he See mitt one ay . a veel poh Ste E ae See CAEN ey Lo PEN ey pes ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY NEW YorK STATE COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY DATE DUE “hia (Reprinted from the Journal and Proceedings of. the Royal Society of Western Australia, Vol. 11.) ‘ THE BOTANY OF THE KIMBERLEYS, NORTH-WEST AUSTRALIA. i By Wiiuiam Vincent FivzGexap. — (Communicated by J. H. Maiden, L8.0., F.RS., F.LS., Honorary Member, 4th February. 1918.) Issued November, 1918. er Qk ‘so 254648 THE BOTANY OF THE KIMBERLEYS, NORTH-WEST AUSTRALIA, By WicitiamM VINCENT FITZGERALD. (Communicated by J. H. Maiden, I.8.0., F.R.S., Honorary Member.) Note by Communicator—Mr. Fitzgerald was attached to two expeditions, viz., that of C. Crossland in 1905, and one in the fol- lowing year. A note on the botanical work will be found in my “Notes on Acacia, No. li., Tropical Western Australia,’ in Pros. Roy. Soc., N.S.W. li., 106, 1917. The few specimens collected by Dr. House, collected on the F. 8. Brockman expedition of 1901 are referred to, op. cit. p. 104, and are included by Mr. Fitzgerald in the present paper. From time to time I brought before the Royal Society of New South Wales (Vols. xlvii., 221 (1913); xlix., 317, 318, (1915); li, 445 (1917) ) notes on or descriptions of Eucalypts collected by Mr. Fitzgerald, embodying his notes or descriptions where avail- able. Concerning Acacia, the same remarks apply as regards tropical species, to my papers in Proc. Roy. Soc., N.S.W. li, 71 (1917) and “The Flora of the Northern Territory” (Ewart and Davies), published by the Federal Government, 1917, Appendix iv., Acacias, p. 318. As regards Extra-tropical species, Proc. Roy. Soc., N.S.1W. li., 238 (1917). On 11th April, 1916, I received from Mr. Fitzgerald, the day after his departure on active service, his M.S. on Western Aus- tralian plants, together with some herbarium specimens. With the author away from Australia (he recently returned wounded), I acted in his interests as well as I could. Some few remaining Eucalyptus notes I will continue to publish in the Royal Society, New South Wales, series of papers, and others in my Critical Re- vision of the genus. A Hydrocharidiacea, which on receipt of the manuscripts I found Mr. Fitzgerald had described (but not published) had been forwarded by me to Dr. A. B. Rendle, F.R.S., of the British Mu- seum, a specialist on this Family, as far back as July, 1915. No opportunity presented itself of dealing with Mr. Fitzger- ald’s manuscripts in 1916. I divided them into three parts (a) The present portion, which deals with the tropical (chiefly Kimber- 2 ley) plants. This is by far the most valuable. I have re-arranged it but have not otherwise interfered with it. (bb) Some notes on other Western Australian plants; valuable, but not so urgent. (e) Descriptions of Western Australian plants already published by Mr. Fitzgerald. It was evidently the intention of Mr. Fitzgerald to publish (a), (b), and (c) as a complete work, and this would have been very convenient. Of course no scientific journal would republish (c). It is regretted that the present paper was not pub- lished years ago, but financial difficulties apparently stood in the way. During the last ten years I obtained a number of specimens of Mr. Fitzgerald’s collecting by purchase from a former business partner of his. A few others I had received at odd times from Dr. Stoward, Botanist and Plant Pathologist of the Western Australian Department of Agriculture. In April, 1917, I received from Dr. Stoward specimens of 53 species now described in this paper. These are in the National Herbarium of Sydney, and the original set is with Dr. Stoward at Perth. Many of the species will have to be re-collected before material is available for other herbaria. Mr. Fitzgerald’s paper deals with one of the important terrae incognitae of Australia. This has been brought home to me fre- quently, as small collections from North-Western Australia are from time to time received. Accordingly, long before I became the trustee of Mr. Fitzgerald’s manuscripts, I had prepared a botanical bibliography of the region, which is attached to my Acacia paper (Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., li. 71 (1917), the chief value of the purely botanical, porton of which is based on Mr. Fitzgerald’s ma- terial received from Dr. Stoward. The following are proposed as new genera:— CYPERACEL. MALVACE. Crosslandia Brockmania The following are proposed as new species :— CYCADACEA, HAMADORACEZ Cycas furfuracea Hemadorum longifolium Hemadorum flaviflorum SCHEUCHZERIACE Ai. Triglochin pterocarpa PROTEACEA:, Grevillea miniata Grevillea heteroneura ; GRAMINES, Grevillea erythroclada Eriachne paueiflora Hakea Morrisoniana CYPERACH AS LORANTHACE A, Fimbristylis pilifera Loranthus ferruginiflorus Fimbristylis oligocephala Loranthus biangulatus Fimbristylis arthrostyloides Crosslandia setifolia AMARANTACEAE. Scirpus Isdellensis Ptilotus longistachyus Rhynchospora affinis Ptilotus Johnstonianus PORTULACACEZ. Calandrinia Tepperiana LAURACEAL, Cassytha strigosa LEGUMINOS. Cassia neurophylla Cassia cladophylla Jacksonia petrophiloides Jacksonia aculeata Crotalaria membranacea Psoralea cuneata Psoralea virens Tephrosia conspicua Tephrosia stipuligera Atylosia lanceolata ZYGOPHYLLEA. Tribulus affinis Tribulus curvicarpus RUTACEA. Boronia pauciflora EUPHORBIACE. Euphorbia distans Euphorbia comans Euphorbia cinerea Euphorbia chrysochaeta Bridelia phyllanthoides Petalostigma humilis Phyllanthus polycladus Mallotus Derbyensis ANACARDIACEA. Buchanania oblongifolia RHAMNACE, Cryptandra intratropica TILIACEAS. Triumphetta reflexa MALVACE. Sida Hackettiana Abutilon Andrewianum Abutilon propinquum Brockmania membranacea STERCULIACEA. Sterculia viscidula Sterculia tuberculata Sterculia viridiflora Helicteres rhynchocarpa LYTHRACEA, Nesaea repens COMBRETACEA. Terminalia Hadleyana Terminalia chlorocarpa Terminalia biangulata Terminalia Rogersit MYRTACE. Melaleuca Crosslandiana Melaleuca argentea Melaleuca Loguet Fenzlia phebalioides EBENACEA. Diospyros nitens LOGANIACE. Mitrasacme lepidocalyz Mitrasacme hispida ASCLEPIADACEA. Marsdenia Brockmaniana BORRAGINACE, Ehretia urceolata Helioptropium flaviflorum SOLANACEZ. Solanum dioicum SCROPHULARIACEA. Stemodia flaccida PEDALIACE. Josephinia papillosa LENTIBULARIACE. Utricularia Charnleyensis MYOPORACE. Pityrodia obliqua CANDOLLEACE, Stylidium cordifolium Stylidium rubiscapum Stylidium irriguum Stylidium claytonioides GOODENIACEA. Goodenia linifolia Goodenia propinqua Calogyne Heppleana Scaevola scabrida Scaevola stenostachya Scaevola decipiens Dampiera conospermoides COMPOSITE. Olearia aspera Blumea pungens Blumea prostrata _ Pterocaulon globuliflorus VARIETIES. MALVACEA. Hibiscus zonatus F. v. M. var. spinulosa. GRAMINEA. Xerochloa imberbis BR. Br. var. GOODENIACE. Goodenia lamprosperma F. v. re : oe var. foliosa. CYPERACEA, COMPOSITA. Cyperus Holoschenus R. Br. var. Pluchea tetranthera F. v. M. var. viscida. cinerea His paper therefore contains descriptions of— 2 new genera 88 new species 5 new varieties and from that cireumstance also becomes a most important contri- bution to Australian botany. The new species of Acacia and Euea- lypts are not included, having been dealt with elsewhere, as already stated. This would increase the number of species by at least six, making 94 in all. It would be desirable to make a comprehensive statement in regard to the flora of North-West Australia, and my bibliography will be useful in this connection, but it is not desirable to increase the length of the present paper. In a few cases Mr. Fitzgerald has not given specific localities, and in cases in which a species occurs in extra-tropical areas, I have been careful to only present such of Mr. Fitzgerald’s notes as refer, at least in part, to tropical speci- mens. The Northern Territory and North-West Australia being con- tiguous country, it will be most instructive to compare Ewart and Davies’ “Flora of the Northern Territory,” published last month (December, 1917), with the present paper, but to do this would delay publication of Mr. Fitzgerald’s paper, and would also raise the question of additional cost. The following brief account of the physiograhpy of the area dealt with was supplied by Mr. Fitzgerald. The author has also some fuller notes on the geology of the region which are less in place in a purely botanical paper. The part specifically detailed extends due east of King Sound and is typical of the country bounded on the south by the Fitzroy River. The principal mountain chains are the King Leopold Ranges which bear west of north to Walcott Inlet. Mount Broome is the highest point, but does not exceed 1,900 feet above the north-eastern base. Away to the west and parallel with the ranges is a low rugged- looking one known as the Napier Range, and beyond, for a distance 5 of roughly 100 miles, when King Sound is reached, are a series of sandy, scrubby undulations and grassy plains. To the east of the King Leopold Ranges, looking from Mount Broome, the country in configuration consists of ranges and _ table- lands, with undulations, and extensive plains intervening, be- sides isolated mountains which rise above the surrounding country like islands from an ocean. The whole are intersected by numerous watercourses which, during the wet season, carry huge volumes of water, and always contain large permanent pools, or are running in part throughout the whole year. The elevations are faced by fre- quently unsealable cliffs of 50 to above 500 feet in height, whilst the rivers do not uniformly follow the base of the ranges, but in- stead often cut clean through them, forming wildly picturesque and precipitous gorges The following are some examples :— River. Ranges through which they gorge. Lennard wee aie a «. | King Leopold and Napier. Isdell_ ... aus $58 aes ... | Packhorse and Artesian. Sprigg ... ae ah wee .. | Synnott. Hann ... st as eed « | Phillips. Barker ... wes | Napier. 6 PTERIDOPHYTA. FILICALES. POLYPODIACE&. Adiantum lunulatum Burm. King Sound District (Froggatt), Wingrah Pass, Napier Range (W.V.F.). Among limestone rocks. Aspidium exaltatum Swartz. Sprigg, Charnley, and Hann Rivers, MacNamara Creek, base of Artesian Range, Edkins Range, Sunday Island (W.V.F.). In boggy spots. Rhizome creeping and fronds 4ft. long or caudex slender. 6-S8ins. high, fronds to 3ft. long. Polypodium phymatodes L. Sunday Island (W.V.F.). In shaded spots. Acrostichum aureum L. Hamersley Range (McRae), King Sound District (Froggatt), Sunday Island (W.V.F.). In boggy spots. A. scandens Smith. Sprigg and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). In wet spots. Rhizome trailing or climbing many yards. PARKERIACE. Ceratopteris thalictroides Brong. Isdell, Adcock, Charnley Rivers, Woollybutt Creek (W.V.F.). Fronds form a thickened rhizome which is beneath water. GLEICHENIACEAS. Platyzoma microphyllum R. Br. Cespitose and forming patches of one or more feet across. Always found in sandy soil. Gleichenia dichotoma Hook. Hunter’s River, York Sound (A. Cunn), Charnley River, Lat. 16° 17’ (W.V.F.). 