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THE
JOHN : CRAIG
LIBRARY
COLLEGE
OF
AGRICULTURE
NEW YORK STATE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,
DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY,
ITHACA, fi. Y.
HOOPER’S
WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
The following opinions are from gentlemen well known
as eminent Horticulturists, who examined the work in
manuscript :
Sprina GARDEN, CINCINNATI,
November 12th, 1856.
E. J. Hoorrr, Esq.,
My Dear Sir—iI have given your manuscript Catalogue of
Fruits a hasty examination, and regret that my time does not admit of a
more deliberate and critical one. The arrangemert is admirable, and
can not fail to be immensely valuable to cultivators, as well as to those
who are making selections of Fruit Trees for planting. The great confu-
sion which exists in the nomenclature is exceedingly embarrassing.
This your arrangement removes, and makes the subject easily under-
stood, Your descriptions, though brief, are pointed, and really all that
is needed,.to guide the uninformed in making judicious selections. The
number of varieties that have been brought to notice within the last few
years, is so great, and the want of time to test them in our soil and cli-
mate so short, that such a work as yours will require great care and
labor ; and even then will of necessity require several editions, correc-
tions, aud additions, to approach anything like perfection.
With my best wishes for your success in the noble undertaking, I
remain, very respectfully, yours,
A. H. ERNST.
Crycinnati, October 17, 1856.
E. J. Hooper, Esq.,
Dear Sir —I have scented 4 your Catalogue of Fruits care-
fully ; and, so far as I am able to judge, I believe the nomenclature to be
accurate, and most of the synonyms correctly given. I allude to the
Fruits generally known and tested—for new seedling varieties, espe-
cially of Apples, multiply on us so fast, that it is hard to classify them,
and give them a proper place in our catalogues.
I agree with Dr, Warder, Mr. Ernst, and Professor Cary, in their notes
on your Fruits, and think them accurate and just. The points of differ-
ence, if any, are so few that I will not designate them.
That your Catalogue will be valuable to Fruit Growers and Horticul-
turists, there can be no doubt; and I am much pleased to find, that you
are about to supply, in a compact form, so brief and ready a mode of ref-
erence to the Fruits cultivated in the West. It is much wanted.
Very respectfully,
R. BUCHANAN.
y
e
E, J. Hooper,
Dear Sir —1 have carefully looked over your manuscript of
Laronia Sprines, January 22, 1857.
Apples, in your contemplated work on Pomology, and, with a few altera-
tions which I have taken the liberty, by your permission, to suggest, believe
that your book will be of great utility to those engaged in the pursuit
of Pomology. I like the plan of your work, and think that it will be
well adapted to this vicinity, and to Western localities, generally.
The descriptions of Apples are generally concise, and well drawn, and
give the characters of the fruit very clearly —of all the most valuable
kinds, especially, Many new varieties are described of which I have
little knowledge, and therefore can not judge of their accuracy.
I think a work like yours, descriptive of the Fruits of this section of
country, with the soils best adapted to their growth, very much needed.
Yours, respectfully,
S. MOSHER.
(- TOM, sayy Loy Sojow
qyenfea Krew coy oyy popaowe ‘sysGoyoured paysmAFuysyy ao pire!
ALAS NHOCHAHSON @C'NVNV HOOT 4 OY “ES NAY EVAN EJ
THE FATHER OF AMERICAN GRAPE CULTURE,
ator. of that mostump ortant fact- the sexual char
andthe chief dissemin
acter of the strawberry.
Middleton, Strobredye Colne’ Gin 0.
HOOPER’S ©
WESTERN FRUIT BOOK:
COLLBORION OF: FACS, ;
NOTES AND EXPERIENCE
SUCCESSFUL FRUIT CULTURISTS,
ARRANGED FOR PRACTICAL USE
IN
THE ORCHARD AND GARDEN.
“Under these general laws, each variety of fruit requires a particular treatment,
and should be nurtured with a wise reference to its peculiarities and habits."
Hon, MarsHatt P. Wiuper, Pres’t Mass, Hort. Society.
BY E. J. HOOPER,
MEMBER QF THE CINCINNATI HORTIOULTURAL SOCIETY, AND FORMERLY
EDITOR OF THE “‘ WESTERN FARMER AND GARDENER.”
THIRD EDITION, COMPLETELY REVISED.
CINCINNATI:
MOORE, WILSTACH, KEYS & CO,,
26 WEST FOURTH STREET.
1858.
EY.
Entered ac€ording to Act of Congress, in the year 1857,
BY MOORE, WILSTACH, KEYS & CO.,
1n the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern
District of Ohio.
Btereotyped and Printed by
MOORE, WILSTACH, KEYS & OQ,
OINQINNATI, O.
TO
DR. JOHN A. WARDER,
PRESIDENT OF THE CINCINNATI HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
This Volume ig Bedicuted
BY HIS FRIEND,
THE AUTHOR.
INDEX TO FRUITS.
APPLES, - < = “ - 3 - Ud
PEARS, . < = “ “ 3 118
PEACHES, - = a S - 2 - 212
NEcTARINES, - - es - 2 239
APRICOTS, S - - a s 240
Pius, 7 ‘i é “ 2 242
CHERRIES, - a - = é - 256
QUINCEs, 7 - - < = 272
GRAPES, - si = x e - 274.
STRAWBERRIES, - - - : - 283
RASPBERRIES, - - - = = - 297
BLACKBERRIES, - - < - : 303
CuRRANTS, - - “ < - 303
GoosEBERRIES, - - < s 306
Appropriate Location, Soil, and Treatment
of Fruit Trees, - - 308
Selection of Trees from the Nursery, - 326
NOTE EXPLANATORY.
The reader will observe that we have classified the
fruits in this work as follows:
Tho best in quality, BBLOn, ete., or No. 1, in CAPITALS.
Second best <“ 7 “ 2, in SMALL CAPS.
Third “ “ a “ «“ 3, in dalics.
(vi)
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION.
In presenting to the public a third edition of his “ Fruit
Book,” the author desires to offer a few remarks, in expla-
nation of the errors that occurred in the first. That the
demand for this work should have required a third edi-
tion within one year, is, perhaps, not so much owing to
its intrinsic merits, as to the increasing taste in the people
of the Western Country, for the cultivation of fruits, and
the study of pomology. It is very gratifying to find,
however, that the book has met with so large a sale, even
with all its imperfections.
The original intention was to publish, simply, a descrip-
tive Catalogue of Fruits, after the manner of the Catalogue
of the London Horticultural Society, in a cheap and con-
densed form; and with this view, portions of the manu-
script were submitted to the inspection of some of his
Horticultural friends, to elicit their opinion of the value
of such a publication to the interests of Western pomology.
This explanation is due to the reputation of those
gentlemen, as pomologists, who so kindly recommended
the Catalogue to the public, as they might have hesitated
to indorse it in the more extended form, and ambitious
title, which it afterward assumed, without a thorough and
critical examination of the whole manuscript, as it was
furnished to the publishers. It was at their suggestion
that the work finally appeared as a “ Fruit Book,” instead
of a “ Catalogue,” as being more likely to meet the public
wants.
[vii]
viii PREFACE.
To furnish materials for such a volume, the author had
to refer to his notes, taken during many years, while
serving as a member of the Fruit Committce of the Cin-
cinnati Horticultural Society; and to such other memo-
randa, from his own observation, and that of others, as he
had collected during the last twenty-seven years, on this
his favorite study.
As the work was passing rapidly through the press, and
the season for planting just at hand, he had no time to
make such revisions and corrections as were found requi-
site, upon a careful examination after its publication ;
hence the occurrence of those errors and repetitions that
were afterward noticed by the critics, and hyper-critics—
by the latter gentry with some asperity.
Repetitions may be pardoned, but errors should be
corrected; and in the present edition, the author has
taken advantage of all such criticisms; and corrections
have been made, so far as was practicable in stercotyped
text, aided by an Appendix.
The frontispiece was engraved from a photograph pic-
ture, taken at an Autumnal Exhibition of the Cincinnati
Horticultural Society, of a few of its pomological members
who happened at that time to be present. The author
regrets that some of those represented should, from mo-
tives of diffidence, object to appear in it; their labors in
the good cause, however, have, in a measure, made them
public property.
