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Cornell University Library
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BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE

SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND.

THE GIFT OF

HENRY W. SAGE

1891

ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY

NEw York STATE COLLEGES
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AGRICULTURE AND HuMAN ECOLOGY
AT
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
Cornell University Library
QK 307.M82 1898

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CYBELE HIBERNICA.
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“Hane varie gentes antiquo more sacrorum
Idzam vocitant matrem, Phrygiasque catervas
Dant comites, quia primum ex ollis finibus edunt
Per terrarum orbes fruges ceepisse creari.’’

Lucretius de Nat. Rerum, Lib. ii. 611.

During the summer months I used to perambulate in Company of
ingenious Men, both of the Clergy and Laity, to have ocular Demon-
stration of the Plants themselves in their native Soil, where Nature
regaled our Senses with her Gaiety and Garnishes, which makes some
Resemblance of the paradisiacal State.

Cates THRELKELD,

Synops. Stirp, Hibernicarum.

 

Printed at Tut University Press, Duddin.
PREFACE.

ce

For many years before his death in the spring of 1895, the publi-
cation of a new edition of Cybele Hibernica was kept steadily in view
by the surviving editor of the first edition, our valued friend, Alex-
ander Goodman More. So early as 1885, the Royal Irish Academy
had associated itself with the undertaking by granting hima sum of
fifty pounds for the preparation of a report on the Distribution of
Plants in Ireland, it being understood that this report should form
the groundwork of the new edition. When two years later he was
obliged by severe and long continued illness to resign the curatorship
of the Dublin Natural History Museum, it was hoped by all inte~
rested in Irish botany that health and strength might be granted
him to finish the onerous work he had taken in hand. But as time
passed, it became more and more perceptible that his failing bodily
powers were unequal to the task. The intervals of comparatively
good health which he enjoyed in his retirement enabled him, indeed,
to bring together a large mass of material, published and unpublished,
and to decide many doubtful points which his unrivalled judgment
peculiarly fitted him for dealing with. This material, with his
annotations, was embodied in an interleaved copy of the first edition,
to be presented in due course to the Royal Irish Academy and to
serve as the report which he had been commissioned by that body to
prepare. But beyond this point his flagging energies failed to carry
him ; and when he finally passed away from us, the work remained
sadly incomplete. He had taken steps, however, to ensure that his
undertaking should not die with him. He. had set apart private

funds to meet the expenses of publication, and left among his papers
b
vi PREFACE.

an expression of his wish that the present editors should take up and
complete the work which filled so large a place in his thoughts
towards the close of his life. Obedience to a wish so expressed
was for us a simple duty, and we undertook its discharge all the
more cheerfully, as we felt that the close intimacy which we had
enjoyed with our friend in his latter years had given us a fuller
acquaintance with his views than was possessed by other Irish
botanists.

In carrying on the work to its conclusion it has been our aim to
give full effect to these views so far as they are known to us. Out-
side the limits so set, we have freely exercised our own judgment,
with the result that several innovations have been introduced. As
some of these may give rise to unfavourable criticism, it seems only
just that we should mention them here, and accept full responsibility
for them. The more important of these new features, many of
which will be further explained in the Introduction, fall under nine
headings :—(1) Re-arrangement of the orders, genera, and species
in accordance with the sequence adopted in the ninth edition of the
London Catalogue, 1895 ; (2) Extension of the scope of the work so
as to include the Characee; (3) The use of Roman numerals to
denote the districts; (4) Reference to the soil-relations of plants
where well-marked ; (5) Systematic indication of the sources whence
previously published records are drawn; (6) Vertical ranges of all
species not distinctly lowland ; (7) Introduction of the more widely
current Irish plant-names; (8) The relegation to one comprehensive
appendix of all plants not entitled toa place in the body of the
work ; and (9) The inclusion in a single index of the scientific names,
synonyms and trivial names of all plants referred to. For the revi-
sion of the nomenclature, too, we accept responsibility, as well as
for the expansion and re-casting of the Introduction.

Some of these innovations, and notably that which deals with
the citation of previously published records, have added seriously to
the labour of digesting the large mass of material accumulated by
the researches of a whole generation of Irish botanists; and the
result has been to delay for upwards of two years the completion of
a work which could only be taken up in our leisure hours. But this
PREFACE. vii

delay has been rather advantageous than otherwise, since it has
enabled us with the ready help of some valued correspondents to
secure much further information, the need of which became apparent
only as the work went on.
In the first place, our thanks are due to Miss Frances UM. More,
for unwearied assistance in the preparation of this new edition. A
botanist of no mean attainments herself, she has been able to give
us material help in the examination of her brother’s books, manu-
scripts, and correspondence, while her general acquaintance with
his views has qualified her to make many suggestions of which -we
have not been slow to profit. For much additional information, as
to the range of plants in north-east Ireland, and for aid in clearing
up many obscure points in the botanical literature relating to that
district, we are indebted to Ur. S. A. Stewart, of Belfast, who has
at all times most cheerfully placed at our disposal his wide and
accurate knowledge of the northern flora. Plant lists kindly pre-
pared for us by Mrs. Leebody, of Londonderry, have been of much
service in extending the known northern range of many species. At
the opposite extremity of the island, in south-west Cork, valuable
assistance has been rendered us by a competent botanist, Ur. R. A.
Phillips, who has earned our warmest thanks by the unfailing zeal
and courtesy with which he has followed up the many troublesome
inquiries we have asked him to undertake. In the west, Miss
M. F. Jackson, of Lisloughrey, Cong, has kindly supplied us
with lists of plants observed chiefly round the head of Lough
Corrib, and with some notes on current Irish plant-names. The
labour of consulting and extracting from the earlier and less
accessible works on the Irish flora has been lightened for us by
Ur. C. B. Moffat’s friendly aid; the Rev. Wm. Colgan, of Inveran,
Tar-Connaught, has helped us in the determination of current Irish
plant-names; Ur. F. W. Moore, Director of the Glasnevin Botanic
Gardens, has freely placed at our disposal the manuscripts and
specimens of his father, the late Dr. David Moore; Dr. E. P. Wright,
Professor of Botany in Trinity College, Dublin, has kindly given us
facility of access to his botanical library, and supplied us with many
interesting references to specimens preserved in the extensive

b2
viii PREFACE.

herbarium under his control; while Dr. Z. Johnson has rendered us-
similar service in connection with the library and collections in his
keeping in the Dublin Science and Art Museum. For notes supplied
and for assistance given us in many other ways we are also indebted
to Ur. R. UM, Barrington, of Fassaroe ; to Sir F. W. Brady, Bart. ;
to Ur. F. W. Burbidge, curator of the Botanic Garden of Trinity
College, Dublin; to Mr. G. H. Carpenter, of the Science and Art
Museum ; to Miss U. Chearnley, of Cappoquin ; to the late Mr. F. £,
Currey, of Lismore; to the Rev. C.F. @ Arcy, of Ballymena; to
Ur. J. H. Davies, of Lisburn; to the Rev. W. W. Flemyng, of Port-
law, Waterford; to I. Michel Gandoger, of Arnas, Villefranche ;
to the Rev. 7. Hartley, of Borris, Carlow; to Mrs. I. E. Joyce, of
St. Cleran’s, Craughwell; to IMiss Kinahan and to Miss A. G.
Kinahan; to the Rev. H. W. Lett, of Aghaderg; to Miss Manders ;
to Ur. P. B. O'Kelly, of Ballyvaughan; to Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger ;
to Mr. R. P. Vowell, and to the Rev. C. H. Waddell, of
Saintfield.

Nor are our thanks exclusively due to Irish botanists. Assistance
in many ways has been given us by English correspondents as.
well. More especially are we under obligation to Ur. Arthur
Bennett, of Croydon, whose unwearied courtesy, under what we fear
must have been rather importunate demands on his leisure, we
cannot too warmly acknowledge. But for the information freely
supplied by him, and which he alone of all British botanists was in
‘a position to supply, it would have been impossible for us to
institute, on recent and trustworthy data, those comparisons on
various points between the English and Irish floras which we hope’
will be found to add to the interest of our Introduction. Mr. James
Britten, of the British Museum, has kindly given us extracts from
some of the earlier botanical works not readily accessible in Dublin,
and from the manuscripts of Robert Brown in his possession; the
Rev. E. S. Marshall has communicated to us some notes on the
flora of South Wexford; the Rev. W. Moyle Rogers has permitted
us to make use of many unpublished localities for the Irish Rubi; and
Messrs. H. and J. Groves have given us their assistance in deciding
some points of difficulty in the genera Callitriche and Zannichellia,
PREFACE. ix

and have enabled us to fill up from their unpublished notes several
gaps in the distribution of the Irish Characee. If we have suc-
ceeded in our endeavour to make this edition a full and accurate
guide to plant distribution in Ireland, no small share of that success
is due to the help of these valued correspondents, both English and
Trish.

A comparison of the first with the present edition of this work
‘will at once show how great an advance has been made in Irish
topographical botany within the last thirty years. Amongst the
influences which have contributed to this progress the foremost
place must be given to the unobtrusive encouragement and guidance
which was at all times freely given to the less experienced Irish
botanists by Alexander Goodman More. His efforts to stimulate the
younger generation of explorers were supported by the Royal Irish
Academy, whose grants in aid of the botanical survey of Ireland
were for the most part allocated in accordance with his views. By
means of these grants a series of exhaustive and trustworthy reports
on previously unexplored, or imperfectly explored, areas were
procured. The mountain groups of Magillicuddy’s Reeks, of the
Brandon peninsula, of Galway and Mayo, of the Galtees, the Com-
meraghs, the Knockmealdowns, Ben Bulben, and the Mournes; the
shores of Lough Erne, Lough Allen, Lough Ree, and the Shannon
estuary; the coasts of Waterford and Wexford; the islands of
Inishbofin, Rathlin, Lambay, and the Blaskets; all these have been
carefully surveyed under the Academy’s well-considered scheme.
And these researches have been largely supplemented of late by the
more purely voluntary labours of many botanists, British as well as
Irish, so that little is now wanting to complete our knowledge of
the distribution of our flora, at least in its wider aspects. The next
step in advance must be in the direction of a Topographical Botany
of Ireland on the lines of H. C. Watson’s work dealing with the
county distribution of plants in Great Britain; and such a work, we
are glad to know, has already been taken in hands by one who is
well qualified to bring it to a successful issue.

No attempt will be made here to estimate the precise share con-
tributed by each of many field-workers to the advance in Irish
x PREFACE.

botany which is marked by the publication of the present edition.
The broad results alone are of general interest; but it seems only
just that particular mention should be made of the services of
Henry C. Hart, who has done more to further our knowledge
of Irish plant distribution than any other explorer of recent
years.

In selecting from the large mass of records, many thousands in
number, on which the present edition is based, a steady endeavour
has been made to preserve the historical element while giving full
prominence to the results of modern research. The great majority
of the earlier records of unquestioned authority, dating chiefly from
about the beginning of the present century, have been retained,
but wherever possible each has been associated with a recent record
for the same locality. In all cases, and they are not few, where
such a revival of the older record has been effected, all the inter-
mediate records have been passed over, and a considerable conden-
sation of the matter has thus been brought about. At the same
time recourse has been had, throughout, to the original or earliest
records as distinguished from the numerous apparent confirmations
in later works, which are in reality nothing more than unavowed
quotations from the originals. In this way a still further condensa-
tion has been made, and the space so gained has been given up to
modern records showing the extension to new districts of the rarer
species. With many of the less rare plants this extension might
no doubt have been shown by simply inserting in its proper place
the number of the new district. But it has seemed preferable, even
at the risk of unduly expanding the text, to justify this extension
of range by definite records. And, indeed, in some instances
localities have been given in this edition for plants which were
considered by the authors of the original work as not sufficiently
rare to be so treated. One result of this procedure has been to
oblige us in some cases to base the claim of a species to a place in
a certain district on the naked statement in the first edition that it
had been found to ocenr there. But this failure of ours to discover
a definite district record for the plant must not be taken as throwing
the least doubt on the accuracy of the entry in the first edition,
PREFACE. xi

though it may, perhaps, be generally accepted as evidence of the
local rarity of the plant.

No lengthy list of plants added to the Irish flora can be pointed
to as the fruit of botanical research within the last quarter of a
century, the period which has elapsed since the publication of
Recent Additions to the Flora of Ireland. Neglecting numerous
segregate Brambles and Hawkweeds recently detected, the additions
to our phanerogamic flora number only the 18 species and sub-
species set forth in the following list, one-third of them more or
less open to suspicion of being introduced :—

Ranunculus tripartitus. Limosella aquatica. Potamogeton lanceolatus.
+Teesdalia nudicaulis. Utricularia neglecta. P. Zizii.

Epilobium alsinefolium. {Polygonum sagittifolium. Carex pauciflora.
t+@nanthe pimpinelloides. P. mite. C. aquatilis.
*Crepis biennis. {Sisyrinchium californicum C. rhynchophysa.

Scrophularia umbrosa. tJuncus tenuis. Poa palustris.

Within the same period the following six species of Characce
have been added to those known to occur in Ireland: Chara con-
nivens, C. contraria, C. denudata, C. canescens, Nitella Nordstetiana,
and WV. tenuissima.

This apparent gain is fully balanced, and indeed overbalanced,
by the exclusion of plants admitted to the first edition on evidence
which further inquiry has shown to be insufficient. It is rather in
the great extension of range given to the large majority of the rarer
species and in the increased recognition of the more critical plant-
forms that the results of the botanical activity of this period is
manifested. How great this extension of range has been, a com-
parison of the distribution tables in the two editions will at once
make evident, while the increased attention paid to critical forms
will appear from the frequent records for varieties to be found in
the text of the present edition.

In conclusion, we would impress on all who make use of this
book the necessity of first studying the explanatory sections of the
Introduction, a knowlege of which is essential to a right under-
standing of the text. While far from claiming immunity from
xii PREFACE,

error in the treatment of so complex a subject, we hope that the
pains which have been taken to secure accuracy may have succeeded
in making the work what we desire it to be, a trustworthy guide to
the topographical botany of our island, and a fitting memorial of
Alexander Goodman More.

NatHanret Conean.
Reeratp W. Scurry.

Dosim, August, 1898.
PREFACE

TO THE FIRST EDITION (1866).

—t ee

Iv explanation of the title which we have adopted, as the name of
Cybele may not, like that of Flora, be familar to our readers, it
will be well to premise that Cybele was worshipped formerly as the
goddess of the Karth in Asia. Her name was first introduced in
connexion with modern botany by Mr. H. C. Watson, who con-
sidered that it might appropriately express the distribution of
plants upon the Earth’s surface, and who accordingly employed it
as the title of his great work, ‘ Cybele Britannica.”

The present work originated in a desire to furnish not only
a revised list of the wild plants of Ireland, but also a classified
summary of their localities. Thirty years having now elapsed since
the publication of Mackay’s ‘‘ lora Hibernica,” within which
period many additions have been made to Irish Botany, many plants
have become better known, and the range of others has been
greatly extended. With the view of meeting the requirements
of Geographical Botany, we have endeavoured to arrange our
materials somewhat after the plan of Mr. Watson’s ‘ Cybele
Britannica” (whence our title); and thus we hope that the details
collected will be found methodized in such order as to be available
to those who study the range of plants, while the traveller will also
be able to use our book as a botanist’s guide through Ireland.
With three excellent and portable ‘‘ Floras ” in the hands of British
Botanists, it has been thought unnecessary to draw up fresh
descriptions of the Irish species; this would have too much
increased the bulk of our volume without adding to its usefulness.
xiv PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

And, as some additional species may be hereafter found in Ireland,
we believe that the use of some book containing descriptions of the
entire series of British plants will be found advantageous.

Our scope being thus limited, we have endeavoured to include, in
a compendious form, as much information respecting the localities
and range of Irish plants as can be given within a short compass.
On account of the fewness of the observations hitherto made on the
upper and lower limits of the elevation of plants, we have preferred
to reserve the complete details of this part of our subject for a
future edition. And here we would especially recommend this
interesting branch of study to those of our botanists who are in the
habit of spending a part of the summer in a mountainous district.
A rough estimate of the upper and lower limits may be made from
the Ordnance Survey map, on which the heights are carefully laid
down, but it is especially desired that careful observations of both
upper and lower limits be taken with the barometer (or sympieso-
meter) in each of our mountain districts separately, since this is the
only way to secure data for a just estimate of the influence of
climate on the upper and lower limits of plants, as the “zones”
and ‘‘regions” in Donegal must range to very different heights
from those in Kerry or the East of Ireland. We believe that little
is gained by the statement that a species descends to sea-level zn one
district, while it ascends to 3000 feet in another; it is only by
comparing both upper and lower limits in each different range of
hills, or at least in each of the chief groups that any useful results
can be expected. The elevation of many species is carefully noted
in the MS. catalogue of the Flora of the county of Londonderry,
drawn up under the directions of the officers of the former Ordnance
Survey of Ireland; and Dr. Dickie’s “‘ Flora of Ulster” is another
source from which we have frequently drawn—we can only regret
that more details were not given by so accurate and careful an
observer.

For the localities, we have endeavoured to lay the foundations
altogether afresh upon recent and reliable authority, having
received from numerous correspondents, some twenty tolerably
complete county lists. With these we have incorporated most of
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. XV

the stations given in the works of Threlkeld, K’Eogh, Browne,
Wade, and in the Floras of Lady Kane, Mackay, Power, Dickie,
and Tate. Reference has also been made to many detached papers,
and to private contributions which have been furhished from various
quarters. Feeling convinced that such is the only course by which
a reliable work can be produced, we have not hesitated to discard
many species considered as Irish, but respecting which we have not
succeeded in obtaining authentic information or specimens. By
this course, more is left open for the investigation of those observers
who may consent to assist in the preparation of a more complete
work, which we trust will yet be accomplished as the requirements
of science shall demand. It is to the botanists of Ireland that we
especially appeal; there is an ample field yet open in the explora-
tion of the flora of their native country; and if our book serves but
to mark one step in advance it will not have been compiled in
vain.

In every case of doubt no pains have been spared to try and
arrive at the truth, and we trust that our many correspondents will
accept our thankful acknowledgment for the unwearied courtesy
with which they have replied to close and troublesome inquiries.
To UM. Isaac Carroll, the well-known botanist of Cork ; to Professor
George Dickie, of Aberdeen; to the late Right Hon. J. Wynne, of
Hazelwood; to the Rev. Samuel Madden; to Mr. T. Chandlee; to
Mr. 8. A. Stewart, of Belfast; to Miss S. Grubb, of Clonmel; to
Mr. F. J. Foot, of the Geological Survey of Ireland; to Mr. John
Douglas; to the Rev. T. Warren, of Ennis; to. Mr. J. Morrison; to
Admiral Jones; to Professor Melville, of Galway ; to Mr. David Orr ;
to Mr. J. Sullivan, of the College, Cork (who jointly with the late
Professor E. Murphy, furnished a list of the plants of Cork county) ;
we are especially indebted for localities. From Professor C. C.
Babington, of Cambridge, and Mr. H. C. Watson we have received
assistance of various kinds. Our valued friends, Ur. W. Carruthers,
of the British Museum, and the Rev. W. W. Newbould, have con-
stantly aided us, both in the revision of our proof sheets and by
consulting the works of the earlier English botanists, not accessible
in Dublin; to Mr. Newbould we are further indebted for a
xvi PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

transcript of Dr. Patrick Browne’s catalogue. Mr. Uf. J. O'Kelly,
of Rochestown, has very kindly allowed us to consult an interleaved
copy of the “‘ Irish Flora,’ which formerly belonged to the late
Mr. John White, and contains many notes left by him. We are
bound especially to acknowledge our obligations to Dr. #. Perceval
Wright and Mr. W. Archer, who have given us the best of their
advice and support, both in planning and in carrying out this first
attempt at a Cybele Hibernica.

To the British Association for the advancement of Science our
thanks are due for a grant of £25 towards the publication of our
book; nor are we less grateful to the many friends whose subscrip-
tions have enabled us to bring out our work in a shorter time than
could have been otherwise accomplished.

All communications respecting the discovery of new localities
for rare species, or the occurrence of any plant in a district not
entered in our tables, together with observations on the mountain
altitudes of the different species will be most thankfully received
and acknowledged by

D. Moozs, or p
Atex. G. ‘More, } Glasnevin.
CONTENTS.

_—o

PAGE

List or tae Prrvcreat Booxs, Parzrs, MS8S., anp Herparta
RELATING To THE Frora or IRELAND, . . ; 5 xix

Intropuction :—

I. POSITION AND PHYSICAL FEATURES OF IRELAND, . XXXvii
II. CLIMATE, < ‘ i : ; 2 . &xxix
II. THE IRISH AND ENGLISH FLORAS COMPARED, . é xl
Iv. IRISH PLANTS NOT FOUND IN GREAT BRITAIN, . . xlvii
V. PREVALENT ORDERS IN THE IRISH FLORA, : ‘ lii
VI. PLANTS ENDEMIC IN IRELAND, . ; 2 ci lit
VII, TOPOGRAPHICAL GROUPS IN THE IRISH FLORA, . ‘ liv
VIII. IRISH BOTANICAL DISTRICTS, . : . ‘ lvi
IX. BOTANICAL MAP OF IRELAND, . ; ‘ : lxix
X. EXPLANATORY NOTES ON THE TEXT, ‘ i P lxx
Tastz or Distrrevrion ry tHE Disrricrs, - ‘ . lxxvii
Text :—RanvNcuLAcEm To CHABACEx, . ‘ . . 1-470
Appenprx:—Exciupep Sprcres, . F ; : » 471-520

Inprx, , : . i ; z : ‘ : ‘ 521
ERRATA.

Page 77, for I. aquifolium read I. Aquifolium,
», 825, at foot, omit 8. lawrina, entered inerror. See Appendix, p. 509.
», 875, insert VI. in District heading for P. heterophyllus,

», 489, for H. tunbrigense read H. tunbridgense.
ALPHABETICAL LIST

or THE

PRINCIPAL BOOKS, PAPERS, MSS., AND HERBARIA
RELATING TO THE FLORA OF IRELAND.
Quotations from the various papers, ete., are distinguished in the

body of this work by the contractions printed in italics on the right-
hand margin of this list.

 

Allin, Rev. Thomas:

Trish Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1871, p. 18.

Plants of Co. Cork.—Journ. of Bot. 1871, pp. 111 and 173......Allin 2872.

Trish Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1872, pp. 269 and 376.......... Allin 1872,

Plants of Co. Cork.—Journ. of Bot. 1878, pp. 49, 174, 207,
OND B80. . a eccc seen ececceee vents vesencscesscesecees s Allin £877,

Notes on the Flora of Cork.—Journ. of Bot. 1873, p. 196.

A new Trish locality. for Spiranthes romanzoviana.—Journ. of Bot. 1878,
p. 808.

Plants of Co. Cork.—Journ. of Bot. 1874, pp. 57 and 279....,.Allin 1874.

The Flowering Plants and Ferns of the County Cork. Weston~super-Mare,
1883. A flora of the county founded on Dr. Power’s Flora (1845) with
numerous new localities, contributed chiefly by the author and by Mr.
Isaac Carroll... .....0cc cece seen eee Sia ssaxatasaua eeanaeueia a .-.Allin’s Cork.

Anderson, T. : =
A: short account of the Flora around Clonmel.—Bot. Soc. Edin. Proc.,
reported in Bot. Gazette, vol. 111. p. 89. 1851.

Andrews, William :

Botanical Excursion in Clare and Kerry.—Dublin Nat. His. Soc. Proc.,
reported in Ann. ‘of Nat: His. vol. vr. p. 382, 1841.

Observations on the Botany of Great Aran Island.—Journ. of Bot. 1845,
p. 569.

Notice of Elymus européus at Mount Merrion, near Dublin.—Nat. His.
Rev. 0. 8. vol. 1. p. 156, 1854: Se ee See

Additions to the Irish Flora.—Nat. His. Rev. 0.8. vol. 1. p. 230, 1854.

Ferns of Killarney.—Nat. His. Rev. 0.8. vol. m1. p. 58, 1856.
XX INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Andrews, William—continued.
On the distinct habits of Hymenophyllum.—Nat. His. Rev. O.S. vol. v1.
p. 433, 1859.
On some Irish Saxifrages.—Dublin Nat, His. Soc. Proc. vol. vr. p. 84,
1871.

Annals of Natural History, London, 1889, etc.........-......Aan. Nat. His.

Anonymous, Annotations in MS. in the Cuvierian Society’s copy of Power's
_ Flora of Cork, giving many additional localities, with dates, for the rarer

* Cork plants..... ern erce te eceeececeeccs ee. Annot. in Flor. Cork.
Annotations in MS. in a copy of Threikeld’s Synopsis, preserved in the
library of R.I.A. Dublin, giving many ancient records of interest for the

rarer Irish plants...........+- set cil Sasteys «..Annot. in Threlkeld,

Babington, Professor C. C.:

List of Plants observed in Connemara, §c.—Loudon’s Mag. of Nat. His.
vol. 1x. p. 129, 1886 ............ ahs Share SiG Gee Orestesestetnta Babington 1836.

On the Botany of Pirie. —Mag: of Zool. & Bot. val r. p. 199, 1838.

On Spiranthes cernua.—Linnxan Soc. Trans. vol. x1x. p. 262.

On the Recent Additions to the Flora of Ireland.—Ann. of Nat. His. v1.
p. 328, 1841.

Hints towards a Cybele Hibernica. —Nat. His. Rev. 0. 8. vol. v1. p. 533,
1859.

Herbarium preserved at Cambridge.—The labels of the more interesting
Trish plants were transcribed by the late Professor Babington and the
late Thomas H. Corry into the latter’s copy of ‘Cybele Hibernica”’ for
use in the present edition....,..... SsaeawveN sees Babington in Herb.

Backhouse, James:

Monograph of the British Hieracia. York, 1856.........Backhouse 1856.
Baily, Miss:

The Irish Flora.—Dublin 1833. The first complete descriptive Flora of

Ireland, ‘the localities being contributed: by Mr. John White. Pub-

lished anonymously, but ascribed to Miss Baily (afterwards Lady

Kane) senha pene esse en eneeeees ooyaralerdravasiovarave gieeer tie cesveee edn. Flor.

Balfour, Professor J. H. :
Botanical Trip to Ireland.—Phytol. 0. 8. vol. rv. p. 1005, 1853.

Notes of an Excursion to Connemara in September, 1874,—Edin. Bot. Soc.
Trans. x11. p. 371, B75. ee ees eee eeeeee eter eee ee ee Balfour 1875.

Ball, John:
Botanical Notes of a Lown in Ireland.—Ann. of Nat. His. vol. um. ‘p. 28,
1839..... Jah ag OO sca Owrets

TEN O eta e eee rene ren eeenaee Ball 1839.
Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H.:

Clinopodium vulgare in Wexford.—Journ. of Bot. 1887, p. 348.
INDEX OF AUTHORS. xxi

Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H., and Glascott, Miss L. 8. ;
Plants found near New Ross, Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1889, p. 4.
B.-H. § G. 1889.
Plants found near Kilmanock, Co. Wexford.—Journ. of Bot. 1890, p. 87.
B.-H. § G@. 1890.
Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H., and Moffat, C. B.:
Notes on Wexford Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 198..B.-H. ¢ M. 1892.
The Characteristie Plants of County Weaford.—Iv. Nat. 1892, p. 156.
B.-H. § M. 18924.
Barrington, R. M., M.A.:
On some.Plants recorded from Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1872, p. 108.
Plants of West Ireland collected by J. Reilly—Journ. of Bot. 1877, p. 179.
The Plants a Tory Island, County Donegal.—Journ. of Bot. 1879, p. 2638.
Barrington 1879.
Report on the Flora of the Blasket Islands, County Cork.—R.1. A. Proc. .
2nd Ser. vol. 111. p. 868, 1881.........05. settee ee tre . Barrington 1882.
Report on the Flora a the Shores of Lough Erne. = T.A. Proc. 2nd Ser.
vol. 1V. p. 1, 1884... .. cece cece erence eerecers ne Barrington 1884.
Epilobium dtsnetotouns in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1884, p. 247.

Barrington, R. M., and Vowell, R. P.:
Report on the Flora of Ben Bulben and the adjoining mountain Range, §c.—

R.I.A. Proc. 2nd Ser. vol. rv. p. 493, 1885...........45 -B.§V. 1885.
Report on the Flora of the Shores of Lough Ree.—R.J.A. Proc. 2nd Ser.
vol. rv. p. 693, 1887..... SUE Lguia taSesa vebactile ayone ie) ada aenaseaalons B. § V. 1887.

See also under Hart.
Belfast Naturalists Field Club Proceedings,.............. BN. F.C. Proc.

Bennett, Arthur, F.L.S. :

Notes on Isoetes.—Journ. of Bot. 1887, p. 207.
Carex aquatilis and its British forms.—Ir. Nat. 1892, p. 48.. Bennett 1892.
Notes on British Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1897, pp. 244 and 259.

Botanical :
Exchange Club, London, Reports of, 1867-78.
Exchange Club of the British Isles, Reports of, 1879-97....B. Ex. C. Rep.
Exchange Club, Watson's, Reports of, 1885-1897,... Wats. B. Ex. C. Rep.

Botany :

London Journal of, edited by Sir W. J. Hooker, 1842-1848.
Journal of, British and Foreign, London, 1863-1898..,,....Journ, of Bot.

Brenan, Rev: S. A.:

Trish Plants (Sanifraga Hireulus, Allosurus crispus, §c.).—Journ. of Bot.
1884, p. 278.
Trish Rubi.—Journ. of Bot. 1895, p. 26.......0ceceeeee . Brenan 1895.

Britten, James, F.L.8.:
Euphorbia hiberna in County Donegal.—Journ. of Bot. 1891, p. 357.
c
xxii INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Browne, Patrick, M.D. : ;
Fasciculus Plantarum Hibernie.—A catalogue of plants observed chiefly in
the counties of Mayo and Galway, 1788. MS. in possession of the
Linnean Soc. of London.........++- sestececccaccess Brown Fascic.

Brown, Robert:

Manuscript Descriptions of Plants, 2 vols. folio. Includes many Irish
species collected by the afterwards famous botanist during his stay in
North Ireland in 1797 and 1800..........++00+ sbniereeaaats Brown MS.

Manuscript Journal kept in Ireland during the year 1800. Contains some
interesting notes on Irish plants. This and the preceding MS. are now
in the Botanical Dept., Brit. Museum..........++++e0+++-Brown MS.

Butler, Cecil, M.A.:
New stations of Irish Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1890, p. 361... . Butler 1890.

Carroll, Isaac:
Notes on new or scarce Irish Plants.—Phytol. 0.8. vol. v. p. 76, 1854,
Carroll 1854.
Notes on scarce Irish Plants.—Phytol. N.S. vol. 11. p. 76, 1857,
Oarroll 1857.
Carr, Professor J. W.:
See under Praeger.

Carter, Charles :
Botanical Ramble in Ireland.—Phytol. 0. 8. vol. 1. p. 512, 1846.

Chandlee, Thomas:
Euphorbia Cyparissias in King’s County.—Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 250.
Herbarium preserved at the Science and Art Museum, Dublin, contains a
good series of plants from the South of Ireland........Herb. Chandlee.

Colby, Thomas:
Ordnance Survey of Londonderry.—Vol. 1. Memoir of Parish of Templemore,
contains short notes of Derry plants by David Moore at pp. 9-11 and 6-8
Gn Notices. eee cesnccccnenvccsvertmranecares seneceee ss Colby 1837.

Colgan, Nathaniel, M.R.I.A. :
Saussurea alpina in County Wicklow.—Journ. of Bot. 1885, p. 157.
The Shamrock, an Attempt to fia its Species—Ir. Nat. 1892, p. 95.
Ajuga pyramidalis in the Aran Isles.—Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 310.
Notes on the Flora of the Aran Isles.—Ir. Nat. 1898, pp. 75 and 106.
The Shamrock, a further Attempt to fix its Species.—Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 207.
Notes on the Flora of Co. Dublin.—Ir. Nat. 1898, p. 283......N. C. 1893.
Carex axillaris in Co. Dublin.—Ir. Nat. 1894, p. 202.
Artemisia Stelleriana in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1894, pp. 22 and 104.
Further Notes on the Flora of County Dublin.—Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 54,

ay + : N.C. 1895.
The Orchids of County Dublin.—Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 198,
Scrophularia umbrosa in Ireland.—Ir. Nat, 1896, p. 182.
INDEX OF AUTHORS. xxiii

Colgan, Nathaniel, M.R.I.A.—continued.
Flora of the Ow Mountains, County Sligo.—Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 301,
ne og N.C. 1896.
Euphrasia Salisburgensis in Ireland.—Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 105.
On the Flora of the Shores of Lough Derg.—Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 189,
N.C. 1897.
Corry, Thomas H., M.A.:
Notes of a Botanical Ramble in County Clare, Treland, in 1879.—Belfast,
Alex. Mayne, 1880...0 0.00 .ccc seus cccccccunes Moawags _ Corry. 28.
Fumaria muralis in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1882, p. 86.
Potamogeton Zizii in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1882, p. 86.
On some rare Irish Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1882, p. 222...... Corry 1882.
New Irish Rubi.—Journ. of Bot. 1883, p. 52.
On the Heights attained by Plants on Ben Bulben; contributed by A. G.
More.—R.I.A. Proc. 2nd Ser. vol. rv. p. 73, 1884, eevee Corry 1884.

Cuthbert, H. G.:
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense in County Wexford.—Ir. Nat. 1892 2, pp. 168
and 181.

D’Alton, John:
History of the County of Dublin (1838).—The numerous records in this
work for the less common plants are all taken from the Zrish Flora and
Mackay’s Flora Hibernica, and grouped according to localities.

Davies, John H.:
Poterium Sanguisorba in the North of Ireland.—Ix. Nat. 1892, p. 81.
Galium erectum and G. _Mollugo in North-East Ireland. —Ir. Nat. 1897,
p. 259.
Epilobium roseum Native in Ireland.—Ir. Nat. 1898, p. 7..

Delap, Rev. Alex. H.:
Trichomanes radicans in County Tyrone.—Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 121.
The Tree Mallow in Ireland on Little Shelligs. —Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 112.

Dickie, George M.D. :
A Flora of Ulster and Botanists’ Guide to the North of Ireland. Belfast,
1864. A most valuable contribution to the knowledge of the geographical
distribution of plants in the North of Ireland...............vor. Uist.

Douglas, John:
Collection of Plants made near Straffan, Kildare. . .

Dowd, M.: _
Halva borealis near Dublin. I ourn. of Bot. 1870, p- 323.

Druee, G. C., F.L.S.:
The Sacrenatie of Spergula arvensis ; both Sorms in Ireland. —J urn. of Bot.

1891, p. 173.
. Notes on the Flora of Cork,. Kerry, and Dublin. —Journ. of Bot. 1891,
Dp. B04 as vasisve wcvenedeecedevi duce rddconass Si deeveees Duce 1892.

c2
Xxiv INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Drummond, James:
Native Plants in Co. Cork.—Munster Farmer’s Magazine, vols. vr. and
vu. Nos. 21, 22, 23, 25, 26 (1818-20).......Drwmmond 1818-19 § -20.

Focke, Dr. W. 0.:
List of British and Irish Rubi in Herb. of late Mr. John Ball.—Journ. of
Bob. 1891, p. 168 isos 6:6 9:5 sisssseveiass-0:4peieiaiee:sieseietelacateseawreveraeys LOCKE: TOQT.

Foot, Frederick J. :
On the Ferns of West Clare.—Nat. His. Rev. O. S. vol. vit. p. 36, 1860.
On the Distribution of Plants in Burren, Clare—R. I. A. Trans. vol. xxv.

1862.. dees siasaeavevaleceiare enelktaine tie tere eia Sireea emeaereecay Foot 1862.
Botanical ‘Noise in the Midland Counties of Ireland.—Dublin Nat. His. Soc.
Proc. 1864-65.......seceeeees 9 a preabelsreratera pa teareyevelsberyencis Foot 1865,

Hymenophyllum Wilsoni near Boyle, §e.—Dublin Nat. His. Soc. Proc. v.
p. 66, 1865-66.

Forbes, Professor Edward :
On the Connexion between the Distribution of the existing Fauna and Flora of
the British Isles, and the geological Changes which have affected their
. Area.—Geological Survey of Great Britain, Memoirs, vol. 1. p. 336, 1846.

Fryer, Alfred :
Irish Potamogetons.—Journ. of Bot. 1889, p. 183.

Gage, Miss C. :
Plants of Rathlin Island.—Bot. Soc. Edin. Proc. reported in Ann. of Nat.
His. v. p. 145, 1850.

Glascott, Miss L. 8. :
See under Barrett-Hamilton.

Graham, Professor Robert :
An Account of an Excursion to the West of Ireland.—Bot. Soc. Edin.
8rd Annual Report, p. 54, 1840..........ccccececceece- Graham 1840.

Groves, Messrs. H. and J., F.L.S.:
Review of the British Characee.—Journ. of Bot. 1880, pp. 97,

VO UG she 8. tease Ses aus on cew-cie tees ciasate! tangatare ne aes cee eeceeees Groves 1880.
Notes on British Chaussee, Journ. of Bot. 1881, p. 353.......@roves 788r.
” ” ” » »» 1883, p. 20.......G@roves 1883.
” ” ” ” » 1884, p. 1.......G@roves 1884,
$5 - ” 33 o> 1885, p. 81....... Groves 1885.
” ” ” ” ” 1886, Pp. DP eseevers . Groves 1886.
” ” » ” ” 1887, p- 146....... Groves 1887,

1890, p. 65.......G@roves 890,
Notes on Hain. Macnee. —Ir. Nat, 1893, P- 163.,.,,+..+.... Groves 1893.
INDEX OF AUTHORS. XXV

Groves, Messrs. H. and J., F.L.S.—continued.
The Distribution of the Characee in Ireland.—Ir. Nat. 1895, pp. 7 and 37,
Groves 1895.
Notes on British a 1890-94.—Journ. of Bot. 1895, p. 289,
Groves 1895 a.

Hanbury, F.J., F.L.S.:

Further Notes on Hieracia new to Britain.—Journ. of Bot. 1892, pp. 129,
165, 258, and 366.

Harris, Walter:

The Ancient and Present State of the Casindy of Down, 1744.—Chap. XI.
contains a catalogue of forty rare plants which was probably contributed
by Isaav Butler.

Hart, H.C., F.L.S.:

Alchemilla alpina, §c., in Wicklow.—Journ. of Bot. 1873, p. 175.
Euphorbia hiberna, Equisetum trachyodon, §c., in County Galway.—Journ.
of Bot. 1873, ps 838. c.sscsssaswsddecseasdeasers aes ...Hart 1873.
A List of Plants found in the Islands of Aran, Galway Bay. Dublin,
D815 i sec fa vitea Go kb ware bois ein erst eared maliceerarea wep LONE Logos
On the Flora of North-western Donegal.—Journ. of Bot. 1879, pp. 77,
106; 143) 183 cceccuwes owes atone Sees aie sae’ saceeeeeeHart 1879.
On the Flora of North-western Donegal. = ourn. of Bot. 1880, pp. 271,
BBD io. 0 dia:d: syessuareess oidyaustoncbsot de povuinctavaysictinns bean EEE NOE,
On. the Botany of the Galtee Mountains, County Tipperary.—R.1.A. Proc.
2nd Ser. vol. m1. p. 392, 1881...:...0eeeeeee cececseeecess Hart 1882.
On the Plants of North Aran Island, County Dongola ourn. of Bot.
1881, p. 19.
A Botanical ramble along the Slaney and up the East Coast of Wexford.—
Journ. of Bot. 1881, p.338......cc cece cnecereescenees Hart 1881 a.
On some rare Plants in County Donegal.—Journ. of Bot. 1881, p. 233,
Hart 1881 B.
Notes on Irish Plants found in Limerick and Tipperary.—Journ. of Bot.
TSS Spe cT Oss. 5 esceceyeasesacasesoseun ates’ sieielaisislepaieseadrevsinlarcai LOR TOOLys
Report on the Botany of the Magillicuddy’s Reeks, County Kerry.—

 

R.I.A. Proc. 2nd Ser. vol. m1. p. 573, 1882...... seceess Hart 1882.
Notes on Mountain Plants in Kerry.—Journ. of Bot. 1882, p. 174,
Hart 18820.

Flora of Croaghgorm Range in Donegal.—Journ. of Bot. 1882, p. 238.
Lycopodium alpinum in County Wicklow.—Journ. of Bot. 1888, p. 158.
On the Flora of Innishowen, County Donegal.—Journ. of Bot. 1883, pp. 47,
75, 150, 170, 205, and 275....sc.csceeeereves ceveceeee.- Hart 1883.
Report on the Flora of the Mayo and Galway Mountains.—R.1.A. Proc.
Qnd Ser. vol. 111. p. 694, 1883. ...cccceceveeeeecccesecs Hart £883 a.
Report on the Flora of the Wexford and Waterford Coasts.—Roy. Dublin
Soc. Scientific Proc. N.S. rv. p.117, 1883. (A Report to the R.I.A.,
published by error in R.D.S, Prot.)...ccecesesesceesee Hart 1883 B.
XXvi INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Hart, H. C., F.L.S.—continued.

Notes on the Flora of Lambay Island, County Dublin, —R. T.A. Proc. 2nd
Ser. vol. 111. p. 670, 1883...0eeceececerecsecceeeenesess Hart 1883 Y.

Notes on the Plants of some of the Mountain Ranges of Teele: —R.T.A.
Proc. 2nd Ser. vol. tv. p. 211, 1884......seeeeeeeeeesces+Hart 1884.

Trichomanes radicans in Pog ourn. of Bot. 1884, p. 213.

On the Botany of the Barrow.—Journ. of Bot. 1885, p.9......Hart 1885.

On the Botany of the River Suwir.—Roy. Dublin Soc. Scient. Proc. rv.
P8265 DB8D: oes casey coe aces MER Ne eS seveccecvecse Hart 1885 a.

Report on the Flora of South-west Donegat —R.I. a Proc. 2nd Ser.
vol. Iv. p. 443, 1885... .ccccecceeceeececectccsenenens Hart 18854,

Botanical Notes along the Rivers Nore and Blackwater, ete.—Journ. of Bot.
1885, p. 228... .c.ceceeeecces aiheys ois saree uiee eters wpeeee Hart 1885 8.

Trish Hawkweeds.—Journ. of Bot. 1886, p. 47..020eee0eeee Hart 1886 «..
Further Report on the Flora of Southern Donegal. —R.I.A. Proc. 2nd Ser.
vol. rv. p. 568, 1886......ccceceeveece Sascretaeonets sseeees. Hart 1886,

The Flora of Howth. Dublin, 1887 wo .e cece ee ee cece ees Lor. Howth.
Rare Plants from Co. Tyrone.—Journ. of Bot. 1887, p. 325....Hart 1887.
On the Range of Flowering Plants and Ferns on the Mountains of Ireland.
(A summary of all his observations on Irish mountains.)—R.I.A. Proc.
8rd Ser. vol. 1., p. 512. 1891 ...cccee cece cnne cence ve ceecee es Hart.
Euphorbia hiberna in County Donegal: = Tuiinn: “of Bot. 1891, p. 357.
Stachys Betonica in County Donegal.—Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 281.
Helianthemum vulgare in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 218.
Notes on Co. Dublin Plants.—Journ, of Bot. 1897, p..346,.....Hart 1897.

Hart, H. C., and Barrington, R. M,:
Rediscovery of Rubus Chamemorus in Ireland.—Journ. of. Bot. 1892,
p. 279, and Ir. Nat. 1892, p. 124.

Hart, W. E.:

On the Occurrence i Géolapieal Rilationie of certain Ferns inthe County of
Donegal.—Dublin Nat. His. Soc. Proc. rv. p. 247, 1865.

Corydalis claviculata in County Donegal.—Journ. of Bot. 1874, p. 184.

Harvey, Professor W. H.:
Memoir of, with Selections from his Journal and Correspondence, 1869.
Harvey's Memoir.
Herbarium of Plants found near Limerich.—Made about 1834, and now in
the possession of Dr. E. P. Wright, Trin. Coll. Dublin... Herd. Harvey.

Herbarium,

of British Musewm.—Contains many Irish specimens of great interest,
collected by Lhwyd, lsh Brown, and others.

Glasnevin Bavanta Gardens._-See under Moore, David.
of Professor W. H. Harvey.—See under Harvey.
of J. T. Mackay,—See under Mackay.
INDEX OF AUTHORS. Xxviil

Horbarium—continued.
of Alexander G. More.—See under More.
of Science and Art Museum, Dublin.—See under Chandlee and Moore.
of Trinity. College, Dublin. —The British section of this important collection
contains several Irish specimens of interest.............. Herb. T.C.D.

Hincks, Rey. T. D.:
On early Contesbuctions to the Flora of Ireland.—Ann. of Nat. His. v1. pp. 1
and 126, 1841.

Hind, W. M.:
A List of the more interesting Plants found lately near Belfast.—Phytol.
1854, p. 185... cc cece cece ene CEM aca mivieeineac eres mausnte Hind 1854.
How, William:

Phytologia Britannica. London, 1650. Contuins the earliest printed records
of Irish plants, contributed chiefly by the Rev. Richard Heaton.

Irish Academy, Royal, Proceedings of, 1872-92......... eevee. I. A. Proe.

Trish Naturalist, 1892-98...... 0... cece cece rece t ere reece seeceedt, Nat.

KE’Eogh, John, M.D.:
Botanica Universalis Hibernica. Cork, 1735. An alphabetical list of
Irish plants, with numerous notes on their supposed medical virtues, and
a few localities... ... ccc cece ee cece cee ee rec cee ese esse cs Hogh,

Kinahan, Professor J. R.:
A List of Ferns and their Allies found in County Dublin.—Phytol. 0. 8.
vol. v. p. 196, 1854.
On the Distribution of Ferns in Ireland. —Nat. His. Rev. 0. 8. vol. v.
P. 175, 1858 Lo. eee cee e cece cee ceetencsccces Hinahan 1858.
Addenda to the above.—Nat. Hi, Rev. vol. vil. p. 39, "1860.
On Hymenophyllum.—Nat. His, Rev. 0. 8. vol. vr. p. 441, 1859.
Kinahan, G. H., M-R.LA.: :
Ferns of Killaloe, ete.—Nat. His. Rev. O. 8. vol. vir. p. 401, 1860.
Ferns of Lough Derg.—Dublin Quarterly Journ. of Science, vol. 11. p. 333,
1861.
On Ferns observed in West Connaught and South-West Mayo.—Dublin Nat.
His. Soc. Proc. v1. p. 67, 1871.

Knowles, Miss M. C.:
Flowering Plants of County Tyrone.—Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 83.

Leebody, Mrs. M. J.:
Spiranthes romanzoviana in County Londonderry.—Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 228.
‘xxviii INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Levinge, H. C., M.A. :
Potamogeton lanceolatus in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1891, p. 344.
Neotinea intacta in Co. Clare.—Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 194...Levinge 1892.
Limosella aquatica in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 309.

, The Plants of Westmeath.—Ir. Nat. 1894, pp. 77, 96, and 128,
Levinge 1894.

The Plants of Westmeath.—Ir. Nat, 1895, p. 64.....++++++ .Levinge 1895.

Ley, Rev. Augustin :
Thalictrum alpinum in Kerry.—Journ. of Bot. 1887, p. 374.

‘Lhwyd, Edward :
Some further Observations relating to the Antiquities and Natural History of
Ireland.—Philosoph. Trans. vol. xvi. p. 524, 1712.

Lindsey, Miss K. M. :
Collection of Plants made in Mayo and Connemara.

Linton, Rey. E. F.:
Naias flevilis at Killarney.—Journ. of Bot. 1886, p. 83.
Carex trinervis in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1888, p. 56.

Linton, Rev. E. F., and Linton, Rev. W. R.:
Notes on a Botanical Tour in West Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1886, p. 18,
Linton 1886.
Westmeath Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1896, p. 119............Linton 1896.

Longfield, C. :
Lycopodium inundatum in County Cork.—Journ. of Bot. 18738, p. 381.

Mackay, Jas. Townsend, LL.D. : f

A Systematic Catalogue of Rare Plants found in Ireland.—Roy. Dublin Soc.
Trans. vol. v. p. 127; 1806......ce cc eeeescecoeee wees Mack. Rar.
Catalogue of the Plants found in Ireland.—R.J.A. Trans. vol. xv. 1825.
Important as the first complete list of all the native plants of Ireland,
Muck. Cat.
Flora Hibernica. Dublin, 1836. In its time, the standard descriptive work
on the Flora of Ireland. The localities given are usually few, and no
attempt is made to estimate the range and frequency of the plants.
Flor. Hib.
A brief View of the Botany of Ireland, as an Appendix to Frazer’s Hand-
book for Travellers in Ireland, 1854.
Additions to the Plants of Ireland.—Nat. His. Rev. 0. 8. vol. v1. p. 587,
1B59. cc ceev ee es cece vecscneesvetosesseccsssesesseethachay 1859.
Additional Plants for Flora Hibernica.—Nat. His. Rev. O. 8. vol. viz.
_p. 448, 1860,
INDEX OF AUTHORS. XXix

Mackay, Jas. Townsend, LL.D.—continued.

Herbarium, preserved in Trinity College, Dublin. This collection unfor-
tunately was prepared in the latter years of Dr. Mackay’s life, and
many of the plants are known to have been derived from the Botanic
Gardens, and were inserted only with the view of representing the
species. The localities given on the labels were merely copied from
Flora Hibernica, so that the collection is almost useless for elucidating
any critical question.........sseecceeeaceeeesennee .. Herb. Mackay.

Maffett, Miss:
Collection of Plants made in the North of Ireland.

Marshall, Rev. E. S.:
Irish Plants collected in June, 1896.—Journ. of Bot. 1896, p. 496,
Marshall 1896.
Sisyrinchium californicum in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1896, p. 366.
Some Plants observed in Co. Wexford, 1897-—Journ of Bot. 1898, p. 46,
Marshall 1898.
Marshall, Rev. E. S., and Shoolbred, W. A.:
Irish Plants observed in July, 1895.—Journ. of Bot. 1896, p. 250,

M. § 8. 1896.
M‘Ardle, David :
The Plants of Dalkey Island.—Ir. Nat. 1892, p. 133.
Millen, W.:
Localities of Plants observed near Belfast.—Phytol. O. S. vol. 1v. p. 363,
1851.

Moffat, C. B., B.A.:
‘Plants near Ballyhyland, Co. Wexford.—Journ. of Bot. 1889, p. 105,
Moffat 1889.
Life and Letters of Alecander Goodman More. Dublin, 1898. An excellent
memoir, containing much valuable matter relating to the history of Irish
botany during the last thirty years.
See also under Barrett-Hamilton.

Molyneux, Thos., M.D.:
Appendix to Threikeld’s Synopsis Stirpium Hibernicarum.—See sub Threl-
keld. i ee
Notices: of a few rare Irish Plants, in his account of the discovery of the
horns of the Irish Elk.—Phil. Trans. No. 227, 1697.

Moore, David, Px.D. :

Manuscript Catalogue of Plants observed in the county of Londonderry in
1834 and 1835. A bound MS. of 145 pp., including Phanerogams and
Cryptogams now preserved in the Library, Glasnevin Botanic Gardens,
Dy Lim pega 5e5g sb 5 6 908. aie fave ete saan wre Ses tarelatarasete haveln gp aetaceye a LOOPED...

Botany of the parish of Templemore, in Colby’s Ordnance Survey of the
county of Londonderry, pp. 9~11 and pp. 6—8, plates 4, 5 of Notices,
TBO sidisre's e508 Vea w8 SUN 6.6 6.8 CREE Nw CEES EEE CCA 6 Re ete COUY TERT:
XXK INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Moore, David, Pu.D.—continued.

Equisetum variegatum and other Plants in Ireland.—Phytol. 0. 8. vol. 1.
p. 129, 1845.

On the Distribution of Erica mediterranea in Ireland, ete.—Phytol. 0. 8.
vol. 1v. p. 597, 1852.

A new Lrish Equisetum.—Phytol. 0. 8. vol. v. p. 17, 1854.

Ajuga pyramidalis, ete., in Aran.—Pbytol. 0. 8. vol. v. p. 189, 1854.

Observations on. some Plants considered by Alphonse de Candolle alien to Great
Britain.—Nat. His. Rev. 0. 8. vol. vi. p. 155, 1859.

Observations on the prevailing and rare Plants of Erris.—Nat. His. Rev.
0.8. vol. vir. p. 414, 1860.

On some Plants supposed to be Additions to the Irish Flora.—Dublin Univ-
Zool. and Bot. Assoc. Proc. vol. 11. p. 85, 1863.

Neotinea intacta. -A recent Addition to the British Flora.—Journ. of Bot.
1864, p. 228, and RI.A. Proc. vol. 1x. p. 105, 1865.

Potamogeton nitens as an Irish Plant.—Journ. of Bot. 1864, p. 325.

Inula salicina in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 333.

Trifolium glomeratum in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1870, p. 192.

Notes on some Irish Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1871, p. 299.

On anew species of Isoetes (I. Morei) from Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1878,
p. 353.

Herbariwm, prepared for the Ordnance Survey, and containing a nearly
complete series of the wild plants of Derry and Antrim, ncw preserved

in the Science and Art Museum, Dublin ....... ceseeeees Herb. Moore.
Herbarium, containing plants from various parts of Ireland, now preserved
in the Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin.......... eaaeaies Herb. Glasnevin.

Moore, David, and More, A. G.: ;
Contributions towards a Cybele Hibernica. Dublin 1866........+++.Cyd.
On the Climate, Flora, and Crops of Ireland.—Internat. Bot. Congress
Report, 1866.
Phanerogamie Plants and Ferns of Dublin and Wicklow, in Brit. Assoc. .
Guide to the County of Dublin, pp. 186-219, 1878, also in Roy. Dublin
Soc. Proc. N.8.1. p.190......-. secevccsceeses ss DMoore § More, 1878.

Moore, Charles:
Collection of Plants made when attached to the Ordnance Survey in
Donegal........ scatedelsisirararetsin erasaieiaveiavsle otivieleleiessiersirnree her Os Co Moores

Moore, Thomas:
Nature-printed British Ferns. 2 vols. 8vo. 1855. Contains much
information respecting the localities’ of Ferns in Ireland.,..7. Moore 2855.

More, Alex. Goodman, F.R.S. Edin. :
Notes on the Flora of Castle Taylor, Galway.—Bot. Soc. Edin. Proc.
TBOD iss oie sis eeaeite iasa accsive sare in wake Aneete Sarees ceseevececessdMore 1855.
Localities. for some. Plants observed in JIreland.—Nat. His. Rev. 0.8.
vol. VII. p. 434, 1860... ccc. c cece cece eeveeenseeeess More 1860.
Note on the Discovery of Neotinea intacta.—Bot. Soc. Edin. Trans. vol. v1.
Pi 265, [BEB see isc Sean Gee gues
INDEX OF AUTHORS. xxxi

More, Alex. Goodman, F.R.S., Edin.—continued.

Trifolium subterraneum in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1868, p. 208.

Note on Equisetum Moorei, etc.—Journ. of Bot. 1868, p. 253.

Discovery of Scirpus parvulus in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1868, pp. 254
and 321.

Hippophe rhamnoides in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1868, pp. 255 and 378.

Discovery of Aira uliginosa at Roundstone.—Journ. of Bot. 1869, p. 265.

On Recent Additions to the Flora of Ireland.—R.I.A. Proc. 2nd Ser.
vol. 1. p. 256, 1872.....ccceeceeeees Khasi Cée's tse sees Aad.

An Abridgment of the preceding Paper with a few Additions.—Jourm. of
Bot. 1873, pp. 115 and 142... ....ccceeceeee ee oece cece ss More 187}.

A new station for Erica Mackaiana.—Journ. of Bot. 1874, p. 306.

Report on the Flora of Inish Bofin, Galway.—R.I.A. Proc. 2nd Ser.
Pi O58E 1816s pics wales save eiacddareramedtncresvectoaaras ceceeee More 1876,

Lycopodium inundatum in Kerry.—Journ. of Bot. 1876, p. 3738.

Naias flexilis in Kerry.—Journ. of Bot. 1877, p. 350.

Trifolium maritimum in Ireland.—TJourn. of Bot. 1880, p. 238.

Sisyrinchium Bermudianum in Kerry.—Joum. of Bot. 1882, p. 8.

Aira alpina in Kerry.—Journ. of Bot. 1882, p. 87.

Erica mediterranea var. hibernica, ete., in Achill Island. —Journ. of Bot.
1889, p. 118.

Cuscuta Epithymum in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 14.

Vaccinium Vitis-Ide@a at low level in County Westmeath.—Journ. of Bot.
1892, p. 88.

Characteristic and Rare Plants of Southern Ireland.—In Guy’s Pictorial
Guide for South of Ireland. Cork 1893.

The above reprinted, with corrections in Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 299.

Herbarium, containing many plants collected in various parts of Ireland.

Herb. More.
See also under Moore, David.

Murphy, Professor E. :

Contributions towards a Flora Hibernica.—Loudon’s Mag. of Nat. His. vol.
I. p. £86, 1829......0..eeeee sesaneusestiaes vee seecceeecess Murphy 1829.

Murray, R. P.:
Arabis ciliatain Clare.—Journ. of Bot. 1887, p. 183.

Natural History
Review (Old Series), 7 vols. London, 1854-60....... oo... Mat. His. Rev.

_ Newman, Edward:

History of British Ferns.—Ist Ed. 1840...........02+++..Mewman 1840.

A History of British Ferns and allied Plants. —2nd Ed. 1844.

Newman 1844

Notes on Irish Natural History, especially Ferns.—Charlesworth’s Mag. of
Nat. His. vols. m1. and rv. 1839-40.

A New Irish Equisetum (E. Moorei).—Phytol. 0. 8. vol. v. p. 17, 1858.

Contributions towards the History of an Irish Asplenium (A. acutum).—
Phytol. 0. S. vol. v, p. 37, 1853.
XXxii INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Nowers, J. E. and Wells, J. G.:

The Plants of the Aran Islands, Galway Bay.—Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 180.
Nowers § Wells 1892.

Ogilby, Leslie:
Notes of a Botanical Ramble in Connemara and Arran.—Phytol. vol. 1.
p. 345, US4b xis ee.g seven ose. ce bs be tian nnencesina at's OGOY TEAS.

Oliver, Professor Daniel :
Notes of a Botanical Ramble in Ireland.—Phytol. vol. 1v. p. 124, 1851.
: Oliver 1851.
Botanical Notes of a Week in Ireland.—Phytol. vol. rv. p. 676, 1852.
Oliver 1852.
O’Mahony, Rev. Thaddeus :
Notes of a Botanical Excursion in Clare.—Dublin Nat. His. Soc. Proc.
vol. 1. p. 30, 1860. (Paper read June 1852.)........++O’ Mahony 1860.

Phillips, R.A. :
Allium Scorodoprasum in County Cork.—Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 23.
Orobanche minor in County Cork.—Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 23.
The Characteristics of the Flora of County Cork.—Journ. of Cork His.
and Archeological Soc., vol. m1. p. 274, 1894.
Rare Plants in West Cork.—Ir. Nat. 1894, p. 205.......... Phillips 1894.
Some Waifs and Strays of the Cork Flora.—Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 332.

Phillips, W. H., and Praeger, R. Ll. :

The Ferns of Ulster.—Belfast Nat. Field Club Proc. Appendix for 1885—
8OH8 lo iniecarersiarencaniieewses secccvesecessesLhillips § Praeger 1887.

Phytologia, Britannica—see under How, William.
Phytologist : Old Series, conducted by George Luxford and Edward Newman.

5 vols. London 1842-54...... 0... cc cecececececncerecsce se Lhytol.
New Series, edited by Alexander Irvine, London, 1855, etc.......Phytol.

Power, Thomas, M.D. :

The Botanists’ Guide for the County of Cork, in contributions towards the
Fauna and Flora of Cork. Cork 1845. A complete and extensive list
of the plants found wild in the county of Cork, chiefly in the immediate
vicinity of the city itself...........ccceeeeecesceeesscs ss Lior, Cork.

Praeger, R. Ll., B.A. :

Carex aquatilis at Shane's Castle, County Antrim.—Journ. of Bot. 1892,
p. 153.

Spiranthes Romanzofiana in the North of Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1892,
p. 272.

In Camp on Lough Erne,—Iv. Nat. 1892, p.110..........Praeger 1892.
A new Irish Sedge (Carex rhynchophysa).—Journ. of Bot. 1898, p. 33.
INDEX OF AUTHORS. xxxiii

Praeger, R. Ll., B.A.—continued.
The Flora of County Armagh.—Ir. Nat. 1893, pp. 34, 59, ete.
Praeger 1893.
The Flora of Rathlin (some additions to Mr. 8. A. Stewart’s list of 1884
in R.I.A. Proc.).—Ir. Nat. 1898, p. 53.
Eleocharis acicularis in Queen’s County, ete.—Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 276.
Local Botanical Notes.—Belfast Nat. Field Club Rep. 1892-98, pp. 532-8.
Queen’s County Plants.—Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 321.
Trish Rubi.—Journ. of Bot. 1894, pp. 75 and 359........ Praeger 1894.
Notes on the Flora of Aranmore.—Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 249......Praeger 1895.
On the Botanical Subdivision of Ireland.—Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 29, and Journ.
of Bot. 1896, p. 57.
Flowering Plants and Vascular Cryptogams of Clonbrock.—Ir. Nat. 1896.

PD. ZED. eva ncegscceennvogenrscasecrtennseseaces wea Praeger 1896.
Trish Plants, collected chiefly in the Province . Leinster in we —Ir. Nat.
1897, DP. 89... cece cece ceneees Miwa RRR RS . Praeger 1897.

Praeger, R. Li., and Carr, Professor J. W.:

The Phanerogams, Ferns, etc., of the Irish Field Club Union Excursion to
Galway.—Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 246......... seershevaianaia cevceeede § CL 1895.
See also under Phillips, W. H., and Stewart, 8. A.

Ray, Rev. John:
Historia Plantarum, 1686-1704.
Synopsis Stirpium Britannicarwn.—Kd. II. 1696, and Ed. III. 1724.
These works of Ray contain 4 few references to Irish plants, chiefly
contributed by Mr. Sherard.

Reichenbach, Professor H. G. :
On Neotinea intacta.—Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 1.

Reynell, Miss E. :
Collection of Plants made in Westmeath.

Ridley, H. W.:
Kerry Plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1884, p. 91.

Rutty, John, M.D.:
An Essay towards a Natural History of the County of Dublin, 1772.—Con-
tains lists of plants, chiefly those used as food or in medicine ; only a
few special localities are given............. waisaubore . Rutty’s Dublin.

Sampson, Rey. G. V.:
Statistical Survey of the County of Londonderry. Dublin 1802. A list
of plants is given in the Appendix..........ssse++++++Sampson 1802.
Memoir explanatory of the Chart and Survey of Londonderry. 1814. List
of Plants, pp. 152-171,
XxxiV INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Scully, Reginald, F.L.S.:
Notes on some Kerry plants.—Journ. of Bot. 1888, p. 71... .R.W.S 1888.
Further notes on the Kerry Flora.—Journ. of Bot. 1889, p. 85,,R. WS. 1889.
Juncus tenuis in Kerry.—Journ. of Bot. 1889, p. 335.
Plants found in Kerry, 1889.—Journ. of Bot. 1890, p. 110. .R. WS. 1890.
Plants found in Kerry, z890.—Journ. of Bot. 1891, p. 143..R. W.S. 2892.
Ancient and Unverified Kerry Records.—Journ. of Bot. 1891, p. 324.
Asplenium lanceolatum in Kerry.—Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 20.
Festuca sylvatica in County Cork,—Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 56.
Some Cork Aliens.—Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 20.
Chara canescens in Ireland.—Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 60.

Shoolbred, W. A., M.R.C.S. :
A Botanical Trip to County Antrim.—Ix. Nat. 1894, pp. 146 and 167,

Shoolbred 1894.
See also under Marshall, Rev. E. 8.

Sigerson, G., M.D.:
Additions to the Flora of the tenth Botanical District, Ireland.—R.1.A.
Proc. 2nd Ser. vol. 11..p. 192, 1872.

Sim, John:
Remarks on the Flora of Ireland.— Phytol. N.{S. vol. 11. p. 353, 1859.

Smith, Charles, M.D. :
Ancient and present State of the County and City of Waterford, 1st Ed.
Dublin, 1746......esccnesseeeee veaccedeceveccs Smith's Waterford.
Ancient and present State of the County and City of Cork, 1st Ed. Dublin,
1750... eee ee a aacaveievaltasaediecaganene anche anak orasalerrs eresaceS ... Smith's Cork.
Ancient and present State of the County of Kerry, 1st Ed. Dublin, 1756,
Smith's Kerry.
Smith, W. G.: ‘

Discovery of Cuscuta Trifolii in Ireland.—Dublin Nat. His. Soc. Proc. v.
p- 198, 1868-69.

Stewart, S. A., F.B.S., Edin. :

On some rare or overlooked Plants in the neighbourhood of Belfast.—Belfast
Nat. Field Club Proc. 1865-66.

A visit to Dungiven and the Sperrin Mountains.—Belfast Nat. Field Club,
Proc. 1868-69.

Report on the Botany of the Mountainous portion of Fermanagh, west of
Lough Erne.—R. 1. A. Proc: 2nd Ser. vol. m1. p. 531, 1882.

Stewart 1882.

Report on the Botany of the Island of Rathlin, County Antrim.—R. I. A.
Proc. 2nd Ser. vol. rv. p. 82, 1884......0.0eeeeee coves Stewart 1884.

Saxifraga Hirculus in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot. 1884, p. 302.

Carex aquatilis in Iréland.—Journ. of Bot. 1885, p. 49.

Report on the Botany of Lough Allen and the Slieveanierin Mountains.—
R. I. A. Proc. 2nd Ser. vol. 1v. p. 426, 1885....,..s000. Stewart 2885.
INDEX OF AUTHORS. XXXV

Stewart, S. A., F.B.S. Edinb.—continued.
Irish Hieracia.—Journ. of Bot. 1886, p. 83.

Report on the Botany of South Clare and the Shannon.—kR. I. A. Proc. 8rd
Ser. vol. 1. p. 343, 1890. .....ceceeccccccvsveccevenss Stewart 1890.

Lowest limit of Vaccinium Vitis-Idea in Ireland.,.Journ. of Bot. 1892.
p. 121.

Notes on the Flora of North-east Ireland.—Ir. Nat. 1894, pp. 35 and 52.

Stewart 1894.
Stewart, 8. A. and Corry, T. H.:

A Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Belfast, 1888.—The most valuable
local Irish Flora hitherto produced.......seccscerseceecsee Lior. NE.

Stewart, S. A. and Praeger, R. Ll:
Report on the Botany of the Mourne Mountains, County Down.—R.I. A.
Proc. 3rd. Ser. vol. 11. p. 335, 1892... ..0cceseeeceseee es GP, 1892.
Supplement to the Flora of the North-east of Ireland.—Printed as an appen-
dix to Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club, 1894~—95............8. ¢ P. 1895.

Tate, Ralph:
Flora Belfastiensis.—Belfast 1863. Asmall catalogue of the plants notice,
in the immediate neighbourhood of Belfast................/lor. Belf.
The Flora of Ireland, with special reference to Ulster.—Belfast Nat. Field
Club Proc. 1866-67.
Addenda to the Cybele Hibernica.—Journ. of Bot. 1870, p. 81.

Templeton, John, A.L.S. :

On a new Species*of Rose (R. Hibernica Smith).—Roy. Dublin Soc. Trans.
m1. p. 162, with plate, 1802.

Catalogue of the Native Plants of Ireland. A small MS. volume, with a
few pen-and-ink drawings of plants and numerous localities, chiefly in
North-east Ireland; drawn up between 1793 and 1820. Now in the
library of R.I.A. Dublin.......... cc ceceeeseee ees Templeton MS.

Journal, in MS., kept from 1806 to 1820, contains notes of plants observed
the counties of Sligo and Dublin, as well as in north-east Ireland.

Threlkeld, Caleb., M.D. :
Synopsis Stirpium Hibernicarum. Dublin 1726. This is the earliest
work on the botany of Ireland. It is an alphabetical list of native Irish
(and British) plants, with notices of their medicinal properties and many
localities chiefly in the neighbourhood of Dublin............ Zhrelkeld.
Annotations in MS., in a copy of the above in the R.I. Academy’s
Library, giving many records of interest for the rarer Irish plants.
Annot. in Thretkeld.
Tighe, W.: /
Statistical Observations relating to the County of Kilkenny, 1802. A list of
plants is given at pp. 207 and 359. 4
Plants of Coast of Weaford.—Roy. Dublin Soc. Trans. voi. m1. p. 147,
1802.
XXXVi INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Townsend, Frederick, M.A.:
Euphrasia Salisburgensis (Funk.) native in Ireland.—Journ. of Bot., 1897,
p. 441.
Monograph of the British Species of Euphrasia. =i eras of Bot., Sept.,
Oct., Nov., and Dec., 1897.

Vowell, Richard P. See under Barrington.

Wade, Walter, M.D. :
Catalogus systematicus Plantarum indigenarum in comitatu Dublinensi
inventarum.—-Dublin, 1794. A descriptive Flora, in Latin, arranged
according to the Linnean system. It contains many localities, but does

not include the Sedges or Ferns......... cece ceueeeeeee Wade Dubl.
Catalogus Plantarum rariorum in comitatu Gallovidie.—Dublin Soc. Trans.
perpen 2; TROT ses ses ssyccuyecavareacs Ge fo dukes Sole a eadvansiacbnasecevayars Wade Gallovid.

Planta Rariores in, Hibernia Invente.—Dublin Soo. Trans. vol. rv. 1804.
A tolerably full list of the scarcer plants observed by Dr. Wade in
various parts of Ireland, chiefly Connemara, Cork, and Kerry, but
several of the species appear to have been imperfectly determined,

Wade Rar.
Watson : : om
See under Botanical Exchange Club.

Wells, J. G.:
See under Nowers.

White, John:
An Essay on the Indigenous Grasses of Ireland.—Dublin, 1808. Chiefly
descriptive and agricultural, but contains several stations not recorded

elsewhere........... Seas sei eed wreath teehee «+. White 1808.
Whitla, F..:

Annotations in an interleaved copy of Flora Hibernica, giving many dates,

not elsewhere obtainable, for Templeton’s records...... wae. Whitla MS.

Woods, Joseph :
Some Notes made during a Tour through a part of Ireland.—Phytol. N. 8,
vol. 1. pp. 121, 156, and 207, 1855.

Wright, Professor E. Perceval :

Notes on the Flora of the Islands of Arran.—Dublin Nat. His. Soc. Proc.
vy. p. 96, 1866-67.

Wynne, Right Hon. John:

Adiantum Capilius-Veneris in Leitrim.—Nat. His. Rey. 0. 8. vol. rv.
p. 69, 1855.
INTRODUCTION.

I. Postrron anp Puystcan Features or Irenanp.

Inztanp, the most western of the British Isles, extends from North
Latitude 51° 26’ to 55° 21’ and from West Longitude 5° 20’ to
10° 26’. In form the island is roughly rhomboidal, with a greater
diagonal of 302 miles, and a lesser of 210 miles, the total area being
82,531 square miles. More truly insular in position than Great
Britain, Ireland is bounded on the north, west, and south by the
Atlantic Ocean, and on the east is separated from England by a
sea-channel, ranging in breadth from 47 to 188 miles. At its north-
eastern extremity, however, it is divided from southern Scotland
by a much narrower channel, varying in width from 13 to 28 miles.
The western coasts are much broken, and on this side almost all of
the larger islands are found, such as Achill Island, Valentia, the
South Isles of Aran, Clare Island, and North Aran. The eastern
shores are far less broken.

As regards its surface features, Ireland may be fairly repre-
sented as a central plain flanked by mountain groups, disposed
towards or along the coasts. With a few exceptions, such as the
Slieve Bloom range in Queen’s County, the Galtees in Tipperary,
Mount Leinster and Blackstairs in Wexford, Cuilceagh in Cavan,
and Keeper Mountain in Limerick, the chief mountains lie quite
close to the coasts. The highest summits are found in the south-
west in county Kerry, where the fine rock mass of Magillicuddy’s
Reeks rises in Carrantuohill to a height of 3414 feet, while farther
west Mount Brandon reaches to upwards of 3100 feet. Elevations
such as these are but rarely approached in other parts of the island.
In the Wicklow mountain group on the east coast, Lugnaquilla
reaches to 3089 feet; and in the Galtees towards the south, Galty-
more to 3015 feet; but elsewhere in Ireland there are no summits

d
EXXVili INTRODUCTION.

attaining to 3000 feet, though in Mayo, Waterford, and Wexford
some points are to be found slightly exceeding 2600 feet, and
Slieve Donard in the Mournes reaches almost to 2800 feet.

In their petrological character, the numerous Irish mountain
groups are sufficiently varied. Granite is abundant in the Dublin
and Wicklow mountains and in those of Down and Donegal; sand-
stones occur in Kerry, Tipperary, the Slieve Bloom range and
elsewhere; quartz rock is abundant in the Galway and Mayo
groups and in Donegal; mica-slate is of frequent occurrence ;
large masses of elevated limestone are found in Clare, Sligo, and
Fermanagh, and basalt covers a wide area in Antrim and Derry.
Chalk is conspicuously absent, for though exposed in cliffs at some
points along the Antrim coast, it is always capped with basalt, and
cannot be said to have any true outcrop in Ireland. Limestone
prevails almost throughout the central plain, but is usually covered
by extensive peat bogs or by drift accumulations frequently disposed
in the characteristic form of eskers or gravel mounds and ridges.
The area occupied by peat-bogs is very large, and has been estimated
at 4400 square miles, or 13°5 per cent. of the total surface of the
island. Somewhat more than half of this bog-area is lowland.
Much of the remainder lies at elevations between 1000 and 2000
feet above sea-level.

The area of the country under water, chiefly in the form of
lakes, is little short of 1000 square miles, or fully 3 per cent. of the
whole surface. Rare and usually insignificant in the east, the lakes
become frequent towards the centre, and well-nigh innumerable in
some parts of the west, as in Connemara, Clare, and West Mayo.
A comparison of the four western counties, Kerry, Clare, Galway,
and Mayo, with an equal area of the eastern counties shows the
water-surface of the western counties to be fully four times as
large as that of the eastern. In the north-east is the low-lying
and shallow Lough Neagh, with an area of 153 square miles, the
largest fresh-water surface in the British Isles. Owing to the
comparatively small extent of the country and the peculiar
disposition of the mountain-groups, most of the numerous Irish
rivers have small basins and short courses. But there is one
notable exception in the Shannon. This fine river, the longest in
the British Isles, and, perhaps, the largest in volume, has a roughly
north and south course of about 250 miles, and widens in its middle
and lower reaches into the imposing river-lakes known as Lough
Ree and Lough Derg.
INTRODUCTION. XXXIX

As compared with England, the most salient general features of
Ireland are its large extent of peat-bog and lake-surface, its vast
central limestone plain of low elevation, and the absence of chalk.
Further details as to the more local physical features will be given
in section VIII. of this Introduction dealing with the Irish
Botanical Districts.

II. Crmate.

Owing to its insular position the climate of Ireland, especially
in the west, is more moist and equable than in the rest of Europe
under the same degrees of latitude. From observations made at
sixteen stations in the year 1851, it appears that the mean annual
temperature of Ireland is a little over 50° Fahrenheit, which is the
same as the average in South Britain. But it is not the mean
temperature of any country so much as the extreme ranges which
affect in summer the ripening of fruit and crops, and in winter the
preservation of tender plants. There isa striking difference between
Ireland and Great Britain in this respect; for the mean tempera-
ture of the summer months being 2° Fahrenheit lower in Ireland,
the ripening of corn and fruit is later and more uncertain than in
England, and wheat, which is cultivated successfully throughout
nearly all England, is in many parts of Ireland a precarious crop,
especially in the western counties. The Spanish chestnut, the
walnut, and the fig, seldom fully ripen their fruit. On the other
hand, the winter temperature being about 2° higher in Ireland,
some plants thrive and flourish with us which would be killed by
the cold, dry frost of an English winter. Even in the county of
Dublin, some species which are natives of the western coast of
Ireland—for example, Simethis bicolor and Erica Mackati—suffer
much from frost when planted out in the open air in the Botanic
Garden at Glasnevin.

The temperature of Ireland decreases from south to north at
the rate of about three-quarters of a degree for each degree of
latitude. A sensible decrease is also experienced from west to east,
especially in winter. This greater mildness and equability of the
climate in the west as compared with the east of Ireland, and in
Treland generally, when compared with the rest of Europe under
the same degrees of latitude, was formerly attributed to the moder-
ating influence of the great warm ocean current, the Gulf Stream.
But it is now held by the best authorities that this current does not
extend eastward from the American coast beyond 50° west longitude,

d2
xl INTRODUCTION.

so that its effect on Irish climate must be quite inappreciable.
It is probably to the prevailing south-west winds, travelling over
wide ocean areas before they impinge on the Irish coast, that our
more equable and humid climate is due. Experiments conducted
by Dr. Humphrey Lloyd, in 1851, showed that the temperature of
the sea off the west coast of Ireland exceeded that of the air on
land by 1:8° Fahrenheit in summer and 5-7° in winter.

The influence of the vapour-laden south-west winds is clearly
shown in the distribution of the Irish rain-fall, which reaches its.
maximum in the south-west, where the lofty Kerry mountains act
as condensers, while it decreases in a marked degree towards the
east and north. The mean annual rain-fall at Valentia for the six
years, 1890-95, was 53°6 inches, while in wet years, both here and
at Killarney, another south-western station, the total annual rdin-
fall has risen to 61 inches. For the same six years the mean at
Markree, in Sligo, a western station some 150 miles northward of
Valentia, was 40°5 inches. On the eastern side of the island,
Dublin city for the same period gave a mean of 26-5 inches, and
Armagh of 29°3 inches. The amount of the decrease in rain-falk
from west to east varies greatly according to the position with
respect to mountain masses of the stations compared, and the number-
of stations for which statistics are available is too small to permit
of any trustworthy average being arrived at for the west and east
coasts. But we are concerned here only with the broad features of
the Irish climate, and one of these is unquestionably the general.
contrast in humidity between west and east. :

To these climatic differences between the two sides of the island,
certain differences in the vegetation may be directly ascribed, as.
well as differences in the respective floras. In the west, the pro-
portion of the vegetation, or total mass of plant life, which is made.
up of individuals belonging to the moisture-loving orders—Cype-.
races, Rushes, Ferns, &c.—is much largerthan in the east; anda few
species, which are confined to the west and south-west, such as.
Sibthorpia europea, Microcala filiformis, and Saxifraga Geum, are
perhaps so confined by the absence elsewhere in Ireland of the degree
of humidity and equability of climate necessary to their maintenance.

Ill. Tux Taisen any Enerisn FLoras comparep.

Viewed as a whole, the flora of Ireland may be regarded as an
incomplete English flora, as this in its turn may be regarded as an
INTRODUCTION. xii

incomplete west European or French flora. It is in the species
which it lacks that the Irish flora chiefly differs from the English ;
and the vast majority of the English plants which are absent from
Ireland are common or widespread in western continental Europe.
Taking as standard the third edition of Hooker’s Students Flora of
the British Isles, published in 1884, we find that, in round numbers,
1420 species and sub-species of Flowering Plants and Vascular
Cryptograms, either native or fully naturalized, occur in England
and Wales, against 1000 in Ireland.* In making this comparison,
care has been taken to exclude with equal severity from the floras
of the two areas all introduced plants not fully naturalized, so that
the ratio of 70 to 100 may be taken as a fairly accurate expression
of the relative richness of the two floras. It will be seen that the
comparison here made is one of Ireland with England. and Wales
only, so that the areas compared are less glaringly dissimilar in
extent and in range of latitude, and consequent range of climates,
than would be the case if the comparison were made with Great
Britain asa whole. The flora of Great Britain, on the standard
already mentioned, numbers 1480 species and sub-species, the ratio
of the total Irish flora to this being 67°5 to 100.

British Type.—Almost all of the commonest indigenous plants
of England, the British Type species of Watson, are found in Ireland,
where, as in England, they make up what may be called the ground-
work of the flora. Out of a total of 544 plants of this type found
in England and Wales, only the following eight species are wanting
in Ireland :—

British Type Plants absent from Ireland.

Helianthemum vulgare. Chrysosplenium alterni- Paris quadrifolia.
Genista anglica. folium. Juncus compressus.
Potentilla verna. Erythrea littoralis. Avena pratensis.

English and Germanic Types.—But when we come to the less
widespread groups or types in the English flora, such as the English
Type made up of plants which have their chief prevalence in England
and particularly in its more southern provinces, to the Germante,
Intermediate, Scottish, and Atlantic types which find their chiet
development respectively in East England, in Middle Britain, in
North Britain, and in West and South-west England, and to the

* The Characea are excluded from both the English and Irish totals.
xhii INTRODUCTION.

Highland Type or mountain plants, the deficiencies of the Irish flora.
become at once more prominent. The following table, based on
Watson’s Compendium of the Cybele Britannica, 1870, is designed to.
show the comparative richness of the English and Irish floras under
these various types. The exclusion from this table of the Highland
and Scottish type plants absent from England and Wales has dimi-
nished the total number of these types by some 58 species.

Representation of Watson's Botanical Types in England
and Wales, and in Ireland.

Number in Number
oo yee Ireland.
British, . A . ° 544 . 536 or 98 per cent.
English. . . . 9881 . 246 or 645,, 4,
Scottish and Intermediate, 98 3 62 or 63:3,,  ,,
Highland, a . . 67 i 41 or 61:2,, ,,
Atlantic, . : : . 62 . 84 or 655°0,, ,,
Germanic, rs ” 102 . 12 or LT 45 45

The extreme poverty of the Irish flora in Germanic Type plants,
or plants chiefly prevalent in the provinces of East England border-
ing on the German Ocean, is the most striking feature in this com-
parative table. The following list shows all the species of this type
which can be accepted as Irish. Of the total number of 12 plants
in this list, four are certainly or probably introduced ; of the remain-
ing eight, six are rare; and four, Astragalus hypoglottis, Limosella
aquatica, Glyceria Borrert, and Polygonum mite, extremely so.

Germanie Type Plants in Ireland.

Astragalus hypoglottis. *Senecio viscosus. Polygonum mite.
tGalium erectum. Hypopithys multiflora. | Orchis pyramidalis.
*Crepis biennis. Limosella aquatica. Glyceria Borreri.

C. taraxacifolia. Teucrium Scordium. +Bromus erectus.

Existing climatic influences would seem to have played but a sub-
ordinate part in producing this remarkable poverty of East England
plants in Ireland, or, indeed, the large deficiencies of species of the
English type. The main cause is more obscure, and must be sought
for in the geological history of the British Isles. There is a strong
body of evidence to show, that Ireland, as an island, is of much
INTRODUCTION. xliii

greater antiquity than Great Britain, or, to express the same fact
in other words, to show that Great Britain maintained its land
connection with the Continent long after it had lost its land con-
nection with Ireland. As a consequence of this longer insulation of
the more western island, the stream of migration, by which we may
assume the British Isles to have received from the Continent their
present plant population, or, at least, the great bulk of it, at or
towards the close of the last Glacial Period, was, in the case of Ireland,
cut off much earlier than in the case of Great Britain. The advance
guard of aggressive species, the British type and a large section of
the English type, had time to push westward into Ireland before its
eastward land-connections were broken down; but the rear-guard
of more slowly spreading species found their westward progress
checked by the land subsidence which created the Irish sea. The
mass of this rear-guard was probably formed of the Germanic type
plants, a group so little aggressive in character that it seems to have
been quite unable to push its way, as a whole, across England in
the face of the more hardy settlers who had gone before and
occupied the ground.

Highland Type.—While we may find in such considerations as
these at least a partial explanation of the large deficiencies of the
Irish flora in the Germanic and English types, it is rather to
existing unfavourable climatic conditions that we should attribute
the chief influence in producing its deficiencies in the Highland
type. Not only are the Irish mountains inferior on the whole in
elevation to the Welsh and Cumbrian mountains, but their distri-
bution is such as to prevent the production of the possible maxi-
mum of alpine conditions. The highest Irish summits, the
Magillicuddy’s Reeks, are placed in the extreme south-west of the
island, where latitude and the moderating influence of the large
adjacent ocean area combine to bring about perhaps the minimum
of alpine conditions which could be produced anywhere in Ireland
by a mountain mass of such elevation. In England, on the con-
trary, the Cumbrian summits, while little inferior in elevation to
the Reeks, lie some 23 degrees of latitude farther northward, and
the Snowdon group in Wales, with an elevation some 150 feet
greater than the Reeks, lies northward of them by a full degree of
latitude. In north Ireland, moreover, the mountain groups are
fully 600 feet inferior in elevation to the English groups under the
same parallel of latitude. Such being the position of the Irish
xliy INTRODUCTION.

mountains, their deficiencies in species of the Highland type can
hardly be considered anomalous.

A glance at the following list of the plants of this type found
in Ireland, numbering 41 in all, will show that they have a marked
tendency to a western distribution. Neglecting two species which
are confined to the north, it will be seen from the prefixed letters
W. and E., that while no less than 36 of the species occur in West
Ireland, only 27 are found in the Kast. Of the 36 species found in
the West, 12 are absent from the East; of the 27 found in the East,
only 3 are absent from the West.

Highland Type Plants in Ireland.

Ww. Thalictrum alpinum. W.E. Hieracium gothicum.
W.E. Subularia aquatica. E. H. corymbosum.
W.E. Draba incana. W. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi.
W. Arabis petraa. W.E. Vaccinium Vitis-Idma.
W.E. Silene acaulis. Ww. Polygonum viviparum.
W.E. Dryas octopetala. Ww. Oxyria digyna.

N. Rubus Chamemorus. W.E. Salix herbacea.

W.E. Alchemilla alpina. W.E. Juniperus nana.

W.E. Saxifraga oppositifolia. E. Carex pauciflora.

Ww. 8. nivalis. W.E. C. rigida.

W.E.  S. stellaris. W.E.  C. aquatilis.

W.E.  S. aizoides. Ww. Deschampsia alpina.
W.E. Sedum Rhodiola. Ww. Sesleria cerulea,

W. Epilobium alsinefolium. Ww. Poa alpina.

W.E. Galium boreale. W.E. Cryptogramme crispa.
W.E. Saussurea alpina. Ww. Aspidium Lonchitis.
W.E. Hieracium anglicum, WwW. Asplenium viride.
W.E. HO. iricum. W.E. Lycopodium alpinum.
N. H. prenanthoides. W.E.  Selaginella selaginoides.
W.E. 4H. crocatum. W.E. —Isoetes lacustris.

E. H. strictum.

Allof the 12 Highland Type plants which in Ireland are confined
to the West, occur in West England or Wales, so that it is hard
to account for their absence from East Ireland if we assume them to
have made part of a great plant migration spreading westward from
the European continent across England into Ireland, towards the
close of the last Glacial Period. The difference in the character
of the eastern and western mountain groups of Ireland certainly
seems inadequate to account for these absences. But we are hardly
justified in supposing the glaciation of Ireland to have com-
pletely denuded the country of its plant population. The existence
INTRODUCTION. xlv

at the present day of a littoral flora in Greenland, where the con-
ditions may be taken as fairly typical of those which obtained in
Ireland during the Glacial Period, renders it not, improbable that
a similar flora made up of Highland, that is Arctic or sub-Arctic
species, may have maintained itself in some favoured spots along
our sea-board, while the country, as a whole, lay buried under an
ice-sheet. Ifwe conceive the Irish Highland Type plants of to-
day to be derived from such a remnant of our ancient flora, main-
taining itself chiefly along the western Atlantic sea-board, where
the climatic conditions were probably most favourable during the
last Glacial Period, and retreating to its present mountain stations
on the advent of a milder climate, then the absence from East
Ireland of the 12 Highland species common to West Ireland and
West England may become somewhat less perplexing. But in
considering this, as all other problems in plant distribution it must
always be borne in mind that the causes in operation have been
highly complex. Past geological changes; present climate and
configuration of the surface; accidental or occasional means of
transport across sea-channels; constitution of soils: all of these
have had a share in bringing about the existing disposition of
the Irish Highland flora.

The following ten species of this Highland group, or just one-
fourth of the total number, descend in Ireland to, or almost to,
sea-level :—

Draba incana. Galium. boreale. Juniperus nana.

Dryas octopetala. Hieracium anglicum. Sesleria czerulea.
Saxifraga aizoides. H. iricum. Selaginella selaginoides.
Sedum Rhodiola.

Scottish and Intermediate Types.—As was shown in the com-
parative table on p. xlii, 64 per cent. of these types, combined,
representing the boreal element in the English flora, is found in
Treland. The Irish plants of these types are set out in the
following list :—

Scottish and Intermediate Type Plants in Ireland.

Thalictrum minus. Arenaria verna. Potentilla fruticosa.
Trollius europzeus. Geranium sylvaticum. Rubus saxatilis.
Helianthemum canum. Vicia Orobus. Poterium officinale.
Viola lutea. V. sylvatica. Rosa hibernica.

Sagina subulata. Prunus Padus. Saxifraga Hirculus.
xlvi INTRODUCTION.

Scottish and Intermediate Type Plants in Ireland—continued.

Saxifraga hypnoides. Pyrola secunda. Potamogeton filiformis.
Parnassia palustris. Gentiana verna. P. prelongus.

Drosera anglica. Mertensia maritima. P. nitens.

Callitriche autumnalis. Melampyrum sylvaticum. Eriocaulon septangulare.
Circea alpina. Pinguicula vulgaris. Scirpus rufus.

Myrrhis odorata. Orobanche rubra. Carex dioica.
Ligusticum scoticum. Ajuga pyramidalis. C. limosa.

Galium sylvestre. Lamium intermedium. C. filiformis.

Antennaria dioica. Galeopsis versicolor. Festuca sylvatica.
Crepis paludosa. Empetrum nigrum. Elymus arenarius.
Lobelia Dortmanna. Salix pentandra. Polypodium Phegopteris.
Andromeda polifolia. 8. nigricans. P. Dryopteris.

Pyrola rotundifolia. 8. phylicifolia. Equisetum pratense.

P. media. Listera cordata. E. hyemale.

P. minor. Habenaria albida. E. variegatum.

In its Irish distribution, this group shows no decided tendency
to a northward prevalence. If we take latitude 543° as marking
the southward limit of northern species in Ireland, we find that no
less than 50 out of the 60 Scottish and Intermediate Type plants
set out in the above list range southward to or below this limit,
while 25 reach to or below latitude 52°. A little more than half
of the total of 60 species in the group is made up of plants which
become perceptibly more frequent towards the north of Ireland,
though this increase in frequency is in many cases by no means
strongly marked. Only 8 of the 60 fail to reach so far south as
543°, and can be regarded as truly boreal in Ireland. These are :—
Trollius europaeus, Geranium sylvaticum, Rosa hibernica, Ligusticum
scoticum, Pyrola secunda, Melampyrum sylvaticum, Salix nigricans,
and Kguisetum pratense.

Atlantic Type.—The name of this type, selected by Watson,
as were all his other type-names, solely with a view to exhibiting
the salient features in the distribution of plants in Great Britain,
is singularly unhappy when used with reference to the Irish flora.
One would naturally expect to find an Atlantic group of plants
very fully represented in an island possessing, as Ireland does, a
long extended line of Atlantic sea-board, and would also expect to
find the group absent from, or at least but little developed in, East
Ireland. But, as has been shown (p. xlii), only 84 out of a total
of 62, or 55 per cent. of the group, occur in Ireland. Of these 34, no
less than 26 are found in the east. Still, in Ireland, the group
INTRODUCTION. xlvii

shows a tendency to an Atlantic distribution thus far, that while
only one species, Seclla verna is confined to the East as opposed
to the South and West, eight species, Carum verticillatum, Bartsia
viscosa, Sibthorpia europea, Asparagus officinalis, Rhynchospora
Susca, Bromus madritensis, Asplenium lanceolatum, and Adiantum
Capilius- Veneris, which occur in the South or West, are absent from
the East. At the same time, many of the species found in the
East become more abundant in the South and West. In the
following list the letter E. denotes the species of this type which
are found in East Ireland.

Atlantic Type Plants in Ireland.

E. Meconopsis cambrica. E. Wahlenbergia hederacea.

E. Coronopus didyma. E. Statice occidentalis.

E. Mathiola sinuata. Bartsia viscosa.

E. Raphanus maritimus. Sibthorpia europea,

E. Viola Curtisii. E. Pinguicula lusitanica.

E. Linum angustifolium. E. Euphorbia Paralias.

E. Lavatera arborea. E. E. portlandica.

E. Hypericum Androsemum. Asparagus officinalis.

E. H. elodes. E. Scilla verna.

E. Erodium maritimum. E. Scirpus Savii.

E. E. moschatum. Rhynchospora fusca.

E. Sedum anglicum. Bromus madritensis.

E. Cotyledon Umbilicus. E. Hymenophyllum tunbridgense.
Carum verticillatum. E. H. unilaterale.

E. Crithmum maritimum. Adiantum Capillus-Veneris.

E. Rubia peregrina. Asplenium lanceolatum.

E. Inula crithmoides. E. Lastrea emula.

If the name, Norman type, proposed by Forbes for this group,
be used instead of Atlantic type, then its imperfect development
in Ireland will cease to arrest attention, and an explanation will
suggest itself similar to that already offered here for the more
striking deficiency in Ireland of the Germanic type plants.

IV. Intse Prants wot rounp in Great Britain.

While distinguished from the flora of England above all by its
comparative poverty, the Irish flora possesses at the same time a
positive element of difference in the presence of a small number
of interesting plants, nowhere found in Great Britain. These
xlviii INTRODUCTION..

Hibernian type plants, as they have been named, are set out in the
following list :—

Saxifraga umbrosa. Ranunculus tripartitus.

S. Geum. Arenaria ciliata.

Arbutus Unedo. Inula salicina.

Pinguicula grandiflora. Euphrasia Salisburgensis.

Dabeocia polifolia. Habenaria intacta.

Erica mediterranea. Spiranthes Romanzoffiana.

E. Mackaii. Sisyrinchium angustifolium.
Carex rhynchophysa.

To these may be added two Irish species of Characee, Chara
denudata, and Nitella Nordstetiana, which, so far as the present
evidence shows, are absent from England.

Cantabrian Group—To the seven plants placed in the first
column of this list, the name Cantabrian group may be conveniently
given. In Ireland all of these are western or south-western, and
range under our favourable conditions of climate to a higher northern
latitude than they reach anywhere on the European continent.
Some of them are found sparingly in Western France so far north
as the Loire, but the group finds its nearest full development, as a
whole, some 600 miles south of Ireland in the maritime highlands
of Cantabria and Galicia in Northern Spain. The most wide-spread
of all is Saxifraga umbrosa, the common London Pride of English
gardens. This ranges from the east of Waterford, south-west to
Kerry, and thence at intervals along the Atlantic coast to the
extreme north of Donegal. The other members of the group are
confined to much more limited areas, and from the point of view of
distribution in Ireland divide themselves into two sub-groups, a
south-western and a western.

The first of these sub-groups is made up of the three species,
Arbutus Unedo, Saxifraga Geum, and Pinguicula grandiflora, and
is confined to those parts of the counties of Cork and Kerry which
form the extreme south-western angle of the island. The most
southern in character of these three species, Arbutus Unedo, the
well known Strawberry Tree, is in Ireland the rarest and the most
restricted in range. Save at the Killarney Lakes, where it grows
in great luxuriance, it occurs only in scattered groups or individuals,
and at all or most of its outlying stations seems doomed to early
extinction. The other species are far more abundant and widespread,
the beautiful Pinguicula grandiflora making in early summer a
striking ornament both of the lowland bogs and of the dripping
INTRODUCTION. xlix

mountain gullies and rock-shelves in many parts of Cork and Kerry.
To this south-western sub-group may be added Sawifraga hirsuta, a
plant intermediate between S. wmbrosa and S. Geum, but entitled
to rank only as a variety. This is of frequent occurrence in the
south-west.

Almost a full degree of latitude separates the northern limit of
this division of the Cantabrian group from the southern limit of the
second or western division. The latter is made up of the three
heaths, Erica mediterranea, Dabeocia polifolia, and Erica Mackaiit,
whose area of distribution in Ireland is confined to the western
parts of the counties of Mayo and Galway. The so-called
Mediterranean Heath, which, in spite of its name, is nowhere found
in the Mediterranean region, occurs abundantly in West Ireland in
many stations, from Roundstone in Galway northward to Belmullet
in Mayo, over a distance of some 60 miles. Here its early flowering
character is well preserved, the plant being usually found in full
bloom with us towards the middle of March. The more beautiful
Dabeocia polifolia, the Connemara or Saint Dabeoc’s Heath is
quite as widely distributed in the district, for while its northward
range from Galway Bay to Curraun Achill falls considerably short
of that of the Mediterranean Heath, its inland extension is much
greater. The third member of this sub-group, Erica Mackati, which
occurs in the neighbourhood of Roundstone, is apparently much
rarer than either of the others, and its claims to specific rank are
perhaps little stronger than those of Saxdfraga hirsuta. It can
hardly be regarded as more than a sub-species of #. TZetralix.
The exclusively western distribution of this Cantabrian group in
Ireland is shown graphically on the botanical map issued with this
edition.

Origin of the Cantabrian Growp.—Of the many problems in plant
distribution, presented by a study of the Irish flora, perhaps none
is more perplexing, certainly none has excited more interest or
speculation, than the remarkable isolation in Ireland of this
Cantabrian group at the extreme northern and western limit of its
present European range. It is only in past geological changes that
we can hope to find a solution of this problem. The members of
the group are undoubtedly indigenous in Ireland ; and the hypothesis
which regards them as relics of a once widespread pre-glacial flora
seems to be the one which, however opén to objection, presents the
least difficulty. Under this view we may assume the group to have
ranged in pre-glacial times from the southward into that part of the
1 INTRODUCTION.

westward extension of the European continent which succeeding
changes of land-level have converted into the insular Ireland of
to-day. Then, as now, the members of the group were no doubt
largely sub-littoral or marginal in their distribution, and their
northern march was made along the western coasts of the old
pre-glacial Europe. Their survival in Ireland throughout the
Glacial Period may have been rendered possible by the prevalence
of an exceptionally mild climate in some favoured spots along our
western sea-board, co-existent as in the case of modern Greenland,
with generally rigorous conditions close at hand. The absence at
the same time of such an exceptional climate over a large part of
Western France or of that portion of the old continent most closely
coincident with the Western France of to-day, may have led to the
extinction of the species there over wide areas. Vestiges of the
group are still found along this assumed old line of march as far
north almost as the Loire in Western France, while two species
closely related to the group by distribution and sub-littoral habitat,
Erica vagans and #. cilaris, range from Portugal and Northern
Spain into Normandy and South-west England.

The high northern latitude attained by this Cantabrian group
in Ireland shows the exceptional mildness of our insular climate,
and this is further illustrated by the range of another Hibernian
type species, Habenarta intacta, which occurs in many stations, and
often abundantly, in Galway, Clare, and Mayo. The following
table shows the extreme northern limits reached in Ireland and on
the European continent by this section of the Hibernian type
species :—

Northern Limits of the Cantabrian Group.

On the European

Continent. In Ireland.

Habenaria intacta, . 433° N. Lat. : 533° N. Lat.
Saxifraga umbrosa, . 453°, ‘ 55,
Erica mediterranea, é 454°, é 542°,
Dabeocia polifolia, ‘ 45°, : 54° 515
Saxifraga Geum, 5 432°, : 522°,
Arbutus Unedo, . ; 46° “3 é 52°

a . . 2
Pinguicula grandiflora, . 477°, 3 babe,

. ne 2
Erica Mackaii, . . s 492°, - 53h° yy

North American Group.—Neither in Ireland nor outside of it do
the remaining members of the Hibernian type, te. Spiranthes
INTRODUCTION. li

Romansofiana, Stsyrinchium angustifolium, Arenaria ciliata, Inula
salicina, Huphrasia Salisburgensis, and Carex rhynchophysa, form
any natural botanical group. They have no common focus in Ireland
or elsewhere. If, however, we join with the first two, three other
Irish species, none of which is peculiar in the British Isles, to Ireland,
we have the following small group of North American character
whose presence with us gives rise to another most difficult problem
in distribution :—

North American Group.

Spiranthes Romanzoffiana Eriocaulon septangulare.
{Sisyrinchium angustifolium. Naias flexilis.
tJuncus tenuis.

While the species of the Cantabrian group are beyond all question
indigenous in Ireland, there is reason to suspect that two of these
North American plants, the Sisyrinchium and the Juncus, may have
been introduced. As for the remaining three species of the North
American group, no doubt has ever been raised as to their indigenous
standing in Ireland. The rare Spiranthes Romanzoffiana, an orchid
unknown elsewhere in Europe, occurs in Ireland in the counties of
Armagh and Derry in the north, and Cork in the extreme south-west,
an interval of more than 200 miles, separating its northern and
southern stations. In North America, as in Kamtschatka, its only
known Asiatic station, this species is sub-arctic in range. Far more
abundant in Ireland is Hriocaulon septangulare. This extends at
intervals all along our west coasts from Adrigole in Cork to the
Rosses in Donegal, and occurs in great profusion in most of the
lakes of Iar Connaught and Connemara in West Galway. The
third undoubtedly indigenous member of this American group,
Navas flewilis, is rare in Ireland. So far, it has been discovered in
only three of our lakes, one in Galway, and two in Kerry, but it is
a plant of rather deep water, not easily detected, and further dredg-
ing of our numerous western lakes may much extend its range in
Ireland. This species occurs in Perthshire and Skye in Scotland,
and in several stations in Northern Europe; but the Hrvocaulon fails
to reach the European continent, and in Great Britain is confined to
the Scotch islands of Skye and Coll.

Every attempt to explain the presence in Ireland, of these
northern American species, as they may be considered, is beset with
difficulty. It seems best on the whole to regard them as relics of
hi INTRODUCTION.

an ancient immigration into Ireland in a direction roughly speaking
contrary to that followed by the Cantabrian group, as relics, in fact,
of a dispersion from the Arctic or Sub-Arctic regions, which, in one of
its lines, was probably carried on along an old land extension con-
necting Greenland, Spitzbergen, and Scandinavia with Scotland and
Ireland. Along the same path, too, may perhaps have travelled
three of the four remaining Hibernian type plants, Arenaria ciliata
of the high limestone plateau of Ben Bulben, Huphrasia Salisburgen-
sés of the low-level limestone of Clare and Galway, and Carex
rhynchophysa, recently discovered in Armagh, all three decidedly
northern or alpine in character.

The last of the Hibernian type plants, Inula salicina, confined in
the British Isles to the shores and islands of Lough Derg on the
Shannon, is extremely widespread in Europe, ranging from Scandi-
navia to the Italian peninsula, and from middle Russia to Portugal.
The remarkable isolation of this species in Ireland seems to defy
explanation.

V. Prevatent ORDERS IN THE IRIsH Frora.

The more truly insular position of Ireland and the resulting
contrast in its climate with that of England would lead us to expect
some differences in the distribution of the plants of both countries
amongst the various natural orders. A detailed comparison of the
two floras justifies this expectation. Differences, quite appreciable
if in no case very large, are found to exist in the numerical pro-
portions borne by the total of species in several of the Orders to the
total flora of each country; and these differences usually lie in the
direction suggested by d prior? considerations. The subjoined
table, founded on the present work, on the 38rd Edition of Hooker’s
Student’s Flora of the British Isles and on Nyman’s Conspectus Flore
Europea, shows the extent of these differences, and at the same
time the wide divergences in the ratios of the larger Orders to the
total floras when the relatively small insular areas of Ireland and
England are compared with the European continent. In estimating
the percentages, the total floras of Ireland, of England, and of
Europe, inclusive of the Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams,
have been taken, in round numbers, as 1000, 1420, and 11,530
species and sub-species, and the orders are arranged in accordance
with their size in Ireland. Orders containing less than 2 per cent.
of the total Irish flora have not been taken into consideration.
INTRODUCTION. liii

Number of species and sub-species in each of the prevalent Natural
Orders in Ireland, in England, and in Europe, with their per-
centage ratios to the total floras.

Numbers and percentages.
‘oaeitana

 

Orders. In Ireland. In England. In Europe. :
Composite, 5 : é 83 8:3 112 7°88 1676 14°5
Graminee, ‘ : ‘ 76 7°6 102 7:18 672 5:8
Cyperaceze, e : ‘j 70 7:0 88 6:2 985 2:47
Rosacez, ‘ 5 62 6:2 76 5:3 429 3°7
Crucifere, : z ‘ 43° 4:3 62 4°36 648 5°6
Leguminose, .- . . 39 3:9 68 4:8 970 8-4
Labiate, . c 87 37 52 3°6 506 4°39
Caryophyllez, . : z 36 3°6 53 3°7 623 5-4
Umbellifere, . ‘ 36 36 56 4°0 586 5:0
‘Scrophularinex, 7 3 36 3°6 49 3:45 475 4:1
Filices, . : 3 b 82 3:2 41 2°88 93 0:8
Naiadacez, ; 2 : 381 3-1 87 2°6 60 0°52
Ranunculacee, 5 ‘3 26 2°6 36 2:5 316 2:7
Orchidex, a . 24 294 40 2°8 124 1:07
Polygonacex, 5 : : 23° 2-3 28 2-0 90 0-77

Diversities of opinion as to the limits of species must always
introduce an element of uncertainty into estimates such as that
given in the foregoing table; but in the present instance the autho-
rities made use of are not so widely at variance in their views on
this point as to make the results to any serious degree untrust-
worthy. In the case of the order Composite, however, the process
of segregation in the genus Hieraciwm has been carried so much
farther by Continental botanists than by Hooker, our species standard
for England and Ireland, that the percentage ratio of that order for
Europe is no doubt overstated, perhaps by so much as one per cent.

VI. Prants ENDEMIC IN IRELAND.

The endeavour to establish the existence of peculiar plant-forms
in Ireland is of great interest in connection with the theory of
organic evolution. A few Irish plants have been proposed as truly
endemic, or peculiar to the island, but they are all of them more or

e
liv INTRODUCTION.

less critical, and can be confidently discriminated only by those who
have made a special study of the genus to which each form may
belong. So small is the number of such specialists and so large is
the field over which the inquiry must range, that the proverbial
difficulty of proving a negative becomes in such cases little short of
an impossibility. However long and however conscientious the
search may have been, we can never assert with confidence of any
of these supposed endemic forms that they do not occur outside of
the area to which they are supposed to be peculiar. So we can
only say of the following plants, supposed to be peculiar to Ireland,
that the best authorities have hitherto been unable to establish
their occurrence elsewhere. There can be little doubt that the
result of further study of the more critical forms of other countries
will be to reduce the number of these supposed endemic Irish plants.

Plants endemic in Ireland.

Polygala vulgarisvar.cRanpIrLora. Calamagrostis stricta var. HooxEntr.
Potamogeton Kirkii. Equisetum Moorei.
P. lanceolatus var. HIBERNICUS. Isoetes lacustris var. Moxrr.

Several forms of Rubus and Hieracium, proposed as peculiar to
Ireland, have been deliberately excluded from this list. Whatever
the value of these may be, it is obvious that the time has not yet
come for the expression of any confident opinion as to their dis-
tribution either in Ireland or outside of it.

VII. Topoeraruican Groups on tHe Iris Frora.

In the preceding paragraphs the external relations of the Irish
flora have been discussed at some length; in the present a glance
will be taken at what may be termed its internal relations. While
the great mass of Irish plants show a tendency to range throughout
the island, no less than 423 being at present known to occur in all
12 districts, and 82 in 11 districts, some small groups affect an
exclusively eastern or western distribution, as others affect a distri-
bution exclusively northern or southern. If we class as Northern
all plants not found south of latitude 542° N., as Southern those not
found north of latitude 52}° N., as Eastern those not found west of
longitude 7° W., and as Western those not found east of longitude
8° W., we shall have the following divisions of the flora, which
for want of a more accurate term may be conveniently called
topographical groups.
INTRODUCTION.

Western Plants.

ly

(Not found East of Longitude 8° W.)

Thalictrum alpinum.
Ranunculus tripartitus.
Arabis petrea. :
Helianthemum guttatum.
H. vineale.
Viola stagnina.
Arenaria ciliata.
Astragalus hypoglottis.
Lathyrus maritimus.
Spirea Filipendula.
Potentilla fruticosa.
Rosa micrantha.
Saxifraga nivalis.
S. Geum.
Epilobium alsinefolium.
Galium sylvestre.
Tnula salicina.
*Senecio squalidus.
Hieracium Gibsoni.

Arbutus Unedo.
Erica Mackaii.
E. mediterranea.
Dabeocia polifolia.
Microcala filiformis.
Gentiana verna.
Limosella aquatica.
Sibthorpia europxa.
Euphrasia Salisburgen-
sis.
Pinguicula grandiflora.
Thymus Chamedrys.
Teucrium Scordium.
Ajuga pyramidalis.
Oxyria digyna.
Epipactis atro-rubens.
Habenaria intacta.
tSisyrinchium angusti-
folium.

Southern Plants.

Simethis bicolor.
Allium Babingtonii.
fA. Scorodoprasum.
tJuncus tenuis.
Potamogeton lanceolatus.
P. Kirkii.
Naias flexilis.
Eriocaulon septangulare.
Rhynchospora fusca.
Carex punctata.
Deschampsia discolor.
Poa alpina,
Adiantum Capillus-Vene-
ris.
Asplenium lanceolatum.
Polystichum Lonchitis.
Lycopodium inundatum.
Isoetes echinospora.
Nitella Nordstedtiana.

(Not found North of Latitude 523° N.)

Ranunculus tripartitus.
TLepidium latifolium.
Lathyrus maritimus.
Rosa micrantha.
Saxifraga Geum.
Diotis candidissima.
*Senecio squalidus.

Arbutus Unedo.
Microcala filiformis.

Asparagus officinalis.
fAllium Scorodoprasum.

yAntirrhinum Orontium. Carex punctata.

Sibthorpia europawa.
Pinguicula grandiflora.

{Rumex pulcher.

Simethis bicolor.

Asplenium lanceolatum.
Chara connivens.

C. canescens.

Nitella Nordstedtiana.

It will be seen from a study of these lists that more than three-

fourths of the southern plants are included in the western group,
or, in other words, that the great majority of the distinctively southern
species are confined to the south-west, where the two arbitrary
topographical divisions of south and west Ireland overlap. Only
three of the southern plants, Diotis candidissima, Asparagus offci-
nalis, and Chara connivens are confined to the south-east.

e2
lvi INTRODUCTION.

Eastern Plants.
(Not found West of Longtitude 7° W.)

Thalictrum dunense. Adoxa Moschatellina. Potamogeton fluitans.
Ranunculus fluitans. *Senecio viscosus. Zannichellia polycarpa.
Barbarea. intermedia. S. erucifolius. Carex paucifiora.
{Sisymbrium Irio. Hieracium flocculosum.  C. elongata.
tTeesdalia nudicaulis. H. prenanthoides. C. divisa.
Elatine Hydropiper. H. strictum. C. Buxbaumii.
Hypericum hirsutum. H. auratum. C. rhyncophysa.
Geranium sylvaticum. H. corymbosum. Calamagrostis stricta.
G. pratense. Pyrola secunda. Poa palustris.
Trigonella ornithopo- {Hottonia palustris. Glyceria Borreri.
dioides. Myosotis collina. Festuca uniglumis.
tTrifolium subterraneum. Scrophularia umbrosa. Equisetum Moorei.
tT. glomeratum. Atriplex farinosa. Chara connivens.
Rosa hibernica. Scilla verna. Tolypella prolifera.
R. glauca. Colchicum autumnale. T. intricata.
Saxifraga granulata. *Acorus Calamus. Nitella gracilis.
Northern Plants.
(Not found South of Latitude 543° N.)
Ranunculus fluitans. Adoxa Moschatellina. Potamogeton fluitans.
Trollius europzus. Ligusticum scoticum. Zannichellia polycarpa-
}Teesdalia nudicaulis. Hieracium prenanthoides. Carex pauciflora.
Geranium sylvaticum. Pyrola secunda. C. Buxbaumnii.
G. pratense. Melampyrum sylvaticum. C. rhynchophysa.
Rubus Chamemorus. Ulmus montana. Calamagrostis stricta.
Rosa hibernica. Salix nigricans. Equisetum pratense.

Almost three-fourths of the Northern Plants are confined to the
north-east, this group showing a tendency to an eastern distribu-
tion hardly less strongly marked than that shown by the Southern
group to a western distribution. Whatever the origin of these
topographical groups may have been, they may be taken as an
expression of existing climatic differences. Their maintenance
as groups depends chiefly on the permanence of the recognized
diversities of moisture and temperature which distinguish the East
from the West and the North from the South.

VIII. Intse Borantcan Disrriers.

The division of Ireland into botanical provinces or districts adopted
in this work is that proposed by the late Professor Babington in a
INTRODUCTION. Ivii

Paper read before the Dublin University Zoological and Botanical
Association in 1859.1 To avoid confusion, the word ‘ district’ has
been selected here to denote these botanical divisions, the word
‘ province,’ used by Watson in his Cybele Britannica for a similar
‘purpose, being applied in Ireland to the larger political divisions
of the country, known as Ulster, Leinster, Munster, and Connaught.
In Babington’s original scheme the Irish divisions were numbered
consecutively with the British, from XTX. (South Atlantic) to
XXX. (Ulster Coast). For good reasons, however, these numbers
were rejected by the authors of the first edition of this work in
favour of the separate series from I. to XII., which has been
adhered to in the present edition. In area,. the Irish districts,
which are set out below in one general view, correspond much
more closely to Watson’s sub-provinces than to his provinces,?

Approx. Number of

Districts. Extension. areainsq. species and
miles. sub-species.
I. South Atlantic. . Kerry and South Cork. . 3143 826
II. Blackwater. . . North Cork, Waterford, 8181 762
South Tipperary.
III. Barrow. . . . Kilkenny, Carlow, Queen’s 1805 641
County.
IV. Leinster Coast. . Wexford and Wicklow. . 1677 771
V. Liffeyand Boyne. Kildare, Dublin, Louth, 2230 797
Meath.
VI. Lower Shannon. . Limerick, Clare, East Gal- 3989 767
way.
VII. Upper Shannon. . N. Tipperary, King’s Co., 2700 624
j Westmeath, Longford.
VIII. North Atlantic. . WestGalway,WestMayo. 2146 698
IX. North Connaught. East Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim, 3086 697
and Roscommon.
X. Erne. . . . . Cavan, Armagh, Ferman- 3733 681
agh, Monaghan, Tyrone.
XI. Donegal. . . . Donegal, and Derry west 1890 722
of the Foyle.
XII. Ulster Coast. . . Down, Antrim, and Derry. 2862 816

 

| Hints towards a Cybele Hibernica.—Nat. Hist. Rev., vi., 1859, p. 533.

*In preparing this tabular view of the Irish Districts and their Floras,
Hooker’s Student’s Flora of the British Isles, 8rd Ed., has been taken as
standard for the Hawkweed species, while the fructicose Rubi have been
counted as a single species occurring in all the Districts.
lviii INTRODUCTION.

The figures in the third and fourth columns of this table illus-
trate the truism in distribution that, over certain limits, increase in
the size of an area has little effect in increasing the variety of
a flora. The statistics show at the same time, that, as regards the
Trish botanical divisions, the richness of the various district floras
depends above all on the fact whether a district is maritime or
inland. The exclusively maritime flora of Ireland numbers about
80 species. All of these must necessarily be wanting in a wholly
inland district, such as the Upper Shannon, and a great majority of
them in the Barrow and Erne districts, which have no true sea-
board, though gaining imperfect access to maritime conditions in a few
miles of salt estuary. Such comparisons of district floras as may be
drawn from the foregoing table are based on the assumption that all
the. areas compared have been fairly well explored. It would have
been idle to make any such assumption when the first edition of
this work was published: it may be made now with some confi-
dence that the results arrived at will not be far wide of the truth,
though further exploration of some of the Districts, and notably of
III., VII., and X., is desirable.

In the following paragraphs an attempt has been made to
epitomize the physical and botanical features of each of the twelve
districts.

DISTRICT I.—SOUTH ATLANTIC.
Kerry and South Cork.
Area, 3148 square miles.— Flora, 826 species and sub-species.

Maritime, occupying the extreme south-west of the island, the
coast being broken by the deep inlets of Dingle Bay, Kenmare
River, and Bantry Bay. The highest summits in Ireland are found
here, Carrantuohill in the Magillicuddy’s Reeks, reaching to 3404 feet
‘and Mount Brandon in the Dingle peninsula to 3120 feet. Other:
high points in Kerry are Baurtregaum, 2796 feet, in Slieve Mish ;
Mangerton, 2754 feet, south of Killarney ; and Coomacarrea, 2542
feet, in the Iveragh mountains. Lakes are numerous in Kerry, but
none of them is of the first magnitude, the largest being Lough
Leane (better known as the Lower Lake, Killarney), Lough Currane,

1The northern boundary of South Cork runs along the west shore of Cork

Harbour, and up the river Lee and its tributary the Sullane, to the Kerry
border.
INTRODUCTION. lix
and Caragh Lake. In addition to the Lee, which forms the boun-
dary between North and South Cork, there is only one considerable
river, the Bandon. In this district the insular climatic conditions
characteristic of Ireland, moisture and mild and equable temperature,
reach their maximum. There is a marked southern element in the
flora, but considering the elevation of the mountains, the Highland
type is but poorly represented by 24 out of the 41 species occurring
in Ireland, the lofty mass of the Reeks yielding but 12 of these.
The Hieracia are conspicuously rare here, as they are generally
throughout the south of Ireland. No less than 10 species are
peculiar in Ireland to this district, and of these three, Saxifraga
Geum, Arbutus Unedo, and Simethis bicolor, reach here their
extreme northern limit for Europe.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Thalictrum alpinum. Sibthorpia europea. Carex Boenninghauseni-
Ranunculus tripartitus. Bartsia viscosa. ana.

fLepidium latifolium. Pinguicula grandiflora. C. aquatilis.
Helianthemum guttatum. Polygonum viviparum. C. punctata.

Lathyrus maritimus. _ Euphorbia hiberna.
Ornithopus perpusillus. +E. amygdaloides.
Alchemilla alpina. Spiranthes Romanzoffi-

Saxifraga Geum. ana.
8. umbrosa. d tSisyrinchium angusti-
Carum verticillatum. folium.

Saussurea alpina. Simethis bicolor.
Wahlenbergia hederacea. {Allium Scorodoprasum.
Arbutus Unedo. tJuncus tenuis.
Hypopithys multiflora. Zostera nana.
Microcala filiformis. Naias flexilis.

Linaria repens. Scirpus parvulus.

Poa alpina.
Hymenophyllum tun-
bridgense.
Trichomanes radicans.
Asplenium lanceolatum.
Aspidium Lonchitis.
Equisetum Wilsoni.
Lycopodium inundatum.
Isoetes echinospora.
Pilularia globulifera.
Chara canescens.
Nitella Nordstedtiana.

DISTRICT I1.—BLACKWATER,

North Cork, Waterford, South Tipperary?
Area, 3181 square miles.—lora, 762 species and sub-species.

Maritime, with shores less bold and broken than in the South
Atlantic district. The Commeragh mountains, in Waterford, rise

1Jn this and the following District lists the plants in italics are peculiar to
the district. Rare, means rare for Ireland.

2 Tipperary is divided into North and South by the Great Southern and
Western Railway.
lx INTRODUCTION.

to 2597 feet; the Knockmealdown mountains, between Waterford
and Tipperary, to 2609 feet; and the Galtees, on the borders of
Tipperary and Limerick, to 3015 feet. The district is without
lakes, but includes two large rivers, the Blackwater and the Suir.
The southern character of the flora shown in District I. is main-
tained here, but is less strongly marked, some of the most charac-
teristic species, such as Arbutus Unedo, Microcala filiformis, Sib-
thorpia europea, and Simethis bicolor having disappeared. At the
same time a large falling off in the Highland type plants is observed,
only 12 species of this group occurring against 24 in District L.,
while the Hieracia have sunk from 8 species down to 3. Only one
peculiar species occurs, Bromus madritensis, and this is probably an
introduction. :

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Ranunculus parviflorus. *Sedum album. {Antirrhinum Orontium.
Brassica nigra. *S. dasyphyllum. {Rumex pulcher.
Corydalis claviculata. Carum verticillatum. Euphorbia hiberna.
Nasturtium sylvestre. *Centranthus ruber. Asparagus officinalis.

*Barbarea precox. Diotis candidissima. fAllium Scorodoprasum,
Arabis petrea. *Senecio squalidus. Juncus acutus.
Geranium rotundifolium. Vaccinium Vitis-Idea. | Rhynchosphora fusca.

*Medicago maculata. {Cuscuta Epithymum. {Bromus madritensis.
Saxifraga Geum. Bartsia viscosa. Asplenium lanceolatum.
8. umbrosa. Pinguicula grandiflora. Trichomanes radicans.

DISTRICT III.—BARROW.
Kilkenny, Carlow, Queen’s County.
Area, 1805 square miles.—/ora, 641 species and sub-species,

Inland, save for a few miles of estuary in county Kilkenny,
affording a small number of maritime species. On the south-east
border of county Carlow are Mount Leinster, 2610 feet, and
Blackstairs, 2409 feet; but the summits belong to the adjoining
county, Wexford. To the north-west are the Slieve Bloom Moun-
tains, in Queen’s County, with Ard Erin, 1783 feet, and Barna,
1661 feet. Though as yet insufficiently explored, this would appear
to be the poorest in rare species of all the Irish botanical districts.
There are but three Highland type plants and three Hieracia,
including the ubiquitous 4. Pilosella. The only peculiar species is
Colchicum autumnale.
INTRODUCTION.

lxi

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Thalictrum flavum.
Cochlearia anglica.
Nasturtium sylvestre.
Stellaria palustris.
Saxifraga Hirculus.
Campanula ‘lrachelium.

Galeopsis angustifolia.
Polygonum maculatum.
Ophrys muscifera.
Cephalanthera ensifolia.
Colchicum autumnale.
Potamogeton nitens.

Scirpus sylvaticus.
Carex axillaris.
Hymenophyllum Tun-
bridgense.
Equisetum hyemale.

DISTRICT IV.—LEINSTER COAST.

Weaford and Wicklow.
Area, 1677 square miles.—Flora, 771 species and sub-species.

Maritime. Mountainous towards the north, with extensive
stretches of sandy coast on the south and south-east. In county
Wicklow are Lugnaquilla, 3039 feet, the highest summit in East
Ireland, Mullaghcleevaun, 2783 feet, and Thonalagee, 2684 feet,
with many other points over 2000 feet; in Wexford are Mount
Leinster, 2610 feet, and Blackstairs, 2409 feet, both extending
into District III. With the exception of the Slaney, all the rivers
are unimportant. The poverty of Highland type plants is perhaps
the most peculiar feature in the flora. Notwithstanding the large
mass and general high elevation of the Wicklow Mountains they
yield but 12 out of the total of 41 Highland type plants found in
Ireland. The Hieracia number 9 and the peculiar species 5.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Ranunculus Lenormandi.
Corydalis claviculata.
Mathiola sinuata.
Viola lutea. ©
V. hirta.
Spergularia rubra.
Trigonella ornithopodi-
oides.
t Trifolium subterraneum.
TT. glomeratum.
T. striatum.
T. fragiferum.
Ornithopus perpusillus.
Vicia lathyroides.
Alchemilla alpina.

Saxifraga granulata.
Sedum Rhodiola.
Epilobium angustifolium.
Inula crithmoides.
Diotis candidissima.
Saussurea alpina.
tPicris echioides.
fLactuca muralis.

Wahlenbergia hederacea.

Myosotis collina.
{Linaria Elatine.
Orobanche major.
{Calamintha Acinos.
Salvia Verbenaca.
Lamium Galeobdolon.

Chenopodium rubrum.
Rumex maritimus.
Asparagus officinalis.
Scilla verna.

Juncus acutus.
Zostera nana.

Scirpus parvulus.
Carex divisa.
Glyceria Borreri.
Festuca uniglumis.
Equisetum Moorei.
Lycopodium alpinum.
Chara connivens.

C. canescens.

Nitella gracilis.
lxii

INTRODUCTION.

DISTRICT V.—LIFFEY AND BOYNE.
Kildare, Dublin, Louth, Meath.

Area, 2230 square miles.— Flora, 797 species and sub-species.

Maritime.

Chiefly lowland, with small mountain areas to the

south and north. The highest summits are Kippure, 2473 feet,
and Seecawn, 2128 feet, in the south; and Carlingford Mountain,
19385 feet, in the north. The greater part of the district belongs
to the basins of the rivers Boyne and Liffey. The flora is a rich

one, but presents no very marked features.

Introduced plants are

numerous; the Highland type species are reduced to 6, Saxifraga
stellaris, Hieracium anglicum, Vaccinium Vitis-Idea, Carex aquatilis,
Cryptogramme crispa, and WSelaginella selaginoides; and 5 plants,
Sisymbrium Irio, Scrophularia umbrosa, Poa palustris, Tolypella
prolifera, and T. intricata are peculiar to the district.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Thalictrum dunense.
Corydalis claviculata.
{Sisymbrium Sophia.
tS. Trio.
Viola hirta.
V. lutea.
Hypericum hirsutum.
Trifolium scabrum.
T. striatum.
Ornithopus perpusillus.
Trigonella ornithopodi-
oides.
tMelilotus officinalis.
Vicia lathyroides.

Cherophyllum temulum.

Saxifraga granulata.

Erigeron acre.
Inula crithmoides.
Artemisia maritima.

*Senecio viscosus.

8S. erucifolius.

tPicris echioides.

Crepis taraxacifolia.
Cynoglossum officinale.
Myosotis collina.
Scrophularia umbrosa.
Salvia Verbenaca.
Lamium Galeobdolon.
Galeopsis angustifolia.
Atriplex farinosa.

A. portulacoides.
Mercurialis annua.

tBromus erectus.

Hydrocharis Morsus-
rane.

Scilla verna.

Zostera nana.

Carex divisa.

C. axillaris.

C. aquatilis.

Poa palustris.

P. nemoralis.

Glyceria Borreri.

Festuca uniglumis.

Elymus arenarius.
Cryptogramme crispa.
Tolypelia prolifera.
T. intricata.

DISTRICT VI.—LOWER SHANNON.

Limerick, Clare, East Galway.

Area, 3989 sq. miles.— Flora, 767 species and sub-species.

Maritime, including the Aran Islands in Galway Bay. The
most distinctive physical feature is the large extent of limestone

‘In Galway the division into East and West is defined by the river
Corrib, and a line through the centre of Lough Corrib.
INTRODUCTION. Lxiti
outcrop in Clare, East Galway, and the Aran Islands. This forma-
tion rises to a height of 1075 feet in Slieve Carran in the Burren
district of Clare, but much of it is quite low-level and disposed in
the characteristic form of tabular and deeply crevassed masses of
almost naked rock, locally known as ‘‘crags.” In the south-east,
Carrig-na-binnian and Thumpadour, at the western extremity of the
Galtee mountain group, rise to 2712 and 2570 feet respectively.
The west shore of Lough Derg and the greater part of the east
shore of Lough Corrib belong to this district, which lies almost
altogether in the basin of the Shannon, and smaller lakes are
frequent in Clare and East Galway. The flora is rich in rare plants,
some of which, notably Gentiana verna and Dryas octopetala occur
in great profusion, while caledcole, or limestone species, are
numerous and abundant. No less than six plants are peculiar to
the district, and three of these, Astragalus hypoglotiis, Ajuga pyra-
midalis, and Potamogeton lanceolatus are among the rarest in Ireland.
There are 7 Hieracia and 8 plants of the Highland type.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Teucrium Scordium.
Ajuga pyramidalis.
Euphorbia hiberna.
Spiranthes autumnalis.
Epipactis atro-rubens.
Habenaria intacta.
TSisyrinchium angusti-
folium.

Galium sylvestre.
G. boreale.

Asperula cynanchica.
Inula salicina.
Artemisia maritima.
Carlina vulgaris.
Carduus nutans.
Centaurea Scabiosa.

Mathiola sinuata.
Helianthemum vineale.
Viola hirta.

V. stagnina.

Cerastium arvense.
Arenaria verna.
Geranium sanguineum.
Rhamnus catharticus.

R. Frangula. Hieracium Gibsoni. {Allium Babingtonii.
Astragalus hypoglottis. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi. Potamogeton lanceolatus.
Spirea Filipendula. Pyrola media. Rhynchospora fusca.
Dryas octopetala. Hypopithys multiflora. Calamagrostis Epigeios.

Potentilla fruticosa.

Poterium Sanguisorba.

Saxifraga hypnoides.
Cornus sanguinea.
Rubia peregrina.

Chlora perfoliata.
Gentiana verna.
Limosella aquatica.
Euphrasia Salisburgensis.
Orobanche rubra.

Sesleria ceerulea.

Adiantum Capillus-Vene-
ris.

Chara tomentosa.

Nitella tenuissima.

DISTRICT VII.—UPPER SHANNON.

North Tipperary, King’s County, Westmeath, Longford.

Area, 2700 square miles.— Flora, 624 species and sub-species.

Inland: the only one of the twelve botanical districts absolutely
Lowland for the most part, with extensive

cut off from the sea.
lxiv INTRODUCTION.

peat-bogs and numerous lakes. The eastern shores of the great
Shannon river-expansions, Lough Ree and Lough Derg, belong to
this district, and in Westmeath are the smaller lakes, Ennel,
Derevaragh, and Owel. The south-western extremity 1s moun-
tainous or hilly. Here Slievekimalta or Keeper mountain rises to
2278 feet, Mauherslieve, to 1783 feet, and the Devil’s Bit, to 1583
feet. Its strictly inland position and the absence of any elevated
mountain region of considerable extent combine to make this the
poorest of all the Irish botanical districts, though, no doubt,
further exploration will add many species to its flora. There are
but three peculiar species; Highland type plants are reduced to 4
and Hieracia to 3. The most salient botanical feature of the dis-
trict is, perhaps, the abundance of certain species characteristic of
marshes and wet peat-bogs, yet rare in many parts of Ireland, such
as Stellaria palustris, Lathyrus palustris, Galium uliginosum, Vacet-
nium Oxycoccus, Andromeda Polifolia, Carex teretiuscula and C. fild-
Sormis.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Stellaria palustris. ‘Vaccinium Oxycoccus. Lemna polyrhiza.
Lathyrus palustris. Andromeda Polifolia. Potamogeton Friesii.
Saxifraga Hirculus. Pyrola rotundifolia. P. filiformis.

Cicuta virosa. Teucrium Scordium. Carex teretiuscula.
Galium boreale. Ceratophyllum demersum. C. paradoxa.

G. uliginosum. Hydrocharis Morsus-rane. Chara tomentosa.
Inula salicina. Cephalanthera ensifolia. C. denudata.
Vaccinium Vitis-Idea. | Ophrys muscifera. Nitella tenuissima.

DISTRICT VIII.—NORTH ATLANTIC,
West Galway, West Mayo.
Area, 2146 sq. miles.—Flora, 698 species and sub-species.

Maritime. A district of mountain, lake, and bog, with a very
broken rocky coast and numerous islands and islets. Mweelrea, at
the mouth of the striking fiord, known as Killary Harbour, rises to
2688 feet ; Nephin, farther north, to 2646 feet ; Croaghpatrick, or the
Reek, near Westport, to 2510 feet; Ben Baun, in the Twelve Bens,
to 2395 feet ; Slieve More, in Achill Island, to 2204 feet; and numer-

1 Mayo is divided into East and West by Lough Mask, and the course of the

river Aille, thence the line passes through Castlebar, descending th
rough Lough
Cullen and by the river Moy to the sea at Ballina. ; S
INTRODUCTION. lxv

ous other points, to 2000 feet and upwards. The western shores of
Lough Corrib and Lough Mask belong to this district. Smaller
lakes and lakelets are frequent all over the surface, and become well-
nigh innumerable in Connemara and Iar Connaught. Owing to the
great extent of unreclaimed mountain and bog, the flora is prepon-
derantly native. Many of the most interesting Irish plants occur
in profusion, especially the heaths, Hrica mediterranea and Dabeocia
poltfolia, which are nowhere found in Great Britain, and reach here
their extreme northern limit for Europe, and Lriocaulon septangulare,
known elsewhere in Europe only in the Scotch islands of Skye and
Coll. No less than 26 Highland type plants are found in the district
with 8 Hieracia, and 4 peculiar plants.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Thalictrum alpinum. Saxifraga umbrosa. Naias flexilis.

Draba incana. Asperula cynanchica. Eriocaulon septangulare.
Subularia aquatica. Saussurea alpina. Rhynchospora fusca.
Helianthemum guttatum. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi. Carex aquatilis.

Sagina subulata. Erica Mackaii. Deschampsia discolor.
Elatine hexandra. E. mediterranea. Aspidium Lonchitis.
Vicia Orobus. Dabeocia polifolia. Lycopodium inundatum.
Dryas octopetala. Gentiana verna. L. alpinum.

Potentilla fruticosa. Euphorbia hiberna. Isoetes echinospora.
Poterium officinale. Potamogeton Kirkii. Pilularia globulifera. .
Saxifraga oppositifolia. Zostera nana. Adiantum Capillus- Veneris.

DISTRICT IX.— NORTH CONNAUGHT.
East Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim, Roscommon.

Area, 3086 sq. miles—Flora, 697 species and sub-species.

Maritime. The most striking physical feature is the great cliff-
scarped plateau of Ben Bulben in Sligo and Leitrim, where the lime-
stone reaches to upwards of 2000 feet, a height to which this formation
approaches nowhere else in Treland. The chief summits in this
plateau are Truskmore, 2143 feet; Annacoona, 1963 feet; and Ben
Bulben proper, 1722 feet. In the extreme west, the Ox mountains,
of primitive formation, reach to 1778 feet in Knockachree. Lakes
are numerous. The west shores of Lough Ree belong to the dis-
trict; also Loughs Allen and Bofin on the upper Shannon, and
Loughs Gill, Melvin, Arrow, and Gara in Sligo. No less than 28
Highland type plants, out of a total of 41 for all Ireland, occur in
xvi INTRODUCTION.

the district, and of these 28 are found within the narrow limits of
the Ben Bulben mountain group. The marked alpine character of
the flora at moderate elevations on this isolated limestone mass is
the most salient feature in the botany of the district. There are 7
Hieracia and 8 peculiar species, one of the three, Sazifraga nivalis,
being the rarest of all the Irish alpine plants; another, Arenarta
etliata, finding on Ben Bulben its only station in the British Isles.
The rare orchid Habenaria intacta, also unknown in Great Britain,
reaches in this district its extreme northern limit for Europe.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Thalictrum alpinum. Saxifraga hypnoides. Habenaria intacta.

Arabis petraa. Epilobium angustifolium. Galium sylvestre.

Draba incana. E. alsinefolium. Carex aquatilis.

Silene acaulis. Pyrola media. Poa alpina.

Arenaria ciliata. Hypopithys multiflora. Adiantum Capillus-Veneris
Dryas octopetala. Gentiana verna. Aspidium Lonchitis.
Potentilla fruticosa. Euphrasia Salisburgensis. | Asplenium viride.
Saxifraga nivalis. Teucrium Scordium. Polypodium Dryopteris.
S. aizoides. Polygonum viviparum. Chara tomentosa.

DISTRICT X.—ERNE.
Fermanagh, Cavan, Armagh, Monaghan, Tyrone.

Area, 3733 sq. miles.—Fiora, 681 species and sub-species.

Inland, save for a few miles of salt marsh along the estuary of the
Newry river in the south-east. A large district with diversified physi-
cal features. In the west andsouth-west, the Erne basin offers a wide-
spread and complex lake system, including Upper and Lower Lough
Erne, Lough Macnean, Lough Oughter, and Lough Gowna. In the
east, the south and south-west shores of Lough Neagh, belong to
the district. On the northern boundary are the Sperrin mountains,
with Sawel, 2240 feet; Meenard, 2061 feet; and Dart, 2040 feet ;
but only the southern slopes of this range belong to the district. In
the south-west are Cuilceagh, 2188 feet; Tiltinbane, 1949 feet ; and
Shevenakilla, 1793 feet. There is a large area of limestone in
Fermanagh, rising in many places to a height of about 1000 feet.
In spite of the large extent of the district and the diversity of its
surface, the flora is poor. Highland type plants number only 17;
there are 7 Hieracia and 5 peculiar species.
INTRODUCTION, lxvii

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Caltha radicans. Pyrola media. Scirpus sylvaticus.
Cardamine amara. *Veronica peregrina. Carex elongata.
Cochlearia anglica. Polygonum mite. C. aquatilis.

t Teesdalia nudicaulis. Mercurialis perennis. C. rhyncophysa.
Lathyrus palustris. {Stratiotes aloides. Calamagrostis ‘stricta.
Rubus chamezmorus. Spiranthes Romanzoffiana. Trichomanes radicans.
Dryas octopetala. Typha angustifolia. Cryptogramme crispa.
Circeea alpina. Sagittaria sagittifolia. Lycopodium alpinum.
Cicuta virosa. Butomus umbellatus. Pilularia globulifera,

Vaccinium Oxycoccus. Potamogeton fluitans.

DISTRICT XI.— DONEGAL.

Donegal, and Derry west of the Foyle.
Area, 1890 sq. miles.— Flora, 722 species and sub-species.

Maritime, with very broken coasts and deep sea inlets.. The islands
of North Aran, Tory, and Inishtrahul belong to this district. The
whole surface is mountainous or hilly, with numerous lakes and
streams, the Finn, a branch of the Foyle, being the only river of
importance. The chief summits are Errigal, 2466 feet; Slieve
Snacht West, 2240 feet; and Muckish, 2197 feet, towards the north-
west; Slieve Snacht, 2019 feet, in the north; Croaghgorm, 2219
feet, and Slieve League, 1972 feet, in the south. This is the most
northern of the Irish botanical districts, with a flora in which the
Highland type is strongly represented by 30 species, or three-fourths
of the total for all Ireland. Of these 30 species, no less than 20 are
found congregated in the neighbourhood of Slieve League within a
radius of one mile, and, with one exception, at heights not exceed-
ing 1500 feet. Such an association of alpine plants at comparatively
low-levels is altogether unexampled elsewhere in Ireland, and sets
in a strong light the northern character of the flora of this district.
The contrast with the large and lofty mass of the Kerry Reeks
with their alpine flora of 12 species is most striking; and perhaps
still more striking is the contrast with the extended and elevated
group of the Mourne mountains, which, while they lie but half a
degree of latitude southward of Slieve League, yield, as the Reeks
do, only 12 alpine or Highland species. In this district Sax¢fraga
umbrosa and Euphorbia hiberna reach, in the Inishowen peninsula,
their extreme northern limit for Europe. The only peculiar species
is Zrollius europeus.
lxviii INTRODUCTION.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Thalictrum alpinum. Carum verticillatum. Cephalanthera ensifolia.
Trollius europeus. Ligusticum scoticum. Typha angustifolia.
Corydalis claviculata. Saussurea alpina. Zostera nana.
Cardamine amara. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi. Eriocaulon septangulare.
Draba incana. Pyrola media. Carex aquatilis.

Silene acaulis. Mertensia maritima. Elymus arenarius.
Elatine hexandra. *Veronica peregrina. Trichomanes radicans.
Vicia lathyroides. Bartsia viscosa. Adiantum Capillus-Veneris,
Dryas octopetala. Melampyrum sylvaticum. Cryptogramme crispa.
Saxifraga oppositifolia. | Orobanche rubra. Aspidium Lonchitis.

S. aizoides. Polygonum viviparum. Equisetum pratense.
Epilobium angustifolium. Euphorbia hiberna. Lycopodium alpinum.

DISTRICT XII.—ULSTER COAST.

Down, Antrim, Derry.
Area, 2862 sq. miles—Jora, 816 species and sub-species.

Maritime, with large areas of mountainous or hilly country. The
great development of the basalt in Antrim and Derry distinguishes
this from all the other Irish botanical districts. Some 1200 square
miles are covered by a vast sheet of this volcanic rock which, in some
places, has a thickness of more than 1000 feet. The chief summits
of the basaltic region are Mullaghmore, 1825 feet, Ben Bradagh,
1536 feet, and Ben Evenagh, 1260 feet, in Derry; with Trostan,
1817 feet, Slievenanee, 1782 feet, Divis, 1567 feet, and Agnew’s
Hill, 1558 feet, in Antrim. The famous Giant’s Causeway and the
fine columnar sea cliffs of Bengore and Fair Head, in North Antrim,
belong to this formation. The highest.summits in the district are
found in the south-east in the picturesque granite massif of the
Mourne mountains with Slieve Donard, 2796 feet; Slieve Comme-
dagh, 2512 feet; Slieve Bingian, 2449 feet; and Slieve Bearnagh,
2394 feet. Chalk, underlying the basalt, appears in many places
along the Antrim coast and on Rathlin Island, but has no true out-
crop and noinfluence on the flora. Thenorthern and eastern shores
of Lough Neagh belong to the district. There are no other lakes
of any importance, and the only considerable rivers are the Bann
and the Lagan. Though by its position not on the whole so
northern as District XI., the flora of this district has perhaps a more
northern character. It has, indeed, but 29 Highland type plants to
30 in Donegal; but this deficiency is counterbalanced by the greater
INTRODUCTION. lxix

number of its Hieracium species and forms, and of its Scottish and
Intermediate type plants which may be taken as representing the
boreal element in our flora. Out of a total for all Ireland of 29
species and forms of Hveracium, District XII. has 26 against 15 in
Donegal, while the number of the Scottish and, Intermediate type
plants taken together is 49 in XII, to 43 in XI., out of a total of
60 for all Ireland. There are 10 peculiar species, of which the
most interesting are Adoxa Moschatellina and Carex Buxbaumit, both,
it is to be feared, on the verge of extinction.

Characteristic or Rare Plants.

Ranunculus fluitans.
Barbarea intermedia.
Cardamine amara.
Silene acaulis.
Arenaria verna.
Elatine Hydropiper.

Geranium sylvaticum.

G. pratense.

Vicia Orobus.

V. lathyroides.
Rubus chamemorus.
Dryas octopetala.
Rosa hibernica.

Saxifraga aizoides.
Epilobium angustifolium.
Cicuta virosa.

Carum verticillatum.
Ligusticum scoticum.
Adoxa Moschatellina.
tGalium Cruciata.
Saussurea alpina.
Pyrola media.

P. minor.

P. secunda.
tHottonia palustris.
Mertensia maritima.

Orobanche rubra.

Atriplex farinosa.

Salix nigricans.

Spiranthes Romanzoffiana.

Typha angustifolia.
*Acorus Calamus.

Zannichellia polycarpa.

Carex paucifiora.

C. Buxbaumii.

C. aquatilis.

Calamagrostis stricta.

Cryptogramme crispa.

Polypodium Dryopteris.

Myosotis collina. Equisetum pratense.
Melampyrum sylvaticum. Pilularia globulifera.

R. glauca.
Saxifraga Hirculus.

IX. Borantcat Map oF Irenanp.

The map issued with this work is designed to serve two pur-
poses, first to mark the precise limits of the Irish Botanical Districts,
second, to show clearly the range of the more interesting plants,
especially the Hibernian Type species discussed in Section IV. of
the Introduction. The manner in which the twelve districts are
defined on the map needs no explanation; but the significance of
the curved lines of distribution may not be apparent to all. These
lines are intended to show the eastern limits of the various plants
selected for this graphic treatment. Thus Eriocaulon septangulare
is only found in those parts of the island lying to the westward of
the long sinuous line marked with itsname; Habenaria intacta, only
to the westward of the shorter and more abruptly curved line
marked with its name, and so on with the other species so treated.
It. is scarcely necessary to say that the range of each species within
lxx INTRODUCTION.

the defined limits is by no means continuous. With the wider
ranging species, Saxifraga umbrosa, Euphorbia hiberna, and Erio-
caulon septangulare, it is, indeed, remarkably discontinuous ; and the
longer breaks in the range of these plants are indicated by carrying
out to sea the appropriate curved line for each. For instance,
Euphorbia hiberna, the Irish Spurge, is shown to have a fairly con-
tinuous range in the south-west, to disappear for a long interval in
the west, where it occurs only in the island of Inishturk, and to
re-appear for a space in northern Donegal. The known Trish area
occupied by some of the species is so inconsiderable that they cannot
properly be said to have any range, and the position of these is
indicated by a loop (Inula salicina), or even by a dot (Arenaria
ciliata). Theremarkable restriction of the Hibernian type plants to
the west and south-west of the island was first shown by this system
of distribution curves in the original edition of this work. In the
present, the curves have been carefully revised, so as to bring
them into conformity with the latest information.

X. Expranatory Nores on tHe Text,

Nomenclature.—In revising for this second edition the nomen-
clature adopted in the first, the law of priority has not been
invariably followed. A widely familiar and long established name
has always been allowed to stand when the only reason to be urged
against its retention was the existence of an earlier published name,
long since become obsolete or never admitted to general currency.
Whatever may be the final result of the resuscitation of such
obsolete or still-born names in obedience to the strict letter of the
law of priority, the immediate effect must be to cause that confu-
sion which the law was designed to prevent or to remove. The
present work makes no claim to be regarded as an authority in
nomenclature. It seeks to be intelligible and easy of reference for
all who are likely to make use of it; and these ends, it seems to
the editors, may best be secured by retaining, despite of their
illegality, many well-known and long-established names. These
names are, perhaps, doomed to extinction in the not very distant
future; but it may be confidently predicted that they will remain
familiar long after this work has served its purpose and been laid
aside as obsolete.

Native Plant Names.—As a rule, only such native names as are
widely current in the Irish-speaking districts of Ireland have been

reel?
INTRODUCTION. lxxi

introduced into the following pages, and it should be borne in mind
that what is given is little better than a selection from a large
body of names, many of which are of more local extension or of
less precise application. A phonetic rendering ofthe Irish has
been added, but in many cases, and, above all, in dealing with the
gutturals so impracticable for English speech-organs, this conveys
very imperfectly the sound of the native name. The meaning
also is given unless where it is hopelessly obscure. Every Irish
plant-name received into the text has been ascertained by personal
inquiries carried on in the counties of Kerry, Clare, Galway, and
Donegal to be in actual use among the Irish-speaking peasantry,
and the greatest pains have been taken to insure accuracy of appli-
cation. Lack of time for more extended inquiry has unfortunately
obliged us to leave this feature of the text incomplete. The further
study of the subject is earnestly recommended to Irish botanists,
especially those resident in the West.

Trivial Names.—Although names in the English tongue have
been given for almost every species in the text, many of these are
not trivial names or, indeed, English names in any true sense of the
words. They are often merely translations of the scientific names,
but it has seemed best to give them a place in a work which
may be frequently consulted by unscientific readers.

Aggregates and Sub-species.—In a few instances aggregate species
have been retained, either because the known district extension of
the aggregate was greater than the joint known extension of the
segregates, or because there was as great a difficulty in selecting any .
one of the segregates as type to which the others might be subor-
dinated as sub-species as there was in allowing all the segregates
to take equal rank as species. Sub-species are distinguished by
printing the name in italics in the centre of the page; varieties are
preceded by the contraction Var., the name of the author being
affixed in brackets where the plant was originally proposed by him as
aspecies. Where a hybrid or suspected hybrid plant has been named
on the ordinary binomial system, this name has in all cases been
retained, followed by the names of the supposed or ascertained
parents, thus :—Stachys ambigua Smith—S. palustris x sylvatica.

District Distribution.—F or the commoner species the distribution
is shown simply by the insertion of the district numbers at the
head of the paragraph. In the case of rarer plants, definite locali-
ties are given for each district. in which they are ascertained to
occur. Where the plant is locally abundant or common, definite

£2
lxxii INTRODUCTION.

localities are given only for the districts in which it is rare. The
inclusion in brackets of a district number at the head of a para-
graph indicates that the plant is doubtfully established, or perhaps
extinct in that district. The district distribution as shown at the
head of each paragraph includes that of all the Irish varieties as
well as of the type.

Native and Non-native Plants.—In the text the numerous plants
known or suspected to have been introduced by human agency,
whether accidental or intentional, are distinguished from the
apparently native plants by the usual signs, t, {, or *. The first of
these denotes that the plant to whose name it is affixed is open to
a slight suspicion of having been introduced by the agency of man,
the second that it was probably, and the third that it was certainly
so introduced. Perhaps not one of the non-native plants known to
occur in several of the Irish botanical districts stands on precisely
the same footing in each. While apparently all but native in one
district, a plant may be obviously introduced in another; and since
it is beyond the scope of this work to exhibit the standing of each
non-native species in the various districts in which it may occur, the
sign selected in the text is that which denotes for each of such
species its highest standing in any part of Ireland—that is to say,
its standing most closely approaching to true nativity.

Range in Latitude—In tracing the range in latitude of Irish
plants, the island has been assumed to lie between the parallels of
513° and 552° North latitude, the extent of land lying north and
south of these limits being inconsiderable. Within these limits
the range of each species has been ascertained to the nearest
quarter degree. With some of the rarer or more local plants the
range has been given with greater precision. It has not, how-
ever, been thought necessary to give the range in longitude for
each species. Those which have a distinctively eastern and
western distribution will be found set out in the section (VII.)
of this Introduction dealing with Topographical Groups.

Botanical Types—For the purpose of comparison with the
British Flora, Watson’s botanical type-names have been given for
each species save those peculiar in the British Isles to Ireland.
These have been classed under the name Hibernian type. To the
explanation of Watson’s types already given in a previous paragraph
of the Introduction, it may be added here that the union of two
type-names, as in the compounds, British-English and English-
Germanic, indicates that the plant so classed, while belonging to the
INTRODUCTION. xxiii

type indicated by the first component in the compound name, has a
tendency to enter the type indicated by the second component.

Flowering Seasons—In the case of wide-ranging species the
periods given are a mean between the northern and southern
flowering seasons for Ireland. In the peculiarly mild and equable
Irish climate the flowering period of many species is prolonged far
beyond what is usual under the more continental conditions which
obtain in Great Britain, and to a greater or less degree the absence
throughout southern and south-western Ireland of any well-defined
winter season makes it difficult to fix the precise limits of the
flowering periods.

Relations of Sovls and Plants.—In the following pages special
attention has been drawn to the effect exercised by the varied con-
stitution of soils on the distribution of plants. While the great
mass of the commoner or ubiquitous species exhibit, as a necessary
condition of their wide range, an almost absolute indifference in
this respect, some smaller groups of plants show in various degrees
a preference for, or an aversion from, certain soils. Though very
strongly marked in many cases, this preference or aversion perhaps
in no instance reaches to absolute exclusiveness. Broadly speaking,
the presence or absence of lime in a soil would appear to be the
most potent and prevalent cause of the observed preference or
aversion, and the terms caleccole and calcifuge most fitly express this
relation of plants and soils. A caleicole species is one which inhabits
by preference a soil containing lime in sufficient quantity to give a
brisk effervescence with acids ; a calezfuge species is one which avoids
such a soil; and the use of these terms does not imply the adoption
of any theory as to the precise action of the lime whether direct
(chemical) or indirect (mechanical). Following the example of
M. Contejean,! from whom the use of these convenient terms has
been borrowed, an attempt has been made in this work to divide the
calcicole and calcifuge species into groups corresponding to the
strength of the observed preference or aversion. These groups have
been distinguished by the letters 4, B, and C. A species marked
Calcifuge A is one which very rarely appears on soils containing an
appreciable proportion of lime; a species marked Caleifuge B,
though it may appear not infrequently on lime soils, is invariably
found in far greater abundance and luxuriance on soils from which
lime is absent; and a species classed as Caleifuge C is one which,
though occurring freely in both calcareous and non-calcareous soils,

) Geographic Botanique—Injfluence du terrain sur la Vegetation.—Ch.
Contejean, Paris, 1881.
lxxiv INTRODUCTION,

is appreciably more abundant in the latter. Similarly, but in an
inverse sense, the terms Caleicole A, Calcicole B, and Calcicole C
denote the preference of certain species for limestone soils. Such
preferences are less frequent and less strongly marked than are the
aversions shown by the calcifuge group. In other words, the
repulsive influence of lime on one group is much stronger than its
attraetive influence on the other. The classification of the Irish
calcifuge and calcicole species adopted in the text, though founded
exclusively on observations made in Ireland, will be found to agree
closely with the results arrived at by Continental observers.
‘Whatever the value of this tentative grouping may be, it will serve
at least to draw the attention of Irish botanists to a neglected, though
deeply interesting, branch of their science.

Range in Altitude.—Since the publication of the first edition of
this work a large mass of material dealing with the vertical range
of plants in the various mountain groups of Ireland has been
accumulated, and this material has been largely availed of in the
present edition. For every species not distinctly lowland, that is to
say, confined habitually to levels not exceeding 500 feet, the highest
observed altitudes in Northern, Middle, and Southern Ireland have
been given. Along with these maximum altitudes, the descent of
such species to sea-level in North and South Ireland is also stated
whenever it is ascertained to occur, it being assumed that a plant
which reaches sea-level in the North and in the South, say in Antrim
and in Cork, will also reach the same level, in all the intervening
latitudes, and, indeed, all round the Irish coasts where suitable
stations occur. Plants observed between actual sea-level and a
height of 50 feet above it are classed as sea-level.

For various reasons, chief amongst which are the insufficient
height of the mountains, and the rarity and unequal distribution of
the Highland type species, every effort to deduce from the Irish
statistics, alone, any law of relation between latitude and vertical
range of plants seems doomed to disappointment. N evertheless, the
statistics have been rather fully given in the text in the hope that
they may be found useful for comparison with similar statistics for
Great Britain. Three papers have been largely drawn on for the
Irish vertical ranges, Mr. H. C. Hart’s Range of Flowering Plants
and Ferns on the Mountains of Ireland, Messrs. Barrington and
Vowell’s Report on the Flora of Ben Bulben, and Messrs. Stewart
and Praeger’s Report on the Botany of the Mourne Mountains, quo-
tations from these being distinguished respectively by the con-
tractions Hart, B. § V., and S.& P. In addition to the printed
INTRODUCTION. lxxv

papers quoted from, a large mass of unpublished notes by the
editors and others have been made use of.

Citation of Published Records.—In quoting from the numerous
papers on Irish botany published within the last thirty years, the
necessity for some contracted scheme of reference very soon became
apparent. It was decided to adopt one which would show at once
the author of the paper and the date of its publication, thus giving
the authority for the plant and the approximate date of its discovery.
The author’s surname directly followed by the date of his paper
gave in almost all instances a clear and concise reference. Only in
the case of double authorship was it found necessary to resort to the
use of initials. Where an author was found to have published two
or more papers in the same year these were distinguished by Greek
letters affixed to the contraction. In illustration of this scheme the
following instances may be taken: Hart 1883, denotes a paper pub-
lished by Mr. H. C. Hart in 1888, the precise title and place of
publication being found by reference to the Alphabetical List of
Papers Again, Hart 1883 a, and Hart 1883 B, denote second and
third papers published by the same author in the same year, the
particulars of title and place of publication being found, as before, by
reference to the list. As an instance of double authorship, the con-
traction B. & V. 1885 denotes Messrs. Barrington and Vowell’s
Report on the Flora of Ben Bulben, published in 1885; 8S. & P. 2892,
Messrs. Stewart and Praeger’s Report on the Flora of the Mourne
Mountains, and so on through the various papers quoted from.
The various books, papers, journals, &c., denoted by the contrac-
tions used, whether in this or in the first edition, may be readily
found by reference to the Alphabetical List. Throughout the
text, observations made by the editors of the first edition are
distinguished by the names, Moore or More, those made by the
editors of the present edition by the initials V. C. or R. W. S.;
and with a very few exceptions, such as, Rev., Prof., Miss, and
Mrs., all titles and appellations have been discarded for the sake of
brevity. In the case of observations by well-known Ivish botanists
here published for the first time, the surname alone is used. Thus
Hart, affixed to entries in the present edition, without any date
following the name, denotes a hitherto unpublished record by H. C.
Hart, the author of the numerous papers set out in the Alphabetical
List, and similarly with the names Barrington, Stewart, Levinge,
Praeger, Phillips, and others, and with the initials ¥. C.and Rk. W.S.
In general, where an entry concludes with a personal name and
nothing more, the entry must be taken as a record here published
lxxvi INTRODUCTION.

for the first time. The observations recorded in the various books
and papers quoted from have usually been made by the respective
authors of the books or papers. Where exceptions to this rule occur,
the name of the observer precedes, in parentheses, the contracted
reference to the book or paper; thus (@. H. Kinahan): Rec. Add.
denotes an observation made by Mr. G. H. Kinahan, and first pub-
lished in Recent Additions to the Flora of Ireland, in 1872.

Appendiz.—All plants recorded as Irish, but in our opinion
not fully entitled to a place in the flora, have been relegated to one
comprehensive Appendix. There are some obvious disadvantages
inseparable from this arrangement, since it groups together such
diverse categories as errors, casuals, escapes, and semi-naturalized
species; but the facility of reference which it secures will, it is
hoped, be found to more than counterbalance these disadvantages.
In many instances the question whether a plant should take its
place in the text or in the Appendix could only be answered con-
fidently after a tedious weighing of the often imperfect or distorted
evidence: in a few it could hardly be answered with confidence
at all, and the final decision merely expresses the preponderance
on one side or the other of conflicting sets of probabilities.

A good deal of historical interest attaches to the first recogni-
tion of an alien species which eventually succeeds in winning a
permanent place in a flora. But the difficulty of forecasting which
of the many candidates for admission may be destined to effect a
permanent lodgment is only too obvious. Some subtle mutual
fitness between the immigrant species and the complex set of new
conditions it encounters in a new country may at any time give
rise to an unexpected addition to a flora. Hence it has seemed
best in drawing up this Appendix to admit many plants whose
prospects of final establishment may at present appear but slender.
Along with these, a place has been given to a considerable number
of aliens already semi-naturalized and almost entitled to rank as
members of the flora, full details being given as to the present
standing of both classes. Attention is thus drawn to the material
which may be expected to feed the future growth of the Irish flora,
and to do this must be regarded as amongst the chief ends to be
served by this Appendix.