1-2ft. in height. In wet spots among quartzite rocks. SCHIZEACE.E. Lygodium scandens Swartz. Isdell, Sprigg, Hann, Charnley, and Calder Rivers, Sunday Island, Dillen’s Springs (W.V.F.). Stems climbing many yards over scrub and small trees, and often attaining a, heieht of 15—-20ft. Among sandstone and quartzite boulders. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 7 MARSILEACEA. Marsilea angustifolia, R. Br. Bases of Mts. House, Clifton, Hamilton, and Brennan (W.V.F.). In wet spots chiefly around billabongs. LYCOPODIALES. LYCOPODIACE. Lycopodium cernuum. L. Charnley River, Edkins Range (W.V.F.). Among wet rocks. SELAGINELLACE A. Selaginella Belangeri Springer. Isdell River, Mt. Bartlett, affluent of the Isdell River. eight miles N.W. of the Isdell Range (W.V.F.). In the clefts of wet rocks. PSILOTALES, PSILOTACEA. Psilotum triquetrum Swartz. Sprigg and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). Rhizome shortly creeping ; spore-cases yellow. In moist spots. GYMNOSPERM. CYCADALES. CYCADE. Cycas furfuracea (W.V.F.), n. sp. A palm-like plant with a simple stout trunk, leaves petiolate, the rhachises glabrous; leaflets numerous, entire or rarely bifid, broad, linear, rigid and straight, ending in dark-coloured points, strongly keeled, margins somewhat recurved, glabrous above, invested beneath with a con- spicuous furfuraceous indumentum, not decurrent on the rhachis, the lowest gradually smaller and passing into more or less scaly hairy straight spines which extend half-way down the petiole; male cones shortly pedun- culate, narrow-ovoid-deltoid, thickened at the apices, and terminating in stout obtuse upwardly curved points, the scales glabrous above, the acumen and antheriferous surface invested with a short dense brown woolly tomentum ; anther-cells covering the scale from the base to the thickened summit, carpophylls petiolate, with one to two pairs of ovules above the middle, densely ferrugin- ous tomentose, blade ovate, prominently spinous-toothed, and terminating in a slender obtuse glabrous apex ; seeds globose, hard and glabrous. 8 Summits of Mts. Herbert, Broome, and Bold Bluff (W.V.F.). Trunk 4-6ft. high. Leaves 2-2ft. long, petioles }-}in; leaflets 6in. or less long by Lin. broad. Male cones 1}ft. long by 3in. diameter ; scales lin. or less in length, }in. diameter ; acumina fin. long. Carpophylls 6-8in. long ; stalk tdin.; blade 1-llin. broad; apex 1-l}in. long. Seeds l}in. diameter, bluish purple and glaucous when young, yellow when mature. In sandy soil among sand- stone and quartzite rocks. Affinity to C. media R. Br. 15 C. media R. Br. N.W. coast (A. Cunn.), Prince Regent’s River. (J. Bradshaw and Allen.) The description published in Flora Australiensis appears to be based on examples of more than one species. CONIFERAG CUPRESSEA (ACTINOSTROBIN~®). 16. Callitris verrucosa R. Br. A tree of 20-40ft.; trunk to 15ft.; diameter 1-l1}{t.; bark grey, rough ; timber brownish ; branchlets and foliage often glaucous and then the cones are much more verrucose than in the ordinary form. ‘‘ Cypress-pine.”’ In the western interior the species is most often found growing over calcareous rocks. Both the ordinary form and the glaucous one occur in tertiary limestone and sands, the latter in proximity to the sea. var. microcarpa Benth. York Sound, Prince Regent’s River, Brunswick Bay (A. Cunn.). Summits of King Leopold, Packhorse, Isdell, Synnott, Artesian, Edkins, and Harding Ranges, and to the north; Mts. Harris, Barnett, and Bold Bluff ; occasionally descending to their bases (W.V.F.). Tree 30—80ft. ; trunk to 40ft. ; diameter 1}-2ft. ; bark greyish, rugose ;_ timber brown; cones small, slightly verrucose or quite smooth. In sandstone and quartzite country. ANGIOSPERM ZE. MONOCOTYLEDONE/. PANDANALES. TYPHACEZ. 17. Typha angustifolia L. Near Perth (Preiss), (W.V.F.) ; Rawlinson’s Range (E. Giles) ; Bases of Mts. Brennan, Synnott, and Edkins Ranges (W.V.F.). 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 9 The tropical plant agrees with that of the Shaw River. The scapes are 4-8ft. in height. PANDANACE. Pandanus odoratissimus L. Stems erect, usually several together, attaining a height of 30ft., bi-tri-fureated near the summit; fruits globular, 6-9in. long and in diameter, red when ripe. Reputedly an indication of fresh water. ‘‘ Pandanus” or “‘ Screw- pine.”’ P. aquaticus F. v. M. Fitzroy, Isdell, Charnley, Denham, and King Rivers (W.V.F.). Stem erect, 12-25ft.; slender, emitting adventitious roots as in P. odoratissimus L., and inflorescence similar to those of that species; drupes free, obovate to cuneate, dry and brown, mostly about lin. long ; when old, splitting at the base into numerous fibres, the whole fruit forming a globose-ovate bead, 4-6in. long. HELIOBIZ (FLUVIALES). POTAMOGETONACEA. Potamogeton javanicus Hassk. Isdell, Charnley, Calder, and Hann Rivers, MacNamara Creek (W.V.F.). Leaves floating in still water. NAJADACEZE. Naias tenuifolia R. Br. Lennard, Isdell, Charnley, and Calder Rivers (W.V.F.). In water and muddy localities. APONOGETONACE. Aponogeton elongatus F. v. M. Isdell and Charnley Rivers; bases of Artesian, Synnott, Isdell and Edkins Ranges, and of Mt. Rason (W.V.F.). In still water. The submerged leaves are linear-lanceolate, those floating, ovate-lanceolate and purplish beneath ; flowers yellow, in a thick ovate spathe. SCHEUCHZERIACEA (JUNCAGINACEA). Triglochin pterocarpa W.V.F. n. sp. Roots tuberous; leaves numerous, form a thickened base ; terete or semi-terete throughout, flaccid, the upper portion floating ; scapes terete almost as long as the leaves and bearing a spike-like raceme ; flowers numerous, on very short pedicels ; perianth-segments, 4—6, ovate or almost 25. 21, 28. 10 orbicular ; anthers 6, all perfect ; carpels 3, quite free from the base; not tapering upwards, all or 1-2 only ripening, the stigmas broad and slightly recurved ; fruit sessile or shortly stipitate, compressed ; oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, faleate, terminating in a broad, usually straight beak, the inner and outer edges expanding into narrow longitudinal wings. Isdell and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). Leaves and scapes 2-5 or more feet in length. Inflorescence 4-12in. long, perianth-segments 1-I}in. long; yellowish. Fruits #in. long, yellow or purplish when ripe. In still water. Affinity to T. procera, R. Br. ALISMATACEZE. Alisma oligococcum F. v. M. King Sound District (Froggatt); Lennard and Barker Rivers (W.V.F.). In still water, rooting in mud; scapes 1-2ft. high ; flowers white. HYDROCHARITACE.E. Maidenia rubra (W.V.F.) Rendle. See ‘ ‘‘ Maidenia ”’ a new genus of Hydrocharitacee,’ by A. B. Rendle, D.Sc., F.R.S., with a plate (Journ. Bot., Vol. 54, p. 313, Nov., 1916). VALLISNERIEZ. Vallisneria spiralis L. May, Meda, Lennard, Fitzroy and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.) ; Margaret River (C. Andrews). The Margaret River here mentioned is in the South-West and not the tributary of the Fitzroy River known under that name. GLUMIFLORZA. GRAMINE. ANDROPOGONEZ, Andropogon affinis R. Br. Fraser Ranges (Dempster); Lennard, Fitzroy, Isdell, Hann, and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). Ceespitose, reed-like, 6—8ft. in height, In sandy loam and black soil. A. procera R. Br. Cwuspitose. The lemon-thyme scented rhizomes are used by the aborigines of N.W. Australia in the preparation of an infusion which is drunk by them as a specific for colds, and reputedly has a beneficial effect. In black soil and sandy loam. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 11 A. brevifolius Swartz. Goody-Goody, May, Meda, Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. This is the A. fragilis R. Br. of the Flora Australiensis. A. axilis Hochsh. May, Meda, Lennard, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In black soil. Sorghum halepense Persoon W. Australia (Drumm); Port Hedland, Lennard and Fitzroy Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. Dimeria ornithopoda Trinius. Eastern base of Bold Bluff (W.V.F.). In moist black soil. This is the D. tenera Trin. of the Flora Australiensis. Rotiboellia ophiuroides Benth. Lennard, May, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.) A reed-like grass, 6—-8ft. in height. In sandy loam. Ischaemum laxum, R. Br. Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In black soil. Anthistiria imberbis Retz. May, Meda, Lennard, Barker, Fitzroy, Richenda, Yeeda, Traine, Adcock, Throssell, Hann, Barnett, Isdell, Sprigg, Charnley, Calder, Ord, Denham, and King Rivers; Valen- tine, Bell, Synnott, Station, Messmate, Manning, Harris, McNamara, and Dingo Creeks; Dillen’s Springs, Cygnet Bay (W.V.F.). The ‘“ Bundle-Bundle,” one of the best of fodder grasses. A. australis R. Br., is now referred to this species. Ben- tham, in the Flora Australiensis, placed both under the annual A. ciliata L. In black soil. A. membranacea Lindley. This is the ‘‘ Flinders grass’’ of N.W. Australia, and is one of the best of fodder plants. Imperata arundinacea Cyrillo. Murchison River (Oldfield) ; Walcott Inlet, mouth of Calder River (W.V.F.). Ceespitose, in black sandy soil. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47, 48. 12 ZOYSIE. Perotis latifolia Aiton. Fitzroy River and Margaret Creek (Calvert’s Exped.) ; Broome; Derby; May, Lennard, and Fitzroy Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. Includes P. rara R. Br. TRISTEGINE. Arundinella brasiliensis Raddi. Prince Regent’s River (J. Bradshaw and Allen); Lennard, Isdell, Barnett, Charnley, and Calder Rivers (W.V.F.). PANICEA. Paspalum longiflorum Retz. Isdell, Hann, and Barnett Rivers (W.V.F.). In deep black soil or sandy loam. P. scrobiculatum L. Prince Regent’s River (J. Bradshaw and Allen); Wingrah Pass, Napier Range, Lennard, Fitzroy, and Isdell River (W.V.F.). In wet sandy spots. Panicum crus-galli L. Swan River (Helmich); Port Hedland; May River (W.V.F.). In sandy spots. P, indicum L. Prince Regent’s River (J. Bradshaw and Allen); Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy loams. P. majiusculum F. v. M. Durack River (J. Bradshaw and Allen); Lennard, Isdell, and King Rivers (W.V.F.). In heavy black soil. P. rarum R. Br. Isdell and Barnett Rivers ; north base of Bold Bloff (W.V.F.), In moist black soil. A gibbosity at the base of the palea. P. colonum L. Lennard, Fitzroy, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. P. myosuroides R. Br. North and east base of Bold Bluff (W.V.F.). In moist black soil. A form reduced in all its parts. P. repens L. Isdell River, east base of Bold Bluff (W.V.F.). In moist black soil. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 13 P. bicolor R. Br. Lennard, Isdell, and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). In black and sandy loams. P. polyphyllum R. Br. May, Meda, Lennard, Fitzroy, Barker, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In moist sandy loam. Spikelets silky ; no palea within the 3rd glume ; panicle broad with filiform pedicels. Setaria macrostachya H. B. et K. Gascoyne River (Polak); Wingrah Pass, Napier Range, Lennard and Isdell Rivers ; Packhorse Range, Wyndham (W.V.F.). Among rocks and in their crevices. Pennisetum arnhemicum F. v. M. King Sound District (Froggatt); Wingrah Pass, Napier Range, Lennard River (W.V.F.) In moist sandy soil. P. compressum R. Br. Fitzroy River, above Upper Liverynga Station (W.V.F.). In black soil. Chamaeraphis spinescens Poiret. Fortescue River (J. Forrest) ; Fitzroy River (W.V.F.). In wet black soil. Var. parvispicula Benth. May, Meda, Lennard, Isdell, Barnett, and King Rivers (W.V.F.). Stems running many yards in water. ‘‘ Water-grass ’’—The specimens are very close to C. gracile Hackel. Xerochloa imberbis R. Br. Cygnet Bay (A. Cunn.); King Sound District (Froggatt) ; near Derby; Cygnet Bay (W.V.F.). In dry sandy soil. Var. repens W.V.F. Goody-Goody, nine miles from Derby (W.V.F.). Stems creeping and rooting at the nodes ; rhachises muricate ; spikelets smaller than those of the typic plant. X. barbata R. Br. May, Meda, Lennard, and Fitzroy Rivers; Broome (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. ORYZEA., Oryza sativa L. May, Meda, Lennard, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). Cespitose. 4-6ft. in height. ‘‘ Wild Rice.” In sandy spots. 58. 59. 60. 61. 14 AGROSTIDEAS, Aristidea hygrometrica R. Br. ; Lennard, Fitzroy, Barker, Hann, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). Crespitose, in sandy soil. Regarded as a pest. The seeds sometimes cause the death of stock by penetrating the entrails from outside of the body. Sporobolus tremulus Kunth. May, Lennard, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). The specimens differ from the type in large, not rigid, flat leaves, and more open panicle. In moist sandy soil. AVENE. Eriachne ciliata R. Br. Between De Grey River and La Grange Bay (Alex. Forrest) ; Lennard, Barker, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In dry sandy spots. E. pauciflora W.V.F. n. sp. Rhizome perennial, shortly creeping and somewhat knotted, woolly, tomentose ; stems erect or ascending ; filiform, and along with the leaves, silky ; hairy, the nodes bar- bellate ; leaves chiefly basal, narrow, often almost setacous, convolute, finely pointed, erect, shorter than the stems, the outer ones reduced to broad mucronate-acute sheaths ; ligula barbellate ; spikelets 1-3, pedicellate; outer glumes acute, 7-9, curved, thin, purplish, keeled, glabrous or rarely scantily hirsute along the keel, margins often scabrous ; flowering glume slightly shorter, narrow densely silky-pubescent and terminating in a fine curved awn ; palea silky-hairy, with two prominent nerves on each side and tapering into a rather long rigid fruit. Edkins Range (W.V.F.). Stems, including the inflorescence, not exceeding tins. in height. Pedicels 2in. or less. Outer glumes 24 lin. long. Awns $—}in. In sandy soil. The species probably attains greater dimen- sions than already detailed. All grains in the specimens are diseased, they being filled with black granules which have caused them to assume an oblong-cylindrical form, black in colour with longitudinal whitish stripes or pure black. They attain a length of two lines. Affinity—E. squarrosa R. Br. i. festucacea F. v. M. Careening Bay (A. Cunn.); Isdell, Charnley, and Calder Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 71. ~I to 73. 15 E. pallida F. v. M. Dampier’s Archipelago (Walcott); Lennard, Fitzroy Rivers (W.V.F.). In black or sandy loam. E. melicacea F. v. M. Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. FESTUCE. Phragmites communis Trinius. The tropical western plant varies from 8—10ft. in height. Elythrophorus articulatus Beauvois. Fortescue River (J. Forrest); Lennard, Fitzroy, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In black soil. Ectrosia Schultzii Benth. May, Lennard, Fitzroy, Barker, Isdell, Hann, and Barnett Rivers (W.V.F.) Spikelets from plate to purplish, flowers usually two. In black or sandy loams. Eragrostis pilosa Beauvois. Gascoyne River (Polak) ; Lennard and Fitzroy Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. Triraphis pungens R. Br. 10 miles above Wingrah Pass, Lennard River, Isdell, and King Rivers (W.V.F.). Leaf-sheaths often viscid. In dry sandy spots. Triodia Mitchelli Benth. Upper Ashburton and between the Lyons and Fortescue Rivers (H. 8. King); Lennard, Isdell, Hann, Denham, and King Rivers (W.V.F.). Among sandstone or quartzite rocks. T. Cunninghamii Benth. Cambridge Gulf (A. Cunn.); Isdell, Charnley, Calder, Sprigg, and Barnett Rivers ; elevations between the Ord, Denham, and King Rivers, Dillen’s Springs (W.V.F.). Among sandstone or quartzite rocks. T. microstachya R. Br. N.W. Coast (A. Cunn.); Broome; Cygnet Bay (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. CHLORIDE. Cynodon tenellus R. Br. Fitzroy River and near Margaret River (Calvert’s Exped.) ; near Derby ; May River (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. 74. ~I oO 76. Mls 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 16 C. convergens R. Br. North base of Bold Bluff (W.V.F.). Spikes sometimes four. In moist grassy spots. CYPERACEZ:. Cyperus pygmaeus Rottb. Meda, May, Lennard, Fitzroy, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). An Isoetopsis-like plant ; in muddy spots. C. cuspidatus H.B. et Kk. Lennard, Isdell, and King Rivers, Hillgrove Station (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. C. flavescens L. Denham and King Rivers (W.V.F.). A slender tufted annual of lft. high ; nuts more than ? the length of the glumes. In moist grassy spots. C. albo-marginatus Nees. Lennard, Isdell, and King Rivers (W.V.F.). In damp grassy spots. C. fulvus R. Br. Gascoyne River (Polak) ; Lennard, May and Fitzroy Rivers (W.V.F.). In moist black soil. C. trinervis R. Br. Lennard, Fitzroy, Isdell, Barnett, Charnley Rivers, and base of Inglis’ Gap, King Leopold Ranges (W.V.F.). In moist grassy spots. C. distans L. Lennard, Isdell, Ord Rivers (W.V.F.). On grassy and sandy flats. C. holoschoenus R. Br. Near Derby, May, Meda, Lennard, Fitzroy, Isdell, Ord, Den- ham and King Rivers; Knob Hill; base of Mt. Robb. (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. Var. viscida, W.V.F. Summit of Mt. Leake, Lady Forrest Range (W.V.F.). In crevices of quartzite rocks. Differs from other forms in the whole plant being very viscid. C. sporobolus R. Br. N.W. coast (A. Hughan), Isdell River (W.V.F.). Remarks.—Rhizome bulbous ; nuts black. On a sandy ridge 84, 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 17 C. squarrosus L. Dampier’s Archipelago (Walcott); Fortescue River (J. Forrest) ; Fitzroy, Lennard, Denham and King Rivers, and Hillgrove Station ; near the last named (W.V.F.). In sandy and stony spots. C. haspan L. Brunswick Bay. (A. Cunn.) ; Isdell and King Rivers (W.V.F.). In moist sandy soil. C. rotundus L. var. pallidus Benth. Near Broome and Derby, May and Meda Rivers (W.V.F.). In dry sandy spots. C. polystachyus Rottb. Hamersley Range (McRae) Ord, and Xing Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy spots. Heleocharis variegata Kunth. Adcock, Isdell, Hann, Charnley and King Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy or muddy spots or in shallow pools. A. atropurpurea Kunth. Lennard, Isdell, Denham and King Rivers (W.Y.F.). In wet sand. Fimbristylis acicularis, R. Br. Lennard, Isdell, Charnley, Denham and King Rivers. (W.V.F.). In damp grassy spots. I. pilifera (W.V.F.) n. sp. A tufted annual with the leaves, stems, and outer bract-like glumes invested with short white hairs; stems filiform, few to many from each stock, the whole surrounded by several narrow-lanceolate or broad linear leaves, which are usually longer than the stems; stem-leaves reduced to 2-3 loose sheathing scales, the upper terminating in seta- ceous points of }+4in. long; spikelet solitary, erect or slightly nodding, herbaceous, somewhat compressed ; glumes few, imbricate on all sides, 2 outer ones 2/ 3 as long as the spikelet, green in the centre and 5-nerved, obtuse, margins membranous, 3rd one similar, all flowerless, the flowering glumes 4-6, membranous, with green centres ; stamens 3, style somewhat flattened, almost or quite glabrous, much longer than the nut, 2-branched, the branches considerably shorter than the entire part ; nut obovate, biconvex, with 6-9 strong transverse ridges. Base of Bold Bluff; Isdell, Charnley and Calder Rivers (W.V.F.). Stems 1-4in. high. Spikelets 3} lines long by 14 lines broad. Nuts 1 line long, shining brown. In moist grassy spots. Affinity, F acuminata, Vahl. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. OF: 98. 99), 100. 101. 102. 18 F. cardiocarpa F. v. M. Near Derby, Meda, Lennard and Isdell Rivers ; Sunday Island (W.V.F.). Stamens and style-branches 3 each. In dry sandy or black loamy soil. F. tetragona R. Br. Beagle Bay (Alex. Forrest) ; May, Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.) Style-branches 3. In sandy soil. F. aestivalis, Vahl. Denham and King Rivers (W.V.F.). In moist black soil. Ff. diphylla Vahl. Hillgrove Station, King River (W.V.F.). A hirsute form attaining w height of over 3ft.; leaves often 2 lines broad. In wet sandy spots. F. denudata R. Br. Ord, Denham and King Rivers. (W.V.F.). In damp sandy spots. F. caespitosa R. Br. Lennard, Isdell and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). In rather dry sandy loam. F. capillaris Asa Gray. Western Australia (Drumm.) ; Blackwood River (W.V.F.). On damp grassy flats. F. miliacea Vahl. Near Derby ; Goody Goody, May, Meda, Lennard, Fitzroy, and Isdell Rivers. (W.V.F.). Leaves broader than those of the type. In sandy soil. F. ferruginea Vahl. Murchison River (Oldfield); Lennard, Ord, and Denham Rivers ; Sunday Island (\W.V.F.). In sandy soil. F. pterygosperma R. Br. Lennard, Fitzroy, Isdell, Charnley and Ord Rivers. (W.V.F.). In sandy spots. F. vara R. Br. Lennard, Isdell, Denham Rivers (W.V.F.). In moist sandy or black soil. 103. 104. 105. 106. 19 F. sphaerocephala Benth. Camden Harbour (J. Martin) ; Isdell River, Packhorse Range (W.V.F.) In moist sandy loam. F. capitata R. Br. Isdell River, Packhorse Range, east base of Bold Bluff (W.V.F.). Besides typical specimens, there are some with 1-3 pro- liferous branches. In moist sandy loam. F. oligocephala (W.V.F.) n. sp. An annual with hardly any rhizome ; stems tufted, somewhat compressed, striate, or obtusely angular, slender, glabrous or slightly scabrid upwards ; radical leaves linear, flaccid, glabrous, with short open sheaths, those on the lower portion of the stems reduced to obtuse sheathing scales, more or less barbellate at the orifices ; heads of spikelets depressed-globose, usually terminal, but the inflorescence often proliferous and emitting 1-2 short branches, each bearing heads similar to the primary one ; spikelets 5-10, 5-7 flowered, ovate, the subtending bract solitary, shorter than or equalling the spikelets, bordered upwards by membranous wings which terminate in divaricate obtuse lobes, the apex of the bract ending in a rigid obtuse point equalling the lobes; glumes loosely imbricated, 1-2 of the lower ones flowerless, carinate, the keel green, and very prominent and terminating in a short rigid mucro, the sides of a rich brown, nerveless, and terminating in 2 obtuse lobes beyond the mucro, hispid on the keel and sides, the margins ciliate with short white spreading hairs ; stamens 3, the anthers tipped with white globular appen- dages; style terete or slightly flattened, glabrous, 3-branched, the branches as long as the entire portion ; nut small, broadly-obovate, obtusely triangular, tubercu- late. Packhorse Range (W.V.F.). Stems 6-9in. high. Leaves 9in. long or less. Head of spike- lets fin. diam. Proliferous branches 4-lin. long. Spikelets 2 lines long, 14 line broad. Nuts greyish and shining. In moist sandy loam along the banks of creeks. Affinity to F. capitata, R. Br. F. quinquangularis Kunth. Lennard and Isdell Rivers. (W.Y.F.). In wet sandy spots. 