From the large sale of this work, throughout the West,
the author is gratified in the belief, that it has done some
good to the cause of Fruit Culture, and at least prepared
the way as a useful and safe pioneer, according to its
scope, as far as it goes, for larger, more elaborate, and
more perfect productions, from abler pens.
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.
Ir is the first step in science to know what is known. What is new,
and dependent on experience and original observation, will then come
easier and more certainly. It is an economy of time and labor, in any
investigator, to ascertain well what has been done before him, in any
field of experiment. Much time is often irrecoverably wasted in blun-
dering over proposed experiments, and supposed novelties, that have
long before been thoroughly examined, and definitely settled. In no
branch of practical science are these maxims more true than in regard
to the cultivation of fruit; and this because there are so many claims
upon the cultivator’s attention; so many drafts upon his credulous inex-
perience; so many contradictory statements resulting from superficial
investigations; so many delusory appearances; so much pretension and
self-serving ; so much that rests upon inadequate and interested evidence.
There is, in a word, so much to confuse, mislead, and deceive, that he
who shall present to the fruit-grower, a key to these conflicting claims
and representations, giving, in words of truth and soberness, a just and
concise statement of what may be relied on as fact, in regard to the
value and names of such fruits as are really and honestly known to be
worthy of acceptation and confidence,—that man will have done a good
work, and should be welcomed of all men as a benefactor, in a field
where ignorance is attended with innumerable mischievous consequen-
ces, and where doubt is about as fatal as ignorance.
There have been several praiseworthy laborers in this inviting field,
and all with more or less fault and excellence, more or less accuracy and
error—the result, perhaps, of too much haste in compilation, and too
great confidence in mistaken and interested testimony. None have
seemed exactly to fill the purpose desired; and the want of a new and
more competent work, in the shape of a concise and reliable hand-book,
was very generally experienced, and widely and repeatedly expressed.
A work was needed, less voluminous, and less diffusive, based upon the
authentic experience of actual cultivators; upon well-purged lists of
[ix.]
x PREFACE.
fully proved and living trees, whose fruit had been properly tested and
characterized, and of whose identification there was, finally, no question.
A book unincumbered with useless descriptions of worthless varieties,
and unneeded directions for planting and cultivation, aud free from all
guess-work, and all unverified statements, and confusing and half-
recognized synonyms. A descriptive and contise list, in fact, of such
actual fruits as are well established, and clearly identified, with their
most generally accepted names, and their most marked and unmistaka-
ble characteristics.
And this was the plan designed and undertaken by the practical and
practiced author of the present work. Himself a fruit-grower of diver-
sified experience, and having been in correspondence for years with some’
of the most prominent and successful cultivators in the United States,
especially with those whose experience has chiefly related to the peculi-
arities and requisitions of the Middle and North-Western States, and
feeling, in his own practice, the want of such a ready guide, as the one
contemplated in his plan, he came to the work, prepared with his own
accumulated observations, the advice and suggestions of other competent
growers, and the advantage of the several larger, but differently
designed, works that had preceded his own. The errors of these last he
was to correct, and their faults he was to avoid. The task was by no
means an easy one, and would not have been undertaken, but for the
steady encouragement of many warm friends of pomological science, and
the aid of many efficient cultivators; in whose knowledge and candor he
had steady reason to confide, and for whose kindness he desires, here, to
acknowledge his repeated indebtedness.
That the work is faultless, is not claimed. That it will be found con-
venient, thorough and accurate, and just adapted to daily field use, by
the Western grower of both large and small fruits, whether professional
or amateur, is fully believed by the accomplished author's friend and
associate,
J. W. W.
Cincinnati, February 15, 1857.
Middleton, Wallace & 09 Bm. 0.
RODMAN’S RED CLING.
Natural Size.
HOOPER’S
WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
APPPLES.
ALEXANDER, synonymous with, and called by some, Hm-
peror Alexander, Russian Emperor, and Aporia; color,
streaked with bright red on greenish yellow; form, some-
times slightly conical; base, somewhat flattened ; size, 1;
use, chiefly kitchen ; quality, 2; season, August to Novem-
ber.
Remarxs.—Very large and handsome. A moderate
bearer. Rather coarse, but very beautiful in color, shape-
and has a fine bloom. Succeeds well in the Western
States. A good grower. “Large and beautiful.”— Trans-
actions Ohio: Pomological Society. (See Appendix, 1.)
ALFRIsTON, Newtown Pippin of some in England; color,
greenish yellow; form, roundish; size, 1; use, kitchen;
quality, nearly 3; season, September to December.
Remarxs.—Foreign. No similarity to Newtown Pippin
of America, as thought by some in England.
AMERICAN GOLDEN RUSSET, or called by some
Bullock's Pippin, Sheepnose, Golden Russet, and Inttle Pear-
main, sometimes, erroneously, Fall Winesap; color, gen-
erally, rich golden yellow, overspread with soft russet,
(11)
12 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
and in the sun a little red; form, roundish ovate, taper-
ing toward the eye; size, 3; use, table; quality, 1; sea-
son, November to February.
RemMarKs.—This delicious apple succeeds well in the
locality of Cincinnati, also in Indiana, in rich soils.
“First-rate and handsome.’—TZrans. Ohio Pom. Society.
(See Appendix, 2.)
AMERICAN Mamoru. Synonymes, Ox Apple, New York
Gloria Mundi, Baltimore Pippin, and Gloria Mundi, which
last title see also.
AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN, or Watkin’s Early
and American Pearmain. Color, greenish yellow, with a
little red; form, pearmain, or roundish oblong; size, 2;
use, table; quality, 1; season, August and September.
Remarks.—This deserves to be called Summer King,
compared with the Summer Queen. An abundant bearer.
Different from the English Pearmain. It is good in nearly
all parts of the country. “Highly approved.”—Trans.
Ohio. Pom. Society. (See Appendix, 3.)
American Pippin, or Grindstone. Color, greenish red,
with red streaks; form, round and flattish; size, 2; use,
kitchen and table; quality, 3; season, January to July.
Remarxs.—There are many of this name, which is
rather vague, though expressive. It is a good bearer,
and a very great keeper, but almost totally unworthy ;
uneatable at any time.
APPLE BUTTER, or Sweet Bellflower of some, and Mo-
lasses of others. Color, yellow; form, roundish, conical;
size, 1; use, table and kitchen; quality, 1.
Remanxs.—There are two apples cultivated in Southern
Ohio under this name. Mr. A. H. Ernst values them
highly. Dr. Warder, one of our best pomologists, con-
APPLES. 13
siders them tender and very good. Exhibited by F. G.
Cary, August, 1855. Mr. Heiks, of Dayton, also ranks
one of them high. ;
Api. See Lady Apple.
ASHLAND. Color, dull greenish yellow; form, round-
ish; size, 2; use, table; quality, 2; season, October to
January, often longer. (See Appendix, 4.)
Remarxs.—A sound, good keeper. Considered of a good
flavor by most. Exhibited before the Cincinnati Horti-
cultural Society by R. Buchanan. “A sound, sweet-tasted
apple, of medium size.”—Fruit Committee.
ASHMORE, sometimes erroneously called Fall Wine.
Color, bright, clear red; form, regular roundish, flat-
tened; size, 2 to 1; use, table; quality, 2; season, Sep-
tember and October.
Remarxks.— White, crisp, tender, juicy, ' sub-acid,
sprightly. Not of high character, but tender. Exhibited
before Cincinnati Horticultural Society, by A. H. Ernst,
August 21, 1855. Good also for cooking.
ASTRACHAN RED. Color, crimson red ; form, round-
ish; size, 2; use, table or dessert; quality, 2; season,
July and August.
Remarxs.—A very handsome, rather acid dessert fruit,
with a bloom on it similar to the plum. It cooks well, and
is productive. A good fruit for market. Exhibited by
R. Buchanan before the Horticultural Society, July,
1855. Fruit Committee decided it, ‘ Beautiful and very
good.”
AutTuMN PEARMAIN, or English Summer Pearmain, Royal
Pearmain, Sigler's Red, etc. Color, brownish yellow, green
14 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK,
and red; form, oblong; size, 2; use, table; quality, 2;
season, August and September.