 
\

4

DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

[Sub-species are printed in étalics.]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2)38)4/5/|6)7/]8|9| 10 | 12 | 12 |lpacz
Thalictrum alpinum, 1 8 | 9 11 1
35 dunense, 4] 5 12 2
a9 collinum, 1 6|7]8]9 | 10 12 2
Pa flavum, 2/38/41/5)]6/7]8/]9] 10 12 3
Anemone nemorosa, 1)2/3;)4/5/6/7]8/9]10) 11] 12 3
Ranunculus circinatus, . 1 3 5|6|7 9 | 10 12 4
a fluitans, . 12 4
3 trichophyllus, 1/2/3/4}]5|]6/7/8)9|10/ 11] 12 4
Si heterophyllus, 5 7/8 10 12 5
ee peltatus, 1/2/38)4)5 7|8|9/] 10) 11) 12 5
55 penicillatus, 17/2)3)4/5/6|7 9 | 10 [11 | 12 5
95 Baudotii, . 1/2 4)/5|6 8 11 6
3 tripartitus, . 1 6
2 Lenormandi, 1/2 4] 5 . 6
a hederaceus, 1}2/3/)4)5)6/7]8)9 10] 11) 12 7
Es sceleratus, . 1/2/3/4)5)6/7)]8]9 | 10/11) 12 7
9 Flammula, . 1/2)38)4/5]/6/]7)8]9- 10] 11 | 12 7
» Lingua. 1/2}3]4/5]/6]7)/8]9]| 10 12 || 7
a auricomus, . 1)/2}38)4]5 7/8{!9{]10} 11 | 12 8
44 acris, . ¥ 1)/2/3)4]/5{6}71/8]9) 10] 11) 12 8
es repens, 1/2/38)4/5/6|]7)]8/]9 10} 11] 12 9
35 bulbosus, 1)}2|3/4/5/]6/]738)]9) 10] 11} 12 9
t 5 parviflorus, 1};2/3)4/5 9
», _ Ficaria, 1/2/3/4/5/6}/7/8]9|10] 11] 12] Lo
. Caltha palustris, 1);2)3/4)5)]6)]7)]8]9] 10] 11) 12 10
>,  radicans, 10 10
Trollius europeus, 3 11 11
Aquilegia vulgaris, . 1/2;3)4/5)6/7/8/9 11] 12] 11
Nuphar luteum, é 1/2/3]/4)5})6/7]/8]9]10)11] 12] 12
Nymphea alba, . 1/2/3]4]5/6)]7)8)9 | 10] 11} 12 13
*Papaver somniferum, . 1| 2 5 | 6 11 {12 |} 13
” Rheeas, . 1}/2/)38/4)5|6)7 10 12 13
»  dubium, . 1/2/3/4/5/6/7 9} 10} 11] 12 || 14
t ,,  Argemone, . 1/2/3)/4]5,;6/7 9 | 10 12 |) 14
t 5, hybridum, é 1|2 4]/5/6/7 12 || 15
Meconopsis cambrica, . 2/3)4 6 8 | 9] 10 12 || 15
Glaucium flavum, . 1 | 2 4/5/16 8 11} 12 16
*Chelidonium majus, 1/2/3/4/5/6}7]8 ]9]10]11) 12) 16
Corydalis claviculata, 2 415 11 17
Fumaria pallidifiora, 1/2]/3)41 5] 6}. 8|9|]10/11]12|| 17
>»  confusa, . 1/2 4/5/6/7|8]|9 | 10) 11} 12 18
+»  muralis, . ‘ 1 3 5 7 9; 10 12 18
», densiflora, z 5 10 18
58 officinalis, z 1/2/314}5]6]7]8]9 | 10 | 11} 12 19
Mathiola sinuata, . ‘ 1 4 6 19
*Cheiranthus Cheiri, 1/2/38)4)]5 7 11 | 12 19
Nasturtium officinale, . 1/2/3/415/6}7]8] 9 | 10] 11 | 12 20
sylvestre, . 2/3 5 10 20

29 f
55 palustre, . 1/2/38)415/6/7]8]9 | 10 12 20
amphibium, 2/3/4{/5/6/7]8]9 | 10/11 | 12 21
lxxviii DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/8/4/5|/6);7/8 | 9] 10 | 11 | 12 |l pack
Barbarea vulgaris, 5 ~-[1/}2/38/4)/5/6)/7)]8)9); 10) 11 | 12 22
: : 10 12 22
- intermedia, 12 93
»  precox,. . afte, 2 [5] i [12] Be
Arabis petrea 3 A ,
< Hisats, ij2]/3l4alsle 8/9/10) 11] 12] 23
1 ciliata, 1 6 8 a ‘
Cardamine amara, 10 | 11 | 12 2
6 pratensis, 1/2/)8/4);5]6/7)]8)]9]10] 11] 12 24
” hirsuta, 1);2/3/4/5/6)7]8]9{]10] 11] 12 25
3 flexuosa, 1/2)/3)4/5/6);7);8]9] 10] 11] 12 25
Draba incana, 1 8] 9 11 12 25
Erophila vulgaris, 1/2/38/4/5/6/7)8)]9]10/11]/ 12] 26
Cochlearia officinalis, 1] 2 4/5]6 8/9]10] 11] 12 26
of danica, 1/2 4415/6 8] 9]10)] 11] 12 27
i angelica, 1/2/)3)4 10 12 27
Sisymbrium Thalianum, 1)2/38/4/5/6/7)8 10 | 11 | 12 || 28
$5 officinale, . 1)/2;38/4/5!16/7/]8)]9j10] 11] 12 29
+ 55 Sophia, 2 4/5 12 29
+ a Trio, 5 29
” Alliaria, »-{1]2)38)4)5)6)/7 9/10] 11] 12 30
Subularia aquatica, : - {1 6 8 (10}) 11 | 12 30
Brassica nigra, 1. [2 4/5/6 8 11] 12]} 31
», Sinapis, . 1/2/3]/4/5/6]7/8]91}10]/11/12]) 32
» alba, 1);2)/3)4/516/7)]8]9 11 | 12 32
{Diplotaxis muralis, 1] 2 4/5/6 9/10 33
Capsella Bursa-pastoris, 1)/2/)3);4/5)/6/7/8!/9]10] 11] 12 34
tSenebiera didyma, 1/2)3/4/5/6/7]8 12 34
Poo ing Coronopus, 1/2/32)/4/5/6/7/)/8]9]10] 11] 12 35
TLepidium latifolium, 1/2 35
Tas campestre, 1/2/83 [5] 10 12 || 36
55 hirtum, 1/2/38/)41]5 10} 11 | 12 36
Thlaspi arvense, 1/2)/3/4/5/6 10 12 37
tTeesdalia nudicaulis, 10 37
Crambe maritima, 1 | 2 4/5]6 11 | 12 38
Cakile maritima, . s 1/2 4151/6 819 11 | 12 39
Raphanus Raphanistrum, 1/2/)3/4/5/6/7/)8]9]10] 11) 12 39
fF maritimus, 1] 2 4/5]6 819 11} 12 39
t Reseda lutea, 1/2/3/4)5]6 [10}/[11]) 12 |] 40
»,  Luteola, . 1/2/3/4/5/6/7!8/9]10/ 11] 121] 41
Helianthemum guttatum, 1 8 41
ve vineale, 6 8 41
Viola palustris, 1)2/;3/4/5/6/7/8]9]/10/11 | 121) 42
t ,, odorata, 1/2/3/4/6/6/7 10 12 42
» hirta, J ‘ 4/5/6 43
» Rivinion, - © .{1/2/3}4/5]6}7]/sloliolarlill 43
»» Reichenbachiana, . eed, 4/5/6/7/8 12 44
»» canina, eth) 2 4/516/7/8)/9] 10111] 12 44
», Sstagnina, , ‘ 6 i 45
Ee tricolor, : ss ead. | 4/5 7 10 12 45
r arvensis, -}1)2)8/4)5]6)]7)8]9] 10] 11] 19 45
> Curtisii, -{1)2 4/5/16 8] 9 11 | 12 46
>» lutea, _e ~f 1 4/516 [10] 46
Polygala vulgaris, 1/2);3/4)5/)617)8s}ol10}il{ie|] 46
1, serpyllacea, 1)2)3)4)5|)6)7/8]9) 10] 11] 19 47
*Saponaria officinalis, 1/2; 3(4/5]/6/7] 8 10 | 11 | 12 47
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. lxxix

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/)/383/4/5]6)]7{8/9 | 10] 11 | 12 |pace

Silene Cucubalus, 1/2/3/4]/5]/6]7]8]9] 10] 11] 12]) 47
»»  TMmaritima, 1] 2 4151/6 819 11 | 12 48

t ,,  anglica, 1}2/3/4]5 8 10} 11 | 12 || 48
>»  acaulis, 9 LY. 2 49
noctiflora, ‘ 1 5 7 10 12 49
tLychnis vespertina, 1)2)3)4/]5 7|8 {9} 10] 11] 12 50
»,  diurna, 1/2/3]4/5]6]7)/8]9]| 10]; 11] 12] 50
ae Flos-cuculi, 1/2/3/4/65/6}|.7}81]9] 10] 11] 12 51

1 Githago, 1/2/3/4/5/6]7)8]9)10]11/12] 51
Cerastium tetrandrum, . 1/2 4| 51 6]. 8} 9]10]11] 12 |) 52
of semidecandrum, . | 1 | 2 4/516 8 | 9 li | 12 52

” glomeratum, -}1/2/3/4]6)6)7]8]9] 10] 11] 12 52

3 triviale, 5 -{1/2/3)4/516).7]}8]9] 10] 11] 12 52
arvense, is jab 2 5 | 6 8 12 53

Stellaria media, . e ~-{1})2/38])4/5]6}7}]8]9] 10} 11] 12 53
” Holostea, 1/2/38/4/45]6].7]/8]9] 10] 11 4) 12 54

» palustris, 3 5|/6}7)|8]91] 10 54

»,  graminea, 1/2/}/38}4/5/6/]7]8]9] 104 11 | 12 55

»  uliginosa, : 1}/2/38/4/5]/6],7]8]9] 10] 11] 12 55
Arenaria verna, . 5 . 6 12 55
” trinervia, . -/1)/2)/38)4]5];/6)7)8]9)] 10] 11] 12 56

” serpyllifolia, 1}2/3/)4/5/]6)7)]8 ]9 | 10) 11] 12 56

5 ciliata, 9 57

» peploides, 1] 2 4/516 8 | 9 11 | 12 57
Sagina apetala, . ‘ 1/2/8/4/5/6)7 9} 10] 11 | 12 57
», maritima, . 1| 2 4/516 8} 9]10] 11] 12 58

» Ciliata, 1 8}41)516 12 58

3, procumbens, 1/2/38/4]/5!]617/8]9] 10] 11] 12 58

», Subulata, .. 1 6 8 11 | 12 58

»» odosa, . z 1/213)4/5/6/]7)]8]9] 10) 11] 12 59
Spergula arvensis, 1/2/3)/4/5/6]7)8{9]10]11]12] 59
Spergularia rubra, 1/2)3]4 10 12 | 59
a media, 1/2 4/516 819 11 | 12 |] 60

” salina, x 142/3)4)]65/6 8|9j10] 11) 12 60
rupestris, 1/2/38)4/5/6 8 11 | 12 60

Montia fontana, . 7 1/218;415/6]7]8 )9] 10) 11] 12 61
Elatine hexandra, “i 1 6 8 11 | 12 61°
55 Hydropiper, s 12 62
Hypericum Androsemum, .]|1/2/)3|]4/5/6/7/8 ]9] 10/11) 127 62
5 perforatum, -{1/2/3]/4/5]/6]7]8]9 | 10] 11) 12] 68

” dubium, e 1/2/38])4/5/6|7]8]9]| 10 12 63

27 tetrapterum, 11/2/3/4/5/6)/7]8j9.] 10] 11] 12 64

v4 humifusum, ~-/1)2138)4/6)/6)7}8)] 9] 10) 11) 12 64

#9, pulchrum, 1}2/38/4/6/6/]7)8]9 | 10] 11] 12 64

33 hirsutum, 5 12 64
elodes, ~f}L}2)/38)4)5)] 6) 8/9 11 | 12 64

{Althea officinalis, 5 ~{| 1} 2 6 8 11 65
Lavatera arborea, «/i+2 4/5|6 8 12 65
tMalva moschata, v -11/2/3)4/5/6171]8 10) 11.) 12 66
»» sylvestris, 1}2/3/4)5/6,7]8)}9] 10) 11 | 12 67
;, _ rotundifolia, 1/2)3/4]5]|6 8 10 12 || 67
Radiola linoides, - . 1} 2 4 6 |. 8/9] 10] 11) 12 68
Linum catharticum, ~}1}2)38/4])5]6]7] 8] 94 10) 11] 12 69
> an gustifolium, % PLL 2rs (Sloe P 69
Geranium sanguineum, . 4|5|6|7]8|9 11 | 12 70
Ixxx

DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1}/2/3/4)5/6/7j)8/ 9] 10] 11 | 12 ||pace

Geranium sylvaticum, . [68] 12 |} 70
55 pratense, - |) 12 71

5 pyrenaicum, . } 2/3/4165 7/8 10 12 71
molle, . 1/2/3/4]5/6|/7]8]9]10]11]12]) 72

o>” Ase pusillum, . 2 5 | 6 72
a4 rotundifolium, .|1 | 2 6 73

$5 dissectum, -{1/2)/3)/4/5/617]8)]9] 10) 11] 12 73
Ts columbinum, -{1)2 4/5]6 9] 10 73
5 lucidum, -{1)2)38)4)/5]6]7}]8] 9] 10] 11] 12 74
Robertianum, 1/)2)3)/4/5/6)]7]8)9j] 10; 11 | 12 74

Erodium cicutarium ; -{|1/2/3/4)/5/6 8) 9 11 | 12 75
55 moschatum, a [Ab | 2 4/516]. 8 11 | 12 75

oe maritimum, i|2 4151/6). 12 76
Oxalis Acetosella, . 1)/2/3/4/5)6/7)8)9/10]11)12] 76
Tlex Aquifolium, . -{1)2/)38)4])5]6).7}8]9)]10] 11} 12] 77
Euonymus europzus; -|1]2)3/4]5)6]7|]8]9] 10] 11] 12 77
Rhamuus catharticus, acl 8/4/5/6]/7)]8]9/] 10 [12] 77
ss Frangula, 1 3/4 6}/7}819 12 78
Ulex europzus, 1)}2;3/4/5/6/7}8|9]| 10] 11] 12 79
» Galli, . ; 1l2/3)/4/5/6\/7]8 10 | 11] 121) 80
Cytisus scoparius, . 1/2};38/4/5)/6)7/)8/9] 10) 11] 12 80
Ononis repens, i -{1])2/38) 4] 5 |[6} (7) [9] [11]} 12] 80
Trigonella ornithopodioides, * 4/5 [12]}| 82
Medicago lupulina, 1/2/3/4/5)6]7)819] 10) 11 81
* ,, maculata, . 2 4 |[5] [7] 82
{Melilotus officinalis, 2) 3 |(4]) 6 |[6] [10] [12}}} 82
arvensis, : 2 [5] 12 83

+Trifdlinm subterraneum, 4 83
3 pratense, 1)}2/3)4/6/6)7)8]9] 10] 11 | 12 83

_ medium, 1/2/}3\/4/5]6 8/9|10111|12 || 84

ys arvense, 1) 2 4/5] 6 8 11 | 12 84

55 striatum, 1 4/5/6 12 85

6 scabrum, 2 416 86

Te nsy glomeratum, . $ 4 86
35 repens, . . ~}1/)2)38)4)/5)/6!)7/8)]91] 10] 11 | 12 87

oy fragiferum, af be 4] 5 _ 19 87

+3 procumbens, ~-{1)2);3)4/5/6)]7}]8)9]10] 11) 12 88

3 dubium, -{1]/2)3])4]/5]/6)/7/8/9] 10/11] 12] 88
filiforme, -[1 4115/6 8 10 {11 88
Anthyllus Vulneraria, -{1)2)3)4/5)6)7)8/9] 10/11} 12]} 89
Lotus corniculatus, 1)}2;3/4/5/617/8)]9]10] 11] 12 89
», tenuis, : a 2 4/5 11 | 12 89

»,  uliginosus, 7 1);2);3/4/5/6]7)78]9] 10] 11] 12 90
Astragalus hypoglottis, 6 90
Ornithopus perpusillus, alee 4/5 90
TVicia hirsuta, 5 -{1/2/38/4)5/6/7/8 10] 11] 12 91
ft ,, tetrasperma, »{1]2 5 7 12 91
», Cracca, ‘i *-}1)2);3])4/5]6/7)8)]9] 10] 12] 12 91

cs Orobus, é s 617/8 12 92

» sylvatica, . ‘ -/1/2/3])4]/5]6 8) 9] 10] 11 | 12 92

+ sepium, < 2 -11/2/8/4/5/6)7]8]9] 10/11] 12 93

» angustifolia, ‘ -{1]2 4/5/6 8 10} 11/12] 93
lathyroides, i ei 4) 5 11} 12 93
Lathyrus pratensis, =. =. 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8]9]10/ 11] 12 94
3 palustris, ‘ é 4/5/1617 9] 10 12 94

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. 1xxxi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2;3)4/5/6/7;8)}9/ 10] 11 | 12 |lpace

Lathyrus maritimus, . 1 4 , 95

35 macrorrhizus, 1/2/38]/4)/5]6)]7)]8]9)] 10) 11] 12 95

Prunus spinosa, 1/2/3/4)/5)6)7)]8)]9] 10) 11] 12 96

» insititia, 1/2] 3 5!6|7}/8| |10}11]12]) 96

t+ ,» avium, . . .f1/2)3]4/5) |7]} .] 9/10] 11) 12] 96

», Cerasus, . 2 -{1/2)3 5. 7/8 10 | 11 | 12 97

», Padus, : : 61.7 9} 10] 11] 12 97

Spirea Ulmaria, . ‘ -{1)2)/3)4])5)]6]7/8)/9)] 10) 11) 12] 98

», _Filipendula, . . 6 98

Rubus Ideeus, P : ~-/1)/2])/38)4]5/6)7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 99

x,  suberectus, . 2 7|8 11 | 12 99

ee 1 7 12 || 99

5,  Dplicatus, 7 1 5 | 6 8} 9 | 10 12 || 100

, mitidus, =. 9 12 || 100

4 Opacus, = ws 7 100

x Rogersit, . 5 12 || 100

» «= ffinis, 3 s shed 100

»y  eariensis, . . : 4 100

»  earpinifolius, . «fl 5 7/8 11 | 12 |} 100

3, incurvatus, : ‘ 4 7) 8. L 100

3,  Lindleianus, . é 3 7) 8} 9110 12 || 101

»  erythrinus, . 3 a 9 |. 12 |] 101

3 Yvhamnifolius, . 415 718 . 10 12 || 101

3)  G@umnoniensis, . 7 38 8 101

»  pulcherrimus, . : 415 8) 9 12 |) 101

» ~=nemoralis, 5 7 12 || 101

3  villicaulis, : a VA 5 | 6 8) 9]10] 11] 12] 101

3 ‘rhombifolius, . ‘ 7 102

s «© gratus, - " . 10 12 || 102

» «© rusticanus, : ~/1)2/8)4}5]6)7)]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 102

>» pubescens, . 3 : : 12 | 102

»  argentatus, is . 9 102

»,  silvations, . - ‘ 4/5 : 12 || 102

» Salter, .  . 8 10 12 || 102

+,  hesperius, . . 3 8 102

”— ‘macrophyllus, . .|1)2(3|/4]5/6|7 9 | 10 12 || 103

»  danicus, 4 9 103

3 iricus, , F |) 2) 2 8/9 103

»  Sprengelii, 2)3/4 103

x»  Borreri, . 5 4]5 8 10 || 103

9)  micans, . ‘ 5 12 || 103

5 pyramidalis, 2 2 4|5 7)819] 10 12 103

»  hirtifolius, ‘ 3 7/8 )9 12 || 104

»  Drejeri, . e ‘ : 12 || 104

>  Leyanus, . . 4 4 10 104

vs,  leucostachys, . .{1)2)8)4]6)6)7) 8] 9 | 10 12 || 104

>» ~~ mucronatus, 3 5 7] .| 9 |.10 12 || 104

»  Boreanus, ; 12 || 105

» Gelertii, .« eS 5 12 |) 105

+,  anglosaxonicus, 10 ‘a ! ”
infestus. é : ; :

a aati a ee cele 5 7 10 12 || 105

»»,  echinatus, « ! 5 12 || 105

$5 oigoclados, . . c 2 5 7 12 || 108

1 rudy : : 3 4]5 ‘ 12 || 105
lxxxii DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/38/4/]5]6/)/7]8 9] 10 | 11 | 12 |) Pace
Rubus Bloxamii, . ‘i 8 12 |) 106
» seaber, . .  . 415 7|8 10 12 || 106
3 Babingtonii, e 8 12 || 106
» obseurus, . ‘ é 4 106
a» ~~ fuscus, 3 . ‘ 5 718 )9 12 |} 106
»,  foliosus, 3 . 12 || 106
2»  adornatus, . - 8 106
1 «-rosaceus, 1 5/6 |7 12 || 107
» Kebleri, . 1] 2 516 8}9] 10 12 || 107
>,  hirtus, 4 6) 7 12 || 107
>,  sawicolus, . 4/5 108
» viridis, : : 4 108
» Bellardii,.  . «41 108
3, dumetorum, : 8/4/5/6/7/8 12 || 108
> — corylifolius, f 3/4/5/6)7/8!]9] 10 12 || 108
»,  Balfourianus, . »-{1) 273 5 7 9 109
oy «C@stus, - -|1;,2/38)4)/5/6/]7)]8)]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 109
3»  Saxatilis, . z é [cd 38/4/5)/6]7]81]9] 10) 11 | 12 || 109
chamemorus, 10 12 |) 110
Dryas octopetala, . 6 8/9/10) 11 | 12 }} 111
Geum urbanum, 1)/2/3/4/5;/6/7)]8)91] 10] 11] 12 |] 112
»»  Tivale, : 17/2/38; 4/5/6/]7)]8{/9] 10] 11} 12 |! 112
Fragaria vesca, ~-{1]2)3/4/5)6]7)8)]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 112
Potentilla Fragariastrum, -7}1;/2)3/4/5/6/]7/)8)/9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 113
~ Tormentilla, . -}1)2);38/4/5/6)/7]8)]9] 10] 11] 12 | 113
5 procumbens, 1 4] 5 7)} 8/9] 10 12 |} 113
» -reptans, . 1/2/3]/4)5})6]7{/8]9] 10} 11] 12] 14
3 pee: 5 1/2/3/4}5/6}7)8 ]9j) 10] 11} 12 |] 114
35 ruticosa, é 6 8 ;
palustris, : -/L)2)3]/4])/5/6/7)]8 3 10 | 11 | 12 116
Alchemilla arvensis, 1/2/)38)4)5)6)7/8]97) 10} 11 { 12] 115
95 ee : 2/3 Fi 5)6)7/8)9] 10) 11] 12 1 115
” ? 1
Agrimonia Eupatoria, 172/38; 4/5/6/7)/8]9]10] 11] 12] 1 i :
” odorata, 1) 2 4 8. 11} 12 |] 116
Poterium Sanguisorba, . 1/2);3/4/)5/)6]7 11] 12} 117
9 officinale, 8 12 |} 117
Rosa spinosissima, . -}1/2)3)/4/5)/617/]8]9]10] 11 | 12 | 118
», involuta, : ‘ -/1]2 819 12 || 118
», hibernica, . : 5 12 |] 119
»» mollis, - {1 10 12 }} 119
ee oe : 4 2|3 ‘ 5 : A 8| 9] 10! 11 | 12 || 120
t+ ,, micrantha, 1/2 eee oe
» sepium, .  . 617 9 121
” ae . 1)2/38)4/5/6!/7)8]9] 10] 11] 12]! 191
eee: 2. 2 Slag ledte 4}5lel718 laa
Pyrus Aria, : : Sill 8)4)5/6)7 3 9 - I i 13 aa
.? Aucuparia, . -}1)2)3/415)6)7]8)9] 10] 124 12 Hl 193
», Malus, is s -J1)2)/3/4/5)6]7/ 81/9
Crateeus Ox 10] 11 |] 12 |] 123
egu yeantha, ~{1/)2/3/4/616/71/8]9] 10 2
Saxifraga oppositifolia, : ; te leg laee
es nivalis, a ‘ : : a f a
»  Stellaris, ‘ ofa 2 4 [5 8. 10 | 11 | 12 || 125
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. lxxxili

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 | 2 | $8|/4/5|/6)]7/)]8]9) 10] 11 | 12 || race

Saxifraga Geum, - spl) 2 ; 125
3»  umbrosa, 3 - {1} 2 8/9 11 127

»  Hireulus, . ‘ 3 7|8 12 || 128

»»  aizoides, 3 (AE 9 11 | 12 |} 129

»)  tridactylites, . 213)/4]/6]/6|7]8/] 9 11 | 12 |] 129

»  granulata, . 4] 6 10 12 || 129
hypnoides, . 1] 2 6 8 | 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 180
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium 1/2/38)4]5)6)7}]8 {9410} 11) 12] 181
Parnassia palustris, 2/}3/4/5/6)7)]8)9]{ 10] 11.| 12 |} 131
Cotyledon Umbilicus, . 1/2/38] 4/]5/]6]7]8]|9] 10} 11) 12 |} 182
Sedum Rhodiola, . . 1/2 4/65] 6 8 | 9 11 | 12 |} 182
i ,,  Telephium, 6/7] - 11 | 12 |} 183
* 4, album, : 1] 2 134
* 4,  dasyphyllum, 1] 2 184
;» anglicum, . 1/2}3/4/5]6/7]8]9 j10| 11) 12 }] 134

y> acre, . ‘ 1/2/38]4/]5)/6/]7)]8}| 9] 10 | 11 | 12 |} 1385

= reflexum, 1,2)3 5 | 6 10 | 11 | 12 |) 185
Drosera rotundifolia, 1/2/38)4/5/]6]7/8)9] 10] 11] 12 |) 136
»,  anglica, 1)2)3 5/617)]8]9] 10) 11 | 12 |} 186

1» intermedia, A 1 3 6 8 | 9} 10 | 11 | 12 |) 187
Hippuris vulgaris, 5 -~{1/2)38])41/5)]6)] 7] 8] 9 | 10] 11 | 12 | 137
Myriophyllum verticillatuum, |1/2/3/4/5/6) 7) 8-|) 9] 10) 11} 12} 138
i spicatum, 1/2/8/4]5)/6]7] -| 9] 10] 11 | 12 | 138
alterniflorum, 1);2/3/4 6)7|81;9] 10] 11 | 12 |) 139

Callitriche vernalis, 4 . 5 : 10 139
3 stagnalis 1/2 4/5/6]7)]8 }|9] 10 | 11 | 12 || 139

33 hamulata, . of ee [52 4/5|)/6|7)8 10 | 11 | 12 || 139

ie obtusangula, . 1|2 4/5 Ti 140

- autumnalis, . eek 4 8) 9} 10] 11 | 12 || 140
Peplis Portula, . F 1/2/38)/4/5/]6}]718-} 9] 10] 11] 12 | 141
Lythrum Salicaria, 1/2/38/4/]65/6]7)]8 | 9] 10] 11) 12 |) 141
Epilobium angustifolium, 4 : 9 11 | 12 |] 142
yf hirsutum, 1/2/38)4)/5/]6]7)8)]9 ] 10) 11] 12 | 148

»  parviflorum, . 1]/2)/38/4/5/6)]7 |8]9] 10] 11] 12 |) 148

5 montanum, 1}/2)38)4/5;)6]7] 8] 9} 10) 11] 12] 143

Tt es roseum, 5 12 || 148
9 obscurum, . 1/2])/8/4)5/6/7)]8]9 | 10) 11 | 12 || 144

95 palustre, ~|1])2;38]4/]5);/6)7] 8] 9] 10] 11] 12 |] 144
alsinefolium, : 19 144

Circa lutetiana, . ~f/1)2/3)4/5/6]7]8] 9} 10] 11 | 12 |) 144
», alpina, . 5 8} 9} 10] 11 | 12 || 145
Hydrocotyle vulgaris, . 1/2/3)4/5/6|7]8/9] 10] 11 | 12] 146
Eryngium maritimum, . 1] 2 4/5] 6 8- 11 | 12 || 146
Sanicula europa, : ~11/2/3)4/46]6]7]8 ]9 {10} 11 |] 12 |) 146
Conium maculatum, . 1/2/3/4]5)6]7)]81]9] 10) 11 | 12 |) 146
{Smyrnium Olusatrum, . -f1]/2]/38/4]5]6]7]8 | 9] 10) 11 | 12 |) 147
Apium graveolens, ‘ ~/1/2/8)4)5)6 8 | 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 147
»,  nodiflorum, é ~}1/218)4)5]6]7] 8] 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 147

>»  inundatum, J 13/21381/4/5]/6]7]8]9] 107) 11] 12 | 148
Cicuta virosa, . : 5 7 9} 10 12 || 148
Carum verticillatum, . -| 1] 2 11 | 12 || 149
Sium latifolium, , - 3 5| 6/7 9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 150
»  angustifolium, — - ~f/1}2)3])4]5]6 )] 7] 8] 9] 10) 11] 12 || 150
{Hgopodium Podagraria, ~11/2)3)4/5]6]7] 8} 9 | 10) 11} 12 |] 150
‘Pimpinella Saxifraga, - ~/1)/2/38}4]5]6)7 ] 8] 9 |-10 | 11 | 12 | 151
lxxxiv DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/3/4/5/]6)/7/8/9 | 10] 11 | 12 |/Pace
Pimpinella magna, 1/2 6/7/88] 9 161
Conopodium denudatum, -{[1]/2])/38)/4]5]6]7]8)9/] 10] 11] 12 || 152
*Myrrhis odorata, . . (5); C7] 10 | 11 | 12 } 152
tCherophyllum temulum, é 3}/4/5/617 10 12 |} 158
Scandix Pecten-Veneris, -{1/2/38);4/5/6/]7]8;9] 10] 11 | 12 || 153
Anthriscus vulgaris, -i9)}2)3)4/5)6]7] 8] 9 [11]} 12 |] 153
3 sylvestris, ~-}1)2/38/4/5/6)7]8]9/ 10] 11] 12 7 154
{PFoeniculum officinale, 1} 2 4/5/6 8 12 || 154
*Crithmum maritimum, . 1)/2/3/4/5/6 8) 9 11} 12 |} 155
CEnanthe fistulosa, DiS) Shas 6181-7 9} 10] 11 | 12 || 155
3 pimpinelloides, 2 , 156
33 Lachenalii, . 1/2/38/4/5)]6 8} 9 11 | 12 |] 156
is crocata, . 1/2/3/4/5]6 8 | 9/10] 11 | 12 |] 156
»  Phellandrium, 213/4/5]/6/7/8]9] 10 12 || 156
Aithusa Cynapium, 1)/2/3)/4/5/6/7)}8;9/] 10] 11 | 12 || 157
Ligusticum scoticum, 11 | 12 || 157
Angelica sylvestris, 1/2/13)4/5/6/718]9]10/] 11 | 12 |] 158
*Peucedanum sativum, . 1}/2/3/4/]5/6 8 11 | 12 || 158
Heracleum Pupvedg lian ‘ 1);2;3/4/5/6]7)]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 159
Daucus Carota, 1)2/)/3)4/5/6!]7/]8}]91/ 10] 11 | 12 |] 159
Caucalis Anthriscus, 1)/2/3/4/5/6]7{8j)]9] 10] 11] 12] 159
» nodosa, . - 1] 2 4);5/6)]7 10 |[11]| 12 |} 159
pete Helix, 1/2/3/)4/5)6)]7/8]9] Io} ir! 12 | 160
ormus sanguinea, 6) 7 9
Adoxa Moschatellina, . ae t 12 c i
Sambucus nigra, . 1/2/)3)4)/5/6)7/8]9]10] 11] 12 |] 169
»  Ebulu,  . 1;2/3{4lsle/7 9/10] 11] 12 |] 162
Viburnum Opulus, 3 -{}1])2/8/4/65]6/718]9]10] 11] 12 | 162
Lonicera Periclymenum, 1/2/3)4/5)6)7)/81/9]10] 11] 12 |) 163
Rubia peregrina, . 1/2 4/5/16 8|9 163
Galium boreale, -|1]2 6/7}8]9/10] 11] 12 |] 164
t ,, Oruciata,. 10 12 || 164
»  verum, . . ~{1/213/4)/5/61/7]/8]/9] 10] 1 12 || 165
t 4,  erectum, . é 2 4/5/6 12 || 165
T 5, Mollugo, . 2 41516 10} 11] 12 |] 166
1» Ssaxatile, . 1/}2/)3/4/6)/6]7]81]9]-10] 11] 12 | 166
+  sylvestre, 1 6]. 9 167
»» palustre, . 1)2)3/4/5/6)]7)8]9/] 10] 111] 12 | 167
% Gepiosntt, . -{1]2 5/6/7 9 167
parine, : 1}2/;38/4]5
Asp erula odorata, 7 . 1/2/3/4/6 8 ; $ 9 : i i i ie ies
cynanchica, . 1/2 6 8 68
Sherardia arvensis, 1/2)3)4/5])617/8]9]10/] 11 | 12 i
Valeriana officinalis, 1/2/3/4/5/6/7]8]9{ 10] 11 | 1 169
Sppeantia ruber, 1/2 : : i
alerianella olitoria, 1} 2); 3)4
7 5 Auricula, . 1] 2 4 : i : 9 he i 2
t ” dentata, 1)2}38/4/)5/6/7]8/]9] 10] 414] 19
Dipsacus sylvestris,  . 1/2/3/4/6/6 1 a
Scabiosa Succisa, 7 1)2/3/4/5/6]/7!8]91 10 a ie a
3 arvensis, -}1/2/3/4])5)/6!]7]8]9] 10 1l i 7
Eupatorium cannabinum, ./1/2/3/4/516 7/8]9] 10 i
Solidago Virgaurea, -{1])2/38)4/5])]617) 8] 9 Ria ae
Belli 10 | 11 | 12 || 174
a is pee . i -|1/2/)3)4/65]/6/7]8191 10 11 | 12 || 174
ster Tripolium, . 1/2|3|4]5]6 8|9| 10] 11] 12 || 174

 

 

 

 

 
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. lxxxv

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/3/4/65/]6)7|8| 9] 10] 11 | 12 ||Pace

Erigeron acre, . s 2)}3)4)/5/6)/7/8]9 12 || 174
Filago germanica, ‘ 1/2/38)4]5]6)]7)]8 |9) 10} 11] 12 } 175
» ‘Winima, . 1] 2 4/4 8 10 | 11 | 12 |! 175
Antennaria dioica, é 1/2/8{)4]/6/617/]/8]9]10] 11] 12 | 176
Gnaphalium uliginosum, 1}/2)8}4/]6/]6/]7]/8]9]10) 11) 12 4177
sylvaticum, LI B@isla.rois 8}9]10] 11] 12 || 177

*Tnula ‘Helenium, é 1) 2 4 6 8 | 9 10] 11 | 12 |} 178
»  Ssalicina, . 6|7 179

3,  crithmoides, zi 1] 2 4] 5 179
Pulicaria dysenterica, . 1/2]/3/]4]5/]6)7/)/ 8,91] 10] 11 | 12 |) 180
Bidens cernua, : 1}2/3)4)5/]6]7)]8]9 410); 11] 12} 180
»,  tripartita, . 1/2/3),4/5)6 8] 9] 10] 11] 12 |) 181
Achillea Millefolium, 1}2);3/4/5/6/]7]8]9] 10) 11) 12 | 181
»,  Ptarmica, * 1}2/3}4/5/]6;)7/]8/] 9) 10] 11} 12 | 181
Diotis candidissima, 2 4 181
tAnthemis Cotula, 1)/2)/3/4/5/6/)7)8 (11] |[12]}} 182
oi nobilis, 1)2;38/415 8 10 | 11} 12 |} 182
Chrysanthemum segetum, LL) Bea eto |) Oi 18 a) | LE eae |) gs
Leucanthemum,| 1/2/3]/4]5/]6/7{]8]9{] 10) 11 | 12 | 183

Matricaria inodora, -{1)2)38]4)/5)6)7)]8)]9)]10) 11] 12 | 183
ft es Chamomilla, 1 3 5 | 6 . | 10 12 || 184
*Tanacetum vulgare, 1};2/3/4/5|6|7 9 | 10] 11] 12 || 184
{Artemisia Absinthium, 1)/2/3)4)5/6)7 ]8|9)] 10) 11 | 12 | 184
» vulgaris, 1/2/3]4]/5]6 ]7]8]|9] 10] 11) 12 || 185
maritima, . 5 | 6 [8] 185

Tussilago Farfara, . 1}2)31)4)516)7]8)]91] 10] 11 | 12 |] 186
*Petasites fragrans, : 1/2/3]4]5]6 11 | 12 || 186
3 officinalis, : -}1)2)8]4)5/6]7)]8)9] 10) 11] 12 | 186
Senecio vulgaris, _ ~{1/)/2])3)4/5]6]7|8)] 9) 10] 11] 12 | 186
»,  8sylvaticus, 1/2/3)4]5)6)]7)]8)9] 10] 11 | 12 || 187

3,  Vviscosus, 3 5 {12]|] 187

* 4,  squalidus, s -{1]2 188
»  erucifolius, : : 4) 5 188

>,  Jacobea, . . -{1)/2/3]4]5]6]7)]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 |) 189

3,  aquaticus, is 1}2/3/)4/]5]6]7)8{9] 10] 11] 12 || 189
Carlina vulgaris, . 1/2);3}4/5)/6)7)8)9 11 | 12 |) 190
ft Arctium majus, : : 5 10 190
ss nemorosum, . ‘ 5 10 12 || 191

» minus, - 1/2/3/4/5]6)7]8]9] 10) 11 | 12] 191

a intermedium, . -|1)2);3)4)5)6 8} 9] 10] 11} 12 | 191
Carduus pycnocephalus, 1/2)/38/4/5/6]7 9 11 | 12 |} 192
i nutans, . 2 4 6 8 192

»  erispus, . 3 5|6|7 10 | 11 | 12 |} 193
Cnicus lanceolatus, 1/2)3/4)5]6]7]8]9 10] 11] 12 |) 193
», palustris, . 1/2/38/4]/6)]6]7)8]9 10] 11 |] 12] 194

»» pratensis, 1/2/3/4/5]/6/7]8/9]|10| 11 | 12]] 194

>» arvensis, . : 1/2}3/4)5]6 ]|7]81]9 { 10] 11 | 12 || 194
*Silybum Marianum, . 1/2/3/4/65/6/7]8 10 12 |} 195
Seceares alpina, s - 1] 2 4 8 11 | 12 |} 195
Centaurea nigra, ; 1/2138/4/5;6]7]8]9]10 | 11) 12] 196
5 Scabiosa, . 1)/2)/3)4/5)]6 8| 9 196

* Cyanus, 112 4/5|6|7 9} 10} 11} 12 || 197
+Cichorium Intybus, 1/2/3)4/5/6 9 11 | 12 |} 197
Lapsana communis, 1/2/3/4]/5}/6]7]8{|9] 10] 11 | 12 || 198
tPicris echioides, - 1|2 4|5 12 |} 198
lxxxvi DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/3/)/4/5/6)]7]8/]9 10 | 11 | 12 || Pace
Crepis taraxacifolia, 2}3/4/5] 6 8| 9 199
»»  Virens, 1/2/3/4/]5;]6).7}8 {9 10) 11] 12 |) 200
* 4,  biennis, 1/2 4 6}.7] - 10 - | 12 |] 200
»»  paludosa, é 1/2/3/4/5]6{7]8)9] 10] 11 | 12 || 200
Hieracium Pilosella, . 1/2/3)/4);5/6/7)] 8 )9] 107; 11 |] 12 | 201
a anglicum, 12 4151/6 $19) 10141 | 12 | 202
3 cerinthiforme, il 202
5 iricum, 7 “a 6 8) 9 11 | 12 |) 202
- flocculosum, 12 || 203
- Schmidtii, .  . 9 11 | 12 | 208
+ Leyi, . 3 ‘ : 12 || 204
»,  lasiophyllum, : . 10 12 || 204
»  Farrense, . 12 || 204
»  rubicundum, . : . 11 | 12 || 204
>»  argenteum, . 8 12 || 204
»  Sommerfeltii, ; , 12 |) 205
»  seoticum, . ‘ . 11 205
3»  hibernicum, . : : 11 | 12 |) 205
»»  murorum, . # {1 )3 5] 6 9 11 | 12 |) 205
» «euprepes,  . . 12 |) 205
5 stenolepis, . é 12 || 206
9 cesium, ‘ ‘ 4 6 9 T1112 | 206
9 Gibsoni, Z : 6 206
a vulgatum, . ee 4/5 8) 9°] 20) TL | 12 4 206
wn sciaphilum, . i ; 12 || 207
” gothicum, . oi 2 4 8 11 | 12 || 207
xs rigidum, % . ; 10 208
re prenanthoides, 12 || 208
34 strictum, : 4 12 |) 208
ss corymbosum, 4) 5 12 || 208
# auratum, % 12 |} 209
a crocatum, 5 8 10 | 11 | 12 || 209
53 boreale, 1 3) 4] 6 7 11 | 12 |] 209
59 umbellatum, 1 8/4/5/6/-7]8 10 | 11 | 12 |] 210
Hypocheeris radicata, . -}1)2)3)4/5/6/7)8]9] 10] 11] 12 | 271
Leontodon hirtus, 1)}2)3/4/5/6/7/8)]9] 10] 11 | 12} a1
59 hispidus, ; 1}2/3}415 7|8|9 211
‘5 autumnalis, . 1/2)3)/4]/5/6/7)8)9]10] 11 | 12 |] 219
Taraxacum officinale, 1/2/3/4/65/6/7]8]9]10] 11] 124] 212
tLactuca muralis, . 1 4/65 7 2 213
Sonchus oleraceus, 1/2/3/4/5/]6)7)]8/9] 10] 11 | 12 || 213
»» asper, 1/2}3]/4]/6]6}7}8]9] 10] 11] 12 |) a4
2 arvensis, . 1;2/)3/4/5/6)7/8]91] 10) 11] 12] o14
Tragopogon pratensis, 2138)/4/5/6;/7/]819 22
Lobelia Dortmanna, * a ae 4 6 8) 9] 10] 11] 12 |] 21 ;
Jasione montana, . é “}1)2/3)/4/5)6/7)8]9]10] 11] 12 9
Wahlenbergia hederacea, 1/2 4/5 a
Campanula Trachelium, 3 7 me
3 rotundifolia, 1/2] 3
Vaccinium Vitis-Idea, i 2/3 a : - : 1 : : re aie
»  Myrtillus, 1/2/38/4!/5/8]7]8/]9]10) 11] 12 oa
a Oxycoccus, . 1/2 4/5/6/7/81/91) 10 12
Arbutus Unedo, . . 1 320
Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, 6 8
mae 1 2
Andromeda Polifolia, . ‘ 8/4]5/61/7 9 | 10 : i : o
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. lxxxvil

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1;2/8)4/5)6)7)8|9| 10 | 11 | 12 || Pace

Calluna vulgaris, . 3 -{1]2]/3)4]5)6)] 7] 8] 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 223
Erica Tetralix, e "i -f1)2])/3]415]6)] 7] 8] 9] 10} 11 | 12 |) 223
» Mackaii, , 8 223
»» cinerea, r x ~f{1/2/38]4]5)6]7] 8] 9] 10] 11] 12 || 224
», Mediterranea, 8 224
Dabeocia polifolia, ¥ 819 225
Pyrola rotundifolia,  . - 7 226
>» media, Z - Z 6 9} 10] 11 } 12 |} 227

y»» minor, : > 5 4 7 12 |} 227

»  secunda, . ‘ 3 . 12 || 228
Hypopithys multiflora, . 1 5] 6]. 19 228
Statice rariflora, ‘ 112/38/4/)5)6 8 10 | 11 | 12 || 229
3 occidentalis, 1} 2 4151/6 2 ll 230
Armeria maritima, 11218/)4/5/6 8} 9] 10} 11 | 12 || 230
tHottonia palustris, : 12 || 281
Primula vulgaris, . 1/2}38]/4/5]6]7;) 8/91] 10] 11 | 12] 281
» _Officinalis, 1}/2])/3/4)5]6).7/8]9)10] 11 232
Lysimachia vulgaris, 1/2/38]/4]/5/6]7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 |) 282
35 Nummularia, 6 9} 10] 11 | 12 |) 233

5 nemorum, 1/2/3]/4]5]/6]7]81]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 238
Glaux maritima, ‘i 1/2/)38)4/45/6 8 | 91] 10 | 11 | 12 || 233
Anagallis arvensis, 3 -}1/2/38)4/5]6]7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 | 234
95 tenella, . 2 ~}1/2]/3])/4]5]6).7)} 8] 9] 10] 11 | 12 |) 284
Centunculus minimus, . 1 | 2 516 8|9]10| 11 | 12 || 234
Samolus Valerandi, “ 1/2/3/4/5]/6]7]81]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 235
Fraxinus excelsior, 1/2/38/4]5]6]7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 236
Ligustrum vulgare, 1|/2)38/4/)/5/6]7 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 286
Microcala filiformis 1 236
Chlora perfoliata, . 1/2/3/4)5/6)7]81/9 237
Erythrea Centaurium, . 1}/2/3/4/5/]6]7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 288
5 pulchella, 1);2/3)4)5 238
Gentiana verna, . 6 8 | 9 238
3 Amarella, 1/2/3]/4]/5]6]7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 289

3 campestris, 1}/2}3/4/]5]5]7/8]9] 10 | 11 | 12 |] 240
Menyanthes trifoliata, 1/2/3)4/5)/617]8]9] 10] 11 | 121) 240
Cynoglossum officinale, . ~-{1)2/38/41]5 12 || 240
+Symphytum officinale, . 1/2/3/4/5]617)]8]9] 10] 11] 12 |} 241
*Anchusa sempervirens, . (1) /[2] [5] (10]/[11]} 12 |} 241
Lycopsis arvensis, 2/3 )4] 5 9° 12 || 242
Mertensia maritima, . : 4) 6 11 | 12, |] 242
Myosotis ceespitosa, 3 ~-f1/2]/3]4]5]6]7]8] 9) 10] 11 | 12 |] 248
» palustris, 1/2/3/4]/5]6/7|8]9]| 10] 11] 12 || 244

a repens, . Z -{| 1) 2 4/51/16 8 | 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 244

3 arvensis, 5 1/2/3/4)5/]6].7] 8] 9] 10] 11] 12 || 244

a5 collina, . 415 12 || 244
versicolor, 1{/2/3/4/5]6]7]8]9] 10) 11] 12] 245
Lithospermum officinale, 11/2/3]4/6/617]8]9] 10/11] 12 || 245
arvense, . 1/2/38)4/5/6|7 9] 10} 11 | 12 || 246

Echium vulgare, -|1}2 4/5/6 5 12 |) 247
Calystegia perens 4 »}1}2}38]4]/5]6]7] 8] 9] 10] 11 | 12 | 247
55 Soldanella, . 1|2 4/5 |6 11 | 12 |] 248
Convolvulus arvensis, . ~f{112)3/4)5/617)8 {9 10] 11 | 12 |] 248
+Cuscuta Epithymum, . 1| 2 415|6 ; 11 249
“Solanum Dulcamara, . 1/2/3/4/5]/6/7]8] 9] 10] 11} 12 |] 250
2 » nigrum, 1} 2] 4] 5 7 12 || 251
lxxxviii DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1);2/);8)/4)5)/6/7/8)|9 | 10! 11 | 12 || Pace
Hyoscyamus niger, 1/2/3]/4/5/6)]7)8j)]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 252
tVerbascum Thapsus, 1/2/3/4/5/6/7 9} 10} 11] 12 | 253
*Linaria Cymbalaria, 1 {2 5 7 9] 10] 11} 12 253
t ,,  Elatine, 1] 2 4 6 254
UY gabene 1 10 | 11 | 12 || 254
t ,, vulgaris, . 1/2/3);4/5/6/7]8 10 | 11 | 12 |] 255
», minor, < i 1/2/3/)4/5/6/7 9 256
fAntirrhinum Orontium, 1/2 257
Scrophularia aquatica, . 1/2/3);4;5/6/7/8)9 11 | 12 || 257
45 umbrosa, . 5 258
+ nodosa, 1;2/3/4]5/6/7)8]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 258
*Mimulus guttatus, 1|2 4/5/6 9] 10/11 | 12 |) 259
Limosella aquatica, 6 [8] 260
Sibthorpia europza, 1 260
Digitalis purpurea, : 1}2);3/)4/5)6)7]8)9] 10} 11] 12] 261
Veronica hedersfolia, . 1/;2/3)/4/5/6}]7)81]9] 10] 11 | 12 |} 261
» agrestis, . 1/2)/3/4/5)/6/]7/8/9)]10]11 | 12 |] 261
»» polit,’ . 1/2/3/4]5]6]7]8]9] 10/11] 12] 969
* ,,  ournefortii, . 1/2/3/4]5!6]/7]8]9]10] 11] 12 |) 262
+» arvensis, 1)2/)}3/4/5/6)7)]8]9] 101] 11 | 12 | 262
»»  serpyllifolia, 1/2)'3)/4/5/6/7)8)]91] 10] 11 | 12 || 262
» officinalis, 1/2/3/4]5/6}/7]}]s8]9/] 10111] 12 |! 260
»  Chamedrys, 1/2}3/4]/5/6]/7]8)91 10] 11] 12 || 263
»  TMontana, 1);2)3/4/5/6/7]8)9] 10] 11 | 12 | 263
»  scutellata, 1/2/;38/4)5)6)7)/8]9/] 10! 11 | 12 || 263
»,  Anagallis, 1/2/3/4/5)6)/7)8)9] 10) 11 | 12 || 264
»,  Beccabunga, 1/2)38/)4/5)/6)7!8)/9] 10] 11 | 12 | 264
* » peregrina, 6 9] 10] 11 |] 12 |} 264
Euphrasia officinalis, 1/2/3/4/5/6)/7)8)91] 10] 11 | 12 || 265
45 Salisburgensis, 6 9 265
Bartsia Odontites, -{1/2)3)4)5)6/7}8]9}] 10] 11] 12 266
+» _Viscosa, . 7 21D? 11 266
Pedicularis palustris, 1/2/38/4)5)6)7}8191) 10] 11} 12 | 267
1 sylvatica, 1/2/3/4/5}6)7)8]9] 10] 11 | 12 267
Rhinanthus Orista-galli, 1)2/38/4)5/6)7/8)]9/)] 10] 11 | 12 |] 96 7
Melampyrum pratense, . 1/2/3/4)5/6)/7)8/9] 10} 11 | 12 |] 267
” sylvaticum, 11 | 12 || 268
Orobanche major, . 1;/2/3/4/]5 268
” rubra, . 6 8 11 | 12 || 269
5 Hedere, 1/2/3/4/5/6 8/9 ll 270
” minor, . 1/2/3)4)5 12 || 271
Lathreea Squamaria, 1/2/3/4/5/]6/7]819] 10 12 || 271
Utricularia vulgaris, -}1)2)38)4/5/6/7)s}o9]i0la} qe 272
” neglecta, 7 ~{ 1 5 273
minor, 1)2/}3/4]5/6/7)8}9} 10} 11} 12 || a73
Lo», intermedia, . 1 5/617)/81]9] 10 11 | 12 |] 973
Pinguicula vulgaris, 1)2/)38)4/5/6!7]/s]9] 10) 47 12 || 274
5 es ‘ 1] 2 274

a5 usitanica, 1/2/38/4/6/6]7 9 5
{Verbena officinalis, -. 1)/2/3/4/5/617 3 9 ” i i - ae
Mentha rotundifolia, 1/2/3/4/5/6 8 10 12 |} 2 76
» -piperita, . 1/2 5 8 10 | 11 | 12 || 277
» hirsuta, 1/2/)3/4/6/6/7)8) 9! 10/11] 12 || org
» Sativa, é -}1/2/38/41]5 7} 8/9/10] 11} 12 278
2 2» arvensis, . ‘ -}1]2/3/4/5]/6/7]8]9] 10 11 |} 12 || 279

 
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. lxxxix

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/8/)4/6|6)]7 |8)9) 10 | 11 | 12 || Pace

tMentha Pulegium, 1) 2 4 6 12 || 279
Lycopus europzus, 1/2|3)4 6] 7 |8 ]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 280
Origanum vulgare, 1)}2/)3/4/]6)/6)7)8 9] 10] 11] 12 || 280
Thymus Serpyllum, 1/2)}3/4/5]6/7]8]9 |] 10) 11 | 12 |) 281
» , Chamedrys, 1/2 281
}Calamintha Acinos, 38/4) 5 7 281
% officinalis, . 1/2/3/415/6 819 ll 282
Salvia Verbenaca, . ‘ 1/2/3/4]5)/6 283
*Nepeta Cataria, . 7 1) 21] 3 5|}6/7/8 ]9 | 10] 11 | 12 |} 284
ss  Glechoma, 1)2)3])4/5/6)7)]8]9)} 10] 11 | 12 || 284
Scutellaria galericulata, 1/2)3/4]/65/6]7 )]8]9 10] 11] 12} 285
” minor, " 1}2/3/4]5)]6 8/9 285
Prunella vulgaris, 6 1)/2}8/4]5/6/7]8/9 10] 11 | 12 | 286
*Marrubium vulgare, 1| 2 4} 5/6 286
Stachys Betonica, 1/2/31} 4 |[5J|[6] 10 | 11 | 12 || 287
», palustris, 1/2/8/]4/5/6/]7|8]9] 10] 11] 12 |} 288

»» sylvatica, 1/2]3/4)}5)6/7) 89] 10] 11] 12 || 288

» arvensis, 1/2/8]/4{/6!]6]7]8]91] 10/11 | 12 || 289
Galeopsis angustifolia, . 2/3)/4/]5 289
r versicolor, 38/4] 5 8 | 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 290

x Tetrahit, a 1/2/3/4/5)/6}7)]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 290
Lamium amplexicaule, . 1)/2;3/4/5/6 9] 10} 11} 12 |) 291
»  intermedium, 1 5 7 9/10/11 | 12 || 292

»,  purpureum, . ~-/1)2/3)4]5)6]7/8)] 9) 10] 11 | 12} 292

#8 hybridum, x -{1)/2/3]4/51/6 8} 9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 292

tT ,, album, . A 4 0 3/4] 5 7 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 293
24 Galeobdolon, . 4/6 7 293
tBallota nigra, : 1/2/38/41] 65 7 10 | 11 | 12 |) 294
Teucrium Scordium, 6)7 9 295
»  Scorodonia, . .{1/2/3]4/5]6]7 9} 10] 11 | 12 || 296
Ajuga reptans, . < -}1]/2/38)4/]5)]6)7]8]9} 10] 11] 12 |] 296
»» pyramidalis, , ‘ 6 296

eh lantago major, -{1]2]8]4)]5]6)]7);8 )]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 297
» Media, . - 1(1J/(2] 5 | 6 8} 9] 10] 11 297

9 lanceolata, T}2)}8)4/5/6]71/]8]9) 10 | 11] 12 |} 297

+» maritima, 11/2)38/)4/5/6 8 | 9 | 10] 11 | 12 |} 298
Coronopus, . Li213)4:)3 1% 6 84 16 } ib 12 2o8
Littorella lacustris, 5 1} 2 4 6/7]/8 ]9] 10] 11] 12 || 298
TScleranthus annuus, . 1|2 4] 5 10 | 11 | 12 |} 299
Chenopodium album, . 1/2/38/4/5]6]7]8]9/] 10] 11] 12 | 299

55 rubrum, . ot ES 4/5|6]7 800

* Bonus-Henricus,| 1 | 2 4/5|6]7 9 11 | 12 || 200
Beta maritima, é si -{1]2 4/5] 6 8 | 9] 10] 11] 12 | 301
Atriplex littoralis, 3 1 4/5/6 12 || 3801
57 erecta, : 1}2/3)4/]5/6 8] 9] 10) 11 | 12 |} 302

5 hastata, . . 1/2);3)4/5/]6)/7 {89} 10/ 11 |} 12 || 302

»  Babingtonii, . 1] 2 4]5] 6 8 10 | 11 | 12 || 302

os farinosa, . - 5 12 |] 302

‘5 portulacoides, . 1|2 4/5/16 [10] 12 || 308
Salicornia herbacea, . 1]/2)38/4/51]6 8) 9] 10} 11 | 12 || 304
Sueeda maritima, . é 1) 2 4/5] 6 8) 9 11 | 12 || 304
Salsola Kali, 1|2 4/516 8) 9 11 | 12 |} 304
Polygonum Convolvulus, 1}2/8)/4]5]6).7] 8] 9 410 {11} 12 || 304
;,  aviculare, 1/2/3/4/51/6]7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 306

*, Rail, . 1|2 4/5 [6 8 11 | 12 || 305
xe DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/3;4;65/]6]7/8]/9] 10] 11 | 12 |pAce
Polygonum Hydropiper, 1/2/3;4]5/6/7/]8]9] 10] 11} 12 |} 305
a minus, w 1/2/38/4/;)51/6 8 | 9/10] 11] 12 || 306
3 mite,. . . 10 506
i Persicaria, . 1)}2/38/4/5/6/7/8 ]9] 10) 11 | 12 || 307
a lapathifolium, 1/2 4] 5 8} 9 | 10] 11 | 12 |] 307
aA maculatum, 1 84 4 : : 12 || 307
3 amphibium, 1/2/38/4]/5]6!7{8]|9{ 10] 11] 12 |] 307
mo] Bistorta, (1/21) 3] [sy] 6 [9]} 10 | 11 | 12 |] 308
95) viviparum, . 1 9 11 308
it sagittifolium, 1 309
Oxyria digyna, 2 Dai : 8|9 11 309
Rumex conglomeratus, . 1/2)3)4/]5]/6/7)]81]9] 10] 11] 12 | 310
»» | Remorosus, 1)}2/)38/)4/5/)/6]7)]8{]9]10] 114 12 /| 310
»,  maritimus, 2 4) 5 311
t ,,  pulcher, 1] 2 [4] /[5] 311
5 obtusifolius, 1;2/3/4/6/6/).7/8 ]9]10] 11 | 12] 811
>»  crispus, . 1}2/8/4/5/]6/]7)8]9/] 10] 11] 12 ]) 312
en Hydrolapathum, 1)}2/3/4/5)6)]7/8)9] 10] 11] 12 | 312
»,  Acetosa, 1)/2/3/4/5)6)7/)/8]9{] 10] 11] 12 || 313
Acetosella, 1) 2/3/4/5/]/6].7]8]9] 10] 11] 12 |} 313
Euphorbia Helioscopia, 1/2)3/4)5/6/7)}8]9/ 10] 11] 12 || 313
»,  biberna, 1|2 6 8 [9] 11 314
t 3 amygdaloides, 1 (11] 315
45 Paralias, 1} 2 4/516 8 11} 12 |} 315
»_ portlandica, 1|2 4151/6 11 | 12 |] 315
» _ Peplus, 1/2/3/4/5]/6}7/8/9/10] 11 | 12 || 316
exigua, 1J2}3}4ls5]el7 9/10/11] 12 |] 316
+Mereurialis perennis, 21% 5} 6|.7 9 | 10 12 || 316
t i annua, 1/2/3 5 | 6 317
eae montana, 11} 12 218
earalyy Lal tlalslalelel@le ets ae los lar
2 urens, x 1};2)/3/4/5/6 ; 3 : Terie ae he
Parietaria officinalis, 1/2/;38/4/5/6/71]8]9 i : ] : : oad
Myrica Gale, 1/2/)3/)4/5/6)7}8]9110] 11] 12 || 320
Betula verrucosa, 2 6|7 9 321
3» pubescens, . i 2 :
Alnus gl utinosa, 1/2] 3 4 3 3 7 3 9 10 11 o 321
Corylus Avellana, . 1)2/3)4/5)6}7]8s}]9]10] 1 2 321
Quercus Robur, 1/2/3/4/5!/6/)7]819] 40 : oo
*Fagus sylvatica, 1/2/3/4/5]/6]7]819]| 10 i 4 a
tSalix triandra, 1/2 718 et ae 28
1» Pentandra, [1] |[2]} 3 ii ae lane
an 6 | 7 |[8]] 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 }} 3293
ft ,, fragilis, 1} 2)3/4)5 7 Il | 12 |} 324
¢ », alba, 1/2/3)/4/5/)61]7 i
9] 10] 11] 12 }} 324
ay SEIN ET ee, 1/2)3/4/6/6]7)8]9] 10/11 | 121) 324
»» aurita, 1)2/3)4/5{/6]/7]/sl]ol}i10] a1 re 324
3 = : : ss 4/5/6171/8]9] 10} 11 | 12 | 395
” 2
as phylicifolia, Peake : 2 | 10 | 1) 12 || 325
1» nigricans, # i i: oe
im: ¢
£55 ee 1)2/3/4/5/617]819] 10 11 | 12 || 326
” cea, ei Lsg 6 8 9
‘ ames eae j 9} 10/11] 12 |) 326
Populus tremula, . 1|2 4/5/6]7 olde ee
8 | 9] 10 | 11 | 12 || 328

 

 

 

 
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. x¢i

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/38/4/5)6)|%7 |8 {9 10 | 11 | 12 |/Pace

Empetrum nigrum, a 1/2/381)4/]5/6)]7]8]9) 10) 11] 12 || 328
Ceratophyllum demersum, 1) 2 5 | 7 12 || 329
Juniperus communis, 1 61718/9 11 | 12 || 329
Taxus baccata, 1 | 2 6 8|9{10]11] 12 |} 330
*Elodea canadensis, 1/2/38]/4]5/6|/7/8]9]10/ 11 | 12 |} 332
Hydrocharis Morsus-rane, 6/6|7)8|9] 10 12 |) 333
{Stratiotes aloides, . 1 10 334
Malaxis paludosa, . 1 8}4/5/6 8 } 10 12 || 335
Neottia Nidus-avis, 1/2)38/4)5|)/6)]7]/8/9]10 | 11 | 12 | 336
Listera cordata,  . 1);2/3/)41]5 8} 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 337
» ovata, : 1/2/3]/4]/5/6|7]8|9] 10] 11] 127 338
Spiranthes autumnalis, . L 2 4)/5/6|7)8]9 . 338
*5 Romanzoffiana, 1 10 12 || 339

” Cephalanthera ensifolia, 1/2/3)4 6 |.7 11 | 12 || 340
Epipactis latifolia, 1;2|3)4)5)6)7 9] 10] 11] 12 }| 340
media, ; 1 5 7 12 |) 341

5 atro-rubens, . 6 8 342

+3 palustris, 1 314)5]6].7 9} 10 | 11 | 12 |) 842
Orchis pyramidalis, 1/2/314/6]6/7]8/]9| 10] 11] 12} 348
»» Morio, 2);3/4/5/6)7)]8|9 344

»> mascula, 1/2)38)4/5/6)7/]8]9] 10) 11) 12 |] 844

»» imearnata, . 1/2/3]4]5]/6)-7]8]9 | 10) 11 | 12] 345

», maculata, : 1)/2/3)4/5/6)/7]8]9{ 10] 11 | 12 |] 345
Ophrys apifera, . 2 1)};2)/3/4)/5)/6)7)8]9 345
», wuscifera, 3 5)/6/7|8|9 346
Habenaria conopsea, 1/2/3]/4/5/6/7{|8)9] 10] 11 | 12 | 347
5 intacta, 6 9 347

;,  albida, 1/2/3/4/5/6 8 |9]10] 11 | 12 || 348

8 viridis, 3 1/2|3/4]5]6].7]/8 |9] 1011) 12 || 349

»,  bifolia, 1/2/3}/4]/5/6}/7/8/9] 10] 11 | 12 }) 349

99 chloroleuca, . ~11/2/38/4/51]6/7]8]9] 10] 12 | 12 || 349

*Tris foetidissima, . | 1} 2)38)4 15] 64.7 9 | 10] 11 | 12 |) 350
:  y, Pseud-acorus, . ‘4 -/1)2/8)4/5]6]748]9] 10] 11] 12 } 351
+Sisyrinchium angustifolium, . | 1 6 351
“t i californicum, 4 352
aN arcissus biflorus, ‘ : 8) 4/516 358
Asparagus officinalis, . $ 2 4 353
Simethis bicolor, . ofl 354
{Allium Babingtonii, .- 6 8 11 354
¢ ,,  Scorodoprasum, . 1| 2 355
»,  vineale, : 1/2|)3/4]5]6 9 11 | 12 || 355

»  ursinum, 1/21)3/4]/5/6]7]81]9 10 | 11 | 12 |} 356
Scilla verna, 4) 5 12 || 356
», nutans, z zi i1/2/3)4/5/6/7]8]9]|10| 11] 12 | 357
Colchicum autumnale, . 3 [6] 357
Narthecium ossifragum, 1/2]/3/4/5}6]7]8/ 9] 10] 11 | 12 } 358
Juncus bufonius, . 2 1/213/4/5]6]7 |8]94 10) 11 | 12 |) 358
y> | Squarrosus, 1/2/3/4|5]6|/7 |8 |9 | 10/11 | 12 || 358

» Gerardi, . - 1)}2)38)4)6)6 8 | 9] 10] 11 | 12 |) 359

+ ,, tenuis, . 3 «fd 6 ; 359
;,  glaucus, . 1/2/3]4]/5|/6]7|/8|9| 10] 11] 12 |) 360

» effusus, 1/2/3)4/6{|6]7]8 |9] 10] 11] 12 | 360

» conglomeratus, 1)2/3]/4/6/6|7]8 )9 10] 11 | 12 |) 360

, «Maritimus, = 1/2|3/4|5/6 8 | 9-( 10 | 11 | 12 |} 361

»  acutus, - : 1| 2 4 361
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Xcli

1/2/3/4/5]6]7/]8j|9/] 10] 11] 12 || Pace
Juncus supinus, 1/2/38/4]5]6]7] 89/10] 11 | 12 | 361
»,  Obtusiflorus, 1 8/4/5/6/7/]8/9 11 | 12 || 362
»»  lamprocarpus, 1/2/3/4,;,5;/6/7 )]81]9 | 10] 11] 12 |} 363
»  acutiflorus, 1/2/;3/)4/]5/]6]/7 );8)9] 10] 11 | 12 | 368
Luzula vernalis, 1/2/3)4/]5 7 10 | 11 | 12 |] 368
» Maxima, 1}/2}3/4/]5/]6]7j)8]9] 10] 11} 12 |} 363
» campestris, 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/6;9] 10] 11] 12 |) 364
Typha latifolia, 1/2/3/4/5/6]7)/8]9] 10] 11] 12 || 364
» angustifolia, . (5]} . 10 | 11 | 12 || 364
Sparganium ramosum, . 1}/2/38/4]/65616/7/8]9] 10] 11 | 12 | 365
» simplex, 1/2/3/4]/5/6]7/8]9]{10] 11] 12 |] 365
» affine, 1|2 5 8{ 9] 10] 11 | 12 |} 365
3 minimum, . 1/2/3/4;5/6)]7/8)]9); 10] 11 | 12 || 366
Arum maculatum, 1/2);3/4/5/6/7};8]9] 10] 11] 12 || 367
*Acorus Calamus, 5 12 || 367
Lemna trisulca, 1/2/3/4/5/6/7 9 | 10 | 12 || 368
y, minor, 1/2/3/4]5/6]7]/8]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 368
»  gibba, 2 4/51] 6 10 12 || 368
»» polyrhiza, 5/6/7 [12]]] 369
Alisma Plantago, . 1;2/;3/)/4/5/6/7/8]91] 10] 11 | 12 || 369
x, Tanunculoides, 1/2]/3/4/5/6)7]8]9] 10] 11] 12 || 370
Sagittaria sagittifolia, 3 5; 6] 7 9] 10 12 || 370
Butomus umbellatus, 2 5/6/7 10 12 || 371
Triglochin palustre, . 1)2/3/4/5/]6/7/8{9] 101] 11 | 12 |] 372
»  Mmaritimum,. .]/1/2/3]4/5] 8 8} 9] 10{ 11] 12 |] 372
Potamogeton natans, . -{1)2/;3/4/5]/6/7);8]91] 10] 11 | 12 | 372
3 ’ polygonifolius,./1])2/38/4]/5/6/7/8]9]10]11 | 12 | 372
A Jiuitans, j (7] 10 373
” Kirkii, 8 373
ve plantagineus, 1/2/3/)4/5/6/7)/8]9 12 || 373
is rufescens, . 1/2/3/4 6/71] 8 10 | 11 | 12 || 374
5 lanceolatus, . 6 375
3 heterophyllus,.. | 1/2)3]/4/5)/6/7]8/9]10]11 | 12] 3 75
be nitens, o [a 3 5 7/1 8]9 11 | 12 |] 376
5 lucens, 1)2/}3/4/5])6]7/8]9] 10/11} 12 |] 376
9 decipiens, . 5 t ll 376
” Zizti, 1 5}6/71/8 ]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 376
” prelongus, 1 Ca) 11 | 12 || 377
» _ perfoliatus, 1)/2}3/4/5]6!7/8]9] 10} 11 | 19 || 378
rf crispus, 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8]9/ 10] 11] 12 |! 378
+3 densus, 1)}2/3/4/5/6]7 378
+5 obtusifolius, 1/2 5/6 10 | 11 | 12 |] 379
” Friesii, 2 6/7/8]9 380
” pusillus, 1)2)3/)4/5)6)7/8]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 380
ei pectinatus, 1)2/3/4/5)6/7/s]9] 10] 41 12 || 380
” Jiabeliatus, 1 2 4 5 7 9 380

” filiformis, 7/8/19] 10] 11
Ruppia spiralis, 1 4/5 11} 12 aa
x  rostellata, . 1] 2 4/5|6 9 11 | 12 ai
Zannichellia brachystemon, . | 1 5/6 /7 he
3 pedunculata, 1 Me Re
» —_ polycarpa, . Ale
Zostera marina, . J 1] 2 4/5/16 8] 9 ro ace
» nana, 1 4/65 8 Pee aes
Naias flexilis, 1 8 os o83
383

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. xcili

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/3)4)65)/6)7)8)|9)| 10] 11 | 12 || pace

Eriocaulon septangulare, 1 6 8 11 384
Eleocharis acicularis, 1 3 6|6|7 9 | 10 12 || 385
» palustris, . 1/2/3]/4/5]/6/7]/81]9] 10] 11] 12 | 386

a uniglumis, . 1 a) 12 || 386

5 multicaulis, . 1/2/3/4]5/6 8} 9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 387
Scirpus paucifiorus, r 1 5|6|7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 || 387
3)  coespitosus, 1/2/3)/4/65/6)]7)8)9]10)} 11 | 12 || 387

3)  parvulus, . 1 4 387

» fiuitans, . 1/2/38/4/5]6]/7]8]910] 11 | 12 || 388

yy Savi, * . 1/2/}8/4]45)6 8 | 9] 10} 11 | 12 || 388

3»  setaceus, 1/2/3/4/5/6)7)8)9]10/ 11 | 12 |} 388

»» lacustris, . , 1/2/38)4]5/]6]7){8/]9] 10} 11 | 12 || 388

3»  Tabernemontani, 1/2/3)4/51/6 8 10 | 11 | 12 |] 388

»  maritimus, -{1/2])38/)4/6/6 8 | 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 389

3»  sylvaticus, - 1b ilerle 6|7 +10} 11 | 12 }) 389

»» Tufus, ‘ eke 5 8 | 9 11 | 12 || 389
Eriophorum vaginatum, 1)}2/3/4/6;}6)]7)]8]9] 10] 11] 12 || 390
a angustifolium, 1);2)/38)4;)6/6/7 ;8/9 10] 11] 12 || 390

a latifolium, . 1|2 4 6 8 11 | 12 || 391
Rhynchospora fusca, 1] 2 6 8/9 391
9 alba, 1] 2 4;5|6)7{]8{9]|10] 11] 12 ]) 392
Schoenus nigricansy LISI Si 4/4761 718) 91 10] 11 | 12 1 392
Cladium mariscus, ‘ 1/2/38/4/5)]6/7)]81}]9 410411} 12 |} 392
Carex dioica, 1 4)/5|)6/7/]8 )91] 10/11 | 12 }| 393
»» pulicaris, 1/2/3/4{6/6}|7/8]9] 10] 11] 12 || 393
»y pauciflora, 12 || 393

»» divisa, . 4/6 893
‘yy disticha, 1 3/4/5]/6]7]8 ]9]10] 11 | 12 |} 394
>> arenaria, . 1 4; 5|6 8 | 9 11 | 12 |] 394
», teretiuscula, 1 5|}6/7/8)]9] 10] 11) 12 |} 394

>» paradoxa, 7 395

», paniculata, . t/2)3)4)5)6]7)]8)9] 10] 11] 12 |) 395
», vulpina, 1/2/3)/4])/5]6/7)]8)9] 10] 11 | 12 || 395
3) muricata, 1/2/3)4/5/6 8 12 || 396

» divulsa, 1/2/3/4)]5 7 396

», echinata, 1;2)/3)4),5/6{]7)8/ 9] 10] 11] 12 |} 397

»» remota, : 1/2/3]/4/5/6/7]8]9)] 10] 11 | 12 |] 397
3, axillaris, . . 1 3 5 397

», Beenninghauseniana, . | 1 11 897

», eClongata, . . : : 10 [12]|) 398
»» curta, . 5 . ~-{1{/2)38)41)45 8 10 | 11 | 12 || 398
»  ovalis, . 5 1/2/38/4]65)]6)7)]8)9 10] 11 | 12 | 399
», Buxbaumii, . 12 || 399

;, Hudsonii, . 1/2/3/4]6]6]7]8]9]| 10] 11] 12 || 399
» acuta, . ¥ Lig 516 10 12 || 399
», trinervis, : 8. 400
», Yigida,. - 1/2/3)4 8 | 9} 10} 11 | 12 || 400
5, aquatilis, .  . 1 5 8 | 9-10 | 11 | 12 |] 401
» vulgaris, . . 1)/2/}38)4/5]6)]7)]8 |91}10] 11] 12 |) 402
3, glauca, . , 1/2)8)4/5)]6/]7)]8/9}10] 11] 12 || 402
,» limosa, : < 1| 2 5/6|7/]8)]9]10) 11) 12} 402
;> Pilulifera, . 1)/2/3/4/5]6]7/8|9} 10] 11 | 12 || 403
5) precox, -  « 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8{/9]10}11 | 12] 403
»» pallescens, . # 1)/2/)3)4 6 8 | 9} 10} 11 | 12 || 404
y» panicea, 1{2,3/4]6]6]7]8]|9| 10] 11 | 12 || 404

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

xciv
1/2/3/4/)5|6/)/7)]8)|9] 10] 11 | 12 || Pace
Carex pendula, * -{1)/2)/38/4/5/6/7 9] 10/11 | 12 || 404
+ strigosa, , -/1/2;38]4)4 . | 9} 10] 11 | 12 |] 405
», sylvatica, . s ~f{1]/2;3/4/5]/6/]7)]8]9 4] 10] 11 | 12 |} 405
», levigata, ‘ -{1/2/3/4/5]6]7]8]9/] 10] 11 | 12 || 406
», binervis, -{1)/2/3/4/,5/6/7)/8]9] 10 1 | 12 |} 406
», distans, * “ oh ee 4,5] 6 8] 9] 10] 11 | 12 |} 407
1) Ppunctata, c fl ° 407
», Hornschuchiana, . -/ 1} 2)/38;,4)/5/617/8]9] 10] 11 | 12 |} 407
», extensa, ‘ . -{1),2/38}4)5]6 8 A 11 | 12 || 407
1, flava, . i ‘ -{1;);2/3)/4/5/6]7]8]9] 10] 11-] 12 |] 408
», filiformis, . me 3 5/617|]8]/9]10) 11 [12]]} 408
», hirta, . % : -!1/2/3/4/6]6]/7/8)9/] 10] 111] 12°] 409
1, Pseudo-cyperus, . -{1;2;3)4/5/6!17]8)]91] 10 12 || 409
1, paludosa, ‘ ey LIS el al Slay 9} 10 12 |) 410
», Yiparia, ‘ " -{1)/2;3)/4/)/5/6/7 10 | 11 | 12 |} 411
», ampullacea, . . -f}1])2;3/}415/617/8]91] 10] 41 | 12 | 411
» rhyncophysa, 7 2 10 412
+, vesicaria, . 1)/2;3/4/5/6/7/8]9/] 10] 11 | 12 |] 412
Phalaris arundinacea, . 1;2/8/4/5]/6]7]8)]9]10] 11! 12 |} 413
Anthoxanthum odoratum, .|1/2/3/4/5/6/7]8]9]10] 11] 12 413
. Alopecurus geniculatus, . -{1)2/3)4)5/6]7/8)]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 413
4 _ pratensis, . ./1/2/3/4/5!/6]7{/8|/9]10/ 11/12] 413
Milium effusum, . zi ~}1}27)8)/4 7; 8;9{]10}] 11 | 12 || 414
Phleum pratense, . -{/1])2/)8)4)5/6/7]8]9] 10] 11] 12} 414
5 arenarium, . ao 2 4,5/6 9 11} 12 || 415
Agrostis canina, . ¥ ~{1/)2);8)4/5)6)/7)81)]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 415
“i alba, ‘ % 1)2/;3/4/5/6]7/8]9] 10] 11/12 416
a vulgaris, . 1);2)3/4/5)/6)/7/8]9]10] 11} 12 | 416
Calamagrostis Epigeios, . 6 8 12 ||.416
- stricta, . 10 12 || 417
Psamma arenaria, . : 1/2 415/6 8/9 11 | 12 |] 417
Aira caryophyllea, -}1)2)38)/4/5)6/7/8/9]10] 11] 12 417
» precox,, . . ./1/213/4]/516]7/8]9] 10) 11 | 121 418
Deschampsia cespitosa, . ~;1/)2/3/4)5/6/7]8]9) 10] 11 | 12 |} 418
6 alpina, . a! 8 418
55 Gisoalos, % ‘ 8 418
7 exuosa, . ~| L728
Holcus mollis, . -{1/21]3 7 5 8 i 3 9 10 ii 12 iis
», lanatus, 3 -{1])2;3])4]6
: 6}7)8]9/ 10411] 12 || 419
Trisetum flavescens, . -|1/2)38/)4})5)6)7]81/91] 10 12 19
Avena pubescens, . : -}1)2/3/4/5]6]7)8]9] 10 ].11 | 12 420
Arrhenatherum avenaceum, .|1]2/3]4/51 6 7/8/19] 10] 11 | 12 a
Triodia decumbens, -}1)2)3)4/5/6/7/]81]9] 10 11 | 12 20
Phragmites communis,. ./1/2/3/4/5/61/7/8 9) 10 | 11 120
Sesleria cerulea, . 617/8]/9] 10] 11 ae
Cynosurus cristatus, | L)2)Sialelale le bol ag| a1 taal aoe
Keeleria cristata, . 1] 2 415/6/7/8]9 yy : oe
Molinia cerulea, . 1)2/3)4]/5/6;)7/8]9110 i re ee
Catabrosa aquatica, 1);2)3/4/6])6]7]8]91 10 aed be
Melica uniflora, . | 1/2/3/4/5/617]s|9!i0|a1| ia | sae
Dactylis glomerata, . 1/2/3/4/5/6/7]8 raed bese
- Briza medi 9 | 10] 11 | 12 |] 423
eo tl) 1/2;/3/4/5lel7i/¢3
Poa anna 9} 10] 11 | 12 |} 423
By eae 1/2/3/4/5/6/7]/8
alpine. 9110] 11] 12 || 423
” P: % i . 1 9 423
nemoralis, .
” 9 1 4/5/6/7 12 ||. 424

 

 
DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS. CV

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1| 2 24 5 al e/9 10 | 11 | 12 || Pace

Poa pratensis, .  . 1/2/3)4/5;6]7)8]9]| 10] 11 | 12 || 424
»» palustris,  . 5 424
,» trivialis, 1]2/3/4]/5/6/7)/8|9] 10] 11} 12 || 425
Glyceria fluitans, . 1/2/3/4/5]6)7/]8/9 | 10] 11] 12 }).425
» plicata, . . «| 1/2/38 5|6|/7/8/9] 10 12 |) 425

» «Aquatica, . 3 -{1)2)3)415)/6]/7 9 12 || 426

+» ‘Maritima, 1/2/3/4/45/6 8| 9] 10] 11 | 12 || 426

»  distans, 1 4|5 10} 11 | 12 |] 426
Borreri, ‘ i 4) 6 427

Festuca rigida, . . “?}1)]2);3/4/5]6/7)]8 | 9] 10} 11} 12 | 427
3,  rotbeellioides, . -{ 1) 2 4|6|6 9 |: 11 | 12 |] 428

»  unigiumis, 3 4/5 428

t ,,  Myuros, . * 1/;2/3/4/45/6 9 428
3, Sciuroides, : 1)}2/)3/)4/5/6/)7)]8)]9] 10] 11} 12 |} 429

» ovina, . 7 1)}2/)3}4/5/]617)]8{]9] 10] 11 | 12 |} 429

»  vubra, .. 1}/2/3]4/5/617]8{9]| 10] 11 | 12 || 429

” sylvatica, . 1/2/38) 4 6} 7{8{9]10/] 11 | 12 || 429

» @latio, .  . 1/2}/3|4/5]6]7/)8]9] 10] 11] 12 |) 430

» arundinacea, . 1),2)3)4]5]6]7/]8)91] 10) 11] 12 |] 430
Bromus giganteus, : 1}2)3/4]/45)6]7)]8j9 | 10/11] 12} 431
» asper, 1/2/3/4]/5]6/7]8]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 431

tT 5, erectus, . . 3/4/5/6/7 [11] 431
>>  Madritensis, . 2 || 482

») ‘sterilis, . 1/2}/3/4]/6]6/7]8]9]10/ 11 | 12 || 432

+  secalinus, . 6) bf 2 5 | 6 10 12 || 432

+,  racemosus, A 1/2 4/5/6/7|]8]9 12 }| 433

3» commutatus, « 1;2/3]4 6/7 9} 10) 11 433
mollis, . -{1;)2;/3]/4)/5)]6)7)8)9] 10] 11 | 12 |) 434
Brachypodium sylvaticum, .|1/2/3]4/5)]6/7]| 8/910) 11 | 12 | 434
Lolium pererine, . ‘ ~-f1}2)/3]4]5;,6]7/)] 8/9] 10] 11] 12 |] 4384
»» temulentum, . 1/2/3/4)/65/6/]7) 8- 10 | 11 | 12 |] 434
Agropyron caninum, . 1/2/3/]4]6)/6]7 10 { 11 | 12 |] 434
59 repens, . -{1/)/2)3)4)5]6)7)]8)9] 10] 11 | 12 | 435

a pungens, . 2 4/6 ; 435

” aeutum, - 1/2 4) 5 9 Il | 12 || 436

3 junceum, . 1| 2 4|5]6 8/9] . | 11] 12] 438
/-Lepturus filiformis, . 1) 2 4] 5/6 8} 9} 10 | 11 | 12 || 436
Nardus stricta, é 1)};2/)3]/4]5]/617)]8]9]-10 |] 11] 12 || 436
Hordeum secalinum, : LT/2)/8 (4/616 10 12 || 437
t os murinum, : ~l2P1L SSL era] s 9 (12]]) 437
Elymus arenarius, : 4) 5 3 11 438
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, 1/2/3)4]/5]6]7)]8)9] 10] 11 | 12 || 489
unilaterale, 1/2/3/4/5/6 8 | 9 |-10 | 11 | 12 || 440

Trichomanes radicans, . 1/2 4 6|7 -10) 11 440
Adiantum Reptile Veneelt > . 6 8 | 9 |. 11 441
Pteris aquilina, . e 1/2/3/4/5)6/]7]81]9]|10] 11] 12 || 442
Cryptogramme crispa, . 5 10 | 11 | 12 |] 442
Blechnum Spicant, ‘ ~/1)213)/4/6]6} 7] 8) 9110] 11 | 12+] 443
Asplenium lanceolatum, 1] 2 443
»,  Adiantum-nigrum, | 1] 2|3|]4/5/]6] 7/8 )9 |] 10) 11) 12 || 444

3 marinum, . ~{1)2)38)4)5]6 8] 9 11 | 12 |) 444

55 viride, . fi ~| 1] 2 8| 9} 10/11 445

»,  ‘Trichomanes, ./1)2/3/4)5)6/7) 8) 9) 10/11 | 12} 445
Ruta-muraria, ./1/2/3)/4/5/6/7)]8 {9} 10/11) 12 | 446

£ Athyrium Filix-foemina, 1}/2/3|4}5]6],7]8 |9 {10/11 | 12 | 446
xevi DISTRIBUTION IN THE DISTRICTS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1/2/3/4]/6/6/7)8)9j 10] 11 | 12 | Pace

Ceterach officinarum, 1/2/3/4]5|/6]7]8 | 9] 10 | 11) 12] 446
Scolopendrium vulgare, 1;2/3/4)5]6/7 )8/)9] 10] 11 | 12 || 446
Cystopteris fragilis, 1}/2/3/4/5/6)/7}8]9| 10] 11 | 12 | 447
Aspidium Lonchitis, 1 8|9 11 448
»  aculeatum, 1)/2/3]4/5/6]7]8)9| 10] 11 | 12} 448

» angulare; . ./1/2/3/4/5/6/7]8]9] 10) 11 | 12 || 449

. Lastrea Thelypteris, 1 4/5/6]7/8]9]|10] 11} 12 || 449
3»  Oreopteris, 1}2/38/4/5)/6]7]8)]9] 10] 11 | 12 |) 450

»,  Filix-mas, ; 1}/2/3/4/5/6]7]8]9] 10} 11 | 12 |} 450

»»  Spinulosa, . 1/2/38/4/5]6/7]8]9]|10] 11 | 12 || 450

>» dilatata, . . 1/2/31/4)5/6/7]8]9 | 10] 11] 12 |) 461

>» emula, . . 1/2/38/4)5]/6)]7}8 {9} 10] 11} 12 |) 461
Polypodium vulgare, 1/2/3/4/]5]6;7)]8]9|10] 11 | 12 }} 451
” Dryopteris, 4 6 9 [12]}} 452

a Phegopteris, 1)/2)3/4/5)]6 8 | 9 | 10] 11 | 12 || 452
Osmunda regalis, . : 1);2)3]4/5/]6).7]8]9[|10/] 11] 12 || 453
Ophioglossum vulgatum, 1/2)38/4/5;]6)]7 ]8]9]10/ 11 | 12 || 4538
Botrychium Lunaria, 1/2)/3/)4/5)6/7)8)9{|10] 11 | 12 || 454
Equisetum maximum, 1/2)/3/)4/5!6/7)]8)9] 10) 11 | 12 || 454
33 arvense, 1/2/3/4;5/617]8;9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 454

54 pratense, i 11 | 12.]} 455

55 sylvaticum, . 1)/2])3/4]/5/6)7)]8)]9110/ 11] 12 |} 455

*5 palustre, 1)/2)/3/4/65]6]7{8]9] 10} 11 | 12 | 455

93 limosum, . 1/2}3/4/6,)6)7)]8]9]10/ 11] 12 }} 456

es hyemale, 1 8) 4] 6 7 : 10 | 11 | 12 |] 456

55 Moorei, 4 2 457

3 trachyodon, . 1}2 6 8 | 9 12 || 457
variegatum, 1 3 5}6}7/8/9] 11 | 12 || 438

a: Lycopodium Selago, 1);2/38)/4/5/6/7/8)]9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 459
49 inundatum, 1 8 459

‘9 clavatum, . 1 (2)]} 8141] 5 7/8) 9] 10] 11 | 12 |] 459
alpinum, 1 4 _ | 8} 9] 10] 11 | 12 | 460

Selagin ella sela ginoides, 1 38/4/5/6171]8]9]10] 11 | 12 || 461
Isoetes lacustris, . ‘ ot eds 129) 4 8|9]10]11 | 12 |] 461
55  echinospora, 1 8. 462

_ Pilularia globulifera, 1 8. 10 12 || 462
Chara fragilis, . 1/2/8/4,5)6)7/8/9]|10}]11] 12 463
»»  connivens, . 4 f 464

» aspera, . . «fl 3/4/5/6]7]8]9]10] 11] 12] 464
»  polyacantha, . : 2)3/4/5/6/7/8191]10 464

+> contraria, 5 oh 3 56/6]/7]/8]9] 10 12 || 465
»  denudata, 7 | 465

>», tomentosa, . 6|7 9 466

os hispida, é ‘ -11)2/38/4/56161718]9] 10 12 || 466

» vulgaris, 6 0 f'1/2/3/4)5)6!/7}8]9]} 10] 11 | 12 | 467
canescens, . ‘ | |i 4 467
Tolypella glomerata, 415/617 9] 467
9 prolifera, . 5 468
intricata, ‘ ji 5 y 468

N itella Nordstedtiana, . » {1 468
” tenuissima, . : 617 469

2» gracilis, . . is 4 } , 469
ee 2 8} | 10 12 || 469
” F . . : 9/10 470

+> Opaca, . -11}2/3814/5}6(7]8}9] 10/12} 12 470

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
CONTRIBUTIONS

CYBELE HIBERNICA.
DICOTYLEDONES.

ORDER I.—RANUNCULACEZ.
THALICTRUM Linn.

1. T. alpinum Linn.— Alpine Meadow-Rue.

Districts I. — — — — — — VIII. IX. — XL —
Lat. 52°-55°. West Ireland. Type, Highland.

Wet rocks and grassy slopes on mountains; rare. 7, July-
August.

I. Brandon mountain, Kerry (Rev. A. Ley): Journ. of Bot.
1887.—VIII. Mountains above Kylemore Castle, Connemara
(Moore): Rec. Add. Croaghpatrick, in Mayo; Muckanaght
(Twelve Bens), Benchoona and Maumeen, in Galway : Hart 1883 a.
Near the summit of Lettery mountain, Ballinahinch, 1800: Wade
Gallovid.—and in 1882: Hart 1883 a.—IX. Near the summit of
Ben Bulben: Murphy 1829. Cliffs at Anna Coona over Gleniff :
B. & V. 1885.—XI. Poisoned Glen, Dunlewy and Slieve League :
Hart 1885 y. Blue Stack mountains in several places: Hart
188r 8. Slieve Snacht west, 1884: N.C. Alt mountain near
Ardara: Hart 1886.

From 900 to 2150 ft. in Donegal (Hart); at 1930 ft. in Sligo
(B. & V.); 1800-2110 ft. in Galway (Hart); at 2000 ft. in Kerry
(Rev. A. Ley).

First found by Wade, on Ben Lettery, in 1800.

B
2 RANUNCULACEA. [ Thalictrum.

2. T. minus Linn. (Aggregate).— Lesser Meadow- Rue.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, Scottish-British.
Stony places and sand-hills; local. #7. June-August.

T. dunense Dum.

Districts — — — IV. V. — — — — — — XII.
Lat. 523°-55}°. East Ireland only.

Sand-hills and sandy shores; local. £7. June-July.

IV. South of Cahore Point and on to Courtown, Wexford:
Hart 18810. Kiltennel, Wexford (Miss £. M. Farmer); sand-
hills north of Arklow (More): Rec. Add.—vV. On Ireland’s Eye,
Howth: Wade Rar. 1804—and in 1882: W.C. Portrane and
Malahide, Co. Dublin; More. Near Rob’s Walls, Malahide,
1897; Miss 8. Colgan. Sand-hills at Rush: Miss A. @. Kinahan.—
XII. Near Newcastle, 1793 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.—and in
1878 (Corry): Flor. N.-E. Sand-hills near Portrush, Antrim,
1852: Babington in Herb. In profusion on Ballykinler sands east
of Dundrum (Stewart); also sparingly at Ballycastle (Corry):
Flor. N.-E.

T. collinum Wallr.

Districts I. — — — — VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-544°. From South to North.

Rocky lake shores and on mountain cliffs; local. F%. July-
August.

I. Ross island ; shore of Middle Lake and Mangerton mountain,
Killarney; 2. W. S.—VI. Rocks at Black Head, Clare (P. B.
O'Kelly): Wats. B. Ex. Club Rep. 2894. Among rocks at the
mouth of the Rossmore river, Lough Derg (C. J. Lilly): Ir. Nat.
1896.—VII. Abundant on limestone rocks at Slevoir Point, Lough
Derg, Tipperary: N.C. z897.—VIII. Mweelrea and Glencullen in
Mayo; Ben Choona, Galway: Hart 78830. Shore of Lough
Corrib below Carn Seefin: P. & C€. 2895. By the river at
Oughterard very luxuriant, and north shore of the Narrow Lake,
west of Lough Mask: MU. & 8. 7896—IX. North face of Ben
Bulben; Anna Coona and cliffs of Glenade, nowhere plentiful :
B. § V. 1885. Limestone rocks, south of Lough Mask: I gS.
1896.—X. Sparingly on Goat Island and at Gubbaroe Point,
Kesh: Barrington 1884.—XII1. By Kilbroney river; on Pigeon
Rock mountain and on Cove mountain: 8. ¢ P. 2892.
Thatictrum. | RANUNCULACEA. 3

Although the numerous Irish records for 7. fleewosum (Bernh.),
T. majus (Smith), T. Kochii (Fries) and 7. calearewm (Jord.) should,
no doubt, be referred to this sub-species, it has seemed best to put
under it only such plants as have been verified by competent
authority either as T. collinum (Wallr.), or as the perhaps scarcely
distinct 7. montanum of the same author.

8. T. flavum Linn.—WYarsh Meadow-Rue.

Districts — IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X: — XII.
Lat. 523°-543°. From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. River sides, ditches and marshy places; rather rare.
1. June-July.

II. In several places along the river Suir from Camus Bridge to
Clonmel: Hart 2885 a.—III. In marshy grounds in Sir Robert
Staples’ woods, Queen’s Co.: Mack. Rar. Ditch near the river
Barrow, below Athy; &.W.S. By the Nore at Bennett's Bridge:
Hart 18858. Meadows by the Barrow at Ulard wood, Kilkenny,
1896; Rev. T. Hartley.—IV. Marshy fields by the Morrough of
Wicklow: Moore § More 1878.—Y. By the river Boyne, between
the Obelisk and Slane: Zr. Mor. Boyne, near Navan: R. W. S.—
VI. Garryland, near Gort: More 7855.—VII. Plentifully on the
banks of the Inny river, Longford: Foot 7865. Ladestown, near
Lough Ennel (Levinge) and Dysart, near Delvin (Miss E. Reynell) :
Levinge 1894. Abundant on the banks of the Borrisokane river,
Co. Tipperary (C. J. Lilly): Ir. Nat. 1896.—VIII. Recorded for
this district in first edition of Cyé., but no locality available—IX.
Banks of the Suck, near Ballinasloe, Roscommon: Praeger 1896.—
X. On Killygowan island, upper Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.—
XII. Near Toom Bridge, Derry: Moore MS. Shane’s Castle ( Corry),
Cranfield Point (Stewart) and other stations round Lough Neagh :
Flor, N.-H. Langford Lodge, Antrim: 8S. & P. 1895.

ANEMONE Linn.
1. A. nemorosa Linn.— Wood Anemone.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII
Lat. 513°-55}°. - Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.
Woods, hedge-banks, and shady places; rather common. 7,
March-May. : ;
Sea-levelin N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft.in Derry (Hart);
to 1800 ft. in Louth (Mor. V.-E.); to 2080 ft. in Wicklow (Hart).
BQ
4 RANUNCULACEA. [ Anemone

A state of this species with light-blue flowers, resembling those
of 4. apennina, grows abundantly in Glenshalane, Cappoquin, and
Ounashad Glen, Lismore, and is found to retain its colour under
cultivation (F. #. Currey).

RANUNCULUS Linn.
1, RB. circinatus Sibth—Rigid Water- Crowfoot.

R. divaricatus Schrank.—Batrachium divaricatum Wimm.
Districts I. — III, — V. VI. VIL. — IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-544°. South to North. Zype, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Pools, streams, and canals; rather rare. 7. May-
June.

I. In the Lough of Cork: Flor. Cork—but not seen there
recently.—III, In the river Barrow, near Monasterevan (Jfoore) :
Cyb. Inthe Grand Canal at Portarlington, Queen’s Co.: Praeger
1897.—V. In the Liffey, near Chapelizod (More), and near Straffan,
Kildare (J. Douglas): Cyb. Plentiful in the Royal and Grand
Canals, Co. Dublin, 1895; N.C. Lough Crew, near Oldcastle,
Meath: Praeger 1897,—VI. Near Limerick (Prof. Harvey): Cyb.
Inchiquin Lake, Co. Clare, 1892: Levinge.—VII. Drains by Inny
river, near Ballymahon, and in the Royal Canal, Longford: B. & V.
887. Brittas Lake, Knock Drin, Westmeath: Levinge 1895.—
IX. River Suck, at Mount Talbot, Roscommon; Levinge. —
X. Abundant in Derryadd Bay, Lough Neagh: Praeger 1893.—
XII. In the Lagan canal, near Lough Neagh (Praeger): B.N.F.C.
Proe, 1892-93.

2. R. fluitans Lamk.—Long-leaved Water- Crowfoot.
District — — — — ~—~ — — ~—~ — ~ ~— Xt,
Lat. 542°. North-east. Antrim only. Type, English.

Lowland. In swift streams; very rare. 7. June-August,

XII. Plentiful in the Sixmilewater close to Dunadry station
and lower down to Muckamore; also a little distance above white
the river empties into Lough Neagh (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

3. R. trichophyllus Chaix.—Hair-leaved Water- Crowfoot.

Batrachium trichophyllum F, Schultz.
Districts I. II. III. IV, Y. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, English. ?
Ranunculus. | RANUNCULACEA. 5

Lowland. Still waters in lakes, pools, and quarry holes; fre-
quent. F?. May—June.

The form with floating leaves, variously named FR. Godronit
(Gren.), 2. Drowetticd (Godr.), and R. radians (Rev.), has been found
in Westmeath, Louth, King’s Co., Donegal, Kerry, Dublin, Galway,
and Mayo.

4. R. heterophyllus Fries.— Common Water- Crowfoot.

Districts — — — — V. — VII. VIII — X. — XII.
Lat. 58°-55°. Middle and North Ireland.

Lowland. Still waters or slow streams; frequent. 2%. May-
July.

V. Frequent in Co. Dublin; W. C.— VII. In Lough Ree:
B. & V. 1887.—VIII. Between Clonbur and Lough Mask: I § S.
1896.—X. Ditches on Devenish, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.—
XII. Copeland Island, Groomsport, and Clandeboye Lake, Down
(Stewart); shore of Lough Neagh, near Crumlin (Corry), &c.;
frequent in the north-east: Flor. V.-£.

Probably more widely distributed than would appear from the
foregoing records.

Var. veruytios (Wallr.).—V. Near Baldoyle, Co. Dublin;
W. T. Dyer & More.

R. peltatus Fries.

Batrachium truncatum Dum.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. — VII. VITI. IX. X. XI. XM.
Lat. 514°-55°. Throughout Ireland probably.

Lowland. Lakes and slow streams; frequent. #7. May-August.

The distribution here given includes that of R. floribundus (Bab.)
which has been recorded from Districts III. IV. V. VIII. TX. and
XII.

Var. truncatus Hiern.—XII. Near Saintfield and Lough Mann,
Co. Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell): 8. & P. 1895.

R. penicillatus Dum.

R. pseudo-fluitans Bab. (Man. 6th Ed.).
Districts I, II. II. IV. V. VI. VIT. — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 523°-544°. Throughout Ireland probably.

In swift streams; frequent. #7. May—July.

To 750 ft. in Dublin (.C.) but usually lowland.
6 RANUNCULACEA. [ Ranunculus.

5. R. Baudotii Godr—Daritime Water- Crowfoot.

Batrachiun Baudotii F. Schultz.
Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — VII. — — XI. —
Lat, 513°-553°. From South to North. ;

Brackish pools and ditches near the sea, also occasionally inland ;
local. 7. May—August.

I. Near Castlegregory, Kerry (Moore): Cyb. Blennerville and
Banna: R. W.S. 1889. Kilkern lake, Rosscarbery, Cork, 1891,
and—II. Near Ballyvodock, Cork, 1896; Phillips. By the railway,
near Waterford (Babington): Cyb—IV. Lady’s Island lake,
Wexford: Hart 18838. Pools near Wexford Harbour, 1897 ; Rev.
E. &. Marshall—Y. Pools near Baldoyle station, Dublin: Flor.
Howth—VI. By the Fergus at Ennis: Stewart 1890. Near Gal-
way (Moore): Cyb. Rock pools, Inishmaan, Aran Isles, 1892; .C.
Oughtmama and Inchiquin lakes, Clare (Levinge): Wats. B. Ex.
C. Rep. 1894.—VIII. Inishbofin: More 7876.—XI. Tory Island:
Barrington 1879. Kildoney Point, Ballyshannon: Hart 1885 y.

Var. conrusus Godr.—tII. Pools near Cork: Carroll 128s54.—
WV. Brackish pools near Sutton, Co. Dublin, 1882: R. P. Vowell.

6. R. tripartitus DC.—TZhree-lobed Water- Crowfoot.
District L —- — — ~—~ — ~—~ ~ ~—~ — ~— —
Lat. 514°. South Cork only.

Lakes and pools near the sea; very rare. £7. April-May.

I. Plentifully in a small lake near the sea to the south of
Baltimore, Co. Cork, 1896 (Phillips): Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 166.

Vor, intERMEpIus (Knaf).—I. Roadside pool near Adrigole,
Cork, 1894; Phellips.

In the Journal of Botany, 1896 (p. 177) Messrs. A. & J. Groves
state that the Baltimore specimens closely resemble in all respects
the plant of western France. So far, this is the only known station
in the British Isles for typical 2. tripartitus.

7. R. Lenormandi F. Schultz.— Greater Ivy-leaved Crowfoot.
RR. cenosus Godr.
Districts I. I — IV. Ve — —~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Lat. 51}°-534°. Southern half of Ireland. Zype, English.

Moist, sandy, and gravelly places; also in Sphagnum plashes in
the mountains ; locally abundant. 7. June-August. Calcifuge A.

I. Gap of Dunloe, 1858: Herb. Babington. Near Lough
Caragh: More, Killorglin, Rossbeigh, Glencar, and several places
Ranunculus.) RANUNCULACEA. 7

about Killarney: &. W. S. 1889. Near Skibbereen, 8. Cork, 1896 ;
Plallips.—II. Frequent near Fermoy, Cork (Z. Chandlee) ; on Galty-
more, Tipperary (Moore): Cyb.—IV. Clohass Bog, Wexford (Miss
. M. Farmer): Rec, Add, Alderton, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1889.
Glenmalure, Lough Dan, &c.; common in Wicklow (More): Ree.
Add.—V. Seecawn; Kippure Mountain, and many other stations
in Dublin mountains; JW. C.

Sea-level in 8. Cork and Kerry. To 1900 ft. in Wicklow (¥.C.).

8. R. hederaceus Linn.—Lvy-leaved Crowfoot.

Batrachium hederaceum &. F. Gray.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Tyye, British.

In shallow pools and ditches, chiefly on mud; frequent. 7.
April-August. Calevfuge B.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Donegal
(Hart) ; to 1200 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

9. R. seeleratus Linn.— Célery-leaved Crowfoot.
Districts I. II. JIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Ditches, pools, and moist ground, usually on clay
soils, and most abundant near the sea; frequent, but local. #7.
June-August.

Rare in many parts of the west and north-west. The curious
deep-water form with long-stalked floating leaves is uncommon.

10. R. Flammula Linn.—Lesser Spearwort.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII, VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Tyype, British,

Watery places; very common. 7, June-August.
_ The form pseudo-reptans of Syme is not uncommon, and a speci-
men from Dromod, Co. Leitrim, approaches to &. petiolaris of
Marshall: Journ. of Bot. Dec. 1892.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Donegal,
and to 2500 ft. on Galtymore (Hart).

11, R. Lingua Linn. —Great Spearwort.
Districts I. If. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-554°. From South to North. Zype, English-British,
Lowland. Margins of lakes and rivers, and in bog-drains and
canals; local and rather rare. F7. June-July.
8 RANUNCULACEA. [ Ranunculus.

I. Lough Gill, Castlegregory: Hart 1884.—II. Blarney river
near the castle: Drummond z8r9. Swamp near Clonea, Dungar-
van, and by the Suir river, Loughmore: Hart 18838. Common
in streams and drains about Blenheim: B.-H § G. 2889.—
III. Foulkscourt bog, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. By the
Erkina river below Durrow: Hart 1885 8.—IV. Knockie bog and
Alderton, Wexford: B.-H. §& G. 2889. Murrough of Wicklow
(Moore): Cyb.—V. Between Castledermot and Carlow ( Carroll) :
Cyb.—Ardee bog and the Glack bog, near Castlebellingham :
Butler 1890. Banks of the Boyne below Bective: More. Abun-
dant in the Royal Canal, Co. Dublin; R. W. Si—VI. Near Castle
Taylor, Galway: More 1855. By the Fergus above Ennis, Clare:
Mack. Rar. Abundant in a marsh at Doonbeg, Clare: Stewart
z890. By the Shannon at Portumna, Galway, 1896; WV. C.—
VII. Black river, north of Monasterevan: Hart 1885. Lough
Owel: Levinge z894.—VIII. At Maam, Galway: Babington 1836.
‘Lake near Letterfrack, Connemara (Moore): Rec. Add.—IX. Lough
Key, near Boyle (¥. J. Foot): Cys. River at Creagh, Ballinrobe :
Miss M. F. Jackson. X. Abounds in the lakes near Drum, Clones
(J. Bain): Rec. Add. Closet river, Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett):
Praeger 1893——XII. About Portmore Lough and by the Bann
above Portglenone, 1796 (Zéempleton): Whitla MS. Near Dun-
given (Mrs. Leebody); Pollramer lake (R. Hanna); and near
Ballydugan lake (Praeger): S.§ P. 2895.

12. R. auricomus Linn.— Goldilocks.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. — VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-55°, From South to North. ype, British-English.
Lowland. ‘Woods, thickets and hedgerows; rather local. Fi.
April—June.
Very rare in the south-west, and not recently seen in District I.
Scarce also in the west.

13. R. acris Linn.— Upright Crowfoot.

Districts I. TI. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Meadows, .pastures and hedgerows; abundant. FV. June—
August.

In Ireland the ordinary plant is R. tomophyllus of J ordan, a
hairy form of the same author’s R. Boreanus.
Ranunculus. RANUNCULACES. 9

Var, rarestanvs Jord. (scarcely distinct from the same author’s
R. vulgatus).—I. On Mangerton (More): Rec. Add. On Brandon
mountain; V.C. Above Kells Lough, west of Rossbehy, Kerry ;
R.W.S.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2850 ft. in Wicklow (WV.C.); to 2950 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).

14. R. repens Linn.— Creeping Crowfoot.

Hibernicé Peapban (Farra-Bawn).
Districts I. II. INI. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554£°. Throughout Ireland. Zyye, British.

Damp meadows and pastures, waste places and ditches; abun-
dant. #7. May—August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Donega¥
and to 2550 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

A form with leaves divided into narrow segments recorded under:
the name tenuisectus from inundated places on the banks of the-
Blackwater below Mallow (More) and from near Gort (P. B.
O' Kelly) is probably R. reptabundus (Jord.).

15. R. bulbosus Linn.—Bulbous Crowfoot.

Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Meadows, pastures, dry banks, and sand-hills; common. Fi.
May-July.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and S. Cork. To 600 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1500 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).

Rare in the north-west, though usually common in Ireland.

16. +R. parviflorus Linn.—Smaill-flowered Crowfoot.

Districts I. II. II. IV. Vi — — — _--
Lat. 52°-534°. South-east Ireland. Type, iinglich.

Lowland. Cornfields and dry banks; rare and perhaps intro-
duced in all stations. £7. April—June.

I. Near Carrigrohane Castle: Drummond 18z9.—II. Near Cove:
and by the Glanmire road; Ballyvodock, near Midleton and
Ballywilliam, near Poor Head: Flor. Cork, On the ramparts,
Spike Island (Carroll): Cyb. Eastferry, Cork (Rev. 7. Allin): Ree.
Add. Brick Island near Carrigtwohil, 1896 ; near Whitegate, 1897 ;
Phillips. Rock of Cashel (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb—III. Near the
10 RANUNCULACEA,. [ Ranunculus.

city of Kilkenny (Keo. S. Madden): Cyb.—IV. Saltee Island ;
Barrington. A troublesome garden weed at Alderton; in a field
near Pilltown Stage; near the Island Quay, Co. Wexford:
B.-H. & G. 1889. Bank near Rosslare Harbour Station, 1897;
Rev. E. S. Marshall—V. Along the river side at Bray : Wade Rar.
zéog. At Bray Common, 1875; Barrington. East side of the
Green Hills and ditch side beyond Milltown, Co. Dublin: Wade Rar.
Plentiful on the sandy commons between Baldoyle and Howth:
Mack. Ror. Oottage garden near Prumplestown, Kildare (J.
Douglas): Rec. Add.

17. R. Ficaria Linn.— Lesser Celandine.

Ficarva verna Huds.—F. ranunculoides Roth.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIIT. TX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.
Shady places and damp pastures; common. 7. March-May.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Donegal
and to 2353 ft. in Kerry (Hart).
The variety uvcumpens of F. Schultz occurs not infrequently,
but seems hardly worthy of distinction.

CALTHA Linn.
1. C. palustris Linn.— Yarsh Uarigold.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Marshy places; pools and ditch banks; common, 7%. March-
June.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 700 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1400 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.); to 1500 ft. in the Galtees
(Hart),

Var, curranerrn (Boreau).—I. Stony shores of the Lower
Lake of Killarney: R. W. S. 2888.—1X. Glen Iff, north of Ben
Bulben (W. 7. Dyer): Ree. Add.

Vor, rrocompens Beck.—VII. Shores of Brittas lake, Knock
Drin, Westmeath : Linton 7896.

2, C, radicans Forster.— Creeping Marsh Marigold,
District — — — — — —~ — ~ ~ XY ~~ —
Lat. 543°. Co. Fermanagh only,

Lowland. Muddy lake-shores; very rare. FJ, May—June.
Caltha. | RANUNCULACEZ. 11

X. In tolerable plenty on soft mud on the east side of Devenish
Island, Lough Erne, near the ruins: Barrington 884.
In Mackay’s Flora Hibernica this plant is recorded as found
‘on the side of the Bann river, near Portadown; Mr. Templeton.”
In the absence of any recent ponmborstion of this, it seems best,
however, to base the title of the plant to a place in the Irish flora
solely on Mr. Barrington’s record. The Lough Erne plant has
been verified by such good authorities as Professor Babington,
Mr. J. G. Baker, and Rev. W. W. Newbould.

TROLLIUS Linn.

1, T. europeus Linn.— Globe Flower.

Districts — — — — — — — — ~— ~— XI, —
Lat. 54° 50’—55° 5’. Co. Donegal only. Type, Scottish.

_ Lowland. By lake-margins and river-banks; very rare. FT.
June—July.

XI. Convoy and Lough Gartan: Murphy 1829. Near Raphoe,
certainly wild (Murphy): Cyb. Plentiful on the banks of the river
Lennan, which runs out of Lough Gartan, and abundant all along
Lough Gartan, 1873: Very Rev. Dean Gwynn. Shore of Lough
Fern, and on an island in the lake; also along the river, thence to
Ballyarr: Hart 1880. In several places along the river Finn on
both banks; between Drumbo and Cloghann bridge: Hart 1885 y.

Recorded in Mackay’s Catalogue, 1825, as found in the ‘‘ North
of Ireland: Ur. Templeton.”

From near sea-level to about 250 ft. in Donegal (Hart).

AQUILEGIA Linn,
1. A. vulgaris Linn.— Columbine.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. — XI. XII,
Lat. 52°-54}°. South to North. Type, English-Intermediate.

Lowland. In copses, bees and ped pastures; rare. 7,
June. Caleicole B.

I. At Killarney, doubtfully pealteendue (Babington): Cyd.
‘Blackwater bridge, Kerry, sparingly; &.W. 8. 2889.—II. Furze
brake, Dunscombe’s Wood, Co. Cork: Drummond 18z9. Banks of
the Bride river, near Ovens, 1894; Phellips. On rocks near
Glanworth, naturalized (7. Chandlee): Cyb. Furze brake at
‘Little Island, 1895; Phellips. Frequent about Blenheim, near
Waterford: B.-H. § G. z889.—III. At Richmond, Glandine, near
12 RANUNCULACEA. [ Aquilegia.

Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden); and at Troy’s Wood, Kilkenny
(P. Duffy): Cyb. Garryhinch, by River Barrow: Hart. 1885.—
IV. By the Owenduff river, Wexford, far from houses, 1891;
G. B.-Hamilton-—V. Knockmaroon Hill, Dublin: Wade, Dubl.
Along the waterfall, Leixlip: Jr. Flor. 2833—still there in con-
siderable quantity in 1894; W.C. On a bog near Monasterevan ;
Praeger. Dollardstown bog, Kildare, a bog recently drained and
planted (J. Douglas): Cyd. Abundant in hedges, &€., on site
of this bog, 1889; 2.W.S. Mountain above Carlingford, Louth ;
Rev. C. H. Waddell—V1. On limestone crags between Ennis and
St. John’s Well (Rev. 7. Warren): Cyb. Near Kilmurvy, Aran-
more Island: Hart 2875. Frequent in rock clefts from Kilmurvy
to Bungowla, 1892; WV. C. Woods near Clontueskart in Galway :
KE’ Eogh. Among gorse, by the stream between Woodford and
Lough Derg (I. Dowd): Rec. Add. Eastern side of Lough Corrib ;
wild and plentiful (Prof. Melville): Cyb—VII. Plentiful over a
large field at Rutland, near Swinton, King’s Co. (Miss Farmer) :
Rec. Add, Coogan Point, Lough Ree: B.§ V. 2887. By Lough
Dereveragh, under Knock Body, Westmeath: Linton 1896. —
VIII. Abundant by a stream south of Thonabracky mountain, near
Galway, 1891; Dr. G. J. Allman.—IX. On limestone rocks and
pastures between Headford and Cong, in a truly wild state
(J. Shuttleworth) : Flor. Hib—XI. Limestone brakes between
Beleek and Brown Hall: Hart 1886.—XII. By the Shimna river,
near Newcastle: S.&P. 2892.

Undoubtedly introduced in most of its eastern stations, in many
of which it has become thoroughly naturalized ; apparently native
in the west.

ORDER II.—NYMPHHACEZ.

NUPHAR Smith.
1. N. luteum Smith.— Yellow Water-Lily.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.
Lakes, ditches, slow streams, and canals; frequent. Fl.June—July.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and in 8. Cork. To 700 ft. in Donegal
and to 800 ft. in Kerry (Hart).
More frequent in the east than in the west.

Vor. wtermeprom (Ledeb.)—VII. In Cromlyn Lake, West-
meath; More.
Nymphaea.) NYMPH HACE. 13

NYMPHAA Linn.
1. N. alba Linn.— White Water-Lily.
Hibernicé Ouleoguide baizige (Dhill-yo-gee — vaw-ttch-ce).
Drowned leaves.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIIL. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lakes, ditches, and slow streams; frequent. 7. June—July.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Donegal (Hart).

Rare in many parts of East Ireland. Though both water-lilies
occur in all the districts, they are rarely found growing together in
abundance, Vymphea apparently preferring a peaty bottom,

ORDER ITI.—PAPAVERACEZ.

PAPAVER Linn.
1. * P. somniferum Linn. Opium Poppy.

Districts I. I]. — — V. VI. — — — — XI. XII.

Waste places and sandy fields near the coast; frequent, but
seldom thoroughly established. Fl. July-August.

I. Field at Derrynane and waste ground at Killorglin and
Ardfert, Kerry: &. W. 8.1889. Cultivated ground at Kilkern,
near Rosscarbery, 1891 and—II. Eastferry, Cork, 1893; Phillips.
—V. In Barrens, near Warren House, Howth: Wade Dubl. 1794.
Waste places and cornfields about Warren House and between
Baldoyle and Sutton: Flor. Howth 7887. Established on sandhills
north and south of the Boyne mouth: Preger z897.—VI. Not
infrequent in cultivated fields about the Shannon estuary: Stewart
1890.—XI, Fields about Bundoran, apparently established: Hart
1885 y.—XII. Abundant in a field near Rostrevor: S. & P. 7895.

Perhaps entitled to a place in the Irish flora only on account of
its persistence for a century in the Howth locality.

2. P. Rheas Linn.—Corn Poppy.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VI. VIII. — X. — XI.
Lat. 514°-552°, South and East chiefly. Type, English-British.
Cornfields and waste places; locally abundant. 7. June—
August. Common in the east; rare in the west and north, but
rapidly spreading.
Sea-level to 900 ft, in Dublin (1,C.).
14 PAPAVERACEZ. [ Papaver.

8. P. dubium Linn.—Long Smooth-headed Poppy.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Cultivated land and waste places; frequent. Fi.
June-July.

Seldom occurs in such abundance as the preceding species.

The Irish plant is usually P. Lamotted of Boreau, but P. Lecogit
of Lamotte is not infrequent. It has been recorded from the
following counties—Dublin and Mayo (More), Galway (Prof.
Melville), Westmeath (Levinge), Kerry (R. W.8.), and Wexford
(C. B. Moffat), and seems to be the only variety which occurs itt
N.-E. Ireland: Flor. N.-£.

4, + P. Argemone Linn-—Prickly Long-headed Poppy.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX, X. — XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Sandy fields near the coast, also in gravel pits and
on railway tracks; rare, especially inland. #7. May—July.

J. Fields near the Magazine, Cork: Drummond, 1819. Corn-
field at the Island, Clonakilty, 1891; PAdldips—II. Railway
embankment at Midleton (Rev. T. Allin): Ree. Add—and in 1895 ;
Phillips. Little Island, Cork: Phillips 1895. Ardmore, Water-
ford (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb.—III. In Carlow (Carroll); Cyb.—
IV. Near Pilltown, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1889. Aughnaclappa,
Wexford: Moffat 1889. Murrough of Wicklow: Greenwood Pim.
Plentiful on the shores near Wicklow (More): Ree. Add.—V. Corn-
fields near Kilbarrick church: Mack. Cat. r825—and in 1895;
NV. C. Rush and Portmarnock: Jr. Flor. 188383—and in 18938 ; WV. C.
Sea-shore near Castlebellingham ; Cecil Butler. Between Laytown
and the Boyne mouth; Barrington—VI. Near Corofin, Clare;
Levinge. Gravel-pit south of Ahascragh, E. Galway: Praeger
1896.—VII. By shores of Lough Ree, and—IX. Railway at Kil-
toom, Roscommon; sparingly in both stations: B.g V. 1887.—
X. Gravel-pit at Lurgan, and by the railway N.-E. of Armagh
station: Praeger, 7893.—XII. Curran of Larne, also among corn
at Malone, 1823: Zempleton MS.—and in 1878 (Corry): Flor. N.-E.
Magilligan, Derry (Stewart) and near Lisburn, Antrim (Moore):
Cyb, Railway bank at Glynn, Antrim (Stewart); sand-pit near
Giant’s Ring, Down (C. Dickson): Flor. N.-E.

First found by Templeton in 1828, near Belfast.
Papaver.} PAPAVERACER, 15.

5. ¢ P. hybridum Linn.— Prickly Round-headed Poppy.

Districts I. TI. — IV. V. VI. VIL — — ~— — XI.
Lat. 513°-543°, From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. Cultivated sandy fields and gravelly places; rare.
Fi. June—July.

I. Blackrock, and—II. Little Island, Cork, sparingly, 1841:
Flor, Cork. Stili at Little Island: Phillips 1895.—IV. Fields
near Bray: Zempleton MS. At Kilcool, Wicklow (Z. Chandiee) :
Cyb. Murrough of Wicklow, near Killoughter ; Levinge.—V. Fields.
near Kilbarrick churchyard: Mack. Rar. Sutton and Howth: Flor.
Howth. Abundant in sandy fallows, Portrane, 1895; WV. C.
Skerries (More): Rec. Add.—VI. At Castle Taylor, Galway:
More 1855. Cornfields near Black Head, and sparingly near
Crusheen, Co. Clare: Corry 2880. In Co. Clare at Corofin (Levinge);
at Muckinish (P. B. O'Kelly); and at Murrough, 1895 (WV. C.).—
VII. Cornfield at Elfeet Bay, Lough Ree; B.¢ 7. 1887.—
XII. Sandy field a little below Hollywood, 1797: Templeton MS.
Coast beyond Groomsport, plentiful: Flor. Belf. 1863—still there
about 1888 : Flor. V.-#. Between Killough and Ardglass (Praeger) +
BN. F.C. Proc. 1892-93.

Much rarer than P. Argemone, and apparently more abundant
along the coast of county Dublin than elsewhere in Ireland.

First found by Templeton in 1797, at Hollywood, Co. Down.

MECONOPSIS Viguier.

1. M. cambrica Viguier.— Welsh Poppy.

Districts — II. III. IV. — VI. — VIII. IX. XK. — XIt.
Tat. 523°-552°. South to North. TZype, Atlantic-Intermediate.
Rocky places on mountains and byrivers; rare. #7. June-July.
II. On the Commeragh mountains, Waterford, found sparingly
by Mr. J. Poole (Z Carroll): Cyb. Rocks above Coumshingan
Lough, in the Commeraghs, 1893, and for several years previously ;.
Rev. W.W. Fleming. Glen above Stone Park, Galtee mountains:
Hart 188r.—IIl. By the Barrow, in Queen’s Co. (Moore): Cyb.
Glendine Gap, Slieve Bloom, Queen’s Co., 1897: Preger—IV. In
the Dargle, 1814: Zempleton MS.—and in 1884: Hart. In the
Devil’s Glen, Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.—still there in 1895;
R.W.S. Right bank of Glencree river below Knockree, 1884 ;
Hart.—VI. In the clefts of wet limestone rocks at Poulnagolm,
16 PAPAVERACEA. [ Meconopsis.

near Lisdoonvarna, Clare (Rev. Z, Warren): Cyb. Frequent
about Sixmile Bridge, Clare (C. B. Barrington): Hart 1881 y.—
VIII. On the hill above Clifden, Connemara: lor. Hib.
Muckanaght, Twelve Bens, Co. Galway: Hart 2883 4.—IX. Ben
Bulben, Sligo: Murphy 1829. On Legale, Sligo (Admiral Jones):
Cyb. Very sparingly on the north side of Ben Bulben, also on
King’s Mountain, Sligo: B.4 V. 1885.—X. Ballyskeagh Hill,
Tyrone (Dr. Sigerson): Rec. Add.—XII. Deep valleys in the
mountains above Rostrevor, Down, found by John White: Wade
Rar. r8og—still there in 1890: 8. §P. 7892. Rocks at Fair
_ Head, Antrim, before 1804 (Zempleton): Whitla MS., and in 1884
by Belfast Nat. Field Club. Ballycastle: lor. Ulst. Between
Garron Head and Glenariff (Moore): Cyd. Plentiful in Cusheniel
‘Glen, Garron Point (Praeger): Flor. N.-E. Magilligan Braes (Rev.
S.A. Brenan): 8. & P. 1895.
From 50 ft. in Antrim (Flor. W.-#.) to 1300 ft. in Down
(S. & P.), and to 1500 ft. in Galway (Hart).
First found by. Templeton before 1804, at Fair Head.

GLAUCIUM Haller.

1. G. flavum Crantz.— Horned Poppy.
G. luteum Scop.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. — — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-543°. Coasts of almost all Ireland. ype, English
British.

Sandy and shingly beaches; local. #7. June-August.

Locally abundant in Dublin and Wicklow; but rare in many of
the other maritime counties, and not hitherto recorded from Antrim,
Derry, Sligo, or Mayo.

CHELIDONIUM Linn.
1. *C. majus Linn.— Celandine.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat."513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.
On walls, in hedges, and in waste places, usually near dwellings
or ruins; frequent, but nowhere abundant. FT. May-July.
Undoubtedly introduced in all its stations, though in many of
them long established.
Corydalis. | FUMARIACEA, 17

ORDER IV.—FUMARIACEZ.

CORYDALIS DC.

1, C. claviculata DC.— White Climbing Fumitory.

Districts — II, — IV. Vi — — — ~ — XI, —
’ Lat. 52°-55, South to North. Type, British-Atlantic.

Lowland. Rocky and bushy places and on thatched roofs; very
rare. 7. May-July. Calcifuge A.

II, In the wood on the north side of the river, between
Cappoquin and Lismore: Smith's Waterford 1748. In Macallop
Glen, above the Blackwater, near Ballyduff, Waterford, 1877;
Moore——IV. Bray Head; wood at Luggielaw, brought by Dr.
‘Stokes and Mr. Underwood, July, 1802: Zempleton MS. South
side of Bray Head, 1884; V.C. Rocks west of Luggielaw Lake,
1894: Praeger 1897. Glen at Kilmartin, near Dunran, Wicklow;
More. Cromroe, Ashford, Wicklow; Greenwood Pim. Rocky
ground about Bellview, near Delgany, Wicklow: Jr. Flor. Near
Enniskerry (More) and at Powerscourt Waterfall (Moore): Cyb.
Rocks near Powerscourt Waterfall: Jr. Wat. 2897, p. 168.
Lugnaquilla, Wicklow, 1887; &. P. Vowell—V. Under hedges
above Dundrum, above the Little Dargle, car road to Kilmashogue :
Wade Rar. On thatched cabins between Ballinteer and the
Little Dargle: Mack. Cat. By-ways leading from Kilgobbin to
the Dublin mountains: Zr. Flor. Abundant on a granite talus and
amongst burnt gorse in the Dingle, Glenamuck, near Carrickmines,
Dublin, 1882-96; W.C. Abundant amongst gorse and rocks,
Killiney Hill (Dub. Nat. Field Club): Ir. Nat. r89g.—XI. Abun-
dant on banks by the roadside and on a thatched roof near Culmore
(W. E. Hart): Journ. of Bot. 1874.

Chiefly in the counties of Dublin and Wicklow, with two out-
lying stations in Waterford and Donegal.

First recorded in Smith’s Waterford 1746.

FUMARIA Linn,
1, F. pallidiflora Jord.—Ramping Fumitory.
F. capreolata Linn.
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°, Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, British.
Cultivated fields and waste and bushy places; wide-spread and

locally abundant, 27, May-September.
c
18 - FUMARIACEZ, [ Fumaria.

Frequent in districts I. V. VI. and XIL., in the counties of
Kerry, Clare, Galway, Dublin, Down, and Antrim, and rapidly
spreading through the country. ;

Sea-level in Antrim and 8. Cork. To 750 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

Var. soraxt (Jord.).—I. Killarney: Druce z897.—VI. and IX.
On both sides of. the Suck in Galway and Roscommon: Praeger
2896.—XII. At Giant’s Ring, Co. Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

F. confusa Jord.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland, probably.

Cultivated land in light soils; frequent. £7. May—September.

Seems to be less rare than F. pallidiflora; but the two plants
have not been sufficiently distinguished by many observers. Gathered
in Co. Dublin by J. Ball so early as 1837: Herb. Babington.

Sea-level to 950 ft. in Dublin (2V.C.).

F, muralis Sonder.
Districts I. — TI. — V. — VII. — IX. KX. — XII
Lat. 514°-55}°. From South to North.

Borders of fields and in waste places; rare. 7. June—Sep-
tember.

I. Potato field, Inisherkin, Cork, 1896; Phellips—III. Mary-
borough esker: Praeger 1897.—V. Cultivated ground on Howth
Head, Co. Dublin, 1895; N.C. Oldcastle and Trim, Co. Meath
and—VII. Common about Edenderry: Praeger r897IX. On the
banks of the Suck, Roscommon: Praeger 1896.—X. Gravel pit near
Armagh: Praeger 1893.— XII. Rathlin island: Stewart 884.
At Malone, Antrim (Corry): Flor. N.-E. Saintfield, Co. Down
(Rev. C. H. Waddell): Wats, B. Ex. C. Rep. 1894.

- 2. F. densiflora DC.—Dense-flowered Fumitory.

F. micrantha Lagasca.
Districts — — — —~ YY —~ ~ ~~ xX ~~ _
Lat. 533°-542°, Counties of Armagh and Dublin only.

Cultivated fields; rate. 7. May—September.

V. Portmarnock, 1890: Druce r89z. Field at Finglas Quarry,
Co. Dublin: WV. C. 7895.—X. Gravel pit near Armagh: Praeger 1893.

It is impossible to decide whether this plant and the preceding
(F. muralis) are to be regarded as mere casuals in Ireland, or as
plants widely spread and hitherto undistinguished from other
species or sub-species of Fumaria.
Fumaria. | FUMARIACEA. 19

38. F. officinalis Linn.— Common Fumitory.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated fields and waste places; frequent. 7. June—
September.

Sea-level in Donegal and Cork. To 600 ft. in Dublin (.C.).

ORDER V.—CRUCIFERZ.

MATHIOLA R.Br.
1. M. sinuata R. Br.—Sea Stock.

Districts I. — — IV. — VI. — — — ~—~ ~ ~—
Lat. 523°-534°. West and South-east coasts. Zype, Atlantic.

Sandy sea-shores; very rare.. 77. June-August.

I. Near Beal Castle, towards the Shannon mouth: Smiths
Kerry ; not seen recently.—IV. On steep declivities by the sea at
Ballyconigar, Co. Wexford, plentiful (John Morrison): Carroll
854. Still at Ballyconigar and northward along. the coast at
Tinnyberna and at Kilmuckridge: Hart 788ra.—VI. On a small
island called Straw Island, near the South Isles of Aran, Oct., 1805:
Mack. Rar. Straw Island in 1835 (&. Ball); in 1838 (Herd. J.
Reilly), and in 1894, leaves only (P. B. O'Kelly). ‘‘ This fine,
scarce plant was found at high-watermark about the sand-hills of
Dough, Co. Clare, but sparingly, flowering the latter end of
August”?: Wade Rar. z804. The sand-hills, here referred to by
Wade, are probably those of Lahinch at the mouth of the Ennis-
tymon River. The plant has not since been reported as found
there or elsewhere in Co. Clare.

A decreasing species in Ireland, like Crambe maritima, Mertensia
maritima, and other maritime plants.

First recorded by Wade in 1804.

CHEIRANTHUS Linn.
1. *C. Cheiri Linn.— Wallflower.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. — VII. — — — XI. XII
Old walls and ruins, and on calcareous rocks. 27. May-June.
II. Covering the rocks at Myrtle Hill, Cork (Carroll): Cyb.

Still plentiful in this station in 1896; Phillips.—V. Long

established on the old castle of Dunsoghly, Co. Dublin, 1894; V.¢.—
c2
20 CRUCIFERA. [ Chetranthus.

VII. Old Toll-gate, Athlone: B.§ VY. 2887.—XI. Well estab-
lished on Doagh Castle, Co. Donegal: Hart 1880.—XII. Carrick-
fergus Castle: Zempleton MS.—Naturalized on ancient buildings
at Quoile Castle, Carrickfergus Castle, and Larne: S.§ P. 1895.

Well established in these, and in similar stations in many parts of
Ireland, but in all of them a relic of ancient cultivation.

NASTURTIUM R.Br.
1. N. officinale R. Br.— Water Cress.

ibernicé biolap (Billar).
Districts I. II. ILI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIIL. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-554°. ‘Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Ditches, streams, and ponds, in shallow water; common. 7.
June-August.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 850 ft. in Donegal
(Hart) ; to 1000 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).

2. N. sylvestre, R. Br.—Narrow-podded Marsh Cress.
Districts — ID. I. — Ve — — — — X% — —
Lat. 52°-544°. South of Ireland chiefly. Z'ype, English.

Lowland. Banks of rivers; rare. J. June-August.

II. West bank of the Blackwater, five miles below Lismore,
Waterford (Carroll): Cyd. Banks of the Blackwater a little above
Lismore bridge; &. P. Vowell. Plentiful at Lismore, both above
and below the bridge, 1870 and 1896; F. £. Currey. By the
Blackwater near Fermoy: Hart 18858. River side near Clonmel,
Tipperary (Iss S. Grubb): Cyb—and in 1897; BR. P. Vowell.—
III. Along the Nore below Mountrath, Queen’s Co., and about five
miles below Ballyragget, Kilkenny: Hart 78858. By the Barrow
below Monasterevan, Queen’s Co.; at Ballytegelea bridge, Co.
Kilkenny ; and—V. Between Old Fort bridge and Cloney bridge,
above Athy, Kildare: Hart 1§85.—X. Banks of Lough Erne (Dr,
Scott): Mack. Rar. Belleisle, Upper Lough Erne; immature, but
probably this species: Barrington 1884.

3. N. palustre DC.—Broad-podded Marsh Cress.

NV. terrestre R. Br.— Roripa palustris Bess.
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. From South to North. ype, British-English.

Lowland. Marshes and watery places; rather rare. F7. June—
August.
Nasturtium. ] CRUCIFERA. 21

I. Ross Island, Killarney (Hart): Rec, Add. On both sides of
Ross Bay, Killarney, and at Blennerville, Tralee: KH. W. 8. 1888.
By the Lee: Flor. Cork—and still there, 1892; R. W. 8. By the
river Bride at Ovens, 1894, and in the Lough of Cork, 1896 ;
Phallips.—II. In the Blackwater near Lismore: Smith's Waterford.
By the Suir above Golden, Tipperary: Hart 1885 a. Near Fermoy,
by the Blackwater, &c. (Z. Chandlee): Cyb. Buttevant and Kan-~
turk, North Cork (Rev. T. Allin): Rec. Add. Dodges Glen, 1894,
and at Cloyne and Midleton, 1895; Phéllips—III. Near Fenagh,
Carlow (2. Clayton Browne): Rec. Add. Bennett’s bridge by the
Nore: Hart 1885 8.—IV. Frequent about Enniscorthy (J. Morri-
son): Rec. Add. By the Pill, Alderton, Wexford; Miss L. S.
Glascott—vV. By the river at Ballitore and near Moone, Kildare
(Carroll): Cyb. Tenure Bog; along the river side, Co. Louth: Jr.
Flor, Curragha Bog: Wade Rar. Balrothery; Bog of the Ring
and Lusk, Co. Dublin: W. C. 1893. Railway at Blackrock, Co.
Dublin, 1892; R. W.S—VI. Near Galway; Levinge. Garryland,
near Gort (More): Cyd. Aranmore Island and Inishmaan, Galway
Bay: Hart 1875.—VII. Near Lough Iron, Westmeath (Miss EF.
Reynell) : Cyb. Shores of Lough Ennel: Levinge r89g.—VIII. By
the Moy near Foxford (More): Cyb. South of Lough Mask in
Galway: IM. & 8. 1896.—IX. Mount Talbot, Roscommon ; Levinge.
Lough Allen, rare: Stewart 1885.—X. Shores of Lough Neagh
at Maghery, Armagh: lor. Uist. Shores of Lough Erne: Herd,
Mack. Devenish Island, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884. Canal
side near Tyhallen Glebe, Monaghan (Miss Waffet): Cyb—
XII. Frequent in Down, Antrim, and Derry: Flor. N.-£.

4. N. amphibium R. Br.— Water Radish.

Armoracia amphibia Koch.—Roripa amphibia Bess.
Districts — II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°. From South to North. Zype, English.

Lowland. Watery places, rivers, &c. 7. June-August.

II. Fermoy, but rare (Z. Chandlee): Cyb. By the Suir, about
Thurles: Hart 18850. Left bank of the Blackwater, about three
miles above Mallow and—III. By the Erkina river between Durrow
and the Nore: Hart 18855. By the Barrow, near Carlow and
Goresbridge: Hart 1885.—IV. Ditches in the Murrough of Wick-
low (Moore): Cyb—V. East bank of river Boyne, opposite Old
Bridge: Threlkeld. River Boyne, below’ Navan, 1892; &. W.8.
By the Barrow, above Athy: Hart 1885.—VI. Abundantly by the
22 CRUCIFER. [ Nasturtium.

Fergus, at Ennis: Stewart 1890. In the Shannon canal at Killaloe,
1896: W. C. 1897.—VII. Shannon Harbour, 1841: Babington im
Herb. Frequent in drains all round Lough Ree: B. & V. 1887.
River Barrow, about two miles west of Monasterevan : Hart 1885.
VIL. Recorded for this District in Ist Ed. Cybele, but no locality
available—IX. Near Hollymount, Mayo: More 1860. Lough
Ree: B. § V. 2887. Lough Allen: Stewart 1885.—X. Banks of
Lough Erne (Dr. Scott): Mack. Cat. Common by Lough Erne:
Barrington 1884.—XI. In the Erne river above Ballyshannon, in
several places: Hart 1885 y.—XII. Frequent in Down, Antrim,
and Derry: For. N.-E.

BARBAREA R. Br.
1. B. vulgaris R. Br.— Bitter Winter Cress.

Districts I. Il. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Hedge banks, roadsides, and waste places; frequent. 27. May—
July.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in 8. Cork. To 750 ft. in Dublin
(&. C.).

Var. ancuata (Reichb.).—I. Killarney: Druce r89z.—V. Near
Coolock, Co. Dublin; WV. C—VI. Near Castle Taylor, Galway:
More 1855.—IX. Hollymount, Mayo; More. Rockingham, Ros-
common; Moore—X. Near Loughgall, Armagh: More r86o—and
in 1892: Praeger 1893.—XI. By the river Erne: Hart 1886.

B. intermedia Boreau.

Districts — — — — — —~ — — — X. — XIL
Lat. 54°-55°, North-east only, in Armagh, Antrim, Down, and
Derry.

Lowland. Cultivated fields, sandy banks, and waste ground ;
frequent. FJ. May—July.

X. Abundant in cultivated fields near Tartaraghan, Armagh,
1854: More 2860. Not uncommon in Co, Armagh, especially in
the north, as at Lurgan, Portadown, and Armagh: Praeger 1893.
XII. Fields near Ballymena abont 1836: Cyd. Cave Hill and
near Lisburn: Flor. Belf. Templepatrick and abundant about
Glenavy, Antrim; Banbridge, Downpatrick, and many other places
in Co. Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Kilrea, Co. Derry ; (rs.
Leebody) 8. & P. 2895.
Barbarea. | CRUCIFER 2A. 23

2. * B. preecox R. Br.—Larly Winter Cress.

Districts I. II. — — [V.] — — — ~ ~— — {XIT.]

‘Waysides, waste places, &c.; rare, and fully established only
around Cork. %. April—October.

I. Near Kenmare: &.W.8.1890. Passage and many places
about Cork: Flor. Cork. At Ovens, 1892; at Carrigrohane, 1896
and near Baltimore, 1897; Phellips—II. Common about Cork
(Carroll): Cyb. At Whitegate and Dunkettle, 1896; at Rivers-
town, Castletownroche and Dodges Glen, 1897; Phillips. Road-
side near Ardmore, Waterford (J. Sulliwan): Cyb.—[V. Established
on a garden wall at Lucan, 1867-72; More—xXII. Cultivated
ground at Struell Wells near Downpatrick, Down.(Praeger): B. NV.
FC. Proc. 1892-93 |.

ARABIS Linn.
1. A. petreea Lamk.— Mountain Cress.

Districts — II — — — — — — TX — — —
Lat. 523°-543°. Leitrim and Tipperary only. Type, Highland.

Alpine rocks; very rare. FJ. July-August.

II. Bparinsly on cliffs about half a mile west of Lough Curra
on the Galtee mountains: Hart 788r.—IX. On Glenade mountain,
adjoining Ben Bulben in Co. Leitrim (John Wynne): Cyb.—on the
same mountain, about fifty plants: B.g V. 7885.

At 1830 ft. on Glenade (B&V.); at 2650 ft. on the Galles
(Hart).

First found by John Wynne about 1837, on Glenade mountain.

2. A. hirsuta Scop.— Hairy Rock Cress.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII,
Lat. 512°-554°, Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, British.
Calcareous and basaltic rocks, and on sandhills and walls ; local.
Fl. June-July. Caleicole C.
Sea-level in Derry and in Kerry. To 1250 ft. in Derry (Moore) ;
to 1400 ft. in Leitrim (. C.); to 1200 ft. in Mayo (Hart). i
An abundant species in the limestone districts of Clare, Galway,
Sligo, and Leitrim, and frequent on sandhills; but rare in many
counties.
. Var, ctaprata Syme.— I. In several localities in Kerry ;
R.W.S.—XI. In sandy ae at Rossgull, Donegal; Miss A. @.
Kinahan.
24 CRUCIFERZ. [Arabis.

A, ciliata BR. Br.

Pate Le eS es Se ee , ee
Lat. 513°-534°. West Ireland only.

Sandhills and pastures by the sea; very rare. Fi. July-August.

I. On a sand-bank near the western point of the barony of
Bere and on sand-banks near Derrynane, Kerry (Drummond) + Cyb.
Sandy banks at Trabeg near Dingle: Hart 1884.—VI. In the
Great Island of Aran in Galway Bay (Moore): Cyd. Between
Ballyvaughan and Black Head, Co. Clare (2. P. Murray) : Journ.
of Bot. 7887.—VIII. In a sandy pasture field by the sea-side near
the house of Anthony O'Flaherty, Esq., at Rinville, Connemara,
Oct. 1805: Mack. Rar. (under the name Turritis glabra which is
changed to Arabis ciliata in Mack. Cat.). At Roundstone, Connemara
(Babington): Cyb. Dogs bay near Roundstone : Linton 1896.

First found by Mackay, at Renvyle, in 1805.

This plant seems very doubtfully entitled to sub-specific rank,

CARDAMINE Linn.

1. C. amara} Linn.— Common Bitter Cress.

Districts — — — — — — — — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 543°-55°, North Ireland only. Zype, British-Germanic.

Lowland. Marshy places, wet meadows, and by streams; very
rare. Fi. May-June.

X. Derryloan graveyard near Cookstown: Flor. Ulst. By
Derrygorry brook, Favour Royal, Tyrone: Hart 1887.—XI. In a
drain leading to the Deele river near Ballindrait; Hart. —
XII. Wet meadows near Toombridge and by the side of the
Moyola river near Castle Dawson (Moore): Flor. Hib. Banks of
the Lagan near Belfast: Flor. Ulst. By the Lagan Canal and
abundant in a marshy wood by Lough Neagh, south of Antrim
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Belvoir Park, sparingly (7. H. Corry) and
marsh at Ballyalloley near Comber (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Abun-
dant on the Co. Down side of the Lagan at Glenmore, near Lisburn
(J. H. Davies): Stewart 1894.

First found in Ireland by David Moore about 1835.

2. C. pratensis Linn.—Lady’s Smock.

Districts I. II, TI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XT.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Damp meadows and marshy places; common. 7. April-May.
Cardamine. | CRUCIFERA. 25

Sea-level in N, Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2150 ft, in Donegal
(Hart); to 2800 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.); to 2940 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).

8. C. hirsuta Linn.— Hairy Bitter Cress.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat, 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Waste ground, walls and rocks, in open situations; common.
Fl, March—June.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry and
to 2100 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 2600 ft. in Kerry (WV. C.).

C. flexuosa With.

C. sylvatica Link.
Districts I. I. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland.

Woods and moist, shady places; frequent. V7. May-June.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and Kerry. To 1000 ft. in Dublin
(NW. C.).

Less common than C. hirsuta, but, no doubt, occurs in all the
Trish counties.

DRABA Linn.
1. D. incana Linn.—TZwisted-podded Whitlow-grass.
Districts I. — — — — — — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.

Lat. 52°-553. West and North. Type, Highland. )

Mountain rocks and on sand-hills by the sea; rare. F?, June-
July.

I. Cliffs near the summit of Magillicuddy’s Reeks, Kerry, 1805:
Mack. Rar. Cilifis north of Lough Gooagh, Carrantuohil, Reeks:
Hart 1882.—VIII. In great luxuriance on the southern shores of
Lough Mask (F. J. Foot): Rec. Add.—IX. On Ben Bulben and
other mountains near Sligo, 1806: Mack. Rar. Glenade, Leitrim
(Admiral Jones): Cyb. Abundant on limestone cliffs on Kesh
Corran, Sligo, nine miles north-west of Boyle (Ff. J. Foot): Cyd,
Common all over the cliffs in Ben Bulben district: B.g V. 1885.
On sand-hills near Ben Bulben (Moore): Cyb. On Knocknarea and
Carrowkee Hill, Sligo, 1897; Praeger.—XI. Sandy gronnd by the
sea between Buncrana and Fahan, Inishowen: Hart 7883. Sand-
hills north-west from Ardara: Hart 1886. Sand-hills near
Meevagh, Mulroy Bay ; Miss Kinahan.—XII. On the sandy flat. of
26 CRUCIFERZ. (Draba.

Magilligan and on the adjoining mountain, Benevenagh (Moore) :
Flor. Hib. Sparingly on the higher part of the cliffs, Benevenagh,
1893: Shoolbred 1894. Magilligan sand-hills, 1890 (Urs. Leebody) :
Stewart 1894. Sand-hills a mile north-east of Magilligan railway
station, 1894 (Praeger): 8. § P. 1895. ;
Sea-level in Derry, Donegal and Sligo. To 1150 ft. in Derry
(Hart) ; to 1950 ft. in Sligo (B. § V.); to 2550 ft. in Kerry (Hart).
First found by Mackay, on the Reeks, in 1805.
_ Var. coxrusa (Ehrh.).—IX. On Annacoona in the Ben Bulben
District: B. §V. 2885. It was probably this plant or some dwarf or
immature form of D.*ncana which was erroneously recorded from
Ben Bulben as Draba rupestris (see Appendix).

EROPHILA DC. |
1. E. vulgaris DC.— Common Whitlow-grass.

Draba verna Linn.
Districts I. IL. Ill. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.

Lat. 52°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Walls, rocks, and sandy and gravelly places ; frequent and
locally abundant. F/. February—June.

Abundant on the limestone in the Burren district of Clare and
on sandhills near the sea; but uncommon in many parts of the
country.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Kerry. To 1200 ft. in Down
(S. & P.).

COCHLEARIA Linn.
1. C. officinalis Linn.—Scurvy-grass.

Hibernicé biolap tpaga (Billar traw-hé).—Strand Water Cress.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XID
Lat. 513°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

On rocks and in muddy places near the sea; common. J,
March-June.

Vor, awvina (H. C. Wats.)—I. Brandon mountain, Kerry
(Moore) and top of Hungry Hill, Cork (Drummond): Cyd. Carran-
tuohil: Hart. 7882. Caher mountain in the Reeks and mountains
north-east of Lough Currane; VV. C. Slieve Mish, Kerry: Hart
7884. On the Galtee mountains (Moore): Cyb.—VIII. Summit of
Ben Lettery, Galway ; Stewart—IX. Frequent on cliffs at a high
Cochlearia. | CRUCIFERZ. 27

level in Ben Bulben district: B. & V. r885.—XI. Poisoned Glen :
Hart 1879.—XII. On Ben Evenagh, Derry (Moore): Cyb.

To 800 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1900 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B. §V.); to 3100 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

C. danica Linn.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 514°-55}2°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

On rocks, walls, banks and roofs, near the sea; locally abun
dant. Fl. April-June.

I. On headlands near Dingle, plentiful (Rev. W. Ul. Hind):
Phytol. 1857, p.97. Near Cahirciveen, Kerry, sparingly ; R.W.S8.
On Cape Clear; the island of Inishircan and other places: Smth’s
Cork, At Baltimore, 1896; Phallips—tII. On rocks and walls
near Midleton, &c., and along the coast in abundance: Flor. Cork.
Dunmore East, Waterford: B.-H. & G. 2889.—IV. Bray Head
(More): Cyb.—still there in 1896; R. W.S. West of Hook Head
and near Churchtown, Wexford: Hart 1883; B.—V. West Pier,
Kingstown ; Greenwood Pim. At intervals along the railway from
Merrion to Kingstown and wall at Howth Harbour; &.W.S.—
VI. On a ruin near Kilmurvy, Aranmore (Hart): Rec. Add. On
the walls of Dun Connor, Inishmaan, Aran Islands, 1892; 4. C.—
VIII. On roofs at Galway (Moore): Cyb. Inishbofin : More 1876.—
IX. Sligo Bay: Jor. Ulst.—X. Estuary of the Newry river,
Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. Ballyboyle Point, near Donegal, on
shingle: Hart 1885.—XII. Skerries; Portrush; Downhill, Co. Derry,
1835: Moore MS. Giant’s Causeway, 1852: Babington in Herb.
Plentiful from Warrenpoint to Greencastle and at Annalong, Down:
S.§ P. 1892. Ardglass, Down: Hind 1854. Larne and Glenarm :
Flor. Ulst. Portstewart (Mrs. Leebody): 8. & P. 1895.

Var. erentanvrca (Linn.)—XI. On several of the headlands of
Rossgull, Donegal (Hart): Journ. of Bot., 1896, B. 399+

2. C. anglica Linn.— English Scurvy-grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV.§ — — — — — xX. — XII.
Lat. 514°-55°. South and North. Zype, English.

Muddy estuaries; rare. 7. May-June.

I. Riverside below Cork: Drummond 1819. Abundant at
Rochestown, Cork, and banks of the Ilen river, Skibbereen, 1896 ;
Phillips—I1. At Killacloyne and Rossmore near Midleton: or.
Cork, Rossmore; Cork Beg; Glanmire and Tivoli, 1896; Phelps.
28 CRUCIFER. [ Cochlearia.

Abundant about Blenheim and shore opposite Waterford city : B.-H.
& G. 1889.—III. A few plants by the mill at Snowhill, Kilkenny,
river Suir: B.-H. & G. 1890.—IV. In a salt-marsh near Ferry-
carrick Bridge, on the estuary of the Slaney (J. Morrison): Ree. °
Add. Near the New Bridge, Kilmanock; near Alderton; near
Killowen and Fisherstown, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1889. Abundant
in Wexford Harbour, 1897 (Var. Horté’); Rev. EB. S. Marshall.—
X. Abundant along the shores of the Foyle from a little above
Dunnalong, as far as Strabane, Tyrone (Miss If. C. Knowles): Ir.
Nat. 1897—XII. By the Foyle at New Buildings, Derry, 1895:
Mrs. Leebody in Herb.

SISYMBRIUM Linn.

1. S. Thalianum J. Gay.—Thale Cress.

Arabis Thaliana Linn.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIIT. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Dry banks, rocks, and walls, also in cultivated land ;
local and rather rare. 7. April-August.

I. At Killarney in several places, and about Dingle, Kerry ;
&. W.S. Near Skibbereen, 1897; Phellips—II. Derry; Rosscar-
bery, and at Leap: -Allin’s Cork. Old walls, Friar’s Walk, Cork,
(Drummond): Flor. Hib. By the river Funcheon, Cork, 1896, and
near Golden, Tipperary; 2. W.S.—III. Leighlin Bridge, Carlow
and Mountrath, Queen’s Co.; Praeger—IV. Bray Head, and
abundant near the Manure Works, Wicklow; R.W.S. Fassaroe,
Wicklow, 1893; W.C—V. Old walls near Stepaside, between
Dundrum and the Scalp: Mack. Cat. Walls near Kiltiernan, Co.
Dublin, 1891; R. P. Yowell, Plentiful on the south side of
Howth: Moore § More 1878. About Drumleck, Howth: Flor.
Howth—VI1. Aranmore Island; P. B. O'Kelly. Abundant in
limestone rocks and in cultivated ground around Ballyvaughan,
1895; WV. C—VII. and VIII. Recorded for these Districts in 1st
Ed. Cybele but no localities available.—X. Ardmore, Armagh (Rev.
H. W. Lett) and on railway ballast near Portadown: Praeger
7893.—XI. Walls at Pennyburn near Derry (W. E. Hart): Hart
1885 y-—XII. On the Deer Park wall and rocks below the Cave
Hill: Zempleton MS. Cave Hill and other stations in Antrim
(Stewart): Flor, N.-E. Near Derry City (Mrs. Leebody) and
Magilligan and Castlerock (Praeger): S. § P. 1895.

Ascends to 1000 ft. in Antrim (Flor. N.-#.).
Stsymbrium. | CRUCIFERA, 29

2. 8. officinale Scop.— Hedge Mustard.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Waste places, banks, and roadsides; common. Jv. May-
September,

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in 8. Cork. To 900 ft. in Dublin
(XN. C.).

Seems to be rarer in the West than in the East.

8. $8. Sophia Linn.—Fiiz-weed.
Districts — IL — IV. V. — — — — — — XI
Lat. 523°-542°. East Ireland only. Tye, British-English.

Lowland. Sandy cultivated fields and in waste places and on
roofs by the sea; rare. 7. June-August.

II. Roadside between New Geneva and Passage (Dr. Barker) :
Templeton MS. Passage, Waterford (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb.—
IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyd.—V. Upon some of the
low thatched cabins at the end of New-street, near Black Pits,
Dublin City: Threlkeld. About Portmarnock: Jr. Flor. 1833—
and in 1894; V.C. At Howth village; on Ireland’s Eye, and
abundant between Sutton and Baldoyle: Flor. Howth. Sand-hills
by the creek at Donabate and on the south shore of the estuary
below Drogheda (More): Rec. Add. Abundant in sandy fields
south of Portrane peninsula opposite Malahide, also at Rogerstown
and Rush and on walls and thatched roofs in Rush village, 1893;
NV. C—XII. Near Carrickfergus, 1812 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.
At Magheramorne (Stewart): Flor. N.-£.

Perhaps fully established only in Co. Dublin.

4, ¢8. Irio Linn.—London Rocket.

Districts — — — — —
Lat. 5384°-534°, County of Dublin only. Zype, English-local.

Lowland. Waste places, roadsides and on walls; very local.
Fl. May-July.

V. Common about Dublin: Templeton US. Beside walls going
to Glasnevin: Jr. Flor. Roadsides south of Rathfarnham; Clon-
skeagh and Milltown (More): sec. Add. By the railway at
Sydney Parade, 1867 (W. G@. Smith): Herb. Glasnevin. Railway
at Lansdowne-road, 1875; Greenwood Pim. Abundant along the
railway line from Merrion to Lansdowne-road, 1894; V.C. Afew
plants at Claremont, Howth: Flor. Howth. Kimmage-road and

YS SS ee S=
30 CRUCIFER A. [Stsymbriwm.

South Circular-road, Dublin, 1892; More. By the Dodder river at
Rathgar and roadside near Kingsbridge; R.W.S. A few plants at
Swords and at Kingstown, 1893; WV. C.

Apparently decreasing about Dublin.

The record in Threlkeld’s Synops’s, 1727, under Eruca sylvestris
vulgatior: ‘It grows upon walls, as between Dolphin’s Barn and
Cork Bridge” (Dublin) should perhaps be referred to this species,
though the synonym is for Diplotaxis tenuifolia.

5. §. Alliaria Scop.—Jack by the Hedge.

Alliaria officinalis Andrz.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL — IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland probably. Type, British-
English.

_ Lowland. Hedgerows and shady places; local. 27. May—June.

Calcicole C.

I. Ballycarthy and Ballyseedy near Tralee and several places
about Killarney: BR. W.S. z889.—II. Wood at Blarney: Drum-
mond z8r9o. By the Suir at Knocklofty above Clonmel: Hart
1885 a.—III. By the Slaney near Ballintemple, Carlow: Hart
188ra.—lV. Near Powerscourt, &c.: Moore & More 1878.—
VY. Abundant in many parts of the county of Dublin, especially
around Knockmaroon and Woodlands, 1894; VV. C—VI. Inishmaan,
Aran Islands: Hart 1875. A little south of the old lighthouse
and in the rectory grounds at Kilronan, Aranmore Island (Prof.
Fitzgerald): Praeger 1895.—VII. Common round Lough Ree;
R. P. Vowell. Knock Drin and Shore of Lough Derevaragh:
Levinge 1894.—IX. Foot of cliffs in Glencar, Sligo: B. §&V. 1885.
—X. Woods at Castle Hume, Lough Erne: Barrington 7884.
Benburb, Co. Tyrone; Mrs. Leebody.—XI. By the Erne at Cliff,
Beleek; very rare in Donegal; Hart—XII. Frequent in north-
east Ireland, in Derry, Antrim, and Down: Flor. W.-E.

Appears to be rare in the western and midland counties.

SUBULARIA Linn.
1. 8. aquatica Linn. Awl-wort.
Districts I. — — — — VI. — VIII. — [X.] XI. XI.
Lat. 52°-543°, West Ireland chiefly. Type, Highland-Scottish.
Shallow lake-margins, chiefly in mountain districts; rare. FV.
July-August.
I. In small lakes at the Gap of Dunloe: Mack. Rar. Coom
Subularia. | CRUCIFERZ. 31

Castle, near Waterville, 1845 (W..H. Harvey): Herb. 7.0.D.
Lough Calee and Lough Acoose, Magillicuddy’s Reeks: Hart r882..
Ardagh Pond and several localities in the Killarney Lakes: 2.W. 8S.
z888. Lough Camclaun, Connor Hill: &.W.S. z89z. In Gougane
Barra lake, Cork (Prof. Harvey): Cyb.—VI. Between Milltown
and Kilkee, Co. Clare (Moore): Cyb.—VIII. In several small
lakes near Ballynahinch, Connemara, 1805: Mack. Rar. Abun-
dant in Ballynahinch and Derryclare lakes: Hart 18830. Glenda-
lough lake: Jr. Nat. 1895. In a lake on Mweelrea mountain,
Mayo: Flor. Hib.—and (same station) Lough Lugaloughaun :
Hart 1883.0. In Lough Coolin, near Clonbur: Uf. g 8. 1896.—
{X. In Lough Neagh, Co. Armagh (Moore): Cyb.—perhaps extinct
now. |—XI. Lough-a-Caraban, a little north-west of the Gap of
Barnesmore: Murphy 1829.—XII. Growing under water in sandy
soil in the Irish lake, Lough Neagh .. . near Moyra (Dr. Sherard):
Ray Synop. r696—still there in 1886 ; Colby 1837. Plentiful
along the shores of Lough Neagh between the Lagan canal and
Portmore; at Selshan and near the Creagh bog (Moore): Cyb.
West side of Lough Beg, between Coney Island and Church Island,
1870 (Stewart): Rec. Add. The latter station appears to be the
only one where the plant now survives in District XIT., the lower-
ing of the level of Lough Neagh by drainage in 1855 having almost
extinguished the species, once so abundant all round its shores.

To 1200 ft. in Mayo and 1250 ft. in Kerry (Hart). Descends.
to about 50 ft. in Derry and in Kerry.

First discovered by Dr. Sherard in. Lough Neagh in 1691: not
previously observed in the British Isles.
‘From a letter preserved at Oxford-it appears that Sherard
was at Moyra in 1691, and in Plukenet’s Phytographia, Tab.
claxaviti. 1692, the plant is figured, from an Irish specimen,
with the note: d D. Sherard Inventore ex Hibernia in Angliam
nuperrime nobis transmaissa est.

BRASSICA Linn.
1. B. nigra Koch.—Black Mustard.
Sinapis nigra Linn.— Brassica sinaptoides Roth.
Districts I, Il. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. — — XI. XIT..
Lat. 514°-54°. South and South-east chiefly. Zype, English.
Lowland. Banks {by the sea and in cultivated land and waste:
places; rare. 77. June-August.
32 CRUCIFER 2. [ Brassica,

J. Abundant near Fenit, Tralee; at Ardfert and Ballyheigue :
R.W.S. 1889. At Waterville, &e., Kerry; 2.W.S, Fields
near the Botanic Garden, Cork: Drummond 1819. At Kinsale
(Allin); by the len, Skibbereen, and freely near Bantry ( Carroll) :
‘Allin’s Cork, Crookhaven, 1896; Ph«llips—II. East Ferry ;
Ballycotton: -Allin’s Cork, Abundant near Queenstown and
appears indigenous (Carroll): Cyb. Abundant at Eastferry,
Queenstown and Haulbowline, 1896; Phillips—IV. Frequent in
waste ground about Enniscorthy (J. Morrison): Rec. Add. Banks
py the sea between Rosslare and Greenore, Wexford: Hart 1883 B.
—_V. Portmarnock sands and fields near Chapelizod: Mack. Cat.
About Rush, Skerries, Swords, &c., in corn and potato fields: Zr.
Flor. Near the wind mill, Skerries, 1895; W.C. Near the sea
at Dunany, Louth: Butler 1890—VI. About Killeany, Aran
Islands (Hart): Rec. Add. Gleninagh, Clare (Miss Knowles) :
P.& 0. 1895.—VIII. Inishbofin: More 1876.—XI. By the shore
between Kellymard rectory and the Hall, Mount Charles, very
rare: Hart 1885 y.—XII. Cultivated fields on the Curran of Larne
(Moore): Rec. Add. Near Belfast and common about Carrick-
fergus, 1808: Templeton MS. Not now found in these stations
and perhaps a mere casual in this district: Flor. V.-E.

Perhaps native in the South and South-east, but only a casual
north of latitude 54°.

2. B. Sinapis Visiani.— Charlock.

Hibernicé Prarpeaé burde (Prash-ack-bwee).
Sinapis arvensis Linn.— Brassica Sinapistrum Boiss.
Districts I. IJ. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. XK. XI. XIL
Lat. 51$°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated ground and waste places; common. /7. May-
August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in 8. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Dublin
(NV. C.).

3. B. alba Boiss.— White Mustard.
Sinapis alba Linn,
Districts I. JI. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-543°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British-
English,

Lowland. Cultivated fields; local and rather rare. F7. June—
August,

I. In several places about Tralee; R.W. 8. z890. In Co. Cork,
Brassica. | CRUCIFER A. 33

at Baltimore, 1896 (Phillips) and at Crosshaven (2. W. 8.).—
I. Near Glanworth, Kilcrumper, and Fermoy, rare (Z. Chandlee) :
Cyb.—III. Near Carlow (J. Morrison): Ree. Add. Near Mary-
borough (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1893.—IV. Near Cheek Point and
Wexford: B.-H. §& G. 1889. Near Bray, &c., in Wicklow (Moore) :
.Cyb.—V. Skerries; Kiltiernan, &c., frequent in county Dublin ;
N.C. Ballitore, Kildare, frequent (Carroll): Cyb.—VI. Near
Castle Taylor, Galway: More 1855. Axanmore Island, at Killeany
(Hart): Rec. Add. At Kilronan ; Portmurvy ; and Seven Churches,
Aranmore: Praeger 1895. Abundant in cultivation at Murrough
and Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1895; WV. C.— VII. Near Athlone:
B.&V. 1887.—VIII. Inishbofin : More 1876.—IX. Near Foxford,
Mayo (More): Cyb. Frequent in Ben Bulben district: B.& VP.
1885. Abundant in corn fields, Inishmurray, Sligo (Praeger):
Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 177.—XI. Potato field by the Finn river near
Glenmore: Hart 1885 y.—XII. Very common on the lands of
Myroe, near Magilligan (W. Tennant): Templeton MUS. Abundant
in many fields about Killowen near Rostrevor, apparently well
naturalized: S.§ P. 2892.

DIPLOTAXIS DC.
1, {D. muralis DC.— Wall Mustard.
Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — — IX. X — ~—

Lat. 513°-543°. East and South. Zype, English.

Lowland. On sandy banks, on railway ballast, and in gravelly
places; rare. #7, May—August.

I. Sparingly, about a mile south of Clonakilty, 1896; &.W. S.—
IL. Lower Glanmire-road, Cork, previous to 1833 (Mr. Alewander)—
‘on the railway in same locality : Phillips 1895. Ardmore, Water-
ford, on the cliffs and sand (J. Cooke): Cyb. Near Holy Cross,
Tipperary; 2. P. Vowell—IV. Railway track near Wicklow, 1890;
Levinge.-—V. On sandy ditches at Portmarnock, 1837 (J. Johnstone) :
Mackay 1859. Sandy banks at Baldoyle, plentiful (Moore): Cyé.
Portmarnock; Baldoyle and Howth: Moore § More 72878. All
along the railway track, at intervals, from Dublin to Balbriggan,
and from Dublin to Howth, 1894; WV.C. Gravel pit by the rail-
way at Skerries (Dr. M‘Weeney): Praeger 1893. Abundant on
the railway between Dunleer and Castle Bellingham, Louth, 1895 ;
NV. C.—VI. On the railway track and adjoining walls east of
-Galway terminus, 1896, and—IX. On a wall near Sligo harbour,

D
34 CRUCIFERA. [Deplotaats.

1896; WV. O.—X. On railway ballast at Wellington Cutting near
Newry, Armagh, introduced with ballast from Skerries: Praeger

1893. .
First found by J. Johnstone, at Portmarnock, Co. Dublin, in

1887.
Var, Bastneronnt Syme.—V. Near Sutton, Co. Dublin, 1891; .
Levinge.
CAPSELLA Medik.
1. C. Bursa-pastoris Mcench.—Shepherd’s Purse.

Districts I. II. INI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55$°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Waste places, walls, and cultivated ground; very common.
Fi. Throughout the year in open winters.

Sea-level in N. Derry and S. Cork. To 1250 ft. in Dublin (1. C.).

SENEBIERA DC.
1. {8. didyma Persoon.—Lesser Swine’s Cress.

S. pinnatifida DC.—Coronopus didymus Smith.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. — — — XII.
Lat. 514°-554°, South and West, chiefly. Type, Atlantic-English.

Lowland. Roadsides and waste places, chiefly near the coast;
local, #1. July-September.

I. At Dingle, Kerry (More): Rec. Add. Blennerville, Tralee :
Hart 1884. Dereen; Derrynane; Tarbert, &c., Kerry: &.W.S8.
1888, §¢. Roadside near Clark’s Bridge, Cork (Mr. William Hinks) :
Drummond 1819. Skibbereen ; Baltimore ; Cape Clear ; and Crook-
haven; Phsllips—II. Near the mill at Fermoy (7. Chandlee) ;
Tramore, Waterford (Carroll): Cyb. Frequent on the Waterford
coast, as at Annestown; Ballyvoyle Head, &c.: Hart 2883 B.
Plentiful near Clonmel (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb.—and in 1882: Hart
7885. Fethard, Tipperary; R. W.S.—III. At Kilmacow, Kil-
kenny (7. Chandlee) and at Carlow (J. Douglas): Rec. Add.
—IV. Fethard ; Churchtown; and Duncannon on Wexford coast:
Hart 1883 B. Fisherstown, Wexford: B—H. & WM. 18920. Wick-
low, near the harbour, 1890; £&. Bayly—V. Abundant by road-
sides, Ball’s Bridge and Sandymount, crea 1865; John Bain. By
the Dodder above Donnybrook, 1894; Praeger—VI. At Castle
Taylor and Kinvarra, Galway, and at Corofin and Miltown-Malbay,
Clare: More 2855Ԥ 1860. Abundant on roadsides west of Foynes :
Senebiera. | CRUCIFERA. 35

Stewart 1890. Abundant round Ballyvaughan, 1895; W. C.
Abundant at Gort (If Dowd): Rec. Add. About the town of
Galway (Prof. Melville): Cyb. On Claddagh pier, 1892; R. Bayly.
On all three islands of Aran: Wowers §& Wells 1892.—VII. By the
old castle at Dromineer, Lough Derg, Tipperary, 1896; WV. C.
—VIII. Inishbofin: More 1876. At the ferry, Achil Sound:
Hart 1883. Newport, Co. Mayo; Miss UM. F. Jackson.—
XII. Introduced with ballast near Larne, 1865 (Stewart): Cyb.
Killough, Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell); Giant’s Causeway (Diss
Knowles); Portstewart (Mrs. Leebody): 8. & P. 1895.

Appears to be rapidly spreading round the Irish coasts.

First recorded by Drummond, from Cork, in 1819,

2. tS. Coronopus Poiret.—Swine’s Cress.

Coronopus Ruellit All.—C. procumbens Gilib.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English.

Lowland. Waste ground and roadsides, especially near the
sea; rather local. 7. June-September.

A rare species in inland stations.

LEPIDIUM Linn.
1. tL. latifolium Linn.—Déttander.

Districts I. 1. — — — ~—~ — — ~—~ — — —
Lat. 513°-52°. South of Ireland. Cork only. Type, English.

Lowland. Salt marshes, stony beaches and damp places near
the sea; very rare. £7. July-September.

I. Near the head of Kenmare River: Smith's Kerry 1750—not
since recorded from Kerry. Abundant near Kinsale (Prof. £.
Murphy): Cyb. World’s End, Kinsale (Alin) and near the old
fort there (R. Z. Allman): Allin’s Cork. Near Kinsale, 1892;
Phillips.—II. Corkbeg, on the east side of Cork harbour: Smiths
Cork 1750—still abundant there in 1896; Phelps. Spreading
along a causeway between Oorkbeg and the mainland, 1895:
Phillips 1895. Spike Island: Flor. Cork. In the parish of
Kinsalebeg near the east side of Youghal Harbour: Smeth’s
Waterford 1746.

Perhaps a relic of ancient cultivation.

D2
36 CRUCIFERA. [ Lepidium.

2. tL. campestre R. Br— Common Pepperwort.

Districts I. ID. I — [V.] — — — — X. — XIL
Lat. 52°-542°, South, East, and North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Cultivated fields and waysides; rare. 7. June-
August.

I. Old walls and dry fields near the Botanic Garden, Cork:
Drummond ' r8rg—not seen recently in Co. Cork.—II. Near
Youghal: Flor. Cork. Near Clonmel (Afiss S. Grubb): Cyd.
—III. Near ‘‘The Rocks,” Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden); one
mile west of Carlow (J. Sim): Cyb—{V. Banks of the canal near
Blanchardstown, Dublin (Mr. Johnston): Cyb. Foot of Mount
Oriel near Collon; at Belpatrick; Summer Hill; and Mullaghconlon,
Co. Louth: Jr. Flor. Near Clogher Head, Louth: Ball 1839 ].—
X. Loughall and Tartaraghan, Armagh: fore zS60. Roadside
near Lurgan, Armagh (Stewart) and Tannaghmore, Lurgan:
Praeger 1893.—XII. At Largy on shore of Lough Neagh (If.
Whitla): Flor, Ulst. Near Lough Neagh from Antrim to Glenavy
river (Moore): Cyb. Roadside Glenavy and sandy waste at foot of
Glenavy river (Stewart): Flor.N.-E. Ram’s Island, Lough Neagh
(Rev. H. W. Lett): 8.§ P. 1895. Sparingly in fields at Killowen,
Co. Down: S. &. P. 1892.

Not reported from District V. for nearly thirty years, and the
Irish Flora localities should, perhaps, be referred to Z. hirtwm.

3. L. hirtum Smith.—Smooth-podded Pepperwort.
L. Smithii Hooker.
Districts I. Il. ITI. IV. V. — — — ~— X. XI. XI.
Lat. 515°-553°. From South to North. ype, British-English.

Dry banks, roadsides, and borders of fields; rather rare. FT.
June-August. Caleifuge B.

I. Not rare in Kerry; 2.W.8. Common in South Cork and—
Ii. In North Cork: Adhin’s Cork. Ballyvoyle Head, Waterford:
Hart 1883 8. — III. Kilmacow, Kilkenny (7, Chandlee): Cyb.
Near Tullow, Co. Carlow: Hart 1886. Ferrybank, Kilkenny :
M. & 8. 1896.—IV. Frequent in Wicklow near Arklow, and at
Gorey, Wexford (More): Rec. Add. Frequent throughout Co.
Wexford: B.-H.§ MU. 1892.—V. At Ballitore, Kildare (Carroll) :
Cyb. Sparingly at Mullaghcreelan Hill, Kildare (J. Douglas) :
ec, Add. Frequent in Co. Dublin, 1895; W. C.—X, Frequent in
the granitic and Silurian areas of (Qo. Armagh: Praeger 1893.—
XI. Roadside near Manorvaughan, Mulroy; extremely rare: Hart
Lepidium. | CRUCIFERA. 387,

z880.— XII. Near Ballymena, Antrim, and near Coleraine and by

the river Roe, in Derry (Moore): Cyd. Kilrea and Garvagh, Derry

(Mrs. Leebody) : 8. § P. 1895. Common in Co. Down: Flor. N.-E.
Sea-level in Derry and in 8. Cork. To 900 ft. in Dublin (¥.C.).
Apparently absent from the midland and western counties.

THLASPI Linn.
1. T. arvense Linn.—Penny Cress.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. — — — X. — XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. Type, British.

Lowland. Cultivated fields and by roadsides, usually in light
soils; rather rare and uncertain in its appearances. 7. May-
August.

I. Ardagh near Roscarbery: or. Cork.—II. Rubbish heap
by the Lee, Cork City (R.W.8.): Ir. Nat. 1895. A garden weed
near Fota, Cork; Philips. Plentifully in the fields near Cappo-
quin: Smith's Waterford. — III. Side of the road between Bally-
bracken and Kilkenny: Mack. Rar. Near Freshford, Kilkenny
(Rev. S. Madden); Clonmore Castle, Carlow (7. Chandlee): Cyb.—
IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Frequent near New
Ross, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1889.—V. Near Navan and Nurney,
Meath: Annot. in Threlkeld. Bray and elsewhere: Wade Dubl.
Cornfield near Clogher Head, Louth: Ball 7839. Howth, 1866
and 1881-82: Flor. Howth—and in 1896; Miss S. Colgan. In
Co. Dublin, sparingly at Bohernabreena, 1893, and abundant in a
sandy field at Rush, 1894: WW. C. 2895.—VI. Great Island of
Aran, Galway Bay (Prof. Melville): Cyb.—in same island, east of
Portmurvy : Praeger 12895. At Askeaton, Limerick: Stewart
z890.—X. At Loughgall: More 7860. Roadside between Portadown
and Tartaraghan Church, Armagh: Praeger 1893.— XII. Corn-
fields at Dundrum; among oats near Newcastle, 1799, also among
stones at Donaghadee Pier: Zempleton MS. Abundant in fields at
Killowen, Down: S.§P. 2892. Railway bank south of Antrim
(D. Redmond); Cushendun (Rev. S.A. Brenan): Flor, N.-E.
Magilligan: Murphy 1829. Umbra Rocks (Moore): Cyd.

TEESDALIA R. Brown.

1. + T. nudicaulis R. Br.—Naked-stemmed Teesdalia.
District — — — — — — ~ -—- -—~ X% -— —
Lat. 543°. Co. Tyrone only. Zyye, British-English.

Lowland. Sandy lake shores; very rare. #7. May-June.
38 CRUCIFER. [ Zeesdalea.

X. Abundant on the sandy shore of Lough Neagh at Washing
Bay, Co. Tyrone, June, 1896 (Mrs. Leebody): Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 212.

Open to some suspicion of being introduced in its only recorded
station for Ireland. Further examination of the imperfectly ex-
plored western shores of Lough Neagh may be expected to extend
the range of this species, and it seems entitled, at least, provisionally,
to a place in the Irish flora.

CRAMBE Linn.

1. C. maritima Linn.—Sca Kale.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — — — — XI. XI
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. Zype, English.

Sandy and stony sea-shores; very rare. J. June.

I. On the shores of Cloghnakilty Bay and other places on the
sea coast: Smith's Cork. On the strand near Bantry (Drummond)
and by Douglas Channel near Lakelands, 1840 (Dr. Power): Flor.
Cork.—1I. A few plants by the Lee between Tivoli and Dunkettle,
Cork: Phillips 1895. By the shore at Harpur’s Island near
Queenstown Junction, 1897, probably introduced; Philleps.—
TV. On the Murrough of Wicklow: Annot. in Threlkeld. A few
plants at the Breaches, Kilcool, Wicklow, 1868-72 (Hart): Ree.
Add.—not seen there since the latter date-—V. ‘‘ Upon the sea beach
near Dunlary”: Threlkeld r727. ‘‘It is found on our shore and is
in request as a kale”: Rutty’s Dublin r772. On sandy shores at
Merrion, Dunleary, and near Warren House on the road to Howth:
Wade Dubl. 1794. Railway bank near Killiney (Barrington): Ree.
Add. Sea coast between Malahide and Baldoyle: Mack. Cat. 1825.
South side of Howth: Jr. Flor. 1833. Sea shore at Sutton;
Levinge. Sparingly on Ireland’s Eye, 1894 (Praeger): Ir. Nat.
z895.—VI. ‘On the shore [Aran Isles] grows ... sea-cabbage,”
circa 1684: O Flaherty’s Iar Connaught. Isles of Aran, Galway Bay
(Prof. Melwille): Cyb. Near Kilronan, Aranmore Island: art
1875. In the greatest abundance on the beach below the Seven
Churches, Aranmore: Praeger 1895. Shingly beach, Murrough
near Black Head, Clare, one plant only, 1895; W.C—XI. On
Tory Island, Donegal (Hyndman): Flor. Uist—not found there
recently. At Norway point in the parish of Clonmany, Donegal,
1839: Herb. C. Moore—XII. Gravelly shore between Quentin
Castle and Knockinelder in the Ards, Co. Down (Rev. J. O? Laverty);
about 13 plants found flowering there in 1876 (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
Crambe. | CRUCIFERA. 39

A decreasing species throughout Ireland, now extinct in many
of the localities given by the earlier botanists, and perhaps an
outcast from cultivation in some of its recently recorded stations.

CAKILE.

1. C. maritima Scop.—Sea Rocket.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

‘Sandy sea shores; frequent and locally abundant. #7. June-
July.

RAPHANUS Linn.
1. R. Raphanistrum Linn.— Wild Radish.

Raphanistrum innocuum Med.
Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 512°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated fields, chiefly in sandy or peaty soils: frequent. F%.
June-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Kerry. To 950 ft. in Dublin
(WV. C.).

Though widely distributed, by no means a common species in
many parts of the country.

2. R. maritimus Smith.—Sea Radish.

Raphanistrum maritimum Reichb.
Districts I. If. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XIL
Lat. 514°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, Atlantic.

Sea-cliffs and sandy shores; rare. 7. June-September.

I. At Ballybunnion, Kerry: Stewart 7890. Several places near
Derrynane and north of Castlegregory, Kerry: R. W.S. 1890, Se.
Shore of Castle Island, Schull Bay: Adlin’s Cork.—II. Steep lime-
stone cliffs between Kilfarassy Island and Annestown, and between
Stradbally and Ballyvoyle Head, Waterford: Hart 1883 B.—
IV. Ballyconigar, Wexford (J. Morrison): Ree. Add. Coast
below Lady’s Island and between that and Tacumsin, Wexford :
Hart 1883 8.—V. Banks of the sea under Mr. Hennington’s at
Howth: Ir. Flor. Near Sutton and Ceanchor: Flor. Howth.
Frequent along the Dublin Coast from Portmarnock to Rogerstown,
1894; WV. C.—VI. Aranmore Island, Galway Bay (Moore): Cyb.
On Aranmore Island and also on Inishmaan: Hart 1875.—VIII. At
40 CRUCIFERA. [ Raphanus.

Roundstone, Connemara: Oliver 1857. Jnishbofin and Macdara
and Mason Islands, Galway; More——IX. Near the coast between
Sligo and Ballina: Baill 1839.—XI. At Inishowen Head and east
of Dunaff: Hart 1883——XII. At the Curran of Larne, 1808 :
Templeton MS. Rathlin Island, 1850 (Miss Gage)—in great
abundance there in 1852: Stewart 288g. Shore near Ballywalter
(J. H. Davies) and plentiful from Killough to St. John’s Point,
Down (Stewart): Stewart 1894.

 

ORDER VI.—RESEDACEZ.

RESEDA Linn.
1. +R. lutea Linn.— Wild Mignonette.
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. — — — [X&.] [XI] XI.

Lat. 52°-552°. South and East, chiefly. Type, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Sandy fields and gravelly waste places; rare. 7.
June—August.

I. Kenmare: Druce z89r.—II. By the Bride above Castle-
lyons, Cork, 1842; above the bridge at Dungarvan, Waterford,
1840: Flor. Cork. In a gravel pit near Midleton, 1895; Phdllips.
Fairy Hill, Waterford (Miss A. Taylor): Cyb.—III. In Queen’s
County, by the Barrow below Athy; R.W.S.—IV. On a headland
near Tinnyberna, Wexford: Hart z88ra. On the Murrough near
Wicklow ; Zevinge.—V. About Knockmaroon Hills, 1814: Zemple-
ton MS.—and in 1895; WV. C. In sandy fields at Sandymount :
Wade Dubl. Abundantin the sandy fields about Rush: Jr. Flor.—
still abundant there in 1895; WV. C. Sand-hills at Portrane, 1862
(Moore): Herb. Glasnevin— abundant there in 1895; W.C.
Sparingly on the shore at Castlebellingham, Louth; Cecil Butler.—
VI. South-east of Killeany, Aranmore Island (Hart): Rec. Add.
Kilmurvy, Aranmore, 1891; P. B. O’ Kelly—[X. Railway Station,
Cavan; Levinge—XI. A single plant at Greencastle, Lough Foyle
(W. E. Hart): Hart 1883.}—XII. Banks of the river at Bally-
castle: Flor, Uist. Ballyligg quarries, near Larne, Antrim (Stewart) :
Cyb. Ballast heaps and quarry spoil-bank at Magheramorne
(Stewart); sand-hills at Portrush (Praeger): Flor. N.-E. Oer-
tainly naturalized at Ballycastle and probably at Magheramorne:
S.¢P. 1895.

Perhaps fully naturalized only in Districts V. and XII.
Reseda. | RESEDACEZ. 4t

2. R. Luteola Linn.— Weld; Yellow Weed.

Mibernicé buide mop (Bwee more)—Great Yellow [ Plant’.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIU.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.

: Banks and waste places; frequent. 7. June-August. Calei-
cole B.

Sea-level to 1000 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

Formerly much cultivated as a dye-stuff in Co. Dublin and.
elsewhere in Ireland.

ORDER VII.—CISTINEZ.
HELIANTHEMUM Haller.
1. H. guttatum Mill Spotted Rock-rose.

Districts I. — — — — — ~— VIL —~ — — =
Lat. 513°-533. West Ireland: Mayo and Cork. Type, Local--
; Atlantic.

Lowland. Banks by the sea; very rare. 7. June-August.

I. At Three Castle Head, Carberry (Miss H. Townsend): Flor.
Cork. Rather plentiful in this locality, extending over several

acres to the S.-W. of the Castle ruins (7. Chandlee): Cyb. Still at
Three Castle Head, 1896; Phillipys—VIII. Abundant on Inish-:
bofin (W. Maonillon): More 1873—and in 1897; Barrington.

Vor. Brewzrt Planch.—I. At Three Castle Head, South Cork,
1896; Pholljps—VIII. Plentiful on Inishbofin and Inishark : More
1876.

Typical HZ. guttatum, though it occurs in the Channel Islands,
in the British Isles, proper, appears to be confined to Ireland.

First found in Ireland, by Miss Townsend, before 1848.

2. H. vineale Pers.—Hoary Rock-rose.

Hi. canum (Dun.) Cyb—H. marifolium (Mill) var. vineale (Pers.)
Lond. Cat. oth Ed.

Districts — — — — — VI. — VOL — — — as
Lat. 53°-532°. Clare, Aran Isles and Galway. Type, Intermediate-
Atlantic.

Lowland. On limestone rocks; very rare. F/. May—July.
VI. Plentiful in the South Isles of Aran: Mack. Rar. (as Cistus
Helianthemum). Abundant on the north-east side of Aranmore
42 CISTINEZ. [ Helianthemum,

Island from near Kilronan to Bungowla; absent from Inishmaan
and Inisheer (W.C.): Ir. Nat. 1893. In that part of Burren
which directly faces the Aran Isles, 1851: O’ Mahony 1860. At
Glanquin in Burren, Clare (Rev. 7. Warren): Cyb.—and in 1879:
Corry 1880. Plentiful on the coast north-east of Poulsallagh,
Clare: Foot 1864. Still near Poulsallagh and also at Black Head,
Clare, 1892: Levinge 1892. Sparingly near Muckinish, Bally-
vaughan, Clare, 1895; P. B. O’Kelly—VIII. Sparingly on a lime-
stone bank half a mile west of Salthill, Galway, 1893; F X.
Boyd.

ORDER VIII.—VIOLACEZ.
VIOLA Linn.
1. V. palustris Linn. —Marsh Violet.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VILL. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Bogs and marshes, chiefly in mountain districts; frequent. FV.
April-June. Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2800 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.); to 2550 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).

2. + V. odorata Linn.— Sweet Violet.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. — — X. — XI.
Lat. 513°-55°. From South to North. Zype, English.

Lowland. Woods, hedges, and roadsides; rare and a doubtful
native. 7. March—April.

I. An escape in Kerry, as in the Green, Tralee; woods at
Hillville; Fermoyle, &.; &. W.S. Near Cahirmore, Rosscarbery
and—II. Near Midleton; Garrycloyne, &c.: Allin’s Cork. At
Castletownsend, 1897; Phillips. Plentiful along roadsides near
Tallow, Waterford; 2. P. Yowell. Along the Cork road about a mile
from Clogheen, Tipperary (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb.—I1I. Abundant
along roadsides in Co. Carlow, and in various parts of the Queen’s
Co. between Mountmellick and Carlow, apparently indigenous
(J. Morrison); on old hedge-banks for several miles along the road
between Castlecomer and Athy (2. Mallet): Cyb—IV. Ballycarney
and by the 'Slaney, &c., in Wexford (Miss #. Ul. Farmer): Ree.
Add. Roadsides near Newtownbarry, Wexford, with both white
and blue flowers (J. Morrison): Cyb.—vV. Frequent in Co. Dublin,
Viola. | VIOLACEZ. 43

but nowhere abundant or indigenous; W.C. Near Athy, Kildare,
possibly native (Carroll): Cyb. Common on hedge-banks about
Kilkea, Kildare, with both white and blue flowers (J. Douglas) :
Rec. Add. Abundant and apparently native in south-west
Kildare, 1890; 2. W.S.—VI. Plentiful on gravelly ground by
roadsides between Sixmilebridge and Newcastle, Co. Clare:
Stewart, 1890.—VII. Wood near the old mill, Knock Drin, West-
meath, well established: Levinge 1894. Roadside banks near
Dromineer, Tipperary, 1896; WV. C—X. Grange; Loughgall;
Tyross Hill, &c., Armagh (Rev. W. F. Johnston): Praeger 1893.—
XII. Not uncommon in Antrim, Down, and Derry, but doubtfully
native: For, N.-E.

8. V. hirta Linn.— Hairy Violet.

Districts — — — IV. V. VIE — — — ~—~ ~ ~
Lat. 523°-533°. Middle Ireland. Type, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Sandy pastures, banks, and bushy places; rare. F2.
April-May. Calctcole C.

IV. On dry, gravelly banks a mile below Clohamon, Wexford,
on the left bank of the Slaney: Hart 188ra.—V. In hilly and
bushy pastures in a sandy soil near the shore at Raheny: Wade
Dubl. In the Phenix Park ; on Knockmaroon Hill on the road to
Lucan, 1799; among the sand-hills at Baldoyle: Zempleton US.
Still abundant at the Baldoyle (Portmarnock) sand-hills, 1895;
NV. 0. East side of Howth: Ir. Flor. 1833, and Flor. Howth 1887.
On the Cosh, Sutton, 1873; Greenwood Pim. Sand-hills at
Portrane opposite Malahide (More): Rec. Add. Abundant in many
parts of the Portrane peninsula, 1894-95; W.C. VI. On the
largest South island of Aran [Aranmore | in the crevices of limestone
rocks: Mack. Rar. 1806. Abundant in Aranmore island and in
Inisheer, 1892; W.C. Plentiful on limestone rocks at Askeaton,
and in quarries south-east of Foynes, Co. Limerick: Stewart 890.

4. V. Riviniana Reichb.— Wood Violet.

V. sylvatica Fries, in part.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI,
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZyye, British.
Hedge-banks, woods, and mountain pastures; common. 7.
April-May.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Donegal, to
2796 ft. in Down, and to 3200 ft. in Kerry (Hart).
44 VIOLACEA. [ Viola.

V. Reichenbachiana Boreau.

V. sylvestris Reich.—V. sylvatica Fries, in part.
Districts I. — — IV. V. VI. VIL VII. — — — XII.
Lat. 52°-543°. From South to North.

Lowland. Woods and hedge-banks; frequent. #7. March—
April.

I. Not infrequent in Kerry; 2.W.S.—IV. At Powerscourt,
Wicklow (More): Cyb. Nuke wood near Ballyhack, Wexford :
B.-H. & M. 1892. — V. Green Hills, Crumlin; at Knocksedan ;
Shankill, &c.; not infrequent in Co. Dublin; WV. C.—VI. At
Castle Taylor, Galway; More——VII. Knock Ross by Lough Dere-
varagh, Westmeath: Linton 7896.—VII1. Ashford House demesne
near Cong: Ig 8. 1896.— XII. In Antrim, by the shore of
Lough Neagh at Selshan, also in Colin glen, but not common in the
county (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Very often confounded with V. Riviniana, and will no doubt be
found to occur throughout Ireland.

5. V. canina Linn. Dog Violet.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British. ;

Lowland. Sandhills and sandy pastures by the sea, also inland
on gravelly lake shores; rather rare. FJ. April-June.

I. By the Lower Lake, Killarney; R.W.S.—II. Near St.
Ann’s, Blarney (2. Mills): Rec. Add.—IV. On the Murrough of
Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.—V. Sandhills at Portmarnock and Port-
rane (Moore § More): Cyb. Abundant on the sandhills at Rush
and Portrane, 1894; WV. C_—VI. By the lake at Garryland, Galway
(More): Cyb—VII. Boggy ground by the Shannon near Clonmac-
noise, King’s Oo.: B.& V. 7887—VIII. Shores of Loughs Cullin
and Conn, Mayo, and—IX. Shores of Lough Carra, Mayo (More) :
Cyb.—X. Devenish Island and elsewhere about Lough Erne,
frequent: Barrington 1884. Shores of, and islets in, Lough Neagh,
Co. Armagh (More): Cyb.— XI. By the Termon river above
Pettigo : Hart 7886.—XII. Sandhills at N ewcastle and Ballykinler,
Down; shore of Lough Neagh at Shane’s Castle and Selshan,
Antrim (Stewart); Portrush sandhills and sandy shore at Cushen-
dall, Antrim (Praeger): Flor. N.-E.
Viola. | VIOLACEA. 45

6. V. stagnina Kit.—Pale Dog- Violet.

V. persicefolia Roth.
Districts — — — — — VDA —- —- —- — — >
Lat. 58°-53}° Clare and Galway only. Type, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Damp, stony places and boggy pasture land over-
flowed in winter; very rare. J7. May-June.