20 107. F. solidifolia F. v. M. Derby ; Goody Goody, May, Meda, Lennard, Fitzroy, Hann Rivers (W.V.F.). On dry sandy rises. 108. F. microcarpa F. v. M. Goody Goody, May, Meda, Lennard, Fitzroy, and Ord Rivers (W.V.F.). On dry sandy rises. 109. F. barbata Benth. Dampier’s Archipelago (Walcott) N.W. coast (Alex. Forrest) ; Sunday Island ; Broome (W.V.F.). In sandy spots. 110. F. arthrostyloides (W.V.F.) n. sp. Rhizome thick and short, the roots woolly-tomentose ; stems leafless and densely tufted, erect, slender, 5-angled, very scabrous, with scattered setulose bristles; sheathing scales bristly-hairy, the basilar ones membranous, broadly lanceolate, terminating in short subulate points ; cauline sheaths near the base, few, terminating in filiform points of fin. or less in length ; spikelets 1-flowered, 1 to several, sessile in a terminal head, each spikelet ovate, glabrous or slightly pubescent ; outer bracts several, 2 quite or nearly as long as the spikelets, laneeclate subulate, mar- gined by long bristly hairs, those subtending each spikelet gradually passing into the glumes ; glumes 3-4 only ; inner flowering glume conspicuously keeled, obscurely 5-7 nerved, ovate-lanceolate, the 2nd the longest, the others gradually smaller, lanceolate, acute, keeled, obscurely 7-nerved ; flowers hermaphrodite, stamens 3; filaments short ; anthers linear terminating in almost acute white tips ; style compressed, glabrous, much thickened at the base, conspicuously articulate on the nut and deciduous at the articulation after flowering; style-branches 3, recurved, simply stigmatic or slightly plumose, as long as or slightly longer than the entire portion of the style ; nut ovate, globose, obtusely triangular, on a short thick stipes, tuberculate. Artesian Range (W.V.F.). Stems 1}-2ft. high. Sheathing scales reddish-brown. Spikelets 3-4 lines long, brown. Anthers nearly 2 lines long, yellow. Nuts above 1 line long, white. Among sandstone and quartzite rocks. The species is separ- ated from Section Abildgaardia of Fimbristylis by the ape acid spikelets. It closely approaches Arthrostylis, . Br. 21 Crosslandia (W.V.F.) n. gen. Flowers monoecious. Male spikelets capitate, on filiform stems. Glumes imbricate, all flowering. Female spike- lets solitary or in twos or threes at the base of the leaves. Glumes few, slightly imbricate. No hypogynous bristles. Nut and style as in Fimbristylis. Stems leafy at the base. Differs from Fimbristylis in the spikelets being monoecious and in the position and structure of the female spikelets. This is named out of compliment of Mr. Charles Crossland, who was in charge of the Trigonometrical Survey Expeli- tion to Kimberley in 1905, of which the author was a member. lll. GC. setifolia (W.V.F.) n. sp. A tufted annual with a short stock ; stems several, filiform, almost terete, suleate, scabrous upwards, bearing a de- pressed-globular head of male-spikelets, the head sub- tended by 8 or more narrow-lanceolate rigid bracts, the outer generally strongly tri-nerved, and 1-2 usually ex- ceeding the spikelets; leaves numerous, radical, sur- rounding but not adherent to the stems, setaceous, rather rigid. almost half the length of the stems, scabrous, with short, broad, striate, open, hyaline, margined sheaths, those on the stems reduced to 1-2 open mucronate sheaths, the radical female spikelets very numerous and imparting to the stock a bulbous appearance ; male spikelets 10-12, rather closely packed, glumes 8-10, all flowering, boat- shaped. with a prominent green keel which terminates in a short mucro, sides thin, pale-brown, minutely scabrous ; stamens 3, or in the upper flowers, 2 only ; ovary and style rudimentary ; female spikelets 3 or fewer together, closely sessile outside or slightly intermixed with and always at the base of the leaves ; spikelets 2-5 flowered, much nar- rower upwards ; glumes, excepting the lowest short one, all containing flowers, narrow, membranous with prominent greenish middle, ending in long hair-like points, finely hirsute, style filiform, glabrous, or slightly silky, the branches 3, occasionally 4, as long as the entire portion ; base of the style pyramidal-triangular, articulate on the ovary, nut narrow-obovate, not compressed, with 3-4 conspicuous longitudinal ribs hispid and densely minutely tuberculate. Goody Goody, 9 miles from Derby (W.V.F.). Stems 3-8in. high. Leaves 1}-4ins. long. Male-spikelets 3 lines long, 1}in. broad. Female spikelets }-}in. long, and comparatively narrow. Style jin. long. Nuts 1 line long, brown. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 22 In dry sandy spots. The plant bears a close resemblance to some of the capitate Schoeni. The long membraneous glumes of the female flowers, along with the protruding style branches, cause the leaves to appear as if surrounded by bracts with reddish filamentose apices. Scirpus isdellensis (W.V.F.) n. sp. Roots fibrous or shortly creeping ; stems filiform, floating in water ; leaves reduced to a solitary sheathing scale at the base of the stem; spikelets 2, each 2-3 flowered, but usually perfectly only 1 nut, subterminal (the stem ter- minating in a glume-like point much shorter than the spikelets) ; spikelets narrow-ovate ; glumes obtuse, keels prominent and green, the sides not striate and varying from a pale brown to a dark reddish brown ; hypogynous bristles 6, unequal, the longest about as long as the nut, retrorsely scabrid ; nut nearly as long as the glume, obo- vate, minutely striate, prominently 3-angled, terminal callosity much thickened and prominent ; style-branches 3, free almost to the base ; stamens 2 ; anthers apiculate. Upper Isdell River (W.V.F.). Stems 2, 6ins. long. Spikelets mostly under 1 line long. Nuts brownish. Always in running water. Affinity. S. riparius. Sprengel. S. erectus Poiret. Isdell, Charnley, Calder, Lennard Rivers. (W.V.F.) In damp spots. The S. debilis Pursh. S. supinus L. Fortescue River (J. Forrest) ; Fitzroy, Hann and Isdell Rivers. (W.V.F.). In moist sandy spots. Var. wninodis, Benth. (not so indicated in Flora Australiensis, J.H.M. Presumably after Scéirpus wninodis Boiss. J.H.M.) Lennard, Isdell, Charnley, and Calder Rivers (W.V.F.). In wet sand. S. articulatus L. Isdell, Charnley and Calder Rivers. (W.V.F.) In muddy spots. S. mucronatus L. Isdell and Charnley Rivers. (W.V.IF.) In wet sandy soil. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 23 Lipocarpha microcephala R. Br. Fortescue River (J. Forrest) ; Lennard, Isdell and King Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. Fuirena glomerata Lamarck. Isdell and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). In wet spots. Rhynchospora affinis (W.V.F.) n. sp. An annual, stems 1-3 together, rather stout, trigonous and striate ; leaves nearly all basal, narrow, with loose open, glabrous or scarcely ciliate sheaths, the inner with a closed sheath, the laminae often longer than the stem ; spikelets numerous, capitate, involucral bracts spreading, narrow, all with dilated ciliate bases; spikelets very narrow and almost acute, 2-3 outer glumes much shorter and powerless ; hypogynous bristles six, three nearly equalling the glume and three somewhat shorter, all much longer than the nut, scabrid with upward pointing teeth ; nut narrow-oblong, biconvex, beak half the length of the nut, narrow-conical, the broad base not contracted nor decurrent along the margins of the nut. Base of Inglis’ Gap, King Leopold Ranges. (W.V.F.). Stems 4-8ins. high. Heads of spikelets #in. diameter. In- volucral bracts 3in. or less in length. Spikelets 5 lines long, pale-shining brown. In moist grassy spots. Affinity. RR. longisetis R. Br. Schoenus faleatus R. Br. Isdell, Sprigg and Charnley Rivers (W.V-F.). In sandy soil among sandstone and quartzite rocks. S. punctatus, R. Br. Isdell and Charnley Rivers. (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. Scleria rugosa R. Br. Packhorse Range ; Isdell River (W.V.F.). In dry sandy spots. S. Brownii Kunth. Artesian and Fdkins Ranges; Isdell, Charnley and Calder Rivers. (W.V.F.). In sandy soil and in the clefts of sandstone and quartzite rocks. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. a4 PRINCIPES. PALM. Livistona Alfredi F. v. M. Millstream, Fortescue River (Alex. Forrest) ; Mts. Herbert, Broome, Leake and Barnett ; Isdell, Harris and Phillips Ranges ; hills near the junction of Hann and Barnett Rivers (W.V.F.). Trunk 40-60ft. in height ; diameter, lft. The ‘“Fan-paln” or ‘“ Cabbage-palm” of Kimberley. Among sandstone and quartzite rocks. F. 8. Brockman and J. Bradshaw have reported the existence of another species between Wyndham and the West coast. The trunk is never above 10ft. in height. It is probably identical with Z. Leichhardtii, F. v. M. SPATHIFLOR. ARACEs. Typhonium angustilobium, F. v. M. King Sound District (Froggatt) ; Lennard River, near Inglis’ Gap, King Leopold Ranges. (W.V.F.). In good soil, in damp depressions. LEMNACE:. Lemna trisulea, L. Ord and Denham Rivers and lagoons in their vicinity ; Parry’s Creek (W.V.F.). FARINOSAE. Flagellarid indica L. East of Oscar Range (Alex. Forrest) ; Prince Regent’s River (J. Bradshaw and Allen) ; Sunday Island, Point Cunning- ham, Cygnet Bay, Swan Point (W.V.F.). Climbing to 30ft. ; flowers pale yellow, fruits red. The aborigines use the stems for many purposes in lieu of bamboos. CENTROLEPIDAEZ. Centrolepis Banksii Roem. et Schult. Isdell and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). A small form growing in wet spots. C. exserta Roem. et Schult. Isdell, Charnley, Calder and Sprigg Rivers ; north-hase of Bold Bluff (W.V.F.). Bracts hispid with long white spreading hairs ; scales longer than the bracts ; edges of the bracts, the filaments, and styles scarlet. In wet soil. 130. 131. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 25 XYRIDACEA. Xyris complanata, R. Br. N. W. coast (Alex. Forrest) ; north base of Bold Bluff ; Isdell and King Rivers ; Dillen’s Springs (W.V.F.). Cespitose, in wet spots. Flowers yellow. X. pauciflora Willd. Upper Isdell River, Charnley River (W.V.F.). Leaves broad. In wet soil. ERIOCAULACE-E. Eriocaulon quinquangulare L. Isdell and Adcock Rivers (W.V.F.). In wet spots. Originally recorded as indigenous in Australia on a solitary specimen found at Keckwich Springs, in the Northern Territory. #. nigricans R. Br. Isdell River, Bell Creek, Inglis’ Gap (W.V.F.). In damp spots. E. cinereum R. Br. Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In moist sandy soil. #. setaceum L. Woodhouse River (J. Bradshaw and Allen) ; Woollybutt Creek, base of Mt. Rason, Artesian and Edkins Ranges, Isdell, Charnley, and Calder Rivers (W.V.F.). In running water. COMMELINACE.E. Cartonema spicatum R. Br. Woodhouse and Carson Rivers (J. Bradshaw and Allen) ; Isdell River, Woollybutt Creek (W.V.F.). On grassy plains. PONTEDERIACE. Monochoria cyanea F. v. M. King Sound District (Froggatt); in lagoons (billabongs), alongside of Lennard, Fitzroy, Barker, Isdell, and Adocck Rivers; bases of Mts. House and Clifton (W.V.F.). Rooting in mud ; stems floating for many feet ; flowers bright blue. PHILYDRACE. Philydrum lanuginosum Banks. Isdell, Charnley, and Calder Rivers (W.V.F.). In and alongside still water. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 26 LILIIFLORZ. JUNCACEL. Xerofes elongata Benth. Isdell River, base of Table-top Mountain, base of Mts. Rason and Daglish, Calder River (W.V.F.). Czespitose ; flowers yellow. In sandy soil. LILIACE 4s. Rhipogonum album R. Br. Charnley River, Artesian and Edkins Ranges (W.V.F.). Among sandstone and quartzite rocks. Dianella ecerulea Sims. Upper Isdell River (W.V.F.). Cespitose in sandy soil. Iphigenia indica Kunth. Summit of Mt. Rason (W.V.F.). Bulbous. Among quartzite rocks. Thysanotus chrysantherus F. v. M. Durack River (J. Bradshaw and Allen); north base of Bold Bluff, Isdell, Charnley, Calder and Barnett Rivers (W.V.F.). Roots thickened, scarcely or not tuberous ; flowers bluish-red ; seeds black ; shining and pitted. In moist grassy spots. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Of rambling habit or climbing many feet. HAMODORACE#. Haemodorum longifolium W.V.F. n. sp. Rootstock bulb-like, with thick woolly-tomentose roots ; stems stout, usually tall, branched from about the middle ; leaves long-linear, rigid, somewhat glaucous, with long open sheaths, the lamine flat, obtuse, with numerous striations, the stem-leaves gradually shorter; panicle large, with spreading branches, the ultimate ones bearing loose few-flowered racemes; bracts and bracteoles sub- acute ; outer segments of the perianth broad to narrow- lanceolate, obtuse, rather thick, the inner ones oblong- lanceolate and one-eighth or less longer than the outer ; stamens equalling the outer perianth-segments, the anthers as long as the filaments ; ovary inferior, capsule half-superior, conspicuously didymous. Upper Isdell River, near Synnott Range, Dillen’s Springs (W.V.FE.). 146. 147. 148. 149. 27 Plant 2-4ft. in height. Leaves from 24 to above 34ft. long. Bracts and bracteoles 14-2 lines long. Pedicels 2-2} lines long. Perianth 2-24 lines long, dark-red. Capsule above fin. in diameter. In moist sandy loam. Affinity, H. coccineum R. Br. H. flaviflorum W.V.F. n. sp. Stems form a thickened base, branched from about the middle or above ;_ basal leaves linear-terete, striate, frequently longer than the stem, upper ones very few and short ; inflorescence a loose few-branched panicle, the ultimate slender branches terminating in loosely flowered racemes ; bracts and bracteoles obtuse or subacute; perianths yellow, occasionally greenish-yellow, all on short pedicels, the outer segments oblong-lanceolate, the inner narrower, all obtuse and of equal length ; stamens as long as the perianth, the anthers equalling the filaments; ovary half-superior. Edkins Range (W.V.F.). Total height of plant 2ft. or less. Leaves 2$ft. long or shorter. Racemes 1-2in. long. Bracts and bracteoles mostly about 2 lines long. Perianths 2 lines long. Capsule not seen. In sandy loam. Affinity, H. parviflorum Benth. H. parviflorum Benth. Brunswick Bay (A. Cunn.); near Derby, Goody Goody, Sunday Island (W.V.F.). Lower leaves longer than the scapes ; flowers scarcely 14 lines long, dark-purple ; stamens as long as the perianth- segments. In damp sandy spots. AMARYLLIDACEA. Crinum asiaticum L. King River (W.V.F.). In wet soil. MICROSPERMA, ORCHIDACE. Cymbidium canaliculatum R. Br. Epiphytal on various species of Eucalyptus, especially E. clavigera, A. Cunn. Sepals greenish-yellow without, yellow on the margins, very dark-red within; petals greenish-yellow, saturated with very dark-red; column pale-coloured, profusely streaked and blotched with reddish purple ; base of the labellum and two lateral lobes magenta, terminal lobe pale-yellow spotted with purple. Flowers sweetly scented. 28 150. Hulophia venosa Reichb. Bell Creek, and between it and King Leopold Ranges (W.V.F-.). Bulb sessile, large and white ; scapes erect, 14—3ft. (including the raceme), leafless but bearing several bract-like scales ; pedicels short, spreading, reflexed after flowering ; sepals brownish-yellow, purple striated ; petals similar in colour but broader and shorter; labellum greenish at the base with diverging purple streaks, gibbous, the margins raised and appearing as short lobes, the upper broad portion flat, with crenulated wavy margins and a recurved tip of a pale-purple, the median line of the lower half trifurcated from the base, and forming two lateral purple ridges, the median line in the upper half whitish and papillose. Among long grass in black boggy soil. DICOTYLEDONEZA. URTICALES. ULMACEAL. 151. Trema aspera Blume. Mt. Anderson, Grant Range, Fitzroy, Ord, Denham, and King Rivers (W.V.F.). From a shrub of 2—3ft. to a tree of 20ft., trunk to 8ft. ; diameter 6in.; bark grey, smooth ; timber pale and rather soft ; leaves from ovate and obtuse and under 2in. long to ovate- lanceolate, acuminate and above 24in. long ; fruits black. In sandy soil. 152. Celtis philippinensis Blanco. Shrub of 3ft. or a tree of 20ft. ; trunk to 8ft. ; diameter 6in. ; bark grey, smooth ; timber pale, close-grained and fairly hard. In rocky localities. MORACEE. 153. Fcus nesophila Miquel. A spreading tree of 40ft. and giving off adventitious roots ; trunk to 10ft. or more ; diameter above lft. ; bark grey, smooth ; timber pale and not hard ; fruits white. 154, F. puberula A. Cunn. Isdell, Sprigg, Charnley, Calder, Ord, Denham, and King Rivers ; Dillen’s Springs (W.V.F.). A tree of irregular straggling growth, giving off adventitious roots, from 25—40ft. high ; trank 5-6ft.; diameter 1ft. or more; bark grey or brownish, smooth ; timber pale, rather soft, but tough; fruits yellow. Grows usually in the crevices of quartzite and sandstone rocks, 29 155. F. hispida L. Brunswick Bay (A. Cunn.); Sprigg River, Synnott Range (W.V.F.). A spreading tree of 20ft.; trunk to 5-6ft.; diameter Qin. ; bark grey and slightly rough; timber pale and soft ; fruits yellowish, hispid. In wet sandy spots, always among quartzite and sandstone rocks. 156. F. coronulata F. v. M. East of Oscar Ranges (Alex. Forrest); Lennard, Fitzroy, Barber, Isdell, Charnley, and Ord Rivers (W.V.F.). A bushy tree of 40-50ft.; trunk to 25ft.; diameter 1-1}ft.; bark grey, smooth; timber pale and rather close grained. On the banks of streams. 157. FF. leucotricha Miquel. Isdell, Charnley, Calder, Denham, and King Rivers; Pack- horse, Isdell, Synnott, Artesian, Edkins, and Harding Ranges, Dillen’s Springs (W.V.F.). A tree of 30ft., giving off adventitious roots; bark grey, smooth ; timber pale and rather soft; fruits yellowish, hairy. Among sandstone and quartzite rocks. 158. F. aspera Forster. Goose Hill, near Ord River (W.V.F.). A tree to 40ft.; trunk 10ft.; diameter lft. or more; bark greyish or whitish, smooth; timber pale and rather firm ; fruits yellowish. In sandy loam. 159. F. glomerata Roxb. Lennard, Fitzroy, Adcock, Barker, Isdell, Charnley, Calder, Ord, and Denham Rivers; Eudialla Springs (W.V.F.). A tree of 60ft. ; trunk 30ft. ; diameter 14—2ft. ; bark greyish, smooth or rough ; timber pale and not very hard ; fruits orange-red, in pedunculate clusters on the trunk and usually infested with green ants. Along the muddy banks of streams and springs. URTICACEA. 160. Pouzolsia indica Gaudich. King Sound District (Froggatt) ; May, Meda, Lennard, Fitzroy, Barker and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy and muddy spots. PROTEALES. PROTEACEA. 161. Stenocarpus saligna R. Br. Near Bell Creek; between Bell Creek and King Leopold Ranges (W.V.F.). 162. 163. 164. 30 A tree of 30ft.; trunk to 10ft.; diameter 9in. ; bark greyish and rather rugose; timber reddish and not very hard. Also the variety concolor. S. Cunninghamii R. Br. From a long bushy shrub to a tree of 30ft.; trunk 10ft.; diameter 9in.; bark greyish, smooth or slightly rough ; timber reddish and rather tough; flowers yellow or greenish-yellow, full of nectar and of a sickly sweet odour. Among sandstone quartzite rocks, frequently in their crevices. In juvenile plants the leaves are bipinnate, occasionally pinnate, with numerous linear mucronate segments. Grevillea mimosoides R. Br. A tall shrub to a tree of 30ft. ; trunk to 12ft. ; diameter under lft. ; bark dark-coloured, rough and irregularly fissured ; timber reddish, free-grained and rather hard; leaves ash-coloured, flowers yellowish-white. In the Flora Aus- traliensis the following occurs in the description of this species :—‘“‘ Pedicels 4-1 inch.” This should read ‘* Pedicels 4-1 line.” G. miniata (W.V.F.). n. sp. An erect, graceful looking shrub. the branches and branchlets terete and along with the leaves invested with a short close white-woolly or velvety tomentum, the young shoots ferruginous ; leaves on stout petioles, ovate to almost orbicular, obtuse or nearly truncate, the base cuneate, much undulate and margined by conspicuous _ prickly teeth, the midrib prominent, much reticulate between ; flowers in dense secund reflexed axillary racemes, solitary or occasionally several together, and then forming short panicles ; peduncles, pedicels and rachises densely silky villous ; perianth orange red. with a pink spotted throat ; pubescent without, slightly bearded at the throat within, the tube broad and oblique, much inflated and revolute under the globular limb ; torus very oblique ; gland con- spicuous, horse-shoe shaped ; ovary glabrous, on a very short glabrous stipes on the upper margin ; style hispid, broad and compressed, longer than the perianth, the stigmatic disc orbicular; fruit ovate-globose, smooth, rounded at the summit, the persistent base of the style lateral ; seeds oblong-ovate, edged with broad membranous margins. Slopes of Mt. Leake, Lady Forrest Range (WW.V.F.). Height 8-12ft. Leaves 2}-3}ins. long on petioles of tin. Racemes 2in. or less in length. Peduncles }—3in. Pedi- cels two lines long and slender. Perianths above three lines long. Style 34 lines long, the stigmatic disc 14 lines in diameter. 