» Remarxs.—This is our Autumn Seek-no-further. The
tree is a slow grower. Branches slender. Flesh crisp,
__ firm, and a little dry. (See Appendix, 5.)
AUTUMNAL SWAAR. Color, pale green, sometimes
a slight red in sun; form, roundish; size, 2; use, table;
quality, 1; season, October.
RemarKs.—This is regarded by Dr. Mosher, of La-
tonia Springs, one of our best eating apples. The grain
is very fine; juicy, tender, sprightly, and sub-acid in flesh.
If two-thirds of this apple rots, the remainder retains the
fine juice and flavor.
Battery Spice. Color, yellow; form, roundish ; size, 2;
use, table; quality, 2; season, August and September.
Remarxks.—Fruit always fair at Rochester, New York;
moderate growth ; flesh, sprightly, spicy.
Battty Sweet, or Patterson Sweet, Edgerly Sweet, ete.
Color, clear yellowish red, with russet patches; form,
round ovate, flattened ; size 1; use, table ; quality, 2.
ReEMARKS.—Grown in Northern Illinois, where, as with
us, it is beautiful, delicate, sweet, juicy, and rich.
BALDWIN. Color, red and orange, brilliant; form,
roundish oblate ; size, 1 to 2; use, table; quality, 1 (where
it succeeds) ; season, October to February. (See App. 6.)
Remarxs.—Of the Msopus Spitzenburg family. It is
the great Boston Apple. It is rather subject to rot in
Ohio and Kentucky. “Good at the North; subject to
bitter rot at the South.”—TZrans. Ohio Pom. Soc. In this
locality (Cincinnati), not generally successful as a keeper,
though sometimes seen very fine in January; generally
APPLES. 15
an early winter apple, subject to worms and rot, and
never to be compared to Msopus Spitzenburg for flavor.
The tree bears early and well; a vigorous grower; toler-
ably upright; spreads when older.
Bartlett, synonymous with Priestley, or Bullet. Color,
_ bright red on yellow; form, oblong; size, 2; use, table;
quality, 3; season, January to June.
Remarks. Long keeper.”—-Trans. Ohio Pom. Society.
Rather an inferior fruit.
Beauty of the West, Red Bellflower of some, and Ohio Non-
pareil, Wells, etc. Color, green and yellow; form, round-
ish, flat at base; size, 1 to 2; use, kitchen; quality, 2 to
3; season, September and October.
Remarxs.—lIt is sweet, and keeps some time. It is
handsome but rather poor. It is not known as Red Bell-
flower at Cincinnati, or in the south of Ohio. A remark-
ably fine grower. (See Appendix, 7.)
Beauty or Kent. Color, striped with purple, red,
greenish yellow; form, roundish; size, 1; quality, 3;
season, August and September.
Remarks.—Rivals the Alexander in size, but not so
good in flavor. The tree is vigorous and productive.
Exhibited at Cincinnati Horticultural Society, by A. H.
Ernst, August 21, 1855. (See Appendix, 8.)
BELLFLOWER, WHITH, or Detroit, Ohio Favorite,
Ortley of Lindley, etc. Color, pale yellowish white; form,
oblong oval, or roundish conical; size, 1 to 2; use, table;
quality, nearly 1; season, December to April. (See Ap-
pendix, 9.)
Remarxs.—Large on rich soils; core, open. »‘¢ Excel-:
lent on most strong soils.” —Zrans. Ohio Pom. Soe. It is
often affected in South Ohio with the bitter rot, but where
16 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
this is not the case it is one of the good apples of South
Ohio and Indiana. There is now a superbly fine seedling
of this variety, raised by Mr. Davis, in Southern Indiana.
This seedling has the advantage of not being hollow in
the core, like the parent fruit, the White Bellflower. It
is named Davis’ White Bellflower.
BELLFLOWER, YELLOW. Color, pale yellow, some-
times with a blush next the sun; form, oblong; size, 1;
use, table; quality, 1; season, November to February.
Remanxs.—A_ beautiful, peculiarly good flavored, and
well-known apple in the markets of Cincinnati and the
West. The wood is slender, and like the Newark, or
French Pippin, bears its fruit on the ends of the limbs.
It is desirable to graft it above ground. The blossoms
are very beautiful. It is a superior variety, but not a
great bearer. It blooms early, and before the leaves
expand, that is, on long stems, and is therefore liable to be
frosted. It bears well; the fruit drops a little, but is good
for cooking at all times. It becomes of less value as it is
grown toward the north of us. (See Appendix, 10.)
Betmont, or Gate. Color, rich, light yellow, with a
glossy surface, and a bronzy blush toward the sun; form,
roundish oblong, but irregular; size, 2; use, dessert;
quality (Cincinnati), 1 to 2; season, October to February.
(See Appendix, 11.)
RemarKs.—This is a great and favorite apple in North-
ern Ohio, but succeeds indifferently in South-Western
Ohio. It is not yet fully tested in this locality. Dr.
Warder considers it a first-rate apple, if it can be so called
without the highest flavor. “Generally approved, espe-
cially in Northern Ohio.”—Trans. Ohio Pom. Soc. The
Gate is very fine at Marietta, Ohio. It is showy, and
looks quite rich on the stalls, Rots on the tree here.
“APPLES. 17
BENONI. Color, striped red; form, round; size, 2;
use, table; quality, 1; season, July and August. (See
Appendix, 12.) “
Remarxs.—Excellent; one of the best early fruits;
flesh, yellow; a good bearer; sub-acid, and pleasant.
Often exhibited before the Cincinnati Horticultural Soci-
ety; considered by the Fruit Committee of the Society,
“ prolific, pleasantly acid, and very agreeable.” ccsen B ayssue O
22. Harvest (Yellow H., Early H.) ...10...... OD seesne 0
23. Jersey Sweet .....cccssooccesneeeeerees 0 nsvaee A sins 0
24, J ONACIAM pcegony au vik ieeaps euseaplde eaadine O vissans Oo sseane 10
25. Keswick Codlin ......ceceeeeeeeeee Louis sie Orewa 0
26. Large Sweet Bough .............00..12 .0... O eaten 0
27. Lady Apple (Pomme d’Api) ...... Ol gai ca O iseess 10
28. Dimiber LW gt cacsicsccneeseceesinn sencws Ob asics O veeeee 11
29. Maiden’s Blush ..........ccceeee wee ee Orsccegs DS xisnine 32
30. Michael Henry Pippin............... 0 seuss 0 sacra 10
Ble Milam. esse vesvgaaiemmnworetassseceues 0 sevice 0 cxvess 14
32. Newtown Spitzenburg ........... sone Ol vinws os 0 secs 15
33. Ortley (White Bellflower) ......... O: seis ee O ssesrae 16
34. Pennsyivania Red Streak ........ ¢ Osa site's 0
35. Phillips’ Sweeting ........ cceeeeeeee Oh seecas O ccmde 12
36. Pryor’s Red......... fragaiee nes tbemwasatien O seas Occiicca 18
BT RAM DG gsxsticne coins and ecdeedialnseosiion Orseaias esa 0
38. Raules’ Janet .......ccceceesecec scence ee Oh wags O acevs 19
39. Red Astrachan .........ccccee ceeeeeee Baga 0 eevee 0
40. Rhode Island Greening ............ 0 sssaas Ovenesee 20
41. Rome Beauty iscsscsiesscccseaceveceoes O: sonvas 0 scene 21
42. Roxbury Russet.......:scsssceeserneees 0 aera O sews 22
43. Summer Queen .......sceepeeeseeeeeeee LAD saaesis O eens 0
44, Summer Rose ........cceceeceeseneeren es LD os estene Osis 0
45. Smokehouse ........ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Onaiiat Beweraaty 0
46. Smith’s Cider .......cccceceeseeeeeeeeees Oh: cesee Desa iinws 0
AT, Vandevere .....ccccceeseenersseceeeeeene 0 scene Oeics 23
48. White June (Juneating, etc.) ...... 16 ...... Ol caiteas 0
49. Williams’ Favorite.......cccecseeeeees LF iaceea O wcsuas 0
BO. Willow Twig. ......ssscsscesenecseeeeees 0 vesese O ceseone 24
51. Wine Apple......cccceccscssenseneerenes O saan O seen 25
52. Yellow Newtown Pippin ............ 0. sevens 0) sxeans 26
108 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
The list, as thus extended, embraces fifty-two varieties
of apples, which competent authorities recommend for
general cultivation in the Ohio valley. Of these, seven-
teen are Summer apples, and twenty-six Winter apples.
