I. Boiler.. : gamma eee wisi cll eee O|| eee Dad2. | assea 123,69! 4) ocsee soy Ml giged ee 1.12 2:80 | cee T1760) yi acescass I] eer a 75 2.80 6.00 | 112.07 | 13.75 |] ...... 1.50 SORT wicteisa's 116.95 | ...... Il. Boiler auxiliaries...............|| ...... } 2.0... 7.03 | ...... MOM, gardcein [awash eaawee 1 Sama es 15 OTe Ml ssctatteh ee Maa detes i lenegiat es LLB teieaean LsS2e Il enact te IML Socdestechs I etecstetns 1.12 75 DA sal sedieie III. Electric generation. . SSS ee al eade ee 1.50 5.34 AQ OOH: excentnre ses] Um anccerenet “| fl) shanaave-s 2.63 12.38 44.25 DDO soles - Ih Uda wscs 3.75 5.62 AZM) aye ves Weeeaad AP oeacge 1 oe vas .28 ATO} -asenus # xa3e0% IV. Elevator equipment............. asia tll aeelaals 28-1) LODO" | A638 [secs [fy sanauded ft Aeemten oll levencons 8.03 2:02) | see ang | aeets | atau 1.12} 138.13 CoOL eases. || adie 4.13 | 25.30] 19.13 | 14.14] ...... V.. Water supply... .....5 006066000432] acs cce | seus G74 | sek ois SE || Catgag pies allt aimetae Hh pacers 2.25 .53 0060) accede I) deka | eek we 2: BON sisiava sec sald |icaetoe, gare ||| saeceeastne. "Ih aeuaanenees 220 seer danens EON seh Sane VI. Ice water supply...............][ ccc... fo eee ee | wee eee | cee aes ME | excuse NW svete |S a pees .84 15 OO Ih os ssest, | aixniinten™ | esi sadistisi || Slectaatevar’ i “RaNeoaaes BU aeard Rares lll caeereen all malaeyetesnn hua weer ach tetas Se SOT" | sBcroats VII. Heating Hall of Records........|] ...... 75 Did. |loieshew sng S10 | aeovex ill guadinn 75 7.31 387 OB sala gaasle. sl)) carseat || poteoos 1.12 19 HMA Se aeaele | incre. ly aghaunes 6.20 387 1.46 | ...... VIII. Heating outside buildings. . All aetna 3 225 6.19 1.50 DO? | csess.a Mh terns Bee i varies 1.50 306 | scceond [fi audoee LOE |” sopatepedel .93 AM cececeeaere, lf) a-apsiacean'|| | maundeads |i taeeciae 75 60] ...... IX. Drainage equipment............|/ ...... ] 2.2... MUS | recente AT Wee ras ee. Wamaae oan 2.81 .52 L033) aiiecon ll asscae. | ates DEEN eaiecens SOE seceovrasuce Wt Beweg, | eerie 208°} seca ae AL eaneoeea X & XI. Vac. err aaa ANG MIRC < COONS? S| borates Meaty a aes es|= eae flaca eal sacaetndas [lt easertdess A) Sounieine: | deatmcaes “|| Aoibeacahes | engor cen Ill eacosseetceo sll socseoeelend saya wee GW nee tease I Lestcislaiems ier eanetae ||) aera ll! bier “| ueseaeie Ut Reta tenes nlm | cana Ns Undistributed. . : ; 3.22 | 37.50 | 64.42 3.00 | 24.38] 17.50 3.22 | 35.25 | 66.10 7.50 | 17.25 | 17.50 6.44 | 36.75 | 79.64 75 | 21.75 3.75 1.61 | 36.37 | 57.95] ...... 10.39 | 17.50 Ota S37. ms crpsialeler do-harmrmend4 3.22 | 42.00] 94.50 | 63.00 | 165.00 | 17.50 3.22 | 42.00] 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00) 17.50 6.44] 42.00} 94.50, 63.00 | 147.00} 17.50 1.61 | 42.00 | 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00] 17.50 eae 7 Mech. Eng. | Chief Eng. | Watch Engs. Oilers Firemen Laborers Totals Aes Week No. 33. Additional for Mech. Eng.—Office labor, $1.70. Total labor cost for weeks: 41-44.......... 14.49 168 .00 378.00 252.00 606.00 70.00 1,488.49 Total labor cost from beginning of test...... 148.07 1,650.00 4,284.00 2,757 .00 6,541.50 783.75 16,166.02 LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DeriveD From OricGINAL Recorps oN Lasor, SUPPLIES AND REPAIRS Week No. 45 Week No. 46 Week No. 47 Week No. 48 Account le | j | | Mech Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|/ Eng. Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen |Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers | Firemen | Laborers T.. Botleb soy s cts eeukeve genes ice|| ames 1.50 3.94 150i) 2B 8331) aanascase II) saoeaveceg, ||) geste woes 8.14 1.50 | 128.50] ...... J) oo... 1.50 1.97 8280 | WAL. 14) sacace: Il) doe een If gaawds 2624 | ssaeee 126.69 | ...... II. Boiler auxiliaries..............-]) 02.202 J ose ee. 5.06 | ww... £69 |) saagintate |i aan veh er ea ate 1.41 56 213: || secaaa: Wl ereeee 1.50 4.718) | aiieieces 286); wexycicre II) Semana | aasndss ALO! | eee hao sltgate ah W aeeoans III. Electric generation............. |) ...... 75 280)| AZ L008 csasces | sicaey |i eemdae | aweess 2552 | 42.00 | sacey [oases |p ccewas If syareunes 13.50 | 42.00 BU severance MI avecaanng,., |. aaeeaze 8.44 | 39.00 69 .63 IV. Elevator aera ares asserabaeie 75 9.00 14.07 DO 4 cs akeece Hl scccae eN Saas 4.49 11.82 OL OOi | his Soneasie® It aa eutee san lt mpscnnees .56 11.62 O00 |) cavaaer || atwicadin 3.75 .56 13.12 969 | ...... V. Water supply................00]f cece Powe eee QD Wid soaiee HOSE) iarsincsa’ All aedeunin Ll sane 4.50] ...... OOS | serve k? Mt aaron 1.50 1.69) ...... O3::| “Sarason || naneeay, |) aeeslate 3.93 | ...... $O3o 1 cme se VI. Ice water supply. . aipslise Aon ea tdcy ratedtons eel) ce tony £63) patie ll mamas (P aeowen |) wepseniye |Pateeanen SOB cateicce MW costae | aioe 2525 | eae bic 103: [a seis MN shee | eeaega | ewas ef aad ee 63 | ...... VII. Heating Hall of Records.........|| ...... | ve.ee. OB f accisve ace SOE As tine stn lhe sena enya | eralea tats .56 387 AVON! etpargcore: Ulf emreda'a 1.50 6.18 .56 25200) < Sxisee-|) ewes Biol lsinnee el sii HOE. ceicte ait VIII. Heating outside buildings. aoe 5.25 84 3.93 252 ene ata ||| wWaases $00 |. seinen 2.62 LOE N eae tek ll genres 5.25 2.81 2.44 SLO |r serseei siete,” ||| axcaaseais 11.25 .56 5.06 De OO: | ictengeee IX. Drainage equipment. . alt esgwen lye eaee 206) |) viwias sO kicz gs see I) Sorte | ans et 56 .38 D208 ys secy | Secwet | Riese 2.81 1.13 DOE: lin syesene || oa eraeeely ub aise ee 1.12 2.07 4.39 | ...... X & XI. Vac. oo Seah aac Tosca aa ears Ik Ga evokes al aewea eT oer wee tea tk poses aoe We acd) eel eae IP ESN cehnees Th acu Ne atic ol eens Ningatease lf Socks Ween eli aeeeume'tlaccchc fl eccceet WM et Coe alec Undistributed. . : : 4.83 | 33.75 | 69.49 1.50 5.98 | 17.50 4.83 | 39.00] 72.32 3.75 3.37 | 17.50 3.22 | 30.75 | 57.95 1.88 3.00 | 17.50 1.61} 23.63 | 73.15 3.75 .75 | 16.87 Potalsiesy dame Goeaeouaee ees 4.83 | 42.00} 94.50! 63.00 | 147.00| 17.50 4.83 | 42.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00] 17.50 3.22 | 42.00 | 94.50 | 63.00 | 147.00 | 17.50 1.61 | 42.00] 94.50] 63.00 | 147.00 | 17.50 | : ‘ ; Mech. E Chief E Watch E 1 F Lab Total ire ue Ee | eee ere Dee ee i, Week No. 33. Additional for Mech. Eng.—Office labor, $1.70. Total labor cost for weeks: 45-48.......... 14.49 168.00 378.00 252.00 588.00 70.00 1,470.49 Total labor cost from beginning of test...... 162.56 | 1,818.00 4,662.00 3,009.00 7,129.50 853.75 17,636.51 LABOR COSTS, TOTAL AND ITEMIZED DERIVED FROM ORIGINAL REcoRDS ON LABOR, SUPPLIES AND REPAIRS Week No. 49 Week No. 50 Week No. 51 Week No. 52 Account ~ Mech Chief | Watch Mech. | Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch Mech Chief | Watch f ; Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|| Eng. Eng. Engs. Oilers |Firemen | Laborers|} Eng Eng. Engs. | Oilers | Firemen | Laborers Ty BOVericl te a asseta’ctavete ee seweiate, he nec Corer \akeenabstaess, ||! enemchctas AD A ciate 25 D5: | agoes [| ak Sere ayedarae i eee VIG AC csacede | wxaanst lleeeees D163: |, oases 125.13 Wl acacvde If aaadas 3.00 T1880) eats 126.63 | 10.30 II. Boiler auxiliaries. es aaty ae At tee || Cees 6.77 4.51 By fer el date Gcterel WWidtawneetste ll Laval ahaa 7.87 2.07 DEOL Wl aocursds isaacan | seman g Beal ||, Srkzcetet DISS! 22.3 hoch ll, wis woeen Mi Gaeta 1.68 37 .63 |... III. Electric generation. Sewer Kee awa Sl! Gatco | Gamat 3.15 | 42.00 493 | Savese caveas eb aneses 16851 A200) aacgan. Wt ecuranes Mt wag tte, [Vaasnn ae D081 AZ LOO li sesione lh wtseiga i agtelencon | Avene’ col AD OO! |) sexes nae p saa bee IV. Elevator equipment............. || ...... 0 1.40 7.49 O00 N Geavee Wl-seecee | Yaveeacd ohoaee 10.49 DET A sete tees sll: eee oe 2.25 5.91 16.87 PO casas 4 veers 1.50 12.67 16.14 143k || accees Vi. Water BUDDY... 5 ances oy sc Abell mackaw Il saan 3.93 75 Gt ce tase Hil ue een tll Getanes B66 |) aaa sots LOB ll swacte tate UM wtatacchea S|, aaecarare B09} wcsaa's SGA acces Il coaeraceae Ul each eas. ||" heeerae 1|Usnaeeanane £63 he ganesrere VI. Tee water supply: s.c.32 csaec cua || cadena |! oncnes BOB rl eet MOD li date. seus | cca oatsanestt|/9) pradisette hilt bak bedaSre Waa eoraes DBS GAs ss Ileaaweises, |) oeaislae fh emen ater | waeG 164 se esse Nl copncea | sebebede. | ltemueee’ | aaleelst £63. Wines esis VII. Heating Hall of Records.........]| ...... 50 2.25 1.50 S68 Le sasagere Il essemneseee to 1.69 1.86 ZAG | execae W axagan-| see.ess 2.24 1.49 DAT gavmeaier It Caanaes TSO eee 42) Aeon M10 | aapues VIII. Heating outside buildings. . lh aiieasa 2.25 7.32 4.31 SoBe MercesaTtes I Secieieeas Den NH Be cons 6.58 AAS Woe cance [hatin (Havers |eeeare 2.64 SOQ. cieueecnatct lire aineutet 3200" | venaee 4.49 L282 ff aleeaes EX, “Drainage equipments e220 eace «ll, oaacxn dicate 1569") keene: BOOED caries vere tll bx Seseene «lV ests TTA fess tahensee SOG CI sce Geayee Ilse ban AeeS ee DOAN rise cece 695) Sigacceus Mi tesedwas |: epoetele 28) | aecawe 110 | senses X & XI. Vac. eemeee and mise. tools..|| ...... | ...... | ...... 94 PISA evccne I) Bocren | weeds | yeicies ll Mies fh aeecca ft connie [lle sacle | taGuies |) oenk gaol aaeaae Wt genead:| camesae ll Aeseae i) Madea [ Sdetaee | seeeals | oe Gauny | eas a Undistributed. . : : 1.61 37.50 63.50 1.50 4.50 17.50 3.22 39.00 Oi: SO "| ca jedcisee 11.25 17.50 1.61 39.75 68.94] ...... 1.50 17.50 3.22 33.00 64.68 | ...... 95 7.20 Totals: 2.2o:i40e5/ovae ee meae to 1.61 42.00 94.50 63.00 | 147.00 17.50 3.22 42.00 94.50 63.00 | 147.00 17.50 1.61 42.00 94.50 63.00 | 147.00 17.50 8.22 42.00 94.50 63.00 | 147.00 17.50 Mech. . | Watch Engs. il Lab Total ee ee oe a sens Week No. 33. Additional for Mech. Eng.—Office labor, $1.70. Oia a DOR stein ikec ina dainisien Gels eandaeeo ales TETOR H Romiecseece be’ commecaaaacy’ H, Aiitanaee.! ah Liiiaitentege, (al) cagonsmnene || (ees car Total labor cost for weeks: 49-52.......... 9.66 168.00 378.00 252.00 588.00 70.00 1,465.66 Total labor cost from beginning of test...... 172.22 1,986.00 5,040.00 3,261.00 7,717.50 923.75 19,100.47 cvs Ba need: | keene s a | POE Tapes eg" e3" es" 00°¢ | eg: er - | 00-08 Lege tec logge fore fee andi | ieee are Legg frre + | gg-ep | oot | gorge oe jane | sere seer teres | weenr | egdow | asthe] fan8t Pggng I ase te irises || Caaiswe |. emai e9¢ ae eiereee- axe [wees é [aes pane - iBibe: | eau P Bets ee | og: zp | 09:aF re fesse [ogg freee Peeeee Pieeeee | gp ivvvecdcaden | apeas 00's | Ir oe'st | «°° | eg-¢g ssp dncataes [hoes nan ai Saas : atti es reste [rears [sees Logege [ees | agar | ceee | gg: sdokarence Ht Avs ccuchag il chistes abate i) 360eha se oes Psoede: | deme [Pe verse | ge: trrssseeseesssgone paqrosse *ZOp T Seay ag saddia ue X wt “zop H iA eetae “+ sSurysng Tal x % g RAS eG qapulso Je118q T “***gay09By 9489 10}VAR]9 “ZOP Z Torts rses esses ssa soar 990 ‘-Zuryoed yoo preg ,,%% ‘ON ST “ 7" "suBo Yse SIdVUIUe "ZOp Z vrtecsessss-Surpoed xep ‘bs A xoq I “bs “43 G Suipoeg oyueurleg 4aey8 T ret eesee eT oar yaa ‘+ Buppoed ador ,,% Jo -q, % trreesstessssss-gog upd yse | Torrrsesessssessss 11g gurgua farreq T “'o* S9yBl OIG Z srrtecesessesss -cgprengs durey ¢ "++ (ax) syaqoos 731] OLIy0a[0 g ssnyid 4431] oLyda;9 ¢ “11 ""psoa dure] afqixeg “7J OF SEAS & SIOYSeM ssuld osnes VE -zop Z “TTT *"*"“STeYSBA SSBIS OsNVT |G ‘ZOp Z ‘use ‘wer ‘wer ‘wer use RPehehe 06 99d 06 99 0% “99 6I “99C 8T Cd 8T 99d 8T 99d 8T “99d 8T 99d 8T “9d 90039 s[OOL, “Ost TL 99V) quour -dmby ose -ureiq “6:00 s3ut -prmg episino sure “9 -00y spi009yq] jo T®H suryeoH “y 00W Ajddng TOBA aoy “9 ‘00W Ajddng Taye “g‘00y queuUL | UOI}81o Sorrel -dinbg | -wep | -KNy AOPVAI[A|OMIyaTy | Jeo ‘po0y | -g soy | +z -o0y JeTlog “T “00W paimnquy “si 4ON ToNgLysi, 4809 1879. wor diosa 238q ALI HHOK MIN—INVIg saquooTy 40 TIV]T SLSOD ATddAS NO VLIVd dda TIV.Lad 8§ LIGIHXa 5 eit eee Setter ene e esses gag ‘wy ‘qooo ie “xoy pus appuey 99} VF T | 1% “Wer 38 vee [oeeee Pveeee [eee Leese Peeeee Pees Laggeg Jere sehide ech ae “+ | gg-p |-gjaq souseey atqnop ssoqpue ex 161 | IZ “wer we + | gorg Redes I SEs wees Gl vieieanas fh tarwavace ot | 206 |: Se IZ: sere | pgrgp fovetecstt et @ OAT 990M re fests | gg: sepeasdeeal| setae. ll aaah Esdene “| aise alias Bese ; ae aii a 96° shnalsrnlgng ¥ See Nane Sea soqenp zoyyeoy T | ST “Uer see bees | gore | cress | over [ones ee ee - aaate {| ed bes zoe | +++++-guroorq arey @ | ST “uer oe ee cg'z% sea oe . wee Te . . es e22 | 49 ome | eee fF ere oe . . 244 aires GG'zg . suIOOIq m100 “zop % SI ‘usr sae aie wee wee a7: CLS Th, Fp 8 eee 1 a ae 00°6 eae Ree HE | tte Fe. . 00°6 ee Ol aa Pons 1 SI ‘ue aga fp canes Sat, Paya saaxes |. Reams aa eee ie oie etks Bo stasis meee Poot foc ve eg aren YEOH ,,€ 10490J 10} sysIp Toqqns yjos Z | QT “Wee tee a ietiee see tree eee Paes Pe eer ie eee PL we eee wee tae see . 20° ‘Tq ‘ojdda ,9x ,,% T ST ‘ue eee i Sate ie ee ah BH: ae & en ee ee ee ae . Bae NN RA eae 0° - ‘Iq ‘sejddiu , ex ,%z SI ‘uBe . . sees se eae . Lt eae . eae ¥% et . eek yf 2a ew 2 Ce Rae | are | eww ee 0° €0° REAR EASE RS COREE TAO) ooh ee. [, SI ‘usr . Sp eee . tee eee ree 2 bee be 7 Rae e eat eh ee fl eS ae 80° se . 80° ‘@ ‘LO ‘sdsurqsng Suronper ,, Wx 8G SI ‘ue oe . . ee see ed ee . . S . en | tees Fs eae id sae Ol’ ofa: OL’ “cep ye ‘sy]a Suronpar ,,8¢ x, AS SI ‘usr Loo) 208 | 8h9] 965 poe 96'T | GET | S6°T | STS | 69°6T | S6°T | 00°€ "| 860 [ “PON YOM e eee Paget fcc foe irae | ves ce | eres se | egal eeece. | susest IP Siege 3 eagess Woy [ccc aehlega'a ayeos ug ‘soueeq Suuds ‘on 0g 0} o10z T | [T “Ber tee eee by eM, # Sec sae eo oe wee . . 00°8 . ete of hake 00'°8 oe ae ee Rag aS “+ "TIO auIgua -[qQq T Il ‘use ten {Ip baee Say tees lopez : aut jer | et 69°9 | ZUT treet fcc aqsem OITA aTeq T | TT “wer wee 96° . : we eee Pere ee JP we eee e | wee ee fe ees eoeised || dss alee . . 96° “iodo Suryoud m04seqBoIN A. 1 ‘ON T II ‘user oe 96° see 72 5 Ge eee [wie [ eae PP ame ee | tem qe . ep ee eee | Goi Gf aaeaw& 96° *(adoa) suryoed W0Ysaqedo[N A. WPA ‘ON Zz Il ‘usr CZ T ae ae oe domave i aE eae EL ew ces . ne ¥ | eee Pe a ae GZT ‘(edox) anyyoud mojseqvoin A WA ‘ON Zz Il ‘use ee wee Wee . . a2 | ommegong: e964] Fee eee. ol) Rees SEAS | See oD Gitte TE) ee ce saa $48 0 Baha Wee A: yoyses v9 ayueUlieg T Il ‘uer g° aes . at . pea. | 4S | eee | ee OE Be | @&o ate Fee ee . . . . . 1° ABD Ra I ae “qayses wel opUBULIed T Il ‘ue ne ee . fae | Maree P24 oe wee we 09°% . Pkeae || Wee ee ol kag om 09° Se ee eee Suryoed xep ‘bs We x0q T Il ‘uee oe eA . eee . ee 2 here of etree & . Reo eee ee . . . 00° £8 see 00° 8 see sosnee 4yeIp [eyuer1e Ip wos g L “use snqyvi | yUeur | ssUL |sp109ey -eddy |-dmbq | -pring jo | A]ddng} A4jddng| yuouw | uoysse| sorrer yoog | sjooy, | sur ese jepising| [eH | 12998M | 10784 |-dinby | -uexy | -fxny | sJeplog |poynquy oy, | uz | costa | -wee[D | -ureiq |Suyvey|suryeeyy] 907 JoyeAgTA/oIyo9/q | Japlog -sIq | yso09 wannoeA, {ON | [BIOL worjdroseq ayaq ‘TP 20VlOL 20V] 6 99 |S °29V |Z °99V | 'Q "29 |G -90V | “P20W | "E90 |Z ‘O0V | *T ‘20V molNnaiyyst ALIQ) HAOX MEN—LNVIG saquoogy 40 TIV]T ges beside Wi tia ties aude ell tng Be we iN eax grade: | aeeeiae i ee] ee] Shedd | ISSR Nore eect Ub catigt a fll hes as ae | aes -lto. foo 10° stems. || aaaes: |} atacet ||| soege lt ease Ss : i 1 OnT Lon T oreo JN Getha: | taka i) Bete Page ol aretegs jl 4 reste Peres Logep foccee OL'T iene: || maxes ee a ses Lage loge Joon ene | Ze-zI -- | ogee genet | areaas- | Stage | eyes Wl eewdos pes 4 - 1 90° j 90° secety| ame aaato | eee es ; te see dg fees ZO" ; : Bsancy | spatial) aes a4). ee'paie i ‘ Ze zz" Seteaet il] ose ae él) aaehen 5 vere fives | Tg: + | Ig: ae waaaastaies (Ps ecw ase Ul sedeatey | [auaser ce Wl! neta se feg foe 60" exes |i aiarea. |) soeen |) Geecieen lh eesonne Hl eeeaes sis Z0° Z0° sputa- | eameee: Il! eaaccg |) es ae es ves | gg: 98° ei tine | mgistan| ee tertey 5) ay amis : ogee foo i Bae - | ogg Sake | a ; eee Pangan | gods dl) gmc ‘ | yee - | gee sesame fers lt : ; sesee | go: seeee | gg: ge ean. |vswenete’é. "| areca | wees Dhieie | uaa lt Saioee + | ez: s+ | ge shui fe peace ae that teat cease tall canaeyn P afnanes Tae kee sree fgpeg fore vs | gore sees. | was eRe : ges i) Zeeee 60° 60° a poae. Wiese a? HES : ‘ sare fee + | ge zz" sdeato Wh peat Mt eat ee le apeted: il eee ae | aloes isa ; s+ | ee s+ | eg: meas || erteek’ ene ia ill Soul wees i ; s+ | eg: ‘ 67" : ei cpa (fp wikiiaedy Ml aenenag «| RAS ESE | SESER adie Yosces 6Z" sass 62 deaiche ll saan, (Mwah patentee lhe ote ~ |p #4 ZL veees Logy: sdihatie is j aoirenne | desea ; ree fore | Go [> 20°1 bet 3 Sais : yepn | a vficrees Piesees [age vee Tyg: sale ds ||| eeeATRH [ieee Aaa) eae a ll) atntiei fers ++ | Fe: - | $e sate seceisihiy Ge datas [> Sibecare I Eaeee || Spraeetel [eos 80° 80° , sae : she sdeuacl|t Sacene’'|-eenees Ih peu ae Ts: Ts: seated aollDD outs: hell caehlat enti seenes Saeed: | ememene te rere ZO" 5 Z0° ce daunie [rae || arene |! Semen base ll ee ores Locsin || CEES c0° > | ep: Sepgiene. | sees aoe asa ndl erste [Nene ILL weer feteaptetn 1] Gaonaans ZO" : ZO: Sie tll seeoevats I Soin earings || F8E SE ; : ‘ : 98: 98° ; : getter Ii dea aad ified ety \ataiee' : £0" e0° BaNeasis ; Spal attests pate |i Se vee | Ts , 13° Sates I asa fe: || sgtweess ||) ahs re (tego | Siaa se ||| Baws 19°T | y9°t Trrsees sss garea aqors suryuer ,,8¢ T PRE Ree “oATeA aqor3s sunpaes , LT ne tite ee ae I'd ‘1? Sh 2% T “Ta ‘auxdnoo sgurnpar ,,24X,, % I 5 ‘To fodid ,% 19809] T a, YK, ‘(uree49) Buryoed SUL “ON Z VATS, (aways) Fuppoed Suir “ON Z 9 ON 29M co yg Bnd 248 1 ‘nid ,,8¢ T se ee ee wee ‘Ty g ‘ajddra eX T “-o++9 +7 +g ‘aormn qutol panos ,,24 T “Old ‘dugdnoo Suronper ,,%{x,,24 T ‘Old ‘1 4 € a ‘I *g ‘003 4% I wt ins ‘odid ‘I'd uA, syysug] Z , “yous jo sey ‘(ureoyg “098 A). 4 Yes uv ‘ssurpoed Bull ‘zop ¢ *sdooos oI 9 “ON “Z0p 3{ ei “++ -soqddra “J “ ,,2%,,.% Z “tres + gor yutof punosd “Tg ,,% T penn ieee OATA 9}BS UBOLIOULY ,,94Z T C8 EAS SD Ble ele be sseiq ‘ug ‘Te ut I ssviq ‘uy ‘8904 ,,% 7 sor otsgoiddiu |. x 8% p aoiatie Al x We v pose goede eine ed eg oe “gguaq ‘uy ‘sy0oo 1B “xay pus a[pusy 293 ,,8¢ Z OATCA SUTYUSL FSIP 4508 ,, 8% T “ga ‘syooo pue e[vur efqnop ‘sajpuvy 201 84 G ‘“ssviq ‘uy ‘suorun ,84 ¢ ‘7 sstiq “UG ‘sf? ,,8¢ € we ee ee SsBIq ‘uu ‘durjdnoo we I scab iare nieces | “-gewrq “uy {S00} ,,8% ¢ ee eee ee ee ee ssB1q, ‘uy ‘gso10 iP% I ere ae Ia ‘Wear ‘sefddru |g x ,,1 Z scotty ypeur ‘surpdnoo , 84x |, 1 T ava acee Sheen peg ypeur ‘dorm | TT Lee haa ee Ew I ‘¢ ‘Trew ‘aa} +L TI tees “++ mort yoRtq—edid ,,7 qySUe] T oe -gzis adid uost—edid ssviq ,84 °4} OT 86 ‘ues ‘wer ‘wer ‘ues ‘uer ‘ues ‘ues ‘uer ‘usr ‘uer ‘ues ‘use ‘ues ‘ues ‘uer ‘uer ‘usr ‘uer ‘ues ‘usr use ‘usr ue “ue ‘wee ‘uer usr ‘wer ‘uBe ‘uer uBrp wer uer ‘usr wer ‘uer is evidie satan erecs #8" 2 #° “ 3 e3° igs seco ae eeaee ease: 00°01 teenies sneer seeeees song Ph "Taq T 6 "a2 - eine. 1 eee | meade) Ceca A) uae |e se 8 £8" Pewee | way sores 1 agg nomen He eticesre> Se Buyers “Te ‘T 6 °9q tee ie ae: a tout oe OB 6 4 4 ee oped tie Bs 8 tant SO Sy See e 02 'F tS eH oe . 02'F wee eee ae ew BS eee eee eee + (dumd : pee} ,,Gx,,24F syon)) Surpoed Burt “sqy¢ | € “Ged oe ee Te" wee . . wee eee . e Pp www ee Fo wee ee . . . . Te" eee ee eee soTpuey JUNIE, puey “zop uy g "qq Br Pa ERIE Margin igs t's $8 +++" gures JO} SUEY S89] ~pue ,,21 2 ‘0 ,, Sf ‘pue [reus “0,94 eta see see sae eee 00'IT . . cage ees . . tee . . . 00°IT ‘QATBA OL pua aSIB] 9joy ‘sTooq A eayea yoqooids ureyo (WeIp) 1 Z| & “Wa oe . oe wees Ratton | ween, | eae wea awe ace 00 °ZI + - 4 ecw ee ee T exacenare 00° ZI “AQT yse 10} supped quoulpg ue xoq I g “qaT eae ‘¥ . fe ae ee a eae, ee. 8 Serena . . ’ f Sree oe | 4 oe ae 0z'¢ CORSE ae cate MG ee 02° € dex] Tosiepiry ¢" ‘ON top Guay Puy GA Tes T e "qa ® 50% : = il waren: | arees | eee aeaes eee - legge foc ez" ¢e +-'++ssgugo yse gL | & “qed . era . ase | £eeae ie |) eee eS fl wit he . 20° ef eens . 20° et ee se vee sgrddra ‘T ‘dh LX AS g “qaq . . . wae sees . «| £SDRE Ss, wees €0° tbh ee | week a 1 See 0° wees CSRCR See # ojddra ‘T ‘a ex I g “qaqa ane tone: [ ate ke wee ee | wrens cae | weve e f aoe | Fe woe Zar eee ee Pw ee ee Po wee ee LG" vrrtesesesessey cer Gorm 4req ,,% T g “q9q i P43 ] te ee Pe eae wee Pw ew ee Fw ee ee . OL eee see . 92° a ee OATBA aqos suryuer wel g ‘qaq . . | Ree ee . C2 4 wee | asa ae fl Se ee oe ee 61° wren 61° Si tdcariatiae ae rs $009 ‘T |g yeu ,%se g “q9q oe . . Seen | BEV 1 aut | Fen ee . CZ CSS eee ae . 0S'F ‘*eswous Ausqry XX ‘ON suveo “a1 OL g g "q2.7 . 2 Ewe ee taeeeet Powe ese DP weawtgs eevee § ettwmee [| sa we 00°83 . eae 00°8 i [ro auisue ‘199 T g "qeay ioe jee sais. | aiactios: ||| Aaiaae | candace. [kmsrets r34 ev \laeaienss Ger | - aren [occ LON 490M ne Oe a te ee eae serseses: (guise reMolq Y ed4} °0D “@ “V ,,SX,,9 oUt Joy aIB B89q}) S4IOPD 194qG 1GZ “ON Z| 6G “UBL ‘*sUOTJD9UTMOD POI 911}U8099 [FZ “ON Z| 6G “UBL es eee ei | seats, Is weer P apttes: |! melee || aeuiiac || aese ot Ih waa obs iene oeer | °° ara suid uomoaut00 Spor ATA GFZ “ON Z| GZ “URL * suOHSTUOD BPO DATBA FFG ON Z| 6S “UBE oie Gees eee "Spor OATBA EFZ “ON Z 6Z “uRe vee . . . nema, ae £2 wee Pe ee EE were eae | Scsyrace 98° eee 98° SOE eS Sw ‘Tg ‘Worn 418q T 8% user snyei | queu | sSur |spi00z7 -eddy |-dmbq | -pimg jo | Ajddng| Ajddng| queur | uoMese| sorer peinquy yoojg | sjooy, | sur ase jepisino| TT®H | 10y8M | J038M |-dmbq | -uer | -pxny | Jopog | -sIq say | Ul | ‘OsIpL | -Wee[H | -ureiq |Zuyvey|SuNvey| soy JOYVAITT|IIOITY | Ieplog 40N umnoe A 4809 wondioseq ayeq TL O9V) OT “9F] 6 “99W | "8 OOW | “2 OO | "9 “OOW | “Gg “DOW | “Pp O9W | "E “OOW | °Z “OOW | “T “OOV Te}OL WOHNgiystq ALIQ HAOX MEN—INVIg sauoogy do TIVAT ei Seen ay ZZ" ry wae ake Ze" feta availa ainda 3 8 oe ss-goran qed ,% T €% “92a oe ee eee 10° see freee | yo? p hatieeines 2S EOEk Seep er ene Ve H €% “eq . see CO" edie © sapere G0" vrestseeeesssgorddia qaoys “] “g ,,% F €Z% 928. oe see e sae bie G6" eharek ie aoearede C6" seen eens ‘+ -adid -]-g % sqqsu9y Z €Z “G27 SST]IO() LO} SUBD Yo-yoouyY Joqg “zop % &Z °W9T 0° eee eee seas eee tee eae see Buea oe € see eae eee ans & i ess Be £0" Peer in arco ce oe rare ‘+ -addia | ¢x,,T T €% “98 eae nee eee see . . . . see . . wae . eu’ 2" see eee 2a" Se ee ee suorun yeq ‘Tg 1% Z €% ‘8a 10° see . see : . . . eee . oe . . aay see eee yaw € see 10° “too ++ -goiddra ysoys "| “g ,84 “Zop 34 eZ “G97 0° see : — . ine re oe acme ees ci ee ae pone Coe | RE reser sess sggaa "yg 14 €% “G9 IL Be a eerie Hoses Sere ‘T aA “ZOp T £2 ‘qoq 8° wigexa eee eee see tees see see area sean opavien a « eee aan we et 98° vrrsstessesscadid U4 "Tg sqysuay ¢ eZ “Geaq tl oo: | 96° reese [eeeee Tgp. eames. | tiene, | shares. | aiate (eae et Fare eT reese L ggg [eecseereceeee “+ ‘ON 2244 we eee ee eee see oe ee Le ee a ee Z0° Ane Ree Ee eee “cos gqddru qroys |T T EL “F984 ser] aubow lit senda | Wades tb eget baetae cere fogs feccerere esses storim gang “TT | ST “aad weve Lavan [eeee | eames fone | gps cere | eevee | ouae [tenes | oaaee | onan | weece | ance | Bes feeaeceens yg ‘09 241%, 1,241 T | ST “ded xe, [las vinib sis "71" Ta ‘Surgsng “por ,,4x,,%e T | Sl “48d "* Ta ‘Sargsng “par ,,24x,,1 1 | 8 “42d gay er “TT | Br qa cee eee shee eee tee 0° Oe cen ae eee sojddiu "] “g ,,2X,,1% el “q9q meet | cere [coer | oence | ereme | ences [| cemee [ere | eenes verte Pere Pores Pope Peres Lggg foc soapea ago sundae “7 & | SE dad . eeee eres aepae & ee eee eee ee wee sae aa ee a9 ete Ke eee cl’ CO EES cm a cas GI’ setae “Tot SMaIOS Jos TX, If *ZOp T el “qq . . . a wee 2 eS, bee @ wa ee 06° baer ee Ee “+ sdeq ouryovur If yes T el “qaq ve ae we Fo Bo & eele £2 hee fel 90° Pata 2 ee Oe aS “Tp qstag | EE 7 el “998q PIO f|' °° steddo4s seep yy suvl sseis yb TZ | eT ‘qaq Peete eee sses 9-047 yaa eae . . trees . oe a ee Sea seierer ee sae wees . sree ss ssssssgdour ‘zop 3¢ 6 "qq eee eoeee seer eaec’ es eee aeaee esens ee scotalens {| "Sg axe ame bes Le gig is eee oe ateeaos ‘++ +++ Japaod deos -1q4q T 6 ‘qeq tee tenes seer Sieger We ete ees a wists tenes aicosen'e te eens weirs dee Ze tresses sopelq MBs HOBY OL “ZOp T 6 ‘qq vee sone Pee pewiiee ae be oe wee eves wilh) Ba ee eee tees wrens GZ" “2M UlseSeddo4s Suruvoyo 10; zoSunyd T 6 “9°q sceke . . seer oooh ve eee ee matte . oe eB tat seem gl" a ea i vreteessescesesse es anid adid KT 6 ‘98a eee & . . wee ee . . . . . oe . . ae s . Pa 92° aac Fe 92° oe . "7 eaTea eqops supruer ,,24 T 6 “qaT 0° a elacene bases een ae ee eae er ane ee ls dans aa: a Fite, et exarel ges aces ep Seas ¢0° eS a Ob aa 6 “qaq Z" eeeee ee ees. ae ee ae ame eee eS oenee aycestie a shaeked ae vores 6 ties oe 2 ERS cae SPEER Arar adid ,,% WySuey T 6 “q2q ra . . eee ae . . sree eoeere fg Sevetione ee eee sieved oe rigs aes PL ers ew MIS aed “ot Gorn qreq KT 6 “qaq ane eee ever eeeee . . sees . . eens seeee sees sees eee sees aaa se en: vt ee ete een cae aa @mmannar bv Br Se os epee pes : ve enee See oe a we cL" we . eae . ve esa KS 2 eS ease + e . CL’ “*"suorun WB 1% $ “IBY sad Pe ar gnents Fa oe ware ed Saray & as ob aesa4 3 s ace seers eheman Pa are 8T° sa 6" igiecar | Ska) pater ida oo dl gene : 5 x [a ¥" és Ui ses | gg: somes Ih 2 Gite: [laa cneheee | Naess ound b oigieer ade | ncaa oz" ; dita, A) Se oe Desa wees Wi concer surat: || ener : ite i é oo'oe | 00°98 a . dg Mees scat Ih Saver ca s mee DHAge | hoe oe ; OFS - | ope i axe SOEEE Ub Bites: ; - Pogap io Spe) egy eh aseen - | oo:T1 3°06 S6°OT "1 $8" : §8° €L’ PI | 60'S | $8 OS'S | &T'T | ° "1 9h 8g eS eaee-| ee tab: |) eae : i Wagar | ekexs ||) aeaare She i - | eo: L : agire | 23244 Reckero |! Garver | ean el Secage, [vate salt masaee | wernine allan ‘ 91° z Bed lh ee ays A clad, sesh. gees (lt sao een | vegs2e | Saptatatehs i fogs zz" I: ve tre [ Meso {ll seocege. [atest mY [aceite g nee ba IE ate Zr 7° : Beet | knees ee ae santos: ft agacis te Wh sag deans “cas ne ZO" * 994 [8d ,,24x,,7 T "7" * "S119 T8S 6 Z * 994 "183 ,,2X,/8 Z ees SOATBA 9489 sUTyUEL 24] T fo RE TS SOA[BA 9989 SUINUIL 7 F ok 4 2 ese qo qepurpéo ‘Taq I 4 te ew vrrrts sss" 119 guise *Tqq T 9g “oar yaa bees wee *sasny jeued ‘due OL OOT Ct ee eS sours seessss sss +s aagrdur09 soip pue yo03s adid opajoy, —T ‘oN T[ CN Lek eae er *sajddra 4aoys [es WAL Zz i ‘-Surgsng Suronpar “] “g ,,Y%XT T wee ee em we mente “994 ‘yes UAXSZ TXT T “7 ** TRIoTeUTULOS ‘plo’ oF eLINUE “Tes | ‘isae : ysniq Areques | Sreetess sesso Joureqs BUEN T ‘+++ sdureyo edid xejduig GO ,,2421 F BS BS suvo Yse 10} YONI pusy 4ST [ “+++ -dund "yn Jo ‘aod dumd s0j \ arpurds pue 1049] } 80g [9948 unds 347 T x "6B ON YOM nereeeseess ssarddra asoyo Ta AZT Bee) Tie Gee Btiemeneu ere a oes Ie Ig WX AZ I Iq ‘uorun qeq ,,% | SPS ER RES ee ee ee I ‘SI? 2% “7 "Tg Burqsng Suronpar ,,%4x,,V4 T “yg Burgsng suyonper uIX/AT "L'a Saydnoo ‘per ,, ATX, AT TT g SIP Gb Y% 1 sens epee ‘sotddra eso ZZ we ee ‘Tl ‘|g ‘$903, UVPeX 0X I Pins AMD EA tS 3S Oe ard r "EZ 49809] T ‘srt go-qqoomg € "ON “say z Tests sees eet sata poOal 498 T sees “OBA yousq 8,4sTuIqoBUr I Terese sega areA ayes suryuor WAL € Be ese “suoran pozraeayed WAL g “"" "Sl? Gp peztueares | 247 | sh re seers es s gaan nagnmamS Z/r a 92 ABW 9% ABI 9% API 9% ABI 9 API 9¢ ABW 9% ACW 02 ARIE 02 AFI 02 AB 02 £81 02 ABW 02 AeA 02 AeT 02 Ae 02 ABW 0c ABW 02 ABW gt Av gt Ae ot ABW ot Av oT Aer gt ABT gt AvWw pl Av FI ABT pI ABW FT ABW FI ABT FI Avy wr free ee eee Ce ee ee ee ee eee eee eee ee ee Peep Pamaee | Pere pane fae ze'T ‘ajdures ayy sdno aapea yorid 247 “Z0pT F dune diet eve I abo baeyene. | oes douse s. || alae eee af ees Ozi | SORE LOSE e ef Sater peat Og? Pett ee ee I ro m ,,9x,€1T | p eune a ieiogs gee. | nese || eeewe | vsers | ateaw | pias | quia | Retes | rae | eeesr | Gener | snes ge [pers Menem ene Pee soysniq qnios ¢ | $ oune . PG ea Mh SRN a Sa kte | eaetgaey SNe Peay oe eS I MRR A aaa ee e) Pont. \[ft se Sewsen tesa eerie sdouw “zop 4 P eune Beets tae dl aeceee f viene e P éeeges |) Seda PR Gknetead OFZ OR Ze Peete Peep ses 08°F aah to eeavoet < FUR oseoid Aueqry XX “Sq OF P eune 8 06 eres MER | pre ne S8'T | 06° 60° | 81°6T | 0O'ST | 28°42 | G09 | CO 7E ON YM aie, | Pee | sees | Ste8e |) dese | Marke | exes | Sasex | at eas, | Sees | etide saat | twee oaks 20>. | eee ++ -Zurgsng ‘par ,,TX,,%{1 T | 8% SPIN Partie dy |. yeast x All Kite |) savesSeate. Wh BGeseelde(l) Heese Ih wteeeeae [abd | |ll A ates Ggey. | see [eee wee foeeeee Gong: [Pra reses Suryoed xeg ,,86 xoq [ | 8% API sine e Tb Ae ges |! ais ee | ceeee Poceeee Preece [Ty Poceeee Petree tpg Hak | Fas Torsrersre sss grgysem worl 24 “zop [ | 8% ABTA Seone [i avexe | wsoes | seuade Fw deee |) tier] aaaeu: ||) as wee 80° nde 2th 80° te seeeeees s+ sgraysem wort 0 °ZOp T gz ABIL vagy: || Sea ; veeee [eeee feeeee | eeeee Poorer [trees Lgg: see | gg: Srereesssrss sgzgysem uot ,,8% ‘zop [ | 8z ABI tpever a ey | Sed eus of Bae at |) aeeare 90° 6 tea BRS % = Geren Spas iepaucaes trees fgg: ++ groysea ssels osned ,IGx,,84 “ZOP T 9e ABIN aavene |, Sotdne | Sass Hake | CFS eae |) mai 0z" ayanelen 29908 suguanee wees 02" ‘ S7oqsean ssv[3 asnes MIX, 3% *ZOp [ 82 AR dest ak) Gee stan sie eS ZO'L site ¥ a. alacant SS ae Se i paws 10'T adtyannso Pees 20'S srorsceesss-Surpoed syony, ,,84 xoq [ 8z ABI die Rit Ni ewe CHO | wl ee Uf) See ee Pe Bees Ee esha 09°2 ictamene tee ieiatiey # see 09°Z vrrrtesss ++ Zuryoed xeg ‘bs ,,3¢ xoq T 8z ABI sees, teen 1 weied Bb oiaee | eeees | aed eee baie 66'S G6'¢ sores | Og TL | Sungoed yooys optuvuneg ,,3¢ *pA:bsT | 8% ABI svete all tee [oma tt aema | Busea st eachaniae opt foc fee pees boos | oger. fcocenadera oxeg uoxig, 1 “on “sar OT 8% ABIL Geuae Nae eis PRRs es | | ak we || Steel” steps 00°6 raphe Lao | aint sp Heer | Qaee. |ptiekdeewe ktdi es eieoes <3 ahead “aaye 10} Suryoed urvoys ,FX,,14% “SQL OL | 8% PIN THLE | See ee PRO tee | ake 7 bee es CZ" Oe ko Sy a wee Ceres ae Go *safddiu *[ ‘gq 91048 ,,247X,,8¢ F 9z ‘ABTA 60° aden Ud eh Pe bana |) eink dh eee es ll eet TD stecaea egies ape ee ace Mma “a Sig ee 60° f Pea Dub Rieeemeday gates sojddra [ed qaoys AG Z 9% ABIL BI eH ee Uh ees ST cewewe Peewee | oetege |) eaves Pa hea | eee Be See mie a eeepc gl pete tenal py ets Posh ie 81 wf eee ee eee sejddra “es Wd Zz 9% ABI PS" coateig. |) sae: To apetee Neate ol) ewe Shiai rece, Po sees hse @ Bie o/b ere.) BA car) deceesssaers af ENS he FC" re ec rd soqddia [83 PX /S 9 9z ABTA 6g°¢ wax ol ween Raw ed. Tl 6 See Feet eee if Se aoe oy ae fy Sieve ie, eee et oy Eee |! ieemenera eg ay 6¢° ¢ eS ater, ee IZ edid *[e3 ue q43ue] T 9% ABTA ez" Lineal) seve | Geen sce ll oped) Stee || eeeeedll Ghee. 1 wkeawe | esa] seme) Sad eg || eee | ates s peep eek Seater Dera ee Tl? ‘183 ,,1X,,2 T | 9% 48 es: [iehten |) SAR | Reese [eee [aceite | ease cet | ene | teas oad Horan eey ieee Fg kee 2 Gar eesti te eee. 294 183 1 92 ABI 0Z Bee Wiatdoss le aitaate We oe ood OF ee Rates aL caries cP nee cen ek ee] SR es gi) ae See eee moe 20) eerily a] eRe aye) POR ae ab 02° a Sasa es ssurysnq “par [83 ul¥a@ z 92 ABI ol" Sag de Position Pd tae || eeaintar ho eae a | Skat i eae eae, | RS SL eee | aeRO Re a Pe Raa: ZL RAR gs ae ae suorun [83 wed id g 9% ASIN snjye1 | yueul ssur |spi0seqy -eddy | -dmbq | -pring jo | Ajddng | Ajddng | yuour | uorzeIa | sorrel paynqiy 04S | SOL Sur age jepising| [eH | 238M | 1098M | -dmbq| -ueH | -IXNYV | Jeog | “SIT | 4800 qsoy, | uy | ‘ost | -awee[D] -ureig |Zuyvey|Suyvey] soy JOyeAIpy|OIOOTA | ITLog ON | [BIOL uaMNde A| uondiuoseq a43q ‘TT 20V| OL “29V] 6 20¥ | 8 99V | *Z °99V | °9 O9V |G “OOW | “F OOW | “G “9OW | °Z “OOW | “TOW woryNniysiq, LIQ HYOX MEIN—INVIG saquoogy 40 TIVAL ' ,K Burgoed oxtueutseg yooys [ | gz ounr “sdno 10} 83 yond uw 2OP T | 7% vune nrtrssr sss ye sspiq ,,¥¢ T | PS oune bas eee 2 sss-goq TT | pz oune teres [teers Tze cree aig --ysnq “par ,,1%x 24 p | $z aune sense Poeeeee |g: aines 8 Boot See oieaiddie-r ek KET #z oune wees wees 10° mies ee vires sede "T “@ 8X /AT T pe oune aan lappeg | [Seats Resa keer pro] aya “Sqr og | #z auNe : : : vee : Sees Sr Po" vayes pee “aio SEA sse[s o8ned | 841 x ,,% “ZOPT | 7s unc on tee : se fice eee Lies tee . 