31 Fruits 5 lines long. Among quartzite rocks. Affinity, G. angulata, R. Br. 165. G. heliosperma, R. Br. Prince Regent’s River (J. Bradshaw and Allen) ; Inglis’ Gap, King Leopold Ranges, Mounts House and Clifton ; Adcock, Isdell, Charnley, Calder Rivers, Synnott Range (W.V.F.). A shrub to a tree of 20ft.; trunk 5ft. or more; diameter 6in.; bark grey and rather rough; timber pinkish and fairly tough ; flowers flesh-coloured. In sandy soil. 166. G. heteroneura (W.V.F.) n. sp. Arborescent, the branchlets terete, finely silky-tomentose ; leaves pinnately divided into 3-5 segments, finely tomen- tose above, closely silky pubescent beneath, the entire cuneate bases very narrow and tapering into long petioles; segments of soft texture, long, linear with obtuse dark- coloured tips, margins slightly refracted, midrib evident on both pages, with three longitudinal nerves visible on each side of the midrib above, and only a single one on each side beneath; flowers in dense somewhat secund racemes ; several together and forming axillary or ter- minal simple or compound panicles, the primary and secondary rachises not very stout and almost glabrous ; pedicels slender, glabrous; perianth white tinged with yellow, glabrous without and nearly or quite so within ; the tube broad, much revolute under the globular limb ; torus very oblique, gland prominent, semi-cupular, slight- ly crenulated ; ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style slender, much longer than the perianth ; stigmatic dise obliquely lateral, slightly conical in the centre ; fruit broadly oblique, compressed. Summit of Table-top mountain (W.V.F.). Height 30ft.; trunk 15ft.; diameter scarcely Qin. ; bark dark grey, rough, and longitudinally fissured ; timber pale-coloured, and moderately hard. Leaves to nearly lft. long ; segments 7-10in. long, the entire base and petiole 3in. long. Infloresence:—Racemes 2-4in. long ; panicles 6in. to above lft. long. ; pedicels 14-2 lines ; perianth scarcely four lines long; ovary stipes nearly 1} lines long ; style #in. ; fruit above }in. long. In sandy soil. Affinity, G. polystachya, R. Br. 167. G. erythroclada (W.V.F.) n. sp. , Shrubby to arborescent, branchlets rather thick, reddish, the whole plant glabrous or the young buds ferruginous- tomentose ; leaves pinnate; segments 9-17, not rigid, often almost filiform ; terete or scarcely flattened, obtuse Y 32 or subacute, simple, excepting the lowest two, which are again divided into 2-4 segments, the veins concealed ; flowers small, numerous in erect racemes ; pedunculate and several together in a broad panicle usually exceeding the leaves; the primary and secondary rachises stout ; perianth white or greenish-yellow, the tube rather slender and slightly contracted beneath the reflexed globular limb, torus oblique, gland semi-annular, conspicuous ; ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style terete, with a rather broad terminal stigmatic cone ; fruit obliquely ovate, somewhat compressed, smooth and viscid; seed-wing broad and continuous all round. Upper Isdell and Hann Rivers (W.V.F.). Height to 30ft.; trunk to 10ft.; diameter 8in.; bark dark-coloured to somewhat reddish, rough, and longitudinally fissured; timber pinkish, and tough leaf; segments 4-lft. long ; racemes 3—-6in. long, the panicles frequently above 1Hft. long; pedicels 1 line; perianth 1% line long; ovary stipes 1-1} line; style scarcely above two lines long ; fruits fin. long. In moist sandy loam. Affinity, G. leucadendron A. Cunn. 168. G. leucadendron A. Cunn. Shrub to a tree of 30ft.; trunk 10ft.; diameter 10in.; bark dark-coloured, rough and longitudinally fissured ; timber whitish to reddish, and rather tough ; flowers white, in terminal panicles of a foot or more in length ; fruits covered with an almost liquid viscid substance. 169. G. pyramidalis A. Cunn. Prince Regent’s River (A. Cunn.) ; Lennard, Barker and Isdell Rivers, etc. (W.V.F.). In sandy loam. As surmised by Bentham in the Flora Australiensis, this proves to be only a short-leaved form of G. leucadendron A. Cunn. In the field they cannot be separated. 170. G. chrysodendron R. Br. A beautiful symmetrical tree to 50ft. in height ; trunk to 20ft.; diameter 2ft.; bark greyish, rough, and longitudinally fissured ; timber reddish, straight grained and not very hard, prettily grained ; flowers showy ; perianth brownish- yellow or greenish ; style orange-red with a yellow stigma. The flowers secrete abundance of nectar, which falls on the ground at night ; it affords food for numerous birds and insects. 33 171. @. dimidiata F. v. M. Careening Bay (A. Cunn.) ; Ord River (W.V.F.). A tree of 20ft.; trunk to 10ft.; diameter 9in.; bark greyish- brown, and moderately tough ; timber reddish, straight- grained, and not very hard ; flowers yellow ; fruits similar in shape, size, and viscidity to those of G. mimosoides R. Br., from which this species can only be readily separated when in flower. Allan Cunningham’s specimens are in leaf only and are therefore doubtful. 172. Hakea Cunninghamii R. Br. A tree 15-20ft.; trunk 10ft.; diameter lft.; bark dark-grey, rough, somewhat corky and longitudinally fissured, timber brownish and fairly close-grained ; flowers yellow. 173. H. lorea R. Br. A tree of 20ft.; trunk 8ft.; diameter 9-12in. ; bark dark-grey, 3-din. thick, rough, corky, deeply longitudinally fissured ; timber brownish, and not very hard, flowers yellow. The “ Cork-tree”’ of the West Australian Goldfields, where it is regarded as an indication of the existence of fresh water at shallow depths. 174. H. suberea 8. Moore is the western form of H. lorea, R. Br. 175. H. macrocarpa A. Cunn. A tree of 20ft.; trunk 9ft.; diameter 9in. ; bark dark-grey, very rugged, often corky, longitudinally fissured; timber brownish and fairly hard ; flowers usually on the old wood, white to greenish-white. 176. H. arborescens R. Br. A tree 20-30ft., trunk to 12ft., diameter lft., bark dark-grey or blackish, rough, thick, deeply longitudinally fissured ; timber brown and rather hard and tough ; flowers white or pink. 177. H. Morrisoniana (W.V.F.) n. sp. Aborescent ; young leaves sericeous ; leaves entire, long-linear, obtuse, much compressed but rather thick and rigid, of a greyish hue, veinless, with scarcely evident broad mid- ribs and somewhat thickened margins ; flowers numerous in shortly pedunculate racemes, either lateral on the old wood or axillary on the younger growth, solitary or several together, and often forming short panicles which are oceasionally terminal through leaf-suppression ; pedicels, rachises and perianths densely silky pubescent, the tomentum closely oppressed and short; perianth-tube slightly dilated at the base, revolute beneath the limb, torus oblique ; gland prominent, horseshoe-shaped ; ovary 178. 179. 180. 181. 34 glabrous, stipitate ; style glabrous, slightly compressed, the stigmatic disk oblique, with « prominent conical centre ; fruit smooth, obliquely ovate, terminating in a stout recurved beak. Banks of Hann River, between Mt. Caroline and the junction with Macnamara Creek (W.V.F.). Height 30-40ft., trunk to 20ft., diameter lft. or more ; bark dark-coloured., very thick, deeply olngitudinally fissured and corky. Timber dark brown, not very hard, straight- grained. Leaves half to above lft. long, 14 lines broad. Racemes 4 to #ft. long. Pedicels slender, 2-24 lines. Perianth }in. long, white. Ovary-stipes 14 line. Style above fin. Fruit above lin. long by a little more than Zin. broad ; beak at least tin. long. In moist sandy soil. Named in honour of the late Dr. A. Morrison, formerly Govern- ment Botanist of Western Australia. Affinity, H. lorea, R. Br. SANTALALES, SANTALACEE. Authobolus foveolatus F. v. M. Perianth lobes in both male and female flowers. three only : fruits smooth and greenish when ripe. Exocarpius latifolia R. Br. A shrub to a tree of 25ft. ; trunk 8—l0ft., diameter 9in., bark dark grey to almost black, rough, timber reddish, close- grained, with w faint sandalwood odour, flowers greenish- yellow, fruits red. OLACACEA. Opilia amentacea Roxb. York Sound (A. Cunn) ; Isdell, Charnley, Calder and Barker Rivers; Edkins Range, Dillen’s Springs (W.V.F.). An erect shrub of 8ft., branches pendulous, and somewhat flexuose ; flowers greenish-white, scented. LORANTHACE.®. Viscum articulatum Burm. Messmate Creek, Packhorse Range OWEAGE): Plant greenish-yellow, flowers greenish, fruits yellow. Parasitic on Buchanania oblongifolia (W.V.F.). According to Hooker fil., the specimens referred by Bentham to this species, in the Flora Australiensis belong to T’. japonicum Thunberg. 35 182. Loranthus ferruginiflorus (W.V.F.) n. sp. Branches long and pendulous ; the branchlets terete, glabrous or closely ferruginous-tomentose : leaves glabrous, oppo- site, lanceolate, obtuse, tapering into the petioles, rather firm and obscurely 3-5 nerved ; flowers on axillary pedu- nicles, each peduncle once-forked, each branch bearing two sessile or almost sessile flowers, the inflorescence and perianths closely ferruginous-tomentose ; bracts orbicular, almost entirely enveloping the calyces ; calyx-limb trun- cate or slightly repand ; buds clavate at the tips and dilated at the base to a greater diameter than the calyx ; corolla divided to the base, or almost so, into 5-segments ; anthers oblong-linear, adnate ; style angular, slender, the stigma not large ; fruit globose, 3-4 lines diameter, rusty- red. Mt. Rason, Broome, Sunday Island, Grant Range (W.V.F.) Leaves 4-8in. long, the petioles lin. or less. Peduncles }in., the branches somewhat shorter. Corolla red, the seg- ments about lin. long, Fruit 3-4 lines diameter. Parasitic on Hucalyptus sp. and H. clavigera (A. Cunn.) Affinity, L. pendulus Sieber and L. bifurcatus Benth. 183. JZ. signatus F. v. M. Lennard, Isdell, Charnley, and Calder Rivers ; Dillen’s Springs, Sunday Island (W.V.F.). Flowers greenish-red. 184, JL. biangulatus (W.V.F.) n. sp. Pendulous, quite glabrous and somewhat glaucous, the inter- nodes acutely two-angled or narrowly winged, widened upwards. Leaves opposite or subopposite, narrow to broed-lanceolate, obtuse, tapering to the bases, mostly vertical, the veins numerous, very oblique and reticulate between ; inflorescence an axillary rarely terminal dis- tinctly pedunculate raceme of usually five branches, each branch with three terminal closely sessile flowers ; buds slender, bract as large as the adnate portion of the calyx ; limb of the calyx rather broad, membranous, obscurely toothed, and half as long as the tubes ; corolla segments usually six, very narrow; anthers linear, adnate, much longer than the perianth segments; style slender, the stigma not broad ; fruit ovoid, brownish. Base of Mt. Broome ; Sprigg, Isdell, and Calder Rivers (W.V.F.). Leaves 4in. long or less. Corolla-segments #in. long, pale yellow to red in the lower half, green in the upper portion. Anthers green or greenish-yellow. Fruit above four lines long. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 36 Parasitic on Tristania suaveolens Smith, and Eugenia eucalyp- toides F. v. M. Affinity, DZ. signatus, F. v. M. LZ. longiflorus Desr. Goose Hill near Ord River (W.V.F.). Flowers yellow, stamens pink. LZ. acacioides (A. Cunn.). Leaves often whitish, flowers orange, or orange-red, fruits scarlet. Parasitic on Acacia flavescens, (A. Cunn.) and Cochlosperum heteronenum, F, v. M. POLYGONALES. POLYGONACEA. Polygonum minus Hudson. A form along the Jsdell and Barnett Rivers has the stems and branches prostate to 2—3ft., the shoots ascending. P. attenuatum R. Br. Hann River (W.V.F.). Stems erect, 1-2ft. ; flowers white. In muddy spots. P. lapathifolium L. Fortescue River (H. 8. Carey); Lennard, Isdell, Barnett, and Fitzroy Rivers, Wingrah Pass, Napier Range (W.V.F.). Stems creeping in mud and water for many feet; branches erect or ascending to 2ft.; perianths white. CENTROSPERMZ. CHENOPODIACEA. Chenopodium auricomum Lindley. Fitzroy River (W.V.F.). Erect, 3-6ft. high. ‘‘ Blue Bush.” In black boggy soil. Atriplex Muelleri Benth. Fortescue River (Alex. Forrest) ; Port Hedland (W.V.F.). In saline sandy soil. A. elachophyllum F. v. M. Broome (W.V.F.). In saline flats. Chenolea Muelleri Benth. Broome (W.V.F.). In damp saline soil. Salicornea cinerea F. v. M. Wyndham (W.V.F.). In muddy spots along the shores of Cambridge Gulf. 37 AMARANTACE. 