1. “Decidedly the best apple of its season.”—Trans.
Ky. Hort. Society. “ Highly approved.”—Trans. Ohio Pom.
Society. ‘“ Requires a deep, warm soil, well supplied with
lime and potash, when it succeeds admirably in all sec-
tions.— Elliott. ‘Bears early and abundantly; one of the
best in all parts of the country.”’—Barry.
2. “First rate.’—Trans. Ohio Pom. Society. “ Flesh
remarkably tender; juicy, almost buttery, delicate,
sprightly.” — Elliott.
3. “Generally approved; rather acid.”—TZrans. Ohio
Pom. Society. “Tender, juicy, sprightly, sub-acid.”—El-
liott. “Crisp, juicy, pretty acid, and rich. Very pro-
ductive, succeeds well throughout all portions of the
country.”’—Barry.
4. “Generally approved, especially in Northern Ohio,
but in Southern part of the State somewhat given to rot-
ting upon the tree.’—TZrans. Ohio Pom. Society. ‘“ Flesh
very tender, juicy, sprightly, sub-acid. On all high,
warm, or limestone soils, does finely.”’—EHiliott. “ Suc-
ceeds well in New York and Northern Ohio, but is vari-
able at Cincinnati and further South. Flesh, sub-acid,
juicy, fine.”—Barry. —
5. “ Of little value.”—Trans. Ohio Pom. Society. ‘*Flesh,
fine, tough, sub-acid.”—A#iliott. “A New Jersey apple,
where it is esteemed as one of the best of its season, sub-
acid and good.” —Barry.
6. “Handsome, early, and good.”—Trans. Ohio Pom.
Society. “Flesh, yellow, tender, crisp, juicy, vinous,
very good.”"—Eiliott. ‘Tender, juicy, and rich; a good
bearer.” —Barry.
7. “Recommended by Young and Byram. A very
APPLES, 109
superior apple, well known, and deservedly popular.” —
Trans. Ky. Hort. Society. .
8. “Fine Southern apple.”—Zans. Ohio Pom. Society.
“Flesh, yellowish white, tender, slightly aromatic, sub-
acid.”—EHiliott, ‘Very delicious, high flavored, very ten-
der, sprightly, and fine.” —Barry.
9. “Sweet, approved where known.” —Trans. Ohio Pom.
Society. ‘Flesh white, fine-grained, sweet, juicy.” —Zl-
lott. “Tender, sweet, and excellent.”—Barry. .
10. “Highly recommended by many.”—Trans. Ohio
Pom, Society. ‘Flesh, yellowish, not fine-grained, crisp,
juicy, very good.”—EZiliot. “Tender, juicy, and agree-
able.” —Barry.
11. “Good keeping qualities, flesh yellowish, firm,
juicy.”—Elliott. “Sub-acid and agreeable. Largely cul-
tivated in some parts of the South, where it is esteemed
for its productiveness and good keeping qualities.’ — Barry.
[The Ohio Pomological Society makes Gilpin and Roman-
ite synonymes. Elliott’s synonymes are Carthouse and
Romanite of the West. Barry’s, Gilpin, and Red Ro-
manite.] The Ohio Pomological Society calls the Gilpin*
“small, good keeper, second-rate.”
12, “A pleasant Winter apple.’—-Bateham. “Flesh,
white, tender, juicy, very good.”—#lliott. ‘‘ Sub-acid,
juicy, and high-flavored. Resembles Rambo, and, like it,
succeeds well, West and South.”’—Barry.
13. “Proved valuable wherever grown; very fine in
Southern Ohio. Flesh, whitish, firm at first, becoming
tender when well matured, sub-acid, aromatic.” —Hlliott.
“ Beautiful and excellent apple; fine flavor, good bearer.”
—Barry.
14, “Fine and early.”—Trans. Ohio Pom. Society. « Pro-
ductive and successful in all localities. Flesh, yellowish
white, tinged with red, sub-acid, sprightly, tender.”—
110 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
Elliott. “Tender, almost melting, with a mild flavor;
good bearer.”—Barry.
15. “Handsome, high-flavored, acid.’’— Trans. Ohio Pom.
Society. “Good quality; extensively cultivated in some
parts of Ohio, where it succeeds well.”—Barry.
16. “ Large, handsome, second-rate.”— Trans. Ohio Pom.
Society. “Tree, thrifty, hardy; early, prolific bearer.
Fruit, rather below second-rate quality. Flesh, yellow-
ish white, juicy, sub-acid.’’—£lliott. “ Large, handsome,
and showy.”—Barry.
17. Recommended by Young and Byram. Local, and
a fine Kentucky fruit. Believed by Col. Anderson, of
Meade county, to be identical with the “ Horse Apple.”
Called by some old citizens, the “ Runnels,” and “ Fort
Runnels Apple.’ Trees, vigorous, and great bearers.
Fruit, quite large, ripening the latter part of July; yel-
lowish green color; flesh, white, mild, somewhat sprightly,
very juicy, and palatable. Grows very large on the grav-
ely loam undulations of the Peewee Valley. Good for
either dessert or cooking. Much liked by stock. Lasts
till September. Preferred, by the writer, to the Early
Harvest, as more juicy and sprightly.
18. “Large, handsome, and good.”—Trans. Ohio Pom.
Society. ‘Universally succeeds well. Flesh, yellowish
white, tender, sub-acid, aromatic.”’—Elliott. “ Tender,
rich, and delicious; a fine bearer. Fruit, esteemed every-
where.” —Barry.
19. A great favorite in Bourbon county, Kentucky,
and highly approved by Mr. Bedford. Elliott says:
“Without being a fruit of high character, it is just so
good, that, taken with its production of regular, handsome
fruit, it can not be dispensed with. Flesh, remarkably
white, tender, juicy, with a slight perfume.” “Tender,
and delicious.’—Barry.
APPLES. 111
20. “ New, and productive. Flesh, yellowish white,
fine-grained, tender, mild, and sub-acid.”—EZilliott. “ Said
to be rich, and high-flavored; a good keeper.”—Barry.
-21. “A good fruit.”— Trans. Ky. Hort. Society. ‘ Hand-
some, and good.” —Trans. Ohio Pom. Society. ‘Indispens-
able to every collection; succeeds finely in all soils;
annually productive; fruit, always fair, fit for cooking in
August. Flesh, yellowish, crisp, tender, sub-acid, with a
peculiar aromatic taste.’"— Elliott. “Tree, very productive,
and fruit, of first quality.”—Barry.
22. “ Well known, and everywhere approved.’'— Zrans.
Ohio Pom. Society. “ Universally esteemed; requires a
soil well supplied with lime and potash. Flesh, white,
tender, juicy, crisp, sub-acid.”—Ziliott. ‘ Rich, sub-acid.
Tree, a good bearer.”—-Barry.
23. “ First-rate for table.”’—Trans. Ohio Pom. Society.
“ Succeeds in all localities. Abundant bearer in all soils.
Warm, sandy soils give more character to the flesh, and a
closer texture. Flesh, white, fine-grained, tender, juicy,
sweet.’—Liliott. “A good bearer; succeeds well in all
parts of the country ; much esteemed everywhere for des-
sert and cooking.”—Barry.
24, “One of the handsomest and best apples.”— Trans.
Ohio Pom. Society. ‘Very productive, but needs rich,
strong soil. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, juicy, slightly
acid until fully matured, then sub-acid, and sprightly.”—
Elliott. “Very productive. Flesh, tender, juicy, and rich,
with much of the Spitzenburg character.”—Barry.
25. “A popular Summer cooking apple.”—TZrans. Ohio
Pom. Society. ‘Very productive; valuable for cooking;
one of the best for Western soils. Flesh, greenish white,
tender, acid.”—#illioit. “ Bears abundantly quite young ;
acid; excellent for cooking from July to October.” —Barry.
26. “Karly, good, generally approved.”—Trans. Ohio
Pom. Society. ‘Tree,a moderate, annual bearer, succeeding
112 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
in all good soils not wet. Valued as a dessert fruit.