18° Pe [Qe . “sesse]3 aBnes 71 X ,,% “20P T | pe oune see ae . wee sea . . wees eee awe ¢Q° . a “qyopo Ar9UIa Q “ON ean T re oune owe 3 . . . sae . ee JP eeu ne . ewes wae 00°F Seed NE Fee ew eee *-Zurpoed xey xoq | pe oune meee 1 eee gay |e ee soayea dund pooy weld ,% 8 | So UNE . ie Sky ; eek, ay uessuas_j|t easy seas webeecets SREe8 | gang. | [setts cena ess Suryoed xey “bs 8% xoq T ez eune os ee as Sw . * # ‘ : . see . . . oe 09°9 : Sais 4 h-awesebe sdno JOYYBI] ,,9 *ZOP T ez oune ae Sea A eyed fe Tae seas ine Seas eEeasees . . eens ZU ‘ ejddiu Ta ex WAG L | €g une enee . . : . . ae . wee . se . oe ee eee eres OFT 6S Rvreece we a “oh -oeTpPYs "yes T ez eung oe oo eee 2S oe ween. essa eee weeee weno ween Rasa eee 69° Freee sesseessss ss -TQqOOTB POO "[BS | ez oun see ales wiecebers eae Sia tayen® OL'T sees eeeee en aee see 0L°T -duroo are Suryoed are Hz x VT “sqi Z ez eune : tee tees . tae So Se eS Oop “duro aye Supyoed wrea9s Mex Mt -sqrz | eg une : sees 00°F EEG ee ea ae suryoed xepy maz xoq T ez eune Logg frit jo auasos9y “1qq T | ez oung . eae oe see ie . . . a a ee ee [ro auigue ‘144 T &% eune ke eae ae ae ° wees $3" es" €3° €3° 00°S €3° ed ere ee eee 00° OT EOS 0 ES WRN Ea [0 rapuryso ‘T4901 ez oung vee Peres Pees | gg ey leg |zet |eot | got | ze9 | got seeee Petes [ pgegy fececterse ences 98 ON 422M ‘| Z6T "2969 ‘ON Sdurel Apvor-10Aq “zop-4¢ | ZI oun ‘| 08'S [seHeyeq uaysdun, Apvai-19aq “2zop | | gf eune ; “Ths 9qsBem op a[eq [ | ZT 9une ae : pene | eae tees : 3 ssvjs o8nes og x ,,8¢ 1 | ZI eunr a ee Peele 6s" wee ee 82" 8s" 8Z° 8s" 69'°T 8Z° a RREES gee pcb MES MOE Hie BGT OE ZI oune ee ee 6I° 6I° zz" zz" IZ" 09°% | 19% | 0c es re rere ee “9g ‘ON YOM | gee | coe | ctzee | ene capes [weeds | soaae | seres | enon | vaste | mame [ate | gange [asd ginete meres s oBTTeYs eSuvio [es T IT IT 96 96 9¢ 9z 96 1S IG IG IG 1% TS * IG TG * 1G 1G FI ‘ydag “ydag ‘qdag “ydag ‘ydog ‘dag ‘sny ‘any ‘any ‘any ‘any . cme a ee ae ee ee i Beaae yp ey se inte f woe P dees 6ozZ yo" 6oZ po sessu[s odned ,,Z1 X ,,% “2OP T | FZ “qdeg wee Peewee Pee Pee ee Pee eee Powe eee Pee eee fice eee Powe eee Poe e eee Pw enee soz joc 80°Z . -odid SSB1q £Avoy B14Xx9 WAL WZ LS “adag ne See time P saoih kag: HE Ge extaten PBs eae bts IR aes [teeny Ss IZ" wee | cee ee fo cee ee Powe eee IZ’ kee 8 the sqyna poystuy pus $}]0q ‘ ex, 34 9 aA “ydag Meet: A ete | os bas | Saewere | ekee ae | ares e9°2 aigapier? fe weg sisnepdi ca wee e9°2 ‘s++> + Burqoed ornerpdq ,,% Xoq T Zz “ydag Bg | RAs | ARR [oles see] eras @ Pp ageaes | deena b wetece ed Vee ee | ceeees of eae e | enema 6 Of sree & OR. [ores $9119998q ApBor-10Aq CIL ON 9 | 22 “ydag ie 16° hae eo . ¢ | saaee | mace a Eases oP ests ll one as ee) eee Gf ee a gie 162.) [Pee ss Ysnig yseanozTga WAS I ZZ “adag ane . [ap etee) P ectien aes ame || weer ey o evtatape ! Saale %, Gey Peete GLI ces ‘sodurep see IO} ayok DATBA ord [ 2% °4deg one | awvtos Perea EF a ae FF 2 ace ef meres ZL° Piattey x ee ee: see eee ee Zhe pene ee eee eee eee ees QIOTIAAOS ploy Oy ssoyseam saqywa, “zop % | 7% -3deg oe oe wae | Reese Ol) Sdeweny Powe eee [eee a Gl Seda | wets Se | Ce eee fl ooedeeie A aoe eee ger ieetee Qe ie ereene eee adid ssBiq “AY "xa it % ZS “ydog el eeve dl seem. | hee Pap eae, || lees oe oft ne ee ee gee occ Of ‘ON YOO eee Pewee Po wee ee J wenn en J caves . GE | PBS Seem LRRD Tp hs Ras 1)" Chae je See G6". Pe etetake sons surqsnq “per WAX T 0Z “dag eteeea | wee | ete, | wae e b 4a see, Pare & G.'e AG eee oeere es PF. cng a eS qno-jnod “AQ]o 10j edol Jaq] 43 SL 0% qdag pee Pee eee fee eee Pee eee Peewee Jo wee ee J wee ee Il° see ecard 3 sees IL’ tertseessess sss > sgaorsgsaaq—o ‘sp ¢ 0z ‘3deg regh occ foc foe we Ole #S° g° 86° ast | ooet | sere | oc pe oe 84 cc 6 ON Y22M fegeae 2 aaenon eH eee ee - ake de | tee | eetere el Rae Ee Of See Z0° eee ei ee Z0° 1 * SS revere: wise, “Surqgsnqg ‘pel WAX, 84 T Il “‘qdag Cttewe |) wreaks 1 eee ae Pf secre b eee eae | Aosta ne | oa wee | Raibace £ 0002 eee ¢ nee 00°02 fie Se yee *yeooreya auoq @SIBOD “Wy “no OF Il 4dag didoacactey |]. earerae Pave e ya | Seeaete ey | eae [eee eo ||) cee | caren: 06° auieer Hid wee 06° srrttsoos > -sanu sswiq gInos I 9 II ‘3dag igcesas | eee: | esi |) were cake | eed | dowd ed :| aie ep. teste Pees [ge bectte rte ssee shes sgmazog OUTyOBUL sstiq pvey yUNs saqyun0d _[x,,9¢ OS | IT “3deg iene | sobteaia PF tee cin | acme ese DP baat | ween a Yl eee feet oO 40'S sleet! & a a 10'S ae 2 8 es, “por sseiq WX A sqy3ue, iS z Il “qdag VSI ea wa | veomaran OD eae oe a eee ce Re ee ee ee ea OP ee ee OE RRR RRR EE. oe DS 00ST Ce keke He s10}0Ul wW1Be}S 10y saqol3 “zop I Il ydag bee f Pee 1 Gece 7) 2h oe rom es ae 8° gs" €3° e3° 00's 3° aes of a eee 00° OT a eS Ree OT we a ae: qto Jepurpéo ‘19q I Il ‘qdag exgam | Mean. |i Seoe [eens I fae oe | eas: Uses org foci Pee Looe [octet no emiiue “aq r | rt deg 2a | were ed fea OW fare ed eae et ob oe ee 6¢ . Il ae ee hes 2s at ee St Ss 6¢ . Il 4Stou, yse suryoed 24 ZL “BI qysuey] OL T Il “ydag sme eae £ asiees & é . eee ay ieee o> ® 00°% we wee eon tree 00'S 77555" *§107BAVTO 1OF dno 19]} 89] ul T Il “ydag snyer | yuour | sZur |spiovey sjooy]| -eddy |-dmbq | -prmg jo | Ajddng |Ajddng | yueur | woe | soler yooyg | ostyy | = Sur a8e jepisino!| [eH | 1078 | 109eM | -dmbq | -seuen | -[axny | Jofiog |peqynqr4} aL | uy -Ueag[Q | -UIeIq |Suneey|SuNeey] 9oT JOyeagpy|OIy9[q | Jog -sIq. uaMnoe A, ON | 4809 uordiioseaqy ayeq “TLV OL 29 V] 6 PV | 8 “99W | °L “20V | °Q “D0V |G “DOW | “H OOW | "E “9OW | “GB OOW | “T “OOW TH3O.L TOTNgIystq ALIQ HYOX MEN—INVIG sauoogy dO TIVE, GS" 61° SSA ‘sess -usniq ured 48g ,Z T Sa ae eee qsniq qured yep ,,F T RSE ASASNE eNOS ahs euudrs YUING Ud T “**-@rqoo MOTE Wed T cast Pee] e3tGM “AT OG Qt PRGA ease, pea Th wnyeydse yovyq [en ¢ See ee ee eee auyseqeye aq Boy I Pe eee Ss one eS ++" -ggrpteo ‘Z0p T "++ (pozYS1eM107UN0D) I9AV] ZOEY T astra Deg encase repartee qnu supa oned T SGN REET SEN: Foes grgatpa pus so[purds 441m syauU0g ayo[duIOD ¢ “****"-syoog pu SMaios Zuryoed yas SEES SN surmoed jejyour ouyng sq] G RASS AEN suseiqdeip 7e4SsoulIeyy F Se eae S}oyses 4e}sOULIIy} “ZOp 54 PS =e O4SBM 9UITM 9Teq T 3, eeu aeR aes ah ON 4994 09'F 69°8 && pet)” “Buayood yo0u puny ,,34 saxoy g Sait b See eee ‘auiquediny “[es Zz ace ee ae eNO R “syoopped [jews Z f°" SpPatys aaoge 10s s9]0q ,,f X ,% F eee ee es spjetys uorsuedxa ,,% fF i 4 eR aee 8e & eee “rapmod dvos “1qq T ey Sa Epes sersess sss aang dno ro “4b z I “**** "$9989 10}BA9TO IO} SMAIOS SSOIB T Seinen Ment yeahs aqsBM OITYM 9Teq | a Uo punol ,8¢ 499} OZ WOME 4BB ,,T X ,,14 409} OF Ei Sippeein “gured wnyyeqdse yoryq ‘[8s I LEP a iia: so TH OAT yaa PRD ‘SysIp SA[BA SULA ,,24 “Zop 34 RTS ik OS EE ORI gee “To qepurpAéo ‘Taq I eign 72% £4 bee “ [fo aut3ue “[qQq T “Bupjond 2 ayuBUlleg , im yaoys | O000T-.0 StoyeuIOULIEYY “ZOp T see eee . eee sdund ‘OBA IOJ Buryovd ureoqs %/(7 x ST “sare COOCOOO OOnRREERENDE » Oo ° ‘20 490 “PO "490 490 “90 “490 ‘PO ‘PO “qdag “ydag “4dag OHHH HH HH HS BBS FZ “4dag FZ “ydog FZ “ydeg ¥z “ydag FZ “ydag 7 ‘adaq OT ae €C'F eee eee wee eee ae 2 os Ahan | wee ge pf Fe eee | ae ees CZ eee aes 66°98 CAA EC CEES Sy “°F ON YOM see eee cQ'T we . ny ae we . . . . . eee SEE D SSGS S|] Wee s co'T RE eRe ak sce ee ‘+ gouo1m AdyUOU |Z T LI ‘990 vee fesse | zg: Saat uamend | Vanes ef eaten |) se GMa a 7 pak he | aes ae ptt -soyouarm Sayuou 9 Z | ZT ‘390 eee eee 0Z'T ee eee ae . . . . . oe . eRe Bie Seaee . 02’ I wee srs youre adid OUWILI], w&8LT LY 490 vee [sees | gg: aaa | a eedies | oes eof eeatesse lh 4 5 aes paz. | eoares | aatee 0Z" “srs most ,,g 10} nu papmuay qT | ZT “390 a2 ae 99° eee sean ane Rit ae ween . eee Seek bw eye . 99° * WOST]YS ,g Joy uid puy Sutids sues; T LI ‘290 Ge a a cee eae, & eee ee ete ee aee ee eae es eee a ee a. a eh . See [Se wee see ZG" EDS oa Te SATBA aQoys SuLUar ,,% T 91 ‘0 GC? eee os ea eee . oe eee wee oe % ¥ +a Sas ROPER Selb wis . os: ee eee splouad *zop T OL “po a pais Ween | ese sage a | So 4) aasnsraboo) | aut aeen | ater ae I se coetes tes bey: sesee Lge [ereee etree eee eees Burqny saqqna 3p.¢ | OL “390 oe aa & eae . . ous . . . . . . Ol’ pe . . te - Sahat PES eee Ol’ CLE DSES Pa ® suid 4yds WoX PA *zop Z 91 “po sae weg ero wees Oe |) eee S . se ee hie 4 eee ee eee FL’ ee ae ee ee ee ¥1° joscecromlaa tet Meee ens OL ‘'~pO ering a 2he8||\ gees I aneeer | ames || eaten | eens atl Saeed . ehhades Weare | Adee Nhat : “r+ Surqoed joo “py ,,Yg XOQT | OT “PO sain gorar f{.o0 2. RE Buryoed xey ,,F~ XO T | OT “}90 tee eee eee # . . . ete teense eh wee eee see ween 0¢'z see 0S'z Pet Dera Be REE ee Gee oF 10yeMSer soduep “JW 2p “yf soy swBeryderp 1% | 91 “0 ST y pose zTy vr | Lee GS 82° Seo | GPT | LL O8'ST | TOS | 666 |" 08 9¢ | Peri vor ST ON 172M oe eee ee eae eee ES See Me ie . RESD |. Be Ce 00°83 e 18-8. dl, UN Mh eee ee. 00°8 Cae Sos eee we Bae p10 auisue ‘199 I 6 ‘290 wae eee ree ewe | 2s Ss ar Fe ae | we wg tree wie sO] as slates ae ee 6L° oe es 62° SEELE HE ESS Bart ee Hg ureyo Ajayes yaay Oe 6 90 ie Mi ke nee io eee leg ; 9¢°T chee |- aie are ayeve. ares se fgg zp occ aayea aqors suryuar {TT | 6 “390 fee II) earecsiche [Sens cine | antes ‘ sere PET eee | eeeee | eeees 1 gg: Bae | ow ae 90° [ttt syn ysnor ,84"z0p z | 8 “390 re fesse | gg: beeen | Seah | opwiate baa ahaa Hee] a ESCO | goees eae ||, Ges gg: fitter iteteseeteees pao youqt | 6 “490 see eee ee . oe . . eae . se . eae . . . . e2°% Mae ee we Benes . e's a oon “WOIL ey oat x WA 4a0} OF 6 ‘290 +o ays * . . eee ae . . oe . oe . ne ae ee 62° . 1 Be eit | ce eee 6L° ee wodl punor PS 49293 OF 6 "990 L eee as, aaa a. ete . oe eee ee @ ares eee . Sk: Lee ERS Sat | es he LU es Nes: sofddiu ‘apes 548 X ,,241 Z 8 ‘po ee sefddiu “ayes gx 241 € | 8 “90 arto fcr pce pee caeoes (|| asec: | Bees il oeee Bias eis . nels Legg [oosettsessteee ee suormn y1¥q .241Z | 8 "30 sojddiu "Tg 247X111 | 8 “PO U eee eee . eae . oe ee eee . eae oe oe . oon eee ee ® © Bere . G42. | #5 4 ae . 1) sejddiu "Tg 4% ,1 1 8 ‘490 satddia "Tg ,FX TZ} 8 “PO 0° sly 1% siepiete: le cee toty A gansta lb Goeewer | Meena ll ekgveree | Veit eGeade

| LL aye te GZ'6 “99SBM OTM 918 T | 6T “AON OF’ meee 6. he Oe Wee oe See ge | 6 aaa & *eegie | Toate e W gare. ee ee ee ee ee ae ee OF’ it Rh ig s¥sIp OATBA surjuer uA “zop &% 61 “AON epee | wean e fe akaew | ce eee ¥ ce: ESSER | Weeds | eee bat | eats e PO areas. (|) oe eee ce: ee ein. SYSTP e4ywA 9483 usudeyy WAG 61 “AON 6G | ee ote | weer e | Stee Peetee Dee [| cee | eeee Peewee [i aweua | sates 6z" sais “-soptyq aves yorq Zp T | 61 “AON ere feat oes § eee | Aa ae ee BO eueenn 09°9 aes fF Sree | te eae 2 aor Rae 09°9 **sdno aq} BI] WO ‘zop T 61 “AON, Ree. Bee a Dee eee ae Beer OO Seteoareram [f) “ee a 2: aw 2S SI’ aie a SI’ uormn ‘J -g wed ,%% 1 61 “AON 2 ott ct: 82° 69° LL: Lb LL gee | OL | 22° Pins ||: essere A gf ON 20M tr fcc freee Pree pce eee [ices Peeeee Pee ees eos | [aspera potas | oeneeace We ccc saysnaq qnaos -zop 3% | gt ‘Aon 60°¢ Pe | CARES FT Seat ke Rem, Pe ewe ef ereteree, WE geek f) aewrarardt ae Pt aes atelaray 60°¢ Pe ee ee Be Ge tee: & sdow ‘zop T el ‘AON, ste Se a0 eee F aes PP ba saw fo anaes 938° Teese fF raya | eee | Ff ee 98° 2 SOE Ne a a Re SMOI9S se] 8,4 ‘zop Zz el “AON, gee Wt EDL go. lee Ais Paseaincn aye. | Gemit i Segente ata ee | nagone G0" i ae ee apddra esoyo “T “g 1 T lh he i pmo ‘ajddia 4aoys ae, ‘Eg vil . gI "AON, pra e Ps ea: 79° eee Eel es 7 eee A PAE ea eee . 9" “7 **‘gaTea yoaqo Suras suryuor | T T ET “AON OF S-kaDe OE a eae OF GAS ee eo A ee ee DL PR See ae . eo ae er an ee a a a ee ee OF’ wee eee sy¥sIp OATBA suryuer , T “Zop &% el “AON, OF’ eee bee | meets i £eRke |) ee kee 7 oe eee Nea eee | araceear | Sos TP Sea ee f ateacessd OF’ eo S¥sTp BA[BA suryuor at *zop wy eI “AON 0g’9 PI A PRES OD eee Re Se ae ek ee fede, OE ew ce wee i antvale | erecae ef) acme: 0¢°9 Ve) RS 2 it yeeqye Aiowa ieMod yoo} I eL “AON, Ret. || eeieaeaye ee LL LL LL LL’ zor lap foot fee 67g lott aqsea ayia a[eq [ | eT “AON ieee fh Seog [cee ae | eles PSS eae | Ae ees cg: wee aay getew eg: so der £aparyy Jo} o[purds ssed-£q [| GT “AON 5 einer A me Tare ak OE eae A we aoe ee | ae eee: Pe eee 80° wee 24. 23:2. eee 80° vrreesssess Jaded pues Q ‘ON oainb T ET “AON snyer | yuew | sZur |spi0seyy, -eddy |-dmbq | -prmg | jo Ajddng | Ajddng} yuour | uoness| sorrer pewnqiy yo0ig | sjooy, | Bur ase jepising| TeH | 193eA4 | 109eM | -dmby] -uey | -[ony | Jopog | -siq 480g saE | Ul | “Ostyy | -WeelD | -ureiq |Suynvey|Suyeeqq] 07 IOPVASTA/OLIOTy | Joplog ION | [BIOL unnoe A woydioseq eq TL 20V] “OPV 16 29W | 8 09V | 2 00 | -Q *00W | "Gg ‘O0W | “PF 90W | “Eg “90W | *Z ‘DOW | “1 ‘00V TO NGLystq ALIN WHOT MAAT—ONWTT saan TA wiwtt “981 00°24 LT FFT 02 'F £0'SIT eerste TWLOT, £8" "G9 ON 420M x 8% 6E° 8's So OTT 69° ‘+++ gidures ax] sosny ‘dure-9¢ *Zop T RES *gAoqge Io} ssutids -zop 3% “**saayea dund Tee “zop % * Suppud Sqr J 12k 982N8 T “pe qopuyso T99 T ; “HOA OCT epaieay Alte Daa; be eeees sess sso T@ Oar yoo Ape iE Surped jeyour euyng ‘sq] OT ap 2 ee ew *-ysnaq qured yep WAPI Eee *ungyeqdse YorTq ‘sped G ‘adid "I “a 94 Sa809] g ‘sl? “I'd ,8% OF ee ee es ee ‘aupoed xep ue xoq I Oe SSR ergs ow “euljoses “s[es Z eta " [lo eursue "144 T 09 ON 490M *$MOI9U “QT T “did ‘I'd a 34 sqy3u9] Z Sean Bqeis suryuer ,,84 ¢ le T'a 849 “-supjoed oqyyuBULLEg EX, PEP Y2YS T ‘supped xe ,84 xoq T *so11eq4%q AIP nays _speaeeay CTL ON ‘zop % *“Burqny raqqni ond ,,% 43 Z SAT ESS “aurqny aeqqne: aand PL WS staraverdh as “sued ysnp ¢ vrerrcrsss ss custod aysed sue ‘zop ¢ Pe ER SESE GS “ystjod pmbry suvo 0) 9) x%K Derren et OAT 499M emia de eee eRe sqeqo 70D OT “ON 002 ‘99q 00, 09d ‘00 09q 00 DP AAAAIM ‘00q ‘o0q. ‘90qL 00 ‘00d. 09q 09q. aq. ‘00q. UCD UD UCD LED AD UD AFD LD LCD FS “AON VS “AON FS “AON VG “AON FG “AON ¥G “AON FG “AON SG “AON ¥G AON FG “AON FG “AON FS “AON 0Z “AON 9 SNS P eeatece £ SZ a ane oe aS ea ee 29°69 . ST LL pers ss sess ss 9899 OAT yaaa ee | tLe e [| thee [bates I8'Z Spepes |b s al genet Fed aes ‘ 2 [occ 10}0UI UBy IBTI9O Z pus [ ‘SON UO spuNoss 10}; 480} pus 914978 UI S10JOUL Yx9 F UO saysniq [[Bysuy | TZ “ueBe ee fiw ee Po wee ee Pewee Po wee ee wee Powe eee Powe eee ep wee ee Powe eee 29°69 eee 29°69 * IaTloq I ‘ON @ATBA uwMOp-M0Tq aredayy IZ ‘uee saat | S2ts 5) saeags geug | oc pcre Pov wires tase | ppt ag |f Renee EN esa g agar yan) bistaeeee? [tape a3 ahlh. Lene Qe ee | Pere | Stee | oats | acer | sucess | cease | vaca | ype yg | vadeinn os smth agngir genom quag, ‘soysniq pue JOzyeyNUIWOD [MeYyIIAG | FI ‘Uee eeyees | owe Posada i] chaste. gost | occ: 9¢°2 vee | gpg + Henin sa enews wy ape HOB AT Pa P ee Oe eed Ba ees Fae eae ee OP ie a eee. Tat haw e 4 eahetop | Beeagw | 450% 99ST o > Slay & “ureysAs [eusis “Aga [neyI9AG 8 ‘ue aatgue) | aealng i sande fossa Naased Mae wea | SERPe | Goad Wee ns 99° ss | gg-g te idieieninie nace en Pe socnh go rt ig pag § SI9TIog WaaM4oq sjayoos dure] mousy | 2 ue ante wep | azett} ccc | cc Pe Pc [cee pee Hagin g ON yoo 18° 6F 18 6F Coe | eee es | ae f Sea eee | see ee fee ee OR SRG se FL 66 fees sumoo1 dumd “mM pus “ay ‘SOA[BA Pel WB9}S 8G “ON “WW PUB “ST ZI X ,,9-S | 93 °C see a eR eae OF 29 wee eG S He les eo Speers $e Re ie OF '29 ‘aIaYMas[9 PUB PIBOg [NB I3aAO syqsry b% ‘aad snqe -reddy| quour | ssur |sprooey] Ajddng qyueul | UOYela| sole HOS | Soo], | Sur | -dmby | -pimg jo WeH] Joye | A[ddng|-dinby | -wey | -yXny| seplog | payn SOT | Ul | OSI | ava | ese fopisyng |suyvay] soy | aye | 104 [oroefq| soTIog -qi4siq umnde Aj -Ureiq |sunvey] ~BAITT ON 4809 uondiioseq a4eq “TL29V/0T “99F] 6 (PV | 8 HIV |Z “DOW | 'Q ‘D0W |G ‘DOW | “pF ‘99W |e ‘90W |Z ‘DOW | *T ‘oOW [840L UWOHNIysTqg ALIQ HHOX MEIN—INVIG sauoogy «oO TIV]T SUIVdau JO LSOO LNV1d SQYOOTA AO TIVH SLSOO UlVdaTa NO VLVC AaTIV.Laa vere [oceeee Peeeee Peeeee [eeeee Peete Peeeee Pieters | ggtag forcsce pocseee pcre oosg |cccc I “ON 429M 2993) xeoktee dae Gere 4 iad | wae f AR Ged LE cee 00°€% ees le eae eer 00° €2 + 4% ior ee ee ee Peewee g ‘ON ‘sug iojyeredas jo opis yova yoysed mon | pI ‘adv S siiah | awsete | keeeme | sedee | aeme | eeece Weta | eee “|P egos meio tyg [ccc “OL ON 499M, fede ae Il senéie |e ees veeee Pees Peres [eters [eeees Pa pig fesse Lg peg fesse s+ +9 -g -ony saptog zaao sqyutof sant | Te “seIT Saree eran ans Water (aoe sees Lopey verse Peers Pggegp foccere foot fore per pce OT ON 499M, tinea | weetate | autre LY’ I westeé 9 cece | Ramee fF Cae ee F eee e f ee eee we ae LPI 10700 uBy re] Z ‘ON spunoi3 @AOUIOY 8% IV 1GSae@ 7 Sehes sh SERB gos RBS eho dh eee BP ccs gag" eee 00°21 cnr € | ee he Ab deci 00 ‘ZI er eulsue SST[IOD sjod ysep Uo sesseiq Ysnq pus slogey | FZ ‘IBN iasae vere Pees Lager booed occ] ct borer} ct | exco6 | oo | egcgeet cer conn yoo eeeene PF eeaee eee ee ea ee 00'022 eee ae ete eee eae ed eels 00° 022) ° ** auTqoVuUL BUI} V19B11Jo1 UI S[IOo uea9 02 “IBIN cavers | oceans. Nh aeade. | execs Pyaar aaree || aes lees “+ | gp-o6 | 775+ | €2°06 ['¢ PUP T “soy siopiog Jo sooeusny ouNOy | GT “SEH eS a oer 9 BEERS A were | Be Dee OO Se KD eee OF 61 eee eee ee ee a oa OF’ 61 aoyeorpar ouystTe vawa3s 10qRL arveday LI “IBN annie | meade Wl caodese Gree (FOr | Rete | memes | Sees | ees saan |) weirs 00'#1 oeeard -Un09 Ire UosuyOr e9S oalBA MVYIOAC | LT “Ie sities | Sve e wf) Sereda, | verse if meee Ise eene ori) occ de bee Lore Leora fo er on 498M meade | eeaes nce | xece | gone | ered Pigtee | estts | tees | ateee | aaa | Gage [een ets bs cee Rennes ene omipagse ‘ARTA 91980 “Jodo ,,3¢ 300} Zep TeIsUl | 8 TEIN Gorm | Wetee | wees | tose | stone weeNG, | su cad. | maeenes |e aeae fe omareas |b a hasas | saarves Gog [oT ONT yaa eos {co Sized | anata | seta () gestnes pias | Bee | aes instore HW. -aeyter |) sree’ go'g foo ysep s,se0u1Sue syy3y z esa | 2% “Gaz ge teass cesse | ooaee | papery | weene | peste tatene | Gamay | seeds | siete | amor | gyegy lene ce erence enge pir apaay same | Sees | eee i) Sees | rats | wma eres pots ogo} occ tcc poe oo'gg [oc ‘e “ont ourdug jeqIeAQ SI “qeq sree | earned, | Snes ahs ates Zr | mete | eee | ees seed Pree 6 ute || eens Shu “FeT]Od UI 10}0UI UB} [ “ON Woy punols saomsy | ST “qaq Sages wanes | aaa |wnens | seme | aeten Pare | dren | eee d eaige | oo20> | gange beeesces seen 92 ap cour aaens see aaa Ne #. sree cee a Seer 4 oe Psa aa ¥ ba Se i ten ee 00°0¢ KES BS 00°0¢ sio]t0q aAy ‘sioop yd Yse pus sovUIMy L qoy dates |b apensss || skeen | we ess seve [rere | ppegz gy creee [cere | ceeee [sees | gprgg [ore teense soe Onn gaaad 5 F Bier ' |! Heeseoxsaans |b enchecosse We aemseere sete log | oope | ccc: | peeg doc ove +68 ON YOM so [ acme h wesar | sew hee | deme anaes. [aeons cig . verte | ggg a dome e2 tb egeg [rvcrrsteee vival 33-4 pee gouengut ppy Avays yunoooe JojoU yyeM ACTA] Q ATE us as sa |e ard He ameca: Paes k eke Hi poke e esa) aad srieg} occ fc ‘ QI'4g | Moos ouLSua UI yMoII0 4104s Ireday| ¢ Ane sel wee || soea-| eeeee fl area | oxaas || syeiss : ooe Haagen | ee be ll seuaae oor |occ: or (occ WOOL Japlog Ut s}qSq stedey| 7 Ajne ee wee fw e ee Powe eee Pee eee Fee eee J wee e en | wees . . wee ee [wees $2 6F ane ee “6P see siepeoy qoTtoq ul sdutuedo asolo. g Aine $8," | eee Hi Saas) Heese Sh Aer dt ctu lees Sone, IE Se aed cess ope [oc fe [oe ae A2]2 G pus | ‘SON SeATBA yoTId ut sroUT] sseig] T Ane : ise. [sesso eqiaers | oeeae | eeeames | sank. | seameiee, Pieces a erog} occ dc grog (cc 96 ON YO2M a 2 Wire 2 ae | Seeds ol eee | ewes | ieee P 8a ed rest we fw eee CL OF ee task | so ee cl “0g te eee sdumnd pee z pus I ‘SON, W2eZ GABA SHUT] YSnqei pus suid MeN] ZI oune wise La ceaar | Seoeeml Gane welt loc Lpeog toc dre Poe | reese foc 9g Onn y98M . Se. ee Ge | a EES seteceraize 18°22 ate | saeea | wee ees Pek ae Yara eae) fam eres 18°3S ae ee Se ee De ee ee ee ae: qovur “SLI 4B syqst] F Joy “oye ‘syMpuoo [Jeyeul] g sun she ss et Nl aes | means ‘ edo | aac | eave peog| occ fcc pce peog [occ ¢ ‘ON “tax ‘spunois IOJ aInyVULIe pus pey 4S9} pus seysniq ysn{pe ‘1038ynuIUIOD puLry| g eune asamnom [apes | cases | banase | Moog are [P Seteensgs egg [occ pce Pores fee Laggeg bcc gg cone 999m te op) Sees 1 2 FP ere Se. FeO | eee PP Rea fo ee ee fF eS CZs Vale P 6a eee fs ee ee Tw eee GZS eee ee sduind 1078Aa|9 10} spnys ssviq 9 0% AB ere |e ee arene ee esctrm eerert me meet om | ieemer cowl occ fe be beer boc ee on 188M aes Woes: PT aoerare e Yl) ceceaat” Ph we eee 2 Y eee of eer Fe ree cE" IP Yee ee PF eae Deco ee cb" Ir ne ‘ON suq DATCA ayjo01q3 ut ques MONT eI ABI wpercy ||| edo |i eseae Weed ea see | eae ; seven Peres TP ggeg fetes | gg foceeste ss er oar yaad ’¢ | Men £ 2428 1 Maegan TY Seer | eee ae fp ieee | Seok 4 & C66 | ee ey J whens BD aa eae eS} Chae co’ F PET BE RE Se s]00} aig OM} aredoy BS “idy snye -reddy | yuour | sur |spiooay] Ajddng queur | dons | sale yoorg gjooy,| Bur |-dmbq | -pring |jo [eH] 103% | Atddng | -dmbq | -seuen | -yany | Japlog | poyn he by ‘ost | -weazQ | 988 jopisyng |Sansoy] eof | J07eA, | 10} lolnqoaTq| JopIog -quysiq| 4809 I umnov,| -ureiq |Sun8ay ~BARTA JON | [BIOL wondiiosaqy ayeq “TRO V/OL 22V] 6 O9V | 8 OO |Z “OOW |G “DOW |G “OOW | “H OOWV | “E “OW | °F “OOW | “T “OOW woRNGIySIC 89'S 89'S 89°8 89°€ 13°SE 48°96 18°98 L3°S€ 66°18 GS" 8S PLE 48°78 0g°924 L488 OF 8 Freee eee esses sg ORT YDOM ‘*-guisue ¢ ‘ON “Ysnq por uoysid T Terrence ss 6m oar 999M vee eens nese qoor _— UL S}UN BZuynYSI] Meu [[eysUy You eles Bh “ON YOM eae Rea AMG bites raey qowge[o TINNOvA TI ayeid opyeq aredayy Coe ae ee ee Oe ee ee saoy, aly G qredayy dare see ayeny: It ON YooM AST Z “ON BABA ULCUI OUl[eI pu’ 9]qQ~Bd ‘AOS MAN “****-g0q aig T pue seoq yse Zz areday 99" 96 “Oar yoo 06°9T og'9 yoyays sed sv sayouarm [9948 Z @ ‘ON Je]l0q sepddiu Surjoeuu09 ut youg oY TT 48 ON Y99M 9 IT PRES ie $3808 |} WOPBUIYIION IO} YOUSIM 4BasS BATA T 06 °FT 08° FT GE ON 420M 06° FT 02° FT isles BERS GRADY TRY F pur ¢ “son S19 [10q iagaidia suoeuu0D Ul sug €9°9T 49° 461 "BG “ON YoOAL 99°F L0°GI g9°T g8° LST)" Tr 8st 99°F 240°GT "HE 08 * 19 PNG TIN} T 9xBYY Sk dae S PAGE ey ole T ‘ON ‘sug [RBYIEAG ‘'p pue Z ‘I ‘s8uq sjod ysep uo saarea yooyD sores sss sss "s90y aig Z UO sapstq MONT “IaTIOq g “ON ATBa Ayoyzes syutol Meuey GZ “0 Ot “490 & "0 T ‘#O 92 “dag 8% “ydag 9 "ydeg g ‘ydag 6z “Sny aI “8ny 2% Ane 9% Aine ez Amne ae Aine 1% Ajoe : Se | Satesecets Sree spitéeae || oesene | Serene Hf gwawer [eara'sae. || siectede | arasae Tt mance [oso DE TALT| 1 erent ee FF es es 110, eget pc fc pee 61°29 gee il aac | ase ee ll eae. | ante avis [ade theyg |r 29 “ON YOOM . CZ . T wee Lee eee Pw eee Pee ee Pw ee ee wee fw e wee Peewee Pw e J wee ee PL we eee CZ . T ee ee eee wOdt SuULIapjos aredayy Il ‘eq : eae |h aeons ag2ae || emome ar ee Gainy | aes greg ce 1O]OW Wey 01498 “M “Sg oInyeuIe pueqeal pue ssuLveq MeN |g ‘00q caagey | neean [ome | aaaace | waeiees || aces oe loc pc Pee Pot Lage [cece rg oar 92m einges : cgatese Ve veers [sees | aeg [sree [evens [eee 2 0g Pp |* ‘zeyeurouLI0Y} 19}eM yoy UL eqn, MeN} ge -oaq Sidgatae oS eeeie: ff ekeniptas Wt) es oon. [ aenecrens ooo |ogoti ccc fc fee | ee | agag [oer one 00m oo 2 Samer Po eene | «enete | vy eaes | eae | es cae | waters 00° 9 sees Ch eR TE ee Ee DP ee [a ae as 00° 9 1 EN SS Se REIS, 2 Oe aOR & dund asnoy e818] UO vad BAVA [NVYIAG | CT “AON GRE lo Be rere sta. fe acre aba: [te sige? (|) eee ea 08°91 seamed Te ae ee Vl ee bee | es ote 08°9I ee “ae I “ON SIOAI] Suryeiedo [nvyIeAGQ ZL “AON, pisetay |(Meaiea|) peeeey.| Ghee | ucsaw dl ae eas Temes : Sy dl $haeaes (| Hees weed oo'or | ct ooo [cee Uf ON 420.44 Sinappee. | eaaes |) Guasewl ip betes : wf eeeee [veer Petes Tggegp foe: Lograp fcc oe gstog ysv jo duruedo y[eMoepis ouvIJ TD MON | G “AON, es wea ccc Pe Pere Peres [vee cere [ eeeee [oeeeee [eeeee Pees pene gary ene ee saat eeee of ON 22M werati ct [cee [cee Pore Perens [cree Pere Petes Piece [eee Pnees a ag, (PRED Ee bd dma IEP oLnyoeya areday | gz “390 snyei | quaur | sdut [spi0seyy -eddy |-dinbq | -pring jo |A4jddng qyueu | woe | sell yooig | sjooy, | sur a3e jopising| TeH | 1098M | A[ddng | -dmbq | -reuax | -prxny | Japiog |peqnqiy 30 | Up | ‘ost | -wee[O | -ureiq |Suneoy|sunvey] 907 | 19}8M |JOyeAaTYIOIIQO9Tq | JOTIOg -siq | 4s09 uInndsA, 4ON | [BIOL uorydiioseqy a18q “TL 9V/ OT “9V] 6 OO | 8 99W | “LOO | 9 “99W | °G “OOW | "F “OOW | “E “OW | °G “99V | "T “OOW mOTNgiystq ALIQ HUOX MIN—INVIg sauoogY 40 TIV]T SHTV4NH AO TSAD 905 EXHIBIT 40 DETAILED DATA ON THE COST OF ASH REMOVAL DecemBer 16, 1912, ro Marcu 9, 1913, Inc. Number Number Number of Weight | Cost Date of Weight | Cost Date of Weight | Cost Cans | Pounds $ Cans | Pounds $ Cans | Pounds $ 1913 1913 Jan. Feb. 66 7589 3.05 13 67 7806 3.10 10 67 7562 3.10 65 7172 3.01 14 62 7767 2.87 11 90 9775 4.16 59 6555 2.73 15 63 7670 2.91 12 52 5520 2.41 54 6107 2.50 16 62 7536 2.87 13 77 8287 3.56 66 7119 3.05 17 67 8017 3.10 14 86 9161 3.98 45 5266 2.08 18 50 5949 2.31 15 68 6985 3.14 40 4347 1.85 19 40 4808 1.85 16 44 4517 2.04 61 6918 2.82 20 80 9577 3.70 17 69 7267 3.19 67 7797 3.10 21 72 8591 3.33 18 66 7151 3.05 50 5746 2.31 22 73 8371 3.38 19 64 6731 2.96 60 6772 2.77 23 76 9043 3.52 20 62 6449 2.87 55 6338 2.54 24 61 7254 2.82 21 58 6145 2.68 58 6473 2.68 25 62 7422 2.87 22 32 3391 1.48 42 4714 1.94 26 29 3513 1.34 23 47 4932 2.17 59 6770 2.73 27 89 10814 4.12 24 90 9646 4.16 57 6145 2.64 28 79 8979 3.65 25 86 9194 3.98 29 79 9530 3.65 26 75 8264 3.47 30 75 9127 3.47 27 38 4126 1.76 40 4087 1.85 31 73 8640 3.61 28 57 6356 2.64 55 5889 2.54 Feb. Mar. 55 5922 2.54 1 79 8878 3.65 1 49 5371 2.27 55 6008 2.54 2 61 7036 2.82 2 57 * 6091 2.64 34 3726 1.57 3 54 5702 2.50 3 82 8854 3.79 65 7564 3.01 4 42 4888 1.94 4 72 7604 3.33 49 6167 2.27 5 60 7017 2.77 5 87 8934 4.02 63 T17 2.91 6 49 5876 2.27 6 75 TBA 3.47 64 7993 2.96 7 99 11034 4.58 7 84 8821 3.89 62 7542 2.87 8 62 7108 2.87 8 81 7756 3.75 47 5706 2.17 9 50 5597 2.31 9 29 2782 1.34 36 4236 1.67 556 EXHIBIT 41 DETAIL DATA ON THE COST OF GAS LIGHTING HALL OF RECORDS PLANT DEPARTMENT OF WATER SuppLy, GAS AND ELECTRICITY New York, December 20, 1913. Case No. 901. Mr. E. P. GoopricH, Consulting Engineer, Bureau of Public Works, Municipal Building, Manhattan: Dear Sir—Referring further to your communication of December 15, in connec- tion with information requested relative to the Hall of Records’ test, I beg to hand you below the consumption and cost of gas supplied to the Hall of Records from December 15, 1912, to December 19, 1913, in accordance with your request: ‘ Cu. Ft. 1912, December 15-31............ ccc cece cece eeeeees 15,000 January; 1913: sh. cecestcceesmenodeiass eau eets 29,400 Bebruary; 1913) wnnesescs-cexeeene ces ssendeadenns 30,200 March; 1913: <+s2icceus acca ceuxineuaee nes sae seed oe. 34,400 April, 1913) c2cccs somes veces eeonuewewe sees: 29,000 May; 1913) cosscccecnouewn sas savabawsverssaeneanees 29,900 June: 1913: aacscos + coeematay a4 cease ea eee 32,300 Julys 1913: wuss oc ceteeseteneycameeeownens tae eee’ 28,300 August, 1913 ........... (Epa d SS eewaeee nee eee 24,300 September, 1913) cc w:seasecss ss aeons ees satan: 22,700 October; 1913) cc.cswcanansies 424 descend sesnneeee 29,000 November, 1913 ............-.46 le nlsieuacnars saan 19,800 December 19, 1913 .0csccssacas samanaanae s oe eens 16,800 Total cubic feet.............. ccc ee eee 341,200 Total cost sncseessaccew mews cin neve $255.90 Trustuig this gives you the desired information, I am, Yours very truly, (Signed) C. F. LACOMBE, Chief Engineer of Light and Power. DEPARTMENT OF Water SuppLy, Gas AND ELECTRICITY New York, January 5, 1914. Case No. 901. Mr. E. P. Goonricx, Consulting Engineer, Bureau of Public Works, Municipal Building, Manhattan: Dear Sir—Referring to your request of December 15, with regard to a test ~ of the gas meter in the Hall of Records plant, I would advise that we are today in receipt of the results of this test from the Public Service Commission, which they state is as follows: 557 “ Dec. 29, 1913. “App. No. 31562. “To Dept. of W. S., G. and E., City of New York, No. Hall of Records, Borough of Manhattan: : “The test of gas meter removed from above named premises shows same to be 6.05 per cent slow. Under the provisions of Chap. 429, Laws of 1907, you are therefore not entitled to the return of the fee of $........ deposited by you. Meter No. 221055. “(Signed) THOS. D. HOXSEY, “Secretary of the Bureau. “Note—The statute declares that if the test shows meter to be less than 2 per cent. fast, you are not entitled to return of your fee.” Trusting this is the information you require, I am, Yours very truly, (Signed) C. F. LACOMBE, Chief Engineer of Light and Power. Teen eee TE AIOT vente esse ee e890 “ONT 999M a8 hPL Se Saltese oe € eos TOR OOLS auoyy 10}0ur ‘dur09 Are 0} FINII1D IAMOT bitten esses sss 70 OAT 90M Teese -QUIgoeul 4QO Wosj FIMoIIO [Pag Abie Reta ee hs 08 ON 420M eee ‘Jop10IEI YOUNIS 0} JINIIID IAMOT ‘aoqoata auoyg ‘du1o0a Ile WaATIp 10JOPy =e eee a Ss a Ga Bn Wares | seen | aman eaargy | Seren [ace | eee soot | aadde | Some) tere | mee | eeae | pone eon [aeee | este | ems [gangs | moxin | me Se toes core fore | Ges | ore Sea ene egies | wate | Ge lous | rrr [remem Wyntae | meee eee |e cer) come [aes eae eee | aie ra | ues | paar iar | Sos dae mee | eee erie | Saas ered cae feeagen| ee a Fase | aust | wet | evan’ | guppog| meer Loa? [amen P iseee | Meaun | cones | oorey luayegy | rsa ete? copes | mcpe-| aes cmae | tgnpagel ems | oases: | emmeen |) sorrel eles eae PERE ante Cleat Sis fase Rew cates | eae [es ref eee as [ree | rere oe ieee | gees ira ere rere reveal eeeess lpevenss leveeeel esea| iereeeal ieceeral eats ear apse, | ears eee Saja meee eter Ieee | eee nee ea Saronic ae | eee lees Ree er? heron ea Ghee Gee arom fae Force eee. pe tes meee eee | samme | Gueeeal ==>" IN PEee fore sacs t eese Paoees| eae iionen Paveas Ligetene ia Sal Seer (meee i vee) aoe senenol Melos ee | ee en Ui goraual soos | came | Sahar | ace Seles fora stage | Meat Tea cee | caer ae ot Looe aomeal oe aareeak ai lca) cee deena rls mae oe mae ane | eaneen| | pareed ae ces eae ar eo ae cel tems: | Beene | aeyem | popedal 22 | Barbie feel eae Pee ee awe ee earl wares [soma | Faisal eames | geueeyal beer gaye a 8 die Lott 68 “ONT YOOAM anaseines ETS -iedde s,Av}{ 0} Soul] o}SBM PUB 1978 A, Lae $e ON YOM Ene Ip a REN Japi1ooeal sYOuIs 9IPEMOINY ase ee eesa8 QT ‘ON Yoo raneneatis betters sees sees gumgogur ‘Sujal Joyeioues 0} oul] Wve} “"YXT Seieheeits gehevee +] “ON 42944 cetera ss +++ ++ -gapsosayy 709 sede a agin vereets sg ‘OAT 490M "tess" sTaTlog aAY UO S8ATBA UIN}oI TON 7 “ydag 8Z “Sny or Ame or Ame y Ame 9% ABIL GS “JBI GS “ABI Go “UBP SL 01g uy sjooL “Ost “TP OOV snqe -avddy Sul -uBaID uamnos A, ‘OT °V, yueul -dinbq ase ~ureid 6 (00 sSUl ~PIMNE apisno su vey] *g ‘00V Sp1009y J° [8H SU1y Boy ‘1 (00 Sjddng IO}eM ao] "9 (00V Ajddng 19}E MA "g (00V quour -dinbq 104 -BAI[T Boe, aoe -uaxy PLIpOOTH "g (00V sole “TEXny JeTI0g ‘Z (00V ro]10g ‘[ (009 penquy “I ON wor NgLysiql 4809 Te1OL wondriioseq a78q Appendix “E” INCLUDES EXHIBITS REFERRED TO IN SECTION 9 OF THE TEXT 560 EXHIBIT 43 This exhibit includes the correspondence between the Edison Company, the Bureau of Municipal Research, the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity and others relating to the question of making public, portions of the report on the test prior to the completion of the whole record and its release by the board referred to in Section 8 of the report. Copies of this correspondence were made a part of the statement sent to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment on February 24, 1916 in answer to Mr. Bolton’s report. The correspondence is as follows: Bureau of Municipal Research to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, February 24, 1916. C. E. Lucke to E. F. Tweedy, February 5, 1915. Edison Company (Williams) to Bureau of Municipal Re- search, January 20, 1916. Reply by the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company (Williams) February 1. Edison Company (Williams) to Bureau of Municipal Re- search, February 3rd. Reply by Bureau of Municipal Research, February 7th. Also second letter of February 7th. The Edison Company (Williams) to Bureau of Municipal Research, February 9th. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, February 14th. The Edison Company (Williams) to Bureau of Municipal Research, February 16th. Bureau of Municipal Research to R. P. Bolton, February 16th. Reply from R. P. Bolton, February 21st. R. P. Bolton to Bureau of Municipal Research, February 14th. E. P. Goodrich to Bureau of Municipal Research, February 15th. E. P. Goodrich to R. P. Bolton, February 16th. R. C. Carpenter and Charles E. Lucke to R. P. Bolton, February 21st, 1916. Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company (Willams), February 16th. 561 Reply February 17th. Mr. William Williams, Commissioner, Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity to Bureau of Municipal Research, February 15th. Reply February 18th. Bureau of Municipal Research to Edison Co. (Williams), February 21st. February 24, 1916. Boarp oF EstiMATE AND APPORTIONMENT, City of New York, New York: GENTLEMEN—May we call your attention to the following item on the calendar of the board of estimate and apportionment for February 18th: “No. 104—Communication, dated February 14, 1916, from Reginald Pelham Bolton, member of the Board of Consulting Engineers, submitting summarized report upon the results of the test of the Steam and Electric Plant at the Hall of Records, New York City, conducted under the auspices of representatives of the Borough of Manhattan, the Bureau of Municipal Research and the New York Edison Company.” We also desire to call your attention to the enclosed clipping from the New York Times of Sunday, February 20th, containing a statement attributed to Mr. Reginald Pelham Bolton, a consulting engineer representing the New York Edison Company cn the board of engineers, under whose direction the Hall of Records test has been conducted. ; The communication of Mr. Bolton and his published statements have caused persons who have no intimate knowledge of the case and may cause members of the board of estimate to believe that the engineers of the Edison Company, the engineers of the city and the engineering counsel of the Bureau of Municipal Research, who compose the board of engineers having charge of the test, have reached conclusions that are favorable to the Edison Company. The fact is that the engineers forming the board have not agreed, and up to the present time have not issued any official report. In view of the many inquiries that are being made both by officers of the city and by the public as the result of the publication of Mr. Bolton’s report at the instance of the Edison Company, the engineering counsel of the city and of the Bureau are agreed that the only course now open is for the Bureau to send to the board of estimate and apportionment the conclusions that have been reached by the Bureau’s engineering counsel who are members of the board—these conclusions having been prepared for submission to the board of engineers at a meeting which was about to be called. For some time past the Edison Company has been urging that a part of the record and findings termed by them a “fact report” and claimed by the company to have been “ unanimously admitted by the various engineers” be issued. This so-called “fact report” was submitted to the board of engineers for their signatures and failed to secure the approval of a majority. Failing in this, the Edison Company then urged the Bureau of Municipal Research to issue the so-called “fact report.” The Bureau refused to accede to this request on the ground that it questioned the desirability of having “a half truth told or a partial statement made when the board has been at work trying to get at the whole truth or a complete statement of the case.” While in his 562 inswer Mr. Williams, the general commercial manager of the New York Edison company, takes the stand “that the time has passed for us to stand on questions of ‘orm or ethics,” the letters attached show that the engineers other than those repre- .enting Mr. Williams’ company do not share this view. The Bureau of Municipal Research has been connected with this test from the first ind its part has been that of a disinterested party. It has no desire other than o be guided solely by the facts and the opinions of disinterested engineering counsel. To this end Professor Charles E. Lucke of Columbia University and Professor R. C. Carpenter of Cornell University were chosen to represent the Bureau on the board. While the controversy between the engineers of the Edison Company and of the city aas been long drawn out, their briefs not being submitted until November, 1915, it is a natter of regret to the Bureau that either party to the controversy shoud have pub- ished any part of the record or of the conclusions of its representatives prior to the formal release of such material, especially in opposition to the expressed will of a majority of the board and at a time when the full findings were upon the point of sompletion. The Bureau of Municipal Research submits for your attention a review of the matters relating to the test and certain letters and documents as follows :* I—Discussion of conclusions of the counsel of the interested parties by Bureau of Municipal Research counsel, and statement of their opinions. II—Review of the organization and work of the board of engineers. III]—Correspondence between the Bureau of Municipal Research, the board of engineers, Mr. Arthur Williams of the New York Edison Company, the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, and others relating to the question of making public portions of the report on the test, prior to the completion of the whole record and its release by the board. IV—Review of the facts leading up to the Hall of Records test. V—Copy of article appearing in the New York Times of February 20th, 1916, containing statements attributed to Mr. R. P. Bolton, outlining the facts leading up to the test and its results. The opinion of the Bureau counsel, based upon the facts produced during the test and the briefs submitted by the counsel for the interested parties, is that the city can operate the Hall of Records plant more cheaply without the Edison service than with it, even if the plant and service remain unchanged, unless a much lower rate for electric current becomes available. The opinion also advances the statement that ‘changes in the plant equipment and piping might be made that would produce more favorable conditions for municipal operation, as would also any addition to the load on the plant by adding the service requirements of neighboring city property.” In conclusion, the Bureau’s consulting engineers state that substitution of Edison service would result in a loss to the city of approximately $9,400 per year, if the plant equipment and its load remain unchanged and a public service rate of 3 cents per kilowatt hour is secured. They further state that to neutralize this loss a public service rate of 1.66 cents per kilowatt hour would have to be secured from the Edison Company. Sincerely yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. *No. I forms section 12 of the main report. No. II is contained in sections 3 and 9 of the main report. No. III follows this letter. No. IV is reproduced in section 2 of the main report. No. V is omitted. 563 February 5, 1915. Mr. E, F. Tweepy, . New York Edison Co., Irving Place and 15th St., New York City. Dear Mr. Tweepy—I have your letter of February 4th with enclosure. As my 2osition in this matter is somewhat peculiar, I think my duty toward the case would oe best served by not contributing anything at this time. I am in a sense a sort ot arbitrator, whose function as a representative of the Bureau of Municipal Research, the disinterested party, is to form some sort of conclusion on any outstanding dif- ferences and to present the case clearly and impartially to the public. It is, there- fore, most wise that I withhold any opinions I may have until all the interested parties have expressed themselves. On this basis anything that is agreed to by all requires no comment, but the differences must be adjusted for the benefit of the public by the disinterested party, which, in this case, is my client. Yours very truly, (Signed) CHARLES E. LUCKE. January 20, 1916. Dr. Freperick A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City. Dear Dr. CLEVELAND—It is now a little more than two years since the test at the Hall of Records was finished and we have not been able to get the so-called fact report signed by the engineers representing the City, and, I believe, the engineers representing the Bureau of Municipal Research. Notwithstanding our various com- munications and our efforts to secure this report, stories are being constantly cir- culated that this Company is doing all in its power to prevent the completion of the report and is trying to withhold the facts. Is there not some way in which this matter can be speedily settled, in accordance with the terms of our agreement? If we cannot get the City’s representatives to sign the fact report, can you not, as the Director of the Bureau of Municipal Research, sign a statement as to the facts as they have been unanimously admitted by the various engineers? Briefly they are that the cost of operating the plant during the year—for coal, labor, supplies, repairs, ash removal and gas lighting—was $39,311.51. This sum does not allow for fixed charges, including interest and depreciation, rental value of space, lost taxes, supervision and water, all of which, as our agreement specified, should be included in a full statement to get the actual cost of operation by the City. Regretting the necessity for troubling you again, Sincerely yours, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. February 1, 1916 Mr. ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place and 15th St., New York City. My Dear Mr. Witt1ams—I am very sorry that stories are being circulated to the effect that your company is doing all in its power to prevent the completion of the report on the Hall of Records. These statements are, of course, not warranted by the facts in the case. As I stated in my last letter to you, I have and shall continue to do anything within my power to bring the Hall of Records test to a close and to make the facts 564 available, not only to the parties interested, but also to the public. I cannot agree with you that a summary “ fact report” such as was outlined late last summer should ye given to the public or made the subject of official action, unless it is accompanied vy all of the supporting information which is necessary in order that a reader may secure a true understanding of the conditions which surrounded the test and which contributed to the result. In this stand I find that several other members of the voard of engineers concur. For your information I would state that one of our staff has gathered together all available material relating to the Hall of Records test and closely followed the preparation of missing portions so there might be no unnecessary delay. As soon as those portions for which Mr. Bolton and Mr. Goodrich were responsible had been finished, they, together with the other material, were placed in the hands of our counsel, Professors Lucke and Carpenter. Unfortunately, Professor Carpenter was unable to review the material as soon as had been anticipated, due to his being called to Panama on a special commission. He has now returned, and it is expected that the work of completing the material necessary for final action of the board will be quickly carried out. I shall endeavor to have it set up in such form that the time required for consideration by the board will be reduced to a minimum. This will assist in securing a speedy completion of the work as much as any other act which is within my power. Very truly yours, (Signed) F. A. Cleveland, Director. February 3, 1916. Dr. FrepericK A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City. Dear Dr. CLEvVELAND—Permit me to acknowledge your favor of the Ist instant, in turther reference to the Hall of Records test. Bearing upon the point of my last etter—the misrepresentation to which this Company is being subjected—last week’s or a very recent number of “ Power” contained another article of innuendo. Some ime ago I wrote to the Editor of “ Power,” but so far as I know the letter was not yublished. Our original agreement was that a brief fact report should be made by the Board. The objective was that a report might be secured from which personal »pinions would be eliminated. Our theory was that we are entitled to know the facts and anyone who wishes could form his own opinion from those facts. The test was accompanied by an enormous amount of detail. The few simple facts which are necessary to guide anyone in a matter of this kind would be so uidden that in that form they would be practically of no value. In view of your own unwillingness to make a statement outlining the unanimous conclusions of the Engineers, we are asking Mr. R. P. Bolton to prepare such a state- nent, as a member of the Board. I feel that this is the only course. The only other way would be another effort to secure the assistance of the Mayor—in keeping with the one you have already made—or of other members of the administration, a thing we should do only with the most extreme reluctance. I have been over the details with Mr. Bolton this morning, and find that in regard to the items of operating cost ill of the members of the Board are unanimous; in reference to the overhead costs there are no differences of opinion upon other than the question of rent. Thus, apart from this minor item, we have a unanimous opinion and we feel that Mr. Bolton, as 1 member of that Board, can make a statement which will have the effect of relieving this Company from the charges which are being so industriously circulated—that it s even going so far as to bribe—this, I believe, was the practical effect of one of the itatements made—various members of the Board to withhold their signatures from the ‘eport. 565 The question of income to be derived from this building or the effect of the Hall »f Records plant upon the Company’s general activities is very small. But to have a ‘eport get out and be believed by the City’s officials and the public that, after entering nto this arrangement, we are afraid to have the result known would be very serious, and might go far toward influencing a very unfriendly public opinion. I know you will agree with me that the reputation of a corporation for fair dealing is just as im- portant as that of an individual. It is only a few days ago that in close competition for one of the buildings in New Rochelle the engineer made a statement regarding this test, implying that the result was wholly against this Company and that we were endeavoring in every possible way to suppress it. Mr. Bolton’s statement will be ready in a few days, and he assures me that he will be very careful to make it clear that it is a statement by himself and not by any other member of the Board. Sincerely yours, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. February 7, 1916. Mr. ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place and 15th St., New York City. My Dear Mr. WitLtiams—Answering your letter of February 3d, I would state that my effort to secure action upon the report on the Hall of Records test—to which you refer on page 2 of your letter—has been successful. The only question re- maining is to get the matter before the board of engineers in such form that they may have a final meeting and reach a decision as to what disposition shall be made of it. I say this because there is only one complete copy now in existence. There are various fragments, representing different stages, in the hands of the various mem- bers of the board, but we have in our possession the only complete copy. If the means are available for printing the report, the cheapest way to get it before the members of the board would be to have it run into galley and then sent to the board in galley form rather than to go to the cost of typewriting it. It would cost nearly $100 more to typewrite it, beside the time which it would take. We es- timate that the report will make approximately 500 to 600 pages. There are several sections that could be very much improved by editing. This work is now under way. There is no reason, however, why this should delay materially the presentation or action on the report. I shall be very glad to push this thing forward on any plan for which financial provision is made. If provision is made to print, the matter could be put into galley very quickly. With respect to the misrepresentation that you mentioned in your letter, it seems to me that the best answer is the publication of the report of the board of engineers rather than an ex parte statement by the Edison Company. However, that is a matter which is not for me to decide. I may say, however, that when Mr. Goodrich sug- gested using parts of this report, our answer was that this report belonged to a board of engineers and was not the property of any member. Again, in answer to the request of the publication “ Power” for the use of certain of the material on the Hall of Records report, we replied as follows: “It is the opinion of every engi- neer (meaning of the board of engineers), with no exception, that no chart, data or other information should be given out to anyone until the report is released.” I question whether any member of the board could make use of any of the material in the report before the whole report is released without it being considered a breach of faith. In your letter you use this phrase: “In view of your own unwillingness to make a statement outlining the unanimous conclusions of the engineers.” I believe your as- sumption that the conclusions of the engineers were unanimous would not be conceded. True, there are certain facts concerning which there is no discussion, but 566 here has been no unanimous conclusion by engineers with respect to all of the facts rhich have a bearing on this case. In so far as I have expressed unwillingness, I ave simply questioned the desirability of having a half truth told or a partial state- nent made when the board has been at work trying to get at the whole truth or a omplete statement of the case. As I view this matter, any statement which would e made by the Edison Company which did not do full justice to the views of engi- ieers of the City or of independent counsel would at once be followed by a state- nent from them, and the whole thing would go down in history as a personal con- roversy, which would not only add to the confusion to overcome which the study vas undertaken, but would also inject into it certain elements that would have the ffect of challenging the good faith of the board as a whole. Sincerely yours, (Signed) F, A. CLEVELAND, Director. February 7, 1916. viz. ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place and 15th St., New York City. My Dear Mr. Writiams—There is one suggestion in your letter that I did not cover in my answer, namely, that there was something that we might do about the nisrepresentation to which you state your company is being subjected by the innuendo in “ Power” that the Edison Company is seeking to suppress the Hall of Records report. If any statement of facts from me on the subject is desired, I would be glad to make it. We have asked Mr. Blake, the editor of “ Power,” to place n our hands a copy of the last issue referring to the Hall of Records test. Some weeks ago I sent you a copy of a letter from Mr. Goodrich in which he frankly admits that he was the cause of delay. About the first of December, how- ever, we got his materials and then had everything in hand to put before our engi- aeers. At the time they were crowded with engagements and could not get to it antil after the holidays. They now have practically completed their work so that a complete report will be ready for publication within a week if the board agrees and funds are found for printing. Sincerely yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. February 9, 1916. Dr. Freperick A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City. Dear Dr. CLEVELAND—You will pardon me, I feel sure, if I cannot agree with the conclusions reached in your favor of the 7th instant, in reference to the test of the power plant at the Hall of Records. I feel that the time has passed for us to stand upon questions of form or ethics where either kind of question becomes a basis of further delay in reporting the simple facts concerning this test. After waiting two years, there can be no breach of faith, as I view the matter, in publishing the facts, if they be published in connection with a fair statement as to what they represent, both in relation to the plant itself and any action of the members of the Board of Engineers. My understanding is that the report upon the cost of operation for 1913—which is the important thing—is unanimous. That was the statement made at the con- ference at the Union League Club, and it has since been made many times without contradiction. About the elements of fixed charges, which also were to be con- 967 sidered as a part of the cost of operation to the City, there were minor, but no essential, differences. And I believe that the minor differences were eventually re- duced to the simple question of what would be a fair allowance for the rental value of the space occupied by the plant. The printing of a volume of six hundred pages would cost a great deal of money, and I think it could not be accomplished in less than six months, or, judging from past experiences, within a year or even longer. That such a report as this would call for so large a volume surprises me. All I feel that is needed in the matter could be covered within a report of ten or twenty pages—or twice the latter number at the most. Anyone sufficiently interested in the great mass of engineering detail relating to the apparatus employed, the character of the individual tests and the records, per- haps to an hourly detail, would doubtless find time to go over the original manu- script or possibly would be willing to pay the cost of publication. I need not remind you that this undertaking was the subject of a written agree- ment between the City, your organization and ourselves, which in several respects remains to be fulfilled. The first agreement was that the operating costs of 1911 should be determined as a basis of comparison. The reason for this was to avoid a result which, under the conditions, would reach so near a state of absolutely economic perfection that corresponding results could not be expected in ordinary use, where supervision was not so adequately and carefully exercised, and the effort toward economy to the minutest detail would not be as great. Thus we understand that the labor force of 1913 was hardly more than half that of 1911. I do not press this point, but so far as I can learn the Engineers have not reported upon the conditions of 1911, though the figures are available from reports in the possession of the City and some of which, at least, have been published in the “ City Record.” A second feature of the agreement was that the Board of Engineers would recommend the trial of Edison service for a period of one year “should The New York Edison Company be able to show at the conclusion of the test by means of the observations made that it can, with or without the combination of the service of the New York Steam Company, reduce the total annual cost for light, heat and power in the Hall of Records and the buildings in City Hall Park.” No such recommendation has been made by the Board of Engineers, though this Company has repeatedly stated that it will guarantee a saving to the City compared with the cost of rendering the service during the year of the test. The essence of the report is covered in the following summary: (a) Operating costs for the year 1913, as unanimously agreed upon.. $39,311.51 (b) Overhead costs, as likewise agreed upon by the Board of Engi- neers (rent not included) ............. cece cece e eee eee 13,146.22 Total ex Chiding PERG. ooo eine Bose neeatitce nit oie ln eckraatadcdveiman ees $52,457.73 (c) Value of space occupied by the plant at 50 cents a square foot.. 3,500.00 Total, Ancluding Tents crise cadamccieis acta tessa a weeds $55,957 .73 Estimated cost of corresponding service rendered by The New York Edison Company, including the supply of steam, either (a) purchased from the New York Steam Company, or (b) ob- tained from the boilers upon the premises operated under the Company’s SupeErviSiON ....... ccc cece eee eee n ene eee $35,000.00 Reduced to the most elementary form of expression, the City spent directly, under the conditions of 1913, $39,311.51 for what could have been purchased at a cost of $35,000, a saving of $4,311.51. In reality it cost the City $52,457.73 to obtain for itself what it could obtain from outside sources, as before stated, for $35,000. I don’t use the difference, however, as a saving in this instance, as this large investment has been made and the resultant fixed charges have been incurred, but this difference would exist were the undertaking new and the investment in the plant as yet unmade, 568 The object of the test is outlined in the first few words of the agreement to lich I have referred and is expressed as follows: “The object of the observation is the determination of data by means of which a year’s cost of electrical and steam services, with respective operating and fixed charges, as conducted under the direction of the President of the Borough of Manhattan, may be arrived at.” The primary objective of this entire undertaking was to determine whether the ty, as represented by its officials, was justified in purchasing electrical service for ; buildings from the corporations supplying the public with electricity, or whether it ould continue to operate existing plants and to install additional plants in build- zs already served by the private corporations. If I may speak frankly, it seems to 2 that anything which goes beyond the mere statement of the facts concerning this 3t, whatever may be the intent, will have only the effect of surrounding the test and e inquiry with questions by which the few elementary and essential facts, to give the ficials of the City the information they need in guiding them in these matters, will placed in such a position of obscurity that they would be difficult to reach clearly d without many attendant questions, which might continue to throw doubt upon the aole matter. As to the use of the facts of the test, I can see no reason why they should not be irnished to “ Power,” or to any other publication. I am informed that one of the agineers of the Board has already used these figures with the Board of Estimate. triously, while I have not the result before me, I understand that the report made the Board of Estimate indicated that the result of the test at the Hall of Records ‘monstrated the desirability of continuing the operation of that plant and of installing {ditional plants in other buildings belonging to the City. If I am misinformed in is matter, it will give me great pleasure to be corrected. One engineer or another may in a frank and good natured manner take the blame ir the delay, but no body of engineers, it seems to me, and no party to this agree- ent, should approve withholding longer the facts upon a matter which has had such idespread publicity, simply because one member of the Board or another member engaged in other matters, or would justify the passage of a full period of two ‘ars to report upon a test which itself, conducted in the most minute detail, required ily one year. Hoping that you will agree with me and that you will aid in correcting the mis- iderstandings that have so widely arisen in this matter. Sincerely yours, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. February 14, 1916. ‘Rk. ARTHUR WILLIAMS, The New York Edison Compam, Irving Place and 15th St., New York City. Dear Mr. Wrir1amMs—Enclosed is a copy of a letter that I am writing to Mr. oodrich. It seems to me that you are right in wanting this additional informa- on if it can be had without serious delay. I do not agree with you that the principal value of a years’ test and another year id a half or two years of consideration of test results by an engineering board such ; was gotten together for this purpose can best be stated in a summary of costs ich as is indicated by your letter. While I was not a party to the origination of lis study and came into it only after the test itself was completed, I cannot imagine tat the various parties interested would have gone into it unless it was thought that hatever might be the conclusion with respect to a particular contract with the City would produce something in the nature of a scientific contribution to the subject. 