Cornell University Library OF THE Rew Work State College of Agriculture 3518 Book of garden plans, BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS BY STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN TWENTY BLUEPRINT PLANS AND MANY HALF-TONE ILLUSTRATIONS GarbEN CITY New York DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1916 tals Copyright, 1916, by DovusLepay, Pace & CoMPANY All rights reserved, including that of translation into foreign languages, including the Scandinavian TO MY MOTHER FROM WHOM CAME THE INSPIRATION OF A GARDEN CONTENTS PAGE IRON: a eS Oe owe ee Se Farm Home oF Five Acres. . . .. .. ... 3 VittaGE Home or Five Acres. . . . . . . 9 PLANTING A SMALL SuBuRBAN LoT. . . . . 2)... OES SHRUB PLANTING For A VittaGE Home . .. . . . ..) 21 Rose GARDEN . 2 «© 6 # H ew Hw Se we e » « 29 Boutper WaLL with VINES. . . . . . 1 se ee 35 ARBOR WITH VINES 2. « ¢ ¢ & 8 @ & &@ @ & & & 49 SMALL InFoRMAL GARDEN. . . . . 2. 1. we ee OD PORE BEDS me. & &-S “Gice Bie Be a Bice Bee Ce NaruRAiIETO Kock GASDENs 4 wv <4 « « «# = # = Naturat Rock GarpEN . . . «© » =» «© » © » «© « 6% AMERICAN WALL GARDEN. 2 2 «© 2. 6 28 & 2 e eg » & Naturatistic WaTER GARDEN . . . . . . . ww Oo ARTIFICIAL WaTER GARDEN 2. 2 « «© © © &© «© & w = 9 WoopLAND GsaRDEN . «© 2 ~ ays @ @ & # 2 © » Be Wino PLANTING. «4 4 «¢ # ¢ © = @& @ & GS & = ANNUAL GASDEN- 4 « 4 @ &@ «© 8 kw & © & & a Format GARDEN OF JAPANESE PLANTS. . . . . . «103 Borper OF FraGRANT FLoweRS . . . . 7 7 ewe COQ SPECIAL CGLOR BORDER .«o- a = &» « & w ww & « Sag ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT A Home Seen from the Street Smoke Bush for Mid-summer Effects A Simple Country Home . 2 & The Japanese Snowball as a Specimen Plant Tree or Telephone Pole? If Vines Are Allowed Freedom of Growth, They will Binawee Hide ths Wall from Sight Hybrid Mock Orange Eales asa Background Fe Highly Colored F ie ers in June : 2 The Stately Oriental a ‘ Nature Has This Site Ready for a Rock ais ‘ The all too Common Rock Pile Summer Boarding-house Rockery A Small Pond with Good Proportion of Water Tits ai (ets Water, The Big Umbrella Leaves of May-apple The Best Border Plant for nae of Blue in Mid-summer, +, Japanese Speed: well Hardy Giaateaume What Shelter Will Do 50 52 62 64 74 86 104, 108 123 INTRODUCTION ) | ‘HE plans presented in the following pages are offered merely as sug- gestions showing how some of the principles of modern gardening mav be applied to everyday problems. A rough plan, even if very incomplete, will often be far more helpful in explaining arrangement and grouping than will pages of verbal instruction. It must not be supposed that any of these plans can be actually carried out on some piece of ground that you have in mind, for every garden site has its peculiarities that demand local treatment. But so as to help make these plans more definite than could be the case if they were purely ideal, an actual piece of property was in mind in each case, in the north- eastern portion of the United States or southern Canada. Some of the conditions are given, and one solution of the problem is offered. All garden operations are in the nature of problems to be solved. Should you wish to use the suggestions of any of these plans you will find them so arranged that by cutting out quantities or some of the species used, as well as shortening distances, the same general arrangement can be adapted to-a smaller area. These plans are arranged in a certain order, from the study of the general placing of large trees to the definite location on small areas of herbs to get certain effects in detail. They show a possible treatment of. the different types of topography upon which gardening operations will be carried out. Only the planning of the plant arrangement is the main object at pres- ent; design, arrangement of walks and roads, grading, construction— these and similar problems are treated only insofar as they affect the plant grouping. These as well as the planting should always be studied each by itself and at the same time in relation to all the other considera- tions, and detailed plans for planting can be made only after the larger auestions of general arrangement have been definitely settled. Supposing, then, that the main features on his imaginary piece of ground have been decided upon, the garden maker can refer to the blueprints and see how, by the arrangement of our garden material, he can best add to the natural beauties of the ground and give them the touch of human hands. The botanical names used in the planting lists will undoubtedly pre- sent several unfamiliar words as generic names; they show changes that xi xii INTRODUCTION are not recorded in any save the most recent books on botany and gar- dening. As these new names are however now fixed for us and must sooner or later become generally known, we may as well learn them as rapidly as we can, and let us hope that nurserymen will adopt them soon. If you have not a copy of Bailey’s Standard Cyclopedia to consult, or some list that gives these latest changes in plant names, you will have a hard time getting some of these plants from dealers if you ask for them under their new names. Fortunately for us, these changes are not many nor difficult toremember. The most important for garden planners to know are: Virginia creeper and Boston ivy are no longer Ampelopsis but Par- thenocissus. Azalea becomes Rhododendron with the specific names little changed. The evergreen barberries with compound foliage are now Mahonia. The common trumpet creeper has been taken from Bignonia to Camp- SIS. The Japanese quinces are now Chenomeles, leaving the quince tree alone as Cydonia. Euonymus is now spelled Evonymus, and the specific names that were formerly in us now end in a. The day lilies known as Funkia are now listed under Hosta. The hickories are to take permanently the generic name of Carya. The apples, both the crabapples and the orchard forms, take the generic name of Malus, and only the pears are to be known as Pyrus. The smoke bush and its American relative are taken from Rhus and form the genus Cotinus. The chokeberries are taken from Sorbus and form the genus Aronia; the mountain ashes alone are in Sorbus. Many other lesser changes have been made, particularly in the specific names, but usually something in the new name will give the reader a clue to the identity of the plant. BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS FARM HOME OF FIVE ACRES (SEE PLAN NO. 1) N A five-acre lot just outside a large village stands a big square old-fashioned house. The country is very level and few trees relieve the scene. The former owners never thought of shade in summer nor of shelter in winter, and cared not for green of leaf and color of flower. Though the new owner has little time or money to spend on fine gar- den details, he is very fond of trees and intends to have many upon his home grounds since he appreciates their advantages. He expects to col- lect many of them from the neighboring fields, and since he knows how to root prune a year ahead of moving, and has a team of his own so that he may move them when weather conditions are right, we may expect that his planting will be a success. He is rather a crank on getting trees found in his native New England, though not all the species that he hopes to plant are found growing naturally in his town. Let us make for him a suggestion for arrangement as a guide in his work, since his planting will take several years to complete. Three main divisions may be made of the property—(1) the house areas and the lawn; (2) the barn, outbuildings, vegetable garden, poultry- yard and cow-yard; and (3) the orchard. Fortunately the house was set well back from the street, and the barn was not too near the house. The roadway has been relocated and most of the smaller buildings given new locations to better serve their respective uses. _ The orchard and windbreak (since the country is nearly level) are best on the north side of the property. For a windbreak to be effective when made of but a few trees, the coniferous evergreens native to that region are best. We shall plant a group of White Pine in the extreme north corner and a few Hemlocks by the barn. In the orchard we can plant such fruit trees as the owner desires to give a continuous supply for the family the year round, putting the taller and more permanent trees, as Pear and Apple, farthest from the build- ings, and reserving an area near the barn for the small fruits. Grapes we may put on the boundary fences in places not too near to the street. The vegetable garden and the yards for poultry and cattle will take up the western part of the farm lot. To give shade for the cattle—their grazing grounds must be beyond the 3 4 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS area considered now as the home area—native nut trees, as Hickory, But- ternut, and Chestnut, are planted particularly with a thought for the chil- dren. The trees will not'be injured by the cows. Since these trees grow slowly, and quick effects of shade for the cows and poultry and green foliage when seen from the house are desirable, such rapid-growing trees as Black Locust and Tree-of-Heaven may be introduced in the extreme west; when they get too large they may be cut down for their wood, and. vigorous sprouts will take their places. Fruit trees may be put also in the poultry-yard, to the advantage of both the fruit and the hens; they may even crowd into the cattle-yard, and the cow, if she be well-trained, as a compensation for the loss of grass in the yard, be allowed to assist in the mowing of the lawn, for the lawn area will not be as carefully clipped as if on a city lot. Though the vegetable garden is very close to the house—to keep it near to the kitchen—it is completely screened from the street and lawn by a belt of low trees, as Sumacs and Birches, with Flowering Dogwood and Lilacs to give bright flowers, and Red Cedar for the green of its foliage in winter. A HOME SEEN FROM THE STREET Man and Nature together make the home BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS 5 The larger ornamental trees are along the drive and about the house and barn, for shade and shelter, as a first consideration, but also as objects for visual enjoyment. A group of Oaks along the driveway, Maples and Lindens to make a shelter for the play lawn for the children, Elms near the barn, and Tulip trees about the house, will give us the picture and comfort that we desire. The highway was bare, so a row of trees along the property line, mostly Sugar Maples, will benefit the public and cast. shadows upon the lawn along with the Birches. An Arborvita hedge may seem necessary as a screen along the east property line, or a group of native shrubs may be more suitable. Later, when these trees are all well started, it may seem well to add a few other trees near the house and groups of shrubs of the best old- fashioned sorts, as the owner may desire, but these will make problems for the future. At present it is enough to get the trees well started. SMOKE BUSH FOR MID-SUMMER EFFECTS Though much neglected of late in many old gardens you still can see the Smoke Bush (Cotinus Coggygrio) a billowy mass of color when flowers on the shrubbery are scarce Bh © OES OREO OOS Se ae Oe ee aS ee mM OW DN ANPW YN HOW ON AnPwWY YHOO OI AAP Eb PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. I FARM HOME OF FIVE ACRES COMMON NAME . White Pine Hemlock . American Elm Slippery Elm American Linden Sugar Maple . Red Maple . . Shagbark Hickory Butternut , American Chestnut ‘ . Tree-of-Heaven . Black Locust . White Ash . White Oak . Pin Oak . . Scarlet Oak . Tulip tree . Sycamore . . Staghorn Sumac Smooth Sumac . Moosewood . River Birch Black Birch 24. Yellow Birch . Canoe Birch . . Redbud ; . Flowering Dogwood . Common Lilac .. . Red Flowering Dogwood . Red Cedar a: . Arborvitz BOTANICAL NAME Pinus Strobus Tsuga canadensis Ulmus americana Ulmus fulva Tilia americana Acer saccharum Acer rubrum Carya ovata Juglans cinerea Castanea dentata Ailanthus glandulosa Robinia Pseudacacia Fraxinus americana Quercus alba Quercus palustris Quercus coccinea Lirtodendron tulipifera Platanus occidentalis Rhus typhina Rhus glabra Acer pennsylvanicum Betula nigra Betula lenta Betula lutea Betula papyrifera Cercis canadensis Cornus florida Syringa vulgaris Cornus florida, var. rubra Juniperus virginiana Thuya occidentalis ee TET Wee Sad Ce Z a A sie GLO sneha 2 EL MUL a ——— & oe) Py PAPA eNews: 1 aly gs tear BA: , TTL a. rT a ak 64 nee } bee UL r - Lats nb" CBD. or ro Soe LON NVTd~ ; 0) eh SINDISTO FAVISONVT ‘CoVW —~‘NOLSOG TR: Adee lee oor Cr yy e Ph) AE EEL Oe Le a VILLAGE HOME OF FIVE ACRES (SEE PLAN NO, 2) ERE is a village lot of about five acres where there will not be any farming operations, save a small vegetable garden. The owner wishes it to be mostly in lawn heavily bordered with trees gath- ered from all parts of the globe. Flowering trees are his special delight, and they will crowd the grounds somewhat, even to the exclusion of what might seem to be necessary features of the estate. The house, drive, and service buildings being located, we have only to arrange these trees to their best possible advantage. A future house on the lot (to be occupied later by others of the family), a tennis court that will serve both families, and a vegetable garden, are all the other constructions to be provided. In the western part of the property we have a small brook that will give moisture, if not running water, all sum- mer. Later, this area may be developed by the planting of shrubs, but there is to be no planting of shrubs about the house, except the lower growing species of Maple, Magnolia, etc. Along the street we may put a row of trees, mostly Elms and Maples, with flowering trees that are of erect growth, thus giving shade and not decreasing the size of the lawn. The house, other buildings, and tennis court will be partially screened by tall trees, using some of the larger evergreens also. Upon the lawn groups of Magnolias and low flowering trees will serve as shrubs; their arrangement as to color and season of bloom is thought out in much the same way as if they were of lower stature and not to become in time very large trees, yet they are spaced widely apart to get specimen development. The brook area will be developed as a wood, using Birches, Oaks, Beeches, etc. These in time will shut out all views to the north and west, but that is desirable, for the only fine views are toward the south. Dwarf Apples, Peaches, and Plums, as well as the small fruits, can best be put in the area between the brook and the barn and garden, unless fresh milk from the family cow seems more important than fruit from trees. With only five acres and such a wealth of trees there will be little room for many farm animals, nor are these greatly in favor to-day about the homes in our larger villages. 