VI. By the lake in Garryland wood near Gort, Co. Galway, and
on the borders of several of the ‘‘turloughs’?! in that vicinity,
June 1857: More 1855 & Cyb. Still at Garryland in 1896;
Miss M. F. Jackson. Turlough and Newtown Gort, 1894 (P. B.
O'Kelly): Wats, B. Ex. C. Rep. 7895. On a turlough near Athenry
called Finnerty Moyode, 1889; Mrs. Uf. #. Joyce. At Turlough and
Lough Callagh near it, in the parish of Oughtmama, Co. Clare,
1895; P. B. O’ Kelly.

First found in Ireland by A. G. More, at Garryland, in 1851.

7. V. tricolor Linn.— Wild Pansy.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. — VIL — — X. — XT,
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. Type, British.
' Cultivated ground; rather rare. 7. May—September.

I. Ballineen; Togher and Castletownsend: -Allin’s Cork.—
AI. Field near Blarney: Flor. Cork.—IV. Abundantly in a bog at
Killoughrum, Wexford: Moffat 1889.—V. At Clonsilla and oc-
¢asional in Co. Dublin, 1895; W.C—VII. Lisclogher bog-road
(Miss Levinge): Levinge 1894.—X. Roadside banks near Lough
Neagh, Armagh: More 1860. Gubbaroe point, Kesh, Lough Erne:
Barrington 1884.—XII. Common in north-east Ireland: Flor.
N.-£.

To 950 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.), but usually lowland.

No doubt occurs throughout Ireland, but is often confounded with
the following sub-species.

V. arvensis Murr.

Districts I. II. TEI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lit. 51°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated fields in light soils, also in gravelly places; rather
common. /%. May—September.

Sea-level to 950 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

 

1 The name ‘‘turlough’’ is applied in the limestone districts of Galway
and Clare to hollows which become flooded by underground channels after
heavy rains.
46 VIOLACEZ. [ Viola.

V. Curtistt Forst.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XL XI.
Lat. 514°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, Atlantic.

Sand-hills and sandy pastures by the sea; rather common. 1.
May-—September.

Also occurs inland, but rarely, on gravelly or sandy lake-shores,
as at Lough Erne, Lough Neagh, and Castlewellan Lake (Barrington
1884 and Flor. NV.-E.).

8. V. lutea Huds.— Mountain Pansy.
Districts I. — — IV. V. VI. — — — [KX] — —
Lat. 53°-54°. South and Middle Ireland. Type, Scottish.

Upland pastures; very rare. 7. June-July.

I. Mountains near Castletown (J. Drummond): Flor. Cork.
Mountain passes near Bantry, 1852 (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor.
Cork.—IV. On the banks of the King’s River near Lackan,
Wicklow (H. W.D. Dunlop): Ree. Add.—V. On the Hill of Lyons,
Dublin (Moore): Cyb. Heath near Ballinascorney, Co. Dublin:
Corry 1882. Near Brittas, 1880 (C. Dickson). Near Brittas,
1895, and near the top of Lugmore, Co. Dublin, 1896; W. C.
Dry, grassy top of Dunmurry Hill, Co. Kildare, 1877: Butler 2890.
—VI. On the ascent towards the cliffs of Moher and on the sand-
hills of Lahinch and Miltown-Malbay (in the latter stations coming
near V. Curtis, but with the stipules of V. lutea): More r860—
and in 1892; H. C. Levinge—[X. In the mountainous country
around Bealeyborough (Bailieborough, Cavan): Annot. in Threlkeld
—not found there recently ].

Sea-level to about 700 ft. in Clare (More). To 1000 ft. in
Dublin (NV. C.).

ORDER IX.—POLYGALEZ.
POLYGALA Linn.

1. P. vulgaris Linn.— Witk-wort.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X, XI. XI
Lat 573°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Pastures, gravelly and stony places and on sand-hills; frequent.
Fl, May—August.

Vor. cranvirtora Bab.—IX. Cliffs in Glencar and elsewhere in
the Ben Bulben district: B. § V. 1885.—XII. On the basaltic cliffs
of Ben Evenagh, Derry (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
Polygata.] POLYGALEZ. 47

Var. oxxrrera (Reichb.) is reported from the counties of Antrim,
Down, Dublin, Wicklow, Wexford, Kerry, and Galway, and
probably occurs on sand-hills all round the coast.

Sea-level in Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1200 ft. (GRANDIFLORA)
on Ben Bulben (B. § V7).

P. serpyllacea Weihe.

P. depressa Wend.
Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIQ..
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland.

Heaths, bogs, and mountain pastures; frequent. 77. May-
August. Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in Donegal and §. Cork. To about 2000 ft. in Done-
gal (For. Ulst.); to 2050 in Wicklow (WV. C.); to 2800 ft. in Kerry
(Druce 1892).

ORDER X.—CARYOPHYLLEZ.
SAPONARIA Linn.

1. *§. officinalis Linn.— Soap-wort.

Districts J. TI. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. — X. XI. XID
Lat. 574°-552°. From South to North. Zype, English.

Lowland. Banks, hedges, riversides, and waste places, usually
near houses and always a relic of cultivation; not infrequent. F7,.
August-September.

Well established in many parts of the country, as in Co. Dublin
along the River Dodder and in its neighbourhood, where it has.
maintained itself for 150 years, and in Co. Wicklow along the
Dargle and Enniskerry rivers.

SILENE Linn.

1. 8. Cucubalus Wibel.— Bladder Campion.

S. inflata Smith.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XT,
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated fields, hedge-banks, and roadsides, chiefly near the
sea; frequent. #7. June-August.

Sea-level to 900 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

In Co. Cork, Mr. R. A. Phillips informs us the Var. pusERuLa
Syme is almost as common as the type.
A8 CARYOPHYLLEA. [ Silene.

2, S. maritima With Sea Campion.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII
Lat. 514°-554°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Shingly and rocky sea-shores; common, frequent also on moun-
tains near the sea. £7. June-August.

Occurs abundantly, inland, on Ross Island, Killarney Lakes, at
about 70 ft. above sea-level.

To 1500 ft. in Donegal, and to 2250 ft. in Galway (Hart).

3. +S. anglica Linn.—Znglish Catch-fly.

Districts I. IT, III. IV. V. — — VIIL — X. XI. XI.
Lat. 51$°-553°. South to North. Zype, English.

Lowland. Cultivated fields, mostly in sandy soil; rare. FU.
June—September.

I. On the east side of the estuary at Trabeg, Dingle: Hart 2884.
Sparingly near Killorglin and Rossbehy, Kerry: 2.W.S. 28809.
Near Castletown, Berehaven: Drummond z8rg—still there: Phillips
1894. Plentiful in cornfields near Schull, 1896; Phellips. At
Lissard, Skibbereen; at Toe Head, and abundant in oatfields at
Shepperton, Leap and near Kilcrohane, Durrus: Allin’s Cork.—
II. Little Island, near Cork: Flor. Cork. Cornfield near White-
gate, 1895 ; Phillips—III. Near Carlow (J. Morrison): Cyb.—
TV. Abundant in the sandy soil about Ballyconigar (J. Morrison) :
Carroll 1854. At Curracloa, Wexford, plentiful (Carroll): Cyb.
‘Tinnyberna, Wexford: Hart 2883 8.—V. Sandy fields at Port-
marnock, 1869 (Hart): Rec. Add.—and again in 1895; WV. C.
‘Plentiful in sandy cornfields by the sea near Castlebellingham:
Butler r890.—V1I1. In cornfields at Oughterard, Galway : Babding-
ton 7836.—X. Waste ground near Coalisland, Tyrone (Miss I. C.
Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.— XI. About Stroove, Inishowen: Hart
1853.—XII. Fields along the shore side about Kerkeel [Kilkeel],
Co. Down (John White): Wade Rar. 1804 —still there: 8. P.
.£892.. Abundant about Greencastle: Jr. Flor. 2833. Abundant
in gravelly places north of Greencastle coastguard station (Stewart) :
lor. N.-#. In great profusion in fields by the course of the
Causeway Water, Down: 8.4 P. 2892. By the new road to the
ferry, Bellaghy, Antrim (R. Tate): Flor, N.-E. Magilligan, Derry,
ae Moore US.—still abundant there (Mrs. Leebody): 8. § P.
1895.
Silene. | CARYOPHYLLEZ. 49

4, S. acaulis Linn.— Mossy Campion; Cushion Pink.

Districts — — — — — — ~— ~— IX, — XI. XIL
Lat. 543°-552°. North and North-West. Type, Highland.

Mountain cliffs and rocks; very local. FJ. June-July.

IX. Found on Ben Bulben and on other high mountains near
‘Sligo in September, 1806: Mack. Rar. Mountains of Leitrim and
Shgo: Murphy 1829. Common on the cliffs north-east of Ben
Bulben; abundant on Ben Bulben: B.& V. 2885. Abundant on
the top of Lug-na-gall, Glencar, Sligo: W. C. 1896.— XI. At
Dunaff Head, Donegal (C. Moore); very rare here and in one place
-only : Hart 7883.—XII. Ben Evenagh, facing Derry Lough, 1805
(Zempleton): Whitla MS. In great abundance on Ben Evenagh,
1835: Moore MS.—still abundant there, 1878 (7. H. Corry): Flor.
WN.-E. ,

From 550 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1200 ft, in Derry (Moore) ;
to 1600 ft. in Sligo (B. § V.),

5. £8. noctiflora Linn. —Might-flowering Catch-fly.

Districts I. — — — V. — VII — — X. — XII.
Lat. 523°-55}°, East and North-East, chiefly. Type, English-
Germanic.

Lowland. Sandy cultivated fields and banks; very rare. FU.
July-August.

I. Very sparingly near Ballybunnion, Kerry: R.W. 8S. r890—
seen there again, about a dozen plants, three years later; R.W.S.
—V. Plentiful in sandy cornfields by the sea near Castlebellingham :
Butler 1890. Plentiful in a sandy waste field, west of Mayden
Tower, Boyne mouth: Praeger 897.—VII. Field near Tullamore,
King’s Co. (Miss Green): Mackay 1859.—X. Gravel pit near the
railway 24 miles north-east of Armagh: Praeger 7893.—XII. Near
‘the base of one of the drumlins in recently disturbed earth where

_ the new railway is making in the parish of Drumbeg, Co. Down,
1837, and inasand-pit on the Lurgan road half a mile from Lisburn
(Moore): Colby 7837. Rough Island, Strangford Lough (Stewart) :
Flor. N.-#. At Hollywood, a casual (Praeger): 8. P. 1895.
‘Sandy cornfield near Magilligan, Derry: Herb. Moore. Gravelly
-waste ground near Larne Harbour (Praeger): Jr. Nat. 1897,
- Only a casual in many of its Irish stations.

E
50 CARYOPHYLLEA. [Lychnis..

LYCHNIS Linn.
1, { L. vespertina Sibth— White Campion.

L. alba Mill.—L. diovea B. Linn.—Melandrium pratense Roehl.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. — VIL. VII. IX. KX. XL XI.
Lat. 514°-552°. South and East, chiefly. ype, British.

Lowland. Cultivated ground and waste places; local. #7.
June-August.

I. Castlelough Bay, Killarney, and sandy field west of Castle-
gregory; very rarein Kerry: R.W.S. 1889 § 189z. Near Baltimore.
and Skibbereen, Cork, 1896; Phdllips.—II. At Roxboro’, Midleton ;
near Blarney; near the mouth of the Finnisk river, Youghal, &c.,
rather rare in Co. Cork: Allin’s Cork.—IIl. Brown’s Hill, Carlow
(&. Clayton Browne): Ree. Add. Near Mountmellick and by the.
Barrow at Kilmaroney below Athy: Hart 2885.—IV. About
Fethard and Carne, Wexford: B.-H. § G. z890.—V. Plentiful in
sandy fields round Warren House on ,the road to Howth and every-
where about Baldoyle: Wade Dubl. r79¢. Abundant in sandy
fields along the coasts of Co. Dublin from Baldoyle to Skerries,
1895; WV. C.—VII. By the Barrow above Monasterevan: Hart
7885.—VIII. Ashford, Cong, a casual; Miss UM. F. Jackson.—
IX. Yew Point and Hudson’s Bay, Lough Ree, Roscommon:
B.& V. 1887.—X. Waste ground near Coalisland, Tyrone (Miss
M. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897—XI. Near Lough-an-Ure (Hart) :
Ree. Add. Kinnalough, Horn Head: Hart 1879. Fintragh Bay and
between Ballyshannon and Bundoran: Hart 1885 y.— XII. Holly-
wood: Flor. Uist. Roadsides and fields near Templepatrick and
railway banks near Larne (Corry); Glendarragh, Antrim (D.
Redmond) ; Castledawson, Derry (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

 

2. L. diurna Sibth.— Red Campion.

L. dioica a, Linn.— Uelandrium silvestre Roehl.
Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Hedges and woods; frequent and locally abundant. 7. May-
June.

I. About Muckross and Killarney and at Kerry Head in several
places; very local in Kerry: R. W.S. 2889. Woods at Castle-
freke and Myros: Allin’s Cork. Plentiful on Cape Clear Island,
1896; at Castle Bernard, Bandon, 1897; Phellips.—II. Abundant.
in the woods, Carrigacunna Castle, Killavullen, rather rare in
Lychnis. | CARYOPHYLLEA. 51

Cork: Allin’s Cork. On the Galtee mountains, Tipperary, and on
the Commeragh mountains, Waterford: Hart 188r § 1884.—
TI. Recorded for this district in 1st Ed. Cyb., but no locality
available——IV. Powerscourt demesne: Flor. Hib. Very abundant
at Courtown, Wexford: Hart 1883 8.—V. Abundant in Lambay
Island, Co, Dublin, 1881: Hart 1883 y—rare elsewhere in Co.
Dublin; WV. C.—VI. Clonbrock, Co. Galway, 1896; Praeger.—
VIL. Plentiful in Knock Drin woods, Westmeath: Levinge r894.—
VIII. Inishturk, Mayo: More 7876. Ross Hill, shore of Lough
Mask; Miss M. F. Jackson—IX. Plentiful on some of the Ben
Bulben cliffs: B.g V. 2885.—X. Gubbaroe Point, Kesh, Lough
Erne: Barrington 1884. Shore of Lough Neagh at Maghery (Rev.
W. F. Johnson); in Tanderagee upper demesne: Praeger 1893.—
XI. About Kindrum lake, Fanet: Hart 2879. Coast at Ardmalin
south: Hart 1883.—XII. Frequent, especially round the coast, in
Antrim, Down, and Derry: Flor. V.-£.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Derry
(Cyb.); to 1800 ft. in Sligo (B.§ V.); to 1700 ft. in Tipperary
(Hart).

A scarce plant in many parts of the country.

8. L. Flos-cuculi Linn.— Ragged Robin.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Marshy places and moist meadows; common. 7. June—July.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Donegal and
1470 ft. in Waterford (Hart).

4. tL. Githago Scop.—Corn Cockle.

Agrostemma Githago Linn.— Githago segetum Desf.
Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Lowland. Cultivated fields, usually in sandy soil; frequent.
Fl, June-July.

I. With crops near Dingle and Castlegregory, but rare in
Kerry: 2. W.8. r89z. Blasket Islands: Barrington 188z.—
II. About Ardmore, Waterford: Hart 1883 8.—III. By the
Slaney below Ballintemple, Carlow: Hart 2881 a.—IV. Cornfields
by the sea at Dunbur, Co. Wicklow; Rev. C.F. @ Arey. About
the coast near Fethard, Wexford: Hart 1883 8.—V. In a close of
wheat .... near the Green Hills: Threlkeld. At Portrane and

E2
52 CARYOPHYLLEA. [ Lychnis.

Howth, 1895, but rare in Co. Dublin; WV. C.—VI. In wheat fields
at Croagh and Murrough, Burren; P. B. O’Kelly—VII. Knock
Drin, Westmeath, rare; Levinge.—VIII. Frequent about Ough-
terard; Miss MU. F. Jackson.—IX. Ballysodare, Sligo; Praeger.—
X, Recorded for this district in 1st Ed. Cybele but no locality
available. XI. Glinsk near Carrowkeel and abundant at Horn
Head: Hart 1879. Between Dunkineely and Killybegs: Hart
1885 y.—XII. Frequent in north-east Ireland: Flor. NV.-E.

Usually introduced with vetches, in which crop it appears to be
more abundant than in corn.

CERASTIUM Linn.
1. C. tetrandrum Curtis—Pour-cleft Mouse-ear.

Districts I, II. — IV. V. VI. — VITT. TX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. TZype, British.

Sandy or gravelly ground, usually near the sea; frequent. FJ.
April-June.

Almost entirely confined to the neighbourhood of the coast, but
has been found inland on the shores of Lough Conn, Mayo (More)
and Lough Neagh (Moore); also on dry boggy ground near Holly-
mount and Foxford, Mayo (More), and on limestone, apparently
flooded in winter, south of Lough Mask: Marshall 1896.

2, C. semidecandrum Linn.— Little Mouse-car.
Districts I, II. — IV. V. VI. — VII. IX. — XI. XID.
‘Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. Type, British-English.
Sandhills, dry banks, and walls near the sea; not infrequent.
Fil, April-May.
To 1100 ft. in Derry (Hart).

3. C. glomeratum Thuill.— Broad-leaved Mouse-car.

Districts I. If. TIL. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
-Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.
Roadsides and waste places, chiefly in gravelly or sandy soil ;
rather common. 7. May—August. :
Sea-level in Antrim and Cork. To 1600 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

4. C. triviale Link— Common Mouse-car.
Districts I, 1. I. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII IX. X. XL xm
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Pastures, banks, walls, and waste places ; very common. FY.
April-October.
Corastium. | CARYOPHYLLEA. 53

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Donegal,
to 2450 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow (¥. C.); to
3100 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Var. wotosrnorpus (Fries)—XII. Abundant in meadows on the
south side of the Bann, below the railway bridge at Coleraine (2rs.
Leebody): 8. & P. 1895.

Var. pentanprum Syme—II. Cork Beg Island, Cork Harbour,
1896; Phillips.

5. C. arvense Linn.—Large-flowered Mouse-car.
Districts I. I. — — V. VI. — VII — — — XIL
Lat. 52°-543°, South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Sandy banks and on rocks, chiefly near the sea;
rare, but locally abundant. Fl. May-July. Calezcole C.

I. On the Blasket Islands, Kerry (W. Andrews): Cyb.—still
there: Barrington r88z.—II. By the shore at Ballyvodock, Midle-
ton, Cork: Flor. Cork—not seen recently in Co. Cork.—V. Abun-
dantly in sandy fields and by roadsides between Clontarf and Howth :
Wade Dubl. Abundant at Howth. and on Ireland’s Eye: Fior.
Howth, -On Feltrim Hill and at Donabate (More); and plentiful
on north side of Lambay Island (Barrington): Ree. Add. Abun-
dant along the Dublin coast from Sutton to Skerries, 1895; WV. C.
Near the lighthouse at the mouth of the Boyne; Barrington.—
VI. Aranmore Island (W. Andrews): Journ. of Bot. 7845. On all
three islands of Aran: Hart. 1875. Frequent in the Burren
district of Clare: Foot 7862. Poulsallagh, Clare, 1892; Levinge.
South shores of Galway Bay (More): Cyb.—VITI. To the west of
Galway, near the shore (Prof. Melville): Cyb. Sparingly by the shore
at Inveran, Iar Connaught, 1897; Rev. W. Colgan.—XII. Plentiful
on a sandy bank in Massareene Park (D. Redmond): Flor. N.-E.

The Blasket Islands plant is the glabrous variety AnpREWsII
Syme, which is frequent also in the Aran Islands, but seems hardly
worthy of distinction.

STELLARIA Linn.
1. §. media Vill.— Chichweed.

Hibernicé Pliod (Flih).
Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Waste places, cultivated ground, &.; very common. 1.
Throughout the year, with open winters.
54 CARYOPHYLLEZ. [Stellarta.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Derry
(Moore); to 2550 ft, in Kerry (Hart).

Var, sorzana (Jord.)—Alsine pallida (Dum.)—The apetalous
sandhill variety is reported from Dublin, Wicklow, Cork, and
Kerry, and is probably frequent round the coast.

Var. wecixcta (Wethe)—I. Cahernane, Killarney : RW. S.
1888.

2. S. Holostea Linn.— Greater Stitch-wort.

Districts I. If. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIU. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Hedges, bushy places, and heaths; frequent. Fl, May-June.
Calesfuge C.

Sea-level in Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Wicklow and
to 1850 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

3. 8. palustris Retz.— Marsh Stitch-wort.

S. glauca With.
Districts — — IDI. — V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. — —
Lat. 523°-542°, Middle Ireland. Type, English-British.

Lowland. In bogs and marshes; rare. J. May—July.

III. By the Barrow in Queen’s Co., below Athy, and frequent
along the river at Milford; Bagnalstown; and Borris, Co. Carlow :
Hart 1885.—V. In Curragha bog, Co. Dublin [extinct?], and in
Tinure Bog, Co. Louth (John White): Mack. Rar. In the Glack
bog near Castle Bellingham, Louth: Butler 7890. Rathangan bog,
Kildare (P. M‘Ardle): Cyb. A little below Athy, Kildare, on the
left bank of the Barrow: Hart 1885. By the Boyne near Bective,
Co. Meath: Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 276. Marsh at Kearney’s Cross,
Louth, 1897; Praeger—vVI. Portumna, Galway (Moore): Cyb—
VII. North bank of the Barrow, about two miles west of Monaster-
evan: Hart 1885. ast side of Lough Ree in Co. Longford, along
the river Inny and at Lanesborough: B.gV. 2887. North-west
end of Lough Owel and shores of the lake near the Brosna mouth:
Levinge 1894.—VIII. Renvi [Renvyle] Connemara: Wade Rar.—
TX. Knockview, Roscommon (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. Holly-
mount, Mayo: More 7860. West side of Lough Ree in Co. Ros-
common, near Kiltoom, and opposite Lanesborough: B. &V. 1887.
Near Clonbur, Galway: I. § 8S. 1896.—X. Plentiful in many
places by the shore of Lough Erne, north of Enniskillen, and on the

‘Upper Lake near Crum: Barrington 1884. Ballyhaise, Cv. C
D. M Ardle. I 4 yhaise, Cu. Cavan
Stellaria. | CARYOPHYLLEZ. 55

4. §. graminea Linn.—Lesser Stitch-wort.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-552°, Throughout Ireland. ype, British.
Heathy and bushy places; common. 7. June-August.
Sea-level in N. Derry and §. Cork. To 1050 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B.g V.); to 1250 ft, in Wicklow (M. C.); to 1350 ft. in
Tipperary (Har?),

5. S. wliginosa Murr.— Bog Stitch-wort.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Watery places; common. 7. May-July. Calcifuge B.
Sea-level in Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2050 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2850 ft. in Wicklow (NW. C.); to 3000 ft. in Tipperary
(Hart),

ARENARIA Linn.

1, A. verna Linn.—Spring Sand-wort.

Alsine verna Bartl.
Districts — — — — — VL — — — — — BIL
Lat. 58°-552°. West and North. Type, Scottish-Intermediate.

Rocky places, near the coast; very local. 27. May—August.

VI. Island of Aran (2. Ball): Flor, Hib, On all three islands
of Aran: Hart 1875. Between Lunenagh Castle and Kilfenora,
‘Clare: Flor. Hib. Common in Burren, Clare: Foot 2862—and in
1895; NW. C—XII, Among the fallen rocks of. Benyevenagh:
Sampson 1802. Ben Bradagh near Dungiven: Zempleton US.—
and in 1883: Hart 1884. Magilligan, Derry: Murphy 1829.
Plentiful on Ben Evenagh and cliffs on south side of Glenariff:
Shoolbred r894. Agnew’s Hill and Sallagh Braes, Antrim, 1808:
Templeton US. Garron Point, Antrim, 1852: Babington in Herb.
By Carnlough river and on Fair Head (Praeger); Tievebulliagh
(Rev, 8. A. Brenan); Lurigethan mountain (Corry); Cushendall
(Stewart): Flor, N.-E.

To sea-level in Clare. From 400 ft. to 1450 ft. in Derry
(Hart). :

First recorded by Rev. G. V. Sampson in 1802.
56 CARYOPHYLLEZ. [ Arenaria.

2. A. trinervia Linn.—TZhree-nerved Sand-wort.

Mehringia trinervia Clairv.
Districts I. Il. IfI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.

Shady banks and roadsides, and in woods; rather rare, but.
locally abundant. 7. May-July.

J. Garinish Is. near Sneem, &c.; local in Kerry; &. W. S.
Rather common in Cork: ‘Ailin’s Cork.—II. Abundant on shady
roadsides near Mallow railway bridge; WV. C—JII. At Camross,
Queen’s Co.; Praeger—IV. Ditches between the Dargle and
Bellevue, Wicklow: Jr. Flor—V. Near Kiltiernan; Athgoe, &c.,
but rare in Co. Dublin; W. C—VI. At Ballyvally near Killaloe,
Clare, 1896; W. C.—VII. Kilmaglish and Knock Drin: Levinge-
1894. By Lough Derg at Gortmore, Tipperary, 1896; WV. C.-—
VIII.—Recorded for this district in Ist Ed. Cyb. but no locality
available—IX. About Castlemacgarrett, Mayo: Brown, Fascie..
1788. Glenade mountain, Leitrim: Murphy 1829. In one place on,
Glenade cliffs: B. § V. 2885.--X. Strabane Glen, Tyrone: Murphy
1829. Hedges at Loughgall, Armagh: More 1860. Frequent by
Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.—XI1. Natural woods, townland of
Ballybrattan, Upper Moville: Herb. C. Moore.—XII. In Down,
Antrim, and Derry, not common, though occasionally abundant:
Flor. N.-£.

Apparently a very scarce plant in the West and local in alk
districts.

8. A. serpyllifolia Linn.—Thyme-leaved Sand-wort.

Districts I, II, ITI, IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Sandy and gravelly places and on walls; frequent. #7. May—
July.

Var, weprociapos (Guss.)—I. On the railway at Rochestown,.
Cork; &. W.8S.—II. Little Island and Glanmire ; Phdllips.—
III. At Maryborough; Praeger—vV. At Portrane and Kilgobbin,
Dublin; W.C—VI. At Castle Taylor, Galway; More—IX. On
railway banks, Athlone: B.g Vi 1887. South of Lough Mask,
Mayo: Ug 8. 1896—X. Near Grange, Co. Armagh: Praeger
1893.—XI, At Carraghblagh; Hart—XII. Groomsport; Holly-
wood, &e. (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Sea-level to 800 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).
Arenaria. | CARYOPHYLLEZ. 57

4. A. ciliata Linn.— Fringed Sand-wort.
District — — — bee Ses ee EN) ee eG
Lat. 54° 20’—54° 25’, Bounty Sligo only. Zype, Hibernian.

Limestone cliffs; very rare. 77. June-July.

IX. Found on a high mountain adjoining Ben Bulben, near
Shgo in Septr. 1806: Mack. Rar. Near Lobiermot cave, above
Glen Gorragh on Ben Weisken, Sligo (C. 0. Babington): Cyb.
Plentiful at Annacoona; a few plants on Seafin mountain and near
Lobiermot cave, south-east of Ben Bulben; but not seen on Ben
Bulben proper: B.& V. 2885. In some quantity on the top of the
southern escarpment of Seafin and sparingly to the north-west on
cliffs above Glen Goliagh, 1896; Rev. O. F. d Arcy & N.C.

Ranges from 1200 ft. on Seafin to 1950 ft. on Annacoona
mountain (B. &. V.).

First recorded by Mackay in 1806 but probably found on Ben
Bulben by Lhwyd in 1699. A specimen collected by Lhywd near
Sligo is preserved in Buddle’s Herbarium in the British Museum,
and this, very likely, is one of the three or four new plants referred
to by Lhwyd in the following passage from his letter dated :
“Pensans, Cornwall, August 25, 1700” (Phil. Trans. vol. 27,
pp. 524-1712):—‘‘In the same neighbourhood [Sligo] on the
mountains of Ben Bulben and Ben Buishgen we met with a number
of the rare mountain plants of England and Wales and three or four
not yet discovered in Britain.”

Though the typical plant is not found in Great Britain, the
closely allied .4. norvegica (Gunn) occurs in the Orkneys and
Shetlands.

5. A. peploides Linn.—Sea-Purslane.

Honkeneja peploides Ehrh.
Districts I. IT. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Sandy and gravelly shores; frequent. £7. May-July.

SAGINA Linn.
1. 8. apetala Linn.— Annual Pearl-wort.

Districts I. II. INI. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, English.

Lowland. Walls and dry gravelly places; frequent, but locally
rare. 7. May-July.
58 CARYOPHYLLEA. [Sagina.

S. maritima Don.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Rocks, banks, and sandy and gravelly places by the sea; frequent.
Fl, May-August.

First found in Ireland by Robert Brown, at Ballycastle, Antrim,
in 1795. The plant was first recognized as distinct by Brown who,
in 1797, described it in MS. from specimens: “‘ growing in bare
spots by the sea side at Ballycastle.” Brown’s MS. and original Irish
specimens of the plant are now preserved in the British Museum.

Var. vensa (Jord.)—I. Ballybunnion, Kerry: Stewart 1890.

S. ciliata Fries.

Districts I. — II]. IV. V. VI. — — — — — XII.
Lat. 512°-554°, From South to North. Zype, English-British.
Banks, walls, and sand-hills near the sea; rare. #7. June—

August.

I. Near Derrynane; near Upper Lake, Killarney; Tralee and
other stations in Kerry: R. W. 8S. 2889.—III. Milford Bridge on
the Barrow: Hart 1885.—IV. On the bridge at Arklow and near
the castle ruin at Wicklow (More): Rec. Add. Rosslare, Wexford,
1897; Rev. E. S. Marshall—V. Walls near the sea about Dublin
(More); banks above Howth (J. Ball): Cyb. Walls between
Howth church and the station: Flor. Howth—VI. Near Moerne
Head, Clare (Moore): Cyb.—XII. Ballycastle, Antrim, 1852 (Rev.
W. W. Newbould & C. C. Babington): Cyb.—still there in 1882
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Sand-hills at Newcastle, Down: 8S. § P.
1892.

2. §. procumbens Linn.—Procumbent Pearl-wort.

Districts I. IT. If. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XM.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Waste ground, walls, pastures, and damp gravelly places;
frequent. 7. May-September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and §. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2500 ft. in Wicklow (Cyb.).

3. §. subulata Presl—Avl-leaved Pearl-wort.

Districts I. — — — — VI. — VIII. — — XI. XO.
Lat. 513°-553°. West and North. Type, Scottish-British.

Heaths and dry pastures, also on rocks and in gravelly places
near the sea; rare. 7. June-August.
Sagina. | CARYOPHYLLEA. 59

I. Plentiful on Brandon mountain, Kerry (Moore): Cyb. At
Glengariff and Bantry (Carroll): Allin’s Cork. Above Glen Lough
near Adrigole: Hart 18855. On Doum mountain near Sneem,
1877; Carroll. On Hungry Hill, in both Cork and Kerry; 2. WV. S.
Knockaphuca near Goleen, 8. Cork, 1896; Phillips.—VI. Cliffs of
Moher, Clare (Carroll): Cyb.—and in 1892; Levinge—VIII. On
Lettery mountain, Connemara: Wade Gallovid. Benchoona, Gal-
way: Hart 18830. Near Roundstone: Oliver 785z. South side
of Inishbofin: More 7876. Top of Urrisbeg; More.—XI. Dunaff
Head (Hart): Ree. Add. South-east shore of Lough Eske; Glen
Head; Mucross Point; and sea cliffs about Slieve League: Hart
1883 y.—XII. On the side of Muck Island, Antrim, next the sea,
1804: Zempleton MUS. Between Portstewart and Portrush, 1835:
Moore MS. Fair Head and Rathlin Island (Moore): Cyb. In
many places round the north and west of Rathlin: Stewart 1884.

Sea-level in Rathlin Island. To 600 ft. in Donegal and to
1970 ft. in Galway (Hart); to 2100 ft. in Kerry (2. W.8.).

4. §. nodosa Fenzl.— Knotted Spurrey.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Moist, sandy places and in marshes ; frequent. £7. July—Aug.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and §. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Dublin
(NV. C.).

SPERGULA Linn.
1. S. arvensis Linn.— Corn Spurrey.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Cultivated ground in sandy or peaty soil; common, 7, May-
August. Calcifuge B.

- The Irish plant is usually S. sativa (Boeenn.), but the papillose
variety, S. vulgaris (Bcenn.), also occurs, asin counties Dublin and
Kerry (Druce z89r), and in Cork (Phillips).

Sea-level to 1250 ft. in Dublin (@. C.).

SPERGULARIA Presl.
1. S. rubra Presl—Purple Sand-wort.

Arenaria rubraa Linn.—Lepigonum rubrum Wahlb.
Districts I. IL TW. IV. — — — — — xX. — XII.
Lowland. Sandy and gravelly places; rare. £7. June-July.
60 CARYOPHYLLE. [ Spergularia.

I. Kileolman, Cork: -Allin’s Cork. Waste ground near the
Marina, Cork: Phillips 2895. Roadsides west of Skibbereen, 1896;
R.W.8. Railway embankment at Schull, 1896, and—II. Abun-
dant on the Custom House Quay, Cork, 1896, perhaps introduced ;
Phillips —II1. Gravelly margin of the Barrow above Tinnehinch
Bridge, Queen’s Co.; Hart.—IV. Strand at Ballyconigar, Wexford
(J. Morrison); on Vinegar Hill (H. Robinson): Ree. Add.—still on
Vinegar Hill: B.-H.& Ml. 1892 0.—X. On the railways near Por-
tadown, Newry, and Narrow-water: Praeger 1893.—XII. By the
Moyola river near Draperstown, Derry (Moore): Cyb. Shore of
Lough Neagh, south-west of Toome, Derry, and sparingly on the
shores of Lough Beg, south-east of Toome, Antrim (Stewart): Flor.
N.-E. Abundant on the shores of Lough Island Reavy, Down:
8. & P. 1892. .

Also recorded in Ir. Flor. for district V., along the banks of the
canal from Dublin to Castleknock, but not since noticed in that
district where it probably occurred as a casual only.

2. S. media Presl—Sea Sand-wort.

Arenaria marginata DC.—Lepigonum marginatum Koch—L. marc-
num Wahlb.
Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.
Muddy salt-marshes; common. 7. June-August.

8. S. salina Presl—Jntermediate Sand-wort.

Lepigonum salinum Kindb.
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. — VIII. TX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Zype, British.

Banks and waste places by the sea and in salt marshes; frequent.
Fi, June-August.

The prevailing form in Ireland is Lepigonum neglectum (Kindb.) ;
L. medium (Fries) also occurs occasionally, being reported from the
counties of Galway and Kerry.

4, S. rupestris Lebel—Rock Sand-wort.

Lepigonum rupicola and L. rupestre Kindb.
Districts I. II, IIL. IV. V. VI. — VIII. — — XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland, probably.

Cliffs and rocky places on the coast; frequent. 77. June—
August.
Spergularia]. CARYOPHYLLEA. 61

To 600 ft. in Donegal and to 700 ft. in West Ireland (Hart).
In Kerry this species grows profusely on old castles and towers
by the coast; R.W. 8.

ORDER XI.—PORTULACEZ.

MONTIA Linn.— Water Blinks.
1. M. fontana Linn.

Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Watery places and on wet ground; rather common. /¥. May—
August. Calcifuge A.

Sea-level in N. Derry and in Kerry. To 2050 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2450 ft.in Down (S. & P.); to 2850 ft. in Tipperary
(Hart).

Both forms, I. minor (Gmel.) and I. rivularis (Gmel.), occur,
but the latter appears to be much the rarer.

ORDER XII.—ELATINEZ.

ELATINE Linn.
1. E. hexandra DC.—Hexandrous Water-wort.
Districts I. — — — — VI. — VIII. — — XI. XII.

Lat. 513°-552°. West and North Ireland. Type, English.

Margins of lakes and in ditches; rare. F/. July-September.
Caleifuge A.

I. Lough Caragh, Kerry (W. Andrews): Rec. Add.—and in
1889; &.W.S. Lough Gouragh, Hag’s Glen, Magillicuddy’s
Reeks; Hart 2882. Clonee Lakes; Killarney Lakes; Lough
Currane, &c., 1889; in most of the lakes in the mountain parts of
Kerry: &.W.8. 7890. By the Bandon river and in Moragh Lakes
(C. Longfield); pools near Kilcrohane, Durrus; in Keemore Lake,
-Leap and in Drinagh Lake; abundant in Clounties lake, Glandore:
Allin’s Cork. Lough Allua; Gougane Barra, 1897; Phillips.
—VI. Between Miltown-Malbay and Kilrush (C. Carter) and
abundant in pools in Dunbeg Bog, Clare (Moore): Cyb.—VIII. In
several lakes in Inishbofin: More 7876. Craigdhu Lough, Round-
stone: Praeger 2897.—XI. In Lough Erigh, between Doochary
62 ELATINEZ. [ Elatime.

Bridge and Glenties: Flor. Uist. River Clady at Gweedore Hotel :
Hart. 1880. West shore of upper Lough Nacung: Hart 788z B.
Lough Eske (Miss Young): Hart 1885 y—XIJI. On the muddy
border of Castlewellan Lake, Co. Down, where it was first pointed
out to me (Mackay) in 1808 by Mr. Templeton; abundant in
Enagh Lough near Derry and by the side of the river Bann below
Coleraine (Moore): Flor. Hib, Macaulay’s Lake south of Ballyna-
hinch and abundant in Lough Aghery and Loughinisland, Co. Down
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Sea-level in Derry and in 8. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

First found in Ireland by Templeton, in Castlewellan Lake, in
1808.

2. E. Hydropiper Linn.— Octandrous Water-wort.

District — — — — ~—~ ~—~ — — — —~— — XI.
Lat. 543°-543°. North-East only. Zype, English-Local.

Lowland. Lake margins and in canals; very rare. 7. July—
August.

XII. In the canal at Newry, 1836 (W. Thompson); in the
Lagan canal a little above the first bridge from Lough Neagh, and
more abundantly from the bridge to the Lough, September, 1837
(Moore): Colby 1837. In Lough Neagh a little north of the canal
(Moore): Cyd. Lagan canal near high-tide water-mark, Co.
Antrim, August, 1847 (Dr. Mateer): Spec. in Herb. Syme—the
same station as that entered ‘‘near Belfast”? in Flor. Ulst. Plenti-
ful at the north end of Lough Brickland, Co. Down (Rev. H. W.
Lett): B.N. F.C. Proc. r890-91. The last record is the only
recent one for Ireland.

First found, at Newry, by William Thompson in 1836.

ORDER XIII.—HYPERICINE.

HYPERICUM Linn.
1. H. Androsemum Linn.—TZutsan.
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat, 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, Atlantic-British,
Bushy and rocky places; frequent. FU. J uly—August.

Sea-level in N. Derry and S. Cork. To 1400 ft. in Done al
to 2080 ft. in Kerry (Hart). in Donegal and

Nowhere a common plant, though wide-spread in Ireland,
Hypericum. | HYPERICINE A. 63

2. H. perforatum Linn.— Perforated St. John’ s-wort.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Copses, hedge-banks, and stony and gravelly places; frequent
and locally abundant. 7. July-August. Caleccole B.

Sea-level in Donegal and in Cork. To 1200 ft. in Derry
(Moore).

Rare in Donegal and in Kerry.

8. H. dubium Leers—Jmperforate St. John’ s-wort.

H. quadrangulum Linn.

Districts I. II. ITT. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. — XII.

Lat. 51$°-543°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, English-
British.

Lowland. Thickets and ditch sides; rather rare. £7. July—
August.

J. Killarney (Babington): Cyb. Not rare in Kerry; R.W.S.
At Enniskeane; Skibbereen, &c., Cork; Phollipys.—II. Frequent
about Fermoy (7. Chandlee); near Clonmel, Waterford (Miss 8.
Grubb): Cyb.—III. Between Cullenagh and Stradbally, Queen’s
Co., and near Inistiogue, Co. Kilkenny: Mack. Rar. Near Clone-
gal by the Slaney: Hart zS8za.—lIV. Ballyhyland; Woodbrook,
&e., Co. Wexford: Moffat 7889. Near Ovoca station, Wicklow
(More): Rec. Add. Plentiful at Aughavanagh, Wicklow; Hart.—
V. Braganstown, Louth, and Nurney and Athy, Kildare; Praeger.
VI. At Castle Taylor; Garryland ; and Kilmacduagh, Galway(dHore) :
Cyb. Shore at Askeaton, Limerick: Stewart 1890. Common
about Gleninagh, Clare: Zr. Wat. 1895.—VII. Clonad wood near
Tullamore, King’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—VIII. At Maam and to
the west of Clonbur, and—IX. About Clonbur and Cong: M. ¢ 8.
1896.

Var. macotatum Bab.—I. Near Cork, 1852 (J. H. Balf):
Herb. Babington—X. Near Lurgan; Portadown, &c.; throughout
Co. Armagh: Praeger 1893. — XII. North of the second lock,
Lagan canal, 1797: Templeton MS. By the Lagan canal above
Lisburn (2. Hanna) and close to Lough Neagh (Rev. H. W. Lett):
8. P. 1895. Glenmore near Lisburn, Antrim (J. H. Davies):
BNF .C. Proce. 1892-93.

In North-East Ireland only the Var. macuLatum occurs, and but
rarely.
64 HYPERICINEA. [ Zyperteum.

4, H. tetrapterum Fries—Sguare-statked St. John’ s-wort.

ET. quadratum Stokes—H. quadrangulum Smith.
Districts I. IJ. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 51$°-553. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
In wet and marshy places; common. /%. July-September.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).

5. H. humifusum Linn.—TZraching St. John’ s-wort.

Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Heaths and dry banks; frequent. #7. July-Aug. Calcifuge B.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Derry
(Flor. N.-E.); to 1100 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

6. H. pulehrum Linn.— Upright St. John’ s-wort.

Districts I. I. UI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552° Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Heaths and dry banks; frequent. F/. June-July. Caledfuge B.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Derry (Cyd.);
to 2000 ft. in Mayo and to 2440 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

7. H. hirsutum Linn.— Hairy St. John’ s-wort.
Districts — — — — VY — —~ ~ ~—~ ~— ~— XT
Lat. 533°-543°, Dublin and Antrim. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Woods and thickets; very rare. FU. J uly—August.

V. About Leixlip waterfall, 1799: Templeton US. Woods at
Woodlands: Mack. Cat. 2825. At the Salmon Leap, Leixlip, and
on Knockmaroon hills, 1895; abundant in Woodlands, 1895; WC.
Hedges near Drimnagh, Co. Dublin: W. C. 7893.—XII. “ Found
at Macedon Point . . . two or three years ago by Mr. R. Tennant.
I had looked for it in vain until 1809 when I found it in fower” :
Templeton MS. Gathered near this locality in 1893; R. Hanna.

First found in Ireland, by Templeton, near Leixlip, in 1799.

8. H. elodes Linn.— Marsh St. John’s-wort.
Elodes palustris Spach.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. Ix. — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. From South to North. Type, Atlantic-English.

Wet bogs and bog ditches; frequent and locally abundant. FV.
July-August. Calcifuge A.
Hypericum, | HYPERICINEZ. 65

From 100 to 650 ft. in Down (S. & P.); to 1000 ft. in Dublin
and Wicklow (W. C.).

Not common and becoming rare in the North-East: Flor. N.-E.
Abundant in the West, rare in the East.

ORDER XIV.—MALVACEA.
ALTH AA Linn.

1. {A. officinalis Linn.— Marsh Mallow.
Districts I. TI. — — — VI. — VIII. — — XE —
Lat, 513°-542°. South and West coasts. Zype, English.

Lowland. Salt marshes and ditches near the sea; very local.
Fi}, August-September.

I. Sparingly by the roadside south of Ballybunnion, and abun-
‘dant by damp ditches close to Beal castle: Stewart 1890. Widely
scattered in Kerry, but all stations suspicious; &.W.S. Cape
Clear Island: Drummond z820—still there in 1896; Phillips.
‘Coast near Kilbrittain (Carroll): Cyb. On Inisherkin: Allin’s
Cork—abundant there in 1896; Phillis. At Garrettstown; near
Leap; Baltimore; Corrigilihy; escaped from cultivation in most
or all of these stations: -Aliin’s Cork.—II. Cable Island near
Youghal Harbour: Smith's Cork. In many salt marshes in Co.
‘Cork: Wade Rar. Strand at Kilfarassy, Waterford (Miss A.
Taylor): Cyb.—VI. In prodigious plenty in all the salt marshes
about the rivers Shannon and Fergus: Wade Rar. Marshy grounds
north side of the Shannon near Limerick: Mack. Cat. Near
Eahinch, Co. Clare: More 1860,—VIII. Old Head, south side of
Clew Bay, Mayo (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb.—XI. Plentiful in a
marshy pool on Carrickfinn Island, west of Bunbeg: Hart r88o.
North-east corner of Glen Bay, near Carrick, thoroughly established :
Hart 1885 y.

In most, if not all, of its stations an escape from cultivation.

LAVATERA Linn.
1. L. arborea Linn.— Tree Vallow.
Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — VIL — — — XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Coasts from South to North. Zype, Atlazitic.
Sea-cliffs; rare. £%. July-September.
I. On several of the Blasket Islands: Barrington z88r. On
F
66 MALVACEA. [ Lavatera-

the Little Skellig Rock, eight miles from the Kerry mainland
(Rev. A. Delap): Ir. Nat. 1893. Widespread in Kerry, but
usually near cottages; R.W.S. Summit of the Bull Rock, Co.
Cork; Barrington. Rocks at Summercove, Kinsale, 1894, and at
Baltimore, 1896; Phillips.—II. Cable Island, Youghal: Smith's
Cork. Near Youghal and Midleton: <Alhin’s Cork. Abundant
along the coast from Power Head to Rochespoint, 1895, and on rocks.
at Haulbowline, 1896; Phillips. West of Newtown Head, Water-
ford, looking wild along the cliffs: Hart 1883 8.—IV. Raven
Point; Rosslare Point; and Kilmichael Point, Wexford, probably
introduced: Hart 78838. Rocks at Duncannon Fort, Wexford :
B.-H. § G. 1889. Steep rocks at south end of Bray Head: Praeger
1897.—V. On Ireland’s Eye, opposite Howth: Wade'Rar. r804—
and in 1897; Praeger. On almost inaccessible cliffs east of Howth :
Flor. Howth. Killiney Hill ( Carroll): Cyb.—and in 1893 ; VW. C_—
VI. On cliffs on the South Isles of Aran: Mack. Cat. In several
places along the southern cliffs of Aranmore Island and on the
Rock Island, the most western of the group: Hart 1875. Cliffs at
Spanish Point, Clare (C. Carter): Phytol. 2846, p. 514. Near
Black Head, Clare; Zevinge.—VIII. Abundantly on Galway Bay :
Wade Gallovid. On old walls near the harbour of Galway: Mack.
Cat.—XII. On the shore at Ballantoy, and grows also in the Sheep.
Island, about half a mile from the Ballantoy shore, Sept. 1797:
Brown MS. Still on Sheep Island (Rev. 8. A. Brenan): 8. & P.
1895. Carrick-a-Raid near Ballintoy, 1800: Zempleton MS. On
a high rock at the west end of Rathlin Island (Miss Gage): Flor.
Uist. Summit of Stackaniskan, an isolated sea-stack at west end of
Rathlin Island (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1893.

There seems to be no reason to doubt that this plant is indi-
genous in many of its stations, though frequently cultivated in
cottage gardens round the coast, the cultivated plants being prob-
ably derived in many instances from native stations where it has
become extinct. A Mediterranean species, spreading northwards.
along the west coasts of Europe.

MALVA Linn.

1. ¢M. moschata Linn.— Musk Yallow.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-542°. South to North. ype, English-British.

Lowland. Dry-banks, waysides, and borders of fields; rare.
Fl. July-August.
Malwa.) MALVACEA, 67

I. Near Killorglin and in several stations near Kenmare, Kerry :
R. W.S. 1889 & 2890. Near Ballinadee; Skibbereen; and Union
Hall: Allin’s Cork. Kilkern and Castle Freke, 1890; Phalleps.—
II. Midleton and Doneraile: Allin’s Cork. Macroom; Greenwood
Pim. Near Ballyvolane, 1898, and near Inch, 1895; Phéllips.
Near Clonmel, rare (7. Chandlee): Cyd. Tramore and Ardmore,
Waterford: Hart 1883 8.—III. Borders of fields along the mail-
coach road between Carlow, Kilkenny, and Clonmel: Wade Rar.
By the Slaney below Tullow in several places: Hart 188zr a.—
IV. About Enniscorthy and Wexford (Rev. S. Madden): Cyd.
Cahore Point and Lady’s Island, coast of Wexford: Hart 1883.6.
Frequent throughout the county of Wexford: B.-H. & Mf. 1892 a.—
V. Near Drogheda (J. B. Hamilton): Rec. Add. Old Bawn, Co.
Dublin; Praeger—vVI. Glenstal, Co. Limerick: Hart 1881 y.—
VII. On the public road between Moate and Athlone: Wade Rar.—
VIII. Sparingly at Ashford, Cong; Miss Ul. F. Jackson.—X. In
fields near Tanderagee: Zempleton MS. In the upper and lower
demesnes of Tanderagee (Praeger) and fields on. Lough Neagh shore
at Deryadd and Raughlan (Rev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—
XI. Fields north-east of Lough Eske: Corry 1882.—XII. Grey
Abbey: Harris’s Down r744. Gravel pit at Shane’s Castle and by
the Crumlin river, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Still by Crumlin water;
in several stations in Antrim and Derry, ‘ probably often a garden
escape”: Flor. N.-£.

Perhaps introduced in all its Irish stations.

2. M. sylvestris Linn.— Common Mallow.

Districts J. TI. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English. |
Lowland. Hedge-banks, waysides, and borders of fields;
frequent. 7. June-August.
Apparently an escape from cultivation in many places and rare
in West Ireland.

3. M. rotundifolia Linn.— Dwarf Mallow.

. vulgaris Fries—H. neglecta Wallr.
Districts I. II]. TI. IV. V. VI. — VIII. — X. — XII.
Lat. 514°-543°, From South to North. Type, British-English.
Lowland. ‘Waste places and roadsides, especially near the sea;
rather rare. £7. June—September.
F2
68 MALVACEZ. [Malva.

Scarce in the West and North; very rare in Kerry; and
perhaps always introduced in inland stations.

ORDER XV.—LINEZ.
RADIOLA Roth.
1. BR. linoides Roth—All-seed.

R. millegrana Smith.
Districts I. I. — IV. — VI. — VIIE. IX. X. XI. XID
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. Type, British.

Damp, sandy, or peaty places, mostly.near the sea; locally
abundant. Fl. June-August. Calesfuge A.

I. At Killarney, &c.; common near the sea in Kerry, but rare
inland; R.W.S. Plentiful about Ballylickey, near Bantry, and
near Bandon: Flor. Hib. Clonakilty; Schull, &c., local in Co.
Cork: Aliin’s Cork. Common in the Schull promontory, 1896
Phillips.—I1. Fairy Hill, Waterford (Miss A. Taylor): Cyb.
Ballintowtas, Midleton (Rev. 7. Allin): Ree. Add.—lV. Greater
Saltee Island, Wexford: Hart 1883 8.—VI. Bogs south of Kilkee
(Carroll) and Loop Head, Clare (Moore): Cyb. Between Kilrush
and Carrigaholt: Stewart z890.—VIII. Plentiful in Inishbofin :
More 1876. Achill Island, Mayo (7. Chandlee): Cyb. Frequent
about Inveran, Iar Connaught (Rev. W. Colgan) and in Glen Inagh,
Connemara; V..C.—IX. By the shore of Lough Cullin, Mayo
(More): Cyb. Inishmurray, Sligo (Barrington): Ir. Nat. 1896,
p. r77.—X. Abundant on a bog two miles south of Portadown,
Armagh : Praeger 1893.—X1. Rosses and Fanet, Donegal: Murphy
1829. Common in Fanet and at Horn Head: Hart 2879. Tory
Island: Barrington 1879.—XII. North and east side of Hollywood
Warren, Co. Down, 1797 (Zempleton): Whitla MS. Along the
sides of the rivers about Kilkeel and on the lands of Muzlagh,
below Newcastle, Co. Down (John White): Wade Rar. Several
places between Newcastle and Annalong, Down: 8. § P. r8ga.
Plentiful on sandy warrens from Portrush to Downhill, Derry :.
Moore MS. On the shore of Ushet lake, Rathlin Island: Stewart
1884.

To 700 ft. in Kerry (Hart), but usually lowland.

Abundant in many parts of the West; very rare in the East.
Linum. | LINEA. 69

LINUM Linn.

1. L. catharticum Linn.—Purging Flax.

Hibernicé Miopas (Meeshack).
Districts I. (1. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. XK. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures and heaths; common. 7. June-September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry and
to 1500 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

2. L. angustifolium Huds.—Pale-flowered Flax.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. — — —
Lat. 513°-533°. Southern half of Ireland. Type, Aulentosengliah,

Lowland. Gravelly places and dry pastures, chiefly near the
sea; rare. 7. June-August.

I. Near Killorglin and Rosshehy, Kerry; 2.W.S8. Near
Kinsale (Carroll): Cyb. Near Timoleague; Ballinadee ; Coolmain;
and Kinsale: Allin’s Cork. Inniscarra; Berehaven; and Crosshaven ;
Phillips—II. Not rare near Youghal (Rev. T. Allin): Ree. Add.
Rochespoint ; East Ferry; Whitegate; Little Island, &c.; Phillips.
Monatrea cliffs opposite Youghal, Co. Waterford ; ’ Miss i.
Chearnley. Ballyernan and Ardmore Head, coast of Waterford:
Hart 1883 8. Near Powerstown, Co. Tipperary (Miss 8. Grubb):
Cyb.— III. Near Kilkenny (W. Archer): Ree. Add. Between
Newtown Lane, Co. Kilkenny, and Borris, 1892; Rev. T. Hartley.—
IV. Bannow (Barrington) ; Bloomfield and near Daphne (Miss EF. 7.
Farmer): Rec. Add. Near Kilmanock; Arthurstown, &c., Wexford :
B.-H. & G. 1889. Between Curracloa and Blackwater Head, on
high marl banks above the sea: Hart 188ra. Between Rosslare
and Greenore coast of Wexford: Hart 1883 8. South side of Bray
Head; WV. C.—V. On Knockmaroon Hill and steep banks between
Clontarf and Howth (John White): Wade Rar. In fields between
Killiney and Bray: Mack. Cat. 1825. By the railway at the foot
of Killiney Hill, 1894; WV. C. Below the Needles and Glenaveena
and on banks above the sea at the Cliffs: Flor. Howth. A little
north of Gormanstown, Co. Meath (More): Ree. Add.—VI. Meadow
between Woodford and Lough Derg (If. Dowd): Ree. Add.

This is probably the species recorded by Threlkeld (1727) under
a synonym for Z. perenne as found “upon the Lands of Simond’s
Court.”
70 GERANIACEA. [ Geranium.

ORDER XVI.—GERANIACEZ.
GERANIUM Linn.

1. G. sanguineum Linn.— Bloody Crane’s-bill.

Districts — — — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XU.
Lat. 53°-55}°. Middle and North Ireland. Type, British?

Lowland. Rocky and stony places and dry banks, chiefly near
the coast; local. #7. June-August.

IV. Killincarrig and Bray: Jr. Flor. —V. In a close near
Simond’s Court: Threlkeld. By the shore at Howth and on
Killiney Bay, abundant: Wade Dubi. r794. Still in considerable
quantity on Howth Head and rather sparingly at the foot of
Killiney Hill, 1895; W.C. Ineland’s Eye and Lambay: Jr. Flor.
On the south and west sides of Lambay Island: Hart 1883 y.—
VI. Throughout the Burren district of Clare: Foot 2862. In the
three Isles of Aran: Hart 1875—abundant in all three islands,
1892; W.C. Shores of Lough Derg, Galway (Moore): Cyd.
Abundant on almost all of the western shores and islands of Lough
Derg, 1896; 4. C. Abundant on the limestone pastures about
Garryland and Castle Taylor, Galway: More 1855.—VII. Abun-
dant on Derry Island ; Slevoir Point; and Gortmore, east shore of
Lough Derg, Tipperary, 1896; WV. C.—VIII. Near the town of
Galway to the north-west (Rev. W. MU. Hind): Cyb. Near Ough-
terard and—IX. Abundant near Glen Corrib and Ballycurrin,
Co. Mayo; Miss MU. F. Jackson. At Bridewell near Athlone (Dr. P.
Browne): Cyb.—XI. Abundant at Saint John’s Point, Killybegs :
Hart 1885 y. Limestone bluffs near Ballyshannon (Mr. Allingham) :
Hart 1886.—XII. Coast at Portrush, Antrim, and bushy places
by the shore near Crawfordsburn: lor. Ulst.—since verified by
Prof. R. O. Cunningham in the latter station; very rare in the
North-East: Flor. V.-£.

Sea-level in Antrim and Clare. To 1000 ft. on the limestone
hills of Burren, Clare (¥. C.).

2. G. sylvaticum Linn.— Wood Crane’ s-bill.
Districts — — — — — [VI] — —~ —~ ~— ~— XII.
Lat. 54° 55’—55°, North-East Ireland. Type, Scottish.

Lowland. Woods and shady rocks; very rare. FV. June—
July. ,
Geranium. | GERANIACE.Z, 71

[ VI. Established for many years in several places at Glenstal,
Co. Limerick (C. B. Barrington): Hart. 1881 y.]— XII. On the
bank of the river below Glenarm Park, 1800; in the little Park at
Glenarm plentifully : Templeton MS. Subsequently observed in
this station by Moore and Corry, and in 1885 by Praeger: Flor.
NV.-H. Glen above Miltown at Cairncastle (Praeger): 8. & P. 2895.
In a small den above Hollywood: Flor. Uist. This latter station is
considered to be identical with Marino where the plant grew, but
‘suspiciously near a garden, up to about 1885: S.&P. 1895.

First found in Ireland by Templeton, at Glenarm, in 1800.

3. G. pratense Linn.—Ueadow Crane’ s-bill.

Districts [I.]} — — SS eS eS ST
Lat. 553°. Native in Mie ile Type, British-English.

Lowland. Dry rocks, banks, and sandy wastes; rare, but
locally abundant. #7. June-August.

[I. Abundant on a rather mountainous road leading from Clona-
kilty to Rathbarry, and by fields in the vicinity, 1889-90: Phillips
1895.|—XII. About Ballintoy ; Dunluce Castle and all the north
parts of Antrim: Templeton MS. Abundantly at Whitepark,
Ballintoy, 1836 (Moore): Colby 2837. Roadside near Ballycastle
{Miss 8. Grubb): Cyb. On blown sand at Port Bradden (2. Tate) :
Ree. Add. At Port Ballintrae (G. C. Hyndman) and on limestone
near Carrick-a-raide (Corry): Flor. NV.-E.

First found in Ireland by Templeton, probably before 1820.

4. ¢G. pyrenaicum Linn.—Yountain Crane’ s-bill.

G. perenne Huds.
Districts — II. Ill. IV. V. — VII. VIII. — X. — XII.
Lat, 52°-544°. East Ireland, chiefly. Zype, English.

Lowland. Hedge-banks, roadsides, and waste places; local.
Fil, May—August.

II. Near Drumtariff Rectory, 1872, and single plants at Charle-
ville and Midleton; casual in Co. Cork: -Allin’s Cork. Near
Passage, Waterford; Diss Z. Glascott. Carrick-on-Suir, 1893;
Miss H. R. Grubb.—Ill. Ayresfield; New Park ; and near the. city
of Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. By the Barrow below Athy:
Hart 1885.—1V. Near Enniskerry, Wicklow (J. Ball): Cyb.
Roadsides near Gorey, Wexford, 1897; Rev. #. 8. Marshall.
V.. Waste places near Dublin, frequent: Mack. Cat. 1825. Kil-
gobbin; Santry; Skerries; Baldoyle; Mulhuddart,’ &c., 1894—
72 GERANIACEZ. [ Geranium.

frequent in Co. Dublin; WV. C. Frequent by roadsides near Balli-
tore, Kildare (Carroll) and common in hedges about Straffan,
Kildare (John Douglas): Cyb. Between Drogheda and the mouth
of the Boyne ; Barrington. Plentiful near Castlebellingham, Louth:
Butler 7890. Roadside banks near the Hill of Tara, Meath (More):
Ree. Add.—VII. Roadside near Killucan, Westmeath (Miss E.
Reynell) : Cyb. Ballymahon churchyard, Westmeath: B. & r..
4887, Roadside between Mount Murray and Baronstown (Miss
Levinge): Levinge 1894.—VIII. Near the town of Belmullet, Mayo
(Moore): Cyb.—X. Roadside, near Newtownstewart, Tyrone (Miss.
I. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.— XII. Hedge-side beyond Grooms-.
port, Down (Miss Maffet): Flor. Belf. Plentiful on roadside,
south of Portavo House (Stewart) ; near Strangford (Corry); between
‘Downpatrick and Saul (C. Dickson): Flor N.-E. Roadside near
Whitewell quarries, Cave Hill, Antrim (W. D. Donnan): B. N.
F.C. Proe. 1892-93.

5. G. molle Linn.—Dove’s-foot Crane’ s-biil.

Districts I. IJ. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Banks, roadsides, and dry pastures; common. J. May-
August.

Sea-level in Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Dublin
(W.C.).

6. t@. pusillum Linn.—Small-flowered Crane’ s-bill.

Distriets .— TT, = Ve FIg SS ew
Lat. 513°-533°, Middle Ireland. ype, English-British.

Lowland. Pastures and banks in light soils; very rare. Fl.
May-August.

Il. At Tramore, Waterford: Herb. Z. Chandlee. Near White-
gate, Cork, 1896; Phillips——vV. Near the Castle, Lambay Island, in
considerable quantity: Hart 2883 y—and in 1886; R.W.8.
—VI. Miltown-Malbay, Clare, 1830: Harvey's Memoir, p. 15.
Waste ground near Ringmoylan, Limerick: Stewart r89o.

Also recorded from stations in Antrim, but not recently observed
in that county and the records require confirmation.

A species likely to be overlooked, and perhaps more frequent than
would appear from the above localities.
Geranium. | GERANIACEZA. 73

7. G@. rotundifolium Linn.—Round-leaved Crane’ s-bill.

Districts I. I. — — — Vi ~ ~—~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Lat. 513°-53°. In Co. Cork, chiefly. ype, English.

Lowland. Dry banks, roadsides, and walls; very local. 77.
May-—August.

I. By the Bandon river near Ballinadee: Allin’s Cork.—II. In
several of the small islands near Cove and on the side of the road
between Cork and Glanmire: Mack. Rar. About Cork, passim,
1830: Harvey's Memoir, p. r6. Common about Cork, 1896 (in
districts I. and II.); Rossmore near Carrigtwohil, 1896; Phillips.
Rare about Midleton; Ballyvodock; and near Youghal (Rev. TZ.
Allin): Ree. Add.—VI. At Townross near Ballyvaughan, Co. Clare,
on walls and on limestone rock, well-established, 1894-1895 ; P. B.
O Kelly.

8. G. dissectum Linn.—Jagged-leaved Crane’s-bill.

Districts I. II. IT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Fields, waste ground, and roadsides; frequent. 7. May-
‘September. :

Sea-level N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 750 ft, in Dublin (W. C.).

9. +G. columbinum Linn.—Long-statked Crane’ s-bill.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — — IX. X. — —
Lat. 513°-534°. South and Middle Ireland. Type, English-
British.

Lowland. Dry banks, rocky places, and roadsides; local and
rare. J. June—July.

I. Near Kilereagh Castle: Drummond 1820. Near Kilcreagh
Abbey; about the Ovens Church on limestone rocks (Carroll) ;
roadside near Rafeen and by the railway near Rochestown (T.
Wright): Cyb. Near Ballincollig Castle: Flor. Cork. Kilnagross
and Kilmalooda, Cork (R. L. Allman): Allin’s Cork, At Ovens,
1894; at Iniscarra, 1895; and roadsides near Inchigeela, 1897 ;
Phillips.—11. Sunday’s Well and Shanakiel: Flor. Cork. Near
Midleton and Castletown-Roche (Rev. 7. Allin): Rec. Add. At
Youghal; near Killavullen; and near Bridgetown Abbey: Allin’s
Cork. Axdgeeha, Tipperary, 1840(C. Taylor); Ballylinch, Carrick-
on-Suir, 1864 (J... Grubb): Herb. Chandlee. Near Clonmel (Miss
74 GERANIACEA. [ Geranium.

S. Grubb): Cyb.—IV. Ditch banks on the Murrough of Wicklow
(Moore): Cyb. Near Campile and Whitechurch, Wexford: B.-H.
& G. 2889. On dry upland pastures at Caim; Mangan; Money-
hore; and Courtnacuddy, Wexford: Moffat 2889. Fisherstown
village: B.-H. & If. 1892.—V. At the foot of Knockmaroon Hills,
1799, and two or three miles from Dundalk on the road leading
towards Slieve Gullion: Zempleton MS. Feltrim Hill: Jr. Flor.
A few plants near Castlebellingham: Butler r890.—VI. Shore of
Lough Derg near Portumna (Moore): Cyb. Pleasure grounds at
Castle Taylor: More 1855. At Foynes and plentiful at Askeaton,
Limerick : Stewart 1890. Townross near Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1894;
P. B. O’ Kelly.—IX. Near the south-east end of Lough Mask,
scarce: Marshall 1896.—X. Roadside near Urney, Tyrone (Admiral
Jones): Cyb.

Also recorded from stations in Antrim, in some of which the
plant may have appeared as a casual; but these records need
verification.

10. G. lucidum Linn.—Shinming Crane’s-bill.

Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.

Rocky places and walls; rather local. #7. May-July. Calci-
cole A,

Sea-level to 650 ft. in Clare (WV. C.).

A widely distributed species occurring in most of the Irish
counties, though rare in many. Very abundant on the limestone
in Clare, Galway, and the Aran Islands.

11. G. Robertianum Linn.—Herb Robert.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI, XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Hedge-banks, walls, and rocky and waste places; common.
Fl. May-September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 650 ft, in Donegal
(Hart); to 1700 ft. in Sligo (B.§V.); to 1600 ft. in Tipperary
(Hart).

Var, vorvureum Forst.—I. About Cork: Flor. Cork.—VI. In
the Aran Islands (Prof, D. Oliver) + Cyb.— VIII. Inishbofin:
More 1876.
Erodium. | GERANIACEZA. 75

ERODIUM L’Héritier,

1. E. cicutarium L’Hérit— Hemlock Stork s-bill.

Districts I. Il. II. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XIL
Lat. 513°-55}°. From South to North. Type, British.
Sandy ground, near the sea; frequent. 7. May—September.
Reaches to 1200 ft. on Ben Evenagh, Derry (8. § P. 7895).
Recorded from the Antrim shores of Lough Neagh (Flor. N.-E.):
very rare in such distinctly inland stations.

2. E. moschatum L’Hérit.—Musky Stork’ s-bill.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VII. — — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Coasts of nearly all Ireland. Type, Atlantic.

Lowland. Banks, rocky pastures, and waste places; local,
and only as a casual, inland. 7. June—July.

I. Near Cloghane, Kerry (Moore): Cyb. At Dingle (Rev. W.
MM. Hind): Phytol. 1857, p. 97. Near Ardfert: R.W.S. 2889. In
many places in West Cork, as at Leap; Glandore; Clonakilty; &c.,
and—IJ. Frequent on roadsides near Youghal (Rev. Z. Allin): Ree.
Add. Common on the coasts of Cork, 1896; Phillips. Near
Tramore, Waterford: Hart 1883 B.—IV. Curracloa, Wexford (J.
Morrison): Cyd. Banks near the road between Enniskerry and Bray :
Ball 1839—and in 1897; R.W.S8. Greenore Point, Wexford ;
Hart, Roadside at Duncannon, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1889.—
V. On the wayside leading to Clontarf: Threlkeld. By the road-
side at Artane and near Dunleary; on Bray Commons; near
Chapelizod ; and at Warren House: Wade Dudl. Sutton and Howth:
Flor. Howth.—VI. Roadsides between Lisdoonvarna and cliffs of
Moher (Rev. 7. Warren): Cyd. At Killeany and Kilronan,
Aranmore Island (Hart): Rec. Add. Roadside at Glin, Co.
Limerick; 2. VW. S—VIII. Dooagh, Achill Island, 1840: Babsngton
in Herb. Near Clifden, Connemara (Rev. W. UM. Hind): Cyb.—
near the Wesleyan chapel at same place, 1894; Miss Uf. F. Jackson.
—XI. Roadside at Rathmullan, Donegal (Rev. 7. Allin): Ree.
Add. Abundantly at the west end of the suburbs of Londonderry,
1795, and—XII. Near Carrickfergus, 1797: Brown MS. Near
Portaferry 1806: Zempleton MS. Near Dundrum (Corry) and at
Ballycastle (Praeger): Flor. N.-#. At Annalong, Co. Down: Hart
884. Waste ground near Killough (R. Hanna): Stewart 1894.

A species often confounded with large forms of 2. cicutarium.
76 GERANIACEZA. [ Erodium.
8. E. maritimum L’Hérit.—Sea Stork’ s-bill.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — — — — — Xi.
Lat. 514°-552°. Coasts from South to North. Type, Atlantic-
English.

Lowland. Banks, pastures, and waste places near the sea; rare.
Fi. May—August.

L. Ringaskiddy, Cork Harbour (Carroll): Allin’s Cork. Bro
Head, Crookhaven: Flor. Cork. Schull; Galley Cove; Cape Clear
and Inisherkin Islands, 1896 ; Phillips.—I1. Strand at Ballycotton =
Drummond 1820. Tramore, Waterford (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.—
IV. Curracloa (J. Morrison) and at Ballyteigue (Rev. S. Madden) :
Cyb. Frequent all round the coast of Wexford from Rosslare to
Hook Head, especially abundant about Crossfarnoge: Hart 1883 B.
On Large Keeragh Island, Wexford: B.-H. gf Uf. 1892. Bray
Head; More.—V. Killiney Bay and south-east side of Howth:
Wade Rar. Treland’s Eye, 1882; W.C. Frequent all round
Lambay Island: Hart 2883 y. Near the Lighthouse at the mouth
of the Boyne; Barrington.—VI. Near Kilronan, Aranmore Island:
Nowers § Wells 1892.—XII. Sands about Newcastle, and plentiful
on the sandy shores about Kirkiston: Templeton US. Sandhills at
Neweastle, very rare: 8. § P. 2892—still at Kirkiston (Rev. C. H.
Waddell): 8. P. 1895. Shore opposite Gunn’s Island and at
Portlabar, north of St. John’s Point, also on roadside between
Rathmullen and Tyrella (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Glenarm and
Ballycastle, Antrim, and at Castlerock, Derry: Flor. Ulst.

Also recorded in Smith's Kerry r756, from “the strand of
Tralee near the spaw,” but not recently found in Co. Kerry.

OXALIS Linn.
1. 0. Acetosella Linn.— Wood Sorrel.

Hibernicé Seampés (sham-soge).
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XU.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods, thickets, and shady banks; frequent and locally
abundant. 7. April-May.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 2200 ft. in Tyrone
(Moore); to 2950 ft. in Wicklow (Hart); to 2800 ft. in Kerry
(Druce 1897).

In a paper read before the Linnean Society in 1830, James E.
Bicheno has argued with much ingenuity that the Wood Sorrel was
Oxalis, |, GERANTACEA, 77

the shamrock of the ancient Irish. There appears, however, to be
absolutely no evidence that this species was at any time used by the
Trish as their national badge. The similarity of the Irish names for
this plant, and for the common clovers, Z. repens and 7. minus,
has perhaps been the source of much confusion in the discussion of
the. identity of the Irish shamrock.

ORDER XVII.—ILICINEZ.
ILEX Linn.
1. I. aquifolium Linn.— Holly.
Hibernicé Cuileann (Cullen).
Districts I. II. IMI. IV. V. VI. VII. VILL. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°.. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Woods and heaths; frequent. 7. May-June.

Sea-level in N. Derry and in Kerry. To 11380 ft. in Derry and
to 1350. ft. in Kerry (Hart); to 1300 ft. in Wicklow (¥. C.).

ORDER XVIII.—CELASTRINEZ.

EUVONYMUS Linn.
1. E. europeus Linn.—Spindle-tree.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55°.. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.
Lowland. Rocky places and thickets by lakes and rivers;
frequent. £7. May-June. Calcicole C.

Most frequent in the rocky limestone districts and on the
borders of lakes in the West.

ORDER XITX.—RHAMNEZ.

RHAMNUS Linn.
1. R. catharticus Linn.— Purging Buckthorn.
Districts I. — III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X.. — [XII.].
Lat. 52°-542°. From South to North. Zype, English.
Lowland. Thickets, rocky places, and lake shores;, rare. JU.
May-June.
78 RHAMNEZ. [ Rhamnus.

I. In the islands of Killarney Lake: Smith's Kerry 1756.
Rough Island, Lower Lake, Killarney; More. On most of the
islands in the Lower Lake; R.W.S.—III. Cottoner’s Brook by
Mountmellick, Queen’s Co.: Annot. in Threlkeld. Banks of the
Barrow, in Queen’s Co. and—IV. Shores of Luggelaw and on the
Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.—V. Monasterevan: Annot.
in Threlkeld. By the Barrow below Monasterevan: Hart 1885.—
VI. Near Ballyvaughan; on the shores of lakes near Corofin,
Clare: Foot 7862. Rocky pasture at Castle Taylor, Galway: More
7855. North and Middle Aran islands (Hart): ec. Add.
Glanquin, Clare: Corry 1880. Abundant on the western shore and
islands of Lough Derg, Co. Galway, 1896: N.C. 1897.—
VII. ‘‘They” (the berries) ‘‘come to us out of the King’s Co.
in great quantities”: Zhrelkeld. Frequent near Geashill, King’s
Co. (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1894. Plentiful on Lough Ree: B. V7.
7887. Knock Eyon, Westmeath, rare: Levinge 1894. Abundant
on the Bounla and Corrikeen Islands, Lough Derg, and along the
eastern shores of the lake, Co. Tipperary, 1896: WV.C. 1897.—
VIII. Islands in Lough Corrib: Wade Gallovid. Shores of Loughs
Corrib and Mask (Prof. Melville) and shores of Lough Cullin, Mayo
(More): Cyb—IX. On a point of rocky land called Derrynany,
Lough Carra, Mayo: Ball 2839. Mote Park and Mount Talbot,
Roscommon, 1897; Praeger.—X. Islands in Lough Erne: Mack.
Cat. Common on the islands and shores of lower Lough Erne:
Barrington 188g. Farnham Lough, Co. Cavan: Jr. Nat. 1896,
p. 194.—[ XII. Creagh Island in Lough Beg, &., 18385: Moore US.
Abundant on the shore of Lough Neagh at the place called the
Selchin, parish of Glenavy: Herb. Moore. Not recorded recently
and apparently extinct, through drainage, in north-east Ireland :
Flor, N.-E.|

2. R. Frangula Linn.— Alder Buckthorn.

Frangula vulgaris Reichb.
Districts I. — III. IV. — VI. VII. VIII. IX. — — XII.
Lat. 52°-543°, Middle and North-East. Type, English.

Lowland. Heathy and boggy places and on limestone rocks;
very rare. J]. May—June.

I. Sparingly on the north shore of Muckross Lake, Killarney ;
&.W. 8.—III. Plentifulin Mountmellick bog near Cottoner’s wood,
1782: Annot. in Threikeld—IV. On wet ditch banks at the
Murrough of Wicklow (J]oore): Cyb.—V. Bog of Athy not far
Rhamnus. | RHAMNEZ. 719

from Enfield, Kildare, 1884; Dr. #. P. Wright.—VI1. Near Rock
Forest on the borders of Clare and Galway, 1851: O’ Mahony 1860.
Quite prostrate on limestone flags outside Garryland wood near
Gort, Galway: More 2855. Glanquin Hills, Clare: Corry 188o.
A prostrate variety with very small leaves on rocks near Glanquin :
Levinge 1892. Plentiful on Hare Island, Lough Derg, 1896: WV. C.
r897.—VII. In a wood near Tullamore, King’s Co. (M@ P.
Edgeworth): Cyb.— VIII. On Canova island, Lough Corrib: More
z&6o. Island near Ross Hill, Clonbur, Lough Mask; Miss I. F.
Jackson —IX. Derrynany Point, Lough Carra, Mayo: Ball 1839.
East shore of Lough Mask, 1891; &. P. Vowell—_XII. Side of a
lake (Bow Lake) in the townland of Creevytenant, near Ballinahinch,
and plenty among other shrubs in a bog near Ballygowan Bridge :
Templeton US. Creagh Island in Lough Beg (Moore): Flor. Hib.
At Portglenone and shores of Lough Neagh at Shane’s Castle and
near Toombridge (Moore): Cyb. Re-discovered at Shane’s Castle
near the Main River (Prof. R. O. Cunningham): B.N. F.C. Proc.
r&go-91. The last station is the only recent one for district XIL.,
in which this species appears to have become almost extinct through
drainage.

ORDER XX.—LEGUMINOSZ.

ULEX Linn.
1. U. europeus Linn.— Purse; Whin; Gorse.

Hibernicé Aiceann (Ath-thenn).
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XID.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths, pastures, and gravelly places ; common in the East,
local in the West. #7. March-May, and again September—October.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry;
to 1600 ft. in Wicklow, and to 1470 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

The so-called Irish Furze, Ulex strictus of Mackay, which was
found growing sparingly in the grounds of Mount Stewart, New-
townards, Co. Down, near the beginning of this century, appears to
have been little more than a “sport,” and is not now known to
occur in a wild state in Ireland.
80 LEGUMINOS A. { Ulex.

9. U. Gallii Planch.—Dwarf Furze.

Districts I. Il. Il. IV. V. VI. VII. VEL. — X. Xi. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Treland, almost. ype, English.

Dry heaths and hilly places; frequent and locally abundant.
Fl. August-October. Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Down;
to 2150 ft. in Wicklow, and to 2200 ft. in Kerry (Hart). Ranges
much higher in Ireland than in Great Britain, where it reaches its
maximum elevation at 750 ft. in the Lakes District.

A rare plant in many parts of West. Treland, and usually more

frequent near the coast than inland.

CYTISUS Linn.
1. C. seoparius Link—Broom.

Sarothamnus scopartus Koch—S. vulgaris Wimm.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIL. IX. X. XI. XU.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths and hilly places; frequent. 27. May—June. Calei-
Suge A.

Sea level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 700 ft. in Donegal (Hart) ;
to 1050 ft, in Dublin (WV. C.); to 1200 ft. in Queen’s Co. (Hart).

A widespread species, but seldom abundant.

Var. prosrratus Baily—V. Edge of sea-cliffs on Ireland’s Eye
and at Kilrock and Drumleck, Howth: Flor. Howth. This is
probably the plant recorded as Gentsta tinctoria in Flor. Hib.

ONONIS Linn.

1. 0. repens Linn.— Rest Harrow.

Districts I. IL.. III. IV. V. [VI.] [VII.] — [TX.] — [XT] XU.
Lat. 513°-554°, South to North. Zype, British.

_ Sandhills, gravelly places, dry banks, and borders of fields,.
chiefly near the sea; locally abundant. #7. June-August.

I. Very rare and probably introduced in Kerry; &.W.8S.—
{VI. Sparingly at Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1895; WV. C.—VII. Only
once seen round Lough Ree, at Ladywell, Westmeath: B.¢V.
1887.—IX. A few plants at Lisloughrey, Cong, Co. Mayo; Miss
M. F. Jackson.— XI. Between Fahan and Buncrana (W. E. Hart) ;
very rarein Donegal: Hart 7886.]|—XJ1. Only one station in Derry
‘Ononts. | LEGUMINOS. 81

—Benone, Magilligan (Mrs. Leebody): 8.§ P. 1895. Frequent
in Down and Antrim, by the coast: Flor, N.-£.

Sea-level to 900 feet in Dublin (MY. C.).

Abundant on many parts of the south and east coasts. Casual
in the West and North-West.

Var, norripa Lange—II. Bunmahon and Knockmahon, Water-

ford coast: Hart 1883 8.—V. Banks near St. Fintans, Howth, Co.
Dublin, 1894; W.C.

TRIGONELLA Linn.
1. T. ornithopodioides DC.—Birds-foot Trefoil.

T. purpurascens Lamk.—Trifolium ornithopodioides Linn.
Districts — — — IV. V. — — — — — — (XII. }.
Lat, 58°-533°. East coast only. TZype, English.

Lowland. Banks and sandy or gravelly pastures near the sea;
very rare. £7, June—July.

IV. On the gravelly beach by the Murrough of Wicklow: Flor.
Hib. 1836—still there, 1896; &.W.S. Rosslare; about half way
‘from Greenore Point to Churchtown; near Lady’s Island Lake,
Wexford: Marshall 1898.—V. Near the North Wall: Wade Dubl.
Found on the south-east side of Killiney Hill and near Bullock,
June 1806: Mack. Rar. Abundant at Killiney Hill and Bullock:
Mack, Cat. 1825—not recently found in either station. On the
summit of Clogher Head, Louth: Ball 1839. Near the Lighthouse
at Howth (Moore): Cyb.—still there in 1885; R.W.S. Abundant
‘on an old grassy road leading from the Lighthouse road, Howth:
Hart 1897.—[ XII. On a gravelly bank sloping to the sea at the
northern end of Hollywood Warren, 1799: Zempleton MS.—not
found there now: Flor. N.-£.]

MEDICAGO Linn.
1, M. lupulina Linn.— Black Medick.
Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Pastures, roadsides, and waste places; rather common. 1,
May-August.

Abundant in the South and East; rare towards the West and
North-West.

From sea-level to 850 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).
@
82 LEGUMINOS.%. [ Medicago.

2, ¥*M. maculata Sibth.—Spotted Medick.

MM. arabica All.
Districts [I.] Il. — IV. [V.] — [VH.] — — —-— — —
Lat. 513°-523°. South of Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Cultivated land and waste places; very rare. 1.
May-July.

[I. Occasionally seen in cultivated land, as on the Model Farm,,
Cork, no doubt introduced (Prof. E. Murphy): Cyb.|—I. South side-
of Little Island by the-shore, 1840 (D. Murray): For. Cork, Still
at Little Island and plentiful in several places on the banks of the
river near Eastferry: Phillips 1895. At Youghal; 2. P. Vowell—
and abundant there in 1896; &.W.S.—IV. Plentiful by the
Blackwater, Wexford, 1896; Diss M. D’ Arcy.—[V. Between
Dolphin’s Barn and Crumlin, Dublin (Mr. Johnston): Cyb.—not
seen recently in Co. Dublin; WV. C.—VII. By Lough Ree, a casual
only: B.& V. 1887. |

MELILOTUS Linn.
1. { M. officinalis Lamk.— Common Melilot.

Districts — II. III. [IV.] V. [VI.] — — — [K.] — [XIL}
Lat. 52°-533°, South and East. Zype, English.

Lowland. Waste places, banks, along railways, and field
borders, chiefly near the sea; locally abundant. #7. July-August.

II. In Little Island (Drummond): Cyb.—not observed here
recently. A few plants in a pasture field at Ballinacurra, 1870:
(Rev. T. Allin): Rec. Add, Several plants in a field at Knocka-
doon, near Youghal: Allin’s Cork. At Tivoli, near Cork, on waste-
ground; Little Island; Queenstown Junction, and Midleton;
Phillips.—II1. By the Kilkenny railway which passes through
brackish marshes near.Waterford, plentiful (Z. Chandlee): Carroll
857. Banks near the railway station at Ferrybank, Kilkenny :
UM. & S. 1896. — [IV. Roadside near Enniscorthy (Miss EF. UM.
Farmer): Rec. Add. Kiltrea and Aughnaclappa, Wexford, in
clover and cultivated land, not established: 2.-H. § MM. 1892.\—
V. “In some Closes (which by the Ridges appear to have been
plowed) beyond Coulack, copiously”: Threlkeld r727. Sandy and
bushy banks at Killiney Bay; plentifully about Mayne Bridge
Baldoyle, and in fields round the quarry near Finglas Bridge :
Wade Dubl. 1794. Plentiful along the railway embankment north
Melilotus. | LEGUMINOSZ. 83

of Malahide, and here and there about the sandhills at Portrane and
Rush (Moore & More): Rec. Add. Abundant at intervals along the
railway from Raheny to Balbriggan and to Howth; abundant in
the sandhills at Rush and along the creeks at Rogerstown and
Malahide; thoroughly established along the coasts in Co. Dublin,
1895; WV. C—[VI. A few plants in a meadow near Ballyvaughan,
1895; WV. C.—X. On the railway at Bessbrook, Armagh, an escape ;
Praeger.—X11. On the Curran of Larne (Moore): Cyb. Sandhills at
Portrush, 1887 (Praeger): Flor. N.-E. Glenariff: Shoolbred 1894. ]
As yet, appears to be fully naturalized only in Co. Dublin.

2. *M. arvensis Wallr.—Meld Melilot.

Districts — TI. — — [V.] — — — ~— — — XII.
Lowland. Railway banks and waste places; very rare and
fully established only in the North-East. J. June-August.

_ II. Near the distillery, Midleton, but not established in Cork:
Allin’s Cork. Railway side at Cahir in considerable quantity
(TZ: Wright): Carroll 1857. Railway station at Clonmel (Mss S.
Grubb): Cyb.—[V. Occasionally on railway banks and waste places
between Howth and Baldoyle, and in waste ground on the Cosh,
Sutton; Hart.|—XII. Railway embankment between Kilroot and
Whitehead, and between Glynn and Larne, Antrim (&. Tate):
Journ. of Bot. 1870. Still abundant between Kilroot and Larne,
and may fairly be considered as naturalized here: S. & P. 1895.

TRIFOLIUM Linn.

1. ¢ T. subterraneum Linn.— Dwarf Trefoil.

Districts — — — IV. — — ~— ~—~ —~ ~ — —
Lat. 58°. County Wicklow only. ype, English.

Gravelly places; very rare. #7. May—June.

IV. By the riverside at Wicklow, June, 1867 (More): Seeman’s
Journ. of Bot. r868—still there, in some plenty, 1895; &.W.S.

2. T. pratense Linn.— Red Clover.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Meadows and pastures; common. 7. May—September.
From sea-level in N. Antrim to 1150 ft. in Derry (Hart),
sea-level to 1200 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).
a2
84 LEGUMINOS A. [Zrifolium.

3. T. medium Huds.—Zigsag or Mountain Clover.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 52°-552°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, British.

Hilly pastures and rocky places; local. 47. June-August.

I. Coast near Dingle, Kerry: Hart 288z. Rocky place by the
road between Tralee and Castleisland, very rare in Kerry: 2. W. S.
1888. Glasheen, and—II. Little Island: Flor. Cork. Banks of the
‘Owbeg near Castletownroche, 1897; Phillips. Near Carrick-on-
Suir (Miss 8S. Grubb); Mill Island, Fermoy, rare (Z. Chandlee) :
Cyb.—III. Emo, Queen’s Co., 1896; Praeger—IV. Banks near
the sea at Rockfield, Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Between Courtown
and Gorey: Hart 188za.—V. Fields in the Dublin mountains and
at their base: Wade Dubl. Roadside at Woodtown, near Mount
Pelier, Dublin; 2.W.S8. Locally abundant in upland pastures in
Co. Dublin, as at Saint Ann’s and Glassamuckey, Glenasmole, 1895 ;
NV. C. Near Ballitore, Kildare (Carroll): Cyb. Base of Carlingford
Mountain, Louth: Jr. Nat. 1893, p. 227.—V1. Near the Black
Fort, Aranmore Island: Mowers and Wells r892.—VIII. On the
shores of Lough Cullin, and—IX. Near Foxford, Mayo (More):
Cyd. Frequent near Skreen and Dromore West, Sligo: W. C. 1896.
—X. Near Castle Hume, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884. Owl
Island; Bess Island; and Inishfree, Lough Erne: Praeger, 1892.
Navan Fort and Loughnashade lake, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—
XI. Ballyshannon and Mount Charles, Donegal (Admiral Jones) :
Cyd. Dunaff Head and Leenane, Lough Swilly; Mucross and
Saint John’s Point, S.-W. Donegal: Hart 1879 § 1885 y.—
XII. In County Down at Portavo (Corry) and at Newcastle
(Praeger); very rare in this county, frequent in Antrim and Derry :
Flor, N.-E. ;

Sea-level in Derry and in Kerry. To 750 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1000 ft. in Derry (Moore).

Apparently local and scarce in most parts of Ireland and very
rare in the South; but no doubt is frequently confounded with
T. pratense.

4, T. arvense Linn.— Hare’ s-foot Treforl. :

Districts I. I, — IV. V. VI. — VIN. — — xt, xir.
Lat. 514°-554° From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Near the sea, in sandy places and more rarely in
rocky ground; rather rare and local. FY. J uly—August.
Trifolium. ]' LEGUMINOS Ai, 85:

I. Dry fields at Cahirmore (Miss Hungerford); cliffs at Lislee ;
on Inisherkin; and cliffs at Siege Cove, Glandore: Adlin’s Cork.—
I. Plentiful on Cable Island, Youghal (Rev. 7. Allin): Ree. Add.
Kilfarassy island; Ballydowane Bay; Helvick Head; Mime Head,
and Ardmore Head, Waterford, and—IV. Rosslare, Wexford : Hart
1883 8. Abundant at Ballyconigar, Wexford (Carroll): Cyb. At
Arklow Head, Wicklow: Hart 188ra—yYV. Sandy ground near
Merrion: Threlkeld. Abundant ‘in the drifting sands about Rush,
Co. Dublin: Wade Rar. r80g—still abundant and luxuriant here
in 1895; N.C. Sandy pastures near Baldoyle, and at Portmarnock
sands abundant: Mack. Cat. Dalkey Island and Lambay Island :
Ir, Flor. Bailey Light House; Howth Burrow and between
Kilbarrack and Sutton: Flor. Howth. Clogher Head, Louth:
Butler 1890.— VI. Between the light-house and the old fort in South
Island of Aran (Hart): Rec. Add.—VIII. Inishturk : More 1876.—
XI. At Stroove (W. £. Hart) and west of Malin Head, Inishowen :
Hart 1883.—XI1I. Church Bay in Rathlin and on slipped ground
at Blackhead: Zempleton MS. In Co. Antrim, in sand-pits at
Stranmillis (Stewart) and sand-hills at Portrush (Corry); in Co.
Down, at Rough Island, east of Comber (Stewart) and at Ringsallin
Point east of Dundrum (Corry): Flor. N.-#. Frequent in the
sandy fields at Magilligan and by the shores of Lough Neagh, 1835:
_ Moore MS. Abundant in Magilligan: B..N.F. C. Proc. 1863.

Rare in the West and not recorded from any distinctly inland
station except. Lough Neagh.

5. T. striatum Linn.—Soft Knotted Trefoit.

Districts I. — — IV. V. VI. — — — — — XII
Lat. 514°-543°. From South to North. TZype, English.

Lowland. Gravelly banks and rocky pastures, chiefly near the
sea; very rare. 7. May-June.

I. Kilfenora, Tralee Bay; on limestone rocks at Rahaneen Bay,
west of Ardfert, Kerry: R.W.S. 2890 & -gz. On the strand at
Glandore, Cork (J. Sullivan): Cyb.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow
(Moore): Cyb. By the river at Wicklow; More. About a mile
and a half north of Wicklow, 1886; R.W.S. Coast between
Greenore Point and Churchtown, luxuriant and in good quantity,
also sparingly on the north side of Wexford Harbour: Marshall
1898. Near Greystones railway station: Praeger 1897.—V. Kil-
liney; Kilbarrack; and Howth (Qoore): Cyd. Sparingly on dry
grassy slopes at Carrigeen, Ireland’s Eye: Flor. Howth. Plentiful
86 LEGUMINOS 4. [ Zrofolium.

on Lambay Island: Hart 1883 y—and in 1896: Ir. Nat. 1896,
p. 186. Abundant on Feltrim Hill (More): Rec. Add. On Fel-
trim Hill, 1893, and at Balcarrig, Portrane, 1894; WV. C. On the
summit of Clogher Head, Louth: Ball 1839. Plentiful above the
Martello Tower, Sutton (Miss R. Mahaffy): Ir. Nat. 1895.—
VI. Near the Black Fort; Aranmore Island: Mowers and Wells
1892.—XII. On sloping gravelly banks on the shore at Rahanbuoy
[Antrim] 1811: Zempleton MS. Whitehead (Mr. Millen) and
Castle Chichester (G. Dickie): Flor. Uist. At Whitehead, 1866 :
Herb. Hyndman. Not seen recently in the North-East: Flor. W.-E.
First found by Templeton, in Co, Antrim, in 1811.

6. T. seabrum Linn.— Rough Rigid Trefoil.

Districts — TI — IV. Vi. —- — — — — — —
Lat. 52°-532°. South and East coasts. Type, English.

Sandy and gravelly places near the sea; rare. £7. May—July.

II. Abundantly on sand-hills near Youghal, Cork: Allin r87z.—
IV. Near Newcastle and Killoughter, Wicklow (More), and between
Kilcool and Greystones, Wicklow (Hart): Rec. Add. A little
south of Carnivan Head near Fethard, Wexford: Hart 1883.—
V. Gravelly banks on the northern shores of Dublin Bay, 1799:
Templeton MS. Sandy fields on the Sutton side of Howth,
Co. Dublin: Wade Rar. In a gravel pit at Sandymount and sandy
banks near Kilbarrack Church: Mack. Cat. Killiney (Moore) and
on the North Bull (D. Orr): Rec. Add. Still on the North Bull,
abundant, 1892; WV. C. Near the sea from below Kilbarrack to
Greenfields: Flor. Howth. In the Park near the river at Bray;
More. Rocky bank by the shore at Skerries, 1893; Greenwood
Pim.

First found by Templeton in 1799.

7. {T. glomeratum Linn.—Round-headed Trefoil.

Districts — — — IV. — — — —~ ~ ~ ~ —
Lat. 52}°-53°. Wicklow and Wexford only. Type, English.

Gravelly places; very rare. FV. June.

IV. By the river side at Wicklow near the [old] railway station,
with 7. subterranewm, 1869 (Moore): Journ. of Bot. 1870. Spar-
ingly by the river about a mile and a-half north of the preceding
station, 1886, and still there in 1894; R.W.S. In two sandy
pastures near Rosslare House, Wexford; quite plentiful in one of
them: Marshall 1898.
Trefolium. | LEGUMINOS 2. 87

8. T. repens Linn.—Dutch Clover; Shamrock.

Hibernicé Seampds (Sham-rége).
Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Meadows and pastures; common. 7. May—September.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry (Hart) ;
to 1550 ft. in Sligo (B. § V.); to 1700 ft. in Tipperary and to 1650
ft. in Kerry (Hart).

This species of clover is the one most generally worn as the
shamrock or Irish national badge on St. Patrick’s Day, 17th March,
though Z. minus is used very frequently and 7. pratense and
Medicago lupulina, occasionally, for the same purpose. Edward
Lhwyd, the celebrated antiquary, one of the earliest investigators of
the Irish flora, writing to Tancred Robinson in December 1699 after
a recent visit to Ireland, says: ‘‘Their Shamrug is the common
lover”? (Phil. Trans. vol. 27, p. 503). Caleb Threlkeld in his
Synopsis of native Irish plants, published in 1727, gives Seamar-
oge—* Young Trefoil”—as the Irish name for 7. pratense album,
and says expressly that this is the plant worn by the people in their
hats on St. Patrick’s Day. K’Eogh in his Botanica Universalis
Hibernica, 1735, and Wade in his Catalogue of the indigenous
plants of the Co. Dublin, 1794, both identify the national badge
with the same species, 7. repens. Recent inquiry, however, shows
that 7. repens is far from having an exclusive claim to be considered
the national badge of Ireland. Out of a number of specimens of
certified ‘‘shamrocks” collected by WV. C. in the years 1892 and
1898 from various Irish counties, 24 were found to belong to 7.
repens and 21 to 7. minus (Ir. Nat. 1892, p. 95 and 1893, p. 207),
and in Britten and Holland’s Dictionary of English Plant Names,
1886, the latter species is recorded as used in 18 Irish counties.

9. T. fragiferum Linn.—Strawberry-headed Trefoil.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. — — — IX —- —- —
Lat. 52}°-543°. South and East. Type, English.

Lowland. Damp pastures, mostly near the sea; rare and local.
Fil. July-September.

I. By the coast near Feohanagh, west of the Dingle promontory,
Kerry: Hart 1884. Castlegregory; Barrow; Banna; Bally-
bunnion, &.: R.W.S8. 1888, Fe. Beal Point and Tralee Bay:
88 LEGUMINOS&. [ Trifolium.

Stewart 1890.—II. Tramore, Waterford (Miss S. Grubb): Carroll
1857.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Oyb. Fisherstown
marsh and near the Pill, Alderton, Co. Wexford: B.-H. g @..
1889 & 1890. Below Loftus Hall on the west side of Hook Head,
Wexford : Hart 1883 8.—V. Side of Dublin Bay near Sandymount,
1799: Templeton MS. Brickfields beyond Clontarf, Co. Dublin,
and marshy meadows along the Boyne beyond the obelisk (Co.
Louth): Jr. Flor. Coast at the Boyne mouth, Co. Meath; Hart.
By the sea at Clogher, Louth: Praeger 1897. Swords, Co. Dublin
(Moore): Cyb. Shore at Ballybrack, Dublin, and at Gormanstown
and Laytown, Meath (More): Ree. Add. Abundant by the shore
south of Raheny, Co. Dublin, 1892; marshy hollows by the Grand
Canal, Hazelhatch, and by the Tolka river, Mulhuddart, 1893:
NV. C. 2893.—IX. Drumcliff, Sligo, 1897; Praeger.

Apparently absent from Cork and South Kerry; very rare in
distinctly inland stations such as Hazelhatch.

First found by Templeton, at Dublin Bay, in 1799.

10. T. procumbens Linn.—Hop Treforl.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Dry pastures and sandy and gravelly places ;,
frequent. 7. June-August.

11. T. dubium Sibth.—Small Yellow Trefoil.

T. minus Smith.
Hibernicée—Seampds (Shamrége).
Districts I, II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Pastures, waste places, walls, &c.; common, FY. May-August..
Sea-level to 1600 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).
Worn as the shamrock on St. Patrick’s Day in many parts of
Ireland—see under 7. repens.

12. T, filiforme Linn.—Slender Yellow Trefoil.

Districts I. — — IV. V. VI. — VU — X. xn —
Lat. 523°-55°. South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. Gravelly pastures, heathy places, and lawns; very:
rare. Fl, June-August.

I. Near Kenmare; Seafield, Tralee Bay; by Rahaneen Bay,
Ardfert; by the Shannon near Ballylongford, Kerry: R. W. 8. 2889.—
Trifolium. | LEGUMINOSZ. 89

IV. On the Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. At Arklow
(More): Rec. Add. Lawn at Kilmanock, Wexford, introduced:
B.-H. § M. 1892. At Carnsore Point and in sandy pastures near
Rosslare House, Wexford: Marshall 1898.—V. Killiney Hill and
Howth (Moore): Cyb. Curragh, Kildare; Praeger.—VI. In Co.
Clare: Herb. Moore.—VIII. Leenane, Galway: Babington 1836.—
X. At Tynan Abbey, Armagh (Stewart): Rec. Add.—XI. Glenalla,
Rathmullan, Donegal, perhaps introduced with grass seed: Hart

879.
ANTHYLLIS Linn.
1. A. Vulneraria Linn.— Kidney Vetch.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Sandy and gravelly banks and pastures, especially near the sea;
frequent. £l. June-August. Calcicole B.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Derry (Hart);
to 1450 ft. in Sligo (W. C.).

Vor. Ditrentt Schulte—I. At Ardgroom; More. Ballylickey,
near Bantry: Uack. Rar. Schull and Sherkin Island; Phillips.
II. Little Island: Flor. Cork.

LOTUS Linn.
1. L. corniculatus Linn.— Common Bird’ s-foot Trefoit.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Pastures and dry banks; common. /7/. May—August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Derry
(Oyb.); to 1600 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

Var. crasstrotrus Persoon — XII. Between Sydenham and
Tillysburn, Down, and at Kilroot, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
Rosses Bay on the Foyle, Derry (Mrs. Leebody): 8S. & P. 7895.

Var. vatosus Ser.—II. Near Mallow; RB. P. Vowell.

tL. tenuis Waldst. & Kit.

L. tenuifolius Reichb.

Districts — Il. — IV. V. — — — — — XI. XI.

Lat. 523°-553°. From South to North. ype, British-English.
Lowland. Grassy places; rare, and perhaps always introduced.

Fi, Tuly.
90 LEGUMINOS 2. | Lotus.

II. Waterford, 1858: Babington in Herb.—IV. Near Alderton
House, Wexford (Miss L. Glascott): B.-H. § G. 1889.—V. On the
edge of cliffs at Balscadden, Howth (2. P. Vowel): Flor, Howth.—
XI. In laid-down grass near Rossapenna hotel (Hart): Journ. of
Bot. 1892, p. 399-—X11. Railway bank near Larne, Antrim, 1869,
an alien (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

2. L. uliginosus Schkuhr—Greater Bird’ s-foot Trefoil.

L. major Smith.
Districts I. Il. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Damp pastures, ditch-sides, and moist bushy places; locally
abundant. #7. June-August.
Sea-level in N. Derry and S. Cork. To 850 ft. in Dublin (W.C.) ;
to 1000 ft. in Waterford (Har?).

ASTRAGALUS Linn.

1. A. hypoglottis Linn.— Purple Milk- Vetch.

A. danicus Retz.
Districts — — — — — VIE — — ~—~ — — —
Lat. 53° 5’'—58° 8’, Aran Isles only. Zype, Germanic-British.
Lowland. Sandy and rocky pastures; very rare. Fl. May—
June. °
_ VIL. On the largest of the South Isles of Aran [Aranmore]
(Messrs. R. Ball & Wm. Thompson): Flor. Hib. Abundant in
sandy pastures near Killeany and in rocky pastures near Kilmurvy,
Aranmore, 1892 (NW. C.): Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 370. On Inish-
maan or Middle Island in 1835 (R. Ball): Nat. Hist. Rev. 1858,
p. 13. At the edge of the cliffs at Dun Atngus, Aranmore:
Praeger 1895.
First discovered by Ball and Thompson in 1834.

ORNITHOPUS Linn.
1. 0. perpusillus Linn.— Bird’ s-foot.

Districts IL. — — IV. Vi —- —~ ~ ~ — ~ ~—
Lat. 514°-53}°. South and South-East. Zype, British-English.

Lowland. Sandy places and dry banks near the sea; very rare.
Fl. May-July.
Ornithopus. | LEGUMINOS.Z. 91

I. On rocks by the sea at Goleen near Crookhaven, 1896-97 ;
Phillips—IV. Sandy soil about Ballyconigar, Wexford: Carroll
1854.—V. Bare sandy pasture fields on the south side of the Hill
of Howth: Mack. Rar. Sutton side of the Hill of Howth in great
quantity: Flor. Hib. Dry banks at Carrickbrack and between the
Light House and Glenaveena, Howth: Flor. Howth.

First recorded by Mackay in 1806.

VICIA Linn.

1. + V. hirsuta Koch—Hairy Ture.
Ervum hirsutum Linn.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British-
English. .

Lowland. Cultivated fields, dry banks, and bushy places;
frequent. 7. June-August.

2. tV. tetrasperma Mcench—Smooth Tare.

V. gemella Crantza—Lrvum tetraspermum Linn.
Districts I. I. — — V. — VI. — — — — XI.
Lat. 512°-532°. Middle and South. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Fields and bushy places; veryrare. #7. June-August.

I. At Blackrock and Passage, Cork (Carroll): Cyb. Lower
Cove road, Kinsale, and potato field at the Old fort, Kinsale: Allin’s
Cork.—II. By the shore at Little Island (D. Murray): Flor. Cork.—
VY. Knockmaroon Hill (Mr. Johnston): Cyb.—still there in some
quantity in bushy places, 1895, and by the railway near Skerries,
1894; 4. C. Ann’s Brook, near Drogheda, Meath: Murphy
1829.—VII. In a cornfield near Mullingar (F. J. Foot): Cyb.
At Knock Drin, rare: Levinge r89g.—XII. Cornfields at Giant’s
Ring and by the Lagan canal below Shaw’s Bridge (C. Dickson),
introduced: Flor. N.-£.

But for its long presistence in a wild habitat at Knockmaroon this
species would seem hardly deserving of a place in the Irish Flora.

8. V. Cracea Linn.—Tufted Vetch.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Bushes, fields, and waste places; common. 7. June-August.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Dublin
(WV. C.); to 1200 it. in Tipperary (Hart).
92 LEGUMINOS &. [ Veer.

4. V. Orobus DC.— Wood Bitter Vetch.

Orobus sylvaticus Linn.

Districts — — — — — VI. VIL. VII. — — — Xu.
Lat. 53}°-542°. Galway, King’s Co., and Antrim. Type, Scottish-
Intermediate.

Rocky and bushy places; very rare. 7. June-August.

VI. On rough heathery moorland in several places round Castle
Lambert, near Athenry, 1888; Mrs. U. E. Joyce —VII. In a
wood within four miles of Cloughjordan, King’s Co.: For.
Hib.—VIII. Bilberry Island and other islands, Lough Corrib:
Wade Gallovid—Bilberry Island, 1897; Miss WU. F. Jackson. By a
mountain stream north of the Half-way House, Connemara:
Ogilby 1845.—XII. One large plant on the basaltic rocks of
Sallagh Braes, Antrim, 1878 (Stewart): Guide to Belfast 1874, and
seen again in the same station in 1882: B.W.F. C. Proce. 1882-83.

The record in Ray’s Synopsis, Ed. IT., 1696 :— Orobus sylva-
tieus nostras, found near Rostrevor, Dr. Sherard,’’ should perhaps be
referred to V. sylvatica, which grows at Rostrevor, where V. Orobus
has not been observed by any botanist subsequent to Sherard.

5. V. sylvatica Linn.— Wood Vetch.

Districts I. II. WII. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, Scottish-
British.

Bushy and rocky places; local and rather rare. F7. June—
August.

I. Abundant in the woods south of Ross Island, Killarney:
Wade. Rar. Rough Island and Ross Island, Killarney: R.W. 8.
1889. In a furze-brake near Bantry; by the Lee above Carrig-
rohan Castle, and—II. Wood by the Blackwater below Fermoy :
Drummond 1820. Ballybrittain, Cork: Herb. 7. Chandlee. Bally-
voyle Head and Mime Head, Co. Waterford: Hart 1883 B.—
III. Wilton, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.—IV. Devil’s
Glen, Wicklow: Flor. Hib. By the coast at Arklow Head,
Wicklow and south of Duffcarrig Rocks, Wexford: Hart 1881 a.—
Y. In a small wood on the banks of the Dodder near the Gap of
Ballinascorney: Mack. Cat. In hilly thickets between Dalkey and
the Malpas Obelisk: Wade Dubl. 1794. In thickets east slope of
Killiney Hill, 1894, probably the same station as Wade’s; WV. C.—
Vicia. | LEGUMINOS 2. 93

VI. Ringmoylan Wood, Limerick: Stewart 2890. Abundant. in
clefts of limestone crags near Caheracloghane Fort, south of Slieve
Elva, Clare, 1895; P. B. 0’ Kelly.— VIII. Streamstown, Connemara:
dr, Flor, Doon, at head of Lough Corrib (Prof. Melville): Cyb.—
IX. Ben Bulben, 1815: Templeton Journ. Cliffs at Glenade and
Arroo Mountain, Leitrim: B.§V. 1885. Near Houndswood,
Mayo; Miss M. I. Jackson.—X. Near Ballinmallard, Fermanagh:
Corry 1882. Isle Namanfin, Lough Ere: Barrington 1884.—
XI. Culdaff and Horn Head (C. Moore): Cyd. Glen behind
Moville (W. E#. Hart): Hart 1883. Ross Gull; Miss Kinahan.
Frequent along Donegal Bay: Hart 1883 y.—XII. In the wood of
Rostrevor, 1793 (Zempleton): Whitla MS. Banks by the sea near
Bloody Bridge, Down: 8S. ¢P. 1892. Garron Head; Magilligan;
Tor Head, and in numerous other stations in Antrim and Derry:
Cyb. § Flor. N.-£.

From sea-level to 700 ft. in Derry (Cyé.). To 1850 ft. in
Leitrim (B. § V.).

6. V. sepium Linn.— Bush Vetch.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Woods, hedges, and shady banks; common. Fi. May—July.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1850 ft. in Mayo (Hart).

7. V. angustifolia Roth—Warrow-leaved Vetch.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat: 514$°-553°. From South to North. Zype, British-English.
' Lowland. Sandy pastures and banks by the sea, also inland on
lake shores; frequent. 7. May—June.

Occurs in almost all of the maritime counties and inland by
Lough Neagh in Armagh, Antrim, and Derry.

8. V. lathyroides Linn.— Dwarf Spring Vetch.

Districts — — — IV. V. — — — — — XI. XI.
Lat. 523°-552°. East and North coasts. Zype, British-English.
Lowland. Sandy or gravelly pastures near the sea; very rare.
Fl, April-May.
IV. Arklow sands, Wicklow, 1894 (R. W. 8.): Ir. Nat. 1895.—
V. Sandy field near Kilbarrack Church: Mack. Cat. Banks at the
sea-shore from Clontarf to Howth and about the Lots, North Wall :
94 LEGUMINOS&. [ Vicia.

Ir. Flor, Sandhills at Baldoyle (More): Cyb.—and in 1885; N.C.
On the Cosh, Sutton: Flor. Howth. East side of Lambay Island :
Hart 1883 y.—XI. Dunaff Head, Donegal (Hart): Rec. Add.
Sandy ground at Stroove: Hart 1883.—XII. Gravelly bank on the
shore at Three-mile-water Point near Carrickfergus, 1808: Zemple-
ton MS. Sandy shore at Ballyholme, Down, 1829 (G@. C. Hyndman) :
Flor, N.-E. Ballycastle: Flor, Uist. Sand-hills at Magilligan,
Derry (Moore): Cyb.—still there (Mrs. Leebody): 8. § P. 1895.
Warren at Donaghadee, Down, and frequent on sandy shores thence
to Ballywalter (Stewart): Ree. Add. §& Flor, N.-E.  Ballyma-
cormick Point, Down (Praeger); Cushendun, Antrim (Rev. S. A.
Brenan): 8. & P. 1895.

LATHYRUS Linn.

1. L. pratensis Linn.— Meadow Vetchling.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. Zyye, British.

Meadows, damp pastures, and bushy places; common. FV.
June-August.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8S. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Dublin
(WN. C.).

2. L. palustris Linn.— Blue Marsh Vetchling.

Districts — — — IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. — xm.
Lat. 53°-543°. Middle and North Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Marshy meadows; very local. FV. June—J uly.

IV. Ditch banks by the sea beyond Dunganstown, Wicklow,
1849 (Mr. Rollins): Mackay 1859. Marshy fields near the
Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.—YV. Plentiful on the shore
of Lough Sheelin, Meath: Praeger 1897.—VI. By the Shannon at
Portumna, Galway (Moore): Cyb.—VII. Banks of the river Inny
and marshy meadows around Lough Ree: B.§V. 1887. North-
west corner of Lough Owel, Westmeath, very luxuriant: Levinge
7894.—IX. Several places on the west side of the Shannon near
Athlone, &.: B.gV. 7887. Lough Key, Roscommon, 1897;
Praeger.—X. Abundantly on the shores of Lough Erne, in the
counties of Fermanagh and Cavan (Moore): Cyb. Plentiful on the
shores of Upper Lough Erne near Belleisle House: Barrington
1884. Island in Lough Neagh near Maghery [Scawdy Island,
Tyrone] Rev. G. Robinson: Flor. Ulst.—but now extinct. Tslets
Lathyrus.} LEGUMINOS 2. 95

in Closet River, Co. Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett): Flor. N.-#.—still
there in abundance on islets at the mouth of the river and also on
its banks half a mile from the mouth: Praeger 1893. In drains to
the west of where the canal enters Lough Neagh, and—XII. In
drains at Selchin: Herb. Moore. Not seen in Antrim for perhaps
40 or 50 years and probably extinct through drainage: Flor. N.-E.

3. L. maritimus Bigel.—Sea Pea.

Pisum maritimum Linn.
Districts I. — — — — ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ —
Lat. 52° 5’. Kerry only. Type, Doubtful or Local.

Pebbly sea-shores; very rare or perhaps extinct. #7. July—
August.

I. “They grow annually on the south point of Inch Island in
the Bay of Castlemain in considerable quantities” : Smith's Kerry
r756. ‘‘I found this on the sand-hills, Bay of Castlemain, in
August, 1804”: Mack. Rar. A specimen from this locality,
labelled in Mackay’s handwriting: ‘‘Sand-hills, Bay of Castlemain,
1804,” is preserved in the herbarium of Admiral Jones in the Science
and Art Museum, Dublin. Another specimen, labelled: ‘‘Sand-
hills, Killorglin Bay, 1845,” appears in a collection of plants of the,
district made by a coastguard named John Reilly, and purchased
by Mr. R. M. Barrington (Journ. of Bot. 2877, p. 779). A third
specimen from Mr. Arthur Bennett’s herbarium is labelled: ‘‘ Hx
herbarto Guglielmi Andrews. . . . Rosbegh, Kerry, July, 1841.”
There appears, however, to be no specimen extant gathered later
than 1845, and -careful search made along the northern shore of
Castlemain Bay by Mr. H. C. Hart in 1883 and along the southern
shore by R. W. S. in 1888 has failed to discover any trace of the
plant, which has, perhaps, become extinct through a change in the
form of the coast.

4, L. macrorrhizus Wimm.— Heath Pea.

LL. montanus Bernh.— Orobus tuberosus Linn.
Districts I. Il. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Heathy and bushy places, chiefly in hilly districts; frequent.
Fl. May-July. Calcifuge A.
To 1550 ft. in Donegal and to 1600 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).
Var. tenurroitus Reich. fil._IV. Near Wooden Bridge, Wicklow;
96 LEGUMINOS 2. [ Lathyrus.

R.W.S.—VILIL. Near Leenane, Galway, 1894; Rev. W. Colgan.—
XII. Rostrevor, Down: S.¢ P. r892. Purdysburn and Knock
(Stewart) and other stations in Down: Flor, N.-E.

ORDER XXI.—ROSACEZ.
PRUNUS Linn.

1. P. spinosa Linn.— Blackthorn.
Hibernicé Opargean (Dhree-ann).
Districts I. IJ. IMI. IV. V. VI. VI. VIII. IX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 513°-543°. Throughout Ireland. Tyype, British.
Thickets, hedges, and rocky places; common. V7. April-May.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 800 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1200 ft. in Sligo (B. gV.).

* P. insititia Linn.—Bullace.

Districts I. II. III. — V. VI. VII. VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-55°. From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. Woods and hedges; rare. #/. April-May.

I. Derrynane Wood, Kerry; 2. WV. S—II. Near Clonmel (Miss
S. Grubb): Cyb.—III. Ballinalina, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden):
Cyb.—V. Santry Wood: Jr. Flor—VI. In rocky clefts in the
great Island of Aran, Galway Bay (LZ. Ogilby): Cyb..—VII. Road-
side hedges near Knock Drin, Westmeath: Jinton 2896.—
VIII. Bilberry Island, Lough Corrib: Wade Rar.—X. Artigarvan,
Tyrone (Dr. Sigerson): Rec. Add.—XI. Ned’s Point, Buncrana,
and Ballymacgowan, Fanet: Hart 288r B.— XII. Rostrevor Wood,
Down: Jr. Flor, Frequent in many parts of Antrim and Derry
(Moore): Cyb. Knock Glen and hedges at Drumbo, Ballymaleidy
and between Ballywalter and Grey Abbey (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
May be considered naturalized in this district: S.§ P. 2895.

Probably planted in the majority of the preceding stations;
but further information is much needed as to the standing of this
plant in Ireland.

2. +P. avium Linn.— Wild Cherry.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. — VIT. — IX. X. XI. XI
Lat. 52°-55°. From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. "Woods and hedges; not common and usually in
‘suspicious situations. 7. April-May.
Prunus. | ROSACEA. 97

I. Killarney (Moore): Cyb.—II. By the Blackwater, in woods ;
‘rather general: Flor, Cork.—III. Kilmacow (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.
Near Ferrybank, Kilkenny: If. & 8. 1896.—IV. and V. Frequent
in Wicklow and Dublin (Moore): Cyb.—VII. Old wood at Knock
Drin, Westmeath: Levinge 1894.—IX. Near Athlone: B.& V.
-- 1887.—X. Lower Holy Hill, Tyrone (Dr. Sigerson): Rec. Add.
.. About Blaney Bay, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.—XI. Not in-
frequent in hedges in Donegal and abundant in some parts, as at
‘* Pettigoeand Rathmelton; Hart— XII. Among alder and other native
trees on the margin of Lough Neagh: Templeton US. Glen of
the Crumlin river, Antrim (Corry); Dundonald Glen, Down
(Stewart); natural in glens, planted in hedges: Flor. W.-E.
Perhaps native in North Ireland; introduced elsewhere.

 

3. *P. Cerasus Linn.— Dwarf Cherry.

Districts I. II. II. — V. — VII. VIII. — X. XI. XII.

Thickets, hedges, and plantations; rare and nowhere native.
Fi. April-May.

I. In South Cork (J. Sullivan): Cyb.—II. At Blarney Lake
and by the Lee at Leemount: Flor. Cork. THallahan’s Rock,
Fermoy (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.—III. At Maryborough; Praeger.—
V. Hedges near Carrickmines; at Kiltiernan; at Walshestown,
Naul hills, and elsewhere in the Co. Dublin, perhaps naturalized in
some of its stations; WV. C.—VII. Knock Drin woods, Westmeath
(Levinge) : Linton z896.—VIII. In the demesne of Col. Knox Gore
at Ballina (Moore): Cyb.—X. Hedges near Loughgall, Armagh,
not wild: More z860.—XI1. In the townland of Muff, Donegal
(€. Moore): Cyb. In hedges, occasionally in a half wild con-
dition, in Co. Donegal; Hart—XII. Among native trees on the
shores of Lough Neagh: Zempleton MS. At Draperstown and by
the side of the Curley Burn, Derry, 1835: Moore US. Glendun
and Rasharkin and several other places in Antrim, Down, and
Derry (Praeger), appearing naturalized in some of its stations:
S. § P. 1895.

Like P. insititia, a plant whose proper standing in Ireland it is
hardly possible to determine with the available information.

4, P. Padus Linn.— Bord Cherry.
Districts — — — — — VI. VII. — Ix. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 533-554°. North Ireland, chiefly. Type, Scottish.
Lowland ? Thickets in damp, rocky places; rare. FV. May-June.
H
98 ROSACEZ. [ Prunus.

VI. Sparingly on the banks of the Suck near Ballinasloe: Foot
1865. In profusion in an old wood at Clonbrock, Co, Galway:
Praegér 1896.—VII. Glenstal, Co. Limerick (C. B. Barrington) :
Hart 1881 y. Knock Drin woods: Levinge 189g.—IX. Larkfield,
Leitrim (Admiral Jones); in Sligo and Leitrim (J. Wynne): Cyb.
A single tree on the shore of Lough Achree, Ox Mountains, Sligo :
N.C. 1896.—X. Woods at Favour Royal, Tyrone: Hart 2887.
Roadside at Cooneen, N. Fermanagh ; Rev. W. J. Browne.—XI. Min-
tiaghs, Inishowen, 18389: Herb. C. Moore. Abundant by the river
Finn from Lifford to the Reelan water: Hart 1885 y. Termon
river above Pettigoe; river between Ardara and Glenties: Hart
1886.—XII. Glenarm deer-park and on limestone rocks at Sallagh
Braes, Antrim: Zempleton MS.—still there in 1874: Flor. N.-E.
Carnlough Glen (Mr. Hyndman): Flor. Ulst.—and still there about
1887: Flor. N.-#. Low glens in Glensheisk, Antrim: Jr. Flor.—
one or two small trees here in 1898: Shoolbred 189g. On the
banks of the Faughan below Cumber, Co. Derry: Templeton US.
By the rivers Faughan, Roe, and Agivey, Derry, 1835: Moore US.

Undoubtedly native in North Ireland; but nowhere abundant

and apparently decreasing.

SPIRZA Linn.
1. S. Ulmaria Linn.— Yeadow- Sweet.

Hibernicé Aipsiod luacpa (Atr-t-good loo-ack-ra), Silver of Rushes.
Districts I. I. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIIL. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Damp meadows and borders of streams and ditches; common.
Ft, June-August.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Sligo
(B. § V.); to 2800 ft. in Kerry (WY. C.).

2. §. Filipendula Linn.—Dropwort.

Districts — — — — — WR —~ — ~ — ~ ~
Lat. 58°—58° 5’. Galway and Clare. Zype, English-Germanic.
Lowland. Calcareous pastures; very local. Ff. June—July.
VI. “It grows . . . wild in the barony of Burrin”’: K Eogh
7735. In county Galway near Gort and in the Marquis of
Clanricarde’s demesne at Portumna (Moore): Phytol. 1845, p. 130.
By a lake near Glencolumbkill, Co. Clare, 1851: O' Mahony 1860.
Sptrea. | ROSACEA, 99

Abundant through Glencolumbkill (F. J. Foot) and in several places.
thence towards Gort, Co. Galway (G. 4. Kinahan): Foot 1862.
Boston, North Clare; P. B. O’ Kelly. Garryland, Gort: More 7855.

RUBUS Linn.
1. R. Ideus Linn.— Raspberry.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Woods, thickets, and rocky places; frequent and locally
abundant. 7. June-July. Calcifuge O. —

Var, asprrrimus Lees.—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath: Linton
1896.

Sea-level in Derry and S. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Derry (Cyb.) ;
to 1800 ft. in Leitrim (1V. C.); to 1700 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

2. R. fruticosus’ Linn. (Aggregate)—Bramble; Blackberry.

Hibernicé Opp (Dhriss).
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Hedges, thickets, heaths, &c.; very common. #7. July-
September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and §. Cork. To 1400 ft. in Down
(8S. & P.); to 1200 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).

Grover I—Suberecti.
R. suberectus Anders.

Districts — II. — — — — VII. VII. — — XI. XI.
II. On the Millstreet mountains, Cork ( Carroll): Allin’s Cork.—
VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath: Levinge z894¢.—VIII. At Headford,
Galway: Flor. Hib.—XI. By the Finn and near Pettigoe: Hart
1885 y.—XII. Deer Park, Limavady, Derry (Moore): Cyd.
R. rissus Lindl.i—l. Near Schull, Cork, 1896; Phillips.—
VII. At Drinmore, Westmeath: Levinge 1894.—XII. By the

 

1In the following arrangement of the Irish fruticose Rubi, an attempt has
been made to subordinate the more critical or local forms to those which are
more distinct or wide-spread. Specialists who may be unable to accept this
tentative aggregation will at least find in these pages full details as}'to the
distribution of the numerous segregates which have been detected in Ireland.

H2
100 ROSACEZ. [ Rubus.

Foyle, Derry (Moore): Cyd. By Carrickmannan lake, near
Saintfield, Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

R. plicatus Wh. & N.

Districts I. — — — V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. — XIL

I. Near Clonakilty, Cork (Babington): Allin’s Cork. Bally-
dehob, South Cork, 1896; Phillips—vV. In Co. Meath (Moore):
Cyb.—VI. Clonbrock, E. Galway ; Praeger —VIII. and IX. South
of Lough Mask: If. § S. z896.—X. Church Hill, Armagh: Praeger
1893.—XII. Kilrea, Derry (Moore): Cyd. Aughnadaragh near
Saintfield, Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell): S. & P. 1895.

Var, nemistemon (P. J. Muell.\—VIII. By the river at Maam,
Galway: U. & S. 1896.—X. Near White Island, Lough Erne:
Barrington 1884.

R. wiripus Wh. §& N.—IX. Shores of Lough Allen: Stewart
1885.—XII. Margin of Altnadua Lake, Down: S. & P. 1892.

R. opacus Focke—VII. Crooked Wood, Lough Derevaragh,
Westmeath : Linton 1896.

R. Roezrstr Linton—XII. In Saintfield demesne and by
Aughnadaragh Lake, Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell): 8. & P. 1895.

R. afinis Wh. & N.

Districts I — — — — — —~ ~—~ ~—~ ~ — =
I. Killarney, Kerry (Babington): Cyb.
R. caniEensis Rip. & Genev—IV. Near Wexford: Marshall 1896.

Group IJ—Rhamnifolii.
R. carpinifolius Wh. & N.

Districts I. — — — V. — VII. VIII — — XI. XII.

I. Turk mountain ‘and Derrynane, Kerry (Babington): Cyb.—
V. Howth, Co. Dublin (Herb. J. Ball): Focke r89z.— VII. Crooked
‘Wood, Lough Derevaragh, Westmeath: Linton 1896.—VIII. Maam,
Galway: Babington 1836. Inishbofin: More 1876.— XI. Blue
Stack mountains; Hart,— XII. By the Lagan canal, Belfast:
Corry 1882, Cave Hill; Glenshesk; and Rathlin Island (Stewart) :
Flor. N.-E. Plentiful in Moygannon Glen, Down: 8. & P. 1892.

R. incurvarus Bab.—IV. Near Wexford: Marshall 1896.—
VII. Knock Drin woods, Westmeath: Levinge r895.—VIII. Near
Clonbur: Marshall 1896.
Rubus, | ROSACEA, 101

R. Lindletanus Lees,

Districts — — III. — — — VII. VIII. IX. X. — XII,

II. Ferrybank, Kilkenny: If. & S. 1896.—VII. Knock Ross,
Westmeath : Levinge 1894. VIII. and IX. South of Lough Mask :
M. § 8. 1896.—X. Near Lurgan and Armagh: Praeger 1893.—
XII. In Aghaderg parish, Down (Rev. H. W. Lett): 8. & P. 1895.
Glenariff and Glendun: Shoolbred 189g. Ballinderry, Derry :
Brenan 1895.

R. exyrarinvs Genev.— VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath : Levinge
1895.—IX. South of Lough Mask: If § S. 7896.—XII. Ballin-
derry, Co. Derry: Brenan 1895.

R. rhamnifolius Wh. & N.

Districts — — — IV. V. — VII. VII — X. — XII.

IV. At Rosslare, Wexford: Marshall 1896.—V. Clontarf and
Balbriggan, Co. Dublin, and Mornington, Co. Meath: Praeger
1894.—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath : Levingez895.—VIII. Above
Lough Inagh, Connemara (Herb. J. Ball): Focke r8gz. Maam and
Clonbur: I. & 8S. 2896.—X. Near Armagh: Praeger 1893.—
XII. Between Belfast and Hollywood, Down; Magilligan, Derry
(Herb. J. Ball): Focke 189. Gilenariff and Glendun, Antrim:
Shoolbred 1894.

R. pumnoniensts Bab. —III. Ferrybank, Kilkenny, and—
VIII. Maam, Galway: IL & S. 1896.

R. pulcherrimus Neum.

Districts — — — IV. V. — — VIII. IX. — — XII.

IV. Lough Dan, Wicklow, and—V. Mornington, Meath; and
Glenasmole and Balbriggan, Dublin : Praeger z89g.— VIII. Maam
and Clonbur, and—IX. Cong: U.§ 8. 1896.—XII. Lisdalgan,
Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell): Stewart r894. Cave Hill: Glenariff;
Glendun, &., Antrim: Shoolbred 1894. Ballinderry, Co. Derry:
Brenan 1895.

R. wemonatis P. J. Muell.— XII. By the White Water at
Donard, Down, and by the Ghann river, Down: 8. § P. 1895.

To 1000 ft. in Dublin (2. pulcherrimus) ; Praeger.

R. villicaulis Koehl.

Districts I. II. — — V. VI. — VIII. IX. &. XI. XII.
I. Killarney, and—II. Waterford (Babington): Cyb.—V. In
Co. Meath (Moore): Cyb—VI. Near Six-Mile Bridge, Clare:
102 ROSACEA. [ Rubus.

Stewart 1890.—VIII. Inishbofin : More 1876. Maam, Connemara
(Babington) : Cyb.—IX. Lough Allen : Stewart 1885.—X. Lough
Neagh and Newry, Armagh: Praeger 1803.—XII. Bushmills,
Antrim (Babington): Cyb.  Glenariff and Glendun: Shoolbred
1894. Ballinderry, Co. Derry: Brenan 1895.

Var. Setmert (Lindeb.) — VIII. and IX. Frequent about
Clonbur and Cong: Marshall 1896.—X. Tanderagee, Armagh ;
Rev. H.W. Lett.—XI. Carrick; F. J. Hanbury.—XII. In several
stations in Antrim, Down, and Derry: S. § P. 7895, &e.

Var. catvatus (Bloz.)—XI. Pettigoe, Donegal : Hart 1885 y.

R. nnomerronros Weihe—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath ; Linton.

R. erarus Focke—X. Ballymore, Armagh, 1894; Rev. H. W.
Lett.—XII. Glendun, Antrim (Rev. H. W. Lett): 8.§ P. 1895.

Group II1I—Discolores.

R. rusticanus Mere.
R. discolor Wh. & N.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XT. XI.
The commonest, perhaps, of all the Irish fruticose Rub: and
especially abundant on calcareous soils in the lowlands.

R. pubescens Weihe.
Districts — — ~—~ — — a Se SS EE

XII. Carrickmannan near Saintfield, Down (Rev. C. H.
Waddell): S.& P. 1895.

R. arcentarus P. J. Muell—_IX. Near Cong: I. § 8. 1896.

Grove [V—Silvatici.
R. silvaticus Wh. & N.

Districts — — — IV. VY. — — — — — — XII
. IV. Lough Dan, Wicklow, and—V. Howth, Dublin: Praeger
1894.—XII. Between Milltown and Clonallen, Down (Rev. A. W.
Lett): S.& P. 1895.

R. Sarrert Bab.— VIII. Cromlyn, Connemara ; £. F. Linton.—
X. Newry, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. At Shrigley, Down
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

R. wesperrus Rogers—VIII. Oughterard; Maam; Cong and
Clonbur, Co. Galway (Marshall & Shoolbred): Journ, of Bot. 1896,

p. 505, where this is described as a new species or variety by Rev.
W. Moyle Rogers.
Rubus. | ROSACEA, 103

R. macrophyllus Wh. & N.

Districts: 1, U1. I, TY, V. VI. VOL, — IX, &, == Xin

I. Killarney (Babington): Oyb. Glengariff and Kenmare:
Druce 1891.—II. At Cork Beg; Phellips.—III. Maryborough,
Queen’s Co.—IV. Luggelaw, Wicklow, and—V. Howth, Co. Dublin:
Praeger 1894.—V1. Doonbeg, Clare: Stewart 1890.—VII. Port-
arlington, King’s Co.: Praeger z894.—IX. Lough Allen: Stewart
1885.—XII. Black Mountain, Antrim (Rev. W. U. Hind): Cyb.
Several stations in Down, Antrim and Derry: Flor. W.-E.

Var, scHLECHTENDALIL (Wethe)—I. Killarney, and—IV. Wick-
low (Babington): Cyb. Near Wexford: Marshall 1896.—V. Kelly’s
Glen and Balbriggan, Dublin: Praeger z89g.—VII. Knock Ross,
Westmeath : Levinge 1894.—X. Near Newry, Armagh: Praeger
1893.—XII. Near Castle Espie, Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Var, awpurricatus (Lees)—IV. Enniskerry, Wicklow: Praeger
1894.—VII. Knock Ross, Westmeath: Levinge 1894.— XII. Carn-
money near Belfast (G. Tate): Flor. Belf.

R. panicus Focke.—IV. Near Wexford, and—IX. South of
Lough Mask: Marshall 1896.

R. reicus Rogers—I. Ballydehob, and—II. Near Whitegate;
Phillips VIII. Maam and Oughterard, and—IX. South-east of
Lough Mask (Marshall § Shoolbred): Journ. of Bot. 1896, p. 506,
where this is described by Rev. W. Moyle Rogers as a new species
or variety.

R. Sprengelii Weihe.
Districts — Il. TT IV. — — — — — — — —

II. Near Mitchelstown, Cork; Phillips—III. Furze-clad hill

above Ferrybank, Kilkenny: I. § S. 1896.—IV. Sparingly about
two miles west of Wexford: Marshall 1896.
’ R. porrerr Bell-Salt.—IV. In several spots near Wexford:
Marshall 1896.—V. Slieve Thoul, Brittas, Co. Dublin; 4.C.—
VIII. Maam, Co. Galway: Ug S. 12896.—X. By the Dundalk
road a mile from Newry, Armagh: Praeger 1893.

R. micans Gren. & Godr.—V. Howth, Co. Dublin: Praeger
1894.—XII. Ballinderry, Co. Derry: Brenan 1895.

To 1200 ft. in Dublin (R&. Borrert); N.C.

R. pyramidalis Kalt.
Districts — — — IV. V. — VII. VIII. TX. X. — XIL
IV. Glendalough and Lough Dan, Wicklow, and—V. Monas-
terevan, Kildare; and Carrickmines; Glenasmole, &c., Dublin :
104 ROSACEA. [ Rubus.

Praeger 1894.—VI1. Knock Ross, Westmeath : Levinge 1894.—
VIII. Locally abundant near Clonbur, and—IX. Banks of Lough
Corrib near Cong: Uv. & 8.7896. Near Dromore West, Sligo,
1896; WV. C—X. Near Lurgan, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—
XII. Newtownards, Down, and near Belfast (Stewart): Mor. N.-E.
| BR. merrorvs Muell. §& Wirt—III. Plentiful at Ferrybank,
Kilkenny: Uf. & S. 7896.—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath: Linton
1896.—VIII. By Lough Corrib about three miles west of Cong:
WVarshall 1896.—1X. Common round Lough Allen : Stewart 1885.—
XII. Aghaderg, Down; Rev. H. W. Lett.

R. Drevert Jens. — XII. Saintfield, Co. Down (Rev. C. H.
Waddell): Journ. of. Bot. 7897.

R. Leysnvs Rogers—IV. Near Wexford: Marshall 1896.—
X. Ballymore, Co. Armagh (as R. Drejert) Rev. H. W. Lett:
Praeger 1893.

To 1000 feet in Dublin (2. pyramidalis); Praeger.

R. leucostachys Schleich.

R. vestitus Weihe.
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. — XII.
I. Near Killarney (Babington): Cyb. Schull, South Cork,
1896; Phillips—II. Fermoy (7. Chandiee): Allin’s Cork. At
Whitegate, 1897; Phillips—III. Abundant at Ferrybank, Kil-
kenny: I. & S. 7896. Maryborough, Queen’s Co., and—IV. Ennis-
corthy, Wexford: Praeger 1894. Frequent by roadsides about
Wexford: Marshall 1896.—V. Monasterevan, Kildare, and Kelly’s
Glen, Dublin: Praeger 1894.—VI. Between Kilrush and Moyne
Point, Clare: Stewart z890.— VII. Knock Ross, Westmeath:
Linton 1896.—VIII. Connemara (Babington): Cyb. Maam and
Oughterard: I. & S. 7896.—IX. Lough Allen and Lough Scur,
Leitrim: Stewart 1885. Clonbur and Cong: MU. & 8. 7896.—
X. Near Lurgan, Armagh: Praeger 7893.—XII. Cave Hill near
Larne, and in Glenariff, Antrim: Shoolbred 1894. Ballinderry,
Co. Derry: Brenan 7895.

Grove V—Egregii.
BR. mucronatus Blox.

Districts — — — —-V. — VIL — IX. X. — XII.
V. Howth and Foxrock, Co. Dublin: Praeger 1894.—
VII. Knock Drin, &c., Westmeath: Linton 1896.—IX. Wooded
Rubus, | ROSACEA. 105:

banks of Lough Corrib, Mayo: IL. § S. 2896.—X. Near Armagh:
Praeger 1893.—XI1. Whiterock near Belfast (Stewart): Flor,
N.-E. Saintfield, Co. Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell): 8. & P, 1895.

R. Borazanus Genev.—XII. Whinny Hill, Aghaderg, Down;
Rev. H.W. Lett.
' BR. Gerermm Frider.—vV. Brackenstown, Co. Dublin; WV. C.—
XII. Aghaderg Glebe, Loughbrickland, Down (Rev. H. W. Lett):
8. & P. 1895.

R. anetosaxonicus Gelert — X. Tartaraghan and Newry,
Armagh: Praeger 1893.

R. uvresrus Weihe—V. Ballybetagh, Co. Dublin; W. C.—
XII. Cross to Carnabridge and Portrush, Derry; Bazley.

Group VI—Radule.
R. radula Weihe.

Districts I. — — — VY. — VII — — X. — XII,

X. Ballymore, Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—
XII. Connswater, Down, and Black Mountain, Antrim (Stewart):
Flor. N.-H. Glenariff and Glendun: Shoolbred 1894. Ballinderry,
Co. Derry : Brenan 1895.

Vor. ecutnatorpes Rogers—I. At Muckross, Kerry; Rev. A.
Ley.—V. Walshestown and Ballyboghil, Co. Dublin; W. C.—
VII. Knock Body, Westmeath: Linton 1896.—XII. Aghaderg,
Down, and Glenarm, Antrim; Rev. H. W. Lett.

R. xcutwatvs Lindl.—v. Balbriggan, Co. Dublin: Praeger
1894. Abundant at Walshestown, Naul hills, Co. Dublin, 1895 ;
W.C.—XII. Cave Hill; Glenariff; and Glendun, Antrim: Shoolbred
1894.

B. oreoctapos Muell. & Lefv.—R. Newbouldit Bab.—II, Near
Mitchellstown, Cork, 1897; Phdllips—V. On Seecawn mountain,
Dublin; WV. C.—VII. Crooked Wood, Lough Derevaragh, West-
meath: Linton 1896.—XII. Kilrea, Derry (Moore): Cyb.

To 1250 ft. in Dublin (BR. otgoclados); NV. C.

R. rudis Wh. & N.

Districts — — — IV. VY. -—- -— — -— —_7 XII.
TV. Wicklow (More): Cyb.—V. New Grange, Co. Meath
(Babington): Cyb.—XII. Aghaderg, Loughbrickland, Down (Rev.
H.W. Lett): 8.% P, 1895.
106 ROSACEZ, [-Rubus.

R. Bloxamit Lees.

Districts — — — — — — — VI. — — — XI.

VIII. By Lough Corrib, south-west of Cong; Rev. E. 8.
Marshall —XIl. Black mountain, near Belfast: Babington, Brit.
Rubi.

R. scaber Wh. & N.

Districts — — — IV. V. — VII. VIII. — X. — XII.

IV. Glendalough, Wicklow, and—V. Clontarf, Co. Dublin, and
Mornington, Meath: Praeger 1894.—VII. Crooked Wood, Lough
Derevaragh, Westmeath: Linton z896.—VIII. About Clonbur and
shore of Lough Corrib, west of Cong: Marshall r896.—X. Lurgan
and Newry, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. Aghaderg, Lough-
brickland, Down (Rev. H. W. Lett): S.§ P. 1895.

R. Bazrneronn Bell-Salt.—VIII. Between Clonbur and Mount
Gable, Galway: Uf. § 8S. 1896.—XII. Ballintaggart, Co. Down ;
Rev. H. W. Lett.

R. osscurvs Kalt—IV. Roadside spinney, about two miles
west of Wexford; Rev. £. S. Marshall.

R. fuscus Wh. & N.

Districts — — — — V. — VII. VIII. IX. — — XIL

V. Howth and Balbriggan, Co. Dublin: Praeger 1894.—
VII. Knock Drin and Knock Ross, Westmeath: Levinge 1894.—
VIII. and IX. Frequent about Clonbur and Cong: Marshall
1896.—XII. In Aghaderg parish, Co. Down (Rev. H. W. Lett):
S.g P. 1895.

Var. macrostacuys (P. J. Muell.).—V. Slieve Thoul, Co. Dub-
lin; W. C._—VII. Knock Ross, Westmeath: Linton 1896.

To 900 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).

R. foliosus Wh. & N.

R. Gunthert Weihe (Bab. Man.\—R. flexuosus P. J. Muell,
Districts — — — — — — — — — — — XII
XII. By the road from Garvagh to Kilrea, Derry (Moore):
Cys. By a stream in Tollymore Park, Down (Stewart): Flor, N.-E.
R. apornatus P. J. Muell,—VIII. Near Clonbur and near
Cong, Galway; Rev. E. S. Marshall.
Rubus. | ROSACEA. 107

Grove VII—Keehleriani.

R. rosaceus Wh. & N.

Districts I. — — — VY. VI. VIL — — — — Xu.

I. Killarney '(Babington): Cyb.—V. By the Kilakee river,
€o. Dublin; WV. C_—VI. Near Rinekirk, Limerick: Stewart 1890.—
VII. Ladiston, Mullingar (Moore): Cyd.— XII. Near Maralin,
Down (Rev. H. W. Lett): 8. § P. 1895.

Var, axsreix (Wh. & N.)—I. Killarney (Babington): Cyb. Glen-
gariff: Druce r89r1.—V. Carrickmines and Three Rock Mountain,
Dublin: Praeger 1894.—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath: Zénton
1896.—XII. Glenariff, Antrim: Shoolbred 1894.

To 1100 ft. in Dublin (R. rosaceus); N.C.

R. Kehlert Wh. & N.

Districts I. II. — —- V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. — XII.

I. Killarney (Babington): Cyb.—II. Fermoy, Cork (2. Chand-
lee): Allin’s Cork.—V. Kelly’s Glen, Dublin: Praeger r894.—
VI. Wood at Foynes, Limerick: Stewart z890.—VIII. Between
Clonbur and Mount Gable, and at Oughterard, Galway: 1. & 8S.
1896.—X. Frequent in Co. Fermanagh: Stewart 1882. Tandera-
gee, Armagh; Rev. H. W. Lett— XII. Carnmoney near Belfast
(G. Tate): Cyb. Newcastle, Down: S.¢P.z892. Gilenariff and
Glendun, Antrim: Shoolbred 189g.

Var. patiurpus Bab. —I. Killarney (Babington): Cyb. —
IX. Lough Allen: Stewart 1885.—X. Tanderagee, Armagh ;
Rev. H. W. Lett XII. Sydenham (Corry) and Cregagh, Down
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Var. coenarus (IV. £. Br.)—VIII. West side of Lough Mask,
and— IX. South of Lough Mask in Mayo: M.S. 1896.—
XII. Ballintaggart and Whinny Hill, Down; Rev. H. W. Lett.

Grove VIII—Bellardiani.
R. hirtus Wh. & N.

Districts — — — IV. — VI. VIL — — — — XII.
VI. Kilasolan near Clonbrock, Galway: Praeger 1897. —
VII. Knock Drin and Knock Ross, Westmeath : Linton 1896.
Vor. Katrenzpacuit (Metsch.)—XII. Ballintaggart, Aghaderg,
Down (Rev. H. W. Lett): 8. P. 2895.
108 ROSACEA. [ Rubus.

Var. nvsiarnosus (P. J. Muell.\—IV. Abundant to the west and
north-west of Wexford: Marshall 1896.

R. saxtcotus P. J. Uuell.—_IV. Lough Dan, Co. Wicklow, and—
V. Raheny; Three Rock Mountain; and Foxrock, Co. Dublin:
Praeger 1894.

R. virwis Kalt.—IV. Altadore Glen, Wicklow: Praeger 1894.

R. Betrarvn Wh. & N.—I. Killarney (Babington): Cyb.

Grove [X—Ceesii.

R. dumetorum Wh. & N.

Districts — — III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. — — — XII.

III. Ferrybank, Kilkenny: Mg S. 1896.—IV. Roadsides
about Wexford: Marshall 1896.—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath :
Levinge r894.—VIII. Oughterard and Clonbur, Galway: I. & S.
1896.—The foregoing records are chiefly for R. ferox (Weihe) taken
as type.

Vor. prversrrotius (Lindl.)—III. Portarlington, Queen’s Co.,
and—IV. Luggelaw, Wicklow; Praeger.—V. Monasterevan, Kil-
dare: Praeger 1894.—XII. Aghaderg parish, Down (Rev. H. W,
Lett): 8. & P. 1895.

Var. tusercutatus Bab.—R. scabrosus P. J. Muell.—III. By

the river at Kilkenny (Babington): Cyb. Near Portarlington,
Queen’s Co., and—V. Raheny, Co. Dublin; Praeger. New Grange,
Meath (Babington): Cyb—VI. Wood at Foynes, Limerick :
Stewart 1890.-XII. By the Lagan canal near Belfast (Stewart) :
Flor. N.-£.
' Var, vascicuratus P. J. Muell. — R. purpureus Bab.—
VIII. Roundstone, Connemara (Prof. Oliver): Cyb.—XII. Brett’s
Glen, Down (Moore): Cyb. At Comber; Newtownards; and Down-
patrick, Down; near Ardtrea, Derry (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

R. corylifolius Smith.

R. sublustris Lees.
Districts — — III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. — XII,

TIT. At Ferrybank, Kilkenny: UM. § S. 1896. Maryborough,
Queen’s Co.—IV, Enniskerry, Co. Wicklow, and—v. Balbrig-
gan; Raheny; and Carrickmines, Co. Dublin: Praeger 1894.—
VI. Patrick’s Well and frequent from Askeaton to Foynes, Co.
Limerick: Stewart 1890.—VII. Knock Drin woods, Westmeath :
Levinge 1895.—VIII. Roundstone ( Prof. Oliver): Cyb.—IX. Cong,
Rubus.] ROSACEA. 109

€o. Mayo: M&S. 1896.—X. Near Armagh: Praeger 1893.—
XII. Common in north-east Ireland: For. W.-£.

Var. consoneens (Bab.)—Var. cxcuopuyiius Lndeb.—III.
Maryborough, Queen’s Co., and—V. Howth Junction and Foxrock,
€o. Dublin: Praeger. 1894.—IX. Roadsides between Clonbur and
Cong, Mayo: M. & S. 7896.—X. Tartaraghan, Armagh; Praeger.—
XII. Lagan side and Carnmoney Hill near Belfast (2. Tate);
‘Woodburn and Bushmills, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-£.

R. Batrovrianus Blox.—I. Killarney (Babington): Cyb.—
II. Whitegate and Trabolgan, 1897 ; Paillips.—tIII. Portarlington,
Queen’s Co., and—V. Howth and Balbriggan, Co. Dublin: Praeger
1894.—VII. Near Mullingar, Westmeath: Levinge 1895.—
IX. By Lough Corrib two miles west of Cong: Marshall 1896.

To 1400 ft. in Down (2B. corylfolius): 8S. & P.

R. cesius Linn.—Dew-berry.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
I, Killarney, and—II. Fermoy (Babington): Cyb.—III. Port-
arlington, Queen’s Co.: Praeger 1894.—IV. Crossfarnoge Point,
Wexford: Hart 1883 8.—V. Near Little Forest, Co. Dublin;
NN. O.—VI. At Castle Taylor, Galway: Hore 7855. Ballinasloe
and Great Island of Aran (Babington): Cyd. On the islands and
shores of Lough Derg in Galway, and—VII. In Tipperary: WV. C.
1897. Knock Ross, Westmeath: Levinge r89g.—VIII. Banks of
Lough Carra: Herb. J. Ball. Shores of Loughs Corrib and Mask ;
Miss WW. F. Jackson. X. Banks of Lough Neagh, Armagh: Dore
1860.—XI. Banks of the Erne: Herb. J. Ball. Banks of the
Foyle above Derry (Moore): Colby 1837.—XII. By Lough Neagh
(Babington): Cyb. Very rare in the North-East: lor. N.-L.
Var, venvts (Bell-Salt.).—IX. On limestone, south of Lough
Mask, Mayo: I. § S, 2896.
Fur. arvensis Wallr.— R. ligerinus Genev. — XII. Near
Doagh, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
Vor. INvERMEDIUS Bab.—I. Ballybunnion, Kerry: Stewart 1890.

rr 3. R. saxatilis Linn.— Stone Bramble.

Districts I. — III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. 1X. X. XI. XIE.

Lat. 52°-543°. West and North, chiefly. Zype, Scottish-Highland.
Stony places in hilly districts and on the shores of the larger

lakes; frequent. 7. June—July.
110 ROSACEA. [ Rubus.

I. Ross Island, Killarney: Wade Rar. Shores of Killarney
Lakes (Babington): Cyb.—III. Near the source of the Barrow,
Queen’s Co.: Hart 1885.—IV. Between Lough Dan and Luggelaw
and in the Dargle, Co. Wicklow: Jr. Flor.—V. Monasterevan :
Threlkeld. Kelly’s Glen, Dublin (Moore): Cyb.—VI. Common
about Castle Taylor and Garryland, Galway: More 1855. Abun-
dant in Burren, Clare: Foot 1862. Shores of Lough Derg near
Portumna: WV. C. 1897.—VII. In a wood near Edenderry (Mr.
Heaton): How, Phytologia, Abundant on the shores of Lough
Ree, in Westmeath and Longford; at Rathcline and Cashel, Co.
‘Longford: Foot 1865. Abundant at Knock Ross, Westmeath :
Levinge r894.—VIII. Bilberry Island, Lough Corrib: Wade Rar.
Shores of Loughs Corrib, Cullen, and Conn (More): Cyb. Mweelrea;
Croaghpatrick, &c.: Hart 18830. Abundant and fruiting freely
on limestone about Lough Mask, in both Galway and Mayo:
M. & 8. 1896.—IX. By Lough Carra (More): Cyb. Abundant on
the shores of Lough Ree in Co. Roscommon: Foot 7865. Glenade
‘and Legale, Sligo, and Larkfield, Leitrim (Admiral Jones): Cyb.
Trusk; Aroo Mountain and other stations in Ben Bulben district :
B.& V. 1885. In the Ox mountains, Co. Sligo, 1896; WV. C.—
X. Frequent about Lough Erne: Barrington 188g.  Patton’s
Glen, Tyrone, and—XI. Glen Hope, Barnesmore mountains
(Admiral Jones): Cyd. Ards, Donegal: Murphy 1829—and in
1879: Hart r880.—XII. Frequent in the North-East: Flor. N.-E.

From near sea-level to 1800 ft. in Donegal (Hart). To 1650 ft.
in Sligo (B. §V.) and in Mayo (Hart).

First recorded for the British Isles by How, from Edenderry, in
1650 (Phytologia).

4. R. chamemorus Linn.— Cloud-berry.

Districts — — — — — — — — — XK, — XIL
Lat. 543°. Tyrone and Derry only. Type, Highland.

Boggy mountain heaths; very rare. Fi. June.

X. Plentiful on Glengaroo mountain, Tyrone, 1826: Murphy
7829. On the Sperrin mountains, west from Dart, Co. Tyrone
and—XIT. On the same mountains in Co. Derry, a small patch
only in each station, August, 1892 (Barrington § Hart): Ir, Nat.
1892, p. 124.

Sought for in vain by many botanists in the mountains of
northern Tyrone, until finally rediscovered by Messrs. Barrington
and Hart after the lapse of sixty-six years.
_Dryas.] ROSACEA, 111

DRYAS Linn,
1. D. octopetala Linn.— Mountain Avene.

Hibernieé Leacin (Lay-theen—Lay-heen).
Districts — — — — — VI, — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. §8°-553°. West and North. Type, Highland.

On limestone and basaltic hills, also at low levels in limestone
districts on drift banks and in rocky places; locally abundant.
Fl, June-July.

VI. “In the mountaines betwixt Gort and Galloway. It makes
a pretty shew in the winter with his rough heads like Viorna.
Mr. Heaton” : How, Phytologia 1650, p. 120. In many places in
the Burren Mountains, Co. Clare: Wade Rar. Extremely abundant
round Ballyvaughan, Clare, especially to the westward, where it
covers the hill tops for miles with a dense carpet, 1895; WV. C.
Plentiful about Castle Taylor, Galway: More 1855.—VIII. On
limestone drift at sea-level on Blake Hill (Prof. Melville): Cyb.
Still in this station (usually called Gentian Hill) near Salthill,
Galway, in 1895: Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 227. Lisoughter Hill, Recess
(Prof. J. W. Carr): P. & C. 1895.—IX, Common on Ben Bulben
and Ben Buishgen in the neighbourhood of Sligo, 1699 (Lhwyd):
Phil. Trans., Vol. 27, p. 524. Legale, Sligo (Admiral Jones): Cyd.
Generally distributed all over the Ben Bulben range : B. §V. 2885.—
X. At Poulaphuca near Church Hill, Co. Fermanagh: Wade Rar.
On the summit of Knockmore, Fermanagh: Stewart r882.— XI, On
Slieve League, very rare and barren: Hart 1885 y.— XII. Northern
face of Magilligan rocks, 1796: Templeton MS. Ben Evenagh, Co.
of Derry (D. Moore): Flor. Hib. 1836—and in 1878 (Corry):
flor, N.-#. Fairly plentiful on Knock Dhu, Antrim, 1884 and
1897 (Rev. H. W. Lett): Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 280.

Sea-level in Galway. At 1300 ft. in Donegal and 1100-1150
ft. in Derry (Hart); 800-1220 ft. in Ben Bulben district (B. & 7);
to 1040 ft. in Clare (V. C.)—-much less alpine in Ireland than in
Great Britain.

In Smith's Kerry, 1756, this plant is recorded as found :—‘‘ On
the hills near the passage into the upper lake of Killarney,” and
in the same author’s Cork, r750 :—‘‘ On high grounds between the
barony of Muskerry and the County of Kerry.” Lhwyd also
mentions the plant as common on mountains and heathy grounds in
112 ROSACEA. [ Dryas.

Munster (Phil. Trans., Vol. 27). None of these records has been
confirmed, and no doubt all are errors.
First noticed in Ireland by Rev. Richard Heaton, before 1650.

GEUM Linn.
1. @. urbanum Linn.— Wood Avens.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XT.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Hedgerows, woods, and shady places; common. 7. June~
July.
Sea-level to 800 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

2. G. rivale Linn.— Water Avens.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-Scottish.
Banks of streams, wet woods, and moist shady places in
. mountain districts; frequent. 27. May-July.
Sea-level in Antrim and Kerry. To 1700 ft., Ben Bulben
(B. &V.) ; to 2400 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 2800 ft. in Kerry (WV. C.).
G. intermedium Ehbrh.— G. rwale x ‘urbanum—IJIl. Wood
south of Maryborough: Praeger 1897.—V. Woodlands, Co: Dublin,
1880; Hart. Rathangan, Kildare; Ceci? Butler—vVI. In Garry-
land wood near Gort: More 12855.—VII. Rathcline Wood,
Lanesborough: B. §V.2887.—1X. Talus of cliffs, Glenade: B. &V.
1885.—X. In the park at Loughgall manor, Co. Armagh: More
1860. White Island, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.—XII. Cart’s
Glen, 1806: Zempleton MS.—still there in 1888: Flor. N.-E.
‘Forth river (Miss Maffett) and at Cushendall (C. Moore): Cyd.
Glenarm ; Upper Colin Glen, &c. (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

FRAGARIA Linn.
1, F. vesca Linn.— Wild Strawberry.
Hibernicé Sué talinan (Sooth thall-oo-an), Ground fruit.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Hedge-banks, woods, and shady places; common. FY. May-
July.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8, Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry and
to 1400 ft. in Tipperary (Har?).
Potentilla. ROSACEA, 118

POTENTILLA Linn.
1, P. Fragariastrum Ehrh.— Barren Strawberry,

Fragaria sterilis Linn.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.

Lat, 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Hedge-banks, woods, walls, &c.; common. Fi. April-June.
Sea-level in N. Derry and S. Cork. To 1000 ft, in Dublin

(MN. C.).

2. P. Tormentilla Neck.—Zormentil.

Tormentilla erecta Linn.
Districts I. IZ, IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XL. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zyype, British.
Moors and heathy places; common. 7. June-August.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2460 ft. in Donegal,
to 8000 ft. in Wicklow, and to 3120 ft. in Kerry (Hart),

3. P. procumbens Sibth.—Zrailing Tormentil.

P. nemoralis Nestl.—Tormentilla reptans Linn.
Districts I. — — IV. V. — VII. VIIL IX. X. — XIt.
Lat. 52°-552°. From South to North. Type, British.

Banks and roadsides; frequent (?). #7. June-August.

I. Ballyphehane: Flor. Cork.—IV. Near Wexford: Marshall
1896.—V. Phenix Park; Howth; and about Santry: Zr. Flor.
Frequent in County Dublin; J. C.— VII. Shore of Lough
Derevaragh, Westmeath : Linton z896.—VIII. Inishbofin; More.—
IX. Common about Glencar (2. P. Vowell): B.§V. 1885,—
X. Frequent in Co. Armagh: Praeger 7893.—XII. By Kilbroney
river and near Newcastle, Down: 8S. P. 2892.  Glenariff;
Glendun; and Glenshesk, Antrim: Shoolbred 89g. Sandy fields
at the Bann mouth and frequent in Kilrea district, Derry: 8. & P.
1895.
Thad difference of opinion exists amongst botanists as to the
precise standing of P. procumbens and it is not without hesitation
that we have admitted it to specific rank. The plant is probably
frequent throughout Ireland.

The hybrid P. procumbens x Tormentilla has been observed in

Westmeath and Antrim.
I
114 ROSACEA. [ Potentilla.

4. P. reptans Linn.— Creeping Cinque-foil.
Districts I. Il. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. ype, English-British.
Hedge-banks, pastures, &c.; locally abundant. 27. June-August.
Sea-level to 1000 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).
Rare in many parts of west Ireland.

5. P. Anserina Linn.—Stlwer Weed.

Mibernicé Opropslan (Brisk-el-awn).
Districts I. I. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZyype, British.

Roadsides, banks, waste ground, and gravelly places; common.
‘Fl. May-July. :

Sea-level to 1400 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

6. P. fruticosa Linn.— Shrubby Cinque-foil.

Districts — — — — — VI. — VII. IX. — — —
Lat. 538°-584°. West Ireland. TZype, Intermediate-Scottish.

Lowland. Rocky and bushy places; very local. #7. May-
August. Caleicole A.

VI. Abundantly on the south-east side of the barony of Burren,
where it joins the barony of Inchiquin: Wade Rar. On low
swampy ground near the bottom of the Burren Mountains (Bindon
Blood), and plentiful at Magherinraheen, near Corofin: Mack. Rar.
At Rock Forest, county of Clare: Mack. Cat. Near Ballyvaughan,
completely covering upwards of two acres of turloughs ; also south-
east of Glasgeivenagh Hill, north-east of Corofin; sparingly in the
Formoyle valley, south of Black Head: Foot 7862. Still abundant
near Ballyvaughan in 1895; W.C. Near Headford, Galway (Mr.
Shuttleworth): Flor. Hib.—VIII. “ Plentifully amongst limestone
rocks on the banks of Lough Crib, in the county of Galloway”
‘(Lhwyd): Phil. Trans. exvii. p. 524. Amongst rocks on the banks
of Lough Corrib, near Lemonfield, Oughterard: Wade Rar.—
IX. On the north-east shore of Lough Corrib (Moore): Rec. Add.
Plentiful in two or three fields between Ballycurrin and Castletown,
on the shores of Lough Corrib; Miss U. F. Jackson.

Flowers twice, first towards the end of spring with small
flowers, again in early autumn, when the flowers are double the size.

First found by Lhwyd, in 1699, at Lough Corrib,
Potentilla. | ROSACEA, 115

7. P. palustris Scop.— Marsh Cinque-foil.

P. comarum Nestl.— Comarum palustre Linn.
Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British-Scottish.
Marshes, bog-drains, and bog-pools; frequent and locally
abundant. 7. June-July. Calcifuge B.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and S. Kerry. To 1000 ft. in Donegal,
and to 1500 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

Much more abundant in the West and North than in other parts
of Ireland.

ALCHEMILLA, Linn.
1. A. arvensis Scop.—Parshey Piert.

District I. IY. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Banks, waste places, and cultivated ground in light soils; fre-
quent. £7. May—August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Down
(S.& P.); to 1800 ft. in Dublin and in Kerry (¥.C.).

2. A. vulgaris Linn.—Lady’s Mantle.

Mibernicé Opacég Muipe (Brath-dge-Mwirré), St. Mary’s Cloak.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°- 553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures, chiefly in hilly or mountain districts; frequent.
Fl, May-July.

At sea-level in N. Derry; montane in 8. Ireland. To 1700 ft.
in Derry, and to 2800 ft. in Wicklow (Hart); to 2400 ft. in Kerry
(Druce 1892).

The varieties anprstris (Schmedt) and Fiuicaviis (Buser) are
reported as frequent in Antrim and Derry: S. § P. 7895.

3. A. alpina Linn.— Alpine Lady’s Mantle.

Districts I. — — IV. — — — — — — —
Lat. 523°-53°. Kerry and Wicklow only. Type, Highland.
Mountain cliffs; very rare. JJ. June-July.
T. “On the mountains of Keri” (Zhwyd): Phil. Trans. xavit.
p. 524. On the cliffs near the summit of Brandon mountain,
12
116 ROSACEA. [ Alchemilla.

county of Kerry, Sept., 1804: Mack. Rar.—still plentiful on
Brandon cliffs, 1894; &.W.S.—IV. On Thonalagee mountain,
Co. Wicklow (H. C. Hart): Journ. of Bot. 2873, p. 775—in some
quantity there in 1885; WV.C.

The record in Flor. Hib. for Ben Bulben has never been con-
firmed, and was probably an error.

At 2000 ft. in Wicklow and 2200-2800 ft. in Kerry (Hart);
strictly alpine in Ireland.

First found in Ireland by Lhwyd, probably on Brandon moun-
tain, in 1699.

AGRIMONIA Linn.
1. A. Eupatoria Linn.— Common Agrimony.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.
Bushy places, waysides, and field-borders ; frequent. F?. June-
August.
To 600 ft. in Dublin (¥.C.) ; but usually lowland.

‘A. odorata Mill.

Districts I. 1. — IV. — — — VIII. ~— ~ XI, XIL
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. ype, English.

Lowland. Banks, roadsides, and thickets; rather rare. Fi.
June-August. Caleifuge B.

I. By the roadside on the north of Dingle Bay, near Dingle,
Kerry (D. Oliver): Phytol. 1853, p. 2096. By the side of on old
road near Valentia (J. Woods): Cyb. Near Castlegregory ; R. W. S.
Ross Island, Killarney: Linton 2886. Near Adrigole, Cork
1894 ; near Dunworley Bay, 1897, and—II. Near Whitegate Cork,
1897; Phillips. Near Fermoy (7. Chandiee) : Cyb.—IV. Near
Enniskerry, Wicklow, and—VIII. Very fine near Clifden. Conne-
mara (More): Rec. Add. Abundant on the north shore of the
Narrow Lake, Lough Mask : I. § 8. 7896. Plentiful on Bartragh
Island, at the mouth of the Moy; More.—XI. Glenagiveney Bay
and by the Eanymore water; Hart.—XII. On the shores of Lough
Neagh, near Shane’s Castle, 1852 (Prof. Babtington and Rev. W. W.
Newbould) ; roadside at Haw Hill, north-east of Comber Down
(Stewart); by the river in Glenarm Park (Corry): Flor. Noi
Glendun: Shoolbred 1894. a
Poterium. | ROSACEA, 117

POTERIUM Linn.

1. P. Sanguisorba Linn.—Lesser Burnet.

P. dictyocarpum Spach.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-543°. Middle Ireland, chiefly. Type, English.

Pastures, dry banks, and gravelly places; locally abundant.
Fl. May-June. Calecicole B.

I. Fields near Blackrock (Rev. Dr. Hincks): Flor. Cork. At
Palacetown, Kinsale (Rev. J. Stopford), and railway embankments,
‘Woodlands, Bandon: -Allin’s Cork.—II. Pastures in Little Island :
Drummond 1820. Yn a field near Kilcree, Cloyne (Rev. Mr. Pyne) :
Cyb. Near Mallow (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor. Cork. Near
Midleton, 1897; Phillips. — III. Enisnag Glebe, Kilkenny, and
Grennan, Queen’s Co. (Rev. 8. Madden): Cyb—IV. In several
places about Fassaroe near Bray (Barrington): Rec. Add. Bray
Head; Greenwood Pim. Knockmore, Wexford; C. B. Moffat.—
VY. On Knockmaroon Hill and on shady banks by the Dodder:
Wade Dubl. 7794. Abundant at Feltrim Hill, 1893; at Raheny,
1894; for some miles along the Dodder river, 1895; on the gravel
eskers at Drimnagh and Tymon, 1894, and in many other stations
in Co. Dublin; V. C. Gallows Hill near Athy, Kildare (7. Chand-
lee); rocks at Carton near Maynooth (J. Douglas): Cyb—VI. At
Castle Taylor and Garryland, Galway (More): Cyb. Abundant in
all three Aran Islands, 1892, and round Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1895 ;
NV. C.—VII. Banks near Dromineer, Lough Derg, Tipperary, 1896 ;
NV. O.—XI. Ballyshannon (Admiral Jones): Cyb.—XII. In some
abundance in a meadow at Glenmore near Lisburn, 1892, and again
in 1895 (J. H. Davies): Ir. Nat. 1892 § 1895—probably intro-
duced in this station, the only one for N.-E. Ireland.

To 900 ft. on basalt in Dublin (WV. C.); but usually lowland.

2. P. officinale Hooker fil.— Great Burnet.

Sanguisorba officinalis Linn.
Districts — — — — — — — Vill. — — — XI.
Lat. 54°-55°, West and North-East. Zype, Intermediate-English.
Lowland. Banks of lakes and rivers and in damp fields; very
rare. F%, June-August.
VIII. On the stony shore of Lough Cullin and of Lough Conn
in Mayo, abundantly in many places (More): Cyb.—XII. On a dry
118, ROSACEZ. [ Poteritum.

bank sloping to the Bann a mile below Agivey in Derry ; on small
gravelly mounds in the townland of Maddykeel near Rasharkin,
Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Plentiful in a field near Donaghadee, on
the inland side of the road to’ Millisle, Down (Miss Maffett) : Cyd.
Abundantly on a railway bank near Donaghadee, 1893 (J. Z.
Davies): Stewart 1894. Near Carnlough (W. Hancock): More
1873. About three miles from Carnlough by the road to Garron
Point (C. Dickson): Flor. N.-E.

ROSA Linn.
1. R. spinosissima Linn.— Burnet Rose.

R. pimpinellifolia Linn.
Districts I. I. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heathy and rocky places, and on sand-hills; frequent near the
sea, rarer inland. #7. May-June.

Sea-level in Derry and in 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry
(Hart); to 2000 ft. in Down (S.§P.); to 1550 ft. in Mayo
(Hart) ; to 1600 it. in Kerry (2. W. 8.).

2. R. involuta Smith— Unexpanded Rose.

Districts I, II. — — — — — VIII. IX. — — XII.
Lat. 512°-55}°. From South to North. Type, British?

Lowland. Bushy and rocky places; rare. FU. June-July.

I. Glengariff, Co. Cork (Drummond): Flor. Hib.—and in 1891:
Druce r89z.—11. On rough ground near Lismore, Co. Waterford ;
Miss E. Currey—vVIII. Between Cong and Clonbur: Marshall
1896.—IX. On the east shore of Lough Carra, Mayo (More):
Cyb.—XII. Near Umbra rocks, Magilligan, and Bennedy Glen,
Dungiven (Moore): Flor. Hib. Not infrequent in the glens of
Antrim, as at Glenariff; Glenarm; Garron Head; Tor Glen; &c.
(Moore): Cyb. Hedge at Ticloy in the Braid: B. N.F. C. Proe.
z87r. Roadside at Racavan near Slemish, Co. Antrim (Stewart) :
Flor. N.-E. Glendun (Rev. S.A. Brenan); Colin Glen (Stewart) :
S. & P. 1895. Mountain roads about Hilltown, Co. Down: 8. ¢ P.
1892.

This rose occurs more frequently in Antrim and Derry than
elsewhere in Ireland, usually as the Var. sanrnr Woods, to which
most of the above records must be referred. From these two
Rosa.) ROSACEA, 119

counties are also recorded the following varieties :—Doniana and
eraciis (Woods), Witsont (Borrer) and cracttescens, RopERtsont,

LmvieaTa and Moorst Baker. See Cyd. and Baker’s Monog..of the
Brit. Roses.

8. R. hibernica Smith—Jrish Rose.

Districts a a ee Ge ee RT,
Lat. 544°-554°. North-East. Type, Intermediate.

Lowland. Hedges and rocky places; very rare. FJ. June-
July. |

XIL. Left of the road going to Hollywood, south of the Whinny
Hill, and on the east side of the Lagan below Stranmillis, Co. Down:
Templeton MS. Not now to be found in the latter locality, and
only to be met with on the right side of the present road to Holly-
wood: Flor. V.-£. In a glen at Magilligan, Derry: Templeton US.

‘Var. ctasra Baker—XII. Tillysburn, Co. Down (Stewart) :
8S. § P. 2895. Rocks in the little Deer Park, Glenarm, Antrim ;
on rocks between Umbra and Ben Evenagh, and on basaltic cliffs on
Ben Evenagh, Co. Derry (Moore): Cyb.

From sea-level to 1000 ft. on Ben Evenagh, Derry (Cyb.).

First found in Ireland at the Hollywood station in 1795 by
Templeton, who was awarded a prize of five guineas, Irish currency,
by the Dublin Society for the discovery of a new Irish plant. First
published in the Dub. Soe. Trans. wi. p. 162, (1802), and after--
wards named 2. hibernica by Smith in 1810; Eng. Bot. 2196.

It is worthy of remark that Mon. Crépin considers R. hibernica
to be a hybrid between ZR. spinosissima and R. canina.

4, R. mollis Smith—Soft-leaved Rose.

R. mollissima Willd.—&. villosa Linn. in part.
Districts I — — — — — — — — XX. — KIL
Lat. 512°-553°. Chiefly in the North. Zype, British.

Lowland. Bushy and rocky places; rare. 7. June-July.

I. Glengariff, Co. Cork: Druce r89z.—X. Devenish Island,
Lough Erne: Barrington 188g. About Armagh and near Cross-
maglen: Praeger 7893.—XII. By the Causeway Water west of
Kilkeel, Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Near Dundrum; by the
Quoile at Downpatrick; at Ballynahinch, Co. Down (Stewart) :
S. & P. 1895. Numerous localities in Antrim, as at Cave Hill ;
Glenarm, &c. (Moore): Cyb. Glendun and Glenshesk, Antrim :
Shoolbred 1894. Near the base of Umbra rocks, Magilligan (Moore):
120 ROSACEA. [ Rosa.

Flr, Hib. In Bennedy Glen near Dungiven and at Draperstown
(Moore): Cyd. Common near Kilrea weir, Derry (Praeger) :
S.§ P. 1895.

5. R. tomentosa Smith—Downy-leaved Rose.

Districts I. If. II. IV. V. VI. VI. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Bushy and rocky places; frequent. #7. June-J uly.

Sea-level in Derry and §. Cork. To 600 ft. in Derry (Cyb.) 5
to 800 ft. in Donegal, to 980 ft. in Down, and to 1000 ft. in
Queen’s Co. (Hart).

The commonest rose of the northern counties, and frequent in
the West and South; rare in many parts of the East and South-East.

Var. scasrzruscuta Smith—IV. Near the Seven Churches,
Co. Wicklow : Flor. Hib.—X. By Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.—
XII. Near Cushendall, Antrim: Shoolbred 1894.

6.  R. rubiginosa Linn.—Sweet Briar.

Districts I. — — IV. — VI. VII. — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. South to North. Type, English?

Lowland. Bushy places; frequent and perhaps native in the
North-East; often planted, and apparently introduced in other
parts of the country. #7. June-July.

I. Near Castleisland, &c., Kerry, probably planted: R&.W. 8S.
1889, By the Dunmanway-road, east of Ballylickey, Bantry, 1878
(Carroll): Herb. Glasnevin. Near Glengariff, Cork: Druce r89z.—
IV. Glenmacanass river, a little below the fall; Hart. Near
Tinnahinch, Wicklow; Barrington. A plant on Clohass bog,
Wexford; Miss EF. U. Farmer.—VI1. Portumna demesne, Co. Gal-
way; Bolton King —VII. Hedges in Loughanstown, Westmeath
(Groves) : Levinge 1894.—X. Shores of Lough Neagh, &c., Armagh:
Praeger 1893.—X1. Neighbourhood of Derry, probably introduced
(W. #. Hart): Hart 1883.—XTI. Roadside one mile south of
Ballylesson, Down; Carr’s Glen, Antrim: Zempleton MS. By the
river Roe near Newtownlimavady (Moore): Flor. Hib.  Abun-
dant on quarry spoil bank at Magheramorne, and in old limestone
quarry at Gleno, Antrim, &c. (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Frequent
in North Derry (Mrs. Leebody): 8. P. 2895. Recorded from
many other stations in Antrim, Down, and Derry in Flor. N.-E.
and S.g P. 7895. ;
Rosa. || ROSACEA, 121

7. ¢ R. micrantha Smith—Small-flowered Briar.

Drstrscta Ty UE ae ee) eee ee ae
Lat. 513°-523°. Cork and Kerry. ype, English.

Lowland. Bushy places; very local. Fl. June-July,

I. Two localities near Tarbert, Co. Kerry, probably planted:
R.W.S. 1891. Rather frequent along the Bandon river and about
Cork and Kinsale, in the neighbourhood of the coast, and near
Bantry (Carroll): Cyb. At Ovens, 1891, and near Kinsale, 1892 ;
Phillips. Hedges near Evergreen, Cork (J. Drummond) and—
II. By Glanmire Road (Mr. Alezander): Flor. Cork. Castletown-
roche and Doneraile, Cork (Carroll): Ailin’s Cork. Rossmore,
1896, and at Glanmire ; Phillips.

8. R. sepium Thuill.— Bush Rose.

Districts — — — — — VI. VIL — IX, — — —
Lat. 53°-533°. Galway and Westmeath.

Lowland. Bushy places; rare and local. FV. June.

VI. In Portumna demesne, Co. Galway; Bolton King.—
VII. Knock Eyon and Knock Body, Westmeath: Linton 1896.—
IX. Abundant by the shore of Lough Corrib two or three miles
south of Cong: Marshall 1896.

A critical plant with probably a more extended range in
Ireland than would appear from the above scanty records.

9. R. canina Linn.—Dog Rose.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XID
Lat, 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. TZyye, British.