569 + occurs to me that in so far as the data of this test and the opinions of engineering ‘ounsel may be of value, these results would not be preserved or made available by uch a summary as is indicated. Your company has been very generous in undertaking to pay for a considerable yart of the cost that has thus far been entailed. If it does not now see its way clear ‘0 publish the results, would it not be well for me to put this up to the City or some- yody else as their contribution? T will let you know as soon as I hear from Goodrich. Our engineers have been checking over their calculations again and expect to meet on Thursday of this week :o give to us their final revised opinions and conclusions. As I said to you before, we are ready to bring the material before the board at any time. It is primarily a ques- tion as to how to make the materials in hand available for their final consideration and action, whether by having the copies typewritten and circulated to them in that form, or if the report is to be printed, have the galleys run off.so that there will be no ad- ditional cost for typewriting. Sincerely yours, (Signed) E. A. CLEVELAND, Director. February 16, 1916. Dr. FREDERICK A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York: Dear Dr. CLEvELAND—Permit me to acknowledge your favor of the 14th instant. We understand the additional information called for by the agreement concerning the costs of operating the plant during 1911 is available, and I am asking Mr. Bolton to get in touch with you on the subject. I have been hopeful also that the Board of Engineers would pass upon the third question—that is the recommendation in reference to the use of the service of this company for a trial period. The reference to the checking over of the conclusions of the Board of Engineers by the engineers of the Bureau of Municipal Research is not entirely clear to me. Nor is the reference “to their final revised opinions and conclusions.” My understanding is that the Board of Engineers has already passed upon the facts in the case and has reached a unanimous agreement, with one or two exceptions—which are, in my opinion, of a minor nature. It does not seem to me that after agreement by the Board as to the facts any further action need be taken—unless it can be shown, as a matter of arith- metic, that some error has been made. As to the basic facts, I believe there is no disagreement whatever, these relating to the annual operating costs and the so-called fixed charges. While the members of the Board, or any other engineers, are quite competent to give their opinions— whether for or against central station service—I think you will agree with me that in a test so complete in technical and operating detail the facts themselves are the most important part of the report and from these anyone can form any opinion he wishes. In our earlier negotiations, with which, as you indicate, you were not familiar, the unanimous understanding was that we should have a “ fact” and not an “opinion” report. Thus, the fact report might show, as in this instance, large saving in favor of the purchase, instead of locally generated service, and yet the Board of Engineers might give an opinion that, notwithstanding the financial loss involved in the tran- saction, the continued operation of the plant would be desirable. These things have happened in the past and it was to avoid any such anomalous result in connection with this matter that a fact, as distinct from an opinion, report was agreed upon. Of course, the conditions might be the other way round—it might have been found cheaper financially to operate the plant than to purchase current, and yet a Board of Engineers taking a broad view of the matter itself and the attendant ques- 570 tions from an economic standpoint, might recommend the abandonment of the plant and the purchase of service, as a principle of good government. Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. February 16, 1916. Mr. ReGiInaLp PELHAM BOLTON, 55 Liberty Street, New York City. Dear Mr. Botton—As I recall, you and Mr. Goodrich were appointed as a com- mittee to prepare for publication certain material relating to the Hall of Records test, particularly that portion relating to the contentious discussion and controversy be- tween the two interested parties, namely, the City and the Edison Company. This material in original form has been collected by our Mr. Parlin. It, together with a review of the facts which led up to the test and some other data, and finally the report by the Bureau counsel, will complete the report. I understand that you have already reviewed the material above outlined and, made certain corrections. In order that we may be sure that the tentative report may contain all the necessary material and be as well prepared as possible for sub- mission at a final meeting of the Board of Engineers, I would like to have you go over the material at your early convenience. As we have only one complete copy avail- able, J am asking Mr. Parlin to take it up with you personally. Sincerely yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. February 21st, 1916. Dr. F. A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York: ‘ Dear Dr. CLEvELAND—I am in receipt of your letter of the 16th instant with regard to the collation of material which your Mr. Parlin has had for some time in hand. I shall, as always, be very glad to aid Mr. Parlin in his work. I have, however, felt for a long period, and I believe that Mr. Goodrich also agreed with me in this view, that the voluminous material thus being compiled was unnecessary to an understanding of the essential features to be brought out by the test, and that its excessive extent would limit its usefulness, even if means could be found for its publication. The essential points in the agreement under which this test was made appear largely to have been lost sight of in the course of bringing together all these technical and controversial details. The facts of the cost of operation, which it was agreed should be ascertained and compared with those prevailing in the year 1911, could and should have been made available by action of the Board of Engineers over a year ago. A statement of these figures was in point of fact prepared by Mr. Goodrich and myself, and issued by us early last year, but no meeting or action by the Board of Engineers has resulted from our presentation of that report. Nor has the Board of Engineers taken any action in accordance with Clause 2,of the agreement. It is on account of the complete lapse of any action on the part of the Board that I have felt the publication of the agreed figures to be demanded, not merely. in the interests of my clients, but in that of the engineers composing the Committee who have been subjected to criticism in the technical press for delays for which zi am, for one, not responsible. With kinds regards, I am, Very truly yours, (Signed) REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON. February 14, 1916. Dr. F. A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City. My Dear Dr. CLeveLanp—Referring to the correspondence between yourself, on behalf of the Bureau of Municipal Research, and Mr. Arthur Williams, of the New York Edison Company, copies of which you were kind enough to send me last week, I now send you a first copy of the statement which I have prepared upon the subject of the comparative costs in the operation of the mechanical services of the Hall. of Records and contiguous buildings, which was referred to in the correspondence. In this, you will find a short statement of the circumstances which have led to this publi- cation on my part. I am, with kind regards, Yours very truly, (Signed) REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON. February 15, 1916. Dr. F. A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York. My Dear Doctror—This is to acknowledge receipt of your communication of February 9, enclosing copies of correspondence between your office and that of the Edison Company. Until this morning I did not have any comments to make with regard to this matter, and hence you had not heard from me. However, I am in receipt to-day of a letter from Mr. Bolton, transmitting a copy of a publication issued by him in line with the suggestions contained in the letter from Mr. Williams, under date of February 3. I have written Mr. Bolton a letter, a copy of which is enclosed. Yours very truly, (Signed) E. P. GOODRICH, Consulting Engineer. February 16, 1916. Mr. REGINALD PELHAM BOLTON, 55 Liberty Street, New York City. My Dear Mr. Botton—This is to acknowledge receipt of your communication of February 14, transmitting a copy of your publication concerning the Hall of Records. I must confess to having been dumfounded when I received it, and I cannot understand what I consider your breach of faith in this instance. I feel so strongly at the moment that I contemplate taking it up with the Institution of Con- sulting Engineers, to be placed before the Committee on Code of Ethics. Yours very truly, (Signed) E. P. GOODRICH, Consulting Engineer. 5/2 February 21, 1916. REGINALD PELHAM Botton, Esq., 55 Liberty Street, New York City. Dear Sir—We have been surprised by your recent action in publishing a separate ‘eport of conclusions on the Hall of Records test, both in pamphlet form and in the iewspapers, because it was distinctly understood ever since the work was undertaken that no individual member should give out anything, but that the entire action should ye a Board action, published in a single Board report. Not only does this act of yours appear to us to be a breach of professional etiquette and ethics, but it seems ‘o us to go even farther insomuch as you have so worded your statement as to nake it appear that we subscribe to your conclusions, which is certainly not the case as you will find when the complete report containing our conclusions is ready for yublication. Yours very truly, (Signed) R. C. CARPENTER, CHARLES E. LUCKE, Engineering Counsel for the Bureau of Municipal Research. February 16, 1916. Mr. ArtHUR WILLIAMS, The Edison Company, Irving Place and 15th Street, New York City: Dear Mr. Witt1ams—The fact that you had contemplated making private use of any of the materials that had been brought together in the Hall of Records test before they were made public by the board of engineers itself did not occur to me until this morning when I received the published brief prepared by Mr. Reginald P. Bolton, your representative on the board. I cannot quite understand this action in view of the fact that we had under consideration and in correspondence at the time the question as to how the report of the engineering board was to be put in final form for publication. However, this is a matter that you doubtless have fully considered. I am only presenting the facts to the board. Sincerely yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. February 17, 1916. JR. FREDERICK A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: Dear Dr. CLeveLanp—In response to your favor of the 16th instant, permit me to call your attention to my letter of February 3d, in which it is indicated that we have asked Mr. R. P. Bolton to issue a fact statement, as our representative on the Engineering Board in the Hall of Records test. I need not remind you of the almost endless correspondence and of your own fruitless efforts to secure the signa- tures of the members of the Board to the report, your effort going even so far as to communicate with the Mayor on the subject. Our request of January 20th that you yourself, as Director of the Bureau of Municipal Research, issue a state- ment as to the facts agreed upon did not meet with your approval. The only other course, therefore, seemed the one taken, which was followed in asking Mr. Bolton to prepare a fact report, covering the points upon which agreement had been reached 573 and making such fair statement as the circumstances required concerning other points upon which there were differences of opinion. The agreement under which this test was conducted called for nothing at variance with this course on our part. On the other hand, no limit as to time was placed upon the issuance of the report by the Board of Engineers. I think, however, we are justified in expecting a fairly early report—an expectation which cannot be said to have been realized when I again call attention to the fact that a period of two full years has elapsed since the test was finished. I think it must be a full year also since our conference at the Union League Club, when all of the essential facts were agreed upon, in the presence of yourself and other representatives of the City and the Bureau of Municipal Research. Even now the intent of the Board apparently is to issue a report of four hundred to six hundred pages, for which no funds now appear to be available. My experience in book-making would indicate that a further year would be required to properly get out this volume and that the cost would certainly be three thousand or four thousand dollars in addition. After an accumulation of such a mass of detail, it would seem to serve little useful purpose and would result in burying the essential and important facts so necessary to reach a fair understanding of the principles involved in this test. If any errors of statement have been made, we shall be glad to lend ourselves to their correction. We, of course, will leave it to those who read the report to draw their own conclusions. My understanding is that this is not the first public use that has been made of the results of the test. It has been reported to us that one of the members of the Board presented the results to the Board of Estimate in an earnest advocacy of the City’s further activities in the field of installing and operating small private plants. If we are misinformed in this matter, as before indicated, we shall be very glad to admit to you this error on our part. Sincerely yours, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. February 15, 1916. Dr. Freperick A. CLEVELAND, Chairman, Hall of Records, Test Board, 261 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Dear Sir—I am this day in receipt from Mr. R. P. Bolton, a member of your board, of a pamphlet entitled, “Results of the Test of the Steam and Electric Plant at the Hall of Records.” May I ask when the official report of your board will be ready? Respectfully, (Signed) WILLIAM WILLIAMS, Commissioner. 574 February 18, 1916. ‘on. WILLIAM WILLIAMS, Commissioner, Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, New York City: Dear ComMISSIONER WiLLIAMS—On August 7th last Mr. Reginald Pelham Bolton, ne of the engineers representing the New York Edison Company, wrote to me a tter in which he submitted a draft of what he called a “simple statement * * *” hich contains nothing of a controversial nature, and which I would suggest that ou offer to each member of the board with an invitation to subscribe to it.” This »-called “simple statement” contains in summary about the same matter that was xt up in the report referred to in yours of the 16th just received. This letter and 2quest were sent to the several members of the board of engineers. On August 11th I wrote to Mr. Bolton: “I am sending copies of your letter ad statement of facts, together with copies of my reply, to the several members of 1e board of engineers. It would seem to me that such a procedure should be the st resort of a board of engineers that has gone to the trouble and expense of aking a year’s test on a plant of this kind.” In this general view the engineering tembers of the board concurred. From time to time, however, the suggestion was renewed. On January 20th Mr. arthur Williams writes: “If we cannot get the City’s representatives to sign the act report, can you not, as the director of the Bureau of Municipal Research, sign statement as to the facts as they have been unanimously admitted by the various agineers?” This letter came in my absence. On February 1st I wrote: “As I ‘ated in my last letter to you, I have and shall continue to do anything within my ower to bring the Hall of Records test to a close and to make the facts available ot only to the parties interested, but also to the public. I cannot agree with you 1at a summary ‘fact report’ such as was outlined late last summer should be given » the public or made the subject of official action, unless it is accompanied by all f the supporting information which is necessary in order that a reader may secure true understanding of the conditions which surrounded the test and which contributed » the result.” On February 3d Mr. Arthur Williams of the New York Edison Company wrote: In view of your own unwillingness to make a statement outlining the unanimous onclusions of the engineers, we are asking Mr. R. P. Bolton to prepare such a state- ‘ent, as a member of the Board.” From time to time in various letters Mr. Arthur Villiams and Mr. Bolton also were kept informed about the progress in completion f the report and making it ready for publication. On February 7th answering Mr. Villiams’ letter of the 3d I stated: “My effort to secure action upon the report on 1e Hall of Records test—to which you refer on page 2 of your letter—has been iccessful. The only question remaining is to get the matter before the board of agineers in such form that they may have a final meeting and reach a decision as » what disposition shall be made of it. I say this because there is only one complete »py now in existence. There are various fragments, representing different stages, 1 the hands of the various members of the board, but we have in our possession 1e only complete copy.” Then followed the suggestion that it be put into galley roof and handled in that form instead of incurring the cost of typewriting, which ‘ould amount to approximately $100. On February 9th Mr. Williams writes: “You will pardon me, I feel sure, if I innot agree with the conclusions reached in your favor of the 7th instant, in reference » the test of the power plant at the Hall of Records.” In answer to Mr. Williams’ irther plea that “a statement outlining the unanimous conclusions of the engineers” : published, this was sent: “T believe your assumption that the conclusions of the engineers were unanimous would not be conceded. True, there are certain facts concerning which there is no discussion, but there has been no unanimous conclusion by 575 engineers with respect to all of the facts which have a bearing on this case. In so far as I have expressed unwillingness, I have simply questioned the desira- bility of having a half truth told or a partial statement made when the board has been at work trying to get at the whole truth or a complete statement of the case. As I view this matter, any statement which would be made by the Edison Company which did not do full justice to the views of engineers of the city or of independent counsel would at once be followed by a statement from them, and the whole thing would go down in history as a personal controversy, which would not only add to the confusion to overcome which the study was undertaken, but would also inject into it certain elements that would have ‘the effect of challenging the good faith of the board as a whole.” Notwithstanding these various importunities on the part of Mr. Williams, run- ning over a period of months, and protests on the part of members of the board of engineers against such a use being made of the materials collected, Mr. Bolton, the engineer for the Edison Company, has seen fit to prepare for Mr. Williams and Mr. Williams has seen fit to print, a statement that to my mind can have no other purpose than to cause persons who have not an intimate knowledge of this case to think that the engineers of the city, the engineers of the Edison Company and the engineers of the Bureau of Municipal Research have reached conclusions that are favorable to the Edison Company in the controversy between this company and the City of New York. This is a bald assumption that is not borne out by the record or agreed to by any engineer of the board, except those employed by the Edison Company. What the facts are will be made known to you as soon as the board of engineers has released the record of this test for publication. Herewith I am sending you copies of correspondence between this office and the Edison Company. Sincerely yours, : (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. February 21, 1916. Mr. ArtHurR WILLIAMS, New York Edison Company, Irving Place and 15th Street, New York City: Dear Mr. Wirrt1ams—The suggestion made by you with respect to fruitless efforts to obtain the fact report does not seem to have any bearing on the present case for the reason that the correspondence of the last three weeks goes to show that it only awaited decision as to how the report was to be gotten out—whether in typewritten form or printed—in order to make the results available by action of the board itself. The reference made to the meeting at the Union League Club does not seem to have any place here since this was not an official meeting of the board, the persons present being there as your guests for the purpose of talking things over in an informal way. Furthermore, we find that the persons present do not agree with you as to what were the informal conclusions reached. Your further suggestion to the effect that the facts have already been agreed to does not seem to require any further comment than has already been made. Since the report of Mr. Bolton was communicated to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment and entered on the calendar of February 18th, and in this entry the Bureau of Municipal Research, among others, is mentioned in connection with the inquiry, we are sending to the board for their information a copy of the recent correspondence on this subject. Sincerely yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. 576 EXHIBIT 44 Report published by R. P. Bolton at the instance of the Edi- son Company which purports to be a statement of the facts rela- tive to the test of the Hall of Records plant and the test results. This report was considered by several members of the Board of Engineers to be so worded that it did not make clear to the public that it was simply a report of a single member of the board accom- panied by his own personal conclusions and not a report by the board as a whole. ate Trad tee The Hall of Records New York RESULTS OF THE TEST OF THE STEAM AND ELECTRIC PLANT AT THE HALL OF RECORDS, NEW YORK CITY A Brief Statement by R. P. BOLTON, A Member of the Board of Consulting Engineers SUMMARY Place of test, Hall of Records, New York City. Period of test, one year, ending December 14, 1913. Test conducted under the auspices of the Borough of Manhattan, Bureau of Municipal Research, the New York Edison Company. Operating costs for the year 1913, as unanimously agreed upon by the Board: of Engineers’. si. caceaiisai os sapere seu 5 Baaninateeek a Ree ees $39,311.51 “Fixed” costs, as determined by the Board of Engineers: SUPERVISION: sacnemead evs aueuindea-es ond sasnnwstcae ceeoiiedinndees $2,500.21 Intérest arid, CeEPKEGAAUCR scsi d ss seeecvarscaa voesdyaraeienevoreaararwnans 11,249.43 TZOSU ARES dis tavraccidwce aracceanausvasesen oeoreaiaanayotsiits Mince csuesehes tiene siren 1,192.48 Loss by change of rate on Brooklyn Bridge................ 279.34 15,221.46 Total cost for the year as agreed upon by the Board of Engineers, exclud- ing rental, valueesiccsiaas s2vesiioeeuans saeeneee yaaa ealaeknae se eh eeees $54,532.97 Value of space occupied at 50 cents per square foot, included by the author but not agreed upon unanimously by the Board of Engineers.... 3,435.00 Total cost including rental values........... cece cece eee e eet eet eeeneeees $57,967.97 Cost of purchasing service from outside sources not exceeding.......... $35,000.00 Test conducted by Prof. Herman Diederichs of Cornell University, under the direction of the following: Prof. A. C. Carpenter, Cornell University, Prof. Charles E. Lucke, Columbia University, Representing the Bureau of Municipal Research. Mr. E. P. Goodrich, Consulting Engineer of the Borough of Manhattan, Prof. George F. Sever, Columbia University, Representing the Borough of Manhattan. Mr. R. P. Bolton, Consulting Engineer, Mr. E. F. Tweedy, Commercial Engineer, the New York Edison Company, Representing the New York Edison Company. 578 IE TEST OF THE STEAM AND ELECTRIC PLANT AT THE HALL OF RECORDS The City of New York has been asked from time to time to invest the public ids in machinery, for the purpose of providing heat, light and power in public Idings. The conditions under which the operation of such machinery are conducted those common to public operations, involving a lack of economical methods, an jue proportion of labor, and of materials, supplies and repair. These circumstances became the subject of official investigation several years ago, 1 as a result, several installations of electric-generating machinery and some steam- 1erating boilers were abandoned, and supplies of steam or electricity were purchased m public supply systems. Some controversy arose between advocates of the operation of private plants, and ise responsible for these changes, as to the exact economies effected, and the outcome the discussion, into which the Bureau of Municipal Research had entered, was an ‘eement to undertake an elaborate trial of the municipal power, light and heat plant the Hall of Records Building, supplying also the services of the City Hall, County urt and Municipal Court Buildings, to extend over an entire year, in order to ‘ermine the results of an effort to operate such a plant at its maximum economy and side the total cost of labor, fuel, supplies, repairs, and of overhead and fixed charges. This trial was undertaken by the three parties most directly interested, viz.: the rough of Manhattan, the Bureau of Municipal Research, and the New York Edison mpany, and the test was applied under the direction of a Board of Engineers repre- iting the three interests, and was conducted during the year 1913. The settlement the exact scientific facts of so prolonged a trial necessarily occupied a considerable ie, but the main results and the financial elements of actual expense have long been uilable for publication. The publication of the facts ascertained in this matter has been most unduly and necessarily delayed, and the lapse of over two years without any apparent prospect action in this direction on the part of those chiefly responsible for the delay, war- its and demands the present publication of this brief statement of ascertained facts. lis action is further required in justice to the electrical corporation which is being blicly criticised for the delay in making known the facts, but which has, on the con- ry, persistently but unavailingly urged their publication for more than a year past. Tue AGREEMENT The purpose and terms upon which it was agreed that this test was undertaken re set forth in a written agreement of May 7th, 1912, as follows: “The object of the observations is the determination of the data by means of ‘ich a year’s cost of the electrical and steam services, with respective operating ed charges . . . may be arrived at. “Should the New York Edison Company be able to show at the conclusion of the t, by means of the observations made, that it can, with or without the combination the services of the New York Steam Company, reduce the total annual cost for ht, heat and power in the Hall of Records and the buildings in City Hall Park, then > installation of said service or services will be recommended by the Committee, for : purpose of a trial for a period of one year.” In accordance with the foregoing agreement the New York Edison Company pre- ited to the other parties in interest its statement of comparative costs and reduc- n of annual cost by the use of its service as herein presented, enforcing same by a itten offer to guarantee that the annual cost of equal service should not exceed a al of $35,000. PuysicaL Resutts The main facts established by the test were: The use of steam for heating the buildings followed the variation of exterior nperatures. 579 The use of exhausted steam from the Hall of Records plant, even with the addi- tion of three exterior buildings utilizing the steam for heating purposes, was only 34.7% of the total steam generated, which included that for the electrical operations. Of all the steam generated, 10.7% was lost in condensation in piping, and 15.6% was used in operating auxiliary pumps and traps and appliances, rendering no utilized service. The cost of the steam used for hydraulic elevator operation was in excess of the cost of purchasable electricity for electric elevator operation. Of all the electric energy generated, 81% was actually used in the services of the buildings, the rest was used to light and ventilate the, machinery which created the energy. The cost of fire-room labor was $1.67 per ton of fuel, as compared with from 55 to 85 cents in commercial buildings in the vicinity operating under similar conditions. The staff of employees was reduced by economical management during the year of the test, from a total of twenty-two men to a total of fifteen men. ANNUAL Costs The total expenditures by the Department upon the operation of the plant for the year 1913 were agreed by all parties as follows: Labor sagis ng nascent sas eens weiss sarangi operant Aaonmalon oeatte $19,102.17 Bite ls B 3 ase Seaiadla arn tease nmnee tatters ae havent lia woke boonies Seah aan 15,296.58 Removal: (Of asheSiczcvcs cuteignta a davcaeGeraevcrid aceenicaaseruck 1,219.98 Gas lighting... <¢cénced's sux cnaheiss ccs coslaetulenega pater snes 252.30 SUPPHES: < vag dasn’oaw ae dttuedine shad vsnaan eastern hana te ae sees 1,648.70 Re pains neva ciNals hey aed Pasian vastecteatesainetsan Av oneeuir ora 1,791.78 EGtal sescncuavsls ce vel gumenmuis egy + sa giao eek od anh RNS obs meeaee *. $39,311.51 This cost can be substantially reduced by the cessation of the operation of gene- rating electricity, and its purchase from the public supply. The operating costs of each item for services equivalent to those of 1913 will then be as follows: Fuel) sycicinte years eatin Cokes eaalaineeas ew sn aivednddee conden dacnie ued $9,587.00 Reniovalof ashes. o esses anche ia s baladadialeenied anes eaans sees 570.00 (GaSe caste ais sean 31s ateltgetace eiores ath audiale sited dean amr anehatel avon eetahaeuae ee a 252.00 TCAD OR etearcnieneeainnen any an obs Seo hah one al Ae be ea enon eee tae 8,992 .00 Repair and. suppliesi. 