195. Plilotus longistachyus W.V.F. on. sp. An erect annual, much branched from the base ; branches greenish striate and, as well as the foliage, scantily woolly- tomentose; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, tapering into rather short petioles, very much crisped ; flowers small, closely packed in long cylindrical spikes, which are shortly vedunculate, and form a large corymbose somewhat leafy panicle; bracts scarcely a quarter the length of the perianths ; ovate, acute, scarious, with rather prominent darker slightly woolly midribs ; bracteoles broadly ovate, mucronate, shining scarious, shorter than the bracts and along with them persistent on the woolly rhachis ; perianth- tube very short and densely invested with short articulate straight hairs; segments trinerved, invested without with long articulate straight hairs, glabrous within, the outer with obtuse bifid or trifid apices, the inner narrower and acute, all narrow-lanceolate ; staminal cup short, free, not surrounded by hairs, the truncate summit ciliate with slightly woolly articulate hairs; filaments very slender, unequal, all antheriferous ; ovary shortly stipi- tate, with a slender central style, the summit of the ovary and lower half of the style invested with long straight hairs, otherwise glabrous. Upper Isdell River; Mt. Anderson. (W.V.F.). Height 3-5ft. Leaves 1-2in. long. Spikes 3-9 in. long, about jin. diameter. Perianth 4in. long, the segments greenish with conspicuous glabrous pink tips. Among sandstone and quartzite rocks. Affinity, P. alopecuriodes, F. v. M. 196. P. astrolasius F. v. M. N.W. coast (A. Hughan); South of Fitzroy River (Mayo Logue). Among sand hills. 197. FP. Johnstonianus (W.V.F.). n. sp. Stems numerous, prominent or ascending, forming a thick per- ennial stock, quite glabrous; leaves linear to linear lanceolate, acute, gradually tapering into moderately long petioles; spikes pedunculate, somewhat obovoid, numerous and umbellate at the ends of short branchlets ; the whole inflorescence forming a dense panicle, bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, acute or shortly aristate, half as long as the perianth ; perianth surrounded at the base by a ring of short straight hairs ; segments free al- most from the base, the outer ones ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, the three inner ones narrower, nerved 38 and invested half way up with intricate wool ; staminal cup very short, the filiform filaments hardly dilated at the base and not very unequal; ovary glabrous ; seeds shining. Six miles N.E. of Mt. Eliza, Lennard River (W.V.F.). 198. 199. 200, 200. 203. 204. Stems 1-2ft. long. Leaves mostly 1}-2in. long. Peduncles 1-2 lines ; spikes about three linesin diameter ; panicles 2-3 in. in diameter. Perianths 24 lines long, the segments crimson edged with white, the wool and ovary crimson. Seeds dark brown. Named in memory of the late Mr. Harry F. Johnston, Surveyor General of Western Australia. In sandy loam. Affinity, P. spicatus, F. v. M. P. lanatus (A. Cunn). Cygnet Bay (W.V.F.) Segments trinerved, pale pink. In sandy soil. P. Macleayli F. v. M. Diffuse, much-branched, 2ft. high ; perianths white. P. brachyanthus F. v. M Derby ; Goody Goody (W.V.F.). Apparently an annual with scantily hairy stems and linear leaves. In sandy spots. P. humilis F. v. M. A Port Hedland form is somewhat woolly with prostrate or ascending stems of Ift.; inflorescence through leaf suppression becoming paniculate ; perianths white, scarce- ly two lines long. Alternanthera nana R. Br. Fortescue River (J. Forrest) ; Meda, May, Lennard, Barker, Fitzroy and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). Erect and much-branched from the base and, along with the leaves, often reddish-coloured and almost glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; perianths frequently slightly woolly. In sandy loams. A. augustifolia R. Br. May, Meda, Lennard, Fitzroy and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. A. nodiflora R. Br. Prostrate or procumbent to lft. ; perianths white. 208. 209. 211. 212. 39 A. decipiens Benth. King Sound District (Froggatt) ; Meda, Lennard, and Fitzroy Rivers. (W.V.F.). In sandy spots. Achyranthes aspera L. Erect, 2-4ft. high. A pest. Gomphrena canescens R. Br. A most variable species; 1-2ft. in height; flowers pink or white. A good fodder plant. G. parviflora Benth. Prince Regent’s River (.A. Cunn.) ; Upper Isdell River, Cygnet Bay (W.V.F.). The Isdell River plant has a thick fleshy fusiform tap-root, which is apparently perennial ; stems prostrate and much branched, 1-3ft. long. The Cygnet Bay examples are bushy, erect, canescent, lft. in height; leaves lanceo- late ; spikes mostly axillary. G. brachystylis F. v. M. Near Derby ; Meda, May, Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. PHYTOLACCACEA, Gyrostemon ramulosus Desfont. Diffuse or ascending and often under Ift. in height to a tall shrub or tree of 25ft. in height ; trunk 6ft., diameter 6in., bark grey, rough and corky ; timber pale, soft and light. AIZOACEAD (FICOIDE..) Sesuvvum portulacastrum L. Sunday Island (W.V.F.). Stems procumbent to 2ft. long ; flowers pinkish within. In saline spots. Trianthema turgiditolia F. v. M. Stems prostrate to ascending, 2-6in. long ; leaves succulent, thickly clavate ; ovary purple at the base. T. oxyealyptra F. v. M. King Sound District (Froggatt); Broome, Derby, Goody Goody ; May, Lennard. Fitzroy and Isdeli Rivers (W.V.F.). Stems prostrate or ascending. Gin. to 2ft. long; flowers white or pink. Mollugo spergula L. W. Australia (Drum.); Meda, Fitzroy, [sdell and Lennard Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy soil. 40 PORTULACACEA. 215. Portulaca tuberosa Roxb. A fibrous-rooted annual or a tap-rooted biennial or perennial ; stems loosely branched. 4$-1}ft. high; leaves 1-1#in. long ; petals din. long, bright yellow, styles 5-cleft. When growing in saline spots a tap-root is developed, and the plant ceases to be annual ; as inland districts are ap- proached this form gradually disappears and is replaced by a fibrous-rooted annual which constitutes the P. filifolia, F. v. M. The distinctions mentioned in the “Flora Australiensis”’ are not constant. 216. P. digyna F. v. M. Prince Regent’s River (J. Bradshaw and Allen), Lennard and Isdell Rivers. (W.V.F.). Stems prostrate, covering 6—12ins., and along with the branches and leaves redcoloured; leaves orbicular, thick and succulent ; flowers pink ; stamens often reduced to five. 217. P. bicolor F. v. M. Prostrate, forming patches 3-6in. across ; flowers yellow. 218. P. australis Endl. Prince Regent’s River (J. Bradshaw and Allen): Broome, Isdell River (W.V.F.). Flowers yellow. 219. Calandrinia strophiolata, F. v. M. Radical leaves terete, succulent, to 3in. long, those on the scapes above lin., pedicels 3 to above lin. long ; flowers 4-3in. across, reddish-purple; petals 10-12, narrew- spathulate, mucronate; stamens numerous, irregular ; anthers pale yellow or purplish ; styles five. In sandy soil. 220. C. quadrivalvis F. v. M. Yule and Sherlock Rivers (J. Forrest); Isdell River, near Grace’s Knob (W.V.F.). Usually of straggling habit but sometimes erect or ascending, flowers red. 221. OC. Tepperiana (W.V.F.) n. sp. A glabrous annual with a succulent, cylindrical tap-root, the stock surmounted by a dense tuft of terete fleshy leaves ; scapes erect and ascending, 1-6 or more arising from the leaves, leafless excepting 1-2 very small scarious scales ; flowers few, each on a slender pedicel and forming short racemes, rarely panicles, on the upper portion of the scape ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, scarious, sepals broadly ovate, mucronate-acute, very thin; petals 6-8, lanceolate ; filaments numerous, short ; anthers oblong ; 41 style divided to the base into four linear stigmatic lobes ; capsule ovoid, longer than the calyx, four-valved ; seeds numerous, smooth. May and Lennard Rivers (W.V.F.). Leaves 13 to above 2in. long. Scapes }-lft. high. Pedicels ljin. or less. Bracts 1 line long. Sepals two lines long. Petals 31-4 lines long, red. Anthers yellow. Seeds black and shining. In grassy sandy spots. The species is named in honour of Mr. J. G. O. Tepper, of South Australia. Affinity, C. uniflora, F. v. M. CARYOPHYLLACE A. 222. Polycarpaea longiflora F. v. M. Erect 1-14ft. ; flowers crimson and very showy. 223. P. Holtzei Maiden and Betche in Ewart and Davies’ “Flora of the Northern Territory,” 1917, p. 109. This species was recognised by Mr. Fitzgerald as new, and he gave it a name, but the MS. of Maiden and Betche’s species was in Prof. Ewart’s hands long before Mr. Maiden saw Mr. Fitzgerald’s description. The North- Western Australia localities given (loc. cit.) are, between the Gascoyne and Fortescue Rivers, (H. 8. King), King Sound (W. W. Froggatt); Mr. Fitzgerald’s localities are pase of Mt. Eliza, near Lennard River, Isdell and King Rivers; Mts. Barnett and Harris, Sunday Island (W.V.F.). 224, P. involucrata F. v. M. Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). On sandy and stony rises. RANALES. NYMPHECACE#. 225. Nymphaea gigantea Hook. Rootstock bulbous, the roots thick, white, eaten by aborigines ; flowers blue, the petals frequently less than lin. long. Found in Northern Australia generally. MENISPERMACE:. 226. Tinospora smilacina Benth. “Twines over the tops of shrubs and small trees. Flowers greenish-yellow ; fruits scarlet. Includes 7. Walcotti, F. v. M. Known along the Fitzroy and Lennard Rivers as “ Native Ivy.” 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 42 LAURACEA. Cassytha strigosa W.V.F., n. sp. Quite glabrous excepting the inflorescence ; stems filiform ; flowers distant, in simple slender spikes, the rhachis invested with rigid shining brown strigose hairs ; bracts ovate, as long as the outer perianth-segments ; scantily strigose ; outer segments of the perianth not half as long as the inner, scantily ciliate, the inner very broad and glabrous ; three outer stamens opposite the outer perianth- segments broad and petal-like ; ovary glabrous; fruit scantily strigose, many ribbed, ovoid, reddish-brown, the persistent perianth-lobes of a bright pink color. Eastern base of Mt. Broome (W.V.F.). Spikes 1-l}in. long. Perianths under ? line long, white. Fruits 2-24 lines long. Parasitic in shaded spots on low shrubs. Affinity, C. filiformis L. C. filiformis L. Broome, near Derby ; Meda, May, Lennard, Fitzroy, Isdell, Barker, Charnley, and Calder Rivers; Walcott Inlet (W.V.F.). A hirsute form. Flowers and fruits white. RHOEADALES. CAPPARIDACE. Cleome oxalidea F. v. M. Sturt’s Creek (W.V.F.) ; May and Lennard Rivers (W.V.F.). Scapes many from the one rhizome, filiform ; sepals 14 lines long, red; capsule to above l4in. long. In ironstone gravel. Gynandropsis Muelleri Benth. About 2ft. high, of straggling habit ; flowers yellow. Capparis lasiantha R. Br. Branches climbing many yards ; flowers white. C. nummularia DC. Petals white ; filaments pale to purple. C. umbellata R. Br. Careening Bay (A. Cunn.) ; near Wyndham, Ord and Denham Rivers, Swan Point (W.V.F.). A tall shrub or small tree supported by others ; 10-15ft. high ; trunk 4-5ft.; diameter 3-4in.; bark grey, smooth ; timber pale, rather soft but close-grained ; branches straggling, sometimes shortly climbing ; flowers white. Among sandstone and quartzite. 