Hedges, thickets, and waste places; common. 7. June-July.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Derry (Cyb.).

The materials at our disposal do not enable us to trace the
distribution in Ireland of the many forms of this variable rose.
The following varieties, however, are recorded in the Ist Ed. of
Cybele as identified by Mr. J. G. Baker in a large gathering from
the Counties of Antrim and Derry :—LUrETIANA, DUMALIS, URBICA,
DUMETORUM, PRUINOSA, ANDEVAGENSIS, VERTICILLACANTHA and BLON-
pana; several of these and Var. tomenretta have been gathered
recently by Mr. S. A. Stewart in North-East Ireland. The
variety DUMALIS is also recorded from Westmeath and Kerry,
Vor. ursica from Westmeath: and pumrrorum from Kildare.
122 ROSACEZ. [ Rosa.

R. glauca Vill.

Districts — — — — — — — — — — — Xi.

XII. Near Belfast and at Waterloo near Larne, Co. Antrim
(Stewart): 8. P. 1895. Exrigal banks near Garvagh and by the
side of the river Roe, Co. Derry (Moore): Herb. Glasnevin. The
above records have been confirmed by M. Crépin. :

To this rose, also, should probably be referred the Var. conrrFoLia
of R. canina gathered in Derry by Dr. Moore and the Var. suscris-
gata Baker recorded from Antrim by W. A. Shoolbred.

10. R. arvensis Huds.—TZrailing Rose.

Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIIT. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English.

Hedges and thickets; frequent, though quite local in some
counties and rare in the North. 7, June-July.

Sea-level to 700 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).

The Var. srpractzata (Bast.) recorded from several localities, is
stated by Mon. Crépin to be merely a form of the inflorescence often
occuring on the same bush with the type; see his Révision des
Roses de V Herbier Babington: Journ. of Bot. 1896, p. 178.

PYRUS Linn.
1. P. Aria Ehrh.— White Beam Tree.

Sorbus Aria Crantz.
Districts I. — III. IV. Y. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. From South to North. Type, English-British,

Mountain cliffs, woods, and rocky lake-shores ; very local. FV.
May-June. :

I. In the county of Kerry, plentifully (Molyneux): App. to
Threlkeld. Onrocks around Killarney Lake: Smith’s Kerry 1756—
and in 1896; &.W.S.—III. Among native wood on Maryborough
esker and west of Portarlington: Praeger r897.—IV. Glencree,
Wicklow (J. Ball): Cyb. River banks near Rathdrum; Hart.
One tree near Kilmanock; also at Alderton, Wexford: B.-H. & G.
1889.—V. Hedges to the west side of Howth: Wade Rar. Howth
on the north-east side, growing out of a rocky mountain: Jr. Flor.
7833. Rocks high up on Dung Hill, Howth, perhaps the same
locality as the preceding: Flor. Howth. On a rock near , the
Pyrus.] ROSACEA. 123

summit of Ireland’s Eye (Praeger): Jr. Nat. 1895.—VI. About
Castle Taylor and Gartyland, Galway, probably not indigenous
(More): Cyb. Sparingly on the rocky shore of Lough Derg at
Rinmore near Portumna, 1896; WV. C.—VII. By the Barrow
between Lee Castle and Portarlington : Hart 1885. On most of
the islands in Lough Ree: B.§V. 2887.—VIII. Many places in
Connemara: Wade Gallovid. Shore of Lough Conn, Mayo (More):
Cyb. About Clonbur, scarce, but looking wild: IM § 8. z896—
this station extends into—IX. On the cliffs of Ben Bulben: Flor.
Uist. One tree on the limestone cliffs over Glencar, 1882: B.gV.
1885.—XI. Mountain thickets at Glenveagh: Hart 1881 B.—
XII. Little Deer Park, Glenarm, 1808: Zempleton MS. Umbra
Rocks and between them and Ben Evenagh, Derry, 1835: Moore
MS. Near Ballycastle, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. In Glendun, 1868
(S. A. Brenan): B.&V. ne Almost extinct in north-east
Ireland : Flor. N.-E.

Descends to about 100 ft. in 1. Galway. Rises to 900 ft. in Derry
(Cyb.) and in Sligo; (B.§V.).

The records for Killarney, Glencar, and Ballycastle refer to the
Var. nvuricora Syme, which is probably frequent in Ireland.

2. P. Aucuparia Ehrh.—ountain Ash; Quicken Tree.

Sorbus Aucuparta Linn.
Mibernicé Caoptainn (Kweer-ann), Berry Tree.

Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Rocky and heathy places, chiefly in mountain districts ; frequent.
Fl. May-June. Calcifuge C.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1650 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1950 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.); to 2300 ft. in Galway
and in Kerry (Hart).

3. +P. Malus Linn.— Crab Apple.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Hedges and copses; frequent. 7. May.

Perhaps native in some stations, but often undoubtedly planted
or an escape from cultivation.
124 ROSACEA. [ Crategus.

CRATAGUS Linn.

1. CO. Oxyacantha Linn.— Hawthorn ; White-thorn.

Hibernicé Sgeac Seal (Shay-ack gee-yal) White Thorn.
Districts I. Il. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIL. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 5130-5529. Throughout Ireland. Type, British. .
- Hedges, thickets, rocky places, &c. ; common. Fl. May—June.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry (Hart);
to 1500 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.); to 1600 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

ORDER XXII. SAXIFRAGEZ.

SAXIFRAGA Linn.

1. S. oppositifolia Linn.— Purple Sawifrage.

Districts — — — — — — — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 584°-552°. West and North. Type, Highland.

Mountain cliffs; rare. 7. April-May.

VIII. Mountains in Joyce country, near Lough Corrib: Mack.
Rar, On Ben Lettery, Connemara (Carroll): Cyb. On Maam
Turk, Connemara: Mackay, App. to Frazer. Mweelrea in Mayo,
and Muckanaght (Twelve Bens), Galway: Hart 78830. Lisough-.
ter Hill, Recess, Galway (Prof. J. W. Carr): P.& C. 1895.
Abundant on Kylemore mountain, 1897 ; Rev. W. Colgan.IX. On
the caléareous mountains of Leitrim and Sligo (Prof. £. Murphy) ;
Glenade, Leitrim (Admiral Jones): Cyb. AtGlenade ; Annacoona;
Aroo mountain, &c.; but not seen on Ben Bulben: B.& V. 1885.
Abundant on Lug-na-gall, Glencar: WV. C. 1896.— XI. At the
summit of Bulben, Ennis Owen (Mr. Browne): Wade Rar.—still
abundant there: Hart 1883. In the Poisoned Glen: Hart 1884.
Slieve League and sea cliffs at Lehan near it: Hart 7885 y. At sea-
level on Slieve Atooey near Magheragh: Hart 1886. Slieve Snacht
west; V.C.—XII. On Ben Evenagh, Co. of Derry (D. Moore): Flor.
ib.—and in 1882: Hart 1884.

From sea-level to 1850 ft. in Donegal (Hart) ; 800-1600 ft. in
Sligo and Leitrim (B. §V.); from 1000 ft. in Galway to 2400 ft. in
Mayo (Hart).

_ First found by Robert Brown before 1800, on Bulbein Mt.,
Innishowen.
Saxsfraga. | SAXIFRAGEA. 125

2. S. nivalis Linn.— Alpine Clustered Saxifrage.

Districts — — — — — — — — IX — — —
‘Lat. 544°. Sligo only. Zype, Highland.

Mountain cliffs; very rare. FJ. July.

IX. Found on Ben Bulben, county of Sligo by John Wynne,
Esq., of Hazel Wood: Mackay 1859. About thirty plants at one
place near Annacoona: B. & V. z885—probably the same locality
as the preceding.

Occurs at 1950 ft. on Annacoona, Sligo (B. § V.).

First found by John Wynne in 1837.

3. 8. stellaris Linn.— Starry Saxifrage.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. — — VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55°. South to North. Type, Highland.

‘Wet rocks and marshy places by mountain rills; frequent.
Fi, June-August. Caleifuge A.

From 500 to 2200 ft. in Donegal; to 2450 ft. in Mayo (Hart) ;
from 750 ft. in Dublin to 3000 ft. in Wicklow (4. C.); from
700 ft. (WV. C.) to 3400 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

First found by Lhwyd in 1699 in Kerry: Phil. Trans. vol. 27,
‘Dp. 524.

One of the most widely distributed highland plants of Ireland,
but apparently quite absent from the limestone mountains of Clare,
Sligo, and Leitrim, and from the basalt of Derry and Antrim.
‘Locally abundant in the Mourne Mountains and in the mountains of
Wicklow, Kerry, and Donegal.

4. §. Geum Linn.—Xidney-leaved Saxifrage.

Districts I. I — — — — ~ ~ ~~ ~ — —
Lat. 51$°-522°. Kerry and Cork only. Zype, Hibernian.

Rocky and damp shady places in mountain districts; locally
abundant. £7. May-July. .

I. “On the mountains of Keri in abundance” in 1699 (Lhwyd):
Phil. Trans. vol. 27, p. 524. Sparingly on Connor Hill near
Dingle and on Turk mountain near the waterfall, 1804; on several
mountains in Kerry and on Priest’s Leap, Co. Cork, 1805: Mack.
Rar. Abundant on Brandon mountain and about Killarney, &c.
(Moore): Cyb.  Baurtregaum, Slieve Mish mountains: Hart
126 SAXIFRAGEA. [ Sanxtfraga.

18824. Woods in Valentia Island, 1892; N.C. Widely dis-
tributed throughout the mountainous portion of Kerry ; RW. S.
Mountains between Gouganebarra, and Bantry, Cork (J. Drum-
mond): Flor. Cork. On Hungry Hill; by the Eagle’s Nest,
Glengariff; on Sheep’s Head promontory; at Adrigole, ke:
Allin’s Cork. By a stream at Berehaven and abundant at Adrigole,
1894; Phillips—II. Rocks above Gurtaveha Lake near Millstreet
(More): Rec. Add. ,

From sea-level (2. W. 8.) to 2650 ft. (Hart) in Kerry.

First found by Lhwyd, in 1699, in Kerry. Mr. Britten
informs us that there is a specimen in Buddle’s Herb. (Herb. Sloane,
cxxiv. 77) in the British Museum, labelled: 4. D. Lhwyd in
Hibernia Collect.

Far more restricted in its range than S. wmbrosa, its area of
distribution in Ireland lying within a radius of about 35 miles from
‘Carrantuobil as centre.

Var. uresuta (Linn).—I. On the east side of Mangerton and
on several other mountains in Kerry, 1804-5: Mack. Rar. On
rocks at the Gap of Dunloe, near Killarney, 1805: Mack. Cat.
On Brandon, plentifully (Moore): Cyb. By the waterfall on
Hungry Hill, Bantry Bay, Cork, and on Connor Hill, Kerry, 1841:
Babington in Herb. Blackwater Bridge, near Kenmare ; Waterville ;
Tore mountain ; Slieve Mish mountains, &c., Kerry: R.W. S. 2890,
§c. On the Gouganebarra mountains (J. Drummond): Flor.
Cork. Near Glengariff and on Priest’s Leap mountain: -Allin’s
Cork, Near Adrigole, 1894; pass of Keimaneigh, 1897 ; Phillips.—
II. Freely on the mountains near Millstreet, Co. Cork (Carroll):
Allin’s Cork.

Intermediate between S. wnbrosaand S. Geum, though approach-
ing more closely to the latter. It is only recorded from stations
where both species grow together and is, perhaps, as many
botanists consider, a hybrid between the two, though this has never
been proved experimentally.

Vor, utncans (Mackay)—I. On a rock near the summit of
Turk mountain, Killarney, 1805: Mack. Cat. Connor Hill,
Kerry, 1841: Babington in Herb.—in the same station, 1890;
RW.S.

Another form, marked by very blunt and shallow crenations of
the leaf margin, seems quite as worthy of varietal distinction as
§. exucans. It occurs in rocky gullies at Waterville, Derrynane,
and Brandon mountain and in woods at Valentia Island; Zus.
Sasifraga. ] SAXIFRAGER, 127

5. 8. umbrosa, Linn.— London Pride: None so pretty (Ray).

Mibernicé, Cabdipce mhadaid puaid (Cabawshthé wadha roo-ce)
Fox's Cabbage '—Cabdirce oaoine mata ( Cabawshthé dheence
maw-hé) Good People’s Cabbage.

Districts I. II. — — — — — VIII. IX. — XI. —

Lat. 514°-553°. South and West. Zype, Hibernian.

Mountains, woods, and rocky places, chiefly near the coast;
locally abundant. #7. May—July. Calcifuge A.

I. ‘Grows plentifully here with us in Ireland on a mountain
called the Mangerton in Kerry” (Dr. 7. Molyneux): Phil. Trans.
1697, p. sro. On Mangerton and Ture mountains, 1796: Wade
Rar. Gap of Dunloe near Killarney: Mack. Cat. On nearly all
the mountains of Kerry; plentiful in the woods at Killarney
(Moore): Cyb. Mangerton; Blackwater Bridge, near Kenmare,
‘&e.: R.W.S. 2890. On Great Blasket Island; on Inishvicillane;
and on Inishtooskert: Barrington 188z. Common on all the rocks.
in the western parts of Cork: Smith's Cork r750. Very common
at Glengariff: Mack. Rar. By the sea at Mizen Head, 8. Cork ;.
Phillips. Rocks by the Lee above Iniscarra Bridge: Drummond
zérg—still there in 1895; Phelliys. Ballydavelin Hill, Carbery
(2. W. Townsend): Flor. Cork. —TII. On the top of the high
mountains of Knockmeledown: Smith's Waterford 1746. On
Knockmealdown and the Commeragh mountains, Waterford, 1882 :
Hart 1884. About Lough Borheen in the Galtees: Hart 188r.—
VIII. Very common throughout Connemara: Wade Rar. Found
on Croaghpatrick, Mayo, by A. B. Lambert: Zempleton MS. On
Mweelrea, Co. Mayo: Flor, Hib. Very abundant on Nephin
mountain, Mayo: Flor. Ulst. On the shores of Loughs Cullin and
Conn about Pontoon (More): Cyb. Inishbofin and Inishturk :
More 1876. Muckanaght; Ben Corr; Ben Lettery; Ben More,
Achil Island, &c. ;. on all summits in Connemara and West Mayo :
Hart 18830. West side of Lough Mask, 1891; R. P. Vowell.
Islands in Lough Inagh and Derryclare Lough, Connemara, 1897 ;
N.C.—IX. On the hills north-east of Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyb.—
XI. Muckish mountain, Co. Donegal: Templeton MS. On Errigal
mountain and at Knockglass, Malin, close by the sea: Flor. Uist.

 

1The close similarity in sound of the genitive forms of the Irish words for
‘Patrick’? and “ fox’? has, no doubt, caused this plant to be erronequsly
called St. Patrick’s Cabbage. Eds.
128 SAXIFRAGE A. ‘[Saxtfraga.

In the Poisoned Glen and on a mountain south of Lough Ea,
Donegal (V. Moore): Rec. Add. Slieve Snacht West and Poisoned
Glen: Hart 1879.

The wide gaps in the range of this species in West Ireland are
strikingly coincident with the appearance of the limestone formation
in Kerry, Clare, Galway, and Sligo.

From 800 to 2000 ft.in Donegal; sea-level to 2680 ft. in Mayo,
1750-2500 ft. in Tipperary, sea-level to 3370 ft. in Kerry,
500-2600 ft. in Waterford (Hart).—A mountain plant in almost
all of its inland stations, but freely descending to the lowlands near
the sea in the West and South-West.

First definitely recorded for Ireland by Dr. T. Molyneux in
1697 and probably observed there some fifty years earlier, as the
plant is entered, without any locality, in How’s Phytologia, 1650.

We cannot, with any confidence, separate the many Irish forms
of this variable species into the varieties sERRATIFoLIA Don and
puncrata Don. When a full series of Irish specimens is
examined the finest gradations may be traced from obovate to
orbicular in the general outline of the leaf and from crenation to
sharp serration in the form of the margin. In no case, however,
does the Irish plant exhibit the very blunt crenation and strongly
marked cartilaginous leaf margin which appears to be characteristic
of the Pyrenean, Spanish, and Portuguese S. wnbrosa. In Kerry,
Connemara, and Waterford the prevalent leaf-form is one with
strongly serrate margins, and truly crenate forms are very rare in
Ireland. In Sternberg’s Supplement (Prague, 1831) to his Revisio
Saxifragarum many of the various leaf-forms of this species and of
S. Geum are excellently figured.

6. S. Hirculus Linn.— Yellow Marsh Saxifrage.

Districts — — III. — — — VII. VII. — — ~— XIL
Lat. 58°-55°. Middle and North-East. Type, Scottish-Intermediate.

Wet bogs; very rare. FV. July—August.

TIT. Bogs near Mountrath, Queen’s Co. (J. Morrison): Ree.
Add.—vVTII. In an extensive marsh, three miles from Cloughjordan,
‘Tipperary : Flor. Hib. Bog of Lisclogher, near Castletown Delvin,
Westmeath (Rev. W. A. Reynell): Cyb.—a few plants still there
in 1888: Levinge 1894. On the Bog of Allen, near Portarlington
(R. Tucker): Cyb.—VIII. Bog near Ballycastle, west of Belderrig,
Mayo; Z. D. B. Dillwyn. XII. “In a deep flow-bog, townland
Saxifraga. | SAXIFRAGEA. 129

of Glenbuck, parish of Rasharkin, a little west of some low
precipices of rocks, one called Whinin Rocks, the other, Lough
Rocks, August 1888” (Moore): Label in Ordr. Coll. Rediscovered
in 1884 near Lough Naroon, very close to the preceding locality
(Rev. S. A. Brenan); plentiful near Garron Point, Antrim
(Praeger): Journ. of Bot. 1884.

From 270 ft. in Westmeath to 1000 ft. in Antrim.

7. S. aizoides Linn.— Yellow Mountain Saxifrage.

Districts [I.] — — — — — — — IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 544°-552°. West and North. Zype, Highland.

Cliffs and damp places on mountains; rare. #7. July-August.

[{I. Connor cliffs near Dingle, Kerry, 1804: Mack. Rar.—but
not seen recently.|—IX. On a mountain near Sligo (Rev. Mr.
Brinkley); on Ben Bulben and other mountains near Sligo,
1806: Mack. Rar. On Glenade; Legale; and Ben Whisken, Sligo
and Leitrim (Admiral Jones): Cyb. Abundant everywhere through
the mountains in Ben Bulben District: B.gV. 2885. On Knock-
acree, Ox Mountains, Sligo, 1893 ; Miss Kinahan.—XI. In a gully
on the north side of Slieve League, Donegal (H.W. D. Dunlop):
Ree, Add. Alt mountain near Ardara (Arthur Brooke): Hart
1886.—X1I]. Murlough, Antrim (Miss Hincks): Flor. Ulst.—
descending here to sea-level, 1886 ; WV. C. In considerable quantity
by streamlets on the north side of Torr Head, Antrim: Corry 7882.

Sea-level in Antrim to 1550 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 350-1600 ft.
in Sligo (B. ¢V.).

8. 8. tridactylites Linn.— Rue-leaved Saxrfrage.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland (?). Zype, British-English.
Lowland (?). On calcareous and basaltic rocks, on sandhills, and
on walls; frequent. #7. April-June.
Abundant in the limestone districts of Clare and Galway, and
reported from most of the Irish counties; in some, however, it
appears to be quite local, and is rare in the North-East.

9. 8. granulata Linn. White Meadow Saxifrage.
Districts — — — IV. Vi. — — — — X. — XIL
Lat. 523°-55°. East and North-East. Zype, British-Intermediate.

Lowland. Sandhills, pastures, &c.; veryrare. J, May-June.
x
130 SAXIFRAGEA. [ Saxifraga.

IV. On the sandhills south of Mizen Head, Wicklow (Moore) :
Rec. Add.—still abundant there, 1890; R.W.S. Brittas, Wicklow,
1866 (J. Morrison): Ree. Add.—V. At Slane, Co. Meath (Ir. De
Luc): Templeton MS. On sandy ditch-banks between Baldoyle
and Portmarnock : Mack. Cat. Near Kilbarrack Church, Co. Dub-
lin: Ir. Flor. Baldoyle race-course, 1896; 2.W. S.—X. On the
mound at Rathtrillick, Armagh (Stewart): Rec. Add.—X1I. Abun-
dant in Belvoir Park: B.W.F.C. Proc. r87r. Castlereagh Hill,
Co. Down (Stewart); doubtfully native in both of the above
localities: Flor. V.-E. About a mile south of Carnlough, Antrim ;
also in copses at Springhill, Moneymore, Derry (Moore) : Flor. Hib.

10. 8. hypnoides Linn.— Mossy Saxifrage.

Districts I. Il. — — — VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-542°. South to North. ype, Scottish-Highland.

Rocky places, chiefly in mountain districts; locally abundant.
Fl, May-August.

VI. At Castle Taylor and at Garryland, Galway: Dore 7855.
Throughout Burren, Co. Clare: Foot 286g. Frequent on the lime-
stone hills round Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1895; W.C. Knockmai
mountain near Tuam: Wade Rar.—IX. Plentiful on all the lime-
stone mountains near Sligo: Mack. Cat. Ben Whisken and Glenade,
Sligo (Admiral Jones); Kesh Corran (F. J. Foot): Cyb. Common
on the cliffs in Ben Bulben district: B.gV. 2885.—X. Hill of
Knocknenny, Fermanagh: Wade Rar. Knockmore, Fermanagh:
Stewart 1882. Cliffs at Poulaphuca, Lough Erne: Barrington
7884. Limestone rocks at Swanlinbar, Cavan (Dr. Scott): Mack.
Rar.—XII. Cave Hill and Sallagh Braes, 1797 (Templeton) :
Whitla MS. Rocks about the Giant’s Causeway: Wade Rar.
Deer Park, Glenarm, and abundant in mountain pastures between
Torr Point and Ballycastle: Zr. Flor. Basaltic rocks of Knockagh:
Flor. Belf. Murlough and Rathlin Island: Flor. Ulst. Black
Mountain and Woodburn glen (Stewart); Garron Head (Praeger) :
Flor. N.-E. Ben Bradagh, Derry (Mrs. Leebody): S.& P. 2895.

The above records refer to Var. cEmmirera Syme, here taken as.
the type; this is apparently confined to the limestone and basalt.

Var, sponnemica (Gmel.)—S. quinguefida Haworth—S. affinis
Don—S. hirta Haworth—I. Baurtregaum, Slieve Mish, Co.
Kerry: Hart 18820. On Brandon Mountain: Hart 1884. Near
the lake in Hag’s glen, Magillicuddy’s Reeks: Druce 2897.—
Saxifraga. | SAXIFRAGEA. 131

II. On Galtymore, Tipperary (7. Anderson): Cyd. In various
parts of the Galtees: Hart z88r. On the Commeragh mountains,
Waterford (J. Grubb): Cyd. On the Knockmealdown mountains:
Hart 1884.— XII. Near Cushendall, Antrim: Templeton MS. Garron
Head, 1852 (C. C. Babington); Ben Evenagh (Corry): Flor. N.-E.

Var, pecrprens (Hhrh.)—I. Slieve Mish mountains, Kerry :
R.W.S. 7889. To this form also Dr. Engler refers gatherings.
from the Reeks and Brandon mountain in the same county.

Var. Sreryperert (Willd.)—S. hirta (Smith)—I. Near the
summit of Magillicuddy’s Reeks, 1805: Mack. Cat.—and in 1881:
Hart 1882.—II. Moist rocks on Galtymore, Tipperary, 1805 : Mack..
Cat.—and in 1880: Hart 188r.—VI. Limestone cliffs at Black
Head, Clare, and in Great Aran Island (More): Cyb.—XI. Polldoo,
North Aran Island, very sparingly (Hart): Journ. of Bot. 1881, p. 29.

Vor. crentanvica (£ngl.)\—To this, rather than to S. cepi-
tosa (Linn.), should probably be referred the plant gathered by
Mackay on—I. Brandon Mountain, 1804: Mack. Cat.—and again
by £. F. and W. R. Linton in 1885, as also Mr. Hart’s plant from—
VIII. Muckanaght, Twelve Bens, Galway: Hart 1883 a.

In all its forms S. hypnoddes is absent from East Ireland.

Descends to near sea-level in Clare, to 100 ft. in S. Donegal,
and to 200 ft. in N. Antrim. Ascends to 1450 ft. in Derry, to.
2570 ft. in Tipperary, and to 3150 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

CHRYSOSPLENIUM Linn.
1. C. oppositifolium Linn.— Golden Saxtfrage.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British-Highland.
Damp shady places, especially in mountain districts; frequent.
Fl. March-May. Calcifuge B.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 2450 ft. in Down
(S.& P.); to 3000 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

PARNASSIA Linn.
1. P. palustris Linn.— Grass of Parnassus.

Districts — II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 523°-554°, Throughout Ireland (?). Type, Scottish-British.
Boggy places, damp pastures, stony lake shores, and sand-hills
by the sea; frequent and locally abundant. 7. July-August.
K2 .
132 SAXIFRAGEA. [Parnassia.

Sea-level to 1450 ft. in Ben Bulben district (WV. C.).

Most frequent on calcareous soils and especially abundant on the
shores of Lough Derg (WV. C.) and Lough Ree (B. §V. 1887) in the
Shannon basin. Apparently absent from Cork and Kerry.

ORDER XXIII.—CRASSULACEZ.
COTYLEDON Linn.
1. ©. Umbilicus Linn.— Pennywort.

Unmbilicus pendulinus DC.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.

Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. ' Type, Atlantic-English.
Rocks and walls; frequent and locally abundant, especially in

hilly districts and near the sea. FV. June-August. Caleifuge B.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Derry

(Cyb.); to 1500 ft. in Louth and Tipperary (Hart).

SEDUM Linn.

1. S. Rhodiola DC.—Rose-root.

Rhodiola rosea Linn.— Sedum roseum Scop.
Districts I. 1. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. Zype, Highland.

Wet rocks on mountains, and cliffs by the sea; frequent. 7.
May-August.

I. ‘On Mangerton mountain . . . on the steep, rocky sides of
‘the horse pool or Poul-na-Coppel”?: Wade, Rar. Cliffs on Magilli-
cuddy’s Reeks and Brandon mountain, Kerry: Mack. Rar. On
Mangerton, 1896; on Brandon, 1894, and frequent on the Kerry
mountains; &.W.S. On Hungry Hill: Drummond 1820—and in
1894; Phillips. At Glengariff, and—II. Rocks above Carbanagh
Lake, Millstreet: -Adlin’s Cork. Near the summit of Galtymore:
Mack. Rar. r806—and in 1880: Hart 788z. On rocks near the
lake at Coumshingan, Waterford (Iss S. Grubb): Cyb.—and in 1883:
Hart 1884.—IV. Very sparingly on the south side of Lugnaquilla
mountain, Wicklow, 1897; 1. C.—V. Near the top of Carlingford
mountain, Louth: Jr. Wat. 2893, p. 227.—VI1. In the South Isles
of Aran: Mack. Rar. 1806. Near Dun Aingus and Kilmurvy,
Aranmore Island, 1892; W.C. Cliffs of Moher, Clare (More):
Cyb.—VIII. On Shanafolia mountain, Connemara: Babington 2836.
Sedum. ] CRASSULACEZ. 133

On Muckanaght, Galway, and on Mweelrea; Croaghpatrick, &c.,
Mayo: Hart 18830. Inishturk: More 1876.—IX. Abundant at
the edge of the precipice, Ben Bulben, 1815: Zempleton, Journal.
Abundant on cliffs in Ben Bulben district: B.&V. 2885.—XI. On
the Donegal mountains: Mor. Hid. Inishowen Head; Culdaff;
Malin ; shore at Glencolumbkill, &c. (Dickie): Flor. Ulst. Bulbein
mountain ; Crockaughrim; Muckross Point; Slieve League, &c. :
Hart 1883 § 1885 y.— XII. South end of Slemish and north of
Rathlin: Zempleton MS. Plentiful on cliffs at north-west of’
Rathlin Island in 1882: Stewart 1884. Torr Head and Fair Head,
Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Glenariff, and abundant on the coast north
of Torr (Praeger): Flor. N.-E. & S.&P. 2895. Tn the Mourne
mountains, on Shanlieve and Slievenaglough (Praeger): Flor.
W.-£.—on Slieve Muck and Pigeon Rock mountain: 8. § P. 1892.
Sea-level in Kerry and round the west and north coast to
Antrim. To 1900 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1850 ft. in Ben
Bulben district (B. V7.) ; at 2300 ft. in Wicklow (WV. 0.) ; to 2600
ft. in Mayo, 2500 ft. in Tipperary, and 3150 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

2. {S. Telephium Linn.—Orpine ; Live-long.
S. maximum Sut.

Districts — — — — — VI. VII — — — XI. XI.

Bushy and stony places, banks, &c.; rare and nowhere certainly
native. 2. July-August.

VI. On the walls of an old fort called Cahiremond near
Kilfenora, Clare: Wade Rar. At Kilfenora, scarce (F. J. Foot):
Cyb. Roadside between Woodford and Lough Derg (If. Dowd):
ee. Add.—VII. On Carberry Island in Lough Ree near Athlone,
sparingly ; also at Ballinalee, east of Longford, wild: Foot, z865.—
XI. Rooskey, in the parish of Clondahorkey, far from garden or
house, looking quite wild (Rev. Alex. Stuart): Hart 1885 y.—
XII. Along hedges between Newry and Loughbrickland: Jr. For.
Ballyholme; Orlock; Mealough Hill, &c., Down: Flor. Belf.
Strand between Newtownards and Mountstewart (Stewart): Flor.
N.-#. Near Maghera, Derry; Hollywood Hills; Ballygowan and
Downpatrick, Down (Praeger); Ballyclose and Craigbilly, Antrim.
(Miss Knowles): 8. & P. 1895.

Also recorded from the counties of Cork, Wexford, Carlow,
Galway, Sligo, and Cavan; but the records are without recent
confirmation, and there is reason to believe that the plant was only
a casual in these counties.
134 CRASSULACE. [ Sedum.

3. *§. album Linn.— White Stonecrop.

Districts I -—- -—- —- - —- - - - 7- >

Walls and rocks; fully established in the neighbourhood of
Cork only. ?. July-August.

I. Walls near Glandore, 1896; J. Groves. Crosshaven, fully
established, 1896; Phillips. Glengariff Bridge; G. C. Druce.—
II. Rocks near Queenstown, plentiful and perfectly naturalized,
1851: Carroll ZS. On Haulbowline Island, Cork Harbour,
plentiful (Dr. Wood): Carroll 1854. On a dry hill at Glanmire,
1830 (Dr. Harvey): Mackay 1859. On cliffs at Summer Hill,
Cork (Carroll); on rocks at Fermoy (7. Chandlee): Cyb. Fully
established on walls and railway embankments about Tivoli, Glan-
mire and Queenstown, 1896; Phellips.

Also recorded from Districts X. and XII. for the counties of
Armagh and Antrim, but only as an escape, not fully naturalized.

The county Cork plant is usually the Var. micranrnum (Bast.).

4, *§. dasyphyllum Linn.— Thick-leaved Stonecrop.

Districts I. I. — — — — —~ ~ ~—~ ~—~ ~— —

Walls and rocks; fully established in the neighbourhood of
Cork only. 7. June-July.

I. Wall by the Douglas road, Cork (Carroll): Cyb.—II. On an
old wall near Blarney Castle: Smith’s Cork 1750 and Wade Rar.
804. Walls at Sunday’s Well: Drummond 1818—probably
planted here. On limestone rocks and walls at Bromfield,
Midleton (Dr. Power): Flor. Cork. On walls between Midleton
and Cloyne (Moore): Cyd. At Carrickshean near Midleton, where
it covers a range of limestone hills and appears quite wild (Rev. 7.
Allin): Rec. Add. Old walls between Midleton and Ballinacarra,
1895 ; and abundant and looking native on the Carrickshean hills,
1896 ; Phillops.

5. §. anglicum Huds.—Znglish Stonecrop.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, Atlantic—British.
Banks and rocky places, mostly near the coast; frequent. Fl.
June-August.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Derry,
1950 ft. in Wicklow, and 2650 ft. in Kerry (Hart).
Sedum. | CRASSULACE.A. 135

Generally abundant round the coast; rare inland, but occurs in
several stations, as in Carlow, on the Scalp rocks, between Fenagh
and Bagnalstown (ec. Add.); in the counties of Westmeath and
Roscommon (fF, J. Foot: Cyb.); in Co. Armagh, at the western
base of Slieve Gullion (Praeger 7893).

6. §. acre Linn.— Wall Pepper.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. 1X. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Sand-hills, banks, rocks, and walls, chiefly near the
sea; frequent. 7. June—July.

Rare inland; abundant on sandy warrens round the coast.

7. *§. reflexum Linn.— Crooked Stonecrop.

Districts I. II. II. — V. VI. — — — X. XI. XII.

On roofs and walls and occasionally on rocks near houses;
always introduced and not common. 7. July-August.

I. By the Blackrock road: Flor. Cork.—II. On an old castle
near Mallow: Drummond 1818. Drummaleen castle, Mallow
(perhaps Drummond’s station), and Mogheeley castle by Conna:
Allin’s Cork, Plentiful on thatched roofs at Mallow (Carroll); o
the rock of Cashel (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.—III. Wilton, Kilkenny
(Rev. S. Madden): Cyb—vV. Upon the tiles of the houses at
Chapelizod: Threlkeld. Old walls about Chapelizod plentifully :
Wade Dubl. Old walls near Finglas: Mack. Cat—VI. On thatched
roofs at Kilmallock, Co. Limerick (Carroll): Cyd. Walls and
roofs at Newmarket, Co. Clare: Stewart r890.—X. Old walls at
Ballytrain, Monaghan, 1805: Zempleton MS. Benburb, Tyrone:
Flor. Uist. On limestone rocks by the Dungannon road three
miles from Armagh: Praeger 1893.—X1. Well established on old
walls at Ray; Rathmelton, &c.: Hart 1879. Railway embankment
above the Foyle near Carrigans: Hart 2885 y.—XII. Houses and
walls at Antrim; on the shore at Shane’s Castle, 1810: Zempleton
MS. ‘Many of the old houses in the town of Antrim are covered
with it’’: Flor. Hib. Portmore ruins (Stewart); railway bank
south of Antrim (D. Redmond): Flor. N.-#.  Plentiful about
Carrickfergus (F. Whitla): Flor. Hib. In abundance on the rocks
by the Roe about two miles above Limavady, 1813: Templeton
Journal. In the greatest abundance in the Glen of the Roe at
O’Cahan’s rocks: Moore MS. 1835.
136 DROSERACE. [ Drosera.

ORDER XXIV.—DROSERACEZ.

DROSERA Linn.
1. D. rotundifolia Linn. Round-leaved Sundew.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Bogs and moist heathy ground; common. Fl, July-August.
Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in N. Derry and S. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Donegal
and to 1650 ft. in Wicklow (Har?).

2. D. anglica Huds.— Great Sundew.

D. longifolia Linn. in part.

Hibernicé Opurcomn mona (Dhroo-ick-dheen mona), Bog-dew.
Districts I. If. III. — V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. XK. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. From South to North. Type, Scottish.

Spongy bogs; common in the West and North, rather rare
elsewhere. Fl. June-August. Caleifuge A.

I. Frequent in Kerry; R.W.S. At Castletown Berehaven
(J. Drummond); found in West Cork only: Plor. Cork. Rooska
near Durrus: Allin’s Cork. Bogs near Inchigeela, 1858, and—
II. Bogs near Macroom (J. Sullivan): -Annot. in Flor. Cork.
Bluefort Bog, Newmarket: Allin 787z.—III. ‘‘ This was sent me
by Mr. Zanche Silliard an Apothecarie of Dublin in Ireland”:
Parkinson, Theatr. Bot. 1640, p. 1053. ‘‘ Plentifully in a bogge by
Edenderry. I gave some of the plant to Zanchie Sylliard, Apoth.
of Dublin, which he sent to Mr. Parkinson who . . . mentions the
said Zanchie as if he had found it” (Mr. Heaton): How. Phytol.
1650.—V. ‘On the Bogg by Isaactown in the county of Meath”
{near Rathmolyon, south of Trim], Mr. Sherard: App. to Threlkeld.
Narraghmore bog, Kildare (Carroll): Cyd.  Plentiful in Ardee
Bog, Louth: Butler z890.—VII. Lisclogher Bog, Westmeath :
Levinge 1894.

Frequent and locally abundant in Districts VI. VIII. IX. X.
XI. and XII.

To 750 ft.in Donegal and Galway (Hart); but usually lowland.

First found by Rev. Richard Heaton before 1640, at Edenderry,
and first published by Parkinson in Theatrum Botanicum, 1640.
Drosera. | DROSERACEA. 137

D. obovata M. & K.—D. anglica x rotundifolia—I. Sparingly
in Kealboy bog, Glencar, Kerry; &.W.S. Near Glengariff, rare:
Druce r8gr. Gouganebarra, 1897; Phillips —vVI. Sparingly in
a bog north of Carrigaholt, Clare, not so well marked as in north
Ireland: Stewart 1890.—X. In county Tyrone (W. Mae Millan) :
Flor. N.-#.—XII. Slogan bog near Randalstown, Antrim (Moore) :
Cyb. Sparingly in a bog above Dunloy, Antrim (Stewart): Flor.
N.-F.

3. D. intermedia Hayne—Long-leaved Sundew.
D. longifolia Linn. in part.
Districts I. — III. — — VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. Type, English.

Bogs; locally abundant in the West, very rare in the East.
Fl. July-August. Caleifuge A.

I. VI. VIII. TX. and XI. Frequent, occurring in many stations.
in Kerry, 8. Cork, Clare, Galway, Mayo, and Donegal.—III. Base of
Cullenagh, Queen’s Co., 1897; Praeger —X. On a mountain near
Florence Court, Co. Fermanagh: Flor. Hib.—not recently recorded
from this county. In Moyntagh bogs (Mr. Hyndman): Flor. Ulst.
Abundant in the bogs south of Annagariff Lake, Co, Armagh:
‘Praeger 1893.—XII. Marshy places at the foot of the Mourne
Mountains: Ir. Flor. 1833. Wet boggy ground by Colligan Bridge
on the Kilkeel river, also in a marsh to the south-west and again
further up the river near the foot of Slieve Bingian, Mourne
mountains: S.¢P. 2892. The Mourne mountains station is, so
far, the only one known for east Ireland.

To 600 ft. in Donegal and to 850 ft. in Galway (Hart); to
1000 ft. in Clare (WV C.).

ORDER XXV.—HALORAGEZ.

HIPPURIS Linn.
1. H. vulgaris Linn.— Ware’ s-tail.
Districts I.. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Lowland. Ditches, pools, slow streams, and lake margins;

frequent. £7. June-July.
A widely distributed species, but local in many districts.
138 HALORAGEA. [Myriophylum.

MYRIOPHYLLUM Linn.
1. M. verticillatum Linn.— Whorled Water-Milfoil.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Ditches, ponds, and canals; wide-spread but local.
Fi, Fune—August.

I. Ballyphehane Bog: Drummond z820—and in 1896; Phil-
lips.—II. In Youghal Bog, 1896, but quite rare in Cork ; Phallips.—
III. Barrow river near Portarlington: Hart 1885.—IV. Ditches
on the Murrough of Wicklow: Moore & More 1878.—V. Ditches
along the banks of the [Royal] Canal from the Crossguns to
Scribblestown: Jr. Flor. Frequent in the Royal and Grand
‘Canals, Dublin, 1895; W.C. Old quarry holes about Finglass
Bridge: Jr. Flor. 7833—and in 1893; WV. C. Ballitore, Kildare
(Carroll): Cyb. In the Barrow below Monasterevan : Hart 1885.—
VI. Ballyinch Bog near Tuam: Wade Gallovid. Plentiful about
Limerick (W. H. Harvey): Flor. Hib. Ditch by the bridge at
Portumna (Stewart): Ree. Add. River Suck, east of Clonbrock:
Praeger 1896.—VII. Bog near Multyfarnham, Westmeath (Moore) :
Herb. Glasnevin. At the north-west end of Lough Owel: Zevinge
1894.—VIII. In small lakes by the roadside near Ballynahinch,
Connemara: Mack. Rar. Lough Corrib, below Carn Seefin:
P.§ C. 1895.—IX. Ditches near Hollymount and Lough Carra,
Mayo: More 1860. Near Ballybay, Lough Ree: B.&V. 2887.
Lough Gara, Roscommon ; Praeger.—X. Derrygorry Brook, Favour
Royal, Tyrone: Hart 2887.—XI. Bog holes between Derry and
Fahan, the only locality known in Donegal; Hart.—XII. Bog
drains, Portmore Park (F. Whitla): Flor. Ulst. Sparingly in a
muddy drain on the south side of Lough Beg (Portmore), the only
locality in north-east Ireland (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Var, rxctinatum (DC.)—VII. Bog of Lynn, Westmeath:
Levinge 1894.

2. M. spicatum Linn.—Spiked Water-Milfoil.

Districts I. I. III. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XL XIL
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British.
Lowland. Ponds and ditches; frequent. F7. June-August.

Apparently not uncommon throughout Ireland, but frequently
confounded with the following species.
Myriophylium.] HALORAGER. 139

3. M. alterniflorum DC.— Alternate-flowered Water-Milfoil.

Districts I. I. IMI. IV. — VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Tye, British.
Ditches, ponds, and lakes, especially in peaty soil; frequent.
Fl, June-August.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and §. Cork. To 1180 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1380 ft. in Sligo (WV. C.); to 1200 ft. in Mayo (Hart).

CALLITRICHE Linn.

1. C. verna Linn. (Aggregate)— Water Starwort.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lakes, pools, ditches, and streams, also on damp ground;
common, 7. May—September.

C. vernalis Koch.

Districts — — — — V. — ~—~ ~—~ ~—~ X, ~— —
Lat. 583°-542°. East Ireland.

Ditches, pools, and slow streams; rare (?). 27. May—September.

VY. Abundant in muddy ditches near Huntstown, Co. Dublin,
1894; WV. C—X. Lower demesne, Tanderagee, Armagh (Rev. H.
W, Lett): Wats. B. Ex. C. Rep. 1895.

Probably not infrequent in Ireland, and confounded with other
segregates of C. verna.

C. stagnalis Scop.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably.

On wet mud and in muddy ditches; common. £7. May-September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in S. Cork. To 1200 ft. in Sligo
and in Dublin (¥. C.); to 1370 ft. in Mayo and to 1700 ft. in
Tipperary (Hart).

The commonest of the Irish Callitriches.

C. hamulata Kuetz.

Districts I. 11. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-55}°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, British.

Lakes, ponds, and streams; frequent. 7. June-September.
Caleifuge B.
140 HALORAGEA. [ Callitriche.

I. Common in Kerry; 2.W.S. Lough Boy, near the top of
Priest’s Leap mountain: Allin 7873. Near Goleen and Enniskeen ;
Phillips—I1. Ballyscanlon Lake, Waterford; Barrington.—
IV. Lough Dan, Wicklow; More. Aughnalaur river, near Chapel,
Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1890. Kelly’s Lough, Lugnaquilla, Wicklow,
and — V. Hollywood and Loughlinstown, Dublin; WV. C.—
VI. Glenstal, Co. Limerick: Hart z88r. At Rinekirk, Limerick :
Stewart 1890.—VII. Lough Derevaragh (H. & J. Groves): Levinge
1894.—VI1I. At Borrishoole and in the Mullet, Mayo (Babington) :
Cyb. Inishbofin: More 1876. Lake on Mweelrea; D. MeArdle.—
X. Bog drain between Poulaphuca and Blaney Bay, Lough Erne:
Barrington 1884. uxuriant at Carrick, Fermanagh: Stewart
1882,—XI. and XII. Common: Hart 1883 & Flor. N.-E.

To 1000 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1150 ft. in Down (S. § P.);
to 1900 ft. in Wicklow (VV. C.); to 1200 ft. in Mayo and 1120 ft.
in Kerry (Hart).

Var. vrepuncurata DC.—I. Near Clonakilty (Babington) :
Flor. Cork.—II. Near Newbury, Mallow, and near Midleton :
Allin’s Cork.—IV. Near Rosslare Harbour station, Wexford:
Yarshali 1898.— XII. Marshes by the Quoile below Downpatrick :
Flor, NV.-#. Mill dam near Hilltown, Down: 8S. & P. 7892.

C. obtusangula Le Gall.

Districts I. I. — IV. VY. — VIL —~ — — — —
Lat. 512°-533°. South and Middle Ireland.

Ditches, streams, and lakes; apparently rare. #7. May—Sept.

I. Abundant in Glanooragh stream, between Killarney and
Tralee ; ina ditch near Tralee, Kerry: 2. W. 8S. r8gz. Enniskeen, 8.
Cork, 1896; Phillips.—II. Youghal Bog, 1896; Phillips & R.W. S.—
IV. Ditches in the Murrough of Wicklow; Barrington. Ditches
at Churchtown and frequent near Rosslare, Wexford: Marshall
1898.—V. Ditch at Maynooth, Kildare: Praeger 1897.VII. Lough
Derevaragh, Westmeath (H. & J. Groves): Levinge 1894.

2. C. autumnalis Linn.— Autumnal Starwort.

Districts I. — — IV. — — ~— VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 52°-553°. North and West, chiefly. Zype, Scottish.

Ditches and lakes; rare. 7. June-August.

I. Shore of Ross Island, Lower Lake, Killarney (More) : Ree.
Add. Ross Bay and Long Range, Killarney Lakes; pond near
Tralee: &.W. 8. 1888.—VIII. Cong, Mayo (Babington): Cyb.—
Callitriche. | HALORAGEA. 141

TX. At the outlet of a small lake, a little east of Foxford, Mayo
(More): Cyb. Plentiful in the river at Sligo: B.g& V. 1885.—
X. At Omagh, and Strabane, Tyrone (Miss Knowles): Praeger
1897. Derryadd Bay, Lough Neagh, and Ballylane lake, south of
Market Hill, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. Kindrum lake: Hart
1879. Cloonea lake near Ardara: Hart 1886.—XII. Abundant
in ditches by the Lagan canal and in Lough Neagh, 1837; by the
Bann between Lough Neagh and Coleraine, 1835 : Moore US. & Herb.
At the Salmon Leap above Coleraine; plentiful in Lough Aghery
and sparingly in Carrickmannan Lake, Down (Stewart): Flor.
N.-H. Castlewellan Lake and Long Lough, Down (Stewart);
Derry Lake, Down; in the rivers at Bushfoot, and at Toome,
Antrim (Praeger): S.§ P. 1895.

Var. rruncata (Guss.)—IV. Broad ditch and adjacent pool by
the railway between Macmine Junction and Macmine Castle,
Wexford: Warshall r898.—Au interesting restoration to the Irish
flora, as the plant gathered by Isaac Carroll at Glansiskin, Co. Cork
and referred here by Prof. Babington (Manual 8th Ed.) proves, on
re-examination of the Cambridge herbarium specimens by Messrs.
H. & J. Groves, to belong to C. hamulata.

ORDER XXVI.—LYTHRARIEA.

PEPLIS Linn.
1. P. Portula Linn.— Water Purslane.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.

Watery places and in rills; locally abundant. 7. July-
August. Calcifuge A.

Sea-levelin Antrim andin Cork. To 1150 ft.in Down (S. & P.);
to 1200 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.); to 1250 ft. in Waterford (Hart).

LYTHRUM Linn.
1. L. Salicaria Linn.—Purple Loose-strife.
Hibernicé Cpeaécas ( Cray-uk-thuck), Wound plant (?).
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.
Lowland.  Ditch-banks, watery places, and peaty fallows;
common, 7. July-August.
142 ONAGRARIEZ. [ Epilobium.

ORDER XXVII.—_ONAGRARIEZ.

EPILOBIUM Linn.

1. E. angustifolium Linn.— Rose Bay.

E. spicatum Lamk.—Chamenerion angustifolium Scop.
Districts — — — IV. — — — — IX. — XI. XII.
Lat, 53°-553°. North Ireland, chiefly. Zype, British-Scottish.

Rocky places and wet banks; rare and very local. 7. July-
August.

IV. High cliffs overlooking the south-west shore of Lough
Nahanagan, Wicklow: Praeger r897.—IX. Truskmore; cliffs of
Glenade; and Aroo mountain, Leitrim: B. VY. 1885.—XI. Ravine
at Glen Giveny, Inishowen, and Errigal mountain near Gweedore
(Dickie): Flor. Ulster. Cliffs near Glenagiveny: Hart 1883.
Blue Stack mountains ; Hart.—XII. Cave Hill, 1793 (Zempleton) :
Whitla MS.—still there, 1896; Stewart. Near the head of the
Six Mile Water; Skerry rocks; rocks about Murlough ; braes near
Carntogher; Ben Bradagh, &c.: Zempleton UMS. Rocks at Mur-
lough, 1890; Rev. C. F. D'Arcy. Rocks between Torr Point and
Fair Head: Zr. Flor, Wolf Hill Glen and Woodburn (W. Millen) :
Hind 1854. Abundant at Woodburn waterfall (G. C. Hyndman) :
Flor. N.-E. Ballycastle (Miss Hincks): Flor. Ulst. Carrick-a-
Raide (Miss Reid); steep cliffs at Sallagh Braes and rocks at Red
Bay (Stewart); Cushendun and Caramurphy glens (Praeger) :
Flor. N.-#. Scawt Hill; Dunseverick; and several other stations
in Antrim (Praeger): S.§ P. 1895. Not rare along the basaltic
range from near Umbra to Clontygearagh, Derry, 1835: Moore US.
Cliffs of Eagle Mountain and cliffs south of Blue Lough, Down:
8.& P. 1892.

Sea-level in N. Antrim. To 1100 ft. in Derry (Cyb.); to
1500 ft. in Down (S. & P.); 1000-1650 ft. in Leitrim (B. & V.).

The records for Districts—IV. Among loose rocks at the Scalp,
near Enniskerry (#Vor. Hib.), and—V. Along a river side near
Margate, Collon, Louth (J. Flor.), have had no recent confirmation.
The plant was probably an escape in both stations, as it is in county
Armagh, in which latter county, however, it may have been origin-
ally native (see Praeger 1893).
Epilobium. | ONAGRARIEA. 143:

2. E. hirsutum Linn.— Great Willow Herb.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English-British.
Lowland. Wet places and banks of ditches, rivers, and streams ;.

frequent, but rare in many parts of the West. #7. July-August.

3. E. parviflorum Schreb.—Small-flowered Willow Herb.

Districts I, II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British-English.
Lowland. Wet places; common. 7. July—August.
E. parviflorum x obscurum—I. Glengariff: Druce z89z.

4, E. montanum Linn.— Smooth Willow Herb.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Woods, banks, walls, gardens, &c.; common. 7. June-August.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B. §V.); to 1900 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

5. +E. roseum Schreb.— Pale Willow Herb.

Districts — — — — VY. — — — — — — KIL
Lat. 583-643. North-East chiefly. Type, English.

Lowland. Moist walls and damp, shady places; rare. (?) 7.
July-August.

V. Casual on a wet wall near Queensborough, Louth: Praeger
7897. Abundant as a garden weed at Dundrum, Co. Dublin, 1897 ;
Praeger.— XII. In the orchard at Cranmore, 1820: Templeton US.
Abundant by the towing\path between the first and second locks
of the Lagan canal (Dr. R. Zempleton): Flor, N.-E.—no doubt the
same locality as ‘‘ banks of the Lagan near Cranmore”’ given in
Flor. Ulst. Belfast, 1846 (W. Thompson): Herb. Babington. Fields
near the Ulster railway terminus, Belfast (W. H. Ferguson): Flor.
Ulst. On a shaded wall at Ballyskeagh, close by the bridge over
the Lagan canal, Down, and in an old plantation by the Lagan at
Glenmore, Antrim, 1897 (J. H. Davies): Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 7.

Somewhat uncertain in its appearances and probably often over-
looked or confounded with £. montanum. Though apparently rare
144 ONAGRARIEA. [ Epilobiwm.

in Ireland, there is reason to believe that more careful observation
will prove the plant to be of not infrequent occurrence.

6. E. obscurum Schreb.—Square-stalked Willow Herb.

E. tetragonum Linn. in port—E. virgatum Fries.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Damp and marshy places; common. 7. July-August.
Sea-level in Antrim and Cork. To 1900 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).
E. obscurum x palustre.—I. Glengariff, Cork: Druce 1891.—
V. Garristown Bog, Co. Dublin; W. C.—VII. Bog of Linn, West-
meath: Linton 1896.—VIII. Oughterard, Galway: IL. & 8. 7896.—
XII. Glenariff ; Glenshesk ; and Giant’s Causeway: Shoolbred, 2894.

7. E. palustre Linn.—WYarsh Willow Herb.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. yye, British.
In boggy and marshy places; common. 7. July—August.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Donegal
and 2500 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

8. E. alsinefolium Vill— Mountain Willow Herb.

Districts — — — — ~—~ — — ~— IX, ~—~ ~ ~
Lat. 54°20’. County Leitrim only. Type, Highland.
_ Mountain cliffs and rills; very rare. FV. July.

IX. At the base of the limestone cliffs in Glenade, Co. Leitrim,
growing in the springs and at the foot of small trickling waterfalls

(Barrington) : Journ. of Bot. 2884, p. 247. So far, this is the only
Irish station known for the plant.

From 1000 to 1200 ft. in Leitrim (B. §-7.).
First found in Ireland by Barrington and Vowell in 1884.

CIRCA Linn,
1. C. lutetiana Linn.—Znchanter’s Nightshade.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VILL. IX. X. XT. XI.

Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Woods, shady places, gardens, &c. ; frequent. FJ. June-August.
To 900 ft. in Tipperary (Hart); but usually lowland,
Circea. | ONAGRARIEZ. 145

2. C. alpina Linn.— Alpine Enchanter’s Nightshade.

Districts — — — — V. — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 533°-552°, North and West. Type, Scottish-Highland.

Shady mountain glens and stony thickets; rare. 7. July—
September. ws

V. At the base of Carlingford mountain, Louth: Ir, Nat. 2893,
p. 227.—VIII. On the public road at Drimcong, between Galway
and Oughterard, and in various mountainous spots in Connemara:
Wade Rar, Mountains about Ballinahinch (J. White): Cyb.—
IX. Ben Bulben (Dickie): Flor. Vist. Atthe foot of the cliffs, Glen-
ade, and on Arroo mountain, Leitrim: B.& V. 1885.—X. Strabane
glen, Tyrone (Admiral Jones): Cyb. Omagh; Newtownstewart ;
and abundant in Strabane glen, Tyrone, 1896 (Miss I. C. Knowles) :
Ir. Nat. 1897. Shore of Lough Neagh, south of Ardmore Point,
Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893. Abundant on Inish-
macsaint ; Dacharne; Gublusk: and other islands in Lough Erne:
Praeger 1892.—XI. Inishowen Head (Dickie): Flor. Uist. Plen-
tiful on the hills: near Dunfanaghy, Donegal (Prof. £. Murphy):
Cyb. On the hills behind Sesiagh Lake, Dunfanaghy; also in
woods ‘by Gartan Lough near Church Hill: Hart 1880.—
XII. Colin Glen, 1804 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.—and in 1896;
Stewart. In Glenariff: Zempleton MS. and Shoolbred 71894.
Mountains about Glenarm: Jr. Flor. Cave Hill: Flor. Uist. Cave
Hill above the Whitewell quarries; Redhall Glen and Glendun
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Muff Glen and Desertmartin, Derry, 1835:
Moore US. -Frequent as a garden weed about Belfast: S. § P.
1895. Sparingly at Hollywood and Clandeboye, Down (Praeger) :
Flor. N.-E. Tollymore Park, Down: S.g P. 7892. By the Roe
near Limavady (Irs. Leebody): S.§ P. 1895.

From 500 to 1600 ft. in Leitrim (B. § V7).

Var. invermepia (hrh.) —IX. Roadside banks in Glencar,
Leitrim, 1896; WV. C.—X. On the banks of the Erne near Ennis-
killen: Ball 1839. Strabane Glen, Tyrone (Miss U. C. Knowles) :
Lr. Nat. 1897.—X1.. Shores of Lough Akibbon near Church Hill ;
Hart.—XII. .East side of Cave Hill near Belfast: Ball 2839. By
the path to the caves, Cave Hill (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Glenarift
and Glenshesk, Antrim: Shoolbred 2894. In Glendun, Antrim,
and as a garden weed at Hollywood, Down (Praeger): S.& P.
1895. .

L
146 UMBELLIFERA. [ Hydrocotyle...

ORDER XXVIII._UMBELLIFERZ.

HYDROCOTYLE Linn.

1. H. vulgaris Linn.—Warsh Pennywort.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Marshy and boggy places; common. £7. May-July. Calcifuge C..
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Down
(S. & P.) and in Dublin (M. C.).

ERYNGIUM Linn.
1. E. maritimum Linn.—Sea Holly.
Mibernicé Curtleann cpaige (Cullen traw), Strand Holly.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. — — XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Coasts of nearly all Ireland. ype, English-
British.

Sandy sea-shores; frequent, but local. #7. July-August.

SANICULA Linn.

1. §. europea Linn.—Saniele,

Districts I. Il. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods and bushy places; frequent. Fl. May-J uly.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Down

(8. & P.).
CONIUM Linn.
1. C. maculatum Linn.— Hemlock.

Districts I. II, I1I. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIt.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Banks, hedges, and waste places; frequent. FV.
June—July,

Abundant near the sea, rare inland, and usually in the neigh-
bourhood of ruins or dwellings,
Smyrnium. ] UMBELLIFERA. 147

SMYRNIUM Linn.

1. {8. Olusatrum Linn.— Alexanders.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English.

Lowland. Hedges, waste places, and amongst ruins; frequent.
Fl, April-June.

Dr. Rutty, in his Watural History of the County of Dublin, 1772,
tells us that this plant: ‘“‘ was formerly blanched in our gardens
and eaten with oil, salt, and pepper; but of late has given way to
Cellery.”’ Though perhaps introduced in all its localities, it is
extremely abundant and has all the appearance of a native in many
districts, especially near the sea. Inland, it is much rarer and
usually appears as an obviously introduced plant.

APIUM Linn.

1. A. graveolens Linn.— Wild Celery.

Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. — VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°, From South to North. Zype, English.

Lowland. Watery places and brackish ditches near the sea;
locally abundant. 7. June-August.

Rare in all its inland stations, where it occurs only as a relic
of cultivation.

2. A. nodiflorum Reichb. fil.—Procumbent Water-Parsnep.

Helosciadium nodiflorum Koch.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.

Ditches, streams, and watery places; common. 7. July—
August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 900 ft. in Dublin
(NW. C.).

Var. ocnzatum Bab.—VII. Shore of Lough Owel and Lough
Derevaragh, Westmeath: Lenton 1896.

The variety REPENS Hook fil—Helosciadiwm repens (Koch)—
has been recorded from several counties; but there is reason to fear
some error of identification.

L2
148 UMBELLIFERA. [Apium.

3. A. inundatum Reichb. /il.—Least Marsh-wort.

Helosciadium inundatum Koch.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat, 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Shallow ponds, ditches, and bog-pits; frequent. 7, June—
_August.

To 700 ft. in Kerry (Hart); but usually lowland.

Var. Moorrr Syme—X. In the Blackwater at Maghery; near
the mouth of the Closet River; in a marsh near Morrow’s Point, in
the S.-E. corner of Lough Neagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. In drains
near Portmore, Antrim (Moore): Cyd. In drains at Selshan,
Antrim, and by the Quoile near Inch Abbey, Down: (Stewart):
Flor. N.-E£. Marsh at Saul, near Downpatrick, and by the Bann
below Kilrea (Praeger): 8S. & P. 1895.

This variety is described in Syme’s Anglish Botany, vol. w., 1865,
p. 102.

CICUTA Linn.

1. C. virosa Linn.— Water-Hemlock.

Districts — — — — V. — VIL — IX. X. — XI
Lat. 533°-552°. Middle and North. Type, English (2s .

Lowland. In ditches and by the sides of rivers and lakes; very
local. #7. June-August.

V. Ardee Bog; along the riverside at Mansfieldtown; and
Blackmills, Louth: Zr. Flor. Lough Crew near Oldcastle, Meath:
Praeger 1897.—VI1. Bog of Linn, near Mullingar: Jr. Flor. By
the’ edge of Lough Ennel near the mouth of the Brosna river:
Levinge 1894. Edge of Belvedere Lake, Westmeath, 1891 ; Levinge.
On both sides of Lough Ree at Lanesborough: B. §V. 1887—this
station extends into—IX. In a lake in the county of Leitrim
(Admiral Jones); Gortinty Lough near Drumsna (FT. Foot): Cyd.
Plentiful in Lough Botin, Leitrim (W. 7. Dyer): Ree. Add.
Frequent in drains at the south end of Lough Allen: Stewart 288 5.
X. In Cavan and Fermanagh: Axnot. in Threlkeld. “ This T found
in my travel in the counties of Cavan and Fermanagh” (Dr. Rutty) :
Nat. His. Dublin, [., p. r7z. About several lakes in Co. Monaghan
and near the foot of the Blackwater, 1805: Templeton US. Plen.
tiful in drains and on the banks of Lough Erne, Co. Fermanagh
(Dr. Scott): Mack. Rar, Tn a marsh at,Crum Castle, Upper Lough
Cicuta. | UMBELLIFERA. 149

Erne: Barrington 7884. On a small island near Maghery and on
the shores of Lough Neagh in Armagh (Rev. G. Robinson): Flor.
Uist. In Closet River, Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett); along the
shore of Lough Neagh; in the Newry canal; in Mullaghmore
Lough and Lough Gilly: Praeger 7893. In ditches near the lake
at Farnham, Cavan: Flor. Hij.—XII. In the Lagan above Lis-
burn, and drains at Portmore, 1794: Templeton US. At Portmore :
B.N. F.C. Proce. 7872, Abundant near Lough Neagh and Lough
Beg; by the side of the Bann from Lough Beg to near Coleraine,
occasionally (Moore): Cyb. Legacurry, north-east of Hillsborough,
Down, in the mill-dam and down the river: TZempleton MUS.
Drumkee bog, Tullycairne, Down (Corry): Flor. N.-E.

_ First discovered by Dr. John Rutty in Cavan and Fermanagh,
before 1772.

CARUM Linn.

1. ¢. verticillatum Koch— Whorled Caraway.

Districts I. II. — — — — — — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-553°. South-West and North. Type, Atlantic.

Moist meadows and salt marshes; locally abundant. JJ, July-
August.

I. Found near the Laune Bridge, Killarney, August, 1804, and.
between Kenmare and Priest’s Leap mountain, 1805: Mack. Rar.
A common plant in many parts of Kerry; 2.W.S. By the old
Kenmare road on Priest’s Leap, Co. Cork (Carroll): Alhin’s Cork.
Near Bantry Bay (W. Wilson), and—II. By a roadside west of
Millstreet, Cork (Carroll): Flor. Cork.—XI. By Lough Eske, at
the north-east corner: Hart 1885 y.—XII. Bann side below Cole-
raine, 1797: Templeton MS. Abundant by the Bann, both above
and below Coleraine: Moore US. Very abundant at its Coleraine
station, and extends down the Bann to the coast sandhills: 8. ¢ P.
7895. Abundant on the headlands at the Giant’s Causeway, 1887
(Praeger): Flor. N.-E. By the Lagan near Belfast (Moore): Cyd.
Not now found near Belfast: S.§ P. 2895. Wet moor at Carn-
sampson, near Ballycastle (Praeger and Carr): Ir. Nat. 1897,
Dp. 301.

To 700 ft. in Kerry (Hart) ; ‘but usually lowland.

First found by Templeton in 1797, and first a by
Mackay in 1806.
150. UMBELLIFERZ. [ Scum.

SIUM Linn.
1. 8. latifolium Linn. —Broad-leaved Water-Parsnep.
Districts — — — — V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XL. XIL

Lat. 523°-553°. Middle and North. ype, English-Germanic.

Lowland. River-sides, ditches, and watery places; local and
rare. 7. July-August.

V. Boggy places near Slane: Jr. Flor—VI. By the Shannon
near Limerick; near Corofin, Clare; by the Fergus, near Ennis:
Mack Rar, Still in the last station: Corry 1880. Dromore
Lake near Corofin (Ff. J. Foot): Cyb. Near Tuam and in ditches
between Milough 4nd Ballinasloe: Wade Rar. Near the bridge at
Portumna (Moore): Cyb. By the Suck east of Clonbrock: Praeger
1896.—VII. Near Mullingar, Westmeath (Ff. J. Foot): Cyb. Ina
ditch near Shannon Harbour: Graham 18go0. Kast side of the Shan-
non at Portumna bridge, Tipperary (If. Dowd): Ree. Add.—IX. In
many places around Lough Ree: B.&V. 1887.—X. On the banks
of a river near Lough Erne (Dr. Scott): Mack. Rar. Plentiful
near Enniskillen, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.—XI. Near
Culmore, Derry, 1835: Moore MS.—not seen there recently—
XII. In'the large drain at Portmore Park (Zempleton): Whitla MS,
West endof Glenarm Park (G. Dickie): Flor. Ulst. Between the Bann
and Portstewart, and near Lough Neagh in Derry; marsh at
Selshan by Lough Neagh, Antrim (Moore): Cyd.

2. §. angustifolium Linn.—Warrow-leaved Water-Parsnep.

8. erectum Huds.—Berula angustifolia Koch.
Districts I. II, ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI, XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, English-British.
Lowland. Ditches and marshy places; frequent and locally
abundant. 7, July-September.
Rare in the North, especially in Co. Donegal.

AEGOPODIUM Linn.

1. { &. Podagraria Linn.— Gout-weed,

Districts I, II, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.

Lowland. ‘Woods, hedges, waste places, by ruins, and in gar-
dens; frequent. 7. June-July.
Aigopodium. | UMBELLIFERA, 1651

Rare in the South and West; abundant in many parts of Ulster
and East Ireland. Usually occurring in the neighbourhood of
‘dwellings, but thoroughly established and occasionally appearing in
wild-looking stations.

PIMPINELLA Linn.

1. P. Saxifraga Linn.— Burnet Saxifrage,

Districts I. II. III, IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX, X, XI, XIL
Lat. 52°-55}°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British,

Dry pastures, banks, and gravelly places; rather common. 1,
July-August. Calcicole B.

Very rare in Kerry and rare in Donegal; common on the lime-
‘stone, especially in the East and Centre.

From sea-level to 850 ft. in Dublin (4. C.); but usually
lowland.

2. P. magna Linn.—Greater Burnet Saxifrage.

_P. major Huds.

Districts I. II. — — — VI. VII. VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 513°-54°. South and West. Zype, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Bushy banks; local and rather rare. F7. July-
August. Calcicole B.
I. Muckross Woods near the Abbey: Mack. Rar. 1806—and in
1896; R.W.S. At Killarney (Babington): Cyb. Ditchbanks by
the road at Ballyferriter, Dingle promontory: Hart. 7884. Near
. Beaufort bridge; Ballycarty; and several other localities in Kerry ;
R.W.S. Castletownsend, at the Point, abundantly; rare in South
Cork: Allin’s Cork.—II. In great plenty about Cork: Smith’s
Cork. By the rivers Funcheon and Owbeg, North Cork, 1896;
R.W.S. Near Buttevant; Charleville; Kilcoleman (Carroll);
_locally abundant in the north of the county: -Allin’s Cork. By the
Blackwater above Lismore, Waterford: Hart 1885 8.—VI. About
the high-road, Rostrevor, Clare: Wade Rar. Scattery Island
,opposite Kilrush, Clare (Moore): Cyd. Near Kilronan, Aranmore
Island: Olwer 285z. Abundant in Aranmore Island: Hart 1875,
Near Rinekirk and about Foynes, Limerick: Stewart 1890.
Plassy near Limerick (Carroll); and Ballingarry, Limerick (Jf,
Gubbins): Cyb.—VII. In North Tipperary, between Boher and
Glenstal; at Anna Cooty; and near Newmarket: Hart 1887 y.—
152 UMBELLIFERA. [ Pimpinella.

‘VIII. Dangan, beyond Galway: Wade Gallovid. In abundance,
half way between Galway and Oughterard: Graham z8go. About
Oughterard (Moore): Cyb—IX. Plentiful at Cong, Mayo: Wade
Gallovid r8or—still plentiful there in 1895; Miss UZ. F, Jackson.
Banks of the Moy above Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyb.

CONOPODIUM Koch.
1. C. denudatum Koch—Pig-nut.

Bunium flecuosum With. . ;
Districts I. I. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI, XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods and pastures; frequent. 7. May-June.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1300 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B. &V,).

MYRRHIS Scop.

1. *M. odorata Scop.—Sweet Cicely.

Districts — — — — [V.] — [VII] — — X. XI. XI.
Waste places, roadsides, &c.; usually near houses and nowhere
native. £1. May—July.
[V. Near Oldcastle and other places in county Meath (Rev.
Mr, Halpin): Flor. Hib.—VII. Churchyard of Crossadree, West-
“meath (Miss E. Reynell): Cyb.—not recently reported from Dis-
“tricts V. or VII.]—X. Tanderagee, Armagh (Rev. G. Robinson) :
’ Flor. Uist. Roadsides near Eglish Church; at base of Camlough
mountain; and at Ballymyre, Armagh: Praeger 1893. Near
Monaghan (Miss Maffett): Cyb—XI. In Donegal, near Killybegs,
&c., but always near cottages (More): Cyd. Rathmelton and Tully
churchyards : Hart 1880.— XII. Waste places at Bellaghy and
Ballycarry (W. H. Ferguson); in Colin Glen (Dickie); at -Bally-
ronan and Moneymore, Derry (Rev. W. T. Whan): Flor. Ulst.
“In Co. Down, at Hillsborough and Newtownards (Stewart): Cyd.
At Dundonald (Praeger); between Comber and Castle Espie ( Corry) :
‘Flor. N.-#. Among rocks at Umbra, Magilligan (Moore): Flor.
- Hb. Loughbrickland and Annaclone, Down (Rev. W. H. Lett);
‘Glendun (Rev. S. A. Brenan); Dunseverick; Giant’s Causeway,
- &e. (Praeger); and many other stations in Down and Antrim:
S.§ P. 1895. Often found near houses as an escape, but certainly
naturalized in some places: Flor. N.-E.
Cherophyllum. | UMBELLIFER A. 153:

CHAROPHYLLUM Linn.

1. + C. temulum Linn.— Rough Chervil,

Districts — — III. IV. V. VI. VII. — —.X. — XIL
Lat. 523°-55}°. East Ireland, chiefly. Zype, British-English.
Lowland. Hedge-banks and roadsides; rare. 7. June-July.
ITI. Roadsides near Kilnock, Carlow (Carroll): Cyb. Between
Maganey and Carlow, and between Milford and Leighlin Bridge :
Hart 1885.—IV. Near Kilcool and Killincarrig, Wicklow, 1870;
Hart.—V. Plentiful by the roadside a mile north of Dunleer, Louth ;
Barrington. Roadside a little south of Dundalk: Templeton MS.
Plentiful by roadsides near Mansfieldtown, Louth, 1895; JW. C.
Laytown; Kilmessan; Navan, &c., Meath: Praeger 1897. Near
‘Dublin, at Glasnevin; Donnybrook, &c.: Jr. Flor. Hedge banks
near Coolock (Moore): Cyb. Roadside west of Lucan, Co. Dublin,
1895; W.C. Hedge near Old Connaught (Barrington): Reo. Add.
By the Barrow a little above Athy, Kildare: Aart 1885.—VI. At
‘Finnevara, Co. Clare, 1895; P. 8. O’ Kelly.—VII. Edenderry,
King’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—X. Near Maghery ferry; near Mill-
‘town; near Derryadd Bay, &c., Armagh, chiefly near the shores of
‘Lough Neagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. Ballycastle (Miss Hincks) :
Flor. Vist. On the shores of Lough Neagh near Ballyronan (Moore) :
:Cyb. Plentiful on the roadside and on bushy banks of Lough
Neagh near Derrymore, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
Doubtfully native in many of its Irish stations.

SCANDIX Linn.
1, S.-Pecten-Veneris Linn.—Shepherd’s Needle.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI, XIL
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Lowland. Cultivated fields; frequent. 7. June-August.
A wide-spread species; but seldom abundant.

ANTHRISCUS Bernh.
1. A. vulgaris Pers.— Beaked Parsley.

Districts [I.] II: II. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. 1X. — [XI.] XII.
Lat. 52°-552°, Throughout Ireland, almost. Zype, British.

Lowland. Roadsides, dry banks, and waste places, especially
-in sandy soil; rather rare. /7. May—June.
154 UMBELLIFERZ. [ Anthriscus.

[I. About Tullig, west of Killorglin, Kerry, the only locality
known in the county; 2.W.S. Casual in Co. Cork: <Allin’'s
Cork.|—II. Ruins near Clonmel; Miss 8. Grubb. Fethard, Tip-
perary; 2&.W.S.—III. Between Browne’s Hill and Carlow, and
near Ballinacarrig (R. Clayton Browne); between Mountrath and
the railway station (Z. Chandlee): Rec. Add. Abundant about
Jerpoint Abbey, Thomastown; Dr. E. P. Wright.  Leighlin
Bridge, Carlow: Hart 1885.—IV. Plentiful on the Murrough of
Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Lady’s Island, Wexford: Hart 1883 B.
Rosslare, Wexford: B.-H. § Ul. 1892a.—V. Between Merrion and
Booterstown: Wade Dubl. r7og. Frequent in Co. Dublin, and
abundant at Rush; Skerries; Sutton; Portrane; and other stations
on the coast, 1894; W.C. At Betaghstown, coast of Meath;
Hart.—V1. About Kilronan, Aranmore Island: Hart 1875.—
VIL. At Kinnegad, Westmeath, 1815: Templeton, Journal. By
Lough Ree, near Lanesborough, Longford; and at Coosan Point,
Westmeath: B.& V. 2887.—VIII. and IX. About the village of
Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyb—[XI. A casual at Culmore, Inish-
owen (W.E. Hart); very rare and hardly established in Donegal ;
Hart.|—XII. Gravelly banks on the Curran of Larne, 1794
(Lempleton): Whitla MS.—still there: 8. P. 7895. Abundant
at Magilligan, 1835: Moore US. At Magilligan, 1878 (Corry);
in several stations in Down; but not common in north-east Ireland :

Flor. N.-E,

2. A. sylvestris Hoffm.— Cow-Parsiey,

Cherophyllum sylwestre Linn.
Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 512°-55°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Hedge-banks, shady places, &c.; common. 7. April—June.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Kerry, To 1500 ft. in Sligo
(WV. C); to 2400 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).
Rare in Cork and in Kerry, and in many parts of the West.

FQNICULUM Linn.

1, {F. officinale All,— Fennel,

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — VIII — — — XIL
Lat. 513°-54}°, South and South-East, chiefly. Type, English.
Lowland. Dry banks and waste places, usually near houses;
Fentculum. | UMBELLIFERA. 155

perhaps native on the south coast, but elsewhere rare and obviously
introduced. 7. July—August.

I. On a bridge in the Improvements at Lixnaw, growing wild
plentifully: Smith's Kerry. By Barrow Harbour, Kerry; &.W. 8.
Plentiful from Old Court to Baltimore, Cork, 1896; Phillips.
II. Common about the harbour of Cork and apparently indigenous
(Carroll); naturalized at Glanworth castle, Fermoy (Z. Chandlee) ;
near Clonmel, Tipperary, and Dunmore on the Waterford coast
(Miss 8. Grubb): Cyb. Waterford coast opposite Youghal: Hart
1883 8. Blenheim Hill; near Creadon Head, &c., Waterford:
B.-H. & G. 1889.—IV. On the coast at Curracloa, Wexford
(J. Morrison): Cyb. Coast near Kilmichael Point, Wicklow: Hart
188za.—vV. Killiney; Chapelizod; Clonskeagh, &c.: Wade Dubl.
On rough banks near the Bray river: Templeton US.—and in 1894;
NV, C. Frequent in Co. Dublin and thoroughly established at Knock-
maroon, 1894; and above the Ward river at Swords, 1895; WV. C.—
VI. Railway bank in slob-land near Foynes, Limerick: Stewart
r89o.—VIII. Near Galway, an escape (Prof. Melville): Cyb.—
XII. On both sides of Killough Bay, Down (Stewart): Rec. Add.

CRITHMUM Linn.

1. C. maritimum Linn.—Sampiire. |

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI, XII
Lat. 514°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, Atlantic.

By the sea, on rocks, cliffs, and clay banks, also on shingly
beaches; frequent. £7. July-August.

Very rare in District XII., where it occurs only in Co. Down
near Bangor and at Kearney Point in the Ards, in both stations
very sparingly (Stewart): Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 297.

CENANTHE Linn.

1. &. fistulosa Linn.— Common Water-Dropwort,

Districts I. Il. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. — IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 512°-55}°, Throughout Ireland, almost. Zype, English-British.
Lowland. Ditches, pools, slow streams, and marshy meadows;
frequent. £7. July-August.
Rare in north-east Ireland, very rare in Donegal, and apparently
absent from Kerry.
156 UMBELLIFERZ. [ Gnanthe.

2. + @. pimpinelloides Linn.— Pimpernel Dropwort.

Districts — II — — — — — — ~—~ ~ ~— —
Lat. 51° 48’. Co. Cork only. Zype, English.

Lowland. Pastures near the sea; veryrare. FV. June-August.

II. In some abundance in an extensive pasture field at
Trabolgan, Co. Cork, 1896-97; Phillips.

The only locality at present known to Mr. Phillips is a large
grazing field sheltered by plantations forming part of the extensive
demesne of Trabolgan, where the plant is not free from the
suspicion of having been accidentally introduced. Its distribution
in England, however, is quite consistent with its appearance as a
native in the south of Ireland; and as the plant might easily be
mistaken for G@. Lachenalii there is a good reason to expect its
discovery in other localities in the South. On the whole, it appears
to be entitled, at least, provisionally, to a place in the Irish flora.

The earlier Irish records for this plant in Flor. Hib. should no
doubt be referred to the following species.

8. GE. Lachenalii C. Gmel.—Sea-side Dropwort.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XIL
Lat. 513°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. ype, English-British.
Salt marshes; frequent. 7. August-September.

4. G. crocata Linn.— Hemlock Water-Dropwort.

Districts I. II. I. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XI,
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Ditches, river-banks, &c.; frequent. 7. June—July.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and S. Cork. To 800 ft. in Dublin
(W. C.) ; but usually lowland.

5. @. Phellandrium Lamk.— Fine-leaved Water-Dropwort.

Phellandyium aquaticum Linn.
Districts — IL. III. IV. V. VI. VII.. VIII. IX. X. — XIL
Lat. 522°-55}°, Throughout Ireland, almost. .Zype, English-
Germanic.
Lowland. Rivers, lakes, canals, &c. ; frequent. 7. June—Aug.
Frequent and locally abundant in many of the Irish rivers and
lakes, as in the Shannon, Barrow, N ore, Suir, Blackwater, Boyne,
Gnanthe. | UMBELLIFERZ. 157

Fergus, and Bann, and in Loughs Ree, Erne, and Neagh, also in the
Royal and Grand Canals in Dublin, and the Lagan canal in Antrim.
Rare in the South and West and apparently absent from Donegal
and Kerry.

Var, wuuviatiiis (Coleman)—V. Grand Canal, Kildare: Cyd.
Royal Canal near Dublin and Lucan, 1890; 2.W. S.—VII. Grand
Canal between Monasterevan and Portarlington: Cyd.

ATHUSA Linn.

1. A. Cynapium Linn.—Pool’s Parsley.

Districts I. II. ITT. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Lowland (?). In cultivated and waste ground; frequent and
locally abundant. £7. July-August.

LIGUSTICUM Linn.

1. L. seoticum, Linn.— Scottish Lovage.

Haloscias scoticum Fries.
Districts -—- — — — — — — — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 543°-552°. North coast of Ireland. Type, Scottish.

Sea-cliffs and rocky shores; rare. J. July-August.

XI. Norway Point, Clonmanny, Donegal, 1839: Herb. C. Moore.
In great profusion at Inishowen Head, and at Culdaff and Giveny
in the same District (Dickie): Flor. Uist. Downing’s Bay near
Carrigart and at Dunaff Head (Hart): Rec. Add. Cliffs of Erris;
Fanet Point; shores of Mulroy Bay at Glinsk and Ballyhooriskey ;
Melmore Point ; Horn Head ; and east of Dunfanaghy ; characteristic
of the Donegal sea cliffs: Hart 2879. On Tory Island: Barrington
z879.—XII. On the rocks about Donaghadee and the Copeland
Isles, 1793 (Templeton): Whitla MS. Mew Island off Donaghadee
(Corry): Flor, N.-£. Garron Head, near Cushendall, Antrim
(Moore): Cyb. Between Portstewart and Portrush in several
places where the sea-spray washes over it: Moore MS. Sparingly
at Downhill, Derry, and still plentiful between Portrush and Port-
stewart (Urs. Leebody): S.&P. 1895. Rocks on the shore at
Bushfoot, Antrim, 1888 (Praeger); and re-found at Garron Point
(Rev. 8. A. Brenan): B..N. F.C. Proc. 1892-93.

First fgund by. Templeton in 1798.
158 UMBELLIFERA. [Angelica.

ANGELICA Linn.
1. A. sylvestris Linn.— Wild Angelica.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Damp woods, by ditches, and streams, and on moist mountain
and sea-cliffs; common. 7. July-August.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry
(Hart); to 1700 ft. in Ben Bulben district (B. &V.); to 2100 ft. in
Mayo and 2500 ft. in Tipperary (Hart) ; to 2800 ft. in Kerry (W.C.).

PEUCEDANUM Linn.
1. *P. sativum Benth.— Wild Parsnep.

Pastinaca sativa Linn.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VII. — — XI. XH.
Lat. 513°-554°. From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. Roadsides, quarries, and waste places in light soils;
rare in a fully naturalized state. 7. June—July.

I, Roadsides near Killorglin and the Spa, Tralee; &.W. S.
Roadside near Rathclaren rectory, Cork: Allin’s Cork.—II. Strand
of Little Island, Cork: Drummond 1818. Near Whitepoint, Cove :
Flor, Cork. At Youghal and Ballycotton, 1853 (J. Sullivan) :
Annot. in Flor. Cork. Roadside at Ballycrenane near Cloyne:
Allin’s Cork. Abundant on roadsides and in fields near Gearagh,
Macroom, 1897; Phillips. Near Ardmore, Waterford (Rev. Z-
Allin): Rec. Add. 1872— and in 1882: Hart 18838. Near
Passage, Waterford: B.-H.% G. 1889.—III. On the esker near
Maryborough; Praeger. Abundant on railway banks near Portar-
lington, 1896; W.C.—IV. Rosslare; Fethard; and Duncannon,
Wexford; looking native on sand-hills at Rosslare: Hart 1883 B.
By fences near Pilltown stage and near Cheek Point, Wexford:
B.-H. & G. 1889.—V. Plentiful about the quarry near Finglas
Bridge: Wade Dubl. z794—still abundant there and thoroughly
naturalized in 1895; V.C. Old and new quarries above Sutton
and Howth (J. White); and near Ballitore, Kildare (7. Chandlee) :
Cyb.—VI. Among ruins at Kilmurvy, Aranmore Island: Hart
1875.—VIIL. Roadsides and banks about Newport, Mayo: Hart
1853 4.—XI. Donegal Castle (Hart): Ree. Add.—XII, Near the
Poucedanum. | UMBELLIFERZ. 159:

foot of the Crumlin river, 1799: Zempleton MS. Abundant in
sandy cultivated fields at Magilligan, Derry (Moore): Cyb.—still
abundant there and quite naturalized: 8.4 P. 2895.

HERACLEUM Linn.
1. H. Sphondylium Linn.— Cow-Parsnep.

Districts I. TI. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Meadows, hedges, and waste places; common. /%. June-
August. oe

Sea-level in N. Donegal and §. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry
(Hart); to 1600 ft. in Ben Bulben District (B. § V.).

DAUCUS Linn.
1. D. Carota Linn.— Wild Carrot.

Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Dry banks, pastures, and waste places, especially near the coast;
common. 7, July-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 600 ft. in Dublin
(NV. C.); but usually lowland.

CAUCALIS Linn.

1. C. Anthriscus Huds.— Upright Hedge-Parsley.

Torilis Anthriscus Geertn.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.
Hedges, waysides, and waste places; common, 7%. July-
September.
Sea-level in Antrim and Cork.. To 900 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

2. C. nodosa Scop.—Knotted Hedge-Parsley.

Tortlis nodosa Geertn.

Districts I. I. — IV..V. VI. VII. — — X. [XL] XII.

Lat. 514°-552°. From South to North. Zype, English.
Lowland. Dry banks, waste places, at foot of walls, &c.;

frequent. #1. June-August.

’
160 UMBELLIFERZ. _ [Cauealis,

I. By Kenmare Harbour; in several localities about Tralee ;
Fenit; Ardfert, &c.; frequent in North Kerry; &.W.S. At
Baltimore; on Inish Sherkin; and near Bro Head, 1896; and—
II. At Ballycotton, 1895, and Glanmire, 1896; not infrequent in
Co. Cork; Phillips. Fethard, Tipperary; Praeger. Mime Head,
Waterford, and—IV. Tinnyberna and Bannow Island, Wexford :
Hart 18838. Near Bray; Greenwood Pim.—V. In dry banks
below Ringsend, lying upon the ground near the sea; Threlkeld,
Donabate; Skerries ; St. Patrick’s Island; Drimnagh, &¢. ; frequent
in Co. Dublin; W.C.—VI. In the Isles of Aran (Dr. £. P. Wright) :
Herb. T. C.D, Roadsides near Portumna, 1896; V. C_—VII. Re-
corded for this District in Ist Ed. Cyd. but no locality available.—
X. Roadside at Drumintee Chapel, west of Jonesborough, and on
the bridge over’ the Bann on the borders of Down and Armagh:
Praeger 1893.—[ XI. Very sparingly and casually introduced near
Moville, Donegal; W. £. Hart)].—XII. Gravelly banks on the
Curran of Larne, 1797 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.  Ballyronan,
Derry (Rev. W. J. Whan); Ballycastle, Antrim (Miss Hincks): Flor.
Uist. Carnlough Bay, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Frequent in some
parts of the Co. Down coast, especially between Ardglass and
Clough; roadside near Portbradden and Giant’s Causeway, Antrim
(Stewart): Flor, N.-£.

Less frequent inland than near the coast.

ORDER XXIX.—ARALIACEA.
HEDERA Linn.
1. H. Helix Linn.—hy.

Hibernicé Cibean (Lovin).
Districts I. IZ. III, IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X, XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Rocks, banks, woods, walls, &.; common. F%. October—
November.
: Sea-level in N. Donegal and S. Cork.. To 1740 ft. in Mayo
(Hart) ; to,2000 ft. in Down (8. & P.).
. The so-called ‘Trish ivy” has not yet been found. growing in
Ireland in any place in which it can be considered native,
Cornus. | CORNACEA, 161

ORDER XXX.—CORNACEZ,

CORNUS Linn.
1. C. sanguinea Linn.— Cornel; Dogwood.
Districts — — — — — VI. VIL — IX. X% XI, —

Lat. 58°-543°. West Ireland, chiefly. Type, English.

Hedges, thickets, and rocky places; rare. J. June-July.

VI. In crevices of limestone rocks, South Isles of Aran, truly
wild: Mack. Cat. § Flor. Hib. On all three Isles of Aran, especi-
ally by the shore west of Killeaney (Hart): Rec. Add, Ballyna-
lacken, Co. Clare: Corry z880. Near Poulsallagh, Clare, 1892;
Levinge.—VII. On Bounla Island, Lough Derg, Tipperary, sparingly,
but appearing native, 1896; W.C. Knock Ross, Westmeath, well
established if not indigenous: Levinge 7894. Hedges four miles
west of, and also one mile north of, Philipstown: Praeger 1897.—
IX. In considerable quantity on the limestone cliffs of Seafin,
Sligo, 1896; WC. Cliffs of Kesh Corran, Sligo, 1897; Praeger.—
X. On an islet in the lake at Lough Gall manor, Armagh, ap-
parently indigenous: More 2860.—XI. Sparingly on the right
bank of the Erne and the left bank of the Bundoran river, native :
Hart 1885 y.

Also recorded from the counties of Cork, Kilkenny, Carlow,
Dublin, and Kildare, where, however, there is reason to suspect
that it was planted.

To 900 ft. in Sligo (WV, C,), but usually lowland.

ORDER XXXI,.—CAPRIFOLIACEA,

ADOXA Linn.

1. A. Moschatellina Linn.—Woschatel,

Districts — — — — — — — — — — — XI.
Lat. 54° 35’. Co. Antrim only. Type, British.
Bushy places and shady banks; very rare. 7. April-May.
XII. “Found on the shaded banks of the Milewater River about
a quarter mile above where the tide flows. First observed there by
‘Dr. J. L, Drummond and seen by myself in April, 1820:” Zemple-
ton MS. Cave Hill and Glen of Jennymount [Milewater stream]
M
162 CAPRIFOLIACEA. [ Adoxa.

near Belfast (Dr. Drummond & Mr. Whitla): Flor. Hib. Seen
growing sparingly in the Milewater and Jennymount stations,
which are practically one, by Z. H. Corry in 1878: Flor. W.-E.
Among bushes in the Deer Park at Cave Hill; and Belvoir Park
(Mr. Millen): Flor, Ulst. Still lingers in one spot by the Mile-
water, and under one or two fallen rocks in the Deer Park: For,
N.-E. Almost extinct now: 8. & P. 7895.

Setting aside the Belvoir Park station as suspicious, there is
reason to believe that the plant is (or was) native on Cave Hill and
by the Milewater. It seems doomed to early extinction.

SAMBUCUS Linn.
1. S. nigra Linn.— Eider.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Hedges, woods, thickets, &c.; frequent. #7. June-July.
Sea-level to 1100 ft, in Dublin (™ C.).
Frequently planted in cottage gardens and rarely occurring in
thoroughly wild stations.

2. *S. Ebulus Linn.— Dwarf Elder ; Danewort.

Districts I. II, II. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, English.

Hedges, banks, waysides, rocky places, and about ruins; rather
rare and usually in suspicious situations. 7.July-August. Calei-
cole C.

In most cases a more or less obvious garden outcast or relic of
ancient cultivation, but well established in many stations and looking
wild enough on limestone crags in Co. Clare.

VIBURNUM Linn.

1. V. Opulus Linn.— Guelder Rose.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat, 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Woods, hedges, and bushy or rocky places; frequent. FZ,
June-July.

To 1000 ft. in Queen’s Co. (Hart).
Lonicera. | CAPRIFOLIACEA. 163

LONICERA Linn.
1. L. Periclymenum Linn.— Woodbine; Honeysuckle.

Hibernicé Peatlosg (Fay-loge).
Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Woods, hedges, and rocky places; common. 7. June-August.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Down
(S.&P.); to 1600 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

ORDER XXXII.—RUBIACER.
RUBIA Linn.
1. R. peregrina Linn.— Wild Madder.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VII. IX. — — —
Lat. 513°-533°. South and West, chiefly. Zype, Atlantic.

Lowland. Bushy banks and rocky places, usually near the sea;
locally abundant. F7.June-August. Caleicole B.

I. In the island of Inisfallen near Lough-lane: Smith's Kerry.
Abundant at Ross; Muckross; and Inisfallen, Killarney: Wade
Rar. r8og—and in 1890; &.W.S. Near Kenmare; Derrynane;
Barrow Harbour, Kerry: &.W.S8. 2890. Glengariff and Myros
Wood, Cork: Adiin’s Cork. Near Clonakilty, 1891; and—II. Fre-
quent round Cork Harbour, 1896; Philips. On all the prominent
bluffs and headlands of the Waterford coast: Hart 1883 B.—
IV. Duncannon; the Nook; Arthurstown, South Wexford:
B.-H. & G. 1889. Steep rocks south end of Bray Head: Praeger
1897.—V. Near the lead mines, Dalkey: Wade Dubl. r79¢—and
in 1895; V.C. On the Hill of Howth: Wade Rar. 280g—still
there in 1896; Miss S. Colgan.—VI. At Castle Taylor, Galway :
More 1855. Abundant in all three Isles of Aran, 1892, and in the
Burren district of Clare, 1895; W.C. At Ringmoylan; Askeaton;
and Foynes, Limerick: Stewart z890.—VIII. Plentiful on the shores
of Lough Mask (Prof. Melville): Cyb. Salruck, Galway; and Mweel-
rea, Mayo: Hart 1883 o.—IX. Banks of Lough Carra, Mayo: Ball
7839. South side of Lough Mask, apparently scarce: IL. § 8S. 2896.

Very rare in East Ireland where it appears to be confined to two
limited stations on Dublin Bay. Its most inland locality, Lough
Mask, is not more than fifteen miles from the nearest sea.

u2
164 RUBIACEA, [ Galium.

GALIUM Linn.
1. G. boreale Linn.— Northern Bedstraw.
Districts I. II. — — — VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat, 52°-55}°,. West and North, chiefly. Type, Highland.

Moist, rocky places; locally abundant. #7. June-August,
Calcicole B.

I. In a marshy spot half way up Mangerton mountain, Kerry:
Flor, Hib, Many spots around the Lower Lake and the east end of
the Middle Lake, Killarney ; 2.W. S.—II. In Croan marsh near
Clonmel, Waterford (Miss 8S. Grubb): Cyb.—VI. and VII. Fre-
quent in both districts, occurring in Clare, Galway, Tipperary,
Westmeath, and Longford; specially abundant on the shores and
islands of Lough Ree (B.§V. 7887), and of Lough Derg (W. C.
1897).—VIII. Plentiful onislandsin Lough Corrib: Wade Gallovid.
On Canova Island, Lough Corrib: More r860.—ITX. About Castle-
bar, Mayo: Brown Faseic. r788. Banks of Lough Carra, Mayo:
Ball 1839. Lough Melvin, Leitrim (W. H. Harvey): Herb. T. CD.
Shores of Lough Cullin, Mayo (More): Cyb. By Lough Bofin,
Leitrim (W. 7. Dyer): Ree. Add. Shore of Lough Ree in Ros-
common, and sparingly at Lough Gara in the same county: Foot
1865,—X, On most of the islets in Lower Lough Erne: Barrington
1884. Banks of Lough Neagh, Armagh: More r860. Ardmore
Glebe (Rev, H. W. Lett); Bird Island, Lough Neagh: Praeger
1893.—XI. St, John’s Point, Killybegs, and south side of the
river at Ballyshannon ; very rare in Donegal: Hart 1885 y § 7886.—
XII. Stony margin of Lough Neagh, a little south of Portmore,
1808 (Zempleton): Whitla MS. Frequent, but not general, in
Antrim and Derry: Flor. W.-£.

Usually quite lowland in Ireland, ace to sea-level in the
West and North, and occurring chiefly round the shores of the
larger lakes. The only highland record is that for Mangerton,
which is vague and needs confirmation.

2, {G. Cruciata Scop.— Cross-wort.

G. cructatum With.
Districts — — — So EK EXT,
Lat. 543°. Fermanagh anid Die Type, British-English.

Lowland. Banks, and waste and boggy ground ; very rare.
Fl, May-June.
Galium.] RUBIACES. 165

X. Plentiful in boggy ground by the side of a small lake
at. Colebrooke, Fermanagh, 1869 (Z. O, Smith): Ree. Add.—
XII. Among the rubbish of the Cathedral of Downpatrick: Harris’s
Down, 7744. Field adjoining the marshes near Downpatrick
Cathedral, and on the side of the old Rath, 1842 (Prof. J. #.
Hodges); and again gathered near the Cathedral, 1868 (Rev. W. E.
Mulgan): Ree. Add. Still plentiful on the side of Downpatrick
rath, but no longer to be found at the Cathedral: 8. & P. 7895.

No doubt introduced at Downpatrick, where, however, it has
maintained itself for upwards of 150 years.

3. G. verum Linn.— Yellow Bedstraw.

Districts I. II. IJ. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIIT. TX. X. XI. XIL.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Dry banks, and sand-hills and sandy pastures by the sea; rather
common. 7, July-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Dublin
(NW. C.).

4. {G. erectum Huds.— Upright Bedstraw.

Districts — IT. — IV. V. VI. — — — — — XII.
Lat. 513°-55°. South and East. Zype, Germanic-English.

Lowland. Pastures, lawns, and banks; rare. /7. June-July.
_ JI. Sparingly in two lawns near Midleton and Ballinacurra
(Rev. T. Allin): Ree. Add. Abundant in pastures at Trabolgan
and Roche’s Point, 1895; Phillis.—IV. In a field by the railway
near Killurin, Wexford; Hart.—V. In a meadow by the Tolka,
Glasnevin (Moore § More); in a field at Stagstown, south of Rath-
farnham, Dublin (S. Foot): Cyb, In the demesne at Kilkea Castle
(J. Douglas): Cyb.— VI. Kilmurvy, Aranmore Island, 1894 ;
P. B. O Kelly. X11. Lawn at Aghaderg Glebe, near Loughbrick-
land, Down, 1886 (Rev. H. W. Lett); Rowallane lawn, near
Saintfield, Down (D. Redmond and Rev. C. H. Waddell); in Co.
Antrim at Glenmore Castle park (Dr. Holden); abundant in an
old meadow at Glenmore near Lisburn, 1895 (J. H. Davies); at the
base of the cliffs at Whitewell, 1896 (Stewart); and in a meadow
near the manse at Cullybacky (Iss Knowles & Dr. Buick): Ir.
Nat. 1897, p. 269s

Probably introduced with grass-seed in most of its stations, and
apparently spreading in Ireland.
166 RUBIACEA. [ Galium.

5. ¢@. Mollugo Linn.— Great Hedge Bedstraw.

Districts — II. — IV. V. VI. — — — X. XI. XI
Lat. 523°-552°. From South to North. ype, British-English.

Lowland. Dry banks, bushy places, and pastures; rare. 7%.
June-August.

II. By the lawn at Blenheim, Waterford; and—IV. Sparingly
in two fields near Alderton, Wexford: B.-H.¢ G. 1890. At
Rathdrum, 1888, and plentiful in Glencree, 1884; Hart. By the
avenue at Vallombrosa, Bray (Barrington): Rec. Add, Killoughrim,
Wexford: Moffat 1889.—V. At Sandymount near the Martello
Tower: Mack. Cat. Between Finglass quarries and Glasnevin;
common on the lands of Abbeville and Ballymun: Jr. Flor. At
Hazelhatch, 1893; Killester and Finglas quarries, 1894; Howth
and Crumlin, 1895; not infrequent in Co. Dublin; V.C. Kilkea
Castle, Kildare (J. Douglas): Cyb.—VI. Very sparingly at Bally-
vaughan, Clare, 1892; Levinge.—X. Near Armagh (Rev. W. F.
Johnson); in several places in Tanderagee upper demesne: Praeger
1893.—XI. In laid-down grass near Rossapenna hotel, Donegal
(Hart): Journ. of Bot. 1896, p. 399.—XII. In Mr. Tennant’s
lawn at Mount Vernon [Belfast], 1797 (Zempleton): Whitla US.—
perhaps the preceding species rather than this. Near Eglinton,
Derry (Urs. Leebody) : Journ. of Bot. 1892.

To 900 ft. in Dublin (1. C.); but usually lowland.

Var, wsusricum (Gaud.)—V. Near Saint Fintan’s, Howth,
1891; Levinge. In lawns at Rathmines, 1895-97; W. C—
X. Strabane, Tyrone (Miss MU. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897. This
variety is probably in all cases introduced with grass seed.

Var, ocurorevcum Syme.—G. Mollugo x verum.—IV. At Grey-
stones: Praeger 1897.

6. G. saxatile Linn.— Heath Bedstraw.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII,
Lat. 513°-55}3. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Rocks, heaths, moors, &e.; common. Fi. June-August, Calei-
Suge A,

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2460 ft, in Donegal
and to 2796 ft. in Down (Flor. Uist.) ; to 3000 ft. in Wicklow and
to 3414 ft. in Kerry (Hart),

A common plant on most of the mountain summits in Ireland.
Galium. | RUBIACE, 167

7. G. sylvestre Poll.—Zeast Mountain Bedstraw.

G. pusillum Smith.
Districts I. — — — — VI. — — IX. — — —
Lat. 52°-54}3°, West Ireland. Zype, Intermediate-Highland.

Rocky places and pastures; rare. 27. June-July. Caledcole A.

I. Plentiful on the limestone rocks at Mucrus house (Killarney)
1804-5: Mack, Rar. In several places on the limestone about the
Middle and Lower Lakes of Killarney: 2. W. 8. z889.—VI. Abun-
dant on rocks at Magherinraheen near Corofin, Clare: Mack. Rar.
Abundant on the limestone hills and crags around Ballyvaughan,
Clare, 1895; W.C. On all three Isles of Aran: Hart 1875.—
IX. At Glenade, Leitrim, rare: B.§V. 2885. North-east face of
Ben Bulben : Linton 1896.

From sea-level to 1000 ft. in Clare (¥. C.).

There is reason to believe that the records for District XII.
(see Flor. VV.-#.), in which this plant has not been recently observed,
should be referred to the preceding species.

8. G. palustre Linn.—Uarsh Bedstraw.

Districts I. IJ. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Tyye, British.

Ditches and marshy places; common. 7. June-August.

The Irish plant is usually G. Withering (Smith).

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Donegal
(Hart) ; to 1200 £t.in Dublin (WV. C.); to 1550 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Var. stoncatum (Presl)—V. On the banks of the Boyne near
Slane: Cyb.—VII. Brittas Lake, Westmeath: ZLevinge z894.—:
X. In the Co. of Cavan: COyé.

9. G. uliginosum Linn.—Rough Marsh Bedstraw.

Districts I, I. — — V. VI. VIL. — IX. — — —
Lat. 52°-533°. West and Middle, chiefly. Zype, British-English.

Lowland. Boggy places; very rare. £7. July-August.

I. Abundant in Clogherbrian bogs, Tralee; sparingly at Bally-
carty east of Tralee: R.W.S. 7888. By Glanooragh river, north
of Killarney: &.W.S. z89z.—II. Bank of a lake at Fota, Cork
Harbour, 1895; Philliys——V. By the mill pond and in a bog at
Mount Blake, Ballitore, Kildare (Carroll): Cyb.—Marsh north of
the Curragh, Kildare, 1897; Praeger.—VI. Frequent in bogs near
168 RUBIACEA. [ Gahum.

the mouth of the Woodford river, Galway, 1896: WV. C. 2897.—
VII. Sparingly on a bog near Multyfarnham, Westmeath, 1871-72
(Moore): Rec. Add. Lisclogher bog; Scraw bog, Loughanstown ;
bog of Lynn; shores of Lough Drin and Lough Owel: Levinge
1894.—1X. Bog between Ballybay and Curry Point, Lough Ree,
Roscommon: B. &V. 7887.

Also recorded in Wade's Dubl. 7794, in Mackay’s Cat. 1825 and.
in the Irish Flora, 1833 from many other stations in the counties of
Dublin, Wicklow, Kildare, Louth, and Galway, but in the absence
of any confirmation of these records it seems inadvisable to repeat
them here.

10. G. Aparine Linn.— Goose Grass; Cleavers.

Mibernicé Lup sapb (Loos-garriv), Rough Plant.
Districts I. If. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Hedges and bushy places; common. 7. June-August.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 950 ft. in Dublin
(M. C.).

ASPERULA Linn.
1. A. odorata Linn.— Woodruff.

Districts I. Tl. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods and shady places; frequent. 7. May-June.

To 800 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.), and to 850 ft. in Queen’s Co.
(Hart) ; but usually lowland.

2. A. cynanchica Linn.—Sguinancy-wort.

Districts I. I. — — — VI. — VI. —- — — —
Lat. 513°-534°. West Ireland. ype, English.

Rocky places, pastures, and coast sand-hills ; locally abundant.
£7, Tune-Tuly. Caletcole B.

I. Plentiful on the sand-hills along the coast of Kerry: Mack. Rar.
Brandon Bay ; Smerwick harbour; and other stations in the Dingle
promontory, Kerry: Hart 1884. On most of the Kerry sand-hills
from Ballinaskelligs Bay, northward ; R. W. S.—II. Near Youghal,
Cork (Miss Ball): Flor, Cork. Tramore, Waterford (Rev, S.
Madden): Cyb.—VI. In yocky places in Glanquin, and several
Asperula. | RUBIACEA. 169

other parts of the barony of Inchiquin: Wade Rar. Very abun-
dant among the limestone rocks at Corofin, Clare: Mack. Rar.
Abundant in the Burren district of Clare, both on limestone hills.
and sandy places by the shore, 1895; W.C. In the large Island of
Aran, 1805: Flor. Hib. On all three Isles of Aran: Hart 1875.
Plentiful about Castle Taylor, Galway: More 2855.—VIII. Sea
shore at Aughrus, Connemara: Wade Gallovid. At Roundstone:
Oliver 785z. Plentifully on Gentian Hill, west of the city of
Galway; F. K. Boyd.

Sea-level to 1000 ft. in Clare (WV. C.).

First definitely recorded by Wade, from Aughrus, in 1801; but
in Rutty’s Wat. Hist. of County Dublin, 1772, the plant is set down
as native in the country, and is said to have been sent from the
South to Dr. Abraham Jenkins, then engaged in the preparation of
an Irish Flora which was never published.

SHERARDIA Linn.
1. S. arvensis Linn.— Feld Madder.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat, 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated ground, dry banks, and waste places; frequent.
Fl, May—August.

Sea level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).

ORDER XXXIII.—VALERIANEZ.

VALERIANA Linn.
1. V. officinalis Linn.— Wild Valerian.

Districts I. II. ILI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XIL.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Ditches, river sides, and moist woods; rather common. 7.
June-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1400 ft. in Donegal
and to 1960 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 2500 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.);
to 2650 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

The prevailing Irish plant is Vi sambucifolia (Mik.).
170 VALERIANEZ. [ Valercana.

Var, urgantt (Syme)—V. In Lough Crew demesne, Meath:
Praeger 1897.—V1. Sparingly in clefts of limestone rocks on the
summit of Cappanawallia mountain, Clare, 1895; WV. C—XII. On
Slieve Muck, Mourne mountains, at 1500 ft.: S.f P. 1892.
Sparingly by the Lagan at Mazetown, Antrim (Stewart): S.§ P.

1895.
This variety appears to be quite rare in Ireland.

CENTRANTHUS Linn.
1. *C. ruber DC.— Red Valerian.

Districts I. IU. — — — — ~ ~ ~—~ — — —.

Old walls and on rocks; thoroughly naturalized around Cork
City and Harbour only. #7. May—June.

I. On walls near Cork: Drummond 1818. Walls at Bandon
and Castletownsend; limestone rocks at Carrigrohane; rocks and walls
at Blackrock, 1896; PAlps.—II. Plentiful on walls between Cork
and Glanmire: Mack. Rar. 7806. On rocks and walls at Sunday’s
Well; the Brickfields and other places round Cork City plentiful:
Flor. Cork 1845. Abundant about the suburbs of Cork; as at
Sunday’s Well; Montenotte, &c.; along the railway embankment
and on rocks between Cork and Glanmire; old walls at Youghal;
abundant at Queenstown and on the islands in Cork Harbour; at
Castleferry and Cloyne, 1896; Phillips.

Also established on old walls about Clonmel, Tipperary; about
New Ross and Enniscorthy, Wexford; about Swords; Chapelizod, &c.,
Dublin, and frequent elsewhere as a garden escape or outcast, but
nowhere freely spreading to wild stations as it does in the neigh-
bourhood of Cork, where the mild climate favours the naturalization
of this as of other South, European species.

VALERIANELLA Meench.
1. V. olitoria Pollich— Corn- Salad.

Districts I. II, WI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, British.
Lowland. Sea-side sands, cultivated ground, and waste places ;
frequent. 7. May-July.
Abundant and looking native along sandy sea-coasts in Ulster
and in Wexford; apparently rare in the West.
Valerianelia. | VALERIANEZ. 171

2. {V. Auricula DC.—Sharp-fruited Corn-Salad.
V. rimosa Bast.
Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Ix. — — —
Lat. 513°-54°. South, West, and East. Type, English.

Cultivated ground; rare. 7. July-August.

I. Near the western head of Clonakilty Bay (Babington): Flor.
Cork. Kinsale; Leap; Durrus; Glandore, &c.: Allin’s Cork.—
Il. Waste places at Cove (Prof. Harvey): Cyb. Little Island,
Cork, and also in fields at Doughtan’s, Waterford (Rev. 7. Allin):
Rec. Add.—lV. Near the village of Nook, Wexford: B.-H. § G.
1889.—V. Near Clogher Head, Louth: Ball 1839. Near Castle
Bellingham, Louth: Butler z890. Near Navan, Co. Meath
(Moore): Herb. Glasnevin.—VI. Near Castle Taylor, Galway: More
1855.—VII. Potato field at Edenderry : Praeger 1897.—VIII. Near
Oughterard, Galway: Babington 1836.—IX. Near Foxford, Mayo
(More): Cyb.

Probably overlooked in many places owing to its resemblance
to the following species.

3. [V. dentata Pollich—Warrow-fruited Corn-Satad.

V. Morrison DC.
Districts I. IT. TI. IV. V. VI. VI. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Cultivated fields and banks; rather rare. 7%. July-
August.

I. Fields near Monkstown, Cork: Drummond 1818. Passage;
and—IT, Castlemartyr (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor. Cork. Little
Island: Flor. Cork. Frequent in Co. Cork: Allin’s Cork.—
IIT. Noreville, Queen’s Co. (J. Morrison): Rec. Add. Near
Kilmacow, Kilkenny (Z. Chandlee): Cyb. Near Clonegal, Carlow :
Hart 188ra.—IV. Frequent in corn fields about Alderton and
Kilmanock, Wexford: B.-H. § @. 1889. At Ballycarney, Ferns,
Co. Wexford, 1887-90; G. £. J. Greene. Near Bray, Wicklow
(Moore): Cyb.—V. Ann’s Brook, Meath: Murphy 2829. Ballitore,
Kildare (Carroll); and corn-fields at Baldoyle, Dublin (Moore): Cyd.
Fields above Drumleck; the Needles; and the Cliffs: Flor. Howth.
At Lusk; at Donabate; and at Esker near Lucan, 1893; Clonsilla
and near Saggard, 1895; frequent in Co. Dublin; V. C—VI. Near
Castle Taylor, Galway: More 7855. Corn-fields near Black Head,
Clare: Corry z880.—VII. Near Belvedere Lake, Westmeath
172 VALERIANEA, [ Valerianella.

(Moore): Cyb.—VIII. Cornfield near Oughterard, Galway : Bab-
ington 7836.—IX. Common in cultivated ground, Lough Ree:
B.§V. 1887.—X. Abundant at Oldcastle and Lisnabrin, Cavan
(Rev. Mr. Halpin): Flor. Ulst. Near Armagh; near Crossmaglen ;
and several other stations in Co. Armagh: Praeger 1893.—
XI. Between Whale Head and Ball Green, Fanet: Hart 1880.—
XII. Sandy places in the Curran of Larne, 1794 (Zempleton) :
Whitla MS. Rathlin Island (Moore): Cyb. North end of Island
Magee (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Corn-field by Lough Foyle, Derry
(Prof. E. Murphy): Cyb. By the Causeway Water at Lisnacree
and Maggie’s Leap; and abundant about Killowen and Seafield,
Down: 8. &P. 71892.

ORDER XXXIV.—DIPSACEA.

DIPSACUS Linn.
1. D. sylvestris Huds.— Wild Zeasel.

Districts I. I. II. IV. V. VI. — — — — [XI] [XIL]
Lat. 513°-533°. Southern half of Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Hedge banks and waste places, chiefly near the sea;
rather rare. 7. July.

I. Fora mile or so along the Shannon east of Letter Point, Kerry :
R. W.S8. 1891. Near Passage, Cork: Drummond 1&18. Plentiful
midway between Clonakilty and the Island: Phillips 1895.—II. In
the highways round the city of Cork: Smiths Cork. Near Power
Head, 1895, and by the strand at Cork Beg, 1896; Phillips.
Frequent throughout the Co. of Waterford: 2.-H. & G. 1889.—
III. Granagh, Kilkenny (7. Chandlee): Cyb. By the Nore at
Ballyneale: Hart 28858.—IV. Frequent in the Co. Wexford,
chiefly near the south coast: B.-H. § U. 1892.—V. Blackquarries,
on the way to Raheny: Wade Dudl. At Raheny ; Finglas; Rogers-
town; and FPortrane, 1893; frequent in Co. Dublin; W. C.
Bective and Laytown, Meath; banks by the Boyne about the
Obelisk, Louth: Praeger 1897.—VI. By the Shannon below
Limerick (Carroll): Cyb. Plentiful by the Shannon above and
below Kilrush, Clare; and in several places by the coast near
Foynes, Limerick: Stewart r890.—[XI. Roadside near Lifford
(Dean Gwynn): Hart z88r B.—XII. Abundant on a bank by the
Dipsacus. | DIPSACEA, 1738

shore near the coastguard station at Greencastle, Down (Stewart) :
Flor, N.-H. Dry sandy bank at Cranfield, Co. Down, very rare:
8. § P. 1892. ]

Abundant in many parts of the South and South-East; but
rare and perhaps only a casual in the North.

SCABIOSA Linn.

1. §, Succisa Linn.— Devil’s Bit Scabious.

Suceisa pratensis Moench.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XII
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Damp pastures, moorlands, and mountain heaths; common.
#1. Fuly-September.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Donegal
and to 2000 ft. in Galway (Hart); to 2300 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.);
to 2650 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

2. S. arvensis Linn, Feld Scabious.

Knautia arvensis Coulter—Trichera arvensis Schrad.
Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII,
Lat. 513-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Pastures, dry banks, and gravelly places; frequent. F7, June—
August.

To 950 ft. in Dublin (JV. C.); but usually lowland.

Rare, generally, in the West, and very rare in the North-West.

ORDER XXXV,.—COMPOSITA.

EUPATORIUM Linn.

1. E. cannabinum Linn.— Hemp Agrimony.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English,
. By ditches and streams and in moist, rocky, and bushy places;
frequent. 1. July-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8, Cork. To 900 ft, in Dublin (V.C.),
174 COMPOSIT A. [ Solidago.

SOLIDAGO Linn.
1. S. Virgaurea Linn.— Golden Rod.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.
Heaths, thickets, and rocky places; frequent. #7. July-

September.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and S. Cork. To 2100 ft. in Donegal

(Hart); to 2450 ft. in Down (8S. §P.); to 2900 ft. in Wicklow
(Hart); to 3300 ft. in Kerry (More).

Var. camprica (Huds.)—Not uncommon in heathy and rocky
ground on the higher mountains.

Var. aneustiroLia Gaud.—XI. By the Reelan water; Hart.—
XII. By the Bann above Hilltown; and by the river in Tollymore
Park: 8.& P. 7892.

BELLIS Linn.
1. B. perennis Linn.— Daisy.

Hibernicé N6inin (Non-yeen).
Districts I. I. Il. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Pastures, roadsides, &c.; common. 7. March—October.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Oork. To 1700 ft. in Derry
(Hart); to 1950 ft. in Ben Bulben district (B.&V.); to 2380 ft.
in Kerry (Hart).

ASTER Linn.

1. A. Tripolium Linn.—S¢ea Starwort.

Districts I. Il. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 513°-552°.° Coasts of all Ireland. Tywe, British.

Salt marshes, and banks and rocks by the sea; common.
Fl, August-September.

ERIGERON Linn.

1, E. acre Linn. — Blue Flea-bane.
Districts — II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. — — xt.
Lat. 523°-54}3°. From South to North. Type, English,
Lowland. Dry gravelly pastures, old quarries, walls, and
Erigeron. | COMPOSIT-A. 175

sandy banks; rare, but locally abundant. . July-August.
Caleicole B.

II. Near Clonmel (Moore): Cyb.—III. At Catsrock and quarry
near Gaul’s Mills (7. Chandlee); near Richmond, Kilkenny (Rev.
S. Madden); road-side north-east of Carlow (J. Sim): Cyb. By
the Barrow above Tinnehinch Bridge, Queen’s Co.: Hart 1885.—
IV. Along the riverside between Enniskerry and Lough Bray:
Zr. Flor, Killanne near Blackstairs mountain, Wexford (Miss V.
Cooper): B.-H. & M. 1892.—V. ‘‘ Upon a dry hilly pasture facing
the Hutts at the Black Rock”: Threlkeld. Near Rathfarnham ;
between Sandymount and Merrion, &.: Wade Dubl. Near the
canal a mile from Lucan; banks of the Dodder above Templeogue:
Flor. Hib. 7836. By the Grand Canal at Collierstown above Lucan,
1893 ; abundant along the Dodder river from Templeogue to
Bohernabreena, 1895; at Killester; Clonsilla, &c.; frequentin Co.
Dublin; WV. C. About Mullaghcreelan Hill, Kildare (J. Douglas) :
Oyb.—VI. Sparingly near Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1895; MW. C.—
VII. Gurtalougha, Lough Derg, Tipperary ;—VIII. Golden Bay,
Lough Corrib, Galway; and—IX. Between Cong Cross and Kil-
maine, Mayo; Miss UM. F. Jackson. XII. Sparingly on the sand
dunes at Ballykinler, Co. Down (Praeger): Flor. N.-E.

Apparently absent from Cork and Kerry, and much more abun-
dant in the East than in the West.

First recorded by Threlkeld in 1727.

FILAGO Linn.

1. F. germanica Linn.— Common Cudweed.

Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Dry pastures, and sandy or gravelly places; frequent.
Fl, July-August.

A widely distributed species, but rare over large areas.

2. F. minima Fries—Least Cudweed.

Districts I. IT — IV. V. — — VII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. Zype, British.

Lowland. Sandy or gravelly places, &c.; rare, but locally
abundant. F/. June-August.

I. Drishana, west of the Gap of Dunloe, Kerry: Hart 2882.
176 COMPOSIT. [ Filago.

Railway bank at Killarney, and stream bed west of Boolteens,
Kerry; 2.W.8. Riverside between Bandon and Inishannon :
Drummond 1820. Near Ballinadee Creek, and near Union Hall:
Allin 1873. Near Desert station, and near Ballyvourney:
Allin’s Cork. At Iniscarra, 1898 ; Phollips.—II. Dry hills near
Fermoy (7. Chandlee); near Clonmel (Miss A. Taylor): Cyb.
Rocks near Ballyvourney, Cork, 1897; W. H. Shaw.—IV. Dry
banks about the upper Dargle gate, and between Enniskerry and
Lough Bray, plentiful: Mack. Cat. Near Drumgoff, and on the
Murrough of Wicklow (More): Rec. Add.—still at Drumgoff, 1897 ;
N.C. Bray Head, and near the town of Wicklow, 1897; Praeger.
Ballyconigar, Wexford (J. Morrison): Cyb. Plentiful at Ross-
lare, Wexford: Hart 1883 8.—V. Granite quarry at Balalley,
Three Rock Mountain, Dublin (WV. C.): Ir. Nat. 1894. Behind
the light-houses at Boyne mouth, Meath: Praeger 1897. —
VIII. Plentiful on the sandy shore of Lough Mask at Maamtrasna:
MU. & S. 1896.—X. Sandy ground near Lough Neagh, Armagh :
More 1860. In Armagh, by Lough Neagh at Raughlan (Rev. H.
W. Lett); and at Charleston: Praeger 1893. Plentiful on the
banks of a stream near Omagh, and on sands of Washing Bay,
Lough Neagh, Tyrone (Miss I. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—
XI.—Sandy warrens near Greencastle, Inishowen, scarce; W. E.
Haort.—XII. Gravelly bank on the shore of Lough Neagh; in
plenty on the new road between Lisburn and Hillsborough, 1802:
Templeton MS. Frequent in north-east Ireland, and abundant on
coast sand-hills and the shores of Lough Neagh: Flor. V.-E.

ANTENNARIA Geertn.
1. A. dioica R. Br.—Yountain Cudweed.

Gnaphalium dioicum Linn.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, Scottish-British.

Rocky places, sand-hills, heaths and mountain pastures ; frequent
and locally abundant. 7. June-July. Caleicole C.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Clare. To 1800 ft. in Donegal
to 2300 ft. in Derry, to 2400 ft. in Mayo, and to 2900 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).

A widely distributed species often very abundant on the lime-
stone, as in the Burren district of Clare and on the shores of Lough
Derg, but rare in many parts of Ireland,
Gnaphalium. | COMPOSITA. 177

GNAPHALIUM Linn:
1. G. uliginosum Linn.—WMarsh Cudweed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VILL. IX. XK. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Damp places, in sandy, gravelly, or peaty svils; frequent and
locally abundant. Fl. July-August. Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and §. Cork. To 1200 ft. in Dublin
(NY. C.).

2. @. sylvaticum Linn.— Upright Cudweed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British.
Upland pastures and damp, sandy places by the coast, also in
fallows in light soils; not infrequent. £7. July-August.
_ I. Near Kenmare; Lough Guitane, Killarney, &c.; rare in
Kerry: &.W.8. 2889... Near Macroom; at Gouganebarra, 1897 ;
W. H. Shaw. Near Ballinadee; at Schull; and—II. Near Bally-
yourney and Millstreet; local in Co. Cork: Aldin’s Cork.—III. In
the Co. of Catherlough [Carlow]: Zhrelkeld. High ground near
Myshall, Carlow (2. Clayton Browne): Rec. Add—IV. Near
Shillelagh (Hart): Rec. Add. Near Anamoe, Wicklow; &.W. 8.
Near Shankill Bridge, Kilbride, Wicklow, 1891; W.C. At
Woodbrook, Wexford (Miss V. Cooper): B.-H. §& M. 1892.—V. On
the way up the Carlingford Hills from Omeath, Co. Louth: Hart
1884. Hills west of Saggard Slade, Dublin, 1895; W. C—VI. At
the foot of Glounagaliagh mountain, near Killaloe, Clare, 1896:
NV. 0. 1897—VIII. On Lettery mountain and other places about
Ballinahinch, Connemara: Wade Rar. Near Lough Inagh, Conne-
mara, 1896; WV. C. Plentiful near Lough Conn; and—IX. Near
Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyb. Shore of Lough Easky and at Mass
Hill, Ox Mountains, Sligo (Rev. C. F. @ Arey): N.C. 1896.—
X. Falkland, Monaghan (Miss Uaffett): Cyb. Near Kesh, Lough
Erne: Barrington 1884. Derryadd (Rev. H. W. Lett); hills south
of Newry, Armagh: Praeger 7893. At Omagh; Newtownstewart ;
and Strabane, Tyrone (Miss UM. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—
XI. Shore of Lough Eske; by the Finn above Drumbo, &c.: Hart
1885 y.—XII. Frequent in Antrim, Down, and Derry: Flor. N.-£.
N
178 COMPOSIT A. [ Gnaphalium.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Kerry. To 650 ft. in Donegal (Har?) ;

to 800 ft. in Down (8. § P.).
A widely distributed species, but rarely occurring in abundance.

INULA Linn.

1. *I. Helenium Linn.—Ziecampane.

Districts I. I. — IV. — VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII:
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. TZype, English.

Lowland. Roadside banks, pastures, and waste places, usually
near ruins or houses; rare. £7. July-August.

I. In the barony of Clanmaurice not far from the Abbey of
Odorney: Smith's Kerry. About a mile west of Knightstown,
Valentia Island (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb. Near the ruins in Church
Island, Lough Currane, Waterville, Kerry (More): Rec. Add.
z872—and in 1892; W.C. Kenmare; Derrynane; Ardfert, &c.;
widely scattered through Kerry; &. W.S. Near the Leap in West
Carbery, also in plenty on Cape Clear Island: Smith's Cork.
Ballinadee ; Skibbereen; Union Hall, &c. (Allin); and—II. At
Youghal (Carroll); rather rare in Cork: Allin’s Cork.—IV. Bally-
conigar, Wexford (Carroll); and Whalley Abbey, Wicklow (Z.
Ogilby): Cyb.—VI. Foot of Shalee Hill near Ennistymon; abun-
dant on the road to St. Bridget’s Well, near the Cliffs of Moher,
Clare (Rev. T. Warren): Cyb. Turlough Hill, six miles east of
Ballyvaughan, 1891; Zevrmge—VIII. Plentiful on Cruig Neit
Island, Bertraghbuy Bay, Galway: Babington 1836. Roadside
near Gurthreeva, Oughterard ; and—IX. Near Milford, Mayo; Mise
UY. F. Jackson. Marshy place three miles from Sligo; Miss S.
Wynne.—X. Devenish, Lough Erne (J. Johnston): Flor. Hib—
still in this station, about 20 plants: Barrington 1884. Derryadd
(Rev. H. W. Lett); and near Goragh Wood, Armagh: Praeger
1893.—XI. Little Binns, Greenfort, Fanet (Hart): Ree. Add.
Ballyshannon; Dunkineely; and Glen: Hart 2885 y.—XII. Ap-
parently wild among limestone rocks between Larne and Garron
Head, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Plentiful by Lough Neagh shore at
Cranfield, &c.; rare in north-east Ireland, but certainly quite
naturalized: Flor. NV. £.

An old medicinal plant which tenaciously holds its ground in
many places, especially in the neighbourhood of church ruins, but
shows little tendency to spread.
Inula. | COMPOSIT A. 179

2.1. salicina Linn.— Willow-leaved Inula.

Districts — — — — — VI. VI. — — — — —
Lat. 52° 55’—58° 5’. Shores and islands of Lough Derg, in Galway
and Tipperary. Zype, Hibernian.

Lowland. Rocky and bushy places on aevanonee very rare.
i, June-July.

VI. ‘In June, 1843, I went to Portumna, Co. Galway, for the
purpose of getting specimens of Zeuerium Scordium which grows
plentifully on the margins of Lough Derg. When botanizing along
the shores of that great river-lake I observed a plant growing
sparingly and unknown to me in the flowerless state in which it
then was. . . . I picked some specimens . . . which remained in
my herbarium unnamed .. . up to the present year. . . . When
Dr. Syme saw the specimens he at once suggested that they might
prove to be Inula salicina . . . I went this year in August and had
the satisfaction of re-discovering the Inula; but could only find
two specimens which had flowered and were then seeding” (Dr. D.
Moore): Journ. of Bot. 1865, p. 333. One plant in an island near
Rossmore, Lough Derg, and a few others on the shore of the main-
land: Zinton 1886. On an island in Lough Derg, about three
miles south-west of Portumna, and again in considerable quantity
on an islet eight miles to the southward in the same lake, 1896:
NV. C. 1897.—VII. Rocky shores of Lough Derg at Curraghmore,
and on Brynas Island, Tipperary, 1895 (C. J. Lilly): Ir. Nat.
1896, p. 269.

One of the rarest of our native plants and not found in Great
Britain, Widespread on the European continent, from Greece to
Norway, and from Western France to Central Russia, reaching its
extreme western limit in Ireland.

First discovered by David Moore in 1848.

3. I. crithmoides Linn.— Golden Samphire.

Districts I. I, — IV. Ve —- ~ —~ ~ — — —
Lat. 513°-533°. South and South-East coasts. Type, Atlantic-
English.

Rocks and banks by the sea; rare. 7. July-August.

I. ‘It grows on the rocks near Bolus Head in Iveragh, and on
other parts of the sea-cliffs”: Smith’s Kerry. On the rocky coast
near Dingle (Moore): Cyb. Not seen recently in Kerry; 2. W.S.
Near Castlefreke (&. W. Townsend): Flor. Cork 2845—xtill there :

N2
180 COMPOSIT ZA. [ Znula,

Allin’s Cork 1883.—I1. Rocks at Tramore, Waterford, abundant:
Carroll 185g. At Ardmore, Waterford (Rev. T. Allin): Rec, Add.
Helvick Head to Ardmore Head; frequent along the Waterford
coast: Hart 1883 B.—IV. Greater Saltee Island and at the extreme
point of Hook Head, Wexford, plentifully: Hart 1883 8.—
V. Below the Light-house, Howth: Wade Dubl. r7og. Sea-
shore at Howth, south side, in muddy places: Mack. Cat. Rocky
coast from Kilrock to Bailey Light-house in many places; near the
Martello tower, south side of Howth; on Iveland’s Eye: Flor.
Howth 1887. At the Cliffs, Howth, 1896; Miss 8. Colgan. South
side of Killiney Hill, Dublin: Flor. Hib. Dalkey Island (W. Wal-
pole): Cyb. z866—still there in 1892 (D. M‘Ardle): Ir. Nat. 1892.
On Lambay Island: Jr. Flor. 1833. Common on most of the coast
of Lambay Island: Hart 2883 y.

PULICARIA Gaertn.
1. P. dysenterica Gertn.—lea-bane.

Inula dysenterica Linn.
Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.

Damp pastures and marshy places; frequent. 77. August—
September. Calcicole C.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 700 ft. in Dublin
(NV. €.); but usually lowland.

BIDENS Linn.
1. B. cernua Linn.— Nodding Bur-Marigold.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, English-British.

Lowland. Marshy places, bog-holes, ditches, &c.; frequent.
Fl. August-September.

Rarer in the East than the West, and generally rarer than the
following species.

Var, xaviata Sond.—XII. Ballygowan, Down; and Portmore,
Antrim: Flor. N.-£. Plentiful at Carrickmannan Lake, Down
(Stewart) ; in the Quoile marshes (Praeger): Stewart 894.

In Ray’s Synopsis r724, p. 188, this variety is set down, on
Sherard’s authority, as frequent in Ireland.
Bidens. | COMPOSIT.A, 181

2. B. tripartita Linn.—Zrifid Bur-Marigold.

Districts I, II, III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, English-
British.
Lowland. Marshy places, bogs, and ditches; frequent. #7.
August-September.
Abundant in many parts of the West, rarer in the East.

ACHILLEA Linn.
1. A. Millefolium Linn.—MiJ/foil.

Hibernicé Aéaip Galathna (Awher holloona), Earth Father. (?)
Districts I. I. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures, roadsides, dry banks, &c.; common. 7%. July-
September.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry, to
2550 ft. in Mayo, and to 2880 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

2. A. Ptarmica Linn.—Sneeze-wort.

Ptarmica vulgaris DC.
Districts I. IZ. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Damp, gravelly pastures, marshy places, and in peaty and sandy
fallows; frequent and locally abundant. 77. July-August.
Sea-level in Derry and in Kerry. To 700 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1100 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

DIOTIS Desf.
1. D. candidissima Desf.—Sea Cudweed.

D. maritima Cass.
Districts — IL. — IV. ~ — — ~ — — — —
Lat. 52° 5’. Waterford and Wexford only. Type, Atlantic.
Sandy sea-shores; very rare. FJ, August-September.
II. Near Dungannon, Waterford, 1845 (G. J. Allman): R. L.A.
Proc. wi. p. 78g. Among boulders on the strand at Tramore,
Waterford, 1850: Carroll 2854.—IV. ‘‘Near Carnsore Point, Co.
182 COMPOSIT A. [ Diotes.

Wexford, from whence I am favoured with specimens by Mr. John
Waddy”’: Syme’s Eng. Bot. Ed. 3, 866. Near Tacumsin Lake,
South Wexford, 1876; G. H. Kinahan. Sandy coast below Lady’s
Island Lake and Tacumsin Lake, Wexford, extending for about an
English mile: Hart 1883 8.

Also recorded in Smith’s Kerry from the ‘‘shores of the strand
at Ballyheigh.” This record has not been confirmed; and if the
plant observed by Smith was properly referred by him to this species
it has no doubt since become extinct.

Apparently decreasing in Ireland with other rare littoral species,
such as Mertensia maritima, Mathiola sinuata, Crambe maritima, &e.

First discovered by G. J. Allman in 1845.

ANTHEMIS Linn.

1, [A. Cotula Linn.—Stinking Chamomile.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. — — [XI] [XII]
Lat. 52°-54°. From South to North. ype, English-British.
Cultivated ground, roadsides, and waste places; frequent. 7.
July-August.
Like most of our colonists, more abundant in the East than
elsewhere. Hardly more than a casual in North Ireland and in the
extreme South.

2. A. nobilis Linn.— Common Chamomile.

Districts I. Il. IN. IV. V. — — VIII. — X. XL XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. ype, English.

Damp roadsides, pastures, and gravelly places; local. FU. J uly-
August. :

I. Covering whole fields at Calnafersy and plentiful on roadsides
near Killarney: Mack. Rar. Killarney ; Rossbehy ; Glenflesk, &c. ;
locally abundant in South Kerry; R. W.S8. In the half-barony of
Barryroe near the Galley Head: Smth’s Cort. Common in south-
west Cork: Adhin’s Cork.—II. Plentiful near Fermoy (7. Chandlee) :
Cyb. At Kilcoleman (Carroll); and abundant near Midleton (Reo.
f. Allin): Allin’s Cork. In the parish of Kilrosinta near Bally-
caroge: Smith's Waterford 17g6.—III. Abundant on the Great
Heath at Maryborough: Praeger r897.—IV. End of the Long Hill
beyond Enniskerry, Wicklow: Jr. Flor. 7833—and in 1893; W. Q.
Of frequent occurrence in Wexford, apparently throughout the
Anthemis. | COMPOSIT.A. 183

county: B.-H. § WM. 1892.—V. Gravelly hill slopes in Glenasmole,
Co. Dublin, introduced, 1882-92; WN. C._—VIII. Gravelly commons
and high-road near Renvyle, Connemara: Wade Rar. Near Delphi:
Ball 1839. Shores of Lough Cullin, Mayo (More): Cyb.—X. Near
Maghery, Armagh (Rev. W. T. Johnson) : Praeger 1893.—XI. Lower
Carraghblagh, Fanet; Lough Salt mountain ; Clontallagh, Rossgull :
Hart 1879.— XII. At the foot of Tullybranagan mountain, Co.
Down (John White): Wade Rar. Gravel pits one mile N.-E. of
Comber (Praeger): Flor. N.-£. By Enagh Lough West; and road-
side between Moneymore and Ballyronan: Moore US. Frequent
on the banks of Lough Neagh, Antrim (Moore): Cyd.

Probably introduced in many of its stations; but appears to be
native in the South.

CHRYSANTHEMUM Linn.
1. C. segetum Linn.— Corn Marigold.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated ground, especially in sandy or peaty soil; frequent.
Fi. June-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 800 ft. in Down
(8. § P.); to 1000 ft. in Dublin (I. C.).

2. C. Leucanthemum Linn.—Ox-Eye; Dog Daisy.

Leucanthemum vulgare Lamk.
Mibernicé Nionin mép (No-nyeen more), Great Daisy.
Districts I. IJ. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Meadows, pastures, dry banks, &c.; common. F/. June-August,
Sea-level in Derry and Cork. To 1200 ft. in Dublin (/. C-).

MATRICARIA Linn.
1. M. inodora Linn.—Scentless Feverfew.

Pyrethrum inodorum Smith.
Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Cultivated ground, waysides, waste places, &e.,
especially near the sea; common. 7. July-August.
184 COMPOSIT A. [ Matricaria.

Var. sattva Bab.—Fleshy-leaved forms gathered at—II. Bally-
cotton, Cork (Philips); and—VI. Murrough, Clare (WV. C.), appear
to belong to this variety. UZ. maritima Linn., as understood by
British botanists, has not yet been ascertained to occur in Ireland.

2. {M. Chamomilla Linn.—Field Chamomile.

Districts I. — TI — V. VIL — — — X. — XT.
Lat. 523°-543°. From South to North. Type, English.
- Lowland. Cultivated fields, roadsides, and waste places; rare
and nowhere certainly native. FJ. June—July.
I. Plentifully at Ballybunnion and Beal Point, Kerry: Stewart
1890.—IilIlI. Ballyragget on the Nore, introduced: Hart 2885 8.
At Maryborough; Praeger.—V. Near Raheny Church, abundant;
dr. Flor. Fields near Raheny (Mr. Johnston): Cyb. Gravel pit
near Clontarf, Dublin (Praeger): Jr. Nat. r894. Near Edenderry
in Kildare and at Kilmessan, Meath: Praeger 1897.—VI. Road-
sides east of Clonbrock, Galway, in many places: Praeger 1896.—
X. Roadside near Richhill and on the railway at Newry, Armagh:
Praeger 1893.—XI1I. Near Dunmurry and in a wheat field at
Malone, 1800: Zempleton MS. Abundant in an oatfield on the
west side of Island Magee, 1880 (Stewart); Larne and Cairncastle
(Praeger): Flor. N.-&. Increasing along the Antrim coast and at
least naturalized there: S. & P. 2895.

TANACETUM Linn.
1. *T. vulgare Linn.— Tansy.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XI
Lowland. : Roadsides, banks, waste places, &.; frequent, though.
rarely abundant. £7. August.
Fully established and long persistent in many of its numerous
recorded stations, but always obviously introduced.

ARTEMISIA Linn.
1. $A. Absinthium Linn.— Worm-wood.

Districts I. II. I. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X, XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.

. Lowland. Gravelly and sandy sea-shores, roadsides, and waste
places; frequent. £7. July-August.
Artemisia, | COMPOSITZ. 185

Widely distributed and well established in many places, especi-
ally by the coast, but rarely occurring in abundance.

2. A. vulgaris Linn.—Mugwort.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VITL. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Lowland. Waste places, field borders, dry banks, &c. ; frequent.
£7. July-September.

Nowhere a common species, and rare and apparently introduced
in many parts. ,

8. A. maritima Linn.—Sea Worm-wood.

Districts — — — — V. VI. — [VIL] — — — —
Lat. 523°-54°, East and West coasts.  Zype, English.

Rocky and muddy sea-shores; very rare. 7. July-August.

V. “Found between Mirrion and the Black Rock. The
Country People make it into Sheaves and bring it in Carrs out of
the adjacent Countys of Meath and Louth to Dublin, of which our
Ale-house keepers make their Purl”: Threlkeld 1727. On the
Hill of Howth, 1799: Zempleton US. On the Sutton side of Howth
and on the coast near Portrane, plentiful: Mack. Cat. Rocks by
the shore below the Cliffs and Needles, Howth: flor. Howth. In
considerable quantity over a small area of sea-cliffs at Portrane,
1895; V.C. On Killiney Hill, south side (Moore): Cyb. Abun-
dant on cliffs at Sorrento, Dalkey, 1884; V.C. On a low muddy
point south side of the estuary of the Boyne below. Drogheda, and
sparingly on the adjacent shore (More): Rec. Add., At Dundalk,
1868 ; J. Marsden. Near Clogher Head, Louth, 1893; Cecil
Butler —VI. In county Clare, at Gleninagh, and on muddy shores
at Killadysart and Carron Island, in the Fergus estuary: Corry
z88o0. Abundant on muddy flats by the shore above Foynes,
Limerick: Stewart z8go. At Carranroe, Galway ; Rev. F. Warren.—
[ VIII. This grows on one of the islands west of Westport: Brown
Fascic. r788—no recent record. |

Also recorded by Smith, History of Cork 7750, as growing in great
quantities on the sea-coast, but not since found in that county.

Apparently a decreasing species in Ireland, in, common with
many others of our rarer littoral plants, and was probably abundant
on many parts of our coasts in the last century.
186 COMPOSITA. | Zusstlago.

TUSSILAGO Linn.

1. T. Farfara Linn.— Coltsfoot.

Districts I. If. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Eat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Moist clay banks, damp fields, and gravelly places; common.
Fi. February—April. Calcicole B.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B. §V.); to 1900 ft. in Down (S. & P.).

PETASITES Linn.
1. *P. fragrans Presl— Winter Heliotrope.

Nardosmia fragrans Reichb.
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. — — — — XI. XI.

Shady roadsides, moist banks, and waste places; frequent and
locally abundant. 7. December.

A native of Southern Italy, formerly much planted in copses
and shrubberies, and frequently rejected on account of its aggressive
habit. Now thoroughly established in the country, and abundant
along roadsides in many places.

2. P. officinalis Moench—Butier Bur.

P. vulgaris Dest.

Hibernicé Pudbél (Poodb-bole).

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
River-banks and damp meadows; frequent. 7. April-May.
Sea-level in Donegal and Kerry. To 800 ft. in Dublin (W. C.);

but usually lowland.

SENECIO Linn.

1. 8. vulgaris Linn.— Groundsel.

Districts I, I, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°, Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Cultivated ground and waste places; common. Fi. Throughout
the year.
Senecio. |] COMPOSITA. 187

Sea-level in N. Donegal and S. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Derry and
to 1500 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

Vor. napiatus Koch—I. Abundant about Killarney railway
station, Kerry, and along the line: R.W.S8. 2890. About Cork
(Carroll): Cyb. Near Ballineen; Schull; Baltimore; and Skib-
bereen, 1896; and particularly abundant about Passage West;
railway at Kilcrea, and abundant along the railway from Cork to
Skibbereen, 1897; Phildips.—II. Frequent about Cork on railways
and roadsides, as at Tivoli; near Leemount; at Fota, &c.; Phillips.
On the railway at Dooniskey near Macroom; R.W.S. Clashgariff
Bridge near Coachford, 1897; Phallips.

First observed by Isaac Carroll, at Cork, before 1866: Cyd.

Vor. wrerrnica Syme—S. vulgaris x squalidus?—I. By the
western road, Cork, 1894; by. the Marina, and between Cork and
Blackrock, 1896; and—II. Gravel-pits in Dodge’s Glen, 1894-96 ;
roadside and railway embankment at Tivoli, 1890-96; Phdllips.

Much diversity of opinion exists as to the standing of this
interesting plant. Its hybrid origin has been denied by Boswell
Syme, who identifies it with S. vernalis (W. & K.); H. C. Watson
has referred it to S. crassifolius (Willd.), and, finally, Dr. Focke
accepts it as S. vulgaris x sgualidus in his work on hybrids. A
similar plant has been observed near Tregantle, E. Cornwall.

First noticed near Cork by Carroll who sent specimens to
Professor Babington in 1858. See Bot. Hz. Club Reports, 1875—
76-77 and —80.

2. §. sylvaticus Linn.— Heath Groundsel.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths, moors, and sandy banks; frequent. 27. June-August.
Caleifuge A. .

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Down
(S.§ P.); to 1000 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

8. *§S. viscosus Linn.—Sticky Groundsel.

Districts — — — — V. — — — — — — [RIL]
Gravelly and sandy ground near the sea; very rare. Fl, July—
September.

V. Sandy places by the sea, especially between Clontarf and Howth:
Wade Dubl. r794. Dry, rubbishy ground in the vicinity of Dublin
188 COMPOSIT A. [ Senecio

(Dr. Scott): Mack. Rar. Sandy fields near Kilbarrack Church and
Howth: Mack. Cat. Banks by the roadside between the Bailey
light-house and Sutton (Moore): Cyd. On the beach, Sutton side
of Howth, 1867; More. Still on the beach near Sutton, but in
small quantity, 1896; Miss S. Colgan.—[XII. Formerly found in
abundance on rubbish heaps at the foot of the Mile water, near the
terminus of the Northern Counties railway, Belfast, where it was
introduced in 1847 and where it maintained itself for nearly forty
years, until the ground was built upon: Flor. N.-L.]

Also recorded from near the Basin, Cork, in Flor. Cork, but
not found there since.

Appears to have been at one time rather frequent along the
northern shores of Dublin Bay where it has now become very rare
and seems doomed to early extinction.

4. *§. squalidus Linn.— Wall Ragwort.

Districts IW. -—- — — — —- -—- —- - —-

Walls, house-roofs, roadsides, and waste places; thoroughly
naturalized around Cork city and harbour. 7. Throughout the year.

_ I. On walls and house roofs in the southern part of Cork city

(Mr. Alexander); perfectly naturalized and most abundant in all
parts of the city and suburbs: Flor. Cork 1845. On the town walls
of Bandon and Ballinahassig, 1857 (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor.
Cork. Well established at Kinsale and Bandon (Carroll): Cyd.
Plentiful at Cork; at Bandon; at Kinsale junction; at Carrigaline,
1896; railway bank at Crookstown, 1897; and—II. Abundant
about Cork and its suburbs, from Sunday’s Well to Tivoli ; frequent
by the railway and by roadsides thence to Queenstown, 1896; near
Leemount, 1897; Phillips.
_ A native of Southern Italy now fully established in Co. Cork.
The plant was not known to Drummond as wild about Cork in 1820
and probably first became naturalized there some time between that
date and 1839; see Mor. Cork.

A rather distinct variety with almost entire leaves occurs at
Dodge’s Glen and at Queenstown; Philleps.

, 5. 8. erucifolius Linn.— Hoary Ragwort.
Districts — — — IV. i. —~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~
Lat. 53}°-5383°, East Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Roadsides, dry banks, and hedgerows ; locally abun-
dant. J, August-September.
, Senecio. | COMPOSIT A. 189

IV. Old Court near Bray, Co. Wicklow (Barrington): Ree.
Add.—V. Frequent in dry pastures in Co. Dublin: Wade Dubl,
Raheny; Coolock; Santry; Ballymun, &c.: Jr. Flor. Castle-
knock; Lucan; Stillorgan; and Tallaght (More): Rec. ddd. At
.Portrane; &. Bayly. Clonsilla; Knockmaroon; Rush, &c.; frequent
throughout the lowlands of Co. Dublin, and especially abundant
round Swords and the Malahide estuary, 1895; .C. Between
Drogheda and Dundalk, Louth (Moore): Cyb. North of Leixlip
railway station, Kildare; and at Laytown, Meath: Praeger 1897.

Almost confined to Co. Dublin where it is frequent and in some
stations abundant.

6. 8. Jacobexa Linn.— Common Ragwort.

HMibernicé Ouacaldn bude (Book-a-lawn bwee), Yellow Boy.
Districts I. II. TIL. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Pastures, roadsides, waste places, and sand-hills: common. 7.
June—September.

A pest in pasture lands throughout the country and often com-
pletely over-running peaty or sandy fallows.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry and
to 1680 ft. in Mayo (Hart).

Var. FuoscuLosus (Jord.)—I. Common on the Kerry sand-hills ;
R. W.S.—II. Near Tramore, Waterford (J. Woods): Phytol.
1855.—IV. Cahore Point; Rosslare, &c., Wexford: Hart 1883 B.—
VY. Most copiously on sands by the shore three or four miles from
Drogheda, so that of a thousand plants you shall scarce find one
with a radiant flower (Sherard): Ray’s Synopsis, 1696, p. 82.
Still most abundant from the Boyne to Clogher [no doubt Sherard’s
station], the normal form quite absent, 1896: Praeger 1897.—
VI. Frequent in Aran (Hart): Ree. Add. —VIII. In several islands
off Connemara (More): Rec. Add.—XI. Abundant on the shore of
Trawenagh Bay: art 2887 B. 7

7. §. aquaticus Huds.—Warsh Ragworé.
HMibernicé Sath-a-cuppaige (Sam-vah-curra), Sun of the Marsh (?).
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Watery places, marshes, &c.; common. 1. July-August.
__ Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1200 ft. in Mayo and
to 1500 ft. in Wicklow (Hart).
190 COMPOSIT A. [ Carlina.

CARLINA Linn.
1. C. vulgaris Linn.— Carline Thistle.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XI.
Lat. 512°-553°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, English-
British.

Gravelly banks, rocky pastures, and sand-hills; frequent and
Jocally abundant. Fl. July-September. . Calcicole A.

I. Cliffs by the Passage road (Mr. Alexander); on Inchidony
island (W. CO. Nash): Flor. Cork. Near Charles Fort, Kinsale,
1894; rare in S. Cork; and—II. Limestone hills near Midleton;
Roche’s Point; Power Head; Little Island, &c.; frequent round
Cork Harbour; Phillips. By the coast at Stradbally, Waterford:
Hart 1883 8.—ITII. Near the Black Bog, -Carlow (#. Clayton
Browne): Rec. Add. Near the source of the Barrow, Queen’s Co. :
Hart 1885.—IV. Abundant on the coast of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.
Round the whole coast of Wexford : B.-H. & M. 1892.—V. Knock-
maroon and Portmarnock, Co. Dublin: Wade Dubl. Very abun-
dant on the sand-hills at Portmarnock, 1895, and frequent in the
lowlands of Co. Dublin; .C. Ballitore and Portersize, Kildare
(Carroll): Cyb.—VI. Castle Taylor, Galway: More'z855. In all
three Isles of Aran, 1892; abundant round Ballyvaughan, Clare,
1895; and on the shores of Lough Derg, Galway, 1896; WV. C.—
VII. Knock Eyon and Knock Ross, Westmeath: Levinge r8o4.
Gortmore; Drominagh Point; and Ryan’s Point, Lough Derg,
Tipperary, 1896; WV. C.—VIII. Coast near Galway: Balfour 1875,
Plentiful near Oughterard, Galway; and—IX. Near Cong, Mayo,
1896; Miss UM. F. Jackson —XI. St. John’s Point, Killybegs:
Hart 1885 y.—X1I. Ballycastle, Antrim (Miss Hincks): Flor. Ulst.
Sparingly on sands at Ballykinler, Down, 1887 (Praeger): Flor. N.-E.

To 650 ft. in Dublin and to 800 ft. in Wicklow (. 0.); to 850
ft. in Queen’s Co. (Hart); but usually lowland.

Very rare in the North and seems to be absent from Kerry.

ARCTIUM Linn,

1, tA. majus Bernh.— Great Burdock.

A. Lappa Linn. in part—Lappa major Geertn.
Districts — — — — Vi ~—~ —~ ~ ~ X ~~ ~
Roadsides and waste places; rare. 7. August.
Arctium. | COMPOSIT A. 191

V. Roadside near St. Doulough’s, Dublin; near Oldcastle,
Meath; waste place at Blackrock, Louth; and—X. Roadside near
the south-east end of Lough Ramor, Cavan: Praeger 1897. Road-
side two miles east of Loughgall, Armagh: Praeger 1893.

A, nemorosum Lej.

Districts — — — — V. — — — — X. — XII.
Lat. 584°-553°, In North-East Ireland, chiefly.

Lowland. Waste places, field borders, &c.; apparently rare.
Fl, July-August.

V. On the Burrow, Howth, Co. Dublin (Praeger): Jr. Nat.
r895.—X. Knockmore mountain, Fermanagh : Stewart 1882. Near
Tynan, 1889, and near Navan Fort, Armagh: Praeger 1897.—
XII. At Magheramorne, Antrim, 1876 (Stewart): Bot. Hz. C. Rep.
1878. Near Donaghadee and above Newtownards, Down; at foot
of Ben Evenagh, Derry (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Moygannon and
Newcastle, Down; the prevailing Burdock of the Mourne mountains :
S8.§ P. 1892. Fair Head, Antrim: Shoolbred 1894.

2. A. minus Bernh.—Lesser Burdock.

Lappa minor DC.
Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-543°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Waste places, roadsides, field borders, &c.; common. 7%,
July-August.

Rare in District XII., for which, so far, it has been recorded
only from Moygannon and Benderg, Down, and from Crumlin and
near Larne, Antrim: 8. % P. 7895.

Sea-level in Down and 8. Cork. To 950 ft. in Dublin (™. C.).

A. intermedium Lange.

Districts I. I. ITI. IV. V. VI. — VII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably.

Lowland. Roadsides, waste places, &c.; frequent. 7, July-
August.

I, In the Blasket Islands, Kerry: Barrington 7188r.—l. &
II. Frequent about Cork (Carroll): Cyb—III. At. Maryborough,
Queen’s Co.; and—IV. Near Enniskerry, Wicklow: Praeger 1897.—
V. Near Malahide, Dublin: MW. C. 2895.—VI. Aran Isles, Galway
192 COMPOSIT.&. [ Arctium.

Bay (Hart): Ree. Add.—vVIII. On Inishbofin: More 2876.—
IX. Near Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyb. Frequent by roadsides
near Drumshambo, Leitrim: Stewart 1885.—X. Roadside near
Washing Bay, Lough Neagh, Tyrone (Miss I. C. Knowles): Ir.
Nat. 1897.—XI. In Tory Island: Barrington 2879.—XII. Com-
mon on roadsides and in waste ground in Rathlin Island: Stewart
7884. At Benderg Bay and by the old road from Ballinahinch to
Drumaness, Co. Down; quarry at Ballygalley Head, Antrim
( Stewart); at Magilligan, Derry (Mrs. Leebody): S.§ P. 1895.

CARDUUS Linn.

1. C. pyenocephalus Jacq.—Slender-flowered Thistle.

C. tenusflorus Curtis.
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. — XI. XI.
Lat. 51$°-55}°. From South to North. TZyye, English-British.
Lowland. Waste sandy places; locally abundant near the sea,
much rarer inland. /7. June-August.
Very rare in Kerry and in Donegal. Occurs not infrequently
in inland stations, but usually in small quantity and apparently as
an introduction.

2. +C. nutans Linn.—Wusk Thistle.

Districts — II. — IV. — VI. — VIII ~—~ — ~— —
Lat. 52°-532°. Southern half of Ireland. Zype, English.

Lowland. Fields, banks, waysides, and waste places; rare.
Fl, July-August. Caleicole B.

II. Waste ground on Little Island, Cork: Drummond 7820.
Still on Little Island, about fifty plants, and fairly plentiful in culti-
vated fields and on cliffs at Power Head: . Phillips r895.—IV. On
a headland by the sea, about four miles north of Blackwater Head,
Wexford: Hart z88za. In fallows at Aughnaclappa, Wexford :
Moffat 1889.—V1. By the roadside between Gort and Corofin,
sparingly: Mack. Rar. In north Clare (J. Foot): Cyb. Near
Kiltartan, Galway (C. Carter): Phytol. 1846, p. 513. Near
Castle Taylor, Galway, in some plenty: More 1855. Near Kilronan,
Aranmore island: Ogilby 1845. Atthe Seven Churches, Aranmore
island and near the landing place on Middle Island: Hart 1875,
Near the abbey, Corcomroe, Clare, 1892; P. B. O’ Kelly. On the
Carduus. | COMPOSIT A. 193

neck of Tlaun-muckinish, Clare, in some quantity, 1895; VW. C—
VIII. On Clare Island; Hon. Miss £. Lawless.

Also recorded from—I. Near Castletown Berehaven: Flor.
Cork.—V. Castle Dillon, Straffan, Kildare; and—XII. Railway
bank two miles from Carrickfergus: Cyb.; but in these stations
the plant appears to have been little more than a casual.

8.  C. crispus Linn.— Welted Thistle.

Districts — — III. — V. VI. VIL — — X. XI. XI.
‘Lat. 58°-55}°. Northern half of Ireland, chiefly. Type, British-
English.

Lowland. Dry banks, waste places, &c.; rare. 7. July—Aug.

III. At Maryborough, Queen’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—V. Road-
sides, about two miles south of Dundalk; roadside going to Lucan,
and other places about Dublin: Zempleton US. Finglas; Glasnevin ;
Ballygall; and Cardiff’s Bridge, Dublin: Zr. Hor. At Mulhuddart,
1898 ; Skerries and Sutton, 1895 ; Knockmaroon, &c. ; not infrequent
in Co. Dublin; 4. C. Roadsides near Ballitore, Kildare (7.
Chandlee): Oyb. Near Mornington, at the Boyne mouth, Meath;
Praeger.—V1. Near Corofin, Clare, 1892; Levinge.—VII. In West-
meath close to the borders of Longford (IZ. P. Edgeworth): Cyb.—
X. Cremorne, Co. Monaghan, 1805: Templeton MS. Clones,
Monaghan ; Stewart. Common in the limestone district of Armagh:
Praeger 1893.—XI. Roadside near Culdaff, 1839: Herb. C. Moore.
Near Carndonagh; and by the Erne at Belleek; Hart,—XII. Not
rare at Magilligan, 1835: Moore MS. Common at Magilligan:
8S. P. 1895. Curran of Larne: Cyd. & Stewart 1894. Fields
‘and waste ground at Killowen, Down: 8. § P. 2892.

Seldom occurs in abundance and is obviously introduced in many
of its stations. The Irish plant is usually the Var. acanrHomes
(Linn.). The Var. poryantHEmos (Koch) is apparently rare.

CNICUS Linn.

1. C. lanceolatus Willd.—Spear Thistle.

Cirsium lanceolatum Scop.
ibernicé Potanndn (Fohen-awn)—Piocedan (Feeo-kay-dhawn).
Districts I. TI. IIT. TV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZyye, British.
Pastures, roadsides, and waste places; common. £7. July-August.
0
194 COMPOSIT A. { Cnicus.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Derry (Hart);
to 1400 ft. in Ben Bulben district (B. §.V.).

2. C. palustris Willd.—Marsh Thistle.

Cirsium palustre Scop.
Districts I. IL. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Wet meadows and marshy places; common. /?. June-August.
_ Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1350 ft. in Derry
(Hart) ; to 1600 ft. in Ben Bulben District (B. §V-.); to 1800 ft.
in Dublin, and to 2400 ft. in Wicklow (XM. C.).

C. Forster’ Smith—C. palustris x pratensis—XII. In Gar-
vagh deniesne, and in wet meadows by the Bann below Jackson
Hall, Derry, 1835: Moore US.

Peculiar forms of C. pratensis have been gathered at Lisdoon-
varna, Clare, and at Lough Owel, Westmeath, by , C. Levinge ;
near Roundstone, by Rev. #. F. Linton; and near Belleisle, Lough
Erne, by R. Uv. Barrington; but none of these can with certainty
be referred to C. Forstert.

8. C. pratensis Willd.— Bog Thistle.

Cirsium anglicum Lamk.
Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.
Boggy pastures; locally abundant. J. June-August.
Sea-level in Antrim and Kerry. To 900 ft. in Donegal (Flor.
Uist.) ; to 1650 ft. in Sligo (B. & V.); to 1350 ft. in Wicklow (Hart).
Rare in the East, and in S. Cork and 8. Kerry ; abundant in the
West and North.

4, C. arvensis Hoftm.— Creeping Thistle.

Corsium arvense Scop.
Districts I. IJ. III. IV: V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat, 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Fields, waysides, &c.; common. J. July-August.
Sea-level in Antrim and Cork. To 1200 ft. in Dublin (MW. C.).
Var, sxosus (Bess.)—XI. In a stubble field by the river
Lennan near Kilmacrenan (Rev, T. Allin): Ree. Add. Carndonagh ;
Glen Alla; Carrick, &., not infrequent in Donegal; Hart. :
Selybum. ] _ COMPOSITA. 195

SILYBUM Vaill.

1. *§. Marianum Gertn.—IIk Thistle.

‘Districts I. IT, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. — X. — XII.

Waste places and cultivated ground, usually near houses or
ruins; rare. 7. July-September.

I. By the ruins at Kilshannig, Castlegregory, Kerry: Hart
1884. Magharee Islands; Barrow Harbour; Banna; Beal Castle,
&c., Kerry; 2.W.S. Timoleague Abbey, Cork: Drummond 1820.
Railway cutting near Blackrock, 1897; Phillips. At Glandore
(Miss Hungerford); at Courtmacsherry (C. Longfield); and—
‘IL. Near Mallow (Z. Chandlee): Allin’s Cork. Near Clonmel
(Miss 8. Grubb): Cyb. Field side near Tipperary; R.W. S.—
III. Lacken Hill, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden); Rock of Dunamase,
Queen’s Co. (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.—IV. Near Chapel railway station,
Wexford: B.-H. § UM. 1892.—V. Warren House, on the way to
‘Howth: Wade Dubl. Plentiful in the churchyard at Kilbarrack :
Mack. Cat. r825—still there in 1894; W.C. Sandy fields about
Rush: Jr. Flor. Donnybrook, Dublin, 1894; More. Near Balli-
tore, Kildare (J. Morrison): Cyb. Roadside near Castle Bellingham,
Louth: Butler z890.—VI. Askeaton, Limerick: Stewart r8g0.
By the ruins of Muckinish Castle, Clare, 1895; and—VII. By the
old church at Dromineer, Lough Derg, Tipperary, 1896; WV. C.—
VIII. On the beach near Galway (Prof. Melville): Cyb—X. In
Armagh, at Maghery (Rev. W. F. Johnson) ; and at Seagoe (Rev. H.
W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—XII. At Magilligan: Sampson 1802.
Benone, Magilligan, Derry, 1835: Moore MS. Portbradden and
Toomebridge (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Crawfordsburn, Down; and
White Park Bay, Antrim (Praeger): S.& P. 1895.

Long established in some of its stations in sandy ground near the
sea, butin all cases a more or less obvious relic of ancient cultivation
and nowhere occurring in abundance.

SAUSSUREA DC.

1. S. alpina DC.—Mountain Saw-wort.

Districts I. II. — IV. — — — VIII. — — XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. West Ireland, chiefly. Zype, Highland.
Wet alpine cliffs and grassy mountain ledges; very rare,

Fi. August.
02
196 COMPOSITA. [ Saussurea.

I. “On the mountains of Keri” (Lhwyd): Phil. Trans. r7z2.
Cliffs near the summit of Brandon, 1804: Mack. Rar.—abundant
here in 1885; W.C. Horse’s Glen, Mangerton (Carroll): Cyb.—
still there in 1889; R.W.S. Mullaghanattin mountain, Glencar,
‘1885; V.C. On Coomacarrea mountain, Glanbehy, Kerry, 1892;
Rk. W. S—II. On Galtymore mountain: Hart 188r. — IV. On
Thonalagee mountain, Wicklow, 1884 (WV. C.): Journ. of Bot. 1885,
p. 157.—VIII. Croaghpatrick in Mayo; Ben Lettery and Muck-
anaght, Twelve Bens, Galway: Hart 1883 0.—XI. Inishowen,
‘Co. Donegal (Mr. Brown): Templeton MS. [before 1800]. Bulbein
mountain, Inishowen: Hart 7880. Slieve League (Hart); Slieve
Snacht West (WV. C.): Hart 2885 y. Mountains near Ardara:
Hart 1886. Ballaghgeeha Gap, Dunlewy, 1884; WW. C.—
XII. Sparingly on Slieve Muck North, Mourne mountains:
8. gP. 1892.

From 1000 to 2000 ft. in Donegal, 1320-1700 ft. in Galway,
and at 2600 ft. in Tipperary (Hart); 1050-2050 ft. in Wicklow,
and 1700-2800 ft. in Kerry (V- C.).

First found by Lhwyd, in Kerry, in 1699.

Like others of our alpine species, descends to a much lower level
in Ireland than in Great Britain.

CENTAUREA Linn.
1. ©. nigra Linn.— Black Knapweed.

Districts I. II. ITT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 5139-5549. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Fields and banks; common. 7. July-September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 800 ft.im Donegal
(Hart); to 1200 ft. in Dublin (4. C.); to 1500 ft. in Kerry
(Druce).

Radiant-flowered forms which have been recorded from Kerry,
Cork, Queen’s Co., Wicklow, Down, and Derry should perhaps be
referred to C. decipiens (Thuill.).

2. C. Scabiosa Linn.— Greater Knapweed.

Districts I. IZ. II. IV. V. VI. — VII. IX. —~ — —

Lat. 513°-533°. Southern half of Ireland. ype, British-English.
Lowland. Dry banks, waste places, cultivated fields, and

pastures; locally abundant. #7. July-August. Calctcole B
Centaurea. | COMPOSITA. 197

I. Near Oyster Haven, Kinsale; and—II. At Midleton; Cloyne;
and Whitegate, Cork; Phillips. Ardmore Head, Waterford: Hart
1883 8.—III. Ayresford, &., Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.
Ballinlaw Ferry, Kilkenny: B.-H. & G. 1889. Stradbally, Queen’s
Co. (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.—IV. In Co. Wicklow, at Greystones
(Mrs. G. Dizon) ; at Kilcool (Hart): Ree. Add. Frequent near Kil-
manock, Wexford: B.-H. & G@. z889.—V. Between Chapelizod and
Lucan: Wade Dubl. 1794. Near Chapelizod, 1895; at Raheny
and Skerries, 1894; Green Hills, &c.; not infrequent in the low-
lands of Co. Dublin; W.C. Ardee, Louth; Praeger.—VI. Near
Tuam, &c., very fine: Wade Gallovid. Common in all three Isles
of Aran (Hart): Rec. Add. Most abundant in pastures and
cultivated ground about Ballyvaughan, and frequent thence by
Corcomroe, Kinvarra, Ardrahan, and Athenry, on to Galway, 1895;
NV. C. Railway banks, Adare to Ballingrane, and near Askeaton,
Limerick: Stewart 1890.—VIII. Sand-hills on Inishbofin: More
876. Near Ballynahowen and at Firboe, near Spiddal, 1896;
Rev. W. Colgan.—IX. Abundant about Cong in Co. Mayo, 1895;
Miss M. F. Jackson.

3. *C. Cyanus Linn.— Corn Blue-bottle.

Districts I. II, — IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. From South to North. Type, British.
Cultivated land; rather rare and local. FV. June-August.
Sea-level to 600 ft. in Derry (Moore MS.) ; but usually lowland.

Only a casual in many of its stations; most frequent in flax
crops.

CICHORIUM Linn.

1. ¢C. Intybus Linn.— Chicory.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. — — IX. — XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. Cultivated land, dry banks, and waste places; rare.
Fi. July-August.

I. Cape Clear Island, 1896; near Kilkern; Castlefreke; Creagh
near Skibbereen, 1897; and—II. Great Island; Ballycotton ; Gui-
leen, Co. Cork; Phsllis. Ardmore Head, Waterford: Hart
1883 8.—III. Near Ballyonskill, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden):
Ree, Add.—IV. Fields on the Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyd.
On the embankment and sand-hills at north side of Wexford,
198° COMPOSIT.A. | Cichorium.

Harbour: Hart 18838. Well established at Grange Hill, Arthurs-
town, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 2889. Aughnaclappa and Urrinsfort,
Wexford: Moffatt 1889.—V. Found near Kilmainham Hospital :
Threlkeld. Banks near the sea-shore south of Malahide (Moore):
Cyb. Potato field at Howth, 1896; Miss 8. Colgan. Rare and
uncertain in its appearances in Co. Dublin; WC. Very common
in fields and waste ground about Termonfeckin and below Togher,
Louth: Praeger z897.—VI. Glenstal, Limerick (C. B. Barrington) :
Hart 188ry. Casual near Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1896; P. B.
O’ Kelly —IX. Near Mount Falcon, Ballina; Mrs. U. Know.
Lackafinna, Cong; Miss I, F. Jackson —XI1. Between Rathmelton
and Fort Stewart (Dean Gwynn): Hart 1880. Near Greencastle,
1896; Mrs. Leebody.—XIJ. Cornfield near Kilkeel, Down: 8. & P.
1892. Glynn and Portrush sand-hills ; only a casual in the North-
East (Praeger): 8. & P. 2895.

Usually in sandy ground near the sea; but seldom occurs in
abundance.

LAPSANA Linn.
1. L. communis Linn.—Wipplewort.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Bushy places, woods, and cultivated ground; rather common.
7, July-August.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 950 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).

PICRIS Linn.

1. ¢ P. echioides Linn.—Bristly Ox-tongue.

Helminthia echioides Geertn.
Districts I. TI. — IV. Ve — — ~ ~ ~— ~— XI.
Lat. 52°-542°, South and East, chiefly. Type, English.

Hedge-banks, borders of fields, waste places, &c.; rare. FT.
July-September.

I. Near Ballincollig Castle, 1854 (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor.
Cork.—IT. Fields in the Little Island: Drummond 1820. Near
Youghal (Rev. 7. Allin): Rec. Add. Sparingly near Whitegate,
Cork, 1896 ; roadside near Guileen; plentiful in a field near Power
Head, 1897 ; Phillips. Roadside between New Geneva and Passage
( Waterford]; Dr. Barker: Templeton MS. On the north side of
Pieris.) COMPOSIT A. 199

Dungarvan Harbour, Waterford; and—IV. Between Rosslare and
Greenore, and near Duncannon, Wexford: Hart 1883 8. Plentiful
in a field between Ballinlaw Ferry and the Island Quay, Wexford
(Miss L. Glascott): B.-H. & G. 1889. Kilmanock, Wexford (G.
Barrett-Hamilton): Ir. Nat. 1894.—V. “It is frequent under
Hedges and above the Barracks [Dublin] in a Brow to the West-
ward”: Threlkeld 1727. Knockmaroon Hill; Howth; Raheny;
Kilbarrack, &c.: Jr. Flor. Not infrequent near Dublin and
occasionally along the coast as far north as Drogheda: Flor. Hib.
Roadside banks between Swords and Balbriggan (Moore): Cyd.
Near Knockmaroon; More. Plentifully on ditch-banks, and by a
quarry at Sutton: Flor. Howth. Now very rare in Co. Dublin
and apparently extinct in many of its older stations; M. C.
Gravelly banks at Laytown, Meath: Praeger 1897.—XII. Shore at
north end of Island Magee, Antrim (Stewart & R. Tate); and
shore of Belfast Bay, half-a-mile above Black Head (Stewart):
Ree. Add.

CREPIS Linn.

1. C. taraxacifolia Thuill.— Dandelion Hawk’ s-beard.

Barkhausia taraxacifolia DC.
Districts — II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 52}°-533°. ast Ireland, chiefly. Zype, Germanic.

Lowland. Dry banks, field-borders, and oid quarries and gravel-
pits ; locally abundant. 7. May-July. Caleicole B.

IT. Four or five plants by the Avenue at Blenheim, Waterford :
B.-H. & G. 1889. At Fethard and north of Clonmel, Tipperary,
1897 ; and—III. Kilkenny town and at Bagnalstown, Carlow, 1897;
Praeger. By the river at Mountmellick, Queen’s Co.; Miss &.
Grubb. —IV. Herbert Road, Bray; More.—V. Near Baldoyle;
Knockmaroon Hill, and elsewhere: Wade Dubl. (as C. biennis).
Pheenix Park; Portmarnock; Kilbarrack; and Howth: Jr. Flor.
(as C. biennis). At Leixlip; D. M‘Ardle. Skerries; Clonsilla;
Lucan ; Glenasmole, &c.; frequent almost. throughout the lowlands
of Co. Dublin, 1895; WV. C.—VI. Roadside near Ballyvaughan,
Clare, 1896 ; P. B. O' Helly. VIII. Near Ashford bridge, Galway ;
and—IX. By the Quay road, Lisloughrey, Co. Mayo, 1895; Miss
MM. F. Fackson.

Sea-level to 650 ft. in Dublin (VW. C.); but usually lowland.
200 COMPOSIT A. | Crepis.

2. C. virens Linn.— Smooth Hawks-beard.

Districts I. II. IIL. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XT. XI.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Banks, walls, hedges, &c. ; common. FV. June-September.
Sea-level in Derry and Cork. To 1200 ft. in Down (S. & P.).

3. *0. biennis Linn.— Rough Hawh’ s-beard.

Districts I. II. — IV. — VI. VIL — — X. — XI.
Lat. 52°-55°, From South to North. Type, Germanic.

Lowland. Meadows and pastures; local. F?. June—July.

I. Abundant by the railway near Vernon Mount, Cork, 1896 ;
Phillips.—I1. Near Cappoquin, Waterford, 1880; and by the rail-
way near Fermoy, Cork; F. HE. Currey.—IV. Field on Bruce’s
farm, Bray, 1891; More. Almost monopolizing some meadows
near Rathdrum, Wicklow, 1893-95; Rev. Wyndham Guinness.—.
VI. Near Tarbert, Co. Limerick: R.W. 8S. z890.—VII. Abundant
in damp fallows near Dromineer, Tipperary, 1896; W.C. Near
Geashill, King’s Co. (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 894.—X. Near the work-
house, Armagh, 1884; More—still there in 1892: Praeger 1893.—
XII. Abundant in a meadow near the town dam of Belfast water-
works, 1880; by the railway north of Whiteabbey, and in adjoining
meadows and pastures, 1884 (Stewart); by the railway at Marino
and fields near Cairncastle, 1886 (Praeger); railway at Dunadry,.
Antrim (More): Flor, N.-#. Between Crossgar and Downpatrick,
Down (Praeger); increasing in the North-East and may be ranked
there as naturalized: 8. & P. 1895.

An aggressive species usually introduced with grass seeds and
spreading rapidly in Ireland.

First found by 8. A. Stewart, in Antrim, in 1880.

4, ©. paludosa Moench.—Yarsh Hawk’ s-beard.

Hieracium paludosum Linn.
Districts I. TI. III. IV, V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, Scottish—Highland.
Marshy meadows, river banks, and wet, rocky places on moun-
tains ; frequent. £7. June-August.
I. Banks of the Feale above Listowel; very rare in Kerry:
R. W.S. 1891.—II. At Coolrue near Fermoy, but very rare
Crepis. | COMPOSIT A. 201

(ZT. Chandlee): Cyd. By the river Lickey, Waterford; and by the
river near Midleton, Cork (Rev. T. Allin): Rec. Add. Shownagh
river near Healy’s Bridge, 1895; Phellips. Above Gurtaveha
lake (Carroll): Allin’s Cork. On Galtymore mountain, Tipperary :
Hart 188r. In the Commeragh mountains, Waterford: Hart
r884.—III. By the Barrow between Lea Castle and Portarlington,
Queen’s Co.: Hart 1885.—IV. Frequent in the Wicklow moun-
tains (Moore): Cyb.—V. By rivulets on Kilmashogue mountains :
Wade Dubl. r794. Still abundant at Kilmashogue, 1895, and.
frequent in the upland and mountainous parts of Co. Dublin,
as at Lugmore; Athgoe; Kippure; Seecawn mountain, &c. ;
N.C. At the base of the Carlingford mountains near Omeath,
Louth: Hart ‘1884. Frequent near Ballitore, Kildare (Carroll):
Cyb.— VI. By the Mulcaher river, Glenstal, Limerick: Hart
r88ry. On Glounagalliagh mountain, near Killaloe, Clare, 1896 ;
NV. C.—VII. Scraw Bog, Loughanstown, and shores of Lough
Derevaragh, Westmeath : Levinge 2894.— VIII. By Lough Cullin,.
&e., Mayo (More): Cyb. Islands in Lough Inagh, Connemara,
1897; WV. C. On the Twelve Bens and Maam Turk mountains,
Galway; and—IX. Croaghpatrick, Mayo: Hart 18830. Holly-
wood and Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyd. On Ben Bulben, Sligo:
B.& V. 1885. In the Ox mountains, Sligo, 1896; WV. C. Fre-
quent in Districts X., XI., and XII.

Sea-level in Donegal and down to 100 ft. in Kerry. To
1450 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1700 ft. in Ben Bulben district
(B. & V.); to 2850 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.) ; to 2500 ft. in Tipperary
(Hart).

By no means a common species, though wide-spread and locally
abundant. Rare in the South, and apparently absent from S. Kerry
and 8. Cork.