Flesh, white, tender, crisp, sprightly, sweet.’ —Zliott.
“ Abundant bearer, sweet, rich flavored.’—Barry.
For the descriptions of the remainder, we refer the
reader to the several names in their proper places in
this work.
FRUITS OF OHIO.
Statement of R. Bucuanan, A. Tf. Ernst, and J. A. War-
DER, of Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, as reported to the
American Pomological Society at their annual meeting held at
the City of Boston in September, 1854.
“The climate and soil of our State are so varied, and
the fruit in culture so numerous, that a report to embrace
catalogues to suit each locality would be too voluminous.
From Cleveland, on Lake Erie, in the Northeast, to Cin-
cinnati, on the Ohio, in the Southwest, a distance of two
hundred and fifty miles, there is a difference of near three
degrees in latitude, and a great diversity of soil, It is,
therefore, difficult to fix a uniform standard of excellence
in fruits for the whole State.
“Loam and clay, intermixed with lime and sand, are
tbe principal components of our soil, often underlaid by
a substratum of gravel, and the greater portion of our
State is well adapted to the culture of most of the fruits
grown in the Middle States.
“The present report will be confined to the Southwest-
ern and Central parts of our State. The Northeastern
section having been embraced in previous reports.
APPLES.
“The average bearing of apple trees, with us, is four
out of five years. Many varieties which are highly
esteemed further North do not suit the climate and warm
limestone soils of Southern Ohio. The ‘Rhode Island
APPLES. 113
Greening,’ for instance, ripens and casts its fruit so early
here as to become a Fall apple, and but few are gathered
from the trees for Winter. The ‘Alexander,’ with us, is
an early Fall apple, and the far-famed ‘Esopus Spitzen-
burg’ is here a shy bearer, and an unprofitable variety to
cultivate. Even the ‘Baldwin’ and the ‘Roxbury Russet’
mature too early, and do not keep so well as when culti-
vated further North and in cooler soils. The ‘Belmont,’
a favorite apple in Northern and Eastern Ohio, with us is
subject to crack open, and rot upon the tree in some sea-
sons.
“With ordinary care and culture, the apple thrives well
in all parts of our State, and, with the exception of the
grape, is the most certain bearer of any of our fruits.
The following list comprises the most favorite varieties
cultivated in this section.
“SuMMER VARIETIES.— Benoni, Bohanon, Drap d’Or,
‘Carolina Sweet, Karly Bough, Early Harvest, Gravenstein,
Maiden’s Blush, Red Astrachan, Strawberry, Summer
Rose, Summer Pearmain, Summer Queen.
“Patt Varizties.—Alexander, Cooper, Fall Pippin,
Golden Russet, Jersey Sweeting, Monmouth Pippin, Por-
ter, Rambo, Rhode Island Greening, Wine.
“WinTER VARIETIES.—Baldwin, Black Apple, Cannon
Pearmain, Danver’ss Winter Sweet, Belmont, Jonathan,
Lady Apple, London Sweet, Michael Henry Pippin, New-
town Spitzenburg, Roman Stem, Ortley, Pryor’s Red,
Rome Beauty, Swaar, White Winter Pearmain, Wine Sap,
Yellow Bellflower, Yellow Newtown Pippin, White Pip-
pin, Black Gilliflower, Fallawalder.
“The ‘Northern Spy’ and a few other celebrated varie-
ties give fair promise of doing well here.”
This apple needs a rich soil, high culture, and constant
growth, to produce fair fruit as the tree grows old.
114 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
Mr. A. H. Ernst, one of our most zealous and experi-
enced pomologists, recommends, for a limited selection, 14
kinds of apples for the vicinity of Cincinnati and Southern
Ohio, viz:
Early Red Margaret, Sweet Bough, Prince’s Karly Har-
vest, Summer Rose, Fall Pippin, Newtown Spitzenburg
(or Ox Eye), Yellow Bellflower, Woolman’s Long, White
Bellflower (or Detroit of the West), Golden Russet,
Broadwell Sweet, Winesap, Yellow Newtown Pippin.
Kirtland and Elliott recommend the following varieties :
Summer.—For the garden, Summer Rose, Early Har-
vest, Red Astrachan, American Summer Pearmain, Harly
Joe, Lowell. For market, White Juneating, Red Astra-
chan, Early Harvest, Williams, Red Quarrenden,. Lowell.
Fatu.—For the garden, Gravenstein, Fall Pippin, Fall
Strawberry, Pomme Royale, Porter, Jersey Sweeting, Fa-
meuse, Fall Harvey, Maiden’s Blush, Rambo, Fall Seek-
no-further, Fall Wine. For market, we prefer these to
showy inferior fruits.
Wintrer.—For the garden, Belmont, Swaar, Old Non-
such, Hubbardston Nonsuch, Jonathan, Peck’s Pleasant,
Rhode Island Greening, Putnam’s Russet (Roxbury Rus-
set, Ep.), Westfield Seek-no-further, Wine, Danver’s Win-
ter Sweeting, Wood’s Greening, Tewksbury Winter Blush,
Lady Apple, Fort Miami. For the market, substitute the
Baldwin for Danver’s Winter Sweet, and the Hollow
Crown Pearmain for Wood’s Greening.
Selection of apples for the vicinity of Cincinnati by a distin-
guished cultivator.
Red Juneating, Prince’s Harvest, Summer Rose, Fall
Pippin, Rambo, Newark Pippin, American Golden Russet,
Newtown Spitzenburg, White Bellflower (or Detroit),
Swaar, Pryor’s Red, Raule’s Janet, Newtown Pippin. Or
these: White June, Benoni, Strawberry, Golden Sweet,
APPLES. 115
Fall Pippin, Rambo, Westfield Seek-no-further, Newtown
Spitzenburg, Yellow Bellflower, Waxen (or Gate), White
Pippin, Roxbury Russet. Some might wish to add the
long keeper, but indifferently flavored, Gilpin or Romanite.
List of fruit for general purposes, recommended by the Cincinnati
Horticultural Society.
For July and August, 2 Summer Rose; July and August,
2 Strawberry; September and October, 2 Fall Pippin;
October and November, 4 Rambo ; November and Decem-
ber, 5 Golden Russet; November and December, 5 Yellow
Bellflower; November and December, 20 White Bell-
flower ; January and February, 15 Pryor’s Red ; February
and April, 25 Raule’s Janet; March, 20 Newtown Pippin.
100 trees.
APPLES FOR INDIANA.—By a Cotrtivaror.
SummEer.—Red or Carolina June, Summer Queen, Yel-
low Hoss, Sweet Bough, Prince’s Harvest, Kirkbridge
White, Sweet June, Daniel.
Aurumn.—Maiden’s Blush, Wine, Holland Pippin,
Rambo, Fall Harvey, Gravenstein, Ashmore, Porter.
Winter.—Black, Golden Russet, Newtown Spitzenburg,
Rhode Island Greening, Hubbardston Nonsuch, Vande-
vere Pippin, Yellow Bellflower, White Bellflower, Michael
Henry Pippin, Pryor’s Red, Green Newtown Pippin,
Genneting or Raule’s Janet, Putnam Russet.
APPLES OF WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA.—By a
CULTIVATOR.
Summzr.—Yellow June, Sweet Bough, Sour June, Early
Red, and Summer Queen.
Avrumn.—Wine Apple, Fall Pippin, Rambo, and Maid-
en’s Blush.
Winrer.—Vandevere Pippin, Golden Russet, Yellow
116 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
fe * .
Bellflower, Cumberland Spice, Smith’s Cider, Winesap,
Raule’s Janet, Rhode Island Greening, Red Pearmain,
Romanite, and the Butter Apple.
INDIANA APPLES.—RecommenpeD BY Henry Warp
BEECHER, INDIANAPOLIS.
The most popular Winter apples in Indiana, are Yel-
low Bellflower, White Bellflower (Detroit, of the West),
Newtown Spitzenburg, Campfield, Raule’s Janet (or Nev-
erfail), Green Newtown Pippin, Michael Henry Pippin,
Pryor’s Red, Golden Russet, Milam, Rambo, and Vande-
vere Pippin, only a second or third rate table apple, but
having other qualities that make it valuable to the Farmer.