942 yiuwocan seeees aca da dd bend Sescauled oon 2,047 .00 Electricity purchasable ....... Sinha Cee Mev ee toate ee $11,924.00 ' Thess. taxes: PEtUEHEd cscs ee ota dessa lo eee aaddotonles Seeds 1,192.00 10,732.00 PO EAM chs dsesatensecrs dy dle aoc aes he ase eee anes onreete ah aad oe are A bece ah pes $32,180 This is $7,131 less than the expenditures for the year of the test, not including any fixed charges. A still larger reduction in cost can be effected by purchasing steam from the New York Steam Company’s service in summer time, in addition to purchasing all electricity required for light and using it to operate elevator pumps, etc., which would reduce BEG Attia, COSC: AO 2) dce 6 a ssasdie codaranuere, Spot's ga glermanand ce ye GeomOatveee deca emenalerdacd $29,231 Thus the saving is over $10,000 on the existing operating cost. The changes in some of the apparatus which would be necessary to meet this situation would involve an expenditure of capital of $10,800, the interest and depre- ciation on which would be $1,080, leaving a net reduction of operating cost, of $9,000. Thus it will be seen that by abandoning the present operation of generating elec- tricity, the City can effect an annual saving in the operation of this plant in cash expenditure, without regard to present fixed charges, of from seven to nine thousand dollars. ' 580 CoNTINGENT EXPENSES There were certain contingent or exterior elements of cost which were consid- ered by the Board of Engineers. It was found that there is a value in taxes paid by the public supply systems upon service rendered, which returns to the City at the rate of 2/10 of a cent per kilowatt hour upon any electric service purchased. Upon the net quantity required to be purchased for the year 1913, it was agreed that this would have brought to the City but for the operation of the plant........... $1,192.48 This has the effect of reducing the cost of purchased electricity to that extent. It was found that a loss had occurred upon the price paid for electric lighting of the Brooklyn Bridge during the trial year, due to the removal of the lighting of the City Hall, etc., from the contract, which it was agreed amounted to........... $279.34 This had the effect of increasing the operating costs of the plant to that extent. Fixep CHARGES To these reductions would be added, in the case of the establishment of a new plant, the overhead expenses of interest and depreciation, which are not added to these savings for the reason that as the plant is in place, the interest and depreciation are a continuing burden on the City. Interest upon the capital expended upon the plant is at the rate of 3% per cent. per annum. Depreciation was found to be at different rates applicable to different elements in the plant. These two charges are as follows: On the electric generating apparatus............ cece cece eee eee eee e tenes $4,603.67 On the steam boilers and auxiliaries.......... 0... e cece cece ee eee eee nees 5,193.00 On the hydraulic elevator pumping plant............... 0 cece cece eee eee 1,452.76 BING Calls Cascais tees cusneete Seceec suche, oeoye se ebysta cateyec ayes suavaAcsaneseas avtinee heh ada gaaslatcsantiansanassonced $11,249.43 Supervision was found to cost at the rate of 6.36 per cent. upon the annual expenditures, or upon $39,311—$2,500.21. RENTAL VALUE OF SPACE The value of the space occupied by the machinery was the subject of divergent views; the values per square foot of area varying from a high point of $1.00 down- ward to 22 cents. On an average value of 50 cents per square foot per annum the annual expense involved in the space occupied by the machinery is: Space occupied by the electric generating plant.............. cece cece eee eee $1,100 Space: Oecupred: by: POMS Soo... cose. e eussevsveeveie eo: eyaceceecbuoweses a cn eulniavelae ele n.os6 4 qunvelacacrin 1,875 Space occupied by elevator pumping plant................. siisvepslidblo 4c snsavadnecnane 460 TEAS bts aih oa sasnhs aca syc cea cosh oa neannate daa a ars eaves onet spa da ccsua is vbooaatiuse BR teeos oe $3,435 Tota oF OPERATING AND Frxep Costs. The fixed annual charges, comprising interest, depreciation, supervision and rental value of space, aggregate....... cece ccc cece eect eee eee e sete eeeeeeeteres $17,184.64 Adding the operating cost for 1913........ 0... ccc cece cece c cece cece eeeuenes $39,311.51 The total cost of operating this plant on the basis of the highest attainable economy in the matter of labor, fuel and repairs, is therefore...............00ee eee $56,496.15 Conclusion : Under the existing conditions the plant can be abandoned and from $7,000 to $10,000 saved annually. In a new undertaking, the saving would be from $20,000 to $25,000 in favor of the utilization of external supplies of light, heat and power. R. P. BOLTON. 581 EXHIBIT 45 Communication to the Board of Estimate and Apportion- ment transmitting additional information relative to the Hall of Records test and especially relating to the failure of the Edison Company to make the promised official tender for the furnishing of steam and electricity to the Hall of Records. Bureau of Municipal Research to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, March 20, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, February 25, 1916. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, March 2, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, March 3, 1916. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, March 7, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, March 9, 1916. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, March 17, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, June 238, 1914. March 20, 1916. Board of Estimate and Apportionment, City of New York, New York: GENTLEMEN—We desire to add to the communication regarding the Hall of Records test sent to you on February 24, 1916, some subsequent correspondence between the New York Edison Company and the Bureau of Municipal Research which is self- explanatory. A portion of the correspondence relates to a proposal advanced by the Edison Company on June 23, 1914, a copy of which is enclosed for your reference. We have not sent you a large volume of early correspondence which had no direct bearing on the present situation. The whole record is open for your inspection, however, and if you care to have it copied we will be glad to place the original at your disposal. It was assumed by us that the early proposal to which Mr. Williams refers (June 23, 1914) was superseded by the action of the Edison Company when a new proposal was advanced in a conference at a dinner given by Mr. Williams at the Union League Club, January 9, 1915, especially because the later figure ($35,000) was used in the Bolton report. Up to the present, although the Edison Company has indicated its willingness to make a formal tender, so far as we know no official offer has been sub- mitted to the proper city officials and as a result the board of engineers in charge of the test has not yet been able to take action upon the proposed offer. Very truly yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. 582 February 25, 1916. Dr. FrepertcK A. CLEVELAND, DireEcror, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: Dear Dr. CLevetanp—Judging from the report in the morning papers of to-day, a statement appears to have been made by the Bureau of Municipal Research to the effect that by operating the electrical plant in the Hall of Records during the year of the test, 1913, the City had saved $9,418. This, as I gather from the report, is a saving which is claimed in comparison with the cost had electric service been purchased from an outside source. If correct, this would mean that, based upon the findings of the Board of Engineers as a result of the test, the operating costs alone would have been $48,729, or including the fixed charges would have been $67,385. It seems strange that any statement to the effect that a saving of $9,418 had been made could be issued with the authority of your organization, in view of our offer to supply all of the light, heat and power required in the building, as indicated during the year of the test, at an annual cost not exceeding $35,000. All of the Engineers were unanimous in their agreement that during the year 1913 this service, for pure operating expenses alone, exclusive of all fixed charges, cost the City $39,311.51. As previously stated, the cost of corresponding service, inclusive of heat and power, as well as light, supplied by this Company cannot exceed $35,000, under the estimates we have prepared and submitted to you in connection with the findings of the Board of Engineers. Your agreement with this Company, made in advance of the test, provided that in addition to the simple operating costs, which, as before stated, the Board of Engi- neers unanimously placed at $39,311.51, should be included the following items: (a) The expenses involved in superintendence, including a proper proportion of the cost of departmental supervision. (b) Interest and depreciation. (c) Loss to the City by change in rates due to a reduction by the elimination of a part of the service of the so-called City Hall group. (d) Fixed charges resulting from additional investment required to join the several buildings of the group with the Hall of Records plant. (e) Cost of water. (f{) Lost taxes. Under this agreement any statement of cost emanating from the Bureau, in simple fairness, must be inclusive of all of these items. We understand that the Board of Engineers was unanimous in placing this aggregate at $54,532.97; we understand that they have not agreed, however, upon the allowance to be made for rental, which, on the basis of 50 cents a square foot annually, would amount to $3,435—making a total cost, inclusive of operating and fixed charges, of $57,967.97 per year. It is against either of these totals that you may place the proposal of this Company, amounting to $35,000 per year—which is inclusive of steam heating, purchasing the steam if it desires from an outside source. Thus, there is a direct annual saving, assuming the investment to have been made and allowing no fixed charges whatever, of $4,311.51, or, assuming that the investment were to be made as a new undertaking by the City, of $22,967.97. It occurs to me that your Engineers have either misunderstood the rates of this Company as made to the City, or have incorrectly assumed the amount of service required for this group of buildings, or have erroneously estimated the cost of heating the building were the service of the electrical plant discontinued. It was to avoid all possibility of these or other errors creeping into the result that our agreement was drawn. In view of the foregoing, are we not justified in asking you to comply with the second paragraph of the agreement—I might say the contract between us—under which the service of this Company was to be recommended were we able to show that, 583 with or without an outside source of steam supply, the annual cost for light, heat and power would be less than the costs as found during the test. The figures I have used in this letter are those which I understand, with minor exceptions, have been unanimously agreed upon by the Board of Engineers. Each item is given in careful detail in the report submitted by Mr. R. P. Bolton, one of this Company’s representatives on the Board. If your Engineers are not in agreement with any of the items given by Mr. Bolton, may I ask specifically where they find an error on his part. Needless to say, if error has crept into any statement made on behalf of this Company, we shall be more than glad to have it immediately corrected. There could be no objection, of course, on our part to your making such use as you desire of our agreement covering this test and of the letters that have passed between us on the subject. We should be glad if we might have in turn your per- mission to publish the letters you have very kindly exchanged with us in connection with this entire matter Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. March 2, 1916. Mr. ArtHuR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place and 15th Street, New York, N. Y.: Dear Mr. WitttAMS—May I call your attention to what seems to be a misappre- hension contained in the following sentence taken from your letter of February 25th just received: “It seems strange that any statement to the effect that a saving of $9,418 had been made could be issued with the authority of your organization, in view of our offer to supply all of the light, heat and power required in the building, as indicated during the year of the test, at an annual cost not exceeding $35,000.” In the first place, may I say that our organization has not made such a statement. The statement is that of Professors Lucke and Carpenter who are acting as the independent counsel of the Bureau of Municipal Research, this opinion being based on a review of the work of Messrs. Goodrich and Bolton, the city’s engineering counsel and your engineering counsel, submitted by us to them together with the test results as deter- mined by Professor Diederichs. I am referring your letter to Professors Lucke and Carpenter for their opinion and comment and I feel quite sure that if they discover any errors in their conclusions they will be the first to desire that they be corrected. With respect to the offer itself which is cited in the sentence quoted from your letter and on which you lay so much stress, my understanding is that it was made in conversation at the dinner given by you at the Union League Club, at which time it was urged and, as I recall, consented to by you that when the offer was formally made to the city for purchase of current you would also state the rates upon which the computation was based, or, in other words, you were to make a rate per K. W. hour for electricity, a rate per thousand pounds for steam, and a guarantee that the total cost of the service to the city would not exceed $35,000 per year. Up to the present time it has not come to our attention that such a definite offer has been sub- mitted to the city or to any of its officers. The only reason that we could have for assuming that this figure—$35,000—had been officially made is the fact that you have printed it in the report which Mr. Bolton made for you. I would call your attention to a slight error which occurs in your citation from the agreement under which the test was conducted. Where you state: “the service of this Company was to be recommended were we able to show that, with or without an outside source of steam supply, the annual cost for light, heat and power would be less than the costs as found during the test.” 584 The actual agreement reads as follows: “Tt is proposed to compare this result (meaning test result) with— b—The operation of the same services by utilization of the electrical service of the New York Edison Company, with or without the steam supply of the New York Steam Company, with accompanying reduction of labor and other expenditures and standing charges.” Referring to the request in the last paragraph of your letter, we certainly have no objection whatever to your publishing any of the correspondence which has been exchanged between us in connection with the Hall of Records test. Very truly yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. March 3, 1916. Dr. Frepertck A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: Dear Dr. CLevetanp—Your favor of the 2d instant compares a citation in my letter of February 25th, in reference to the substitution of Edison service for the private plant at the Hall of, Records, with the second portion of the first paragraph of our agreement. At the time I had in mind the second paragraph, of which the following is a copy: “2—Should the New York Edison Company be able to show at the conclusion of the test by means of the observations made that it can, with or without the combination of the service of The New York Steam Company, reduce the total annual cost for light, heat and power in the Hall of Records and the buildings in City Hall Park, then the installation of said service or services will be recom- mended to the proper authorities by the committee of engineers for the purpose of a trial for the period of one year.” I think you will find that the sense of this paragraph agrees literally with my statement of February 25th, though I was not then attempting to quote from the agreement, but rather was writing from memory. There is, of course, no suggestion in this agreement as to the action the author- ities might take upon the recommendaton of the engineers. We understood at the time, and understand now, that the agreement would be performed in making the recommendation. That is all we ask. It seemed certain to us upon reading your letter to the mayor, particularly the last paragraph, in which you advise him that the utilization of the service of this Company would have resulted in a loss to the City of approximately $9,400, that some oversight had occurred or that you had been misinformed as to the facts. At the dinner at the Union League Club I stated that we should be prepared to operate the building at a cost not exceeding $35,000 annually and the same statement has been made on our behalf by Messrs. Tweedy and Bolton. It was also included as a part of the Bolton report, which as you know was issued by Mr. Bolton at the request of this Company, after we received the expression of your feeling that it would be impracticable for you to issue a so-called “fact report” over your own signature. However, we shall be glad to have the mistake corrected in the letter to the mayor, in the light of our former and this communication bearing upon the subject. There is no difference of opinion that the mere operation of the building during 1913 in producing light, heat and power cost the City $39,311.51. This figure is exclu- sive of fixed charges, which, under our agreement with the City and the Bureau, are to be included in the final statement of cost. These added charges do not appear as important as perhaps otherwise they might, in view of our offer to render corres- 585 ponding service at the usual prices, limiting the cost, however, to $35,000, or $4,311 less than the operating cost of 1913, a direct and guaranteed saving of this amount in the City’s expenditures. The entire consumption of electric current during the year of the test, including that required in the boiler and engine room in the operation of the plant, was 712,763 kilowatt hours. We understand that since it has been considerably reduced. The electrical service incidental to the operation of the plant the engineers place at 136,301 kilowatt hours annually, reducing the total needed for the building to 576,462 kilowatt hours; some additions, however, allowed for the partial occupancy of the basement bring the total to 596,239 kilowatt hours, which would cost the City, at the present rates, $11,924.78. The report sent to the mayor* quotes Mr. Goodrich as placing the increment cost of operating the electrical plant at $7,515; Messrs. Carpenter and Lucke at $10,196 and Mr. Bolton at $18,766. All are unanimous in accepting the figure formerly mentioned of $39,311.51, as representing the aggregate cost of light, heat and power. The difference, therefore, between the allowance for the electrical cost and this aggregate represents the cost of steam. Thus, under the estimate of Mr. Goodrich the steam service cost $31,796.51, of Messrs. Carpenter and Lucke $29,115.51 and of Mr. Bolton $20,545.51. The entire amount of steam evaporated during the period of the test was eighty- one million pounds. Mr. Goodrich estimates that with the abandonment of the plant it would be necessary to evaporate sixty-four million pounds; Messrs. Carpenter and Lucke fifty-six million pounds and Mr. Bolton forty-nine million pounds. These differences indicate the opinions or the judgment of the individual members of the Board. It was to avoid the possibility of any uncertainty either to the Bureau or to the City from the result of our own estimate that we have placed upon the entire operation the maximum figure to which we have referred, $35,000. This Company is now supplying the steam, in addition to the electrical service, at the new Post-Office behind the Pennsylvania Station, at a price of 37% cents a thousand pounds. We should be prepared to render the same service to the City. Under the estimate of Mr. Goodrich the cost would be $24,000; of Messrs. Carpenter and Lucke $21,000 and of Mr. Bolton $18,400. Adding our own cost of $11,924.78, the totals become, under the three estimates, $35,924, $32,924 and $30,324. Between these figures and our guarantee of $35,000 there is in our judgment a sufficient margin for any possible contingency and we are prepared, as before stated, to make a contract on this basis. As you know, the purpose of this test was to determine the relative cost of operating the buildings of the City from the standpoint of private electrical plants or by using a public service. It was recognized that in this there are two possible conditions, one relating to the cost of operating a building in which the plant has been installed, from which there would be little, if any, salvage value, in the event of its abandonment; the other to the prospective installation of a plant, where for the purpose new investment must be made and added obligations incurred. It was to meet these conditions that the results of the test were to be given in two groups, one representing the operating costs, from year to year, and the other the fixed charges, which remain practically constant, regardless of the extent to which the operation may continue. I hope, therefore, that notwithstanding the unimportant part the fixed charges play in reaching a conclusion in this matter, in view of the aggregate costs from outside sources failing to reach the aggregate of merely operating the plant, you will not permit these items to be lightly waived away by any members of the Board as of no present importance. Rather may I again urge upon you the compliance with every feature of our three cornered agreement which was so carefully drawn and which since its adoption has been the basis of our entire proceeding. *N.B.—Refers to communication of February 24, see exhibit 43. 586 Perhaps you will forgive me if I again emphasize our adherence to questions of fact and not of opinion. The divergence expressed between the three foregoing groups of figures in itself suggests the possibility and even probability of error on the part of one or the other having the matter under consideration. What we do know is the aggregate cost. In comparison you have the willingness on the part of this Company to incur a definite obligation beyond which the cost cannot go, this figure representing a very substantial saving to the City. Understanding that the matter has been’ referred by the Board of Estimate to Mr. Nelson P. Lewis, for an expression of his opinion as to the merits of the questions that have arisen, I am asking Mr. Lewis to give us a hearing before a decision is reached, preferably jointly with representatives of the Bureau of Municipal Research and others who are interested in the conclusions. Will you not join with me in this request. Sincerely yours, ' (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. March 7, 1916. Mr. ArtHuR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place and 15th Street, New York, N. Y.: My Dear Mr. Witt1ams—The technical questions raised in your letter of March 3rd have been referred to our engineering counsel. I note that you still lay emphasis upon the offer which you made at the dinner at the Union League Club, which, as I am informed and stated in my letter of March 2nd, you have not yet made official, as it is my understanding you were to do. In the absence of any such offer from your company, which it was agreed was to include the rates upon which the offer was based, or in other words, the rate per K. W. hour for electricity, the rate per thousand pounds for steam, and in addition a guarantee that the total cost of the service to the city would not exceed $35,000 per year, no information was available to our engineers or to the board that such a supply of steam and electricity could be obtained or of possible rates for such supply. As soon as you make the formal offer which you have so far neglected to forward to the borough president of Manhattan, I shall be very glad to have a copy of it sent to our engineering counsel and get from them their conclusions. I think you will agree that we have, up to the present, within the limits of the information available, carried out as far as we were able, every feature of the three- cornered agreement which was so carefully drawn, and which since its adoption has been the basis of the entire proceeding, and I assure you we expect to continue to do the same in the future. With respect to your request for a hearing before Mr. Lewis, chief engineer of the board of estimate and apportionment, we will be glad to attend such a hearing and conference if opportunity is provided. Very sincerely yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. March 9, 1916. Dr. Freperick A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: My Dear Dr. Crevetanp—In response to your favor of the 7th instant, permit me to say that it was not our intention to place undue emphasis upon the tender made at the Union League conference. I would, however, call your attention to our 587 letter of June 23rd, 1914, in which we agree that the maximum cost of service as supplied during the year of the test would not exceed $37,720 annually. This we considered a formal offer, definitely committing our Company. I presume that in some way it escaped the attention of your staff, as otherwise it doubtless would have been included in the statement to the Mayor. My attention has also been drawn to the fact that at the meeting of the Board of Engineers on October 10th, 1914, at which I believe you were present, Mr. Bolton referred to the fact that we had offered a written guarantee covering the cost of the service. Our subsequent limit of $35,000, which I will ask you to accept as a definite tender of maximum cost on our part, if you have not already done so, was made after a more careful review of the facts, and, of course, takes the place of the maximum of $37,720 as indicated in our letter of June 23rd, 1914. Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. March 17, 1916. Mr. ArrHur WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place and 15th Street, New York, N. Y.: My Dear Mr. Wrriams—In reply to your favor of the 9th instant, allow me to suggest that we have no intention of placing undue emphasis upon the tender made at the dinner given at the Union League Club. On the contrary, we understood that this offer simply indicated your desire to reconsider the preliminary tender made in your letter of June 23, 1914, and your intention of making at once a formal offer to the proper city officials along the lines agreed upon during the conference so that it might receive official consideration both by the city and by the board of engineers. I have been surprised to note that this offer has been so long delayed. Referring to the last paragraph of your letter where you ask that I accept the tender there made, permit me to suggest that as I am not the proper party to whom such an offer should be addressed, obviously it cannot be considered as official nor accepted by me as such. This difficulty can be easily avoided by following the sugges- tion made in my last letter, that you send your tender to Hon. Marcus M. Marks, President of the Borough of Manhattan. As soon as this is done, if you will forward me some extra copies, I shall be glad to place it before the board of engineers. Another suggestion contained in my letter of March 7th to which I would call your attention is that made relative to the form in which it was understood you were to submit your tender, which suggestion you have ignored in the tender made in your reply of March 9th. You will no doubt recall, and I have taken pains to verify my own recollection from notes kept by one gentleman who was present at the Union League dinner, and from the memory of another, that very considerable objection was raised at that time by Mr. Bruere, Mr. William Williams, and Mr. Goodrich to the proposed lump-sum offer for several reasons. One of these reasons was the possibility that the economies in the consumption of steam and electricity which are constantly being secured by the municipal authorities (especially in the use of electricity) might prove that $35,000 was an excessive sum to pay in the future for the Hall of Records service. To avoid this objection I believe you stated that your company would name a lump-sum for which it would supply steam and electricity equivalent to that which was required during 1913 in the group of buildings furnished with heat, light and power from the Hall of Records plant. This proposition was not satisfactory to the gentlemen present and, after an extended discussion, it was finally agreed that your company would submit a tender in which would be included a statement of the rates which would be applied to the 588 amount of electricity and steam actually consumed during any year, and a further guarantee that the total or maximum figure would not be above $35,000. Inasmuch as your tender to me does not conform to the above mentioned agree- ment, permit me to suggest that you change it to correspond with the agreed require- ments before forwarding it to the borough president unless you wish to have it understood that your company is unwilling to make a per K. W. rate for current, and a per thousand pounds rate for steam with the guarantee to which you have so frequently called attention. In the meantime, to avoid any possible criticism for having withheld any facts which should be placed before the mayor and the board of estimate, I am forwarding copies of the recent correspondence, and the letter of June 23, 1914, to which you have referred. Very truly yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. June 23, 1914. Dr. FrepericK A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: Dear Dr. CLEVELAND—Some questions have arisen, I understand, concerning the division of the costs of operating the electrical plant in the Hall of Records, under the recent test which has been conducted jointly by the city, the Bureau of Municipal Research and this Company. There is entire agreement, I believe, with the statement that the operation of the plant last year cost the City $39,309, not including interest or depreciation, the supply of water or administration; this figure also does not allow for the loss of taxes or the rental value of the space occupied by the plant. It is merely the operating cost. The present difference is as to the number of men and the amount of coal required were the electrical plant to be abandoned and the necessary current purchased from an outside source. One of the members of the Engineering Board maintains that of the present force of fifteen men, thirteen would be required were the plant abandoned; and of a coal cost last year of $15,296, more than $10,000 would be required for heating alone. To avoid any further questions upon these points, this Company would be prepared to obtain an arrangement under which the cost of operating the plant, with the aban- donment of the electrical part, would not exceed the sum of $25,000; the amount of electric current required can be purchased for about $12,720, making a total cost of operation under this plan of $37,720. We have given you the figure of $39,309 as the agreed upon operating cost of last year. To this sum should be added further agreed upon charges against the plant of $2,063, making a total of $41,372. Again, I might point out that this figure includes none of the “ fixed charges” to which reference has been previously made. Further- more, these additional charges represent the minimum views of the Engineering Board; thus only $512 was allowed as the value of the space occupied by the plant. But the comparative result of outside operation is so favorable that, waiving all of these points, it seems clear that the interests of the City are conserved by abandoning the plant. The total cost of last year’s operation, including these additional charges of $2,063, amounts to $41,372. Compared with this is the aggregate estimated cost of Edison service of $37,720, which shows a saving in favor of the City of $3,652. Again, I draw attention to the fact that this includes no allowance whatever upon the cost of the plant—approximately $80,000. Assuming the fixed charges to be as low as ten per cent. annually, this would represent a further cost of $8,000 to which the City is subjected. 