HIERACIUM Linn.

1. H. Pilosella Linn.—Mouse-ear Hawkweed.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Dry banks, pastures,‘ and rocky places; common. 7. May-
August. :

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8, Cork. To 1300 ft. in Derry, and
to 1650 ft. in Wexford (Hart). .
202 COMPOSITA. [ Meracium.

2. H. anglicum Fries.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-554°. South to North. Zype, Highland.

Mountain cliffs and rocky places; local. £7. July-August.

I. On many of the Kerry mountains; rare at low elevations but
occurs at Muckross Lake, Killarney: &.W.S. 2890. Near Adri-
gole: Allin’s Cork. Onseveral of the Cork mountains; 2. W. S.—
II. On the Galtee mountains, Tipperary: Hart z88r. Rocks above
Gurtaveeha Lake, Millstreet, Cork (More): Rec. Add. Commeragh
mountains, Waterford: Hart 2884z.—IV. South slope of Lugna-
quilla mountain, Wicklow: Hart 288ra.—V. Carlingford moun-
tain, Louth: Hart z884.—VI. Glanquin Hills, Clare: Corry 1880.
Aranmore Island (Hart): Ree. Add. Burren Hills, Clare, 1892;
P. B, O' Kelly.—VIII. Salruck and Muckanaght, Galway; and
Westport, and Croaghpatrick, Mayo: Hart 18834. Lisoughter,
Recess, Galway (Prof. J. W. Carr): P. & C. 1895.—IX. Ben
Bulben, Sligo: B.§V. 1885.—X. Knockmore; Carrick; Drum-
bad, &c.; frequent in Cavan and Fermanagh: Stewart 1892.—
XI. Lavagh More; near Lough Belshade; between Glenties and
Silver Hill: Hart 288rB. Meevagh, Rossgull; Miss A. G.
Kinahan.— XII. Frequent in Down and Antrim: Flor. N.-£.

Var. acurirotrum Back.—IX. Glenade cliffs, Sligo: B.&V.
7885.—XII. Sallagh Braes, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. By
the Shimna river above Tollymore Park, and by the stream on Luke’s
mountain: 8. & P. 1892.

Var. vonerpractratum /. J. Hanb.—XII. Garron Point and
Glenariff, Antrim (Shoolbred): Stewart 1894.

Sea-level to 1700 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 200-2000 ft. in Down
(S.§ P.); from 100 ft. (2. W. 8.) to 2500 ft. (Hart) in Kerry.

LT, cerinthiforme (Back.) var. Hazra F. J. Hand.—XI. Slieve
League, Donegal: Hart 1885 y (as H. cerinthoides a Back.).

This plant is described in the Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 169, by
Mr. F. J. Hanbury and dedicated by him to Mr. H. C. Hart, who
has done so much to extend our knowledge of the Irish flora.

3. H. iricum Fries.

Districts I. — — — — VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}3°, South to North. Zype, Highland. Peculiar to
the British Isles. ‘

Rocky places; local. #0, June-August.
Hieracium. | COMPOSIT A. 208

I. On Mangerton and Purple mountains, Kerry (H. WV. Ridley) :
Journ. of Bot. z884. Turner’s mountain, Kerry: Druce r89z. In
several localities about Killarney: R&.W.8. 1890. Sugar Loaf
mountain, Glengariff (Carroll): Cyb.—VI. Rocky pasture west of
Castle Taylor, Galway: More 1860. Glanquin hills and Glan-
eolumbkille, Clare: Corry ‘z880. Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1892;
Levinge.— VIII. Rocky margins of streams on the Twelve Pins of
Beannabeola and on Eagle mountain, Connemara: Backhouse 1856.
Mweelrea, Mayo; and Benchoona, Kylemore, Galway: Hart 1883 a.
Locally abundant on Mount Gable near Clonbur: UZ. § S. 2896.—
IX. Ben Bulben, Sligo: Backhouse 856. Faughrey mountain, Glen-
car, Leitrim ; and Knockacree, Ox mountains, Sligo, 1896 ; WV. C._—
XI. Side of Muckish, Donegal (C. Moore): Cyb. Slieve League;
by river Finn ; by Killybegs river; and at Coolcross, Inishowen :
Hart 1885 y. St. John’s Point and near Ballyshannon, Donegal :
Hart 1886.— XII. Glenariff and Garron Head, Antrim: Backhouse
7856—still plentiful in both stations: Shoolbred z894. Sparingly
on Cave Hill; on Rathlin Island; and on Ben Evenagh (Stewart) :
Flor, N.-E. Basaltic cliffs, Downhill, Derry: S. & P. 7895.

:, From 100 ft. in Antrim to 1100 ft. in Derry (Flor. NV.-E.); to
1350 ft. in Leitrim (1. C.); 80-1250 ft. in Kerry (R.W.8.).

Of the Hieracia apparently peculiar to the British Isles, Mr,
Arthur Bennet considers this and H. Gibsoni to be the best marked
forms (see Wallace’s Island Life, ed. tt., pp. 361-2).

4. H. flocculosum Backh.

Districts — — —~ — —~ — ~—~ ~ ~— ~ ~— XII.
Lat. 54°-55°. Down and Antrim only.

River banks and rocky places; very rare. F7. July-August.

XII. Sparingly on rocky banks of the Spinkwee river above
Tollymore Park (Stewart): Flor N.-E. By the same stream, more
abundantly, on shaded rocks in Tollymore Park: 8. § P. 2892. On
the basalt of Sallagh Braes, Antrim, 1886: Stewart 189g.

5. H. Schmidtii Tausch.

HT. pallidum, Fries in part.
Districts — — — — — — ~— — IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 54°-55°. North of Ireland only... Type, Scottish.

Rocky places and mountain cliffs; very rare. FV. July-August.
204 COMPOSITZ. [Hieracium.

IX. Goat Island, Lough Gill; the Three Bunions over Glencar ;
Arroo mountain, Glenade: B.§ V. 1885.—X1. Agla mountain,
Donegal: Hart 1886.—XII. Granite cliffs of Ben Crom, Mourne
mountains: S.gP. 1892. Ballintoy, Co. Antrim (Rev. S. A.
Brenan): Ir. Nat. 1896.

Sea-level to 1300 ft. in Sligo (B.g V.). To 1500 ft. in Down
(Hart).

H. Levr F. J. Hanb—XII. Ben Evenagh, Oo. Derry, 1893
(Shoolbred): Stewart 1894 (as H. bifidum Tausch).

ZZ. lasiophyllum Koch.

ZI. crinigerum Fries—H. cinerascens Jord.
Districts — — — — — — — — — XK. — XII.
Lat. 543°-55°. Fermanagh, Down, Antrim, and Derry.

Rocky places and sand-hills; rare. #7. June-July.

X. Sparingly at Knockmore; Carrick; and Badmore, Fer-
managh: Stewart 1882.—XII. Spelga mountain, north-east of
Rosstrevor, 1872 (Stewart); sand-hills at Ballykinler, Down, 1886
(Praeger): Flor. N.-E. Steep clifis south of Glenarm (Dickie) :
Flor. Uist. Glenariff (Moore): Cyb. Cave Hill and Sallagh
Braes, Antrim; Ben Bradagh, Derry (Stewart): Flor. N.-#.

Sea-level to 1400 ft. in Down (flor. V.-£.).

H. Farrensse J. J. Hanb.—XII. Basaltic cliffs, Sallagh Braes,
Antrim (Stewart): B..N. F.C. Proc. 1892-93.

H. nusicunpum L. J. Hanb.—XI. Inishowen, Donegal (Hart) :
Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 208.—XII. Sallagh Braes, Antrim (Stewart) :
B.N. F.C. Proc. 1892-93.

6. H. argenteum Fries.

Districts — — — — — — — VIII — ~— — XII
Lat. 584°-54°. Galway and Down only.

Rocky places, and on mountains; very rare. 7. July—
August.

VIII. Muckanaght and Maumeen, Galway: Hart 1883 0.—
XII. Abundant on cliffs, Eagle Rock, Slieve Donard; sparingly by
the Shimna river in Tollymore Park; on Cove mountain and on
Ben Crom, Co. Down: 8. § P. 1892.

From 100 ft. to 1700 ft. in Down (S. § P.); 1100-1520 ft. in
Galway (Hart).
Meracium. | COMPOSIT.ZA. 205

HT. Sommerfeltci Lindeb.

‘Districts — — — — — — —~ — — ~ — KIL
Lat. 55°. County Derry only; very rare.

XII. Ben Evenagh, Derry (Stewart): 8. § P. 1895.

H. scortcuom #. J. Hanb.—XI. Grassy banks of the Carrick
river, Co. Donegal, near sea-level (Hart and Hanbury): Journ. of
Bot. 1893 § -94.

H. urernicum F. J. Hanb,—XI. By the Carrick river; and
Moynalt near Laghy, Donegal: Hart 1885 y & 2886 (as H. argen-
teum Fries)—XII. By the Causeway-water at Broughnamaddy,
Mourne mountains: Hart 1884 (as H. vulgatum Fries).

This plant, which is apparently peculiar to Ireland, has been
segregated by Mr. F. J. Hanbury on examination of specimens
gathered in the Broughnamaddy station by Messrs. Stewart and
Praeger in 1891. It is described and named in the Journ. of Bot.
1892, p. 258.

7. H. murorum Linn.

Districts I. II. — — V. VI. — — IX. — XI. XIL
Lat. 52°-553°. South to North. Zype, British.

Rocky places and banks; very rare in the South, but frequent
in the North. £7. June-August.

I. Shady walk near Gilenflesk Castle, Killarney, 1889-97;
R.W.S.—II. At Castleredmond, near Midleton, Cork: Allin’s Cork.
Fota, near Cork : Phillips z895.—V. Carlingford mountain, Louth;
Stewart.—VI. Rocks east of Ballyvaughan, Clare; Levinge.—
IX. Goat Island, Lough Gill; and Ben Bulben: B.§V. 2885.—
XI. Donegal (C. Moore): Cyb. Knockalla and Croghanmore,
Donegal: Hart 1879.—XII. Abundant on the basaltic hills of
Derry (Moore): Cyb. Frequent in north-east Ireland : Flor. N.-E.

Vor. uicroctapiuom Dahist.— XII. Newtown Crommelin and
Garvagh, Derry (Rev. S. A. Brenan): Ir. Nat. 1896.

Vor. pacuypuyttum Purchas—XII. Knockagh and Sallagh
Braes, Antrim (Stewart): Journ. of Bot. 1895.

From 100 ft. in Antrim to 1400 ft. in Down (Flor. W.-£.).

H. svpreres F. J. Hanb.— XII. Cave Hill, Antrim, 1845 (Dr.
Hateer): Herb. Hanbury, Sallagh Braes (Stewart): B.N.F. C.
Proc. 1892-93. Bank at Milltown near Red Bay, Antrim:
Shoolbred 1894. Ben Evenagh, Derry: Stewart 2894.
206 COMPOSIT A. [ Mieracium.

ZZ, stenolepis Lindeb.

Districts — — — — — — — — — — — IL
Lat. 543°-553°. Antrim and Derry; rare. /
XII. Knockagh and Sallagh Braes (Stewart); and on Cave Hill,
Antrim (Praeger): B.N.F. C. Proc. 1890-91. Garron Point and
Glenariff, Antrim; and on Ben Evenagh, Derry: Shoolbred 2894.

8. H. cesium Fries.

Districts — — — IV. — VI. — — IX. — XI. XII
Lat. 58°-552°. Northern half of Ireland.

Rocky places in mountainous districts; rare. #7. June-August.

IV. Dargle, Co. Wicklow; Hart.—VI. Rocks east of Bally-
vaughan, Clare, 1892; Levinge.——IX. Ben Bulben, Sligo: B.g-V.
1885.—XI. Coolcross, Inishowen: Hart 2885 y.— XII. Fair Head,
Antrim (Babington): Cyb. Very sparingly on the cliffs of Ben
Evenagh, Derry (Stewart): Flor. W.-H. Glenariff, Antrim
(Stewart): B.N. F.C. Proe. 1889-90.

To 1100 ft. in Derry (Flor. N.-L.).

HI, Gibsont Backh.

ET. hypocherotdes Gibs.
Districts — — — — — VI. — — — ~—~ ~— —
Lat. 538°. Clare only. Peculiar to the British Isles.

Limestone cliffs; very rare. 7. July-August.

VI. Glancolumbkille, Co. Clare: Corry 2880.

9. H. vulgatum Fries.

AZ. sylvaticum Smith.
Districts I. — — IV. V. — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XID.
Lat. 52°-552°, South to North. Type, British.
Banks, rocks, riversides, &c.; frequent in the North, rare else-
where. 7. June-August.
I. By Loughs Gall and Duff, Brandon mountain, Kerry: Hart
z884. Horse’s Glen, Mangerton, sparingly ; 2. VW. Si—IV. Powers-
court Waterfall and Devil’s Glen, Wicklow: Flor. Hib.—V. Banks
of the Liffey above Leixlip (More): Cyd.—also lower down the
river near St. Catherine’s, Lucan, 1895; W. C.—VIII. Muckanaght,
Twelve Bens, Galway: Hart 1883 o.— IX. Slievenakilla near
Lough Allen: Stewart 7885.—X. A few plants on a wall near the
Meeracium.) COMPOSITA. 207

railway station, Newtownstewart, Tyrone (Miss UM. C. Knowles):
Ir. Nat 1897.—XI. In Donegal, about Dunkineely, &c., frequent
(More): Cyb. Near Lough Doira; Murren, &c., Fanet: Hart
1879. Orockaughrim and Coolcross, Inishowen: Hart 1883.—
XII. Abundant in Derry and frequent in Antrim (Moore): Cyb.
River bank at Bryansford, Down (John White): Wade Rar. Dog’s
Leap, Newtownlimavady, 1809: Templeton MS. Blue Lough;
Hares’s Gap; and Slieve Muck North, Mourne mountains: S, § P.
1892.

From 50 ft. in Antrim (Flor. N.-£,) to 2000 ft. in Down
(S.& P.); from 700 ft. to 1450 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

EH. sciaphilum UVechtritz.

Districts — — — — — — — — — — XI.

Lat. 542°. Co. Down nly ; very rare.
XII. Saintfield, Down (D. Redmond): 8. § P. 1895.

10. H. gothicum Fries.

Districts I. — — IV. — — — VIII. — — XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-55°. South to North. Type, Highland (?).

Heathy and rocky places; rare. £7. July-September.

I. Rocks at Donemark Falls, Bantry (Carroll): Cyb.—but not
seen recently: Allin’s Cork.—IV. Head of Glenmalure, Wicklow
(Carroll): Cyb.—VIII. Connemara, Galway: Backhouse 1856.—
XI. Crockaughrim and Coolcross, Inishowen: Hart 2883. Killy-
begs river and river Finn : Hart 1885 y.— XII. Near Carrickfergus :
Backhouse 1856. Glenballyeamon, Antrim (Moore); and Glenariff
near Cushendall (Stewart): Cyd. Cushendun (Rev. S.A. Brenan) :
Flor N.-E. River banks in Glendun: Shoolbred 7894.

Var. warrrotium Backh.—XI. Kiltooris Lake, and river at Ardara
and Glenties: Hart 2886. Killybegs river and Carrick river:
Hart 1885 y.

Vor, Stewarta Ff. J. Hanb.—XII. By the Bann above Hill-
town, and sparingly in Tollymore Park, Down: 8. gP. 1892 (as.
Hi. Friesti Hartm.).

This variety is described in the Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 369, by
Mr. F. J. Hanbury, who has named it after the veteran Belfast
botanist, Mr. S. A. Stewart.
208 COMPOSIT.A. [Meracium.

11. H. rigidum Hartm.

Districts — — — — — — — — — *&% -— -
Lat. 543°. Fermanagh only. Type, English.

Rocks; very rare. 7, August-September.

X. Marble Arch, Florence Court, Fermanagh (fev. 8. A.
Brenan): More 1873.

The Irish plant is H. tridentatum (Fries).

12. H. prenanthoides Vill.

Districts — — — — — — — — — — — KIL
Lat. 55°. County of Derry only. Type, Highland.

Rocky places; very rare. 7. July-August.

XII. Near Garvagh, Co. Derry: Backhouse 1856. Meadows
near Donald’s Hill, in the parish of Bovevagh, Derry (Joore) :
Cyd.

13. H. strictum Fries.

Districts — — — IV. — — ~~ — — — XII.
Lat. 58°-55°. Wicklow, Antrim, and Derry. Zype, Highland.
Mountain glens and rocky places; rare. 7. July-August.
IV. Head of Glenmalure, Wicklow: Carroll 1854.—XII. Gar-
ron Head, Antrim: Backhouse 2856. Garvagh, Derry (Moore):
Cyb.

14. H. corymbosum Fries.
Zf. rigidum Backh.

Districts -—- — — IV. V. — — — — — — XII.
Lat. 538°-55°. Wicklow, Louth, Antrim, and Derry. Type, High-
land.

Mountain districts; rare. £7. July-September.

IV. Head of Glenmalure, Wicklow: Carroll r854.—V. Above
Omeath, Carlingford mountain, Louth: Hart 1884 (as H. prenan-
thotdes).— XII. Glenariff, Antrim : Backhouse 1856. Garron Head,
Antrim (Babington): Cyb. By the river Bush, above Bushmills;
and on Cave Hill, above Whitewell, Antrim (Stewart): Flor.
N.-#. Glendun, Antrim: Shoolbred 289g. Copses near Garvagh,
Derry (Moore): Cyb. Tircrevan, Derry (Rev. S. A. Brenan):
Hor, N.-£.
Meracium. | COMPOSITA, 209

15. H. auratum Fries,

Districts — — — — — — — — — — — KIL.
Lat. 54°-55}°. Down and Antrim only.

River banks and rocky places; locally abundant. 7. July.

XII. Abundant in the Mourne Mountains, Co. Down: 8S. & P.
1892. Lough Neagh shore at Cranfield (Stewart); sea cliffs at
Cushendun, Antrim (Praeger): B..N. F.C. Proc. 1892-93. In
several places on the banks of the river in Glendun, Antrim:
Shoolbred 18094.

From 50 ft. in Antrim to 1500 ft. in Down (Stewart).

16. H. crocatum Fries.

Districts — — — — V. — — VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 5383°-554°, West and North, Zype, Highland.

Mountain glens, cliffs, and rocky places; frequent in Antrim,
rare elsewhere. £7. July-August.

V. Northern base of Carlingford mountain, Louth: Hart
1886 a.—VIII. Ballinahinch, Connemara: Backhouse 7856.—X. By
the Mournebeg river, south from Stranorlar, in Co. Tyrone: Hart
7886—this locality also extends into the following district—
XI. Near Glenagiveney, Donegal: Hart 2883.—XII. Glenbally,
and near Carrickfergus, Antrim: Backhouse 2856. Sparingly in
Rademon demesne, Co. Down: B. NV. F. C. Proc. 1885. Tollymore
Park: Hart 18860. By the Shimna river and on Pigeon Rock
mountain, Down: 8. &P. 2892. Ben Evenagh, Derry (Stewart):
Cyb. By Owenrigh river near Dungiven, Derry: Hart 1886.
Not rare in north-east Ireland, and sometimes very luxuriant :
blor, N.-E.

From 100 ft. to 1400 ft. in Down (Stewart).

17. H. boreale Fries.

I. sabaudum Smith.
Districts I. — III. IV. V. — VIL — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-552°. South to North. Zype, British-English,
Banks, woods, and rocky places; rare. £7. August-September.
I. Roughty river above Kilgarvan, Kerry; 2.W.S. Glengariff :
Flor. Cork and Babington in Herb.—III. Near Clonegall on the
Slaney river, Co. Carlow: Hart z88ra. By the river Barrow at
P
210 COMPOSITA. [ Hieracium.

Graiguenamanagh, Kilkenny: Hart z885.—IV. Plentiful in Glen-
malure and at Glendalough, Co. Wicklow (Carroll): Cyb. Devil’s
Glen and Annamoe river, Wicklow, 1884; Hart—V. Ballitore
Hill, Co. Kildare (Carroll): Cyd. Banks of the Dodder above Old
Bawn, Co. Dublin, 1896; W. C.—VII. Coosan Point, Lough Ree,
Westmeath: B. §V. 1887.— XI. By the Swilly river near Letter-
kenny, Donegal ; Hart.—XII. By the Agivey river, below Garvagh,
and in Tircreavan glen near Magilligan, Derry (Moore): Cyb.
Murlough, and near Glenariff, Antrim: Templeton MS. Glenariff
(Babington); and Cave Hill, Antrim (Dr. Mateer): Flor. N.-E.
Cairncastle, and rocky mountains between Larne and Glenarm: Jr.
Flor, Slievenamaddy or Dog’s mountain, Co. Down (John White) :
Wade Ror. By the Shimna river above Tollymore Park, Down:
S.§ P. 1892.

From 100 ft. in Kerry (2. W.8.) to 1300 ft. in Wicklow
(Hart).

18. H. umbellatum Linn.

Districts I. — III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat 513°-55}°. South to North. ype, English.

Banks and rocky places; rare. 7%. July-September.

I. Near Dunkerron, Kerry (Backhouse); Galway river near
Killarney (Babington): Cyb. In several localities about Killarney,
and along the river Caragh, Glencar, Kerry: R. W.S. 7888, fe.
On rocks in Lough Allua, 1897; Philhips.—III. Granagh, Kil-
kenny (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.—IV. Devil’s Glen and other places
‘in Wicklow: Flor. Hib. Ballyarthur and Glencree, Co. Wicklow :
fr, Flor, Tigrony mine, Ovoca, Wicklow; Hart.—V. Banks of
the Glencullen river, Co. Dublin: W. C. 2893.—VI. By the side of
the Woodford river, Lough Derg: Zinton 1886. Abundant on
many of the rocky islets and promontories of Lough Derg, as on
Lushag rocks and Long Island, Clare; on Young’s Island; Yellow
Island ; Hare Island and Farrahill Point, Galway; and—VII. On
Scilly Island and Ryan’s Point, Tipperary: W. 0.2897. Hare
Island, Lough Ree: B. & V. 1887.—VIII. By the river above Glen
TInagh, Twelve Pins: Ball 2839. On Otter Island, Lough Inagh,
and rocks in Glen Inagh river, 1897; N.C. On the shores and
islands in Lough Corrib and Lough Cullin, Mayo (More): Cyd.
Near Maam, Galway (Babington): Cyb.—X. Isle Namanfin, Lough
Erne: Barrington 1884.—XI. By the stream at Glenties: Hart
1881 B. By the Carrick river; Lough Eske, &.: Hart 1885 y.—
Mieracium. | COMPOSIT:. 211

XII. On Ben Evenagh, Derry: Moore MS. Glenariff, Antrim
(Moore): Cyb. Very rare in the North-East: Flor, N.-H—no
recent records for Derry, Antrim, or Down.

To 1100 ft. on Ben Evenagh (Moore US.); to 750 ft. in Dublin
(NW. C.); but usually lowland.

Var. cononorirotrum (Bernh.)—V. In Co. Dublin, by the Glen-
cullen river, 1893; by the Dodder above Old Bawn, 1896; W. C.

Var. rmirourom Back.—XII. Harper’s [Harbour] Island in
Lough Neagh: Backhouse z856—not found there recently.

HYPOCHERIS Linn.

1. H. radicata Linn.—Long-rooted Cat’s-car.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Pastures, waste ground, &c.; common. 7%. June—September.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1850 ft. in Ben
Bulben district (B.§V.); to 2000 ft. in Kerry (Druce 1892).

LEONTODON Linn.

1. L. hirtus Linn.— Hairy Hawkbit.

Thrineia hirta DC.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.

Pastures, dry banks, sand-hills, &c.; frequent and locally
abundant. 7. June-August. Caletcole B.

Sea-level to 1000 ft. in Dublin (1. C.); but usually lowland.

2. L. hispidus Linn.— Rough Hawkbit.

Apargia hispida Willd.—Thrineta hispida Roth. |
Districts I. II, III. IV. V. — VII. VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 52°-582°. Southern half of Ireland. Type, English-British.

Pastures and banks; local. 7. June-August. Caleicole B.

I. At Killarney (Babington); and at Castlegregory, Kerry (Moore):
Cyb.—II. Near Fermoy (7. Chandlee): Cyb. Glanmire and Little
Island, raré in Cork; Phzllips.—III. Near Kilmacow, Kilkenny
(7. Chandlee): Cyb. By the Barrow between Mountmellick and
Two-mile Bridge: Hart z885.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore) :

P2
212 .COMPOSIT.As. [Leontodon,

Cyb. Rosslare and Bannow, Wexford: Hart 78838. Abundant
at Woodbrook Lawn, Wexford: Moffat 1889.—V. Abundant at
Portmarnock, Co. Dublin: Mack. Cat. Finglas, 1894; Balbriggan
and Leixlip, 1895; Dodder river near Old Bawn, 1896; Killiney,
&c.; frequent and locally abundant in Co. Dublin; NW. C—
VII, Near Creggan Lough, Westmeath: B.§V. 2887.. Knock
_Eyon, Westmeath: Linton z896.—VIII. Near the town of Galway,
but rare (Prof. Melville): Cyb.—IX. Near Hollymount, Mayo,
sparingly (Hore): Cyd. Near the rectory, Cong, Co. Mayo, 1896;
Miss M. F. Jackson, Also recorded from Districts XI. and XII., but
probably in error as the plant has not recently been found in either.

Sea-level to 1000 ft. in Dublin (1. C.).

Very rare in the South-West, and rare in the West,

3. L. autumnalis Linn.—Autumnal Hawkbit.

Apargia autumnalis Willd.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures and heaths; common. /%. July-September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1300 ft. in Donegal,
2800 ft. in Down, 2500 ft. in Mayo and Tipperary, and to 3200 ft.
in Kerry (Hart).

Var, pratensis (Koch)—Apargia Tarazact Smith—I. On Ma-
gillicuddy’s Reeks ; on Brandon mountain ; and—II. On Galtymore,
Tipperary : Mack. Rar.—lIV. On Iugnaquilla, Wicklow (J. Ball):

- Cyb.— VIII. Ridge above Lough Brawn, Mweelrea: Hart 1883 a.—
IX. On Ben Bulben, 1885: Linton 1886.—XI. On Muckish; Blue
Stack; and Slieve League; Hart.—XII. On Black mountain and
Sheve Donard: Flor, Uist. On Ben Evenagh, Derry (Moore): Cyb.
Slieve Bearnagh, Mourne Mountains: Hart 884.

TARAXACUM Linn.

1. T. officinale Web.— Dandelion.
Leontodon Taraxacum Linn.
Hibernicé Céap cpeapban (cawsh ther-vawn) Bitter-root,
Districts I. II. III, IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX, X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Meadows, pastures, waste places, sand-hills, &.; common. FY.
_April-October.
Taraxacum. | COMPOSITA. | 213

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2210 ft. in Donegal,
to 2100 ft. in Mayo, and to 2650 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Var, exytHRosprrmum (Andrs.)—V. Sandy pastures on the
Cosh, Sutton, Co. Dublin, 1894; WV. C—XII. Roadside in Glen-
dun, Antrim (Rev, 8. A. Brenan): Flor. N.-E.

' Var, pawosrre (DC.)—I. Valentia, Kerry (Rev. S. Madden):
Cyb. Connor Hill, Kerry: Babington in Herb. Ballyphehane Bog,
Cork: Flor, Cork.—IV. In the Dargle: Flor. Hib.—V. Fuller’s
Court, Ballitore, Kildare (7. Chandlee) : Cyb. Three Rock moun-
tain, 1895, and elsewhere in the Co. Dublin; WV. C—IX. Ben
Bulben: For, Ulst.—X. In Co. Tyrone (Dr. Sigerson’): Rec. Add.—
XII. Drumbo, Down; and Cave Hill, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Var, ovom (Jord.)—VI. By the turloughs near Coole Park,
Galway ; and—IX. Near Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyd.

LACTUCA Linn.

1. {L. muralis Fresen.— Wall Lettuce.

Districts I. — —. IV. V. — VIL — — — — —
Lat. 52°-532. East Ireland, chiefly. Zype, English.

Woods, banks, and old walls; very rare. 7. July-August.

I. Several plants in shrubberies at Glenflesk Castle, Killarney :
RW. 8. r890—still there and spreading in 1897; R.W.S.—
IV. Roadside leading from Lara Barrack to Clara, Co. Wicklow
(Mr. Johnston): Cyb. In considerable quantity on walls and by
the roadside and in a wood near Lara, 1897; &.W.S.—V. Abun-
dant in the woods at Collon, Louth: Wade Rar.—seen here by
Mackay: Flor. Hib. Bank in Saint Anne’s demesne, Dollymount,
Co. Dublin, 1894; Hart. An escape on walls and banks at
Ballitore, Kildare (Carroll): Cyb.—VII. In Ballynagall demesne,
‘Westmeath, and on the demesne wall: Levinge 2895.

Doubtfully native in most, if not all, of its stations.’

SONCHUS Linn.
1. §. oleraceus Linn.—Sowthistle.

Districts I. IT. IT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 514° 553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.
Cultivated fields, banks, and waste ground; common. F7, June-Oct.
Sea-level in Antrim and Cork. To 1000 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).
214, COMPOSIT.A. . [Sonchus.

2. S. asper Hoffm.—Rough Sowthistle.

Districts I. IJ. ILI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Zyype, British.

Cultivated land, hedge banks, and waste places; frequent. 7.
June—September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and §. Cork. To 900 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B. § V.).

3. S. arvensis Linn.— Corn Sowthistle.

Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Corn-fields, and sandy or gravelly sea shores; rather common.
i, July-September.

Sea-level to 800 ft. in Dublin (NW. C.).

TRAGOPOGON Linn.

1. T. pratensis Linn.— Yellow Goats’ -beard.

Districts — IJ. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 52°-534°. Southern half of Ireland. Zype, British-English,

Lowland. Pastures, dry banks, and gravel-pits; rather rare.
Fl, June-July.

II. Meadows at Glanmire (Ur. Alexander): Flor. Cork. Near
Youghal, 1896; 7. Farrington. Railway banks near Castle-
townroche, 1897; Phillips. Near Clonmel and Carrick-on-Suir
(Miss S. Grubb): Cyb.—III. By the Nore near Borris-in-Ossory :
Hart 1885 8.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.—V. Fre-
quent in Co, Dublin and abundant on railway embankments; WV. C.
Near Moone and Ballitore, Kildare (7. Chandler): Cyd. About
Mount Oriel; Strigna; and Tiernan’s Hill, Louth: Jr. Flor —
VI, Fields near Limerick (Prof. Harvey): Cyb. Between Balli-
nasloe and Ahascragh, Galway: Praeger 1896.—VII. Abundant by
the Barrow near Portarlington, King’s Co. : Hart 7885.—VIII. Near
the town of Galway (Prof. Melville); and—IX. At Hollymount,
Mayo (More): Cyd.

_ Both the type and Var. minor (Fries.) are perhaps equally
frequent in Ireland, but have not been sufficiently discriminated.
Lobelia. | CAMPANULACEA. 215

ORDER XXXVI.—CAMPANULACEZ.
LOBELIA Linn.

1. L, Dortmanna Linn.— Water Lobelia,

Districts I. II. — IV. — VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. South to North. TZype, Scottish-Highland.

Margins of lakes, especially in mountain districts; locally
abundant. 7. July-Angust. Caleifuge A.

I. In most of the mountain lakes of Kerry; &.W.S. Lakes at
Gouganebarra, and near Glengariff (Carroll): Cyd. Shepperton
lakes near Skibbereen; Phil/ips.—Il1. Ballyscanlon lake near Tra-
more, Waterford (Miss 8. Grubb): Cyb.—IV. Lough Dan, and
Glendalough, Wicklow: Jr. Flor. Lower Lough Bray (V. A.
Smith): Cyb.—VI. Between Milltown and Kilrush, Clare (C.
Carter): Cyb.—VIII. Common in Connemara; in Loughs Conn and
Cullin, Mayo; and—IX. Near Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyb. East
side of Lough Mask, 1891; &. P. Vowell. In several lakes in the
Ox mountains, Sligo, 1896; WV. C.—X. In Derrylileagh Lake, and
‘in Lough Neagh at Raughlan Point (Rev. H. W. Lett); in Ross Lake
‘and Lough Neagh, north of Bird Island: Praeger 1893.—XI. In
many lakes in Donegal: Hart 1879 §e.—XII. In Lough Neagh
at the townland of Kilmore near Moira: Ray Synopsis 1696.
‘Blue Lake and Bingian Lake, Mourne Mountains: Hart 7884.
Lough Shannagh and Altnadua Lake, Down: S&P. 7892. Lake-
let on the summit of Binnagee near Carnlough, Antrim (Praeger):
B.N. F.C. Proc. 890-91. Lough Neagh, Antrim, 1865 (Rev. 8,
A. Brenan); apparently decreasing in the North-East: Flor. N.-£.

Sea-level in Antrim and Kerry. To 1180 ft.in Donegal (Hart);
to 1350 ft. in Down (S.§P.); to 1500 ft. in Wicklow, and to
1280 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

JASIONE Linn.

1. J. montana Linn.—Sheep’s Scabious.

Districts I. IT. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII,
‘Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Heaths, moors, rocks, and sandy banks; frequent. 77. June—
August. Calcifuge A.
216 CAMPANULACEA. [ Jastone.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Donegal,
to 2200 ft. in Mayo, to 2500 ft. in Tipperary, and to 3127 ft. in
Kerry (Hart).

WAHLENBERGIA Schrad.
1. W. hederacea Reichb.—Lvy-leaved Bell-flower.

Campanula hederacea Linn.
Districts I. II — IV. Vi —- — — — ~—~ — —
Lat. 513°-532°. South and South-East. Zype, Atlantic.

Damp grassy places, and wet shady banks; rare. 7. July—
August. Calcifuge A.

I. Very abundant on both sides of the river Flesk, Killarney,
from the Finnow river to above Loo Bridge; by the river
_Roughty near Kenmare, and along the Blackwater, Kenmare Bay:
RW. S. 1889 § 1890. Near Lispole station, towards Connor Hill,
‘Kerry, 1891; Cec’l Butler. Near the old house of Barleyfield
_ near Ballybritton, five miles from Bandon (Dr. Vize): Wade Rar.
Plentiful near the river about a mile below Bandon, and in several
other places in the neighbourhood: Mack. Rar. By the river Lee:
Drummond 1818. Banks of a stream west of Macroom (Miss
Harvey): Ree. Add. Moist fields by the Bandon road two miles
south of Kilcreagh Abbey (Z. Wright): Cyb. At Desert; Bal-
lineen; Ballinadee; and Kilbrittain: Advin’s Cork. Innishannon
and Desert, 1890, and plentiful by the len river, Skibbereen,
1897; Phillips. Pass of Keimaneigh, 1896; Urs. ei
II. Near the Mardyke (Rev. Dr. Hincks) ; on the bank of the Lee
opposite Carrigrohane Castle (D. Murray); by the Lee above
Iniscarra (Drummond): Flor. Cork, Near Saint Anne’s Hill,
Blarney (Miss Boole): Allin’s Cork. By the Lee near Castle Inch,
1893; Phillips.—-IV. Found on Sugar Loaf mountain, Co. Wicklow
in 1805 (Dr. Stokes): Mack. Rar. On the west slope of Sugar
Loaf, 1884; W.C. Abundant in Glencree near the copse wood :
Mack. Cat. 1825. In the copse, Glencree, 1881, and abundant on
moist banks and along drains by the roadside near the Reformatory
School, 1893; W.C. A characteristic plant in the valley of the
Urrin, and alone the higher feeders of the Boro, Wexford (C. B.
Moffat): B.-H.§ UM. 1892. Marshy meadows by the Bann near
Ferns, Wexford: Jr. Nat. 1897, p. 279. Roadside at Clone in the
Gold Mine Valley, South Wicklow, 1882; Miss Kinahan.—V. In
Glencullen [Co. Dublin] near the bridge (Greenwood Pim): Ree.
Wahlenbergia. | CAMPANULACEA, 217

Add.—spreading along the stream here for half a mile, 1893, and
ascending wet mountain slopes 8.-W. of the bridge, 1894 (¥. C.),
here reaching its northern limit in Ireland.

Sea-level in Kerry. To 1000 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

CAMPANULA Linn.

1. C. Trachelium Linn.—Wettle-leaved Bell-flower.

Districts — — II. — — — VIL — — —'— —
Lat. 52° 25’—52° 55’. South-East Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. In hedges and thickets by rivers; rare. £1. July-
August.

III. Woodstock near Inistiogue [Nore] river: Templeton US.
‘Woods near the Barrow above New Ross: Mack. Cat. (as C.
latifolia). Archer’s Grove; Sheestown ; Laggbush, all in Kilkenny
(Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. By the Nore near Abbeyleix, Queen’s Co. 3
and in Co. Kilkenny, at Ballyragget, at Thomastown, and abundant
from below Woodstock to New Ross: Hart 2885 8.—VII. On the
left bank of the Barrow about a mile above Portarlington, King’s
Co., in small quantity : Hart 1885.

Also recorded for District V. from a ditch bank between Glas-
nevin and Finglas (Jr. Flor.) where the plant has not been seen
recently and was no doubt introduced.

2. C. rotundifolia Linn.—Hare Bell.

‘Hibernicé Meapacdn sopm (Mairy-cawn gorrum), Blue Thimble.
District I. II. III. IV, V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths, dry pastures, sand-hills, and stony places; frequent and
locally abundant. £7. July-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Kerry. To 2200 ft. in Donegal,
to 2450 ft. in Down, to 2600 ft. in Mayo, and to 3120 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).

. Very rare in Cork and generally more abundant in the West
than in the East, and near the coast than inland.

Var. sexctosa More.—VIII. Among the rabbit burrows, south
of the harbour, Inishbofin: More 1876.—IX. Near Collooney,
‘Co. Sligo; ZLevinge—named Var. arctica Lange by Mr. J. G. Baker,
but perhaps hardly distinct from Var, spxcrosa.

This beautiful and well-marked variety (srzciosa) was first
218 CAMPANULACEA, [ Campanula,

observed by A. G. More in Inishbofin in 1875 and described and
named by him in his report on the flora of the island, read before
the R. I. Acad. in April, 1876: R.A. Proc., 2nd Ser., Vol. IL, 1876.

Vars. vancirotia Mert. & Koch. and neva Rich.—1X. On lime-
stone south of Lough Mask: If. § S. 1896.

ORDER XXXVII. VACCINIEZ.

VACCINIUM Linn.
1. V. Vitis-Idea Linn.— Cowberry.

Hibernicé Opamsle6s (Brill-yage).
Districts — II. III. IV. V. — VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 523°-552°. From South to North. Type, Highland-Scottish.
Mountain heaths; wide-spread, but local. %, June—July,
Caleifuge A. ;
II. On Galtymore, Tipperary (Carroll): Cyb.—and in 1880:
Hort 7881. Cliffs above the Stilloge Lakes, Commeragh moun-
tains; and—III. Blackstairs mountain, Carlow: Hart 1884.—
IV. Among the heath at Upper Lough Bray, where it was first ob-
served by Mr. Templeton in 1802: Mack. Rar.—still there, 1890;
&.W.S8. Frequent in Co. Wicklow, as on War Hill, Greenwood
Pim; Mullaghcleevaun and Thonalagee, Hart; Croghan Moira and
Lugnaquilla; WV. C.—V. Carlingford Mountains: Jr. Flor. Near
the top of Kippure, Co. Dublin, 1893; 1. C.—VII. On Keeper
mountain, Tipperary (Admiral Jones): Cyd. On the large bog
near Bracklin, Westmeath, 1878 (Moore): Herb. Glasnevin, —
VIII. On Nephin (Babington); and on Cor Slieve in Erris (Moore) :
Cyb. Sparingly on Mweelrea : Hart 1883 a.—IX. On Ben Bulben,
1834; Rt. Hon. John Wynne. Near the top of Truskmore, Ben
‘Bulben, 1896 (Rev. C. #. D'Arcy); and frequent in the Ox moun-
tains, Sligo: WV. C. 1896.—X. Bogs at the southern extremity of
Lough Neagh: Zempleton MS. Heaths near Dungannon, Tyrone
(Mr. Campbell): Flor, Ulst. In Cavan and Fermanagh, on Drum-
-bad; Tents Mountain; Cuilceagh, &c.: Stewart 7882.—XI. On
all the higher mountains of Donegal; Hart.—XII. On a bog in
‘Crevetenan near Ballinahinch, 1794: Templeton MS. On most of
the summits of the Mourne mountains: 8. P. 2892. On Slieve-
nanee, Antrim: Flor, Uist. Hast of Rasharkin, and plentiful near
Faccinium. | VACCINIEZA. 219

it at Lough Naroon (Stewart): Flor. V.-E. Mullaghmore and Ben
Bradagh, Derry: Hart 1884. At about 200 ft. between Kilrea
and Garvagh, Derry (Praeger): Journ. of Bot. 1894.

Apparently absent from the South-West, there being no records,
so far, from either Cork or Kerry.

Quite lowland in many of its Irish stations, descending to
200 ft. in Derry, to 275 ft. in Westmeath and to about 100 ft.
south of Lough Neagh. Ascends to 2000 ft. in Derry (Moore);
to 2796 ft. in Down (S.& P.); to 2900 ft. in Wicklow (Hart).

2. V. Myrtillus Linn.— Bilberry; Whortleberry.
Mibernicé Phaotdn (Fray-ack-awn).
Districts I. II. ITT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-Highland.

Heathy woods, bogs, moors, and mountains; common. 7. April—
May. Calcifuge A.

Descends to 100 ft. in N. Antrim, and to sea-level in 8. Cork.
To 2460 ft. in Donegal, and to 2796 ft. in Down (flor. Ulst.) ; to
3000 ft. in Wicklow, and to 3414 ft. Kerry (Hart).

Excluded from large areas in the Irish lowlands by its strong
aversion from limestone soils.

3. V. Oxycoccus Linn.— Cranberry.

Oxycoccus palustris Pers.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 512°-55°, South to North. Type, British-Intermediate.

Wet, spongy bogs; locally abundant. 27. June-July.

I. Sherehee bog near Cloghereen; sparingly in upper Glen-
car; near Castleisland; very rare in Co. Kerry: &. W.S.
1888 § -89. Bog near Dunmanway (Prof. &. Murphy): Cyb.—not
seen there since, evidently extremely rare in Co. Cork: Allin’s
Cork.—II. Glenagad, Waterford (2. Davis); about a mile from
Clonmel (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb.—IV. Near Lough Dan and Lough.
Bray, Wicklow: Jr. Flor. InGlencree; &. W.S. Plentiful near
Roundwood, Wicklow; More.—vV. ‘‘They” [the berries] “‘are
sent from the Co. Kildare”: Rutty’s Dublin.—VI. At Castle
Taylor: More 1855. Abundant in bogs near Clonbrock, Galway :
Praeger 1896. Plentiful on parts of Monmor Bog, Clare: Stewart
18g0.—VII. Quarry bog, Knock Drin, and exceedingly abundant at
Scraw bog, Loughanstown, Westmeath: Levinge r894.—VIII. Re-
corded for this District in Ist Ed. Cy., but no locality available.—
220 VACCINIEA. [ Vaccinium.

IX. Hollymount, Mayo; Wore—X. In several stations in Co.
Armagh: Praeger 1893. Near Verner’s Bridge, Tyrone, 1896;
Mrs. Leebody.— XII. Very abundant in bogs by Lough Neagh, be-
tween Ballyronan and the mouth of the Moyola, Derry : Moore MS.
Abundant above Dunloy and Rasharkin, Antrim (Praeger); Evish,
above Glenariff (Rev. S.A. Brenan): S.§ P. 1895. Marsh at Saul
Camp, Downpatrick; north-west of Carnlough, Antrim; near
Lough Ouske, Sperrin mountains, Derry (Praeger): B. NV. F. C.
Proc. 1892-93. Becoming rare in the North-East: For. N.-E.

To 1000 ft. in Antrim (Praeger); but usually lowland.

Appears to have been formerly abundant in Ireland and has, no
doubt, been extinguished in many parts by the reclamation of bog
lands. :

ORDER XXXVIII.—ERICACEA.

ARBUTUS Linn.

1. A. Unedo Linn.—Strawberry Tree.

Districts Io = SS SS SS SSS
Lat. 51° 40’—52°. South-West Ireland. Zye, Hibernian.

Rocky places and boggy woods; locally abundant. 7. Septem-
ber—October. ;

I.. “Of late dayes found in the West part of Ireland”: Par-
kinson, Theatr. Bot. 1640, pp. 1489-90. ‘‘On the mountains of
Keri” (Lhwyd): Phil. Trans. r7r2. ‘It grows in the Co. of
Kerry on the Borders of Loghlen [Killarney Lakes]; it groweth
also at Glengaruh, in the Bantry in the O’Sullivan’s Country”’:
Threlkeld 1727. ‘‘ Wild in the rocky mountains which divide this
county [Cork] from Kerry, as also in great quantities round the
lake of Killarney”: Smith's Cork r750. Islands at the head
of the Kenmare river: Smith’s Kerry 1756. “I am told that
it is to be met with . . . in all the mountainous situations to the
west of Bantry Bay, County Cork”: Wade Rar. z8o0g. ‘‘ Very plen-
tiful in most of the wooded mountains about Killarney, in the woods
of Mucruss and in several of the islands in the Lower and Upper
Lakes, the largest tree being observed in Rough island, where one
was found (1805) to measure 93 ft.in girth. At Glengariff, County
Cork, there are several very large trees”: Mack. Rar. 1806. By
Arbutus. | ERICACEA. 221

the lakes in the barony of Bere (Drummond); Ballyrizzard, Crook-
haven (R. W. Townsend): Flor. Cork—not seen there recently. An
old tree on the western declivity of Hungry Hill; island on Lough
Inchiquin, south side of Kenmare Bay (Carroll): Cyb. Near
Ardgroom (More): Allin’s Cork. Two or three old, half-dead trees
on the south side of Lough Currane: &.W.S. 2890. One old tree
on the Reeks below Lough Gooagh: Hart 7882. One tree on the
mountains north of Lough Currane, 1892; W.C. Seven trees in
rock-clefts on Adrigole mountain, and two fine specimens near
Adrigole village,.1894; Phillips. Abundant on the shores and
islands of Killarney Lakes, 1896; but very rare, and fast becoming
extinct, outside the Killarney district; 2.W. S.

To a little over 500 ft. in Kerry (Hart); but usually quite
lowland.

First recorded by Parkinson in 1640.

Confined in Ireland to a very limited area lying well within a
‘radius of 25 miles from Glengariff as centre. Not found in Great
Britain. Very rare in south-west France, where it reaches its
extreme northern continental limit below Lat. 46° in Charente
Inferieure; abundant in the Spanish Peninsula and all along the
Mediterranean. The high northward range of this species in Kerry
exhibits in a striking way the peculiar climatic conditions which
obtain in South-West Ireland.

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans.
1. A. Uva-ursi Spreng.—Bear-berry.

Arbutus Uva-ursi Linn.
Districts — — — — — VI. — VIII. — — XI. XII,
Lat. 58°-552°. West and North. Zype, Highland.

Mountain heaths and stony pastures; locally abundant. 27, May.

VI. ‘It spreads to a vast degree on the limestone rocks on the
Burren mountains”: Wade Rar. Abundant on the hills west of
Ballyvaughan valley, spreading as far as Slieve Elva: Foot 1864,
Abundant on the top of Cappanawallia mountain, west of Bally-
vaughan, Clare, 1895; W.C. Plentiful about Castle Taylor,
Galway: More 7855.—VIII. Very common on the mountains of
Connemara: Wade Rar. In Co. Mayo, at Benwee Head, 1823,
and at Portacloy, 1863; Rt. Hon. John Wynne. On Cor Slieve,
Erris (Moore): Cyb, On Mweelrea; Nephin; Nephin Beg; Cur-
raun Achill, and Achill Island, Mayo; abundant on the Twelve
222 ERICACEA. [ Arctostaphylos.

Bens, Galway; more frequent in Galway than in Mayo: Hart
1883 a.—XI. Co. Donegal (Mr. Brown); on Muckish mountain,
very plentifully, 1815: Zempleton US. Slieve League; Horn
Head; Errigal, &c.; round the coast of Donegal and on mountains
by the coast: Hart 1879, §e.—XII. At Fair Head, plentiful,
1814: Zempleton MS. By the northern lake on Fair Head,
1837: G. C. Hyndman in Herb.—the only station in north-east
Ireland.

From about sea-level in Donegal, Galway, and Mayo, to 1800 ft.
in Galway and to 1900 ft. in Donegal (Har?).

ANDROMEDA Linn.

1. A. Polifolia Linn.—Warsh Andromeda.

Districts — — III. IV. V. VI. VI. — IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 523°-544°. Middle Ireland, chiefly. Zype, Intermediate-
Scottish.

Wet peat bogs; frequent. J7. April-May.

III. Common on bogs in the Queen’s Co.: Mack. Rar. Bog
near Graigavern, Queen’s Co.; Hart.—IV. Mountains between
Lough Bray and Luggylaw, 1802: Zempleton MUS.—and in 1893;
Dub. Nat. Field Club. On the north side of Djouce mountain, and
on the mountain between Glencree and Glencullen; Hart.—V. On
the bog by Issacstown, Co. Meath (Mr. Sherard): Threlkeld App.
Bog by Robertstown, Kildare (J. Douglas); and near Ballitore
(I. Chandlee): Cyb. On the west side of Kippure mountain, Co.
Dublin ; Hart —VI. Between Newport and Castleconnell: Mack.
Rar. Common ina bog [Co. Clare] opposite Plassey, 1833 (W. H.
Harvey): Memoir and (Carroll): Cyb. Bog near Woodford, Gal-
way (Moore): Cyb. Near Clonbrock, Galway: Praeger 1896.—
VII. Annahinch Bog near Parsonstown, King’s Co. (G. H. Kina-
han): Rec. Add. Frequent in Co. Westmeath: Levinge 1894.—
IX. Hollymount, Mayo (More): Cyb. Near Ballybay, Roscommon,
and many other places on Lough Ree: B.§V. 7887.—X. Near
Tartaraghan, Armagh (Rev. G@. Robinson): More 1860. Very rare
in Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. Bog by the road between Grey
Abbey and Donaghadee, Down, 1794 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.
Sparingly in Wolf Island Bog, north of Grey Abbey (Stewart) ;
very rare and destined ere long to become extinct in north-east
Ireland: lor. N.-£.
Andromeda. | ERICACEA. 223.

Also recorded for the counties of Kerry and Cork, but without
definite localities, by Smith (Hist. of Kerry) and by Mackay (Rare
Plants). The plant has not been recently recorded for either of
these counties.

To 1500 ft. in Dublin and Wicklow (¥. C.); but usually low-
land.

Like many other bog-species appears to be rapidly growing
rarer in Ireland with the spread of drainage.

CALLUNA Salisb.

1. C. vulgaris Salisb.— Zing.

C. Erica DC.— Erica vulgaris Linn.

Hibernicé Ppaoe (Fray-ock).

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.

Moors and mountains; common. #7. July-August. Calecifuge A.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 2460 ft.in Donegal, and
to 2796 ft. in Down (Flor. Uist.); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow, and to
8300 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Vor. incana Auct—I. At Ballyburden, Cork (Drummond) :
Flor. Cork.—II. Near Whitegate, Cork Harbour ; Phillips—vV. On
Howth Head, Co. Dublin, 1894-97; Diss LZ. Colgan.

In a well-marked form, this variety is rare in Ireland.

ERICA Linn.

1. E, Tetralix Linn.— Cross-leaved Heath.

Districts I. IL. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Wet moorlands; common. 7. June—July. Calcifuge A.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2050 ft. in Down (8S. P.); to 2200 ft. in Wicklow
(MW. C.); to 1950 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

E. Mackait Hooker.
E. Mackaiana Bab.
Districts — — — — — — — VIII. — — — ~—
Lat. 58° 20’—58° 25’. Galway only. Zype, Hibernian.
Lowland. Wet, boggy heaths; very rare. 27. July-August.
224 ERICACE. [ Brice,

VIII. On the declivity of a hill by the roadside within three
miles of Roundstone, Connemara (Wm. M‘Alla): Flor, Hib.
Abundant by the roadside between Roundstone and Clifden:
Graham 1840. A short mile of Roundstone and close by the
hamlet of Letterdife: Ogilby 2845. Ona wet heath called Craigga
More, between Roundstone and Clifden: Cyd. A little east of the
new police barrack at Carna, eight miles south of Craigga More
. (More): Journ. Bot. 1874. Abundant on the islands in Craigga
More Lough (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1896.

Apparently very restricted in its range in Ireland, but often
separated with difficulty from robust states of #. Zetraliz, and
perhaps more widespread than would appear from the above records.
Not found in Great Britain, and on the European continent recorded
only from the mountains of Castile and Asturia in the Spanish
peninsula. The Irish plant was at one time erroneously considered
to be identical with £. Watsoni, a hybrid between £. ciliards and
£. Tetralix, which occurs in Cornwall.

Discovered near Roundstone previously to 1835 by William
M‘Alla, by whom it was communicated to Mackay. First published
in 1835 in the Companion to the Botanical Magazine ( p. 158).

2, E. cinerea Linn.— Common Heath,

Hibernicé Ppaoe (Fray-ock). :
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII,
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Moors, mountains, &c.; common. /. June-August. Cal-
cifuge A.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 2200 ft. in Derry (Hart);
to 2450 ft. in Down (S.§ P.); to 2500 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

More abundant near the coast than inland, where it gives place
to Calluna over large areas of peat bog,

3, E. mediterranea Linn.—Wediterranean Heath,

£. hibernica Syme—E. mediterranea Var. hibernica Hooker.
Districts — — — — — — ~— VIII, — —~ ~ ~
Lat. 58° 20’—54° 15’. Mayo and Galway. ype, Hibernian.
Lowland. Boggy mountain heaths, near the coast; locally
abundant, #7, March-May.
VIII. Boggy ground, Cunnamara, Ireland, covering a space of
at least 2 acres (J. 7. Mackay): Hooker's Brit. Flor. 2nd Ed, 1832,
Erica. | ERICACEA. 225

“‘ Detected by our valued friend, J. T. Mackay, Esq., in Septr., 1830,
growing on the sides of Urrisbeg mountain, Connemara”: Eng.
Bot. Supp. Plate 2774, dated July rst 1833. On the western declivity
of Urrisbeg mountain near Roundstone, Sept. 1880. Since found by
John Wynne, Esq., and others in the district of Erris, Co. Mayo:
Flor. Hib. Covering at least a quarter of a million of acres in the
Ballycroy mountains, Erris (Moore): Phytol. 1852, p. 597. On
Mweelrea, at the mouth of the Killary Harbour, Mayo, 1838 (Semon
Foot § Joseph Hooker): Mack, App. to Frazer ath Ed. 1854—and in
1882: Hart 18830. Curran Achill and Borrishoole lake: Brit.
Flor. Ed. vt. 1850. At Mulranny opposite the island of Achill
(Lady Lowisa Knox): Cyb. All along Achill Sound on the shore
of the mainland opposite Achill Island, and thence near the shore as
far as the north end of Carrowmore lake in Erris (Moore): Cyd.
At Ridge Point and near Dugort, Achill Island, 1897 ; J. R. Sheridan.
Two miles north of Belmullet and near Belmullet on the Mullet,
1887; Hart. Mountains about Kylemore; on each side of Killary
Bay; and about Salruck pass; J. Mac Kinnon.

Usually a robust plant, but a dwarf variety with flowers of a
deeper colour occurs in Erris andin Achill Island. In mild winters
the Ivish plant has been repeatedly observed to flower in January.

Not in Great Britain. Abundant in Portugal and north-west
Spain ; rare in south-west France, not reaching north of the Gironde;
and, in spite of its name, absent from the Mediterranean region.

First found by Mackay, at Urrisbeg, in 1880, and first published
in 1831 (Hooker Brit. Flor. 2nd Ed.).

DABEOCIA D. Don.
1. D. polifolia D. Don.—St. Dabeoc’s Heath.

Lica dabeoctt Linn.—Henziesia polifolia Juss.— Vaccinium canta-
bricum Huds.

Hibernicé Epaot na haom corre (Fray-ack na hain cushé), One-
footed Heath—Epaoé 5alloa (Fray-ack gawldhé), Foreign Heath.

Districts — — — — — — — VIII. IX. — — —

Lat. 58° 15’—53° 55’. Galway and Mayo only. Type, Hibernian.
Rocky heaths; locally abundant. #7. July-August.

 

1 These native names seem to be quite local. The first is used in the neigh-
bourhood of Oughterard; the second, which may also be rendered “fine ’’ or
‘elegant’? heath, is used,in Glen Inagh.

Q
226 ERICACEA. [ Dabeoera.

VIII. ‘In most of the mountains of Galloway and Mayo grows
an elegant sort of heath, bearing large thyme leaves, a spike of fair
purple flowers like some Campanula, and viscous stalks” (Lhwyd) :
Phil. Trans. r7r2. It is frequent . . . in the mountains of Mayo
as also through the whole of Hiar Connacht in Galway: Ray,
Hist. IIL., p. 98, 1704. On many of the islets in Lough Corrib;
at the foot and sides of the mountains west of Lough Mask; on the
Reek, Croaghpatrick: Brown Fascic. 7788. Island in Lough
Mask, 1894; #. Warren. Plentiful within half a mile of the town
of Galway, and in many places for forty miles further west: Mack.
Rar. In the County of Mayo, between the Killary and Croagh-
patrick: Mack. Cat. In great abundance near Delphi in Murrisk:
Ball 1839. On Canova Island, Lough Corrib: More 1860. Old
Head, south side of Clew Bay (Miss K. UM. Lindsay): Cyb. Spar-
ingly in Curraun Achill; H. D. B. Dillwyn. On the Maamtrasna
mountains; on Croaghpatrick; Loughty mountain; Mweelrea;
Maamturk and Twelve Bens: Hart 1883. Frequent along Galway
Bay, from Barna to Inveran, 1895; abundant on low hills near
Oughterard and heaths near Derryclare Lough, 1896; abundant at
Roundstone and Kylemore, 1897; WV. C—IX. Sparingly between
Lisloughry and Lackafinna, Cong, Co. Mayo; Miss Ul. F. Jackson.

Sea-level to 1900 ft. in Galway and Mayo (Har).

First found by Lhwyd about 1699 and first published by Ray in.
1704. Lhwyd’s original Irish specimens are preserved in Buddle’s
Herbarium, British Museum.

Not in Great Britain. Abundant in Northern Spain and in
Portugal ; rare in south-west France, ceasing south of the Loire:
also occurs in a dwarf variety in the Azores.

PYROLA Linn.
1. P. rotundifolia Linn.—Round-leaved Winter-green.
Districts — — — — — ~— VIL — ~— ae

Lat. 53°-533°. Central Ireland. Type, Scottish-Germanic.

Lowland. Wet bogs; very rare. #7. July-August.

VII. “In a Bogge by Roscre in the King’s County. Ur.
Heaton” : How, Phytologia 1650 (as P. vulgaris Lob.). Sparingly
on large bog near Multyfarnham, Westmeath, 1870 (Moore): Ree.
Add. Bog of Lisclogher, Westmeath ; Rev. W. Reynell. Abundant
in the Scraw Bog, Loughanstown and Ballynegall; and sparingly
in Lisclogher Bog, Westmeath : Levinge 1894.
Pyrola. | ERICACEA, 227

Though the record for the King’s Co. station given by How has
never been verified, there can be little doubt that the plant gathered
was P. rotundifolia.

2. P. media Sw.—Jntermediate Winter-green.

Districts — — — — — VI. — — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 53°-553°. West and North. Type, Scottish.

Heathy places on mountains; rare. 7. June-July.

VI. In several places in Burren, Co. Clare, as on hills west of
Ballyvaughan; high ground south of Ballyalabawn; summit of
Slieve Garran; and near Corranroo: Foot 2864. Cahira hill,
Burren, 1892; P. B. O'Kelly. On top of Cappanawallia mountain
near Ballyvaughan, 1895; WV. C—IX. In Sligo, on Ben Whisken
(Admiral Jones), and near Hazelwood (J. Wynne) :‘ Cyb.—X. Near
Pomeroy, Tyrone; Rev. S. A. Brenan.—XI. Ards House near
Dunfanaghy: Murphy z829. At Carrablagh; Marble Hill; Car-
rowkeel; Leat Beg, &c.: Hart 7879 &e.—-XII. On the sides of
the hill of Scrabo, near Newtown [probably this species]: Harris's
Down, 1744. North-west side of Newtownards Park; and shrubby
islands at Ballygowan Bog, 1798: Zempleton MS. On the hill of
Conlig, Newtownards: Flor. Uist. and 8.& P. 2895. High-wood at
the head of the Six-mile-water, 1794; and at Fair Head, 1815:
Templeton MS. Still at Fair Head: Flor. N.-#. 7888. Glenarm
(Moore): Cyb. Wolf Hill and Crow Glen (Mr. Millen); Black
mountain (Mr. Rea): Flor. Ulst. Glen at Cairncastle ; and plentiful
in Glenarm Deer Park (Praeger); Clinty Hill near Ballymena (D.
Redmond): Flor. N.-E. Near Cairn Hill and Irish Hill, Antrim
(W. Macmillan): S.§ P. 1895. Side of a glen in Ballynescreen
mountains: Zempleton MS. Glen Edra, Derry: Murphy 1829 (as
P. rotundifolia). In Co. Derry, at Glenedra; Altahoan Glen,
Moneymore; and Errigal banks: Moore MS. § Cyb. Between
Kilrea and Garvagh, Derry (Miss Knowles): 8. & P. 1895.

To 700 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1075 ft. in Clare (Foot).

8. P. minor Linn.—Lesser Winter-green.

Districts — — — IV. — — VIL — — — — XII
Lat. 522°-55°, Middle and North-East. Type, Scottish-British.
Woods, and bushy or heathy places; rare. £7. June-July.
TV. In the Vale of Ovoca, near the Meeting of the Waters
Q2
228 ERICACEA. [ Pyrola.

(spec. sent to D. Moore): Cyb.—VII. In Westmeath, in Ballynagall
demesne, and glen near Tyrrell’s Pass (Moore): Cyb. § Rec. Add.—
XII. North side of Slemish, 1797 (Zempleton): Whitla MS. In
Glenariff, 1809: Templeton MS. Re-found in Glenariff (Kev. S.
A, Brenan): S.§P. 2895. Colin Glen (Stewart); Woodburn
Glen; Glendun, &c.; frequent in Antrim (Moore): Cyd. Cliffs
of Cave Hill (Stewart); near Ballymoney (Rev. S. A. Brenan):
Flor. N.-E. On Divis, above Crow Glen: B. NV. F. C. Proc. 1878.
Tollymore Park, Down (Rev. H. W. Lett): 8. § P. 1895. Woods
at Lissan and Castle Dawson; Altahoan glen and on Enrrigal
banks, Derry: Moore MS. On the Owbeg river, Derry, near the
fall called Linapaste [Lignapeiste], £. Murphy: Flor. Hib.
To 1000 ft. in Antrim (flor. V.-£.).

4, P. secunda Linn.—Serrated Winter-green.

Districts — — — — — — — — — — — XII.
Lat. 54° 50’—55°. Derry and Antrim only. Type, Scottish.

Dry, heathy banks; veryrare. 7. July.

XII. On the bank which faces the north of the Agivey river,
generally called Errigal banks, above Garvagh, Derry, between the
lint-mill and Errigal Bridge, found in considerable quantity, 1835:
Moore MS. Glenarm and Sallagh Braes ; also on Agnew’s Hill near
Larne, Antrim (Moore): Cyb.

Not re-found in Ireland since its first discovery by Dr. Moore,
more than sixty years ago, though it has been repeatedly sought for
by botanists in the very definite station of Errigal banks. A single
sheet of three specimens, rightly named and labelled with the above
localities, is preserved in Dr. Moore’s herbarium at Glasnevin
Botanic Garden.

ORDER XXXIX.—MONOTROPEZ.
HYPOPITHYS Scop.
1. H. multiflora Scop.— Yellow Bird’ s-nest.

Monotropa Hypopitys Linn.— Hypopitys Monotropa Crantz.
Districts. IT. — —~ — ¥. VL = = TR, ee =

Lat. 52°-542°, West and South-West, chiefly. Zype, Germanic-
English.

In woods, chiefly of beech and fir; veryrare. 77, J uly-August,

CB A
Hypopithys.] MONOTROPEA, 229

I. Under beeches, west of Muckross Abbey, Killarney: R. W. 8.
1891.—V. At the foot of old pine trees at the Marquis of Drogheda’s,
Moore Abbey, Kildare: Wade Rar. Under beech trees, St.
Catherine’s, County of Dublin: Mack. Cat.—VI. Under beech trees
at Castle Taylor, Galway: More 1855 § Cyb. Under pine trees in
Lord Clancarty’s demesne at Ballinasloe (Moore): Cyb.—IX. Hazel-
wood, Sligo (Miss Wynne): Rec. Add.—a great many plants found
here in 1871 under an Evergreen Oak; Miss Wynne in litt. One
plant in a hazel copse at Dooney Rock, Lough Gill, Sligo: WV. C.
1896.

ORDER XL.—PLUMBAGINEZ.
STATICE Linn.

1. §. rariflora Drej.—Loose-flowered Sea-lavender.

S. Bahusiensis Fries.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. — X. XI. XIL

Lat. 514°-543°, Coasts of all Ireland, nearly. Zype, Eng-
lish.

Muddy salt-marshes; frequent and locally abundant. F7. July—
August.

I. Kenmare River; Barrow Harbour; Tarbert; Ballylongford,
Kerry, &.: R.W. 8. 2888 & -91. Near Goleen ; Creagh near Skib-
bereen; and—II. Little Island; Fota; Saleen; common round
Cork Harbour, rare elsewhere in Co. Cork; Phallips—III, Banks
of the Barrow above Ballinlaw Ferry: &.-H. & G. 2889.—IV. By
the river at Wicklow, 1897; Praeger. South-west corner of
Wexford Harbour, very sparingly: Marshall 1898.—V. Locally
abundant along the coast in County Dublin; ¥. C—VI. Ring-
moylan and Foynes, Limerick: Stewart 1890. Rine point, Gleni-
nagh, Clare, 1895; P. B. O’ Kelly.—VIII. Shore at the base of
Croaghpatrick, Mayo: Hart 1883 0.—X. Common in the estuary
of the Newry river, Armagh: Praeger 1893. — XI. North-east
corner of Fintragh Bay (Miss Brook); by the shore between Rossy-
longan and Donegal: Hart 2885 y—XII. Locally abundant in
Antrim and Down; not recorded for Derry: Flor. N.-E.

Absent from the extreme North, and generally less abundant
than the following species though more widespread.
230 PLUMBAGINEZ. [ Statice.

2. 8. occidentalis Lloyd— Rock Sea-lavender.

8. binervosa G. E. Smith.
Districts I. I — IV. V. VI. — — — — XL. —
Lat. 52°-553°, From South to North. Type, Atlantic-English.

By the sea, on cliffs and clay banks, and more rarely on sandy
estuarine deposits or in gravelly places; locally abundant. 7.
July-September.

I. Rocks by the entrance to Barrow Harbour, Kerry; not seen
elsewhere in the county: RB. W. 8S. 7888.—II. Ballycotton, Cork
(Carroll): Cyb.—IV. Rocks about two miles north of Arklow;
and near the Castle at Wicklow (More): Rec. Add. Baginbun
Head and Hook Head, Wexford: Hart 1883 B.—V. Abundant on
many parts of the County Dublin coast from Killiney to Balbriggan,
especially so at Rogerstown, 1893; Portrane, 1894; and on the
sands of the North Bull, 1896; V.¢C. At Laytown, Meath (More):
Rec. Add. Clogher Head, Louth (J. Ball): Cyd. VI.. Rocks by
the roadside south of Black Head, Clare (Moore § More): Cyb.
On the west side of Great Aran island (Moore): Cyb.—abundant
here from Dun Angus to Bungowla: Hart 2875.—XI. On the
rocks of Dunargas; and, in one place only, on the west side of Horn
Head (C. Moore): Cyb. & Hart 1879. On the mainland opposite
Rathlin O’Beirne Island: Hart 1885 y. Cliffs at Rossgull; Jiss
Kinahan.

Very rare in Kerry and in Cork, and absent from the North-
East.

Var, rntERMEDIA Syme.—VI. Near Poulsallagh, Clare 1892;
Levinge.

Var. Dovarr (Gir.)—II. Tramore, Waterford (7. Chandlee) :
Carroll 1854.

ARMERIA Willd.

1, A. maritima Willd.—Sea Pink; Thrift.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Rocks and banks by the sea, also on mountains near the coast;
common. £7, May-July.

Occurs inland at a low level, about 80 ft., on Ross Island, Kil-
larney Lakes, and frequently on mountain - near the coast, as on
Armeria. | PLUMBAGINEA, 231

Brandon and Carrantuohill, Kerry; Ben Lettery, Galway; Croagh-
patrick and Nephin, Mayo; Muckish and Errigal, Donegal; and
Ben Evenagh, Derry. Nowhere found at a greater distance than
10 miles from the sea and apparently confined, as a mountain plant,
to the West and North.

- To 2460 ft. in Donegal (Flor. Uist.) ; to 2640 ft. in Mayo, and
to 3414 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

ORDER XLI.—PRIMULACEZ.

HOTTONIA Linn.

1. {H. palustris Linn.— Water Violet.
Districts — — — = ]— SSS SS & = A,
Lat. 54° 20'—54° 35’. Down and Antrim, only. Type, English.

Marshes and stagnant ditches; very rare. £7. May-July.

XII. ‘Found by Mr. Richard Kennedy in the marshy ditches
by the right side of the road at Everogue Bridge near Downpatrick ” :
Templeton MS. Still abundant at Everogue Bridge (Crossgar)
Praeger: B..N. F.C. Proc. 890-92. Plentiful in the drains in the
Bog Meadows, Belfast, where it was planted a few years ago
(Stewart): Rec. Add. 1872. Introduced at Hollywood and Cush-
endun; spreading amazingly in the Bog Meadows; probably
introduced at no remote date in its original station in Co. Down:
Flor. N.-F.

Established for at least three-quarters of a century in the County
Down station. The record in Brown’s Fasciculus 1788: “‘In a
watery ditch west of Lough Mask on the road from Ballinrobe to
‘Westport’ has not since been verified, and was no doubt an error.

PRIMULA Linn.

1. P. vulgaris Huds.— Primrose.
P. acaulis Linn.
Hibernicé Dainne bo bleaécdn (Bannyé bo blackthawn), Mitch cow's
milk. .
Districts I. II, IT. IV. V..VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Banks, hedgerows, woods, and shady places;.common. J,
April-May.
232 _PRIMULACEA. [Primula.

Sea-level in Derry and in Kerry. To 1650 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2000 ft. in Down (S.§ P.); to 2500 ft. in Wicklow
(Hart); to 2800 ft. in Kerry (¥. C.).

P. vulgaris x veris—I. Near Ovens; and—II. At Rathcooney,
Cork; Phillips. —V. Ballynascorney; Donabate, &c., Dublin;
N.C. Near Athy, Kildare; &.W.S.—VI. Near Salthill, Galway ;
Stewart.—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath : "Levinge 1894.

Probably frequent in the eastern districts. Often confounded
with the true Oxlip, P. elatior (Jacq.), which has not been found in
Ireland.

2. P. officinalis Jacq.— Cowsip.
P. veris Linn.
Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. —
Lat. 514°-552°. From South to North. Type, British-English.

Pastures and meadows; locally abundant. 7. April-May.

Sea-level to 1200 ft. in Dublin (™ C.).

A very unequally distributed species, absent from wide areas in
many partsof Ireland. Abundant in many of the eastern counties ;
occurring only as an introduced plant in District XII.; very rare
in District XI. ; local in Kerry, and generally scarce in the West.

LYSIMACHIA Linn.

1, L. vulgaris Linn.— Yellow Loose-strife.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-55°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English-British.
Lowland. Banks of rivers, lake shores, and in ditches and
marshy meadows; rather frequent and locally abundant. FU. July.
. I. In several places about Killarney; by the river Laune near
Ballymalis Castle; Fermoyle, west of Castlegregory (Rev. Adrm,
Isaacs) ; near Waterville, Kerry: R.W. 8.2889, ¥e. Ballyphehane
and Summerstown bogs: Drummond 18z8.—II. Bog near Youghal,
1896; Phillips Rk. W.8. By the Suir near Cloon bridge and
Camus bridge, Tipperary: Hart 1885 0.—III. By the Barrow.
between Maganey bridge and Carlow: Hart 1885.—IV. Stream.
side in Ballinglen, Wicklow; Miss Kinahan—V. Quarry hole on
the Delvin river, Co. Dublin: WV. C. 7893. Kearney’s Cross,
Louth, 1897; Praeger.—VIII. Banks of Lough Corrib near Maam:
Babington 1836.
A rare plant in all the foregoing districts, especially so in IV.,
Lysimachia. | PRIMULACEA. 233.

VY. and VIIL., and rare, generally, inthe South and East. Common
round the shores of many of the larger lakes, as Loughs Neagh and
Erne; and Loughs Allen, Ree, and Derg on the Shannon.

2. *L. Nummularia Linn.—Moneywort.

Districts — — — — — VI. — — IX. X. XI. XII.

River banks, lake shores, marshes, &c.; rare and nowhere native.
Fl. July-August.

VI. By the lake at Dromoland, Clare, apparently wild; Rev. 7.
Warren.—1X. On both sides of the river Suck at Mount Talbot,
Roscommon; &. Bayly.—X. River banks near Ardunshin, Fer-
managh (Rev, S. A. Brenan), and three miles above Colebrook, Fer-
managh (7. O. Smith): Rec. Add. Limestone quarry near Grange,
Armagh (Rev. W. F. Johnson): Praeger 1893.—X1. Hedge-bank at
Augh-na-gaddy and about a mile thence on a roadside bank on the
way to Rathmelton, many years established (Dean Gwynn): Hart
4880.—XII. Banks of the Whitehouse stream at Maryville: Hind
785g. Abundant on wet sandy shore a little west of Crumlin
waterfoot, Antrim, and in marshes by the Bann above Coleraine,
Derry (Stewart); stony banks of the Quoile near Downpatrick (C.
Dickson) ; marsh at Ballyalooley, Down (Praeger) ; well naturalized
by Lough Neagh and the Quoile: Flor. V.-£.

Also recorded from several station in Districts I., II., IV. and
V., where, however, the plant seems to have occurred only as a
garden escape or outcast without becoming fully established.
Nowhere thoroughly naturalized except in District XII. :

8. L. nemorum Linn.— Wood Loose-strife.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII, VIII. IX. X. XI. XI,
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Damp shady places; frequent. £7. May—July.
Sea-level in N. Derry and in 8. Cork. To 1550 ft. in Donegal,
and to 1850 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 2800 ft. in Kerry (Druce z89z).

GLAUX Linn,

1. G. maritima Linn.—Sea Milkwort. ©

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°, Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.
Muddy and gravelly sea-shores; common, 7. June—July.
234 PRIMULACEA. [Anagallis.

ANAGALLIS Linn.

1. A. arvensis Linn.—Scarlet Pimpernel.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.

Corn-fields, sand-hills, and waste places; frequent and locally
abundant. #7. May-August.

Sea-level to 1000 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).

Var. cmnutea (Schreb.)—II. At Glentown, Glanmire (Carroll) :
Annot. in Flor. Cork.—IV. Garden at Bray: Templeton US, Corn-
field at Alderton, Wexford (Miss L. Glascott): B.-H. & G. 1889.—
V. Sparingly near Kilkea Castle, Kildare (J. Douglas): Ree. Add.
At Castle Bellingham, Louth, 1893; Cecil Butler. Sparingly in a
cornfield at Portrane, Co. Dublin: WV. C. 2895.—VIII. Near Bel-
mont, Galway (Dr. W. King): Rec. Add.—X. Garden ground at
‘Bessmount, Monaghan (Miss Maffett): Cyb—XI. A garden weed,
at Horn Head: Hart 1879.—XII. Cornfields ‘near Warrenpoint,
Down: Flor. Hib. Near Balleevy, Down; Miss E. Malone,
Stranmillis-road near Belfast: Stewart 1894.

Of frequent occurrence in cultivated ground, but usually as a
casual only.

2. A. tenella Linn.—Bog Pimpernel,

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat, 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Bogs and damp pastures; frequent. £7, July-August.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Down
(S.§ P.); to 1400 ft. in Dublin (W. C-.).

CENTUNCULUS Linn,
1. C. minimus Linn.— Bastard Pimpernel.

Districts I. I. — — V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XI
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. ype, English-British.
Lowland. Damp sandy and heathy places and roadsides, mostly
near the sea; rare. FJ. June~August, al.
I. Castlegregory, Kerry (Moore) :.Cyb. At Killarney : Babing-
ton in Herb. Near Ballydavid, Dingle promontory: Hart 1884.
On both sides of Kenmare bay, as at Lauragh and Parknasilla; in
Centunculus. | PRIMULACEA. 235

several localities on the north side of Dingle Bay, &c., Kerry;
&.W.S8. Plentiful in marshy grounds near Ballylickey, Bantry :
Mack. Rar. Shores of Berehaven (More): Ree. Add. Near
Clonakilty and in several places near Ballinadee: -Allin’s Cork.
Near Mount Gabriel, Schull, 1894; Phelliys—II. Great Island,
Cork (Carroll): Cyd. Ballintowtas near Midleton, Cork (Rev. 7.
Allin): Rec. Add. At Ballycotton, Cork, 1895; Phéllips. —
. V. Damp sandy ground behind the lighthouses at Boyne mouth,
Meath: Praeger 1897.—V1. Abundant on Dunbeg Bog, Clare, and
in boggy ground from Kilkee to Loop Head (Moore): Cyb.—
VIII. On moist turfy sands near Ballinahinch, Connemara: Wade
Gallovid. On the coast near Clifden: Carroll 7857. On the bogs
in Erris near Bangor, &c., Mayo (Moore): Cyb. On Inishbofin :
More 1876.—IX. Between Cliffony and Mullaghmore [Sligo],
Mr. Syme: Flor. Ulst.—X. Gubbaroe Point near Kesh, Lough
Erne: Barrington 2884. Shore of Lough Neagh south of Bird
island, and gravel pit, Derryadd Bay, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—
XI. Rosses and Fanet, Donegal: Murphy 1829. Near Dunglow,
between the village and the ferry (Admiral Jones): Cyb. Kindrum
Lake and Lough Finnegan, Fanet: Hart 1879. Sessiagh Lake, Dun-
fanaghy ; Stewart.—XII. Plentiful about the lake at Ballygowan
bridge [Down], 1807: Zempleton MS. & (Stewart): Cyb. Abun-
dant on sandy warrens between Downhill and Portstewart, Derry :
Moore MS. Shore of Ushet lake, Rathlin Island: Stewart 1884.
Dundrum sand-hills; lake shore near Ballynahinch, and other
stations in Down; shore of Lough Beg, Derry (Stewart): Flor.
NV.-#. Abundant at drained site of Ballymartin lake near Anna-
long, Down: S.& P. 2892.

Not yet recorded for the South-East, where, perhaps, it has been
overlooked.

SAMOLUS Linn.

1. S. Valerandi Linn.—Brook-weed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIE. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English-British.
Lowland. Moist places by the sea, also inland, especially by
lake-shores; frequent. #7. July-August.
A rare plant in inland stations except around the larger lakes,
such as Lough Ree, Lough Derg, and Lough Erne, where it is
abundant.
236 OLEACEA. | Fraxinus.

ORDER XLII.—OLEACEZ.,

FRAXINUS Linn.

1. F. excelsior Linn.— Ash.

Hibernicé Puinpess (finshoge).
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 514°-552°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Woods, hedges, and rocky places; frequent. £7. April-May.
Sea-level in Derry and Cork. To 800 ft. in Donegal (Hart);
to 1000 ft. in Down (8. § P.); to 1300 ft. in Wicklow (Hart).

LIGUSTRUM Linn.

1. L. vulgare Linn.—Privet.

Districts I. TI. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, English,
Sea-cliffs, and in hedges and thickets; frequent as an introduced,
plant, very rare as a native. 2. J une—Ji uly.
_ II. Sand-hills near Tramore, Waterford (Miss S. Grubb); cliffs
at Tramore (Rev. 8S. Madden): Cyb. Stradbally to Ballyvoyle
Head, and elsewhere on the Waterford coast, native on steep and
inacessible cliffs: Hart 1883 B.—V. Native on steep grassy cliffs
along the east side of Howth: Flor. Howth.
These are the only stations in which the plant has any claim to
be regarded as native.

ORDER’ XLIJI.—_GENTIANEZ,

MICROCALA Hoffm. & Link,

1. M. filiformis Hoffm. & Link.—Slender Gentianella.

Cicendia filuformis Reichb.

Districts Tp se es ese ee ee FN res

Lat. 514°-52°. South-West, only. Type, Wiplisti- Asatte.
Roadsides and moist, sandy, or peaty places; rare, 27. July—

August. Calcifuge A.
Microcala. | GENTIANEA, 287

I. Rossbehy, Kerry, 1845 (W. H. Harvey): Herb. 7.C.D.
Roadside between Kenmare and Killarney (Moore): Cyb. Round
Ballinskelligs Bay; abundant along Kenmare Bay, &c., Kerry:
R.W.S8. 1890. Shore of Lough Guitane, Kerry (More): Journ. of
Bot. r876—and in 1896; R.W.S8. Dursey island, Cork (J. Blash-
ford): Wade. Rar, Marshy ground near Bantry: Drummond 2878.
Glengariff and Castletown Berehaven: Carroll 1854. Near the
shore at Durrus, Dunmanway Bay: Allin 7873. On Priests’ Leap
(Carroll); near Skibbereen (Miss Hickie); Desert (C. Longfield) :
Allin’s Cork. At Adrigole, 1894; near Lough Hyne; Mount
Gabriel; Baltimore, 1896; pass of Keimaneigh, 1897; Phdlleps.

From sea-level to 800 ft. in Kerry (&. W. 8.).

Abundant in many places within its very restricted area in the
extreme South-West.

First found by J. Blashford, on Dursey island, before 1804.

CHLORA Linn.

_ 1. C. perfoliata Linn.— Yellow-wort.

Blackstonia perfoliata Huds.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 513°-532°.. South and Middle. Type, English.

Gravelly and sandy ground, drift banks, and rocky lake shores ;
locally abundant. 7. July-September. Cadcicole B.

I. Sparingly about Ballybunnion, Kerry; very rare in the
county: R.W.S. 72890. Fields east of Kinsale (C. Longfield) ;
near Oysterhaven: Adlin’s Cork. Fields near Lislevane, 8. Cork ;
Phillips.—II. By the road and shore at Whitepoint, Great Island
(Dr. Scott): Flor. Cork. Doneraile and Kilcoleman (J. Wright);
abundant near Killeagh: Allin’s Cork. Frequent in Districts III.,
IV., V., and VI.—VII. Railway banks between Hill of Down and
Killucan, Westmeath, 1896; abundant on the east shores of Lough
Derg, Co. Tipperary, 1896; WV. C.—VIII. Near Clonbur, Galway :
i, & S. 7896. Gentian Hill, near Galway: lr. Nat. 1895. Near
Inveran, Tar Connaught, West Galway, 1895; MV. C.—IX. Re-
corded for this District in 1st. Ed. Cyd., but no locality available.

Sea-level to 600ft. in Dublin (1. C.); but usually lowland.

Absent from the North and rare in the extreme South ; abundant
in many parts of Districts V. and VI. in the counties of Dublin,
Clare, and Galway.
238 GENTIANEA. [ Erythrea.

ERYTHRZA Renealm.

1, E. Centaurium Pers.— Centaury.

Hibernioé Opermipe Muipe (Dhray-miré Mwirré), Mary’s Ladder.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX, X. XI. XII,
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype British.

Pastures and sandy ground, especially near the sea; frequent.
Fi, July-August.

Sea-level to 950 ft. in Dublin (V.C.); but usually lowland.

Var. cavirava Koch—I. On most of the Kerry headlands; 2.
W. S.—XII. Sandbanks near the Giant’s Causeway: Shoolbred
1894-—Probably occurs in exposed situations all round the coasts.

Var. tatirorra (Smith)—II. Ardmore, Waterford (J. Sullivan) :
Cyb.— VI. Frequent at Kilkee, Clare (Carroll): Cyb.—VIII. Bel-
mullet, Mayo; More.—IX. Sligo (Moore): Herb. Glasnevin—Also
recorded from other localities by the earlier writers, but recent
confirmation is needed.

2. E. pulchella Fries—Dwarf Centaury.

Districts I. I. WI. IV. Ve. —- — ~—~ —- — > —
Lat. 51$°-583°. South and East. Type English.

Lowland. Sandy sea-shores, chiefly; very rare. FU. July-
September.

I. On Cape Clear Island: Drummond 18z8. Shore near Bantry,
and strand at Glandore (J. Sullivan): Cyb.—II. Near Youghal
(Miss Ball) : Flor. Cork.—III. Dry pasture near Emo, Queen’s Co, :
Praeger 1897.—\V. Curracloa, Wexford (J. Morrison): Rec. Add.
Sand-hills between Rosslare and Rosslare Point; at Carnsore and
Baginbun; and on the Greater Saltee Island, Wexford: Hart
1883 B.—V. North Bull, Dublin Bay (D. Orr): Ree. Add.—and
in 1894; R.W.S.

First found by Drummond, at Cape Clear, before 1818.

GENTIANA Linn.
1. G. verna Linn.—Spring Gentian,

Districts — — — — — VI. — VI. IX, ~—~ — —
Lat. 58°-583°. West Ireland only. Zype, Intermediate.

Stony pastures and on sand-hills; locally abundant, 7, April—
May. Calcicole A.
Gentiana. | GENTIANEZ. 289

VI. ‘On the Mountains between Gort and Galloway abundant,
Mr. Heaton”: How, Phytologia 1650. Near Castle Taylor, County
Galway: Wade Rar. & More 1855. Plentiful on the estate of
Bindon Blood, Esq., near the Bay of Galway [Burren]; abundant
near the town of Galway (Mr. Henry): Mack. Rar. On hilly
grounds about eight miles west of Tuam in great abundance: Flor.
Hib. Near Kiltartan, Galway (C. Carter): Phytol. 1846, p. 512-
‘Widespread over the Burren limestone and on the shore sand-hills :
Foot 2864. Abundant west of Ballyvaughan, Burren, from near
sea-level to the mountain summits, 1895; WV. C. On moory ground
near Cong, Galway; between Gort and Lough Cooter Castle,
Galway ; in Great Aran Island (Moore): Cyb. Athenry, Galway :
Corry 7880. Inall three islands of Aran: WV. C. z893—VIII. On
limestone drift to the west of Galway (Prof. Melville): Cyb. On
Gentian Hill west of Galway, 1895 [the same station as the preced-
ing]: Jr. Nat. 1895. Kmnockshanbally, Moycullen, Galway ; Miss
XM. F. Jackson.—IX. Shores of Lough Carra near Moore Hall:
Ball 1839—and in 1854: More 1860. -

Sea-level-to 1000 ft. in Clare (V.C.); but ait lowland.

Very limited in its eastward range, hardly spreading beyond
Athenry. Much more lowland in Ireland than in Great Britain
and reaching farther South.

2. G. Amarella Linn.—Félwort.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VI. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Pastures; locally abundant. £7. July-August. Caleicole B.

I. and II. Locally abundant in County Cork: Allin’s Cork.—
III. At Maryborough, Queen’s Co.; Praeger—IV., V., VI., and
VII. Frequent, occurring in many stations in Wexford, Clare,
Galway, Westmeath, and Dublin.—VIII. In the island of Bartra
and in other places near Killala: Mack. Rar.—IX. South of Lough
Maskin Mayo: Ug 8.7896. On the shores of Lough Talt, Sligo :
WV. C. 1896.—X. Shores of Lower Lough Erne, apparently rare:
Barrington r884.— XI. Abundant on sandy downs between Bally-
shannon and Donegal: Hart 1885 y.—XII. Kenbane Head,
Antrim: Zempleton US. In County Derry, on Keady Mountain
only: Moore MS. Not found recently in north-east Ireland:
S.& P. 1895.

Very rare in the North and apparently absent from Kerry.
240 GENTIANEA. [ Gentiana,

8. G. campestris Linn.— Field Gentian.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British-Scottish.

Upland pastures, also on sandy shores; frequent. /7. July-
August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Derry
(Hart).

A widely-distributed species, much more common in the West
than in the East, and especially abundant on the basalt in Derry and
Antrim.

MENYANTHES Linn.

1. M. trifoliata Linn.—Buck-bean; Bog-bean.

Hibernicé Beapndn lacdn (Barnawn lockawn), Jagged Ducks’
Plant (?).

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

‘Wet bogs, bog ditches, stagnant pools, and lake margins;
common, 7, May-June.

Sea level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1600 ft. in Down (8. & P.).

ORDER XLIV.—BORAGINE.
CYNOGLOSSUM Linn.

1. C. officinale Linn.— Hound’ s-tongue.

Districts I. Il. I. IV. Vi —~— — — — ~ _ xyz,
Lat. 513°-543°. From South to North. ype, English-British.
: Lowland. Sand-hills and sandy fields by the coast, also inland,
by road-sides and in waste places; locally abundant. FV. June—J uly.
I. Near Douglas, Cork: Flor. Cork. At Rochestown, Cork ;
Miss H. A. Martin.—Il. Near Whitegate, Cork Harbour, and on
the cliffs at Greenland, near Cable Island (Dr. Power): Flor. Cork.
Very sparingly along the shore near Youghal: -Allin’s Cork.
Tramore, Waterford, and near Clonmel (Jiss 8. Grubb) ; Ardfinane,
Tipperary (Miss A. Taylor): Cyb.—III. River View and Sion
Cynoglossum. | BORAGINEA. 241

Canal walk, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. Field between
Bagnalstown and Slygough, Carlow, 1890; Rev. 7. Hartley.—
IV. Abundant on the Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. In
county Wexford, south of Cahore Point; near Ballymoney ; Ross-
lare; Carnsore and Churchtown: Hart 188ra & 18838. Near
Fethard, Wexford ; Barrington. —V. In Mirrion churchyard :
Threlkeld. Abundant about Kilbarrack ; near Warren House; in
‘Phoenix Park; at Merrion and elsewhere: Wade Dubl. Sand-hills
opposite Malahide: Flor. Hib. Abundant on sand-hills at Rush,
1894, and at Portrane, 1895; in great profusion at Portmarnock
sand-hills, 1896; W.C. Sand-hills from Rush to Drogheda, in
many places; More. Near Moone, Kildare (Carroll): Cyb. Sea-
shore near Castlebellingham, Louth: Butler 1890.—XII. Sandy
shore at Kirkiston and Dundrum, 1793: Templeton MS. Abun-
dant on the sandy shore of the Ards from Ballywalter to Kennedy’s
Point (Stewart); sand-hills at Ballykinler, &c. (Corry); plentiful
in County Down, not found in Derry or Antrim: For. N.-#.

SYMPHYTUM Linn.

1. +S. officinale Linn.— Comfrey.

Districts I. II, TIT. TV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.
Banks of rivers and watery places, also on roadsides and in waste
‘places; frequent. £7. May-June.
Often cultivated, and ‘though fully established in many places
appears to be nowhere certainly indigenous.

ANCHUSA Linn.

1. *A, sempervirens Linn.—Alhanet.
Districts [I.] [1I.] — — [V.] — — — — [X.] [XI] XI

Among ruins, along roadsides, and in hedges or plantations; very
rare and nowhere native. #7. May-June.

[I. Hedges near Douglas, Cork (Drummond); and—II. Under
Blarney Castle (Mr. Alexander): Flor. Cork, At Glanmire ( Car-
yoll); not established in Cork: Allin’s Cork.—V. Roadside at
Leixlip, 1888 (J. S. Gamble): Herb. Levinge.—X. Tanderagee,
Armagh: Flor, Ulst.—XI. Churchtown, Upper Fahan: Herb. C.
Moore. Established at Clondevaddock churchyard, Fanet (Hart):

R
242 BORAGINEA. [-Anchusa,

Rec. Add.|—XII. Between Bangor and Portavo, Down; near Port-
glenone, Antrim; and near Magherafelt, Derry: Templeton US.
Naturalized in the woods at Roe Park; lane leading from New-
townlimavady to Roe Mill; roadside near Ash Park, Derry: Moore
US. Inseveral places near cottages in Rathlin Island, no doubt
introduced: Stewart 1884. Roadside at Stormount; Braniel; and
Conlig, Down (Stewart); not rare in N.-E. Ireland, naturalized in
some of its stations, but frequently only a garden escape: Flor. N.-£.

LYCOPSIS Linn.

1. L. arvensis Linn.—/%eld Bugloss.

Anchusa arvensis Bieb.
Districts — II. ITI. IV. Vv. — — — IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 52}°-553°. From South to North. Type, British.

Sandy fields and banks, mostly near the sea; locally abundant.
Fi, June-August.

II. Near Clonmel (Miss 8. Grubb); and—III. Three Castles,
Kilkenny (P. Duffy): Cyb.—IV. Sands at Fethard, Wexford:
B.-H. & G. 1890. Raven Point ; Rosslare; and Bar of the Lough,
Wexford: Hart 1883 8. On the Murrough of Wicklow (Moore):
Cyb.—V. Sandy fields near Kilbarrack Church and about Baldoyle,
&c.: Mack. Cat. Very abundant at Portmarnock and Portrane,
1895; and frequent along the Dublin coast from Howth to Skerries ;
N.C.—IX. Mullaghmore, Sligo (Admiral Jones): Cyb.— XI. Near
Ardara ; at Malin ; about Kindrum : Hart 7883 §¢.— XII. Common
in Antrim, Down, and Derry, chiefly by the coast: Flor. N.-E.

Also recorded for District I. from Evergreen, Co. Cork, in
Flor. Cork, but not recently observed in that district.

MERTENSIA Roth.
1. M. maritima 8. F, Gray—Sea Gromuell.

LInthospermum maritimum Lehm.—Pulmonaria maritima Linn.
Districts — — — IV. V. — — — — ~— XI. XIL
Lat. 53°-553°. East and North coasts. Type, Scottish.
Shingly or gravelly sea-shores; very rare. FJ. May—August.
IV. “On the Meuragh of Wicklow; Ur. Sherard”: App. to
Threlkeld 1727. Plentiful at the Murrough of Wicklow: Flor,
Hib, Not now [1872] plentiful on the Murrough, but occurs near
HUertensia. | BORAGINE A. 243

Newcastle station, and between Kilcool and the Breaches (More) :
Rec. Add. Near Kilcool, 1880; Hart.—V. Very sparingly on the
shore near Hampton Bank about a short mile from Balbriggan and
at Lough Sheeney, within about a mile of Skerries, county of
Dublin: Wade Rar. Coast between Balbriggan and Skerries :
Flor. Hib. Not seen for very many years in the County Dublin
and probably extinct; W.C. Shore of Dundalk Bay, sparingly:
Butler 1890.—X1. Norway Point, Donegal, 1889: Herb. C. Moore.
Rossgull, south of Rinnafaghla, in profusion: Hart 2880. Plen-
tiful on the north-east side of Malin Head: Hart 1883.— XII. Shore
of Island Magee at Brown’s Bay, 1794 (Zempleton): Whitla ILS.
Garron Head, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Shore, half a mile from the
Bar of. Dundrum; and in great profusion.on the shore about five
miles south of Newcastle, 1799: Templeton MS. Extending for
nearly a mile along the beach at Glassdrumman (Templeton’s New-
castle station): S.g P. 1892, At Ramullan, 1810: Zempleton US.
A single plant at Rathmullen Point, Down, 1878 (Corry): Flor.
N.-E. Abundant along the gravelly shore-side between Green-
castle and the Light House, Co. Down (John White): Wade Rar.
Sparingly a. short distance north of the lighthouse at Greencastle
(Stewart): Flor, N.-H, On the shore at Ballyaghran, Derry:
Sampson 1802. Between Portrush and Portstewart, the same
station as the preceding (Mrs. Leebody): S.§ P. 1895. Near
Castlerock station, Derry line (Rev. W. 7. Whan): Flor. Uist.

Also recorded for District I. from the ‘Beach near Beal Castle”
in Smith's Kerry 1756, but the plant has not recently been observed
in Kerry and is probably extinct in that county, as in county
Dublin.

Rapidly decreasing in Ireland with many other of our maritime
species, perhaps through changes in the form or level of the shore
line.

First found by Sherard, in Wicklow, about 1691.

MYOSOTIS Linn.

1. M. cxspitosa F. Schultz.—Tufted Scorpion-grass,

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII,
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. _ Type, British.
Watery and boggy places; common. 7. June-August.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Derry (Hart).
B2
244 BORAGINEAS. [ Myosotes,

2. M. palustris With.—Forget-me-not.

Districte I. If. IU. IV. V. VI. VIL. Vill. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat, 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English,

Lowland. Wet places, usually in muddy soil; frequent. 7.
June-August.

Not a common species though widely distributed.

Vor. srrievtosa Reichb.— XII. Cushendun, Co. Antrim:
Shoolbred 1894.—Perhaps frequent throughout Ireland.

3. M. repens G. Don— Creeping Scorpion-grass.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XI
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British-
Scottish.

Wet boggy places, especially in mountain districts; frequent.
Fi, June—August.

Descends to 150 ft. in N. Antrim and to sea-level in Kerry. To.
850 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1000 ft. in Down (S.§P.); to
1870 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 1500 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).

4, M. arvensis Lamk.— Meld Scorpion-grass.

MU. intermedia Link.
Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated ground, banks, copses, &c.; common. 7, May-
August.

Sea-level in Derry and in 8. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Dublin
(WV. C.).

Var. vmprosa Bab.—V. In Lucan demesne, Co. Dublin, 1895;
NV. C.—XI. In sandy ground west of the bridge at Horn Head,
Donegal (C. Moore): Cyb.—XII. Plentitul at the base of the cliffs
between Carrickfergus and Cave Hill; at Glenarm and Sallagh
Braes, Antrim (Moore): ,Cyb.—Erroneously recorded in Flor, Hib.
and Flor. Ulst.as IW. sylvatica, which is not found in Ireland.

5. M. collina Hoffm.—Huarly Scorpion-grass.

Districts — — — IV. V. — — — — — — XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. East Ireland. Type, British.
Sand-hills and dry banks near the sea; rare. 7, April-May.
Myosotis. | BORAGINEA, 245

IV. Abundant on the Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyd.
Sand-hills north of Courtown, Wexford, to Arklow Head: Hart
2883 8. Saltee Islands, Wexford; Barrington. Sand-hills at
Rosslare, Wexford: B.-H.& M. 1892.—V. In a sandy field at
Portmarnock, Dublin (f. Whitla & J. Johnston): Flor. Hib.
Plentiful on sand-hills at Portmarnock and at Malahide (Moore) :
Cyb. At Kilbarrack and Ireland’s Eye: Flor. Howth. Very
abundant all round Lambay Island: Hart 1883. Between Lay-
town and the mouth of the Boyne, Co. Meath; Barrington.—
XII. Sand-hills between Portrush and Dunluce Castle, Antrim,
1836 (Moore): Flor. Hib. At Portstewart (Miss Davis): B..N. F.C.
Proc. 1889-90. Sandy warrens near Bushmills (Moore): Cyd.
Locally plentiful on sand-hills at Newcastle, Down (C. Dickson) :
Flor. N. #. At Kirkiston, Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell): 8. &. P.
895. Gravelly banks at the mouth of the Sixmile river [Lough
Neagh]; Praeger: B. N. F.C. Proc. 1892-93—the only distinctly
inland station on record for the species.

6. M. versicolor Reichb.—Parti-colowred Scorpion-grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures, banks, waste places, and cultivated ground in light
soils; frequent. £7. May—July.
. Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Dublin
(XW. C.).

LITHOSPERMUM Linn.

1. L. officinale Linn.— Common Gromwell.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XID
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Lowland. Hedge-banks, waysides, and gravelly waste places ;
rather rare. 7. June-August. Calcicole B.
"I. Roadside west of Macroom: Allin’s Cork. Plentiful by
roadsides near Gearagh and Toon Bridge, near Macroom, 1897;
W. H. Shaw.—WI. Field near Dunscombe’s Wood (J. Sullivan):
Annot. in Flor. Cork. Roxborough near Midleton: Flor. Cork.
Near the Owbeg, Castletownroche (Carroll); at Ballyannan, and
sparingly at Bridgetown Abbey: Allin’s Cork. At Killatty and
Glanworth near Fermoy, but rare (7. Chandlee): Cyb. Roadside
246 BORAGINER. [_Lithospermum:

near Lismore, Waterford, 1882; Miss FP. W. Currey. ‘About
Blenheim, Waterford (Miss LZ. Glascott): B.-H.§ G. 1889.—
III. In county Kilkenny, near Sion (Rev. S. Madden); and at
Kilmacow (Z. Chandlee); at Mountrath, Queen’s Co. (J. Carroll) :
Cyb. Near Maryborough (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1893.— IV. and
V. Not infrequent in Wexford, Wicklow, and Dublin.—VI. Near
Castle Taylor, Galway (More): Cyb. Great Aran Island (Hart) :
Rec. Add. Roadside near Ballyvaughan: Foot r86g.—VII. Ed-
monton, Westmeath (Miss H. Reynell): Cyb,—VIII. On limestone
rocks at Bunowen, Connemara (Carroll): Cyb—IX. Between
Collooney and Markree, Sligo; W. F. de V. Kane.—X. Near
Loughgall, Armagh: More z860. Ruins of Killeavy Church,
Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893. Near Raconnell,
Monaghan (Miss Maffett): Cyb—XI. Rathmullen and Downing’s
Bay (Hart); Ballyhooriskey (Rev. ZT. Allin): Rec. Add.—XII. By
the Foyle above Derry, and by the Bann near Coleraine: Moore
MS. Jn Antrim, at Knockagh (Stewart); and rocky slopes south
of Whiterock (C. Dickson); rare in the North-Hast: Flor, NV.-£.

Nowhere an abundant species in Ireland and, though widely
distributed, absent over large areas.

2. L. arvense Linn.— Field Gromuell.

Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VIT. — IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 514°-542°, Throughout Ireland, almost. Zype, British.

Lowland. Cultivated fields and waste places; rare. #7. May-
July.

I. Near Monkstown, Cork: Drummond 1828. At Shepperton
(Rev. 7. Allin); near Rosscarbery (Miss Hungerford): <Allin’s
Cork.—II. At Fermoy: Herb. T. Chandlee. By the Blackwater,
near Villierstown and Killawillin: Hart 2885 8.—III. Between
Carlow and Maganey: Hart 1885.—IV. Potato fields near Augh-
naclappa, Wexford: Moffat z889.—V. Between Drogheda and the
Boyne mouth; Barrington. Whitehall, Co. Dublin; Miss A. @.
Kinahan.—V1I. Cornfields at Castle Taylor, Galway (More): Cyd.
—VII. Near Lough Slawen, and Clawinch and Black islands, Lough
Ree: B.% V. 7887. IX. By the Suck in Roscommon near Ballina-
sloe: Praeger 1896.—X. Tartaraghan, Armagh: More 1860.—
XI. Railway banks between Ballyshannon and Bundoran; by the
shore at Wardtown near Ballyshannon: Hart 1886.—XII. At
Whitehouse, Antrim (W. Millen): Hind. 1854. Carrickfergus and
Lithospermum. | BORAGINEA, 247

Hollywood: Flor. Uist. In County Down, between Bangor and
Groomsport (Stewart); and at Giant’s Ring (C. Dickson); very
rare in the North-East: Mor. N.-E. |

ECHIUM Linn.

1. E. vulgare Linn.— Viper’s Bugloss.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — — — — — XII.
Lat. 513°-542°. From South to North. TZyye, British-English.

Lowland. Sandy fields and waste gravelly places, chiefly near
the sea; rare, 0. June-July.

I. Near Glandore (Rev. 7. Allin); near Kinsale junction
(Carroll); near Desert (C. Longfield): Allin’s Cork. Cape Clear
island, 1896; and—II. Midleton, 1895; Little island; Queenstown
junction; Phillips. Near Rahill, Tipperary (Miss S. Grubb): Cyd.
On the Waterford coast near Youghal: Hart 1883 B.—IV. Fre-
quent in County Wexford: B.-H. Uf. 18920. Common about
Wicklow; &. P. Vowell.—V. Frequent along the coast of County
Dublin from Portmarnock to Skerries, and abundant at Rogerstown,
1895; W.C. Shore at Gormanstown and Laytown, Meath
(More): Rec. Add.—vVI. On the railway near Foynes, Limerick
(BR. D. O'Brien): Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 52.—X1iI1. South-west of Strang-
ford, also south of Rathmullen Point and occasionally to Dundrum,
Down; at the Curran of Larne, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E,
Abundant in a field near Wood House, Rosstrevor: S. & P. 2892.

Also recorded for Districts IIT. and XI., but here, as in
numerous inland stations where the plant has been observed, it
appears to have been only a casual.

ORDER XLV.—CONVOLVULACEZ.
CALYSTEGIA R. Br.
1. C. sepium R. Br.— Great Bindweed.

Convolvulus sepium Linn.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII,

Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English—British.
Lowland. Hedge banks, and bushy or rocky places; frequent,

Fi. July-August.
248 CONVOLVULACEZ. [ Calystegia,

2. C. Soldanella R. Br.—Sea Bindweed.

Convoloulus Soldanella Linn.
Districts I. IT — IV. V. VI. — — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Coasts from South to North. Type, English.

Sandy sea-shores; locally abundant. #7. June-July.

I. Near Castlegregory, Kerry: Hart 2884. Abundant on sand-
hills north side of Tralee Bay: Stewart z890. . On Darrynane;
Waterville; and Banna sandhills, &c., Kerry; &.W.S. Abundant
en a strand about two miles east of Lough Hyne, 1889: Phzllips
1895. Barley Cove near Mizen Head; and—II. Plentiful on the
strand near Youghal, 1891; Phellips—IV. Shore below Kilin-
earrick, Co. Wicklow, in abundance: Jr. Flor. Abundant at
Courtown ; Rosslare; Carnsore, and all along the Wexford coast :
Hart 7883 B.—YV. Sandy shores of Killiney Bay, Dublin: Wade.
Dubl. 179¢—and in 1872; Greenwood Pim. Sparingly on the
North Bull, 1895; very er in Co. Dublin; W. C.—VI. Sand-
hills at Murrough, Co. Clare; W.H. 8. Weitvonp.— XI. Shore at
Glencolumbkille: Flor. Uist. Tramore, near Horn Head; very
rare in Donegal: Hart 1880.—XII. Sand-hills on the shore at
Newcastle, Down, 1795; sands beside the salmon weir at Bushfoot,
Antrim: Zempleton MS. Cushendun (Mr. Whitla); Ballycastle
(Miss Hincks): Flor. Uist. Benderg Bay near Ardglass (Corry);
sparingly on Ballykinler sands (Stewart); still at Bushfoot:
Flor. N.-E.

Apparently a decreasing species in Ireland.

CONVOLVULUS Linn.

1. C. arvensis Linn.— Small Bindweed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Dry banks, cultivated fields, roadsides, and gravelly
places; frequent. 7. June-August. Caleicole C.

I. Near Spa, Tralee; and at Castlegregory, Kerry: 2.W.S.
1889. Goleen and Crookhaven, South Cork; Phdllips—II. Com-
mon near Cork (Carroll): Cyb. Clonea near Dungarvan, Water-
ford: Hart 1883 8. — III. Several places in Kilkenny (Reo. 8.
Madden): Cyb. Browne’s Hill, Carlow; R. Clayton Browne. —
IV. and V. Frequent, especially by the esas in Wexford, Wicklow,
Convolvulus. | CONVOLVULACEZ. 249

and Dublin—VI. Plentiful near Limerick (Moore): Rec, Add.
Near Killeany, Aranmore: Hart 7875. Frequent near Portumna,
Galway, 1896; WV. C.—VII. In Westmeath and Longford (F. J.
Foot): Cyb.—VIII. Roadside near Knockbane; field near Cong;
and—IX. Near Lisloughrey, Mayo; Miss I. F. Jackson. Near
Dromore west, and at Castlerock, west of Tubbercurry, Sligo, 1896;
NV. C.-—X. At Enniskillen; Stewart. By the railway at Newtown
Butler, Fermanagh, 1896; WV. C.—XI. Leenane, Lough Swilly;
between Ballyshannon and Bundoran, and in numerous other stations;
very local in Donegal: Hart 1880 §e.—XII. In many stations in
Antrim, Down, and Derry; but not common: Flor. N.-F.

Abundant by the sea in many places; usually rare, and appar-
ently introduced, inland.

CUSCUTA Linn.

1. ¢C. Epithymum Murr.—Zhyme Dodder.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — — — — XL —
Lat. 52°-553°. Southern half of Ireland, chiefly. Type, English.

In sandy ground near the sea; rare and doubtfully native.
£i, July-September.

I. Banna sand-hills, Kerry, 1887: 2. W.S. 1888 (as C. Zrt-
folit).—IT. In Gonailerebis abundance at the west end of the sand-
hills on the Rabbit Burrow near Tramore, Waterford, 1886-92
(J. EB. Grubb): Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 14. At the Cliff-road near
Tramore, 1892, and on the Cunnigar, Dungarvan, Waterford, 1893 ;
J. E. Grubb.—XI. Several patches in natural ground near Rossa-
penna hotel, Donegal (Hart): Journ. of Bot. 1896, p. 399.

To this species should perhaps be referred the record in
Thretheld’s Synopsis under Cuseuta major: ‘‘ This Herb groweth in
great Plenty on the dry sandy Banks near Mayden tower near
Drogheda and grows like red Threads on the Tops of the low
Grass.” No Cusewta, however, has since been discovered in
‘Threlkeld’s locality though sought for by many botanists.

Var. Triroxi (Bab.)—II. Near Midleton, occasionally: Allin’s
Cork.—IV. Quite established in clover fields at Fassaroe near Bray
(Barrington): Rec. Add. At Ballyarthur, Co. Wicklow, 1889;
R. Bayly. At Aughnaclappa, Wexford: Moffat 1889. Abundant
in a field near Alderton, Wexford: B.-H.& @. 2890. In fair
quantity at Ballycarrigeen near Ferns, Wexford, 1893-96 ; G. E. J.
250 CONVOLVULACE A. { Cuscuta.

Greene.—V. Occupying a few square yards in a field near Bally-
brack, Co. Dublin, 1868 (W. G. Smyth); near Kilkea, Kildare
(J. Douglas): Ree. Add. On vetches near Sutton, Co. Dublin,
1881; Hart. Near Ballyboghill, and abundant in sandy fields at
Portrane, Co. Dublin: WV. C. 2895. Sand-hills at Baltray at the
Boyne mouth, and sandy ground near Lurgan Green, Louth:
Praeger 1897.—VI. Profusely in two sandy fields near Killeany
and Kilmurvy, Aranmore Island: MWowers & Wells 1892 (as CO,
Lpithymum),.

Appears to have spread considerably in East Ireland since its
first discovery at Ballybrack in 1868.

ORDER XLVI.—SOLANACEZ.
SOLANUM Linn.

1. §. Duleamara Linn.— Bitier-sweet.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII
Lat. 52°-553°. “Throughout Treland. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Wet hedge-rows and shingly shores; rather rare.
Fi, Sune~August.

I. Sparingly about Killarney, perhaps introduced; 2. W. S.—
IT. At Bishop’s Brook, Cork (Mr. Alexander): Flor. Cork—still
there in 1895, and at Blaraey, 1894; Phillips. Near Midleton ;
rare in Co. Cones Allin’s Cork. =i. Fertagh churchyard,
Kilkenny *(Rev. 8. Madden): Cyd. At Ferrybank, Kilkenny:
U. § S. 7896.—IV. Plentiful in wet hedges near the Murrough of
Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. St. John’s near Enniscorthy, Wexford
(Miss E. M. Farmer): Ree. Add.—vV. Rather common throughout
Co. Dublin and locally abundant; 4.C. Straffan, Kildare
(J. Douglas): Cyb.—VI. Abundant on the shores of the lakes near
Corofin, Clare: Foot 7864. North and Middle Aran Isles: Hart
1875. At Quinn Abbey, Co. Clare: Corry 1880. Near Menlo
Castle and Galway: Herb. John Reilly—vVII. Recorded for this
District in 1st Ed. Cyd. but no locality available—VIII. Islets in
Lough Mask, Mayo (Prof. Melville): Cyb.—IX. In a wood near
Ballinrobe: Browne Fasciculus. In Leitrim, rare (J. Wynne); in
East Mayo (More): Cyd. Between Clonbur and Cong: Uv ¢- 8.
1896.—X. Sparingly at Gubbaroe, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.
Solanum. ] SOLANACEA. 251

Shores of Lurgan lake, and in Armagh Palace demesne: Praeger
1893. In Tyrone, by the canal at Strabane, and by the river
Strule at Omagh (Miss M. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—
XI. Thickets by the Erne opposite Cliff; hedges on the Bally-
shannon road near Donegal; river below Laghy: Hart 1886.—
XII. In many stations in Down, Antrim, and Derry; but not
common: Mor. N.-£.& 8. & P. 1895.

Var. marinum Bab.—I. Waterville ; Rossbehy ; Fenit; Barrow ;
Magharee Islands, &c.; frequent on the Kerry coast: R.W.S.
1888 & 1889.—VI. In Great Aran island (Prof. Oliver): Cyd.
Shore at Kilrush, Clare: Stewart 1890.—VIII. At Rynville,
Connemara: Flor. Hib.

The typical plant has all the appearance of a native in the East ;
in the North, South, and West it is more or less obviously introduced
in most of its stations, and is often cultivated in cottage gardens.

2. {8. nigrum Linn.— Black Night-shade.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. — VII. — — — — XIL
Lat. 52°-55°, South and East. Type, English.

Lowland. Cultivated ground and waste places; very rare and
uncertain in its appearances. 7. J uly-September.

I. Sparingly in two stations on Kenmare river, Kerry: R.W.8.
1890.—II. At East Ferry (Dr. Scott); by the middle Glanmire
road (Ur. Alexander): Flor. Cork. By the shore at Rossmore, and
on one of the Brown islands, perhaps native in the latter station:
Allin’s Cork. Near Cappoquin, Waterford ; Q. Quinlan.—IV. Shore
near Churchtown, Wexford, 1834, and again in 1869; also on sands
at Rostonstown (John Waddy): Rec. Add. Rosslare and Bar of the
Lough near Bannow, Wexford: Hart 18838. Near Wicklow,
1873; Hon. Miss Ruthven. Ovoca, Wicklow, 1882; Miss A. G.
Kinahan.—V. A very abundant garden weed at Easton Lodge,
Monkstown, Co. Dublin, 1873-74; Greenwood Pim.—VII. Eden-
derry, King’s Co., 1854 (Z. Chandlee): Cyb. Seen several times
in garden ground at Knock Drin, Westmeath: Levinge 1894.—
XII. In the Copeland islands and on the mainland opposite
(Ur. Campbell): Flor, Hid, Sandy ground near Cushendun, from
1867 to 1871 (Rev. 8S. A. Brenan): Rec. Add. Not found recently
and perhaps only a casual in north-east Ireland: Mor. W.-E.

Apparently not well established anywhere in Ireland save on the
Wexford coast.
252 SOLANACEA, [ Hyoseyamus.

HYOSCYAMUS Linn.

1. H. niger Linn.—Henbane.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English-British.
Lowland. Sand-hills on the coast, and in waste places near
buildings ; rare and uncertain in its appearances. £7. June-August.
I. Kilshannig ruins, near Castlegregory, Kerry: Hart 1884.
Abundant on the Magharee islands and about Fenit, Kerry: 2. W. 8.
1888 & 1889. Once abundant near the old castle at Carrigrohane,
the old abbey of Timoleague, and other places; but now almost
extirpated by the herb-women: Carroll 818. By the shore near
Kilbrittain (2. Z. Allman); near Courtmacsherry Bay and on
Whiddy Island (Carroll): Allin’s Cork. Near Skibbereen; J. J.
Wolfe. At Clonakilty, 1896; Mrs. Wolfe. Waste ground near
the Marina, Cork, 1892; Phillips.—II. About Mitchelstown, Cork
in great plenty: A’ Hogh 7735. On the Brick island, Rossmore ;
and by the shore at Ring, Youghal: Flor. Cork. Shore opposite
Cable Island: -Aliin’s Cork. Brown island, Rossmore, 1896;
Philips. Dungarvan, Waterford; and near Clonmel (iss S. Grubb) ;
Holy Cross, Tipperary; and—III. River View and Kilmanagh,
Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. Browne’s Hill, Carlow (2.
Clayton Browne); Maryborough, Queen’s Co. (J. Morrison): Ree.
Add.—IV. On the Murrough a little north of Wicklow (More);
Bannow, Wexford (Miss Nunn): Rec. Add. Bar of the Lough;
Bannow; Rosslare; and Sandeel Bay, Wexford: Hart 1883 B—
V. Near Sandymount; Clontarf; Howth, &c.: Wade Dubl.
Ireland’s Eye, 1872; Greenwood Pim—still abundant there: Hart
z897. Lambay island: Hart 2883 y—abundant there in 1896: Jr.
Nat. 1896. A garden weed at Fairview, Clontarf, 1890-92; Miss
A. G. Kinahan. Straffan, Kildare (J. Douglas): Cyb. Sea-shore
near Castlebellingham, Louth; Cecil Butler.—VI. Lough Gur,
Limerick: Jr. Nat. 1894. Banks of Kilrush river, Clare; P. B.
O’ Kelly —VII. Near Rahan, King’s County (Rev. J. W. Despard);
near Parsonstown (J. White): Cyb—VIII. Roadside in Connemara
(S. Foot); and—IX. The Point, Sligo (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.—
X. Near Armagh cathedral (Mfr. Thompson): Flor. Ulst. Abun-
dant at the ruins of Arboe old church, Tyrone: Flor. N.-E—
XI. One plant at Greencastle (W. E. Hart): Hart 1883.—
Hyoscyamus. | SOLANACEZ. 253

XII. Roadside near Ballycastle, Antrim, 1821 (G. C. Hyndman):
Flor. N.-£.—still about Ballycastle: S.g P. 2895. At Benone,
Magilligan, and side of Lough Neagh above Ballyronan: Moore US.
Millquarter Bay; Killard Point, &.; rare in the North-East :
Flor. N.-E.

ORDER XLVII.—_SCROPHULARINEZ.
VERBASCUM Linn.

1. ¢{V. Thapsus Linn.—Dullein.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°, Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, English-
British.

Lowland. Waste places, old quarries, dry banks, &c.; frequent.
Fl. June—Suly. Caleicole B.

‘Widespread but seldom occurring in abundance or in thoroughly
wild stations. Much cultivated in cottage gardens and nowhere
undoubtedly native in Ireland.

LINARIA Linn.

1. *L. Cymbalaria Mill —lvy-leaved Toad-flax.

Districts I. II. — — V. — VIL. — IX. X. XI. XI.

“Old walls; frequent and well established in many stations.
Fi. April—October.

I, Abundant about Cahirciveen, Kerry, 1896; frequent in
Kerry; 2.W.S. Among grass on the river bank between Bandon
and Inishannon, remote from any building; and—ITI. Common
about Cork, 1896; Phallips—vV. Old walls about Dundalk: Zr.
Flor. Sea wall at Kilbarrack, 1893; by railway drains between
Booterstown and Blackrock, 1894; abundant at Lucan and Leixlip,
1895, and in many other stations in Co. Dublin; frequent and well
established in the county; W. C.—VII. Naturalized on Carberry
Island, Lough Ree: B.§V. 2887.—IX. Rocks on Goat Island,
Lough Gill; and on houses about Sligo: B.gV. 1885.—X. Fre-
quent in Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XIJ. Rathmullan Abbey and
Killydonnelly Abbey: Hart 1880.—XII. Common throughout the
254 SCROPHULARINEA. [ Linaria.

district, an important and ineradicable member of the flora of north-
east Ireland: Flor. WV.-2.

Introduced in all cases, yet fully naturalized in Ireland, and
probably frequent in all the districts.

2. tL. Elatine Mill.—Fluellin.

Districts I. ID. — IV. — VI. - — —~ — — —
Lat. 514°-58°. Southern half of Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Cultivated ground, usually in sandy soil; rare.
Fil. July-September.

I. By the side of the Bandon road, Cork: Drummond 2879.
Near Ballinhassig; Carrigaline (If. Alexander); about Monks-
town (Dr. Power); Carbery (R. W. Townsend): Flor. Cork.
Rather common about Glandore; Ballinadee; Clonakilty, &c.:
Allin’s Cork. Lough Hyne, 1892; R. P. Vowell. Schull and
Ballyalla near Skibbereen ; Crosshaven, 1894; plentiful on Cape
Clear island, 1896; Creagh near Skibbereen, 1897; Phellips.—
II. Near Cove (Dr. Scott): Flor. Cork. Whitegate ; Power Head,
1895 ; Phillips—IV. Between Bannow and Ballymadder, Wexford
(Barrington): Rec. Add. On the shore, Greater Saltee island,
Wexford: Hart 2883 8. Abundant in cornfields about Alderton,
Wexford (Miss L. Glascott): B.-H. & @. 2889. Sparingly at
Ballycarney, Ferns, Co. Wexford, 1889-91; G. EF. J. Greene.—
VI. Cornfields near Rathkeale, Limerick (Henry Hardy): Mack.
Cat. Cultivated fields at Castle Taylor: More 1855. Roadside
near Ballyvaughan, Clare (Rev. 7. Allin): Ree. Add. Near Bally-
vaughan, 1895, in sandy fields at Muckinish (P. B. O'Kelly),
and at Newtown Cashel (™ C.).

3. L. repens Mill_—Creeping Toad-flac.

L. striata DC.
Districts I. — — — — — — — — X, XI. XIl.
Lat. 513°-55°. Southand North Type, English.

Lowland. Banks, roadsides, and waste places; rare. FT, July-
September.

I. On the refuse of an old slate quarry a mile below Bandon
and by the old castle near it, two miles farther down the river,
1805: Mack, Rar, Roadside half way between Bandon and
Dunmanway: Drummond z8z9. Inishannon, Cork (J. Wright) :
Cyb. Frequent near Bandon, extending to beyond Ballineen, also
Linaria. | SCROPHULARINEA. 255

to Ballinadee and by the Bandon river, chiefly on the right bank:
Allin’s Cork. Plentiful along the river bank and the railway
between Bandon and Inishannon, 1891; roadside at Desert, 1889 ;
Phillips —X. Sparingly on and beside the Greenore railway near
the canal locks below Newry: Praeger 1893.—XI. Roadside and
banks between Glenalla and Rathmelton, also on arocky hillock west
of the road and spreading to adjoining fields: Hart z879.—XII. In
a waste field on the ascent of Spelga mountain, above Killowen,
Rosstrevor, 1886 (Stewart); stony ditch bank about a mile south of
Rosstrevor, 1887 (Z. Chandlee): Flor. N.-E, Abundant in fields,
on banks, by roadsides, and by the seashore about Killowen and
thence to Seafield, Down: S8.¢ P. 1892.

Also recorded for III. and V., but probably only a casual or
intentionally introduced in these Districts.

First found by Mackay, near Bandon, in 1805.

L. sepium Allman—QJL. repens x vulgaris—I. By the river
Bandon (Dr. G. J. Allman): Flor. Cork—plentiful here in 1891;
Phillips.

4, tL. vulgaris Mill.— Yellow Toad-flax.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, British-
English.

Lowland. Waste places, old quarries, road-sides, &c.; rather
rare. £7. July-September.
_ I. Sparingly along the east shore of Lower Lake, Killarney,
1892; R.W.S. Near Glandore, rare in South Cork; and—II. In
the neighbourhood of Cork, Bandon, &., not rare: Allin’s Cork.
By the Youghal road south of Lismore, Waterford, 1896; F. Z.
Currey.—III. Near the Dinan bridge, Kilkenny (Zev. 8. Madden) :
Cyb. Garryhill, Carlow (2. Clayton Browne): Rec. Add. Between
Borris, Carlow, and the foot of Blackstairs: Hart z884.—IV. Mur-
rough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. In fields and on ditches about
Rathnew, Wicklow: Praeger 2897. Ballyhyland; Cairn, &c.,
Wexford: Moffat 1889. Frequent in North Wexford : B.-H. § I.
z8920a.—V. Sandy ground near Lissen Hall opposite Malahide :
Wade Dubl. Sandy fields between Baldoyle and Howth: Jr, Flor.
Knockmaroon Hill (Moore): Cyb. Sparingly at Knockmaroon,
1893 ; by the sea wall near Kilbarrack, 1893, very rare in county
Dublin; WV. C.—VI. By the railway at Adare, Limerick: Stewart
256 SCROPHULARINEZ. [Linaria.

1890.—VII. Fields near Lough Sheelin, Westmeath (Miss £.
Reynell) : Cyb.—VIII. To the west of the town of Galway
(Prof. Melville) : Cyb.—X. Frequent in Armagh : Praeger 1893.—
XI. Tory Island: Barrington 1879. Well established about Leck
Beg, Burton Port: Hart 1880.—XII. Road-sides at Magilligan
and Faughan vale, Derry: Moore MS. Warrenpoint; Down-
patrick ; Ballycastle ; Broughshane, and in numerous other stations
in Down and Antrim: Flor. V.-E. & S.§ P. 1895.

Rare in the Centre and West. Often occurring as a garden
escape and nowhere certainly native.

5. L. minor Dest.—Lesser Toad-flax.

L. viscida Mcench.
Districts I. IJ. IJ]. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. — — —
Lat. 52°-534°. Southern half of Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Along railways and in waste and cultivated grounds ;
rather frequent. £7. June-August.

I. At intervals along the railway from where it enters Kerry to
Castleisland: R.W. S. z889—spreading along the Kerry railway
tracks, 1896; 2&.W.S.—II. Sparingly by the new road near
Sunday’s Well, Cork (Dr. Woods): Drummond 1819. A weed in
gardens at Summer Hill and Sunday’s Well: Carroll 854. Abun-
dant along the railway from Cork to Queenstown and Youghal,
and in a gravel pit at Midleton, 1895; Phellws. Lismore, Water-
ford, 1870; #. #. Currey.—III. Waste ground near Carlow
(J. Morrison) : Carroll 1854. Railway banks near Borris, Carlow;
Hart. Potato fields at Emo, Queen’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—
IV. Railway banks, Rathdrum and Wicklow; Hart.—V. Stillor-
gan, Dublin (S. Foot): Cyb. Near Sydney Parade railway-station,
Dublin (V. A. Smith): Rec. Add. Occasionally as a garden weed
about Howth: Flor. Howth. Frequent along the railway lines
from Dublin, west to Lucan and south to Bray, 1895; not yet
observed on the Northern line; W.C. Straffan, Kildare (J.
Douglas): Rec. Add. At Greenore, Louth: Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 227.
Cultivated land near Carbury, Meath: Praeger 2897—VI. In
‘County Galway, along the railway at Athenry, 1895, and at Tubber
near the Clare border, 1896; also—VII. On the railway at Mullin-
gar, at Street, and at Inny junction, Westmeath, 1896; WV. C.—
IX. Railway near Kiltoom, Roscommon: B. §-V, 2887.

Abundant and spreading rapidly South and West along the
LInnaria. | SCROPHULARINE 2. 257

railways; much rarer in waste places, or as a weed of cultiva-
tion.
First found, near Cork, by Dr. Woods about 1819.

ANTIRRHINUM Linn.

1. {A. Orontium Linn.—Lesser Snap-dragon.

Districts I. I — — — — ~ ~—~ ~—~ ~ ~ ~—
Lat. 513°-52°, South Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Cultivated and waste ground in light soils; rare.
fil. July-August.

I. Fields near Monkstown, Cork: Drummond z8r9. Newtown,
Roscarbery (2. W. Townsend); near the Ovens (Dr. Hincks);
about Carrigaline castle (Dr. Power): Flor. Cork. Glandore;
Baltimore; Lough Hyne; Myros; not infrequent in potato fields
in south Cork: Altin’s Cork. Near Lough Hyne, 1889; Baltimore,
1896; Phillips.—II. In several fields near Tower village, Blarney
(R. Mills): Rec. Add. In several stations round Cork (Carroll) :
Allin’s Cork. Great Island and near Iniscarra, 1892; near Coach-
ford, 1897; Phillips.

Also recorded for V., VI., and XII., but in these districts the
plant appears to have occurred only as a casual, and has not been
recently observed.

A weed of cultivation fully established in county Cork only.

SCROPHULARIA Linn.

1. 8. aquatica Linn.— Water Figwort.

Districts I. II. III.-IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, English.

Lowland. River banks, wet ditches, and watery places;
frequent. £7. July-August.

I. Burnham bridge near Dingle, Kerry: Hart 1884. Bally-
bunnion and Beal Castle, Kerry: Stewart 1890. Near West Cove,
and near north end of Caragh Lake; very rare in south Kerry;
R.W.S. Gilengariff, Cork: Hart 18858. Goleen; rare in south
Cork ; Phollips.—I1. Frequent in north Cork and south Tipperary.—
III. In Co. Kilkenny, at Kilmacow (7. Chandlee): Rec. Add. At
Snowhill, Kilkenny: B.-H. & G. 1890.—IV. and V. Frequent,
occurring in many stations in Wicklow, Wexford, Dublin, Louth,

s
258 SCROPHULARINE A. [ Serophularia..

and Kildare.—VI. Abundant by the Fergus at Ennis, and several
places between Kilrush and Carrigaholt, Clare; also at Foynes,
Limerick: Stewart z8g0. On the rocky shores of Lough Derg at.
Bonniveen Point, Galway; and—VII. At Drominagh, Tipperary :
N.C. 1897. Rare in Westmeath: Levinge 189¢— VIII. Inish-
bofin, rare: More 2876. Bundorragha, at the foot of Mweelrea,
Mayo: Hart 28830. Gentian Hill and Oughterard, Galway: Jr.
Nat. 1895. Near Roundstone, 1897; WV. C_—IX. Shores of Lough
Allen, rare: Stewart 1885. Near Drumceliff, Sligo: B. &V. 2885.—
XI. Frequent in Donegal: Hart 1883, §&e.—XII. Near Cidercourt
below Crumlin, and by the Doagh water, Antrim; plentiful by
Moygannon river, Warrenpoint, Down (Stewart); very rare in the:
North-East: Flor. V.-E. Sparingly by Castlewellan Lake, Down
(Stewart); by the Bann at Coleraine (Urs. Leebody): S. & P.
895.

‘Widespread in Ireland, but rare over large areas, and generally
far less abundant than S. nodosa.

Var. crnrrzra Dum.—VII. At Donore, Lough Derevaragh,
Westmeath: Linton 2896.—VIII. Oughterard; and—IX. Cong:
I. & 8. 1896.

2. S. umbrosa Dum.—Shade Figwort.

S. Ehrhartw Stevens—S. alata Gilib.

Districts — — — — VY —- — ~—~ —~ — ~— —
Lat. 53° 20’. County Dublin only. Zype, English-Intermediate.
Lowland. Shady river banks; very rare. 7. August—Sept.

V. By the Liffey river in Lucan demesne, 1894, and lower down
the river on both sides in considerable quantity between Knockma-
roon and Woodlands, Co. Dublin, 1895 (4. C.): Zr. Nat. 1896,
p. 182.

A rather critical species, perhaps overlooked in other parts of
Ireland.

3. §. nodosa Linn.—notted Figwort.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Hedge banks, woods, ditches, and waste places; rather common..
Ft, July-August.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 900 ft. in Dublin
(N.C.).
Mimulus.] SCROPHULARINEA. 259

MIMULUS Linn.

1. *M. guttatus DC.— Yellow Monkoy-flowor.

M. Langsdorfit Don.
Districts I. IT. — IV. V. VI. — — IX. X. XI. XII.

Lowland. Ditches, river sides, and wet places; frequent. FT.
June-September.

I. Abundant along the lake shore, Killarney, below Lake View
house: &£.W.S. 2888. Swampy ground near Bandon, 1897;
Phillips. Well established by the river below Inishannon; and
in a bog near Myrtleville, Cork (Carroll): Cyb.—II. West bank
of the Blackwater, between Cappoquin and Toorin, Waterford ;
Miss M. Chearnley—tIV. In the Dargle river near Enniskerry
(More) : Rec. Add.—abundant here in 1897; &.W.S8.—V. Kelly’s
Glen, Dublin, planted (Prof. Harvey): Cyb. Abundant in ditches
at the head of Glenasmole [Kelly’s Glen] and occasionally thence
along the Dodder to Templeogue, 1895; WV. C.—VI. Abundant by
the Fergus at Ennis, Clare: Stewart z890.—IX. Lough Melvin,
Leitrim: B. §V. 7885.—X. Shore at Dacharne island and at the
mouth of the Ballycassidy river, Lough Erne: Praeger 1892.
Abundant along the Foyle from Dunnalong to Strabane, Tyrone
(Miss M. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—X1. Near the salmon weir
at Ballyshannon (More): Cyb. Many years established near Tamney
in Fanet; in great profusion on ditch banks in Glenveagh: Hart
879. Near Letterkenny and in profusion at Carrick, Donegal Bay,
1884; V.C. Malinmore; very abundant along the Foyle from
Lifford to Carrigans: Hart 2885 y.— XII. Banks of the Bann
between the Cuts and Coleraine (Stewart): Ree. Add. Shane’s
Castle Park; Carrickfergus commons; by the stream at Glynn
(Stewart); Flor. N.-E#. Edge of Clandeboye Lake (Praeger);
thoroughly naturalized in the North-East: S. & P. 1895.

An ornamental garden plant from Western North America ; first
noticed as an escape in Ireland about 30 yearsago. Now fully
established in the Irish flora, and especially abundant in the North- .
West. The Irish plant is probably in all cases Var. aneurus
Greene.

Recorded as an established alien from many stations in Great
Britain and the European continent under the erroneous name
MM. luteus Linn.—See Journ. of Bot. 1895, p. 4.

s2
260 SCROPHULARINEA. [Limosella.

LIMOSELLA Linn.

1. L. aquatica Linn.—udwort.

Districts — — — — — VI. — [VII] — — — —
Lat. 52° 55’—58° 5’. Clare [and Galway ?] only. Zype, Germanic-
English.

Lowland. Muddy lake margins and moist: muddy places; very
rare. JL. July-September.

VI. On the margin of Inchiquin lake near Corofin, Clare, 1893
(P. B. O’ Kelly): Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 309. Near Gort, Galway,
in muddy turloughs at Newtown and near Tirnevan chapel; also at
Loughmanna, four miles west of Gort, 1894; P. B. O'Kelly. In
muddy hollows of limestone rocks four miles from Lisdoonvarna,
Clare, 1896 ( Greenwood Pim) : Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 297.—[ VIII. ‘‘ Fre-
quently occurring where the water has stood during the winter,
county Galway, near Ballinahinch, Connemara”: Wade Rar. |

‘Wade’s early record (1804) for Connemara still awaits confirma-
tion, so that the title of this plant to a place in the Irish flora may
be considered as for the first time fully established by Mr. O’Kelly’s
interesting discovery.

SIBTHORPIA Linn.

1. 8. europea Linn.— Creeping Sibthorpia.

Districts ILC — — — — — ~ ~ ~—~ ~ ~ ~
Lat, 52° 7’—52° 12’, County Kerry only. Type, Atlantic.

Moist shady places; very rare and local. 7. June-September.

I. At the foot of the road over Connor Hill on the [north] side
next Tralee Bay, 1805: Mack. Rar. Plentiful from Castlegregory
to the base of Brandon mountain (Moore): Cyb. Ditch bank by
the roadside east of Anascaul, south side. of Dingle promontory,
1888; &.W.S. Sparingly by the Connor Hill road, on the south
side towards Dingle; banks at sea-level near Fermoyle, west of
Castlegregory, 1888; V.C. On the hill south of Tralee (£.
Newman): Charlesworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840. Curraheen, south
of Tralee, and Kilelton east of Camp; R.W. S.

From sea-level at Fermoyle (1. C.) to 1700 ft. on Connor Hill
(Hart).

First found, at Connor Hill, by Mackay in 1805. One of
Mackay’s original specimens labelled: ‘Foot of Connor Hill,
Scbthorpia. ] SCROPHULARINE A. 261

Dingle, Septr. 1805,” is preserved in the Admiral Jones herbarium,
Science and Art Museum, Dublin.

Confined to the Dingle peninsula, where it has a very restricted
range of some 20 miles from east to west, and 7 miles from north to
south.

DIGITALIS Linn.

1. D. purpurea Linn.—Fox-glove.

Mbernicé Lup mop (Loos more), Great Plant—Meipimsge puca
(Matr-een-yee phoo-ka), Fairy fingerse—Meapacdn veaps
(Marr-a-cawn dharrig), Red Thimble.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL

Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths, woods, banks, &c.; frequent. 7. June-August.

Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1560 ft. in Donegal (Hart) ;
to 1700 ft. Ben Bulben district (B. & V.); to 1900 ft. in Mayo and
to 2250 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

VERONICA Linn.

1. V. hedereefolia Linn.—lvy-leaved Speedwell.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated ground and -waste places; common. 7. March-
August.

Sea-level in Donegal and 8. Cork. To 950 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).

2. V. agrestis Linn.— Field Speedwell.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated land, waste places, &c.; frequent(?). £7. April—
September.

Though widespread in Ireland, this plant is apparently much
rarer than V. polita. The two are.so often confounded, however,
that it seems imprudent to make any positive general statement as
to their relative frequency.
262 SCROPHULARINEA. [ Veronica.

V. polita Fries.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British-English.
Cultivated ground, waste places, &c.; common (?). £7. Apr.—Sept.

8. *V. Tournefortii C. Gmel.— Persian Speedwell.

V. Buxbaumi Ten.—V. persica Poir.
Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.
Cultivated land and waste places; common. #7. March—September.
An introduced weed of cultivated ground which appears to have
been first noticed in Ireland, near Cork, before 1845, and has since
spread throughout the country.
Sea-level to 950 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

4, V. arvensis Linn.— Wall Speedwell.

Districts I. IT. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Fields, walls, waste places, &c.; common. J. April-July.
Sea-level in Derry and S. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Dublin (¥.C.).

5. V. serpyllifolia Linn.—Zhyme-leaved Speedwell.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Moist pastures, heaths, waste places, &c.; common. FT. May-July.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry
(Hart); to 1600 ft.in Dublin (1. C.); to 1780 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

6. V. officinalis Linn.— Common Speedwell.”

Districts I. II, TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 5139-553. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths, banks, and rocky places in light soils; rather common,
£7, June-August. Caletfuge C.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 2050 ft. in Donegal (Hart) ;
to 2400 ft. in Kerry (Druce 89r).
Verontea. | SCROPHULARINEA, 263

7. V. Chamedrys Linn.—Germander Speedwell.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
‘Woods, hedgerows, pastures, &c.; common. J. May-July.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry and
to 2550 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

8. V. montana Linn.— Mountain Speedwell.

Districts I. I. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

‘Woods and shady places; rather rare. 7. April—July.

I. Frequent in county Kerry; &.W.S. At Cahermore ; Leap;
Myros; and—II. Frequent in North Cork: Alhin’s Cork. Kil-
‘common, Caher, Tipperary (W. H. Harvey): Herb. T. C. D.—III. At
Kells Priory, Kilkenny, and Borris demesne, Carlow, 1897; Rev.
T. Hartley.—IV. Powerscourt, Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Roadside at
Mountgarret Hill, New Ross, Wexford: #.-H. § MH. 1892.—
V. Locally abundant in Co. Dublin; WC. Near Omeath, Louth:
Hart 1884.—VI1. Ballycar near Ennis, Clare: Stewart 1890.—
VIL. Knock Drin and Donore, Westmeath: Levinge r894. Hare
Island, Lough Ree: B.& V. 2887.—VIII. About Ballinahinch,
Connemara: Wade Rar. On the mountain behind the inn at
Maam: Babington 1836.—IX. In Co. Sligo (J. Wynne): Cyb.—
X. Frequent, occurring in Armagh, Tyrone, and Fermanagh.—
XI. Bulbein mountain; Brown Hall woods; below Cliff on the
Erne river; very local in Donegal: Hart 2880 § 1886.—XII. Fre-
‘quent in Down, Antrim, and Derry: Flor. N.-#. & 8S. & P. 1895.
. Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Derry
(Hart).

No doubt often passed over as V. Chamedrys, and probably more
frequent in Ireland than would appear from existing records.

9. V. seutellata Linn.—Marsh Speedwell.

Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VILL IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Wet boggy places; frequent. 7. June-August.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1350 ft. in Derry (Hart) ;
to 1500 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).
264 SCROPHULARINEA. © [ Veronica.

10. V. Anagallis Linn.— Water Speedwell.

Districts I. IJ. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Stagnant ditches and watery places, usually in clay soil; fre-
quent. 7. June-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Kerry. To 900 ft. in Dublin
(W.C.); but usually lowland.

11. V. Beceabunga Linn.—Brooklime.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Ditches, streams, and watery places; common. J. July-
August.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 950 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B. & V.); to 1200 ft. in Dublin (MW. C.).

12. *V. peregrina Linn.— Wandering Speedwell.

Districts — — — — — VI. — — IX. X. XI. XI

Cultivated ground, &c.; rare. 7. May—June.

VI. A garden weed at Chevy Chase, south-east of Gort, Galway :
Hart 1873.—1X. In the garden and demesne at Hazelwood, Sligo.
(Moore): Rec. Add.—X. Abundantly in the demesne at Barnes-
court [ Baronscourt | near Strabane, Tyrone, 1836, and subsequently
in several places between that and Londonderry: Cyd. In gardens.
in county Tyrone, at Dungannon, 1895; at Donaghmore, 1895-96 ;
at Favour Royal, 1896; Mrs. Leebody— XI. Salthill, Mount.
Charles; Kilderry, Muff, 1870 (Hart); Gweedore (Re. W. MM.
Hind): Rec, Add. Gardens at Kiliybegs and Lough Eske Castle:
Hart 1885 y. The commonest weed in many kitchen gardens in
Donegal, as at Glenalla; Horn Head, &c.; first noticed by Hart in
Donegal about 1870: Hart 1879. Londonderry: Flor. Ulst. 1864.
Abundant in gardens at Duncreggan and Culmore, near London-.
derry, 1896; Mrs. Leebody.— XII. A garden weed at Belfast (Rev.
W. M. Hind): Phytol. 2857, p. 47. Has not spread in the North-
East and is perhaps extinct about Belfast: Flor. N.-E. 1888.
Abundant on the sand-hills at Magilligan, near cultivated ground,
1897; Mrs. Leebody.

An American species which has spread over the greater part of
Veronica. | SCROPHULARINE.Z. 265.

Europe and has now become well established as a garden weed in
north-west Ireland. Already recorded for four counties in
Scotland, but only beginning to make its appearance in England.

EUPHRASIA Linn.

1. E. officinalis Linn.— Lyebright.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths and pastures; common. £7. June-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and’8. Cork. To 2400 ft. in Donegal
(Flor. Ulst.) ; to 2930 ft. in Wicklow (Hart); to 2990 ft. in Kerry
(Hore).

Var. eractuis Fries—V. Oldcastle, Meath: Praeger 1897.—
VII. Bog banks at the entrance of the Inny river into Lough
Derevaragh, Westmeath: Levinge r894.—VIII. Inishbofin: More
1876.—XII. Rocky banks of the Bloody Bridge river, Down:
S. § P. 1892. Between Ballyearth and Ballintoy, Antrim: Shool-
bred 7894. Basalt debris on Knockagh (Stewart): 8. g P. 1895.

Of the many other segregates of this variable species, E. Rost-
Koviana Hayne and E, previrita Burn. et Grem appear to be the
most widespread in Ireland. E. sorgatrs owns. and EH. wemorosa
H. Mart. have also been observed.

LE. Salisburgensis Funk.

Districts — — — — — VI. — — IX. — — —
Lat. 538°-533°. West Ireland. Type, Hibernian.

Lowland. Dry rocky places on limestone; rare. 7. July—
August.

VI. On Aran island, 1852: Oliver 7853. About Castle Taylor,
Galway (as #. cuprea Jord.) More: Cyd. Abundant on limestone
crags near Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1895 (WV. C.): Jr. Nat. 2897. In
rough limestone country by the south-east shore of Lough Corrib.
near Menlough, Galway, 1892 (H. 4 J. Groves): Journ. of Bot.
1897, p. 58.—1X. Near Clonbur on low limestone cliffs south of
Lough Mask, Co. Mayo, 1895 (Rev. £. S. Marshall): Journ. of Bot.
1896, p. 44I.

Widespread and usually alpine or sub-alpine in Europe from
Norway to Greece. Lowland in Ireland, hardly reaching above 200
feet. Apparently absent from Great Britain.
266 SCROPHULARINEA. [ Bartsia.

BARTSIA Linn.
1. B. Odontites Huds.— Red Bartsia.

Euphrasia Odontites Linu.— Odontites verna Reichb.— 0. rubra Pers.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Fields, roadsides, and waste places; common. 7. July-
August.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1300 ft. in Derry (Cyb.);
to 1830 ft. in Waterford (Hart).

Var. srrotina (Reichb.)—XII. Giant’s Causeway: Shoolbred

1894.
2. B. viscosa Linn.— Marsh Bartsia.

Eufragia viscosa Benth.—Trixago viscosa Stev.
Districts I. I -— — — — — — — — XL —
Lat. 514°-55°. South-West, chiefly. Zype, Atlantic.

Boggy pastures; locally abundant. #7. July-August.

I. At Calnafersey and near Dingle, Kerry: Mack. Rar. A
common plant in Kerry; 2.W.S. Lough Hyne; Mizen Head ;
Cape Clare; Inchigeela; Gouganebarra, &c.; common in 8. Cork ;
Phillips.—I1. Gortdonaghmore bog, Cloghroe, about six miles from
Cork on the road to Killarney: Wade Rar. Near Midleton:
Flor. Cork. Near the National school at Kildinan, Fermoy (7.
Chandlee): Cyb. Near Coachford, 1897; Phellips. Roadsides and
adjoining fields between Lismore and the Knockmealdown moun-
tains, Waterford 1880-95; F. £. Currey.—XI. Between Inch
station and Burnfoot, Lough Swilly (Dean Gwynn); abundant for
about a mile here chiefly on land reclaimed from the sea: Hart
1881 8. Near Buncrana, about 300 ft. above sea-level, 1891;
J. Hunter.

Sea-level in Donegal and in Kerry. To 700 ft. in Kerry (Zar?) ;
but usually lowland.

First found, by Wade, near Cork, about 1804.

The absence of any intermediate stations in Ireland between
Kerry and Donegal, and the comparative rarity of this species, in
the latter county, point to its probable introduction into north
Ireland from the south of Scotland.
Pedicularis. | SCROPHULARINEA. 267

PEDICULARIS Linn.

1. P. palustris Linn.— Marsh Red Rattle.

Districts I. II. IJ]. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Marshes and boggy meadows; frequent. 7. June-August.
Caleifuge C.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1400 ft. in Derry (Moore) ;
to 1550 ft. in Dublin (™. C.).

2. P. sylvatica Linn.—Dwarf Red Rattle.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIIT. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Moist pastures and heaths; frequent. #7. May—August.
Caleifuge B.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 2150 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 3000 ft. in Kerry (Druce 1891).

RHINANTHUS Linn.

1. R. Crista-galli Linn.— Yellow Rattle.

BR. minor Ebrh.
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.
Moist meadows and pastures, marshes, &c.; common. 7. June.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Derry, 1630 ft.
in Mayo, and 2400 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).
Var. vattax Wimm. § Grab.—VII. Bog of the Lynn, near
Mullingar, Westmeath: Linton 1896.

MELAMPYRUM Linn.

1. M. pratense Linn.— Cow-wheat.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIIT. TX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Woods, heaths, and mountains; frequent. 7. June-August.
Descends to 100 ft. in Antrim and to sea-level in 8. Cork. To
2200 ft. in Donegal, to 2600 ft. in Mayo, to 2800 ft. in Wicklow,
and to 3150 ft. in Kerry (Hart).
268 SCROPHULARINEA. — | Metampyrum.

Var. tatrrourum Bab.—VII. Knock Eyon, by Lough Dere-
varagh, Westmeath: Linton z896.—XII. In the Antrim glens :
Shoolbred 1894.

Var. exiceroruu D. Oliver —VIII. Near ‘Roundstone, on
Urrisbeg, Connemara; and—IX. On Ben Bulben, Sligo (Prof.
Oliver): Phytol. w., pp. 678 & 1078.

Var. wontanum Johnst.—Generally distributed through the
mountain districts of Ireland from South to North.

2. M. sylvaticum Linn.— Wood Cow-wheat.

Districts — — — — — — — — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 544°-55°. North Ireland. Zype, Scottish.

Upland woods and damp shady glens; very rare. 7. June-
July. ;

XI. Ina glen north-east of Lough Eske, and in a wood on the
west side of the lake: Corry r882.—XII. In Glenarm Park, 1800;
in glens at Ballyligg near Larne, and on shrubby ground by the
Larne road a little south of Glenarm, 1808; by the Forth river
near the Fall: Zempleton MS. Glen of Altmore, Cushendall, and
Woodburn glen: Mor. Ulst. Glenariff: B. N.F. C. Proc. 1866.
Still at Glenarm Park; at Cairncastle, 1887 (Praeger): Flor. N.-E.
South side of Errigal banks above Garvagh, Derry: Moore US.

From 200 to 600 ft. in Antrim ( Cyé.).

First found, at Glenarm, by Templeton in 1800.

ORDER XLVIII.—OROBANCHE.

OROBANCHE Linn.

1. 0. major Linn.— Greater Broom-rape.

O. Rapum Thuill.
Districts I. Il. WI. IV. Ve — — — — — — —
Lat. 513°-533°. South and East. Zype, English.

Lowland. On the roots of broom and furze; rare.. FU. June-
August. >

I. Common near Cork and Bandon: Mack. Rar. On furze at
Kinalea, 1856 (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor. Cork. Not infrequent
along the Bandon river from Dunmanway to near Bandon (C. Long-
field) ; near Manch station (R. LZ. Allman): Allin’s Cork.--
Orobanche. | OROBANCHEA. 269

II. Broom Hill near Leemount (Mr. Alexander); Mountdesart
(Dr. Power): Flor. Cork. Castlemartyr and Inch Castle (Z. Chand-
dee); near Clonmel (7. Anderson); and—lIII. Firoda, Kilkenny
(Rev. T. W. Despard): Cyb.—IV. In the county of Wicklow:
Threlkeld. Near the lake at Luggy-law; at the Seven Churches ;
Devil’s glen, &c.: Mack. Cat. Between Rathdrum and Lara
(Moore) ; Kilbride, Wicklow (S. Foot): Cyb. Near Ovoca, Wick-
low, and between that and Rathdrum; Hart. At the head of
Lough Dan, Wicklow, 1888; 4. C. . Plentiful in Killoughrum
Forest, Wexford, 1887: Moffat 1889—growing here to upwards of
four feet in height, 1890; Moffat. In two stations between New
Ross and Kilmanock, Wexford: &.-H. & G. z890.—V. On a hill
south of Rathfarnham [Dublin]: Annot. in Threlkeld. Near Dun-
leary [Dublin], among furze (Dr. Young): Templeton US. Not
found recently in Dublin.
First recorded by Threlkeld, from county Wicklow, in 1727.

2. O. rubra Smith—Red Broom-rape.

0. Epithymum DC.
Districts — — — — — VI. — VI. — — XI. XII.
Lat. 53°-554°. West and North. TZype, Scottish-Atlantic.

Rocky places and sandy pastures, parasitical on thyme ; local.
Fi, June-August.

VI. Near Ballyvaughan, Clare, 1851: O’ Mahony 2860. Abun-
dant on the hills south and east of Ballyvaughan: Foot r86z.
Sandy pastures by the shore at Muckinish near Ballyvaughan, 1895 ;
P. B. O’ Kelly... Near Poulsallagh, Clare: Corry z880.—VIII. On
a small hill near Woodstock, four miles west of Galway, 1838 :
Mack. App. to Fraser, gth Ed. By the side of Lough Corrib:
Graham 1840.—X1. Ards, Donegal: Murphy 1829. Fanet Point:
Hart 1879. Downing’s Bay and Tramore, 1889; frequent in
Rossgull; Miss Kinahan.—XII. On the rocks of the Cave Hill in
little parcels of earth on projecting parts of the rock, found before
1793: TZempleton MS. In considerable quantity on the basaltic
range from Magilligan to Ben Bradagh, Derry, 1885: Moore US.
Cliffs to the south-west of Rathlin Island: Stewart 1884. Still
plentiful on Cave Hill and frequent on the trap hills of Antrim and
Derry: Flor. N.-£.

To sea-level in Clare. From 200 to 1000 ft. in Derry (Moore).

First found in the British Isles by Templeton, on Cave Hill,
before 1798, and first recorded in English Botany in 1807.
270 OROBANCHEA. [ Orobanche.

3. 0. Heder Duby—Jvy Broom-rape.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. —
Lat. 512°-552°. From South to North. Zype, English-Atlantic.

Lowland. Rocks, walls, banks, and woods, parasitical on ivy;
locally abundant. #7. June-August.

I. Mucross Abbey and in several islands in the lake at Killarney:
Mack. Rar. (as O. minor). Still at Killarney, 1897; also at
Rahaneen, Barrow Harbour; at Kilfenora, Fenit ; Derrynane ; West
Cove, Kerry, &c.; R.W.S. Near Rochestown; Ballincollig, 1898 ;
Carrigrohane, 1891-96 ; rare in 8. Cork; Phalls.—II. Frequent
in Cork; Strabally Cove, Waterford (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.—abun-
dant here in 1882: Hart 2883 8B. In Co. Waterford, west of
Clonmel; Miss S. Grubb. Near Caher, Tipperary, 1897; 2. P.
Vowell.—III. In Sir Robert Staple’s woods, Queen’s Co.: Mack.
Rar. Abundant at Inistiogue; below Ballyneale by the Nore:
Hart 1885 5.—\V. Found in the wood at Luggy-law by Dr. Stokes
and Mr. Underwood, 1802: Templeton MS. (as O. minor). Coast
at Arklow Head: Hartz88ra. Sea-cliffs, Silver Strand, Wicklow,
1895; Miss A. G. Kinahan.—V. On the side of the road going to
Lucan, 1799: Zempleton MS. (as O. minor), South side of Howth;
plentiful in Palmerston and Leixlip woods: Mor. Hib. (as O.
minor). Abundant in woods along the Liffey at, Woodlands, Lucan,
and Leixlip, 1894-95, and occasionally on banks by the sea in Co.
Dublin; W.C. Woods at Castle Bellingham, Louth: Butler
1890.—VI. South Isles of Aran: Mack. Rar. 1806. West side of
Aranmore island, 1892; 1.C. Between Murrough and Black
Head, Clare (W. H. 8S. Westropp): Corry 1880. Carrigogonell
Castle and Askeaton, Limerick (Prof. Harvey): Cyb. Near Foynes
and Askeaton, Limerick: Stewart 1890. Abundant on Church
Island, Lough Derg, Galway: WV. C. z897.—VIII. At the Killeries,
Connemara (W. Andrews): Cyb—IX. On the ruins of Cong
Abbey, Mayo: More 1860. Hazelwood, Sligo (Moore): Rec, Add.—
and in 1896; W.C.—XI. West shore of Lough Swilly near
Rathmelton : Mor. Ulst. Brown Knowe island, between Ray and
Rathmelton and shore close by; near Goorey, Malin: Hart
1880 & 1883. At Fort Stewart, Lough Swilly; Iss A. G.
Kinahan.

Very rare in the Midlands and apparently absent from the North-
East.
Orobanche. | OROBANCHE A. 271

4. *0. minor Sutt.—Lesser Broom-rape.

Districts I. II. WI. IV. Ve — — — — — — XII.
Lat. 513°-543°, From South to North. Type, English.

In clover fields; locally abundant 7. June—October.

I. At Ratharoon near Ballinadee: Allin’s Cork. Castlefreke
and Kilkern, 1890; Kinsale, 1891; Philips. Abundant in old
pastures round Clonakilty ; and—II. At East Ferry ; Midleton ; and
Youghal (Phillips): Zr. Nat. 1893, p. 23. Near Trabolgan (7.
Wright); near Aghada (Carroll): Cyb. At Dungarvan, Water-
ford; J. Britten—III. Near Browne’s Hill, Carlow, 1878; R.
Clayton Browne.—IV. In two fields at Spring Hill, Enniscorthy,
Wexford, 1868 (J. Morrison): Rec. Add.—still there in 1890;
Barrington. Thoroughly established by the coast near Kilmuck-
ridge, Wexford; left bank of the Slaney above Ballycarney,
and near Scarawalsh Bridge: Hart z88ra. Plentiful round Bally-
carney, 1887-96; G. E. J. Greene. About Kilmanock and Alderton,
Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1889. Abundant about Ballyhyland,
Wexford ; first observed here in 1868, and now very common in
clover fields : Moffat 1889.—V. In Co. Dublin, on Shennicks island,
Skerries, 1898 (Rev. W. Colgan); abundant at Malahide and at.
Portrane, 1894: W. C. 1893 § 1895. Near Castle Bellingham,
Louth: Butler z8g0. Near Athy, Kildare; Z. Me Donnell.—
XII. Abundant near Ballylesson, Down, 1881 (C. Dixon): Flor.
V.-#. Abundant by the sea at Craigavad, Down, 1892-93 (Z. C.
Marshall): 8S. & P. 1895.

Spreading rapidly in Ireland where it appears exclusively on
Trifolium pratense. No doubt originally introduced with clover-
seed in all its stations, but now fully established.

First observed in Ireland about 1866.

LATHRAA Linn.

1. L. Squamaria Linn.— Tooth-wort.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 512°-55°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, English.
Lowland. Woods and thickets, parasitical on roots of trees;
rather rare. 7. April-May.
I. Ross Island, Killarney: &.W.S. 1888. Near Desert, Cork
(C. Longfield): Allin’s Cork.—Il. By the river side near Blarney ;
272 OROBANCHEA. [ Lathrea.

in several parts on the banks of the Blackwater: Drummond 1819.
Between Fermoy and Mallow (7. Chandiee): Cyb. Plentiful for a
long distance along the Blackwater below Mallow (More): Ree.
Add. In the grounds of Toorin, Cappoquin (Miss I. Chearnley) ;
Heywood near Clonmel (Rev. A. H. Delap): -Ir. Nat. 1896.
Near Ounashad glen, Lismore, Waterford, 1896; F. #. Currey—
III. Castlecomer, Kilkenny; 7. Butler. Burton Hall, Co. Carlow,
1872-75; R. Clayton Browne.—IV. Near the Waterfall, Co. Wick-
low (Dr. Stokes) : Mack. Rar, Balruddery: Mack. Cat. Bally-
arthur woods, Wicklow: Jr. Mor. Baltinglass, Wicklow (Rev. J.
M. Emerson): Cyb.—V. Inthe wood of Saint Catherine’s, Co. Dub-
lin [near Leixlip]: Wade Rar. In the woods of Luttrelstown
[ Woodlands], Co. Dublin: Mack. Rar. At Woodlands, 1893; at
Saint Catherine’s and in Lucan demesne, 1896; WV. C. Ravensdale
Park, Louth, 1892; Lady Clermont. Woods at Castle Bellingham,
plentiful ; Cecil Butler. — VI. Near Limerick (Prof. Harvey);
Edendale near Ennis, Clare (2. J. Foot); near Ballinasloe (Moore) :
Cys. At Saint Clerans, Craughwell, Galway, 1897; Mrs. I. EF.
Joyce. —VII. In woods at Parsonstown (I. Dowd): Ree. Add.
Belvedere woods, Westmeath: Levinge 189g. At Geashill Rectory
-and Clonadd wood, King’s Co. (Rev. Canon Russell): Ir. Nat. r896.—
VIII. The Wilderness, Ashford, Cong; Miss UF. Jackson.—
IX. In Co. Roscommon (Miss Acton) ; and—X. Whitepark, Fer-
managh (7. 0. Smith): Ree. Add. Loughgall Manor, Armagh :
More 1860. Ardmore glebe and lower demesne, Tanderagee,
Armagh, 1896 (fev. H. W. Lett); Strabane glen, Tyrone, 1896
(Rev. A. H. Delap): Ir. Nat. 1896.—XI1. Frequent in north-
east Ireland: Flor. W.-H. and 8. § P. 7895.

In Ireland appears to grow indifferently on roots of Elm, Beech,
Hazel, Chestnut, and Portugal Laurel.

ORDER XLIX.—LENTIBULARIEZ.

UTRICULARIA Linn.

1. U. vulgaris Linn.— Common Bladderwort.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VILL. IX. X. XL. XII.
Lat. 513° 553°. Throughout Ireland. Tyye, British.
Ditches, pools, bog-holes, &c.; rather frequent. Fi. June-Aug.
Utricularia. | LENTIBULARIEA. 273

A widely-distributed species, but rare or absent over consider-
-able areas,
To 800 ft. in Kerry (Hart) ; but usually lowland.

U. neglecta Lehm.

Districts I. — — — Ve — — —~ ~ ~ ~— —

Pools and ditches; apparently rare. £7. July-August.

I. Abundant in Ballycarty pond near Tralee, Kerry, 1887:
R.W.S. 1888. Lower Lake shore, Killarney: &.W. 8S. r897.—
V. Pools at the Bog of the Ring and by the Ward river, Chapelmid-
way, Co. Dublin, 1893: W. C. 1893.

Often confounded with the preceding species and perhaps not
infrequent in Ireland.

First found in Ireland, near Tralee, by R. W. 8. in 1887.

2. UV. minor Linn.—ZLesser Bladderwort.

Districts I, IJ. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. 1X. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Ditches, pools, and bog-holes; frequent and locally abundant.
FI, Suly—August.

Rare in the East, but occurs in Wexford, Wicklow, Carlow, and
Louth ; frequent in the South and North; rather common in the
‘West and South-West.

To 850 ft. in Donegal (Hart); but usually lowland.

8. U. intermedia Hayne.—Jntermediate Bladderwort.

‘Districts I. — — — VY. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. From South to North. Type, Local-Scottish.

Lowland. Bog-holes, pools, and ditches; rather rare. FY,
August.

I. Not rare in the southern half of Kerry: R.W.S. r8or.
Knockskeagh, Leap (Rev. 7. Allin): Rec. Add. Near Gurrane
lakes, Dunmanway, sparingly; near Glengariff (in flower), very
rare in Cork: Allin’s Cork.—V. South of Kildare town, and in a
marsh north of the Curragh, 1897; Praeger.—VI. Bogs near
Crusheen, Clare: Corry 2880.—VII. Tullaghan bog by Lough
‘Owel, Westmeath: Linton z896.—VIII. Frequent in the Conne-
mara bogs, flowering near Recess Hotel (Carroll): Cyb. Frequent
in the Mweelrea district, Mayo: Hart 18836. Bog ditches near
Inveran, Jar Connaught, 1895; W.C_—IX. Bog near Lisloughrey,

T
274 LENTIBULARIEA. [ Virteularva.

Cong, Co. Mayo, 1895; Miss UM. F. Jackson.—X. “‘ Observed by
Dr. Scott during successive seasons growing in a peat drain near
Scottsborough, County of Fermanagh”: Mack. Rar. Between
Pettigoe and Ballyshannon, Fermanagh; Hart. Derryquinny Bog,
Cavan: Jr. Nat. 2896, p. 196.—XI. Frequent in the boggy
western and north-western districts of Donegal; Hart.—XII. Ona
large peat-bog near Rasharkin, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Abundantin
a boggy pool about a mile west of Lough Naroon, Antrim (Praeger) :
S.g P. 1895.

Frequent in the West, rare in the North and East. Seldom
flowering in Ireland. .

First found in the British Isles by Dr. Scott, near Scottsborough,,
Fermanagh, about 1804 and first published in 1806 in Mack. Rar.

PINGUICULA Linn.

1. P. vulgaris Linn.— Common Butterwort.

Mibermeé Leré uipge (Lay ishgé), Rot water.
Districts I. II. IT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°, Throughout Ireland. Type, Scottish-British.
Bogs and damp heathy or rocky places; frequent. FV. June.
A rare plant in the South-West, where it gives place to P.
grandiflora, and is found usually at considerable elevations.
Sea-level in N, Antrim and in Dublin. To 1650 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2000 ft.in Down (8. gP.); to 2500 ft. in Wicklow
and to 2450 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

2. P. grandiflora Lamk.—Large-flowered Butterwort.

Districts I. I —- — ~ — — — — ~ ~ —
Lat. 514°-523°. South-West only. Zype, Hibernian.

Bogs, marshy ground, and moist rocky places on mountains;.
locally abundant. #7. May-June.

I. Near Kenmare (W. Wilson): Flor. Hib. Common at
Killarney (Admiral Jones); abundant in many parts of Kerry;.
Turk mountain; Mangerton; Brandon, &.: Cyb. On Magilli-
cuddy’s Reeks (More): Rec, Add. On Baurtregaum mountain,
Dingle peninsula; abundant at the head of Killarney Lakes and
above the Gap of Dunloe, 1885; W.C. Mountain glens between
Castleisland and Listowel: &.W.S.z89z. Dereen; Waterville, &e. ;.
Pinguicula. | LENTIBULARIEA. 275

not rare in south Kerry; &.W.S8. Found plentifully in marshy
ground in the west part of county Cork by Mr. Drummond: £ng.
Bot. 1810. West side of the Lee above Inniscarrow and about
Macromp and Bantry (Mr. Drummond): Mack. Cat. On Bottle
Hill: Flor. Cork. Abundant two miles above Iniscarra Bridge,
also at Castletown Berehaven, 1894; Ballyalley, south of Skib-
bereen; Phillips. Bog by the new Kinsale road three miles from
Cork (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor. Cork, Near Ballinhassig
(K. J. Shaw); and—II. Near Cloghroe (#. Mills): Allin’s Cork.
Bank of the Glanmire river about half a mile above Carrignavar,
1849 (J. D. Humphreys): Annot. in Flor. Cork, Gurtaveeha lake
near Millstreet, sparingly (More): Ree. Add.

Not found in Great Britain. In Ireland, confined to the
counties of Cork and Kerry, where it is abundant in many parts of
its restricted area and reaches its extreme northern limit for Europe.
Ranges on the Continent from Northern Spain to the Jura and the
French and Swiss Alps. Perhaps the most beautiful of the Hiber-
nian type plants.

From sea-level (R.W. S.) to 2250 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

First found, by James Drummond, near Macroom, in 1809.

The most eastern native station known for this species is at
Carrignavar in about 8° 30’ W. longitude. There is reason to fear,
however, that an attempt made to naturalize the plant much
farther to the eastward may ultimately prove successful, and give
rise to a mistaken view as to the extension of its natural range.
About half a dozen roots having been introduced into a wild piece
of bog near the foot of Blackstairs mountain, Co, Wexford, in 1879,
were found in 1896 to have increased to 27 plants which flowered
freely—see Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 212.

3. P. lusitanica Linn.—Pale Butterwort.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, Atlantic-Scottish.

Bogs, especially in mountain districts; frequent. #7. June-
August.

Sea-level in Down and in Kerry. To 1000 ft. in Donegal (Hart) ;
to 1600 ft. in Down (S. & P.).

Rather,common in many parts of the South, West, and North;
rarer in the East, and usually more frequent near the coast than
inland.

T2
276 VERBENACE &. [ Verbena.

ORDER L.—VERBENACEZ.

VERBENA Linn.

1. {V. officinalis Linn.— Vervaim.

Districts I. If. WII. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII IX. — XI. —
Lat. 514°-544°. South and Middle, chiefly. Type, English.
Lowland. Roadsides, waste places, and near old buildings;
local. FU. July-August. Calcicole B.
Recorded for a single station, only, in District XI.; a casual in
District XII. Fully established in many places in the South, West,
and Centre, but nowhere having the appearance of a native.

ORDER LI.—LABIATA.
MENTHA Linn.

1. ¢M. rotundifolia Huds.—Round-leaved Mint.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. — VIII. — X. — XI.
Lat. 51$°-543°. From South to North. Zype, English.

Lowland. Banks, waste places, by rivers, on roadsides, &ec. ;
rare. J, August-September.

I. Abundantly by the stream at Fybagh bridge west of Castle-
maine Harbour; by an old road through Glencar woods; below
Lake View, Killarney ; and near Kenmare, Kerry: R2.W. 8S. r8oz.
Between Macroom and ‘Inchigeela, and near Castletown Berehaven
(Carroll): Cyb. By the road from Bantry to Glengariff; near
Adrigole; Glandore and Rosscarbery: Allin’s Cork. Near Skib-
bereen and Goleen, south Cork, 1896; Philiips.—II. Dry bank by
the sea-side at Carlisle Fort, near Cove, 1804: Mack. Rar. At
Ballyderoon Castle; near Aherne; Quirk’s Castle near Fermoy
(Tf. Chandlee): Cyb. By the Blackwater between Lismore and
Cappoquin, Waterford, looking wild: Hart 78858. Riverside
near Kilsheelin, Tipperary (MMiss 8. Grubb): Cyb.—III. Roadside
near Snow Hill, Kilkenny: B.-H. & G. r890.—1V. Among ruins
at Glendalough: Jr. Flor, Fethard, Wexford (J. Morrison) ;
Mentha. LABIATA, 277

Roundwood, Wicklow (#. Newman): Cyb. Rosdroit, and along
the Urrin river, Wexford: Moffat 1889.—V. Near Garristown,
1898; at Loughlinstown, 1894; occasional as a relic of cultivation
in Co. Dublin; WV. C.—VI. Roadside bank between Galway and
Oranmore (Stewart): Rec. Add.—VIII. Roundstone, Connemara
(W. McAlla): Cyb. Plentiful near a cottage at Ballinaderg bridge,
west of Nephin, Mayo (Hart): Rec. Add.—X. Occasional as an
escape in Co. Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. In Glendarragh, and
by the river at Crumlin, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Abundant by the
shore south-west of St. John’s Point, Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-£.
Riverside near Ballynahinch, Down (R. Hanna); near Saul chapel
and between Newtownards and Comber, Down (Praeger): 8S. & P.
1895.

The numerous Irish records for this and for the other cultivated
Mints are of very unequal value, and in the absence of full details
it is not possible to distinguish the instances in which they appear
as well established in wild stations from those where they occur as
mere casuals or outcasts.

2. tM. piperita Linn.— Peppermint.

Districts I. II. — — V. — — VIII. — X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-55°. From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. Wet and marshy places; rare. #7. July-August.

I. In several localities east of Kenmare, Kerry: &.W.S.
r89z. By the Lee near Carrigrohane Castle: Drummond 7879.
Drain between Carrigaline and the sea, 1851: Carroll 1&sq.
Minane Bridge near Ringabella, Cork; and plentifully by the Lee
a mile and a-half above Cork (Carroll): Cyb. Between Inishannon
and Ballinadee : Allin’s Cork.—II. Freely by the Midleton river
near Lisgoold and Ballincarrig Bridge; at Ballytrasna, Midleton ;
at Aldworth, Mallow: Allin’s Cork. By the Clashgariff river
near Carrigadrohid, 1897; Phellips. Near the Spa, Clonmel,
probably naturalized (Miss A. Taylor): Cyb.—V. River side near
Ballitore, Kildare: Carroll 7854. On a bog near Monasterevan,
Kildare (Praeger): Jr. Nat. 1893. By the Dodder near Rathfarn-
ham, Co. Dublin, 1893; ¥.C.—VIII. Banks of rivulets at Streams-
town, Connemara: Jr. Flor—X. At Farnham, Cavan, near the
upper end of the lake: Flor. Hib. Near Tartaraghan and Killylea,
Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. Near Lough Eske; between Bally-
shannon and Donegal; near Bundoran: Hart 1885 y.— XII. Side
278 LABIATA. [ Mentha.

of the Curley burn, and on the roadside near Muff, Derry : Moore
MS. By the rivulet near Carnmoney Church (Mr. Orr); shore of
Lough Neagh at Massareene Park (Dickie): Flor. Uist. Still
plentiful by the stream west of Carnmoney Church, and near
Antrim on the gravelly shore at the river mouth ; well naturalized
if not indigenous in the North-East: Flor. V.-£. Plentiful by the
old road between Ballynahinch and Drumaness, Down (2. Hanna) :
8. & P. 1895.

Like the preceding species, no doubt derived in all cases from
cultivation, but perhaps more fully naturalized.

3. M. hirsuta Huds.— Common Water Mint.

H, aquatica Linn.
Hibernicé Mipimin veaps (Mishimeen dharrig), Red Mint.
District I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Watery places; very common. 7, August-September.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1050 ft. in Dublin
(WV. C.).

4. M. sativa Linn.—Warsh Mint.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. — VII. VITT. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°, Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, British-
English.

Lowland. Wet places, river banks, &c.; frequent. £7. July—
September.

Probably occurs throughout Ireland, but is often overlooked or
confounded with the preceding species.

Var. pauvoposa (Sole)—I. Near Ross Bay, Killarney Lakes :
RW. 8. 1888.— XII. Limavady junction, Derry (Mrs. Leebody) :
Stewart 1894.

Vor. svserasra Baker—I. Lower Lake, Killarney: R.W.S.
1888.—VII. Philipstown, King’s Co.; and—XII. Knock Iveagh,
Down (Rev. H. W. Lett): Wats. B. Ex. C. Rep. 1895.

Var, nupra (Smith)—I. By the South Bride, Cork; and—
III. Ballintrain, Carlow (Carroll): Cyb.—IV. Clohass Bog and
Bloomfield, Wexford (Miss H. M. Farmer): Rec, Add.—The
numerous other records for this variety to be found in Jr. Flor.,
Flor, Hib., &c., need confirmation;
Mentha.) LABIATA, 279

Var. eractuis (Smith)—X. Stony shore of Virginia Water,
Cavan: Praeger 1897.

Var, eentitis (Linn.)—II. Ditch by the road between Aghada
and Cloyne, Cork, 1895; Phillips—tIII. By the Mountmellick
canal a mile above Portarlington, Queen’s Co.: Praeger 1897.

5. M. arvensis Linn.—Corn Mint.

Districts I. TI. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. XK. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Cultivated ground, waysides, and waste places;
frequent. £7. August-September.

6. { M. Pulegium Linn.—Penny-royal.

Districts I. IT. — IV. — VI. — — — — — XII.
Lat. 513°-542°. From South to North. Zype, English.