It seldom fails of a crop. It usually hits when others miss.
OHIO APPLES.—Rreommenpep By 8. A. BARKER,
McConnELSVILLE.
Summer.—Bracken, Early Chandler, Summer Sweet (or
High Topped Sweet), Pound Royal, of Marietta (Dyer),
and Red Streak.
AutumMN.—Rambo, Holland Pippin, Winter Russets,
Yellow Bellflower, Spitzenburgs (of Marietta), Vandeveres
(Red, Green, and Yellow), Red, or Long Pearmain, Red
Winter Pennock, Black Gilliflower, Newtown Pippin,
Westfield Seek-no-further, Rhode Island Greening, Ro-
manite, Rome Beauty, Cooper, Orange (or Golden Sweet,
of Columbus), Stone’s Sweet, Sigler’s Red.
APPLES OF THE SHAKERS.—Mercer Co., Ky.
Summrr.—Striped June, Harly Harvest, Carolina June,
Summer Rose, Royal Pearmain, American Summer Pear-
main, and Gravenstein.
Avrumn.—Rambo, Queen, Fall Pippin, Golden Russet,
Newtown Spitzenburg, and Bellflower.
Wintrer.—Raule’s Janet, Pryor’s Red, and Limber Twig.
APPLES. 117
APPLES OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, VIRGINIA.
Summer.—Yellow June, Vestal, Grab, Golden Sweet,
Doctor Red, and Summer Pearmain.
AUTUMN. — Gravenstein, Rambo, Blenheim Orange,
Bellflower, Fall Pippin, Cat Head, and Pound.
Winter.—Newtown Pippin, Green Pippin, Lady Fin-
ger, Sheepnose, or American Golden Russet, Russet, Black
Coal, Prior’s Red, Limber Twig, Pennock, Abraham, Jen-
neting, Vandevere, and Smoke House.
ILLINOIS APPLES.
Summer.—Early Harvest, Sine Qua Non, Sweet Bough,
Caroline, Red June, Sugar Loaf Pippin, Red Astrachan,
Golden Sweet, American Summer Pearmain.
Auttumn.—Rambo, Holland Pippin, Red Ingestrie.
Winter.—Limber Twig, Milam, Raule’s Janet, Roman
Stem, Romanite, Winesap, Yellow Bellflower, Ortley, or
White Bellflower, Baldwin.
VIRGINIA APPLES.
Abraham, Beverley’s Red, Waugh’s Crab, Raule’s Janet,
Limber Twig, Milam, Leather Coat, Brooke’s Pippin,
Ogleby, Prior’s Red, Skawn’s Seedling, Belpre, Winter
Cheese, Wellford, Vandevere, Hall’s Red, Bonum, Wine-
sap.
Sweet apples strongly recommended for stock, are:
Lady’s Sweeting, Sweet June, Sweet Bough, Golden
Sweet, Jersey Sweet, Bailey Sweet, Broadwell, Ramsdell,
Danver’s Winter, Talman’s Sweet, Michael Henry, Camp-
‘field. For cider, the Harrison Campfield, Graniwinkle,
Gilpin, and Hewe’s Virginia Crab.
118 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
PEARS.
Azzorr. Color, dark green, with reddish brown cheek ;
form, oblong obovate; size, 2; use, table; texture, sugary
and buttery; quality, 2; season, August and September.
Remarxs.—From Rhode Island.
ADELE DE ST. DENIS. Color, yellow, with some
russet ; form, obovate, irregular ; “size, 2 to 1; use, table;
texture, melting, juicy ; quality, 1; season, September.
Remwarks.—Very little known here yet. Foreign.
Alpha. Color, pale ycllowish green, with some reddish
spots, then pale brown blush ; form, obovate, and a little
oblong; size, 2; use, table; texture, buttery; quality, 2
to 3; season, September and October.
Remarxs.—A. seedling, from Belgium, of Van Mons.
It is a moderately pleasant and passable fruit.
Amire Joannet. Color, green and yellow; form, pyri-
form ; size, 3; use, table; “tec bute, buttery ; quality, 2 ~
3; season, Ta and July.
Remarks.—Synonymous with Early Sugar and St.
John. Exhibited before the Cincinnati Horticultural
Society, by Mr. McWilliams. (See Appendix, 73.)
ALTHORPE Crassanr. Color, pale green; form, round-
ish obovate ; size, 2; use, table; texture, buttery; qual-
ity, 2; season, Octeber and November.
Remarks.—The quality of this pear is not always
PEARS. 119
equal. But generally it may be pronounced “ very good.”
It is of foreign origin.
AMBRETTE. Sometimes called TZilton. Color, green;
form, oblong ; size, 2 to 3; use, table; texture, juicy, but-
tery; quality, 2; season, November to February.
RemarKks.—Resembles, a little, Echasserie. It is a
good pear.
AmpBrosia. Lchasserie by some. Color, green; form,
roundish ; size, 2; use, table; texture, buttery; quality,
2; season, January.
Remarxks.—Foreign. Hardly worthy of cultivation.
Amande Double, or Amanda’s Double. Color, yellow and
red; form, pyriform ; size, 2; use, table; texture, coarse ;
season, August.
Remarxs.—Foreign. Unworthy.
Ananas. Color, clear yellow, with small dots; form,
obtuse pyriform ; size, 1; use, table; texture, juicy ; qual-
ity, 2; season, August.
Remarxs.—Flesh, white, fine grained, firmer than the
Bartlett, but of rich, sweet, and excellent flavor. Des-
cribed in Downing’s Horticulturist, ‘Fine flavor.”
ANANAS D’ETE. Color, dull yellowish green; form,
oval; size, 2; use, table; texture, sweet, juicy, pleasant;
quality, 1; season, August and September. Best.
Remarxs.— Very Good.”—J. B. Eaton, Buffalo. —
ANDREWS. Color, yellowish and green, with a brown
cheek ; form, oval, pyriform; size, 1; use, table; texture,
buttery ; quality, 2 to 1; season, September.
Remarxs.—Not an early bearer; American origin.
120 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
Good for market. Early bearer, and productive. Exhib-
ited by William Heaver; Nurseryman and Pomologist, at
the Cincinnati Horticultural Society’s Rooms in 1855.
Succeeds well about Cincinnati.
ANGLETERRE. Color, green to yellow; form, pyriform ;
size, 1; use, kitchen; texture, buttery; quality, 1; sea-
son, September.
Remarxs.—Productive, though rather apt to rot soon.
Beurre d’Angleterre, of William Heaver; large, produc-
tive, baking.
ANGORA.
Remarks.—Belicved to be the Pound, or Uvedale’s St.
Germain. Hardy, large, handsome, and most productive.
Fine for cooking.
‘
Ashton Town. Color, greenish yellow; form, roundish ;
size, 3; use, table; quality, 3; season, September.
Remarks.—From England. Generally considered un-
worthy.
AuRATE. Color, pale yellowish green; form, regular;
size, 3; use, table; texture, buttery; quality, 2; season,
July.
Remarxs.—aA pretty good fruit.
Autumn Colmar.
Remargks.—Unworthy.
Autumn Bergamot. Color, brownish green, yellow when
ripe; form, flat at blossom end, stem shart; size, 2; use,
table; texture, juicy ; quality, 3; season, September.
Remarxs.—Tree not vigorous but prolific. Unworthy.
(See Appendix, 74.)
Autumn Paraptse. Color, dull yellow; form, obo-
Middleton, Wallace « Clin. 0.
BARTLETT PEAR.
x
a
d
3
a
PEARS. 121
vate, acute pyriform; size, 1; use, table ;.texture, buttery,
melting, juicy ; season, September and October.
Remarks.—Of foreign origin. Similar, in most respects,
to Beurre Bose.
AUTUMN SUPERB.
Remarxs.—Large, obtuse, pyriform. Good for kitchen
use. A great bearer.
Barker. Color, greenish yellow; form, obovate; ae
2; use, tablé and baking; texture, coarse; putelity, 2 23
season, September and October. a
BARON DE MELLO. Color, yellow and russet; form,
obovate, acute pyriform; size, 2; use, table; texture,
melting, juicy; quality, 1; season, September and October.