43 234. C. lucida R. Br. N.W. coast (A. Cunn.) ; H. 72, near Lennard River, Packhorse, Isdell, Synnott, Artesian, and Mdkins Ranges (W.V.F.). A tree of 20-30ft.; trunk 10ft.; diameter 1ft.; bark grey, thin, but rough and longitucinally fissured ; timber pale, moderately hard and close-yrained. On sandstone and quartzite elevations and in gorges. 235. OC. umbonata Lindley. Arborescent, 20-30ft. high ; trunk to 12ft. ; diameter 6—9in. ; bark grey, rough and irregularly fissured; timber pale and rather soft; branches pendulous, often glabrous, pedicels to above 2in. long ; petals and filaments white or pink ; fruits globular, occasionally above 2in. diameter, scented. On gravelly or grassy plains. The fruits are eaten by aborigines and are known throughout Kimberley as “‘Native Oranges.” CRUCIFERAs. 236. Cardamine eustylis F. v. M. Fitzroy and Lennard Rivers (W.V.F.). Valves of the pod l-nerved. On grassy flats. SARRACENIALES. DROSERACE. 237. Drosera indica L. Flowers white, pink or red with a darker centre. A North- Western form has the stems and leaves scarlet ; flowers dark-red or deep scarlet ; styles usually 4, bifid almost to the base. 238. D. Burmanni Vahl. Prince Regent’s River (A. Cunn.) ; Isdell, Sprigg, and Charnley Rivers ; Packhorse and Isdell Ranges (W.V.F.). Leaves rosulate, scarlet ; scapes to lft. high ; sepals papillose ; flowers purplish. Wet spots. 239. D. Banksii R. Br. Dingle Creek, base of Packhorse Range (W.V.F.) Flowers white. In wet soil. 240. D. petiolaris R. Br. Flowers white or reddish. This species is also in Papua. 241, Roebuck Bay (J. W. 0. Tepper), Lennard, Fitzroy, Hann, and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). Erect, few-branched, 1-2ft.; florets pale or purple. Sandy loam. Olearia aspera W.V.F., n. sp. Stems several, few to many branched, erect or ascending from a thick woody stock and along with the foliage rough from numerous short septate asperities; leaves hardly spreading, frequently appressed, linear or a few of the lower ones oblanceolate, usually mucronate, sessile, rigid, margins en- tire, revolute, the midrib conspicuous, gradually reduced upwards until they become small and bract-like at the base of the involucres; flower-buds terminating the branches and not distinetly pedunculate; involucre hemispherical, the bracts narrowly lanceolate, acute, ciliate, the inner ones gradually shorter; ray-florets about 15; disk florets numer- ous and but slightly exceeding the involucre; style-append- ages short, stout and obtuse; achenes silky-pubescent, those of the ray broad, much compressed, with thickened margins and usually a prominent rib on the inner face, those of the disk narrow terete, shortly stalked and apparently abor- tive; pappus-bristles of the ray-florets very numerous with a few shorter outer ones, of the disk florets similar but fewer, all scabrous. Packhorse and Edkins Ranges; between Isdell and Precipice Ranges; Mounts Brennan and Rason, Isdell River; Dillen’s Springs (W.V.F.). Stems to 2ft. in height but oftener much less. Leaves 4-3in. long. Involucres at least fin. diam. Ray florets blue or purplish. In sandy soil. The species very closely approaches Vittadinia. Affinity to O. ciliata F. v M. 650. 651. 602. 653. 654. 656. 120 V. seabra DC, Summit of Mount Rason, Artesian and Edkins Ranges (W.V.E.). A narrow-leaved form. In sandy soil. Blumea pungens W.V.F., n. sp. An erect rigidly-branched plant, the branches and foliage hirsute and very viscid; leaves rigid, lanceolate, pungent-pointed, broadly sessile, prominently veined beneath, the margins with distant pungent teeth; flower heads hemispherical, ter- minating bracteate peduncles and forming a large pyrami- dal panicle; involucral bracts numerous, linear, obtuse or subacute, glandular and often ciliate, the outer ones gradu- ally shorter, numerous in several rows and frequently squar- rose; outer filiform florets very numerous and longer than the style, the inner mostly few, five rarely four-lobed, with a 2-3 branched style; achenes terete, striate. silky-hairy. Vicinity of the Barker River (W.V.F.). Height 2-3ft. Leaves 1-2in. long. Flower-heads four lines long. Florets yellow. On granite hills. Affinity, readily distinguished from other species by the foli- age. B, Wightiana DC. Isdell River (W.V.F.). An erect strongly scented plant of 2-3ft.; florets purple. In black and sandy loam, Specimens of this plant were referred by Bentham in the Flora Australiensis to B. lacera DC., a species at present not found in Australia. B. integrifolia DC. Isdell, Ord, Denham. and King Rivers (W.Y.F.). Florets four-merous, yellow. Sandy loam. B, Cunninghamii DC. Careening and Vansittart Bays (A. Cunn.) Ord and Isdell Rivers; Dillen’s Springs (W.V.F.) Florets purple. In sandy and stony spots. B. laciniata DC. Isdell, Lennard, Hann, and Denham Rivers (W.V.F.). Erect, 2ft.; florets vellow. In sandy loam. B. prostrata W.V.F., n. sp. A perennial with a thick woody stock, the stems numerous, pros trate and often rooting at the nodes, along with the foliage and peduncles more or less pubescent and sometimes woolly in the leaf-axils; leaves ovate, obtuse, broadly sessile or semi-amplexicaul, margined with distant callous teeth; 657. 658. 659. 660. 661. 121 flower-heads few, almost hemispherical on slender terminal peduneles; involucral bracts linear, acute, the outer series not numerous, ciliate; filiform florets longer than the styles, about equal in number to the disk florets; disk florets five- toothed. the style branches rather short; achenes scantily silky-hairy. compressed. Isdell River (W.V.F.) Stems to 3ft. long. Leaves under lin. long. Flower-heads 3- 33 lines long. Florets yellow. In moist sandy loam. Pluchea tetranthera F. v M. Diffuse and much branched. 2-3ft. high. glandular and glabrous or slightly tomentose; florets white or reddish purple. This species has the appearance of Eremophila latifolia F. v M. Var, cinerea (W.V.F.), n. var. Isdell River (W.V.F.). A hoary-tomentose bushy shrub of 3ft. in height; involucres ovoid. viseid-tomentose; outer short bracts broadly ovate. the inner narrower and longer; florets purple. with few or no filiform ones. In sandy soil. Tar. tomentosa F. v AM. Cane, Fortescue, and Ashburton Rivers (J. & A. Forrest), Len- nard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). Bushy, 2ft. high; florets reddish. P. odorus Benth. Ord River (Alex. Forrest); near Derby, Goody Goody, Meda, and Lennard Rivers, Sunday Island (W.V.F.). Of shrubby habit and much branched, reaching a height of 3ft.; florets reddish-purple. P. macrocephalus Benth. Roebuck Bay (J. W. O. Tepper) Nine Mile Range, from Wynd- ham; Ord River (W.V.F.). A perennial of 2-3ft. in height; ray-florets pale-coloured. In sandy soil. P. adscendens Benth. Cygnet Bay (W.V.F.). Florets white. On damp saline flats. Epaltes australis Lessing. Isdell, Barnett, and Charnley Rivers (W.V.F.). A Myriogyne-tike plant with greenish-yellow flowers. Sphaeranthus indicus L. King Sound district (Froggatt), Fitzroy. Lennard, Barker, Tsdell, Adcock, Barnett, Hann, Charnley, and Calder Rivers; bases of Mounts House, Clifton, and Hamilton (W.V-F.). 122 Erect, strongly scented, 9-12in. high; florets purple. In damp spots. This includes the G. hirtus Willd. of the Flora Aus- traliensis, 663. S. africanus L. North-West Coast (A. Cunn.) Calder River and Walcott Inlet (W.V.F.). In damp soil. Includes the G. microcephalus of the Flora Aus- traliensis. 664. Spilanthes grandiflorum Turez. Isdell River (W.V.F.). On grassy black soil plains. 665. Pterocaulon sphacelatus Benth. et Hook. Erect, or scantily branched, 1-3ft. high; florets white to purple. 666. P. verbascifolius Benth. et Hook. Glenelg River (J. Martin) Lennard River; near Inglis’ Gap, King Leopold Ranges (W.V.F.). Erect, 2ft.; florets purple. In sandy soil overlying granite rocks. 667. P. glandulosus Benth. et Hook. Yule River (J. Forrest) Adcock River; bases of Mounts Her- bert, House, and Clifton (W.V.F.). Stems erect, about 2ft.; branching, several from the same stock; clusters of flower-heads sometimes 2in. long, always viscid; florets white. In sandy soil. 668. P. globuliforus W.V.F., n. sp. A much spreading shrub, with the branches closely white-tomen- tose; leaves ovate, obtuse, of thin texture, margined with distant small teeth, green and finely tomentose above, densely white-tumentose beneath, each contracted into a short petiole and long decurrent in narrow entire wings; clusters of flower-heads globose, distant, leaf-opposed or axillary and closely sessile; bracts of the common receptacle short, linear to linear-spathulate, densely woolly-tomentose, those of the partial involucures linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, scarious, about twice as long as those of the recep- tacle; ray-florets 12-15; disk-florets solitary; style-lobes subulate; pappus bristles scabrous; achenes slightly com- pressed, finely silky-hairy. Wingrah Pass, Napier Range (W.V.F.). Height 2ft. Leaves mosfly 1-l3in. long. Clusters of flower- heads 4-5 lines diameter. Florets white. Among limestone rocks. Affinity to P. sphacelutus Benth. et Hook. 669, 670. 671. 672. 674. 675. 676. 123 Gnaphalium indicum L. King Sound (Froggatt), near Derby (W.V.F.). In saline spots. Helichrysum apiculatum DC. A narrow-leaved form along the Isdell River, near Grace’s Knob, and also near the Charnley River, North-West Aus- tralia. Eriochlamys knappii F. v M. Fortescue, Lyons, and Upper Ashburton Rivers (H. S. King); Mount Magnet and Cue (W.V.F.); Cue (C. Andrews). In ferruginous sandy loams. Siegesbeckia orientalis L. Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.F.). In sandy loams. Wedelia asperrima Benth. King Sound distriet (Froggatt), Lennard and Isdell Rivers (W.V.E.). Erect, 1-2ft.; florets yellow. In sandy loams. Bidens pilosus L. Meda, May, Lennard, Barker, Richenda, Fitzroy, Adcock, Hann, Barnett, Isdell, Charnley, and Calder Rivers; Bell, Station, Manning, and Synnott Creeks (W.V.F.). Often 4ft. high; ray-florets none. A pest in North-West Aus- tralia. Grows in good soil. B, bipinnatus L. Isdell River (W.V.F.). Florets yellow. In sandy loam. Glossogyne filifolia F. v M. Near Inglis’ Gap, King Leopold Ranges; Lennard River (W.V.F.). Erect, much-branched, 2-3ft. high; florets white. Among schis- tose rocks. By Authority: FRED. Wm. Simpson, Government Printer, Perth. ~ La Abel side Rk ert ereee A Aepenoe - ioe ene Peak ; aie ; 4 ae . , males mean arse cabab 5 hd ye eas eae Nn ny ne G a oe } See nota SCRA etait c Va a BE PS Pat eo my bey ‘ Ha sae aa ee Y Se i ‘sat . i i h ery ae pereeuaees Pas ; Sup "J * | ih ee ee ey bap eee i sd : tf her ae Serr ties Lor jee : } mor aiaoa tr sina Sie aeons oat ; Lt } : atts aan ie iC va os t eee + 2 Bs fl y ’ Fis) : 4 ; PROS ie | . , a Ml ONO f; ‘ ‘i Wares hpi)