9 10 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS Only the lawn between the house and main street will be cut by the mower. All other open spaces will be sown to coarse meadow grasses and natural wild flowers, cut twice a year with the scythe, for this estate also has no gardener. Once the trees get well established, the interest of their owner and lover will see to it that they get the care that their needs require. - a YW =e OO aon Nur t+ ve tv ~- — —_ Ui fe bet Oo OND be bb — O iy Ww bv w wy wR bw Wb NS NU Www bb bb be OO 0 33- PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 2 VILLAGE HOME OF FIVE ACRES Large-leaved Linden Cork-bark Elm . Scotch Elm English Elm Austrian Pine Nordman’s Fir White Spruce Engelman’s Spruce. Southern Hemlock . Arborvite Sweet Gum... Maidenhair Tree Horsechestnut . Red-flowered Horsechestnut ‘ . Sugar Maple . Norway Maple . Chinese Cork Tree . Yellowwood. . . Kentucky Coffee Tree . Western Catalpa . Umbrella Tree . . Mossy-cup Oak . English Oak . Shingle Oak . European Beech . Cut-leaved Beech . . River’s Purple Beech . Canoe Birch . Japanese Birch . Japanese Alder . Japanese Larch 2. Japanese Walnut Japanese Magnolia 1 Tilia platyphyllos Ulmus racemosa Ulmus scabra Ulmus campestris Pinus Laricio, var. austriaca Abies Nordmanniana Picea alba Picea Engelmanni Tsuga caroliniana Thuya occidentalis Liquidambar styraciflua Ginkgo biloba ZEsculus Hippocastanum Zesculus carnea Acer saccharum Acer platanoides Phellodendron amurense Cladrastis lutea Gymnocladus dioica Catalpa speciosa Magnolia tripetala Quercus macrocarpa Quercus pedunculata Quercus imbricaria Fagus sylvatica Fagus sylvatica, var. heterophylla Fagus sylvatica, var. Riversit Betula papyrifera Betula Maximowiczii Alnus tinctoria Larix leptolepis Juglans Sieboldiana Magnolia Kobus BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS . Showy Magnolia . Hybrid Magnolia . Hall’s Starry Magnolia . Japanese Cherry . Parkman’s Crab . Japanese Tree Lilac . Japanese Pagoda Tree . Cockspur Thorn . English Hawthorn . . Golden Chain . Varnish-tree . Sorrel-tree . Kadsura-tree_. . Hercules’ Club . . Flowering Dogwood . Cherries, Peaches, Plun.; . Dwarf Apples Magnolia Yulan Magnolia Soulangeana Magnolia stellata Prunus Pseudo-Cerasus Malus Halliana Syninga japonica Sophora japonica Crategus Crus-galli Crategus monogyna, in variety Laburnum vulgare Koelreuteria paniculata Oxydendron arboreum Cercidiphyllum japonicum Aralia spinosa Cornus flo:ida (5 aa 'G Ly FY 4 ey) Terr ! ae ay 4 fon enen ONL erent ay 2'ON NV Td TTT EL Eee EL EL AD 'GEWVW — NOLSOD We Aa Lae A TTF 7 a) ‘SAYIV FAI “°AFNOH FOVTITA V PLANTING A SMALL SUBURBAN LOT (SEE PLAN NO. 3) SIMPLE shrub planting can be carried out on the usual suburban lot of 50-60 feet frontage and a depth of 100-110 feet. Many lots are smaller than this, but on a smaller area there cannot be much planting. In this case we do not strive for an extended garden effect nor for flowers the summer through. The most that we can do is to relieve the flat bare appearance of the lot—the whole block was graded level long before this lot was occupied—to tie the rather ordinary-looking house to the lawn and give the whole area a feeling that somebody lives there and takes pride in his home. To make our problem more definite we shall further suppose several things. Although the five lots which are near to this one are occupied or soon will be, it has been found impossible to get the neighbors to cooperate and plan the whole block asa unit. Instead of this larger treat- ment the home owner will go ahead on his own lot independently, and per- haps his success will induce his neighbors to try some planting on their own bare lots. There are no vistas in any direction—merely street, houses, clothes reels, and garbage cans, and other features of our commu- nity life. There is nothing particularly interesting beyond the lot and too little area to get any enclosed garden effects. The house faces due south, and the main approach is from the eastern end of the east-west street. There are two cement walks leading up from the street walk, young trees along the street, but none on the lot. There is no construction of any kind on the lot save the house. The subsoil was covered with a foot of fairly good loam, and a lawn started on the whole area before the present owner bought the house. The house we will imagine to be about 30 by 40 feet, of wood with brick foundations, set back about 15 feet from the sidewalk, and placed to the west of the centre of the lot. It is painted in some neutral color with green-stained shingles. There is a covered porch in front and an open piazza at the rear. We will suppose that it is early spring and the new owner is about to move in. He does not wish to spend over $50 for planting—at least at present. The plan presented is simply one possible solution. There is room for but a fewtrees. The street trees will in time shade the front of the house sufficiently. “Two or three trees on the west prop- 15 16 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS erty line will be enough; they will give shelter for a hammock or a few chairs, and throw shadows upon the lawn. A smaller lot will allow of no more than one tree. The first thought would be to get Poplars, but more permanent and equally quick-growing trees are available. One Sugar Maple for shade, a Catalpa for shade and flowers, and two Ailanthus in the rear for leaf effect will suffice for the present. Other trees, as White Ash, Honey Locust, Oriental Plane, Pin Oak, European Linden, English Oak, and Norway Maple, are excellent trees for urban conditions, but do not forget that they require room, and that more than four or five trees will crowd the lot. No evergreens are suggested, as they require room at the base, and they are too expensive for the sum at present allowed. The shrubs planted are neither to shut in the lot nor to shut out the surroundings. We shall merely partially hide the house foundations, and in places mask the lot line, using inexpensive and easily obtained material. In front, Thunberg’s Spirea will keep close to the foundations; while the most excellent Van Houtte’s Spirea will shut out the kitchen entrance. The rear porch, where visible from the street, may be softened by one of the later Spireas, as the Japanese or Bumald’s. The east side of the house particularly shows a bare base from the street. If the first-floor windows are high try Flowering Currant and Bladder Senna for interesting flower and fruit effects; if lower shrubs are needed, try the Slender Deutzia (Deutzia gracilis) and the Japanese Rose (Kerria japonica). Along the street a few small masses of Japanese Barberry or similar low shrub will set off the lawn from the street—a hedge is too ‘formal. The southeast corner may be emphasized by a small group of Common Barberry, High Bush Cranberry, Snowberry, or other dense shrub with winter berries; for this planting we have chosen Barberries. At the rear of the lot, since the other lots are not attractive, groups of Aralia and Sumac will give a pleasing leaf effect and break the level of the soil surface. These should be faced down with a few easily grown low shrubs, as represented by the Flowering Raspberry. A small group of Hydrangea near the centre of the east line will fill the break in the Su- macs when seen from the street approach, while a few Weeping Golden Bells to the back of the rear porch will be in line with the other break in the rear planting, and give privacy to the porch itself. Japanese Privet will hide the clothes reel when it is in use. A few vines may well be placed upon the house as it has no fine archi- tectural details that would be hidden. Dutchman’s Pipe, Bittersweet, or any of the Grapes will quickly shade the rear porch, while the closed porch in front may have Dorothy Perkins or other climbing rose and the Panicled Clematis upon the posts, and Virginia Creeper as a screen to keep out the sun. We have placed upon the lot about all for which there is room. With BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS 17 a smaller lot or larger house the border shrubbery must be nearly omitted, and even the planting about the foundations reduced. If we wish to have fiower effects, a well-filled window box or two will greatly add to the ap- pearance of the house front, while a narrow belt of hardy annuals near the Sumacs will give color and flowers for cutting all summer. Whatever we do, let us not get round or star-shaped beds in the lawn itself; there is little enough grass as it is without chopping it up into flower beds. Instead of annuals in an informal border at the rear some people will prefer a few hardy perennial herbs, as German and Siberian Ins, Garden Phlox and Creeping Phlox, Larkspurs, Coreopsis, Pinks, Day Lilies, and other such permanent plants. Quite a show can be obtained with ten dollars’ worth of roots, or even with less, if you choose and plant wisely. Hardy bulbs, as Scilla, Crocus, and Poet’s Narcissus, perhaps five hundred altogether. may be cheaply naturalized under the Spireas and Hydran- geas and elsewhere, and will be most welcome in early spring. After the main arrangement has been decided upon, these details will be an interesting feature to study and live by as one’s garden knowledge grows from year to year. A SIMPLE COUNTRY HOME There has been little expenditure in this garden save of love—and that is all that most of them require OF NANDHWH HR OWS PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 3 PLANTING A SMALL SUBURBAN LOT Sugar Maple Indian Bean Tree-of-Heaven . Thunberg’s Spirea . Van Houtte’s Spirea . Japanese Spirea . Flowering Currant . Bladder Senna . Japanese Barberry . Purple Barberry . . Five-leaved Aralia . Smooth Sumac . Staghorn Sumac . . Ramanas Rose... . Flowering Raspberry. . Wild Hydrangea... . Weeping Golden Bell : . Japanese Privet . Dutchman’s Pipe . . Japanese Bittersweet. . . Rose—Dorothy Perkins . . Panicled Clematis . Virginia Creeper . 18 Acer saccharum Catalpa speciosa Ailanthus glandulosa Spirea Thunbergit Spir@a Van Houtter Spire@a japonica Ribes odoratum Colutea arborescens Berberis Thunbergi QUANTITY I I 2 10 5 10 Io 5 50 Berberis vulgaris, var. atropur- purea 5 Acanthopanax pentaphyllum 10 Rhus glabra Rhus typhina Rosa rugosa Rubus odoratus Hydrangea arborescens Forsythia suspensa Ligustrum Ibota Aristolochia macrophylla Celastrus orbiculatus Clematis paniculata Parthenocissus quinquefolia 10 15 10 15 bHNN NHN OWN “2 ler Legit ha Be : lial eeerelialed eed oo”) umo7 yanboun - \ PALUBD 21419 Of ——> ule pbme tae aot) On* | Due m m | al Tae A= Ae eee ee - Le oe eke EA ae 'SECYW —~NOLSOD YM A=1 dee EP a) TWAIN A= Vél Hi HATA LEE AANA ae PL SHRUB PLANTING FOR A VILLAGE HOME (SEE PLAN NO. 4) GREAT deal of thought can be expended upon the arrangement and planting of a village lot of two or more acres. The lot that we have chosen as typical is about 400 by 225 feet, and the north line adjoins one of the residential streets of a thriving village. The lots on the east and west are similar large areas with fine houses, but there is no possibility of codperation in planting. The land slopes gently to the south and affords a fine view in this direction of cultivated fields and rolling meadows with low hills beyond, and there are no near buildings to mar the view. On the northeast are the buildings of a small factory which it will be well to hide. The house itself sets well back from the street, and northeast of the centre of the lot. Considerable grading was done about the house, but as a whole the natural slope of the lot has been preserved. Several large existing trees, especially toward the south, have been carefully saved and will be features in the garden treatment. More trees will be added, but the owner wishes his lawn to be quite open, in keeping with the broad out- look, though there are enclosed vistas toward the street. The entrance road and paths decided upon, we shall consider the shrubbery planting, which is the main feature of the estate. Areas devoted to flowering herbs might be indicated, especially among the shrubs, but nothing will be done toward this planting at present, as the owner does not care for the more elaborate garden effects, nor does he intend to employ a gardener. His own spare moments from a profes- sional life and the occasional help of a man to mow the lawn or handle soil will care for the shrubs and lawn when these are properly started. A vegetable garden is considered a necessity, so to separate it from the lawn it is placed in the southwest corner and screened by tall shrubs. As the walk reaching from it to the house is rather steep, large flat field stones are sunk into the turf of the lawn spaced as irregular steps. The area west from the house has been somewhat formally treated as a lawn partially enclosed to be seen from the west piazza of the house. The greater part of the planting is arranged in irregular masses, particularly about the borders of the lot and near the house itself. On the plan each number refers to a group of five to twenty shrubs of a kind shown on the planting list. On a plan as small as this it is possible only in a general 21 22 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS way to show the arrangement of the different species. Minor changes in arrangement would naturally be made as the plants are put in place. Large refined shrubs along the street, taller coarser ones at the rear of the lot, a high screen on the northeast, and low flowering shrubs on the west lawn—this is in general the scheme of arrangement. Some of the minor effects that we note from a study of the plan are: broad-leaved evergreen shrubs south of the play lawn; Viburnums along the path to the south; tall-growing Roses in the region of the laundry yard; Bar- berries along the entrance drive; Lilacs, Weigelas, and Deutzias along the street; yellow pea-flowers in the first pair of rectangular beds: Azaleas in the second pair; low, pink-flowered shrubs with evergreen foliage in the third; vines with heavy foliage or showy flowers on the roof of the west piazza. There are even individual shrub groups that are specially placed: a mass of Red Bud at the end of the play lawn in May; a blaze of vellow Golden Bells on the southwest corner of the house; fragrance in the leaves below the wall of the south terrace; winter berries and bright twigs on the taller shrubs at the north of the house; and low dense evergreens where they will be particularly admired in winter. These lesser details can be indefinitely elaborated, and upon their character will depend much of the pleasure given by the planting to garden lovers. THE JAPANESE SNOWBALL AS A SPECIMEN PLANT PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 4 SHRUB PLANTING FOR A VILLAGE HOME Trees Norway Maple Tulip-tree Showy Magnolia Coffee-tree Indian Bean. Yellowwood European Beech Maidenhair Tree English Elm. Engelmann’s Spruce Hemlock . a Siberian Arborvitz. Dwarf Arborvitz Japanese Yew BB A-Frame me oo oD Shrubs Hercules’ Club Tree-of-Heaven Dwarf Buckeye Red Bud . White Fringe. Witch Hazel Rose of Sharon Flowering Dogwood Cockspur Thorn Hall’s Starry Magnolia . Flowering Plum . Parkman’s Crab _ OMI Dye w 9 mt BOO = ww Crab . Common Barberry . . Chinese Barberry . Siebold’s Barberry to Nui + . Bechtel’s Double Flowering alcer platanoides Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia Yulan Gymnocladus dioica Catalpa speciosa Cladrastis lutea Fagus sylvatica Ginkgo biloba Ulmus campestris Picea Engelmanni Tsuga canadensis Thuya occidentalis, var. plicata Thuya occidentalis “Tom Thumb”’ Taxus cuspidata tralia spinosa Ailanthus glandulosa Esculus parviflora Cercis canadensis Chionanthus virginica Hamamelis virginiana and H japonica Aibiscus syriacus Cornus florida Crategus Crus-galli Magnolia stellata Prunus triloba Malus Halliana Malus ioensis, var. fl. pl. Berberis vulgaris Berberis sinensis Berberis Sieboldii 23 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME . Five-leaved Aralia . Shadbush . . False Indigo . Flame Azalea . Strawberry Shrub . Bladder Senna . Burning Bush Winged Burning ‘Bush — . Japanese Oleaster_ . . Weeping Golden Bell . . . Green-barked Golden Bell . Winterberry . ; . Tartarian Honeysuckle Early Honeysuckle . . Chinese Privet . Staghorn Sumac . Buckthorn . Hop-tree .. . Double. Tall. Deutaia . Pink Tall Deutzia . . Lemoine’s Deutzia . . Pink Weigela. . White Weigela . Red Weigela . . Rose Weigela_.. . Yellow Weigela . . Sweet Pepper Bush . Alternate-leaved Dogwood . Purple Hazel. 2 . High Bush Cranberry ; . Arrow-wood . . . Japanese Snowball . . Japanese Viburnum . Himalayan Lilac. . . White Hybrid Lilac. . Red Hybrid Lilac . White Lilac . . Mock Orange. . Hybrid Mock Orange . Van Houtte’s Spirea . Snow Garland . Ash-leaved Spirea BOTANICAL NAME Acanthopanax pentaphyllum Amelanchier canadensis Amorpha fruticosa Rhododendron calendulaceum Calycanthus floridus Colutea arborescens Evonymus europea Evonymus alata Eleagnus multiflora Forsythia suspensa Forsythia vtiridissima Tlex verticillata Lonicera tatarica Lonicera Standishit Ligustrum sinense Rhus typhina Rhamnus cathartica Ptelea trifoliata Deutzia scabra “Pride of Rochester’ Deutzia scabra, var. Waterert Deutzia Lemoinet Diervilla florida Diervilla florida, var. candida Diervilla florida, var. Eva Rathke Diervilla florida, var. Abel Carriere Diervilla sessilifolia Clethra alnifolia Cornus alternifolia Corylus maxima, var. purpurea Viburnum Opulus Viburnum dentatum Viburnum tomentosum, var. plicatum Viburnum tomentosum Syringa villosa Syringa vulgaris, var. Mad. Lemoine Syringa vulgaris, var. Chas. X. Syringa vulgaris, var. alba Philadelphus coronarius Philadelphus speciosissimus Spirea Van Houttei Spirea arguta Sorbaria Aitchinsoni OT aa] hojy ay dof OL) ELE LED | pe % ON NV Ta UTA rel 1s eh Pa Ye ee a TA a ‘sSvm ‘'NOLSOD UTM lh Aa [Pa ‘INOH FOVTTIA ¥ BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME Red-berried Elder . Tamarisk . . . Flowering Curtane:. . Many-flowered Rose . Prairie Rose . Ramanas Rose . Sweet Brier Rose . Red-leaved Rose. . White June Rose. . Pink Hybrid Ramanas Rose . White Hybrid Ramanas Rose . Fragrant Chinas: . Mountain Laurel . Great Rose-bay . Mountain Rose-bay . Hybrid Rose-bay . Japanese Barberry . . Evergreen Barberry . Slender Deutzia . . Thunberg’s Spirea . Japanese Spirea . Bumald’s Spirea . Japanese Azalea . Ghent Azalea . Evergreen Azalea : Japanese Mountain Azalea . Yellow Bush Pea . Dwarf Broom New England Whin . Scotch Broom Garland Flower . St. John’s Wort . Prostrate Rose-box . Sand Myrtle . Stagger-bush . . Hairy Rose-bay . Flowering Almond . White Flowering Rasp- berry . Sweet Pea Sieub BOTANICAL NAME Sambucus pubens Tamarix gallica Ribes odoratum Rosa multiflora Rosa setigera Rosa rugosa Rosa rubiginosa Rosa ferruginea Rose Mad. Plantier Rosa rugosa, var. C. F. Meyer Rosa rugosa, var. Sir Thomas Lipton Rhus canadensts Kalmia latifolia Rhododendron maximum Rhododendron punctatum Rhododendron catawbiense hybrids Berberis Thunbergti Berberis Neuberti Deutzia gracilts Spirea Thunbergii Spirea japonica Spirea Bumalda Rhododendron japonicum Rhododendron gandavense Rhododendron indicum, var. amenum Rhododendron indicum, var. Kempfert Corontlla Emerus Cytisus supinus Gentsta tinctoria Cytisus scoparius Daphne Mexzereum Hypericum densiflorum Cotoneaster horizontalis Leiophyllum buxifolium Pieris floribunda Rhododendron hirsutum Prunus sinensis, var. fl. pl. Rubus deliciosus Lespedeza Sieboldii 99. 100. IOl. 102. 10}. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. IIO. 98. Coralberry Evergreen Garland F Thread Lily Virginia Creeper Dutchman’s Pipe Sterile Grape Japanese Bittersweet Chinese Wisteria Traveller's Joy Pink Chmbing Rose Hall’s Honeysuckle Climbing Knotweed Panicled Clematis BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS 27 BOTANICAL NAME Sym phoricarpos orbiculatus Daphne Cneorum Yucca filamentosa Parthenocissus quinquefolia -tristolochia macrophylla Fitis labrusca, var. sterilis Celasirus orbiculatus Wisteria chinensis Clematis Fitalba Rose Debutanie Lonicera japonica, var. Halliana Polygonum Baldschuanicum Clematis paniculata TREE OR TELEPHONE POLE: THE HORSECHESTNUT HAS THE RIGHT OF FIRST POSSESSION ROSE GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. 5) RECTANGULAR plot of ground about 75 by 100 feet will give A space enough for quite a large rose garden. We will imagine it centred upon a walk to a distant orchard, the long axis extending in an east-west direction. An arbor covered with Climbing Roses and Clematis affords shade for our garden-loving friends. Several posts in pairs set along the walk connect the arbor with the house. Climbing Roses are also trained upon them. Seats are provided in the arbor, and also two large curved garden benches at the west end under the large Flowering Dogwoods (Cornus florida). The five-foot walk is divided and becomes two three-foot walks with a ten-foot strip between them for the best Everblooming Roses. A fifteen-foot grass area lies on either side, and beyond this lawn a ten-foot bed for Hybrid Roses. We have room for two rows of Hybrid Perpetuals and one of Hybrid Teas, allowing about three feet apart each way. They are often planted more closely than this, but we wish to have large speci- men shrubs. The planting outside the rectangle is mostly of single-flowered Roses, or shrubs with flowers of the rose form. To bound the garden on the sides we shall set concrete posts ten feet apart and connect them by chains; upon these will be trained the single-flowered forms of the newer hybrids of Rosa Wichuraiana, in the lighter shades of color. A few speci- men evergreens within the garden give emphasis to the exit toward the orchard, and are of particular interest when the Roses are out of bloom. We plant the Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Teas in groups of twelve each, using only the best sorts, the taller kinds in back, and grouping red and white on one side and the pink shades on the other. Other eighteen equally good sorts may be chosen, but we have taken some of the best known which harmonize well and yet contrast in habit height, and color. The centre bed contains the best Everbloomers for northern latitudes, and will be bright with color from June to frost. The roses in the centre of the bed are chosen rather for their height than their continuous bloom, while the Baby Ramblers used as edging, though low in stature, will always be in bloom. The Coral Bells among them, if they succeed in this garden, will greatly help out in the color effect; if they are not 29 30 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS thrifty, as is sometimes the case, then Shasta Daisies, or other perennial of low stature and long season of bloom may be used to fill all spaces not taken by the stems of the Roses. Several groups of Garden Phlox are indicated on the plan; these are to give color when the Hybrid Perpetuals have ceased blooming, but they must not be placed too near, so as to crowd upon them. The whole front edge of the beds is to be covered with a neat dense mat of foliage of dense low perennial herbs, of which the flowers are pink or white. A few thousand small bulbs, mostly with white flowers, may be tucked away among them, and they will start the garden early in the spring, even before the Roses have thought of waking from winter. The whole planting is arranged for flowers in shades of red, pink, and white. Though the main show is in June and July, yet there is color throughout the grow- ing season. Except for the two beds of Maman Cochet, which are a minor incident, no winter covering is needed and no annual care, save for prun- ing, different from that given to any herbaceous border. ‘The soil be- neath the Hybrid Perpetuals should be deeply covered with leaves the first year, and this covering, left undisturbed, will soon be covered by the herbs. These cover herbs will hide all the bare earth between the plants. The planting is arranged to be permanent when completed, and should be reset only when renewal is absolutely needed, perhaps once in six to ten years, according to the soil and the care given the plants. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 5 ROSE GARDEN Hybrid Perpetual Roses General Jacqueminot Mrs. John Laing Magna Charta .. Frau Karl Druschki Paul Neyron Marchioness of Londonderry . Baron Bonstettin . Margaret Dickson Louis van Houtte 1o. Captain ee 1% Gle 12. Soleil d’Or DY AREY Po © Hybrid Tea Roses 13. Gruss an Teplitz . 14. Etoile de France. . 15. Mad. Caroline Testout . 16. La France . 17. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria 18. White La France Everblooming Roses 19. Hermosa . 20. Clothilde Soupert 21. Perle des Blanches 22. Coquette des Blanches 23. Souvenir de Malmaison . 24. Maman Cochet . 25. White Maman Cochet 26. Baby Rambler 27. Baby Dorothy . 28. White Baby Rambler 31 Crimson Deep Pink Carmine Rose White Rose Pink White Dark Red White Deep Red Pink Salmon Pink Salmon Rose Scarlet Red Rose Pink Pink White White Rose Pink White White Light Pink Pink White Red Pink White QUANTITY 12 12 12 12 I2 12 IZ 12 12 12 12 12 I2 Iz 12 12 12 12 24 24. TZ I2 I2 12 I2 24 24 I0o a BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS Climbers and Vines 29. 30. 31. 32. 33- 34- 35- 36. 37- 38. 39- 40. 41. Rose Baltimore Belle Rose Dawson Rose Crimson Ravnbler . Rose Dorothy Perkins . Rose White Dorothy Perkins Rose Débutante Rose Tausendschon Rose Excelsa . Clematis Jackmannt Clematis Henry1 Clematis Ramona. . Clematis Duchess of Edinburgh Clematis paniculata Roses on Fence 42. Hybrid Wichuraiana Evangeline - Hybrid Wichuraiana Minnehaha Hybrid Wichuraiana Wedding Bells Hybrid Wichuraiana Delight Tall Herbs a. b. c d. e. f. Phlox Richard Wallace Phlox Independence . Phlox Miss Lingard ‘Phlox Le Soleil Phlox L’ Esperance . Phlox Von Hockberg . Cover Herbs op 3 —wr poo . Tufted Violet . White Stonecrop. . Moss Pink . Giant Snowdrop . . Dutch Crocus COMMON NAME Moss Pink Coral Bells Squill COLOR White Pink Crimson Pink White Pink Pink Crimson Purple White Blue Double White White Pink Pink Pink Pink White with red eye White White with rose eye China rose Lavender _Crimson BOTANICAL NAME Viola cornuta, var. alba Sedum album Phlox subulata, var. rosea Phlox subulata, var. alba Heuchera sanguinea Galanthus Elwesii Crocus vernus, var. albus Scilla stbirica, var. alba QUANTITY PNHNNNDPHR NON KVP HE Mmmuonin 25 50 50 50 25 50 5co 200 2c0 2c0 5co 1,000 2,000 2,000 bi Fy ay IY ca PL) Pe td fe | Pee TAPE d Sle RPI PA Mae be VY IPL YE or) WT te ‘ ) <——PI0YIMO Yf" cuxoy BONO of —> yr Cat aA 4/02 DADA CELE, IEE tae Fe} Sn CT REL ME Ce ey LOGS Sed Zi : FR OLE® 7 < Ae paaietid As os 7) ra fof GON NY Td Tyke Aly deo) ‘YINDIGAD JAIVIGUNYT 'SGUW 'NOLSOG WNL LS Aa Lae on ‘NIGYUYD FSO V BOULDER WALL WITH VINES (SEE PLAN NO. 6) GOOD opportunity for using vines as a covering is afforded by a rough boulder wall bordering a highway. In the case selected here an entrance of four back-pointed boulder piers gives a chance to plant some of the close-clinging vines upon them, but the rough wall itself is hidden by scrambling vines planted at the back and allowed to droop forward and over. We may suppose a forty-foot highway with an eight-foot planting space occupied by young Pin Oaks planted forty feet apart. A five-foot sidewalk extends between the planting space and the property line. To give the vines room we shall set the wall about five feet back from the property line, the strip to be kept in mown lawn. Bevond the wall the main lawn soon begins, with its trees, shrubbery, and open spaces. To hide the back of the wall, as seen from the house, and the soil hump and the bases of the vines, a narrow, irregular belt of shrubbery is suggested upon the lawn. These features are not a part of the present plan since we are considering the wall planting only; they are merely added to make the problem more concrete. The vines are planted in groups of three or four of a kind, from three to five feet apart, depending on their vigor, and they are allowed to grow as they will, care being taken to keep them off the lawn and shrubbery, and from falling forward upon the sidewalk. To accomplish this we prune in winter, cutting back the long shoots, or tying them over open spaces on the wall. The section and elevation on the plan give sufficient graphic instruc- tions for construction, while the planting plan and kev indicate the arrangement. Neither end of the wall is shown in the plan; we may sup- pose that the wall is more than four hundred feet long, and that a similar planting is carried to its limits. Arrangement as to texture, growth, and flower color, can be studied from the plan. Each group has a definite part to play in the whole planting. In a general way the purpose is to give a refined effect with flowering vines near the entrance, with coarser material at a distance; there is both repetition and variety in leaf effect, and in height and habit. A planting similar to this will give a pleasing picture to the eye and joy to the heart of the garden lover every day in the year. 35 Ce NF Se Se eR OS Se OO ON AnPWDND DOE GOSS Oye ta Ss PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN NO. 6 BOULDER WALL WITH VINES Evergreen Euonymus Silver Vine Wild Grape Roxbury Waxwork Japanese Waxwork Virginia Creeper Asiatic Creeper . Boston Ivy Trumpet Honeysuckle ‘ Japanese Honeysuckle . . Climbing Knotweed . Trumpet Creeper . Matrimony Vine. . . Weeping Golden Bell . Five-leaved Akebia . Virgin’s Bower . Japanese Panicled Clematis . Rose Hiawatha . Rose Baltimore Bell . Rose Farquhar . . : . Rose White Dorothy Perkins . BOTANICAL NAME Evonymus radicans Actinidia arguta Vitis labrusca Celastrus scandens Celastrus orbiculatus Parthenocissus quinquefolia Ampelopsis heterophylla Parthenocissus tricus pidata Lonicera sempervirens Lonicera japonica Polygonum Baldschuanicum Campsis radicans Lycium halimifolium Forsythia suspensa Akebia quinata Clematis virginiana Clematis paniculata NOILITS PO eee hs ee AN +i) wie apis Wed e Sy¥20 Pere) r Bade as ry Ce eee sob Phd mead bee '9'ON NY Td EL ee Ae Ey ELM A el Ld ad 'SSVW 'NOLGOR CL Th da Ate) Trea TNT BO SRLER EAT RET LT a2 CO 0 SAN/A HL/M ‘TTYM Me LoM Neds ARBOR WITH VINES (SEE PLAN NO. 7) LIMBING vines, especially those that twine, will be needed in ( covering a long arbor or pergola, and such a planting will serve to illustrate their proper use. Let us imagine a rectangular plot enclosed on three sides by a pergola five feet wide and eight to ten feet high. The fourth side is the west wing of the house. A walk runs beneath the pergola its whole length and connects the house with other features of the estate. We shall further suppose a teahouse and other accessories, as seats and flower plantings, but our study at present is the pergola planting. The enclosed lawn may be used as a playground for the children, a croquet court, small, formal garden, rose garden, as the case may be. The structure may be built of rough cedar logs or of stained cypress beams set over concrete posts—whichever fits the style of the house and grounds and the purse of the owner—for vines will grow equally well when trained on either. There will be an arch over the main walk, the teahouse, and the piazza to be covered with very tall vines, a portion of the house to be concealed by clinging vines, while low vines will be needed on the con- tinued low trellis along the outer side of the north and west portions of the pergola. The posts are set in pairs ten feet apart, and a tall vine is planted at each post, often with a low variety of vine to help hide the base of the post. The south side is to be very open at the bottom to allow a perennial border on each side and views out across the lawn southward. Let us plant the pergola vines. The coarser-growing sorts will be used on the north part of the structure, refined blossoming vines on the south section. The inner side of the west section will be mostly climbing Roses, as also beyond the pergola itself on posts along the walk to the greenhouse. Each number on the plan means one strong plant; about 125 woody vines and 30 perennial vines are needed. It is expected that each plant will have room enough to attain a goodly size at length, and that every straggling shoot will be cut off or tied to the beams where it will be most useful. During the first and second years after planting, annual vines such as Morning Glories, Moonflowers, etc., will help to give color and shade, but they will not be 39 40 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS needed long and are of doubtful value. For immediate effect it would be better to purchase some of the plants in large sizes so that they reach the top of the pergola the first season. Only the north portion of the pergola will be heavily shaded. The teahouse and the opposite arch are draped with Wisteria in purple and white. Showy scarlet flowers are the main effect on the outer side of the arbor on the west, and double pink and white Roses on the inner side. These same Roses and others are planned to meet overhead on the south arbor, while some of the robust species of Clematis, in several colors, will hide the bare bases of the Roses. Few vines will grow upon the house itself, as much of the wall gets but little sun. Virginia Creeper, trained upon wires over the woodwork, and Evergreen Euonymus upon the foundations and other stonework, are about all the vine effect we can hope to maintain here. The outer north side shows heavy dark foliage rather than flowers, from Grape, Moonseed, Dutchman’s Pipe, Silver Vine, etc., and this effect is again suggested over the middle of the south arbor by a pair of Sterile Grapes and Moonseeds. Between the posts on the outer side of the north portion a low lattice is built to give the play lawn complete seclusion from that side. To cover this lattice the Japanese Honeysuckle is planted for its foliage, as flowers will be few under such conditions of shade, but the vines will be vigorous enough for our purpose. The inner side of the north arbor partly repeats the outer side, but it has also robust vines with showy flowers, foliage, or fruit. The west arbor has also atrellis for screen, the inner side with low netted wire to support Perennial Pea, the outer with a coarse-meshed wire to the top for such stout perennial twiners as Hops, Kudzu Vine, and Perennial Moonflower. If they force the woody vines among them to grow only on the top of that part of the pergola no harm is done, as the perennial sorts will effectively screen in summer the greenhouse and its soil piles from the little lawn and the house. Though this planting is as a whole one that you might never want to carry out, yet many of the details may give suggestions useful in similar and smaller plantings. Ww Wo» GE ie PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 7 ARBOR WITH VINES Dutchman's Pipe Chinese Wisteria White Chinese Wisteria . . Japanese Wisteria Wn onl PROD 2D fmt tt Wi de Go bo u VY ww WL he ttl NYT de 0 x56 on] to vw Ww hb OO oN White Japanese Wisteria . Silver Vine. Asiatic Creeper Roxbury Waxwork Japanese Waxwork . Crimson Glory Vine . Sterile Grape . Chicken Grape . Japanese Honeysuckle .Lonicera japonica . Hall’s Honeysuckle . Trumpet Honeysuckle . Five-leaved Akebia . Virginia Creeper . Engelmann’s Creeper. . Sik Vine . Evergreen Euonymus . Virgin’s Bower . Panicled Clematis . Traveller’s Joy Yellow Clematis . Purple Clematis . Henry’s White Clematis . . Hybrid Lilac Clematis . Scarlet Clematis . Moonseed . . Climbing Knotweed . BOTANICAL NAME Aristolochia macrophylla Wisteria chinensis Wisteria chinensis, var. alba Wisteria multijuga Wisteria multijuga, var. alba -(ctinidia arguta .{mpelopsis heterophylla Celasirus scandens Celastrus orbiculatus Vins Coignetie Vitis labrusca, var. sterilis Vitis cordifolia Lonicera japonica, var. Halliana Lonicera sempervirens Akebia quinata Parihenocissus quingquefolia Parthenocissus quinquefolia, var. Engelmanni Periploca greca Evonymus radicans Clematis virginiana Clematis paniculata Clematis Vitalba Clematis tangutica Clematis Jackmannit Clematis Henryi Clematis Viticella, var. lilacina Clematis texensis Menispermum canadense Polygonum Baldschuanicum 4! 42 31. 32. 33: 34. 35. . Rose Dorothy Perkins 37. 38. 39- 40. 4I. BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME False Climbing Hydrangea . . Schizophragma hydrangeoides Trumpet Creeper. . Cumpsis radicans Rose Lady Gay Rose Baltimore Belle Rose Dawson Rose White Dorothy Perkins Perennial Pea. . . Lathyrus latifolius Kudzu Vine .. Pueraria Thunbergiana Hardy Moonflower . Ipomea pandurata Hops . . . . . Humulus Lupulus IF VINES ARE ALLOWED FREEDOM OF GROWTH THEY WILL ALMOST HIDE THE WALL FROM SIGHT . 