589 Under these circumstances, does it not seem clear that the second Clause of the Agreement under which this test has been conducted should now become effective? This clause reads as follows: “Should the New York Edison Company be able to show at the conclusion of the test by means of the observations made that it can, with or without the combination of the service of the New York Steam Company, reduce the total annual cost for light, heat and power in the Hall of Records and the buildings in City Hall Park, then the installation of said service or services will be recom- mended to the proper authorities by the Committee of Engineers for the purpose of a trial for the period of one year.” It is understood that in accepting this recommendation, this Company will under- take to secure a contract for the operation of all but the electrical part of the equip- ment for $25,000, and to satisfy you of the approximate accuracy of its statement that the cost of the electric current supplied by the plant for the year to come will not exceed the sum of $12,720. Sincerely yours, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Inspector. 590 EXHIBIT 46 Communication to the Board of Estimate and Apportion- ment transmitting copies of correspondence relating to the Hall of Records test which had been received since March 22d when the last file of information was sent. This communication includes the minutes of the last meeting of the Board of Engineers; the affidavits supporting the Edison Company proposal; the resigna- tions of the Edison Company’s representatives from the Board of Engineers and other correspondence exchanged prior to May 29, 1916. Bureau of Municipal Research to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, May 29, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, March 18, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, March 22, 1916. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, March 27, 1916. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, March 27, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, March 29, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, March 31, 1916. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, April 5, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, April 10, 1916. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, April 11, 1916. Minutes of Meeting of Board of Engineers, April 28, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, April 27, 1916. Edison Company (Williams) to the Bureau of Municipal Research, May 8, 1916. E. F. Tweedy to Arthur Williams, May 2, 1916. R. P. Bolton to Arthur Williams, May 4, 1916. Reply of the Bureau of Municipal Research to the Edison Company, May 25, 1916. 591 May 29, 1916. Board of Estimate and Apportionment, City of New York: GENTLEMEN—With a view to completing to date your record of significant infor- mation and correspondence relating to the Hall of Records test, we desire to add the accompanying material to that already sent you on February 24th and March 22nd, 1916. Since our last communication to your board on this subject, the board of engineers, under whose supervision the test was conducted, have held a meeting and decided to make a report of their work. This report is now in galley form and should be com- pleted in the near future as soon as the various members of the board have had the opportunity to present statements of dissent or explanation for incorporation in the report. : You will note in the letters from the Edison Company that their two representa- tives disagree radically with the other members of the board in the policy of making public the report, as contemplated. Sincerely yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. March 18th, 1916. Dr. FrepertcK A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: My Dear Dr. CLeveLtanp—Permit me to acknowledge your favor of the 17th instant. Our tender in reference to the adoption of outside service was sent to you as Chairman of the Board of Engineers, understanding that this was the course to follow in connection with paragraph two of the agreement. We understand that our proposal should be made to the Board of Engineers, as the basis of the Board’s rec- ommendations to the City. These recommendations, of course, could not in any way commit the City, but in our judgment the agreement will not be fulfilled until, in view of the lower offer we are making, your Board takes that action. This agreement did not provide that we were to show to the Board of Engineers the method by which the cost of service would be lessened. Rather, it provided that if we could show at the conclusion of the test, by means of observations—in other words by estimate—that we could reduce the total cost of light, heat and power, the installation of our service would be recommended to the proper authorities by the Committee of Engineers for a trial period of one year. We have gone beyond this stipulation, however, and have divided our proposal into two parts—the electric and the steam; we have assured you that both statements are based on our standard rates as made either to the City or to the National Government, and, over all, so as to eliminate the possibility of any doubt whatsoever, we have offered to guarantee that the aggregate of both shall not exceed the sum of $35,000, which is $4,311 less than a part of the aggregate costs as unanimously agreed upon by your Board of Engineers. If this statement is not made with sufficient clearness, will you kindly have such a statement drawn as will conform with paragraph two of our contract and will be acted upon by your Board of Engineers in accordance with that agreement. As to the rate per kilowatt hour, the service of the Hall of Records and in the buildings connected with it would become a part of the service we are now rendering to the City for the group of buildings centering at the Hall of Records. This added service we estimate would cost the City the sum mentioned in our previous correspond- ence—$11,924.78. This figure is based upon the elimination of the current consumed in the plant portion of the building, as shown by the analysis of the Board of Engi- neers. Naturally, if the plant were abandoned the need for light and power in that portion of the building would be greatly reduced, and were our tender in reference to 592 the steam acceptable to the City, the price would be inclusive of such illumination as would be required in the part of the building devoted to the steam and mechanical plant, for our own purposes. The difference, however, is not material, one way or the other. The rate named for steam is 3714 cents a thousand pounds, corresponding to the rate we have made to the National Government. Accepting the figures of the City’s representative, Mr. Goodrich, or your own representatives, Messrs. Carpenter and Lucke, the total cost of operation, including steam and electricity, falls considerably within the admitted costs during the year of the test—$39,311.51. To make your position absolutely sure, we are prepared to place behind both estimates our own guarantee that a service at least equal in every respect to that of the year 1913 will be rendered to the City at a cost not exceeding $35,000. ‘My understanding is that having made this tender in good faith and that as the aggregate is less than the admitted costs of the year, the Board has practically no choice but to recommend the adoption of the proposal, if the terms of our agree- ment are to be fully complied with. I have carefully gone over the agreement again and believe that this is clearly the intent of the understanding, though, as I have several times stated to you, there is nothing in the recommendation of the Board of Engineers that need commit the City authorities. That such a recommendation should be made, in view of the foregoing, seems to be fully demanded by the conditions of our contract. May I again bring to your attention the absence of corresponding figures for the year 1912, which was also a part of the agreement. And I must also remind you that while we have a clear understanding as to the operating costs of the year, the Board of Engineers have apparently passed lightly over the question of “ fixed costs,” which again it was carefully stipulated should be included in the statement of the Board. Whether these costs have been incurred and become practically a fixture and can be little altered by any change in the plant is not the question. They are a part of the costs of operating the plant and will be of the utmost importance in determining future costs were a new understanding under contemplation. I know you will agree with me that whatever was agreed upon prior to the test as a basis for the proceeding should be in no way changed at the present time. May I be favored with a copy of your second letter to the Mayor, calling atten- tion to the error in your earlier letter? The report that the City would have lost some $9,400 had it used the service of this Company during the year of the test re- ceived such wide circulation in the papers we are all very hopeful that the Bureau, recognizing the seriousness of the error, will seek to have it corrected with at least an equal degree of publicity. Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. March 22nd, 1916. Dr. Freperick A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: My Dear Dr. CLeveLaANnD—Mr. F. R. Low, Editor of “ Power,” asks that he be allowed to have access to the data on the Hall of Records test. He says that if he can obtain the data, “ Power” will prepare its own analysis, making it fair to both sides—an assurance which, with Mr. Low’s reputation, would not be necessary. Permit me to say, on behalf of this Company, that we should be very glad if all the data resulting from the test could be placed at the disposal of Mr. Low and his 593 paper. We feel that the public, particularly that part which is interested in the technique of these questions, is entitled to the fullest information on this subject. Trusting that this course may be practicable, Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. March 27, 1916. Mr. ArtHuR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place & 15th Street, City: My Dear Mr. Wittiams—Referring to your letter of March 22d in which you stated that your company would be very glad to have all the data resulting from the test placed at the disposal of Mr. Low, the editor of ‘“ Power,” in order that he may prepare an analysis for publication, I would call your attention to the fact that the board of engineers has already made a ruling upon this question which is to the effect that no chart, data or other information should be given to anyone until the report of the board was released. I will, however, bring this matter to the attention of the board of engineers imme- diately so that they may act upon it at their meeting. Very truly yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. P. S.—AIl of the information that has heretofore been made public in correspond- ence with the city authorities will be made available to Mr. Low on application. March 27, 1916. Mr. ArTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place & 15th Street, New York City: My Dear Mr. Witt1ams—Paragraph two of the agreement to which you refer in the opening paragraph of your letter of the 18th is as follows: “Should the New York Edison Company be able to show at the conclusion of the test, by means of the observations made, that it can, with or without the combination of the service of the New York Steam Company, reduce the total annual cost for light, heat and power in the Hall of Records and the buildings in City Hall Park, then the installation of the said service or services will be recommended to the proper authorities by the committee of engineers for the purpose of a trial for the period of one year.” Although I was not present when this agreement was drafted, my understanding is that it was not contemplated that the Edison Company would attempt to cut their own rates down to a point where they could make a showing below the established cost, but rather that the engineers would reach this decision from the results of the test, having before them the rates which the Edison Company was then charging the ity. = My further understanding is that there was no other concept of the problem which was before the board of engineers until you made a proposal to obtain an arrangement for operating the plant of the Hall of Records with the abandonment 594 of the electrical part at a cost not to exceed the sum of $25,000 and stated that the amount of electric current required could be purchased for about $12,720—making a total cost of $37,720, to which proposal you added the guarantee that the cost of current would not exceed $12,720 for the succeeding year. Later you superseded this preliminary proposal by your statements at the informal conference at the Union League Club, which have been mentioned in my last letter, but so far you have neglected to forward to the proper authorities the formal tender which it was under- stood you would prepare. I do not understand that the board of engineers were in a position either to receive proposals for the city of New York or to consider any rate or business arrange- ment that had not been formally made by the Edison Company. There was nothing before the engineers at the time you ordered Mr. Bolton to publish your report, to the effect that the Edison Company would furnish service at $35,000 except an informal conversation with one of the officers of the company. With this in mind I had assumed, and I think that the members of the board of engineers had assumed, that the data that they were called up to consider were actual business arrangements or proposals and not simply hypothetical questions. Furthermore, I do not believe that the board would be willing to act upon the various detached statements which have been made in your letters to me even if the board were in a position to receive proposals for the city and the statements covered the points which it was understood your tender would cover. There is no reason why the board of engineers should be called upon to spend their time on a proposition which, for reasons of public policy, the officers of the city could not accept. At the Union League conference it was specifically stated that any proposition which came from the Edison Company must come in terms of rates and quantities so that the city and the public might know what the Edison proposition involved. Until a proposition is made to the city which will conform to what the officers of the city present at the conference stated would be necessary in order to have them consider it, we have nothing before us except the rate which the Edison Company has been charging the city and the schedule of Edison rates which has been made public. Another point which we should not lose sight of in all this discussion of the special case of the Hall of Records, is the main object which we all had in mind when the test was started and which was so well stated in one of your past letters where you refer to the proposed test of the steam and electrical plant at the American Museum of Natural History, the plant which was first selected for a test, as follows: “A test conducted under these conditions will be of great value, we believe, in assisting to reach a solution of the questions to which your Bureau has been giving so much recent attention—particularly in buildings of this type. Our understanding is that the test is to determine— (1) The cost of operating the existing plant for the supply of light, heat and power, and (2) The prospective cost of electric service obtained from an outside source. In other words, would it be cheaper to operate the boilers only for heating, purchasing electric current from an outside source; or would it be cheaper to continue the operation of the entire plant as at present? To this original object the consideration of an outside steam supply as well as an outside electrical supply has been added. This has apparently complicated the problem and made it essential for clarity of thought and deduction when comparing this test with the operation of other buildings to impress upon those interested, as far as possible, all of the general and most of the minor differences which influence the results. 595 With respect to your request for a suggestion as to a method of bringing the matter to a final issue, may I submit this: that it would be very easy for you to Prepare a tender which I believe would be satisfactory to the board of engineers, and at the same time conform both to the agreement and to the subsequent understanding reached at the informal conference at the Union League Club to which you were a party and with which understanding you were then in agreement. The tender should contain— (1) A definite statement of just how many pounds of steam and kilowatt hours of electricity your company intends to supply or to procure to replace that required by the Hall of Records and connected buildings. (2) The unit rates for electricity and for steam which will apply to the quantity actually consumed. (3) Enough information concerning the sources or the proposed sources of electricity and steam to show the board of engineers that the Edison Com- pany is actually in a position to render the service offered and that it can reasonably be expected that the city, by the acceptance of your company’s offer, will secure an advantage over the present conditions. (4) A statement of what alterations, if any, will be made to the plant or equipment as the result of the acceptance of your proposition and who is to pay the cost of such changes, keeping in mind the expressed conclusion on the part of the city authorities, that the present equipment must be maintained in condition to operate independently. 1 In addition, the tender may contain the lump-sum guarantee which you have cited in conference and in your letters and should be sent to the borough president of Manhattan, Hon. Marcus M. Marks, with the request that he lay it before the board of engineers for their action. It is not absolutely essential that this offer should be transmitted directly to the borough president, although it was understood that this procedure was preferable. I shall be very glad to forward the formal tender to him, at your request, if you will make it plain in case the city should accept the offer that such acceptance will constitute a contract. It would also greatly assist readers of a report on the test in reaching a con- clusion on the original object, if you would state whether the rates you cite for the steam and electrical service are generally applicable to city buildings or only locally to the City Hall group. I shall not attempt to cover in this letter all of the points which you raise in yours of the 18th, as the receipt of a formal tender, which I assume you are willing to submit, will make this unnecessary. There is, however, one point mentioned in the last paragraph of your letter which indicates that you misunderstand our position. We know of no error in any of our statements to the mayor or the board of estimate and apportionment. We believe that we have made it plain that your preliminary offer was superseded by your action of February 9, 1915, which indicated your desire to make a new offer, and therefore the first proposal has no bearing on the present situation. However, we did forward to the mayor and the board of estimate a copy of the June 23rd letter, in conformity with your suggestion, together with copies of other correspondence with a view to making available all the facts which have since been changed. A copy of this communication is enclosed for your reference. Permit me to add in closing a further suggestion that you can easily make further correspondence unnecessary and get your proposition before the board of engineers quickly, if you will send several copies of your formal tender to me for distribution prior to the next meeting of the board, which I expect will be called shortly. Very truly yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. 596 March 29th, 1916. Dr. Freperick A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: My Dear Dr. CLeveLanp—Permit me to acknowledge your favor of the 27th instant, in further reference to placing at the disposal of “Power” the details of the test at the Hall of Records. It is not my understanding that any action by the Board of Engineers could be considered as binding either upon the City, the Bureau of Municipal Research or ourselves unless it received our own approval. The under- standing under which the test was conducted is expressed in the three cornered agreement made in advance of the test. May I send to you the enclosed copy of a letter which was received this morning from Mr. D. W. Payne, Editor of “Steam,” in which he refers to the period, of more than two years, that elapsed after the completion of the test and a report that the test was unfavorable to us and that this Company was—as I so often informed you—instrumental in delaying its publication; he further points out that these rumors were never contradicted—which, as you know, is not the fact. In replying to Mr. Payne I am expressing a willingness to join with him in asking that the facts of the test be released for his scrutiny and such complete publicity as he desires to give to the result. I find myself entirely unable to subscribe to any action on the part of the Board of Engineers, which, after more than two years, continues to withhold from the fullest publication all of the details of the test. Sincerely yours, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. March 31, 1916. Dr. Frepertck A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: My Dear Dr. CLeveLtanp—Permit me to acknowledge your favor of the 27th instant. You are quite correct in assuming that the agreement relating to the Hall of Records test did not contemplate any proposal to the City which would involve a “cut” or discriminatory rate. If you will examine our recent correspondence, you will find it repeatedly stated that we have neither contemplated nor offered any such rate in any form whatever; that both the law and the Public Service Commission would not permit such an act, even were we inclined to adopt such an unlawful course; further, that in our opinion the officials of the City would not accept a rate of a discriminatory nature. On the contrary, it has been repeatedly stated that the estimated cost of Edison service is based upon the assumption that the current required for the Hall of Records and the other installations supplied during the year of test would be supplied under and as a part and at the established rates of the existing contract with the City for the City Hall service group. We have gone further and explained that the esti- mated kilowatt hour consumption is based upon the meter records of the year 1913, deducting from those records the current as assigned by the Board of Engineers used in conjunction with or for the operation of the plant, to which, however, an amount was added deemed sufficient for the basement or the subbasement were the service supplied from an outside source. We have also pointed out on several occasions that the price named for steam— 3714¢ a thousand pounds—is the price at which other buildings are supplied, with presumably a fair margin of profit. Likewise, in connection with the steam, we have 597 Presented to you, as Chairman of the Board of Engineers, our estimates, with a request that the communication be considered as a formal tender, through you to your Board, based upon the estimates of the three groups of representatives—(a) those of the City; (b) your own, and (c) those of this Company. While the first two estimates, to which attention has been drawn, contain obvious oversights or errors, the margin of safety in even the highest estimate is so great that we have. gladly based our figures upon any one of the three. ; Our own opinion, which is sustained by the opinion of other engineers having wide experience in the supply of steam service, holds as to the substantial correctness of the lowest estimate—that of our own representatives on the Board of Engineers. Between this estimate, however, and our guarantee to the City, of a maximum annual cost of $35,000, there is a margin of more than $4,600, which is more than a sufficient “factor of safety.” With the opinion you express that the Board of Engineers is not in a position “either to receive proposals for the City of New York or to consider any rate or business arrangement that had not been formally made by this (The New York Edison) Company,” we are in entire accord. There is nothing in our agreement which places such a responsibility upon the Board of Engineers, or which indicates that any such responsibility could be assumed by the Board. In our judgment, the Board can consider only a statement of cost by which, quoting from paragraph two of the agreement, we can “show at the conclusion of the test, by means of the observations made, that it (The New York Edison Company) can, with or without ' the combination of the service of The New York Steam Company, reduce the total annual cost for light, heat and power in the Hall of Records and the buildings in City Hall Park”; when this has been done, then, again quoting the second paragraph, “the installation of the said service or services will be recommended to the proper authorities by the Committee of Engineers for the purpose of a trial for the period of one year.” In view of our letter of March 18th, which I again ask you to consider as a formal tender on our part, to duplicate all of the services, for light, heat and power required in the building under the conditions of the test of 1913, at the standard rates of this Company as applicable to any other buildings of the City, and at the established rate for steam in any building belonging to the City, where similar conditions exist and outside service is available, as is the case in connection with the Hall of Records; to guarantee that the use of electric current, being modified only in so far as the need for service may be lessened through the abandonment of the plant, and the use of steam, being modified only in so far as the quantity of steam then required by the City is reduced, through the non-operation of the steam consuming parts of the plant; all these services to be rendered at the standard rates, as before stated, with a guarantee on the part of this Company that the aggregate annual cost shall not exceed the sum of $35,000; thus you have before you a guarantee insuring to the City a saving of $4,311.51, in comparison with the simple operating costs, of $39,311.51, these operating costs being exclusive of all elements of fixed charges, and as unanimously determined by the Board of Engineers for the year 1913. You are aware, of course, that all of the City’s contracts require a surety bond, so that if the foregoing tender be accepted the City will be adequately protected from every point of view. If this proposal is not satisfactory to the Board of Engineers, may I suggest that we would be prepared to accept a modification of paragraph two, permitting the Board of Engineers to report that it has received from The New York Edison Company a proposal in accordance with the foregoing and that if such a proposal be tendered to the City, in accordance with the City’s procedure usual in these matters, the Board of Engineers recommends the adoption of the service of The New York Edison Company in accordance with the provisions of paragraph two. 598 Your suggestion that we make this proposal, which is only made as a feature of our agreement covering the test, to the President of the Borough of Manhattan, is not in accordance with the conditions of the contract covering the test, nor would it be in keeping with the custom under which the City asks and obtains bids and contracts for its various services. Later, after the Board of Engineers has complied with the various terms of our agreement, we shall be glad to take such steps as may be usual in presenting the matter to the authorities, with such assurances as the City may require on its own behalf. There was no understanding or expectation that any tender of this Company made to the City would be passed upon by your Engineers; simply that we should in good faith make a statement of cost to your Board and that were it to indicate a saving to the City compared with the agreed cost of operating the plant, the Board would recommend the City’s adoption of our proposal and then its responsibility would cease. As I have repeatedly said in the past, there has never been any agreement or suggestion of an agreement that the Board of Engineers would secure the abandon- ment of the operation of this plant as a result of the test. It had no power to enter upon such an agreement and we thoroughly understood that there might be reasons why, in the judgment of the authorities, the continuation of the present practice might be deemed desirable—a conclusion which, if reached, would be entirely acceptable to ourselves, conscious of the fact that those who are conducting our municipal affairs are men of the highest rectitude, continuously aiming to serve the public in the most conscientious and efficient manner. As I think you intend to convey in a part of your letter, the purpose of this test was not to secure necessarily a change in any existing operation, but to deter- mine, as accurately as could be determined, the cost of operating an electric power and steam heating plant for the City’s property. ' For this purpose the most efficient and ably managed plant in the service of the City was selected. The agreement was drawn after the fullest consideration and was entered upon in good faith by the three parties to it, and we must again ask that it be complied with fairly, without omissions or modifications; or that we be given, at the earliest'convenience of the Board, a statement that it will not so comply with the provisions, thus permitting a full understanding upon the matters which have already extended into an unusual volume of correspondence. Following are the important, or essential, items which I again draw to your