Lowland. Marshy meadows, and damp waste places and road-
sides; local. #7. August-September.

I. In moist ground about Lixnaw, in great quantities: Smith’s
Kerry. In Earl Kenmare’s Park near Killarney: Wade Rar.
Plentiful near Calnafersy: Mack. Rar. Abundant at Murriagh
near Ballynagall, and roadside near Ballydavid, Dingle promontory :
Hart 188g. Kenmare; Rossbehy ; near Killorglin; Sherehee, near
‘Killarney, &c.; widespread in Kerry, but not common: &.W. 8.
‘1889, &c. Roadside between Bandon and Ballinadee; on an
island in Schull Bay: Adlin’s Cork. Near Goleen, 1896; Phillips.—
II. Pretty frequent.on the banks of the Blackwater: Smith’s
Cork. Abundant at Ballycotton: Drummond z8zg. Great Island;
Imokilly, &c.: Flor. Cork. Kilshannig; Mallow, &c.: Allin’s
-Cork.—IV. Fethard, Wexford (J. Morrison); at the base of the
‘Great Sugar Loaf, Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.—VI. Churchyard at
Ennis, and marshy fens about the barony of Islands and Bunratty :
Wade Rar. Near the river at Hermitage, Ennis (fev. T. Warren):
Cyb. At Ennis, 1892; Zevinge.—XII. Plentiful on the Creagh
bog, Lough Beg, and sparingly in wet meadows by the side of
Lough Neagh, Co. Derry: Moore US. Abundant in a damp
meadow at the north end of Lough Beg, Antrim (Miss Knowles) :
S.& P. 1895.

Perhaps indigenous in Kerry and Cork; apparently introduced
elsewhere.
280 LABIATA. [ Lycopus..

LYCOPUS Linn.
1. L. europeus Linn.—- Gipsy-wort.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VI. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 513°-55°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Lowland. Ditches, riversides, lake margins, &c.; frequent and

locally abundant. 77. July-August.

‘Widely distributed, but rather rare in many parts of the country ;

more abundant in the West than in the East.

ORIGANUM Linn.

1. 0. vulgare Linn.— Wild Marjoram.

Distriets I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-55°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British—English.

Lowland. Dry banks and bushy places; frequent and locally
abundant. J. July-September. Caleicole B.

I. About Kenmare; rare in Kerry: &.W.S. 7890. Kinsale
road, Cork: Drummond z8z9. Near Ballinadee: -Alkin’s Cork..
Near Glengariff, 1894; and near Carrigrohane; Phelleps.—
II. Freely near Castletownroche (Carroll); at Blarney (R. Mills) ;
in several places round Midleton: -Allin’s Cork. Glanmire, 1891;
and East Ferry, 1898; Phillips. Near Fermoy, rare (Z. Chandlee) :
Cyb.—and in 1896; &.W.S.—III. In Kilkenny, at Kilmacow
(ZL. Chandiee), and near Riverview (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. At
Maryborough, Queen’s Co. (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1893.—IV. Abun-
‘dant between Bray and Enniskerry, Wicklow; WV.C. About.
Fethard, Wexford: Hart 1883 8.—V., VI., and VII. Frequent,.
occurring, often abundantly, in Dublin, Kildare, Westmeath,
Longford, King’s Co., North Tipperary, East Galway, and Clare.—
VIII. Common round Cong, Co. Galway: Marshall 1896.—
IX. Common near Cong in Co. Mayo; Miss UM. F. Jackson.—
X. Near Loughgall, Armagh (More): Cyb. Abundant a little
north of Loughgall; lanes at. Derryhaw, east of Tynan: Praeger
1893.—XI. By a ruined mill on the Erne below Cliff; on an old
wall at Brown Hall: Mart z886.—XII. By the Faughan near
Fincairn glen, Derry, very rare: Moore MS. By the river at
Shane’s Castle demesne, and between Larne and Carrickfergus,
Origanum. | LABIATA. 281

Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Walls of Templepatrick graveyard, Down
(R. Hanna); at Eglinton, Derry (Irs. Leebody): 8. & P. 1895.
Very rare in the North-East, and perhaps introduced or an escape in
many of the stations: Flor. N.-E.

Abundant in many places in the southern half of Ireland; rare
and apparently introduced in the North.

THYMUS Linn.

1. T. Serpyllum Linn. — Wild Thyme.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Tyye, British.
Banks, rocky places, &c.; rather common. /7. June—August.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Donegal,
2050 ft. in Down, 2680 ft. in Mayo, and 3230 ft. in Kerry (Hart).
Though widespread in Ireland, this species is absent over large
areas, and is generally rarer inland than near the coast.

T. Chamedrys Fries.

Districts II — — — — ~ — ~—~ ~— — —
Sandhills, &c.; apparently very rare. 7. July-August.
I. Sandhills at Banna near Ardfert, Kerry: &.W. 8S. 1889.—
II. In a pasture near Whitegate, Cork, 1897; Phallips.

CALAMINTHA Linn.

1. ¢C. Acinos Clairv.— Basel Thyme.

C. arvensis Lamk.
Districts — — III. IV. V. — VIL. — — — — —
Lat. 524°-582°, South-East chiefly. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Gravelly places and in cultivated fields in light
soils; very rare. #7. July-August.

III. On the esker, south and north of the railway at Mary-
borough, Queen’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—IV. On the Murrough of
Wicklow, on gravelly banks, sparingly (Moore): Cyd. A colonist
in clover fields at Knockmore and Mangan, Wexford, and several
times in profusion in crops about Ballyhyland, Wexford: Moffat
1889, 4e.—V. Near Athy, 1838 (Miss Trench); and in a sandy
field at Portmarnock, Dublin, 1840: Mackay 1859. Abundant in
282 LABIAT. [ Calamintha.

gravelly fields near Thomastown, Kildare; once found sparingly on
Mullaghcreelan Hill, Kildare (J. Douglas); at Portrane, 1869
(Hart): Rec, Add. Gravel pit near the Curragh, Kildare, 1897;
Praeger. Sparingly in a cornfield near Clonsilla, Dublin: WV. C.
1895.—VII. Near St. Martin’s Well, Lough Ree: B.&V. 1887.
Along the Scots road near Nenagh, Tipperary, 1897; 2. P. Vowell.

2. C. officinalis Monch— Calamint.

Uelissa Calamintha Linn.
Districts I. I. IT]. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. —
Lat. 513°-544°. From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. Dry banks, walls, rocky and gravelly places, road-
sides, &c.; rather rare. FJ. July-September. Calcicole A.

I. At Killarney (Babington); Kenmare (Prof. Harvey): Cyb.
At Killarney, 1887; at Kenmare, 1889; also at Clogherbrian near
Tralee: R.W. 8. 2889 & z8g90. Limestone rocks and old castle at
Carrigaline; limestone crags at Shanbally, Monkstown; by the
shore at Oyster Haven, Kinsale: Flor. Cork. At Leap; Timo-
league; near Glengariff; at Whitehall, Skibbereen : Allin’s Cork.—
II. Limestone hills near Midleton; near the Abbey, Ballinacurra :
Flor. Cork. Rocks at Blarney, 1856 (J. Sullivan) : Annot. in Flor.
Cork. Frequent near Fermoy (7. Chandlee); near Clonmel (Miss
S. Grubb): Cyb. By the rivers Funcheon and Owbeg, North
Cork, 1896; #.W.S. Abundant on limestone in North Cork;
near the Blackwater, Waterford (Allin): Rec. Add. Shore of
Youghal Harbour, Waterford, opposite Youghal: Hart 1883 B.—
III. Beaufort and Wallslough, Kilkenny; Rev. S. Madden.—
IV. Near Neweastle, Wicklow: Mack. Cat. Steep banks by the
river between Enniskerry and the Dargle: Jr. Flor. Plentiful by
the riverside near the Island Quay, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1889.—
V. Near Luttrelstown and Knockmaroon: Wade Dubl. r794—still
at Knockmaroon, 1895; V.C. Road-side near Vallombrosa, Bray,
1894; More.—VI. In profusion on the way to the Seven Churches,
Aranmore Island: Ogilby 1845. Between the Seven Churches and
Kilmurvy, Aranmore: Hart 1875, Abundant by the road-side in
Glanquin, Clare: . Corry 2880. Frequent on limestone crags near
Muckinish, Clare, 1895; WV. C.—VIII. Ruins of Ochnanew Castle
near Oughterard: Graham 1840.—IX. At Cong, Mayo: Wade
Gallovid z80z—still there in 1895; Miss M. F. Jackson. Shores of
Lough Ree in Roscommon (Foot): Cyb.—XI. Plentiful at a lime-
Calamintha. | LABIAT A. 283

stone quarry close to Abbey Assaroe, near Ballyshannon (Jr. Al-
lingham): Hart 1886.—In district XII. this species was once
observed in Glendun, Antrim, where it has long since become
extinct: Flor. N.-E. & Stewart 1894.

Probably introduced in many of its stations in the neighbour-
hood of ruins, but apparently native on limestone rocks in Kerry,
Cork, Clare, and Galway.

SALVIA Linn.

1. §. Verbenaca Linn.—Clary.

Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. — — — — — —
Lat. 513°-583°. South and South-East. Zype, Germanic-Local.

Lowland. Dry banks, waysides, and waste places; rare. 7.
June-September. Calcicole B.

I. Near the Red Strand, Clonakilty (Allin): Ree. Add. At
Baltimore (2. Z. Allman); sparingly at Old Fort, Kinsale: -Aldin’s
Cork. Plentiful near Ardfield, Clonakilty, 1890; at Baltimore,
1896; Phéllips—II. Clay Castle, Youghal: Drummond 1818—
still there, 1891-95: Phillips 1895. At Bailick, Ballinacurra
(Mr, Alexander): Ailin’s Cork. Plentiful between Youghal Bay
and Ardmore, Waterford (7. Wright): Cyb. Clonea near Dun-
garvan, Waterford: Hart 1883 8.—III. Half a mile west of the
town of Kilkenny (John Sim); at Lackenhill, Kilkenny (Rev. S.
Madden): Cyb—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyd. In
Co. Wexford, a little north of Greenore, and at Carnsore and
Dungannon: Hart 78838. Roadside banks, Rosslare, Wexford :
Marshall 1896.—V. ‘‘Upon the Brow below the Hospital of
Kilmainham”’: Threlkeld. Between Long Meadows and Chapel-
izod; between Rathmines and Milltown: Wade Dubl. 1794.
By the roadside at Long Meadows, 1893-96; WV. C. Along the
shore from Clontarf to Howth; common at Glasnevin and Cardiff’s
Bridge; Knockmaroon Hill; Phonix Park: Jr. Flor. Baldoyle,
Co. Dublin; More. Abundant on roadside banks between Kil-
barrack and Howth, 1896; at Skerries and Cloghran, Co. Dublin,
1893; apparently much rarer now than formerly in Co. Dublin;
N.C. County Louth golf links, three miles north of Drogheda;
Hart.—VI. Askeaton Castle, Limerick (Prof. Harvey): Cyd.

Almost confined to the neighbourhood of the sea coast and
apparently decreasing in Ireland.
284 LABIAT&. [ Nepeta.

NEPETA Linn.
1. *N. Cataria Linn.— Cat Mint.

Districts I. IL. IJ. — V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 512°-553°. From South to North. Zype, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Waste places, waysides, banks, and near ruins;
rare. F?. July-August.

I. By the old abbey of Timoleague: Drwmmond 1819—not
seen recently in Cork.—II. Near Clonmel, Tipperary (Jhss 8S.
Grubb): Cyb.—III. On the banks of the Nore between Thomas-
town and Inistiogue (Mr. Blashford): Templeton MS. In Kil-
kenny, at Danesfort and Ballykeeffe (Rev. S. Madden); near
Carlow (J. Morrison): Cyb.—V. Ditch near the Curragh of Kil-
dare, 1732: Annot. in Threlkeld. Sandy fields about Rush and
Skerries: Jv. Flor.—VI. Roadside north of the Shannon opposite
Limerick: Mack. Rar. Roadside near Ballyvaughan, Clare: More
1860. West of Loughrea, Galway: Graham r8go. Near Kin-
varra, Galway, 1892; Zevinge.—VII. Shannon Bridge, King’s Co. :
Zr. Flor. Roadside near Ballylucnane, Parsonstown (If. Dowd) :
Ree. Add.—vVIII. Between Newport and Castlebar, Mayo: Ball
1839. Between Galway and Oughterard (Moore): Cyb.—IX. “1
found this about Perryborough, Roscommon: Browne Fasciculus.
Roadside at Cong, Mayo: Wade Gallovid r8or—still there in
1895; Miss UM. F. Jackson. Roadside at Bracknagh, Lough Ree:
B. & V. 1887.—X. Banks of the Colebrooke river, Fermanagh
(Z. O. Smith); and—XI. Near Rowross Ferry (Hart): Ree.
Add. Waste ground near Port-na-blagh, Dunfanaghy: Hart
z880.—XII. Sandy hedge bank at Benone, Magilligan: Moore
HS. One plant on Magilligan sand-hills, 1863: Flor NV.-#. Waste
places by the shore north of Ardglass, Down (Stewart): Ree. Add.

There is reason to believe that in many of its Irish stations this
plant has occurred merely as an escape ; in others it has apparently
become extinct, and in all it is more or less obviously derived from
cultivation.

2. N. Glechoma Benth.— Ground Ivy.
Glechoma hederacea Linn.
Districts I. II. ITT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Hedge-banks, woods, &c.; rather common. FY. April-June.
Nepeta. | LABIATA. 285

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 700 ft. in Dublin
(NW. C.); but usually lowland.

SCUTELLARIA Linn.

1. S. galericulata Linn.— Greater Skull-cap.

Districts I. TI. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$9-55°. Throughout Ireland. TZyye, British.

Lowland. River-sides, bog drains, and stony or gravelly lake
margins; widespread but local. 7. July-August.

I. and II. Not infrequent in Kerry and in Cork.—III. By the
Erkina river, Queen’s Co., near its junction with the Nore: Hart
18856. In the demesne at Borris Castle, 1896; Rev. T. Hartley.—
IV. Ballykean, Wicklow, 1881; Miss A. G@. Kinahan.—V. Spar-
ingly by the Royal Canal east of Lucan, Co. Dublin (2.W.S.):
NV. C. 1893.—VI. At Miltown Malbay, Clare, 1880: Harvey’s
Memoir. Wood at Ballycar, Clare: Stewart 1890.—VII. North-
west end of Lough Owel, Westmeath: Levinge 1894.—VIII. Bil-
berry island, Lough Corrib, among the stones on the shore; Renvi
shore, Connemara: Wade Rar. In bog ditches and on shingle by
the shore near the mouth of the Crumlin river, Galway Bay, 1895 ;
Rev. W. Colgan.—IX. In crevices of the limestone south of Lough
Mask: 2. § S. 1896.—X. Frequent, occurring in the counties of
Cavan, Fermanagh, Armagh, and Tyrone, chiefly on lake shores.—
XI. Shore of Mulroy lake near Carrowkeel: Hart 2879. On
shingle by the shore between Killybegs and Fintragh: Hart
1885 y.—XII. Derriaghy and Portmore woods, 1794 (Zempleton) :
Whitla US. Rare in the North-East, but recorded for several
stations in Antrim, Down, and Derry: Flor. N.-£. and 8. & P. 1895.

Nowhere an abundant species, and apparently rarer in the East
than in the West. :

S. Nicholsont Taubert—S. galericulata x minor—I. At Mahony’s
Point, Killarney Lakes; Levinge.

2. §. minor Huds.—Lesser Shull-cap.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VI. IX. — — —
Lat. 51$°-54°. Southern half of Ireland. Type, English-Atlantic.
Wet and boggy places; frequent. 7. July-August. Calei-

Suge A.
I, and IT. Frequent in Cork and Kerry.—III. Near Kilmacow,
286 LABIATA. [ Scutellaria.

Kilkenny (7. Chandlee): Cyb. Between Borris, Carlow, and the
foot of Blackstairs: Hart 12884.—IV. Between Rathdrum and
Trooperstown; and bog at Lough Bray: Jr. Flor. Plentiful in
Glenmalure (Moore): Cyb. Marsh under Killowen House, Wex-
ford: B.-H. & G. 7889.—V. Howth Head: Flor. Howth. Marsh
at south side of Howth Head, 1897; Mss S. Colgan. Ireland’s
Eye ; Miss A. G. Kinahan.—V1. Monmore Bog, Clare ; C. Carter.—
VIII. and IX. Frequent in Galway and Mayo; reaching its most
northern point at Foxford (More).

Sea-level in Dublin and in 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Kerry
(Hart); but usually lowland.

Quite absent from North Ireland, and rarer in the East than in

the West.

PRUNELLA Linn.

1. P. vulgaris Linn.—Se//-heal.

Districts I. IJ. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Damp pastures, waste places, &c.; common. 7. July-August.
Sea level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1750 ft. in Derry,
and to 1700 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

MARRUBIUM Linn.

1. *M. vulgare Linn.— White Horehound.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VIE — — — — — —
Lat. 512°-532°. Southand Middle. Type, English.

Lowland. Waste places and roadsides, usually near houses;
rare. 7, July-September. Calcicole B.

I. At Derrynane and Tralee, Kerry, escapes; R.W.S. Strand
near Carrigaline: Drummond z8rg—still there in 1896; Phzllips.
At Currabinny (Carroll): Cyb. Near Ringaskiddy, very sparingly :
Allin’s Cork.—II. Great Island, and by the shore at East Ferry:
Flor Cork.—IV. Common on the Murrough of Wicklow: Wade
Rar. Various places in Wicklow between Dunganstown and the
sea: Flor Hib. For some distance along the shore near Bray:
Bali 1839.—V. Loughlinstown commons: Jr. lor. Rush, and
near Woodlands, Dublin; Miss A. G. Kinahan.—VI. In the Great
Marrubium. | LABIATA. 287

Island of Aran, mostly near villages: Ogilby 2845. In the in-
habited part of Inisheer, Aran Isles: Hart 1875. Abundant about
the Seven Churches, Aranmore: Praeger 1895. Roadside near
Ballyvaughan, Clare: More 7860. Plentiful along roadsides south
of Black Head and north-east of Ballyvaughan, Clare: Moot 1864.
Roadside near the village of Murrough, Clare (Rev. 7. Warren) :
Cyb.—still at Murrough in limestone crags near cottages, 1895;
P. B. O Kelly.

Much cultivated in cottage gardens and perhaps fully established
only in Clare and the Aran Isles.

STACHYS Linn.

1. S. Betonica Benth.—Betony.

Betonica officinalis Linn.
Districts I. II. WI. IV. [V.] [VI] — — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. From South to North. Zype, English-British.
Lowland. Woods and thickets; very rare. £7. July-August.
I. Woods at Mucruss: Wade Rar. Ross Woods, and in several
of the islands in the Lower Lake of Killarney: Yack. Rar.
Kenmare (Prof. Harvey): Cyb. Several places along the river
Flesk; in woods of Glenflesk Castle; south of Farranfore; in
several spots on the south slopes of Slieve Mish mountains, Kerry :
R.W.S. 1888 & -89. Mahony’s Point, Killarney Lakes; ZLevinge.
In the barony of Bere, Cork: Drummond 18rg—not recently found
in Cork.—II. In the wood on the north side of the river between
Cappoquin and Lismore: Smith’s Waterford. On Bilberry rock
near Waterford (Dr. Barker): Templeton MS.—still there in 1886;
A. R. Friel.—tII. Banks by the roadside at Newrath near Gaul’s
Mills, Kilkenny (7. Chandlee): Cyb.—IV. Sparingly in a wood
at Rosdroit, Wexford; at Curraghmore cross roads, Wexford:
B.-H. & M. 1892. Near the head of Bannow Bay, Wexford ;
W. Mac Millan —[V. Near Abbotstown, Co. Dublin: Wade Rar.—
not seen recently in Co. Dublin.—VI. In a wood by the riverside
near Corronanagh, Clare: Wade Rar.]—X. On an old fort near
Tartaraghan, Armagh (Rev. G. Robinson): Cyb. In considerable
abundance on an old wooded rath near Crowhill, 1871, the same
station as the preceding: Praeger 1893.—XI1. Amongst hazel near
the east shore of Lough Fern, 1889 (Mrs. Leebody): Journ. of Bot.
1892. At Port Salon; Mrs. Leebody— XII. Shane’s Castle woods
288 LABIATA. [ Stachys.

by Lough Neagh: Wade Rar. Sparingly by the Bann, both above
and below the bridge, at Kilrea, Derry, 1835: Moore US. Re-
found at Kilrea in 1893 in some abundance in several pasture fields
(Mrs. Leebody): 8. & P. 1895.. Roadside near Broughshane,
Antrim, 1896 (Rev. S. A. Brenan): Ir. Nat. 1896.

2. 8. palustris Linn.—Larsh Woundwort.

Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Damp ground, by rivers and ditches, and in cultivated land;
common. 7, July-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Donegal
(Hart) and in Dublin (NY. C°)-.

S. ambigua Smith—S. palustris x sylwatica—I. Ballincollig,
Cork (J. Sullivan): Annot. in FlovA Cork.—II. Near Trabolgan,
1896; Phillips. Near Fermoy (7. Chandlee); and—III. Archer’s
grove and Kilmanagh, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.—
IV. Greystones, Wicklow; Mor's.—V. North of Balscadden, Co.
Dublin (Praeger): Ir. Nat.’ 'z894. Glenasmole, Co. Dublin;
Greenwood Pim. Brackenstown wood; near Killiney, 1894, &c. ;
not infrequent in Co. Dublin; W.C—VII. Near Ballymahon,
Longford : B. § V. 7887.—X. Roadside at Silverwood, near Lurgan,
Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—XII. Near Muff in
Faughanvale, Derry: Moore MS. Several stations in Down and
Antrim: Flor, W.-E. Roadside bank near Belfast (Stewart):
B. Ex. C. Report 1889.

Probably occurs throughout Ireland in one or other of its forms.
‘The Irish plant is usually closer to 8. palustris than to S. sylvatica,
and so departs from typical S. ambigua (Smith). To this latter
belong Mr. Praeger’s plants from Balscaddan and Silverwood and
Mr. Stewart’s from Belfast.

3. 8. sylvatica Linn.—Hedge Woundwort.

Districts I. II, IT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods, hedges, and shady places; frequent. 7%. July—
August.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 650 ft, in Dublin (W. C.);
but usually lowland.
Stachys. | LABIATZA, 289

4. §. arvensis Linn.— Field Woundwort.

Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zywpe, British.

Cultivated land, especially in light soils; rather frequent and
locally abundant. #7. August-September. Caleifuge B.

Occurring in almost all of the maritime counties and abundantly
in many; much rarer inland and less frequent in the East than in
the West.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 950 ft. in Dublin
(N.C.); but usually lowland.

GALEOPSIS Linn.

1. G. angustifolia Ehrh.—Red Hemp-nettle.

G. Ladanum Linn. tn part.
Districts — II, II. IV. Ve — — — — ~— — —
Lat. 513°-533°. South-East, chiefly. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Corn fields and shingly and gravelly places; rare.
Fil, August-September. Caleicole A.

II. Little Island, Cork, 1854-56 (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor.
Cork—not seen recently in Cork.—III. Bellevue and Freshford,
Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. On the esker at Maryborough,
‘Queen’s Co. (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1893.—IV. Near Greystones,
Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Every year in wheat crops at Fassaroe
near Bray (Barrington): Rec. Add. A single plant at Caim,
Wexford: Moffat r889.—V. Among crops near the shore at Mala-
hide, abundantly; by the roadside and in hedge banks and field
borders between Chapelizod and Luttrellstown, and elsewhere:
Wade Dubl. Feltrim Hill; lands at Peatown; broken grounds at
Howth: Jr. Flor. In several stations at Howth, 1869 and 1884
(Hart): Flor. Howth & UMS. Side of Knockmaroon Hill (fr.
Templeton); gravelly banks near Cardiff’s Bridge: Flor. Hib. At
Dundrum near Dublin (Moore): Cyb. At Skerries, 1892; Dr.
McWeeney. At Clonsilla, 1884: Herb. R. P. Vowell. Gravelly
margin of the Dodder, near Old Bawn, Co. Dublin, 1882; Rev. W.
Colgan—abundant here in 1896; V.C. By the railway north of
Balbriggan and in a cornfield at Portrane, 1894; not infrequent in

Co. Dublin; W.C. Frequent in cornfields at Ballitore, Kildare
U
290 LABIAT. [ Galeopsis.

(J. Douglas): Cyb. Gravel pit near Kilmessan, Meath: Jr. Nat.
1896.

The Irish plant appears to be in all cases G. angustifolia. The
broad-leaved form G@. intermedia (Vill.), @. Ladanum of Linn, has
not, so far, been ascertained to occur in Ireland.

2. G. versicolor Curt.—Largeflowered Hemp-nettle.
G. speciosa Mill.
Districts — — III. IV. V. — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 523°-554°. North Ireland, chiefly. Type, English-Germanic..

Lowland. Cultivated ground; local. 7. July-August.

III. Fields near the city of Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.—
IV. At Ferns, Co. Wexford, 1891-96; G. E. J. Greene—V. At
Termonfeckin and Tullyesker near Drogheda (J. B. Hamilton) :
Cyb. Ardee, Louth, 1897; Praeger. In potato fields near Glas-
nevin (ifr. Underwood): Mack. Cat.—not recently found in Co.
Dublin.—VIII. Near Foxford, Mayo, but not common (More):
Cyb.—IX. In potato fields near Sligo: Mack. Cat—X. Common
in Tyrone: Ball 1839. Common about Strabane, Tyrone (Jfiss-
HW. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897. Tanderagee, Armagh (Rev. C.
O’ Meara); Bessmount, Monaghan (Miss Maffett): Cyb.— XI. Fre-
quent in Donegal: Ball 1839 & Hart 1879 §¢.—XII. Abundant
in many parts of Derry, especially near Dungiven, Kilrea, &c.,
1835: Moore MS. Sparingly near the railway station, Dungiven,
1885 (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. In Co. Derry, between Kilrea and
Maghera (Praeger); at Eglinton and near Enagh Lough (Mrs. Lee-.
body): S.& P. 1895. Frequent in sandy cornfields near Cushen-
dall, Antrim, 1836: Herb. Moore. Still at Cushendall in 1890, also.
at Glenariff ; Ardclinis ; and Cushendun, Antrim, 1892 (Praeger) :
B. N. F.C. Proce. 1890-91 & 1892-93. At Annalong, Down:
Hart 1884. At Six-road-ends near Conlig, Down: Stewart z894.

Also recorded for District I. from near Castle Island (Smith's
Kerry); and for—II. Near Midleton (Aliin’s Cork), but the first
record was probably an error, and at Midleton the plant appears to
have been only a casual.

3. G. Tetrahit Linn.— Common Hemp-nettle.
Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Cultivated ground, waysides, &c., chiefly in light soils; rather
common. 7. July-September.
Galeopsis. | LABIAT A. 291

A very abundant weed in peaty soils.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 700 ft. in Derry (Hart);
to 1250 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

Vor. srripa (Benn.). —I. Gouganebarra, S. Cork, 1897;
Phillips.

LAMIUM Linn.

1. L. amplexicaule Linn.—Henbit.

Districts I. II. TII. IV. V. VI. — — IX. X. XL XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. TZyye, British.

Lowland. Cultivated land and waste places, chiefly in sandy
soils; rather rare. #7. May—August.

I. In the Blasket Isles, Kerry: Barrington 7881. Bro Head
and Crookhaven (J. Wright); Roberts’ Cove (Carroll); Inish
Sherkin and Toe Head: <Alhin’s Cork. Abundant in potato fields
between Goleen and Schull, 1880; Carroll. At Crookhaven, 1896;
and—II. Plentiful near Ballycroneen, 1895; Phillips. Near
Youghal railway station (Carroll): Allin’s Cork.—III. At Mary-
borough, Queen’s Co. (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1893—IV. Abundant
on the Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Saltee Island,
Wexford: Hart 28838. Baginbun Head, Wexford: B.-H. & IL.
r892.—V. Sandy and broken fields about Glasnevin; Finglas;
‘Leixlip, &c., Dublin: Jr. Flor. In sandy fields at Rush, 18938;
Howth, Skerries, and Balbriggan, 1894; Portrane, 1895; not
infrequent along the coast in Co. Dublin; WV. C.—VI. Sparingly in
sandy fallows at Muckinish, Ballyvaughan, 1895; WV. C.—IX. At
Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyb—X. Grange; Loughgall; Slieve
Gullion, &c., Armagh: Praeger 1893. Washing Bay, Lough
Neagh, Tyrone (Miss M. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—X1. Ross-
nakill and Fanet (Hart): Rec. Add. Tory Island: Barrington
r&79. Ardmalin; Dooagh Island; and Inch Island, Inishowen:
Hart 1883.— XII. By the side of Lough Foyle, Derry: Moore US.
Dungiven, Derry (Mrs. Leebody): 8. & P. 2895. In Co. Down,
by Kilbroney river; at Killowen; Knockshee; Greencastle; Kil-
keel, &.: S.§ P. 2892. In Co. Antrim, at Ballycarry and Glynn
(Praeger) ; and abundant on the Curran of Larne (Stewart): Flor.
NV.-£.
~~ Appears to be only a casual in Kerry.

u2
292 LABIATA. [Lamium.

2. L. intermedium Fries—Jntermediate Dead-nettle.

Districts I. — — — V. — VII. — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°, From South to North. Type, Scottish.

Lowland. Cultivated ground and waste places; rather rare.
Fl. May—October.

I. Near Iniscarra, Cork, 1894; Phillips.—V. Abundant in
sandy fields, at Rush, Co. Dublin: WV. C. 2895.—VII. Lanesborough,
Longford: B. &V. z887.—IX. Near the base of Ben Bulben, Sligo :
Ball 1839. Cultivated fields at Mullaghmore, Sligo (Ir. Syme):
Flor. Ulst. Near Kinlough, Leitrim, rare: B.§ V. 1885.—
X. Grange near Armagh (Rev. W. F. Johnson); and at Maghery :
Praeger 1893.—X1. Tory Island: Barrington 1879. Port-na-blagh,
Dunfanaghy ; Ball Green, Rathmelton: Hart 2880. Dooagh Island
and Ardmalin South: Hart 1883.—XII. Frequent, occurring in
numerous stations in Down, Antrim, and Derry: Flor. V.-#. and
S.§ P. 1895.

Apparently rare in Ireland, but no doubt often overlooked.

3. L. purpureum Linn.— Red Dead-netile.

Hibernicé Neanc65 caot (Nee-an-thoge kweeock), Blind Nettle.
Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XM.
Lat. 513°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.

Cultivated ground and waste places; common. 7. April—
October.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 950 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

L. hybridum Vill.

L. incisum Willd.
Districts I. II]. II. IV. V. VI. — VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°, Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, British.
Cultivated ground and waste places; not infrequent. 7.
April-September.
Probably occurs throughout Ireland, though much rarer than
the preceding species to which, perhaps, not a few of the older
records should be referred.
Lamium.] LABIATA. 293

4. tL. album Linn.— White Dead-nettle.

Districts I. — II. IV. V. — VIL. — IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Roadsides, hedgerows, banks, &c.; rare, but locally
abundant. £7. April-September.

I. Cultivated ground near Blackrock (2. Wright): Annot. in
Flor, Cork. At Douglas (J. Sullivan): Cyd. Sparingly by the
Bandon river far from any garden, 1896; Phollips—III. Near
Maryborough, Queen’s Co.; Praeger. At Odogh, Kilkenny ; and—
IV. Enniscorthy, Wexford (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. Monart,
Wexford: Moffat 2889. Roadside at Clone near Ferns, Wexford,
1896; G. #. J. Greene. Near the bridge at Bray (Barrington) :
Ree. Add.—V. Glasnevin; Finglas, &.: Jr. Flor. Frequent in
Co. Dublin and locally abundant, as round Castleknock and Finglas,
and between Balbriggan and Balrothery, 1894; round Raheny,
1893, &c.; WV. C. Near Oldcastle, Meath (Moore); frequent near
Ballitore, Kildare (Carroll): Cyd. Common about Kilkea, Kildare
(J. Douglas); south shore of the Boyne below Drogheda; and
near the Hill of Tara, Meath (More): Rec. Add.—VII. Knock
Drin, Westmeath: Levinge 1894. Banks of the Inny at Finea,
Longford; Praeger.—IX. Near Sligo (J. Wynne): Cyb. At Boyle,
Roscommon; Praeger—X. Abundant near Clones, Monaghan ;
T. H. Corry. Plentiful about Dungannon, Tyrone, 1896; Mrs.
Leebody. Common in the limestone district of Co. Armagh:
Praeger 1893.—XI. Kilderry, Inishowen (W. #. Hart): Hart
1883.—XII. Frequent in north-east Ireland: Flor. N.-£.

5. L. Galeobdolon Crantz— Yellow Weasel-snout.

Galeobdoton luteum Huds.
Districts — — — IV. V. — VI. — — — — —
Lat. 523°-533. South-East, chiefly. Type, English.

Lowland. Woods and shady damp places; rare, but locally
abundant. 7. April—June.

IV. Common in the lower part of the Dargle, 1804: Zempleton
MS.—and in 1896; k.W.S. In the Powerscourt woods, Wicklow :
Mack. Cat. Near Enniscorthy (J. Morrison): Cyb—V. Among
bushes beyond Roper’s Rest: Threlkeld. In the wood at Luttrells-
town [ Woodlands]; and by hedges between Ballyboghil Bridge and
294 LABIATA. [ Lamium.

Ashtown, and near Cardiff’s Bridge: Wade Dubl. Near Rathfarn-
ham (Dr. Aquila Smith) ; near the Salmon Leap at Leixlip (Moore) ;
near Finglas (Rev. H. G. Carroll): Cyb. Kelly’s Glen on the
upper Dodder (W. Archer): Rec. Add. Near Tymon Castle,
Co. Dublin, 1890; near the old church at Artane, 1892; Miss A.
G. Kinahan. Near Drimnagh Castle, 1893; at Finglas, and very
abundant in the demesne at Lucan, 1894; near Santry, 1895 ;
abundant in Saint Catherine’s woods, 1896; glens above Saggard,
&e.; locally abundant in Co. Dublin; MW. C.—VII. Woods at
Lough Ennel, Mullingar, Westmeath (foot): Cyb.—not seen there
recently.

Chiefly in the southern half of County Dublin and the adjoining
parts of County Wicklow.

First recorded by Threlkeld, from near Dublin city, in 1727.

BALLOTA Linn.

1. ¢B. nigra Linn.— Black Horehound.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. — VII. — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. From South to North. Type, English.

Lowland. Hedge banks, roadsides, and waste places, usually
near houses; rare. F7. July-August.

I. Near Carrigaline, Cork: Drummond z8rg. Blackrock (Mr.
Alexander); and—II. Sunday’s Well; East Ferry ; Belvelly Castle,
Great Island: Flor. Cork. Ballyvodock, Midleton; Bridgetown
Abbey; near Mallow: Adlin’s Cori. Roadside at Labard, White-
gate; Phillips—III. Near Maryborough (Praeger): Ir. Nat.
1893.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Rosslare Point
and Rosslare, Wexford: Hart 1883 8.—V. “‘It grows in the
Church-yard at Crumlin and under the Hedges about Glasnevin”’ :
Threlkeld. Howth; Kilgobbin, &c.: Wade Dubl. Near Carrick-
mines, Dublin, 1887; Dr. McWeeney. Near Crumlin, 1892;
near Chapelizod and about Swords, 1893; well established at
Skerries, 1893-95; Balbriggan, &c.; frequent in Co. Dublin;
N.C. Near Timolin and Cookstown, Kildare (Carroll); near
Drogheda (J. B. Hamilton): Cyb—VII. Near Turin, Westmeath
(Miss #. Reynell): Cyb.—X. Belturbet, Cavan (Moore): Cyb.—
XI. Between Salthill and Ardnamona (Hart): Ree. Add.—
XII. Shore near Ardglass: Harris's Down 1744. Ballinderry and
roadside near Aghalee (Moore): Cyd. Hedges near Coleraine, an
Ballota. | LABIATA. 295

escape: Moore MS. Mill Bay and Killough Bay, Down (Stewart) ;
Ballycastle and Bushmills (Praeger); and in numerous other
stations in Antrim and Down: lor N.-#. and 8S. § P. 7895.
Much grown in cottage gardens and probably in all cases an
escape or outcast from cultivation.
The Irish plant is B. fetida (Lamk.). The variety B. ruderalis
( Sw.) has not, so far, been recorded for Ireland.

TEUCRIUM Linn.
1. T. Scordium Linn.— Water Germander.

Districts — — — — — VI. VII — IX. — — —
Lat. 523°-533°. Middle Ireland. Zype, Germanic-English.

Lowland. Rocky and gravelly lake shores, also by riversides ;
locally abundant. £7. July-August.

VI. On the banks of the Shannon near Limerick: A’ Zogh.
For several miles along the Shannon above and below Portumna
Bridge (Moore): Phytol. 1845, p. 129. Near the bridge at Portumna,
and thence along the west shore of Lough Derg, plentiful (Moore):
Cyb. Very abundant along the western shores of Lough Derg and
on the adjacent islands from Portumna, Galway, to Rineacrush
Point, Clare, 1896: WV. C. 7897. Edge of a small lake near Glan-
quin, Clare (P. B. O’ Kelly): Levinge 1894.—VII. Marshy grounds
near the bridge of Portumna, Tipperary : Mack. Rar. Very abun-
dant along the eastern shore of Lough Derg and on the adjacent
islands from Derry island to Ryan’s Point, Tipperary, 1896: WV. C.
7897. Abundant on the islands and shores of Lough Ree, and
below the bridge at Athlone on the banks of the Shannon: B. &V.
1887.—IX. Banks of the Shannon near Lanesborough fide I. B.
[Isaac Butler]: Annot. in Threlkeld. Banks of Lough Ree near
Knockroghery, Roscommon; &. Bayly.

Also recorded for District IT. in Smith's ‘‘Cork” and ‘‘ Water-
ford,” from the “ River Bride east of Castle Lyons” and from a
“‘ brookside between Lismore and Tallow, Waterford.” The plant
is again recorded from the Castle Lyons station by Wade (Plante
Rariores 1804), but as it has not recently been observed either
in Cork or Waterford it is to be feared that some mistake was
made.

Almost confined to the Shannon basin, where it occurs in great
profusion on the shores of Loughs Ree and Derg.
296 LABIAT A. [ Teucrium.

2. T. Scorodonia Linn.— Wood Sage.

Districts I. Il. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods, heaths, and bushy and stony places ; locally abundant.
Fi, July-August.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Donegal (Hart) ;
to 1400 ft. in Down (S. § P.); to 1600 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

A widespread species, yet absent over large areas.

AJUGA Linn.

1. A. reptans Linn.— Common Bugle.

Districts I. IJ. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods and damp shady places; rather common. 7, May-
June.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 650 ft. in Derry, to
1800 ft. in Queen’s Co., and to 1700 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

2. A. pyramidalis Linn.— Pyramidal Bugle.

Districts — — — — — VI. — — ~—~ ~—~ — —
Lat. 58°—58° 10’. Clare and Aran Isles only. Type, Scottish.

Lowland. Shady places in limestone rocks; very rare. i.
May-June.

VI. Sparingly near Kilronan, on the east side of the Great
Island of Aran in Galway Bay (Moore): Phytol. 1854, p. rg0 & Cyb.
One plant near Creggacareen, west of Kilronan, Aranmore island,
1892 (W. C.): Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 310. Sparingly by the new
coast road near Poulsallagh, south of Black Head, Clare: Foot 1864.
Near Poulsallagh, 1893; Dr. Lettch. In abundance near Ballyryan,
Clare, 1894 (P. B. O’ Kelly): B. Ex. C. Rep. 1895.

First found by David Moore, in Aranmore Island, in 1854.

‘With many other alpine or sub-alpine species, descends to, or
near to, sea-level at a low latitude in the Burren district of Clare.
Widespread in Scotland and often descending to low levels; but
not found south of latitude 543° in Great Britain. Sub-alpine in
Switzerland and Norway, where it ranges upwards to 5000 ft.
Plantago. | PLANTAGINEA. 297

ORDER LII.—PLANTAGINEA.

PLANTAGO Linn.

1. P. major Linn.— Way-bread.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures, waysides, and waste places; common. /¥. June—Aug.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Derry
(Hart); to 1600 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

Var. interment (Gilib)—I. Lake shore at Killarney: 2. W. 8.
z888.—Y. On the shore at Malahide, Dublin ; More.— XII. On the
shore of Lough Neagh at Crumlin waterfoot (Stewart): S. & P. 1895.

2. *P. media Linn.—Lamb’s Tongue.

Districts [I.] [II.] — — V. VI. — VIII. TX. X. XI. —

Lowland. “Pastures, banks, and waysides; rare. £7, June-Aug.

[I. Occasionally near Cork, as at Douglas, &c.: Allin’s Cork.—
IT. One plant on a lawn at Fota, Cork; Phillips. |—V. Abundantin
a field and on a furzy bank north of Straffan, Kildare (J. Douglas) :
Rec. Add. Tennis ground at Kingstown; &.W.S.—VI. Some
hundreds of plants in an old pasture near Ballycahill, Clare, 1888 ;
P. B. O Kelly.—VIII. Near Cong mill-pond; and—IX. Tennis
ground at Lisloughrey Mayo; Miss M. F. Jackson. Pasture near
Hollymount house, Mayo (More): Cyb. Roadside bank near Cliffony,
Sligo, 1896; V.C—xX. Lawn at Allan Rock, Dungannon, Tyrone;
Rev. 8S. A. Brenan.—XI. Near the house at Glenalla: Hart 2879.

Probably introduced with grass seed in all cases. Appears to
be naturalized in some of its stations and to be spreading in Ireland.

8. P. lanceolata Linn.—R7b-wort Plantain.

Mibernicé Sian wap (Slawn loos), Healing Plant.
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Pastures, waysides, waste places, &c.; common. 7. May-July.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft.in Derry, and
to 2250 ft. in Mayo (Hart).
298 PLANTAGINEA. [ Plantago.

4. P. maritima Linn.—Sea Plantain.

Districts I. II. Il]. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Muddy and rocky seashores; common. Also occurs occasionally
inland on mountains and lake shores. £7. June-September.

VI. Common on rocky pastures about Castle Taylor '(More) :
Cyd. On Yellow Island and Tlaunmore, Lough Derg: W. C.
z897.—VIII. Shores of Loughs Cullin and Conn, Mayo (More):
Cyb. South shore of Lough Mask: If § S. 7896.—IX. Shores of
Lough Carra, Mayo (More): Cyb. Plentiful on many of the cliffs
in Ben Bulben District: B. & V. 2885.—XII. On Carntogher,
Derry: Moore US.

Of the above inland stations, Ilaunmore, Lough Derg, is 25
miles, and Carntogher, 16 miles, from the nearest sea.

To 1500 ft. in Derry (Moore); to 1650 ft. in Donegal, and to
2600 ft. in Mayo (Hart).

5. P. Coronopus Linn.— Buck's Horn Plantain.

Districts I, II, III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures, banks, and rocks near the sea; common. Also on
basaltic cliffs. 27. June-August.

From sea-level to 1150 ft. in Derry (Hart).

LITTORELLA Berg.

1. L. lacustris Linn.—Shore-weed.

L. juncea Berg.
Districts I. IT. — IV. — VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. From South to North. TZywe, British.

Sandy or gravelly lake margins; frequent. £7. June-July.

Descends to 50 ft. in Antrim and to sea-level in 8. Cork.
Ascends to 1050 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1850 ft. in Down
(S.%P.); to 1900 ft. in Wicklow (¥. C.); to 1800 ft. in Galway,
and to 1850 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

More frequent in mountain than in lowland districts; but occurs
in many of the larger low-lying lakes, such as Loughs Ree and
Derg on the Shannon, Lough Erne, Lough Neagh, Lough Dere-
varagh, &c. Rare in the Kast.
Seleranthus. | ILLECEBRACE. 299

ORDER LITI.—ILLECEBRACEA.
SCLERANTHUS Linn.

1. ¢S. annuus Linn.— navel.

Districts I. II. — IV. Vi. — — — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. Type, British.

Lowland. Corn fields and waste places in sandy or gravelly
soils; local. #7. June-August.

I. At Glandore, and by the Bandon river east of Dunmanway :
Allin’s Cork. Roadside east of Skibbereen, 1896; R.W. S.—
II. Great Island: Flor. Cork, Fields near Blarney (R. Mills) :
Allin’s Cork.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow: Moore § More 2878.—
V. Between Baldoyle and Howth; and in and about the Black
Quarries on Tiernan’s Hill, Collon: Jr. Flor. Near Warren Lodge
and Kilbarrack, occasionally: Jor. Howth. On gravelly tracks at
Castle Kelly, Glenasmole, Co. Dublin: W. C. 2895.—X. Lurgan,
Co, Armagh: Hind 18s54.—XI. Roadside between Croaghross and
Rossnakill (Hart): Rec. Add.—XII. In great plenty: Harris's
Down r744. Rostrevor; Dundrum, Down; near Toome, Antrim;
Draperstown, Derry ; frequent in the North-East: Flor. N.-E.

Rare and uncertain in its appearances outside of District XII.

ORDER LIV.—CHENOPODIACEZ.

CHENOPODIUM Linn.

1. C. album Linn.— White Goose-foot.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Cultivated and waste land; common. J. July-September.

From sea-level to 1250 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

The forms of this variable species have been little studied in
Ireland. C. candicans (Lamk.), the typical form, appears to be the
most common, but C. viride (Linn.) is of frequent occurrence.
300 CHENOPODIACEZ. [ Chenopodium.

2. C. rubrum Linn.—Red Goose-foot.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. VII. — — — — —
Lat. 52°-534°. Southern half of Ireland. Type, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Moist ground and waste places, chiefly near the
sea; rare. JJ. August-September.

I. Akeragh and Rahaneen near Ardfert, and sparingly near
Ballybunnion, Kerry: &.W.8. 2888.—II. Spike Island, Cork
Harbour (Carroll): Cyb.—IV. Waste ground near the sea at
Raven Point, Wexford: Hart r88ra. Rosslare; Bar of the
Lough; and abundant on the Great Saltee Island, Wexford :
Hart 1883 B.—V. By the south bank of the Liffey at its mouth
(More) ; in several places from Howth to the Liffey mouth, and
on the coast near Balbriggan (Moore): Cyd. In Co. Dublin, by
Brittas ponds; wet ground by the Ward river near Chapelmidway ;
and by the canal at Hazelhatch: WV. C. 7893. Abundant in marshy
meadows below the railway bridge at Drogheda, and plentiful about
Baltray, Louth: Praeger 1897.—VI. On a turlough between
Newtown, Gort, and Loughmanna, Clare; P. B. O'Kelly. In
great abundance on the muddy margin of the lake at Port Couragh,
Aranmore Island: Praeger z895.—VII. Wet ground by the shores
of Lough Drin and Lough Derevaragh, Westmeath: Linton 1896.

Var. psevpo-sorrrom:s HH. C. Watson—I. Among stones at
east end of Derrymore island, Tralee Bay, Kerry: &. W. S. r888.—
II. Waste ground at Kilcoleman Castle, sparingly ( Carroll § Allin) :
Allin’s Cork.—IV. Rosslare sand-hills, Wexford: Marshall 1896.

3. *C, Bonus-Henricus Linn.—All-good.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. — XI. XT.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. ype, British-English.

Lowland. Roadsides and waste places near dwellings or ruins;
frequent. FJ. June-August.

I. At Kenmare and Killarney, but rare in Kerry; R.W.S. On
the Little Skelligs Rock, eight miles from the Kerry mainland
(Rev. A. Delap): Ir. Nat. 1893. Near Kinsale and Durrus:
Allin’s Cork, Well established near Bandon, 1897; Phdllips.—
IT. Roadside at Carrigtwohill: Flor. Cork z8g5—and in 1896;
Phillips. On the quays at Cork, 1889-97; R.W.S.  Castle-
townroche, 1897; Phillips.—IV. Old Connaught, Bray; More.
Chenopodium. | CHENOPODIACEA. ; 301

Fethard, Wexford: Hart 1883 8.—V. In the town of Glasnevin:
Threlkeld. Abundant about Balrothery near Balbriggan, 1894, and
not infrequent near hamlets and villages in Co. Dublin; WV. C.—
VI. Abundant in the barony of Tullagh, Clare: K’Eogh. At
Castle Taylor: More 2855.—VII. Near Multyfarnham, Westmeath :
Levinge 1894.—IX. Roadside near the Neale, and between Ballin-
robe and Creagh, Mayo; Miss I. F. Jackson. Roadside at Bally-
sodare, Sligo, 1896; WV. C_—XI. Plentiful in Culdaff village and
by roadsides to the south : Hart 7883.—XII. In numerous stations
in the North-East, but not common: Flor. N.-E. and S.§ P. 1895.
Long established in many places in the neighbourhood of old
churches and monasteries, but in all cases a relic of cultivation.

BETA Linn.

1. B. maritima Linn.— Sea-Beet.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British-English.
Rocky and gravelly sea-shores; frequent. £%. July-September.

ATRIPLEX Linn.

1. A. littoralis Linn.— Grass-leaved Sea-Orache.

Districts I. — — IV. V. VI. — — — — — XII.
Lat. 52°-542°. Coasts from South to North. Type, British.

Muddy seashores and salt marshes; local. £7. July-September.

I, Shores of Hop Island (Carroll): Cyb.—IV. Atthe mouth of
the river below Newtown Mountkennedy, Wicklow (Moore): Cyd.
Raven Point, Wexford: Hart 188ra. Tacumsin; Kilmore; and
Hook Head, Wexford: Hart 1883 B.—V. At the south-west side
of Howth: Wade Rar. 180g—still there in 1895; M.C. Near
the mill at Portmarnock, and near Balbriggan (Moore): Cyb. At
the extreme end of the North Bull, Dublin Bay, 1878; More.—
VI. Scattery island, Shannon estuary: Stewart 1890.—XII. Sea-
shore below Bangor, 1797 (Zempleton): Whitla US. Seashore near
Newcastle: Hind 1854. At Newcastle railway station, very rare:
S. & P. 1892. Between Belfast and Hollywood: Ball 1839.
Abundant on the Kinnegar of Hollywood, Down; at Macedon
Point and Kilroot, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
302 CHENOPODIACE A. [ Atriplex.

2. A. erecta Huds.— Upright Orache.

A. patula Linn.
Districts I. Il. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British.
Cultivated and waste ground; common. 7. July-September.
Var. ancusrrror1a (Smith)—Throughout Ireland and apparently
more common than the type.
Sea-level to 1250 ft. in Dublin (1. C.).

3. A. hastata Linn.—Halbert-leaved Orache.

A. patula Smith.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Cultivated and waste ground; frequent. £7. July-September.
Var. pevrorpna (Bab.). Recorded from the coasts of Dublin,
Wicklow, Waterford, Cork, Donegal, Derry, Antrim, and Down,
and probably occurs in all our maritime counties.

4, A. Babingtonii Woods—Babington’s Sea- Orache.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553° Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.
Gravelly and sandy seashores; common. 7. July-September.

5. A. farinosa Dum.— Mealy Sea- Orache.

A. arenaria Woods—A. laciniata Linn. in part.
Districts — — — — V. — — — — — — XI.
Lat. 583°-553°. East coast only. Zype, British—Local.

Sandy seashores; rare. 7. July-September.

V. Shore at Knockingen and Balbriggan: Yack. Rar. At the
Martello Tower below Sutton, and between Howth and Baldoyle:
fr. Flor.—not seen recently in these stations. Sandy shore at
Portrane and Gormanstown, and south bank of the estuary below
Drogheda, but quite rare (More): Rec. Add. Sands at the Boyne
mouth: Praeger 1897. Several plants at Lurgan Green, Louth,
1893; Cectl Butler. Skerries, 1892; D. McArdle.x—XII. Shore
of Island Magee, 1808; sands north of Newcastle, 1805; and sea-
shore a mile below Bangor: Templeton MS. Still on the shore
Atriplex. | CHENOPODIACEZ. 303

below Bangor at Ballyholme: Flor. N.-#. 7888. On the shore
near Newcastle: Butler z890. Hollywood and Groomsport, Down :
Flor, Belf. Shore south of Millisle, and still at Groomsport.
(Praeger): S.§ P. 7895. Seashore opposite Gunn’s Island, south
of Strangford, and sparingly north of Greencastle (Stewart): Flor.
NV.-£. Red Bay; Cushendun; and Bushfoot, Antrim (Praeger) :
B.N. F.C. Proc. 1892-93. Foraff, Antrim (Miss Knowles): 8. & P.
7895. Whitepark Bay, Antrim (Praeger § Carr): Ir. Nat. 1897.
Decreasing in Ireland, with many others of our littoral species.

6. A. portulacoides Linn.— Sea Purslane.

Obione portulacoides Moq.—Halimus portulacoides Wallr.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — — — [X.] — XII.
Lat. 52°-543°. South and East coasts, chiefly. Type, English.

Salt marshes and muddy seashores, also on sea cliffs ; locally
abundant. £7. July-September.

I. Near the exit of the river Mang [Maine ] not far from Calna-
fersy: Smith's Kerry. Coast between Dingle and Castlemaine
Bay (Moore): Cyb. Sparingly on the shore between Currabinny
and Ring, Cork, 1895; 2. W. S.—II. Marsh by the river at Ballina-
eurra: For. Cork. By the mouth of the Fanisk river, Youghal ;
at Knockadoon; and on the shore near Ahanesk: Allin’s Cork.
On rocks near Ballycotton, and plentiful in a salt marsh at Ros-
tellan, Cork (Carroll): Cyb. Strand at Cork Beg, 1896, and by
the estuary at Saleen; Phdllips. Strand at Tramore, Waterford
(Dr. Barker) : Tompleton MS. & Cyb. Salt marsh near Helvick
Head, Waterford, 1893; J #. Grubb.—IV. On an island rock a
little north of Cahore Point, Wexford: Hart z88za—V. Among
the rocks of Howth facing Dublin Bay, 1799: Zempleton US. At
the Martello Tower below Sutton: Jr. Flor. 7833—=still there on
clay banks and on a sea stack, 1896; Miss S. Colgan. Rocks at
the south side of Portrane and on the flat shore at the north end;
also on the south side of the estuary below Drogheda (More): Ree.
Add. At Laytown, Drogheda (Carroll): Cyb. In great profusion
near the head of the Rogerstown estuary, Co. Dublin, 1893; . C.
Salt marsh on the south side of Dundalk Bay: Templeton US.—
abundant here in 1896; Praeger. Salt marsh near Castle Belling-
ham, Louth: Butler z890.—VI. Rhyn Point near Ballyvaughan,
Clare, 1895; P. B. O’Kelly—t[X. A single plant near Narrow
‘Water, Co. Armagh: Praeger 1893. |—XII. Plentiful by the canal
304 CHENOPODIACE. [ Atriplex.

below Narrow Water Castle, Down (Stewart): B.N.F.C. Proc.

7882-83—abundant here from Newry to near Warrenpoint; plentiful

on the shore north of Dundrum, Down (2. Hanna): 8S. § P. 7895.
Very rare in the West and absent from the North.

SALICORNIA Linn.
1. 8. herbacea Linn.— Glass-wort.

Districts I. IL. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. KX. XI. XID
Lat. 513°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Muddy seashores; common. 7, August-September.

The Var. procumBens (Smith) is also of frequent occurrence.

SUADA Forsk.
1. S. maritima Dum.—Sea Blite.

Chenopodina maritima Moq.—Schoberia maritima Mey.
Districts I. If. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.
By the sea in muddy and rocky places; frequent. #7. July—Sept.
To nearly 500 ft. on the Tearaght Rock, Kerry: Barrington 1881.

SALSOLA Linn.
1. §. Kali Linn.—Salt-wort,

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Coasts of all Ireland. Zype, British-English.
Sandy sea-shores; frequent. #7. July-August.

ORDER LV.—POLYGONACEZ.

POLYGONUM Linn.

1. P. Convolvulus Linn.— Black Bindweed.

‘Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.
Cultivated ground and waste places; frequent. 27. July—Sept.
Sea-level in Donegal and Cork. To 950 ft, in Dublin (W. C.).
Polygonum. | POLYGONACEA, 305

2. P. aviculare Linn.—Knot-grass.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X, XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°, Throughout Ireland. ype, British.
Fields, waysides, &c.; common. 7. June-September.
Sea-level in Donegal and Cork. To 950 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.).
A very variable species, the different forms of which have been
little studied in Ireland. The varieties t1rroRaLE (Zink), ARENASTRUM
(Bor.), and rugrvacum (Jord,) have been recorded for Co. Down, and
-are probably frequent throughout Ireland.

8. P. Raii Bab.—Ray’s Sea Knot-grass.

P. Roberti Loisel.
Districts I, Il. — IV. V. VI. — VIII — — XI. XII
Lat. 512°-554°. Coasts of all Ireland, probably, Type, British.

Sandy sea-shores; not infrequent. 7. August-September.

I. Below Camp on the Dingle promontory, Kerry: Hart 2884.
‘Sandy point near Ardgroom harbour, Cork (More): Rec. Add.—
II. Ballycotton, and Ring Point, Youghal (as P. maritimum) : Flor.
Cork. Frequent on the Waterford coast: Cyb. §& Hart 1883 B.—
IV. On the shore of the Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.
Wexford coast, at Hook Head; Greenore; and Sandeel Bay: Hart
4883 B.—V. Killiney Bay (as P. maritimum): Brit. Flor. 1842.
Not infrequent on the coast of Co. Dublin: Cyb.: Flor. Howth, Se.
Shore south of Gormanstown (More): Rec. Add.—VI. Near
Kilronan, Aranmore Island: Olwer 185z. In Co. Clare, at Miltown
Malbay (Prof. Harvey); and at Lahinch (C. Carter): Cyb.—
VIII. On the coast near Galway (Prof. Graham): Cyb.—XI. and
XII. Not infrequent on the coasts of Donegal, Antrim, and Down.

Some of the above records are probably referable to the Var.
ARENASTRUM of the preceding species.

4, P. Hydropiper Linn.— Biting Persicaria.

Hibernicé Siuineaé cert ( Gloon-yack-tchat), Hot Kneed-plant.
Districts I, IT. IMI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI, XIL
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British,
Watery places and damp waste ground; common. 7, August—
September. Caleifuge A,
x
806 POLYGONACEA. [Polygonum..

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 900 ft. in Donegal, and to
1500 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

An abundant species in non-calcareous soils, but rare or absent
over large areas. é

5. P. minus Huds.— Narrow-leaved Persicaria.

Districts I. IJ. II. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, English.

Lowland. Damp, boggy, or gravelly places; rare. £7. July—
September.

I. Shore of Ross Bay, Lower Lake, Killarney: &.W. 8S. 1888.
Ballincollig Castle near Cork (Carroll): Cyb.—II. Near Cork
(Drummond): Flor. Cork.—III. Wet hollows on the Great Heath
of Maryborough, Queen’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—IV. Near Ennis-
kerry (J. Ball): Cyb—vV. Near Roberstown, Kildare (Moore) :
Cyb.—VI. About Tuam, Co. Galway : Jr. #lor.—VIII. and IX. On
the shores of Lough Cullin, Mayo (More): Cyb.—IX. Near Sligo.
(J. Wynne): Cyb.—X. Shores of Castleblayney Lake at Church
Hill, Monaghan, 1805: Templeton MS. Sparingly at Gubbaroe
Point, Kesh, Lough Erne: Barrington 188g. In Co. Armagh, by
the canal between Scarva and Tanderagee (Stewart); shores of
Clay Lake near Keady, and of Lough Neagh at Raughlan Point:
Praeger 1893. Plentiful on the shore of Virginia water, Cavan:
Praeger 1897.—XI. Near Malin Well, and between Gweedore and
Dunglow (Dickie): Flor. Ulst— XII. Ballygowan Lake, Down,
1807: Zempleton MS. Sparingly by the Bann above the Cutts,
Co. Derry: Moore MS. Abundant by Mon Lough, Down (Stewart):
Cyb. Downpatrick, and by the Newry canal (Stewart); Ballyna-
hinch, and by the lake at Clandeboye (Praeger): Flor. N.-E.

Often confounded with the preceding species and perhaps.
frequent throughout Ireland.

6. P. mite Schrank—Wild Persicaria.

Districts — — — — — — ~—~ ~—~ ~—~ X ~~ —
Lat. 533°. Co. Cavan only. Type, Germanic.

Lowland. Stony lake shores; very rare. £7. August—Sept.

X. On the stony shores of Lough Ramor, growing with
P. minus: Praeger 1897.

Mr. Praeger’s locality is, so far, the only one known for Ireland.
Polygonum. | POLYGONACE. 807

7. P. Persicaria Linn.—Spotted Persicaria.

Mibernicé Sluneaé oeans (gloon-yack dharrig), Red Kneed-Plant.
Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI, XI.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Waste and damp ground, and cultivated fields; common. 7.
J une-September.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1250 ft. in Dublin
(XW. C.).

8. P. lapathifolium Linn.— Glandular Persicaria.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 52°-552°. From South to North. Type, British—English.
Lowland. Cultivated ground, especially in peaty soil; frequent.
Fl, Faly-September.
Not always distinguished from coarse forms of the preceding
species and probably occurs throughout Ireland.

PL. maculatum Trimen & Dyer.

P. nodosum Reichb.—P. laxum Bab.
Districts I. — ITI. IV. — — — — — — — XII.
Lowland. Damp gravelly places ; rare (?). 7. July-September,
I. Ballincollig, Cork, 1858 (Carroll): Herb. Babington.—
III. A few plants on a rubbish heap at Ferrybank, Kilkenny :
M. § S. 1896.—IV. One plant on the quay at Wexford: Marshall
1896.—XII. Marshy fields north of Dundrum, Co. Down, 1894
(Rev. C. H. Waddell): Ir. Nat. 1895.
Further observation may be expected to show that this critical
plant is frequent in Ireland.

9. P. amphibium Linn.— Water Bistort.

Districts I. IJ. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Lowland. Lakes, ponds, ditches, and slow streams, also on
damp ground; frequent. 7, July-September.
The Var. renREstre (Leers) occurs very frequently.
x2
308 POLYGONACEZ. [ Polygonum.

10. {P. Bistorta Linn.—Snake-weed.

Districts [I.] [II.] II. — [V.] VI. — — [1X.] X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-55°. From South to North. Type, British-Intermediate.
Lowland. Moist pastures; very rare. FU. June-September.

[I. In Sir T. Denny’s Park near Tralee : Smith's Kerry.
Field near Ballylickey, Bantry (Miss Hutchins): Mack. Rar.—
II. Near Lismore and Tallow on the hill of Slatwood: Smth’s
Waterford. |—I11. In Captain Mitchell’s ground by the brook near
Stradbally, 1732: Annot. in Threlkeld. In a damp meadow by the
river at Stradbally, Queen’s Co. (Z. Chandiee): Cyb.—probably the
same locality as the preceding. A common weed in an old meadow
by the Barrow between Carlow and Maganey: Hart 1885.—
[V. In a field at Ashtown near Monkstown: Mack. Cat. ].—
VI. Banks of the Suck near Ballinasloe: Fvot 1865.—[IX. Road-
side a little south of the town of Sligo: Flor. Ulst.|—X. Near
Milltown, Tyrone (Admiral Jones): Cyb. In a damp meadow near
Ely Lodge, Lough Erne, probably an escape: Barrington 1884.—
XI. Castle Wray, Letterkenny (Dean Gwynn): Hart 1881 B. By
the Reelan Water above Reelan Bridge ; Mrs. Leebody.— XII. Plen-
tiful on limestone about Springhill, near Moneymore, Derry:
Moore MS. In the meadows near the old castle at Shane’s Castle,
Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Abundant on the lawn at Kilwaughter
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E£. Shore of Lough Neagh at Langford Lodge,
Antrim (Rev. H. W. Lett): S.& P. 1895.

Formerly much cultivated and apparently introduced in all of
its stations, though naturalized in some. Not recently recorded for
Districts I. II. V. and IX. where it probably occurred as a casual
only.

11. P. viviparum Linn.— Alpine Bistort,

Districts I. — — — — — — — IX. — XI. ~—
Lat. 52}°-55}°, Kerry, Sligo, and Donegal. Type, Highland.
Mountain pastures and wet rocks; very rare. 27. June—July.
I. Pierasmore ridge, Brandon, Kerry : Hart z88z.—IX. On the
northern declivity of Ben Bulben, 1826: Murphy z82g—and in
1884: B.gV. 2885. Glenade (Admiral Jones): Cyb. Talus of Ben
Whisken (C. Dickson): Corry 1884.—XI. Near the top of Bulbein
mountain, Inishowen: Hart 1880, Slieve League; Hart 1885 y.
Polygonum. | POLYGONACEZ. 809

From 1310 to 1500 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 500-1200 ft. in
Sligo (B.§V.); to 2380 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

First found in Ireland by Edmund Murphy, on Ben Bulben, in
1826.

12. ¢P. saggitifolium Linn. —Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb.

Districts I —~ — — — — — — — — ~— —

Boggy ground and moist places; very rare. 7. July-August.

I. Abundant in the stony bed of a small stream at Castle Cove,
east of Derrynane, Kerry, 1889 (as P. arifolium Linn): R.W.S.
z890. In a boggy hollow a mile north of, and inland from, the
preceding station, 1892; &.W.S. Very abundant over an area of
more than 12 acres close to the latter station, quite filling the
ditches, bog-drains, &c., 1894; R.W.S. and H. Synnott. Still
abundant but not spreading, 1896; A#.W.S.

An annual, strongly prickly species of slender growth, common
in low grounds in the northern United States. The proper standing
of this plant in the Irish flora is most difficult to determine.
While its hard seeds would no doubt lend themselves rather readily
to introduction with ballast or grain, the Kerry locality is remote
from any of the stations usually affected by aliens, such as harbours,
towns, or railway lines. The plant, moreover, is without any
beauty or utility which might suggest its intentional introduction.
Yet, with our present knowledge of its distribution in Ireland, it
cannot be accepted as native, and it seems best to regard it as an
alien introduced by some accidental means and now fully established
in a wild locality.

OXYRIA Hill.
1. 0. digyna Hil— Mountain Sorrel.

O. reniformis Hook.
Districts I. TI. — — — — — VIII. IX. — XI. —
Lat. 52°-55°. From South to North. Zype, Highland.

Wet mountain cliffs; rare. #7. July-August.

I. On the cliffs upon the highest of the Magillicuddy’s Reeks,
and Brandon mountain, Kerry, 1804-5: Mack. Rar. In most of
the upper gullies of Carrantuohil: Hart 7882. Abundant on
Brandon mountain, 1885; 4. C. Connor Hill near Dingle (Moore) ;
on Mangerton (Carroll): Cyb. Coomasaharn mountains near
310 POLYGONACEA. [ Oxyria.

Rossbeigh, and on most of the higher Kerry mountains; &.W. 8.
II. Near the summit of Galtymore, Tipperary: Mack. Rar.—and
in 1880: Hart z88zr.—VIII. On Lettery mountain, Ballinahinch :
Wade Gallovid. Near the summit of Mweelrea, 1838: Mack. App.
to Fraser. In Co. Mayo, on Mweelrea; Bengorm; and Croagh-
patrick ; in Galway, on Muckanaght, Twelve Bens: Hart 1883 a.—
IX. At the edge of the precipice, Ben Bulben, 1815: Templeton
Journal. On the north face of Ben Bulben; on Ben Whisken ; at
Annacoona, &.: B.§V. 2885. On Lug-na-gall mountain, Glencar,
Sligo: WV. C. z896.—XI. Poisoned Glen, Dunlewy: Hart 7879.
Sleve League: Hart 1885 y. Slieve Snacht West, 1885; WV. C.

Descends to 550 ft. in Kerry (Hart § N.C.). From 900 to
1800 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 1200-1950 ft. in Sligo (B. &V7.);
1470-2400 ft. in Mayo, 1500-2600 ft. in Tipperary, and 550-
3150 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

First found by Wade, on Ben Lettery, in 1801.

Confined to West Ireland and nowhere, save in its Galtymore
station, occurs at a greater distance than twelve miles from the coast.

RUMEX Linn.

1, R. conglomeratus Murr.—Sharp-leaved Dock.

‘Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
‘Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland (?). Waysides, waste places, fields, &c. ; common.
Fl. June-August.

2. R. nemorosus Schrad.— Wood Dock.

&. viridis Sibth.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British~English.
Lowland (?). Shady, damp places; common. Fi. June-August.
The typical 2. sangwineus (Linn.), distinguished from 2.
nemorosus (Schrad.) by its red leaf-veins, appears to be very rare
and has been reported only from the following stations :—I. In an
old garden at Blackrock; and—II. Great Island, Cork: Flor.
Cork.—V. Near Donabate, Co. Dublin, 1895; Praeger.—VI. At
Castle Taylor: More 72855.—XII. Near Ballycastle, Antrim :
S.$ P. 1895.
. Rumex. | POLYGONACE.A. 311

3. R. maritimus Linn.— Golden Dock.

Districts — II. — IV. Ve — — —~ — — — —
Lat. 52°-533°. . South and East. Zype, English.

Boggy ground; very rare. £7. July—August.

II. Sparingly by a bog at Kilcoleman (Rev. ZT. Allin): Ree.
Add. Sparingly on waste ground, Kilcoleman (Carroll): Allin’s
Cork.—IV. Plentiful at Lady’s Island Lake, Wexford: Hart
1883 8.—V. Abundant in a bog near Garristown, Co. Dublin
(L. Ogilby §& Moore): Cyb. Abundant for two or three miles by the
stream at Garristown bog, 1882-83: Flor. Howth App.

Also recorded from near Clay Castle, Youghal (Mack. Cat.) and
bogs near Ballycotton (#or. Cork), but it has not been found
recently in either station.

4. {R. pulcher Linn.—Piddle Dock.

Districts I. IT. — [IV.] [VJ — — — — — — —
Lat. 514°-533°. South and East. Zype, English.
Waste gravelly places and roadsides ; very rare. £7. July—Aug.
J. Abundant about Friar’s Walk, Cork (Drummond): Mack.
Cat. On Cape Clear Island; plentiful on both sides of the village
of Baltimore, and by the roadside a mile north of it, 1897 ; Phallips.—
_II. At Whitegate; at Cork Beg; on roadside between Whitegate
and Fort Carlisle, Cork: Phillips 7895. Abundant in the town of
Youghal, 1896; R. W. S. & Phillips.—[IV. By the harbour at Bray,
1867-72 (Moore): Rec. Add.—V. Between Kingstown and Dalkey :
Ir. Flor. Near Dunleary, &.: Flor. Hib. Sparingly near Bullock
harbour (More): Cyb. Very sparingly on the shore at Baldoyle,
1868 (More): Rec. Add.—not seen recently in Districts IV. or V.].
Probably introduced in all its stations; thoroughly established
in County Cork only.

5. R. obtusifolius Linn.— Broad-leaved Dock.

ibernicé Copoge pparde (Copp-dge srawd-yé), Roadside leaf.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XT. XIT.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Waysides, waste places, damp meadows, &c.; common. 7.
- July-September.
312 POLYGONACEZ. [ Rumen.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Derry
(Hart) ; to 1350 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.).

6. B. crispus Linn.—Curled Dock.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XL XI.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Waysides, waste places, fields, seashores, &c.; common.
Fi, June-August.

Sea-level in Antrim and Cork. To 1250 ft. in Dublin (W. C.)..

Vor. vRigrancLatus Syme—V. Howth; Skerries, &c. ; frequent
on gravelly and sandy seashores in Co. Dublin; W. C._—Probably
occurs all round the Irish coasts.

Var. acorus (Linn.)—R. crispus x obtustfolius —VII. Knock
Drin, Westmeath: Linton 2896.

7. R. Hydrolapathum Huds.— Water Dock.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Banks of rivers, lakes, and ditches; local. %..
July-August.

I. Lough Gill, Castlegregory: Hart 1884. Frequent in the
marshes about Kinsale, Iniskeen and in the river Bandon: Smith’s.
Cork. Near Skibbereen; at Garretstown; near the Warren,
Rosscarbery: -Adiin’s Cork. Kilkern Castle near Castlefreke,
1891; Phillips.—II. Near Doneraile: Smith’s Cork. Ballycotton
Bog (Carroll): Allin’s Cork, Inch bog near Power Head, Cork,
1896; Phillips. Near Castle Widenham, Castletownroche, 1897 ;.
W. H. Shaw. Near Passage: Smith’s Waterford. Clonee, Water-
ford: Wade Rar. r80g—and in 1883: Hart 18838. By the
Blackwater above Cappoquin, Waterford: Hart 2885 8.—III. By
the rivers Slaney, Nore, and Barrow, in Carlow and Kilkenny :
Hart z88zra, §e.—IV. Plentiful in ditches on the Murrough of
Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Not infrequent in Co. Wexford.—V. In
Co. Dublin, near Malahide (More); between Raheny and Baldoyle.
(Moore): Cyb. By the Broad Meadow Water near Rowlestown,
Co. Dublin, 1894; WV. C. Plentiful in a marsh by the Barrow
above Athy, Kildare: Hart 1885.—VI. Near the bridge of Ballina-
sloe: Wade Rar. Near Ennis, Clare: Corry r880.—VII. Bog by
the Killaloe railway east of O’Brien’s Bridge, Tipperary (0. B.
Rumex. | POLYGONACE. 313

Barrington): Hart 188ry. North-west of Lough Owel, West-
meath: Levinge 1894. By the river Inny, and at Derrymacar,
Longford: B.& V. 7887. At Mullingar; Dr. B. P. Wright.—
VIII. Westport, Mayo (Babington): Cyb.—IX. Clooneigh river,
Lough Ree, Roscommon: 2B. & V. 1887.—X. Banks of Lough
Erne: Flor. Hib.—XI. Right bank of the Erne between Bally-
shannon and Belleek: Hart 2885 y.—XII. In several stations in
Antrim, Down, and Derry, and especially abundant in the marshes
at Downpatrick: Flor. N.-E. and S. §& P. 2895.

8. R. Acetosa Linn.— Common Sorrel.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Damp shady places, pastures, &c.; common. FJ. June-August.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 2460 ft. in Donegal (Vor.
Uist.) ; to 2796 ft. in Down (S. & P.); to 8000 ft. in Wicklow and
Tipperary, and to 3414 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

9. R. Acetosella Linn.—Sheep’s Sorrel.

Mibernicé Satnad caopa (Samvah-kweerah), Sheep’s Sorrel.
Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Sandy and peaty ground; common. 7. June-Aug. Calcifuge A.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2460 ft. in Donegal,
to 2790 ft. in Down, to 3000 ft. in Wicklow and Tipperary, and to
3414 ft. in Kerry (Hart). ‘

A characteristic species on naked mountain tops throughout
Ireland.

ORDER LVI.—EUPHORBIACEZ.

EUPHORBIA Linn.

1. E. Helioscopia Linn.—Sun Spurge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Cultivated land; rather common. 7. June—-September.
Sea-level to 950 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).
314 EUPHORBIACEZ. { Euphorbia.

2. BE. hiberna Linn.—ZJrish Spurge.

Tithymalus hibernicus (How’s Phytologia).

Hibernicé Damne caom (Bann-yé kweean), Mild Milk (?) (ironical).
Districts I. I. — — — VI. — VIII. [1X.] — XI —
Lat. 514°-55°. South and West. Type, Local-Atlantic.

Woods, thickets, hilly pastures, and rocky places; locally
abundant. 7. April-June.

I. Common on the mountains of Kerry: Smith’s Kerry. It
grows in immense quantities on the public road between Cork and
Killarney, and all about Killarney: Wade Rar. Glens north of
Castleisland; abundant along the rivers Feale and Smerlagh;
abundant in S. Kerry, less frequent in the north: &.W.S.
1889 &-gz. Found in great plenty all over the county [Cork]:
Smith’s Cork. Baltimore; Mizen Head; and Cape Clear Island,
1896; and—II. Abundant from Cork to within a few miles of
Mallow, 1897; Phillips. Frequent in woods and along streams
near Fermoy (Z. Chandlee), extending east to the valley of the Nier
and Cappoquin, Waterford (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb. Colligan glen
near Dungarvan, Waterford, 1880 (J. Britten): Hart 1885 3.—
VI. It grows abundantly near Anakirk in the county of Limerick :
K’ Eogh 1736. At Adare, Co. Limerick: More in htt. 1884.
. Abundant along the river at Abbeyfeale, Limerick: &.W. S. 18g1.
At Derryea,,about a mile from Chevy Chase, south-east of Gort,

Co. Galway, and abundant by the side of the stream in Chevy
' Chase: Hart 2873.—VIII. Plentiful at the landing place on
Inishturk Island (W. Mae Millan): More 7873.,—[IX. On Slieve
Bane, Roscommon: Brown Faseieulus—not since recorded for this
district. |—XI. ‘‘ Walk’d about a mile up the side of the River at
Dunrea—Luphorbia hyberna grows in great abundance, May 31st
1800”: Brown MS. For about 100 yards along the Dunrea river
near Buncrana, 1891, found by J. Hunter: Mart, Journ. of Bot.r8gr.
Among rocks and bushes on the south side of the Poisoned Glen,
Dunlewy, in no great quantity, 1867 (VV. Moore): Rec. Add.

Sea-level to 1800 ft. in Kerry (Hart). ;

Very abundant in Cork and South Kerry, becoming much rarer
towards the North. In Donegal the plant attains its extreme
northern limit for Europe, ranging here fully eight degrees of
latitude northward of its most northern station on the Continent and
five degrees northward of its only British station in North Devon.
Euphorbia. | EUPHORBIACEZ. 815

Known as Irish to How, in whose Phytologia Britannica, 1650,
it appears, without any locality, under the name, Tithymalus
habernicus. Itis also mentioned in Ray’s Synopsts, 1696, as found 27
Aibernid, but the earliest definite Irish locality published appears to
be that of K’Eogh for county Limerick, 1736. K’Eogh’s locality,
Anakirk, is perhaps Rinekirk on the Maigue river below Adare.

3. tE. amygdaloides Linn.— Wood Spurge.

Districts I. — — — — — — — — — [XI] —
Lat. 512°-55°(?). In Cork [and Donegal] only. Type, English.

‘Woods and thickets; very rare. 7. April-May.

I. By the river in the park at Castle Bernard near Bandon,
Cork: Drummond 181g. Freely in Dunderrow wood; on the
Bandon river 8 or 9 miles below Castle Bernard Park; and at
Roughwood or Bullen’s Wood, 3 miles from Kinsale: Allin
1874.—[ XI. Extremely rare in Glenalla woods, where it has been
known as wild for upwards of twenty years: Hart 1879. |

A single plant was also observed growing for some years on the
site of a former wood near Springhill, Enniscorthy (Rec. Add.). It
is only along the Bandon river that the plant can be regarded as
native or, at all events, fully naturalized.

4. E. Paralias Linn.—Sea Spurge.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. — — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland, probably. Type, Atlantic-
English.

Sandy seashores; local. £7. June-August.

I., IL., IV., and V. Frequent on the coasts of Kerry, Cork,
Waterford, Wexford, Wicklow, and Dublin.—VI. Very plentiful
on the South Isles of Aran: Mack. Rar. Near Ballyvaughan,
Clare, 1895; and—-VIII. Near Inveran, Iar Connaught, 1895;
NV. C.—XI. In Fanet, Donegal; Hart.—XII. Not uncommon in
north-east Ireland: Flor. WV.-£.

5. E. portlandica Linn.—Portland Spurge.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Coasts from South to North. Type, Atlantic.
Rocky and sandy sea-coasts; local. 7%. May-July.
316 EUPHORBIACEZ. [ Luphorbia.

I., IL, IV., and V. Frequent on the coasts of Kerry, Cork,
Waterford, Wexford, Wicklow, and Dublin—VI. Aranmore and
Inishmaan, Aran Isles: Hart 2&875.—XI. Horn Head; Tramore
sand-hills; near Marble Hall: Hart 7880. Bottom shore, and
Melmore Point, Fanet; sand-hills south of Carrickfad; north-west
of Ballyshannon; between Ballyshannon and Bundoran: Hart 1879
§ 1885 y.—XII. At Greencastle: Jr. Flor, Sparingly north of
Greencastle, also at Ballykinler and occasionally to Rathmullen,
Down; at Portrush, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Apparently rare in the West, and not yet recorded for Galway,
Mayo, Sligo, or Derry.

6. E. Peplus Linn.—Petty Spurge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Cultivated ground and waste places; rather common.
Fil, Fuly-August.

7. E. exigua Linn.— Dwarf Spurge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XIU.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, English-
British.

Lowland. Cultivated ground in light soils; frequent and
locally abundant. 7. June-August.

Much rarer than the other agrestal spurges, E. Helioscopia and
E. Peplus. Not yet recorded for Kerry, West Galway, Mayo, or
Sligo.

MERCURIALIS Linn.
1. ¢ M. perennis Linn.—Dog’s Mercury.

Districts — II. III. — V. VI. VII. — IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-554°. Middle to North. Type, British.

Lowland. Woods and bushy places; rare. FV. April-May.

II. Abundant in one spot in Castle Widenham demesne, Castle-
townroche, 1897; Phellips.—III. Abundant on the right bank of
the Erkina river below Durrow, Queens’s Co.: Hart 18858. Near
Cuffsboro, Abbeyleix, Queen’s Co., 1887; R. P. Vowell.—vV. Hedges
near Finglas: Wade Dubl. 1794. In considerable quantity on a
Mereurialis. | EUPHORBIACEA. 317

shady ditch bank and by hedgerows near Finglas, 1893; WV. C.—
VI. In the Kieber Pass, south of Bell Harbour in Burren, Clare
(Ff. J. Foot): Cyb. Sparingly at Deelan More, and in considerable
quantity at Deelan Beg and Gortyclare, Co. Clare, 1896; P. B.
O’ Kelly. VII. Common in the woody grounds about Parsonstown :
Lr, Flor. & (Moore): Cyb.—IX. Two large patches at Hazelwood,
Sligo (J. Wynne): Cyb.—X. Several large patches by the Cusher
river, Tanderagee, lower demesne, Armagh; also in many spots in
the lower demesne: Praeger 1893—observed here some 380 years
previously by Rev. G. Robinson, and erroneously recorded as for
Tartaraghan in Cyd. Glasslough, Co. Monaghan (Miss Young) :
Hart 1885 8.—XII. In Co. Antrim, in Altaferna Glen near Bally-
castle (Moore); and Langford Lodge near Crumlin, Lough Neagh
(Miss Maffett): Cyb. Still very abundant at Langford Lodge
(Praeger); in quantity on the Dane’s Cast close to Scarva House,
Down (Rev. H.W. Lett): 8.& P. 1895. By the river at Glynn
near Larne, Antrim (Rev. G. Robinson); glen near Loughbrickland,
Down (Rev. H. W. Lett): Flor. N.-L.
Doubtfully native in all of its Irish stations.

2. {M. annua Linn.—French Mercury.

Districts I. IL. WI. — V. VIE — — — — — —
Lat. 51$°-532°, Southern half of Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Cultivated land and waste places; local. #7. June—
August.

I. On the shore near Beal Castle, plentifully : Smith's Kerry.—
not seen recently in Kerry. By the Lough, Cork: Jor. Cork
r8g5—and still there in 1896; Phellips, In some quantity in
waste ground and in potato fields at the west end of Baltimore
village, 1888-92; C. Longfield—II. At Sunday’s Well: Flor.
Cork 1845. Abundant at Sunday’s Well and at Tivoli, 1896;
Phillips. Very sparingly at Youghal: Allin’s Cork. In the
ground of Newtown school, Waterford ; Miss S. Grubb.— III. Abun-
dant in potato fields near Kilkenny (J. Sim): Cyd.—V. Plentifully
in cultivated ground and on rubbish in Dublin: Wade Dubl,
Frequent in gardens and cultivated ground in the suburbs of
Dublin, and extending north to Howth, south to Merrion, and west
to Blanchardstown, 1895; NW. C.—VI. Ennis, Co. Clare: Corry
1880.

More abundant in the neighbourhood of Dublin than elsewhere
in Ireland, but perhaps introduced in all its stations.
318 URTICACEA. [ Ulmus.

ORDER LVII.—URTICACEE.

ULMUS Linn.

1. ¢U. montana With.— Wych Elm.
Districts — — — — — — — — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 543°-553°. North Ireland. Type, British.

Woods, hedges, and riversides; rare in the wild state. 7.
March—April.

XI. Apparently native about Brown Hall and in the limestone
glens of Moynalt near Laghy: Hart 1886.—XII. ‘In Colin Glen,
&c., produces young seedlings; in the glen of the Roe river above
Limavady”: Zempleton MS. Glenarm Deer Park, and other glens.
in Antrim (If. Thompson): Flor. Ulst. Frequent in the northern
glens of Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Frequent in the North-East in
woods and glens, and on river banks, ‘‘ It is difficult to distinguish
the native from the introduced localities, . . . but it seems certainly
wild in many glens”: Mor. N.-£.

Planted throughout Ireland and nowhere appearing native or
thoroughly naturalized save in Districts XI. & XII.

HUMULUS Linn.
1. *H. Lupulus Linn.— Hop.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XIU.
Lat. 514°-548°. From South to North. Type, British.

Lowland. Hedges, waysides, and rocky places; rare. FY. July.

I. Near the Abbey of Killagh: Smith’s Kerry. Sparingly in
hedges near Waterville and Killorglin, Kerry; R.W.S. At Timo-
league (Drummond): Flor. Cork. Glandore and Blind Harbour:
Allin’s Cork. By the side of fields near Schull, 1884; Phillips —
Il. Near Fermoy (Z. Chandlee); Ardmore, Waterford (Carroll) :.
Cyb.— III. Between Cullenagh and Stradbally, Queen’s Co. : Mack.
Rar. Attanna and Togher, Queen’s Co. (Rev. 8. Madden); near
Gaul’s Mills, Kilkenny (7. Chandlee): Cyb—IV. Near the shore
at Kilmuckridge, Wexford: Hart 788ra. Sandbanks at Kiltennel
near Courtown, Wexford ; Miss Farmer. At Ballinaclash, Wexford,
1873-95; G. #. J. Greene.—V. Along the river Barrow between
Bert and Athy: Jr. Flor. Hedges and waste ground at Drumleck :
Humulus.) URTICACEA. 319

Flor. Howth. Hedges near the ruins of Tymon Castle, Co. Dublin,
1882-97; MW. C.—VI. Old walls at the west end of Corofin, Clare :
Wade Rar. In the South Isles of Aran, among the limestone
rocks, 1805: Mack Rar. In several parts of Aranmore, near
ruins: Hart 1875. Near Bunratty Castle, Clare, 1851: O’ Mahony
r86o. Abundant on old walls near Ennis, Clare: Corry 1880.—
VII. Hedges near Nenagh, Tipperary: Mack. Rar. Near Birr, in
Tipperary: Wade Rar. Killough Bridge and near Ardfinnan on
the Suir: Maré 1885a.—IX. On an island at Rockingham,
Roscommon (Rev. S. Madden); near the old abbey of Mayo (Prof.
Melville) ; near Foxford, Mayo (More); plentiful by roadsides near
Sligo (Moore): Cyb.—X. Hedges near the Callan river west of
Loughgall, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. Near Carrick: Hart
1886.—XII. About the ruins of Grey Abbey, Down: Jr. Flor.
By a rivulet from Ballymenock to the sea (/ Whitla); es-
capes from cultivation, not established in the North-East: Flor.
N.-E.

Chiefly in the neighbourhood of ruins and long established in
many stations, but in all cases an obvious relic of cultivation.

URTICA Linn.
1. U. dioica Linn.— Great Nettle.

Hibernicé Neans65 (Nyan-thoge).
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British. 2

Hedges, waste places, roadsides, foot of walls, &c.; common.
Fl, Fane-September.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Derry
(Hart); to 1500 ft. in Dublin (MW. C.).

Of this species Threlkeld (Synopsis) quaintly says :—‘‘ It may
be felt everywhere.”

2. U. urens Linn.—Small Nettle.

Districts I. I. TI. IV. V. VI. VIT. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Waste places and cultivated land; frequent. 7. June—Sept.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 750 ft. in Dublin
(MW. ¢.).
320 URTICACEA. [ Parietaria.

PARIETARIA Linn.
1. P. officinalis Linn.— Wall Pellitory.

P. diffusa Koch.
Districts I. IJ. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Lowland, Old walls, also on rocks; frequent. 7. June—
September. ;
Often abundant near the sea; usually rare in inland stations.

ORDER LVITI.—MYRICACEZE.

MYRICA Linn.
1. M. Gale Linn.— Bog Uyrile.

Mibernicé Rile6s (Rill-yoge).
Districts I. I]. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Bogs and moory grounds; frequent and locally abundant. 7. .
May.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Donegal
(Hart) ; to 1400 ft. in Down (8. & P.).

ORDER LIX.—CUPULIFERZ.

BETULA Linn,
1, B. alba Linn. (Aggregate).— Birch.

HMibernicé bert (Bay).
Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI, XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Heaths, woods, and mountain glens; frequent. Fl. April-
May.

Sea-level in Antrim and Cork. To 1400 ft. in Down(S.  P.);
to 1700 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.); to 1500 ft. in Mayo (Hart).
Betula. | CUPULIFERZ. 321

B. verrucosa Ehrh.

Districts — II. — — — VI. VII. — IX. — — —
II. At Queenstown Junction, Cork, 1897; Phillips.—VI. and
VII. Frequent on the shores and islands of Lough Derg, in Galway
and Tipperary, 1896; WV. C—IX. In Glencar: B.§V. 7885.
Apparently confined to the lowlands; often planted and much
rarer than the following segregate.

B. pubescens Ehrh.

B. glutinosa Fries.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. — XII

I. Frequent in Kerry; &.W.S. Gouganebarra; and—II. White-
gate, Cork; Phillips. Near the lake at Blarney (Carroll): Cyb.—
IV. and V. Frequent in the Wicklow and Dublin mountains.—
VI. Hare Island; Stony Island, &c., Lough Derg; and—
VIII. Islands in Lough Inagh and mountains above it, Connemara ;
NV. C. —IX. Cliffs in Glenade, Leitrim: B. & V. 188s5.—X. In Co.
Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. Frequent in the North-East: Flor.
NV.-E.

The prevailing upland birch, and probably occurs throughout
the country.

ALNUS Linn.

1. A. glutinosa Medic.— Alder.
Hibernicé Peapnése (Farn-ége).
Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VITE. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.
River banks and wet places; common. 7%. March.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Derry (Hart);
to 1050 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

CORYLUS Linn.

1. C. Avellana Linn.— Hazel.

Hibernicé Cot (Cull or Cowl),
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Thickets, rocky places, &c.; common. 7%. February-March.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1200 ft. in Derry (Moore
US.); to 1300 ft. in Wicklow (Hart).

Y
822 CUPULIFERA. [ Quercus.

QUERCUS Linn.

1, Q. Robur Linn.— Oak.

Hibernicé Ooin (Darr).
Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British. .

Woods, glens, hedges, and rocky places; common. 7. April-May.

Sea-level in Donegal and Cork. To 1480 ft. in Derry (fart).

The prevailing Irish oak is Q. pedunculata (Ehrh.). The fol-
lowing variety appears to occur only occasionally.

Var. sessturrtora (Salisb.).—I, At Killarney (More): Ree.
Add, Islands in the Lee at Gearagh, near Macroom; W. H. Shaw.—
III. By the Nore below Abbeyleix : Hart 2885 8.—IV. Sparingly
at Ballyarthur, Wicklow; &. Bayly.—VIII. Island in Lough
Inagh, 1897; WV. C.—X. Banks of the Glenmornan river, Tyrone
(Dr. Sigerson): Rec. Add.—XI. Cliff, by the Erne, near Belleek :
Hart 1885 y.—XII. In a few localities in Antrim (Moore): Cyb.

The oak was formerly exceedingly abundant in Ireland as is shown
by the frequency of place-names with the prefix or affix, “‘derry.”
It is now not common in undoubtedly wild stations.

FAGUS Linn.
1. *F, sylvatica Linn.— Beech.

Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
_ Lowland. Woods, hedges, &c.; common, but nowhere native.
Fl, April-May.

Extensively planted throughout the country, but freely repro-
ducing itself from seed, though rare in wild stations.

ORDER LX.—SALICINEZ.

SALIX Linn.
1, ¢S. triandra Linn.—Almond-leaved Willow.
Districts I.. 11. — — — — VII. VIII. — X. — XI.

Lat. 52}°-543°. From South to North. Zype, English-British.

Lowland. Hedges, plantations, &c.; apparently rare, and a
doubtful native. #7. April-May.
Saliz. | SALICINEA. 823

IT. By the river near Castlehyde, Fermoy (Drummond): Flor.
Cork, Freely along the Blackwater near Fermoy; often planted
but perhaps native in Co. Cork: Allin’s Cork.—VII. Ditch bank
between Knock Drin and Quarry Bog, Westmeath: Linton 1896.—
X. Wet woods and hedgerows at Florence Court, Co. Fermanagh :
Flor. b,—XTI. In a hedge between Malone and the Falls, and
in osier grounds near Portmore Park, Antrim: Templeton UMS.
Between Malone and the Falls road, and at Portmore (Mr.
Whitla): Flor. Ulst. In the bog meadows near Balmoral and
(Var. Hoffmant) amongst natural wood by the ‘Sixmilewater at.
Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-£, Also recorded for Districts I. and
VIII. in ist Edition Cyb., but no localities are available.

2. S. pentandra Linn.— Bay Willow.

Districts [I.] [II.] III..— — VI. VII. [VIII] TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-552°. From South to North. TZype, Scottish.

Bushy places and riversides; rare. FJ, May-June.

[I. About Castle Cove and near Sneem, Kerry: &.W.S. 2890.
Dunmanway and Dunboy, Berehaven, Co. Cork (J. Sullivan):
Allin’s Cork.—II. Natural wood near Blarney (Drummond): Flor.
Cork.—considered by Carroll to be not native in South Ireland].—
III. Mary scattered trees in the uncultivated country between
Mountmellick and Tullamore (J. Morrison) :, Rec. Add, Not infre-
quent along the Nore near Borris-in-Ossory : Hart 18858. Monettia
bog, and elsewhere along the Barrow: Hart 7885. Maryborough,
Queen’s Co. ; Praeger.—VI. At the Salmon Leap on the river Anna,
near Miltown Malbay, Co. Clare (C. Carter): Cyd. On the banks
of the Suck near Ballinasloe, Co. Galway: Foot 1865.—VII. Bog
of Linn, near Mullingar, Westmeath, in several places: Levinge
1894.—[ VIII. By a stream near Clifden, Connemara, perhaps not

indigenous (Cfrroll) : Cyb.|—IX. In hedges and by ditches in Glen
Iff, Ben Bulben, Sligo (W. 7. Dyer): Ree, Add. About Grange
-and Kinlough, planted: B.& VY. 2885. Drumkeerin, Leitrim :
Stewart 1885.—X. Ditch bank at Florence-court, Fermanagh: Flor.
Hib. Derrygonnelly and Carrick, Fermanagh: Stewart 1882.—
XI. Very common about Pettigoe and elsewhere in south-west.
Donegal: Hart 7885.—XII. Ina bog west of Ballycastle: Templeton
MS. Amongst rocks at Fair Head, Antrim, 1793 (Zempleton) :
Whitla MS. By the river in Glenshesk, Antrim (Corry): Flor.
N.-E. By the Yellow Water and by the Kilbroney River, Mourne
¥2
324 SALICINEZ. [ Salix.

mountains: S. § P. 1892. Frequent about Draperstown, Kilrea,
and Garvagh, Derry (Praeger): S.§ P. 1895.
To 800 ft, in Antrim (Stewart); but usually lowland.
Frequent and apparently native in the North ; probably planted
in the South,

3. {8. fragilis Linn.—Crack Willow.

Districts I. Il. I. IV. V. — VIL — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. From South to North. Zype, British-English.

Lowland. Hedges, marshy ground, &c.; frequent but perhaps
nowhere truly native. 7. April-May.

4, {8. alba Linn.— White Willow.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XU.
Lat. 513°-55%°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British-
English.
Lowland. Marshy places; frequent. £7. April-May.
Much planted, but thoroughly naturalized in some stations.

5. 8. cinerea Linn.— Gray or Common Sallow.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XT.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
In hedges, wet places, &c.; common. 7. March-April.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Donegal, to
1350 ft. in Mayo, and to 1380 ft. in Kerry (art).

6. §. aurita Linn.— Round-eared Sallow.

Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Wet thickets, heathy places, &e.; common. /?. March—April.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1250 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2100 ft. in Ben Bulben district (B. §V.); to 1700 ft. in
Wicklow (1. C.).

S. capreola J. Kern.—S. aurita x caprea—VII. Donore, Lough
Derevaragh, Westmeath : Lenton 1896.

S. lutescens A. Kern.—S. aurita x cinerea—VII. Lough Dere-
varagh, Westmeath: Linton 2896.
Salix. ] SALICINE.A. 325;

7. S. caprea Linn.— Great Sallow.

Districts I. TI. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods, hedges, and rocky places; frequent, but apparently
nowhere abundant. #7. March-April.

Descends to 150 ft. in Antrim and to sea-level in 8, Cork.
Ascends to 700 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 1400 ft. in Leitrim
(B. §V.); to 1300 ft. in Dublin (MY C.).

8. S. repens Linn.— Dwarf Silky Willow.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XT. XII.
Lat 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Sandy, rocky, or heathy places, by the sea and on moors; fre-
quent in one or other of its many forms. 7. April-May.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Donegal, to:
1450 ft. in Derry, and 1200 ft. in Galway (Hart).

S. ambigua Ehbrh.—S. repens x aurita—I. Near Glengariff,
and at Dunboy, Berehaven, Co. Cork: Carroll 1854.—V. On Mont
Pelier, Co. Dublin, at 800 ft., 1894; 4. C.—VII. Scraw Bog,
Knock Drin, Westmeath (Levinge): Linton 1896.—VIII. Tully,
Connemara: Babington 7836.—IX. On the north-west side of Ben
Bulben at about 1300 ft.: Cyd.

9. S. phylicifolia Linn.— Zea-leaved Sallow.

Districts — — — — — — — VITI. IX. — XI. XID.
Lat. 583°-55°. North and West. Zype, Scottish-Highland.

Thickets and rocky places; rare. JU. April-May.

VIII. By the stream out of Lugaloughawn Lake, Mweelrea,
Mayo: Hart 2883 «.—IX. Northside of Ben Bulben, Sligo (Door) :
Cyb. (as S. procumbens). North face of Ben Bulben, and near
Kinlough, Leitrim: B.gV. 2885.—XI. Shore of Glen Lough,
Donegal; Hart.—XII. On the shores of Enagh Lough, Derry,
1834 (Moore): Flor. Hib. Gilenballyeamon, Antrim (Moore): Cyb.

To 1400 ft. on Ben Bulben (2. §7.). From 550 to 1000 ft. in
Mayo (Hart).

S. lautina Smith—S. phylicifolia x caprea—XII. Between
Castle Dawson and Bellaghy, Derry (Moore): Flor. Hib. On the
shore of Lough Neagh, near Massareene Park, Antrim (Moore): Cyb.
326 SALICINEA, [ Salix.

S. nigricans Smith.

Districts — — — — -— -— - TT XI. XII.
Lat. 543°-552°. North Ireland. Type, Scottish-Highland.

Moist and rocky places, in mountain districts; rare. Fl. April-
June. ;

XI, Urris mountains, Donegal; C. Moore.—XII. By the side
of the Roe above Dungiven, Derry (Moore): Flor. Hib. Rocks at
Skerries in the Braid, Antrim, 1809 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.
Kilwaughter and Glenoe, Antrim (Moore): Flor. Ulst. Between
Larne and Ballymena; Glendun and Glenariff (Moore): Cyd.

10. {S. viminalis Linn.— Oster.

Districts I, II, III, IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

By rivers and roadside ditches; frequent. 7. April-May.

Much cultivated, and though quite naturalised in some parts,
is probably nowhere native.

S. Smithiana Willd.—S. viminalis x caprea—This hybrid, which
usually occurs in more wild-looking stations than S. viminalis, is
frequent from North to South, and has been recorded from all the
districts save III., VI., and X.

11, S. herbacea Linn. —Dwarf Mountain Willow.

Districts I. TI. — IV. V. — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-552°. From South to North. Type, Highland.

On rocks and in-grassy places on the higher mountains; local,
Fi, Sune.

I, On the top of Mangerton mountain by the side of Poul-na-
coppel, Kerry: Wade Rar. r8og—still near the top, 1896; R.W. S.
Macgillicuddy’s Reeks and on most of the Kerry mountains: Hart
882, §e, Summit of Sugarloaf mountain, Glengariff: Carroll
1854. Priest Leap mountains, Cork: (Carroll): <Allin’s Cork.—
II. Near the summit of Galtymore, Tipperary: Muck. Rar. r8o5—
and in 1880: Hart r&8zr. Knockmealdown and Commeragh
mountains, Waterford: Hart 188g.—IV. Thonalagee and Lugna-
quilla mountains, Co, Wicklow: Flor. Hib. Summit of Djouce
mountain, Wicklow: Ball 2839. On Thonalagee and on Table
mountain, Wicklow, ‘1884; Rev. C. F. D’ Arcy.—vV. Sparingly on
the summit of Carlingford mountain, Louth: Hart z88g.—VILI. On
Salix. | SALICINEA. 327

Lettery mountain, and other mountains in Connemara: Mack. Rar.
On all the higher mountains in Mayo and Galway: Hart 1883 a.—
IX. Ben Bulben and Annacoona, Sligo: B. & VM. 1885.—X. On
Dart mountain (Admiral Jones): Cyb.— XI. On Bulbein mountain,
Innishowen: Wade Rar.—still there, and on all the higher Donegal
mountains: Hart 2883, §¢e.— XII. Scallaree, and Cairn rocks west
of Bencrom, and rocks on Slievenamady, Down (John White) :
Wade Rar. Slieve Donard, and the Diamond mountain: Templeton
UMS. On most of the Mourne summits: S.§ P. 2892. Summit of
Slievenanee, Antrim (Mfr. Templeton): Flor. Hib. On Dart moun-
tain and on Clontygeragh, Derry (Moore): Cyb. Ben Evenagh:
Ball 1839. Mullaghmore: Hart 1884.  Mullasturrakeen and
Mullaghclogher, Derry (Praeger): 8.6 P. 1895.

From 870 ft. to 2400 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 1700-2796 ft. in
Down (S. § P.); 1570-2600 ft. in Mayo and Galway, 2370-2950
ft. in Wicklow, and 1800-8050 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Descends to a lower level in north Ireland than it does anywhere
in Great Britain.

S. Mooret H. C. Watson—S. herbacea x nigricans (?)—XJ. Among
moss on the top of Muckish mountain, Donegal, 1868 (Moore) :
Rec. Add. (as S. Grahamt Baker). This plant is conjectured by
Dr. F. B. White to be a hybrid between S. herbacea and S. nigricans.

12. +S. purpurea Linn.—Rose Willow.

Districts I. II. ITI. — — — VII. VIII. 1X. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Hedges, riversides, and wet places; local and a
doubtful native. #7. April-May.

I. Fermoyle near Castlegregory, &c., Kerry; R.W.S. Near
Carrigaline, Cork (Drummond): Flor. Hib.—I. & II. In several
places, but always in suspicious stations (Carroll): Cyb.—
III. Maryborough, Queen’s Co.; Praeger.— VII. Knock Drin,
Westmeath: Levinge z89g.— VIII. At the mouth of Killery
Harbour, Mayo: lor. Hib.—IX. Between Glencar and Benboo
mountain, Sligo: B.&V. 2885. Drumshambo, Leitrim: Stewart
71885.—X. Hedges near Florence-court, Fermanagh: flor. Hib.
Banks of Ballycassidy river, Lough Erne: Praeger 1892. —
XI. Mouth of Loughead river, near Killybegs, Donegal: Hart
1885 y.—XII. In several localities in Down, as at Moneyscalp,
Crotlieve, and Lisnacree: S.§ P. 2892. In Antrim, at Ballycastle,
328 SALICINEA. [ Saha.

and by the shores of Lough Neagh at Shane’s Castle (S. Helix
Linn.); by the Bann near Coleraine, Derry (Moore): Cyb. By
the Forth river; at the base of Knocklayd; south of Giant’s
Causeway, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. NV.-#. Broughshane; Rash-
arkin; Kinbane Head; and Bushmills, Antrim; roadsides near
Upperlands ; and frequent on mountain roads above Draperstown,
Derry (Praeger): 8S. & P. 2895.

The majority of the earlier records are for Var. Hutrx (Linn.).

POPULUS Linn.

1. P. tremula Linn.— Aspen.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI
Lat. 58°-553°. Northern half of Ireland, chiefly. Zype, British.
Woods, heaths, and rocky places; local. £7. March-April.

Sea-level in Donegal. To 1450 ft. in Antrim (Zempleton) ; to
1200 ft. in Down (8S. & P.).

Truly native in mountain glens and rocky places in the North
and West. Often planted in the lowlands and nowhere an abun-
dant species.

ORDER LXI.—EMPETRACEZ.
EMPETRUM Linn.

1. E. nigrum Linn.— Crow-berry,

Districts J. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, Scottish-Highland.

Mountain heaths, also on lowland bogs; frequent and locally
abundant. #7. May.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and Kerry. To 2150 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2796 ft. in Down (Flor. Uist.) ; to 3000 ft. in Wicklow
(Moore) ; and to 3300 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Rare at low levels, but occurs at Lisclogher Bog, ‘Westmeath,
about 270 ft. (Levinge 7894); in Inishbofin and Inishturk, under
300 ft. (More 7876); near sea-level at Fintragh in Donegal (ore,
Cyb.); on Brandon mountain, and at Derrynane, and Kerry Head,
Kerry, to about sea-level (2. W. 8. 2890 and N. C.), but is usually
a mountain plant.
Coratophytium. | CERATOPHYLLEZ. 829

ORDER LXII.—_CERATOPHYLLEZ.
CERATOPHYLLUM Linn.

1. C. demersum Linn.—Hornwort.

Districts I. IT. — — V. — VIL — — — — XIL
Lat. 52°-553°. From South to North. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Lakes, pools, and ditches; veryrare. 27. June-July.

I. Abundant in a pool at the foot of Ross Castle, Killarney
Lakes (H. N. Ridley): Journ. of Bot. 1884, p. 92. In the Lough
of Cork (D. Murray): Flor. Cork & (Carroll): Cyb—II. Abun-
dant in deep parts of Blarney Lake (R. Mills): Rec. Add. & Allin’ s
Cork, Melbrook near Clonmel (Miss A. Taylor): Cyb.—V. Pools
near the bridge at Navan (Dr. Scott): Mack. Rar.—VII. Plentiful
in the part of Lough Derevaragh, Westmeath, known as the pond
of Donore: Levinge z894.—XII. Marshy place by the Foyle above
Derry: Moore MS. In Lough Leagh near Killyleagh [Down],
1804 ; and lake near Ballynahinch, 1808: Zempleton US. Ditches
by the Quoile below Downpatrick, and in Lough Aghery, four
miles west of Ballynahinch (Stewart): Flor, N.-#. Carrick-
mannan lake near Saintfield, Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell): 8. & P.
1895. In the large lake at the southern end of Rathlin Island,
1795 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.—still in this lake, known as Ushet
lake: Stewart 1884 & Flor. N.-#. In a ditch near Jackson Hall
near Coleraine, Derry : Moore US.

Also recorded in Wade Rar. for—VIII. ‘‘Common in Conne-
mara, particularly near Ballinahinch.” It has not since been
recorded for this district and there is reason to fear that some other
aquatic plant was mistaken for it by Wade.

ORDER LXIII.—CONIFERZ.
JUNIPERUS Linn.

1. J. communis Linn.—Juniper.

Districts I. — — — — VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-553°. West and North, chiefly. Zype, British.
Heathy and rocky places, and on mountains; local. #7. May.
380 CONIFER. [ Juniperus.

J. In the mountains of Dunkerron and some few about Killar-
ney Lakes near Mucruss: Smith's Kerry. On a rock called
Juniper Island, Killarney Lakes: Wade Rar. Still in Muckross
and more abundant about Upper Lake, Killarney, 1897; &.W. S.—
VI. In Portumna Park: Threlkeld. Plentiful on the shores and
islands of Lough Derg, as on Church Island; Rinmore; Stony
Island ; Farrahill Point; Bushy Island, &c., Galway; and—
VII. Gortmore; Slevoir Point; Drominagh; Bounla Island, &c.,
Tipperary: WV. C. z897.—VIII. On Delphi mountain, Mayo: Hart
7883 a.—IX. Sparingly on Knockacree, Ox mountains, Sligo, 1896 ;
JV. C.—XI. Glenveagh and at Greenfort, Fanet: Hart 2879.

Var. nana (Willd.)—I. Abundant at the north end of Derry-
nane Bay, Kerry: R.W. 8.2890. Mountains near Castletown Bere-
haven: Drummond 1820. Mountains above Glen Lough, Adrigole :
Hart 18858. Rocks at Dunboy, 1894; Phaliips.—VI. ‘‘ Upon. the.
Rocks neer Kilmadough [ Kilmacduagh ], If. Heaton” : How, Phy-
tologia r6s0. In the Isle of Aran and in the highway between
Galloway and Gort: Threlkeld. On Aranmore Island near Dun
Aingus, and by the shore at Cowrugh; also on Inisheer, 1892;
WV. C. On the mountains of Burrin and on rocks near Ardrahan :
K’ Eogh. Abundantin Burren: Foot 7864. Castle Taylor, Galway:
More 1855.— VIII. Shanafolia mountain and Urrisbeg: Babington
1836. Inishbofin: More 7876. Curraun Achill; Croaghpatrick ;
Mweelrea; Maamturk, &.: Hart 1883 a.—IX. Cliffs over Glencar
and on Ben Bulben: B.&V. 2885.—XI. Inishowen; Errigal ;
Slieve League, &c.; frequent in Donegal: Hart 1879, S¢e.—
XII. Slieve Bearnagh. and Commedagh, Down; cliffs south of
Carrick-a-raide, Antrim (Corry); Garron Head, Antrim (W. ZH.
Phillips), &e.; not common in the North-East, though in some
places abundant: Flor, V.-£.

Sea-level in Donegal, Clare, and Kerry. To 1750 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); 1000-2000 ft. in Down (8. P.); to 1800 ft. in Mayo
(Hart) ; to 1800 ft. in Kerry (Druce 2892).

TAXUS Linn.

1. T. baccata Linn.— Yew.

Hibernicé lubap ( Yure).
Districts I, II. — — — VI, — VIII. IX. X. XI. XID.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. Type, English.

Rocky places, woods, and mountain cliffs; rare. 7. March.
Tasus. | CONIFER.Z. 331

I. “‘Grew in prodigious quantities on the mountains of all our
southern baronies until it was destroyed for making coals for the
iron-works” ; Smith's Kerry 1756—still abundant at Muckross and
the Upper Lake, Killarney, with many very old dead trees; &.W. S.
‘(Grows spontaneously in several parts of Carbery. There is one
growing on the side of a rocky hill a mile north of Dunmanway
where there is scarce any earth to support it yet it is 17 ft. in
circumference”: Smith's Cork r7so—still living in 1845: Flor.
Cork. Woods near Castletown Berehaven (Rev. Dr. Hincks);
above Carrigrohane on the Lee: lor. Cork. Mountain near
Adrigole, 1894; mountain at Lough Hyne, 1896; islands in the
river Lee at Geragh, Macroom, 1897; Phdtlips.—II. In Blarney
woods: Flor. Cork.—VI. Many fine old trees are to be seen in the
mountainous woods of Glanquin, Burren: Wade Rar. Some dwarf
trees here in 1879: Corry 7880. Abundant on steep cliffs in
Burren: Foot 186g. — VIII. Bilberry Island, Lough Corrib :
Ir. Flor. Jslets in Craigga More Lake, Connemara (Praeger):

“Ir. Nat. 2896.—IX. Cliffs at Glencar, Sligo, rare: B.§-V. 1885.—
X. Sparingly on limestone cliffs at Carrick and Knockmore moun-
tains, Fermanagh: Stewart 1882.—XI. In Glen Veagh, and on an
island in Lough-an-ure in the Rosses: Hart 1879.—XII. Among
the rocks at Glenariff, reduced to a few stunted plants, 1795, but
said to have been formerly plentiful: Zempleton MS. Rocks in the
little Deer Park, Glenarm, and on the Cave Hill, 1886: Herd.
Moore. On Ben Evenagh, Derry, 18385: Moore MS. Extremely
rare in the North-East and not seen recently: Flor. W.-E.

To 1200 ft. in Derry (Moore US.).

Now become very rare in the wild state though once abundant
in Ireland as is sufficiently shown not only by old records but by
the frequency of place-names compounded with ‘“ ure.”
332 HYDROCHARIDEA. [ Elodea.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.

ORDER LXIV.—HYDROCHARIDEZ.
ELODEA Michx.
1. *E. canadensis Michx.— Water Thyme.

Anacharis Alsinastrum Bab.
Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VI. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-543°. Throughout Ireland.

Lowland. Canals, ponds, lakes, and ditches, usually in still or
slow waters; frequent and locally abundant. 7. July-August.

I. Sparingly in the river at Listowel, Kerry, 1897, the only
locality so far known in the county; &.W.S. Ballyphehane bog
(Carroll): Allin’s Cork—and in 1896; Phillips.—II. A great
nuisance in the river Lee where it. was introduced in 1851 (Prof.
Murphy): Cyb. Still plentiful in the Lee, 1896; Phaliys. Ponds
near Blarney (&. Mills); in the river in Castlemartyr demesne:
Allin’s Cork.—III. Plentiful in the river [Barrow] at Carlow
(Carroll): Cyb. In the Barrow near Portarlington and opposite St.
Mullin’s, Kilkenny: Hart 1885.—IV. Ponds at Hollybrook, Bray
(Barrington): Ree. Add. River Slaney near Enniscorthy, Wexford :
Hart z88r«a. Pond at Castleboro, Wexford: B.-H. & UM. 1892.—
VY. Abundant in the canals near Dublin: Cyd. z866—and in 1898;
&.W.S. Abundant in the Liffey river, 1893; also in bog drains
at Garristown, where it was introduced from Lough Erne about
1878; frequent in ponds and quarry holes in Co. Dublin; W. C.
Pond at Barmeath, Louth: Butler r890.—-VI. In Lough Derg, at
Portumna and Mount Shannon, Co. Galway, and near Killaloe, Co.
Clare, 1896, but not abundant and said to have much decreased of
late: WV. C. 1897.—VII. Has spread from the Dublin canals to the
river Shannon: Cys. Lough Ennel; Lough Derevaragh, &e.,
Westmeath: Levinge S94. River Inny, Lough Ree; Shannon at
Athlone, &c., said to be disappearing: B. § V. 7887. — VIII. Abun-
dant in Loughs Corrib and Mask: M.% S. 2896. Introduced into
Lough Corrib about 1861; Miss UM. F. Jackson.—IX. In Lough
Allen: Stewart 7885. In Lough Gill river, Sligo: B. 7. I885—
Elodea. | HYDROCHARIDEZ. 333

scarce, and said to be decreasing rapidly here in 1896; WV. C.—
X. Trasna Island, &c., Lough Erne, but not plentiful and decreas-
ing fast: Barrington z884.—XI. Abundant in the river Erne
between Ballyshannon and Belleek: Hart 1885 y.— XII. Inapond
at Waringstown, Co. Down, about 1836 (John New): Phytol.
1854. Known near Lisburn for more than twenty years: for.
Ulst. 186g. Lagan canal; Lough Neagh; Portmore Lake; Bally-
nahinch Lake; Newry canal, &c.; abundant in the North-East :
Flor. N.-£.

Rare or absent in the extreme North and South-West.

A North-American water-weed introduced into Ireland about
1836, and interesting, not only for its remarkably rapid increase,
but also for the tendency to an equally rapid decrease which it has
shown of late years. The rather full details of its distribution
given here will enable future observers to judge whether this
tendency be permanent.

What seems to be the earliest appearance of the plant in Ireland
(and in the British Isles) is thus recorded in a note by Mr. John
New, gardener, communicated to the Bot. Soc. of Edinburgh in
Febry., 1854 :—‘‘ About eighteen years ago the pond at Warings-
town was cleared of over-hanging trees, when the Anacharis was
immediately observed after the planting of some aquatics, making
it necessary several times during the summer to clear it out. It is
not known whether it existed in the pond previously to the above
date or was introduced with the aquatics at that time”: Phytol.
1854, p. 88. Itis, however, suggested by the authors of the Flora
of North-East Ireland that this plant was first introduced with
squared timber imported from Canada to Belfast.

HYDROCHARIS Linn.
1. H. Morsus-rane Linn.—Frog-bit.

Districts — — — — V..VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 534°-542°. Middle and North, chiefly. Zype, English.

Lowland. Bog-holes, ditches, and.slow streams; local. F7.
July—August.

Y. Common in the bog of Curragha, Dublin: Wade Rar. 1804.
In bog-pits near Balruddery (Dr. Scott): Mack. Rar. Sparingly in
Curragha bog; and in the Broadmeadow Water; and abundant in
the Bog of the Ring near Balrothery, Dublin: N..C. 2893.
334 HYDROCHARIDEZ. [ Hydrocharis.

Plentiful near Duleek and in Thomastown Bog, Meath: Flor.
Howth App. Abundant in ditches by the Boyne near Slane, and
thence to Drogheda (Moore): Oyb. Plentiful round Castlebelling-
ham, Louth: Butler r890.—VI. In a marsh by the river Fergus, a
little above the bridge at Ennis: Mack. Rar. r8o6—and in 1886:
Stewart 1890.—VII. Plentiful in drains about Mullingar: Foot
1865. Bog of the Linn near Mullingar; Quarry Bog, Knock Drin;
Scraw Bog, Loughanstown and Ballynagall: Levinge 1894.
Doonis Lough and Coosan Lough, Lough Ree, Westmeath: B. & V.
1887,— VIII. Turfy ditches about Ballinahinch, Connemara:
Wade Rar.—not since recorded for this District—IX. Rinanny
Point, Lough Ree, Roscommon: B. § V. 2887.—X. Near Cavan :
Flor. Hib. Belturbet (Moore): Cyd. Near Pettigoe, in Fer-
managh (Miss Young): Hart 1885 y. Near Derryadd Bay, Lough
Neagh, Armagh (fev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—XII. In the
drains at Portmore Park, 1793 (Zempleton): Whitla MS. In a
bog hole near Portaferry: Templeton MS. Abundant in some of
the drains near the little lake at Portmore: Flor. V.-#. Bog holes
at Gawley’s Gate, west of Portmore (Praeger): B..N.F. C. Proc.

1892-9}.
STRATIOTES Linn.

1. $8. aloides Linn.— Water-soldier.

Districts I. — — — — — ~ — — X%. — =

Lowland. Ditches and lakes; local and very doubtfully
indigenous. 7. July.

I. Naturalized in Ballyphehane Bog, probably introduced by
Mr. Drummond: flor. Cork. Still at Ballyphehane, 1896;
Phillyps.—X. In a drain near Crum Castle on the banks of Lough
Erne, 1805 (Dr. Scott); in drains by the side of the road near
Castle Sanderson, Cavan: Mack. Rar. Plentiful on the shores of
Lough Erne, from Drumgown in Fermanagh to Belturbet in Cavan;
profusely where the canal joins Lough Erne; also in lakes between
Belturbet and. the town of Cavan (Moore): Nat. Hist. Rev. 2859,
p. 156. ‘

Also recorded for—V, Canal near Drogheda (Murphy 2829);
for—VI. or VII. Banks of the Shannon near Portumna (Flor.
Hib.) ; and—XII. Dams at Whitehouse (Flor. Ulst.) and Spring-
field (Flor. Belf.). It has not been observed recently in any of
these stations and seems fully established only in the basin of Upper
Lough Erne.
Malaxis. | ORCHIDEA. 335

ORDER LXV.—ORCHIDEZ.

MALAXIS Swartz.
1. M. paludosa Swartz.— Bog Orchis.

Districts I. — III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. — X. — XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. Zyype, British (?).

Spongy bogs, chiefly in mountain districts; rare and local. Fi.
July-September.

I. Lough Curralee, Magillicuddy’s Reeks: Hart 1882. Side of
Caragh river near Bealalaw Bridge; near Cahirciveen, and south of
Dereen, Kerry; &.W.S. Foot of Mullaghanattin mountain,
Glencar, Kerry, 1885; 4V.C. In a marsh between Priest Leap
mountain and Ashgrove, 1805: Mack. Rar. Between Inchigeela
and Macroom (J. Sullivan): Cyb.—III. On the wet hills about Old.
Lochlin, Co. Carlow (Mr. Brinkley): Templeton US.—IV. Above
the waterfall at Powerscourt, and at Tittour and Sugar Loaf
mountain: Mack. Cat. Turty bogs near the mines of Ballymurtagh :
Ir. Flor. Abundant on a bog between Lough Dan and the road to
Roundwood, Wicklow (Moore); in Glencree (V. A. Smith): Cyb.
Upper Lough Bray, 1870; Hart.—V. Marshy places about Kelly’s
Glen, River Dodder, 1814: Templeton MS. On Glendhu mountain,
Co. Dublin, 1884-94; W.C. Above Glencullen, Bridge, 1894;
Dr. Leitch. Bog two miles south of Thomastown, Kildare: Praeger
1897.—VI. In a marshy place near Lisdoonvarna, Clare (Rev. 7.
Warren): Cyb. In a wet bog above Lough Derg, south of
Woodford; Hart—vVIII. In Galway [probably near Roundstone] ;
McAlla: Herb. T.C.D. Base of Carn Seefin, Lough Corrib (J. A.
Audley): Ir. Nat. 1895.—X. Montiaghs bogs (Mr.. Hyndman) :
Flor. Vist.— XII. Found on marshy ground ascending Slieve Nanee,
1809: Zempleton MS. Rathlin Island (Miss Gage): Flor, Ulst.
On an elevated bog above Dunloy, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Near
Lough Naroon, two miles south-west of Dunloy, and sparingly on
Fair Head, Antrim (Stewart) : Flor. N.-£.

From near sea-level in Clare to 1000 ft. in Antrim (Cyb.); to
1300 ft. in Dublin (WY. C.).

First found in Ireland by the Rev. Mr. Brinkley, in county
Carlow, before 1805.
336 ORCHIDEZ. [ Neottia.

NEOTTIA Linn.

1. N. Nidus-avis Rich.—Bird’s-nest.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Shady woods and thickets; rather rare. 7. June-
July.

id Uragh woods by Inchiquin lake, Kerry: Hart 28858. In
several places by the roadside at Ture mountain; Muckross
demesne; Ross island, Killarney: &.W.S. 2889. Woods at
Tarbert: R.W. 8S. z8gz.—II. Abundant in beech woods at Cappo-
quin, Waterford; Miss Mf. Chearnley. Near Lismore; J. Goode.—
III. Sparingly in Borris demesne, Carlow, 1894-96; Rev. 7.
Hartley—IV. In the woods at the Dargle, county Wicklow
(Prof. Harvey): Cyb. Woods near Powerscourt House, Wicklow,
1897; Barrington. Glen half a mile inland from Courtown
Harbour, Wexford: Praeger r897.—V. In the thickets in Lut-
trels-town wood, county Dublin: Wade Rar.—not found recently
in this District—VI. In Clonbrock wood, Galway: Praeger
1896.—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath: Levinge z89g.—VIII. In
the Wilderness, Ashford, Cong, 1895; Miss I. F. Jackson.—
IX. Woods at Rockingham, Roscommon ; and at Hazelwood, Sligo
(Moore): Rec, Add.—X. In Farnham woods, Cavan: Flor. Hib.
Sparingly near Crum Castle, Lough Emme: Barrington 1884.
Gosford Castle demesne, Armagh: Praeger 1893. Favour Royal,
Tyrone: Hart r887—and in 1896; Miss FP. Leebody.—XI. Ards
wood, Donegal (I. Murphy): Rec. Add. Woods at Brown Hall
near Donegal: Hart 1886.—XII. Glen at Sinclair’s Green, 1807
(Miss E. Templeton): Templeton MS. Glen of Altmore, Cushen-
dall (W. Thompson); Glenarm (2. Patterson): Flor, Hid. Errigal
banks; Castledawson woods; and at Garvagh, Derry: Moore IS.
Colin Glen: Flor. Uist. At Glenarm in 1866, and still in Colin
Glen: Jor. N.-&. 2888.  Tollymore Park and Belvoir Park
(C. Dickson); near Crumlin (F. Whitla); Massereene Park (More);
near Randalstown (Corry); at Muckamore (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
Woods above Bellarena station, Derry (Mrs. Leebody): Stewart
1894. Glenariff (Praeger): B.N. F.C. Proc. 1889-90. White-
hall near Broughshane (fev. 8S. A. Brenan): 8. & P. 1895.

A widely distributed species, usually occurring in beech woods,
but seldom in abundance.
Listera. | ORCHIDEA. 337

LISTERA R. Br.
1. L. cordata R. Br.—Heart-leaved Twayblade.
Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 52°-55}°. From South to North. Type, Scottish-Highland.

Boggy heaths in mountain districts; rather rare. J7. June—
August.

I. Feany Valley, Brandon; and Brandon Head and Ballydavid
Head, Kerry: Hart 188g. Kells mountain east of Cahirciveen ;
NV. C.§ R. W.S.—II. Between Coumduala and Coumgorra, and
at Coumshingaun in the Commeraghs; at Bay Lough in Knock-
mealdown mountains, Waterford: Hart 2884.—III. Near Cul-
lenagh, Queen’s Co. (Mr. Bradbury): Mack. Rar. Summit of
Arderin, Queen’s Co., 1897; Praeger —IV. Upper end of Lower
Lough Bray, 1802 (Dr. Stokes): Mack. Rar.—and in 1891; Rk. W.S8.
Glencree (V. A. Smith): Cyb. South of Lough Nahanagan, Wick-
low (More): Rec. Add. Maulin mountain, Co. Wicklow; G. V.
Hart.—V. Kelly’s Glen, Dublin (C. Ball): Rec. Add. On Feather
Bed mountain, 1867 (Hart); frequent on Glendhu mountain; on
Kippure; and on the slopes between Kilmashogue and the Three
Rock mountain, Co. Dublin: WV. C. 2895. Carlingford mountain,
Louth: Hart 1884. In Glencullen, and at Ballinascorney, Co.
Dublin; Greenwood Pim. Bog by Lough Sheelin, Meath, at
230 ft. elevation: Praeger 1897.—VIII. On Sleve Corr in Erris,
Mayo (Moore): Cyb. Corcogemore, Maam Turk range, Galway:
Hart 1883 a.—IX. Frequent on the Ben Bulben range: B. & V.
1885. Sparingly on Slieveanierin and Slievenakilla, Leitrim:
Stewart 1885.—X. Mullaghclogha, Sperrin mountains, Tyrone:
Hart 1884. In county Armagh, on Montiaghs bogs (Rev. H. W.
Lett); Camlough mountains; summit of Clermont; and Slieve
Gullion: Praeger 2893. On Bessy Bell mountain, Co. Tyrone
(Miss M. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897—XI1. Found at Bulbein
mountain, Co. Donegal, by Robert Brown: Mack. Rar. & Flor.
Uist. On Slieve League; at Horn Head: Flor. Ulst. Hills near
Rathmullen, and on top of Lough Salt mountain: Hart 2879.
Erris and Slieve Snacht, Innishowen: Hart 1883.—XII. Below
the rocks of Agnew’s Hill, 1804, and on the Clough side of Slieve-
nanee: Zempleton MS. On Slieve Bingian, 1885; Rev. C. F.
D’ Arcy. On several of the Mourne mountains: 8. ¢ P. 72892.
Slieve Gallion, Derry: Moore MS. Ben Evenagh, Derry (Drs.

Z
838 ORCHIDE ZA. [ Listera.

Lecbody): S.§ P. 7895. On the summit of the Black mountain,
Antrim: Flor. Ulst. Brown Hill; Mullaghmore, &c., Derry
(Stewart): Flor, N.-E.

Descends to 150 ft. in Antrim and to 230 ft. in Meath.
Ascends to 1900 ft. in Donegal, and to 2000 ft. in Down (Hart) ;
_to 2000 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

First found by Robert Brown, in Inishowen, before 1800.

2. L. ovata R. Br.—TZwayblade.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-553°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods and moist pastures; frequent and locally abundant.
Fl, June-July.

Sea-level in Antrim and in Kerry. To 1470 ft. in Donegal
(Hart) ; to 1500 ft. in Sligo (W. C.).

SPIRANTHES Rich.

1. S. autumnalis Rich.—Fragrant Lady’s Tresses.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. Vi. VII. VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 514°-533°. Southern half of Ireland. Zype, English.

Lowland. Pastures, especially near the sea; not infrequent.
Fl, August-September. Calcicole B.

I, By the river Finnehy below Kenmare, 1890; abundant about
Barrow Harbour, &c., Kerry; &.W.S. Beginis, Valentia Harbour ;
R. Bayly. Three Castle Head, Cork (Z. Chandlee): Ree. Add.
Near Toe Head; Inish Sherkin; Rabbit Island; Glandore, &c.:
Allin’s Cork. Church Cross, Skibbereen; abundant in the extreme
south of Cork, reaching to Cape Clear and Mizen Head; Phillops.
Crosshaven, Cork Harbour; &.W. 8.—II. On the strand at Bally-
cotton: Drummond 1820. Whitepoint, Cove; and on a hill near
Midleton (Mr. Alexander): Flor. Cork. Great Island; Roche’s.
Point; Whitegate; Templemichael Glen, &c.; Phillips. By the
Blackwater near Fermoy, 1896; R.W.S. Near Lecky and by the
Blackwater, Waterford (Rev. Z. Allin): Rec. Add. Monatrea
cliffs and Ardmore cliffs, Waterford, 1895; IMiss If. Chearnley.
Island O’Kane, near Tramore, Waterford; A. R. Friel. Bally-
brado, Tipperary (Prof. Harvey): Cyb. Cashel, Tipperary, 1896;
Miss Butler Lowe. —IV. Frequent near Alderton, Wexford :
B.-H. & G. 1889.—V. On Bray Common, 1820: Mack. Cat. &
Spiranthes. | ORCHIDEA. 339°

Flor. Hib. Near the shore between Dalkey and Bray, and at Lough-
linstown (Moore) ; Killiney (Mss M. O’ Kelly): Cyb. Onthe North
Bull, Dublin; More.—VI. Over the whole island of Aranmore:
Ogilby 1845. Castle Taylor, Galway: More 1855. Frequent at
intervals from Murrough, south of Black Head, Clare, by Bally-
vaughan round the coast to Kinvarra, Galway, 1895; WV.C. In
the Park at Portumna; and—VII. Eastern shore of Lough Derg
(Moore): Cyb.—VIII. Ashford and Ard near Oughterard, Galway ;
and—IX. Houndswood, Mayo; Iss M. F. Jackson. Shore of
Lough Carra, near Moore Hall, Mayo: Ball 1839.

2. §. Romanzoffiana Cham.—Zrish Lady’s Tresses.

S. gemmipara Lindl.—Neottia gemmipara Smith.
Districts I. — — — —~ — — — — X. — XI.
Lat. 512°-55°. Cork, Armagh, and Derry. Type, Hibernian.

Lowland. Moist pastures and worked-out peat bogs ; very rare.
Fi, July-August.

I. On the strand of the mainland opposite the western redoubt,
Bere Island, Bantry Bay, August, 1810: Drummond 1820 (recorded
as a nondescript Weottia). Near Castletown, opposite to Berehaven,
1810 (Mr. Drummond): Eng. Flor., vol. w., p. 37, 1830 (as Neottia
gemmipara). In a rushy meadow sloping to the sea, west of Castle-
town (Dr. #. P. Wright): Cyb. In many of the pastures and.
meadows near Castletown: ec. Add. In wet rushy ground near
Berehaven, about three dozens of specimens, 1891; Dr. Lettch.
In a damp glen east of Dunmanway, about thirty plants, 1873.
(Rev. T. Allin); in the neighbourhood of Desert, 1874 (C. Long-
field): Allin’s Cork.—X. In a wet worked-out bog in the northern
part of county Armagh, about a dozen plants, August, 1892
(Praeger): Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 272. By the river Bann at
Kilrea, Derry, July, 1898, about half a dozen plants (Irs. Leebody) :
Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 228.

From the point of view of distribution, this is perhaps the most
interesting plant in the flora of the British Isles, since it is found
nowhere in Europe outside of Ireland. As S. gemmipara (Lindl.)
it was long considered distinct from S. Romanzofiana (Cham.) and
peculiar to Ireland, but the two names are now held to refer to the
same species, whose extra~European distribution is Kamtschatka,,
British North America, and the Northern United States.

First found by J. Drummond near Castletown Berehaven, in 1810.

z2
340 ORCHIDEA. [ Cephalanthera.

CEPHALANTHERA Rich.
1. C. ensifolia Rich.— Narrow-leaved White Helleborine.

Districts I. II, II. IV. — VI. VII. — — — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-543°, From South to North. Tyne, English.

Lowland. Moist woods and copses; rare. F7. June.

I. Wood at Lickeen House, head of Lough Caragh (Dr. Bat-
tersby); wood by the Kenmare road from Killarney (4. Balfe) ;
near Derrycunihy cascade (More): Rec. Add. Still at Derrycunihy
in 1891; &.W.S. Hast of Brickeen bridge, Muckross, Killarney :
R.W.S8. 2889. Wood at Glengariff near Bantry: Mack. Cat. &
Flor. Hib. Adrigole, near the base of Hungry Hill ( Carroll): Cyb.—
II. Curraghmore wood, Waterford (W. W. Flemyng): Ir. Nat.
1894.—III. Woods at Ballintemple, by the Slaney, Co. Carlow,
1885 ; Lady Butler—IV. In some quantity in a marshy wood at
the foot of Carrick mountain, Glenealy, Wicklow, 1897; Jonathan
Pim. —VI. Derryvunlam wood near Woodford, Galway; Miss
Mathews,— VII. Common on the west shore of Hare Island, and a
few plants on Crow Island, Lough Ree: B. & V. 2887.— XI. Wood
near Lough Eske, Donegal (Mrs. Brooke): Cyb. & Hart 1885 y.—
XII. ‘Found on a rotten bog by a Lough-side near the Dairy-
house in Crevetenan, Ballina-hinch, Ireland, 1694 (Mr. Sherard)” :
Ray Synopsis 1696. Now extinct in this station, the proper name
of which is Derry Lough near Derry House, Creevytenent: Flor.
NV.-E. At Duneen near Antrim, 1835 (George Whitla): Mackay
z859—a vague locality: Duneane is not near Antrim, but is a
parish touching on the county of Derry at Toome: Flor. N.-H
In woods at Muckamore House near Antrim, sparingly, and at
Glenavy near Antrim (Mr. Whitla); in Shane’s Castle woods on the
shores of Lough Neagh (Moore): Cyb. Notrecently found in north-
east Ireland though sought for by several botanists: Flor. W.-K.

First found in Ireland by William Sherard, near Ballynahinch,
Co. Down, in 1694,

EPIPACTIS Rich.
1, E. latifolia All — Broad-leaved Helleborine.

Districts I. IL, IIL. IV. V. VI. VI. — IX. X. XL Xu.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British-Eng.
Lowland. Woods, thickets, &c.; rather rare. Fi. July-August.
Epipactis.) ORCHIDEZ. 341

I. Woods at Ross, Killarney: Wade Rar. Plentiful near the
mines, Mucruss woods, Killarney: Mack. Rar. Sparingly at
Whitehall, near Skibbereen: Allin’s Cork.—II. Wood at Castle-
hyde: Drummond 1820. Fermoy (1. Chandlee) ; at Buttevant; at
Carrigacunna and Clifford on the Blackwater: -Allin’s Cork. In
south Tipperary (Miss S. Grubb); and—III. Kilmanagh Rectory,
Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyd. Ullard wood by the Barrow,
Co. Kilkenny, 1897; Rev. Z. Hartley.—IV. Enniskerry: Jr. Flor.
Lord Monk’s demesne, Bray; Greenwood Pim. Powerscourt woods,
1886; VW. C.—Y. At Collon, Louth: Jr. Flor. About Glasnevin
(Moore): Cyb. Near Ballybetagh, and at Abbotstown, Dublin,
1895; W.C. By the Boyne near Navan, 1897; RW. S.—
VI. At Castle Taylor and at Garryland, Galway (More): Cyb.
Dromoland demesne near Newmarket, Clare: Corry 1880. Woods
at Foynes, Limerick: Stewart r890.—VII. Hare island, Lough
Ree: B.&V. 2887,—IX. Shore of Lough Gill, Sligo: B.gV.
1885. Near Liskillen, Ballinrobe, Mayo; D. D. Persse.—
X. Farnham, Cavan: Flor. Hib. Islands in Lough Erne (Moore):
Cyb. Common at Lough Erne: Barrington 1884. In several
places at Favour Royal, Tyrone: Hart 7887. At Castle Dillon,
Armagh: More 1860. Abundant in Tanderagee demesnes; Gos-
ford Castle, &¢., Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. Mount Charles,
Donegal (Hart): Rec. Add. Ardnamona and Lough Eske Castle
woods: Hart 1885 y.— XII. Plantations at Belvoir, 1793
(Templeton): Whitla MS. Abundant about Coleraine and in
Bawns Glen, Derry (Moore): Cyb. Clandeboye and Dundonald;
also at Gillhall near Dromore, Co. Down (Corry); at Mucka-
more, &c., Antrim (Stewart); Ligoniel and Shane’s Castle ( Corry) ;
frequent in the North-Hast: or. N.-£.

E. media Fries.

Districts I. — — — VY. — VIL — — — — XII.
Lat. 52°-55°. From South to North. Zype, English-Germanic.

In woods; apparently rare. 77. August.

I. At Killarney (Babington): Cyb. Muckross woods, Killarney :
Levinge.—V. In county Dublin (Moore): Cyb—VII. Woods at
Knock Drin, Westmeath, one plant: Linton 1896.—XII. Woods
in Glenarm Park, Antrim (Stewart): Cyb.

A critical plant, probably more extended in its Irish range than
would appear from the above records.
342 ORCHIDEZ. [ Epipactis.

E. atro-rubens Schultz.

E. ovalis Bab.—E. rubiginosa Koch.
Districts — — — — — VI. — VOL — — — —
‘Lat. 522°-534°, Clare and Galway. ype, Intermediate (?).

Crevices of limestone rock; local. FV. July.

VI. Near the summit of one of the highest limestone mountains
in Burren, 1851: O’ Mahony, 2860. Abundant on the hills round
Ballyvaughan, and near Dromoland, Newmarket-on-Fergus, Clare:
Foot 1864. Near Ballyryan, Clare, 1891 (P. B. O Kelly): Wats.
B.-Ex. C. Rep. 2892. Abundant on the summit and upper slopes
of Cappanawallia mountain near Ballyvaughan, 1895; N.O.—
VIII. Sparingly in a rocky valley near Cong: IL § S. 1896.

The record in How’s Phytologia, 1650, p. 57 :—‘‘ Helleborine
flore atro rubente Park . . . Found by Lysnegeragh. Mr. Heaton”
should, perhaps, be referred to this plant. The locality, Lysnegeragh,
is probably near Roscrea in King’s Co.

From 300 ft. to 1000 ft. in Burren (¥. C-).

2, E. palustris Crantz—Marsh Helleborine.

Districts I, — III. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 523°-552°. From South to North. Zype, English-British.

Lowland. Bogs and moist grassy places; rather rare. 7.
June-July.

I. Near Clogherbrian, Tralee, and by a small pool south of
Tarbert, Kerry: &.W.S. 1888 & 1891. Ferriter’s Cove, Kerry:
Babington in Herb.—III. Plentiful in marshes in the Queen’s Co. :
Mack. Rar. Wilton, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. Kilcomney,
Borris, Co. Carlow, 1896; Rev. Z. Hartley. By the Barrow near
Tinnehinch Bridge, Queen’s Co.: Hart 1885.—IV. Enniskerry :
Ir. Flor, Glencree, Co. Wicklow (@. C. Hyndman): Herb. Bab-
ington. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Raven Point and
Cahore Point, Wexford: Hart z88ra.—vV. Foot of the Dublin
mountains, particularly near Stag’s-town and Kingstown: Wade
Rar. At Jobnstown near Kilgobbin (Dr. Stokes): Mack. Rar.
Near Howth: Jr. Flor. Portmarnock (Moore): Cyb. §& Hart 1897.
Glenasmole, Co. Dublin (Rev. C. F. d’ Arey): Ir. Nat. 895. In
several places near Ballitore, Kildare (Carroll): Cyb. At Rivers-
town, Trim, Co. Meath; Iss Cuppage. Near Castle Bellingham,
Louth: Butler r890.—VI. Along the shores of Lough Derg
Epipactis. | ORCHIDEA. 343

(Moore); bog at Kilmacduagh, Galway (More): Cyd. By Lough
Derg, at Farrahill Point, Galway: W. C. 2897. Doon near Clon-
brock, Galway (D. McArdle): Praeger 1896. Near Ballyvaughan,
Clare; P. B. O’ Kelly —VII. Near Killinure Lough, and abundant
near Athlone: B. § V. 2887. Bellevue, Lough Derg, Tipperary
(C. J. Lilly): Ir. Nat. 1896. Edge of Glen Lake, Crumlin; Miss
L. E. Battersby.—TX. Shores of Lough Carra, Mayo (More): Cyb.
Mount Talbot, Roscommon; &. Bayly. Shores of Lough Talt, Ox
mountains, Sligo: WV. C. 7896.—X. Island on Lough Erne, opposite
Crum Castle (Dr. Scott): Templeton MS.—XI. On the shore at
Horn Head (Prof. £. Murphy): Cyb. Axrdnamona woods, and
north-west of Ardara: Hart r885y § 1886.—XII. Shore of
Belfast Lough, half a mile above Knockmagunney [ Knocknagoney |
Hill, 1820: Zempleton US. In alow meadow south of Ballintra,
Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Cannot now be found and perhaps extinct
in the North-East: Flor. V.-£.

ORCHIS Linn.

1. 0. pyramidalis Linn.—Pyramidal Orchis.

Anacamptis pyramidalis Rich.

Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, Germanic-English.
Banks, pastures, sand-hills, &c.; frequent. #7. June-July.

Caleicole A.

_L, IL, TIL, IV., V., and VI. Frequent, occurring in numerous
stations in Kerry, Cork, Waterford, Tipperary, Kilkenny, Queen’s
Co., Carlow, Wexford, Wicklow, Dublin, Kildare, Clare, and
Galway, and often in abundance.—VII. Plentiful at Knock Drin,
Westmeath: Levinge 1894.—VIII. On the west side of Galway
(Prof. Melville): Cyb.—1X. Roscommon (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.—
X. Plentiful about Oldcastle, Cavan: Flor. Hib. Banks by the
side of the road to Ballyshannon a few miles from Enniskillen:
Flor. Ulst. Loughgall; Castle Dillon, &c., Armagh: Praeger
1893.—XI1. Near Kindrum Lake, Fanet (Hart): Ree. Add. Near
Horn Head House; Marble Hill, Fort Royal, Rathmullan: Hart
1879, ¥¢.—XII. A single specimen at Benone, Magilligan, Derry
(Moore): Cyb. In some abundance at the eastern end of Magilligan
Strand (Mrs. Leebody): B..N. F.C. Proc. 2892-3. Two plants on
the sandy shore at Ballyholme, 1873 (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
344 ORCHIDEA. [ Orchis.

Sparingly at Magheragall quarries near Lisburn (Praeger) :
B.N. F.C. Proc. 1890-1.
Sea-level to 600 ft. in Dublin (I. C.); but usually lowland.

2. 0. Morio Linn.— Green-winged Orchis.

Districts — II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 5223°-534°, Middle Ireland. Type, English.

Meadows and pastures; rather rare. 7. May-June.

II. Holy Cross; Camus Bridge; Twoford Bridge; and about
Golden by the Suir in Tipperary: Hart 28850. Very abundant
about Fethard, Tipperary, 1897;. Praeger.—III. Castle Inch;
Freshford; Kilmanagh, &c., in Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.
Near the junction of the Nore and Erkina; and by the Barrow near
Two Mile Bridge, Queen’s Co.: Hart 1885 § 18855. Near the
Barrow below Athy, Queen’s Co.; R. W. S.—IV. Baltinglass,
Wicklow (7. Chandlee); roadside half-way between Woodenbridge
and Aughrim, Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. By the Slaney near
Enniscorthy, and by its tributary the Bann in Wexford; Hart.
Ballyhyland, Wexford: Moffat 1889.—V. In profusion at Bal-
drummond; Portrane; Glenasmole, &c.; frequent in Co. Dublin:
N.C. 18950. Straffan, Kildare (J. Douglas): Cyb. Punchestown,
Kildare; Urs. Shaw. At Killencoole, Louth: Praeger 1897.—
VI. Near Portumna: Herb. Mackay. Abundant on the ‘ Eskers,”’
near Ballinasloe: Moot 7865.—VII. Near Templemore, Tipperary :
Hart 18850. Kilmaglish and Knock Eyon, Westmeath: Levinge
1894.—VIII. Between Clifden and Roundstone (Prof. Melville):
Cyb. Foot of Urrisbeg mountain, Roundstone (W. 7. Dyer):
Rec. Add.—IX. On the ‘‘Eskers,” near Athlone, in Roscommon :
Foot 1865.

Sea-level to 1000 ft. in Dublin (. C.).

Scarcer in the West than in the East, and apparently quite
absent from the North and South.

3. 0. mascula Linn.—Zarly Purple Orchis.

Districts I. TI]. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Moist pastures, woods, and banks; frequent. 77. April-May.

Sea-level in Derry and in Kerry. To 1100 ft. in Derry
(Moore US.).
Orchis. | ORCHIDEA. 845

4. 0. incarnata Linn.—Yarsh Orchis.

Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Boggy places, wet meadows, sand-hills, &c.; frequent. 7.
June—July. :

Sea-level to 700 ft. in Derry (Cyd.). To 1000 ft. in Mayo
(Hart).

Vor. aneustirotia Bab.— XII. Sparingly on Carngaver Hill,
Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Trustworthy recent records of O. incarnata exist for Districts I.
IV. V. VI. VIL. TX. X. XI. and XII. For the remaining
three districts, records are available only for O. datzfolia in the
ageregate sense. These it has been considered advisable to refer to
O. incarnata, since restricted O. latifolia has not yet been satis-
factorily shown to occur in Ireland.

5. 0. maculata Linn.— Spotted Orchis.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths, banks, pastures, woods, &e.; common. FV. June-July.

Sea-level in Donegal and in 8. Cork. To 1950 ft. in Donegal
(Flor. Uist.) ; to 2100 ft. in Leitrim (B. & V.); to 2400 ft. in Mayo,
and to 2800 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

The commonest of the Irish orchids.

OPHRYS Linn.

1. 0. apifera Huds.— Bee Orchis.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIE. VIII. Ix. — — —
Lat. 51$°-544°. South and Middle. Type, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Pastures, drift banks, sand-hills, &c.; rather rare.
Fil. June-July. Calcicole A.

I. Near Castlefreke (Rev. J. Stopford); near Bandon (&. L.
Allman); near Blackrock: <Allin’s Cork. Crosshaven, Co. Cork;
R.W.8.—II. Abundant on the clayey grounds about Youghal:
Wade Rar. Near Youghal (C. Longfield); Little Island (Carrol?) ;
Great Island: -Allin’s Cork. "Within 100 yards of the gate of New
Geneva, Co. Waterford (Dr. Barker): Templeton MS. Abundant
near Cappoquin, Waterford, 1894; Miss M. Chearnley.—III. By
346 ORCHIDEZ. [ Orchis.

the Barrow above Tinnehinch bridge, Queen’s Co.: Hart 1885.—
TV. Sand-banks at Kiltennel and Courtown, Wexford (Miss #. Ut.
Farmer): Ree. Add. Near Kilmanock ; Pilltown stage; and
Alderton, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 2889. At Ardamine and Church-
town, Wexford: Marshall 1898. —V. Between Stockoole and
St. Doulagh’s, Dublin: Wade Rar, Sand-hills near Rush, and in
Kenure Park, Co. Dublin; Miss Kinahan. Between Ballybrack
and Bray; Praeger. At Skerries, 1892 (Rev. 7. B. Gibson) ; Green
Hills, Co. Dublin: MW. C. 7895 a.—VI. Castle Taylor, Galway :
More 1855. Acres valley near Ballyvaughan: Foot 1864. Drum-
anora, north of Ennis, Clare: Corry z880. North Island of Aran:
Nowers § Wells 892. Doon near Clonbrock, Galway (D. MeArdie):
Praeger 1896.—V11. Sparingly on the south-east shore of Lough
Ennel, Westmeath : Foot 1865. Round Lough Ree: B.§V. 2887.
Tudenham Park and Knock Drin, Westmeath: Levinge 1894.
Frequent in pastures at Borrisokane, Tipperary (C. J. Lilly):
Ir. Nat. 1896.—VI11. Gentian Hill near Galway ; Miss £. Allman.
Ard; shores of Lough Corrib; Ashford; and—IX. Near Glen
Corrib, Co. Mayo; Miss I. F. Jackson. Lough Carra, Mayo (Miss
K. M. Lindsay); Sligo Harbour (J. Wynne): Cyd.

2. O. muscifera Huds.—Fly Orchis.

Districts — — III. — V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 523°-532°. Middle Ireland. Type, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Pastures and bogs; very rare. Fi. June. Calet-
cole B.

III. In the neighbourhood of Castlecomer, 1837 (Rev. Mr.
Despard): Mackay 1859. On Tullavolta bog near Johnstown, Kil-
kenny, 1838 (Rev. S. Madden), and in 1843 (Rev. J. Despard):
Cyb.—V. Between Ballitore and Athy, Kildare (Z. Chandlee):
Carroll z854. In Kildare, on Dollardstown bog (J. Douglas); at
Levitstown and Rosetown (/. Haughton); and near Athy (diss
Haughton): Cyb.—VI. Not infrequent about Castle Taylor: More
1855. Glen Corrib, near Headford (Miss K. M. Lindsay): Cypb.
Base of Glanquin Hills, Clare: Corry z880. Turlough hills,
Clare; P. B. O’Kelly—VII. Plentiful at Annaghmore, King’s
Co. (ML. P. Edgeworth): Cyb—VIII. Near Ross lake, on the west
side of Lough Corrib (Prof. Melville): Cyb.—IX. A large patch on

the shore of Lough Corrib at Lake View, Mayo; Miss M. F.
Jackson.
Habenaria. | ORCHIDEZ. 347

HABENARIA R. Br.

1. H. conopsea Benth.—Fragrant Orchis.

Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Clay banks, pastures, and heaths; frequent and locally abun-
dant. Fl. June-July. Calctcole C.

I. Near Lough Gill, Castlegregory, Kerry: Hart 1884. South
of Tarbert, Kerry: &.W.S. 2897. Banks of the Lee (Mr. Drum-
mond): Flor. Cork.—II. Near Clonmel (Miss S. Grubb): Cyb.
At Youghal, near the bog (Dr. C. Ball): <Allin’s Cork. —
ITT, Wilton and Bellvue, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb. By
the Nore near Abbeyleix, and near Durrow, Queen’s Co.: Hart
1885 8.—IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. and X. Frequent, occurring
in many stations in Wicklow, Dublin, Kildare, Clare, Limerick,
Galway, Westmeath, Tipperary, Longford, Sligo, Fermanagh,
Monaghan, Armagh, and Tyrone, but apparently very rare in
Wexford and in the extreme west of Galway and Mayo.—
XI. Macamish Point and Marble Hill: Hart 2880. Meevagh,
Mulroy Bay; Miss Kinahan. — XII. Abundant at the base of
Umbra Rocks, Derry: Moore MS. In numerous stations in Antrim
and Down: Flor. W.-H. and 8. & P. 1895.

Sea-level in Antrim and in Kerry. To 900 ft. in Clare (MW. C.).

Rare in the South and not recently found in county Cork.

2. H. intacta Benth.— Close-flowered Orchis.

Neotinea intacta Reich.— Orchis intacta Link— 0. atlantica Willd.—
Aceras densiflora Boiss.— Tinea eylindracea Biv.

Districts — — — — — VI. — — IX — — —
Lat. 53° 5’—58° 30’.. Galway, Clare, and Mayo. Zype, Hibernian.

Lowland. Rocky pastures on limestone; local andrare. /7. May.

VI. In a large rocky pasture field, called the ‘‘ Hunting
Course,” to the west of the Nut-wood at Castle Taylor, Galway,
May, 1864 (Miss F. M. More): Sceman’s Journ. of Bot. 186s,
p. 228. Plentiful about 3 miles south-west of Castle Taylor ;
also about 2 miles east of Kinvarra, 1898; Mrs. UM. E. Joyce.
Base of Glanquin Hills, Clare: Corry 12880. Around Bally-
yaughan, Clare, extending for about 6 miles west and 3 miles east
348 ORCHIDEA. [ Habenaria.

of the town; also at Glanquin, 1892 (Levinge): Journ. of Bot.
1892, p. 94. Frequent from near Kinvarra, Galway, to Bally-
vaughan, Clare, and from Ballyvaughan to Ballynalackan, Clare,
1893; Dr. Leiteh—IX. On the north-east shore of Lough Corrib,
not far from Cong, 1872 (Moore): Ree. Add.

Not found in Great Britain, and reaching in Ireland its extreme
northern limit for Europe. Distinctly southern in its Continental
range, occurring in southern France, the Spanish Peninsula, and
along the Mediterranean, eastward to Greece.

First found by Miss Frances M. More, at Castle Taylor, Galway,
“in 1864.

3. H. albida R. Br.— White Mountain Orchis.

Gymnadenia albida Rich.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°, Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, Scottish.

Mountain pastures; rather rare. FJ. June-July.

I. Near Rossbeigh (J. Woods); and Gap of Dunloe, Kerry
(J. Cooke): Cyb. Sparingly by the River Flesk, and more abun-
dantly where the river Finnow joins it; sparingly in Glencar,
Kerry: &.W.S8. 1889 § 1890—II. In Dunbullogue Glen, five
miles north of Cork, and on a Danish fort in the same district:
Flor. Cork. Heathy places near Ballymacarbery, Waterford (dss
S. Grubb): Cyb.—III. In a field between Cullenagh and Strad-
bally, Queen’s Co.: Mack. Rar. By the Barrow above Tinnehinch
Bridge: Hart 1885. By the Killeen river, Slieve Bloom, 1897;
Praeger.—IV. At Luggylaw in a field on the borders of the lake,
1802: Zempleton MS. Bog at Oldbridge below Lough Dan,
Wicklow; ore. In Glencree; R.W.S.—V. Near the Three
Rock Mountain: Wade Rar. Glenasmole, 1889; Greenwood Pim.—
VI. Frequent on high grounds in Burren, 1851: O’ Mahony 1860.
Plentiful about Lisdoonvarna, Clare: Foot 186g. At Dalystown,
south-east Galway, 1897; Praeger.—VIII. A little west of Galway,
and on the west side of Lough Mask (Prof. Melville): Cyb. On
Ben Leir, Glantraigue, Galway; Miss I. F. Jackson. Mvweelrea,
Mayo: Hart 1883 «.—IX. Near Foxford, Mayo (More): Cyd.
Bruse Hill near Mohill, Leitrim (F. J. Foot): Ree. Add. Base of
Ben Whisken, very sparingly, and on the talus of King’s mountain,
Sligo: B.§V. 1885.—X. Pollaphuca, Lough Erne, rare: Bar-
rington 1884. In Tyrone (Admiral Jones): Cyb—XI. Not infre-
quent in southern Donegal; near Dunkineely; Killybegs, &c.
Habenaria. | ORCHIDEA. 349

(More): Cyb. Near Greencastle, Inishowen (W. E. Hart): Hart
1883. Rossgull; Miss A. G. Kinahan.—XII. Side of a glen in
Ballynascreen mountains, Derry, 1800; southern side of the Black
Mountain, Antrim, 1803: Templeton US. A mile east from Balli-
nure; Squire’s Hill; Carrickfergus commons: Flor. Ulst. Plenti-
ful in the townland of Carus, parish of Dungiven, Derry: Moore
MS. Carngaver Hill above Holywood, Down, 1883 (Stewart);
Scawt Hill, north of Larne (Praeger): Flor. N.-E£. On Slemish,
Antrim, 1793 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.—and plentiful at the south-
west base of the mountain in 1896 (Hart): Ir. Nat. 7896. Conlig
Hill, Down, 1891 (Praeger); Squires Hill, near Belfast, 1893 (W.
HZ, Patterson); Glenariff, Antrim (Zev. S. A. Brenan): Stewart 1894.
To 800 ft. in Donegal and in Derry (Cy8.).

A widespread species most frequent in the North, but seldom

occurring in abundance.

4. H. viridis R. Br.— frog Orchis.
Celoglossum viride Hartm.
Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XT. XI.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-Scottish.
Hilly pastures and sand-hills; not infrequent. #7. June-July.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and in Kerry. To 1000 ft. in Derry
(Moore); to 1050 ft. in Dublin (W. C.); to 1075 ft. in Clare (Foot).

5. H. bifolia R. Br.—Lesser Butterfly Orchis.

Platanthera bifolia Rich.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Tyye, British.

Marshy pastures and heaths; rather frequent. 7. June-July.

Sea-level to 1000 ft, in Derry (Stewart).

Apparently rare in the East and generally less frequent than
the following species.

6. H. chloroleuca Ridley.— Greater Butterfly Orchis.

HI. chlorantha Bab.—Platanthera chlorantha Ouster.
Districts I. IL. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Boggy fields and moist upland pastures; frequent and locally
abundant. 7. June-August.

From 100 ft. to 1000 ft. in Derry (Stewart).
350 ORCHIDEA. [ Habenaria.

This and the preceding species were not sufficiently distinguished
in many of the older records, but recent observation proves them to
be both widespread in Ireland, though unequally distributed in
many districts.

ORDER LXVI.—IRIDEZ.

IRIS Linn.
1. *I. feetidissima Linn.— Gladdon ; Stinking Iris.

Districts I. II. II]. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Zype, English.

Hedge-banks, thickets, fields, &c.; rare and nowhere native.
Fi. June-July.

I. Mucruss, Killarney (Admiral Jones): Cyb. Still in Muck-
ross shrubberies in 1897; &.W.S.—II. Naturalized on limestone
rocks at Glanworth, Fermoy (Z. Chandlee): Cyb.—III. Field
between Ballybracken and Kilkenny: Mack. Rar. Banks of the
Barrow near Portarlington: Flor. Hib.—IV. At Fassaro, south of
Bray: Wade Rar. At Tythewer, Wicklow: Jr. Flor.—vV. Ire-
land’s Eye and Howth: Wade Rar. z8o0g—still on Ireland’s Eye,
1882; W.C. Dalkey; Killiney Bay; Tagony; and abundantly at
Scholarstown: 7. Flor. Cliffs on Lambay Island, looking native:
Hart 1883 y. Abundant at Greenfields, Howth: Flor. Howth. In
Narraghmore wood ; on a ditch-bank by the road of Ballykillane,
Kildare (Carroll): Cyb—VI. In Ennis churchyard, Co. Clare:
Wade Rar. Margin of Ballycar Lake, near Ennis, looking native :
Stewart 1890. Rocky fields near Murrough, Black Head, Clare,
1895; P. B. O’Kelly—VII. By a road a little east of Edenderry
towards Rathangan, naturalized (Prof. Melville): Cyb.—IX. By
the river at Dalgan near Shrule, Co. Mayo; Miss M. F. Jackson.—
X. At Tartaraghan, Armagh (Stewart); hedge-bank in Armagh
Palace demesne: Praeger 2893.—XI. Abundantly established at
Brown Hall; well established in thickets by the sea at Rathmullan
House: Hart 1880 § 7886. Plentiful on a ditch bank at Culmore,
Derry (Moore): Colby 7837.—XII. Woods at Grey Abbey; along
the river below Newcastle, Down: Jr. Flor. Naturalized near
Coleraine (Moore): Cyb. Plentiful in a meadow by the stone
cashel at Cushendun: B. NV. FP. C. Proc. 2884.

No doubt in all cases a relic of ancient cultivation.
Lris.] IRIDEA. 351

2. Iris Pseud-acorus Linn.— Yellow Flag.

Mibernicé Cleaptpom (Lilis-thrum); Sevpcpom (Shellis-thrum).
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Vil. VIIL. IX. X. XI. XII.
Eat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. TZywe, British.
Marshy places, wet meadows, &c.; common. 7. June-July.
Sea-level in Derry and in 8. Cork. To1100 ft. in Sligo(W.C.).
In the Journal of Botany, 1891, p. 304, Mr. D. Druce states
that the only form of this plant seen by him in South Cork and
Kerry was the Var. acortrormis (Boreau).

SISYRINCHIUM Linn.
1. + 8. angustifolium Mill._— Blue-eyed Grass.

S. anceps Cav.—S. Bermudiana Linn.
Districts I. — — — — VI. —~ — — ~ ~—
Lat. 513°-53°. Kerry, Cork, and Galway only.

Lowland. Moist pastures and meadows, and boggy and heathy.
places; very rare. #1. June—July.

I. In a pasture near a planted copse north-east of Milltown,
Kerry (Lady Godfrey); also near Lough Dromin, a mile and a half
south-west of Milltown (Rev. A. Isaac): Journ. of Bot. 1882, p. 8.
Still at Milltown in 1890, extending over a limited area; also found
in the same year along the river Laune near Killorglin, and above
Aughils, west of Castlemaine: &.W.S. z89z. On damp rocks by
the sea about three miles north-west of Cahirciveen, Kerry, 1892;
R.W.S8. Near Bere Haven, Bantry Bay, Cork, 1854 (7Z. C. Eyton) :
Herb. Bot. Socy. Hdin. Ardnacashel, Bantry Bay, 1887 (IMiss
Alicia Hutchins): Herb. R. P. Vowell, Near the edge of a bog
ditch a mile east of Gortnavalig House, between the sea and the
coach-road from Bantry to Glengariff, 1896; Miss Lena Gyles.—
VI. ‘Communicated by the Rev. H. L. Jenner by whom it has
been received as an indigenous Irish plant collected in a wood near
Woodford, Co. Galway”; Rep. of Proc. of Bot. Soc. Lond.: Phytol.
w%., p. 500, 1846. ‘‘Gathered in a a coarse meadow half a mile
north of the village of Woodford, near Loughrea, in great quantity,
and on the race-course near that village, and also in a coarse
meadow near the police barrack in Rossmore .. . by James Lynam,
Esq., who sent me [Mackay] specimens in Sept. 1847”: Mackay
1859. Abundant in marshy meadows and pastures along both sides
352 IRIDEZ. [ Sisyrinchium. .

of the river for four miles from Woodford to Rossmore ; in fields by
the road from Woodford to Portumna; on a hill half a mile north-
east from Woodford, 1870 (Prof. EB. P. Wright & M. Dowd): Ree.
Add. On the Woodford race-course: Linton 1886. Rocky shore
of Lough Derg at the mouth of the Woodford river, 1895 (C.J.
Lilly): Ir. Nat. 1896. Frequent in boggy meadows by the Wood-
ford river about a mile from Lough Derg, 1896: WV. C. 2897.

Also observed growing in a neglected gravel walk near Mullin-
gar, Westmeath, in 1879 (J. R. Simms): Journ. of Bot. 1882, p. &.

A native of temperate North America, Though fully established
in thoroughly wild looking stations in Galway and Kerry, the rapid
increase of this species as an alien in Queensland and its more
recent appearance in northern and western Germany and elsewhere
on the European continent forbid its admission as an undoubtedly
indigenous member of the Irish flora. Further investigation of its
distribution in Ireland may perhaps strengthen its claim to be
regarded as native.

First found by James Lynam, at Woodford, in 1845, and pub-
lished as Irish in the Phytologist in 1846.

2. ts. californicum Dryand.— Yellow-cyed Grass.

Districts — — — IV. — — — ~—~ ~—~ —- — —

Marshy land near the sea, in Co. Wexford only; very rare.
Fi, June.

IV. In plenty over several acres of partially drained, rushy and
marshy meadow land, about a mile north of Rosslare railway
station, Wexford, 1896 (Rev. #. S. Marshall): Journ. of Bot. 7896,
p. 366.—also seen here again in the following year.

Found growing in the wettest part of the land with Orchis
incarnata, Carex distans, Eriophorum, &c., and in the opinion of
the finder either a native or intentionally introduced some years ago.
While the occurrence of this plant of Oregon and California in a
wild state in Ireland is of great interest, the fact that it has only
been. discovered quite recently and in a single station in the neigh-
bourhood of a considerable harbour is enough to disqualify it for
‘admission to native rank in the Irish flora. Further knowledge of
the habits of this interesting alien and further inquiry as to whether
it is or has been cultivated in the vicinity of Wexford Harbour or
along the Slaney or other streams discharging into it may be expected
to clear up the mystery of its appearance in Ireland.
Nareissus. | AMARYLLIDEA. 358

ORDER LXVII.—AMARYLLIDEZ.

NARCISSUS Linn.

1. *N. biflorus Curtis.—Pale Narcissus.

Districts — — III. IV. V. VI. — — — — — —

Lowland. Grassy places, usually near dwellings or ruins; rare
and nowhere native. 7. May.

ITI. In a pasture field six miles from Portarlington (Moore) :
Nat. Hist. Rev. 1859, p. 157.—1V. Established in several localities
about Bannow, Wexford, 1893; Barrett-Hamilton—vV. Near the
‘Obelisk, Killiney ; and near Newtown Park and Cabinteely: Wade
Dubl. 1794. Plentiful near the Obelisk, Killiney, no doubt planted
(More): Cyb. 1866. Fields and meadows between Clontarf and
Raheny ; about Scribblestown and Finglass: Jr. /Jor.—VI. On the
east side of the Great Island of Aran, on sandy pasture ground
between Kilronan and the sea (Moore): Cyb. Abundant on
Inishcaltra or Holy Island, Lough Derg, long established: WV. C.
1897.

In all cases a relic of cultivation, but appears to be fully natural-
ized in some of its stations.

ORDER LXVIII.—LILIACEZ.

ASPARAGUS Linn.

1. A. officinalis Linn.— Wild Asparagus.

Districts — IL — WW -—- — — — —- —- —- —
Lat. 52° 10’. South-East Ireland. Type, Atlantic.

Sandy ground by the sea; very rare. 7. August.

II. On the isthmus of Tramore, in the sand: Smith's Waterford
r7g6. On the sand-hills at Tramore, Waterford (Ifiss Grubb):
Carroll 1857.—IV. Abundant on the shore near the town of
Wexford (Messrs. McAlla & Walker): Mackay 1859. Sand-hills
in Ballyteigue Bay, Wexford (Mfr. Lewis): Rec. Add. Plentiful
on Ballyteigue Burrow, 1876; G. H. Kinahan. Bar of the Lough,

2A
354 LILIACEA. [ Asparagus.

about half way between Crossfarnoge and Bannow ; and at Bannow
Island, Wexford: Hart 7883 f.

Threlkeld, in his Synopsis, says: ‘It grows upon the Sea-coasts.
and sometimes comes to Town [Dublin] for Litter to Goods upon
Carrs.”

First recorded by Smith, from Tramore, in 1746.

SIMETHIS Kunth.
1. §. bicolor Kunth— Variegated Simethis.

Districts LS SS SO OT
Lat. 51° 45’. South-West, Kerry only. Zype, Local-Atlantic.

Lowland. Bushy and grassy places, and in rock-clefts, near the.
sea; veryrare. FU. May.

J. Hills near Derrynane Abbey, Kerry [on the Abbey Island ]
(Rev. T. O'Mahony): London Journ. of Bot. vit., p. 57z. On the
mainland a little west of Derrynane (Dr. &. P. Wright): Cyb.
West side of the Abbey Island, Derrynane; head opposite Kid’s
island, north of Derrynane ; Lamb’s Head, south of Derrynane; in
many places by the shore of Kenmare River to eight or nine miles
east of Derrynane; and about a mile inland, four miles east of
Derrynane: R.W.S. 1890 & gr.

One of the rarest plants in the Irish flora. Ranges on the
Continent from Western France by Northern Spain and Portugal
eastward along the Mediterranean to Corsica and west Italy.
Reaches its northern limit for Europe in Kerry, about one degree of
latitude north of its only English station, near Bournemouth in
Dorset, where it has, perhaps, become extinct.

First found in Ireland by the Rev. T. O’Mahony in 1848.

ALLIUM Linn.
1. { A. Babingtonii Borrer—Bulb-bearing Leek.

A. Ampeloprasum Var. Babingtonit Hook.—.A. Hallert Bab.
Districts — — — — — VI. — VI. — — XI. —
Lat. 53°-55°. West Ireland, Galway, Mayo, and Donegal.
Lowland. Rock-clefts, sandy places, and cultivated land near
the coast; rare. £7, June—July.
VI. In the South Isles of Aran (Messrs. Thomson & Ball): Flor.
Hib. (as A arenarium). Near Kilronan, Aranmore, and scattered
Allium. ] LILIACEA. 355

through all three Isles of Aran, in rock-clefts and sandy places
(M C.): Jr. Nat. 1893. At Menlough, Galway; More.
VIII. Near Roundstone, sparingly: Olwer 1845. On Tlan Glas
opposite Roundstone (Babington): Cyd. On Inish Bofin, among
ruins, &c., in two places: More 7876. South shore of Clew Bay ;
More.—XI. At Doagh Beg; near Kilmacrenan; between Ray and
Rathmullan: Hart 1880. Established on the north side of Inver
Bay: Hart 1885 y.

Probably in all cases a relic of ancient cultivation, but looks
thoroughly wild in many of its Aran island stations, where it freely
propagates itself by means of its numerous bulbils.

2. t A. Scorodoprasum Linn.—Sand Garlic,

A. arenarium Smith.
Districts I. I — — — — ~—~ ~ ~— ~— —
Lat. 51$°-522°. South-West. Type, Intermediate-Scottish.

Lowland. ‘Woods and sandy pastures; rare. 7%. June-July.

I. Plentiful in the thickets at Muckross, Killarney (Moore) : Cyb.
Thinly scattered through the Muckross shrubberies; in great
abundance in the “Green,” Tralee, and along the adjoining
stream: R.W.S. 2889. Very abundant in the Derrynane shrub-
beries; sparingly near an old castle at the head of Kenmare Bay:
R.W.8. 2890. In profusion in the woods near Bantry; woods at
Castlefreke, Rosscarbery (Phillips): Jr. Nat. 1893, p. 23.—II. By
the shore near the tower at the south side of Foaty Island: For.
Cork—still at Foaty island in 1895; Phillips. Left bank of the
Blackwater above Cregg Castle, Fermoy, and in woods in Norrey’s
Castle demesne below Mallow: Hart 28856. Above the railway
bridge at Mallow; R. P. Vowell.

Probably in all cases a relic of ancient cultivation.

3. A. vineale Linn.— Crow Garlic.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — — IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-55°. From South to North. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Dry pastures and banks; local. #7. June-July.

I. Sparingly by the Laune near Killorglin, Kerry, but very rare
in the county; &.W.S8.—II. Fields near Glanmire, Cork:
Drummond 1818. Strand of the Little Island; hedge bank at
Ballinamought: J¥or. Cork. Plentiful at Inchfield, Fermoy

242
356 LILIACE. [ Allium.

(Z. Chandlee); near Clonmel by the Suir (Moore): Cyb. By the
Owbeg, close to Castletownroche (Carroll): <Allin’s Cork. Near
Tivoli, Cork, 1892; Philips. On most of the pasture lands in
Waterford: Smith’s Waterford—tIIl. Banks of the Nore near
Inistioge, Kilkenny: Tighe Statistical Obs. 1802, At Mount
Juliet near Thomastown on the Nore: Hart 18855. Near
Kilmacow, Kilkenny (Z. Chandlee): Cyb. By the Slaney at
Aghade, Carlow: Hart 288ra.—IV. Rockfield, Wicklow (Moore) :
Cyb. By the Slaney between Macmine and Killurin, Wexford :
Hart r88ra. Near Pilltown Stage and Kilmanock, Wexford:
B.-H. § G. 1889:—V. Upon the bank side of the mill race above
Island Bridge, and in meadows near Ballygriffin in Fingall,
copiously: Threlkeld. Plentiful at Greenfields, Howth: lor.
Howth. Broad Meadow near Swords, 1891; Barrington. At
Portmarnock and Feltrim Hill, 1893; Green Hills and Portrane,
1895, &c.; locally abundant in Co. Dublin; VV. C. By the Boyne
above Queensborough, Louth: Praeger 1897.—VI. By the Shannon
near Loghill, east of Glin, Co. Limerick: &. W. 8. r89r.—
IX. Near Cong church, Co. Mayo; Miss UY. F. Jackson — XI. By
the Foyle four miles south of Derry ; Hart.—XII. Along the shore
between Hollywood and Bangor (Mr. Millen): Flor. Uist. Shane’s
Castle Park (Corry); in some plenty by the Sixmilewater above
Antrim (D. Redmond); very rare in the North-East: Flor. V.-£.
Apparently rare in the West and North.

4, A. ursinum Linn.—Ramsons.

Hibernicé Gaipleos ( Gawr-lee-yoge), Garlic.

Districts I. IJ. IIT. TV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British—English,
Damp woods and thickets; rather frequent. #7. May—June.
Near sea-level in Antrim and Kerry. To 1050 ft. in Leitrim

(B.§V.); to 1000 ft. in Queen’s Co. (Hart).

SCILLA Linn.

1. 8. verna Huds.— Vernal Squill.

Districts — -— — IV. V. — — —-~— ~—~ — XII.
Lat. 53°-553°. East and North-East. Zype, Atlantic-Scottish.

Lowland. Rocky pastures on the coast; very local. FV. April—
May.
Seilla.] LILIACEA. 357

IV. Coast at Rockfield, Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Along the
lake at the Murrough of Wicklow; W. Rk. McNab.—still at
Rockfield, 1893, and at the Murrough, 1896; R.W.S.—V. “At
Ringsend neere Dublin (Mr. Heaton)”: How, Phytologia rés0.
Howth and Ireland’s Eye: Wade Rar. Killiney Hill: Mack. Cat.
On the south side of Howth: Zr. Flor.—very abundant here, 1896;
WV. C. Abundant on the west side of Lambay Island: Hart 1883 y.
Plentiful at Clogher Head and on Castlegar Hill, Louth (J. B.
Hamilton) : Cyb.—XiI. Abundantly on the rocks and pastures near
the Giant’s Causeway: Wade Rar. Rocks along the shore from
Donaghadee to Bangor, and with pale red flowers on the west side
of Ardglass harbour: Templeton MS. Groomsport (Mr. Millen);
Rathlin Island (Jhss Gage); Portstewart (Rev. W. T. Whan):
Flor. Ulst. Frequent in the North-East: Flor. N.-£.