5) eo CIE n Sa rs bake) a Pe 7 (72 Lo bd 9, erie 9s}i Dt+a u + Chili aya 8 (Alper 7 saa s CLUE PE) Sees LIU) Pe Guy 489M 3 5 ne o~94e-F~ Ses Sri) \ Or ae a ee SS iw Ceres +e ar vr v4 hd i ty id Fs “i ) z Cy an A. e Hh i) C) ~| v | [i ia ye Le é ae ar ar aa Ye ee ae Co ear) Kom) a eae ow Ny EE ee a ‘Saas puo Aaaggnsyg 7/94 ri - ! 2 Spek ss ie al) a A ae C= PAMELA TLR Lod Aa ‘GSVW —NOLSOG WME) Ae eee aincarrear TR SRNE AAT AN ‘SANIA HLIM YORUYY NY. SMALL INFORMAL GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. 8) formality about it let us take a rectangular area about 30 by 50 feet, lying beyond the west porch of the residence, its long axis upon an east-west walk that terminates, after dividing, by two simple garden seats. On the axis of the walk as seen from the house we may place a bird fountain or similar garden feature, with a background of evergreen shrubs such as Yew and Cedar. Outside of this area there is a planting somewhat as suggested upon the plan, giving the garden as a unit a definite relation to the general planting of the property. An informal group of dwarf coniferous evergreens on either side of the walk as the garden is approached from the house, a planting of Red Cedars west of the garden, and of Hemlocks on the northwest will give solidity to the whole planting and furnish an evergreen background for the flowers and flowering shrubs that are indicated. A long irregular belt of low shrubbery on the east, and another of taller shrubbery on the west, finish the frame and give the border seclu- sion. This shrub planting forms the bounds of the garden; an enclosing wall or hedge would be rather too elaborate for such a simple planting as this. We shall make a five-foot bed around the interior of this area, plant- ing only the very best sorts of perennials in groups of five to ten plants. Two numbers in the same bed indicate that the plants are to be inter- planted, each sort growing independently of the other. Only herbs that will grow for at least five years without resetting are suggested, and great variety in habit and color of bloom as well as eight months of display are sought. The central three-foot turf walk is bordered by two three-foot plant- ing strips planted with refined, long-blooming herbs set in parallel lines. This is the most formal feature and aims to give color in mass. For this effect we have chosen Shasta Daisies and blue Plantain Lilies, the outer lines of scarlet Coral Bells and blue of Carpathian Harebells, respectively. The two five-foot grass strips that are nearly enclosed give a fore- ground to the beds as we sit on the garden seats at the end of the walk and look back toward the house and the dwarf evergreens. There is a par- ticularly fine view across country westward through the Red Cedars, so 45 Fe a planting study of a small formal garden that has little 46 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS we shall turn the seat on the south side nearly halfway round that we may look from it either within the garden or outside and beyond to the distant hills. The features of this planting may be discovered from a study of the plan and referring to the key list. There is a concentration of yellow about the bird bath (this will be very effective when seen from the house) and of white at the entrance to the garden. ‘Tall herbs are planted in the back of the border, next to the surrounding shrubbery, and a continuous border of low herbs borders the grass panels. The south side is known in its season by its many tall Iris, the south seat has broad heavy foliage around it. Other features of the garden you may readily discover. Harmony of form, color, and foliage, as well as eight months of bloom are provided for. Every inch of the soil is covered, even to a ground cover of low herbs—Speedwell, Mountain Spurge, Periwinkle, and others of similar nature—under the shrubbery that borders the walk. The area is not overplanted, though a substitute effect could be ob- tained from using fewer species in larger masses, but more care would have to be taken that there be no times of little bloom. Bulbous plants, as Tulips, Crocus, etc., could be added indefinitely, for added bloom in early spring and late autumn. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 8 SMALL INFORMAL GARDEN Shrubs COMMON NAME a. Hall’s Starry Magnolia b. Hall’s Pink Magnolia c. Flowering Plum d. Slender Deutzia . . e. Pink Slender Deutzia f. Red Cedar g. Japanese Yew Tall Herbs . New England Aster . Sneezeweed . Lance-leaved Saatlewer . Rosin-weed . Bee Larkspur . . St. Peter’s Staff Late-flowering -Monkshood Balloon-flower . . Red Garden Phlox Pink Garden Phlox . White Garden Phlox White Garden Phlox . Early White Phlox . . White Peony . Red Peony... . Blue-veined Plaited Flag . Great Lavender Flag . Great Blue Flag Yellow German Iris . Siberian Flag ... . White Siberian Flag . Late Siberian Flag . Snow Queen Iris ..-.° . BOTANICAL NAME Magnolia stellata Magnolia stellata, var. rosea Prunus triloba Deutzia gracilis Deutzia rosea Juniperus virginiana Taxus cuspidata Aster nove-anglieg Helenium autumnale Helianthus orgyalis Silphium terebinthinaceum Delphinium elatum Thermopsis caroliniana Aconitum autumnale Platycodon grandiflorum Phlox Mad. P. Langier Phlox Le Soleil Phlox Richard Wallace Phlox Jeanne d@’ Arc Phlox suffruticosa, var. Miss Lingard _ Peonta albiflora, var. Festiva Maxima Paonia albiflora, var. Louis van Houtte Iris plicata, var. Mad: Chereau Tris pallida, var. speciosa Iris pallida, var. dalmatica Iris flavescens Iris sibirica Iris sibirica, var. alba Tris sibirica, var. orientalis Iris sibirica, var: orientalis alba 47 48 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS Jacob’s Ladder . Yellow Button Chrysanthemum . Late-flowered Lemon Lily Showy Coneflower Lemon Lily. . Dwarf Orange Lily Medium Herbs 30. Shasta Daisy . Lance-leaved Day Lily . Blue Day Lily . . Showy Stonecrop . Persian Daisy . Mountain Phlox . Peach Bells . . European Dwarf Iris . Orange Sneezeweed . Chinese Larkspur . . Tickseed . Double Baby’s Breath . Coral Bells . . Leopard’s Bane . Japanese Speedwell . Hoary Speedwell . Orange Globe-flower - . Carpathian Harebell Edging Herbs 48. 49. 50. 5I. 52. 53- 54- 55- Scotch Pink Lovely Phlox White Stonécrop Rock Speedwell White Moss Pink Wild Sweet William Lavender Cotton Horned Violet . Bulbs 56, 57- Dutch Crocus . Meadow Saffron BOTANICAL NAME Polemonium ceruleum Chrysanthemum indicum, var. hortorum Hemerocallis Thunbergit Rudbeckia speciosa Hemerocallis flava Hemerocallis Dumortieri Chrysanthemum maximum “Shasta Daisy” Hosta lancifolia Hosta cerulea Sedum spectabile Chrysanthemum coccineum Phlox ovata Campanula persicifolia Iris pumila Helenium Hoopesti Delphinium grandiflorum Coreopsis lanceolata Gypsophila paniculata, var. fl. pl. Heuchera sanguinea Doronicum plantagineum, var. excelsum Veronica longifolia, var. subsessilis Veronica incana Trollius asiaticus Campanula carpatica Dianthus plumarius Phlox amena Sedum album Veronica rupestris Phlox subulata, var. alba Phlox divaricata Santolina Chamecyparissus Fiola cornuta Crocus vernus, in variety Colchicum autumnale Ad : On TP E areata iihe a ata ba iar a ; p) C ry e 5 , 1 ap Foy Lea FL gay Fhe A SINAYS (PL ee acted OOH PLY Tee OM Ed aoe gn 55 aa) rS AT RE ly, ye iD Se me ft zs ) % Te Te ee ef = : : os G ‘ flemg ea U ‘Ie4 iS Pat 4 Wi) 7 ir 4 PP eit AL, ay ae Fry yyy Ba Ses EL Fes Ba EY LT eae Aled ey 5 ey 7 re, re) Sarid ; UMOT7 a9 (EZ) Ny UP his & = "2 'ON NY Te 74 ee A Ad OP ha ee A aed a i) ee ee ed = yet Th dae Lal ad 50 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS 58. Poet’s Narcissus . . . Narcissus poeticus 59. Double Daffodil . . . Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus, var. Van Sion 60. Red June Lily. . . . Lalium elegans 61. Madonna Lily . . . . Lilium candidum 62. Late Tulip . . . . . Tulipa Gesneriana, in variety 63. Siberian Squill . . . . Scilla sibirica Ground Cover 64. Common Speedwell . . Veronica officinalis 65. Heart-leaved Rockfoil . Saxifraga cordifolia 66. Japanese Mountain Spurge . . . . . Pachysandra terminalis 67. Mother of Thyme. . . Thymus Serpyllum 68. Periwinkle . . . . . Vinca minor HYBRID MOCK ORANGE (PHILADELPHUS AVALANCHE) EXCELLENT AS A BACKGROUND FOR HIGHLY COLORED FLOWERS IN JUNE. POPPY BED (SEE PLAN NO. 9) PECIAL gardens for favorite herbs, as Iris, Peony, Phlox, etc., are quite common in the gardens of enthusiasts. We may sup- pose that a friend is very fond of Oriental Poppy—who is not?— and wishes a bed of one hundred plants in ten varieties. Though of regal splendor it has a few peculiarities which must be considered. It is coarse in habit, blooms only in June, dies down in July to be lost until September, and then grows again in late autumn, while the carrot-like root must not be disturbed. The problem is to find suitable plants that will adapt themselves to its habits and yet give a continuous season of eight months’ bloom. We shall suppose a bed about 10 feet by 60 feet, along a three-foot path. Behind the bed the ground rises somewhat; this slope is planted with hybrid Mock Orange, or similar dense white-flowered shrub bloom- ing in June, as a background for the Poppies. Across the path we may have a planting of dwarf shrubs, such as the lower species of Spirea, Deutzia, etc. The bed itself we shall divide into ten nearly equal plots, and in these plant the roots in August, one kind to a plot, irregularly about three feet apart, mostly toward the back of the bed. On the plan the star-shaped marks represent the location of each poppy root. In September or October the front of each plot may receive a dozen Lilies, in ten species—scarlet, yellow, white—while in front of them we put a thousand Snowdrops in ten varieties or species, in irregular masses for early bloom. Among the Lilies the following August we put a thou- sand white Autumn Crocus (Colchicum autumnale, var. album) for bloom in September. The front edging should be of some robust tufted ever- green perennial, perhaps Sea Thrift ‘(Armeria vulgaris) in several varie- ties. Plant these in September, and then add a thousand or more white Dutch Crocus (Crocus vernus, var. albus) for spring bloom. Among the Lilies and halfway back in each plot we put some long- lived, slender-growing, white-flowered erect perennial which will bloom. during July and August. The rear half of each plot may have a dozen autumn-blooming Asters or related plants, mostly in blues and purples for variety. These will not interfere with the Poppies if not too robust sorts are chosen. Darwin Tulips in many colors may be added among these Asters to precede them in bloom; their growth ceases before 51 52 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS the Asters have made much start. Tulips and Poppies will overlap in time of bloom, so watch out for color discords; perhaps the Tulips had better be all in white or very light shades. Iceland Poppies (Papaver nudicaule) in three colors—white, yellow, and orange—may be placed back of the edging in front to add to the Poppy effect; these will require frequent renewal. It may be that after a few years these will not be considered necessary. The whole border should be permanent—a flame of scarlet relieved by white—and it will have no dull season. The arrangement of each plot, from back to front, in five zones is given more in detail in the plant- ing list. THE STATELY ORIENTAL POPPY This is an excellent illustration of the value of massing. One flower standing alone would look weak (Garden of Mr. R. B. Whyte, Ottawa, Can.) oe an » foo Paes PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 9 POPPY BED Plot No. 1 Papaver ‘‘ Blush Queen,” with Aster Townshendi and Darwin Tulips. Campanula carpatica, var. alba, with Lilium speciosum, var. album. Papaver nudicaule Yellow, with White Crocus and Colchicum autum- nale, var. album. Armeria vulgaris, var. rosea, with Galanthus Elwesti. Plot No. 2 Papaver ‘Beauty of Denismere,”’ with Boltonia latisquama and Darwin Tulips. Phlox paniculata, var. Tapis Blanc, with Lilium canadense, var. flavescens. (As Plot 1.) (As Plot 1.) Plot No. 3 Papaver “Salmon Queen,” with Aster Lady Trevellyn and Darwin Tulips. Scabiosa caucasica, var. alba, with Lilium Henryi. (As Plot 1.) Armeria vulgaris, with Galanthus Elwesii, var. robustus. Plot No. 4 Papaver “Duke of Teck,” with Aster Roycroft Pink and Darwin Tulips. Gypsophila paniculata, var. fl. pl., with Lilium candidum. Papaver nudicaule White, with White Crocus and Colchicum au- tumnale, var. album. Armeria vulgaris, var. alba, with Galanthus nivalis. Plot No. 5 Papaver “Parkmanni,” with ./ster nove-anglig and Darwin Tulips. Delphinium grandiflorum, var. album, with Lilium Batemanni. (As Plot 4.) (As Plot 4.) 53 54 » ae F ee SS ee. aeoe BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS Plot No. 6 Papaver “Beauty of Livermere,” with Aster tataricus and Darwin Tulips. Gypsophila acutifolia, with Lilium superbum. (As Plot 4.) Armeria vulgaris, var. robusta, with Galanthus Fostert. Plot No. 7 Papaver bracteatum, with Aster nove-anglia, var. roseus and Darwin Tulips. Euphorbia corollata, with Lilium Martagon. Papaver nudicaule Orange, with Crocus White and Colchicum au- tumnale, var. album. (As Plot 6.) Plot No. 8 Papaver “Grand Mogul,” with Aster longifolius, var. formosus and Darwin Tulips. Linum perenne, var. album, with Lilium speciosum, var. album. (As Plot 7.) Armeria vulgaris, var. splendens, with Galanthus plicatus. Plot No. 9 Papaver “semiplenum,” with Aster Madonna and Darwin Tulips. Gypsophila paniculata, with Lilium canadense. (As Plot 7.) Armeria vulgaris, var. Laucheana, with Galanthus nivalis, var. fl. pl. ’ Plot No. 10 Papaver orientale, with Aster Mrs. W. F. Raynor and Darwin Tulips. -Aster ptarmicoides, with Lilium speciosum. (As Plot 7.) (As Plot 9.) 6 ON NV Td | : oT eet AL ee "YAINDISTIO IJIASVISAGNYT 'ssvwW ‘NOLSOD — MAN Ll aL la Pa "GAG AddOd V ee satya cj ne Bare) 68) e i) e . y Saito Gene ee CF 76 ct Oo apie. Oper arte Gee ci Oo | ‘YLef uepsen NATURALISTIC ROCK GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. 10) ROCK garden that is wholly artificial requires much skill in con- struction in order that it may appear somewhat as a part of the natural soil formation. We shall imagine for our present pur- pose that on a rather steep bank of good loamy soil sloping to the north- east there are already three big boulders, marked A, B, and C on the plan. The contour lines, marked at the ends with numbers, show ap- proximate successive elevations in feet above the base of one of the large trees upon the slope. We shall add rocks in small sizes as indicated by the cross-hatched areas, putting gritty soil between them, and lay out a path before we con- sider the planting, for it is a question of planting an irregular border on a steep slope, using dwarf herbs, not necessarily alpine or rock-loving species. To complicate our problem we indicate the presence of two big Ken- tucky Coffee Trees (Gymnocladus dioica) below the rocks on the north side, and they shade a part of the area all the day: while a group of Sugar Maples (Acer saccharum) above the bank casts shadows on the garden most of the afternoon. A row of flat stones makes the path, and gives the idea that a real ledge lies beneath. I have indicated only the larger rocks to be added; the smaller ones used as wedges are not shown. Each stone is to be set deeply enough that it cannot slide, and no rocks are to be set one upon another. Each letter or number on the plan means a group of ten or more of the plant indicated by the list. The effects aimed for may be easily learned from a study of the plan and list. Blue is the prevailing color, with white and pink for contrast. Construction and planting could be finished by two men in three days if the soil works readily. If the garden is the success that it should be, in another year it may be extended along the bank. _ The shrubs that we use are of a dense dwarf spreading nature and hold their foliage the season through. We have put them mostly along by the stones that make the path to mark it plainly for our feet. The herbs also that we use are mostly of an evergreen character and their tufted green leaves will be interesting all winter. As far as possible 57 (Continued on page 60) PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 10 NATURALISTIC ROCK GARDEN Shrubs a. COMMON NAME Prostrate Savin Juniper b. Small-leaved Rose Box c. Hairy Rose Bay d. Heather : Herbs DO ON AREY DA Heart-leaved Rockfoil Maiden Pink Rock Soapwort Thrift : White Stonecrop Creeping Stonecrop Carpathian Harebell Bluebell . . Tufted Harebell . Wild Sweet William . Rock Speedwell . Hoary Speedwell . Saxifrage Pink... . Mother-of-Thyme . . Horned Violet . BOTANICAL NAME Juniperus Sabina, var. prostrata Cotoneaster microphylla Rhododendron hirsutum Calluna vulgaris Saxifraga cordifolia Dianthus deltoides Saponaria ocymoides Armeria vulgaris Sedum album Sedum stoloniferum Campanula carpatica Campanula rotundifolia Campanula cespitosa Phlox divaricata Veronica rupestris Veronica incana Tunica Saxifraga Thymus Serpyllum Viola cornuta ‘MOP D Dy] yanoy Sty "Fa4~22f 09 pS ee cela Ot aed ee ; = ee Le ee a EY Vel YES: AS ; ro ® e 40 PLT OYs C Ol'ON NY Td Ovi Ieee A Le rede) eee le eel folk a ah St-3 7 ee OP a nea WALL a dA A La PD — ‘NICUYO YOON JILSITVUNLYN ¥ 60 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS we put the tufted sorts, as Thrift, in the narrow flatter crevices where they will not be crowded, and the drooping sorts where they may hang down over the rock faces. As nearly all this planting is on a very steep slope, all the herbs used are of a creeping and drooping nature. They should hang down over the rock faces in sheets of foliage; so their actual placing in the ground will depend on the position of the rocks as found at time of planting, rather than their detailed arrangement on the plan. Between the stones of the path we place low creeping herbs that keep close to the ground, as Thyme and dwarf Speedwells, that we may step over them easily. Horned Violets give patches of color all summer, while at the upper end of the path the big leaves of the Rockfoil seem to terminate the garden. Once you get the spirit of this kind of planting you will add innu- merable little touches, for the beauty of such a planting rests finally in the attention given to the details. NATURE HAS THIS SITE READY FOR A ROCK GARDEN NATURAL ROCK GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. II) UPPOSE a ledge of rock cropping out near an area that is to be- come a smooth sloping lawn. We may wish to blast out the en- tire ledge but that would be a mistake, for we have here an opportunity to make a rare feature—a natural rock garden. ‘The accom- panying plan gives the essential topography of such an outcrop near a path leading from the house and across the lawn. The cross-hatched areas represent the rock face in plan, and the length of line used suggests the actual elevation of the larger rocks. The land slopes toward the north and east, and while the upper edge of the ledge is but little above the surrounding lawn, the lower portion is quite rugged. The whole region is fully exposed to the sun all day long. So great a proportion of rocks is provided naturally that no stones need be added, save to complete the walk where the spaces are too wide to be stepped across easily, for, though there are steep little slopes, most of the rock may be walked upon in any direction regardless of the plants. For these added stones be sure to get rock of the region (either from the ledge itself or a similar formation near by). This outcrop we suppose to be pudding-stone, granite, or other hard stone, and scarcely weathered. Much of it is lichen-covered, and such exposed faces are to be carefully preserved, while no dirt-marked faces are to be uncovered. To support much herbage it will be necessary to add gritty soil to the hollows and crevices, for centuries of rain have washed bare the rock face. The less elevated central portion may receive a foot of sandy com- posted soil, so that we may grow dwarf shrubs in that part of the gar- den. The outer side of the rock area should be thoroughly enriched for low shrubbery and lawn. ‘Only plants with iron-clad constitutions will thrive in this garden. There is no under drainage, no flow from moisture below in summer; so the soil will be baked dry as dust in August, and flooded by winter rains; while frost will heave the plants where the soil is thin, and ice will form in the hollows. We put on soil enough that water will not stand in all the hollows in winter, yet leave enough hollows that some of the summer rain will be held, for we cannot reach this region with the hose from the lawn. Succulent plants and other desert lovers are the main feature, es- pecially the great tribe of Sedums and their relatives. 61 62 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS On the plan each /etter means a group of several shrubs of that sort; each number, a mass of at least a dozen herbs as shown by the list. A detailed plan like this makes it possible to plant the garden by easy stages, year by year, especially if you wish to raise a part of your plants yourself from seed or division. Put the herbs in thickly for immediate effect; later, if the shrubs partly cover them, thin and plant elsewhere. A good sander laborer can clean off the weeds and loose rubbish in less than a week, and add good soil and the necessary stones and put in the plants that are ready; but the planting will not be finished the first year, for you will find that some of the herbs will prove failures under these condi- tions and must be replaced by others more suited to the location. Properly started, an annual weeding is all that the garden should require, unless some plants get too luxuriant and have to be restrained as are the weeds. How much better to the eye of the garden lover is such a planting than the usual tangle of Poison Ivy on the field ledge or even the velvet lawn that might have been built there! Smooth lawn and rock garden will each be the more satisfying for the presence of the other. THE ALL TOO COMMON ROCK PILE THAT IS SO OFTEN MIS- CALLED A ‘“‘ROCKERY” PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 11 NATURAL ROCK GARDEN Shrubs WASO ASR TOMO w > Common Juniper Prostrate Savin Juniper . Bearberry Spreading Rose Box Chinese Barberry Box-leaved Barberry . Small-leaved Barberry Wilson’s Barberry Buckley’s St. John’s Wort Southernwood . Albert’s Honeysuckle Dwarf Japanese Quince Dwarf Siberian Pea . Single White Scotch Rose Bristly Rose Herbs rr] mm fey WPkwWNn HOO al ON DO OE ee Evergreen Spurge . “Rocky Mountain Thread | Lily Wall Pepper Creeping Stonecrop Pink-flowered Stonecrop . Mossy Stonecrop Orange Stonecrop White Stonecrop os Yellow-flowered Sigimecop Dwarf Yellow Stonecrop . Showy Stonecrop . Japanese Stonecrop . Hen-and-Chickens Spider’s-web House Leek . Globular House Leek . . California House Leek BOTANICAL NAME Juniperus communis Juniperus Sabina, var. prostrata Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi Cotoneaster horizontalis Berberis sinensis Berberis buxifolia Berberis stenophylla Berberis Wilsone Hypericum Buckleyt Artemisia Abrotanum Lonicera spinosa Chenomeles Maulei Caragana pygmea Rosa spinosissima Rosa nitida Euphorbia Myrsinites Yucca glauca Sedum acre Sedum stoloniferum Sedum Ewerstt Sedum sexangulare Sedum kamtschaticum Sedum album- Sedum “Aizoon Sedum Maximowiczii Sedum spectabile Sedum Sieboldii Sempervivum tectorum Sempervivum arachnoideum Sempervivoum globuliferum Sempervivum californicum 17. 18. 19. 20. 2i. 22. 23. 24. 26. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33- 34- BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME Indian Fig . . .. Western Prickly Pear Prickly Pear . . Dwarf Rock Cress Mother-of-Thyme Woolly Thyme Mountain Thyme Early Saxifrage Saxifrage Pink Sandwort . . . Yellow Whitlow Grass White Whitlow Grass Woolly Chickweed - Rupture Wort Carolina Phlox . Heath-leaved Aster Creeping Chalk-plant Woolly Yarrow. BOTANICAL NAME Opuntia vulgaris Opuntia Rafinesquit Opuntia missouriensis Arabis alpina Thymus Serpyllum Thymus Serpyllum, var. lanuginosus Thymus Serpyllum, var. montanus Saxifraga virginiensis Tunica Saxtfraga Arenaria verna Draba atzoides Draba incana Cerastium tomentosum Herniaria glabra Phlox ovata Aster ericoides Gypsophila repens Achillea tomentosa SUMMER BOARDING-HOUSE ROCKERY THAT IS MORE ROCK THAN GARDEN WT 'ON NY Td AA Lee A ee ee el AEN dd 'SSYW 'INOLSOG '‘NITEWVH of NIHATILG NIGHVYD MIOW TWHNLYN ¥ AMERICAN WALL GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. 12) IVEN a long, low retaining wall of rough boulders, laid up with good soil and no cement, backed by good loam, facing in an east- erly or westerly direction, and a skillful gardener can grow upon it many alpine and rock-loving herbs, even in our northern states. Wit- ness the “‘weeds”’ that fill the crevices of many a mossy old pasture wall. A much finer result for near effects can be thus obtained than by plant- ing the wall with clinging vines below or scrambling vines to hang down from above. Let us imagine such a wall about five feet high and of unknown length. It is at the back of the house, along a much-used walk to the barn, garage, or other necessary feature of the home. Let us plant a portion of it. There are three parts of the planting—erect bushy herbs to partly hide the large stones at the base, slender-stemmed herbs to hang down on the wall face, and low tufted sueculent herbs to grow on the top of the wall at the edge of the lawn. The first and last beds can be better planted after the stones of the wall are well settled in place, and the soil become firm, but upon the wall face greater success may be looked for if the herbs are put in as the wall is laid up. So as we build the wall we shall insert our colonies of plants, running their long roots as far back as possible. A gritty soil with no clay, but plenty of well-decayed vegetable mat- ter, must be insisted upon. As there is no cement used the stones must be carefully placed, that the weight of the soil behind, aided by water and frost, cannot topple the wall over. Big flat stones, the long diameter reaching back from the wall face, will help anchor the whole. Don’t forget to lay each large rock with an upward tilt to the front, and give the whole wall a pronounced batter, for further stability, and to catch the rain. Put flat shaly chips in the soil that the big rocks may not lie too closely together, but leave root room for the plants. On the plan the wall face is shown as if we were looking at it from the path—as if it stood before us at eye level. The foot of the wall shown below it, and the wall top shown at the top of the plan, are drawn as if seen from above, looking down upon them from the upper lawn. These three parts are thus shown as disconnected, except by guide lines at either end, so that the two different ways of looking at the wall may be 67 68 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS seen on the same plan at the same time. The section shown at the bot- tom of the plan gives an idea of how an imaginary end of the wall looks, and shows how the rocks are set into the bank. The quantity of herbs in each spot should be at least half a dozen plants, but on the wall face they should be in larger masses of a dozen or more as the arrangement of the boulders allow. Arrows indicate the approximate location of each group among the rocks. You cannot put the plants in regular order should you try; the more irregular the outline to the plant groups the better. The plants on the wall face should be in general about halfway down, to keep out of the way of the plants hanging down from the wall top, and not to get hidden by the taller herbs at the base of the wall. On the list the three plantings are separated, as the herbs used in each group are quite different in character. No special effects are aimed at, save to get plants suited to these conditions, a pleasing foliage effect, and some show of flowers from May to September. In its details the planting may be infinitely varied from the arrangement that the plan suggests. : PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 12 AMERICAN WALL GARDEN Wall Face POST ONG Ss NY NSB Se ee eR Oe OR Oe oe Ye OD ON AnNBW YH OO Top 23 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. COMMON NAME Maiden Pink Bluebells . . Rock Candytuft . Purple Rock Cress . Rock Soapwort . ; Creeping Chalk Plant . Rock Speedwell . Common Speedwell . Creeping Speedwell . White Stonecrop. . Orange Stonecrop . Pink-flowered Stonecrop . Japanese Stonecrop . Woolly Yarrow . . Tufted Harebell . . Clustered Harebell . Alpine Catchfly . . Alpine Aster . : . Woolly Chickweed . Saxifrage Pink . Golden Aster . Pine Aster of Wall Wall Pepper Creeping Stonecrop .” Mossy Stonecrop Early Saxifrage . Hen-and-Chickens Spider’s-web House Leek . Field Chickweed Moss Pink . . Mother-of-Thyme 69 BOTANICAL NAME Dianthus deltoidea Campanula rotundifolia Iberis sempervirens Aubrietia deltoidea Saponaria. ocymoides Gypsophila repens Veronica rupestris Veronica officinalis Veronica repens Sedum album Sedum kamtschaticum Sedum Ewersii Sedum Sieboldit Achillea tomentosa Campanula cespitosa Campanula glomerata Lychnis alpina Aster alpinus Cerastium tomentosum Tunica Saxifraga Chrysopsis falcata Aster linaritfolius Sedum acre Sedum stoloniferum Sedum sexangulare Saxifraga virginiensis Sempervivum tectorum Sempervivum arachnoideum Cerastium arvense Phlox subulata Thymus Serpyllum 7O 32. 33- 34- BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME Woolly Thyme Mountain Thyme Rupture Wort Base of Wall 35: 36. 37- 38. 39: 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47- 48. 49- 50. Coral Bells Showy Stonecrop Red Columbine . Mexican Columbine Blue Columbine 2 Tall Yellow. Yarrow Greek Yarrow Beaked Madwort Asiatic Aster Carolina Phlox Lavender Cotton Leopard’s Bane 2 Gentian-leaved Speedwell : Hoary Speedwell Canada Violet Rocky Mountain Thread Lily BOTANICAL NAME Thymus Serpyllum, var. lanu- ginosus Thymus Serpyllum, var. mon- tanus Herniaria glabra Heuchera sanguinea Sedum spectabile Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia Skinner Aquilegia cerulea Achillea filipendulina Achillea Tournefortit Alyssum rostratum Calimeris incisa Phlox ovata Santolina Chamecyparissus Doronicum caucasicum Veronica gentianoides Veronica incana Viola canadensis Yucca glauca The 7) PLOICS /eurgsso0 WOM aes cabanas g Pa Lal SYN : Ve aay] YW HEE (> ar aes c 'UDigd Us Pag) ) oe br Fe] Py 2/7 u4}- re: = 1/2 4 a ie nail ee w09¢ La ae rirakcrrss +7 Bi fae oe vr 4 we [3h we oak Mad LZ etiahy Ske ae i Asan AUIRE i as Bie Wr A eee eee ip a FP ay SNE Ge f Co ae SCS rh W ‘ZION NV Td LL oe hed PLETE id ie [eek teh aad SSYW ‘NOLSOG ‘NITEWYH 4 NIHSILS a Cd aclohA GL ZONE A ETIEL AA aT Na oad NATURALISTIC WATER GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. 13) POOL and marshy area lies west of the residence. It is surrounded by low hills—a “kettle-hole”—and by means of a short dam at the south end provided with an overflow a permanent water level can be retained, with an approximate area of two acres of water surface. The shores are rather marshy, the soil of the basin a soft black ooze, and in no place is the water over five feet deep. This is an ideal location for a real Water Garden. The banks are of good soil, but lack vegetation, save pasture grasses, for the land has been long in pasturage. On the high knoll at the north a wood mostly of Oak and Chestnut stretches away in the distance; while a grove of Sugar Maple on the eastern shore and half a dozen sapling White Pine near the outlet represent the tree growth. On the western meadow slope there are scattered clumps of Bayberry. Sweet Fern, etc., and near the water Alder and High Blue- berry have escaped the cows, but for the most part the native shrubs have vanished. After the additional trees have been placed along the shore and the main points of interest located we are ready to put in the paths and trails. These in the main will make a double circuit of the pond, one set at a higher level and one near the water, connecting at various points, and extending toward the house to join paths upon the lawn. The shrub planting will be the main feature of this garden, made up mostly of plants native to that section of the country and arranged somewhat as they would be found naturally. Related exotic species are placed with them to add to the garden effect. Except for the Water Lilies the areas for herbaceous plants are merely indicated as “marsh” and “‘bog,”’ as it will be several vears before these features are developed. Across the outlet a planting of Hemlocks will be started at once as a background for the Rhododendrons and their relatives, which will make one feature of the garden. Along the outlet we shall put a group of Red Maples, Birches, and Black Ash, all native trees and all moisture lovers. Sweet Gum, Sour Gum, and Sassafras are to stand along the east shore (Willows may be planted near them to be cut after a few years), but large open spaces must be left so that the pond is quite visible from the house. The cold bog under the Larches with its cold springs is a home for 73 74 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS the dwarf Heaths and suitable bog herbs, while the marshy area in the west meadow will ultimately be devoted entirely to marsh herbs whose bright summer colors will be seen even from across the water in the di- rection of the house. (See list.) The shore next to the lawn is de- veloped very simply as the short abrupt slope above it cuts it off from sight from the house. On this plan each l/etter indicates a tree growing naturally; each number a group of six or more shrubs or herbs as the key list shows. Remember that the aquatics are to be so placed that the pond will have considerable area of open water, not only in the middle, but in places along the shore. A SMALL POND WITH GOOD PROPORTION OF WATER LILIES AND OPEN WATER PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 13 NATURALISTIC WATER GARDEN Trees Soe ho aA oe COMMON NAME Hemlock . Red Maple River Birch Canoe Birch Black Ash . Sweet Gum American Larch Sassafras Sour Gum . White Willow . Shrubs WDD mee HOD ON DPW WD _ (OD) SO. SONU OSG Bs It Sweet Bay... White Fringe . Button Bush . Spice Bush. Witch Hazel Altertiate-leaved ee | Speckled Alder Leatherwood Winterberry Sweet Gale . Swamp Rose . Common Elder . Nannyberry . Witherod : : . Sweet Pepper Bush . . Swamp Blueberry. . Flame Azalea ‘ . Clammy White Azalea . Pinxter Flower Smooth Azalea . Evergreen Azalea 288 BOTANICAL NAME Tsuga canadensis Acer rubrum Betula nigra Betula papyrifera Fraxinus nigra Liquidambar styraciflua Larix americana Sassafras vartifolium Nyssa sylvatica Salix alba Magnolia glauca Chionanthus virginica Cephalanthus occidentalis Benzoin estivale Hamamelis virginica Cornus alternifolia Alnus incana Dirca palustris Ilex verticillata Myrica gale Rosa carolina Sambucus canadensis Viburnum Lentago Viburnum cassinoides Clethra alnifolia teMishes Vaccinium corymbosum °°" -- Rhododendron calendulaceum Rhododendron viscostim Rhododendron nudiflorum Rhododendron arborescens Rhododendron indicum, var. amenum 75 76 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. oF. 28. ‘29. 