attention and which for the sake of definiteness I will separate into paragraphs and number: (1) The annual costs of operation during the year 1911, as provided under paragraph 1, for purposes of comparison. (2) The procedure agreed upon under paragraph 2 has not been followed. This, as you of course recall, is the paragraph around which a great deal of our recent correspondence has centered. (3) The agreement covered in paragraph 7 that “at the conclusion of the test the operating data obtained are to be submitted by the consulting engineers to a group of accountants representing the President of the Borough of Manhattan, the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, The New York Edison Company and the Bureau of Municipal Research, to ascertain the: cost of gen- erating light, heat and power during the test period” has not been complied with. On the contrary, if I understand this agreement correctly, accountants connected only with the Bureau of Municipal Research have passed upon this data and the conclusions reached in your letter of February 24th addressed tc the Mayor, concerning which I will speak later, were based merely upon an ex-parte expression of their opinions. (4) Further agreements covered by paragraph 7 have not been carried out, f 599 in that the statements of cost as thus far prepared by the Board of Engineers, or at least as thus far made public, have not been inclusive of “ superintendence, including a proper proportion of the cost of departmental supervision ”; “ interest and depreciation”; the cost to the City by increased rates for the Brooklyn Bridge service, due to the elimination of a part of the service and its supply from the plant in the Hall of Records; “the fixed charges resulting from the addition of electrical conductors and appliances connecting the plant of the Hall of Records with the City Hall, County Court and City Court Buildings”; “the cost to the City of water used in the plant and of ashes removed therefrom”; the loss of taxes. All of the items covered in this group were to be determined by the Board of Accountants upon which this Company was to be represented. In passing and referring to the paragraph at the top of page 3 of your letter of the 27th instant, may I say that nothing whatever has been added to our original agreement or to my own understanding as to the purpose for which this test was conducted. The City, and every other operator of realty, is interested in the total cost of light, heat and power—not in any single item of cost. Very often misunder- standings and errors will creep into an effort to segregate a part of the cost from the whole. In dividing the total cost of operation, about which there can be little or no question where the accounts are kept accurately, error of judgment is often found in assigning to the cost of heating various portions of fuel, labor, repairs and other expenses. It was to avoid this very thing that the agreement was reached that the tender of this Company should be inclusive of all of the service, rather than of a part. Thus, the agreement permits us to offer the definite maximum figure of $35,000 as comprehensive of all of the service of 1913, instead of confining our offer to but a part of that service, thus avoiding the possibility of error, which we know you would be as anxious as we to have avoided in a matter of this kind. As to our understanding in reference to your letter of February 24th addressed to Mayor Mitchel, this appears to have been a personal letter addressed directly to the Mayor, in which almost at the concluding point you say—a conclusion for which no justification exists in any part of this entire transaction—the “substitution of Edison service would result in a loss to the City of approximately $9,400 per year.” The statement is preceded by one to the effect that it is the conclusion of the Bureau’s consulting engineers and followed by a certain degree of qualification in a stated rate for the service. But I think that you, and anyone else having a fair mind, will agree that the thought which will remain in the mind of Mayor Mitchel is the one which I have included in the quotation marks. In fact, this, I judge, was your intent. My understanding is that the relation of the Bureau of Municipal Research in this matter is that of an arbitrator, representing fairly and impartially this Company as well as the City. If this is a correct view—and any other must mean that you are a partisan either of this Company or of the advocates of the private plant—I cannot free my mind from the feeling that any statement thus representing the views of your engineers, if you deemed necessary that it be made, should have been offset by a further statement placing fairly before Mayor Mitchel and the Board of Estimate our first tender made to you personally, in writing, on June 23, 1914, to operate this plant at a cost not exceeding $37,720 annually, which would have saved the City something over $3,000; and our second tender at the Union League Club, of $35,000, afterwards repeated by Mr. Bolton of the Board of Engineers, which would have saved the City $4,311. It does not appeal to me as an adequate offset that you have subsequently filed with the Board of Estimate and Apportionment copies of our letters protesting against the impression conveyed to Mayor Mitchel in your letter of February 24th. However, for the moment we leave all this to your sense of right and fairness, for 600 our correspondence has reached a very considerable length and we do not wish to prolong it. We shall, therefore, confine ourselves to asking again, at this late day, that the conditions of the agreement be fulfilled, or that the Board of Engineers definitely state its unwillingness or inability to comply with the agreement, more especially in reference to the four instances to which I have drawn attention in an earlier part of this communication. It occurs to us that, with all of the facts so clearly established, possibly one of the other civic bodies of the City, such as the Merchants’ Association, which has a very capable Department of Economics, administered under the direction of men of wide experience upon such questions as are presented by the non-technical engineering features of the test and possessing the highest measure of public confidence, could be. invited to pass upon those features, the importance of which seems to have escaped the attention of some of the members of the Board of Engineers. The possible desirability of asking the Merchants’ Association to represent us in this matter on the Accounting Committee, or to join with you in referring these features of the report to the Association, suggests itself as one of the ways of obtaining an expert and adequate opinion upon the extent to which interest, depreciation and other charges of a fixed nature are, or in the event of a new tndertaking would be, a burden upon the City. Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. April 5, 1916. Mr. ArTHuR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Fifteenth Street & Irving Place, New York, N. Y.: My Dear Mr. Wittiams—Your letter of March 3lst contains statements and raises questions which I will place before the board of engineers for its action at the next meeting. This meeting will be called some time this month. I trust the test can be closed up and consigned to the realms of history at that time. You will perhaps recall that in my letter of February 7th I stated that the various fragments of the record had been brought together and it was only a question of placing them in a form in which they could be brought before the board for final action. Copies of this material are now being made and should be completed very shortly. There is one question raised in my last two letters which you have so far neglected to answer and that is in substance, whether you intend to prepare a formal offer to the borough president of Manhattan, in accordance with the understanding reached at the Union League Club, the various terms of which I have outlined, or’ whether you wish me to understand that your company is now unwilling to carry out your verbal offer. As I have stated before, it is understood that your earlier offer was superseded by the verbal proposal of February 9, 1915, the details of which were to be incorporated in a formal tender to the borough president. Very sincerely yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. 601 April 10th, 1916. Dr. Freperick A. CLeveLanp, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: My Dear Dr. CLEveELAND—Permit me to acknowledge your favor of the 5th instant, in further reference to the Hall of Records test. The last paragraph of your courteous letter is not clear to me. I refer to that part where you indicate that I have not answered, at least in substance, your inquiries as to whether we intend to repeat in a formal manner the offer made at the Union League Club. If you will have our recent correspondence reviewed, I think you will find a number of letters to the effect that this Company is prepared and will tender to the City standard rates, for light, power and steam, which, under the several items as esti- mated, would not exceed the sum of $30,324 annually, and to insure to the City an absolute limit we are prepared to guarantee a maximum cost for this service, dupli- cating that of the year of the test, 1913, of $35,000. It occurs to me that we may be writing at cross purposes, through perhaps some misunderstanding of our agreement. As I interpret paragraph 2, this Company’s estimate of the cost of its service is to be tendered to the Board of Engineers and thereupon must be considered by the Board as a part of its conclusions, in accord- ance with the terms of that paragraph. Your Board has no further responsibility than to present its report in accordance with this portion of our agreement. A contract between the City and this Company, if one be made, must, under the charter, take a different course. With the completion of the report of the Board of Engineers and its submission to the Borough President, we presume he will give the matter consideration, and, if meeting with his views, will advertise for bids, under specifications which will be prepared by the proper department of the City, and this Company will bid upon the service. Our bid would be based upon figures no higher than those which I have given you and would include the maximum pro- visions to which I have referred. My understanding is, may I repeat, that a contract with the City really has nothing whatever to do with the report of the Board of Engineers. There may be reasons, quite sufficient to the administration, why the character of the service at the Hall of Records should not be changed. There was no promise, directly or implied, in the earlier negotiations, either on the part of the representatives of the City or the Bureau of Municipal Research, that the test would of necessity lead to the abandon- ment of the plant, whatever might be the relative showing. That was the decision at the time and the conditions were accepted by this Company. The immediate object was not the abandonment of the plant, but to ascertain the cost of operating the plant, so that either the economy or the lack of economy of purchasing service from outside sources for buildings now without plants and the course to pursue in regard to future structures to be erected by the City might be better understood. I doubt that any member of the Board will question the good faith of this Company in the tenders we have made. My last letter, however, indicated a method whereby the recommendations of the Board under paragraph 2 could be so made that they would be in effect dependent upon a formal tender to the City if called for by the City, being based upon the rates and the conditions which I have endeavored so fully to outline in the course of our correspondence. Your favor of the 5th instant makes no reference to those features of the report which were to be covered by expert accountants. We, of course, are much more anxious to have the facts accurately recorded than we are concerned with the method by which this end is accomplished. The whole question of fixed charges was passed over so lightly in the report I have seen upon this element of cost that I am con- vinced were such a course to be followed in the final report our Company would not concur in the modification of the agreement and would feel compelled to ask that 602 this feature, which is so largely one of accounting, be properly passed upon and should probably invite, as our representative upon the Accounting Committee, the Research Bureau of The Merchants’ Association, which has so ably demonstrated its competency to pass adequately upon questions of this nature. I feel, however, that this matter will be covered in your conclusions and that, on your own behalf, you would not ask us to accept ex parte or incompetent opinions and conclusions upon a feature of the test—the fixed charges, including interest, depreciation and sinking fund, and the other items indicated in our agreement—of such large relative importance. Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. April 11, 1916. Mr. ArtHuR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager, New York Edison Company, Irving Place & 15th Street, New York City: My Dear Mr. Wittiams—Your reply of April 10 to my letter of the 5th has been received and | will place its contents before the board of engineers for its action at the next meeting, which I expect will be called some time during the week of April 24th. Very truly yours, (Signed) F. A. CLEVELAND, Director. BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH OFFICE, 261 BROADWAY, April 28, 1916 at BUREAU OF MUNICIPAL RESEARCH OFFICE, 261 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY Present: Dr. F. A. Cleveland, Chairman and Mr. R. W. Parlin of the B. M. R. Staff oe s ona Engineering counsel for B. M. R. Captain A. B. Fry, representing city, and department of water supply, gas and electricity Mr. E. P. Goodrich and Mr. Bates—representing city and borough of Manhattan Mr. R. P. Bolton and Mr. McHolland Mr. E. F. Tweedy and Mr. Mason J representing the New York Edison Company A meeting of the board of engineers was held on April 28, 1916, for the purpose of considering in a formal way the report material which had been, prior to that time, placed in the hands of each member for review. Mr. Bolton called attention to a letter from Mr. Arthur Williams to Dr. Cleveland (see copy enclosed) asking the status of the city’s representatives, it being understood that both Mr. Sever and Mr. Goodrich had left the city’s service. In answer to this it was stated that Captain A. B. Fry has been designated by the commissioner of the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity to replace 603 Mr. Sever, and that while Dr. Goodrich had within the past two weeks become associated with the Bureau of Municipal Research, yet he would continue to represent the president of the borough of Manhattan on several matters, among which is the Hall of Records test, and that the Bureau in its capacity as referee in this case would depend upon the engineering counsel which has represented it in the past. Mr. Bolton first entered a protest against the arrangement (apparently meaning Mr. Goodrich) and then continued by calling attention to clauses 1 to 7 of the agreement where he asserted reference was specifically made to the questions of fixed charges and their relation to the service for the purpose of bringing out the whole cost of operation of the plant as an investment on the part of the city. He further stated that the tentative report presented for review in galley form failed to deal with these questions, and, furthermore, that they had not been dealt with in the manner provided in the agreement which calls for the passing upon these items by a group of accountants. He moved that the interest charges and their relation to the total cost of electricity and steam service in addition to the operating costs designated be referred to the group of accountants as stipulated in sections 1 to 7 in the agreement of June 3, 1912. This motion was seconded by Mr. Tweedy and a very extended discussion took place between the members of the board, in which it was suggested, on one hand, that the matters of fixed charges had been taken up by a special subcommittee and later discussed in full by the general board, and that it had been impossible for either the subcommittee or the board of engineers to reach a definite conclusion; that as a result it had been decided that the matters be left in the form of briefs setting forth the conclusions of the various members of the board; that the main interest _ in this case is one of comparative costs not absolute costs; that the difference would be small in these items in any event; that a committee of accountants had been called in early in the case upon the recommendation of the general board, and after laying out the classification of accounts, this committee had either been discharged or had gone out of existence because of lack of work; that the special committees on fixed charges and on the preparation of the report material, on one of which Mr. Bolton was a member, had neither of them insisted upon the need of using the accountants further; in fact, the question had only been brought up very recently although there has been plenty of chance during the past two years for such work to be done; that by referring the data to accountants in accord with the clause in paragraph 1 of the agreement— “The determination of the various items in the accounts making up the total cost of the supply of electricity and steam heat shall be agreed upon by the engineers and accountants, and the accountants shall be advised by the engineers as to the various items which shall be chargeable to the different accounts.” —when the engineers had been unable to decide between themselves as to what items should be charged to the different accounts, would only result in the placing of the determination of the cost on the accountants and not on the engineers; that the accountants could only act as judges as to the theories on which the engineers of the two sides of the case had arrived at their several figures; that such action could only delay the report and add to its cost, for the meeting on which no funds are available; that the briefs already submitted form data upon which any disinterested examiner of this particular subject could arrive at his own conclusion; and in any case that the matter of fixed charges as stated in the agreement was not material to the point of real issue and can be dispensed with. On the other hand, it was urged by Mr. Bolton and Mr. Tweedy that the board should live up to the agreement as they interpreted it; that the engineers had agreed upon the items of cost, meaning the elements of cost, but not upon the value of the 604 items, and that the establishment of the values was the work for accountants; that the agreement was made between the New York Edison Company, the City of New York and the Bureau of Municipal Research, and that the board of engineers had no power to vary it in any respect; that the board was formed by and received direc- tions in the agreement which they should carry out so far as it lies in their power, and that the board has so far not only failed to carry out clause 1, but clause 2 of the contract as well. In answer to this it was pointed out that the original so-called contract has been modified in several cases by the board, as, for instance, in the abandonment of the policy of running check tests once a month or at some such period during the year; that the board is sitting in an advisory or consulting relation and it is for the board to determine to what extent its deliberations and conclusions shall go; that if it appears that the board cannot agree on the items to be referred to the accountants, the board can reach that conclusion and the agreement could not compel them to do more than state that fact; that under the circumstances to put the matter before accountants might constitute the substituting of a board of accountants for the deter- mination of the various items which the engineers by the agreement were to determine; that the agreement, which was called by the representatives of the Edison Company a contract, could not be considered as limiting the discretionary powers of the members of the board; and that the board has a perfect right to report to their principals that they are unable to reach certain conclusions as is true in this case. A decided difference of opinion existed between the members of the board as to whether or not the clause before quoted puts upon the accounts the requirement that they shall evaluate the various elements and, in order that a conclusion on this point might be reached, an affirmative substitute motion for that of Mr. Bolton’s was offered as follows: “That in determining its report the board of engineers dispense with the requirements set forth in the last paragraph of section one of the agreement (as revised June 3, 1912), said paragraph of said section one reading as follows: ““The determination of the various items in the accounts making up the total cost of the supply of electricity and steam heat shall be agreed upon by the engineers and accountants, and the accountants shall be advised by the engineers as to the various items which shall be chargeable to the different accounts. The accountants referred to are those designated in accordance with clause 7.’ together with that portion of section 7 which reads as follows: “At the conclusion of the test the operating data obtained are to be submitted by the consulting engineers to a group of accountants representing the president of the borough of Manhattan, the department of water supply, gas and electricity, the New York Edison Company, and the Bureau of Municipal Research, to ascertain the cost of generating light, heat and power during the test period.’” During the discussion of this motion it was stated that this motion was under- stood to be in effect a statement on the part of the board that they had found it impractical to carry out this portion of the agreement. This motion was carried by a vote of 4 to 2, Messrs. Tweedy and Bolton voting in the negative and Messrs. Fry, Goodrich, Lucke and Carpenter in the affirmative. Following this it was moved and carried by a vote of 4 to 2, Messrs. Bolton and Tweedy voting in the negative, that “the report be adopted as offered, subject to correction of typographical errors and the completion of unfinished parts; that all those in dissent therefrom be privileged to express that dissent and enter a minority statement, or that those voting for the adoption of the report be privileged to submit, 605 if they desire, a statement explaining their vote, and that the completion of the report should be left in the hands of the Bureau with the understanding that the members of the board should bring any errors to the attention of the Bureau for correction. Attention was called by Mr. Bolton to clause 2 of the agreement and the state- ment made that the New York Edison Company had shown that they could reduce the total cost of light and power to a sum of $33,000, that the Edison Company had reenforced this by an offer to the members of the committee of the board of engineers and city officials present at a dinner at the Union League Club, February 9, 1915, whereby the New York Edison Company guaranteed that the annual operating cost for light and power under the use of their system should not exceed the sum of $35,000. In connection with this statement a resolution was offered and attention was directed to a letter in the hands of Dr. Cleveland, the chairman of the board, from Mr. Arthur Williams containing two affidavits bearing upon this guarantee (see copy enclosed). The resolution was as follows: “WHEREAS, the several parties to the Hall of Records test by agreement of June 3, 1912, mutually agreed as follows: “Clause 2. ‘Should the New York Edison Company be able to show at the conclusion of the test, by means of the observations made, that it can, with or without the combination of the service of the New York Steam Company, reduce the total annual cost for light, heat and power in the Hall of Records and the buildings in City Hall Park, then the installation of said service or services will be recommended to the proper authorities by the committee of engineers for the purpose of a trial for the period of one year,’ and “WHEREAS, the New York Edison Company has been able to show that it can and will reduce the total annual cost for light, heat and power substantially below the actual cost determined to prevail during the year 1913, and has further offered in writing its guarantee that said costs shall in no case exceed the sum of $35,000 or $4,000 less than the cost obtaining during the year 1913, “RESOLVED, that the Committee of Engineers now recommend to the President of the Borough of Manhattan and to the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity and its Bureau of Light and Power, the installation of the service of the New York Edison Company in the Hall of Records and other buildings served therefrom in the City Hall Park for all purposes of electric light and power; for the purpose of a trial under the conditions proposed and guarantee offered by the New York Edison Company for at least a period of one year.” The letter and two affidavits claimed to show that under the conditions existing in 1913, and at standard and prevailing rates of service of the Edison Company, the cost of electrical service for the Hall of Records and connected buildings would not exceed $11,529.24 and that the New York Edison Company has a proposal from a corporation in good standing located in the City of New York, whose business is to operate steam plants in private buildings, to furnish the coal, labor, supplies and repairs necessary for full and complete operation of the steam and mechanical plant of the Hall of Records exclusive of the electrical generating units for an annual cost of between $20,350 and $23,000 depending upon whether the estimates of the engineers representing the New York Edison Company, the engineers representing the New York Bureau of Municipal Research, or those of Mr. E. P. Goodrich, rep- resenting the city, be considered. In the discussion of the resolution objection was raised on the ground that the proposition could not be interpreted as showing that the service of the New York 606 Steam Company together with that of the New York Edison Company will reduce the total cost (as required in clause 2 of the agreement) and that the board has not received and does not in these affidavits receive data which is sufficient to demon- strate the things which are called for in section 2 of the agreement, nor has any data that could be considered by the board to fulfill the terms of the agreement been submitted prior to this meeting other than that which was brought out by the test and the existing rates during the test period. It was suggested that the statements made in the affidavits and letter are not of the sort that the board of engineers has any right to consider under the circum- stances that have surrounded the test and report, as they constitute in themselves practically nothing more than a certification of what may be secured, while the board of engineers is concerned with quantities and rates and with the application of those quantities and rates to the particular conditions with which they are dealing; that the statements in the affidavits, etc., while they might and no doubt are of interest to city authorities, yet they cannot be considered of benefit to the board of engineers. The form of the proposal submitted by the New York Edison Company was debated at some length by the members of the board after which it was stated that the affidavits are in fact nothing but what has been presented before and substantiate the proposals made in letters to the chairman. Attention was directed to the fact that an informal understanding had been reached at the dinner at the Union League Club that with any up-set price which would be submitted by the Edison Company, there would also be submitted rates at which electricity and steam would be supplied and that the question had been raised at that time by the city chamberlain and the engineers who were representatives for the city as to whether the city could properly enter into an agreement with the Edison Company where the unit rate was not expressed, without laying itself open to charge that it was accepting a special arrange- ment with a public service corporation when the government is in the business of regulating public service corporations so as not to cause injustice to various users. Attention was also directed to the fact that the rate referred to in the proposal by the Edison Company is different from the rate existing at the time the test was conducted, and that improvements in operating conditions have also changed the possibilities as to the isolated plant. It was pointed out that the proposal contem- plated the operation of the city plant by a private company, and there being no details presented, serious question was raised as to whether the proposition con- templated the same rates of wages, or hours of labor which were customary in the city service, and it was considered very questionable whether any proposition which did not contemplate such rates of wages, hours of labor, etc., could be entertained. The question of whether the so-called municipal rate was different from the general wholesale rate to private consumers was not definitely answered but it was understood that it was different though not lower than given to private consumers for equal conditions of use. It was finally voted that the proposed resolution was not an expression of the view of the board by a vote of two in favor of Mr. Bolton’s resolution and four against, Messrs. Bolton and Tweedy voting in the affirmative. Following this, the following motion was put and carried by a vote of 4 in favor, the representatives of the Edison Company not voting, by agreement: Resolved that this committee of engineers now recommend to the president of the Borough of Manhattan and to the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, a consideration of the expediency or inexpediency of the installa- tion of the service of the New York Edison Company both for steam and electrical current in the Hall of Records and other buildings served therefrom in the City Hall Park, for all purposes of light, heat and power, and that the facts and data of this report be taken into account in the study of the problem, as well as 607 the conditions of operation, the changes in public service rates that have developed since the close of the test, and the proposal made by the New York Edison Company. , Meeting adjourned. April 27th, 1916. Dr. Freperick A. CLEVELAND, Director, Bureau of Municipal Research, 