2. §. nutans Linn.— Blue Bell; Wild Hyacinth.

Endymion nutans Dum.—Agraphis nutans Link—Seilla festalis
Salisb— Hyacinthus non-seriptus Linn.

Districts I. IJ. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods, thickets, and heaths; frequent and locally abundant.
Fl. April-May. Caleifuge B.

Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 13850 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B. §V.) ; to 1100 ft. in Carlow (Hart).

COLCHICUM Linn.

1. C. autumnale Tinn—Meadow Saffron.

Districts — — III — — [VI] — — — — — —
Lat. 523°-523°, South-East ; Kilkenny and Carlow. Type, English.

Lowland. Meadows and pastures; very rare. £7, Aug.—Sept.

III. On the banks of the Nore between Thomastown and
Inistiogue, August, 1799 (J. Blashford); below Inistiogue Bridge,
on a flat near the river (Dr. Barker): Templeton HS. Meadows
by the river side between Kilkenny and Inistiogue: Flor. Hib.
Abundant by the Nore from above Kilkenny to Bennett’s Bridge:
Hart 18858. Plentiful in low-lying meadows by the King’s River,
a little below Callan, Kilkenny, 1898; Rev. 7. Hartley. Freshford,
Mount Juliet, and Knocktopher in the county of Kilkenny, and
Poulgower and Warrington near the city of Kilkenny (Rev. S.
358 LILIACEE. FColosionm,

Madden): Cyb. Near Carlow: Flor. Hib.—[VI. Plentiful in moist
meadows on the banks of the Shannon below Limerick (Dr. Woods) :
Mack. Cat. r825—no recent record. |

Also recorded in the Jrish Flora for Districts V. and XII., from
Finglas and Scribblestown, Co. Dublin, and Grey Abbey, Co.
Down, in which stations the plant has not been found recently, and
probably occurred as a garden escape only.

First found by J. Blashford, on the Nore, in 1799.

NARTHECIUM Mer.

1. N. ossifragum Huds.—Bog Asphodel.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Bogs and moors; frequent and locally abundant. #7. July—
August. ° Calcyfuge A.

Sea-level in Derry and Cork. To 2000 ft. in Derry (Moore);
to 2050 ft. in Mayo, 2930 ft. in Wicklow, and 2300 ft. in Waterford
(Hart).

ORDER LXIX.—JUNCACEZR.

JUNOUS Linn.

1. J. bufonius Linn.— 7Zoad Rush.

Districts I. II. WI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Damp, sandy, and heathy places, and on ground flooded in
winter ; rather common. 7. July—August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1600 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).

Var. ¥wascicutatus Koch.—JI. Connor Hill, Dingle, 1848;
J. Ball. Glengariff, Cork: Druce r8gr.

2. J. squarrosus Linn.— Heath Rush.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. TZywe, British.

Heaths and moors; common, especially in mountain districts.
Fil, June-July. Caleifuge A.
Juncus, | JUNCACEA, 359

Sea-level in Derry and in Kerry. To 2150 ft. in Donegal
(Hart) ; to 2500 ft. in Down (8S. §P.); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow
(XV. 0.); to 2680 ft. in Mayo, and to 3300 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

The highest ranging of the Irish Rushes and common on almost
all flat mountain tops throughout the country.

3. J. Gerardi Loisel.— Round-frusted Rush.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Tat. 514°-55}°. Coasts of all Ireland. Zype, British.
Salt-marshes and wet places near the sea; frequent and locally
abundant. 7, June-August.
Our plant appears to be in all cases J. Gerardi (Loisel). True

J. compressus (Jacq.) has not yet been ascertained to occur in-
Ireland.

4, tJ. tenuis Willd.—Slender Rush.

Districts I. — — — — VI. — — — ~— ~— —
Lat.514°-53°. South-West and West. Cork and Kerry, chiefly.

Lowland. Damp roadsides and beaten tracks, also in woods;
locally abundant. 77. July.

I. By the old road between Caherdaniel and Sneem, one mile
inland; in two places by the sea about two miles west of Ken-
mare, Kerry (2. W.8.): Journ. of Bot. 1889, p. 335. By the
Kenmare and Glengariff road, Kerry, about eight miles from Ken-
mare and five miles from the nearest sea; in great abundance in the
station west of Kenmare, over an area of three-quarters of a mile
by a quarter of a mile: RB. W.S. r8or. In great abundance
about Croanshagh bridge near Dereen, and at intervals over an
-area more than five miles in length from Lehid to the Co. Cork
boundary; along an old mountain road in Co. Cork between
Adrigole and Dereen, ascending to fully 500 feet; &. W. S.
Sparingly in woods at Millcove, Castletown, and at Dunboy; and
abundantly on damp roadsides and bare spots by a stream at
Adrigole, Cork: Phillips 189g.—VI1. Salt marsh near Kilronan,
Aranmore island, 1894 & -95; P. B. O’ Kelly.

The Irish head-quarters of this species is the wild rocky
peninsula between Kenmare River and Bantry Bay, where, in
parts, it seems to be the commonest of the Juned, and has at least
-all the appearance of a native:

First found in Ireland by R. W.S. in 1889.
860 JUNCACEA. [ Juncus.

In Britton and Brown’s Zilustrated Flora of the Northern United
States, 896 (Vol. I. p. 386), this interesting plant is set down as
occurring ‘‘almost throughout North America’ and as ‘now
migrating to all parts of the world.” On the European Continent
it has already been observed in Sweden, Denmark, France, Ger-.
many, North Italy, and West and South Russia, and is admittedly
introduced in some of its stations. The earliest record for the
Continent dates from 1859, the earliest for Great Britain, from
1863, when it was discovered in Renfrew. The fact that it was
first detected in Ireland only so recently as 1889 cannot be accepted
as a strong argument against its admission as a native, since it is
only of late years that a systematic survey of the flora of Kerry and
South Cork has been undertaken. Neither can its predilection for
old roads and beaten tracks in South-West Ireland be urged against.
its claim to native rank, since these are precisely the habitats it
affects in North America. Yet, on the whole, it seems best to
regard the plant as an introduction in Ireland, though here a
positive decision is even more difficult to arrive at than in the case
of Sisyrinchium angustifolium.

5. J. glaucus Ehrh.— Hard Rush.

‘ Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°. Throughout Ireland. ype, English—British.
Lowland. Damp, grassy places; frequent and locally abun-.
dant. 7. July. Calcicole B.
Rare in many parts of the country and not recorded, so far,.
either for 8. Cork or 8. Kerry.

6. J. effusus Linn.—Loose-flowered Rush.

Hibernicé Luaéap (Loo-ack-ar).
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL.
Lat. 514°-552°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Wet and marshy places; common. FY, J uly—August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 2150 £. in Donegal
(Hart) ; to 2800 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.).

J. conglomeratus Linn.

Districts I. II, III, IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Wet and marshy places; common. FY, J uly-August.
Suncus. | JUNCACEA. 361

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Derry, and
to 2350 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

J. diffusus Hoppe—J. effusus x glaucus Soknitet—V, In a wet
bog on Killakee mountain, Co. Dublin, at 1600 ft.: W. C. 7895.

7. J. maritimus Lamk.—Lesser Sea-Rush.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. ype, British-English.
Salt marshes and muddy seashores; frequent. 77. July-August.

8. J. acutus Linn.— Great Sea-Rush.

Uiswiels Ti Te = 1 os SS
Lat. 514°-53°, South and South-East. Type, English-Atlantic.

Sandy and muddy sea-shores; rare. FV. June.

I. Strand near Timoleague, Cork (Drummond): Flor Cork.
Abundantly at Flaxfort a few miles from Timoleague; and on
sands at Rosscarbery: Allin 1872. A few plants at Castlefreke
sands (Rev. 7. Allin): Ree, Add.—still there in 1896; RB. W.S.
Left bank of the Rowry river, above Millcove harbour, near Glan-
dore: Allin 1874. At Harbour View: -Allin’s Cork. Abundant
at Tralispen near Lough Hyne; Phillips. Seafort near Schull;
J. J. Wolfe.—II. On a sand-bank called the Cunnegar near Dun-
garvan, Waterford: Flor. Cork r845—and circa 1865 (Professor
Murphy): Cyb. Near Tramore, Waterford (Ifiss S. Grubb):
Carroll 1857.—IV. Sandy shores between Wicklow and Arklow
(Hr. Hodgins): Mack. Cat. Along the river side between Dun-
ganstown and the seashore, Wicklow: Jr. Jor. Curracloa,
Wexford (J. Morrison): Carroll 185g. Raven Point; Curracloa ;
between Courtown and Kilmichael Point; along all the east coast
of Wexford where sand-hills occur, reaching north to near Wicklow
Head, and most abundant south of Cahore Point, but not on the
south coast of Wexford: Hart r88ra.

Has its headquarters in Ireland along the coasts of Wexford
and Wicklow.

9. J. supinus Mcench—Bog Rush.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Boggy places, and in mountain lakes and bog pools; frequent.
Fil, June-August. Caletfuge A.
362 JUNCACEA. [ Juncus.

Sea-level in Derry and in §. Cork. To 2200 ft. in Donegal,
and to 2400 ft. in Kerry (Hart); to 2850 ft. in Wicklow
(Wy. C.).

Var. vuorrans Lamk,—The submerged or floating filiform
variety is not infrequent in still mountain lakes. It has been
observed in (I) Kerry, and (VIII.) Connemara by More; in (VI.)
Clare by Moore; in (XII) the Mourne mountains by Stewart §
Praeger ; and in (IX.) the Ox mountains by W. C.

10. J. obtusiflorus Ehrh.—Bluntflowered Rush.

Districts I. — III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XIL.
Lat. 512°-544°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, English.

Lowland. Boggy places, chiefly near the coast; rather rare.
Fi, Tuly—August.

I. Near Dingle, Kerry (Moore): Rec. Add. Coast between
Camp and Tralee, Kerry: Hart 1884. By Barrow Harbour; and
bog at Clogherbrian, Tralee: R.W.S. 2888. Bog near Bandon:
Herb. Mackay—IIl. Near Emo and Portarlington, Queen’s Co. :
Praeger 1897.—IV. In marshy fields adjoining the Murrough
of Wicklow; and at Killoughter about three miles north of
Wicklow (Hoore): Cyb.—V. Shore east of Dollymount, Dublin :
Moore § More 1878. Portrane; Saggard; and Garristown, Co.
Dublin: WV. C. 2895. Near Castlebellingham, Louth: Butler
1890. Abundant south of Kildare town, 1897 ; Praeger —VI. Salt
marsh at the mouth of the Creagh river, Clare; Moore. Foynes,
Limerick: Stewart 1890.—VII. Scraw Bog, Loughanstown ;
Robinstown Tyrrell; and south-east end of Lough Owel, West-
meath: Levinge 1594.—VIII. Boggy slopes at foot of Urrisbeg
mountain, Connemara (More): Rec. Add. At Slyne Head,
Galway, 1897; Barrington. In Co. Mayo, on sands near Bel-
mullet; and—IX. At Moyview; More. Near Lough-a-chree and
Dromore West, Sligo: W. C. 2896. Rosses and Ballysodare, Sligo,
1897; Praeger—XI. Washpool stream near Ballyshannon; Cavan
Garden Lakes; and elsewhere on limestone in south-west Donegal :
Hart 1885 y.—XII. Near the brick-works at Clough on the shore
of Dundrum Bay, Down, sparingly (Stewart): Cyb. Marshy
places on the Downs at Ardglass, Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell):
8S. & P. 1895.

Not always distinguished from robust forms of J. acut¢florus, and
perhaps frequent throughout Ireland.
Juncus. | JUNCACEA, 363

11. J. lamprocarpus Ehrh.—Shining-fruited Rush.

Districts I. II, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Lowland. Marshy places; rather common. JV. July-August.

12. J. acutiflorus Ehrh.—Sharp-flowered Rush.

J. silvaticus Reichb.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Bogs and wet or marshy places; common. FV. June-August.
Sea-level in Derry and Cork. To 1900 ft. in Down (S. §P.);
to 2000 ft. in Wicklow (&. C.).

LUZULA DC.

1. L. vernalis DC.— Vernal Wood-rush.

LL. pilosa Willd.
Districts I. Il. III. IV. V. — VII. — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-55}°. From South to North. Type, British.

‘Woods, mountain heaths, &c.; rather local. £7. April-May.

I., II., IV., V., and X. Frequent, occurring in Kerry, Cork,
Dublin, Wicklow, King’s Co., Fermanagh, and Armagh.—III. By
the Nore at Woodstock, Kilkenny: art 1885 6.—VII. Knock
Drin; Donore, &., Westmeath: ZLevinge 1894. Clonad Wood,
King’s Co., 1896; Praeger—XI. Woods at Glenalla; Carragh-
blagh; and Cliff: Hart 2879 & 1886.— XII. Common in north-east
Ireland: Flor. N.-£.

From sea-level in Wicklow to 1400 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

It is somewhat remarkable that this species has not yet been
recorded for any station west of the Shannon.

2. L. maxima DC.— Great Wood-Rush.

L. sylvatica Gand.
Hibernicé Guinneaé ( Geen-ack), Prickly [plant].
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. 1X. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Woods, thickets, and rocky or heathy places on mountains ;
frequent. J%. May-June. Calecifuge B.
364 JUNCACEZ. [Lusula.

Sea-level in Derry and S. Cork. To 2460 ft. in Donegal, and
to 2796 ft. in Down (Flor. Uist.); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.)
and in Tipperary (Hart); to 3414 ft.in Kerry (Hart).

3. L. campestris DC.—Fveld Wood-Rush.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Dry pastures; common. 7. April-May.

Sea-level in Derry and in 8. Cork. To 2350 ft. in Down,
2680 ft. in Mayo, and 3070 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Var. wrwora (Desv.)—L. multiflora (Lej.)—Throughout Ireland,
chiefly on heaths in mountain districts; locally abundant, ranging
with L. campestris to 3000 ft. in Kerry. Caleifuge B.

ORDER LXX.—TYPHACEZ.

TYPHA Linn.

1. T. latifolia Linn.— Great Reed-Mace.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VITI. IX. X. XT. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Lakes, ditches, and marshy places; frequent and
locally abundant. #7. June—July.

2. T. angustifolia Linn.— Lesser Reed-Mace.

Districts — — — — [V.] — — — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 543$°-552°. North Ireland. Zype, English.

Lowland. Lakes and ditches; rare. /. July.

[V. Between Sandymount and Merrion, abundantly: Wade
Dubl. In the lake at Sandymount: Flor. Hib. Marshes near
Irishtown: Jr. Flor.—apparently extinct in all of these stations. |}—
X. Lough Gullion and Closet river, Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett);
Bann mouth, Lough Neagh (J. Hl. Davies); at the mouth of the
Lagan canal, Lough Neagh (Praeger): Praeger 1893.—XI. In two
or three lakes in the north of Fanet; Hart—XII. Abundant in
Lough Hanay, between Lisburn and Saintfield (I. Campbell):
Flor, Hib, Still abundant in Lough Hanay (Rev. C. A. Waddell) :
S. & P. 2895. In Long Lough north of Ballinahinch, Down, 1884
Typha. | TYPHACE A. 365

(Stewart): Flor. N.-#£. Abundant on the shores of Portmore Lake,
Antrim, and at Selchin [Selshan] by Lough Neagh (Moore): Cyb.
At Portmore, 1882 (Rev. H. W. Lett): Flor. N.-£. Abundant in
Derry Lough near Ballinahinch (Stewart): S. & P. 2895. Mill
‘dam by the shore at Bishop’s Mill, north of Portaferry, Down
(Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 280.

SPARGANIUM Linn.

1. §. ramosum Huds.—Branched Bur-Reed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Ditches, pools, &c.; frequent. £7, June-July.

To 600 ft. in Donegal (Hart); but usually lowland.

Var. microcarrum Meum.—VII. Near Quarry Bog, Knock
Drin, Westmeath : Linton 1896.

Var. weetectum Beeby.—I. Near Clogherbrian Bog, Tralee:
R.W.S8. 1889. — TI. Marsh near Power Head, Cork, 1897;
Phillips.—V. Canal side east of Maynooth, Kildare; &.W. S.

2. S. simplex Huds.— Unbranched Bur-Reed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. XK. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Lowland. Ditches, streams, canals, &c.; not infrequent. £7.
July-August.
By no means so frequent as the preceding species and
apparently rare in the West.

8. §. natans Linn.—(aggregate), Moating Bur-reed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-Scottish.
Lakes, bog-holes, and ditches; frequent. #7. July-August.

S. affine Schnizl.

Districts I. Il. — — V. — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Tat. 514°-552°. West and South. Zype, British-Scottish.

Lakes in mountainous situations; rather rare. #7. July-August.
_ I. Killarney Lakes; Waterville Lake; Clonee Lakes; Lough
Brin, &., Kerry; &.W.S. Lakelet near the summit of Mount
366 TYPHACEA. [ Sparganium.

Gabriel, Skibbereen ; and frequent in bogs in the Schull promon-
tory; Phillips —II. Ballyscanlon Lake near Tramore, Waterford ;
Barrington.—V. Whitewood Lough, Co. Meath, 1897; Praeger.—
VIII. Not infrequent near Roundstone, Connemara (Moore): Cyb.
Inishbofin: More 7876. Between Newport and Mulranny, and at.
the base of Croaghpatrick, Mayo; in several places in Connemara,
Galway: Hart 1883 0.—IX. South-east corner of Lough Mask :
i. § 8. 1896. In Loughs Ramduff and Glendarragh, Ox moun-
tains, Sligo: WV. C. 7896.—X. In Co. Armagh, near Derryadd Bay,
Lough Neagh; Clay Lake, near Keady, &c.: Praeger 1893.—
XI. Tory Island: Barrington 1879. Lakes near Slieve League, and
Lough Drimly near Culdaff: Mor. Uist. Loughs Keel, Golagh,
and Glenveagh; near Mamore Gap: Hart 1879 & 1880.—
XII. Castlewellan Lake, 1808; and in the Moss Hole flow
[Cranmore], 1803: Zempleton MS. Lakes near Fair Head, Antrim
(Moore): Cyb. Annesboro’ Lake, Castlewellan, Down; and mouth
of the Sixmilewater, Lough Neagh, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
Sparingly in Altnadua Lake, Down: 8S. ¢ P. 2892.
Sea-level in Mayo to 2100 ft. in Donegal (Hart).

S. minimum Fries.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland.

Lowland. Lakes, ditches, and bog holes; frequent. #7. July—
August.

I. Ross Island, Killarney; streams near Waterville, &c.;.
widely distributed in Kerry; &. W.S. Plentiful at Three Castle
Head and Cape Clear; PAillips.—II. At Dunsfort and Kilcoleman:
Allin’s Cork.—III. Bog near Monasterevan, and by the Nore be-
tween Kilkenny and Thomastown: Hart 1885 § 1885 8.—IV. At.
Clohamon, Wexford: Hart 188ra.—vV. Bog-holes near Castle
Bellingham, Louth; 4.C.—VI. Frequent in bogs about Ennis:
Stewart 1890.—VII. Near Parsonstown (IM. Dowd): Ree. Add.
Quarry Bog, Knock Drin, Westmeath: Levinge r894.—VIII. At
Roundstone; More. Oughterard (Miss Knowles): P. & C. 1895.—
IX. Lisloughrey Bay, Lough Mask, 1896; Miss U. F. Jackson.—
X. Near Drum, Clones (J. Bain): Rec. Add. Near Enniskillen,
Lough Erne: Barrington 7884. Fymore Lake, Favour Royal,
Tyrone: Hart 1887. Loughnashade near Armagh (Rev. W. FF.
Johnson); bog drains south of Portadown: Praeger 1893.—
Sparganium. | TYPHACEA. 367

XI. Ballyhooriskey and Glenalla: Hart 2879. Very common in
Aranmore Island; in Lough Fad, Inishowen: Hart 1880 & 1883.
Bog drains near Muckish mountain, 1884; WV. C._—XII. Lakelets
at south-east end of Rathlin Island: Stewart 788g. Loughna-
eranagh, Fair Head (Praeger): Flor. N.-£. Bog-holes at the
upper end of a lake north-west of Milltown, near Warrenpoint,
Down: S.& P. 1892. Near Crossgar, Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell) ;
near Parkmore, Antrim (Rev. 8. 4. Brenan): 8S. & P. 1895.

ORDER LXXI.—AROIDEZ.

ARUM Linn.

1. A. maculatum Linn.— Cuckoo-pint.

Districts I. IJ. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.

Woods and hedges, also in shady, rocky places; frequent. 77.
April-May. :

To 1000 ft. in the Mourne mountains (S. § P.); but usually low-
land.

ACORUS Linn.

1. * A. Calamus Linn.—Sweet Flag.

Districts — — — — V. — — — — — — KI.
Lakes and canals; rare and undoubtedly introduced. FV. June—
July.

V. In the river Boyne near Bective: Jr. Nat. 2896, p. 2176.—
XII. Lakes at Hillsborough and Ballinahinch, Down; but most
probably planted there: Zempleton MS. Profusely on both. sides of
the Lagan canal for six or seven miles between Lisburn and Moira,
Down, 1866 (Stewart): Rec. Add. In the lake at Ballinahinch,
1875 (Stewart): Mor. N.-#. Quite naturalized throughout the
course of the Lagan canal: S. & P. 2895.

In Harris’s Down, 1744, this plant is mentioned as grown in
the gardens of Sir John Rawdon at Moira, whence, no doubt, it
spread into the Lagan.
368 LEMNACEZ. [ Lemna.

ORDER LXXII.—LEMNACE.

LEMNA Linn.

1. L. trisulea Linn.—Jvy-leaved Duckweed.

Districts I. I. If. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 512°-552°. From South to North. ype, English-British.

Lowland. Ditches, pools, bog-holes, canals, &c., in stagnant
water; rather frequent. £7. June.

I. In two or three places about Killarney, not noticed elsewhere
in Kerry; 2.W.S.—II. Buttevant; Fermoy; Youghal; Midle-
ton; &c.: Allin’s Cork. Inch bog near Power Head, Cork, 1895 ;
Phillips. Kilbarry bog near Waterford: B.-H. g G. r8go0.—Ill.
Bog near Graigavern, to the south of Monasterevan and in Queen’s
Co.: Hart 1885.—IV. Ditches on the Murrough of Wicklow
(Moore) ; bog near Enniscorthy, Wexford (Carroll): Cyb. At Kil-
manock, and in the Pill of Rathdooney, Rosslare, Wexford:
B.-H. & @. 1890.—V. Frequent, occurring in Meath, Louth, and
Dublin.—VI. At Tuam: Wade Gallovid. Plentiful near Limerick
(Carroll); abundant in drains at Portumna (Moore): Cyb.—VII.
Doonis Lough, Lough Ree: B. & V. 2887. Kilmaglish and Scraw
Bog, Westmeath: Levinge 189¢.—IX. Hazelwood near Sligo
(Admiral Jones): Cyb. Claremorris lake, Mayo, and adjoining
ditches: Marshall 1896.—X. Near Crum Castle, Lough Erne:
Barrington 1884.—XII. Common in north-east Ireland: Flor.
N.-£.

2. L. minor Linn.— Common Duckweed.

Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Ponds and ditches; common. 7. June—July.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 850 ft. in Dublin
(NV. C.).

3. L. gibba Linn.— Gibbous Duchweed.

Districts — II. — IV. V. VI. — — — X. — XII
Lat. 523°-543°, South to North. Type, English-Germanic.
Lowland. Stagnant ponds and ditches; rare. Fl. June—July.
Lemna. | LEMNACEA. 369

II. Plentiful in Kilbarry bog near Waterford: B.-H.& G.
z890.—IV. Ditches at Churchtown, Wexford: Marshall 1898.—
V. Ardee bog, Louth: ir. Flor. Bog of Cool, below Ardee
(J. White); ponds near Glasnevin (Moore): Cyb. Pond near
Ballisk, Donabate; and mill-pond at Balbriggan, Co. Dublin:
NV. C. 1893 & 1895. Drains by the Boyne below Drogheda, Meath ;
and very abundant in an artificial lake at Beaulieu House near
Queensborough, Louth: Praeger 1897.—VI. Near Limerick
(Prof. Harvey): Cyb.—X. In Lough Erne, north of Enniskillen :
Barrington 1884. Brackish drains below Newry; and abundant in
‘the Closet river near Lough Neagh, Armagh: Praeger 1893.
Drain near Maghery, Lough Neagh, Tyrone, 1896; Mrs. Leebody.—
XII. Abundant by the Lagan and near Lough Neagh (Moore): Cyb.
Newry canal; by the Quoile below Downpatrick; brackish ditches
between Queen’s Quay and Connswater (Stewart); Ballycroghan
near Bangor (Praeger); Bog Meadows, Belfast (Corry): Flor. N.-E.

4. L. polyrhiza Linn.—Greater Duckweed.

Spirodela polyrhiza Schleid.
Districts — — — — V. VI. VII. — — — — [XII]
Lat. 533°-532°, Middle and North. Type, English.

Lowland. Ditches and pools; rare. £7. June.

VY. Brackish ditch near Irishtown, Dublin (Jfoore); pond in the
Phoenix Park (Hore): Cyb.—VI. Common about Limerick (W. Z.
Harvey): Flor. Hib.—VII. Belvedere Lake, Westmeath (Moore);
pools near Mullingar (Ff. J. Foot): Cyb. Near Multyfarnham,
Westmeath, 1869; Moore. Pond by the roadside near Portna-
shangan Rectory, Westmeath: Levinge 2894. Drain near Doonis
Lake, Lough Ree: 2B. §& V. 1887.—[XII. In a flax-hole below
the second lock of the Lagan canal, 1884 (S. I Malcomson), a
‘modern introduction: Flor. V.-E. ]

ORDER LXXITI.—ALISMACEZ.

ALISMA Linn.

1. A. Plantago Linn.— Great Water-Plantain.
Districts I. II. IT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.
Lowland. Lakes, ponds, &c.; frequent. £7. July-August.
2B
370 ALISMACEZ. [Alisma.

2. A. ranunculoides Linn.—Lesser Water-Plantain.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.
Lowland. Boggy and marshy places; frequent. #7. June—July..
Var. nupens (Davies).—Not infrequent by lake margins in
mountainous districts.

SAGITTARIA Linn.

1. §. sagittifolia Linn.—Arrow-head.

Districts — — ITI. — V. VI. VII. — IX. X. — XI.
Lat. 522°-552°. Middle and North. Type, English.

Lowland. Ditches, rivers, canals, and lakes; local. 7. July—
August.

III. In the Barrow at Carlow; Greenwood Pim. In the Barrow
below Athy in Queen’s Co.; #. W.S. At Portarlington, Queen’s.
Co.; Praeger.—V. Holes between Glasnevin and Drumcondra
Bridge, Dublin: Jr. Flor. Not infrequent in the Canals near
Dublin (Moore): Cyb. Abundant in the Royal and Grand Canals,
Dublin, 1895; quarry holes by the Tolka river, Dublin; V.C.
Black river near Monasterevan, Kildare: Hart 1885.—VI. In the.
Shannon near Limerick (Carroll): Cyd. Near the harbour, Por-
tumna; and at the mouth of the Woodford river, Lough Derg,
Galway: WV. C. 1897.—VII. In the Shannon above and below
Lanesborough, Longford: Wade Rar.—whence it has spread into-
the Royal Canal: Cyé. Drains near Portumna, Tipperary: JMack..
ar, Inthe canal west of Longford : Foot 1865. Lough Derevaragh ;
and in the River Inny, Westmeath, plentiful: Levinge r894.—
IX. In Lough Key near Boyle: Foot 7865.—X. At the mouth of
a small river opening into Lough Erne, Fermanagh; near Dun-.
gannon; in the Bann near Portadown, Armagh: Mack. Rar.
Verner’s Bridge, Armagh (Admiral Jones): Cyd. Abundant along
the Lough Neagh shore in Armagh, and in the Blackwater and the.
Ulster and Newry canals: Praeger 7893. Doon Point, Lough
Neagh, Tyrone (Miss Ul. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897. Lake at
Killikeen and at Drigget, Co. Cavan (Rev. NV. J. Halpin): Flor.
Ulst.—XII. In the large drain at Portmore, and other places
about Lough Neagh, 1794 (Zempleton): Whitla MS. In the
Bann at Portglenone: Templeton MS. In a small lake above.
Sagittaria. | ALISMACEAL. 871

Kilrea, and abundant by the Bann from Toome to near Ooleraine,
Derry: Moore MS. In the Bann at Toome; pond at Belmont and
many places in the Newry canal; also frequent in the Lagan
canal from Lough Neagh to near Belfast (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Occurs along the whole course of the Shannon and canals
issuing from it, whence it has spread southward into the Barrow;
also throughout the basin of Lough Neagh.

BUTOMUS Linn.

1. B. umbellatus Linn.— Flowering Rush.

Districts — II. — — VY. VI. VII. — — X. — XII.
Lat. 512°-544°. South, Middle, and North-East. Type, English.

Lowland. Rivers, ditches, canals, and lakes, in stagnant water ;
rare and local. #7. June-August.

II. In the Blackwater above the bridge at Fermoy: Drummond
r8r9. Blackwater near Fermoy: Hart 18855. Ballycotton bog,
and abundant near Buttevant (Rev. 7. Allin): Rec. Add. Near
Doneraile and Castletownroche (Carroll); Charleville (Rev. 7.
Allin): Allin’s Cork. Banks of the Blackwater near Lismore,
Waterford; &. #. Currey.—V. Ditch near the Grand Canal below
Lord Cloncurry’s house, Kildare: Mack. Cat. In the Tolka below
Glasnevin bridge (Moore); in the Mattack river near Drogheda
(J. B. Hamilton); perhaps introduced in both stations: Cyd. In
the Boyne near the Obelisk; Rev. H. G. Carroll_VI1. About the
Shannon, and near Corbally bridge, Limerick: Wade Rar. Plentiful
near Limerick (Prof. Harvey): Cyd. Banks of the Shannon at
Castle Connell ; ditches near Corrofin, Clare: Uack. Rar. Marshes
about the river Fergus: Wade Rar. Abundant about Ennis
(Rev. T. Warren): Cyb. Near Ennis, 1892; Levinge. Island in
Lough Derg near Killaloe (C. B. Barrington): Hart r188ry.
Sparingly in bog drains by the Shannon at Killaloe; and—VII. In
the Nenagh river near Dromineer, Tipperary: JV. C. 7897. In the
Brosna at Parsonstown (M. Dowd): Rec, Add.—X. Shores of the
upper Bann; in the canal near Tanderagee, Armagh (Admiral
Jones); in the Blackwater near Maghery (Rev. G. Robinson): Cyb.
Abundant along the Lough Neagh shores and connecting water-
ways, Co. Armagh: Praeger 2893. Doon Point, Lough Neagh,
Tyrone (Miss IU. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—XII. South end of
Lough Clay [Lough Leagh ] near Killaleagh, Down, 1804: Zempleton

2B2
372 ALISMACEA. [ Butomus.

MS,.—and in 1891: B. WN. F.C. Proc. 1891-97. In the Lagan near
Belfast, but introduced: For. Uist. Abundant in the Lagan canal
near Moira and elsewhere ; also in the Lake at Ballynahinch, Down
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Mouth of the Six-Mile Water (W. 8.
Smith); Crumlin waterfoot (Miss Knowles): S.§ P. 1895.

Frequently planted and perhaps introduced in many of its stations.

Threlkeld, in his Synopsis, 7727, says that this plant was “‘ sent
from the Barrow.”

ORDER LXXIV.—NAIADACEZ.
TRIGLOCHIN Linn.

1. T. palustre Linn.—Warsh Arrow-grass,

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Wet meadows and marshy places; frequent. 7. June-August.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Donegal and
to 1500 ft. in Tipperary (art).

2. T. maritimum Linn.—Sea Arrow-grass.

Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XU.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Coasts of all Ireland. Zyye, British.
Salt marshes; frequent. #7. July-August.

POTAMOGETON Linn.

1. P. natans Linn.— Floating Pond-weed.
Districts I. JI. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. X01.

Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.
Lowland. Ponds, lakes, &c.; common. FV. June-July.

2. P. polygonifolius Pourr.— Oblong-leaved Pond-weed.

Hibernicé Oullears an aban (Dhillisk an ow-ann), River Dulse.
Districts I, I]. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIL. IX. X. XI. XI
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Streams, bog-holes, &c.; common. FV. June-Aug. Calerfuge A,
Potamogeton. | NAIADACEZ. 378

Var. pszupo-riuitans Syme—I. In several streams in Kerry :
RW. 8. 1888-90.—VIII. Lakes and streams at Ballinahinch, Con-
nemara ; characteristic of streams connected with mountain districts
(More): Rec. Add.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and Kerry. To 1550 ft. in Down, and
to 1500 ft. in Kerry (Hart); to 1900 ft. in Wicklow (W.C.).

P. fluitans Roth.

Districts — — — — — — [VIL] — — X% — —
Lat. 533°-543°. Counties of Longford (?) and Armagh only.

Lowland. Rivers and lakes; very rare.

[VII. An immature plant found growing abundantly in the
River Inny below Ballymahon, Longford, has been doubtfully
named P. fluitans var. nivotanis Lange by Mr. Arthur Bennett:
B. & V. 1887. |—X. In Lough Neagh, at Maghery, Co. Armagh:
Praeger 1893.

P. Kirkit Syme.

P. sparganiifolius (Leest.) Bab. Man.
Districts — — — — — — — VIII — — — —
Lat. 534°. County Galway only. Type, Hibernian.

VIII. In the river at Maam, Galway (7. Hirk): Bab. Manual
4th Ed., p. 351, 1856. A single patch in the Maam river, July
1895: M&S. 1896.

In the Journ. of Bot. 2894, p. 377 Mr. Alfred Fryer states that
the Maam plant differs widely from Swedish specimens of P. spar-
ganitfolius (Leest.) named by Tiselius, and agrees with Mr. Arthur
Bennett as to the propriety of naming the Irish plant P. Kirkii

Syme.
3. P. plantagineus Ducr.—Plantain-leaved Pond-weed.

P. coloratus Hornem. .
Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIIT. IX. — — XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. South and Middle, chiefly. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Ditches in peaty ground; rather rare. 7. June-
July.

I. Near Bantry (Babington): Cyb.—I. and II. Not infrequent
in bogs near Cork (Carroll): Cyb.—TIII. Near Maryborough ;
Praeger.—IV. Ditches on the Murrough of Wicklow, and other
places in the county (Moore): Cyb.—V. Plentiful in a ditch near
374 NAIADACEA. [ Potamogeton.

the thirteenth lock, south of the Grand Canal, Kildare (J. Douglas) ;
and common in ditches on the bogs among the Dublin mountains
(Moore): Cyb.  Braganstown and Ardee bogs, Louth, 1897;
Praeger.—V1. In ditches in the bog at Kilmacduagh, Galway
(More); near Portumna, Galway (Moore): Cyb. Clonbrock river,
East Galway: Praeger 1896.—VII. In the county Westmeath,
near Mullingar, &c. (Moore): Cyb. Scraw bog, Loughanstown :
Levinge 1894.—VIII. Near Galway (Prof. Melville) ; at Roundstone
(7. Kirk): Cyb.—IX. Bog ditches near Hollymount, Mayo (More) :
Cyb.— XII. At Magilligan, Derry, and not infrequent in Antrim
(Moore): Cyb. Notseen recently in north-east Ireland: Flor. W.-L.

4. P. rufescens Schrad.—Reddish Pond-weed.

P. alpinus Balb.
Districts I. II. III. IV. — VI. VII. VIII. — X. XI. XII.
Tat. 514°- 55°. South to North. Type, British.

Lowland. Ditches, lakes, and streams; rare and local. 7.
June-July.

I. Lower Lake, Killarney; Caragh Lake; near Lixnaw, &c.,
Kerry: 2.W.S8S. 2888-gz.—II. At Blarney (&. Mills); Kilbree
near Midleton; and in the Blackwater at Carrigacunna (Allin);
at Buttevant (Carroll): Allin’s Cork. Corrin bog near Fermoy
(2. Chandlee): Cyb.—III. Ditch near Mountrath, Queen’s Co.
(J. Morrison): Rec. Add. River Barrow in Queen’s Co. below
Athy; &.W.S.—IV. Ditches on the Murrough of Wicklow
(Moore): Cyb.—VI. Ditches near Limerick, but not common
(W.H. Harvey): Flor. Hib. Saint Senan’s Lough, Co. Clare:
Stewart 1890.—VII. Belvidere Lake, Westmeath (Moore): Cyb.
Drain near Ballykeeran: B. &V. 2887. Drain from Lough Drin,
Westmeath: Linton 1896.—VIII. Near Galway (Prof. Melville) :
Cyb.—X. Belturbet, Cavan (Moore): Cyd. Carrick Lake, Fer-
managh: Stewart 1882. Stream in Tynan Abbey demesne,
Co. Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. On the race-course bog near
Londonderry (Moore): Cyb. Lough Unshagh, near Slieve League,
Donegal: Hart 1885 y.—XTI. Enagh Lough, and in the river Roe,
Derry (Moore): Flor. Hib. In the Lagan canal: Flor. Uist.
Ballymena, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Newry canal; drains by
Magherascouse Lake, Down; and Lough Mourne (Stewart); in
Sixmilewater at Templepatrick (Corry); Glendun (Rev. S. A.
Brenan): Flor, N.-E. In Burren river near Newcastle, Down:
8.% P. 1892.
Potamogeton. | NATADACEZ. 875

The hybrid P. rufescens x heterophyllus is doubtfully recorded
-as occurring in Lough Neagh at Maghery, Armagh: Praeger 1893.

5. P. lanceolatus Smith—Lanceolate-leaved Pond-weed.

Districts — — — — — VWI —~ ~ — — — —
Lat. 538°-5383°. Clare and Galway only.

Lowland. Streams; very rare. FV. July-August.

VI. In Cahira river south of Black Head, Clare (P. B. O’ Kelly):
Journ. of Bot. 1891, p. 344 :—growing here in a rather strong
‘current on a gravelly bottom: Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. 195.

A peculiar form was gathered by Mr. R. Ll. Praeger in the
“Clonbrock river, East Galway in 1896. While placing this in a
wide sense under P. lanceolatus, Mr. Arthur Bennett suggests that
it should be ranked as a variety or form with the name Adbernicus :
Lr, Nat. 1896, p. 213.

The localities recorded in the first edition of this work are no
-doubt errors, so that the title of this rare plant, in its typical form,
to a place in the Irish flora rests, so far, on Mr. O’Kelly’s interest-
ing discovery.

It has been suggested that this Pondweed, which is apparently
endemic in the British Isles, is of hybrid origin, i.e. P. hetero-
phyllus x pusillus, and this should be borne in mind when searching
for the plant.

6. P. heterophyllus Schreb.— Vartous-leaved Pond-weed.

P. gramineus Fries.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. — VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 52°-552°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British-
English.

Lowland. Ponds, ditches, and rivers; not infrequent. 7.
June-July.

Var. craminirotrus Fries—I. River Laune, Kerry, for nearly
its whole course: R. W.S. 2890 (as P. nitens var. salicifolius
Fries).—II. In the Blackwater near Fermoy, and in its tributaries,
‘the Funcheon and Owhbeg, 1896; 2. W. S.—V. In the Boyne below
Navan, Co. Meath (R. W.8.): B. Ex. C. Report 1893.—this is
the plant doubtfully referred to P. heterophyllus in Oyb. zst Ed.,
and to P. Lonchites (Tuck.) in Rec. Add. In River Liffey near
Lucan and Leixlip, Dublin 1894-95; NW. C.—VI. and IX. In
the River Suck at Mount Talbot, Roscommon; Levinge.
376 NAIADACEA. [ Potamogeton..

7. P. nitens Weber—Bright-leaved Pond-weed.

‘Districts I. — III. — V. — VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°. South to North. TZype, Scottish.

Lowland. Lakes and rivers; rare. £%. June-July.

I. In a large lake at Castlegregory, Kerry, 1864 (Moore) : Journ..
of Bot., 1864, p. 326. Still at Castlegregory, but not plentiful ;.
near the mouth of the Flesk, Killarney: &. W. 8S. 1888 & 89.—
III. and V. River Barrow about Monasterevan; and—VII. Black
river north of Monasterevan: Hart 2885 (as P. rufescens). Lough
Derevaragh: Levinge 1894.—VIII. Stream from Lough Keel,
Achill Island (More): Journ. of Bot. 1889.—IX. Lough Bofin,
Leitrim, 1871 (W. 7. Dyer): Herb. Brit. Mus.—XI. Stream join-.
ing Loughs Akibbon and Gartan, and in Kinny Lough, Fanet; Hart.—
XII. Lough Aghery, Down, 1887 (Stewart): Flor. N.-#. Annsboro
Lake, Down, and in the Sixmilewater, near Antrim: Stewart 1894..

First recorded for the British Isles by David Moore, from
Castlegregory, in 1864.

Var. tartrourus Zis.—I. River Laune near the lake, Killarney :
R.W.S. 1890 (perhaps a hybrid—P. nitens x perfoliatus).

8. P.lucens Linn.—Shining Pond-weed.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.
Lowland. Lakes, rivers, and pools; local. 7. June-July.

P. decipiens Nolte.

Districts — — — — VY. ~— VII. — — — XI. —
Lat. 583°-55°. Middle and North. Lowland; apparently rare.
VY. In the canal by the Boyne near Navan, 1868 (Charles
Bailey): B. He. C. Rep. 1869—still there, 1897; R.W.S. Royal
eanal near Clonsilla, Co. Dublin, 1889; R.W. S.—VII. Lough
Dereveragh, fine and plentiful in one spot: Linton 1896.—
XI. Long Lough near Fort Royal, Rathmulian: Hart 7885 y.
Usually regarded as a hybrid between P. Jucens and P. perfolvatus..

P. Zizi Roth.
P. angustifolius Presl.
Districts I. — — — Y. VI. VI. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-55°. South to North. Lowland; rather rare.
Potamogeton. | NATADACEA. 377

I. Inasmall lake in Muckruss demesne; in the river Laune
near Ballymalis Castle, Kerry : &.W. 8. r889.—V. Plentiful in the
Boyne at Bective, Meath: Praeger 1897.—VI. Lough Senan,
Clare: Stewart r890.—VII. Lough Drin and Lough Dereveragh,
Westmeath: Levinge 1894. Plentiful in Lough Ree: B.§V.
1887.—VIII. Locally abundant in Lough Corrib, near Maam:
MM. § 8. 1896.—IX. River at Sligo; and in Glenade Lake: B.&V.
1885. River Suck, Roscommon: Levinge in Herb.—X. Sparingly
in the stream connecting Carrick Lake with Bunnahone Lake, near
Derrygonnelly, Fermanagh: Stewart 1882. Abundant near Kesh
river, Lough Erne: Barrington 2884. Lough Neagh, near Kinnegoe
(Praeger), near Derryadd Bay (Rev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—
XI. Letter river near Pettigoe: Hart 7885. Lakes in Fanet,
Donegal ; Hart—XII. Lough Beg, in both Antrim and Derry
(Corry); in the Bann above Coleraine; and in Lough Mourne,
Antrim (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Lough Neagh at Cranfield, and
Lagan canal near Blaris (Stewart); in the Bann at Kilrea, Derry
(Mrs. Leebody): 8. & P. 1895.

First found by 8. A. Stewart, at Derrygonnelly, in 1881.

9. P. prelongus Wulf.—Long Pond-weed.

Districts I.-— — — — VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. South to North. Type, Scottish-Intermediate.

Lowland. Lakes and ditches; very rare. 7. June-July.

I. Blackwater, Kerry (Dr. Taylor): Cyb. Lower Lake, Kil-
larney; and Lough Acoose, Glencar, Co. Kerry: R.W. 8. 189r.—
VI. Plentiful at Castleconnell and Plassy, Limerick, 1834 (W. H.
Harvey): Harvey's Memoir, 1869.— VII. Lough Owel, Westmeath :
Levinge 1894.—VIII. In Lough Cullin, Mayo (More): Cyb. West
side of Lough Mask about three miles north of Clonbur: I. & S.
r896. Ballinahinch, Galway, 1881; Bolton King. Lough Corrib,
1885 (Rev. R. P. Murray): Herb. Ar. Bennett—IX. In two lakes
east of Foxford (More): Cyb. South-east corner of Lough Mask:
I. & 8. 1896.—XI. Plentiful at the south end of Lough Finn,
Donegal : Hart 1886.—XII. Ditches by the Lagan between the
first and second locks: Flor. Uist. Lough Mourne, Antrim: Flor,
Belf. In a small lake above Kilrea, Derry (Moore): Flor. Hib.
In Lough Neagh, Antrim (Moore): Cyd. In the canal from Belfast
to Lisburn, in several places (Stewart): Flor. N.-#. Plentiful in
Ushet Lake, Rathlin Island: Stewart 1884.
378 NAIADACE.A. [ Potamogeton.

First found in Ireland by W. H. Harvey, at Castleconnell, in
1834.

P. Babingtonii Ar. Bennett—P. longifolius Bab.—P. lucens x
prelongus.—To this hybrid should probably be referred the Lough
Corrib plant figured in English Botany Supp. tab. 2847 under the
name P. longifolius Gay. Only a single floating fragment seems to
chave been picked up by Mr. J. Bell in 1835, and although it differs
in several points from admitted specimens of this hybrid, all these
differences, Mr. Arthur Bennett states, may be explained by assum-
ing the fragment to have floated for some time. Mr. Bennett also
mentions (Journ. of Bot. 7894, p. 204) that he has specimens of both
P. lucens and P. prelongus from the same lake, and suggests the
name P. Babingtonit for this hybrid, P. longifolius being already
occupied.

10. P. perfoliatus Linn.—Perfoliate Pond-weed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Rivers, lakes, ditches, &c.; frequent. 27. June—
July.

11. P. erispus Linn.—Curled Pond-weed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XID
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Lakes, rivers, canals, and ditches; frequent. FV.
June-July.

Not common in some parts of Ireland, as in Kerry and Donegal.

Var. sernatus Huds.—XII. In the Bann near Portglenone,
Antrim and Derry (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

P. undulatus Wolfg.—P. perfolvatus x erispus.—XII. Six-mile
River above Templepatrick, Antrim (Stewart): S. & P. 1895.

The Antrim plant is nearest to var. Jacksonr Fryer, fide Ar.
Bennett: Journ. of Bot. 1894, p. 154.

12. P. densus Linn.— Oppostte-leaved Pond-weed.

Districts I. I. II IV. V. VI. VIE. — —~ — ~— ~—
Lat. 52°-533°. Southern half of Ireland. Zype, English.

Lowland. Rivers, ditches, canals, &c.; rare and local. FV.
July-August.
Potamogeton. | NAIADACEZ. 379

I. Killarney (Babington): Cyb. Ditches near Blennerville,
Kerry ; &. W. S—II. In the Suir near Clonmel (Moore); pond at
Tubberaheena, Tipperary (Miss A. Taylor): Oyb.—III. In Co.
Kilkenny near Waterford (Carroll): Cyb—IV. In the Slaney
near Enniscorthy (J. Morrison): Cyb. Pool by the railway above
Macmine Junction, Wexford: Marshall 1898.—V. In the Grand
Canal at Portobello, Dublin (Moore): Cyb.—and at Hazelhatch,
1893; WV. C. Grand Canal, Monasterevan: Hart 2885. Ditches
by the Barrow below Athy, Co. Kildare; R. W. S.—VI. About
Limerick, not infrequent (W. H. Harvey): Flor. Hib. In the
alluvial flat by the Maigue, from Ferrybridge to Rinekirk, abun-
dantly: Stewart z890.—VII. Dromineer Bay, Lough Derg, and
along the shores of islands and both sides of Lough Derg at Killa-
loe: Hart z88ry. Kilbeggan canal, King’s Co.: Praeger 1897.

13. P. obtusifolius Mert. & Koch—Blunt-leaved Pond-weed.

P. gramineus Linn.
Districts I. I — — V. VIL — ~— — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55°. South to North. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Ponds, ditches, bog-drains, &c.; local and rare. F7?.
June-July.

I. Pond near Ross Island, Killarney; R.W.S. Abundant in
Ballypheane bog near Cork (Carroll): Cyd. At Shepperton, Leap,
sparingly: Alhin’s Cork. At Union Hall, 1896; J. Groves.—
II. Near Youghal: Flor. Hib. East Grove, Great Island: Flor.
Cork. Corrin bog near Fermoy (7. Chandlee): Cyb. Bog near
Charleville, and in Ballybutler Lake, Cork (Rev. 7. Allin): Ree.
Add. Bog near Mayfield, Cork, 1896; Phellips.—V. Glack Bog
near Castle Bellingham: Butler r890.—VI. Farrihy Lake, Clare ;
P. B. O Kelly.—X. Ditches near a lake between Belturbet and
‘Cavan, and ditches communicating with Lough Neagh near Lurgan
(Moore): Cyb. Near Drum, Clones, Co. Monaghan (J. Bain): Ree.
Add. Fymore Lake, Favour Royal, Tyrone: Hart 2887. Several
stations in Co. Armagh, as in Drummuckavall Lake; Mullaghmore
Lake; lake at Carnagh, near Keady; and abundant at the mouth
of the Closet river: Praeger 1893.—XI. Near Killybegs in a
deep dike at the narrow end of the lake above St. Catherine: Hart
1886. River at Rathmelton; Praeger—XII. Apparently more
frequent in the North-East than elsewhere in Ireland ; see numerous
localities in Cyb., Flor. N.-£., and S.& P. 1895.
380 NAIADACEA, [ Potamogeton..

P. Friesit Rupr.

Districts — II — — — VI. VII. VIII. IX. -- — —
Lat. 52°-533°, South and West, chiefly.

Lowland. Lakes, ponds, and ditches; very rare.

II. Youghal bog, Cork, 1896; Phillips § R.W. S.—VI. Pond
near Foynes, Co. Limerick: Stewart 1890. Lough Derg: Linton
1886.—VII. Lough Ennel, and at Lord Longford’s landing stage,
Lough Derevaragh: Linton 1896.—VIII. Roundstone, Galway :
Linton 1886.—IX. In Claremorris Lake and adjoining ditches,
Mayo: Marshall 7896.

14. P. pusillus Linn.—Small Pond-weed.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pools, ditches, lakes, &c.; frequent. 7. June-July.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Kerry. To 1150 ft. in Down
and to 1600 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

15. P. pectinatus Linn.—Fennel-leaved Pond-weed.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Ditches, pools, streams, and lakes, especially near
the sea; frequent. £7, June—July.

P. fiabellatus Bab.

P. interruptus Kit.
Districts I. I. — IV. V. — VIL — IX — ~— ~—
Lat. 513°-543°. Southern half of Ireland, chiefly. Local and rare.
I, Castlegregory Lake, &., Kerry: R. W. 8. 1889. Clonakilty ;
and—IT. Near Youghal: Allin’s Cork. Plentiful at Ballycotton
(Carroll) ; in the river Funcheon near Fermoy, Cork (7. Chandlee) ;
in the Suir near Clonmel (Moore): Cyb.—IV. Ditches on the south
side of Wexford Harbour, and frequent about Macmine Junction ;
Rosslare; Churchtown and Courtown, Wexford: Marshall 1896 &
1598.—V. Inthe canal near Straffan, Kildare (J. Douglas): Cyb.—
VII. and IX. In the Shannon near Athlone: B. & VL 1887. —
IX. Glencar Lake, Sligo: B.§ V. 2885.
Potamogeton. | NAIADACEA. 381

16. P. filiformis Nolte —Slender Pond-weed.

P marinus Linn.
Districts — — — — — — VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. —
Lat. 53$°-55°. Northern half of Ireland. Type, Scottish.
Lowland. Lakes and canals; rare and local. #7. June-July.
VII. Frequent in Lough Ree: 2B. 4 V. 1887,.—VIII. and
IX. Abundant in shallow water in Lough Cullin, at the outlet of
the river which falls into the Moy, 1864: More Herb. & Cyb.—
X. Between Kinnausy Island and Kesh, Lough Erne: Barrington
z884. In Lough Neagh east of Ardmore Point: Praeger 1893.—
XI. South side of Kinny Lough, Fanet, Donegal: Hart 1880.
First found by A. G. More, in Lough Cullin, in 1864,

RUPPIA Linn.

1. R. maritima Linn. (Aggregate)—TZassel Pond-weed.

Districts I. II, — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.
Brackish pools and ditches; not infrequent. 7. July-August.

R. spiralis Hartm.

Districts I. — — IV. Vw. — — — — — XI. XII
Lat. 522°-55°. From South to North.

I. In Castlegregory Lake, Kerry, and in the stream from it;
brackish ponds by Barrow Harbour, Kerry: &.W. 8. 2889 § r8912.—
IV. Courtown Harbour, Wexford (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1894.
Wexford Harbour: Marshall 1898.—V. In tidal river-reaches near
the head of Malahide estuary, Co. Dublin, abundantly in two
stations, near Lissen, Hall and near Newport House: WV. C. 1893.—
XI. Near Mulroy House, Donegal; Hart.—XII. Brackish pool at
Comber, Co. Down, 1886; Magheramorne, Larne, 1897: Stewart in
Herb.

R. rostellata Koch.

Districts I. Il. — IV. V. VI. — — IX. — XI.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North.

I. Ballybunnion, Kerry: Stewart 18g0. Common around the
Kerry coast: &.W.S. 1889.  Crookhaven, Cork; Phellips.—
382 NAIADACEA. [ Ruppia.

II. Clonea, Waterford; and—IV. Raven Point, Wexford: Hart
18838.  Plentiful on mud flats south of Wexford Harbour:
Marshall 1896.—V. Pool by the sea at the Quarry, Howth (Praeger):
Ir. Nat. 1895.—VI. Brackish ditches at Kilrush, Clare, and Foynes,
Limerick: Stewart z890.—IX. Ballysodare, Sligo: Praeger.—
XI. Brackish ponds near the mouth of the river Erne, Bally-
shannon; R. P. Vowell—XII. Plentiful in a salt marsh near
Portstewart (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Stream at Blackstaff Bridge
near Kirkcubbin, Down: 8S. & P. 7895.

Many of the older records are for the aggregate R. maritima
only, and the distribution of the segregates in Ireland is as yet very
imperfectly known. A. rostellata is apparently much more frequent
than R. spiralis.

ZANNICHELLIA Linn.

1. Z. palustris Linn (aggregate)—Horned Pond-weed.

District I. IJ. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 523°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British.
Rivers, ditches, pools, and lake margins, in still water; rather
frequent. 7. June-August.
Usually near the sea, but occasionally occurs far inland as in
Loughs Ree and Derg on the Shannon.

Z. brachystemon Gay.

Districts I. — — — V. VI. VIL — — — — XII.

I. Quarry hole near Castleisland, Kerry, 1888; R.W.S.—
V. Brackish ditch near Balbriggan ; pools by the Dodder near Rath-
farnham, Co. Dublin, 1893 ;—VI. Pool on Slieve Elva, Co. Clare,
1895; and—VII. Dromineer.Harbour, Lough Derg, 1896; WV.C.—
XII. At Blackstaff bridge, Kirkcubbin, Co. Down, 1890; Praeger.
In the river Quoile above Downpatrick, 1880; Stewart.

To 700 ft. in Clare (V.C.); but usually lowland.

This appears to be the commonest of the segregates in Ireland
as it is in Great Britain, and probably occurs in all the districts.

Z. pedunculata Reichb.

Districts IL —- — —- —- — — ~ ~—~ ~ ~— ~—
I, Banna and Ballyheigue, Kerry: R.W.8. 7889. In the
Cashen river, Kerry; &.W.S.
Zannichellia, | NAIADACEA., 383.

Z. polycarpa Nolte.

Districts — — — — — — — — — — — XII.
XII. Abundant in brackish ditches in the long-neglected
Victoria Park, and in the reclaimed land between Queen’s Quay and
the Park [ Belfast], 1872 (Stewart): Bot. Hz. Cl. Rep. 1876.
First found in the British Isles, at Belfast, by 8. A. Stewart in
1872.

ZOSTERA Linn.

1. Z. marina Linn.— Grass-wrach.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. TX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Muddy estuaries and shallow sea shores; common. /7. July—
August.

2. Z. nana Roth—Duwarf Grass-wrack.

Districts I. — — IV. V. — — VIII. — — XI. —
Lat. 524°-552°. South to North. Type, English.

Muddy estuaries; rare. J. July-September.

I. About Spa, Tralee Bay, Kerry: &. W. S. 2888.—IV. Plenti-
ful on the mud flats south of Wexford Harbour: Marshall 2896.—
V. On mud in the creek close to the railway station at Baldoyle,
Dublin (More): Cyd. Abundant below the Club house, Portmar-
nock golf links, Dublin: Hart 1897. Estuary of the Nanny river
above the bridge at Laytown, Meath : Praeger 1897.—VIII. Shore at
Gentian Hill, Galway (Miss Hensman § Prof. T. Johnson): Ir. Nat.
1895.—XI1. Abundant on the strand at Ards: Hart. in Herb.

First discovered in Ireland by A. G. More, at Baldoyle, in 1864.

NATAS Linn.

1. N. flexilis Rostk.—Slender Naiad.

Caulinia flecilis Willd.
Districts I — — — — — — VIL — — — —
Lat. 52°-532°. West Ireland, Kerry and Galway only.
Lowland. In shallow water in lakes; very rare. J. August.
I. In the upper end of Lough Caragh, Kerry (More): Journ. of
Bot. 1877—and in 1896; &. W.S. In Ross Bay, Killarney
384 NAIADACEA. [ Nacas.

Lakes, 1885 (Rev. E. F. Linton): Journ. of Bot., 7886. Muckross
shore; Ross Bay; and Victoria Bay, Lower Lake of Killarney:
R. W. S. 1888.—VIII. In a lake near Roundstone, Connemara,
between the Clifden coast road and the sea, at a mile or two from the
village of Roundstone: Oliver 185z. In a small lake less than a
mile from Roundstone on the way to Urrisbeg (Moore): Cyb. In
Lough Cregduff, three-quarters of a mile west of Roundstone
(probably Prof. Oliver’s station), 1869 (More): Rec. Add. In
great plenty in Lough Cregduff, 1885: Linton 1886—and in 1895
(J. A. Audley § Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1895. All of the District
VIII. records apparently refer to Lough Cregduff.

First discovered in the British Isles, near Roundstone, Conne-
mara, by Daniel Oliver in 1850.

Not found in England. Confined in Scotland to Perthshire and
Skye.

ORDER LXXV.—ERIOCAULONEZ.

ERIOCAULON Linn.

1. E. septangulare With.—Pipe-wort.

Districts I. — — — — VI. — VII. ~ — XL —
Lat. 513°-55°. West Ireland. Type, Scottish—Atlantic.

Lakes and bog pools in mountainous districts, usually near the
sea; locally abundant. //. July-August.

I. Abundant in the Cromeen [Clonee] Lakes eight miles below
Kenmare, behind Hungry Hill (Carroll): Cyb. Inchiquin Lake
(Z. Wright): Cyt. Very abundant in the Clonee Lakes and other
lakes about Kenmare Bay: &.W.8. 2890. Bog-holes at north end
of Lough Caragh, Kerry (Dr. Battersby): Rec. Add. In Lough
Caragh and Lough Beg near it: R.W. 8. 1889. Lough Fadda near
Sneem, 1885; W.C. Lake above Glen Lough, north-east of
Adrigole, Cork: Hart 2885 8.—VI. In pools on Mon-mor bog
between Miltown Malbay and Kilrush, Clare (C. Carter) : Phytol.
2846, p. 514.—VIiII. Abundant in Connemara: Wade Gallovid.
In small lakes within four miles of Galway on the road to
Oughterard; in several small lakes between Newport and Mount
Nephin, Mayo: Mack. Rar. Inishbofin: More 1876. Lakes
between Deel Bridge and Corslieve, Mayo: Hart 78830. In a
Eriocaulon. | ERIOCAULONEA. 385

small lake at the north end of Achill Island: More 7873, Lakes
near Inveran, ‘Tar Connaught, 1895; Lough Inagh; Derryclare
Lough, and other lakes in Glen Inagh, 1897; N.C. North side of
Lough Mask, 1891; &. P. Vowell, Abundant on the north-west
shore of Lough Corrib; in the Narrow Lake, Lough Mask; Lough
Coolin near Clonbur; and in Lough-na-Dirkbeg, Maamtrasna :
MM. & S. 1896.— XI. Abundant in the lakes of the Rosses, Donegal :
Murphy 1829, In two small lakes west of Loughanure in the
Rosses: Hart 1879. Lough Berag near Naren, Donegal (Admiral
Jones): Cyb, In a small lake on Kincashla Point; abundant in
Lough Aleckmore, north of Trawenagh Bay: Hart 1880 § 1881 B.
Kiltooris Lake near Ardara: Hart 1886.

To 800 ft. in Galway (Olwer); to 1000 ft. in Cork (Hart); but
usually lowland.

First found in Ireland, in Connemara, by Dr. Walter Wade in
1801.

A North American species not found on the European continent,
and confined in Great Britain to the islands of Skye and Coll in
Scotland. Extends along nearly the whole west coast of Ireland
and is especially abundant in Connemara.

ORDER LXXVI,—CYPERACEA.

ELEOCHARIS R. Br.
1. E. acicularis R. Br.—Least Spthke-rush.

Districts I. — II]. — V. VI. VII. — IX. X. — XII.
‘Lat. 52°-55°. From South to North. TZype, English-British.

-Lowland. Wet sandy lake margins, and edges of rivers and
-eanals; rather frequent. 7. July-August.

I, Abundant about Castlelough Bay and Muckross shore,
Lower Lake of Killarney; also along the river Laune, from near its
exit from the Lake to Killorglin: &.W. 8S. 7888.—III. In the
Grand Canal between Monasterevan and Portarlington, Queen’s Co.;
and—V. Near Monasterevan, Kildare (Praeger): Ir. Nat, 1893.—
VI. On the banks of Lough Derg near Portumna (Moore): Cyd.
‘Sheckamore Lake and Inchiquin Lake, Co. Clare; P. B. O’ Kelly.—

2c
386 CYPERACEA. [ Hleocharcs..

VII. Banks of the Shannon near Portumna Bridge, Tipperary :
Mack. Rar. Canal near Philipstown and Edenderry, King’s Co. :
Praeger 1897.—1X. Near Clooneigh river, Lough Ree: B.g V.
1887.—X. Plentiful near the side of Lough Erne, Co. Fermanagh
(Dr. Scott): Mack. Rar. Devenish Island, Lough Erne, and in one:
spot on the east side of the lake; rare: Barrington 7884. Canal at
Strabane: Murphy 1829. Banks of the Ulster canal in Monaghan
(Miss Maffett): Cyb. Shores of Lough Neagh in Armagh: More
7860. In Armagh, at Ardmore Glebe (Rev. H.W. Lett); and on
the banks of the Closet river: Praeger 7893. In Lough Oughter,
Cavan: Praeger 1897—XII. Near Portmore, and plentiful about
Lough Beg: Zempleton MS. By the Bann below Portglenone,
1796 (Templeton): Whitla MS. Close to Portmore old church
(Stewart): Flor. N.-£. Abundant in the centre of Lough Beg
(Praeger): Journ. of Bot. 1893.  Plentiful in several places by
the Bann, Derry: Moore US. Banks of the Lagan canal above.
Lisburn, and shore of Lough Neagh north of Lurgan (Stewart):
Flor. N.-E.

Var. wonercavris H. C. Watson.—V. Plentiful in the Grand
Canal, Co. Dublin, from Hazelhatch to Clondalkin: M. C. 1893.

2. E. palustris R. Br.— Creeping Spike-rush.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Wet and marshy places; frequent. #7. June-July.

Sea-level in Antrim and S. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Down
(Hart).

E. uniglumis Link.

Districts I. — — IV. V. — — — ~— ~— ~ XII.
Lat. 52°-543°. From South to North. Type, British-Scottish.

Marshes and ditches near the sea; rare. FJ. July-August.

I. Salt marsh near Rossbeigh, Kerry, 1874; Moore. Near Bally-
david Head, Kerry, 1891; Cecil Butler. By the shore between
Blennerville and Camp, Kerry: Hart 2884.—IV. On the sand-hills.
near Arklow, Wicklow (More): Rec. Add. Mouth of the Pill,
Alderton, Wexford: B.-H. G.z859. Marsh ditches north of
Wexford Harbour: Marshall 1896.—V. On the shore east of Dolly-
mount, Dublin (1 Dowd): Ree. Add. Salt Marsh at Soldiers”
Eleocharis. | CYPERACEZ. 387

Point, Louth: Praeger 1897.—XII. Sparingly by the shore half a-
mile east of Bangor, Down, 1867 (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Var. Warsont Bab.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Dr. D. Moore):
Bab. Manual.

3. E. multicaulis Smith—Many-stalked Spike-rush.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland, probably. ype, British.
Spongy bogs, lake shores, &c.; frequent. #7. June-August.
Sea-level in N. Derry andin Kerry. To 925 ft. in Donegal, and

1150 ft. in Louth (Hart); to 2000 ft. in Kerry (Druce 1891).
Apparently more frequent in the West than in the East,

SCIRPUS Linn.

1. §. pauciflorus Light?—Few-flowered Spike-rush.

Districts I. — — — VY. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. From South to North. Type, British.

Margins of lakes, and in bogs and marshy places ; frequent. 7.
May—August.

Sea-level to 1000 ft. in Dublin (1. C.); but usually lowland.

2. S. ceespitosus Linn.—Scaly Spike-rush.

Districts I. TI. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-Scottish.
Heaths and moors, especially in mountain districts; common.
fl. May-June. Caletfuge A.
Descends to 100 ft. in Antrim and in Kerry. Ascends to
2800 ft. in Donegal (Hart); to 2500 ft. in Down (S. & P.); to
2900 ft. in Wicklow (1. C.); to 3000 ft. in Kerry (More).

3. S. parvulus Rom. & Schult.— Dwarf Spike-rush.

S. nanus Spreng.

Districts I. — — IV. — — — — — ~ ~— —
Lat. 523°-523°. South-West and South-East, in Kerry and
Wicklow.

Muddy estuaries; very rare. 7. July.
I. Abundant along the tidal portion of the Cashen river near
Ballybunnion, Kerry, 1889: &. W. 8. 2890.—IV. Abundant at
2c2
888 CYPERACEZA. [ Seérpus.

Arklow on soft mud overflowed at high tide on the north side of
the River Ovoca, 1868 (More): Journ. of Bot. 1868. Still abun-
dant at Arklow in 1893 and 1896; Barrington.

First discovered by A. G. More, at Arklow, in 1868.

4. §. fluitans Linn.—loating Spike-rush.

Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VIT. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.

Ditches, bog-drains, lake margins, &c., in still water ; frequent.
Fi. June-July. Calerfuge A.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Louth
(Hart).

5. §. Savii Seb. et Maur.—Savi’s Spthke-rush.

S. cernuus Vahl.
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI, — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. All round Ireland, near the coast. Type, Atlantic.
Moist places, near the sea; frequent. J. July-August.
To 850 ft. in Kerry (Hart); but usually lowland.
Though not strictly confined to the coasts, this species rarely
occurs at any great distance inland.

6. 8S. setaceus Linn.—Bristle-leaved Spike-rush.

Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Moist gravelly and sandy places; frequent. #7. July-September.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Kerry. To 1400 ft. in Dublin
(W. C.); to 1250 ft. in Waterford (Hart).

7. S. lacustris Linn.—Bull-rush.

Mibernicé bog fPernin (Buck-evvin), Soft Rush.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XT.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Rivers, ponds and lakes; frequent. 7, June-July.

S. Tabernemontanit Gmel.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. — X. XI. XIL.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Coasts of all Ireland, probably. ype, English-
British.
Ditches and pools near the sea; frequent. 77. June-J uly,
Scirpus. | CYPERACEA. 389

8. S. maritimus Linn.—Sea Club-rush.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British-English.
Salt marshes and brackish ditches ; frequent. 7%. June-July.

9. S. sylvaticus Linn.— Wood Club-rush.

Districts I. II. ITI. — — VI. VIL — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°. From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Wet meadows and marshy places; local. 7. June—
July. ,

I. River side about a mile above Cork: Drummond 18z8—still
there in 1894, and also between Cork and Carrigrohane; Phellips.—
II. By the Blackwater near Fermoy (Chandlee): Cyb. Near Castle-
lyons and Ahern (7. Chandilee); by the Owbeg from Castletown-
roche to near Shanballymore (Carroll); by the Bride above Tallow
(0. Longfield): Allin’s Cork. By the Funshion river, north Cork,
1896; R.W.S. Right bank of the Suir between Golden and Caher,
Tipperary: Hart 1885 a.—III. By the Barrow near Portarlington
and above Mountmellick: Hart 2885.—VI. Plassy, near Limerick
(Carroll): Cyb.—VII. By the Barrow near Baylough above Monas-
terevan, and abundant farther up the river at Garryhinch: Hart
1885.—X. By Lough: Erne near Enniskillen: Flor. Hid. Near
Loughgall, Armagh: More 7860. Derrygorry brook, Favour Royal,
Tyrone: Hart 1887. In Co. Armagh, by the river side near
Newry (Rev. H.W. Lett); at Maghery; Clare; Tynan Abbey, &c.:
Praeger 1893. Banks of the Strule near Omagh, Tyrone (Miss
M. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—X1. Abundant by the Termon
river above Pettigoe: Hart 1886. Sparingly by the Glentocher
river, Innishowen; Hart.—XII. Frequent in the North-East:
Flor. N.-E.

10. S. rufus Schrad.— Brown Club-rush.

Blysmus rufus Panz.
Districts I. — — — V. — — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. South to North. Type, Scottish.

Salt-marshes; rather local, FV. June-July.

I. In the Dingle peninsula, Kerry, at Castle Gregory, at Castle
Gallerus, and estuary between Trabeg and Bull’s Head: Hart 1884.
At Akeragh Lake, Ballyheigue Bay, and at Derrynane estuary,
390 CYPERACEZ. [ Scirpus.

Kerry: R.W. 8. 2888 & 1890.—V. Between Baldoyle and Howth,
and between Balbriggan and Hampton: Wack. Rar. r806—still in
these stations, near Howth, 1892, and near Balbriggan, 1895 ; V.C.
Abundant on the North Bull opposite Dollymount, Dublin (Hore) :
Ree. Add.—and in 1893; N.C. On Lambay Island (R. M Bar-
rington): Hart 1883 y. Salt marsh north of Portrane, 1893; and
between Skerries and Lough Shinny, Dublin, 1895; V.0.—
VIII. Near Custrower Bay, Ballinahinch, Connemara: Wade Rar.
Near Killala, Mayo (Moore): Cyb.—IX. Mouth of Drumeliff river,
Sligo, 1882: 7. H. Corry, MS.—XI. Shores of Donegal Bay, at the
town of Donegal (Dickie): Flor. Ulst. Shore at Glencolumbkill and
at Killybegs (More): Cyb. By Lough Swilly near Rathmelton :
Hart 1880. Abundant by Horn Head bridge: Hart r88r B.—
XII. On salt and marshy ground occasionally covered at high water
near Ballintoy, 1797: Brown MS.—still there in 1895 (Rev. S. A.
Brenan): Ir Nat. 1896, p. 27. Between Larne and Ballygally,
Antrim, 1808: Zempleton MS. Cushendall and Larne Lough
(Moore): Cyb. Plentiful by the Foyle at Brook Hall, Derry:
Moore MS. By the Bann above Portstewart, Derry ; at Groomsport,
Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

First found in Ireland, near Ballintoy, by Robert Brown in
1797.

ERIOPHORUM Linn.
1. E. vaginatum Linn.—Hare’s-tail Cotton-grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-Scottish.
Bogs and moors, chiefly in mountain districts; frequent. FV.
April-May.
Sea-level in Derry and in Kerry. To 2000 ft. in Derry (Moore) ;
to 2100ft. in Sligo (B.§V.); to 2800ft. in Wicklow, and to
8000 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

2. E. angustifolium Roth—Warrow-leaved Ootton-grass.

Aibernicé OVGE poptaré (Blaw-purrthock), Bog Bloomn—Cannabdan
mona (Canna-vawn mona), Whate-head of the Bog.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.
Boggy and marshy places; common. 7. May-June.
Sea-level in Derry and in South Cork. To 2200 ft. in Derry
(Moore); to 2800 ft. in Wicklow (Hart).
Eriophorum. | CYPERACE A. 391

3. E. latifolium Hoppe—Broad-leaved Cotton-grass.

Districts I. II. — IV. — VI. — VIII. — — XI. XIL.
Lat. 513°-543°. From South to North. ype, British-English.

Lowland. Bogs; rare. FZ. April-May.

I. Banks of the river Laune west of Beaufort bridge; Glencar
valley; and near Staigue fort, Kerry: R.W.S. 1889 § 1890.
South of Tarbert, Kerry; and north of Adrigole, Cork; R.W. S.—
Il. Swamp by the Suir about three miles below Twoford Bridge
between Holycross and Golden, Tipperary: Hart 1885 0.—
IV. Marsh near Enniskerry (If. Winch) and other places in Co.
Wicklow: For. Hib.—VI. At Woodlawn near Kilconnell, Galway
(#. Hill): Mag. of Zool. & Bot. II. r2g.—VIII. Bog on the
north-west side of Urrisbeg mountain near Roundstone, 1869
(More): Ree. Add.—XI. Plentiful by Lough Sheskinmore, north-
west of Ardara: Hart 1886.—XII. On a large flow bog near
Rasharkin, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. Very rare if not extinct in the
North-East: 2lor. N.-£.

RHYNCHOSPORA Vahl.

1. R. fusca Rom. & Schult.—Brown Beak-rush.

Districts I. Il. — — — VI. — VIII. IX. — — —
Lat. 513°-54°. West Ireland. Type, Atlantic.

Lowland. Spongy bogs; locally abundant. #7. July—August.

I. Wet bogs near the bottom of Purple mountain, Killarney,
1805: Mack. Rar. Near the base of Connor Hill, Dingle (Moore):
Cyb. Locally abundant in south Kerry, rare in north Kerry;
R.W.S. Lough Allua, Cork: Drummond 1878. Near Berehaven.
(R.W. Townsend) ; and about Glengariff (C. C. Babington): Flor.
Cork. Bogs at Ardgroom (More): Allin’s Cork. Adrigole and
-Glengariff, 1894; Phcllips.—II. Oldtown bog near New Birming-
ham, Tipperary; &. P. Vowell.—VI. Dunbeg bog, Clare (Moore):
Cyb. Tycooly and Killasolan bogs near Clonbrock, E. Galway :
Praeger 1896.—VIII. Near the hill of Cahill, Cunnamara; and in
several places between Ballinahinch and Oughterard, 1805: Mack.
Rar. Near Kilkerran Bay; Roundstone, &c., in Connemara
(Moore): Cyb. Abundant in several places between Oughterard
and Carn Seefin: P. & C. 7895. In Co. Mayo, near Foxford;
and—IX. At Ballinrobe and Hollymount (More): Cyb.

First found by Mackay, at Purple Mountain, Killarney, in 1805,
392 CYPERACEZ. [ Rhynehospora..

2. R. alba Vahl—Whete Beak-rush.

Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. ype, British.

Wet bogs; locally abundant. £7. July.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1225 ft. in Down (S. & P.).

Abundant in many parts of the West and North, but appears to-
be quite rare in the East.

SCHGNUS Linn.

1. 8. nigricans Linn.— Black Bog-rush.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Bogs, wet moors, lake shores, and moist clay banks; frequent..
Fil, Sune.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1800 ft. in Down (S. ¢ P.); to 1400 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).

CLADIUM R. Br.

1. C. mariscus R. Br.—Prickly Twig-rush.

C. germanicum Schrad.

Hibernicé Colgpoc (Colleg-ruck).

Districts I. I. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Margins of lakes and marshy places ; frequent in the
West, rare in the East. FV. July.

III. Black Bog near Carlow, and Ardristan Bog near Tullow
(&. Clayton Browne): Rec. Add.—IV. On the Murrough of Wick-.
low (Moore): Cyb.—Y. Side of the river Nanny near Ballygarth,
Meath: Mack. Rar. Marshy ground, Castlebellingham, Louth:
Butler 1890: Bog by the railway between Navan and Drogheda
(Moore) ; Dolardstown bog (J. Douglas): Cyb.—XII. Lake by the
road from Castlewellan to Rathfriland: Zempleton MS. Sparingly
on the northern margin of Altnadua lake near Castlewellan (no
doubt Templeton’s station); very rare in District XII.: S. & P..
1592.—The foregoing are the only stations for East Ireland.
Carex. |: CYPERACEA. 393.

CAREX Linn.

1. C. dioica Linn.— Diecious Sedge.

Districts I. — — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. From South to North. Zype, Scottish—British.
Spongy bogs; rather local. 27. May—June.
Descends to about 200 ft. in Antrim and to sea-level in Kerry.
Ascends to 1400 ft. in Down (Hart); and to 1650 ft. in Ben
Bulben district (B. & V.).

2. ©. pulicaris Linn.— Fea Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heathy and boggy places; frequent. FJ. May—June.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Donegal,
and to 2000 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 3000 ft. in Kerry (Druce 2891).

3. C. pauciflora Lightf.—Few-flowered Sedge.

Districts — — — — — — — — — — ~— XII.
Lat. 55°. County Antrim only. Type, Highland.

Wet bogs; very rare. £7. June-July.

XII. On the mountains near Parkmore at the head of Glenariff,
Co. Antrim, at 1000 feet, 1889 (Rev. H. W. Lett): Journ. of Bot.
1895, p. 217.

It is most desirable that further search should be made for this
sedge in the northern counties. Its title to a place in the Irish flora
is based solely on a single tuft gathered by Mr. Lett at the head of
Glenariff, a locality which does not appear to have been examined
by any botanist since the date of his interesting discovery in 1889.
The plant is one not unlikely to be passed over as a form of
C. pulicaris by those unfamiliar with its appearance, and may be
expected to occur in other stations in the upland bogs of North
Ireland.

First found in Ireland by the Rev. H. W. Lett in 1889.

4. C. divisa Huds.—Bracteate Marsh- Sedge.

Districts — — — IV. VY —- ~—~ —~ ~—~ — — —
Lat. 523°-532°. Coasts of Wexford and Dublin. Type, English.
Marshy meadows by the sea; very rare. Fl. May—June.
394 CYPERACE. [ Carex.

IV. By the new bridge near Dunbrody Abbey ; by the Causeway,
Fisherstown; near the Pill, Alderton, Wexford (Miss Glascott) :
B.-H. & G. 1889. Ballyvarnay marshes, 1898; G. G. Pull.
V. Along the side of a ditch in the marshes of the North Strand,
Dublin, in some plenty in 1866 (Moore): Cyb. Nearly extinct in
the North Strand station, but two large patches found in 1871 close
to the glass works on the north bank of the Liffey (More): Ree.
Add. Still in some quantity in the latter station in 1894; WV. C.

First discovered in Ireland by David Moore in 1866.

5. ©, disticha Huds.—Soft Sedge.

C. intermedia Good.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.
Marshy meadows; frequent. 27. May-June.
To 750 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.); to 950 ft. in Kerry (Barrington) ;
but usually lowland.

6. C. arenaria Linn.—Sea Sedge.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XI.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Sandy sea-shores; frequent and locally abundant. #7. May-
June.

7. C. teretiuscula Good.—Lesser Panicled Sedge.

Districts I. — — — V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 523°-553°. From South to North. Zype, British-English.

Lowland. Boggy places; rather rare. 7. June.

I. South-west corner of Lough Gill, Castlegregory, Kerry:
Hart 1884. Smerwick bog near Dingle; Clogherbrian bog near
Tralee: &.W.S. 2889.—V. By the Royal Canal above Clonsilla,
sparingly: WV.C. 7893. Ardee Bog in Meath and Louth; Praeger.—
VI. Dunbeg bog near Kilrush, Clare; bog near Woodford, Galway
(Moore): Cyb. Near Clonbrock, East Galway: Praeger 1896.—
VII. Near Belvidere lake, Mullingar (Moore): Cyb. Plentiful in
a large bog near Multyfarnham, Westmeath (Moore): Ree. Add.
Lisclogher Bog, Westmeath; More. Scraw Bog and Bog of
Linn, frequent in Westmeath: Zevinge r894.—VIII. By a lake
about a mile from Newport towards Westport, Mayo: Hart
Carex. | CYPERACER, 395

2883 a.—IX. Near Hollymount House, Mayo (More): Cyd. Bog
near Clonhugh railway station (W. T. Dyer): Rec. Add. Between
Claremorris lake and the railway station: Marshall 1896. Lough
Arrow, Sligo; Praeger. In many places near Lough Ree: B. &V.
1887.—X. Lough Muck, Tyrone (Miss Mf. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat.
z897.—XI. Small lake between Marble Hill and Sesiagh lake near
Dunfanaghy: Hart 28818. Near Port Salon, &.; rare in
Donegal; Hart.—XII. Marshy lake at Killymurray, Antrim
(Moore): Cyb. Abundant on the marshy margin of Killeleagh
lough above Maghera, Derry (Mrs. Leebody & Praeger): S. § P.

1895.

8. C. paradoxa Willd.— Paradoxical Sedge.

Districts — — — — — — VIL — — ~ ~ —
Lat. 58° 30’—58° 35’. Westmeath only. Type, Local-Intermediate.

Lowland. Boggy places; very rare. FV. June.

VII. Plentiful in the boggy wood at Ladiston, on the shore of
Belvidere Lake [Lough Ennel] near Mullingar (Moore): Cyb.
Sparingly along the edges of ditches on recently-drained ground at
Ladiston (Moore): Rec. Add. Only a few plants left at Ladiston ;
in the Bog of Linn; and sparingly in the ‘“‘ Scraw Bog,” Loughans-
town: Levinge 1894.

9. C. paniculata Linn.— Panicled Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°.. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Boggy and swampy places; frequent. 7. May-June.

Sea-level in N. Derry and S. Cork. To 1900 ft. in Tipperary
(Hart); but usually lowland.

A widespread species, yet rare over wide areas in many parts of
the country.

10. ©. vulpina Linn.— Great Sedge.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.
Lowland. Wet ditch-banks; rather frequent. /7. June.
Chiefly in the neighbourhood of the coast, but occurs occasionally
far inland, as near Parsonstown (fec. Add.) and between Tipperary
and Cashel (2. W. 8.). ,
396 CYPERACEA. [ Carex.

11. C. muricata Linn.—Prickly Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VII. — — — XIL
Lat. 514°-542°. From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Hedge banks, and gravelly or marshy pastures ; rare.
Fi. Tune. Calercole C.

I. At Clogherbrian near Tralee; and near Fenit House, Tralee
Bay, Kerry: 2&.W. S. 1889 § r8gz. On Inishbeg and Inish Sherkin ;
at Glengariff: -Allin’s Cork. Near Kinsale, 1892; Phillips —
II. Carrick-a-brick near Fermoy (Z. Chandlec): Cyb. Not rare
about Midleton and Buttevant (Rev. 7. Allin): Rec. Add. Ditch
banks near Cahir: Mack. Cat.—III. By the Barrow at Shrule
Castle above Carlow: Hart 1885.—IV. By the Slaney, and on a
bog near Enniscorthy, Wexford (Carroll): Cyd. Fassaroe near
Bray (Barrington): Rec. Add.—V. Near Step-aside on the way to
Holly Park, Dublin (Moore): Cyd. By the Grand Canal at
Monasterevan, Kildare: Hart 1885.—VI. Knockatien near Bally-
vaughan, 1897; P. B. O’Kelly.—VIII. Oughterard, Galway:
Babington 1836.—XII. Damp pasture by the shore north-east of
the coastguard station at Macedon Point, 1868 and 1885 (Stewart) :
Ree. Add. & Flor. N.-#. Marshy pasture near Clowney bridge on
the Forth river, Antrim (2. Hanna): Stewart 1894.

12. C. divulsa Good.— Grey Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. — VIL — — — — —
Lat. 513°-533°. Southern half of Ireland. Type, English-Germanic.

Lowland. Hedge banks; not infrequent. 7. June-July.
Caletcole B.

I. At Muckross, Killarney (More): Rec. Add. In many places
about Killarney; at the head of Kenmare Bay, Kerry: 2.W. 8.
1889 § 7890. Inishannon, Cork (Carroll): Cyb. Near Bantry:
Allin 1877. At Kinsale and by the river Lee at Cork; Phillips.—
I. Near Fermoy (Chandlee): Cyd. At Midleton: Allin 1872.
By the river Owbeg, N. Cork. 1896; abundant by the roadside
between Tipperary and Cashel; &.W.S.—I1I. Brown’s Hill,
Carlow (2. Clayton Browne): Rec. Add. By the Slaney below
Tullow; Hart.—IV. Banks near the Glen of the Downs, Wicklow
(Moore): Cyb. At Bray and Delgany, Wicklow ; More. Dunbrody
Park, Wexford: B.-H. § G. 2889.—V. Grassy ee going from
Dablin to Killiney Bay, 1814: Templeton MUS. Near Stillorgan,
Carex. | CYPERACEA. 397

Dublin (Moore); near Athy, Kildare (Carroll); at Lodge Park,
Kildare (J. Douglas): Cyb. Near Killiney Bay, at Swords, at
‘Chapelmidway, and near Balbriggan, 1893; near Lucan, 1895, &c. ;
frequent in county Dublin; W. C—VII. Knock Ross, near Lough
Derevaragh, Westmeath: Linton 1896.

18. ©. echinata Murr.—Prickly Sedge.

C. stellulata Good.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. XK. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British,

Bogs, moors, heaths, &c.; common. 7. May—June.

Sea-level in Derry and in 8.Cork. To 2150 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2800 ft. in Wicklow (MW. C.); to 2600 ft. in Tipperary
and to 3300 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

14. C. remota Linn,—Distant-spiked Sedge,

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.
Damp shady places, and ditch banks; frequent and locally
abundant. 7, June.
To 600 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.); but usually lowland.

15. ©. axillaris Good.—Azillary Sedge.

-C. remota x vulpina (?)—C. muricata x remota (?).
Districts I — WI — Ve — — — — ~ — —
Lat. 513°-583°. South and South-East. Type, English.

Lowland. Marshy places; very rare. 7. June.

I. Salt marsh near Kinsale, 1866 (Carroll): Rec. Add.—
III. By the Barrow where it skirts Monettia bog above Mount-
mellick, Queen’s Co.: Hart 1885.—V. Sparingly in marshy ground
near Malahide, Co. Dublin (W. C.): Ir. Nat. 1894, p. 202.

Usually considered to be a hybrid between C. muricata and
C. remota, but, if really a hybrid, more probably its parents are
C. vulpina and C. remota.

16. C. Benningshauseniana Weihe.

C. remota x paniculata Schwarz,

Districts I —- — — — — — — — — XI —

Lat. 52°-543°. Kerry and Donegal. Zype, Germanic (?).
Lowland. Shady marshy places ; apparently very rare. 77. June.
398 CYPERACEA. [ Carex.

I. Wet wood near Muckross Abbey, Killarney: BR. W. S. 7889.
—XI. By a sunk fence between the Hall and the sea wall, Mount
Charles, near Donegal: Hart 1885 y.

17. C. elongata Linn.—Zlongated Sedge.

Districts — — — — — — — — — xX. — [XII]
Lat. 54° 10’—54° 35’. Fermanagh[and Antrim?]. Zype, English.

Lowland. Marshy ground; very rare. 7. June.

X. Sparingly in a marsh between Crum Castle and the farm-
yard, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.—[ XII. Banks of Lough
Neagh near Gally’s Gate, 1837 (Moore): Mackay 1859. In a wet
boggy wood at Selshan on the shore of Lough Neagh near Derry-
more House in the parish of Aghagallan, Antrim, 1838 (Joore):
Cyb. The two preceding records for District XII. refer to the
same station where the plant is now probably extinct: Flor.

18. C. curta Good.— White Sedge.

C. canescens Linn.
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. — — VIIL — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-552°. From South to North. Type, British.

Bogs and watery places; rather rare. J. June.

I. Marshes at the foot of Mangerton mountain, sparingly :
Wade Rar. By the river Finnow where it joins the river Flesk,
Kerry: &.W. 8. 1889.—II. Ditch banks near Cahir, Tipperary;
and—ITI. Meadow between Cullenagh and Stradbally, Queen’s Co. :
Mack. Rar—IV. Near Lough Dan and Roundwood, Wicklow
(Moore) : Cyb.. Shore of Lough Firrib, Wicklow; More.—V. Foot
of the Three Rock mountain above Marley: Jr. Flor. Bog near
Navan, Meath: Praeger 1897.—VIII. Swamp between Maam and
Lough Corrib:  & S. z896.—X. Ditch near Tartaraghan, Armagh
(Rev. G. Robinson): More 1860. In Co. Armagh, at Ardmore
(Rev. H. W. Lett); and near Annagarriff Lake: Praeger 1893.
Marsh near Crum Castle, Lough Erne, rare: Barrington 1884.
Head of Strabane Glen, Tyrone (Miss I. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat.
1897.—XI. In a wet bog near Killybegs (Moore): Cyb. Near
Port Salon; at Lough Akibbon, &c.; Hart—XII. Frequent,
occurring in several stations in Antrim, Down, and Derry: Flor.
NV.-#. and 8. & P. 1895.

Sea-level to 1500 ft. in Antrim (Por, N.-H.); to 2100 ft. in
Wicklow (More).
Carec. | CYPERACEZ. 399

19. C. ovalis Good.— Oval-spiked Sedge.

C. leporina Linn.
Districts I. II. IMI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513-55}°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Wet meadows, marshy and boggy places, &c.; frequent. FV.
May-June.

Sea-level in N, Antrim and §. Cork. To 1550 ft. in Down,
and to 2200 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

20. C. Buxbaumii Wahl.— Hoary Sedge.

Districts — — — — — — ~—~ — — — — XII.
Lat. 543°. Antrim only.

Lowland. Wet gravelly lake shores; very rare. 7. June-July.

XII. On one of the small islands in Lough Neagh (D. Moore):
Compan. to Bot. Mag., 1835, p. 305. ‘‘ Found by Mr. D. Moore in
1835 on a small island in Lough Neagh near Toom-bridge”: Flor.
Hib. One small patch found here in 1886 (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

Up to the year 1895, when it was discovered in Arisaig, West
Inverness, this plant was considered to be confined in the British
Isles to a single island in Lough Neagh. If not already extinct
in its only Irish station, there is reason to fear that it will soon
become so.

21. C. Hudsonii Ar. Benn.— Greater Tufted-Sedge.

C. stricta Good.— C. caespitosa Gay.

Districts I, II. ITI. TV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English-Intermediate.
Lowland. Marshes, ditches, and lake margins; frequent. FV.

May-June.
22. C. acuta Linn.—Slender-spiked Sedge.

Districts I. II. — — V. VI. — — — X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-542°. From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Sides of rivers and lakes; local. #7. May—June.

I. Killarney (Babington): Cyb. Near the mouth of the Flesk
river, Lower Lake, Killarney: &.W. 8S. 2889.—II. Youghal Bog,
1896; Phillips & R.W.S.—V. Banks of the canal at Rathangan,
Kildare; by the Boyne near Drogheda (Moore): Cyd. Inthe Boyne
400 CYPERACE A. [ Caren.

at Beaupark and Navan, Meath: Praeger 1897.—VI. Banks of the
Shannon and on the shores of Lough Derg, Galway (Moore): Cyb.—
X. By Lough Neagh at Raughlin, Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett):
Praeger 1893.  Killykeen, Lough Oughter, Cavan: Praeger
1897.—XII. By the side of the Lagan above Dromore 1803:
Templeton MS. Marshy meadows near Toome-bridge, Derry; by
the river near Randalstown and shores of Lough Neagh, Antrim
(Moore): Cyb. Abundant in marshes at the south side of Portmore
Lake; Lough Neagh north of Lurgan, &c. (Stewart); rather rare
in the North-East: Flor, V.-E.

Var. minor Led.—C. tricostata (Fries)—X. Margin of the lake
at Loughgall, Co. Armagh, 1877 (Stewart): Nyman Conspec.
Supp. i. 1890.

93. C. trinervis Degl—Three-nerved Sedge.

Districts — — — — — — — VII. — — — —
Lat. 58° 20’. County Galway only.

Moist ground by the sea; veryrare. J. July.

VIII. Damp part of an extensive seaside field near Roundstone,
Galway (Rev. E. F. Linton): Journ. of Bot.r888, p. 56.

A critical plant scarcely deserving of specific rank, which seems
to have occurred very sparingly in its only known Irish locality.

24, C. rigida Good.— Stiff Mountain Sedge.

Districts I. IL. IIJ. IV. — — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. Zype, Highland.

Wet and stony places on mountains; local. 7. June—July.

I. Mangerton and other high mountains in Kerry : Mack. Rar.
‘On Carrantuohill, Kerry: Flor. Hib. On the top of Brandon
mountain, Kerry (Moore): Cyb. Common on the higher mountains
of Kerry; &.W.S8. Adrigole mountain, Cork, 1894; Phillps.—
II. Common on the Galtee mountains, Tipperary: Mack. Rar. On
Knockmealdown mountains, rare; abundant on the Commeraghs
above Stilloge and Coumshingan Lakes; and—III. On Mount
Leinster and Blackstairs mountain: Hart 188gz.—IV. Top of
Lugnaquilla, Wicklow (More): Rec, Add.—VIII. On Nephin,
Mayo: Flor. Ulst. On all the higher Mayo mountains, Mweelrea,
Corslieve, &c,, except Croaghpatrick: Hart 1883 a.—IX, Summits
of Ben Bulben and Truskmore: B. &V. 1885.—X. Dart mountain
and Mullaghclogha, Tyrone: Hart 1884.— XI. On Bulben,
“Carex. | CYPERACEZA. 401

Ennisowen (Mr. Browne): Wade Rar. Common on Bulbein
mountain, Inishowen: Hart 1883. On Muckish and on Errigal :
Flor, Uist. Alt mountain near Ardara; Slieve Atooey; Aghla,
above Lough Finn: Hart 1886.—XII. On the top of Lag-na-
geragh, Co. Derry (Mr. Brown): Templeton MS. Sawel mountain,
Derry: Hart 1884.
. From 1000 to 2400 ft. in Donegal, 2500-2950 ft. in Wicklow,
and 1600-2600 ft. in Mayo (Hart). From 2000 to 3300 ft. in
Kerry (Hart & Druce 18917).

First found in Ireland by Robert Brown not later than
1800.

25. C. aquatilis Wahl.— Water Sedge.

Districts I. — — — V. — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-55°. From South to North. Type, Highland.

Lowland. Margins of lakes and rivers; ratherrare. F?. June-
July.

I. Banks of a small stream near the head of Caragh Lake; and
‘stream near the head of Upper Lake, Killarney: R.W. 8. 1889
r890.—V. In the river Blackwater, Co. Meath, near the Cavan
boundary; and—X. Plentiful in the same river in Co. Cavan,
between Lough Ramor and the Meath boundary: Praeger 1897.
Banks of the river Finn near Strabane, Tyrone (Miss I. C.
Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.

Var. sation Bab.— Var. Warsont Syme.—VIII. Plentiful for
twenty or thirty yards by the Maam river, Galway, above the
bridge: I. & S. 1896.—IX. In a wet thicket on the margin of
Lough Allen, on the Roscommon side of the old Shannon bridge at
Ballantra: Stewart 7885 & Bennett 1892.—XI. By the river Finn:
Hart 1885 y §& Bennett r892. By the river Eske; Hart.—
XII. By the river Main in Shane’s Castle Park (Praeger): Zr. Nat.
1892, pp. 41 § 49.

Var. vrruscens Anders.—XI. At Doochary Bridge, Donegal,
1886 (Hart): Bennett 1892.

C. hibernica Ar, Bennett—C. aquatilis x Hudsonii (?)—I. Gal-
way’s river, old Kenmare road, Kerry, 1889 (R.W. S.): Journ. of
Bot. 1897, p. 250, where Mr. Arthur Bennett describes and names
the plant, suggesting for it the above hybrid origin.

First found in Ireland (Var. nxation) by 8. A. Stewart at
Lough Allen, in 1884,

2»
402 ,CYPERACE#, [ Carex...

26. ©. vulgaris Fries—Lesser Tufted Sedge.

C. Goodenowtt J. Gay—C. caspitosa Good.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Marshy and boggy places; common. J. May-June.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1450 ft. in Down, and to.
2000 ft. in Galway (Hart); to 1800 ft. in Wicklow (W. C.); to.
2500 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

Var. soncutta T. UM. Fries—I. Near the head of the Upper:
Lake, Killarney; by Lough Cameclaun, Connor Hill, Kerry:
R.W. 8.1890 § 1891. Ballyphehane Bog, Cork, 1896; Phallips.—
IV. By the Slaney at Macmine Junction, Wexford: Marshall
1898.—VII. Bog of Lynn, Knock Drin, Westmeath: Zvinton
1896.—VIII. Lisoughter near Recess, Galway (Rev. S.A. Brenan):
Ir. Nat. 1896.—IX. Swamp opposite Ashford House, Cong:
M. § 8S. 1896.—XII. Ballintoy, Antrim (Rev. S. A. Brenan):
Ir. Nat. 1896.

27. C. glauca Scop.—Glaucous Heath- Sedge.

C. flacca Schreb.— C. recurva Huds.
Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures, banks, &c. in rather dry soil; common. 7. May-
June. Catleicole B.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Ben Bulben.
district (B. § V.); to 2500 ft. in Down (8. § P.).

Var, sticrocarra (Smith}—IX. On the north face of Ben Bulben,,
Sligo: B. & V. 1885.

28. C. limosa Linn.—Drooping Bog-Sedge.

Districts I. II. — — V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-532°, From South to North. Type, Scottish.

Wet bogs; rather rare. 7. June,

I. Widely distributed in county Kerry; R.W. 8. Plentiful in
bogs between Schull and Ballydehob, Cork, 1896; Phillips. Base-
of Sugar Loaf mountain, Glengariff ; and—II. Bluefort Bog, New-
market, Cork: Allin 287z.—V. Two miles south of Thomastown,
Kildare; in bogs near Carbury and between Athboy and Navan,
Meath: Praeger 1897.—V1. Monmore bog, Clare; and bog near:

°
Carex. | CYPERACEA. 403

Woodford, Galway (Moore): Cyb. Near Crusheen, Clare: Corry
1880. Bog drains at Ballycar, Clare: Stewart r890.—VII. Near
Belvedere Lake, Westmeath (Moore): Cyd. Lisclogher Bog, West-
meath; More. Scraw bog, Loughanstown, Westmeath: Levinge
1894.—VIII. On the west side of Lough Corrib: Graham r8go.
Near Bangor in Erris, Mayo (Moore): Cyb. About the base of
Nephin; Mweelrea; and the Twelve Bens in many places: Hart
18830. West side of Lough Mask, 1891; 2B. P. Vowell. Abundant
about Recess, W. Galway: P.g C.1895.—IX. Bog near Holly-
mount, Mayo (More): Cyb. Lough Gara, Sligo; Praeger.—
X. Margin of Lough Ouske, Sperrin Mountains (Praeger): Journ.
of Bot, 1892.—X1I. Near Killybegs (More): Cyd. Near Bally-
shannon; between Glen and Carrick: Hart 1885 y.— XII. Bally-
gowan bog near the middle, and in Donaghadee bog, 1804
(Lempleton) : Whitla US. Bog near Saintfield: Mor. Hib. Between
Fair Head and Murlough Bay ; on the large flow-bog at Rasharkin,
Antrim (Moore): Cyb. On the margin of Lough Naroon; still
frequent on bogs above Rasharkin; bogs east of Killagan railway
station: S. § P. 7895.  Plentiful in a wet marsh on Saul
camp ground at Downpatrick (Praeger): B.N.F.C.Proc. 1892-93.
Rather frequent in the West; rare in the North and East.

29. ©. pilulifera Linn.—Rownd-headed Sedge.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VIT. VITT. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths and moors, chiefly in mountain districts; frequent. 7.
May. Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in Down and Kerry. To 2200 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2796 ft. in Down (for, Ulst.); to 8120 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).

Var, Leesn Ridley—I. On Carrantuohill: Druce 189z.

30. C. precox Jacq.—Spring Sedge.

C. verna Chaix.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
_ Heaths and dry pastures; frequent and locally abundant. F7.
April-May.

Sea-level in Derry and in 8. Cork, To 1280 ft. in Donegal, and
to 1500 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

, ‘22
404 CYPERACEA, [ Carex.

31. C. pallescens Linn.—Pale Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. — VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. From South to North. Type, British.

_ Heaths, thickets, and moist pastures, chiefly in mountain dis-
tricts ; not infrequent. £7. June-July.

I., IL, X., and XII. Rather frequent, occurring in many
stations in Kerry, Cork, Monaghan, Armagh, Fermanagh, Cavan,
Antrim, Down, and Derry.—III. Right bank of the Barrow above
Tinnehinch Bridge, near Mountmellick, Queen’s Co.: Hart 7885.—
IV. Near the Seven Churches, Glendalough (Moore): Cyb. An-
namoe river near Annamoe, Wicklow, 1884; Hart.—VI. Dromore
near Ennis, Clare: Corry z880.—Gleninagh, Clare; and—VIII. Carn
Seefin, Lough Corrib, Galway: P. & C. 7895. Twelve Bens, Gal-
way; Mweelrea and Delphi, Mayo: Hart 2883 0.—IX. Near Fox-
ford, Mayo (Moore): Cyb. Near Dromod, Leitrim (W. TZ. Dyer):
Rec. Add.—XI. On a hill near Killybegs (More): Cyd. Near
Eske river: Corry 7882. Lough Columbkill near Milford: Hart
1880. At Ardnamona: Hart 1885 y.

To 1200 ft. in Cavan (Stewart) and in Kerry (2. W. S8.).

82. C. panicea Linn.— Pink Sedge.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Bogs and marshy places; common. /%. May—June.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1160 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 1700 ft. in Ben Bulben district (B. & V.); to 2400 ft,
in Mayo, and to 2550 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

33. C. pendula Huds.— Great pendulous Sedge.

Districts I. TI. UI. IV. V. VI. VII’ ~— IX. X. XL. XID
Lat. 513°-55°, Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British-
English.

Lowland. Moist woods, and by river and ditch banks; rather
rare. J. May-June.

I. Il. IV. and V. Frequent, occurring in many stations in Kerry,
Cork, Waterford, Wicklow, Wexford, and Dublin.—III. Wood-
stock by the edge of the Nore; thickets opposite St. Mullins above
New Ross on the banks of the Barrow: Hart 18858 & 1885.—
VI. Lisdoonvarna, Clare: Corry 1880. Chevy Chace, Galway:
Carex.) CYPERACE A, 405

Hart 1873.—VII. Clonad wood, King’s Co., 1896; Praeger.—
IX. Hazelwood, Lough Gill, Sligo; and woods above the south
shore of Glencar Lake, Leitrim, 1896 ; V.C.—X. Near Swanlinbar,
Cavan: Mack. Rar. Marble Arch, Co. Fermanagh: Stewart 1882.
Favour Royal, Tyrone: Hart 1887.—XI. By the river Eske above
Donegal; and by the Eanymore water above Inver: Hart 2885 y—
XII. Near Glenarm and Colin glen, Antrim (Moore): Cyd.
Woodburn glen: 8. § P. 2895. Gilenariff, Antrim: Shoolbred 1894.
Grounds of Montalto at Ballinahinch (Stewart): Flor. NV.-£E.

Frequently planted for ornament in parks and woods, and no
doubt introduced in many of its Irish stations.

34. C. strigosa Huds.—Loose-flowered Sedge.

Districts I. TI. TI. IV. V. — — — IX. X&. XI. XIL
Lat. 522°-55°. From South to North. Type, English.
Lowland. Hedge banks and moist woods; rare. £7. May—June.
I. Very abundant at Ballyseedy, and sparingly at Chute Hall,
Kerry: &.W. 8. 1889. North side of the river near Listowel,
Kerry: &.W. 8S. 289r.—II. Dreenagh wood in Doneraile Park
(C. Longfield): Allin’s Cork.—ITI. In Sir Robert Staple’s demesne,
Queen’s Co.: Mack. Rar.—IV. Inthe Dargle: Wade Rar. Plentiful
about a mile north of Courtown, Wexford: Marshall r898.—V. In
Luttrellstown wood [Woodlands]: Wade Rar. In hedges near
Drimnagh; and near Kilsallaghan, Co. Dublin: W. C. 1893.—
IX. Roadside at the west end of Glencar, Sligo: B. &V. 1885.—
X. In several places about Favour Royal, Tyrone: Hart 1887.
Ardmore, Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—XI1. Abun-
. dant at the Hall, Mount Charles; by the Erne, on an island opposite
Cliff: Hart 7885 y & 1886.—XII. Colin glen; on the Knockagh;
Woodburn glen ; Crawford’s burn; near Shane’s Castle; at Glenarm:
Flor. Uist. Belvoir Park, Antrim: B.N. F.C. Proce. 1870. By
the Lagan canal at the lower side of Drumbridge (Stewart): Flor.
V.-E. Near Muckamore, Antrim: Jy. Nat. 1893, p. 197.

35. C. sylvatica Huds.— Wood Sedge.

Districts I. IT. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Woods and hedges; frequent. 7. May-June.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1850 ft. in Ben Bulben
district (B. & V.). ‘
406 CYPERACEA. [ Carex.

36. C. levigata Smith—Smooth Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Marshy woods, and in hedgerows and wet bogs; rather frequent.
Fi. Fane.

I. and II. Frequent, occurring in many stations in Kerry, Cork,
and Waterford.—III. North-east base of Mount Leinster, Carlow :
Hart 1884. By the Barrow below Borris: Hart 1885. Ryland’s
wood near Newtownbarry, Carlow (2. Clayton Brown): Rec. Add.—
IV. In Glencree: Ball 183g—and in 1896; &.W. S.—YV. Kelly’s
Glen, Dublin (Moore): Cyb. On Kilmashogue mountain, Dublin:
N. C. 1895.—VI. Lisdoonvarna, Clare: Corry 1880. Chevy
Chace, Co. Galway: Hart 2873.—VII. Clonad wood, near Tulla-
more, King’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—VIII. In Drumman wood,
Lough Cullin, Mayo (More): Cyb. Between Clonbur and Mt.
Gable, Galway: IL. & S. 1896.—IX. Near Foxford, Mayo (More) :
Cyb. Woods near the base of Ben Bulben; and near Kinlough:
B. §& V. 1885.—X. Crum Castle, Lough Erne, rare: Barrington
788g. Common in Favour Royal woods, Tyrone: Hart 1887.—
XI. Near Killybegs (More): Cyb. At Leatbeg, Fanet: Hart
879. Abundant in woods about Lough Eske Castle: Hart
1885 y.—XII. In the wood at Belvoir, Down, 1814: Templeton
US. Near Ballycastle, Antrim (Moore): Cyb. By the Quoile at
Downpatrick; and very luxuriant by the Spinkwee river, Tolly-
more Park (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Bond’s Glen, parish of Upper
Cumber, Derry: Moore MS. Dungiven, Derry (Mrs. Leebody) :
S. & P. 1895.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 750 ft. in Dublin
(WV. C.); but usually lowland.

37. C. binervis Smith—Green-ribbed Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths and moors, chiefly in mountain districts; frequent.
Fl. May-June. Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in Derry and in S. Cork. To 2000 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2390 ft. in Down (S. § P.); to 2680 ft. in Mayo
(Hart) ; to 2750 ft, in Wicklow (WV. C.).
Carex. | CYPERACEA. 407

38. C. distans Linn.—Distant-Spiked Sedge.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Coasts of all Ireland. ype, British.

Salt marshes and moist rocky or stony ground by the sea;
frequent. £7. May—June.

39. C. punctata Gaud.—Dotted Sedge.

C. diluta Bieb.
Districts I. — — — — — — ~ ~—~ ~— ~— —
Lat. 514°-522°. South-West, Kerry and Cork only.

Sea cliffs, marshy ground, and damp stony places, by the sea;
locally abundant. 7. June.

I. Near the mouth of Dingle Harbour, Kerry (D. Oliver):
Phytol. 1853, p. rog5. At Sneem, Kerry (J. Woods): Cyb. On
wet rocky ledges, Kerry Head ; sparingly near Hog’s Head, Water-
ville; and very abundant about Derrynane and along Kenmare
Bay; base of cliffs east side of Ventry Harbour: &.W. S. 2889,
890 & 89x. Shore at Glengariff, sparingly ; in greater quantity
near Dunboy, Berehaven, Cork, 1853: Carroll 2854. Plentiful in
‘boggy or marshy meadows near Ardgroom at some little distance
from the sea (More): Rec. Add. Shore of Oysterhaven inlet; by
‘the Bandon river below Kilgobbin; at Toe Head; Lough Hyne;
near the entrance to Glandore harbour; near Myros wood: Allin’s
Cork. Near Kinsale, 1892; at Adrigole, 1894; and at Ballyde-
‘hob, 1896; Phillips. At Glandore, 1896; J. Groves.

First found by Daniel Oliver, at Dingle, in 1853.

40. C. Hornschuchiana Hoppe—TZawny Sedge.

“C. spertostachya Smith.
Districts I, II, III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Boggy and heathy ground, chiefly in mountain districts;
frequent. £7. May-June.

Sea-level in Derry and in Kerry. To 1700 ft. in Down (S. §-P. );
‘to 1800 ft.in Kerry (Druce r89r).

41. C. extensa Good.— Bracteated Sea-Sedge.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. — — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland, probably. Zype, British.
Salt marshes; frequent. #7. June.
408 CYPERACEA. [ Cares...

42. Q. flava Linn.— Yellow Sedge.

Districts I. IL. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIi..
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Boggy and marshy places; common. 7. May-June.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Donegal and
to 2050 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 2350 ft. in Wicklow (IV. C.); to-
2650 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

The Irish plant is usually Var. terrpocarps (Zausch) = Var.
ELation Schlecht.

Var.crezrows:s Marsson—( C. Gideri Auct.)(?)—Though perhaps.
yarer than Var. teprpocarpa, this has been recorded for Districts.
L, IV., V., VL, VIL, VIII, IX., X. and XII. and probably
occurs throughout Ireland.

C. xanthocarpa Degl.—C. flava x Hornschuchiana (?)—I. At
Gouganebarra and at Lough Allua, 1897; Phellips.

43. C. filiformis Linn.—Slender-leaved Sedge.

Districts I. — III. — V. VI. VIL. VITI. IX. X. XI. [XIT.]
Lat. 514°-542°. From South to North. Zype, Scottish-British.

Lowland. Ditches in peat bogs, and lake and river margins ;
rather rare. 1. May-June.

I. At the south end of Upper Lake, Killarney, and abundant
round a small lake near it; abundant near the railway where it
crosses the river Brick near Lixnaw, Kerry: &.W. 8. 1890 § 1891.
Ballyphehane bog, Cork: Drummond 1820. Abundant in a lake at
the head of Glengariff: Allin z87z. Lake near Sheep’s Head:
Allin’s Cork. By Lough Allua, 1897; Phalliys.—III. Marsh near
Maryborough, Queen’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—V. Bog between Navan
and Drogheda in Meath (Moore): Cyb.—VI. Monmore Bog, Clare;
and bog ditches near Portumna and near Lough Derg (Moore):
Cyb. Near Boonaveen Point, Lough Derg, and abundant by the
Shannon near Portumna: JW. C. 2897.—-VII. Bog at Ladiston,
Mullingar (Moore): Cyd. East shore of Lough Ree, by the inner
lough and plentiful on Temple island, Westmeath; and at Rathcline,
Longford: B. & V. 2887. Scraw bog, Loughanstown, Westmeath,
locally plentiful: ZLevinge r894.—VIII. On the west side of Lough
Corrib: Graham 1840. Near Woodstock, four miles from Galway,
1838: Mack. App. to Fraser. Near Lough Cregduff, Roundstone ;
More. About the base of Mweelrea and Nephin ; and by the Erniff
Carex. ] CYPERACEA. 409

river in Mayo: Hart 18830. Oughterard, Galway (Miss I. C.
Knowles): P. § C. 1895. Lakes near Cloonacartan Recess, 1897;
WV. C. Between Maam and Lough Corrib, Galway; and—IX. Near
Cong, Mayo: WM. & S. 7896. Near Hollymount, Mayo (More): Cyb.
Lough Key, Roscommon ; Praeger.—X. In lakes on the west margin
of Fermanagh: Hart 1885 y—XI. Bog near Killybegs (More):
Cyb. Lough Eske; Lough Unshin; Lough Golagh, and other lakes
in south-west Donegal: Hart 7885 y. Lake near Cliff; and stream
from Sheskinmore Lake north-west of Ardara: Hart 1886.—
XII. At Selshan near Deer Park, side of Lough Neagh, 1832:
Herb, Moore—perhaps extinct now through drainage: S. & P. 1895.
Not infrequent in the West, rare in the East and North-East.

44, C. hirta Linn.— Hairy Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII

Lat. 52°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Wet pastures and marshy places; frequent. #7. May-June.
To 800 ft. in Dublin (MW. C.); but usually lowland.

45. ©. Pseudo-cyperus Linn.— Cyperus-like Sedge.

Districts I. TI. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-543°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, English.

Lowland. Marshy and watery places; widespread but rare.
Fi. June.

I. Marshy ground near the Lee, Cork: Drummond 1820.
Between Ballyphehane bog and Douglas: Flor. Cork. Near Ballin-
collig, 1894; Phllips.—II. Inchacummawn bog, Blarney: Flor.
Cork. Ballycotton (Carroll): Cyb. Dunsfort Bog, Midleton (Rev.
T. Allin): Rec. Add. Sparingly in a bog near Youghal, 1896 ;
Phillips & R. W. S.—IITI. Marsh in Sir Robert Staples woods.
[Dunmore], Queen’s Co.: Mack. Rar. By the canal at Mount-
mellick, Queen’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—IV. At the old Dargle,
Wicklow: Wade Rar. Marshes near Newcastle, Wicklow (ore) :
Rec. Add.—vV. Brackenstown wood; and at Curragha, Dublin:
Wade Rar. Bog drains by the canal three miles east of Enfield:
Praeger 1897.—V1. At Plassy near Limerick (Carroll): Cyd.
Dromoland demesne, Newmarket, Clare: Corry r880. Abundant
at Ballycar and Ennis, Clare: Stewart zS890. Shores of Lough
Derg at Rinmaher,. Galway; and—VII. At Slevoir Point, and
Gortmore, Tipperary: WV. C. 2897. At Shannon Harbour near
410 CYPERACEZ. [ Caren.

Portumna (Moore): Cyb. Ballymackeogh bog near Newport,
Tipperary : Hart z88z y.—VIII. By the railway between Galway
and Moycullen: I. & S. 1896.—IX. Near Ballybay, Lough Ree,
Roscommon: B. V7. z887.—X. Abundant in bogs near Belturbet,
Cavan (Moore): Cyb. Derrywhinny bog and Farnham lake,
Cavan: Jr. Nat. 1896, p. 196. Tartaraghan Glebe; and near
Lurgan, Armagh (Rev. G. Robinson): Praeger 1893.—XII. Sides
of drains in the Bog meadows, 1797 (Zempleton): Whitla US.—
a very few plants still there in 1886 (Praeger): For. N.-E.

46. CO. paludosa Good.—Lesser Bank-Sedge.

C. acutiformis Ehrh.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. — IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. Zype, British.

Lowland. Banks of rivers and lakes, ditches, and marshy
places ; rather frequent. 27. May-June.

I. Gearagh, near Macroom 1897; Phillips. Near Dunmanway ;
and—II. Dunfort Bog, Midleton, Cork: Allin z87z, Clonea near
Dungarvan, Waterford; and Cloon bridge above Thurles by the
Suir, Tipperary : Hart 1885 a.—III. Marshes in Sir Robt. Staples’
woods [Dunmore], Queen’s Co.: Mack Rar. By the Slaney in
several places between Coolmoney and Tullow, Carlow; Hart.
By the Nore below Abbeyleix and near Ballyragget: Hart 1885 6.
By the Barrow below Athy, in Queen’s Co.; 2. W. S.—IV. Marshes
near the Murrough of Wicklow (More): Rec. Add. By the Slaney
between Scarawalsh bridge and Enniscorthy; Ballymader on the
Wexford coast; Hart.—V. Banks of the Grand Canal in Dublin
and Kildare, plentiful (Moore): Cyb. By the Tolka river above
Blanchardstown, and ditches near Drimnagh, 1893; by the Ward
river at Knocksedan, 1894; at Lucan, 1897, &c.; frequent in
Co. Dublin; 4. C.—VI. Near Ennis, Clare: Corry 1880.—
VII. Bog near Multyfarnham, Westmeath (More): Rec. Add.
Donore; Derevaragh Lake; and Quarry Bog, Westmeath : Levinge
894. Upper reaches of the Suir and by the Barrow in several
places: Hart r88ra and 1885 (as C. acuta).—IX. Marsh near
Diffreen river, Glencar, Leitrim: WV. C. 2896. Lough Key, Ros-
common; Praeger.—X. Side of the lake at Loughgall manor,
Armagh: More 1860. Tynan Abbey demesne; marsh a mile
north-east of Loughgall, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. Side of
the river Bann below Coleraine: Herb. Moore. Extremely rare in
north-east Ireland: Flor, V.-E.
Carex. | CYPERACEA. 411

47. C.riparia Curtis—Greater Bank-Sedge.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. From South to North. ype, British-English.

Lowland. Banks of ditches, rivers, and lakes; rather rare.
Fil. May.

I. At Muckross; near Tralee, &c.; widespread in Kerry:
R.W. 8S. 1889 § 1891. Ballyphehane Bog, Cork : Drummond 1820.
Near Gurrane lake, Dunmanway: Allin’s Cork. Kilkerrin lake
near Castlefreke, 1896; R.W.S.—II. Shanagarry bog, Ballycotton
(Carroll): Cyb. Carbanagh lake near Millstreet: -Allin’s Cork.
Bog near Youghal, 1896; R.W.S. By the Blackwater below
Williamstown: Hart 18855. By the Suir between Thurles and
Turtullahill: Hart 2885 a.—III. By the Barrow below St. Mullins;
by the Nore between Woodstock and New Ross: Hart 1885 § 18858.
At Maryborough ; Praeger—IV. Ditches on the Murrough of Wick-
low (Moore): Cyb. By the Slaney below Enniscorthy; Morris
Castle, coast of Wexford: Hart 188ra.—V. Ditches near the shore
at Donabate, Co. Dublin (Afoore): Cyd. Abundant at Donabate
and Turvey, 1893; at Dunsoghly Castle and by the Ward river at
Coolatrath,.1894; at Baldoyle, 1892, and other stations in Co.
Dublin; 4.C. Willowbrook near Ballitore, Kildare (Carroll):
Cyb.—VI. Headford, Galway (2. J. Shuttleworth): Cyb. Ennis
and Ballycar, Clare; and Rinekirk, Limerick, frequent: Stewart
890.—VII. Near Portumna (Moore): Rec. Add. Knockane bridge
above Thurles by the Suir: Hart 7885a. Drain by the Inny
below Ballymahon, Longford: B. § V. 1887.—X. Banks. of the
river Finn in Tyrone (Admiral Jones): Cyb.—XI. At St. John’s
Point ; and near Carrickfad, S. Donegal : Hart 1585 y.— XII. Shores
of. Lough Neagh, and by the Carrickfergus road near Whitehouse,
Antrim, 1804; in a lake two miles south-east of Kilmore, Down,
1810: Zempleton MS. Portmore Lough, Antrim (Moore): Cyd.
and S. § P.z895. By the Six-Mile river near Templepatrick
(Stewart): Cyb. Abundant in several spots by the Bann, Co.
Derry, between Coleraine and the sea: S. § P. 1895.

48. C. ampullacea Good.— Bottle Sedge.
C. rostrata Stokes.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZyye, British.
Ditches, lake-margins, bogs, &c.; frequent. 27. May—June.
412 CYPERACEA. [ Carex.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Donegal
and in Tipperary (Hart); to 2050 ft. in Wicklow (WV.C.).

C. rhynchophysa C. A. Meyer.

C. ampullacea var. robusta Weinmann.
tiie <2 a ee SS Se ee
Lat. 543°. Co. Armagh only. Not found in Great Britain.

Bog drains; very rare. 7. June.

X. In a deep drain communicating with Mullaghmore Lake,
Co. Armagh, 1892 (Praeger): Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 33:

A plant of Northern Europe first discovered in the British Isles.
by R. Li. Praeger in 1892.

49. ©. vesicaria Linn.—Bladder Sedge.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.

Lowland. Boggy and watery places, sides of rivers and lakes;
not infrequent. 7. May-June.

I. Killarney Lakes (Moore): Cyb. & R.W. 8. 1888. Frequent
about Killarney; R. W.S. Ballyphehane bog: Mack. Rar.—
II. Frequent near Doneraile and Buttevant (Carroll); near Midle-
ton and Mallow: Allin’s Cork. By the Suir in many places, as.
at Thurles, Aughakillen, &c.: Hart 28850. By the Blackwater
above Lismore: Hart 1885 5.—III. Near Cullenagh, Queen’s Co. :
Mack. Rar. Frequent by the Barrow in Queen’s Co. and Carlow
(Moore): Oyb. & Hart 1885.—IV. By the Slaney between Ennis-
corthy and Edermine, Wexford: Hartz88zra. By the river below
Lough Dan and by the coast between Wicklow and Arklow ; Hart.—
V. Glack Bog, near Castlebellingham, Louth; Cecil Butler. By
the Black river near Monasterevan, Kildare: Hart r885.—VI. Rine-
kirk, Limerick: Stewart 2890. Castletown and Carran, Clare;
P. B. O'Kelly. On the shore of Lough Derg near Portumna
. (Moore): Cyb.—and in 1896; W.C.—VII. By the Suir at Knock-
ane bridge: Hart 1885a. Near Athlone: B. & V. 1887.—
VIII. Banks of the Moy near Foxford, Mayo; and—IX. River below
Hollymount, Mayo (More): Cyd. Near Dromod, Leitrim (W. T.
Dyer): Rec. Add. Frequent at the south end of Lough Allen:
Stewart 1885.—X. and XII. Not infrequent, occurring in many
stations in Fermanagh, Cavan, Armagh, Monaghan, Tyrone,
‘Cares. | CYPERACEZ. 4138

Antrim, Down, and Derry.—XI. By the Erne below Belleek :
Hart 1885 y. By the Lennan river out of Lough Fern; Hart.

ORDER LXXVII.—GRAMINEA.
PHALARIS Linn.

1. P. arundinacea Linn.— Reed Grass.

Baldinghera arundinacea Dum.—Digraphis arundinacea Trin.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIIT. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Ditches, riversides, &c.; locally abundant. #7. June-July.

To 700 ft. in Dublin (¥. C.); but usually lowland.

ANTHOXANTHUM Linn.

1. A. odoratum Linn.— Vernal Grass.

‘Districts I. IT. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Pastures, heaths, and woods; common. 7. May—June.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 2890 ft. in Down
(8S. & P.); to 2680 ft. in Mayo, and to 3030 ft. in Kerry (Har¢).

ALOPECURUS Linn.

1. A. geniculatus Linn.— Floating Fox-tail.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Ditches and marshy places; frequent. 7. June—July.
Sea-level in Derry and in Cork. To 1150 ft. in Dublin (™ C.).

2. A. pratensis Linn.—Ueadow Fox-tail.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XL XI.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Moist meadows; frequent and locally abundant. £7. May-June.

-Sea-level in N. Derry and in Kerry. To 1200 ft. in Dublin (¥.C.).
414 GRAMINEA. [Mlium.

MILIUM Linn.

1. M. effusum Linn.— filet Grass.

Districts I. Il. III. IV. — — VII. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-543°, From South to North. Type, British-English.

Lowland. Shady woods; rather rare. 7. June.

I. Woods at Muckross, Killarney (Moore): Cyb. By the Upper
Lake and in the Deer-park, Killarney ; by Caragh lake ; at Tralee ;
Ballinruddery woods, Listowel; and Fermoyle woods west of Castle-
gregory, Kerry: &.W.S. 1889 § 1892. Dunderrow wood, Cork :
Allin 1874. At Castlefreke Cork, 1890: Phillips 1895.—II. Wood
at Castle-hyde, Cork: Drummond z8z8. Dunscombe’s wood, Cork :
Flor. Cork. ota wood, Glanmire: Phillips 1895. Near Clonmel
(Miss A, Taylor): Cyb. Woods of Lismore Castle, Waterford :
Ir. Nat. 1894, p. 184.—III. Borris demesne and woods opposite
St. Mullins on the Barrow: Hart 1885.—IV. In the wood at
Luggylaw, 1802: Zempleton MS. Dargle and Powerscourt: Flor.
Hib. Newtown Mount-Kennedy, Wicklow (Moore) ; and wood at
Tinnehinch ( White): Cyb.—VII. Knock Ross, Westmeath : Levinge
1894.—VIII. Drumman wood near Lough Cullin and wood on the
shore of Lough Conn (More): Cyb.—IX. Woods near Sligo
(J. Wynne): Cyb.—X. Dunamanagh, Tyrone (Admiral Jones): Cyb.
Woods at Favour Royal, Tyrone: Hart 7887. Abundant in Stra-
bane glen, Tyrone (Miss UL. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897. Killooney
near Armagh (Rev. W. F. Johnson); Ivy Lodge near Newry (ev.
HT. W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—XI. Ardnamona, Lough Eske; by
the Eanymore water, below Drumagraa bridge: Hart 1885 y.—
XII. Tollymore Park: Hart 188g. Killeen glen and Stormount
glen, Down (Stewart): Flor. N.-Z. Wooded shore of lough south
of Rostrevor: S. & P. 892.

PHLEUM Linn.

1. P. pratense Linn.— Timothy Grass.

Districts I. IT. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Meadows and pastures; frequent. 7. July-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Dublin
(Wy. C.).

Widely distributed, but rather rare in many parts of Ireland.
Phieum.] GRAMINE#. 415

2. P. arenarium Linn.—Sea Cat’s-tail Grass.

Districts I. Il. — IV. V. VI. — — IX. — XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland, probably. Type, English-
British.

Sandy seashores; rather rare. 27. May-June.

I. Castlegregory, Kerry (Moore): Cyb. At Banna sand-hills ;
and abundant at Castlegregory: &.W.S. 1889.—II. Near Clay
Castle, Youghal; and at Ballycotton: Mor. Cork. Sparingly at
the mouth of Fannisk river: Allin’s Cork. Coast of Waterford
(Carroll): Cyb—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.
Sand-hills at Arklow and northwards (More): Ree. Add. Cahore
Point; Raven Point; and Rosslare, Wexford: Hart 71883 B.
Shore near Duncannon fort, Wexford (Dr. Barker): Templeton
MS.—YV. Plentiful between Baldoyle and Howth, 1806: Mack. Rar.
Frequent at Sandymount and Portmarnock: Mack. Cat. On the
Cosh and at the Quarry, Howth; on Ireland’s Eye: Flor. Howth.
Abundant at Rush and Portrane, 1893; on the North Bull, 1895;
NV. C. Gormanstown, Meath (More): Ree. Add.VI. Aranmore,
Galway Bay (Hart): Rec. Add—IX. Strand hill and Rosses,
Sligo; Praeger.—X1. Doaghmore and Glinsk; Carrigart; Glen
Bay; near Ardara; Ballyvickstocker strand; between Greencastle
and Inishowen Head, and in many other stations in Donegal: Hart
1879, &¢.—XII. On the sands at Newcastle, 1797 (Zempleton) :
Whitla MS. Dundrum sand-hills and abundant at Portrush
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Abundant along the Derry coast from
Lough Foyle to Portstewart (Loore): Cyd.

AGROSTIS Linn.
1. A. canina Linn.— Brown Bent.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths, moors, and bogs; frequent. 7. July-August.
Caleifuge B.

Sea-level in Antrim and in Kerry. To 2300 ft, in Down
(S.§ P.); to 3400 ft. in Kerry (More).

Much less abundant in Ireland than the other species of Agrostis
and quite rare over considerable areas.
416 GRAMINEZ. [ Agrostis.

2. A. alba Linn. —Warsh Bent; Fiorin.

Districts J. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. TZyype, British.

Moist meadows and pastures, and rocks by the sea; common.
i, July.

Sea-level in N. Derry and §. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Donegal and
to 1650 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

8. A. vulgaris With.—/ine-leaved Bent.

Districts I. IT. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIJI. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Dry pastures and heaths; common. 7. July.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 2460 ft. in Donegal
(Flor, Uist.) ; to 2680 ft. in Mayo, to 8000 ft. in Wicklow, and to
3400 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Var. pomita (Linn.)—I. Not rare in 8. Kerry; and—VI. Near
Abbeyfeale, Co. Limerick; &. W.S.— VIII. On Inishbofin;
frequent on the higher parts of the hills: More 1876.—X. At Cam
Lough and on the railway south of Newry, Armagh: Praeger 1893.
Hay Island, Lough Erne; Praeger.—XII. Sandhillsat Newcastle, also
on Slieve Bingian and Eagle mountain, Down, reaching to 1600 ft. :
S.& P. 2892. Ballycastle; Magilligan; Kilrea, &.: S. §. P. 1895.

CALAMAGROSTIS Adans.

1. C. Epigeios Roth— Wood Reed.

Arundo Epigeios Linn.
Districts — — — — — VI. — VIII. — — — XII.
Lat. 538°-55°. West and North. Zype, English-British.

Lowland. Moist, rocky thickets; very rare. FU. July.

VI. Near Killeany, Aranmore Island, in two places, 1869 (Hart):
Ree. Add. Near Killeany (Mfiss M. C. Knowles); near Port Cowrugh
and frequent. at intervals from Port Murvy to the Seven Churches,
Aranmore: Praeger 1895.—VIII. Sparingly on rocky banks near
the harbour, Inishbofin: More 7876.—XII. Shady, moist, rocky
places on Formoyle Hill, parish of Dunboe, Derry: Moore US. &
Flor, Hib.—apparently extinct here: 8S. ¢ P. 7895. Between
Maghera and Garvagh, Derry (Moore): Cyb.

First found in Ireland by David Moore in 1835.
“Calamagrostis. | GRAMINEZ. 417

2. C. stricta Nutt.—Narrow Reed.

C. lapponica Hook.—C. neglecta Fr.—Deyeuxia neglecta Kunth.
Districts — — — — — ~—~ — — — X. — XIL.
Lat. 543°-542°. North-East only. Zype, Local-Intermediate.

Lowland. Gravelly and stony lake shores; very rare. 7.
June-July.

X. Scawdy island in Lough Neagh near Maghery, Tyrone
(Rev. G. Robinson): Flor. Ulst. §& Rec. Add. Still on Scawdy
island in 1887, and also observed near Washing Bay, Tyrone, by
Rev. G. Robinson: Flor. V.-#£. Abundant in a low meadow by
the shore of Lough Neagh near the entrance of the Lagan canal,
Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. On a small island in Lough Neagh,
in July, 1836, and in several localities along the shores of the lough
near Antrim, in July, 1887 (Moore): Colby 1837. Shore of Lough
Neagh near Shane’s Castle (Prof. Babington): Cyb. & Flor. N.-E.
Still at Shanes Castle, 1886 (Praeger): Flor. N.-E. Island in
Lough Neagh, near Toome (Moore): Flor. Ulst. By the shore of
Lough Beg, north-west of Toome, Derry (Stewart): Mor. N.-E.

Only on the shores and islands of Lough Neagh in the counties
of Antrim, Derry, Tyrone, and Armagh. The Irish plant is Var.
Hooxrzrr (Syme), which appears to be peculiar to Ireland.

First found in Ireland by David Moore in 1836.

PSAMMA Beauv.

1. P. arenaria Rem. & Schult.—Marram; Sea Mat- Grass,

P. littoralis P. B.—Ammophila arundinacea Host.
Districts I. I. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XU.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Sandy sea-shores; frequent and locally abundant. 7. July.

ATRA Linn.

1. A. caryophyllea Linn.—Stlvery Hair- Grass.

Airopsis caryophyllea Fries—Avena caryophyllea Web.
Districts I. IL. IMT. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat, 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Heaths and dry banks; frequent. 47. May—June. Caleifuge B.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1850 ft. in Down (Hart).
2
418 GRAMINEA, [ Aira.

2. A. precox Linn.— arly Hatr- Grass.
Atropsis precox Fries—Avena precox Beauv.
Districts I. II. IU. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Heaths and dry banks; frequent. F7. May. Calcifuge B.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8S. Cork. To 1660 ft. in Down.
(8. g P.); to 2100 ft. in Dublin (. C.).

DESCHAMPSIA Beauv.
1. D. cespitosa Beauv.— Tufted Hair- Grass.

Aira cespitosa Linn.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Damp and boggy meadows, woods, &c.; frequent. £7. July—-Aug.
Sea-level in N. Derry and in 8. Cork. To 2680 ft. in Mayo,
and to 3000 ft. in Wicklow (Hart).
Var. psevpo-atpIna Syme.—I. On Slieve Mish and on Man-
gerton, Kerry: &.W. 8S. 28809.

D. alpina Rem. & Schult.
Aira alpina Linn.
Districts IL — — — — — — VIII. —- — — —
Lat. 52°-534°, Kerry and Mayo only. Type, Highland.

Damp, rocky places on mountains; very rare. FJ. July.

I. Near the summit of Carrantuohill (More): Ree. Add. Frequent
on the cliffs of Magillicuddy’s Reeks: Hart 2882. On Baurtregaum,
Kerry : Hart 788ra, On Brandon mountain: Linton 2880. Upper
part of the Horse’s Glen, Mangerton (H. WV. Ridley): Journ. of
Bot. 1884.— VIII. On Mweelrea, Mayo: Hart 71883 a.

From 2500 ft. to 2100 ft. in Mayo (Hart); 3870-2550 ft. in
Kerry (More & Hart).

There is reason to suspect that some of the foregoing records are
referable to the variety psrvpo-aLprna of the preceding species.

2. D. discolor Rom. & Schult.—Warsh Hair- Grass.

_Atra uliginosa Weihe—Aira setacea Huds,
Districts — — — — — — — VIII — — ~— ~—
Lat. 582°-534°. County Galway only.

Lowland. Marshy places; very rare. FV. July.
Deschampsia. | GRAMINE A. 419

VIII. On the swampy borders of Lough Cregg-duff near Round-
stone, Connemara (More): Journ. of Bot. 1869, p. 265. In many
localities from Clifden to Kilkieran, Connemara (More): Ree. Add.

First found in Ireland by A. G. More in 1869,

3. D. flexuosa Trin.— Waved Hatr- Grass.

Atra flecuosa Linn. :
Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths and moors, especially in mountain districts; frequent.
Fl. Fune-July. Calerfuge A.

Descends to sea-level in Derry and to about 100 ft. in Kerry.
Ascends to 2000 ft. in Derry (Hart); to 2796 ft. in Down
(8. & P.); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow, and to 3414 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

HOLCUS Linn.
1. H. mollis Linn.— Creeping Soft-Grass.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.
Woods, heaths, &c.; not infrequent. FV. June-Aug. Caletfuge C.
Sea-level in N. Derry andin Kerry. To 1650 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).
Rare in many parts of Ireland and nowhere so abundant as the
following species.

2. H. lanatus Linn.— Meadow Soft- Grass.

Districts I. IJ. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Meadows, waste places, &c.; common. 7, June-July.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8.-Cork. To 13850 ft. in Down
(S.§ P.) ; to 1600 ft. in Dublin (W. C.).

TRISETUM Pers.

1. T. flavescens Beauv.— Yellow Oat- Grass.

T. pratense Pers.— Avena flavescens Linn,
Districts I. IJ. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 514°-55°, Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype,English-British.
Dry pastures; frequent. 7. July. Caleicole B.
252
420 GRAMINEZ. [ Zrisetum.

Sea-level in Antrim and inKerry. To 1000 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).
Not yet recorded for Donegal, where it may be expected to
occur on the limestone in the south; rather rare in the North-East.

AVENA Linn.
1. A. pubescens Huds.—Downy Oat- Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Dry banks and pastures; frequent. #7. May-June. Caleccole B.
To 1500 ft. in Sligo (¥. C.); but usually lowland.

ARRHENATHERUM Beauy.

1. A. avenaceum Beauv.—TZall Oat-Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Fields, banks, hedges, &e.; common. 7, June-July.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1250 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).

TRIODIA R. Br.
1. T. decumbens Beauy.—Heath- Grass.

Sieglingia decumbens Bernh.—Danthonia decumbens DC.
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.
Heaths and moors, chiefly in uplands; frequent. 7. June-July.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2050 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.).

PHRAGMITES Trin.

1. P. communis Trin.— Common Reed.

Arundo Phragmites Linn.
Hibernicé Gioloac ( Gydle-cuck).
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Sides of lakes, in ditches, marshes, &c.; common. FV. July—Aug.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Donegal,
and to 700 ft. in Kerry (Hart); but usually lowland.
Sesleria. | GRAMINEZ. 421

SESLERIA Scop.

1. §. ecerulea Arduin.— Blue Moor- Grass.

Districts — — — — — VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. —
Lat. 58°-543°, West of Ireland. Type, Highland-Intermediate.

Rocky pastures and mountains; locally abundant. 7. April-
May. Calcicole A.

VI. Forms the principal part of the pasture in the Marquis of
Clanrickarde’s demesne, Portumna (Moore): Phytol. 1845, p. 130.
Abundant on the west shore of Lough Derg near Portumna
(Moore): Cyb. On Tlaunmore, Lough Derg: W. C. 2897. Plenti-
ful about Castle Taylor and other places in East Galway: More
1855 & Cyb. Inthe Great Island of Aran (Prof. Balfour): Phytol.
1853. In all three Isles of Aran: Hart 1875. Common in
Burren, Clare, 1892; Levinge.—VII. Meadows by the Shannon at
Athlone; R. P. Vowell. Shores of Lough Derg at Derry Island ;
Slevoir point, &c., Tipperary: WV. C. 2897.—VIII. Frequent to
the west of Galway (Prof. Melville): Cyb. On the west side of
the creek at Ballina, Mayo (Moore): Cyb. South of Lough Mask:
MM. & S. 1896—extending here into—IX. Shores of Lough Carra,
Mayo: More 1860. On all the calcareous mountains of Leitrim
and Sligo: Murphy 17829. « Knocknarea, Sligo; Praeger.—
X. Shean Hill, Poulaphuca, Lough Erne: Barrington 1889.—
XI. On the banks of the Erne at Ballyshannon (More): Cyb.
Abundant between Ballyshannon and Bundoran; about Lough
Gorman; St. John’s Point; south-east shore of Lough Eske; by
the Eanymore Water in several places; banks by the sea a little
north of Bundoran: Hart 1885 y.

Sea-level in Galway, Mayo, and Donegal. To 1100 ft. in Ben
Bulben district (B. § V.); to 1000 ft. in Clare (VV. C.); but chiefly
lowland in Ireland.

CYNOSURUS Linn.
1. C. ecristatus Linn.—Dog’s-tail Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures; common. /¥. July-August.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Derry
(Flor. N.-E.); to 1600 ft. in Dublin (WY. C.).
422 GRAMIN: EA A { Keleria.

KCELERIA Pers.

1. K. cristata Pers.— Crested Hatr-Grass.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-542°. From South to North. Type, British.

Dry pastures, banks, and rocky places; not infrequent. Fi.
June-July.

Sea-level in N. Derry and in Kerry. To 1000 ft. in Derry
(Moore) ; to 1500 ft. in Donegal (Hart).

Much more frequent near the sea than in inland stations.

MOLINIA Schrank.

1. M. exrulea Meench—Purple Moor-Grass.

Districts I. IJ. I1I. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heathy and boggy places; frequent and locally abundant.
Fl, July-August. Caleifuge C.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1700 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2450 ft. in Down (S. & P.); to 2250 ft. in Kerry (Har?).

CATABROSA Beauv.

1. C. aquatica Beauv.— Water Whorl- Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XT. XI.
Lat. 52°-553. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Ditches, pools, and watery places, usually in clay soils; frequent.
£1, Suane—July.

To 850 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.); but usually lowland.
Though widespread, a rare species in many parts of Ireland.

MELICA Linn.

1. M. uniflora Retz.— Wood Melick- Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 512°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Woods, hedge-rows, and shady places; frequent and
locally abundant. 27. May-June.
Dactylis. | GRAMINEA. 423

DACTYLIS Linn.

1. D. glomerata Linn.— Cock’ s-foot Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Pastures, waste places, &.; common. FV. June—July.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1200 ft. in Dublin
(NW. C.), and in Kerry (Hart).

BRIZA Linn,

1. B. media Linn.— Quaking- Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VITT. TX. X. XI. XI

Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Dry banks and pastures; locally abundant. J. June—July.
Sea-level in Derry and Kerry. To 1400 ft. in Wicklow (WV. C.).

POA Linn.

1. P. annua Linn.— Annual Meadow- Grass.

‘Districts I. TI. TI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VITT. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 51$°-552°.. Throughout Ireland. Type, British:
Roadsides, waste places, &c.; common. /%,. Throughout the year.
Sea-level.in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2200 ft. in Derry
(Hart); to 2450 ft. in Down (S. & P.); to 2500 ft. in Mayo, and
to 3000 ft. in Tipperary (Hart); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow (¥. C.);
to 3200 ft. in Kerry (More).

2. P. alpina Linn.— Mountain Meadow- Grass.

Districts I. — — — — — — — TX. — — —
Lat. 522°-542°. Kerry and Sligo. Type, Highland.

Rocks on high mountains; very rare. £7. July-August.

I. Near the well on the top of Brandon mountain, Kerry, 1804:
Mack, Rar, Still on the top of Brandon in 1885; W.C.—IX. On
Ben Bulben and other mountains in Sligo: Mack. Rar. Frequent
at the summit of Ben Bulben and at Annacoona: B. g. V. 1885.

From 1500 ft. to 1950 ft. in Sligo (B.¢ V.); to 3100 ft. in

Kerry (Cyé.).
424 GRAMINE A. [ Pos...

8. P. nemoralis Linn.— Wood Meadow- Grass.

Districts I. — — IV. V. VI. VII. — — — — XI.
Lat. 513°-55°. East and North-East, chiefly. Type, British.

Woods and thickets; rare. #7. June-July.

I. Woods at Castle Bernard, S. Cork, 1897; Phallips.—
IV. Plentiful at the Dargle, Wicklow: Mack. Cat.—V. Between
Luttrellstown [Woodlands] and Lucan: Wade Rar. Wall tops at
Woodlands, 1893; in Lucan demesne, 1894; WW. C. In Kildare, at
Ballitore (Carroll); and near Straffan (J. Douglas): Cyb. By the
river at Poulaphuca, Kildare, 1896; and near Navan, Meath, 1897 ;
R.W. S.—VI. Woods at Ballyvalley, near Killaloe, Clare: WV. C.
1897.—VII. Tops of old walls at Knock Drin, Westmeath,
thoroughly established if not indigenous: Levinge 189¢.—XII. In
a wood on Knock-cree mountain, Down (John White): Wade Rar.
Woods about Rosstrevor and wooded mountains about Knappen,
Antrim (John White): Cyb. North branch of Glenarve river about
five miles south-west of Cushendall, 1809: Templeton MS. Woods.
and thickets about Limavady, Derry, but not common in the county:
Moore MS. Very rare in the North-East and not seen recently :
Flor. N.-E.

4. P. pratensis Linn.— Smooth Meadow- Grass.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Pastures, banks, walls, &c.; common. 7. June-July.
Sea-level in Derry and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Derry (Cyb.);
to 2200 ft. in Tipperary, and to 3000 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

5. P. palustris Linn.—Warsh Meadow- Grass.

Districts —~ — — — Vo —~ — — ~~ ~ ~
Lat. 53° 40’. County of Meath only.

Lowland. River banks; very rare. 7. July.

V. On the reedy northern edge of the Boyne at Beaupare,
Meath: Praeger 2897. :
The first record for Ireland. The only previously known station

for this critical plant in the British Isles is the banks of the Tay

below Perth where it was found in 1889.

First found in Ireland by R. Ll. Praeger in 1896.
Poa. | GRAMINEZ. 425.

6. P. trivialis Linn.— Rough Meadow- Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XU
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Pastures, ditch-banks, waste places, &.; common. FV. June-
July.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1200 ft. in Dublin
(W. C.); to 1650 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

GLYCERIA R. Br.

1. G. fluitans R. Br.— Floating Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}2°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Ditches and pools; common. 7%. June-July.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Down
(S.§P.); to 1250 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.); to 2150 ft. in Wicklow
(ore.)

G. plicata Fries.

Districts I. II. II. — V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 513°-55°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, English-
British.

Lowland. Ditches and pools; common. 7. June-July.

I. Ditches near Waterville; by roadsides at Kilmorna
near Abbeyfeale, &c., Kerry; widely scattered through the
county; A. W.S.—II. Near Cork; Phslliys—III. Maryborough,
Queen’s Co.; and—V. Carbury and Leixlip, Co. Kildare; Old-
castle and Bective, Co. Meath; Soldier’s Point, Louth: Praeger
r897. Near Glasnevin and Dublin (More): Cyb.—VI. About
Castle Taylor, Galway: More 1855.—VII. Knock Drin, West-
meath: Linton 7896.—VIII. Inish Bofin, Galway: More 1876.—
IX. Near Hollymount, Mayo (Hore): Cyb. About Ben Bulben,
Sligo: B.g V. 2885.—X. Near Castle Hume, Lough Erne: Bar-
rington 1854. Near Omagh, Tyrone (Miss I. C. Knowles): Ir.
Nat. 1897. Lough Ramor, Cavan; and—XII. Ditch near For-
moyle, Derry: Praeger 1897.

Often confounded with the preceding species and no doubt
extends throughout Ireland.
426 GRAMINEA. _ Glyceria.

2, G. aquatica Smith—Reed Meadow- Grass.

G. spectabilis Mert. et Koch.
Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VIL — IX. — — XII.
Lat. 512°-542°. Centre and East, chiefly. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Sides of rivers, canals, and ditches ; locally abundant.
Fl, July-August.

J. In a stream running into the Lee, near Cork (J. Sullivan) :
Cyb.—still there, 1896; Phellips.—II. Clonea, near Dungarvan,
Waterford: Hart 1883 B.—III. In the Barrow below Carlow
(R. Clayton Browne): Rec. Add. By the Nore between Ballyneale
and New Ross: Hart 1885 8.—IV. Ballyconigar (Carroll): Cyd.
Near Morris Castle and Tinnyberna, east coast of Wexford: Hart
788ra. In Wexford, near Alderton; Killowen; and New Ross:
B.-H. & G. 2889. Ditches on the Murrough of Wicklow (Moore) :
Cyb.—V. Royal Canal near Dublin: Templeton MS. On the banks
of the Grand Canal (J. White): Cyd. Plentiful in the canals near
Dublin, extending to Kildare (Moore): Cyb. Along the Liffey
(J. White): Cyb. By the Liffey at Chapelizod (More): Cyb. Near
Ballitore (Carroll); and Straffan, Kildare (J. Douglas): Cyb.
Plentiful along the Barrow above Athy: Hart 1885. Plentiful
along the Boyne near Navan, 1897; &.W. S.—VI. By the Shannon
at Portumna, Co. Galway: WV. C. 1897.—VII. Ditches near
Belvedere Lake, Mullingar (Moore): Cyb. Canal at Mullingar:
Levinge 1894. Royal Canal at Lough Ree, and Shannon at Athlone,
the latter locality extending to—IX.: B. §V. 1887.— XII. By the
Quoile, between Downpatrick and the bridge (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

3. G. maritima Mert. & Koch—Sea Meadow- Grass.

Sclerochloa maritima Lindl.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Salt marshes and muddy seashores; frequent. 7. June-July.

4, G. distans Wahlenb.— Reflewed Meadow-Grass.

Sclerochloa distans Bab.
Districts I. — — IV. V. — — — — X. XI. XIL.
Lat. 52°-55}°. Coasts in the East and North, chiefly. Type,
English-British.
Salt marshes and waste ground near the sea; local. 7. June—July.
Glyceria. | GRAMINE A. 427

I. River side below Corki( Drummond); and near Douglas: Flor.
Cork. At Rochestown; 2. W.S.—IV. Near Alderton and Bally-
varna, Wexford: B.-H. & G. 7889. Marsh north of Wexford
harbour: Marshall 1896.—V. At Howth and North Wall, Dublin:
Wade Rar, Ringsend: Mack. Cat. In several stations along
Dublin Bay, 1880; at Baldoyle, 1883; More. Near Kingstown
(Moore): Cyb.—X. Shore near Narrow-water: Praeger 1893.—
XI. By the Foyle and Swilly; but very rare in Donegal; Hart.—
XII. Kinnegar and Victoria Park: Flor. Belf. Abundant about
Belfast. (Moore): Cyb. Portaferry: Flor. Ulst. Warrenpoint:
S.g P. 1892. Frequent in the North-East: Mor. N.-Z.

' Not yet found in the West of Ireland.

5. G. Borreri Bab.—Borrer’s Sea Meadow- Grass.

Selerochioa Borrert Bab.
Districts — — — IV. Ve. — — — — ~ — —
Lat. 5224°-583°. Wexford and Dublin only. Type, Germanic.

Salt marshes and waste ground near the sea; very rare.
Fi, June-August.

IV. Plentiful in a salt marsh near Wexford station, and in
marshes north of the Harbour: Marshall 1896.—V. Plentiful in
the North Lotts, near the mouth of the Liffey; at Sandymount and
along Dublin Bay (Moore): Cyd. Still in the North and South
Lotts, 1890; #.W.S. In the new Park, Blackrock, with G. dis-
tans; More.

Usually found growing in company with G. distans and G. mart-
tima.

FESTUCA Linn.

1. F. rigida Kunth—AHard Fescue.

Sclerochloa rigida Link—Poa rigida Linn.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.

Dry banks, rocks, walls, &c.; frequent but local. /?. June—
July. Calercole C.

XI. Rocks at Glen Columbkill (Admiral Jones): Cyb. In
Fanet and Rathmullan, but very rare in Donegal; Hart.—XII. By
the sea two miles north of St. John’s Point (Stewart); and near
‘Newcastle, Down (Corry): Flor. N.-E, Sea walls at Ardglass and
428 GRAMINEZ. [ Festuca.

Killough, Down; and Magheramorne, Antrim (Praeger): 8. & P.
1895.

Sea-level in Antrim and 8. Cork, to 800 ft. in Dublin (WY. C.) 5
but usually lowland.

Common in the South, in the East, and in the midlands; in-
frequent in the West; and rare in the extreme North.

2. F. rottbeellioides Kunth—Dwarf Sea Fescue.

Sclerochloa loliacea Woods—Catapodium loliaceum Link—Desma-
zeria loliacea Nym.— Triticum loliaceum Smith.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Zype, English.
Sandy and gravelly seashores, walls, &c.; rather frequent but.
local. £7. June—July.

3. F. uniglumis Soland.—Single-glumed Fescue.

Pulpia uniglumis Rchb.—V. membranacea Link.
Districts — — — IV. VV. —- — —- -—- —- — —
Lat. 523°-533°. East coast of Ireland. Type, English-Atlantic.

Sandy seashores; local and rare. 7. June.

IV. Sandhills south of Cahore Point; at Courtown; and at
Raven Point, Wexford: Hart r88ra. Sandhills from Courtown
to Arklow, and northwards to Rockfield, Wicklow (More): Ree.
Add.—vV. Portmarnock sands, 1824: Mack. Cat. Sandhills at
Portrane near Malahide, and on the south side of the Boyne near
Drogheda (Moore); Ireland’s Eye, opposite Howth (More): Cyb.
On Howth, 1891; Zevenge. Sandhills at Baltray, Louth: Praeger

1897.
4. | F. Myuros Linn.— Capon’s-tail Fescue.

Vulpia Myuros Gmel.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — — IX. — — —
Lat. 513°-533°. South and Middle of Ireland. Type, English.

Lowland. Walls and dry banks; not infrequent, but local.
Fi, June.

I. Walls at Dingle and Milltown, Kerry (More): Rec, Add.
Killarney; Tralee, &c.; widely distributed in Kerry: &.W.S.
z889. Near Skibbereen and Baltimore, Cork; and—II. Glanmire ;
Carrigtuohill, &c.; Phillips. Fermoy: Herb. Chandlee. Tipperary
and Fethard; &.W.S.—III. Ferrybank, Kilkenny: MW & S.
Festuca. | GRAMINEA. 429

1896.—IV. Enniscorthy, Wexford (J. Morrison); Arklow and
‘Wicklow (More): Rec. Add. Near Wexford and Gorey: Marshall
1898.—V. Bray; Golden Ball; and Donnybrook, Dublin; ore.
Walls at Lispopple, Co. Dublin, sparingly: WV. C. 7895. VI. Near
Ballyvaughan (Allin): Rec. Add. Glin, Co. Limerick; 2. W. S.—
IX. Banks of the Robe, a little below Hollymount, Mayo (dfore) :
Cyb.

Apparently little more than a casual in Districts V. and VI.;
but perhaps often confounded with the following species.

5. F. sciuroides Roth— Barren Fescue.

Vulpia sciuroides Gmel.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Dry banks, pastures, walls, &c.; frequent. £7. June. Calei-
Suge B.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 950 ft.in Dublin (W. C.).

6. F. ovina Linn.—Sheep’s Fescue.

Districts I. IJ. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VITT. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Dry pastures, heaths, seashores, &c.; common. /¥. June—July.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 2796 feet in Down
(Flor. Ulst.); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow (Hart); to 8414 ft. in Kerry
(More).
7. F. rubra Linn.— Creeping Fescue.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XT. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Dry banks, sandy shores, &c.; frequent. 7. June.

Sea-level in Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in ‘Down
(S. & P.).

Var, anunarta (Osbeck)—F. orarta (Dum.)—Frequent on sand-
hills.

8. F. sylvatica Vill.—Zeed Fescue.

Districts I. II. IIT. IV. — VI. VII. VIII. TX. 'X. XT. XII.
Lat. 52°-55°. Throughout Ireland, almost. . Type, Scottish.
Lowland. Rocky woods and glens; rare. FV. July.
I. Cromaglaun woods, near the lake at Killarney (Moore) :
Cyb.—still there in 1894; #.W.S. Rocky wood near Listowel,
430 GRAMINE. [ Festuca.

Kerry, 1890; 2. W. S.—II. Ina wood at Glanmire, Cork (2. W.S.):
Journ. of Bot. 2893, p. 56. Woods at Lismore Castle: Jr. Nat.
1894, p. 184. Near Morgan’s Glen, Waterford (Miss S. Grubb) :
Cyb.—III. Woods at Woodstock, Kilkenny: Mack. Rar, Cullen-
agh mountain, Queen’s Co.; Praeger.—IV. Wood at Newtown-
Barry, Wexford; and in the Dargle, Wicklow: Wade Rar.
Plentiful near the Waterfall, Co. Wicklow, where Mr. Templeton
and others observed it several years ago: Mack. Rar. Devil’s Glen
(Moore): Cyb.—VI. Dalystown, south-east Galway; Praeger.—
VII. Knock Ross, on Lough Derevaragh, Westmeath: Levinge
1894.—VIII. In Drumman wood, near Lough Cullin; and on the
shores of Lough Conn, Mayo (More): Cyb.—IX. Knocknarea,
Sligo; Praeger—X. Strabane Glen, Tyrone (Admiral Jones):
Cyb.—still plentiful there and at Omagh (Miss I. C. Knowles):
Ir. Nat. 1897. In Tanderagee lower demesne, Co. Armagh:
Praeger 1893.—XI. Glenalla wood, Rathmullan: Hart 7880.
Ned’s Point, Buncrana; and near Glenties: Hart r88rB. By the
Eske, above Donegal: Hart 1885 y—XII. Woods at Rosstrevor:
Wade Rar. Abundant by the Shimna and Spinkwee rivers in
Tollymore Park, Down: 8S. P. 7892. Colin Glen: Templeton
MS. Glendun and Glenarm, Antrim; and in Mount-sandy wood
by the Bann in Derry (Moore): Cyb. Ness Glen, near Cumber ; and
near Londonderry: Zempleton MS.

9. F. elatior Linn— Tall Fescue.

fF. pratensis Huds.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Lowland. Moist meadows, shady places, &c.; frequent. Fi.
June—July.

F, loliacea Huds.—P. elatior x Lolium perenne—IIl. By the
Barrow below Leighlin Bridge: Hart 1885.—VI. Near Clonbrock,
East Galway: Praeger 1896.—VII. Knock Ross, Westmeath:
Levinge 1894.—XII. At Oranmore, and by the Lagan canal
(Zempleton): Flor. N.-E.

10. F. arundinacea, Schreb.— Coarse Fesoue.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XL. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British.

Lowland. Damp pastures, river sides, and banks near the sea ;
not infrequent. 77. June-July. ,
Bromus. | GRAMINEA. 481

BROMUS Linn.

1. B. giganteus Linn.—7Zall Wood Brome- Grass.

Festuca gigantea Vill.

Districts I. II. IT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat, 514°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-English.
Lowland. Woods, thickets, and hedges; frequent. 27. July-—

August.

2. B. asper Murr.— Hairy Wood Brome- Grass.

B. ramosus Huds.
Districts I. If. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat, 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.
Woods, thickets, and hedges; frequent. #7. July.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 600 ft. in Dublin
(MY. ¢.); but usually lowland.

3. + B. erectus Huds.— Upright Brome- Grass.

Districts — — III. IV. VY. VI. VIL. — — — [XI] —
Lat. 58°-534°. Middle of Ireland. Type, Germanic-English.

Lowland. Dry pastures and banks; rare but locally abundant
and spreading in Ireland. Fv. June.

III. Railway banks near Portarlington; and—IV. Banks on
north side of Bray Head, Co. Wicklow (More): Rec. Add.—
V. Found under hedges near Finglass (Dr. Scott): Mack. Rar.
Santry wood’; between Coolock and Balgriffin, common (J. Under-
wood): Templeton MS. Along the Royal Canal and river Tolka,
Dublin (White): Cyb. By the Liffey above Leixlip; More. Fields
near Portmarnock (Moore): Cyb. Roadside banks at Auburn,
Malahide, &c.; Hart. Abundant along the railway from Raheny to
Balbriggan; 4. C. Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin; &. FW. S.—
VI. Abundant in Garryland wood near Gort, Galway: More 1855 &
Cyb. Abundant in old pastures at Glenforth, Ballyvaughan, Clare ;
P. B. O Kelly.—_VIMI. In meadows at Knock Drin, Mullingar:
Levinge 1894.—[{X1. Along the northern railway near Derry;
Hart.)

First found by Dr. Scott, at Finglas, before 1806.
432 GRAMINEA. [ Bromus.

4, }B. madritensis Linn.— Stiff Brome- Grass.

B. diandrus Curt.
Districts — I — — — ~ ~ —~ ~ ~ ~— —
Lat. 524°. Tipperary [and Waterford]. Zype, Atlantic.

Lowland. Dry banks, walls, and waste places; very rare.
Fi, Fune-July.

II. By the river at Carrick-on-Suir, Co. Tipperary (Liss S.
Grubb): Carroll 1854. Rather plentiful on the old castle at
Carrick-on-Suir, said to have been built in the 12th century; also
at the foot of several old walls adjacent, and on the bridge which
connects the counties of Tipperary and Waterford (Miss.S. Grubb):
Cyb. Waste ground at the Waterford-Tramore railway station,
introduced: B.-H. & G@. 1889.

As the plant is almost confined to walls and ruins in its chief
Irish station at Carrick, there is reason to suspect that it has been

introduced.
First found by Miss 8. Grubb about 1848.

5. B. sterilis Linn.— Barren Brome-Grass.

Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British-English.
Lowland. Dry banks, walls, roadsides, &c.; local and rather
rare. £7. June—July.
A widespread species, common near Cork, Dublin, and other
towns, but rare and obviously introduced in many parts of the
country.

6. *B. secalinus Linn.—Rye Brome-Grass.

Districts I. I. — — V. VILE — — — X. — XI.
Lat. 513°-543°. South and East, chiefly. ype, British-English.

Lowland. Corn-fields; rare and uncertain. FU. July-August.

I. Plentiful in a corn-field at Castlefreke, 1890: Phdllips
7895.—II. Fields near Fermoy: Drummond 18z8. Oat-field near
Ballyvolane Cross, plentiful (Carroll): Allin’s Cork. At Tivoli,
Cork; Phillips—V. Sandy meadows between Clontarf and Howth
(J. White): Mack. Cat. Corn-fields about Collon, Louth: Zr. Flor.
At Queensborough, Louth: Praeger 1897.—VI. Recorded for this
District in Ist Ed. Cyb., but no locality available—X. Hedges
near Strabane, Tyrone (Miss UM. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—
Bromus. | GRAMINE.ZA. 433

XI. Cranmore, 1796: Zempleton MS. Ballyronan and Lambeg :
Flor. Ulster, Casual at Hollywood, 1886 (Praeger); introduced
with seed: Flor. N.-E.

Fully established in District I.; perhaps little more than a
-easual elsewhere,

7. B. racemosus Linn.— Smooth Brome- Grass.

Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. — — XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. From South to North. Tyype, British.
Lowland. Moist meadows and pastures; frequent. FV. June.
Not always distinguished from B. mollis: though much rarer
than that species it will probably be found in every’ district.

B. commutatus Schrad.

Districts I. II. II. IV. — VI. VII. — IX. X. XL —
Lat. 513°-542°. From South to North. TZyype, British.

Lowland. Meadows, roadsides, and by rivers; rare. Fl.
June-July.

I. Plentiful in Ballyphehane bog and in a meadow at Balleagh
‘Castle, Carrigaline (Carroll): Cyb. & Allin’s Cork.—II. Ballyvo-
lane (J. Cook); and Youghal: Allin’s Cork. Near Fermoy
(TL. Chandlee): Carroll 1854. Meadows at Ballycotton and waste
ground at Donoughmore, Co. Cork, 1896; Philips. By the Suir
above Golden, Tipperary: Hart 1885 a.—III. By the Barrow near
Mountmellick: Hart 1885. Near Maryborough, Queen’s Co.:
Praeger 1897.—1V. Meadow about two miles south of Wexford :
Marshall 1898.—VI. In wooded and bushy places along the
Shannon, near Portumna (Moore): Oyb. At Castle Taylor,
Galway: More 1855. Near Clonbrock: Praeger 1896.—VII. By
the Barrow above Baylough bridge near Monasterevan: Hart 1885.
Meadows at Knock Drin, Mullingar: Levinge 7895.—IX. Near
Milltown, Co. Sligo: B.gV. 2885.—X. In fields of sown grass
in Loughgall, &c., Armagh: More 2860. Mullinure meadows,
Armagh (Rev. W. F. Johnston); shore of Lough Ramor, Cavan:
Praeger 1893 § 1897. Roadsides at Strabane, Tyrone (Miss UM.
Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—XI. Shore of Milford Lake and left
bank of the Finn ; very rare in Donegal; Hart.

There is reason to fear that this plant and the preceding have
not been sufficiently discriminated by observers.

2F
434 GRAMINEA. [ Bromus.

8. B. mollis Linn.—Soft Brome- Grass.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Meadows, banks, roadsides, &.; common. /7. June-July.
Sea-level in Donegal and in 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Dublin
(WV. C.).

BRACHYPODIUM Beauv.
1. B. sylvaticum Reem. & Schult.—False Brome- Grass.

B. gracile Beauv.
Districts I. IJ. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Woods, hedges, and rocky places; frequent. 7. July-August.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 700 ft. in Dublin
(WV. €.); to 960 ft. in Kerry (More).

LOLIUM Linn.

1. L. perenne Linn.— Rye- Grass.

Districts I, II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Meadows, waysides, and banks; common. 7. June—July.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1500 ft. in Dublin:
(XW. C.).

2, tL. temulentum Linn.—Darnel.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VWI. — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Type, British-
English,
Lowland. In cultivated fields; not infrequent. #7. June-
August.

AGROPYRON J. Gertn.
1. A. caninum Beauv.—TZufted Wheat-Grass.

Triticum caninum Huds.
Districts I. UW. ITI. IV, V, VI. VII. — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-55°, From South to North. Zype, British.

Lowland. Woods and banks: apparently rare. FV. July.
Agropyron. | GRAMINEZ. 435

I. Coolmore, near Cork; and—II. Blarney wood: Flor. Cork.
At Carrickabrick and other places near Fermoy (Z. Chandlee §
Carroll): Allin’s Cork.—TIII. Near Kilmacow, Kilkenny (7.
Chandlee): Cyb. Ballintemple below Tullow: Hart r88ra—
IV. Powerscourt woods, Wicklow (Moore): Cyb.—V. Plentiful at
Woodlands, Dublin: Mack. Cat. r825—still there, and at St.
Catherine’s, 1895; W.C. Knockmaroon and Leixlip: Jr. Flor.
Glendruid, Carrickmines; More.—VI. Garryland wood near Gort
(More): Cyb. Frequent on the shores of the Shannon estuary:
Stewart 1890. Near Black Fort, Aranmore: Wowers & Wells 1892.
—VII. Knock Ross, Westmeath ; rare: Levinge r894.—X. By Mul-
laghmore Lake, Armagh: Praeger 1893. Left bank of the Erne
below Belleek (More), this locality extending to—XI. At Cliff on
the Erne: Hart 1885 y. Woods at Buncrana, Donegal; Hart.—
XII. About the river at Montalto, Co. Down; in Grogan’s Glen
and in Glenarm deer park, Antrim: Templeton IS. Near New-
castle and Kilkeel, Down: S. & P. 2892. Sandy shore at Grooms-
port (Stewart): S. § P. 895. :

Often confounded with the following species and probably more
frequent in Ireland than would appear from the above records.

2. A. répens Beauv.— Couch- Grass.

Triticum repens Linn,
Districts I. IT. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Fields, banks, waste places, &c.; common. 1. July.
Sea-level in N. Antrim and §. Cork. To 800 ft. in Dublin
(MW. C.).

A. pungens Rem. & Schult.

Triticum pungens Pers.
Districts — II. — IV. Vw. — — — — ~—~ ~— —
Lat. 52°-533°. South and East coasts.

Seashores ; probably not infrequent. £7. July-August.

II. Little Island, Cork Harbour, 1891; Phillips. Waterford :
Babington in Herb.—IV. Sea wall north of Wexford Harbour :
Marshall 1896. Frequent on the Murrough of Wicklow: Ree.
Add.—vV. On the shore near Rush, a large form which has been
cultivated for many years in the Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, under
the name Triticum Moores: Rec. Add,

22
436 GRAMINEZ. [ Agropyron.

There are but few trustworthy records available for this critical
plant (4. pungens) which may be expected to occur all round the
Irish coasts.

A. acutum Room. & Schult.

Triticum acutum DC.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. — — — IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 523°-55°. From South to North.

Sandy seashores; frequent. 7. July-August.
_ A large and very glaucous form grows on the Murrough of
Wicklow and at the mouth of the Boyne, near Drogheda: Cyb.

3. A. junceum Beauv.—Sea Wheat-Grass.

Triticum junceum Linn.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British.

Sandy seashores; frequent and locally abundant. FV. July—
August.

LEPTURUS R. Br.

1. L. filiformis Trin.— Sea Hard- Grass.

Rotbellia filiformis Roth.
Districts I. II. — IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-554°. Coasts of all Ireland. ype, English.

Salt marshes and waste ground near the sea; not infrequent.
Fl, Suly-August.

NARDUS Linn.

1. N. stricta Linn.— Wat Grass.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.
Heaths, moors, and mountains; frequent. 7. June-July.
Caleifuge A.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and N. Kerry. To 2449 ft. in Down
(S. § P.); to 2680 ft. in Mayo (Hart); to 2650 ft. in Wicklow
(NW. C.); to 3200 ft. in Kerry (More),
Hordeum. | GRAMINE A. 487 -

HORDEUM Linn.

1. H. secalinum Schreb.— Meadow Barley.

AT, pratense Huds.
Districts I. Il. II. IV. V. VI. — — — X. — XIL.
Lat. 52°-543°, Chiefly in the South. Zype, English.

Wet meadows and banks, usually near the sea; rare and local.
FY. June-July.

I. Marshes below Douglas: Jor. Cork. Blackrock end of
Cork Park: Phillips 1895.—II. Roadside near Brickfields, Cork
(Drummond); and marsh next the Little Island bridge, Cork
(Mr. Alexander): Flor. Cork. Still in the latter station: Phillips
1895. Marsh under Blenheim Hill, Waterford; and—III. Ballin-
law Ferry, River Barrow: B.-H. & G. 2889. Embankment and
fields by the Nore between Woodstock and Ballyneale: Hart
1885 5.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Cyb. Frequent
about Kilmanock, &c., Wexford: B.-H. & G. 1859.—V. Meadows
about Dublin: Flor. Hib. By the canal towards Castlenock
(J. White): fields at Glasnevin and Portmarnock (Moore): Cyd.
Abundant at Broad Meadow, north of Swords, 1891; Barrington.
VI. Meadows near Limerick (Carroll): Rec. Add. Abundant in
a salt marsh at Ringmoylan, Co. Limerick: Stewart 1&90.—
X. Tartaraghan, Armagh (Rev. G. Robinson): Herb. Stewart.—
XII. Meadows near Connswater, Down; and roadside near White-
house, Antrim: Templeton MS. Ditch bank near Whitehouse,
1869 (J. MacMillan) ; by Springfield road near Forth River bridge,
1866-1886 (Stewart): Flor. N.-£.

2. +H. murinum Linn.— Wall Barley.

Districts 1. II. III. IV. V. VI. — — IX. — — [XII]
Lat. 512°-532°. South and East, chiefly. Type, English-British.

Lowland. Waste ground, waysides, walls, &c.; rare. £7,
June-August.

I. On a wall near Douglas bridge (D. Murray): Flor. Cork.—
II. At Haulbowline, Cork, on rocks, but very rare (J. Sullivan) :
Cyb. Abundant on rocks at Haulbowline, and plentiful at Fort
Carlisle, Cork Harbour: Phillips 1895. Near Clonmel, sparingly
(Moore): Cyb.—III. On the walls of the old church at Gowran,
Kilkenny, 1896; Rev. EB. Hewson—IV. Murrough of Wicklow
488 GRAMINEZ. [ Hordewn.

(Moore): Cyb. At Bray; More.—vV. Sides of the highway and
walls leading to Bagotrath: Zhrelkeld. Walls, paths, almost every-
where: Wade Dubl. Shore at Swords and Rush (Moore); Killiney
(More): Cyb. Lucan; Skerries; Balbriggan, &.; frequent in
the eastern parts of county Dublin; .C. Carlingford Castle
walls (Hyndman): Flor. Ulst.—V1. Under walls at Ballinasloe ;
and—IX. At Athlone (F. J. Foot): Cyb.—[XII. Garron Point,
Antrim, 1861 (Rev. H. W. Lett): 8. P. 1895. ]

Far more abundant in the county of Dublin than elsewhere in
Ireland.

ELYMUS Linn.

1. E. arenarius Linn.—Sea Lyme- Grass.

Districts — — — IV. V. — — — IX. — XL —
Lat. 523°-55}3°. South-East and North-West, chiefly. Type,
Scottish-British.

Sandy seashores; rare and local. #7. July.

IV. Curracloa, Wexford (Carroll): Cyb. Raven Point, Wex-
ford: Hart 188ra. Rosslare Point and Greenore Point, Wexford ;
not looking native: Hart 7883 8. Several places on north and
south sides of Wexford Harbour: Marshall 1896.—V. Skerries,
Co. Dublin (Hart): Journ. of Bot. 1883, p. 246.—IX. Mullagh-
more (Admiral Jones): Cyb. Coast between Ballyshannon and
Sligo; and—XI. On Aranmore Island, Donegal: Murphy 1r82g—
still there in 1879: Hart z88z. On the sea sands in many places
in Donegal (Admiral Jones): Cyd. Sand-hills at Horn Head and
north of Inishower Head: Mor. Uist. Inishowen Head; Rinn of
the Largy, and a little west of it near Killybegs: Hart 1883 §
1885 y-

Also recorded for Districts I. and IT. from the western extremity
of Bere (Mor, Hzb.) and Ballycotton (Flor. Cork), but probably in
error for Psamma arenarta.
Hy menophyllum. | FILICES. 439

ACOTYLEDONES or CRYPTOGAME.

ORDER LXXVIII.—FILICES.

HYMENOPHYLLUM Smith.
1. H. tunbrigense Smith—TZunbridge Filmy-Fern.

Districts I. I]. WI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-55°. Throughout Ireland. Type, Atlantic.

Damp rocks, tree trunks, &c.; local and rather rare. rt.
July—October.

I. Frequent and locally abundant in Kerry, as about Killarney ;
Sneem; Dereen, &.; R.W.S. At Ballinhassig, Cork (Drummond):
Flor. Cork, On Priest Leap Mountain (Carroll); near Ardgroom
(More); at Killinear, Bandon (2. L. Aliman): Allin’s Cork. Near
Ballydehob, 1897 ; Phallips——II. Glenbower, Cork, in great luxuri-
ance: Flor. Cork. Mountains near Millstreet: -Aldin’s Cork.
Glandine and Portlaw, and abundant in Curraghmore wood,
Waterford: Kinahan 1858. On Galtymore, Tipperary: Hart
z88z.—III. Rocks near Brandondale, Kilkenny; Miss #. .
Farmer.—IV. Near Belmont, Wexford; G. Barrett-Hamilton.
Taragh Hill near Courtown, Wexford (. G. Cuthbert): Ir. Nat.
r892.—V. Glen on Ferry Hill above Narrow-water: Praeger
1893.—VI. Near Ennis, Clare: Corry 1880. Glenstal, Limerick :
Hart 1881 y.—V11. On conglomerate rocks in the neighbourhood of
Longford: Foot. r865.—VIII. By a lake shore, west of Half-Way
House, Connemara: Graham r8go. Killaguile mountain, Galway ;
Miss M. F. Jackson.—1X. South side of Lough Gill, Sligo: Foot
1865.—X. Glen between Aughnacloy and Clogher, Tyrone (F.
Waller); mountains near Florence Court (Rev. S. A. Brenan):
Rec. Add.—XI1. By the lake in Glenveagh: Hart 1879.—
XII. Glendun, Antrim (Rev. 8. A. Brenan): Flor, N.-E.