30. 31. 32). 33- BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS Rhodora Leather-leaf Bog Rosemary Stagger Bush . Labrador Tea . Mountain Laurel . Sheep Laurel . Swamp Laurel. Great Laurel . Hybrid Rose Bay Dwarf Rose Bay . American Cranberry . Aquatics 34- 35: 36. 37: 38. 39- 40. 4l. 42. 43. 44. 45. Common Pond Lily Yellow Pond Lily. Pink Pond Lily . White Water Liiy Hybrid Water Lily Chinese Water Lily . Yellow Chinese Water Lily . Eastern Lotus American Lotus Cow Lily Cattail . Pickerel Weed Herbs for Marsh Area Forget-me-not . Blue Flag Yellow Flag Siberian Flag Tawny Flag Swamp Lily Purple Loosestrife White Loosestrife Marshmallow . . White Turtlehead . Pink Turtlehead . Purple Milkweed . Ironweed . ‘ White Swamp Aster . BOTANICAL NAME Rhododendron canadense Andfomeda glaucophylla Piefis floribunda Ledum palustre almia latifolia almia angustifolia Kalmia polifolia Rhododendron maximum : Rhododendron catawbiense, hybrids Rhododendron punctatum Vaccinium macrocarpon Nymphea odorata Nymphea odorata, var. sulphurea Nymphea odorata, var. rosea Nymphea alba, var. candidissima Nymphaea Laydeckeri, var. purpurata Nymphea pygmea Nymphea pygmea, var. Helvola Nelumbo nuctfera Nelumbo lutea Nuphar advena Typha latifolia Pontederia cordata Myosotis scorpioides Iris versicolor Iris pseudacorus Iris sibtrica Iris fulva Lilium canadense Lythrum Salicaria Lysimachia clethroides Hibiscus Moscheutos Chelone glabra Chelone Lyonii Asclepias incarnata Vernonia novaboracensis Aster umbellatus . e LL Pe , pub yoo EI ‘ON NW 7d whl WIAWNIDIO eR LG fa ee elle ale n =) OAT Ade Lae a rT) 1d 2a ora NICU YALYM JILSITVYHNLYN Y 78 COMMON NAME Joe-Pye-Weed . Boneset . Closed Gehtan Herbs for Bog Area Marsh Marigold Swamp Buttercup Golden Ragwort Swamp Pink . Golden Trumpets Cardinal Flower Deer Grass Arrowhead . Royal Fern Cinnamon Fern etc., etc. BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS BOTANICAL NAME Eupatorium purpureum Eupatorium perfoliatum Gentiana Andrewsit Caltha palustris Ranunculus septentrionalis Senecio aureus Calopogon pulchellus Sarracenia flava Lobelia cardinalis Rhexia virginica Sagittaria latifolia Osmunda regalis Osmunda cinnamomea - ARTIFICIAL WATER GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. I4) N A rather large village lot the owner wishes to build a small pool and Marsh Garden. A small but constant supply of water can be had through a pipe, either from town or private supply or from distant brook or spring by gravity or hydraulic ram. Since this water is probably too cool for Water Lilies it may be well to build an open warming tank into which the water may flow before it runs into the pool. If the source of supply is a deep well the water is probably very hard, and it will be well to turn the rainwater from the house conductors into the pool. From the tank the water will run in a gentle rill into the pool; the bed of this tiny stream must be made of concrete which we hide by stones and pebbles put on while the concrete is still soft. The pool and tank will be made of concrete, the rims partly hidden by large stones laid on the soft cement. These stones are suggested on the plan by the cross- hatched areas. Other screen will be furnished by the planting. Near the seat under the Ginkgo trees (B on the plan), or other striking pair of trees, the rim may show hard and firm with a broad step which people may stand upon as they look down into the water. In the tank the water may be less than a foot deep in order to get warmed by the rays of the sun; and in the pool the average depth will be two feet as the Water Lilies are all in tubs which are removed in the winter. A clean-out drain should be provided that the pool may be drained in the fall and the concrete covered deeply with leaves and straw, for we have imagined the frost conditions of our northern winters. Unless the water supply is abundant no overflow outlet to the pool is needed. Let the water flow off in a shallow rill and sink away in the soil. A heavy clay soil will require drain tile to carry the surplus water away, but a sandy or porous soil will drain itself, particularly if the land drops to the west. This marsh will be the home for small shrubs that are moisture-loving. At the lower end of the marsh take out the original soil and add good peat, for evergreen Heaths are a feature of this part of the garden. Sim- ple paths of gravel or turf are necessary that we may get close to the plants to admire them, and wherever the soil becomes boggy we put down flat field stones. Tall trees and tall shrubbery will enclose this garden on three sides, 79 80 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS leaving the side next the lawn quite open. We must have the pool open to the sun at least all the morning. The planting of the rest of the lawn is not indicated. In fact, it might be much like that of the village home of Plan No. 2, for this treat- ment might be applied to the rear portion of that lot in place of the vegetable garden. Only a few species of water-loving herbs will be put in at first, but large masses of the most refined and pleasing sorts in soil that suits them. Forget-me-not and Cardinal Flower will be at-home in the marshy part, and Iris in several colors will stand about the pool margin. Most of the plants within the area bounded by the walk do not exceed a height of two to three feet, but between the walk and the property line the sorts suggested are to grow at least to six feet and form as com- plete a screen as conditions on the adjoining lots seem to require. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 14 ARTIFICIAL WATER GARDEN Trees TO mS OO b> COMMON NAME . Austrian Pine Maidenhair Tree Tulip Tree. Pin Oak . Swamp White Oak Sugar Maple . Shining Willow Golden Larch . Shrubs — OLE COS ON lS See Alternate-leaved Dogwood . Witch Hazel Leatherwood ; Sweet Pepper Bush . Winterberry - Hobblebush Sweet Bay Pinxter Flower Clammy Azalea Flame Azalea . Rhodora . Evergreen Azalea . Virginia Willow . Rosemary Willow . Moorwort . . Heather. . Sand Myrtle . . Labrador Tea Mountain Laurel . . Southern Fetterbush . . Staggerbush . Japanese Staggerbush . Early Rose Bay . BOTANICAL NAME Pinus Laricio, var. austriaca Ginkgo biloba Liriodendron tulipifera Quercus palustris Quercus bicolor Acer saccharum Salix pentandra Pseudolarix Kaempfert Cornus alternifolia Hamamelis virginiana Dirca palustris Clethra alnifolia Ilex verticillata Viburnum alnifolium Magnolia glauca Rhododendron nudiflorum Rhododendron viscosum Rhododendron calendulaceum Rhododendron canadense Rhododendron indicum, var. amenum Itea virginica Salix incana Andromeda polifolia Calluna vulgaris Leiophyllum buxtfolium Ledum palustre Kalmia latifolia Leucothoé Catesbet Pieris floribunda Pieris japonica Rhododendron precox 81 82 24. ae. 26. BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME Rusty Rose Bay . Hairy Rose Bay Southern Rose Bay Aquatics 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32° 33- Pink Water Lily . White Water Lily White Water Lily Yellow Water Lily . Chinese Water Lily . Yellow Chinese Water oe Eastern Lotus Shore Herbs 34- 35- 36. 37- 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43- 44. 45- 46. 47. 48. Yellow Flag Siberian Flag . Japanese Iris . Oriental Flag ea Yellow Fleur-de-Lis . Tawny Flag . . Thunberg’s Lemon Lily Marsh Marigold . Cardinal Flower Marsh Mallow Forget-me-not . Closed Gentian Royal Fern... Maidenhair Fern Canada Violet etc., etc., etc. Rhododendron ferrugineum Rhododendron hirsutum Rhododendron punctatum Nymphaea Laydeckert, var. rosea Nymphaea Marliacea, var. albida Nymphea alba, var. candidissima Nymphea Marliacea, var. chromatella Nymphaea pygmea Nymphea pygmea, var. Helvola Nelumbo nucifera Iris pseudacorus Tris sibirica in variety Iris levigata Iris ochroleuca Tris flavescens Iris fulva Hemerocallis Thunbergii Caltha palustris Lobelia cardinalis Hibiscus Moscheutos Myosotis scorpioides Gentiana Andrewsit Osmunda regalis Adiantum pedatum Viola canadensis SON Aa ho ee ELL Le) YINOISTG ASVIGUNYT 6SUW 'NOLSOR WA Ae ae a) na A “oe! On NIGYVYD FAFLVYM TWIDIAILUY NY — ha WOODLAND GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. I5) WOOD like that of which a part is shown on the accompanying plan offers unusual opportunity for a special kind of garden. We shall take this spur projection of the forest, and as a winding path already exists through the kind offices of shade-seeking cows, the site is ready for us. Various Oaks, Hickories, Chestnuts, and Sugar Maples are the chief trees of the forest, though White Birches, Black Birches, Lindens, Ashes, and other forest trees may appear in small groups or singly. The round dots on the plan indicate the trunks of these deciduous trees; the dot-and-cross represents the evergreen trees. All the trunks are not indicated nor the foliage shown, else the plan would be too crowded to be intelligible. The group of White Pine and that of Hemlock adds interest and variety to the forest and has special value in winter. If no evergreen trees exist, start two groups at once. We shall first clear away the dead lower limbs of the trees near the path, and remove the undergrowth in places to add other species, but except near the path the wood shall be as Nature makes it. No two woods are alike as to floor conditions, but we may imagine that this grove has been kept rather open by grazing animals. A few individual trees of distinctive character will be added to give points of - interest, particularly Red Cedars at the entrance, and Beech, Holly, and Moosewood to frame a picnic grove that may have seats and a table. The shrubs are arranged in small masses to give pleasing groups against the tree trunks and to border the path. They are species that grow well in partial shade and in a rather dry soil. Not more than fifty feet on each side of the path should be cleared and planted, and-we make the dividing line very irregular and indefinite, rather than as distinct as the plan would seem to indicate. For the picnic grove we clear away a larger area and bring in seats and a plank table for use in picnics. The planting about this part should be of rather a tall nature and such that it will not be much injured by the frolics that the children will here enjoy. Quite frequently a few large boulders may be found in such a wood as this, or they may be slyly in- serted to act also as seats and as a wall to the outdoor room as well. The cross-hatched areas on the plan suggest their location. 85 . 86 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS The shrubs are mostly native deciduous sorts, probably already ex- isting or to be collected near by; but in the picnic area and near the entrance a few broad-leaved native evergreens are indicated, as Mountain Laurel and Inkberry, for we may like to visit our garden even when the snow lies deep upon it. An unlimited number of wood-loving herbs may now be added. The natural growth of wood herbs may be supplemented somewhat as the list shows, in no order or color scheme, but in large and irregular masses, each in proper soil and shade conditions. There will be bloom from He- patica and Snowdrop (for we may introduce whatever will grow for us) to Asters and Goldenrod of autumn, as we imitate what may be found growing naturally on the floor of our northern woods, and modify its arrangement to suit our fancy to outdo Nature at her best. THE BIG UMBRELLA LEAVES OF MAY- APPLE (PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM) HIDE THE FLOWER. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 15 WOODLAND GARDEN Trees eae COMMON NAME Red Cedar . . Hop Hornbeam Moosewood . . Hornbeam . American Reach . Smooth Sumac . American Holly Shrubs PB oro TO mo oo oe . Inkberry. . Reo . Mountain (aurel . Sheep Laurel Bayberry Dockmackie . Flowering Dogwood Shadbush . Sweet Pepper Bush . Witch Hazel. Blueberry Pinxter Flower Virgin’s Bower... Creeping Strawberry Bush Bnstly Dewberry Herbs Wild Ginger . European Ginger May-apple Larger Bellwort Fringed Polvygala Bunchberry ? Smaller Solomon’s Seal 87 BOTANICAL NAME Juniperus virginiana Ostrya virginica Acer pennsylvanicum Carpinus caroliniana Fagus grandtfolia Rhus glabra Ilex opaca Ilex glabra Kalmia latifolia Kalmia angustifolia Myrica caroliniensis Viburnum acerifolium Cornus florida Amelanchier canadensis Clethra alnifolia Hamamelis virginiana Vaccinium corymbosum Rhododendron nudiflorum Clematis virginiana Evonymus obovata Rubus villosus Asarum virginicum Asarum europeum Podophyllum peltatum Uvularia grandiflora Polygala pauciflora Cornus canadensis Polygonatum biflorum 88 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS False Solomon’s Seal White Baneberry Red Baneberry Bloodroot Dutchman’s Breeches Spring Beauty False Mitrewort. Yellow Star Grass . Liverleaf Rue Anemone Canada Violet Common Ladies’ Slipper Shinleaf . Partridge Berry Spikenard Bugbane : White Snakeroot Wreathrod_ . Spiked Goldenrod . White Wood Aster . Big-leaved Aster Blue Wood Aster Wood Lily : Lily-of-the-Valley Common Snowdrop. Two-flowered Squill Christmas Fern . Ebony Spleenwort . . Marginal Shield Fern . Hay-scented Fern BOTANICAL NAME Smilacina racemosa Actea alba Actea spicata, var. rubra Sanguinaria canadensis Dicentra Cucullaria Claytonia virginica Tiarella cordifolia Hypoxis hirsuta Hepatica triloba Syndesmon. thalictroides Viola canadensis Cypripedium acaule Pyrola elliptica Mitchella repens Aralia racemosa Cimicifuga racemosa Eupatorium urticifolium Solidago cesia Solidago squarrosa Aster divaricatus Aster macrophyllus Aster levis Lilium philadelphicum Convallaria majalis Galanthus nivalis Scilla bifolia Polystichum acrostichoides Asplenium platyneuron Dryopteris marginale Dennstedtia punctilobula ITA Ae td BOSTON, MASS. DECEMBER, (914. NS N Q S 6 Ss Fs P < et a cr) EG A WOODLAND GARDEN. ¢ OANA a ET LR hee MALLS ie a! RAT Te & ry RES] PN za SS) eaot el 23 ere) <9 we rh ny Pasture. WILD PLANTING (SEE PLAN NO. 16) BUNGALOW site at the edge of a wood, facing a river, lake, mountain, or other fine piece of natural scenery calls for a nat- ural treatment; using native or even local material. The plan shows a bungalow placed on the slope of a rather steep hill, with an un- obstructed view to the river about 250 feet below it on the east. The dotted lines with the numbers at the ends show approximate successive elevations of five feet from the river. The hill continues to rise to the west of the bungalow, but on the north a shallow valley stretches away in the wood and suggests a trail for a woodland ramble. The wood about consists of Chestnut, Oak, and Hickory, with a few Sugar Maple and Gray Birch. Hazels (Corylus americana), Sumacs (Rhus typhina), and Sweet Fern (Comptonia asplenifolia) compose the chief shrub growth. The area that we treat may be as large or small as we like, there are several acres of land, in wood and field, in this property. The house is built to fit the site, and is half hidden by the trees. There was little grading done as there was no cellar built. Special instructions were given to the workmen to save the existing growth and to disturb the natural soil surface as little as possible. A cheap dirt road to lead up from the street below, a path to the river, and a few wood- land trails are constructed. The bungalow is occupied intermittently from April to November. The owner is willing to spend any reasonable sum in planting. What shall we do? Obviously, we may add very little or we may make extensive addi- tions and alterations to the existing growth. For the sake of example we shall choose a middle course. It will probably not be necessary to add any trees, at least any new species, but a group of evergreens on the north side would contrast well with the deciduous trees, especially in autumn. Use the species most common in that section of the country suited to your soil, as Hemlock, White, Pitch, or Red Pine, and Red Cedar. White Pine, with a few Red Cedars near the house, will most generally fit nat- urally into the native forest growth. The shrub planting is the real part of this problem. First make a careful list of the species upon or near the property, and then seek to add to the quantities of these or introduce similar species, placing them in as natural a way as you are able. Though many arrangements are possi- gt 92 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS ble, and no two sites can possibly have the same treatment, yet we shall suppose that the accompanying plan is fairly typical of what we may plant. Each figure or letter represents a group of about ten plants, ir- regularly spaced, and though placed as Nature would grow them, yet planted in such a way that one does not interfere too much with the development of the others. Dogwoods and Elder, as they are tall and vigorous, border the drive; Sumacs and Bayberry are added along the trail to the river. The valley north of the bungalow is planted in large masses of the lower shrubs that have showy flowers, as Flowering Dogwood at the end of the trail with Pinxter Flower, Shadbush, Sweet Pepper Bush, Witch Hazel, etc., for a succession of bloom, while the foliage of Mountain Laurel will make a permanent green background. When the shrubs are placed we put in great masses of showy native herbs, particularly along the slope below the bungalow where they will be visible from the piazza; then large groups under the shrubs along the drive, and on both sides of the trails. They are not planted in any scheme or order, but merely where they will thrive under the conditions offered them and give masses of color in their season. Wherever the soil has been disturbed we sow seed of the most showy wild flowers of the region, collect quantities of the few most effective sorts from the nearby fields, and add smaller touches as time goes on of other American or exotic material. When all this has been carefully and sympathetically carried out Nature will have been beaten at her own game, and to lovers of fields and gardens the charm of this hillside can never pass away. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 16 A WILD PLANTING Trees COMMON NAME A. White Pine B. Red Cedar Shrubs Common Juniper Smooth Sumac Field Sumac Fragrant Sumac . Bayberry Shining Rose Bnstly Rose Flowering Raspberry Witch Hazel ‘ Mountain Laurel . Sheep Laurel Mountain Maple Dockmackie . Arrow-wood . Shadbush . Common Barberry Sweet Brier Rose Red-berried Elder . Panicled Dogwood Silky Cornel x 2 Red Osier Dogwood . Flowering Dogwood Sweet Pepper Bush Pinxter Flower Roxbury Waxwork Virginia Creeper Lal bed pmo (FPG ROD OYA pm | mt ta SO eu He ww ww WY Ya fe toa te to oN Herbs a. New England Aster b. Blue Wood Aster 93 BOTANICAL NAME Pinus Strobus Juniperus virginiana Juniperus communis Rhus glabra Rhus copallina Rhus canadensis Myrica caroliniensis Rosa virginiana Rosa nitida Rubus odoratus Hamamelis virginiana Kalmia latifolia Kalmia angustifolia -lcer spicatum Viburnum acerifolium Viburnum dentatum -lmelanchier canadensis Berberis vulgaris Rosa rubiginosa Sambucus pubens Cornus racemosa Cornus .4momum Cornus stolonifera Cornus florida Clethra alnifolia Rhododendron nudiflorum Celastrus scandens Parthenocissus quinquefolia Aster nove-anghe Aster levis 2 eee ee BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME . White Wood Aster . . Spiked Goldenrod Wreathrod . Blazing Star . White Snakeroot Butter-and-Eggs Butterfly Weed Tall Anemone False Solomon’s Seal . White oe . Liverleaf . . Bloodroot . May-apple . . Bird’s-foot Violet Wood Lily Moss Pink . . Tawny Day Lily Thread Lily BOTANICAL NAME Aster divaricatus Solidago squarrosa Solidago cesia Liatris squarrosa Eupatorium urticifolium Linaria vulgaris Asclepias tuberosa Anemone canadensis Smilacina racemosa Actea alba Hepatica triloba Sanguinaria canadensis Podophyllum peltatum Viola pedata Lilium philadelphicum Phlox subulata Hemerocallis fulva Yucca filamentosa PLE LED Lat y Pare] rl -—- rd i re “ 2 ae Yon lan ( ed 7 = me Ba Weer Tm sca yn oS Cy CIEL: GAS -F Yd by ~ / x f hsoyoiH ~ nip GON NW Td tt LL - ee ELL eA a ‘ssyW ‘NOLSOG Wd =A de ha | OD ° C177 7 ONILNV Td GTM ¥ ANNUAL GARDEN (SEE PLAN NO. 17) HIS garden is a representation of a typical annual cut-flower gar- den, grown as a part of a vegetable garden, partly screened from the lawn, with a few simple garden features, such as small rough trellises, simple seats, and straight walks to give it distinction. Most of the plan is self-explanatory. The walks are simply the earth packed down by the treading of feet, the beds are measured off each year, and outlined by stakes and strings until the seedlings have become easily visible. The narrow cross-paths are not much used as garden walks, but are put through simply to give ease in cultivation when the plants are young; later the blossoming plants will nearly hide them. The central path may be made usable in wet weather by a plank walk laid down in sections. In October we take up the three benches, the board walk, the poles of the arbor and those for the beans, and dig the bulbs and tubers. In late October or in early April we plow this area again along with the vegetable garden; fertilize, harrow, and rake; and again stake out the beds, somewhat as before, or differently in details. Thus the soil prep- aration will be easy but thorough. This garden will supply a small village with cut flowers if it thrives as it should, yet it will be no more care than a vegetable garden of the same size. All the sorts suggested may be sown directly in the ground in early May as they are all hardy species of annuals; many of them even will self-sow and make trouble the next season. Some of them may be _ started in flats and transplanted about a foot apart, except the edging plants which should be set or thinned to stand much more closely. Have an oversupply of seedlings and plant a reserve among the vegetables, to fill in wherever a plant fails. Poppies, Blanket Flower, Lupine, California Poppy, and others, do not transplant well, and must be sown in place. Large seeds as of Sunflower, Lupine, Castor Oil Bean, Four-o’clock, Nas- turtium, Morning Glory, and such should be placed separately at least a foot apart, as almost every seed will germinate under normal con- ditions. For this planting you should get seed from one of the larger seed houses that offers separate colors in the best of strains; bought from the grocery store you will get grocery store quality of bloom, and not 97 98 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS the large fine flowers of the up-to-date seedsman. You will be able to save a part of your seed each year, if you know the failings of home- grown seed. The bulbs and tubers are not absolutely necessary for a full effect; some of the showy annuals may be used in their place; but they give strength to the garden and fill the beds when the early annuals shall have died down. If dug and stored in winter their expense is not repeated, and they will increase yearly in numbers. A few only might be bought at first; a few more yearly with the natural increase would soon give the suggested quantity. The named sorts will be more satisfactory than mixtures in a thought-out planting like this. I would advise get- ting the Cannas for the centre the first year. No garden whose season is of but one summer only and the cost very slight can give more of a blaze of color than this. The arrangement of the plants is so planned as to give definite color, height, and seasonal effects. Color contrasts are particularly well worked out, as these an- nuals have a long period of bloom. Such a scheme as this is far different from the usual unplanned arrangement. On the south side the plants are not of very tall growth and the colors are blue and yellow in the main. The north side has tall Sun- flowers and Dahlias with the scarlet of Poppies and Sage in front. The west end rises in successive heights of orange and yellow Composites, from French Marigold, Calendula, and Blanket Flower, to Zinnia, Afri- can Marigold, and Sunflowers; while a hedge of Castor Oil Bean divides flowers from vegetables. The east end is for the evening: Morning Glories on the lattice fence, with Four-o’clocks to keep them company, and white flowers to shine at night make us linger on the seats after dark. The cross panels at the eastern end are devoted to annuals with blue or lavender flowers, while the bulbs that accompany them bloom in white or pink. The centre panel flares in the scarlet and crimson of Gladioli and Cannas, with such plants growing beneath them as will best cover the soil. Red California Poppy seems appropriate edging for the main cross-walk, and white Alyssum for the centre walk. Dwarf Nasturtiums harmonize with the orange and yellow of the west end, and white Candy- tuft best borders the walk at the east. All the paths may have edging plants, but the tall fellows in most of the beds will at length smother them. The whole garden may be planted at one time, with no provision for succession of bloom, for as each early blooming plant has passed its prime it should be removed to make room for the bulbs to develop. After mid-June this garden will glow with color until cut down by the frosts of September. CONT ON WW hd \o Io. II. 12. 13. 14. 16. 16. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 17 AN ANNUAL GARDEN COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME . Japanese Hops . Humulus japonicus . Morning Glory, in variety. Ipomea purpurea . Scarlet Runner Bean Phaseolus multiflorus . Castor Oil Bean, in 4 varieties Ricinus communis . Branching Single Sunflower Helianthus annuus, var. cucumeri- , folius . Double Sunflower ; Helianthus annuus, var. nanus fl. 1. . Single Dahlia, in variety Dahlia rosea . Yellow Zinnia Zinnia elegans “Giant Sulphur Yellow”’ . Dark Yellow Zinnia Zinnia elegans ‘‘Giant Golden Yel- low”’ Summer Cypress. Kochia scoparia Hardy Grasses, Mixed . Fountain Grass Cloud Grass Job’s Tears . Quaking Grass Canna, in 4 varieties with White Ageratum Houstonianum“ Imperial Floss-flower Dwarf White” a. Canna “Pennsylvania’”—vermilion. b. Canna “‘Italia”’—scarlet. c. Canna “ King Humbert ”’—scarlet. d. Canna “Allemania”—salmon. Gladiolus, in 4 varieties with An- nual Pinks Dianthus chinensis var. Heddewigii a. Gladiolus ‘“America’’—pink. b. Gladiolus “ Brilliant ”’—scarlet. c. Gladiolus ‘‘Columbia”—scarlet. d. Gladiolus “Wm. Falconer”—pink. Summer Hyacinth Galtonia candicans Pennisetum villosum Agrostis nebulosa Coix Lacryma-Jobi Briza maxima Opium Poppy : Red Tobacco-plant . Scarlet Sage . 99 Papaver somniferum Nicotiana Sandere Salvia splendens 100 17. 18. 19. 20. 2I. 22. 23}. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ce a2, 33- 34. 35. 37- 38. 39- 40. BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME Lupine, in variety Shirley Poppy Calliopsis . Yellow African Marigold Orange African Marigold Annual Blanket Flower Yellow Pot Marigold Orange Pot Marigold White Zinnia Dwarf Nasturtium . Four-o’clock White Canna. Annual Larkspur Red California Poppy . White Candytuft Dwarf Sweet Alyssum White Pot Marigold French Marigold Dwarf Scarlet Sage . Rose Satin Flower . Panicled Annual Larkspur BOTANICAL NAME Lupinus hirsutus, L. luteus, etc. Papaver Rheas Coreopsis tinctoria Tagetes erecta “Lemon Queen” Tagetes erecta “Orange Prince” Gaillardia pulchella, var. picta Calendula officinalis “‘ Meteor” Calendula officinalis “Orange King Zinnia elegans “Giant White” Tropgolum minus Mirabilis Jalapa Canna “ Maros” Delphinium Ajacis, in variety Eschscholtzia californica ‘‘ Crimson King” Iberis amara “Giant Snowflake” Alyssum maritimum “ Little Gem” Calendula officinalis, var. Pongei fi. pl. Tagetes patula, in variety Salvia splendens “‘ Bonfire” Cnothera Whitneyi “ Brilliant” Delphinitum consolida, in variety 3? with White Gladiolus ‘ ee Love-in-a-Mist . ; Nigella damascena with Pink Gladiolus ‘ “Shakespeare” Sweet Scabious . Sweet Sultans Drummond’s Annual Phlox Scabiosa atropurpurea, in variety Centaurea moschata, in variety Phlox Drummondii, in variety UDP AOD 0/9 04 BH 2A E if we x > ae x EI ELEY £ £, erst ae 5! 72 pr ae =] 5) beet SHAS tinsac ees ag i ——— ies c ry SSS =) cy ee le N SS 22 N \ aon rg a irifre 2 el sae ly al een atin Wen Waele Titi gn ire ea Tiel saanavdNduanhinge PGS PN pO my Tale) Cl] us ; PRG LST: Lie Oe A): fe ae 4 ; sc js 5 ' COLE, eke Oe Bon reo ary y (a Se Pe gh ee iat Saks Gstaes eel eerie) i dl ‘LT ‘ON NV Tet reg ad eee Ped ee A) "MINDIGAD ISAVIGUN YT Toll aa Led Tia As] ds ee Le ry ae of i 0 NAIGUYVD TYINNY NY FORMAL GARDEN OF JAPANESE PLANTS (SEE PLAN NO. 18) FRIEND of ours who has considerable worldly possessions, and is a lover of Nature, wishes a garden of Japanese plants, not a Japanese garden, but an American garden using practically only hardy plants which have been comparatively recently introduced from Japan and the Far East. As the trees are to be arranged somewhat in a regular manner for a fancied oriental effect that equal spacing may give, the general outline of the garden will be formal in character. It was decided to put a six-foot wall entirely around the area that the plants may seem to be wholly separated from the rest of the estate. There seems to be the most room for this garden on the north side of the house, and the walk into it from the house will end in the garden. All the construction will be of permanent material, either of concrete or brick, as this garden is planned to far outlast its builder. In fact, it will take many years for the trees to take on the form that will carry out the feeling desired by the planner. The walks will be of gravel, edged with concrete. Beyond the garden a low hill rises at the north, and on this most of the evergreen trees will be placed, outside the garden wall, as a back- ground for the garden. Though regularly spaced at first, they will also be placed in natural groups to clothe the whole hill and give the garden shelter. Only a bit of the planting outside the garden wall is shown; we have no room to indicate how the other planting will join it, and it would not be of Japanese character, but related native species. The arrangement itself is rather simple, perhaps too simple, but the garden will look quite different to the eye than it does on the plan, es- pecially when the rows of trees get to some considerable size. At termini of the walks we place seats or stone lanterns, as indicated by the shaded areas on the plan. The two central panels have each a regular row of Kadsura trees alternated with Chinese Redbud; one is for outline, the other for flower, and both are similar in leaf. The two outer pairs of panels have an equal number of Ginkgo trees alternated with Japanese Flowering Dogwood, one for height and form, and the other for flowers. The two narrower beds are for show of flowers from the Evergreen Azaleas and the winter color of the Japanese Yew. A row of Japanese Tree Lilacs stands outside the wall, and a pair 103 104 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS of Golden Larches guards the entrance. Except for the foliage of the Ginkgo and Kadsura trees the shape and foliage effects of the trees will be scarcely different from those of our native trees. These two dominate the garden. Around the wall, within and without the garden, are shrubs and vines, many of them well-known, but all of eastern origin, planted to hide most of the brick or stone of the wall. Other lower shrubs, showy in leaf or flower, make lines of foliage between the outer walk and the wall, while tall shrubs of unique characteristics make accent points in the garden. The herb planting is the main feature as one wanders within the garden. Each of the eight panels is treated similarly in plan but dif- ferently as to species used, usually in three belts with herbs of three heights, the tallest in the centre and the lowest used as edging. Each bed will thus make three separate shows of flower, but the central strip of each side of each panel will have also plants of other species in irregular masses, as indicated in the list but not outlined on the plan. Infinite variety in detail is thus assured, yet the main lines of color will be strong in their season. It is impossible to say what a garden of this nature would cost, as many of the plants cannot yet be bought in great quantity. We might well start a nursery of our own while the wall and walks are being built. Aside from the fancied value due to the fact that all the plants in this garden are eastern in their origin, the garden itself should be a de- light every day in the year to him who walks and thinks within it. THE BEST BORDER PLANT FOR SPIKES OF BLUE IN MID-SUMMER, JAPANESE SPEEDWELL (VERONICA LONGI- FOLIA, VAR. SUBSESSILIS). PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 18 FORMAL GARDEN OF JAPANESE PLANTS Trees AnmADOwWS COMMON NAME . Maidenhair Tree - Tree Lilac : . Kadsura Tree . . Golden Larch . Japanese Hemlock . Japanese Arborvitz . Hybrid Magnolia . Shrubs I. 00 ON Duis Ww bv _ 4 13- 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Japanese Flowering Dog- wood . Japanese Yew . . Chinese Redbud . Hall’s Starry Magnolia . Japanese Mountain Azalea . Japanese Holly . Japanese Box . Tree Peony. . . Japanese Hercules’ Club . Cut-leaved Red Japanese Maple. . . . . Cut-leaved Japanese Maple 12. Green-barked Golden Bell White Weigela Van Houtte’s Spirea ~ Red Weigela Silver Kerria Japanese Snowball Siebold’s Barberry . Japanese Spirea Thunberg’s Spirea . Bumald’s Spirea Pink Sweet Pea Shrub Ginkgo biloba Syringa japonica Cercidiphyllum japonicum Pseudolarix Kempfert Tsuga diverstfolia Thuya japonica Wagnolia Soulangeana Cornus Kousa Taxus cuspidata Cercis chinensis Afagnolia stellata Rhododendron indicum, var. Kempferi Ilex crenata Buxus japonica Peonia Moutan tralia japonica Acer palmatum, vat. alcer palmatum, var. Forsythia viridissima Diervilla candida ornatum dissectum . Spirea Van Houiter Diervilla Eva Rathke Kerria japonica, var. variegata Viburnum tomentosum, var. plicatum ‘Berberis Sieboldit : Spirea japonica Spirea Thunbergit Spiraea Bumalda Lespedeza Sieboldii Ios 106 22. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. $1. 32. BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME White Sweet Pea Shrub . Japanese Barberry Slender Deutzia Evergreen Azalea White Panicled Clematis Boston Ivy Japanese Wisteria . ; White Japanese Wisteria . Climbing Knotweed Shrubby Evergreen Eu- onymus ; Herbs nSxex oe dcce nn Ovo S owen. oe oan oD . Japanese Mountain Spurge . Japanese Lily . . Gold-banded Lily . Japanese Windflower . Hardy Chrysanthemum . Peony ef & . Japanese Iris . Late Lemon Lily . . Bleeding Heart . Balloon Flower . Giant Knotweed . Orange Day Lily . Japanese Eulalia . Showy Stonecrop . Variegated Plantain Lily . Broad-leaved Plantain Lily . Lance-leaved Plantain Lily . Fortune’s Blue Day Lily . Siebold’s Blue Day Lily White Day Lily . Japanese Goat’s Beard . Japanese Speedwell . White Loosestrife . June Lily . Tiger Lily . Japanese Groundsel Giant Groundsel Also in bed e—in small groups Japanese Baneberry BOTANICAL NAME Lespedeza japonica Berberis Thunbergit Deutzia gracilis Rhododendron indicum, var. amenum Clematis paniculata Parthenocissus tricuspidata Wisteria multijuga Wisteria mulijuga, var. alba Polygonum Baldschuanicum Evonymus radicans, var. vegetus Pachysandra terminalis Lilium speciosum Lilium auratum .{nemone japonica Chrysanthemum indicum, var. hortorum Peonia albiflora, in variety Tris levigata, in variety Hemerocallis Thunbergit Dicentra spectabilis Platycodon grandiflorum Polygonum Sieboldii Hemerocallis Dumortiert Miscanthus sinensis Sedum spectabile Hosta cerulea undulata variegata Hosta caerulea Hosta lanctfolia Hosta Fortunet Hosta Sieboldiana Hosta plantaginea Aruncus astilboides Feronica longifolia, var. subsessilis Lysimachia clethroides Lilium elegans Lilium tigrinum Senecio japonicus Senecio Clivorum Actea spicata posse A . ae 1 ge Ge eee ee hve Te ve = f 4 4 5 =; Goss et eee avn on = 0 4 Nice I pL E A a FA Ed Oe ope MZ a 2 a Si REY Mae eee J s(ve— i= [7 Lae 7 eae ZI Ca 7 weer 1 re 5s ee a Fae AS "ya = $y} -——— oo ef en eo Tid iy es SSB OOD ee ey ry =P PP) ST SLT ET LSE ET ELOISE SSI ATE ETL eeu Oe ae Lae Ee hed ge ct oo - ge ge ge SO) ea Aen A SS EL ime Oe A ae en ae Fatt A me oP a A ek=| 'NITEWYH f NIHA TLS La — —| CO TT Cy SINVY Td ASANVAIVS et ECE a ae) TVWHOA ¥ 108 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME Blackberry Lily Orange Stonecrop Also in bed w—in small groups Queen-of-the-Meadow False Goat’s Beard Dwarf Yellow Stonecrop Also in bed u—in small groups Late-flowering Monkshood ' Japanese Squill - Yellow Stonecrop Also in bed v—in small groups Japanese Scabious Spring Adonis Siebold’s Stonecrop BOTANICAL NAME Belamcanda chinensis Sedum kamtschaticum Ulmaria purpurea Astilbe japonica Sedum Maximowiczii Aconitum autumnale Scilla japonica Sedum Aizoon Scabiosa japonica Adonis amurensis Sedum Sieboldii HARDY CHRYSANTHEMUMS Unsurpassed for the border and for cutting during the last days of autumn. The great variety of color and form includes something that will suit everybody. BORDER OF FRAGRANT FLOWERS (SEE PLAN NO. 19) RAGRANCE in flowers is an added charm in any garden plant- ing, but too frequently it is wholly a chance event in planning the border. A charming effect may be obtained by using plants, both shrubs and herbs, exclusively for their fragrance in a special border of not too great size. Something of a finished garden effect may per- haps of necessity be sacrificed, but as the fragrance can only be truly enjoyed when near at hand the border must be near the house, prefer- ably near the piazza or the living rooms. Also there should be a shaded seat where we may sit and dream in this garden of sweet odors. Then, though many flowers are most fragrant in full sun, some are soon robbed of odor by high heat and last longest in shade, while not a few of our most odorous blossoms guard their sweet savors from the sun and pour forth only with the dews of night. Again, while Purple Lilac, Sweet Syringa, Valerian, Sweet Rocket, and many more are so powerful that they may even be objectionable when close at hand, and far sweeter when borne to us by the breeze, a greater number have a more elusive fragrance and should be close at hand to give a strong effect. So though one Lilac may be enough for a garden, we need a large bed of Violets or Lily-of-the-Valley to get a corresponding amount of perfume. We must beware, too, of mixing several strong odors in the garden at one time, the result may be a discord to the sense of smell—there is no term to describe it—and even nausea may result. Time of bloom must also be carefully worked out, and odors that do not harmonize must be the whole length of the garden apart. While adjusting the arrangement by season of bloom do not forget to provide for eight months of flowers— from Hyacinths in April to Yellow Chrysanthemums in October. It is possible to arrange a performance of star performers with a change every two weeks, the minor parts being carried by plants of lesser fragrance, but still necessary to give body to the whole effect. Plants with fragrant leaves are excellent for the chorus work, especially when in strong sunlight or near the path. Many varieties of fragrant species are nearly odorless. There is endless variety in intensity of odor in Phloxes, Irises, Peonies, Lilacs, Roses, Pinks, etc. Some named sorts are far more fragrant than those our grandmothers knew, while some new kinds are practically odorless; 109 110 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS not only is there a difference in quantity but in quality. Add to all these factors the usual considerations of foliage harmony, season’s bloom, height of plant and season of growth, and we discover that a fragrance border is not so easy to plan as an ordinary border. The accompanying plan is suggestive of what might be done to carry out the idea of a garden of sweet odors. I know that I have too many odors there, but what am I todo? I want Hyacinth, Violet, Peony, Pink, Mock Orange, Strawberry Shrub, and many more, and my walk is but a hundred feet long. Fortunately the time of bloom varies, and some of my favorites are censers by night only. The great rush of odor comes in June and July, though each month and each part of the day has its particular fragrance as we sit and muse on the garden seat at the end of the walk under the tall White Lilacs. The straight walk to the east piazza is bordered with herbs and backed by shrubs, the two sides somewhat alike, yet not the same. Open lawn stretches to the south and a heavy belt of evergreen trees and flow- ering shrubs give shelter on the north. If the little garden be in a slight hollow then the winds will not so easily blow away the odors, but they may lie like light vapors over the walk and seat, especially at evening. The planting list explains the arrangement, and a study of it in its relation to the plan will reveal many of the details of the composition. Night odors gather around the seat, foliage effects are more studied near the house, etc. Rue, Rosemary, Thyme, etc., being evergreen, or nearly so, are particularly adapted for edging. To give relief and back- ground to the whole, generous masses of herbs but slightly fragrant, but of excellent habit of growth and long period of bloom, are added to the central part of the border. Many more plants could be included, but I am sure that we have already too many strong odors. I might have Four-o’clocks among the Peonies, but I cannot approve of a mixture of annuals and perennials, for the requirements of culture are too different for the good of either when together. If you prefer Alyssum, Stocks, Sweet Sultans, etc., try the alternative list, which re- fers to the same key numbers on the plan, annuals superseding the peren- nials of the first list. Results will be different, but equally pleasing. Though the store of fragrant plants of easy culture is but partially drawn upon in making these lists, if we wish for any reason to add other herbs to this scheme it will be well to choose those that are practically lacking in fragrance. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 19 BORDER OF FRAGRANT FLOWERS Shrubs © Io. II. 12. Gob ONE es White Lilac Hungarian Lilac : Early Fragrant Lilac . Hybrid Mock Orange Sweet Pepper Bush Flowering Currant Strawberry Bush Early Fragrant oy suckle ; Standish’s Fragrant Honeysuckle . Pink Tartarian Honeysuckle . Southernwood Japanese Honeysuckle. Herbs—Perennial HO mm OO wm > ZS oR Sweet Violet Scotch Pink Lily-of-the-Valley . Gas Plant Pink Peony Pink Peony Garden Heliotrope. . Evening Primrose Yellow Chrysanthemum Sweet Rocket Orris-root . . Garden Hy acinth : White Phlox Crown Imperial White Day Lily . Lemon Lily Syringa vulgaris, var. alba, May Syringa Jostkea, June Syringa oblata, May Philadelphus speciosissimus, June Clethra alnifolia, July Ribes odoratum, May Calycanthus floridus, June Lonicera fragrantissima, April Lonicera Standishit, April Lonicera tatarica, var. rosea, May Artemisia Abrotanum Lonicera japonica, June Viola odorata Dianthus plumarius Convallaria majalis Dictamnus albus Paonia albiflora, var. Humei rosea Peonta albiflora, var. grandiflora Faleriana officinalis Cnothera biennis Chrysanthemum indicum, var. hortorum Hesperis matronalis Iris florentina Hyacinthus orientalis Phlox paniculata, var. alba Fritillaria imperialts Hosta plantaginea Hemerocallis flava IIt -_ Lal NS mo BOTD DROWO BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS COMMON NAME Mother-of-Thyme . Lavender Cotton Rue . Hyssop . Rosemary Blue Day Lily... Lance-leaved Day Lily Shasta Daisy Blanket Flower Horned Violet : Carpathian Harebell Herbs—Annual mo BROT nROVOAZSS ASH TOMS COP Pansy . French Marigold Wallflower .. j Red-flowered Tobacco Plant Four-o’clock Four-o’clock . Stocks : . White. ‘Tobaces ‘Plant Sweet Sultans Verbena . Evening Stock Pink Petunia. African Marigold . Heliotrope Sweet Alyssum . Annual Pinks Mignonette . Pot Marigold . Candytuft Dwarf Zinnia California Poppy Snapdragon . Annual Blanket Flower Love-in-a-Mist . Blue Love-in-a-Mist BOTANICAL NAME Thymus Serpyllum Santolina Chamecyparissus Ruta graveolens Hyssopus officinalis Rosmarinus officinalis Hosta cerulea Hosta lancifolia Chrysanthemum maximum “Shasta Daisy” Gaillardia aristata Viola cornuta Campanula carpatica Viola tricolor Tageies patula Chieranthus Chieri Nicotiana Sandere Mirabilis Jalapa, Red Mirabilis Jalapa, White Matthiola incana Nicotiana affinis Centaurea moschata Verbena hybrida Matthiola bicornis Petunia hybrida “ Rosy Morn” Tagetes erecta Heliotropium peruvianum Alyssum maritimum Dianthus chinensis Reseda odorata Calendula officinalis Iberis amara Zinnia elegans Eschscholtzia californica Antirrhinum majus Gaillardia picta Nigella damascena Nigella damascena “Miss Jekyll” ‘SUDIUSIIAT yo YyoaIsGPUIY LA ea a ” ied] PEL M, qrsyeo zi Tee) or tas gat haa Ae Wi aU ie 7 ee %., asnoy yo ay LT ef ‘6 ON NV Td TLE EEL) ‘YANDISIO FAVISONYT ‘SoSvw 'NOLSOG TTA) d dee Lae Pa) or or CO Poet EH oly MAN IN fered 2 One Leh (ol Aid SPECIAL COLOR BORDERS (SEE PLAN NO. 20) us if all herbs in the bed were to be of one color, say white, red, yellow, or blue. Give these a background of refined flowering shrubs of a contrasting color, red for the white border, yellow for the blue, white for the red or blue, and blue and purple for the yellow border. Behind the whole planting put a background of evergreen trees, such as Hemlocks or White Pines, and the color picture is complete. Though big masses of clear color are the main consideration and the finer garden effects are not sought, yet height, season of bloom, habit of growth, and leaf texture are also studied. Eight months of bloom are to be provided for, and only permanent, hardy, and not too weedy herbs and shrubs are suggested. No annuals are used, for there will be only occasional weeding and resetting in this planting, as the plants are chosen because they are as near to being self-supporting, as well as refined and sturdy, as garden plants can be. Each species is to be planted in large, uninterrupted masses to get its full color value during its season. Ere this has passed away a nearby species takes up the task, and at no time will there be a lack of display from mid-March to October. This is the main scheme, but endless are the variations, even with the same list of plants, and the list of sorts is easily modified. Then when actually planted, minor groups and individuals of other colors should be added to lend interest and variety and contrast—not affecting the main masses of color as seen from a distance, but giving a proper foil to the stronger colors when viewed close at hand. The reds will need a few white flowers in addition to the white-flowered background, and even a few red-flowered shrubs will help the red flowers to shine full value. The white bed will be better for touches of pink and pale blue; the yellow will be strengthened by pale blue and white with orange to give areas of greater intensity, while a blue planting would be lightened by pink, yel- low, or white. The accompanying plan is one of many arrangements possible with the same list of plants. Instead of an entire bed with an adjacent back- ground of evergreen trees, | have supposed the planting on the west side of the house and broken it by paths from the lawn to the piazza. Fur- ther planting is not indicated, but it will consist of the same species used 115 \ UNUSUAL treatment of a border of perennials would be offered 116 BOOK OF GARDEN PLANS in this special garden in addition to other species used elsewhere on the grounds, in order to tie this planting to the main shrub and herb planting of the lawn and drive. Wherever this special garden is planted, it must fit into the whole lawn treatment as well as the site on which it is placed. This particular plan requires about 500 shrubs, the larger ones planted about five feet apart, the low border herbs set from three feet apart to less than a foot, and a thousand or so perennials from three feet apart to less than a foot, with as many hundred bulbs as you are willing to put in—the space will accommodate thousands of Crocus or Squill and a few hundred bulbs of other color than the main feature. There is no definite size set for the planting, you may make it as much larger or smaller as you wish, and even plant it in sections as your enthusiasm grows. No added cost will result from the emphasis on special color, and many of these plants you may grow from seed or division yourself. Knowing your own garden resources, you can build the planting as you get the material ready. The numbers and letters upon the plan refer to the lists of plants. The plants in each list are as nearly alike as can readily be made. The same plan serves them all, as there is little difference in effect of foliage, height, or season of bloom, and were the plants of the four lists placed in trial plots the main difference from a distance would be that of color. Having chosen the color that you prefer, then disregard the other lists entirely. Don’t try to follow the plan too literally—use it merely as a suggestion—and you will then learn the value of mass color in pictures out of doors. PLANTING LIST FOR PLAN No. 20 RED BORDER Shrubs COMMON NAME 1. White Lilac . wv SP DI AREY . White Hybrid Lilac. Bechtel’s Flowering Crab . Beach Plum... : Double White Rose of hare . Hall’s Starry Magnolia White Tartarian Honeysuckle White Weigela . White Weigela . Flowering Dogwood White Hybrid Ramanas Rose. White June Rose ie. ts . Many-flowered Rose Slender Deutzia . . White Flowering Almond . White Japanese Meadowsweet . Thunberg’s Snow Garland . White Hardhack. .. . Red-twigged Ash-leaved Spirea . White Shining Rose ; . White Baby Rambler Perennials Qn UO OWS Red Hollyhock Oriental Poppy Bronze Chrysanthemum . Persian Daisy Red Peony Red Peony . London Pride 117 BOTANICAL NAME Syringa vulgaris, var. alba Syringa vulgaris “Frau Bertha Damman” Malus ioensis, var. fi. pl. Prunus maritima Hibiscus syriacus, var. totus albus Magnolia stellata Lonicera tatarica, var. alba Diervilla hybrida, var. candida Diervilla florida, var. alba Cornus florida Rosa rugosa “Sir Thomas Lipton” Rose “Mad. Plantier” Rosa multiflora Deutzia gracilis Prunus sinensis, var. alba fi. pl. Spirea albiflora Spirea Thunbergit Spirea tomentosa, var. alba Sorbaria Aitchinsonii Rosa virginiana, var. alba Rosa multiflora “Catherine Zeimet”’ Althea rosea—Red Papaver orientale Chrysanthemum indicum, var. hor- torum Chrysanthemum atrosanguineum Paonia albiflora “‘General Grant” Peonia albiflora “Louis van Houtte’ Lychnis chalcedonica coccineum, var. 118 eo 2