261 Broadway, New York City: My Dear Dr. CLeveLanp—In view of the repeated errors respecting the cost of Edison service for the Hall of Records—most notably now in the proofs of the Com- mittee’s report—I am sending you an affidavit to the effect that under the condi- tions existing in 1913, and at the standard and prevailing rates of this Company, the cost of the electrical service cannot exceed the sum of $11,529.24. Also I send you an affidavit to the effect that we have a proposal for the operation of the steam plant and the supply of steam at a cost, under the estimate of Mr. Goodrich, as representing the City, not exceeding $23,000; under the estimate of Messrs. Carpenter and Lucke, representing the Bureau of Municipal Research, $21,400 and under the estimate of Messrs. Bolton and Tweedy, representing this Company, $20,350. While Mr. Tweedy will present copies of these affidavits at to-morrow’s meeting of the Board, I will ask you to accept them formally, as Chairman of the Board, and that they be presented to the Board and spread upon the minutes of the meeting. In view of these affidavits—our statements and letters seeming to have been with- out effect—may I ask that the proofs of the report be corrected and the figures we have given be substituted for those heretofore erroneously used. The difference be- tween the statement appearing in the proof, incorrectly placing the cost of service at $21,015, and the exact cost, as in this affidavit, of $11,529, is $9,486, which in itself reduces the alleged loss to the City if Edison service be employed from $10,819, as alleged, to $1,333. Even this in fact is wrong, for under the affidavits we have sub- mitted to you the saving to the City, compared with the operating costs alone, cannot be less than something more than $4,000 annually. Mr. Bolton states that the proofs do not contain the material as agreed upon by Mr. Goodrich and himself as Subcommittee on Publication. Rather there has been a considerable amount of alteration and new material added, evidently by others con- nected with your organization. May I draw to your attention that our contract pro- vides for no such outside alterations or expression of views. A much more serious criticism of these galley proofs is what I deem to be, practically, misstatements as to the facts in several important instances. Thus, the person writing the report states that the original plans in connection with the test at the American Museum of Natural History did not contemplate the inclusion of the steam question. May I ask the author’s authority for the statement. The intent at the time was to include in a comparative statement of costs not only the electric light and power, but the heating service as well. No study of cost and no estimate upon comparative costs would be complete were it not comprehensive of all of these three essential elements in every building service. Evidently the statement is made for the purpose of suggesting or creating the inference that the inclusion of an estimate upon the cost of steam in this building, thus permitting the avoidance of such serious errors as that contained in your letter to the Mayor, was not originally intended, but was rather an after-thought. This is the reverse of the fact. At no time have we ever considered a counter proposal which did not include a steam supply and this was the clear understanding of every part of the contract before the terms were agreed upon by this Company. We should not have entered into a test of this kind in which any such loophole could have 608 been left as that which permits other than an exact statement of costs upon the steam service, as provided for in the contract. As another illustration of the evident bias with which this report has been pre- pared, allow me to draw to your attention the statement respecting the statement for the City Hall group, at an annual consumption amounting to $25,000. For many years this has been the standard rate of the Company, both for commercial and municipal service. Yet the author of this report seeks, at least in innuedo, to convey the impression that this Company modified its rate so that, with the reduced con- sumption in the City Hall group resulting from the addition of the several buildings to the Hall of Records plant, for the purpose of test, there would be a differential through which the Edison costs to the City would be increased. May I urge again that in the preparation of this report the Bureau of Municipal Research take an absolutely unprejudiced attitude; that it assumes no favoritism either toward the questions involved in the operation of private plants or those which affect the service of this Company. We ask no favors—simply a report of this test based upon the facts, in keeping with the spirit with which the undertaking began; we ask the elimination of that evident spirit of prejudice which I regret exceedingly appears so frequently in the proof pages of the proposed report. I am going to take the liberty of again urging upon you that at the meeting of the Committee to-morrow consideration be given to the four points in which the Board of Engineers has failed to comply with our agreement and to ask definitely whether or not the Board will make a report upon these points in accordance with the terms of that agreement. We shall ask that a definite statement be made re- garding the cost of 1911; that definite and accurate allowance be made for interest, depreciation, sinking fund and the other items which are specifically noted in the contract; that these important items, all of which subject the City to definite expendi- tures, shall not be passed over lightly or trivially, as the proofs indicate is the present intent of some of the members of the Board. I believe you will agree with me that after this long lapse of time we are entitled to a definite answer upon these questions. Without the facts as called for by the contract, the report even to-day is far from completion. As Mr. E. P. Goodrich and Prof. George F. Sever are no longer connected with the City, and the former is now I understand identified with the Bureau of Municipal Research, it would seem necessary to ask the President of the Borough of Manhattan and the Commissioner of the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity to appoint other representatives in their stead. If this course invites difficulties, pos- sibly by having the operating details before us, as determined by the engineering studies, the final summaries would be more naturally matters of accounting and the results desired could be secured by the appointment of the Accounting Committee, as provided under the agreement. In fact the reference of the entire report to the Accounting Committee might be the best course to follow. As you will appreciate, I merely make this as a suggestion. Very sincerely, (Signed) ARTHUR WILLIAMS, General Commercial Manager. City, County and State of New York, ss.: Edmund F. Tweedy, being duly sworn, deposes and says: That he is the General Engineer of the Contract and Inspection Department of The New York Edison Com- pany; that he has personally seen and has full knowledge of a proposed address to The New York Edison Company under date of April 19, 1916, from a corporation of good standing, located in the City of New York, whose business it is to operate steam plants in private buildings in said City, in which said corporation agrees to undertake 609 the entire operation of the steam plant in the Hall of Records Building, under the following conditions, to wit: 1. To furnish all the coal, labor, supplies and repairs necessary for the full and complete operation of the steam and mechanical plants, exclusive of the electrical gen- erating units located in the sub-basement of the Hall of Records Building, in accord- ance with the estimated requirements of Mr. E. P. Goodrich, formerly Consulting Engineer of the Department of Public Works, and involving an estimated supply of approximately 64,000,000 pounds of steam per year, for an annual cost of $23,000; 2. To furnish the same services in accordance with the estimated requirements of Messrs. C. E. Lucke and R. C. Carpenter, Advisory Engineers to the Bureau of Municipal Research, and involving an estimated supply of approximately 56,000,000 pounds of steam per year, for an annual cost of $21,400; 3. To furnish the same services in accordance with the estimated requirements of the engineers representing The New York Edison’: Company, and involving an estimated supply of approximately 50,000,000 pounds of steam per year, for an annual cost of $20,350. That said proposal contains an offer to furnish a bond to the City in any amount for the satisfactory performance of the contract. That said proposal also contains an offer to make a similar proposition to render service in any other City building operating under similar conditions. (Signed) EDMUND F. TWEEDY. Sworn to before me this 27th day of April, 1916. Wa ter S. McC ure, Notary Public, Westchester County. Certificate filed to act in New York County, No. 111, Reg. No. 7019. City, County and State of New York: William H. Whitton, being duly sworn, deposes and says: That he is Man- ager of the Wholesale Bureau of The New York Edison Company; that he is familiar with the rates of The New York Edison Company and that he is also familiar with the statement made by Professor Herman Diederichs, hereinafter re- ferred to, relative to the supply of steam and electricity in the Hall of Records; that he has studied said report and made certain computations in regard thereto. 1. That the official report of Professor Herman Diederichs, who was in direct charge of the year’s test which was made upon the steam and electric plant in the Hall of Records building, ending at midnight on December 14, 1913, give the following distribution of the electrical energy generated by the plant during the entire period of the test: K. W. Hours. Per Cent. Total K. W. Hours Generated............-.0- sere eee es 712,763 ow. eee Storage Battery Output ......-..--- eee ee eee eee eee 12;608 ke eres Total K. W. Hours Distributed............-.eeee eee eee 725,366 100.00 610 K. W. Hours. Per Cent. Distribution : (ay CHalsof REGORS! ssisesiccscusnaepadaedss benhebomniend eabdans 308,156 42.48 (BD). (Gity Court: anscnensa etuiennerones chacanmentes 226 32,108 4.43 (Ge): Cotinty Court: ccc: eevredeosces oceseniees seers 131,427 18.12 Cd)! “CHP TAA eacesacscecn gosiene ausheca seassus a Se Renmapm decent cetonwed 73,246 10.10 (e) General Power .........c cece cee ceee tect eeeeee 31,525 4.34 (4): (Cellar TAghts: evesesveagnanengaiecn dian eerste 39,777 ° 5.48 Ge). ‘Cellar Fans) sore va ccubseaenins wghwerenae wack 84,266 11.62 (h) Storage Battery <4 sccsscecacessataanteatess 20,269 2.79 (i) Booster Motor .......cccceee cece cece eeceeeee 4,479 62 (k) Booster Generator ............::ee ee eee eee eee 113 02 Totals. sxcntywadinbnyatihunlererdtace a averse baiess Is current connected?............ saas Reimar les: eis crest crtveavovninceiessvelmrsnssientieeered As used in this agreement, the term Company, in each instance refers to The New Vork Edison Company. (To be written, carefully and legibly, by Company’s representative.) As used in this agreement, the term Company, in each instance refers to The New York Edison Company. : TERMS AND CONDITIONS. Referred to in, and made part of this Agreement. 1. The Company shall bring its service wires to a point immediately within the vault or the building line, and the applicant shall provide connections to that point. 2. The Company will furnish the meter and connecting service, which shall remain its property. The consumer shall take all reasonable precautions against un- lawful interference with the Company’s property and in case of loss or damage thereto the subscriber shall fully reimburse the Company. The wiring equipment and appurtenances shall be furnished by the consumer, who agrees to maintain them in the condition required by the insurance and municipal authorities having juris- diction, and to provide the Company with certificates to that effect before the connec- tion of the service. 3. Should the supply of current be interrupted or be defective or fail by reason of accident, state or municipal interference, or other cause, the Company shall not be liable therefor. Should interruption, defect or failure in service result from the Company’s negligence, in consideration therefor the subscriber may terminate this contract by written notice immediately delivered to the Company. 4. The Company shall have the right of access to all of its property installed on the premises supplied under this agreement at all reasonable times. 5. Excepting as otherwise agreed upon, either the Company or the consumer may terminate the agreement on three days’ written notice. Should the subscriber fail to comply with the conditions of this contract, the Company may discontinue its service immediately and remove its property from the premises. 6. It is understood and agreed that no meters will be furnished by the Com- pany for sub-metering purposes. All current supplied under this agreement is to be registered and charged for according to the master meter or meters supplied and maintained by the Company. 7. The Company shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of electric current or the presence of the Company’s service, appurtenances, or appliances on the consumer’s premises. 8. The Company shall not be required to supply current until a reasonable time after all necessary permits are granted. The consumer shall provide all permits (excepting street permits), or certificates, necessary to enable the Company to prop- erly connect the equipment to be supplied under this agreement. 9. This agreement, until modified by a standard rider, is for the segregated electrical service of The New York Edison Company; should any other electrical service for light or power be employed, this contract shall thereupon cease and determine, and the appropriate schedule or contract, as filed with the Public Service Commission, shall become immediately effective. 10. Under appropriate contract applying to all consumers alike, the Company is prepared to supply electric current for any desired purpose. Copies of all contract forms, terms, service conditions and riders are on file with the Public Service Com- mission and at the Company’s General and all Branch Offices, where they may be freely consulted. 11. This agreement shall not be binding upon the Company until accepted in writing by its proper officer. INDEX PAGE Accounting system for test.......... 60 Agreement controlling test......... 25, 28 Agreement, tentative ................ 498 Agreement required by Edison Co. for private electric service........ 667 Affidavits respecting cost of securing steam and electric service for the Hall of Records from Edison Co.. 607 Apparatus, arrangement of, for test. 58 Approval refused on plans for con- necting Hall of Records power plant to buildings in City Hall Park.... 327 Arc lighting, Manhattan and Bronx, OSE OE - ag sraicuorsnse access eagronarseearitens 339 Arguments and Conclusions of the Board of Engineers.............. 141 Armstrong, Charles G.: Recommends connection of the city and County Court Houses in City Hall Park with Hall of Records DIATE ph vated vnscaes teusasenceongnntetecnornaves 324 Reply to criticism.............. 345, 348 Reorganization of engine room methods and forces, 1910........ 16 Investigation for Bureau of Muni- cipal Research, 1910............ 17 Lecture to Blue Room Engineer- IG DOCIELY? swactdarcudieAdswammoncaniary 18 Sup Pests: test ecevcnrenssewy saturdai 18 Report on lighting plants in public buildings, Borough of Manhattan 17 Introductory statement to Blue Room Engineering Society...... 344 Charts used at Blue Room Engi- neering Society .............00- 338 Arrangements for test, final......... 57 Ash removal costs, detailed data..... 555 Ash removal, cost of.............4. 147 Auxiliary pump tests................ 515 Blue Room Engineering Society, ad- dress by Chas. G. Armstrong: Introductory statement ........... 344 Charts used during address........ 338 Criticism of address............. « 345 Criticism of address............... 348 Resolutions relating to address CExhibit: TM sacccwkenuaie desu 353 Board of Engineers supervising Hall of Records test...........sceeeeee 20 PAGE Board of Engineers, organization of. 25 Board of Engineers, meetings, April, 1912—December, 1913 ............ 25 Board of Engineers’ meetings, 1914.. 149 Board of Engineers, work of, subse- quent: tO! teSticccs vsncwesrs cea nen 149 Board of Engineers, minutes of last MECHSE, ciasineaes +4. rocinenwe- tia wnens 602 Board of Engineers, resignation of Edison Co. representatives........ 610 Boiler room and coal spaces......... 36 Bolton, R. P.: SUPeLViSiON accaditediine vos ecaee 159, 165 AVAL C Torn Scent gaye aeettuc dea craemghanseeteare tosh 181 DADO sent ccascsta e-arace wttitivatavaditaradauaigpeee wie 204 Steam usages and quantities... .212, 278, 293, 297 Apportionment of costs........ 230, 233 Reliability of steam meters........ 303 Consulting engineer to Department Water Supply, Gas and Electric- AE Sassen vs sicncapsusisaxerunausre Vetnseenenneees 18 Criticism of report on lighting pub- HE: buildings: cca s venue 18 Report on operating conditions and costs of mechanical equipment in Hall of Records, City Hall, county and city courthouses C912) seeasleseumaesnsceas eas 19, 454 Representing N. Y, Edison Co., 1912 20 Premature report on Hall of Rec- OTS LOSE sss cts cvscmeeonar cxcoesonees antes 153, 576 Breckinridge Lester Page........... 18 Brooklyn Bridge service, briefs on... 178 Building group affected by test, de- SCRIPLON OF + ss aecaensincnnnnred 31 Bureau of Municipal Research: Accepts proposal for three-cornered POSES eisielepavand nad asd Gotedoeanneibnade aseaoaierwiete 20 Report on lighting public buildings. 355 Criticism of above report by De- partment of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity................ 393, 421 Criticism by N. Y. Edison Co..... 409 Statement of fact relative to prema- ture report on Hall of Records test, by R. P. Bolton............ 561 Carpenter, R. C.: First connection with test........ 18 670 INDEX PAGE PAGE Carpenter, R. C—Continued— Cost of operation, Hall of Records Opinion rendered, Bureau of Muni- plant, 1910-1915, inclusive......... 139 cipal. Research». <:scceuwesnacwesaa 304 | Cost of plant operation, Museum of Central station service, advantages of 409 Natural Histoty® saccannasaes saa 342 City buildings, condition in 1910..... 16| Costs per square foot of rentable City Court, building description area in first class buildings of New (brown stone building)........... 32 MODK: ~..delstssiesas tga cna ronaneneun es 194 Gity Gourt: Houses. icsuswweosvcsais 16 | County Court House................ 16 City Hall, building description...... 31 | County Court House, building de- Citys detalles stroavocnc hivmetedhiutvan ays 16)|) “SEMDUOTY Gouvsined cs nbriciinnses tots 32 City Prison, see Tombs. Department of Water Supply, Gas Cleat AEP: aces eoeice pwGrior-enie 46,216| and Electricity, opposition to plans Coal, .C6St 10 Binccaccsctcsiscuinpiesusa waren 144| for connecting Hall of Records to Coal cost, detail data................ 518| other buildings ................... 16 Goal: 16g? s, eneeras erect aiashivasiaran ices 500 | Depreciation, Briefs on............. 171 Comparative costs, isolated plant vs. Diederichs, Herman, test engineer... 21 purchased current ................ 343 Report on final arrangement of ap- Computation, methods of............ 75 paratus for the test and procedure Computation record sheets.......... 503 to be followed in working up the Conclusions and arguments......... 741 PESUItS: casas yzacche eGAese oh est 58 Connection of City Hall, City and RePOFE OT CES ie vce ccesecececsusaine ss 69 County Court Houses to Hall of Report on costs of operation...... 143 Records recommended ........... 324] Detail data on costs. ..518, 526, 550, 555, Connection of outside buildings to 556, 558 Hall of Records, date of.......... 337 Distribution of costs to services.... 235 Connections to other buildings, briefs Objection to method of analysis of ON COSt Obsesosiais doce es asa 180 steam quantities ................ 290 Correspondence, detail of, sent Board Reliability of steam meters........ 301 of Estimate and Apportionment on Discussion of test by City and N. Y. February 24, 1916................. 560| Edison Co.’s representatives....... 157 Correspondence, additional, sent to Drips, Cléati: oo :sesieasced cannons 46, 216 Board of Estimate and Apportion- TRIPS, - HOU sprsecasetausnnaacon ek iemueunlononnuers 46 ment March 20, 1916.............. 581 | Edison Co. (See also Arthur Williams) Correspondence, additional, sent to proposes three-cornered test in Board of Estimate and Apportion- TONE. tessa case esdens asda cavsabecccstobas. tite 20 ment May 29, 1916................ 590| Appropriates $10,000 for test...... 21 Correspondence relating to Hall of Affidavits respecting costs of Hall Records test subsequent to May 29, of Records service.............. 607 MONO aidrasccceednnstncucestoniaremtaleteeete 628| Agreement required from private Costs, see Coal, Labor, Supplies, Re- user of current................. 667 pairs, Ash Removal, Gas, Lighting Edison Company, details of corre- Improvements, etc. spondence with Bureau of Muni- Cost of arc lighting for Manhattan cipal Research and others...... 560, 581, BI; BRONK cisncihianacs:des-t dex acvesnorrevardiea 339 590, 628 Cost of furnishing incandescent Edison Co. rates........-..+.-+6- 639, 644 LAMID Se. x us sdaincsancrias, oa ysetaninsiued sox 340 Rates and revenues.............0-: 665 Costs of operating 10 N. Y. C. build- Resignation of representatives from ings, details of..............0.. 381-392 Board of Engineers............. 610 Cost of isolated plant operation..... 338 Test proposal outlined............ 489 Costs of operation, report on, by test Electrical’ Jog: scawessatesadeds ccc 500 CNRINEEE yo senGedieres a@uvemalen css 143! Elevator equipment description...... 40 671 INDEX = PAGE PAGE : ais pump tests................ 507 | Haskins and Sells, report on Hall of = MOE CSE ncsicstine anny eaten es 44 ace 27| Records test.......c.cccceeeceeeee 616 ae So lod SEE Anh a idandapanantee savin ~ Heating of buildings after generating i EY centonmnanteemanes ClECtricity: acieeesc a aiiensoiecue: aes working relations of.... 45 Heating er AEA eye ae methods of a House pump tests...............000. - 516 eis 7 ome — . Tite eee eees iG Improvements, cost of.............. 148 Becd a sips, SEeeereveces a Improvement costs, detail data....... 558 Biced: aiatves, ulimeen due er Incandescent lamps, cost of furnish- tition of Edison service, by 2. M. ing PORTA EAG Rdeanipinn inn Fae h 340 Re. COU occecs 311 Interest and depreciation, briefs on.. 171 Boris: wed or according and sepa Investigation of lighting question, pro- ing direct test observations..... 500-506 pein ees SNODDITB nes dnmenneess a8 Boul rip! er vc cidcscctare vin aqme oie 4g | Investigation of public building opera- Fund for test ............cccceeee ee 495 tion by Bureau of Municipal Re- ae TRS ost hina. 148 SEATON. Sic veiraaic Greer ake nc es, 17 Gas lighting, detail data............. 556 Isolated plant costs vs. purchased cur- Goodrich, E. P., Consulting Pngineer, Rent: xveweae. ccas Stns 343 to President of Borough of Man. Isolated plant, definition of.......... 361 Hatta csssovcce as beewnsetont auviccicas 20} Factors involved in operation of... 365 SUPEEVISLONS easemettiitesecsdas Sasiesnceeeae 167 | Opeketinig: costs ofsancryiermas oe, Oy Interest and depreciation....... 171, 176 “Arguments Cee eernncneon oe Brooklyn Bridge service........... 178 | Labor, briefs on cost of............. ae Me faeces ites eae Wont lead 194] Labor, cost of........... cee cece aes 146 Rental value of space............. 191 | Labor costs, detailed data........... 526 EAR opening oe 202 | Labor costs, comparative............ ene Steam usages and quantities... .224,239 | Lacombe, C. F.: Changes in plant design........... 296 Chief Engineer Department of Guaranteed saving by Edison Co.... 410 Hall of Records: Choseti: fOr t6Stisc. ctawanccnncesees 20 Mechanical equipment ............ 36 Services rendered by.............. 32 FrSt COSC 20 Fescaissosssccsssssiine asatatendnavebe.ore. 193 Period of test, one year........... 21 Outside supply of steam added to test consideration .............. 21 Building description ............. 31 Report on operating conditions and costs of mechanical equipment by RP: BoltOnvnwnss sees sesantes Proposed for test............0e00. Preliminary conferences on test... 494 Hall of Records test, premature report by Ru PB. Bolton sccnaseorsncs ceaed 576 Hall of Records test premature re- port on, statement of fact by Bu- reau of Municipal Research....... 561 Harlem Hospital test............. 328, 374 GriticiS Of saceicedvntresaninaeccn 378 Water Supply, Gas and Electricity 17 CriticiseS: Féport: shieceeses sieewrowsens 19 Opinion regarding isolated plant Operation oo csaese bea daiawcanuins ae 333 Lighting, public buildings report..... 355 Criticism of, by Department Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. ..393, 421 Criticism by N. Y. Edison Co..... 409 Reply to criticism by Mr. Arm- StHONS! ei secccayoremennes ceases 445 Lucke, Chas. E.: Opinion rendered Bureau of Muni- cipal Research, 1916............. 304 Police headquarters test........... 20 Advises test of municipal plant.... 20 Observations on test at police head- quarters: sacvcsssommavesieanne dete 478 Criticism of observations.......... 482 Comments on report on lighting public buildings ................ 485 Representative of Bureau of Muni- cipal Research ..............-55. 20 672 INDEX PAGE PAGE Lucke, Chas. E.—Continued— Rentals per square foot in various Discussion of conclusions of the private buildings ..............00. 195 counsel for the City and Edison Repairs; cost: Of is caccusenas cae cns 147 Co. on the results of the Hall of Repair costs, detailed data........... 550 Records test. «tacdeucsereageges 304 | Report on lighting public buildings..18, 355 McAneny, George: President of Borough of Manhat- CAI, syectdnaieion ds AGREES DS RRS 16 Grants use of Hall of Records for LOSE: cencekid ov ota aieataeins Sei eremanvnen 20 Measuring results, method of........ 48 Mechanical equipment, description of 36 working relations of............+. 45 Meters, location of...........--.05- 69 See also Steam meters. Method of differences adopted in board meeting ............ceee eee 25 Museum of Natural History: Cost of plant operation............ 342 Need for substitution of another HUGS coccamreesiweenemseens 491 Proposed for test and rejected..... 20 N. Y. Steam Co. supplies city build- TINGS! 2 seeesigun is ane coelsteniterdiies eer eso veiys 17 Operating cost, changes due to substi- tution of Edison service, by B. M. R; cotinsel, sas+22+ xameses sevesees 316 Opinion of Bureau of Municipal Re- search counsel regarding results of COSC nce vende pero cueiums veeeenuen 304 Plans for connecting Hall of Records power plant to buildings in City Hall Park, sent for approval...... 326 Plans for connecting Hall of Records power plant to buildings in City Hall Park, not approved.......... 327 Police headquarters test............. 19 Observation of test...........008 478 Criticism of observations.......... 482 Prefatory statement................. III Public Service Commission case, state- ment of facts regarding rates and revenues of Edison Co............ 665 Pump ‘roomy €aStisciasaeaectecdewres 38 Pump room, west.............e0e0e. 37 Rates for light and power: Public buildings............... 639, 644 Private consumers...............05 644 Rates and revenue for electricity.... 665 Rental value of space............... 191 Criticism of, by Department Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. ..393, 421 Criticism by N. Y. Edison Co..... 409 Results of test of Hall of Records power plant: - Summary for 52 weeks........... 84 Details for each week............. 86 Discussion of, by counsel of inter- ested parties ...........cceeeeee 157 Discussion of conclusions of the counsel of interested parties by B. M. R. Counsel and statement of their opinions..............6. 304 Review of facts leading to test...... 16 St. John steam meter test........... 653 Service quantities, changes due to substitution of Edison service; by B. M. R. counsel.............20065 311 Services rendered, description of.... 32 Sever, Geo. F., Consulting Engineer of Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, criticises report 19 Sheperdson, William, assigned to assist On Tepotte.. cemumnaireseews 17 Steam 10g: cusses ceceewuwee ye reaes 500 Steam meters: Reliability Of cspacgeasyencnsas 301, 303 Desty OF kay yaeackteeanshs ervemevagsisn 653 Steam quantities, briefs on.......... 211 Steam quantities, objections to analysis submitted by E. P. Good- rich; by Herman Diederichs....... 290 Steam usages and quantities......... 212 Stack JOSS: oids caecacncidednacssvus-¢ oseseelaveasates 46 Supervision, briefs on............... 159 Supplies, cost Of s.sssencsescecaveves 146 Supply costs, detailed data........... 527 Taxes, briefs ON........ee cece eee ee 187 Test: Start Of swans ssamemosinse cancers 26 Nd MOE: sepsis 28 oo eedvenseoealolarscucvacnlonso 27 Test agreement ...........000ceeee 25, 28 Test arrangements ................. 21 Tests on auxiliary pumps............ 515 Tests of elevator pumps............. 507 PUEESt, HUNG, LOT os csvenctaverseyanmeans 486, 495 673 INDEX PAGE PAGE Test, Hall of Records, proposed for.. 493 | Tombs Prison plant test............ 19 Tests, house pumps.............0005 516 | Tweedy, E. F.: Test observation methods........... 58 Interest and depreciation.......... 173 Test, preliminary conferences on..... AOA) ARES? (cr lcecans ois denedintictevatia suns 187, 188 Test proposed .........cccee eee eees 20) Rental value of space.......----++- 198 ROSE, PEOPOSAL .es2- sie dis asssnvelbve doacnisurapions 487 Union League Club conference...... 151 Test proposal, accepted.............. 488 | Vacuum cleaner ..........0e0e0ee eee 41 Test proposal outlined.............. 489 Value of space, cellar of Hall of Rec- Test, St. John steam meter.......... 653 merle 198 Test, report of test engineer........ 69 | Water Binks an eee edges 181 Test, Tombs power plant......... 421, 423 Water bod Gece hae nat 500 Report by Mr. R. P. Bolton....... 429 ae Sane: te eee Criticism by Armstrong........... 442 Williams, Arthur, CEEMEISD of Blue URE. EEBORE aovicniwceicen.cssaaeacmce 500 Room Engineering Society address. 348 Thompson, Henry S., Commissioner Williams, Arthur, general inspector of of Water Supply, Gas and Electri- N. Y. Edison Co.: Clty cn essnaantadiasnnn ban eueinenans 19| Protests public use of report ma- Tombs power plant test.......... 421, 423 terial by Mr. Armstrong........ 18 Report by Mr. R. P. Bolton....... 429 Criticism of report.............0-- 19