Remarxs.— Good and new.”—Horticultural Exhibition,
1855. “Very good,”’—Marshall P. Wilder, in Horticulturist.
BARTLETT, or Williams’ Bon Chretien, with a great num-
ber of synonymes (showing its great value everywhere).
Color, yellow; form, obovate, obtuse pyriform; size, 1;
_ use, table; texture, buttery, melting, sugary, juicy, with
“a peouliae flavor; quality, 1; season, August to October.
Remarxs.—Hnglish. Originated in 1770. Tree vigor-
ous, and very early productive. “Well suited to the
vicinity of Cincinnati.’—F%. G. Cary. Excellent, early,
productive, either on pear or quince. The former stock
sufficiently good. Thus far, taken altogether, the best
pear of its season for the locality of Cincinnati. It is
even now too little grown, but continually gaining the
great favor and estimation it so justly and fully merits.
The Bartlett is a pear that it is not necessary to cultivate
on the quince. On its own stock it does not grow large to
11
122 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
take up much room, and from its very productive charac-
ter naturally, it over-bears on the quince. It is one of those
rare pears that succeeds equally well North and South.
It takes the widest range of climate possible for the pear
kind. This is the pear for this vicinity. It is a thrifty
grower, produces the second year from the graft, when
put on large trees. We have had it to bear the first year.
It outsells any thing else. Three dollars per bushel is
the usual price—often more. (See Appendix, 75.)
Beadnell. Color, pale yellow and green; form, turbi-
nate; size 2; use, table ; texture, melting, and very juicy;
season, September.
Remarxs.—Foreign.
BELLE ExcELLENTE.—Color, yellow, with a red blush;
form, oblong pyriform ; size, 1; use, table; texture, melt-
ing, buttery; quality, 1; season, September.
BELLE DE BRUXELLES, or Beauty of Brussels. Color, deep
yellow; form, variable, obovate pyriform; size 1; use,
table; texture, sugary ; season, August.
Remarxs.—Exhibited by W. 8. Hatch, August, 1855.
Fruit Committee considered it a first-rate market fruit,
and of pretty good flavor. This is presented as Belle of
Flanders (erroneously) in the Catalogue of the London
Horticultural Society.
Belle Canaise. Color, light yellow; form, obovate ; size,
3; use, table; texture, juicy, coarse; season, October to
January.
Remarxs.—Foreign. Unworthy.
BELLE OF FLANDERS, or Flemish Beauty, Bosch,
4
PEARS. 123
Bosch Nouvelle, Bosc Sire, etc., etc. Color, pale yellow,
mostly covered with marblings and’ patches of light rus-
set, and reddish brown in the sun; form, oblong, obtuse
obovate ; size, 1; use, table; texture, not very fine grained,
Juicy, melting, sugary ; quality, 1; season, Aug. and Sept.
RemarKs.—Very much admired, and the flavor greatly
approved of. Considered to rank among the very best.
“Merits the first place with the Bartlett, Seckel, etc.,
among the most delicious pears tested in this neighbor-
hood.” “One of the best.”—Dr. Warder. Very fine spe-
cimens exhibited by the author, August 25,1855. It is
deserving of the most general cultivation. It succeeds
well on the quince. The rich soils of the West suit it,
Tree vigorous, with the branches upright, and shoots dark
brown. Has been sometimes mistaken for Knight's
Monarch. This comes next to the Bartlett, but does not
bear so young. Delicious. Very handsome. (See Ap-
pendix, 76.)
BELLE LUCRATIVE. See Fondanted’Automne. A
most delicious fruit. A universal favorite.
BELMONT.
Remarks.—Large. Good for cooking. A good bearer,
and profitable.
BreLte Jvuuiz. Color, yellowish green; form, long
ovate ; size, 2; use, table; texture, juicy; quality 2; sea-
son, September and October.
Remarxs.— Very good.”—Hovey’s Mag. (See App. 77.)
BELLE DE NogL, or Belle Apres Noel. Color bright yel-
low; form obovate, obtuse pyriform ; use table; texture,
juicy ; quality, 2; season, December.
Remarxs.—Very rich, and highly flavored. A great
keeper. ‘Good keeper.”—Dr. Warder.
124 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
BELLISSIME D’ErE, or the Beauty of Summer, or French
Jargonelle, Red Muscadel, English Red Check, etc., etc. Color,
yellow, with red cheek; form, roundish obovate ; size, 3;
use, table ; texture, juicy, sugary ; season, July, and some-
times August.
Remarks.—The fruit is small and singularly beautiful ;
the skin is smooth, of a bright yellow, the cheek toward
the sun of a brilliant red, with small dots; the form is
regular, diminishing toward the stem, which is long. If
picked before it is ripe, it is a pretty good early pear; it
sometimes grows in clusters; produces abundantly, and
commonly ripens about the middle of July.
BELLE DE TuHouars. Color, brownish russet; form,
pyriform, angular; size, 2; use, table; texture, tart,
juicy; quality, 1 to 2; season, August and September.
Remarks.—Of foreign origin.
BELLE ET Bonne, or Beautiful and Good, or Gracieuse.
Color, greenish yellow; form, roundish; size, 2; use,
table; texture, juicy and melting; quality, 2; season,
August.
Remarxs.—Pretty good when well ripened.
Bensett’s Winter. Color, yellow; form, round; size,
1; use, baking; texture, juicy, astringent; quality, 2;
season, Winter.
Remarxs.—Originated near Philadelphia; a fine keeper
and a great bearer. Somewhat harsh and astringent,
though not of a bad quality for cooking.
Benoist Nouveau. Color, greenish yellow; form, round
obovate ; size, 2; use, table; texture, juicy, sugary; qual-
ity, 2; season, Winter.
RemaARxKs.—Also rather astringent.
PEARS. 126
BERGAMOTTE D’HsPEREN.
Remarks.—A great keeper. Like the Autumn Berga-
motte, grows well on quince. Melting and juicy. Not
quite so rich as some of the Autumn Pears.
Bequesne. Color, yellow, with dark spots; form, long;
size, 1; use, baking; texture, astringent; quality, 2.
Remarks.—Only good for cooking.
BERGAMOTTE SYLVANCHE. Color, green, size, 2; use,
table; texture, juicy; quality, 2; season, August and
September.
BEURRE DE CaPpraumont. Color, clear yellow; form,
long turbinate; size, 2 to 3; use, table; texture, crisp;
quality, 2 to 3; season, August and September ; situation
or aspect, South.
Remarks.—A great bearer. Exhibited by the author
at the Cincinnati Horticultural Society Hall, August 25,
1855, Committee considered it “a pretty good pear, but
subject, when the trees bear full, to be a little too crisp
and astringent.” These specimens, more astringent than
it usually is, and, therefore, not so good as the pear some-
times is. An annual bearer. A good little pear; when
ripened in the house, it loses its astringency. Too small
for market.
Brvrre DE Breumont. Color, yellowish green; form,
round obovate; size, 2.
RemarKs.—Foreign. Good.
Beurre Presie. Color greenish yellow; form, oblate
obovate; size, 2; use table; texture, buttery; quality, 2;
season, September.
Remarxs.—Hardly worthy of cultivation.
126 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
BrvrRe Mouuetts Guernsey. Color, yellowish green ;
form, ovate pyriform; size, 2; use, table; texture, melt-
ing; quality, 2; season, November to December.
RemarKs.—Foreign. A fine kind.
Brvurre Benoist. Color, yellow, mottled; form, obtuse
pyriform; size, 2 to 1; use, table; texture, melting, but-
tery, sweet and rich; quality, 1; season, July.
RemMarKs.—A new and exceedingly fine pear; always
fine. Flesh, white, tender, buttery, abounding in rich,
sweet, sprightly juice. (See Appendix, 78.)
Beurre p’Ansov. Color, pale yellow, with a dull blush;
form, oblong, obovate pyriform ; size, 1; use, table; tex-
ture, juicy, melting; quality, 1; season, October and
November.
Remarxs.—Foreign. Good on pear and quince. An
old pear, on Loudon’s List. “ Fine, good, rather acid.”—
Cincinnati Horticultural Exhibition, 1855. Of nearly the
highest excellence. A great many good qualities about it.
BEuRRE D’AREMBERG. Has many synonymes. Form,
obovate, obtuse pyriform; size, 2; use, table; texture,
juicy, melting, vinous; quality, 2; season, December to
February.
Remarks.—Forcign. Sometimes confounded with Glout
Morceau. Fruit hangs well. A great bearer and hardy.
A warm, rich soil suits it. Wood, strong, long jointed.
Rather difficult to ripen: a common fault with Winter
fruit. A warm temperature has been found injurious
for this purpose. A cool place, about 40° or 50°, and
allowing it a long time gradually to ripen, appears by
late experiments to be the most successful of all methods.
The Buerre d’ Aremberg can not be regarded as a
good Winter pear with us, West, with our present ex-
' PEARS. 127
perience in ripeningit. It has not the fault of coming too
late into bearing that some varieties have.
Brurre Easter. See Hastcer Beurre.
Bevurre Ruine. Color, light yellow, rough spots ; form,
pyriform, irregular; size, 1; use, table; texture, rather
coarse; quality, 2; season, October and November.
ReEMaARKs.—Succeeds very well on the quince. Often
very good in the Hast. Called “Poor,” by the Fruit Com-
mittee Cincinnati Horticultural Exhibition, 1855.
Brurre Brown, or Brown Beurre. Color, yellowish
green on brownish ground; size, 1; use, table; texture,
buttery, melting, juicy; quality, 2; season, September.
(See Appendix, 79.)
Remarxs.—An old variety. Requires a warm, rich
soil. A peculiar vinous taste. Much finer in England
than in the West. There it is one of their choicest fruits.
BEURRE BOSC. Color, dark yellow, with russet dots;
form obovate, acute, pyriform; size, 1; use, table; tex-
ture, juicy, melting, sweet; quality, 2; season, September
and October.
Remarxks.—Fruit always fine. Foreign, by Van Mons.
Fruit varies somewhat in size. Tree, vigorous; long,
brownish olive shoots. Very fine, though a wild grower.
Exhibited by Mr. T. M. Millikin, of the town of Ham-
ilton, at the Cincinnati Horticultural Exhibition, 1855.
Will not do on the quince stock; perhaps the only one
that will not do at all. Varies in different seasons.
Beurre SuperFiIn. Color, dull pale green; size, 1;
use, table; texture, juicy; quality, 2; season, Septem-
ber and October.
128 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
Rzemarxs.—Excellent in Boston ; received prize. Flesh,
juicy, melting, and with slight aroma. Described by Col.
Wilder, in Horticulturist. Tree vigorous.
BrEurReE Sprin. Form, obovate obtuse pyriform ; size,
1; use, table; texture, juicy; quality, 2; season, October.
Remarxks.—Flesh, melting, juicy, rich with a peculiar
aroma. Described by Col. Wilder. 1
Beurve Bachelier. Color, greenish yellow; form, oblate
obovate pyriform ; size, 1; use, table; texture, sugary ;
season, Winter. é
Remarks.—Foreign. Tree vigorous. Good bearer.
Beurre D’AMANLIS. Color, dull green; form, obtuse
pyriform; size, 1; texture, juicy; quality, 2; season,
August.
Remanrxs.—Rots at core before it looks ripe. Fine in
flavor, however, when sound. Exhibited by A. H. Ernst,
in August, 1855. Committee considered the specimens
“very fine; a first-rate fruit.” Not much cultivated, yet, in
this vicinity. If it generally rots, which is likely, it will
be better to regraft old trees, and cease cultivating it.
Committee must have been in error about this fruit; not
a first-rate fruit. Good on alternate years, when it bears
heavy crops. It is of fair size for market, although it
comes in with the great Bartlett. Specimens of the same
fruit will often vary very much—so much so as often to
deceive the most experienced. It sometimes requires
several trials of the same fruit to be infallible.
BEvRRE DE WATERLOO. Fondante de Chaneuse. Color,
dull green, rough skin, with russet traces and points;
form, obtuse pyriform; size, 1; use, table; texture, juicy,
sprightly, sugary; quality, 1; season, September.
PEARS. 129
Remanxs.—Described by Col. Wilder in Horticulturist.
Fine with us (Cincinnati). Exhibited in Mr. Ernst’s col-
lection, at the Horticultural Exhibition of 1855.
Beurre Stetkmans. Color, dull grayish russet; form,
obovate pyriform ; size, 2; texture, rich, sub-acid; season,
October.
Burrre Brerronneav. Form, obovate oblate pyri-
form; size, 1; use, table; texture, sugary, melting; sea-
son, long keeper.
Remarxs.—Large and handsome. Flesh, melting, high
flavored and excellent. Described thus briefly by Col.
Wilder, President of Massachusetts Horticultural Society
for many years. Foreign. “Does not succeed well on
the quince.” —Rivers, in Horticulturist.
Burrre Diet. Color, yellow; form, obovate, obtuse
pyviform; size, 1; use, table; texture, juicy; quality, 2
season, October to November. ~
Remarks.—Fine, when well ripened. Thrifty, fruit
roughish. Foreign. Does well on either pear or quince.
Very productive. Not difficult to ripen. Fruit apt to
drop from the tree, before picking time. Fine, large,
very delicious when ripened in the house, as most pears
should be. Very subject to leaf-blight. We kept them
until January, one season, when they were pronounced
very superior, by the members of the Cincinnati Horti-
cultural Society. Notas great a bearer as the Bartlett.
(See Appendix, 80.)
?
BeuRRE CLAIRGEAU, OF Nantes. Color, yellowish green ;
form, irregular turbinate ; size, 1; use, table ; texture, but-
tery ; quality, 1; season, October ‘anid N ovember.
REMARKS. _-Dieecribeit’ by Andre Leroy, in Horticulturist,
130 WESTERN FRUIT BOOK.
A handsome pear, of first-rate quality. Flesh, melting,
juicy. Resembles Gray Doyenne. Very productive,
and bears early; very vigorous. A very great acquisition.
Beurre Charron. Color, greenish yellow; form, round-
ish; size, 2; use, table; texture, juicy, melting; quality, 1.
Beurre Kenrick. Color, greenish yellow; form, pyri-
form ; size, 2; use, table ; texture, not juicy.
Remarxs.—Unworthy.
Beurre Nantats. Color, greenish yellow, with crim-
son; form, long pyriform, sometimes obovate; size, 2;
use, table; texture, melting, very juicy; richly flavored,
sweet, and pleasant; quality, 1; season, September.
Remarks.—Should be picked before ripe. Summer and
early Fal] pears should be picked when fully grown, and
before the process of ripening commences. Much fine
fruit is spoiled by being picked too late. With very few
exceptions, no pear ought to ripen on thé tree.
Beurre Knox.
Remarks.—Unworthy.
Bevurre Presie. Color, greenish yellow, russet and
green spots; form, oblong, obovate; size, 1; use, table;
texture, buttery; quality, 2; season, September and Oc-
tober.
Remarxs.—American origin. Worthy.
Beurre Colmar.
Remarxs.— Unworthy.
BEURRE LANGELIER. Color, light green, with
pale yellow; form, obovate, pyriform ; size, 2; use, table;
PEARS, 131
texture, juicy; quality, 1; season, December and Jan-
uary.
Remarxs.—Flesh, yellowish white, melting, and fine-
grained. Flavor, sprightly, sub-acid, rich, excellent, with
a light perfume. Vigorous on pear or quince. Produc-
tive. Has proved fine here.
BrvRRE DE BEaumont. Color, yellowish green, brown-
ish red in sun, with many dark green, or russety spots;
form, roundish obovate; size, 2; use, table; quality, 2;
season, September.
Remarxs.—Of foreign origin. Flesh, white, buttery,
juicy, sweet, by good authority pronounced “ very good.”
BEURRE GOUBAULT. Size, 1; use, table; quality,
1; texture, buttery; season, August and September.
Remarxs.—Good and large. Exhibited by Wm. Hea-
ver, at Cincinnati Horticultural Society, August 25, 1855.
Committee on Fruit considered it “rich, buttery, and of
good flavor.” Tree, vigorous, early bearer, and product-
ive. (See Appendix, 81.)
BEURRE GIFFARD. Color, yellowish green; form,
pyriform; size, 2; use, table; texture, juicy, melting;
season, August.
RemarKs.—Foreign.