Sea-level in 8. Kerry. To 1480 ft. in Mayo, and to 2500 ft. in
‘Tipperary (Hart).
440 FILICES. [ Hymenophyllum.

Chiefly southern and south-western in its Irish distribution,
becoming very rare towards the North and East. In the extreme
North the only stations known are those in Glenveagh and Glendun..

First recorded by Wade, from Killarney, in 1804.

2. H. unilaterale Bory— Wilson's Filmy-Forn.

H. Wilsoni Hook.
Districts I. Il. II. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably. Zype, Atlantic-
Highland.

Damp rocks and mossy trunks of trees; frequent. rt. July-
October. ¢

Descends to about 300 ft. in N. Antrim (Rev. C. F. @ Arey).
Ascends to 2200 ft. in Donegal, to 2700 ft. in Wicklow, and to-
3300 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

TRICHOMANES Linn.
1. T. radicans Swartz— Bristle Fern; Killarney Fern.

Districts I. II. — IV. — VI. VII. — — X. XI —
Lat. 514°-543°, From South to North. Zype, Atlantic.
Damp shady rocks and along mountain streams; very local and

now very rare. rt. August—October.
I. Near the waterfall between Mangerton and Turk mountains,

1804: Mack. Rar. Abundant on Turk mountain: Hinahan 1858.
By the lake at Waterville: Babington in Herd. Glouin [Glen]
Caragh (Mr. Andrews); Mount Eagle near Dingle (Ir. Moore);
Gortagaree between Killarney and Kenmare (Dr. Taylor): Newman
1844. Near Lough Brin and under Brandon Peak, 1885; Rev. C.
Ff. d’ Arcy. Seen on Ture as late as 1889, but seems to have been
nearly, if not quite, exterminated in the districts of Killarney and
the Reeks; &.W.S. On the Clashgariffe river, Cork: Drummond
1820. On the banks of several of the lakes near Bantry (Badington) ;
near Glandore (@. J. Allman): Flor. Cork. Near Bandon : Newman
784g. Caher mountain near Glengariff (F. J. Hanbury); in Keim-
an-High Pass, and near Gouganebarra (Mr. Barrett); Myros wood
(C. Donovan): <Allin’s Cork. Sparingly on two mountains near
Adrigole: Phillips z894.—II. Near the summit of Carrigeena,
Kildorrery, north of Cork: Carroll 1854. Glenbower, Killeagh
(J. A. Fisher): Newman 1844. Glendine wood, Waterford (Jf.
Trichomanes. | FILICES. 441

Ball): Newman 18go. Templemichael Glen (D. Murray): Flor.
Cork. In the valley of the Blackwater, Waterford: Kinahan
1858—now extinct in most of the above localities.—IV. Near the
Waterfall, Co. Wicklow (Dr. Stokes): Mack. Rar. Hermitage
Glen, Wicklow (John Nuttal): Mack. Cat.—now probably extinct
in Co. Wicklow.—VI. Glenstal, Barrington’s Bridge, near the
Keeper mountain, Limerick (@. A. Pollock): Phytol. 1852, p. 724.
On the banks of the Clare river, three miles south of Newport,
Tipperary (G@. H. Kinahan): Cyb. Sparingly near Ennis, Clare :
Corry 7880. Still near Glenstal in Co. Limerick; and—VII. Ex-
tending to two stations in Co. Tipperary (C. B. Barrington) :
Hart 1881 y.—X. Within five miles of Strabane, Tyrone, sparingly
(G. J. Delap): Journ. of Bot. 1892, p. r2z.—XI. In a valley in
north-west Donegal (Pierce Mahony): Journ. of Bot. 1884, p. 230.
Ardnamona, Lough Eske, Donegal; very rare: Hart 1885 y.

Sea-level in 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in N. Cork (Carroll); to
800 ft. on Brandon (WV. C.).

First found by Dr. Stokes, at Powerscourt Waterfall, before 1804.

Formerly abundant in parts of Kerry, but now become very
rare there, and is most probably exterminated in many of the
localities given above.

Var, Anprewsit Newm.—I. Glouin [Glen] Caragh, Kerry (If.
Andrews): Newman 1844. Near Killarney (Carroll): Cyb.—now
extinct in both of these stations.

ADIANTUM Linn.
1. A. Capillus-Veneris Linn.—Watden-hair.

Hibernicé Ou’ copaé (Dhoo-hoosuck), Black-foot.
Districts — — — — — VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. —
Lat. 538°-543°. West Ireland. Type, Atlantic.

Moist rocks, chiefly near the coast; very rare. rt. July—
October. Caleicole B.

VI. ‘In the Isle of Aran near Galloway we found a great
plenty of the Adiantum verum” (Lhwyd): Phil. Trans. vol. 27,
p. 524. Now become rare in Aranmore Island, but frequent in
Inishmaan and Inisheer in 1892; WV. C. South of Black Head; at
Ballyalaban; at Muckinish; at Pouldoody Creek; near Finnavara,
and other stations in Burren, Clare: Foot 7864. Near Lisdoon-
varna (Rev. ZT. Warren): Cyb. Appears to be now rather rare
round Ballyvaughan, but occurs in some quantity at Black Head
442 FILICES. [ Adiantum.

and at Muckinish Lake, 1895; WV. C—VIII. At Lough Bulard
near Urrisbeg, Connemara: Babington 1836—still there in 1893
(Prof. T. Johnson): Ir, Nat. 1893. Hill near Sheffey, five miles
from Killary Harbour (@. Hl. Kinahan): Ree. Add. Cliff on north-
west side of Achill Island, Mayo (Mrs. Boycott): More 1873 &
Hart 1883.—1X. At Glencar, Leitrim, and within four miles of
the town of Sligo (J. Wynne): Cyb. Sparingly at Glencar in
1884: B.&V. 2885. Banks of a river near Dromore West, Sligo,
1891; R. Warren. Back Rosses and coast near Grange, Sligo;
Mrs. Yeates. Shore at Drumcliff, Sligo; Miss M‘Munn.—XI. In
one place on the cliffs of Slieve League (Z. O’Brien): Rec. Add.
Slieve League, and several places to the south of it: Hart 7885 y.

Also recorded for District I—‘‘On the Cahirconree range
between Tralee and Dingle, Kerry” (W. Andrews): Cyb. The
plant has not since been observed there, though repeatedly sought
for, and it is to be feared that the record is erroneous.

From sea-level to 800 ft. in Clare (foot). To 700 ft. on Ben
Bulben (B. § V.).

First found by Lhwyd, in the Aran Islands, not later than 1699.

PTERIS Linn.

1. P. aquilina Linn.— Common Brake; Bracken.

Mibernicé Raitneat (Rahen-yack).
Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Heaths, woods, sandy sea-shores, &c.; very common. rt. July—
October. Calerfuge B.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 800 ft. in Donegal

(Hart); to 1400 ft. in Down (8. § P.); to 1750 ft. in Dublin and
Wicklow (4. C.); to 1700 ft. in Kerry (Hart). ,

CRYPTOGRAMME R. Br.

1, C. crispa R. Br.—Parsley Fern.

Allosorus crispus Bernh.
Districts — — — — V. — —~ — — X. XI. XIL
Lat. 54°-553°. North Ireland, chiefly. Type, Highland.
Stony places on mountains; very rare. rt. July-September.
V. On Carlingford mountain, Louth, 1886: Newman z&44 &
Cryptogramme. | FILICES. 443

B.N. F.C. Proc. 1878. — X. On the east side of Caulteach [Cuilcagh ]
mountain near Florencecourt, sparingly (J. MeDonald): Cyb.—
XI. Mountain near Ardara, very sparingly: Hart 1886.—
XII. Slieve Bingian, Kilkeel, 1808 (Zempleton, Stokes & Mackay) :
Herb, Belf. Mus. Re-found recently on Sheve Bingian (Rev. H.
W. Lett & Praeger): Flor. N.-E. Plentiful on the Mourne moun-
tains: Mack. Cat. 1825. Cliffs between Cove and Commedagh
mountains, and south-east of Blue Lough, Down (Praeger): Flor.
NV.-#. Shanlieve ; Slievenabrock ; and north side of Donard, Down
(Rev. H.W. Lett): B.N. F.C. Proc. 1885-86. Now become very
rare in the Mourne mountains and found on granite only: S. § P.
r892 and 7895. On Slievenanee, Antrim: Flor. Uist. r864—still
there in 1884 (Rev. 8. A. Brenan): Flor. N.-E. On Clontygeragh
mountain, Derry: Moore MS. In the liberties of Carrickfergus
(Moore): Newman z8go. On the north side of Knocklayd near
Ballycastle, Antrim (Moore): Cyd. Among fallen rocks below
Fair Head, Antrim, 1897; Rev. C. F. d’ Arcy.

From about 300 ft. in Antrim (Rev. C. F. d Arcy) to 750 ft. in
Donegal (Hart); to 1700 ft. in Down (8S. & P.).

First found by Templeton, Stokes, and Mackay, on Slieve
Bingian, in 1808.

BLECHNUM Linn.
1. B. Spicant Roth—Hard Fern.

B. boreale Swartz—Lomaria Spicant Desv.
Districts I. II. If]. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.

Woods, banks, heaths, &c.; common. yt. July—October.
Calerfuge A.

To sea-level in Derry and in 8. Cork. To 2150 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2400 ft. in Down (S.&P.); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow
(NW. C.); to 2550 ft. in Tipperary, and to 3150 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

ASPLENIUM Linn.

1. A. lanceolatum Huds.—Hudson’s Spleenwort.
Districts I. I -—- — — — ~—~ — — — — —
Lat. 514°-522°. Cork and Kerry only. Zype, Atlantic.
Lowland. Banks and walls, usually near the sea; very local and
rare. rt. July—October.
444 FILICES. [ Asplenium.

I. Near the village of Camp, Tralee Bay, Kerry (2.W.S.) :
Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 20. Near Kinsale, Cork (J. Woods):
Phytol. 2855, p. 122. On both sides of the town of Kinsale
(Carroll): Cyd. Still plentiful at Kinsale in 1893; on banks and
walls near Adrigole, 1894; near South Harbour, Cape Clear Island,
1896; near Ballingeary, 1897; Phillips. In small quantity west
of Bandon, 1880 (C. Longfield): Allin’s Cork & Herb. T.C.D.—
Il. Near Coachford, Macroom, 1878 (Rev. 7. H. Jellett): Herb.
T.C.D.—and in 1897; Phillips.

First found in Ireland, at Kinsale, by J. Woods in 1855.

2. A. Adiantum-nigrum Linn.— Black Spleenwort.

Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.

Rocks, walls, and banks; frequent. rt. July—October.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Derry
(Moore U8.) and in Down (S. & P.); to 1500 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Var. acurum (Bory)—I. On limestone rocks at Muckross, 1805:
(Mackay) ; Cahirconree mountain (W. Andrews): Flor. Hib.
Ture mountain and Purple mountain (J. &. & G. H. Kinahan):
Oyb. Caragh Lake, Kerry; Miss Battersby. Union Hall; Lough
Hyne: Allin’s Cork. Three miles from Cork on the Kinsale road ;
Phillips. Inishannon (7. Chandiee); and—II. Aghada, Cork
(Carroll): Cyb. Garrycloyne (F. Townsend): Allin’s Cork.—
IV. Dunran wood near Newtownmountkennedy, Wicklow (D. Orr):
Cyb.—still there, but almost exterminated in 1886; R. P. Vowell.—
VI. By the Shannon near Foynes (Miss G. C. O’Brien): Ree.
Add. — VIII. Frequent in Connemara and south-west Mayo
(G. H. Kinahan): Ree. Add—tlX. Between Cross and Kilmain,
and near the Rectory, Cong, Co. Mayo; Miss M. F. Jackson.—
XII. Sparingly on a hedge bank near Newtownards, Down
(Praeger): Flor. N.-E.

First noticed as a variety by Mackay in 1805.

3. A. marinum Linn.—Sea Spleenwort.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. — XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Coasts of all Ireland. Type, British-Atlantic.
Sea cliffs; frequent. Frt. July—October. ;
Ascends to 500 ft. on sea cliffs in Kerry (Kinahan).
Occurs very rarely at some distance inland, as—I. Under Turk
Asplenium. | FILICES. 445

mountain on the way from Killarney towards Kenmare: Newman
zégo—still in this locality, which is beside the Upper Lake, in
1894; &.W.8.—III. On the estuary of the River Suir near Snow
Hill, Kilkenny ; Barrett-Hamilton.

4. A. viride Huds.—Green-stalked Spleenwort.

Districts I. II. — — — — — VIII. IX. X. XL. —
Lat. 513°-55°. West of Ireland. Type, Highland.

Mountain cliffs; local. rt. July—October.

I. About Killarney; Dunkerron, &.: Smith’s Kerry. Ture
mountain, Killarney; and on M‘Gillicuddy’s Reeks, 1805: Mack
far. Common on the higher parts of the Reeks: Hart 7882. On
Mangerton and on Brandon mountain (Carroll): Cyb. On the
Iveragh mountains, Kerry (Moore): Cyb.—and in 1892; N.C. &
Rk.W.S. On Hungry Hill, Cork, sparingly (Drummond): Flor.
Cork.—II. Rocks above Gurthaveha Lake, Millstreet (More): Ree.
Add. On an old bridge on the Co. Waterford side of the Knock-
mealedown mountains, 1894; Miss UM. Chearnley. Abundant on
Galtymore, Tipperary (Jfoore): Cyb.—and in 1880: Hart 788r.—
VIII. On Ben Lettery, Connemara (Carroll): Cyb.—still there in
1882, also on Muckanaght, Galway, and on Croagh Patrick, Mayo:
Hart 1883. Lissoughter; Glenlosh; and Bengower, Galway ;
and south-west of Dromin Chapel, Mayo (G@. H. Kinahan): Ree.
Add.—IX. On Ben Bulben, Sligo: Mack. Rar. Glenade, Leitrim
(Admiral Jones): Cyb. Abundant on many of the cliffs in Ben
Bulben district: B.&V. 2885. On Kesh Corran, Sligo (oot):
Cyb.—X. Mountain near Florence court (Z. Plunkett): Phillips &
Praeger 1887.—X1. On the Donegal mountains near Lough Eske
(4. Murphy): Flor. Hib. & Cyb. On the north side of Slieve
League (H.W. D. Dunlop): Ree. Add. On Muckish, and on Lough
Salt mountain, Donegal: Hart 7879.

From 700 to 1600 ft. in Donegal (Hart) and in Sligo (B.&V.);
1470-1900 ft. in Galway, and 1850-8150 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

5. A. Trichomanes Linn.— Black Maiden-hair.
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553° Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Rocks, walls, and banks; frequent. rt. July-October.
Sea-level in N. Derry and S. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Donegal,
and to 2850 ft. in Kerry ( Har‘).
446 FILICES. [ Asplenium..

6. A. Ruta-muraria Linn.— Wall Rue.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.
Old walls and on rocks; common. rt. July—October.
Sea-levelin Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1150 ft. in Derry (Hart);
to 1450 ft. on Ben Bulben (B. § V.).

ATHYRIUM Roth.
1. A. Filix-foemina Roth—Lady Fern.

Asplenium Filix-femina Bernh.
Districts I. II. IIT. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XIT.
Lat. 513°-553° Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

On moors, by streams, in wet places, &c.; common. rt. July—
September. Calezfuge A.

Sea-level in Derry and Cork. To 1600 ft. in Donegal (Hart);,
to 2449 ft. in Down (S. & P.); and to 2650 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

CETERACH Willd.
1. ©. officinarum Willd.—Scaly Fern.
Asplenium Ceterach Linn.

Districts I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL VII. IX. X. XL XI.

Lat. 514°-55°. Throughout Ireland. Type, English.

On rocks and old walls; frequent and locally abundant. Frt.
July—October. Calevcole B.

Sea-level to 600 ft. in Dublin, and sea-level to 1000 ft. in Clare
(mW. C.).

Far more abundant on limestone in the West than elsewhere;
quite rare in the extreme North. The Var. crenarum Milde
appears to be the prevailing form in the Midlands and in the West.
and North.

SCOLOPENDRIUM Smith.

1. §. vulgare Smith—Har‘?’ s-tongue.
Hibernicé Cpeath muice pias (Cray mické feed), Wild Pig’s Garlic.
Districts I. Il, III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. ype, British-English.
Banks, rocks, and damp shady places; common. rt. J uly-Oct..
Scolopendrium. | FILICES. 447

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1200 ft. in Derry (Mor.
NV.-£.); to 1400 ft. in Tipperary (Hart).

This species is especially abundant on the limestone of the
Burren district where many of the more striking varieties occur.

CYSTOPTERIS Bernh.

1. C. fragilis Bernh.— Brittle Fern.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British-Highland.

Damp rocks, and on walls; local. Ft. July—October.

I. Common on the Kerry mountains; &.W.S. At Glengariff
(Miss A. Taylor): Allin’s Cork.—II. Near Millstreet, Cork (Hore) ;
Dunmore East, Waterford (4. Fitzsimons): Ree. Add. Cliffs
above Coumshingan Lake in the Commeraghs: Hart 188%. On
Galtymore, Tipperary: Hart 288r.—III. By the Barrow on the
flanks of the Slieve Bloom mountains: Hart 1885.—IV. Near
Maulin mountain, Wicklow (W. Archer): Cyb—V. Abundant on
the Barrow bridge at Monasterevan (drs. Cooke Trench): Ree.
Add. & Hart 1885.— VI. Abundant on the limestone in Burren and
in part of Galway (More): Cyb.—VII. Near Ballymore, Westmeath
(Foot): Cyb. Sparingly on Keeper mountain: Hart 1881 y.—
VIII. Connemara: Newman 18g0. Twelve Bens and Maam Turk,
Galway: Hart 18830. Near Cong, both in Galway, and—IX. In
Mayo: M.§ 8. 7896. Common all over the mountains in Ben
Bulben district: B. & V. 1885. Abundant in several parts of
Roscommon: Foot 1865.—X. Dart mountain, Tyrone (Admiral
Jones): Cyb. Common in the mountainous part of Cavan and
Fermanagh : Stewart r882.— XI. Very local in Donegal, but occurs
near Lough Belshade; at Moynalt; near Ardara, &.: Hart
1881 B & 1886.—XII. Locally abundant, occurring in Down,
Antrim, and Derry: Flor. N.-E. §& 8. & P. 1895.

To 1800 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 800-2000 ft. in Down (S. & P.);
1100-2400 ft. in Mayo (Hart); sea-level (2. W. 8.) to 3150 ft. in
Kerry (Hart).

Abundant on limestone in many parts of the West, local in the
East and South, and very rare in Cork.

Var. pentata Hook.—I. Brandon mountain, Kerry (Rev. W. I.
Hind): Cyb. § Linton 1886.—X. Frequent, with the type, in Cavan
and Fermanagh, west of Lough Erne: Stewart 1852.,—XII. Head
of Glenariff, Antrim; Moore.
448 FILICES. [Aspedium.

ASPIDIUM Swartz.

1. A. Lonchitis Swartz—Holly Fern.

Polystichum Lonchitis Roth.
Districts I. — — — — — — VIII. IX. — XI. —
Lat. 52°-543°. West and North-West. Zype, Highland.

On mountain cliffs; very rare and local. rt. August-
October.

I. Moist rocks in “ Horse’s Glen,” Mangerton: Carroll 1857—
still there sparingly in 1888: R.W.S8. 2889. On Brandon Hill
(S. P. Woodward): Newman 184g—and in 1883: Hart 1884.
Cliffs above Lough Goagh, Macgillicuddy’s Reeks: Hart 1882.
Mullaghanattin mountain, Glencar, Kerry, 1885; Rev. W. Colgan.—
VIII. Muckanaght, Twelve Bens, Galway : Hart 1883 0.—IX. On
Ben Bulben and other mountains in Sligo; on Glenade mountain,
Leitrim: Murphy 1829. Rare on Ben Bulben, but common on
parts of Glenade, &c.: B.§V. 1885.,—XI. On Slieve League,
Donegal: Hart 1885 y.

From 1470 to 1850 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 1150-1600 ft. on
Ben Bulben (B.§V.); at 1200 ft. in Galway, and 2000-2800 ft.
in Kerry (Hart).

First found by Edmund Murphy, on Ben Bulben, in 1826.

2. A. aculeatum Swartz—Stiff Prickly Fern.

Polystichum aculeatum Roth.
Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-553°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.

Banks, rocks, and stony places; not infrequent, but local.
Frt. Suly-October.

Sea-level in Antrim and 8. Cork. To 950 ft. in Donegal,
1500 ft. in Galway, and 2470 ft. in Kerry (Hart).

Var, wopatum (Swarts)—Polystichum lobatum Presl—I. and II.
Stated by Carroll to be the usual form in Cork: Allin’s Cork.—
VI. Abundant in Burren: Foot 1864.— VIII. Muckanaght and
Maumeen, Galway: Hart 1883a.— XI. Blue Stack mountains,
Donegal (Hart): Journ. of Bot. 882.—XI1I. Occurs in the North-
East (Flor. V.-£.), but no localities given.

Not often separated from 4. aculeatum, and probably not infre-
quent in Ireland.
_ Aspidium.] FILICES. 449

8. A. angulare Kit.—Soft Prickly Fern.

Polystichum angulare Presi.
_ Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. ype, English.
Woods, shady banks, &c.; frequent. Jt. July—October.
To 800 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.); but usually lowland.

LASTRAA Presl.

1. L. Thelypteris Pres—Uarsh Fern.

Polystichum Thelypteris Roth.
Districts I. — — IV. V. VI. VII. VIUI. IX. X. XI. XIL
Lat. 52°-543°. West and North, chiefly. Type, English.
Lowland. Wet places; rare and local. Frt. July-September.
I. Between Muckross House and.the Mines: Mack. Rar. Ross
Island, Killarney (Moore): Cyb. Near the Upper Lake, Killarney ;
and still abundant in Mackay’s and Moore’s statious: R. W.S. 1889.—
IV. Marshes in Glencree, Wicklow: Mack. Cat.—V. At Lullybeg,
‘Co. Kildare (Irs. Cooke Trench); at Drumconrath, Meath (Rev. S.
A. Brenan): Ree. Add.—VI. By the river Fergus near Ennis,
Clare: Mack. Rar. On the “Hunting Course’”’ field at Castle
Taylor, Galway: More 1885 & Cyb.—-still there, 1896; Miss If.
F. Jackson. In the demesne at Portumna, and by Lough Derg,
further south (Moore): Phytol. 1845, p. 130.—VII. Lisclogher
bog, Westmeath (Miss #. Reynell): Cyb.—still there, and in
* Quarry bog near Lough Drin: Levinge 2894. Rockingham, Ros-
common (Moore): Rec. Add.—VIII. Near Moore Hall, Lough
Carra, Mayo (J. Ball): Cyb.—IX. Lake View (Cloonee), Lough
Carra, Mayo, 1896; Miss MU. F. Jackson—X. Near Belturbet,
Cavan (Moore): Cyb. Near Caledon, Tyrone (£. Wallis): Ree.
Add. At Omagh and Gorteen Gap, Tyrone (G. H. Kinahan):
Phillips & Praeger 1887.—XI. By the Erne a little way above
Ballyshannon (More): Cyb. Right bank of the Erne immediately
below Belleek: Hart 7886,—XII. Plentiful about Portmore Park
and wood, 1794 (Zempleton): Whitla US. & (Moore): Cyb. Banks
of the Sixmilewater near Ballyclare, Antrim: (lor. Ulst. Now
destroyed by drainage operations in this district: S.§ P. 7895.
First found in Ireland by John Templeton in 1794.
26
450 FILICES. [Lastraa.

2. L. Oreopteris Presl— Sweet Mountain Fern.

Aspidium Oreopteris Swartz—Nephrodium Oreopteris Desv.
Districts I. If. II. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Mountains and moors; not infrequent, but local. Frt. July—
September.’ Calcifuge B.

From 20 ft. to 2000 ft. in Down (S. & P.); from 50 ft. (2. W. 8.)
to 1600 ft. in Kerry (Druce 2892).

A very unequally distributed species, rare or absent over wide
areas and chiefly confined to mountain districts.

3. L. Filix-mas Presl—WMale Fern.

Polystichum Filiz-mas Roth — Aspidium Filix-mas Swartz —
Nephrodium Filix-mas Rich.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-5652°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
. Woods, banks, &.; common. rt. July-September.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1800 ft. in Donegal, to
2380 ft. in Mayo, to 2850 ft. in Tipperary, and to 3150 ft. in
Kerry (Hart).

4, L. spinulosa Presl—Lesser Broad Fern,

Polystichum spinulosum DC. — Aspidium spinulosum Swartz —
Nephrodium spinulosum Desv.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, English-British.
Lowland. Woods and damp places; rare. Fit. July-September.
I. Killarney: Z. Moore 1855. Muckross, 1894; #.W.S. Near
Cahirciveen, Co. of Kerry, 1856; and—II. Curraghmore, Portlaw,
Co. Waterford: Kinahan 1858.—III. Woods south of Maryborough :
Praeger 1897.—\V. Shillelagh, Co. Wicklow; 4. Ellison.—
V. South of Thomastown, Kildare; bog between Athboy and
Navan, &c., Meath; and—VI. Abundant near Clonbrock, Galway :
Praeger 1896 & -97. Bog drains, Annagh Inch, near Birr, Co.
Tipperary: inahan 1858.—VII, Ladiston, Mullingar (Moore):
Cyb. Quarry and Lisclogher bogs, Westmeath: Levinge 2894.—
VIII. Connemara: Z. Moore 1855. Drumman wood near Lough
Cullen; and—IX. Holymount, Mayo (More); Hazelwood, Sligo, rare
Lastrea. | FILICES. 451

(J. Wynne): Cyb. Lough Arrow, Sligo; Praeger—X. Near
Verner’s bridge, Tyrone; Mrs. Leebody. Dartry, Monaghan
(Newman): Cyb.—XI. Woods at Lough Eske, Donegal: Hart
1885 y.—XII. Frequent by the Roe near Dungiven, Derry:
Moore US. Bogs south of Kilrea, Derry (Praeger): S.& P. 7895.

5. L. dilatata PresL— Broad Fern.

Aspidium dilatatum Swartz—Nephrodium dilatatum Desv.
Districts I. II. ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°, Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

Woods, heaths, mountains, &c.; common. Frt. July-September.
Caleifuge A.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 2150 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2449 ft. in Down (S8.& P.); to 2700 ft. in Wicklow
(N.C.); to 2640 ft. in Mayo, and to 3000 ft. in Kerry (Har¢).

6. L. emula Brackn.—Bree’s Broad Fern.

L. recurva Newm. — L. fenisecti Lowe — Nephrodium emulum
Baker—Aspidium emulum Swartz.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VITI. IX. X. XI. XID

Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, Atlantic-British.

Woods and banks; frequent and locally abundant. rt. July-
September.

From 100 ft. to 1430 ft. in Down (S.¢P.); to 2100 ft. in
Kerry (Hart).

This is one of the plants most characteristic of the west of
Ireland. In some of the shady thickets around Lough Corrib and
about Killarney it may be seen to perfection attaining the height of
nearly three feet (Cyb.). Much rarer on the east side of Ireland
than on the west.

POLYPODIUM Linn.

1. P. vulgare Linn.—Polypody.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Banks, walls, trunks of trees, &c.; common. rt. July-
‘September.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Donegal
262
452 FILICES. [ Polypodium.

(Hart) ; to 2449 ft. in Down (S. § P.); to 2600 ft. in Wicklow,
and to 2800 ft. in Kerry (W.C.).

The variety serratum Welld. and other allied forms have been
gathered in many localities in Cork, Kerry, Clare, Galway, Donegal,
Wexford, Wicklow, Westmeath, and Antrim.

2. P. Dryopteris Linn.— Oak Fern.

Phegopteris Dryopteris Fée.
Districts — — — IV. — VI. — — IX. — — [XII]
Lat, 53°-553°. Wicklow, Clare, Sligo, Leitrim [and Antrim].
Type, Scottish.

Rocky places on mountains; very rare. rt. July-September.

IV. At Sheenabeg near Aughrim, Wicklow, very sparingly,
1879; G. H. Kinahan.—VI. Roadside between Broadford village
and the cliffs of Moher, Clare; 7. H. Wright.—IX. On Benbo
mountain, near Manor Hamilton in Leitrim (J. Wynne): Cyd. Near
Lough Talt on the Ox mountains, Sligo (2. Warren): Rec. Add.—
[XII. A single plant on the north side of Knocklayd mountain,
Antrim (Moore): Newman 1840 § Cyb. Probably extinct in this
station: 8. & P. 1895.].
» ' At 800 ft. in Leitrim (Wynne); and about 1800 ft. in Antrim
(oore).

First found in Ireland by David Moore, on Knocklayd, about
1840.

3. P. Phegopteris Linn.— Beech Fern.

Phegopteris polypodiotdes Fée.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

Lat. 513°-552°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Zype, Scottish-
British.

Wet rocks; not infrequent, but local. rt. July-September.

I. Between Killarney and Kenmare, &c. (Mr. Moore): Newman
1844. Near Glencar and in Glanbehy; Rev. C. F. d’Arcy.
Mountains north of Sneem, &c., Kerry; 2. W. 8S. On Hungry
Hill and in the Pass of Keim-an-Eigh (Z. Wright): Cyb. Near
Glengariff: Allin’s Cork.—II. Rocks above Gurthaveha Lake, near
Mill-street, Cork (Moore): Ree. Add.—III. Glendine Gap, Slieve
Bloom, Queen’s Co.; Praeger —1V. Powerscourt Waterfall, right-
hand side (If. J. O’ Kelly): Ir. Flor. Near Maulin mountain (W.
Archer): Cyb. Near Lough Dan; on Lugnaquilla; and at Lugduff
Prisons, Wicklow; Rev. C. F. d@ Arcy.—V. Seecawn mountain,
Polypodium. ] FILICES. 453.

Glenasmole, Co. Dublin, 1883 (Rev. C.F. @ Arey): N.C. 1893. On
Carlingford mountain, Louth: Wade Rar.—and in 1893: Ir. Nat.
1893, p. 227.—VI. Slieve Callan, Clare (Foot); and in Glendree,
south-west of Slieve Aughtra (@. H. Kinahan): Cyb—IX. On
Glenade, Leitrim, very rare (J. Wynne): Cyb.—X. Deer Park,
Brookboro, Fermanagh (Rev. 8S. A. Brenan): Rec. Add. Woods
near Killeavy Church, Armagh (Rev. H. W. Lett): Praeger 1893.—
VIII. XI. and XII. Not infrequent, occurring in sevaral stations
in Galway, Mayo, Donegal, Down, Antrim, and Derry.

To 2100 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 800-2000 ft. in Down (8. § P.);
to 1700 ft. in Wicklow (V.C.); from 500 ft. (V.C.) to 1500 ft. in
Kerry (&. W. 8.).

OSMUNDA Linn.

1. 0. regalis Linn.— Royal Fern.

Districts I. IT. WI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. TZype, British.

Boggy places and by streams ; frequent and locally abundant in
the West, rare in the East. rt. July-September. Caleifuge A.

IV. In the Devil’s Glen, and at the Rock of Arklow (Dr. Stokes) :
Mack. Rar. Arklow Head, and near Scarawalsh Bridge, Wexford :
Hart 788za. Plentiful by the lake at the Seven Churches : Mack.
Cat. Above the Upper Lake, Glendalough, sparingly, 1888; V.C.
Between Rathdrum and Laragh; and Annamoe river, 1884; Hart.
On Lough Dan, Co. Wicklow: Newman 2&g0. Maulin mountain,
Glencree; 2. P. Vowell.—V. Kelly’s Glen, Co. Dublin: Mack. Cat.
Howth Head, very sparingly: (lor. Howth. Very sparingly south
of Thomastown, Kildare: Praeger 1897. Abundant in a bog near
Castlebellingham, Louth, 1895; W.C. ;
_ Sea-level in Antrim and in 8. Cork. To 700 ft. in Donegal,
900 ft. in Mayo, and 1000 ft. in Waterford (Hart); to 920 ft. in
Kerry (2&.W. S8.).

OPHIOGLOSSUM Linn.
1. 0. vulgatum Linn.— Adder’ s-tongue.

Districts I. II, ITI. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.
Damp meadows and pastures; frequent. rt. June-July.
Sea-level in N. Derry and in 8. Kerry. To 700 ft. in Donegal
(Hart) ; to 1000 ft. in Dublin (W.C.).
454 FILICES. [ Ophioglossum.

A peculiar dwarf form, for which the name Hartit has been pro-
posed by the late A. G. More, has been found by Mr. H. C. Hart
at—I. Deelick Point, Brandon Head; and on the Three Sisters
Head, Dingle promontory, Kerry: Hart 2884; and—XI. On Car-
rigan Head, Slieve League; and on Horn Head, Donegal: Hart
1879 §-85y. This plant, which at first was taken to be var. PoLy-
PHYLLUM, flowers about the same time as the type, and may prove
to be merely a form dwarfed by growth in exposed situation.

BOTRYCHIUM Swartz.
1. B. Lunaria Swartz—Moon-wort.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Tyye, British-Scottish.
Grassy places; not infrequent. #7rt. May-July.
Sea-level in Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1750 ft. in Derry (Hart) ;
1479 ft. in Dublin (IW. C.); to 1500 ft. in Sligo (2. W. 8.).
Widespread in Ireland, but much less abundant than the
preceding species.

ORDER LXXIX.—EQUISETACEZ.
EQUISETUM Linn.

1, E. maximum Lamk.— Great Horse-tail.

E, Telmateia Evh,
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}°, Throughout Ireland. Type, English—British.
Wet banks, &c.; locally abundant. Frt. April.
Sea-level in Donegal and Kerry. To 850 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).

2. E. arvense Linn.— Field Horse-tail.

Districts I. II. II. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XI.
Lat. 514°-55}°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Way sides, ditches, waste ground, &.; common. Frt. April.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft, in Derry
(Hart); to 1100 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.).
Equisetum.] EQUISETACEA, 455

3. E. pratense Ehrh.—Blunt-topped Horse-tail.

E. umbrosum Willd.— 2. Drummondii Hook.
Districts — — — — — — — — — — XI. XI.
Lat. 543°-552°. Donegal and Antrim only. Type, Scottish.

Mountain glens and damp heaths; very rare and local. rt.
April-May. :

XI. At Culdaff; near an old mine between Dunfanaghy and
Gweedore; at Mount Charles, and also near the town of Donegal:
Flor, Ulst.— XII. At Wolf-hill near Belfast (7. Drummond): Flor.
ib. (as E. Drummondii Hook.). Wolfhill and Woodburn glens
(W. Millen): Hind 1854. Glendoon, near Cushendall (Moore) :
Newman 1844. Loonburn (west side) near Donegore, &c.: Flor.
Uist. Not infrequent in the mountain glens of Antrim, as near
the base of Slemish above Buckna; head of Glenariff; head of
Glenballyeamon, &c. (Moore): Cyb. Glenocum ; and near the head
of Glenbush (Herb. Moore); Carnlough (Herb. Canon Grainger) ;
and near Garron Point (Praeger): S. & P. 1895.

First found by T. Drummond, in Wolfhill Glen, before 1836.

4. E. sylvaticum Linn.— Wood Horse-tatl.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XM.
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Zype, British.

Moist woods and banks, &c.; frequent. rt. April-May.
Caleifuge B.

Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Cork. To 1600 ft. in Leitrim
(Stewart); to 1150 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.); to 1600 ft. in Queen’s
Co. (Hart).

Much more common in the North than in the South; local in
the East, and generally preferring mountainous districts.

5. E. palustre Linn.—Marsh Horse-tail.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. KX. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.

By streams and damp places; common. rt. May—July.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1400 ft. in Sligo
(B. & V.); to 2000 ft. in Mayo (Hart).

Var. vouystacuyom Auct.—I. Darrynane, Kerry ; and—V. Near
456 EQUISETACEA. [ Eyuisetum.

Portrane, Dublin; 2&.W. S.—XII. Portrush sandhills, and at
Shane’s Castle, Lough Neagh, Antrim (Praeger): S.& P. 1895.

Var. xopum Newm.—XII. Shane’s Castle, Lough Neagh
(Praeger): 8. & P. 1895.

6. E. limosum Linn.— Water Pipes..

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-554°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British.
Ditches, sides of lakes and rivers; common. rt, May-June.
Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork. To 1000 ft. in Down
(S.§ P.); to 1250 ft. in Dublin (WV. C.); to 1425 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).
Vor. ruuviatite (Linn.)—I. In Kerry; and—VIII. West Gal-.
way: Linton 1896.—XII. Common in the North-East: Flor.
N.-E.—no doubt widely distributed in Ireland.

7. E. hyemale Linn.—Shave-grass; Dutch Rushes.

Districts I. — IJII. IV. V. — VI. — — X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-554°. From South to North. Zype, Scottish—British.

Wet shady places and riversides; rare. rt. June-July.

I. By the river Brick near Lixnaw: Smith’s Kerry. By the
rivers Flesk and Laune, Killarney, in several places: &. W.S.
1889 § 89. By the river Lee, Cork: Drummond z820. Near
Ballincollig and the Ovens: f%or. Cork.—III. Abundant in Sir
Robert Staples’ woods, [Dunmore], Queen’s Co.: Mack. Rar.
Mountrath, Queen’s Co., 1897; Praeger.IV. In Powerscourt.
woods, Wicklow (Dr. Stokes): Mack. Rar. Banks of the Cooks-
town river above Enniskerry bridge, 1898; R. W.S. Hollybrook,.
Bray; and—V. Killakee, Dublin; Greenwood Pim. In Finglas.
wood: Rutty’s Dublin. In Luttrellstown woods: Mack. Rar.
Banks of the Liffey opposite Woodlands: Jr. Flor. 2833—and in
1895; WV. C. Wood at Leixlip: Babington 1836—VII. Near
Tullamore, King’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—X. Banks of the Cole-
brooke river, Fermanagh (7. O. Smith): Rec. Add. Near Victoria
bridge, North Tyrone; J. R. Leebody— XI. Right bank of the
river Eske, Donegal: Hart 2885 y.—XII. By the side of Lough
Neagh near Shane’s Castle: Zempleton MS. Glenarm, and many
places in Antrim (Moore): Cyd. In Crow Glen; and by a stream
from Hannahstown to Colin Glen (Stewart): Flor. N.-#. Glen
above Hightown, north of Squire’s Hill, Antrim (Rev. C. Z.
Equisetum. | EQUISETACE A. 457

Waddell): 8S. §& P. 1895. Woods at Mount Sandys above Coleraine ;
and woods by the Agivey river, Derry: Moore MS. Glen near
Magilligan (Mrs. Leebody): S. & P. 1895. By Kilbroney river;
by the Yellow water, and other stations in the Mourne Mountains:
S. & P. 1892.

From sea-level in Derry, to 1700 ft. in Down (8. §P.).

Appears to be more frequent in the North-East than elsewhere
in Ireland. .

E. Moorei Newm.

Districts — — — IV. — — — —
Lat. 523°-53°. Coasts of Wexford and “Wicklow. Vory tak rare, but
locally abundant.

IV. On wet rocky banks facing the sea and on open sandhills a
little south of Rockfield, and not far from Dunganstown, Wicklow
(Moore): Phytol. 2854 & Cyb. Sandhills north of Courtown, Wex-
ford, and thence northwards to three miles south of Wicklow
(More): Ree. Add. Raven Point and sandhills between Cahore
Point and Morris Castle, Wexford; not seen south of Wexford
Harbour: Hart 18814 § 1883 B.

This plant is apparently peculiar to Ireland.

First found by D. Moore and J. Melville, at Rockfield, in 1851.

£. trachyodon Braun.
LE. Mackavi Newm.
Districts I. II. — — — VI. — VII. IX. — — XII.
Lat. 52°-55°. West and North-East, chiefly. Rare and local.

I. By the Laune near Ballymalis Castle, Kerry: &.W. 8.
z889.—Il. Near St. Ann’s, Blarney (&. Mills): Allin 1877.—
VI. Chevy Chase near Gort, Galway: Haré 7873.—VIII. In
Drumman wood and shores of Lough Cullin, Mayo (More): Cyb.—
IX. Glencar, Sligo:. B. §& V. 1885.—XII. Colin Glen, near
Belfast, 1798: Templeton MS. (as E. hyemale). Near a waterfall
at the upper end of Colin Glen, 1838 (Mackay § F. Whitla): Flor.
Hib. (as E. variegatum). Still in Colin Glen: Flor. N.-E. 7888.
In several glens near Glenarm, Antrim ; and in Ballyharrigan Glen
near Dungiven, Derry (Moore): Cyd. Still in the latter locality
(Irs. Leebody): 8. & P. 2895.

First recognised as distinct by F. Whitla before 1830, and
pointed out by him to Mackay in 1833 (Flor. Hib. & Flor. N.-L.).
First described by Newman in Phytol. 2842, p. 304.
458 EQUISETACE.Z. [ Equisetum.

8. E. variegatum Schleich.— Variegated Horse-tail.

Districts I. — III. — V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. — XI. XT.
Lat. 52°-553°, From South to North. Type, Scottish.

Lowland. On lake margins, by canals and river sides, and on
damp, sandy ground; rather rare. rt. July-August.

I. Damp cliffs on Paps mountain, Kerry: R. W. S. 2890 (as Var.
Wusont).—III. By the Barrow near Mountmellick: Hart 2885.
Near Maryborough: Praeger 1897. In Queen’s Co. near Athy;
R.W.S.—V. Abundant along the Royal Canal, east of Clonsilla
(Moore); and near Glasnevin (More): Cyb. Abundant at intervals
along the Royal Canal from Lucan station to Glasnevin, 1893; V.C.
Along the Dodder river at Rathfarnham, and at Bohernabreena:
N.C. 1893—VI. By a pool on the ‘Hunting Course” field near
Castle Taylor, Galway (More): Cyb.—VII. Canal near Mullingar
(2. W. Rawson): Moore's Brit. Ferns, 1862. Edge of Lough Drin
and banks of canal near Killucan, Westmeath: Levinge 1894. By
the Tullamore river near Ballinagar, King’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—
VIII. Shores of Lough Bulard, near Roundstone (More): Ree.
Add.—IX. Shores of Lough Talt, Ox mountains, Sligo: W.0C.
1896.—XI. By the Eske River, and by Lough Eske, between
Ardnamona and the Castle, Donegal: Hart 1885 y.

To 1500 ft. in Kerry (2. W. S.); but usually lowland.

The foregoing records are to be referred to Var. masus Syme
here taken as the type. Many of them were originally attributed
to Var. Witsont Newm., which there is reason to believe is confined
to Killarney, but recent specimens from districts III., V., VII., and
IX., have been identified as Var. masus, which is especially abundant
along the Royal Canal.

Var. ‘snznartum Newm.—V. On the sandhills at Portmarnock
where it was first found by Dr. Taylor: Mack. Cat. 2825. Sand-
hills at Portrane, Dublin (Moore): Cyb. Sandhills opposite
Malahide, Dublin; &. WV. S—IX. Sandhills at Mullaghmore, north
of Ben Bulben, Sligo (Moore): Cyb.— XII. Sandy shore at Benone,
Magilligan, Derry: Moore US.

This variety is apparently quite rare in Ireland.

Var. Wisont Newm.—I. Ditches bordering on the lake in
Muckross demesne, Killarney (W. Wilson): Brit. Flor. Eds. IT. and
LV. 1832 § 7838,—and in 1885: Linton z886. Ross Bay, Killarney
Lakes, 1890; R.W.S.
Lycopodium. | LYCOPODIACEA. 459

ORDER LXXX.—LYCOPODIACEZ.

LYCOPODIUM Linn.
1. L. Selago Linn.—Fir Club-moss.

Hibernicé Cpubimse Siannaé (Croob-ce-nee Shinnack), Fox's
Paws.
Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-553°. Throughout Ireland. Type, British-Highland.
Mountain heaths and cliffs, and more rarely in lowland bogs;
frequent. rt. July—October.
Sea-level in N. Donegal and 8. Kerry. To 2400 ft. in Donegal
(Hart); to 2796 ft. in Down (S. & P.); to 3000 ft. in Wicklow
(N.C.); to 3370 ft. in Kerry (Lore).

2. L. inundatum Linn.—Warsh Club-moss.

Districts I. — — — ~— — — VII. -—- ~ — —
Lat. 512°-533°. Kerry, Cork, and Galway. ype, British-English.

Wet heaths and ditches; very rare. rt. July-October.

I. On the shore of Lough Guitane, near Killarney (More):
Journ. of Bot. 1876, p. 373—still there in 1896; #.W.S. Plentitul
in the townlands of Ardkitbeg and Ardkitmore, parish of Desert-
serges; and near Churchill, Co. Cork (C. Longfield): Allin’s Cork.
Enniskeane, Cork: Herb. Allin.—VIII. In turfy ditches along the
public road between Oughterard and the ‘‘ Recess”: Wade Gallovid,
ror. Plentiful over a considerable area of wet heath immediately
west of Maam, Galway: IZ & S. 1896—a locality very near Wade’s
station. On the borders of a small lake near Letterfrack, Conne-
mara (H. Seebohm): Nat. Hist. Rev. 1859, p. 159, § Cyd.

3. L. clavatum Linn.— Common Club-moss.

Districts I. [II.] III. IV. V. — VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland, almost. Type, British.

Heaths and mountains; rare and local. #7rt. July—October.

I. “Plentifully in all the southern baronies of this county”:
Smith's Kerry. In several places on Mangerton, but very rare in
Kerry: R.W.8. 1888 § -89. Rochestown Hill, between Cork and
Passage (Lr. Alexander); on a bank at Willsville by the new
460 LYCOPODIACEZA. [ Lycopodium.

Carrigaline and Cork road (D. Murray) ;—both stations probably
destroyed: Flor. Cork.—I. or II. Dunbulloge Glen, Cork (J.
, Sullivan): Annot. in Flor. Cork.—III. On Mount Leinster, Carlow
(RB. Clayton Brown): Rec. Add.—IV. At the base of Lugnaquilla,
Glenmalure, Wicklow ; Hart.—Y. Kelly’s Glen, Ballynascorney,
and other places on the Dublin mountains: Jr. lor. Abundant on
Slieve Thoul, and at head of Glenasmole, Dublin: NW. C. 1&95.—
VII. Kilduff, Devil’s Bit mountain: Hart 1885 a.—VIII. Near
Leenane Hotel, Killary, Mayo: Hart 28830. Killaguile, Galway;
Miss M. F. Jackson—IX. In Oo. Sligo, rare: Cyb.—X. Slieve
Glah, Co. Cavan: Ir. Wat. 7896, p. 199. Brackagh bog, Armagh:
Praeger 1893.—XI. Aghla and Barnesmore mountains: Murphy
7829. Mountains near Pettigoe (Miss Young); Stoolary Hill south
of Carndonagh; and on the Scalp, Inishowen: Hart 1885 y & 1883.—
XII. Mountains of Mourne: Harris’s Down. Slieve Commedagh
(Rev. H. W. Lett); Slieve Donard, Down: S.& P. 2895. Top of
Black mountain, 1798, and on Agnew’s Hill, Antrim, 1804
(Zempleton): Whitla MS. Banks of stream between Divis and
Black mountain; heath at Loughmourne, &c., Antrim; Slieve
Gallion, and Benbradagh, Derry (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Evish
mountain near Parkmore, &c. (Rev. H. W. Lett): 8. & P. 1895.
Crockmore, Draperstown, Derry (Praeger): Journ. of Bot. 1892.
Descends to 50 ft. in Armagh (Praeger); and to 100 ft. in Kerry

(#.W.8.). Ascends to 2450 ft. in Down (8S. P.); to 1900 ft. in
Mayo, and to 1950 ft. in Wicklow (Hart); to 2568 ft. in Kerry
(R.W.S.).

' Appears to be more frequent in the North-East and East than in
other parts of Ireland.

4. L. alpinum Linn.—Mountain Clud-moss.

Districts I. — — IV. — — — VIII. IX. X. XL. XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. North of Ireland, chiefly. Type, Highland.
Mountain heaths ; rather rare and local. rt. July—October.
I. On Mangerton, Kerry: Flor. Hid. On Carrantual, Macgilli-
cuddy’s Reeks; JMore.—IV. Cliffs of Thoulagee, above Lough
Ouler (Hart): Journ. of Bot. 1883, p. 153. Maulin mountain;
fev. C.F. @ Arcy. Tngnaquilla; R. P. Vowell. Table mountain,
Wicklow ; WV. C.—VIII. On Lettery mountain, and on Maam Turk,
Connemara: Wade Gallovid. Still in the latter locality; on
Mweelrea; Loughty mountain; and Curraun Achill in Mayo:
Lycopodium. | LYCOPODIACEA. 461

Hart 1883 a.—IX. On mountains of Sligo, but rare (J. Wynne) :
Cyb.—X. On Aghla, Tyrone (Admiral Jones): Cyb.—XI. Plentiful
on the summit of Barnesmore mountains, Donegal: Mack. Rar. On
several mountains in Donegal, but rare in the county: Hart 1879,
1885 y, §¢.—XII. On the mountains of Down: Harris's Down
(recorded as “‘Savin’’). Slieve Donard: Zempleton MS. On most
of the Mourne summits: S. & P. 2895. On the top of Black
mountain, Antrim, 1793 (Zempleton): Whitla MS.—still there :
Flor. N.-E. 1888. Several other localities in Down and Antrim
are given in Flor. N.-E. and S.§ P. 1895. In Derry, only seen
on Dart and on Slieve Gallion (Moore): Cyb.

From 1400 to 2219 ft. in Donegal (Hart); 1900-2796 ft. in Down
(S. & P.); 1560-2500 ft. in Mayo (Hart); and at 2650 ft. in Kerry
(More).

ORDER LXXXI.—SELAGINELLACEZ.
SELAGINELLA Spring.
1. S. selaginoides Gray—Little Prickly Club-moss.

S. spinulosa Braun—Lycopodium selaginotdes Linn.
Districts I. — III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI. XT.
Lat. 512°-554°. South to North. Zype, Highland.

Moist places on mountains, heaths, sandhills, &c.; frequent.
Frt, June-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and in Dublin. To 1800 ft. in Donegal,
and to 2100 ft. in Mayo (Hart).

Like most of the Club-mosses, this is very rare in the south-
west. ‘Near Bantry” : Drummond 1820 is the only record we are
aware of. It is frequent over the rest of Ireland even at low
levels, and occurs on sandhills by the sea in Dublin, Antrim, and

Derry.
ISOETES Linn.

1. I. lacustris Linn.— Qucll-wort.

Districts: I. II. — IV. — — — VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 514°-552°. South to North. Zype, Highland.

In lakes, chiefly in mountainous districts; frequent. rd.
June-Aug.
462 SELAGINELLACES. [ Laoetes.

Frequent in the South-West, West, and North of Ireland; rare
in the South and East, but occurs in the counties of Waterford and
Wicklow. :

From sea-level to 1500 ft. in Donegal; to 2338 ft. in Kerry
(Hart).

Var. Moret Syme—IV. In Upper Lough Bray, Wicklow
(More): Rec. Add.—still abundant there in 1890; &. W.S.

Of this variety, which is described and figured in Journ. of Bot.

1878, p.353, and is apparently peculiar to Ireland, Nyman ( Conspectus
Supp. p. 349) says: ‘“‘ Var (?) memorabilis a typo specter habitd valde
recedens.””

L. echinospora Dur.

Districts I. — — — — — — VIII — — — —
Lat. 512°-533°. Kerry and Galway. Very rare.

I. Lakes near the Gap of Dunloe; and in the Upper Lake of
Killarney near Glenagh Cottage (Moore): Cyd. Still near Glena
Cottage (which is on the Lower Lake, not Upper); near the
Meeting of the Waters, and several places about Killarney; in most
of the lakes between Glencar and Killorglin, &e.: R. W. 8. 1888 §
-89.—VIII. Inish Bofin, Galway: More 2876.

Sea-level to 560 ft. in Kerry (R.W.S.); but usually lowland.

ORDER LXXXTI.—MARSILEACEZ.

PILULARIA Linn.

1. P. globulifera Linn.— Piil-wort.

Districts I. — — — — — — VIII. — X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. West and North-East, chiefly. Type, British.

Lowland. In shallow water and on marshy ground; rare and
local. rt. June-August.

I. Sparingly at the south end of Upper Lake, Killarney: R. W.S.
z890.—VIII. In the gravelly watery spots near the bridge of
Ballynamore: Wade Gallovid. Near the Salmon Leap at Ballina-
hinch, Connemara: Wade Rar. In abundance at the western end
of Glendalough (Praeger) : Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 165. Several localities
about Lough Mask: R. P. Vowell and I. & S. 1896. Between
Letterfrack and Kylemore, sparingly (H. Seebohm): Cyb.—
Pilularia.| MARSILEACEZ. 463

X. Swampy ground near the Blackwater, Lough Neagh (J.
Campbell): Flor. Hib. Abundantly about one mile north of
Washing Bay, Lough Neagh ;—apparently the same locality as the
preceding (Miss WM. C. Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—XII. In a ditch
by the river Bann, a little below Jackson’s Hall, Coleraine (David
Moore): Flor. Hib. Selshan Harbour, Lough Neagh (Hyndman) :
Flor, Ulst. Drain by Portmore Lough, Antrim: Herb. Moore.

ORDER LXXXITTI.—CHARACEZ.

CHARA Linn.

1. C. fragilis Desv.

Districts I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. EX. XK. XI. XII.
Lat. 51$°-554°. Throughout Ireland.

Lakes, pools, streams, ditches, &c.; the typical plant is common.
Frt. June-August.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and 8. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Kerry
(B.W.S8.).

Var. parpata Gant.—I. Near Ventry, Kerry (D. M‘Ardle):
Groves 1895.—IV. Murrough of Wicklow (Moore): Groves r880.—
VI. Drains by the Shannon at Killaloe: W. C. 1897.—VII. Mullin-
gar (Moore): Groves 1880. Scraw bog, Loughanstown, Westmeath :
Levinge 1894. Geashill, King’s Co. (Praeger): Groves 1895.—IX.
Stream at Cong, and south-east end of Lough Mask: I & S. 7896.
—XII. Lough Beg, Antrim (Thompson): Groves 7885. Holywood
Hills; Clandeboye lower lake; near Craigauntlet (Praeger); and
Tardree Hill, Down (Canon Grainger): 8S. & P. 1895.

Vor. captttacza Coss & G.—I. Long Range, Killarney, &c.:
R.W.S8.2888.—V. Howth, Dublin (Praeger): Groves 1895. Killen-
coole, Co. Louth : Praeger 1897.—VIII. Renvyle, Galway, 1832 (2.
Shuttleworth): Groves 1895.—XII. Holywood, Down (Praeger) :
Groves 1886.

Var. Hepwie Kueta—V. Lucan, Co. Dublin (Praeger):
Groves 1895.— VIII. Cong, Galway (C. Batley): Groves z886—
this station extends into—IX. Lough Gill river, Sligo: B. & V.
1885.—XII. Holywood Hills, Down (Praeger): Groves 1895.

Var. peticatuta Braun—This is recorded from Districts III.,
464 CHARACEA. [ Chara.

_Y., VIII., IX., X., XI., and XII., and is probably frequent
throughout Ireland.

2. C. connivens Braun.

Districts — — — IV. — — —~ — — ~— — —
Lat. 52° 20’. Wexford only.

Lowland. Brackish pools and lakes; very rare. 7t. July—
August.

IV. In a lagoon north of Wexford Harbour: Marshall 1896.

An interesting addition to the Irish Characee, occurring else-
where in the British Isles only in South and Hast England.

3. C. aspera Willd.

Districts I. — III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. TX. X. XI. XII
Lat. 51$°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably.

Lowland. Lakes, canals, and brackish pools; the typical plant
is frequent. rt. July-August.

Var. conta. Braun—VI. Lough Derg, Galway (Bolton King):
Groves 188r.

Var. wacustris H. & J. Groves—VIII. Lough Cullen, Mayo
(More): Groves 1880. Roundstone, Galway (J. Woods): Groves
1884.—X. Lough Neagh, near Lurgan, Armagh: Praeger 1893.
Arboe, Tyrone (Rev. S. A. Brenan); and—XII. Lough Neagh,
near Crumlin, Antrim (Stewart): Groves 1895.

Var. susinermis Kuetz—I. Bog near Lough Hyne, Co. Cork,
1896; Groves and Phillips.—IV. Lagoon, north of Wexford Har-
bour: Marshall 1896.—IX. Lough Gillriver, Sligo; Glenade Lake,
Leitrim: B. § V. 1885.—X. Lough Neagh, Armagh: Praeger
1893.—XII. Lough Neagh, Antrim (Rev. H. W. Lett): Groves
7886. River Bann, Derry (Praeger); Rathlin Island (Moore):
Groves 1895.

4. C. polyacantha Braun.

Districts — II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. — —
Lat. 52°-543°, Central Ireland, chiefly.
Lowland. Bog-holes, lakes, &.; rare. Frt. June-August.
II. Shanagarry bog, Cork (Carroll): Groves r880.—III. Canal
at Monasterevan, Queen’s Co. (Praeger) ;—IV. Near Newcastle,
Wicklow (Barrington); and—V. Canal near Monasterevan, Co.
Chara. | CHARACEA. 465

Kildare (Praeger): Groves 1893 § 71895. Lough Crew near
Oldcastle, Meath: Praeger 1897.—VI. Headford, Galway (R.
Shuttleworth): Groves 1880. Lough Derg, Galway (Linton):
Groves 1886.—VII. Scraw bog and Lough Owel, Westmeath
(Levinge and Groves): Groves z893.—VIII. Moycullen, Galway:
Groves 17895.—IX. Foxford, Mayo (More): Groves 1880.—
X. Loughgall Lake, Armagh: Praeger 7893.

First gathered in Great Britain by Sherard in turf bogs in
Treland, and figured from his specimens by Plukenet in 1691.

5. C. contraria Kuetz.

Districts’ I. — ITI. — V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. — XII.
Lat. 52°-553°. From South to North.

Lakes, canals, ponds, &c.; not infrequent. rt. June-August.

I. Near Black Point, Rossbehy, Kerry: R. W. 8. 1889.—
ITI. Canal near Monasterevan, Queen’s Co. (Praeger): Groves
z895—this locality extends into—V. Near Glasnevin, Dublin,
1882 (D. M'Ardic): Groves 1885. Near Oldcastle, Co. Meath :
Praeger 1897.—V1. Lough Derg, Galway (Linton): Groves 1886.
Rinmaher Point and mouth of Woodford river, Lough Derg: MW. C.
7897.—VII. Lough Owel (Levinge and Groves): Groves 1893.
Lough Ennel, Westmeath: Groves 2895. Canal at Edenderry,
King’s Co.: Praeger 1897.—IX. Lough Allen, Leitrim, 1883
(Stewart): Groves 188g. River Suck at Bellagill bridge, Ros-
common: Praeger 1897.--X. At Croaghan Island, Lough Neagh,
Armagh (Rev. H.W. Lett): Praeger 1893. Lough Sheelin, Cavan ;
Praeger.—X1J.. Clandeboye Lower Lake, Down; near Limavady
Junction, Derry (Praeger §& Donnan): B. iN. F. C. Proc. 1890-93.

Vor. wisrripuLa Braun—VII. Brittas Lake, Westmeath (Levinge
and Groves): Groves 1895.—VIII. and IX. Near Cong, in both
Galway and Mayo (C. Bailey): Groves 1886.

First found in Ireland by David M‘Ardle, near Glasnevin, in
1882.

6. CG. denudata Braun.

C. dissoluta Leonh.

Districts — — — — — — VIL —- — — — —

Lat. 534°. Westmeath lakes only. Very rare. Jirt. July—Aug.
VII. Brittas Lake, Knock Drin, Westmeath (Levinge): Groves

895.
2u
466 CHARACEZ. [ Chara.

First found by H. C. Levinge in 1892. The Westmeath station
is, so far, the only one known for the British Isles.

Messrs. H. & J. Groves suggest (Groves 7895) that this plant,
which is described and figured in Journ. of Bot. 1895, p. 290, may
‘be only a degraded form of the preceding species.

7. C. tomentosa Linn.

Districts — — — — — VI. VII. — TX — — —
Lat. 58°-583°, Galway, Roscommon, and Westmeath.

Lowland. Lakes and rivers ; locally abundant. rt. July—Aug,

VI. River Shannon below Portumna, Galway, 1843 (Moore) :
Groves 1880. Near the mouth of the Woodford river, Lough Derg:
WV. C. r897.— VII. Belvidere Lake [L. Ennell], Westmeath, 1841
(Moore): Lond. Journ. of Bot. 2842 (as C. latifolia, Willd.). Lough
Derevaragh. and Lough Owel, Westmeath (Levinge and Groves):
Groves 1893. Coosan Lough; and—IX. Near Ringdown Castle,
&c., Lough Ree: B&B. §V. 7887.

All the localities so far found for this plant belong to the
Shannon drainage. It may be expected, however, to spread to
East Ireland by means of the Royal or Grand Canals which connect
the Shannon with the Liffey. While extending over the greater
portion of Europe, this species seems in the British Isles to be
confined to Ireland, the Norfolk plant formerly referred here being
now considered by the Messrs. Groves to be a hybrid between
C. hispida and C. contraria (see Groves 1895.0). This species is very
luxuriant in many of the Irish lakes, often attaining to a length of
three or four feet.

First discovered by David Moore, in Belvidere Lake, in 1841.

8. C. hispida Linn.

Districts I. II. WT. IV. V. VI. VII. VII. IX. X. — XI.
Lat. 52°-553°. Throughout Ireland, probably.

Lakes, canals, ponds, &c.; the typical plant is Seraaike rt.
June-August,

Var, macracantna Braun—IV. Wicklow (Moore): Groves
z880.—V. Maynooth, Co. Kildare (D. M'Ardle): Groves 1895.

Var, xuvis Braun—This is recorded from Districts III., V.,VL.,
VII., VITI., IX., X., and XID, and will probably be found to
occur throughout Treland .
Chara. | CHARACEA. 467

9. C. vulgaris Linn.

Districts I. II. TI. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
Lat. 513°-55}3°. Throughout Ireland.

Pools, ditches, damp places, &c.; frequent. Ft, May—August.

Var, wonersracteata Kuets is recorded from all the districts.
except III., VITI., X., and XI., and will probably be found to be
as widely distributed in Ireland as the type.

Vor. partuuata Wallr.—l. Near Inny Ferry, Waterville, Kerry :
Rk. W. S&. r890.—III. Near Farmhill, Athy, Queen’s Co. (2. W.8.):
Groves z895.—IV. Lagoon, north of Wexford Harbour: Marshall
1896.—VII. or IX. Lough Ree, Westmeath, or Roscommon
(Barrington): Groves 1895.

Sea-level in N. Derry and 8. Cork, To 700 ft. on Slieve Elva,
Co. Clare (NV. C.).

10. C, canescens Loisel.

Districts I. — — IV. — — — — — — — —
Lat. 52° 10/—52° 20’. Kerry and Wexford only,

Lakes near the sea; very rare. rt. July-August.

I. Castlegregory Lake, Kerry, in some abundance (2. W.S8.):
Groves 7895.—IV. Lagoon, north of Wexford Harbour: Marshall
1896.

en elsewhere in the British Isles only from Suffolk, Dorset,
and Cornwall.

First found in Ireland by 2. W. S., at Castlegregory, in 1894.

TOLYPELLA Leonh.

1. T. glomerata Leonh.

Districts — — — IV. V. VI. VIL. — IX. —~ — —
Lat. 523°-544°. Central Ireland, chiefly.

Canals, lakes, &c.; local, but perhaps often overlooked. rt.
April-June,
‘IV. Lagoon, north of Wexford Harbour: Marshall 7896.—
V, Canal near Glasnevin (Moore): Groves 2880. Abundant in
both the Royal and Grand Canals near Dublin, 1890; 2.W.8.
Maynooth, Co. Kildare (Praeger): Groves 1895.—VI. Rinmaher
Point; and—VII. Slevoir Point, Lough Derg: W. C. 7897. Lough
Derevaragh (Levinge § Groves): Groves 7893. Lough Ennell,

2H2
468 CHARACEA. [ Zolypella.

Westmeath: Groves 1895.—IX. Glencar Lake, Sligo; and Glenade
Lake, Leitrim: B.gV. 2885.

2. T. prolifera Leonh.

Districts — — — — VY. — — ~ —- —- — —
Lat. 584°. Dublin only. Canals; very rare. /t. June-July.
VY. Royal Canal near Glasnevin, Co. Dublin (Moore): Groves
7880.
‘This rare species has only been found in a few scattered locali-
ties in Central and Southern Europe, and in North and South
America; in Great Britain it is apparently confined to a few
counties in the east of England. It has not been recently gathered
in Ireland.
First found in Ireland by David Moore before 1860.

8. T. intricata Leonh.

Districts — — — ~—~ Vi —~- —~— — — ~—~ ~ ~—
Lat. 533°. Dublin only. Canals; very rare. rt. April-May.

V. Royal Canal near Glasnevin, Co. Dublin, before 1860
(Moore): Groves r880—still there in 1896; F. W. Moore and D.
M' Ardle.

Like the preceding species, this is apparently confined in Great
Britain to the eastern parts of England.

First found by David Moore previous to 1860.

NITELLA Agardh.

1. N. Nordstedtiana H. & J. Groves.
Districts IK —- — — — —~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ _
Lat. 52°. Kerry only. Lakes; very rare. Frt. July-August.

I. South end of Caragh Lake; near the Muckross shore of the
Lower Lake, Killarney: R. W. 8. 2890 & -z (as N. gracilis Agardh).
Near Swallow Island, Killarney, 1892 (R. W. S.): Groves 1895.

A very minute plant, rarely much exceeding an inch in height.
While widespread in Europe, and occurring in North America and
Australia, in Great Britain it has, so far, been found only in the
Outer Hebrides. Occurs in some abundance in the Killarney
‘Stations.

First found in Ireland, at Caragh Lake, by R. W. S. in 1889,
Nitella. | CHARACEA. 469

2. N. tenuissima Kuetz.

Districts — — — — — VI. VII. -—- —- — — es
Lat. 58° 20’—58° 35’. Galway and Westmeath.

Bog-holes and ditches; probably widely distributed. Frt. June—
August.

VI. Near Ballindooley, east of Lough Corrib, Galway: Groves
1893.—VII. Scraw bog near Lough Owel, Westmeath (Levinge &
Groves): Groves 7893.

As the Messrs. Groves discovered this inconspicuous plant in
the only two sets of bog-holes they had the opportunity of
examining, they have little doubt that it will be found to be much
more generally distributed in Ireland when the many suitable
localities the country affords have been investigated. In Great
Britain the plant has been found only in Cambridgeshire and
Anglesea.

First found in Ireland by Messrs. Groves and H. C. Levinge,
near Lough Owel, in 1892.

8. N. gracilis Agardh.

Districts — — — IV. — — — ~ ~ —- — =
Lat. 538° 5’. Co. Wicklow only. Lakes; very rare. rt. July-
August.

IV. On sand in Lough Luggala and Lough. Dan, Wicklow
(Barrington & Groves): Groves 7893.

Also recorded from Glencullen, Co. Dublin, but not recently
confirmed.

While occurring nearly throughout Europe, MW. gracilis seems
in Britain to be confined to a few localities in the southern counties.

.4, N. translucens Agardh.

Districts I. — — — — — — VIII. — X. — XI
Lat. 514°-553°. West and North. Lakes, ponds, &c.; rare,

Frt. July-August.

I. Caragh Lake, Kerry (More): Groves 1880. Killarney
(Linton): Groves 2886. In most of the larger Kerry lakes:
R.W. 8. 1888, ¥c. Bog-hole near Ardnagashel, Bantry, Cork, 1896 ;
Miss L. Giles—VIII. Clifton, Galway (More): Groves 1880.
Roundstone, Galway: Linton 1886.—X. Cashel Lake near Cross-
maglen, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. Kilrea, Derry (Moore):
470 CHARACEA, [Witella.

Flor, Hib. §& Groves 1880, Derry Lough, Co. Down; in Rathlin
Island, Antrim (Stewart): Flor. V.-#. Several further localities
for this district are given in S. §P. 1895.

Sea-level in N. Antrim and S. Cork. To 1100 ft. in Kerry
(BW. S.). -

First found in Ireland by Dr. Moore, at Kilrea, Derry, in 1836.

5. N. flexilis Agardh.

Districts I. — — — — — — — IX KX — —
Lat. 513°-544°. West Ireland, chiefly.

Lakes and rivers; rare. rt. May—July.

I, Caragh Lake, and in most of the larger lakes in Kerry :.
R. W. 8S. 1890. Glengariff, Co. Cork (Carroll): Groves 1895.
Inchigeela and Gouganebarra lakes, Cork: Phdllips 1897.—
IX. Cong, Mayo (Linton): Groves 2886. Lough Allen, Leitrim:
Stewart 1885.—X. Rossford Point, Fermanagh (W. Thompson) :
Groves 1885. Camlough river, Armagh: Praeger 7893.

First found in Ireland by W. Thompson, at Rossford Point,
Fermanagh, in 1837.

Var. wrpirica Wallm.—I. Killarney, Kerry, 1861 ( Carrington) :
Groves 1895 a.

6. N, opaca Agardh.

Districts I. II. TIT. IV. V. VI. VIL. VILL IX. X. XI. XID
Lat. 514°-553°, Throughout Ireland.

Lakes, ponds, rivers, ditches, &c.; frequent. rt. April-June.

Sea-level in N, Antrim and 8. Kerry. To 1100 ft. in Kerry
{R.W.S.).

The commonest species of Wetella in Ireland.
APPENDIX.

—to——

EXCLUDED SPECIES.

Errors, casuals, and aliens not fully naturalized.

RANUNCULACEA,

Clematis Vitalba Linn.—Zraveller’s Joy.
IV. Sandhills at Courtown, Wexford, sparingly (More): Ree.
Add.—V. Sandhills at Portrane opposite Malahide, sparingly
(Moore): Cyb.—still there but not increasing, 1866-1880 ; Hart.
North Bull, Dublin (D. M‘Ardle): Ir. Nat. 1892, p. 125. Railway
bank, Killester, Co. Dublin, 1865; Hart—well established here in
1895; N.C.

Also recorded from hedges and shrubberies in many parts of
Ireland, but has nowhere established itself in quantity in thoroughly
wild stations. In some localities, such as along the north side of
Muckross Lake, Killarney, it has been known for many years in a
semi-naturalized state and perhaps almost deserves admission to the
Irish Flora. In the Appendix to Threlkeld’s Synopsis, 1727, Dr.
Thomas Molyneux says: ‘‘ The Viorna or Travellor’s Joy and the
Viscus or Misseltoe (both very frequent in England), I could never
meet with either in Ireland.”

Anemone apennina Linn.
V. Glasnevin: Wade Rar. & Flor. Hib.—still in the grounds of
Delville, at Glasnevin: Cyd. Among bushes by the Dodder near
Templeogue Bridge, 1896; W.C.
Escaped from cultivation or planted.

Adonis autumnalis Linn.—Pheasant’s Hye.
II. Little Island, Cork, once seen (J. Sullivan); and—IV. By a
pathway between Enniskerry and Bray (P. McArdle): Cyb.—
V. “Inter segetes nonnunquam”: Wade Dubl. About Dundrum
(D. Orr); and near the Martello Tower at Howth, sparingly, 1865
(Dr. E. P. Wright): Cyb.
A casual introduced with seed, and not seen recently.
472 APPENDIX. [ Ranunculacee..

Myosurus minimus Linn.—House-tail.
North of Ireland: Brit. Flor., Eds. 4 and 5.
A fraud, the specimens sent were obtained from a botanic
garden: Flor. NV.-£.

Ranunculus hirsutus Curtis.
II. Galtymore, Tipperary: Flor. Hib—XII. At Skeig O’Neil,
near Belfast’ (Ifilen); Magilligan Rocks (Moore); and Warren-
point (Dickie): Flor. Ulst.

Erroneous determination; some of thie records should perhaps.
be referred to the mountain form of #. acris.

Ranunculus arvensis Linn.

V. “It flowers among corn in May about Rahany and Kilsaughan ” :
Threlkeld Synopsis 1727. Plentiful at Baldrummond, the estate of
Dr. Scott near the Man of War inn: Mack. Rar. 1806. In corn-
fields near Balbriggan (Dr. Scott): Templeton MS. In cornfields
at Raheny and Malahide (Ir. Johnston): Cyb.—XII. At Agnews
Hill and in a shrubbery at Inver, near Larne, introduced : Templeton
HS.

Specimens of the Baldrummond plant, correctly named, are
preserved in the Admiral Jones Herbarium, Science and Art Museum,
Dublin. No doubt introduced with corn in all cases. Not seen
recently and can hardly be regarded as permanent.

Helleborus viridis Linn.— Green Hellebore.
Recorded for many localities from South to North of Ireland, but
is in all cases an escape from cultivation.

Helleborus feetidus Linn.—Fetid Hellebore.
VI. Stated by K’Eogh (Botanica) to grow on great mountains,
particularly Slieve Baghtine and near Drumcullagher, in Limerick,
An error.

Delphinium Ajacis Reichb.
V. A single plant in sandy arable ground at Portmarnock, 1869
(More): Rec. Add.
A casual not recently observed.

BERBERIDELL.

Berberis vulgaris Linn.—Barberry.
Occurs in many localities, but is always planted or an escape or
outcast.
Fumariacee. | APPENDIX. 473

FUMARIACEZ.

Corydalis lutea DC.— Yellow Fumitory.
TV. Walls at Ballyarthur, Wicklow, many years established ;
&. Bayly.—vV1. Roxborough, Galway ; Hart.—XI. Old walls at
Greenfort, Fanet, many years established : Hart z880.—XII. Walls.
at Crumlin and Hillsborough Park: Flor. W.-E.
Appears to be naturalizing itself in many stations, chiefly on
walls, but is in all cases of obvious garden origin.

Fumaria parviflora Lamk.
I. On Cape Clear Island (Drummond): Flor. Hib. Three Castle
Head (W. G. Nash); Whiddy Island (Drummond): Flor. Cork.—
V. In the county of Dublin (J. Ball): Cyd.
Not confirmed for any of the stations.

CRUCIFERZ..

Arabis perfoliata Lamk.—Turritis glabra Linn.
XII. Plentiful in 1847 in a small field or enclosure at the foot of
the White Rock Mountain near Belfast (D. Orr): sia
Never confirmed ; authority not reliable.

Cardamine impatiens Linn.— Bitter Cress.
XII. At Shane’s Castle near Lough Neagh: Hind 7854.
Introduced and perhaps planted. Not found recently.

Alyssum incanum Linn.
V. One plant at Portmarnock, Dublin, 1869 (2 Dowd): Rec. Add.
A casual, not seen recently.

Alyssum campestre Linn.
II. Rubbish heap by the River Lee, Cork city (as A. calycinum)
(BR. W.S.): Ir. Nat. 7895, p. 20.
Introduced with foreign grain.

Alyssum calycinum Linn.

TI, Plentiful in a meadow near Whitegate, Cork, 1897 ; Phillips.—
V. On a sandy bank at Portmarnock, Co. Dublin, in 1817, and again

near the same station in 1837: Mackay Additions 1859 § 1860.

Re-discovered at Portmarnock in 1867 by H. C. Hart, who observed
it growing there for several years afterwards: Rec. Add. In a
sandy field at Rogerstown, Dublin, eight miles north of Portmarnock:
WV. C. 1895.—XII. Edge of a barley field and on sand-fences
474 APPENDIX. [ Crucifora.

between Bellarena and the Roe mouth, Derry, in some quantity,
1897; Urs. Leebody.
Shows a tendency to become naturalized in Ireland.

Alyssum maritimum Linn.
L, or IL. About Cork on rocks and walls (Carroll): Allin’s Cork.
Not: confirmed.

Draba muralis Linn.
I. On a wall at Evergreen and at the Mathew Cemetery, Cork:
Flor. Cork.—V. Abundant on the walls of the Botanic Gardens,
Glasnevin; R.W.S.—XII. Old walls about Belfast: For. lst.
Plentiful on an old bridge near Armoy, Antrim; walls near a
nursery at Newry: Ir. Nat. 1896, p. 184.

Introduced with garden seeds or plants.

Draba rupestris R. Br.

IX. This plant was first announced as Irish by W. Andrews in
1845 (London Journ. of Bot. Vol. IV.), and had been previously
recorded in the seventh edition of Withering’s Botanical Arrange-
ment as plentiful on the limestone mountains of Leitrim and Sligo.
In 1871, Dr. Moore and W. T. Dyer recorded this plant as growing
very sparingly on the north side of Ben Bulben (Ree. Add.). Only
two immature specimens seem to have been gathered on this
occasion, and on one of them being submitted to Mr. Arthur Bennett
grave doubts were thrown on the correctness of the naming. A
careful search made by Messrs. Barrington and Vowell in 1884
over the Ben Bulben range, only resulted in the discovery of some
dwarf forms of Draba incana not unlike D. rupestris at first sight ;
and there is but little room to doubt that some such form as this
was erroneously recorded as D. rupestris—see B. &V. 1885.

Cochlearia Armoracia Linn.—Horse Radish.

II. Along the Waterford coast: Hart r883 8. Between Tivoli and
Glanmire, Cork, abundant for nearly two miles along a strip of
waste ground: Phillips z895.—V. In many parts of Co. Dublin;
IV. C.—XI. Near Bundoran; Hart.

Long established in many of its stations, but is in all cases a relic
of cultivation and shows little tendency to increase, rarely flowering
and never fruiting in Ireland.

Hesperis matronalis Linn.—Dame’s Violet.
II. Rocks at Glanworth near Fermoy (7. Chandiee): Allin’s Cork.
Near Carrigacunna; Allin.—IV. Woods at Poulaphuca, Wicklow,
Cruciferae.) APPENDIX. 475

and south side of the Dargle (Barrington): Moore & More 1878.
Rockmount between Ferns and Enniscorthy (J. Morrison): Ree.
Add.—IX.. Plentiful in the woods at Rockingham, Roscommon
(Moore): Rec. Add.—X. Knocknahatna, Oldcastle, Cavan (Rev.
NV. J. Halpin): Flor, Hib—xXIl. By the river Maine; Shane’s
Castle, 1837; Moore. Shane’s Castle grounds (Corry): Flor.
N.-£.

Apparently semi-naturalized in some parts of Ireland, and almost
deserving of a place in the Irish Flora.

Sisymbrium pannonicum Jacq.
II. Abundant on a rubbish heap by the river Lee, City of Cork
(RB. W.S8.): Ir. Nat. 1895.—V. Rubbish heap near the Manure
Works, East Wall, Dublin Harbour, 1894; WV. C.—XII. Waste
ground adjoining the Belfast Distillery (R. Hanna): S. § P. 2895.
Introduced with foreign grain.

Sisymbrium Columne Jacq.
V. Waste ground near the Manure works, East Wall, Dublin
Harbour, 1894; WV. C.—XII. Waste ground near Belfast Distillery,
1893-94 (R. Hanna): 8. § P. 1895.

Introduced with ballast or foreign grain.

Erysimum cheiranthoides Linn.
II. Gravelly fields near Sunday’s Well, Cork: Drummond 7819.
Rubbish heaps by the Lee, near Sunday’s Well, Cork (R.W.8.):
Lr, Nat. 895.—V. About Templeogue: Threlkeld.—VII. For two
miles along the road between Parsonstown and Portumna in
Galway, and in the adjoining parts of Tipperary (JL Dowd): Ree.
Add, Knockdrin, Westmeath: Levinge 189¢.—IX. Hudson’s
Bay, Lough Ree, Roscommon: 2. &V. 2887.—XI. Carraghblagh,
Donegal, 1894; Hart.—XII. Between Ballinderry and Lisburn,
1837 ; Moore.

Introduced with seed, and though of not infrequent occurrence,
seems to be nowhere thoroughly established.

Erysimum orientale R. Br.
I. Flax fieids near Dingle, Kerry (Babington): Cyb. Near Shannon
Vale mills, Clonakilty; and—II. Near Midleton mills: Allin’s
Cork, Rubbish heap by the Lee, Cork (2.W.8.): Jr. Nat.
1895.—IV. Near Enniscorthy, Wexford (J. Morrison): Cyb.—
V. Kilmessan railway station; Dore.
A casual, nowhere established.
476 APPENDIX. [ Cruciferae.

Camelina sativa Crantz.

II. Rubbish heap by the river Lee, Cork city (R.W.8.): Ir. Nat.
1895, p. 20.—1V. At Wexford (Carroll): Herb. T. Chandlee.
Occasionally at Fassaroe: Moore and More 1878.—V. Lands about
Collon and Collonbeg, Louth: Zr. Flor. A weed at Howth, 1881;
Hart.—VII. Knock Drin, Westmeath: Zevinge r894.—VIII. On
the borders of Lough Corrib near Lemonfield, Oughterard, in a truly.
wild state: Wade Rar.—XII. Fields at Malone, 1799: Templeton
MS. In several stations in Antrim, Derry, and Down: Flor.
N.-£., and 8. & P. 1895.

An introduction, usually with flax seed, and still not infrequent
in the North-East.

Brassica oleracea Linn.— Cabbage.
TI. On cliffs near Youghal, sparingly (Drummond): Flor. Cork.—
XII. Among stones on the beach in the Island of Rathlin (iss
Gage): Flor. Uist.

Escapes from cultivation.

Brassica adpressa Boiss.
V. A single plant at Portmarnock, 1867 (Hart): Rec, Add. Along
the roadside near Sutton station, County Dublin, 1890; Ceed
Butler.
A casual.

Brassica Napus Linn. and B. Rapa Linn.
Both of these plants appear to be frequent throughout Ireland in
waste places, on hedge banks, and by riversides. They are, no
doubt, in all cases relics of cultivation, and the different forms have
seldom been discriminated.

Brassica monensis Huds.
VI. Isles of Arran (Lightfoot): Ir. Flor.
The locality is confounded with the Scottish island of Arran,
for which the plant is recorded by Lightfoot in Flora Scotica.

Diplotaxis tenuifolia DC.
II. Plentiful at Haulbowline, and sparingly near Whitepoint,.
Great Island, Cork, 1896; W. G. Aaford.—vV. Portmarnock, in
some plenty (Z. Chandiee\: Carroll 1857,—VIII. A single plant
near Westport, Mayo (Babington): Cyb.—XII. Milewater, near
Belfast (W. Millen): Flor. N.-E. ‘
Introduced, and nowhere fully established.
Crucifera. | APPENDIX. 477

Lepidium ruderale Linn.
I. In some quantity at Moragh cross-roads, near Bandon, Cork,
1896; C. Longfield—II. By the Suir near Clonmel (Z. Anderson) :
Bot, Gazette, 185r.—V. On the North Wall, Dublin: Wade Rar.
Near Kilbarrack church (Dr. Osborne): Flor. Hib.

Introduced with seed, but some of the above records are no
doubt errors.

Lepidium Draba Linn.
II. One plant by the roadside at Little Island, 1897; Urs. Hughes.—
VI. A considerable patch at Barrington’s Pier, Limerick; Miss 8.
Grubb.—X. Near Newry dock, 1892; Praeger. :
Brought with ballast or foreign grain.

Hutchinsia petrea R. Br.
I. On the walls of Mathew Cemetery, Cork, formerly a Botanic
Garden: Flor. Cork.

Escaped from cultivation.

Isatis tinctoria Linn.— Woad.
This seems to have been cultivated in Co. Dublin in Rutty’s time,
1772, and is mentioned as occurring in Queen’s Co. by an annotator
in Threlkeld.
Tt is still occasionally to be found as a weed among crops.

RESEDACEZE.

Reseda alba Linn.—R. suffruticulosa Linn.— White Mignonette.
I, Glengariff, Co. Cork; Levinge.—V. Sandy ditch banks at Port-
marnock, in great abundance, fully naturalized: Mack. Cat. r825—
still there (Hart): Flor. Howth 2887. On the sandy shore south
side of Howth: Carroll 1857—=still there in 1896; WM. 0.
Mornington common near Dundalk; and—XII. Commons at
Glenarm, Antrim: /r. Flor. At Bangor and near Comber: Flor.
Belf. Shore at Newcastle (Lord Clermont): Rec. Add.
In all cases an escape from cultivation, and now found but
sparingly in all its stations, though long established in some of
them.

CISTINEA:.

Helianthemum vulgare Gaertn.—Rock-rose.
I. In the barony of Muskery on some limestone hills near Castle-
more: Smith’s Cork, 7750. Cape Clear Island (J. Drummond) :
478 APPENDIX. [ Cistinee.

Flor. Cork.—XI. On the limestone between Donegal and Bally-
shannon (Hart): Journ. of Bot. 1893, p. 228.—XII. Glendarragh,
near Longford Lodge, Antrim: Flor, Uist.

The Co. Cork records have never been.confirmed. In Donegal
and Antrim the species was either planted or derived from

cultivation.
POLYGALEZ..

Polygala calearea Schultz.
XII. Near Divis Mountain (Orr): Flor. Ulst. Qave Hill (Hind) :
‘Flor. Belf.
Errors.

CARYOPHYILEZ.

Dianthus deltoides Linn.— Maiden Pink.
II. Dry hilly pastures near Dunscombe’s Wood (Mr. Alexander) :
Flor. Cork.— XII. Pastures at Sandymount, near Belfast: Flor.
Uist.
Garden escapes.

Dianthus plumarius Linn.
I. In an old quarry at Blackrock ; on the cliffs of Hop Island; on
houses near the site of the old castle of Kinsale (Drummond) : Flor.
Cork.—II. Common on the town wall of Youghal (Mackay): Cyb.
The plant found by Drummond at Kinsale is probably the same as
that previously recorded by Smith under D. caryophyllus from the
old castle of Kinsale (Smith’s Cork 1750).
Escapes from cultivation, and not recently recorded.

Saponaria Vaccaria Linn.
V. By the Dodder near Rathfarnham, Co. Dublin ; Dr. Mc Weeney.—
VIL At Limerick; P, B. O’ Kelly.
Casually introduced.

Silene Armeria Linn.— Common Catchfly.
VI. Field near Kilrush, Clare (Mr. Andrews); and—XII. Sandy
cornfield by the Roe, Derry, sparingly (Moore): Flor. Hib.
Rathlin island (Dr. Marshall): Flor. N.-£.
Garden escapes and nowhere established.

Silene conica Linn.
I. In cornfields near Monkstown, Cork (J. Sullivan): Annot. in
Flor. Cork.—V. In considerable quantity on banks by the shore to
the north of Portrane peninsula, Co, Dublin, in 1894: WC. 7895.
Caryophyllee. | APPENDIX. 479

Near the coast-guard station, Portrane, in 1895; R.W.S. In1837
it appeared in sandy cultivated fields at Portmarnock, Dublin, where
it has not since been observed.

So far, the plant does not appear to have fully naturalized
itself in Ireland, though well established in its Portrane station.

Silene dichotoma Ehrh.
V. In a turnip field near Clonsilla, Co. Dublin, 1894; WV. C.—
XII. Abundant in several cornfields between Saintfield and
Crossgar, Co. Down, 1894 (D. Redmond & Rev. C. H, Waddell) ;
waste ground by the Belfast Distillery, 1893-4 (R. Hanna):
8. P. 1895.

A native .of eastern Europe, introduced with foreign grain and
apparently spreading in England.

Cerastium alpinum Linn.
XII. About Ballinleg and Glenarm: Jr. Flor. Abundant on the
left side of the road from Larne to Glenarm, 1833: Whitla US.
An error in both cases.

Cerastium trigynum Vill.
I, High mountains near Bantry, rare (Miss Hutchins) : Mack. Cat. &
Flor. Mb.

Never confirmed. A decidedly alpine species confined in Great
Britain to the Scotch Highlands and by no means likely to occur in
south-west Cork. Though there are specimens correctly named in
Dr. Mackay’s Herbarium they cannot be relied on as supporting the
record, as many of the plants in this collection are known to have
-been derived from the Botanic Gardens, and were inserted only to
represent the species.

Stellaria aquatica Scop.—alachium aquaticum Fries.
I. or II. On the banks of the Lee (Dr. Hincks): Flor. Hib. §& Flor.
Cork.

A specimen in the Herbarium of the Cork Institution is attri-
puted to Drummond by Dr. Hincks (Ann. Nat. Hist. r8gr), but is
not included in Drummond’s list. Never confirmed, and no doubt
an error.

Arenaria tenuifolia Linn.
III. Growing plentifully with ZLivaria minor, Sagina apetala, &c.,
along the railway track at Ballybrophy, Queen’s Co., for about 300
yards, 1898; also at Bansha, Tipperary, 1898; R. A. Phillips,
480 APPENDIX. [ Caryophyllee.

Undoubtedly introduced, but likely to become established, and
interesting as the first record for Ireland.

Sagina Linnei Presl—Spergula saginoides Linn.
I. On mountains near Bantry (Miss Hutchins); on Bear Island (7.
Drummond): Flor. Hib.
Never confirmed; the plant observed was probably S. subulata
Presl, which is found in several stations in south-west Cork.

Spergula pentandra Linn.

Recorded in the 3rd Eid. of Ray’s Synopsis, p. 357, a8 observed in
sandy places in Ireland by Dr. G. Sherard. In Cybele Hib. p. rog
it is suggested that Sherard’s plant was a species of Lepigonum
(Spergularia) ; but Mr. G. C. Druce (Annals of Bot. Septr. 1890)
shows that the original specimen given by Sherard to Dillenius and
preserved in the Dillenian herbarium is true S. pentandra. Also
recorded in For. Cork as found near Cork by Drummond and in
gardens about Youghal by Miss Ball; but little confidence can be
placed in the determination of the species.

A plant of Middle and Southern Europe, merely casual in
Ireland.

AYPERICINEZ.

Hypericum calycinum Linn.

I. Forming extensive underwood at Dinis, Killarney, 1831
(Harvey): Herb. Trin. Coll. Dubl. Thoroughly naturalized in the
woods at Muckross: Cyb.—II. Near Ballymaloe in the barony of
Imokilly, remote from any garden: Smith's Cork 1750. Near
Midleton; Aghada; East Ferry, &c., not rarein Cork : -Allin’s Cork.
East Ferry, the roadsides and banks of the Ballinacurra river covered
with it for about a mile, thoroughly naturalized in many stations:
Phullips 1895. Also recorded from other counties, as Wexford and
Wicklow: Cyb.

This handsome plant, undoubtedly derived from cultivation in
all its stations, has established itself more thoroughly in Kerry and
Cork than elsewhere in Ireland, and seems almost deserving of a
place in the Irish Flora.

Hypericum elatum Ait.
Il. Banks of Suir near Clonmel: Hart 788s a.—XII. Plantation
above Donard Lodge, Down: Flor. Uist. Also stated to have been
gathered near Galway by Prof. Balfour: Cyd.
Planted or an escape.
Hypericinee. | APPENDIX. 481

Hypericum hircinum Linn.
I. Near Monkstown, Cork (Carroll): Cyb. Roadsides by the sea
at Crosshaven; Phillips.—II. Between Aghada and Cloyne; and
thoroughly established on walls by the road under Lota Wood,
Glanmire, Cork (Carroll): Cyb. Abundant at Glanmire and East-
ferry, and spreading from walls to roadsides, rocks and banks ;
thoroughly established in several of its localities: Phillips 1895.

An introduced ornamental plant of Southern Europe, spreading
to wilder stations than H. calycinum, and almost qualified for
admission to the Irish flora,

Hypericum montanum Linn,
V. Howth and Dublin mountains: Wade Dubl.—XII. On Mallagh
Hill in the county of Down about eight miles east of Belfast
(D. Orr): Cyd.

The first record is no doubt an error of name; in thesecond, the
authority cannot be taken as sufficient without confirmation and this
has never been given, although the locality intended, Mealough Hill,
about five miles south-east of Belfast, has been frequently examined—
see Flor. NV.-E. p. 292.

MALVACE

Malva borealis Wallm.,
V. Two plants at Donnybrook near Dublin, 1869 (If. Dowd): Ree.
Add.—V1. Waste ground near a gate lodge, Glenstal, Co. Limerick
(C. B. Barrington): Hart 1881 y.
A casual, nowhere established.

LINE.

: Linum usitatissimum Linn.— Flac.
Occurs not infrequently as a survival or escape from cultivation,
especially in the North-East.

GERANTIACEZ.

Geranium striatum Linn.
I, Abundant in shrubberies at Myrtleville, Crosshaven, Co. Cork;
R.W. S.—V. Old Connaught, Co. Dublin; More. Ditch bank near
Raheny, Co. Dublin ; Hart.—XII. Ditch bank near Lisburn (Moore):
Cyb. Near Templepatrick and Keady Hill (Stewart); and in Craw-
fordsburn, and near the railway station at Newtownards (Corry) :
21
482 APPENDIX. [ Gerantacea..

Flor. N.-E. Near Comber, Down (Praeger); and Ballinderry,
Antrim (W. Donnan): 8. & P. 1895.
Garden escapes or outcasts.

Geranium nodosum Linn.
IV. Wood at Newtownbarry, Wexford, well established, 1871 (J.
Morrison): Rec. Add.—X. Naturalized on a bank south of Armagh :
Praeger 1893.
Of garden origin like the preceding.

Geranium Pheum Linn.

II. At Roxboro, Midleton (Allin): Rec. Add. At Lota ‘Wood:
Allin’s Cork.—V. In a neglected avenue near Ballybeg railway
station, Co. Meath, for many years (G@. Dawson): Ree. Add.—
VI. At Glenstal, Co. Limerick, naturalized (C. B. Barrington) :
Hart 1881 y.—X. Hedge near Mullaghmore Lake, Armagh, an
escape: Praeger 1893.—XI. Near Templecarne, Donegal (iss
Young): Hart 1886.—XII. Roadside in Island Magee (2. Zate):
ee, Add. Plentiful by a stream into the lower end of Knock Glen,
appearing quite wild (Stewart): Flor. N.-£. ,

Always originating from cultivation, but becoming naturalized
in some of its stations.

Oxalis corniculata Linn. .
Recorded as an escape near Belfast (Flor. 1V.-#.) and is not infre-
quently met with elsewhere about walls, &c., in the neighbourhood.
of gardens.

Oxalis stricta Linn.
Recorded from Belfast, 1842 (@. O’Brien); and near Lisburn (8S.
Pim): Reo, Add.
Like the preceding, occurs only as an obvious garden escape.

SAPINDACEA.

Acer campestre Linn.—Haple.

Acer Pseudo-platanus Linn.—Sycamore.
Both the Maple and Sycamore occur in hedges and woods in many
parts of Ireland from South to North, but are in all cases planted or
derived from plantations.. The Maple appears wild in some of its
stations in Antrim, Derry, and Mayo, and the Sycamore freely
reproduces itself from seed in many places, occasionally spreading
to peat bogs in the neighbourhood of plantations.
Leguminosae. | APPENDIX. 483

LEGUMINOSAE.

Genista tinctoria Linn.—Dyer’s green-weed.
V. Between Killiney Hill and Bray: Mack. Cat. § Flor. Hib.
An error. The dwarf procumbent form of Cytisus scoparius,
which grows at Killiney Hill and Howth, was probably mistaken
for this species.

Ononis spinosa Linn.
I. Blackrock ; and—II. At Little Island: Flor. Cork.—XII. Ina
pasture field near Ballinahinch, Down, a casual (Stewart): Flor.
N.-E.
The Flor. Cork records should probably be referred to the Var.
HoRRIDA of O. repens.

Medicago sativa Linn.—Lwucerne.

II. Cliffs at Ballycroneen, Cork, established ; Phillips—V. Sandy
fields at Portmarnock, perfectly naturalized: Mack. Cat. 1825 :—
and again in 1866; Hart. Well established on sandhills near
Rush, Co. Dublin (Moore): Cyb. 1866 :—and still there in 1895;
WV. C.—X. Fields near Armagh and Richhill: Praeger 1893.—XII.
Abundant on a railway bank near Larne in 1869 (Stewart); and
again in 1877 (Corry): Flor. N.-E£.

Also occurs sparingly in numerous other stations, but is always
an obvious relic of cultivation, though in some stations maintaining
itself for many years.

Medicago sylvestris Fries.
V. Found in considerable quantity on dry sandy banks at the
southern end of Portmarnock sandhills, Co. Dublin, by R. Ll.
Praeger in 1894-96; and at Malahide, three and a-half miles to the
the northward, by Prof. G. F. Fitzgerald in 1896: Jr. Nat. 1896,
. 249.
. io these localities are notoriously fruitful in alien species and
the plant has not been recorded from any other station in Ireland,
it seems inadvisable at present to admit it to the Irish Flora.

Medicago falcata Linn.
II. Roadside near Queenstown Junction, 1897 ; Phellips—V. Port-
marnock: Mack. Cat.—but not seen recently—VI. One plant by
the roadside at Killaloe, Clare, 1896; W.C.—XII. York-street
terminus, Belfast (W. Millen): Rec. Add.
A casual, nowhere appearing in any quantity.
212
484 APPENDIX. [Leguminose.

Medicago denticulata Willd.
I. Bandon, Co. Cork (J. Sudlivan): Cyb.—II. Near Blarney: Flor.
Cork.—V. Between Dolphin’s Barn and Crumlin, Co. Dublin
(Mr. Johnston): Cyb.
A casual introduction, and not seen recently.

Medicago minima Desr.
I. Cultivated fields at Bandon (J. Sullivan): Cyb.—II. One plant
by the Corn Market, Cork, 1836 (Mfr. Alexander): Flor. Cork.
Sandy fields near Ballycotton (J. Suldivan): Annot. in Flor. Cork.
A casual, not seen recently.

Melilotus alba Desr.—IZ. vulgaris Willd.

I. Valentia, Kerry; R.W.S.—II. Roadside at Blackpool, Cork,
1891; J. H. Bennet. Near Whitegate, 1891; Phillips—IV. By a
newly-made road near Camolin, Wexford (J. Morrison): Cyb.—V.
On waste ground between Howth and Baldoyle: lor. Howth.—
VI. Near Limerick and Kilrush; P. B. O’ Kelly.— XII. Gravel pits
at Giant’s Ring, 1872-88 (Stewart); and Holywood, Down
(Praeger): Flor. N.-E.

An alien introduced with seed, and quite uncertain in its
localities.

Melilotus parviflora Lamk.
II. Near Waterford; 4. A. Friel—X. Waste ground at Newry
Docks: Praeger 1893.—XI1I. Near Holywood, 1887: Flor. N.-E.
Near Duncrue, Belfast (Praeger): S. & P. 2895.
A casual,

Trifolium maritimum Huds. .

V. In a field near Kilbarrack churchyard: Wade Rar. In the
island of Lambay (Mr. Underwood) ; at the end of the North Wall,
Dublin: Mack. Rar.—VI. Plentifully about the border of a field
near the village of Liscannor, Clare (More): Journ. of Bot. 1880,
BD. 233+

The district, V. records are probably all referable to 7. seabrum.
While the authority for the Co. Clare plant places its identity
beyond all doubt, we agree with Mr. More in thinking it prudent
to wait for further observation before admitting this species to a
place in the Irish flora.

Trifolium hybridum Linn.—Alsche Clover.
I. Not rare im pastures in Kerry; &.W.S—V. At Caatle-
bellingham, Louth; Ceci? Butler. At Rush and Skerries and other
Leguminose. | APPENDIX. 485

stations in Co. Dublin; W.C.—VII. At Knock Drin, Westmeath;
Levinge—X. In pastures, occasionally, throughout Co, Armagh:
Praeger 7893.—XV1. In many stations in Antrim, Down, and
Derry: S. & P. 2895.

Many other stations might be given, but the plant is in all
cases a relic of recent cultivation, and shows little tendency to
become established.

Trifolium resupinatum Linn.
II. Cork Harbour: Herb. Chandlee.—XII. Fields near Purdysburn,
and the Giant’s Causeway: Flor. Ulst. Saintfield, Down (Rev. C. H.
Waddell) ; waste ground by Belfast Distillery (2. Hanna): S. & P.
2895.
A casual.
Trifolium agrarium Linn.
XI. By the Foyle a little north of Kilderry, Donegal; Hart.—
XII. Drumbo, Co. Down (J. H. Davies): Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 299.
A casual, spreading in England, and likely to appear elsewhere
in Ireland.

Onobrychis sativa Lamk.—Sainfoin.
II. By the shore at Ballymore, Great Island, 1840: Flor. Cork.—
V. Fields near Leixlip; W. C.—XII. Cherryvalley near Comber :
Flor. Belf. Fields near Whitehouse (W. MacMillan): Flor. N.-E.
A relic of cultivation.

Vicia sativa Linn.— Vetch.
Occurs frequently among crops, by field borders, &c., as an escupe
from, or relic of, cultivation, but is not permanent.
Lathyrus Aphaca Linn.
II. Near Ballycotton, Cork, 1855 (Carroll): Herb. Barrington.—
XII. Near Belfast (Millen): Phytol. 185z. Stranmillis, 1864-72
(J. Murphy): Flor. N.-£.
A casual.
Lathyrus Nissolia Linn.
II. At the Waterworks, Cork: Herb. T. Chandlee.
A casual; native in South England.

ROSACEA.

Prunus domestica Linn.— Wild Plum.
Though recorded from Cork and other places, true P. domestica
Linn., with oblong fruit, is not seen wild in Ireland.
486 APPENDIX. [ Rosacee.

Spirea salicifolia Linn.

I. Between Ballinhassig and Kinsale; and—II. Near Blarney
Castle (Mr. Alexander): Flor, Cork.—V. Hedges near Dundrum :
Flor, Hib. —X. Abundant between Newtown Hamilton and Bally-
myre, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. By the Finn, a little above
Castle Finn, Donegal: Hart 2885 y.—X11. By Enagh Lough, and
by the Roe near Dungiven (Moore); and Hillsborough Park
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E. Near Ballynahinch and near Drumbo :
Flor, Uist.

A native of North America, North Asia, and Arctic Europe,
already established in some parts of Great Britain; either planted
or an escape in Ireland.

Fragaria elatior Ehrh.— Hautboy Strawberry.
Has been found in several stations such as Dunscombe’s wood,
Cork, and near Shane’s Castle, Antrim, usually near ruins and
always as a relic of cultivation.

Potentilla argentea Linn.
IV. On Sugar Loaf mountain, Co. Wicklow: Flor, Hib.
Not confirmed; no doubt an error.

Rosa stylosa Desv. var. sysryia (Bast.).
I. and II. Hedges at Evergreen (J. Drummond) ; many places about
Cork: Flor, Cork.—II. Rocks at Myrtle Hill, Cork (Carroll): Cyb.
Rosa pomifera Herm.
XII. In Shane’s Castle Park, Antrim: 8. ¢ P. 2895.
Rosa cinnamomea Linn.
II. In the park at Knocklofty, Clonmel (Z. Anderson): Cyb.—
V. Hedges on the east side of Woodlands demesne, Co. Dublin;
and—XIT. Near Clady, Co. Derry, naturalized: Flor. Hib.
Ogilvie’s demesne, Lower Cumber, but planted (Moore): Flor. N.-E.
All three of these Roses were no doubt planted in the above
stations ; the first named is perhaps semi-naturalized near Cork.

Rosa Dicksoni Lindl.
Said to have been found in Ireland by J. Drummond, but probably
sent from the Cork Botanic Garden: Flor. Hib., p. 95.

Pyrus communis Linn.— Wild Pear.
Il. On rocks below Fermoy (J. Drummond): Flor, Hib.—
XII. Hedge at Throne Mount near Belfast: Flor. Belf.
Planted in both stations.
Saxtfragee. | APPENDIX. 487

SAXIFRAGEAL.

Saxifraga Andrewsii Harvey—S. Guthriana Hort.
Thought to have been found at the head of Glen Caragh, Kerry,
but never confirmed. The plant is now considered to be a garden
hybrid of 8. wmbrosa with one of the Aizoon group of Saxifrages,
none of which is native in the British Isles. Described by W. H.
Harvey as a new British Saxifrage in London Journ. of Bot., Vol.
VIL, 1848, p. 571.

An error.

Saxifraga cespitosa Linn.

I. On a rock near the summit of Brandon mountain, 1805: Flor.
ib.— VIII. On Muckanaght, Twelve Bens, Connemara: Hart
1883 a.

It has been considered advisable to refer these plants to
S. grenlandica Linn., though not without hesitation, so subtle are
the distinctions between the protean forms of the hypnoid group of
Saxifrages (see y. 732).

Chrysosplenium alternifolium Linn.
I. Killarney (J. Barbour): Scvence Gossip, 1897, p. 109.—
X. Ballylast, Tyrone: Murphy 1829.—XII. Near Belfast (Zem-
pleton): Mack. Cat. Colin Glen (Zempleton): Flor. Ulst. Bally-
maghan Glen: Flor. Belf. By the river in Glendun, Antrim; and
naturalized on a ditch bank near the Botanic Garden, Belfast
(Moore): Cyb.

The above records are all errors.

Ribes Grossularia Linn.— Gooseberry.
V. By the Royal Canal below Clonsilla, Co. Dublin; . C.—
VII. Coosan Point, Lough Ree: B. & V. 2887.—VIII. South of
Lough Mask: IL § S. z896.—XI. By Lough Swilly between
Drumalla and Fort Royal; Hart.—XII. Rocky heath on Rathlin
Island (Stewart): Flor, N.-£.

Ribes rubrum Linn.— Red Currant.
I. or IL. *‘ Naturalized in some parts of the Co. Cork” (Drummond) :
Flor. Cork.—XII. Shores of Lough Neagh near Antrim (Moore):
Flor. N.-E. By the Roe near Limavady, Derry: Templeton US.

Ribes nigrum Linn.— Black Currant.
I. or IL. In the county Cork, in many places naturalized
(Drummond): Flor. Cork.—VI1. Moory ground near Castleconnell,
488 APPENDIX. [ Saxtfragee..

Limerick, where the seed had probably been carried by birds:
Flor, Hib.— XII. In different parts of Ulster: Flor. Uist.

The three preceding species occur occasionally as more or less.
obvious escapes from, or relics of, cultivation. None of them is
naturalized, though the Gooseberry sometimes appears in wild
looking stations.

CRASSULACEZ.

Sedum rupestre Linn.
I, Rosscarbery, Cork (Carroll): Allin’s Cork—on rocks here in
1891, and on old walls at Crosshaven and Douglas, 1897; Phdllips—
II. Rocks on Little Island; walls at Queenstown and Youghal
(Carroll): Cyb. Near Fermoy (Z. Chandiee); and at Midleton:
Allin’s Cork. Old walls at Eastferry, 1893; at Little Island and
Aghada, 1895, but nowhere fully established in Co. Cork; Phzllips.
About Clonmel (Z. Anderson): Cyb.—IV. An escape on walls at
Laragh, Co. Wicklow, 1888; WV. C.—V. Plentiful between Dun-
‘drum and Rathfarnham (Moore): Flor. Hib.—X. An escape near
Keady, Armagh: Praeger 1893.— XII. Near Shane’s Castle: For,
Uist. By the side of the Foyle near Ballykelly (Moore): Cyd.
In all cases derived from cultivation. Appears to be better
established in Cork than elsewhere in Ireland, and is not unlikely
to. become fully naturalized.

Sempervivum tectorum Linn.— Houseleck.
Occurs on cottage roofs throughout Ireland where it has long been
used as a charm against fire. Always obviously planted and
showing no tendency to spread.

LYTHRARIEZ,.
_ Lythrum Hyssopifolia Linn.
TV. Ballymadder, near Bannow, Co. Wexford (James Tardy):
Flor, Hib.

A plant not unlikely to occur in the South, but the above
record, the only one for Ireland, has never been confirmed, though
the plant has been searched for in 1870 by Mr. R. U. Barrington,.
and in 1882 by Mr. H. 0. Hart.

Probably a mistake or a casual only.

ONAGRARIEA,

Epilobium tetragonum Linn.—#. adnatum Griesbach.
V. By the roadside west of Carrickmines, Dublin (Prof. A.
Onagrariea. | APPENDIX. 489

Dickson): Rec, Add.—XII. Near Hollywood, Down (Praeger):
Flor, N.-E.

The Carrickmines specimen preserved in the Glasnevin Her-
barium is too imperfect to be named with certainty, and is probably
E. obscurum rather than tetragonum. The Hollywood plant can
only be considered a casual, and the references to this species in
the earlier authorities, such as Jr, Flor., Flor. Hib., and Flor. Cork,
must be transferred to £. obscurum.

Epilobium Lamyi F. Schultz.
I. or II. This is recorded by Mr. Arthur Bennett (Trans. Bot. Soc.
Edin. 7887, p. 49) a8 found in Co. Cork, by T. Allin, and named
by Haussknecht. The precise locality, however, is not given, and
it seems best to treat this plant as a casual until some more definite
record and particulars are given.

Cnothera biennis Linn.—Zvening Primrose.
VY. Sparingly at Portmarnock (Barrington): Moore & More 1878.
Railway banks near Howth, 1895-98 ; Miss Mahaffy— XII. Shore
of Lough Neagh at Massareene Park: Flor. WV.-E.
A garden escape in these as in many other Irish stations.

CUCURBITACEZ.
Bryonia dioica Jacq.

II. Lismore 1803 (R. Davis): Herb. Grubb. On an old fence in
the glebe at the Rectory, Tramore (Rev. J. Cooke): Cyb.—III. “It
was brought to me from Catherlough, or as we pronounce it
Carlow”: Threlkeld —IV. Hedges by the roadside near Westaston
near Wicklow; F. Moore.—V. Near the Bailey Lighthouse, Howth,
1894; Miss A. Kinahan.

Planted or an escape.

UMBELLIFERA.
Eryngium campestre Linn.
II. Sandy field near Lismore, Waterford (Drummond): Flor. Hib.
A casual, not recently seen in Ireland.

Trinia vulgaris DC.
V. Near the church at Athboy, Meath: Wade Dubl.
An error; the plant observed was perhaps some form of Pimpi-
nella Sawifraga.
490 APPENDIX. [ Umbeliifere.

Ammi majus Linn.
V. Portmarnock sands, 1821: Mack. Cat.—seen here for several
years in succession by Mr. John Bain.

A casually introduced plant of Southern Europe, which has
long since disappeared.

Petroselinum sativum Hofim.— Corum Petroselinum Benth—
Parsley.

I. Ardfert; Abbeydorney ruins, &c., Kerry: R.W. S. 2889. On
rocks by the river side above and below Cork; on an old castle
near Inchigeela; near Timoleague; and—II. Carrignavar, in a
naturalized state: Drummond z8z8. Rocks on Little Island and
Haulbowline Island: Flor. Cork. Ballyhooley Castle, Fermoy
(J. Chandlee): Cyb.—V. On the walls of the ruined church at
Ballyboghil, Co. Dublin, 1894; WV. C.—VI. On walls at St. Mary’s
Church, Limerick (Carroll): Cyb. Castle ruins at Askeaton, Co.
Limerick, 1897; Rev. C. H. Waddell X. On Crum Castle, Lough
Erne: Barrington 1884.—XI. Rathmullan Abbey, Donegal;
Hart.—XII. On the walls of Londonderry (Moore): Cyb. Old
castle walls at Ringhaddy, Down (Praeger): 8S. §P. 1895.

In all cases an escape from cultivation. Long established on many
ruins throughout Ireland, but showing little tendency to spread.

Anthriscus Cerefolium Hoffm.—Cherophyllum satiwwum Gaertn.
— Chervil. t
Occurs occasionally as an escape from cultivation, but is nowhere
permanent.

Carum Carui Linn.— Caraway.
TV. On the railway near Kilcool, Wicklow, in some plenty, 1876 ;
More.—V. Fields near Kilmainham, &.: Flor. Hib.—VII. Railway
ballast pit at Lough Kinale, Longford; Praeger—X. Common on
the railway south of Bessbrook, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. At
Carrablagh, introduced: Hart 1879.—XII. About the ruins of
Grey Abbey, Down: Jr. Flor.
Not infrequent as an introduction, and perhaps becoming
naturalized in the Armagh station.

Silaus pratensis Bess.—S¢laus flavescens Bernh.
XII. By the Foyle above Londonderry (Moore): Cyb. Near Bally-
robin, Antrim (Orr): Flor. Ulst.
The first record seems to have been an error; in the second the
authority is not considered sufficient.
Ombellifere. | APPENDIX. 491

Meum Athamanticum Jacq.—Baldmoney. ;
XII. Recorded by Templeton as plentiful on the lawn at Maryville
in Malone, 1818, and on the lawn at Cranmore, “ probably lately
introduced.”
A casual, not seen recently.

Peucedanum Ostruthium Koch—Lasterwort.
II. Near Lismore and Tallow on the hill of Slatwood: Smith's
Waterford.—VI1. Salt marshes by the Fergus near Ballinacally,
Clare; P. B. 0’ Kelly.—X. Roadside near Drumakilly, Co. Tyrone ;
Rev. T. Warren. Near Lough Gullion; Ballymyre, Camlough, and
Jonesborough, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XII. Old hedges on the
townland of Ballydolaghan, Co. Down, apparently wild (ir.
Campbell): Flor. Hib. Ballintoy, Antrim: Cyb. Near Cushendall,
1872 (Rev. S.A. Brenan); near Cookstown, 1884 (W. Macmillan) :
Flor. N.-E. Abundant in a meadow at Cave Hill, 1886, but now
disappeared (Stewart): Flor. N.-E. and S. g& P. 1895. Near
Downhill, Derry (Mrs. Leebody): S. & P. 1895.
Introduced in all its stations and hardly established in any.

Coriandrum sativum Linn.— Coriander.
V. On the strand between Clontarf and Howth: Wade Rar.—
XII. Waste ground at Malone, Belfast (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
A casual, not seen recently.

Daucus gummifer Lamk.
Recorded from near Hollywood, Co. Down (Millen): Flor, Uist. ;
and stated in Cyd. to occur on many parts of the coast, but no
authenticated Irish records are known for this critical plant.

Torilis infesta Spreng.— Caucalis arvensis Huds.
I. or IL. Near Cork (Rev. Dr. Hincks): Flor. Cork.—XII. Near
Comber: Flor. Belf.
Errors.

CAPRIFOLIACEZ.

Viburnum Lantana Linn.— Wayfaring Tree.
Occasionally seen in shrubberies and hedges, but only where planted.
The Cave Hill plant of Orr and Thompson (F%or. Uist.) was
V. Opulus (see Flor. V.-£.).

Lonicera Xylosteum Linn.
III. In a copse on Kippard Mountain, near Mountmellick, Queen’s
492 APPENDIX. [ Caprifoliacee.

Co.; Nat. His. Rev. 1857, p. 227.—XI. Wood at Buncrana and at
Brown Hall near Donegal ; Hart—XII. Walls at Bellahill : Flor.

Uist.
An introduced shrubbery plant, nowhere naturalized.

VALERIANEA.

Valeriana pyrenaica Linn.
XII. Near Antrim, 1885 (Rev. W. S. Smith): Flor. N.-L.
‘An introduced shrubbery plant of Southern France and Spain
already naturalized in Great Britain.

Valerianella carinata Loisel.— Cornsalad.
XII. Ditch banks on the main road east of Dundonald, and abun-
dant on a by-road leading thence to Hollywood Hills, Co. Down,
1871 (Stewart): Rec. Add. §& Flor. N.-H. Steadily increasing
here (Praeger): S.& P. 2895.
A colonist, becoming naturalized at Dundonald.

COMPOSITAL.

Aster (levis Linn ?] :
I. Established on the banks of a river near Headford bog, east of
Killarney, 1894; R.W.S.—III. Thoroughly established by the
Nore above Kilkenny, and again below Woodstock ; also—X. At
Glasslough, Co. Monaghan (Miss Young): Hart 18858. —
XI. Established by the Bundrowes river near Bundoran: Hart
1885 y.

Mr. Hart is inclined to refer his plant to the North American 4.
levis, and perhaps all the stations here given belong to the same.
Though of undoubted garden origin it seems thoroughly established
and must have been introduced at no recent date.

Antennaria margaritacea R. Br.
I. Cloghreen, Killarney: Wade Rar. Near Milltown, Kerry : Mack.
far, Near Bandon (Drummond); Cape Clear Island (R. W.
Townsend); and—II. Clonmult, Barrymore: lor. Cork.—
III. Ditch bank between Cullenagh and Stradbally: Hack.
Rar.—XI. By roadside between Gartan and Kilmacrenan,
Donegal: Hart r88o.

Other localities might be quoted, but in all cases the plant is of
garden origin and not permanent in its stations.
Composite. | APPENDIX. 493

Gnaphalium luteo-album Linn.
XII. At Lambeg: Flor. Ulst. Belfast (P. Thompson) ;, and at
Malone (D. Orr): Cyb.
Authorities insufficient, and in any case only a casual or garden
escape.

Pulicaria vulgaris Geertn.
I. Cromane, Kerry (Herb. J. Reilly): Barrington in Journ. of Bot.
1877.

Mr. John Reilly, who was a coastguandsman, appears to have
formed a collection of plants whilst living at various stations around
the coast. .His collection, now in the possession of Mr. R. M.
Barrington, contains a specimen of this species correctly named from
the above locality. The plant, however, has not been re-discovered
there, though sought for, and as there is no other record for Ireland
it must be regarded as a casual only.

Xanthium Strumarium Linn.
I. Common in the barony of Traghticonnor near Listowel and other
places: Smth’s Kerry.—II. In a potato field at the Blarney cloth
factory: Flor. Cork.
The first record should no doubt be referred to Arctium minus ;
in the Blarney station the plant was merely a casual.

Achillea tomentosa Linn.
XII. Near Newcastle, Co. Down (Miss Ball): Ann. of Nat.
Hist. 2839. Said also to have been received from Ireland by Sir
James Smith: Flor. Hib.
A garden plant from Southern Europe ; an escape and not seen
recently.

Anacyclus radiatus Loisel.
I. or II. Ballast heaps, Cork: Hooker Students Fl. 2884. At
Dunboy, Berehaven (W. Wilson): Allin’s Cork.—V. Gravel pit
near Clontarf, Dublin (Praeger): Ir. Nat. 1893.
A casual, native in Southern Europe.

Anthemis arvensis Linn.
I. Bearhaven: Babington in Herb.—IV. Near Greystones, Wicklow,
introduced: Praeger 1897.—V. Plentiful in sandy cultivated ground
at Portmarnock, 1869 (Moore): Rec, Add, At Warren House and
about Howth village: For. Howth. Lyons, Co. Dublin (7. Chandlee);
and plentiful in a field at Baybush, Straffan, Kildare (J. Douglas) :
494 APPENDIX. _ Composite.

Cyb.—XII. Sandy fields at Ballykinler, Co. Down (Praeger): 8. §
P. 1895.

Also occurs frequently as a casual, but appears to be nowhere
fully established. The plant is so often confounded with 4. Cotula
that many of the older records must be dismissed as untrustworthy.

Chrysanthemum Parthenium Pers.—Feverfew.
I. Between Bantry and Glengariff; Glandore; Castletownsend :
Allin’s Cork.—II. Near Whitepoint; Eastferry, &c.: lor. Cork.—
V. Roadsides between the Naul and Baymere, Meath; on the
commons at Whitewater Bridge, Louth: Jr. Flor. Near Balrothery
and the Bog of the Ring, Co. Dublin, 1894; W.C.—X. Portadown
and Newry, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. Established on the
bridge at Belleek; Hart.—XII. Abundant in a freestone quarry
near Moneymore, Derry: Moore MS. Frequent in waste places in
N.-E., Ireland: Jor. N.-£.

Occurs frequently as an escape from cottage gardens, but does
not appear to have anywhere thoroughly established itself in wild
localities.

Matricaria discoidea DC.

V. Roadside by the Rathmines waterworks, Glenasmole; waste
ground at Lispopple cross-roads; abundant on the footpath of
Glenamuck road, Carrickmines, Dublin, 1894 (V.C.): Jr. Nat.
1894, p. 215. Spreading for half a mile along the roadside at
Carrickmines and freely reproducing itself by seed, 1895; &.W. 8. &
NV.C. Waste ground by a roadside at Howth, 1896 (Praeger): Ir.
Nat. 1896, p. 298.

A native of western North America which has spread rapidly
through the United States, and has long since fully established
itself in Germany and Scandinavia. So far, it is apparently confined
in Ireland to county Dublin, but is not unlikely to become fully
naturalized in the country.

Artemisia campestris Linn.
I. In a field near Castle Island: Smith’s Kerry. XII. At the foot
of the Milewater near Belfast (W. Millen): Flor. N.-E. :
The first record was an error, in the second the plant was a
casual.

Artemisia Stelleriana Bess.
V. Naturalized in a thoroughly wild station among sandhills on
the North Bull, Dublin Bay, 1891 (Mss A. G. Kinahan): and
Composite. | APPENDIX. 495

again close by this station in greater abundance, 1892 (C. B. Moffat):
Journ. of Bot. 1894, pp. 22 & tog. Spreading on the North Bull in
1898; WV.C.

A native of Kamtschatka frequently cultivated in gardens in
Europe and North America and reported from sandhill stations in
Scandinavia and in Rhode Island U.S. On the North Bull, where
it grows freely in association with Psamma arenaria over a con-
siderable space and looks quite wild, the plant is undoubtedly derived
from cultivation on the adjacent mainland, a mile distant.

Petasites albus Gaertn.
XII. Shady bank at Ballymenock near Hollywood, Down (Praeger) :
Flor. N.-E.
A garden escape or outcast.

Doronicum Pardalianches Linn.—Leopard’s Bane.
VII. Killynon, Westmeath, well established (Miss FE. Reynell) :
Levinge 1894.—X. Naturalized near Tynan, Armagh: Praeger
7893.—XII. Ballymacash: Phytol. O. S., Vol.V. Near Ballylesson ;
by Drumbo Church; and near Broughshane (Stewart); Beech Hill
near Antrim (Rev. W. 8. Smith): Flor. N.-E.
Garden escapes.

Cineraria maritima Linn.— Senecio Cineraria DC.
V. Abundant and luxuriant along the sea cliffs and drift banks for
a quarter of a mile west of Sorrento Point, Dalkey, Co. Dublin;
also spreading to adjacent walls, roadsides, railway banks, and
waste places, 1898; V.C.

A native of southern Europe, now so well established in the
peculiarly favourable station on Sorrento cliffs, as perhaps to deserve
full admission to the Irish flora. Sir Francis W. Brady informs us
that this vigorous settlement of a most interesting alien species
originated with a packet of seeds sown by him in his garden at
Sorrento Cottage, in or about the year 1875. At that time he
observed no trace of the plant on any part of the cliffs of which it
now forms so conspicuous an ornament, and having had ample
opportunity of watching its gradual increase, he has no hesitation
in attributing its extension east and west along the rocky coast
adjacent to his garden, solely to the agency of wind-borne seeds.
The extreme limits of the plant at present appear to be Sorrento
Point on the east and the South Vico bathing-place on the west.

Senecio saracenicus Linn.
I. Roadside near Bantry (Allin): Reo. Add. In a field near
496 APPENDIX. [ Composites

Goleen, Co. Cork, 1896; Phellips.—II. By the Suir below Cahir and
below Ardfinnan: Hart 2885 0.—VI. Near Corofin, Clare; and
Pallas, Galway: K’Hogh. At Cahiracon, Clare; P. B. O’ Kelly.—
X. Near Keady, Armagh: Praeger 1893.—XI. Established by the
river between Pettigoe and Lough Erne: Hart 1885 y.— XII. By
a stream near Cushendall coastguard station (Dr. J. S. Holden), &c. :
Flor. N.-£. Roadsides at Magilligan (Praeger) ; and near Culmore,
Derry (Urs. Leebody): 8. & P. 1895.

Derived from cultivation in all its stations, and does not appear
so far to have fully naturalized itself in any.

Centaurea solstitialis Linn.
II. Two plants in a meadow near Whitegate, Cork, 1896;
Phillips.—V. Sandy field at Portmarnock, 1821 (Dr. Charles
Croker): Mack. Cat. A single plant in a lucerne field near
Kilbarrack, 1862; Levinge.—VI. In ballast at Kilrush, Clare;
P. B. O Kelly.

A casual introduced with seed.

Picris hieracioides Linn.
I. or II. Near Cork (Drummond): Flor. Cork.—V. Portmarnock
sands, sparingly: Mack. Cat.
A casual not seen recently.

Crepis setosa Haller fi.
ITT. Field between Browne’s Hill and Carlow (2. Clayton Browne) :
Rec. Add.—v. Field between Drumleck and the Needles, Howth
(Miss Mahaffy): Ir. Nat. 1895, p. 777.
Crepis niczensis Balb.
X. Sparingly on the railway near Armagh: Praeger 1893.
Casuals introduced with seed.

Crepis succisefolia Tausch—Hieracium molle Jacq.
I. Moist rocks on Magillicuddy’s Reeks and other mountains in
Kerry, 1805: Flor. Hib. Rocks near the river Sullane, Cork
(J. Drummond): Flor. Cork.—IV. Devil’s Glen, Wicklow: Flor.
ib.

Never confirmed, and no doubt an error in all cases.

Hieracium aurantiacum Linn.
I. Muckross, Killarney; R.W.S. On walks at Lissard, Skibbereen,
1890; Phallips.—VI. Moat lodge, Menlough, Galway ; R. Bayly.—
XI. On a wall near Ards House, Donegal (C. Moore): Cyb.—
Composite. | APPENDIX. 497

XII. On theruins of Portavo (Dr. H. Burden); and by the Belfast
waterworks (Stewart): Flor. N.-E.
An escape from cultivation.

Hypocheris glabra Linn.

I. Gravelly shore near the upper end of the bay of Castlemain; and
between Passage and Cove, 1804: Mack. Rar.—II. Limestone
rocks on Little Island, Cork, 1853 (J. Suddwan): Cyb.—ITII. Road-
sides near Kilkenny, 1805; and—V. Near Dublin (Dr. Stokes):
Mack. Rar.

Mackay’s earlier records in Mack. Rar. are not repeated in his
Flor. Hib. and were no doubt errors; in the Little Island station
the plant, perhaps, appeared as a casual,

Lactuca virosa Linn.
Recorded by Mackay in his Additions to the Plants of Ireland as
found between Blackrock and Kingstown.
An error, the plant preserved in Mackay’s Herb. belongs to
L. satiwa, the Garden Lettuce ( Cyé.).

Tragopogon porrifolius Linn.—Salsify.

I. Near Lixnaw, on the banks of the River Brick: Smith's
Kerry.—Il. Abundantly on Spike Island, Cork Harbour ( Carroll) :
Annot. in Flor. Cork. Cusquinny, Great Island, Cork (Dr. Scott):
Flor. Cork. Yn a shrubbery at Cork Beg, 1895; Phillips.—
XII. Railway banks at Sydenham: Flor. Belf. Abundant on
railway banks from Whitehouse to Macedon, 1873 (Stewart); in
plenty at Knock station, 1880 (Corry); at Marino, 1886 (Praeger) :
Flor. N.-E. Still abundant at Macedon, Sydenham, and Knock,
and has spread to the railway bank at Kinnegar, Holywood, where
it has been abundant for the last two years (Praeger): S.& P. 2895.

Perhaps naturalized on railways about Belfast, but not recently
seen in Kerry.

CAMUPANULACELL.

Campanula latifolia Linn.— Giant Bell-flower.

III. or IV. Woods by the river Barrow above New Ross: Mack.
Cat.— XI. Two plants by the Letter river near Pettigoe; Hart.—
XII. Abundant in the woods of Gilhall, 1883 (C. Dickson): Flor.
NV.-E.

Mackay’s plant was almost certainly C. Zrachelium; an escape
in XL, planted in XII. .

25
498 APPENDIX. [ Campanulacee.

Campanula rapunculoides Linn.
III. By the river Bregagh near Kilkenny, 1860-94 ; J. G. Robertson.
—V. Well established for about 100 yards along a roadside bank
8.W. of Rush, Co. Dublin, 1893: N.C. 2895.—X. Roadside near
Dungannon, Tyrone (Miss Knowles): Ir. Nat. 1897.—XII. In
sandhills near Newcastle station, Down, 1871 (Stewart): Rec. Add.
—-still there in 1891, and in fields near Rostrevor, Down: S. § P.
1892. In a sandpit near Broughshane and near Kilrea (Praeger):

S. & P. 1895.
A garden outcast or escape, apparently becoming naturalized.

Campanula Rapunculus Linn.—Rampion.
XII. Banks by the old Lisburn road near Ballydrain: Mor. Ulst.
A casual, not since recorded.

Campanula patula Linn.
III. Roadside bank near Ballycallan Church, Kilkenny, 1861-62
(Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.
A garden outcast or escape.

Specularia hybrida A. DC.
I. Ina field near Monkstown: Flor. Cork.—V. Several plants in a
wheat-field by the Howth line near Baldoyle, Co. Dublin (4.C.):
Ir, Nat. 1892, p. 144.
A casual, interesting as spreading in the east of England.

ERICACELZL.

Erica ciliaris Linn.

VIII. ‘Found by Mr. J. F. Bergin at Craigamore between Clifden
and Roundstone on the 14th September, 1846’: Mackay 7859. In
some quantity on Craigamore in 1852 (Professor Balfour): Phytol.
1853, p.zoo7. A correctly named specimen in the Herbarium of
Trinity College, Dublin, is thus labelled: ‘‘ Part of the original
specimen gathered by me on Monday, the 14th September, 1846,
between Clifden and Roundstone, I think the particular locality is
called Craiga-a-more. The species was determined first by William
Mec Alla, and confirmed by Mr. Mackay, to whom I have much
pleasure in presenting this specimen; J. F. Bergin, 10th October,
1846.”

Every effort to verify these definite records has ended in dis-
appointment. The country around Craigga More has been carefully
examined by Professor Babington, by Dr. David Moore, by A. G.
Ericacee. | APPENDIX. 499

More, and, finally, by Professor Balfour himself, without a trace of
the plant being discovered. If the two records, separated by an
interval of six years, and each of them supported by correctly named
specimens, be both erroneous, as they would seem to be, we can
only assume that Mr. Bergin was the victim of an imposition, and
that Professor Balfour’s specimens were somehow mislabelled in
the Edinburgh herbarium. Such a double assumption has no doubt
all the appearance of an ingenious device to explain away very
positive evidence, yet this evidence as it now stands is unquestionably
insufficient to justify the admission of Z. edlaris to the Irish flora.

Erica vagans Linn.— Cornish Heath.
II. Islet [error for Islandicane] on the coast of Waterford, near
Tramore: Hooker’s Brit. Flor. z8g2. On the cliffs in the townland
of Islandicane west of Tramore, Waterford; Dr. Burkitt, (fide the
late Dr. Ball): Cyb.
Never confirmed, though the locality has been carefully examined.

Erica stricta Andr.
North of Ireland, 1834 (Dr. Lloyd): Spee. in Herb. Hooker. This
is also cited in De Candolle’s Prodromus (see Britten in Journ. of
Bot., 1872, p. 25).
A Mediterranean species; the specimen was either mislabelled
or gathered in a garden.

Ledum palustre Linn.
Stated in Hooker’s Student’s Flora of the British Isles, Ed. LIZ.
p. 533, to have been reported for north-west Ireland, but never
confirmed.

We have not been able to trace the authority for this report,
which is undoubtedly an error, unless it refer to an intentional
introduction.

APOCYNACEZ.

Vinea major Linn.— Periwinkle,

Vinea minor Linn.—Lesser Periwinkle.
Both plants are of not infrequent occurrence in Ireland as garden
escapes or outcasts; the latter spreads occasionally to wild-looking
stations, and increases rapidly when planted in woods or shrubberies.

GENTIANEA.

Erythrea littoralis Fries.
V. Portmarnock sands: Mack. Cat—XII. Rocky ground below
2x2
500: APPENDIX. [ Gentianee.

Bangor: Zempleton US. Shore west of Groomsport (Mr. Millen) :

Flor, Ulst.
No doubt the plant gathered was in all cases a form of

E. Ccntaurium.

Limnanthemum peltatum S. P. Gmel.—Villarsia nymphe-
oides Vent.

I. In a drain near Vernonmount gate, Cork: 2lor. Cork.—II. In
a stream near Shanbally, Tipperary ; and—V. In the river Tolka
at Glasnevin: Cyb.—XII. Naturalized in the Lagan a little above
the Belfast Botanic Garden, and near Lurgan: Flor. Hid. In the
Lagan, and various parts of Lough Neagh: Jor. Uist. In the
Bog Meadows (#. Hanna): Flor. N.-£.

Planted in all cases.

POLEMONIACEA.

Polemonium ceruleum Linn.—Jacod’s Ladder.
I. In a meadow near Castleisland: Smith's Kerry.—II. Between
Cork and Ballygarvan: Flor. Cork. Along the north bank of the
Blackwater between Cappoquin and Lismore: Smith's Waterford.—
V. Knockmaroon hill near Dublin: flor. Hib.—XII. Near
Bellaghy, &c.: Flor. Uist.

Garden escapes or outcasts, nowhere established.

BORAGINELK.

Cynoglossum germanicum Jacq.—C. montanum Linn.
Y. Near Balbriggan or at Hampton (Dr. Scott): Mack. Cat. Again
near Balbriggan (2. Hewson): Cyd. Along a garden wall belong-
ing to the surveyor of Skerries: Spec. in Herb. Jones, Science &
Art Mus., Dublin.
A garden escape or outcast.

Symphytum tuberosum Linn.
I. About Ballyphehane House, and near Evergreen, Cork: Flor.
Cork.—V. By the Shanganagh river above Loughlinstown, Dublin,
1895; W. H. Bloomer—XI{. Plentiful in a wood at Clandeboye,
1887 (Rev. G. Robinson): Flor, N.-E.—quite naturalized here,
though probably of garden origin: S. §-P. 2895.
Often cultivated, and introduced in all of its stations.

Borago officinalis Linn.— Borage.
Occurs not infrequently about ruins, old gardens, rubbish heaps,
Boraginee. | APPENDIX. 501

&c., throughout Ireland, but always sparingly and only as an
escape from, or relic of, cultivation.

Anchusa officinalis Linn.

TV. In sandy wastes at Rosslare Point, Wexford: Hart 1883 B.
An alien, probably introduced with ballast.

Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm.
II. A single plant in a shrubbery at Castle Widenham, Castletown-
roche, Cork, 1897; Phelliys——XII. Cave Hill, &c. (Zempleton) ;
Wolfhill (Thompson) : Flor. Uist.
Further information is desirable before admitting this to the
Irish Flora; the records for Dist. XII. are no doubt referable to
the form umbrosa Bab. of IL. arvensis.

CONVOLVULACEZ.

Cuscuta Epilinum Weihe—/lax Dodder.
Occurs sporadically in flax in many parts of Ireland, but is growing
rare with the decline in the cultivation of that crop.

SOLANACEZL.

Lycium barbarum Linn.—7Zea plant.
IV. Established at Rosslare Point, Wexford: Hart 1883 B.—
VY. Thoroughly established in sandy ground, and by the roadside
between Greenfield and Sutton, Co. Dublin: Mor. Howth.—
XI. Established by the Bundrowes river near Bundoran: Hart
1885 y.

A North African and Mediterranean species often cultivated in
cottage gardens and tending to become naturalized on sandy shores
in Ireland as it has already done in England.

Atropa Belladonna Linn.— Deadly Nightshade.

ITI. Abundantly by the brook-side where an old monastery stood
at Stradbally, Queen’s Co.: Wade Rar. and (TZ. Chandlee): Cyb.
Among ruins at Kells, Kilkenny (P. Duffy): Cyb.—XI. Abundantly
in an exposed rocky place above tide-mark on the south side of
Gweebarra Bay, east of Iniskeel, Does remote from any ruin or
dwelling: Hart 1886.

Also recorded from Districts I. V. VI. and XII., but the fore-
going stations are the only ones in which this relic of cultivation
has been found in wild-looking localities.
502 APPENDIX. [ Solanaceae.

Datura Stramonium Linn.— Zhorn-apple.
Recorded in Flor. Hib. as growing occasionally in waste ground
near towns, having been much used at one time as an asthma cure,
also in Wade Rar. as growing abundantly by the river Lions,
King’s Co.
An escape from cultivation, now extinct.

SCROPHULARINE.

Verbascum nigrum Linn.
II. Suir Island, Clonmel (Miss Grubb): Cyd.
A casual.

Verbascum virgatum Stokes.
I, Near Kenmare: Mack Rar.—but not seen recently. In an old
quarry near Blackrock, and on a wall near Goleen, Cork, 1896 ;
Phillips —I1. Cusquinny (7. Wright): Cyb. Nearly a hundred
plants in two large meadows at Little Island, Cork, 1897; Phelleps
§ R.W.S.—IX. One plant near Ballybrine wood, Cong, Mayo,
1896; Miss M. F. Jackson.
An alien becoming established at Little Island, Cork.

Verbascum Blattaria Linn.— Moth Mullein.

I. By the old town wall of Bandon, 1858 (J. Sullwan): Annot. in
Flor, Cork. In a pasture field opposite Monkstown (Carroll) :
Cyb.—II. Abundant on rubbish and about quarries at Queenstown
(J. Sullivan): Cyb. Near Cloyne: Allin’s Cork. One plant at
Little Island, 1892, and plentiful in waste ground at Muskerry
railway terminus, 1895; Phillips. Ballydine, Tipperary (Diss S.
Grubb); Clonmel (C. Jacob): Cyb. Waste ground at the Water-
ford-Tramore terminus: B. H. & G. z889.—IV. On rough stony
ground a little north of Wicklow (More): Ree. Add.

An alien recurring frequently about Cork, but uncertain in its
appearances and not sufficiently established to justify its admission
to the Irish Flora.

Erinus alpinus Linn.
I. Introduced and spreading on an old garden wall at Douglas,
Cork: <Allin’s Cork, 1883. Spreading rapidly at Blackrock;
Douglas; and Victoria Cross in the suburbs of Cork City, and
appearing as well established as Linaria Cymbalaria, 1895; on old
walls near Crosshaven, 1897; Phillips.—II. Waste ground near
the shore at Queenstown, 1892; V.C. Quite established between
Serophularinee. | APPENDIX. 503

Golden and Cashel, Tipperary, 1883, though clearly a garden
escape; Greenwood Pim.—XII. Growing freely on the wall of
Downpatrick Gaol, 1890 (Praeger): B. NV. F.C. Proc. 1892-93.

A sub-alpine species of Southern Europe often cultivated in
gardens, and already established in north England. Not unlikely
to become fully naturalized in south Ireland.

Antirrhinum majus Linn.— Snap-dragon.

I. Old walls at Blackrock: Flor. Cork 1845. At Blackrock,
1896, and at Bandon, 1891; Pheliips—II. At Sunday’s Well:
Flor, Cork. At Cork. 1896; Youghal, 1895, &c.; Phdllips.—
VY. Garden walls about Dublin, noticed by Threlkeld as early as
1727. Old walls at Mellifont Abbey, Louth; and—XII. Ruins
of Grey Abbey, Down: Jr. Flor. Perhaps naturalized on old walls
in the North-East: Flor. N.-£.

An escape from cultivation, long persistent in many stations, but
always occurring close to gardens.

Scrophularia Scorodonia Linn.

I. On the sea-coast near the Magherie Islands in Tralee Bay:
Smith's Kerry. Marshes near Tralee as stated by Smith in his
History of Kerry: Flor. Hib—XII. Cave Hill and Crawfordsburn :
Flor. Uist.

Never confirmed, though not unlikely to occur in south-west
Ireland as it does in south-west England. In both Kerry and
Antrim the plant observed was no doubt S. aquatica.

Veronica triphyllos Linn.
V. Strand near Sandymount (Dr. Scott): Mack. Cat. Between
Dublin and Merrion by the roadside: Zr. F7.
Not confirmed, probably a form of V. hederifolia was mistaken
for it.

LABIATA.

Mentha alopecuroides Hull.
XII. Stream by roadside at Saul, Down (Rev. C. H. Waddell) :
Watson B. Ex. C. Rep. 1893. .
Escaped from cultivation.

Mentha sylvestris Linn.—W. longifolia Huds.—Horsemint.
I. By the stream below Cahirdaniel, Darrynane, Kerry, 1889-96 ;
R.W.S. Roadside near Timoleague: Allin’s Cork.—V. Plentiful
504 APPENDIX. [ Labiata.

on banks by an old quarry at Sutton, Co. Dublin: Flor. Howth. By
the Dodder near Rathfarnham, Co. Dublin, 1893; J. C.
In all cases derived from cultivation.

Mentha viridis Linn.— Spear-mint.
VII. On the edge of a bog between Robertstown and Phillipstown,
King’s Co. : Ir. Flor. Naturalized by the river Gaine, Knock Drin,
Westmeath: Levinge 1894.—XI. On the left bank of the Finn
above Liscooly bridge, thoroughly established apart from cultiva-
tion: Hart 1885 y.—XII. Waste ground at Ballygowan: Flor.
Belf. Stream by the roadside at Saul, Co. Down (Rev. C. H.
Waddell): 8. & P. 1895.
An escape from cultivation.

Mentha Requieni Benth.— Thymus corsicus Viv.— Corsican Mint.
I. Abundant in the street of Castletownsend, Cork (Rev. 7. Allin):
Ree. Add. Abundant on roadsides at Castletownsend, 1883;
W.F. de V. Kane. Still abundant here in 1897; Phillps. Near
the back wall of Bantry demesne, far from any garden (Carroll) :
Spec. in Herb. Queen’s College, Cork. On old walks and pavements
in Bantry demesne, 1892; and in similar habitats in Castlefreke
demesne, 1891, freely in both places; Phelleps.
A native of Corsica and Sardinia escaped from cultivation and
apparently becoming naturalized in South Cork.

Calamintha Clinopodium Spenn. — Clinopodium vulgare
Linn.— Wild Basil.
I. On several of the islands in the Lower Lake, Killarney, and by
the side of the road near Kenmare: Mack. Rar. Only seen on one
limestone knoll near the Muckross lake: &.W. 8. z8g0.—III. Tul-
latyne, Johnswell mountains ; and Inch, Kilkenny (Rev. S. Madden) :
Cyb.—IV. Near Arthurstown, close to the Hook, Wexford (Barrett-
Hamilton): Journ. of Bot. 1887, p. 348. A patch near Kilmanock,
observed some years and spreading; and another patch near Tintern,
Wexford: B.-H. §& G. 1889.—V. A few patches by the roadside
near a farm-house at Portersize, Kildare, 1892; 7. Chandlee.—
XI. Sparingly on the west bank of the Foyle near Londonderry
(Moore): Cyd.
An intreduced plant, as yet hardly established in a wild state.
Calamintha Nepeta Savi—C. parviflora Lamk.
I. Near Killarney (Babington): Cyb. About Glandore (R. W.
Townsend): Flor. Cork.
Errors.
Labiate. | APPENDIX. 505

Melissa officinalis Linn.
I. Strand at Carrigaline: Flor. Cork. Limestone rocks at Ringa-
skiddy: Cyb.—II. Near the rope-walk, Sunday’s Well, and near
Belvelly Castle, Great Island: Flor. Cork.—X. Near a garden on
Trasna Island, Lough Erne: Barrington 1884.
A garden escape, not established.

Leonurus Cardiaca Linn.
I. Near Carrigaline; and—II. on Great Island; between Foata
and Cork: Flor, Cork.—V. Under a wall at Roper’s-rest, Dublin :
Thretheld,

An escape, not seen recently.

Teucrium Chamedrys Linn.
II. On the Cork Fair-field, 1840: Flor. Cork.—still there in 1897;
J. Noonan § Phillips.—V. Borders of fields at Greenhills, on the
road leading to Tallaght, Co. Dublin: Wade Rar.—not seen recently.
On walls near the river at Trim, Co. Meath; A. Balfe.
An introduction, clinging tenaciously to its Cork station.

PLANTAGINEA.

Plantago argentea Linn.
A plant of Southern Europe recorded in Hooker’s Student's Flora,
Ed. IT. p. 533, as occurring casually in Ireland; but no authority
or locality is given nor have we been able to discover any.

ILLECEBRACELZE.

Corrigiola littoralis Linn.
VY. On the Sutton side of Howth: Wade Rar.
Never confirmed; the plant observed was probably a form of
Polygonum aviculare.

CHENOPODIACEZ.

Chenopodium polyspermum Linn.
II, Lakelands, Cork (Dr. Hincks): Flor. Cork.—vV. In sea-marshes
near the North Wall: Wade Dubl—XII. Cultivated ground at
Hollywood, Sydenham, and Knock: or. Belf.

Not seen recently. Perhaps a casual at Cork, errors in districts

V. and XII.

Chenopodium Vulvaria Linn.—C. olidum Curtis.
I. or II. In the county of Cork; but no station given (Drummond):
Flor. Cork.—II. Tramore, Waterford (Rev. S. Madden): Cyb.—
506 APPENDIX. [ Chenopodiaceae. .

V. Atthe North Wall, a little before you come to Ballybough Bridge
(ir. Moldon): Templeton MS. Found on the Strand Road leading
from the Custom House to Annesley Bridge, several years back
(Dr. Scott): Mack. Rar. 1806. Sparingly near Sandymount; not
found lately: Mack. Cat. 7825. Growing along the wall at St.
Mark’s Church: Jr. Flor. 1833.—XII. In the neighbourhood of
Belfast (Zempleton): Flor. Uist.

An escape, long extinct ; formerly cultivated as a medicinal herb.

Chenopodium ficifolium Smith.
II. Near Timoleague (Drummond): Flor. Cork.—V. About Glas-
nevin: Zr. Flor. Drumcondra; Raheny, &.: J. White US. Banks
of Grand Canal, near the tenth lock, specimen immature ( 7. Chandlee):
Cyb.— XII. Near Belfast, sparingly (D. Orr): Cyd.
Not confirmed. The records are probably all errors.
Chenopodium murale Linn.
I. Near Iniscara (Carroll): Allin’s Cork.—V. On the commons at
Howth; wayside going to Clontarf: Zr. Flor. Frequent near
Dublin: Flor. Hib. Near the Chapel and on the Burrow, Howth:
Ir, Nat. 1895. Near Portobello (More): Cyb. At Rathfarnham ;
Praeger. South Lotts; R.W.S. Roadside at Old Court, foot of
Montpelier, Dublin: 4.0. 2895.—XII. By the Lisburn road
(Thompson): Flor. Ulst.
A casual; formerly frequent about Dublin, but now quite rare.

Chenopodium hybridum Linn.

XII. On the ruins of a cottage near the Lisburn road, Belfast:
Flor. Uist.

A casual, if not an error.

Chenopodium urbicum Linn.
V. About Wellesley Chapel, Dublin: Zr. Flor. In the College
Park, and other places about Dublin: Flor. Hib. Once found at
Milltown (Carroll); and on a mud wall at the top of Dominick St.
(Moore): Cyb. Frequent by roadsides and ditch-banks: Wade
Dubl— XII. At the junction of the roads to Carrickfergus and
Templepatrick, and on Belfast dung-hills, 1807 : Templeton US.

Not confirmed, and probably all the records are founded on
erroneous identification.

Atriplex pedunculata Linn.

VIIT. Salt marshes, Cushtrower Bay near Ballinahinch, Connemara:
Wade Gallovid.

Not confirmed.
Chenopodiaceae. | APPENDIX. 507

Salicornia radicans Smith.
I. Dunbeacon, Carbery (R. W. Townsend) ; not confirmed : Flor. Cork.
—V. Seashore, Howth: Spec. in Herb. Mackay.—XII. Strand at
Narrow Water below Newry: Mack. Cat. Hollywood and Cherry-
valley near Comber: Flor. Belf.

Not confirmed for any of the stations. Mackay’s specimen,
though correctly named, is of little authority as regards the locality ;
and the records for Districts I. and XII. should no doubt be referred
to the Var. procumsens of S. herbacea.

Polygonum maritimum Linn.
II. Ballycotton; Ringpoint, Youghal; and on the Cunnegar of
Dungarvan, Co. Waterford: Flor. Cork.—XII.. Hollywood shore:
Flor. Uist.
Errors, the plant gathered was probably P. Rati or a form of
P. wiculare.

Fagopyrum esculentum Mcench—Buchkwheat.
Occurs occasionally about field borders or among crops as a casual
introduction or escape from cultivation, but is nowhere established.

Rumex palustris Smith—2. limosus Thuill.
II. Marshy ground near Youghal (Drummond) : Yack. Cat. Bogs
near Ballycotton: Flor. Cork.—V. Marshes at Howth: Wade Rar.
—XII. Portmore and by the Bann at Por tglenone : Templeton US.
Between Portstewart and Portrush (Dr. Moore): Flor. Uist.
Errors.

Rumex scutatus Linn.— French Sorrel.
VI. On an old wall near Lisdoonvarna, 1896; P. B. O’ Kelly.
An escape from an ancient kitchen-garden.

ELEAGNACEA.

Hippophe rhamnoides Linn.—Sea Buckthorn.

IV. Thoroughly established on the sandhills at Kiltennel, north of
Courtown, Wexford, where it was planted about 1842 (Miss Farmer):
Rec. Add. Extending here for about three-quarters of a mile, in
some places forming impervious thickets: Hart z88za. Two large
patches on the cliffs near Ardmine Church, Wexford, 1897:
Marshall 1898.—V. Planted. at Rush, Co. Dublin: Rec. Add.
Apparently spreading on the Rush sandhills, 1893; W.C.

Its standing on the Wexford coast almost entitles this plant to
a place in the Irish flora.
508 APPENDIX. [ Loranthacee.

LORANTHACELZ.

Viscum album Linn.— Mistletoe.
V. Found on a crab tree at Island Bridge: Rutty’s Dublin, 1772.
‘¢ Grows on an old apple tree in the physicians garden of the Old
Man’s Hospital, Kilmainham. By what I could learn, the apple
tree on which it grows was brought from England”: Wade Rar.—
IX. ‘In Betulis, Castle-mac-Garrett, tantum”’: Brown Fasciculus,
r788.

: Nowhere native in Ireland and extremely rare as a casual
introduction. In the Castle-mac-Garrett station, Co. Mayo, it is
probable that Brown mistook for mistletoe the bushy, nest-like
excrescence 80 frequent on the birch. Dr. Molyneux, in Threlkeld’s
Synopsis, 1727, states that he could never meet with the mistletoe
in Ireland.

EUPHORBIACE..

Euphorbia Cyparissias Linn.
VII. In a lane near Horse Leap, Clara, King’s Co. (Miss iv.
Goodbody): Ir. Nat. 1893, p. 250.—VII. In a plantation near
Derrynagease Point, Lough Ree, Co. Longford, introduced: B. &V.
7887.—XII. Crawfordsburn : Flor. Uist.

Euphorbia Lathyris Linn.— Caper Spurge.
XII. By the side of an old road near Carnmoney: Flor. Uist.
Introduced at Ballytweedy (Rev. W. S. Smith): Flor, N.-E.

Both species are in all cases planted or escaped from cultivation.

URTICACEZ,.

Ulmus suberosa Ehrh.— Common Elm.
Occurs in hedges and thickets throughout Ireland, but is very rarely
found in wild-looking stations and appears to be planted in all
cases.* According to Hooker (Student’s Flora, 3rd Ed., p. 362) this
species never seeds in Great Britain.

Urtica pilulifera Linn.
I. “Sent to me from Ballylickey by Miss Hutchins”: Mack. Cat.
At Glandore and Derry, Carbery (R. W. Townsend): Flor. Cork.—
V. By a ruined cottage on Howth Head: Journ. of Bot. 2891,
DP: 377.
A casual.
Salicinee. | APPENDIX. 509

SALICINEZ.

Salix decipiens Hoffim.—S. triandra x fragilis.
XII. Hedges near Newtown-Limavady (Moore): Cyd.

Salix undulata Ehrh.—sS. triandra x viminalis.
XII. Not rare near Coleraine, and by the side of the Roe in Derry ;
abundant near Ballymoney, Antrim (Moore): Cyb.

Salix Russeliana Smith—S. fragilis x alba.
XII. Near Kilkeel: Mack. Cat. Shane’s Castle, Antrim; and
near Dungiven, Derry (Moore): Cyd. —

Salix laurina Smith.—S. phylictfolda x caprea.
I. Near Carrigaline (Drummond): Flor. Cork.—XII. Sparingly
between Castle Dawson and Bellaghy, Derry; and on the shore of
Lough Neagh near Massarene Park, Antrim (Moore): Cyb.

None of these four willows can be accepted as native or even
fully established in wild stations in Ireland. In many of the
localities given above they were obviously planted; in others the
specimens were probably incorrectly named.

Salix acuminata Smith.
I. and II. Common near Cork: Flor. Cork.—IV. Frequent in
Wicklow: flor. Hib.— XII. By the Lagan near Belfast: Flor.
Uist.
Not confirmed, and the authorities are insufficient.

Salix procumbens Forbes.
IX. On the north side of Ben Bulben, Sligo, at 1500 ft. (Moore) :
Cyd.
An error; the plant gathered was S. phylicifolia.
Salix rubra Huds.—S. purpurea x viminalis.
Recorded from several stations in Districts I. II. XI. and XIL., in
all of which it was probably planted.

Populus alba Linn.— White poplar.

Populus nigra Linn.— Black poplar.
Both poplars are of frequent occurrence in Ireland in plantations
and near houses, but nowhere occur in a wild state.

CERATOPHYILEA.

Ceratophyllum submersum Linn.
VIII. Ballinahinch, &c., common in Connemara: Wade Gallovid.—
510 APPENDIX. [ Ceratophyllee.

XII. Ballinahinch Lake: Templeton US. Lake near Ballinahinch,
Co. Down, 1808 (Mackay §& Templeton): Flor. Hib.

The county Down plant was C. demersum. Wade’s Connemara
record has not been confirmed.

CONIFER.

Juniperus Sabina Linn.—Savin.
I. Found by an apothecary on one of the islands in Lough Lane,
Killarney: Dr. Molyneux, Philos. Trans., No. 227, 1697.—XII. On
Slieve Donard, Mourne mountains: Harris’s Down, 1744.
Errors. The plant gathered at Killarney was no doubt a form
of the common juniper; the Slieve Donard plant was either
Lycopodium alpinum or Juniperus nana, Willd.

Pinus sylvestris Linn.— Scotch Fur.

I. (?) ‘‘Found by Mr. Harrison in Ireland, who relates that the
two foregoing plants [the Spruce and the Silver Fir] were found in
the county of Kerry (where the arbutus grows) by a person of
good integrity and skill in the knowledge of plants”: Ray
Synopsis, 1696. ‘‘These trees have been much destroyed of late
years, for except a small shrub here and there among the rocks
there are none standing at present of any large size”: Smdth?s
Kerry, 1756.—V II. In the woods in the King’s Co. (Dr. Molyneux) :
Threlkeld. VIII. ‘“‘T found it scattered in a few places in Conne-
mara of a diminutive stunted growth, although apparently very
old: Wade Gallovid r80z. The trees observed by Wade were
probably yews, as after diligent search Mr. A. G. Kinahan has
failed to find any wild firs in Connemara: Cyd. ‘TI saw a solitary
tree at the foot of Nephin which I was told was the only remains
of the pine forest in that quarter”: Mack. Cat. 1825. There is
one large and old tree, supposed to be a last relic of the ancient
forests, still growing on an open bog near Crossmolina, at the head
of Lough Conn in Mayo; and this tree, which is probably the same
referred to by Mackay as growing near Nephin, has been lately
fenced in, and is carefully preserved by the Earl of Arran, who is
the owner of the land: Cys. 7866.—XII. In Waringstown in the
county of Down: Threlkeld.

There can be no doubt that the Scotch Fir was formerly native
and abundant in Ireland. Its roots and trunks are frequently dug
up from the bogs, and Professor Melville (Aemoirs Geolog. Survey,
Lreland, Nos. 175 § 176, p. 29) states that cones of both the Scotch
Contfere. | APPENDIX. 511

Fir and the Common Spruce were found buried in the bog at
Cappard. However, the absence, both from the spoken language
and from the place-names of Ireland, of any native name for the
tree would tend to prove that it had become quite rare if not
extinct in very early times. Whether the records given above
refer to relics of a former abundance, or merely to introductions,
must remain doubtful; but there is no reason to believe that any
indigenous Scotch fir now exists in Ireland.

ORCHIDEZ.

Cephalanthera pallens Rich.—C. grandiflora Bab.
I, Woods of Glengariff, Co. Cork (Dr. Hincks): Flor. Cork.—
XII. On a bog in the county of Antrim (Mr. Sherard): Threlkeld.
At Duneane near Antrim (Whitla): Flor. Uist.
Not confirmed ; errors.

Orchis hircina Scop.—Lizard Orchis.
VI. In shady thickets in the barony of Tullagh, Clare: Wade Rar.
Orchis ustulata Linn.
Il. A single plant at Clay Castle, Youghal (Drummond): Flor.
Cork.—V. Between Sandymount and Merrion: Wade Dubl.
Orchis purpurea Huds.— 0. fusca Jacq.
I. Summerstown bog near Cork (Drummond); and near Cork, but
no station given (Dr. Hincks): Flor. Cork.
None of the Irish records for the three foregoing species has had
any confirmation and no doubt all are errors.

IRIDEZL,

Iris tuberosa Linn.

I. On a ditch bank near the Botanic Garden, Cork: Flor. Hib.
At Evergreen near Cork, not even naturalized: Flor. Cork.

Garden outcasts or escapes.

Crocus vernus All.
IV. Plentiful near the old castle at Dunganstown, Wicklow: Flor.
ib,
A relic of cultivation.

AMARYVILIDEL.

Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus Linn.— Daffodil.
I. Near Carrigrohane and Pouladuff; and—II. Banks of the Lee
under Mount Desart: Flor. Cork.—III. In Castle Inch church-
512 APPENDIX. [Amaryllidee.

yard; at Domville; Kilmanagh and other places in Kilkenny (Rev.
S. Madden): Cyb.—V. Simmon’s Court, between Ball’s Bridge and
Merrion; Ballygall, &e.: Wade Dubl.

Narcissus major Curtis.
V. Fields near Templeogue, Co. Dublin: Mack. Cat. § Flor. Hib.

Narcissus poeticus Linn.
I. About Carrigrohane Castle and old abbeys occasionally: Flor.
Cork.—V. Rocky pastures near Killiney obelisk and wet meadows
near Newtown Park and Cabinteely: Wade Dubl.

These three species of Warcissus were no doubt planted in all of

the above stations.

Galanthus nivalis Linn.— Snowdrop.
IV. Established at St. John’s, Wexford; Miss EF. UM. Farmer.—
V. Banks of the Tolka, Dublin: 2. Flor.—VII. Established for at
least 60 years in the Yew Walk Wood at Knock Drin, Westmeath ;
Levinge.
Planted in all cases.

Leucojum estivum Linn.—Snow-fiake.

IV. Some sixty or eighty specimens in a swamp near the Slaney
river, a little north of Macmine Junction, Co. Wexford (Rev. £. 8.
Marshall): Ir. Nat. 1897, p. 279.

Considered by the finder to be native in Oxford, Berks, and
Kent, and equally so in the Wexford station. Our present knowledge
of the Irish distribution of this cultivated ornamental plant does not,
however, seem to justify its admission to the flora, even as a fully
naturalized species.

DIOSCOREZL.

Tamus communis Linn.— Black Bryony.
IX. On a bushy hill in Hazelwood demesne by Lough Gill, Sligo,
1866 (Dr. J. E, Little): Rec. Add, Slish wood, Lough Gill (Rev.
C. H. Waddell): Ir. Nat. 1892, p. 102.

Planted, but seems to be establishing itself about Lough Gill.

LILIA CEL,

Ruscus aculeatus Linn.—Butcher’s Broom.
I. Grows wald near Muckross and in the islands of Lough Lane:
Smith's Kerry, 7756—still in Muckross shrubberies, 1897 ; R. W. S.
Liliaceae. | APPENDIX. 518

Near Brinny, between Cork and Bandon: Smith’s Cork.—II. In
Dungourney Glen near. Midleton: Flor. Cork.

Planted, but has held its ground at Muckross for nearly 150
years.

Polygonatum multiflorum All.—Solomon’s Seal.
II. Ina grove at Blarney (D. Murray): Flor. Cork. Lota wood,
Glanmire, Cork, 1892-95, becoming naturalized; Phillips. —
VII. Donore, Lough Derevaragh, Westmeath; Levinge.
An escape, or planted.

Convallaria majalis Linn.— Lily of the Valley.
I. In the island of Inisfalen in Lough Lane, Killarney, and in the
woods round that lake: Smith’s Kerry. In one spot in Muckross
woods: &. W. S. 1890. Castle Bernard Park, near the river
Bandon: Smith's Cork.—II. In a wood by the side of the river
Collygan: Smith's Waterford.—IV. In a dell near the mouth of the
Courtown river, Wexford, 1881; G@. H. Kinahan.—IX. In a wood’
at Chaffpool near Ballymoate, Sligo: For. Hib.
Planted.

Allium carinatum Linn.
V. Site of an old garden near Castle Bellingham, Co. Louth:
Butler 1890. Near the Royal Canal above Phibsborough bridge
(Dr. Scott): Flor. Hib.
A relic of cultivation; the latter record was probably an error.

Allium triquetrum Linn.
I. At Monkstown, 1896 (W. G. Axford); and—II. About 25 plants
in a grassy hollow near Dunkettle, Cork, 1890 (Phallips) : Ir. Nat.
1896, p. 167.
Probably introduced with seeds.

Muscari racemosum Mill.— Grape Hyacinth.
Il. Established on the banks of the Blackwater near Fermoy
(J. Sim): Phytol. N.S. TIL, p. 35.
An error.

Ornithogalum umbellatum Linn.—Star of Bethlehem.
V. Between Finglas bridge and Drumcondra, Dublin, a single speci-
men: Threlkeld.—VII. Thoroughly established on ditch banks and
meadows at Rockview near Delvin, Westmeath: Levinge 1895.

Escapes from cultivation.
2L
514 APPENDIX. [ Liliacea.

Paris quadrifolia Linn.— Herb Paris.
I. In the wood near Ross Castle, Killarney: Smith's Kerry.
Never confirmed.

JUNCACEL..

Juncus compressus Jacq.
The many Irish records for this plant must all be referred to
J. Gerardi (Loisel). True J. compressus has not yet been satisfac-
torily shown to occur in Ireland.

Juncus trifidus Linn.
I. Mangerton, Kerry: Wade Rar.—VIII. In Connemara: Wade
Gallovid.

Juncus biglumis Linn.
V. Kilgobbin, Co. Dublin: Wade Dubi.

Juncus triglumis Linn.
V. Dublin mountains with J. filiformis, common: Wade Dubl.

Three alpine Junci, Wade’s Irish records for which have never

been confirmed. No doubt, errors.

Luzula Borreri Blomf.—Z. Forsteri x vernalis.
IV. Devil’s Glen, Co. Wicklow: Cyé.

As L. Forstert is not known to occur in Ireland, it is highly
desirable that the above record should be eotitiemed.

ALISUACELZE.

Elisma natans Buchen.—Alisma natans Linn. \

I. Ditches near the Upper Lake of Killarney (Moore): Cyb. Lough
Allua at the source of the Lee, Cork (Drummond): Flor, Cork.—
V. Drains near Balruddery: Wade Rar. Hill of Howth: Flor. Hib.—
VI. In pools on Monmor bog between Miltown Malbay and Kilrush,
Clare (C. Carter): Cyb. Plentiful in ditches adjoining Lough Derg
near Portumna, Galway (Moore): Cyb.—VIII. In a few lakes near
Ballinahinch: Wade Gallovid. Plentiful in Connemara: Flor. Hib.
In Lough Mask (Prof. Melville): Cyb— XII. County Down: Flor.
Hib.

Errors; all the records should be referred to barren floating
forms of Alisma ranunculoides.

Damasonium stellatum Pers.—<Actinocarpus Damasonium Br.
V. Near Templeogue, Dublin: TZhredkeld.—VIII. Ballinahinch :
Wade Gallovid,

Not confirmed, errors.
Natadacea. | APPENDIX. 515

NAIADACELZE.

Potamogeton Lonchitis Tuckerm.
V. In the Boyne below Navan: Cyd. § Ree. Add.
An error of name; the Irish plant is P. heterophyllus Schreb.
var, GRAMINIFOLIUS Fries, not the American P. Lonchitis.

Potamogeton zosterefolius Schum.
XII. Bow lake near Saintfield (Stewart): Flor. Belf. In a pool to
the right of the road from Newtownards to Bangor, Down (Orr):
Flor. Uist.
The first record was an error; the authority for the second is
not reliable.

Potamogeton trichoides Cham.
XII. Pools, Conlig Hill, Co. Down (Orr): Journ. of Bot. 1882,
Dp. 312.
Authority unreliable.

CYPERACEZ.

Scirpus Caricis Retz—Blysmus compressus Panz.
I. Bogs near Glengariff (2. W. Townsend): Flor. Cork.
Not confirmed; probably an error.

Eriophorum alpinum Linn.
II. North shore of Gurtaveeha Lake, near Millstreet, Co. of Cork
(ir. Ryder): Dubl. Nat. Hist. Socy. Proc. Vol. V., p. rz2.
Not confirmed, although the locality was examined both by
A. G. More and by David Moore.

Carex Davalliana Smith.
XII. Spongy bogs in the county of Down (Sherard): Ray’s Synopsis.
Kirkiston bog, and frequent in boggy situations: Zempleton US. ;
Lr, Flor., &e.
No doubt an error for C. dioica.

GRAMINELZ.

Panicum sanguinale Linn.— Digitaria sanguinalis Scop.
VI. Sandhills at Dough, Clare: Wade Rar.
Never confirmed, no doubt an error.

Panicum Crus-galli Linn.
IV. On a newly-made ditch bank near Camolin, Wexford, 1847
(J. Morrison): Cyb. At Springhill, Enniscorthy, Wexford, 1865;
212
516 APPENDIX. [ Gramineae.

J. Morrison.—XII. Waste ground near the Belfast Distillery,
1898-94 (R. Hanna): 8. & P. 1895.
A casual.

Phalaris canariensis Linn.— Canary grass.
Occurs not infrequently about houses, roadsides, and rubbish heaps,
but is always introduced with seeds, and is nowhere permanent.

Alopecurus agrestis Linn.— 4. myosuroides Huds.
I. In City Park, Cork, 1858: Cyb.—II. Great Island, Cork:
Annot. in Flor. Cork.—IV. Several plants near Alderton, Wexford :
B.-H. & G. 1889.—VI. Castle Taylor, Galway, 1854: Cyb.
A casual.

Alopecurus bulbosus.
I. Salt marsh, near Douglas, Cork (Drummond): Flor. Cork.
Not observed recently, no doubt an error.

Phleum alpinum Linn.
VIII. Near the top of Lettery mountain, Connemara: Wade Rar.
Mibora verna Beauv.—Knappia agrostidea Smith.
VIII. Lettery mountain, near the summit: Wade Rar.
Neither of these records has been confirmed, and no doubt both
are errors.

Agrostis setacea Curtis.
I. Ballyphehane and other bogs (Drummond): Flor. Cork.
An error.

Polypogon monspeliensis Desf.
II. Strand at Saleen, Cork, 1893, and strand at Cork Beg, 1897;
Phillips.—V. Sandy field, North Bull, Dublin, 1894 (2. W. 8.): Ir.
Nat. 1895, p. 20.
A casual.

Calamagrostis lanceolata Roth. — Arundo Calamagrostis
Linn.
XII. Banks of the Lagan (Templeton): Ir. Flor.
An error.

Apera spica-venti Beauvy.—Anemagrostis spica-venti Trin.
I. Ballyphehane Bog, Cork{ Drummond): Flor. Cork.—V. Near the
Scots’ church, Sandymount : Mackay 7859.

An error; the plant gathered was probably some species of
Agrostis.
Gramineae. | APPENDIX, 517

Avena pratensis Linn,
I. Blackrock ; Glasheen; and—II. Whitepoint and Little Island :
Flor, Cork.—V. Near Dublin (Mr. Underwood): Cyb.—XI. Coast
near Culdaff, Donegal ; and—X1I, By the New Lodge road, Belfast :
Flor. Uist.

Most probably errors in all cases.

Avena strigosa Schreb,
Occurs as a weed of cultivation nearly throughout Ireland, but is
uncertain in its appearances and nowhere permanent.

Avena fatua Linn.— Wild Oat.
I. Corn fields near Dingle, Kerry (Moore): Cyb.—I. and II. Not
infrequent about Cork (Carroll): Cyb.—V. Portmarnock, Dublin
(D. Orr): Cyb.—VIII. Inishbofin and Inishark: More 1876.—
XII. Cornfields and ont Flor, Belf.

A casual.

Cynosurus echinatus Linn.
TI. In a field at Sandbrook, Carlow (R. Clayton Browne): Ree.
Add.
A casual,

Briza minor Linn.
I. Ina field near Douglas (Drummond): Flor. Cork. In considerable
quantity in a field near the railway station at Blackrock, Cork, 1859
(LZ. Sullivan): Cyb.
A casual, not seen recently.

Poa compressa Linn.

IV. On an old wall near Aughnagoppal Bridge, Wexford: Moffat
889.—V. Rocky ground at the foot of the Dublin mountains
(White): Cyb. About Tighmhuillin and Tullyallen, Louth ; and—
VI. Walls and dry banks between Galway and Tuam: White
£808.—X. Roadside between Portadown and Lurgan( W. McMillen):
Ree. Add.—XIJ. In several places on the old walls of Londonderry
(Moore): Cyb.—still there sparingly in 1888; Stewart.—XII.
Roadside between Ballycastle and Ballintoy, Antrim (More): Ree.
Add.

Introduced in all of its stations and nowhere established in any
considerable quantity, though it has maintained itself on Derry
walls for many years.
518 APPENDIX. [ Graminea.

Festuca procumbens Kunth.—Selgrochloa procumbens Beauv.
I. Salt marsh below Cork (Drummond): Flor. Cork. City Park and
near the Gas Works, Cork, 1857 (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor.
Cork.—II. Sparingly on sandy ground by the pier, East Ferry,
Cork, 1893 ; Phllips.—V. North Lotts, Dublin; at Sandymount and
along Dublin Bay (Moore): Cyb.—XII. Comber, Co. Down: Flor.
Belf. Near Larne, Antrim: Flor. Ulst. Albert Quay, Belfast,
1870, and plentiful for some years until the spot was paved
(Stewart): Flor. N.-E.

The county Dublin records and that for Comber were errors ; in
none of the other stations was the plant more than a casual.

Desmazeria sicula Dum.
I. In some quantity by roadsides in Kerry: Jowrn. of Bot. Vol. IIL,
Dp. 156.
A Mediterranean species, casually introduced in Kerry and not
seen recently.

Bromus tectorum Linn.
II. Rubbish heap by the river Lee, Cork city, 1891(2.W.8.): Zr,
Nat. 1895, p.20.— XII. Waste ground near the Belfast Distillery,
1893-94 (R. Hanna): 8. & P. 1895.
Introduced with foreign grain.

Bromus arvensis Linn.
I. Field near Evergreen (Ir. Alexander): Flor. Cork, Fields at
Douglas, Blackrock (J. Sullivan): Annot. in Flor. Cork, —
ITI. Moist meadows near Cullenagh, Queen’s Co.; and—V. Fields
at Sandymount, Dublin: Jor. Hib—XII. Springfield meadows:
Templeton MS. Sandy cultivated land at Malone, Belfast: Cyé.
A casual, not seen recently.

Brachypodium pinnatum Beauv.
I. Hedges near Kinsale (Drummond): Flor. Hit.—II. Sandhills at
Tramore, Co. Waterford, 1898; Philliys:—III. Hedges in Queen’s
Co. (Mr. Bradburry): Flor. Hib.

The first and third records were, no doubt, errors. At Mr.
Phillips’ recently discovered Tramore locality, the plant covers
more than an acre of surface in the sandhill hollows, growing with
exclusively native species, remote from any cultivation, and is con-
sidered by the finder to be undoubtedly indigenous. Further
Gramineae. | APPENDIX. 519

investigation may show that this plant is entitled to a place in the
Trish flora.

Hordeum sylvaticum Huds.

V. In a thicket or copse bordering on the terrace at Mount Merrion
Dublin (J. Bain) : Cys.

An alien, growing in some quantity and still persisting in the
above locality, to which it was no doubt introduced.

Hordeum marinum Huds.—Z. maritimum With.

II. Said to have been found near Clay Castle, Youghal, and on the
strand at Ballycotton: For. Cork—V. On the shore between
Swords and Rush (J. White): Flor. Hib.

Errors.

Lolium italicum Braun.

Occurs throughout Ireland as an escape from, or relic of,
cultivation.

Lolium linicola Sonder.

XII. A weed among flax in the counties of Derry and Down
(Moore): Cyb. Field by Belfast road, west of Newtownards,
Down (Rev. £. F. Linton): Flor. N.-E.

Introduced with seed.

Asplenium Petrarche Newm.—.A. Clermonte Syme.

V. Recorded from Flurry Bridge, Louth, where it was found grow-
ing on the outside of the garden wall of Ravensdale Park. It has
since been exterminated. The plant is considered by Syme to be a
hybrid between 4. Trichomanes and 4A Ruta-muraria.

Lastrea rigida Presl.

VY. On a wall at Townley Hall near Drogheda: Cyé.
No doubt planted.

Lastreea cristata Presl.
I. or II. Shady ditch banks in the county Cork, no locality given
(Drummond): Flor. Cork.—II. In the desmesne at Rathronan near
Clonmel (G. 8. Gough): Flor. Hib.

Errors.
520 APPENDIX. [ Characee.

CHARACELE.

Tolypella nidifica Leonh.
XII. Lough Neagh near Longford Lodge, Co. Antrim (Dr. Moore) :
Braun Monog. der Characeen.

Nitella capitata Agardh.
I, At Killarney (Mr. Harvey) fide Braun: Groves 1880.
For both of these species Messrs H. & J. Groves consider that

further confirmation is desirable.

ADDENDUM.

Euphorbia Peplis Linn.
II. Garraris Cove, near Tramore, Waterford (Miss Trench) : Mackay
1859—and spec. in Herb. Mackay.
First found by Miss Trench in 1839, but not since seen, though
sought for by R. M. Barrington in 1870 and 1871, and by H. C.
Hart in 1882. No doubt extinct.

A notice of this plant was omitted in error from p. 508.
INDEX.

{Synonyms are printed*in ztalics. Phonetic renderings of Irish names in heavy type.

Varieties are marked thus: (var.).

A.

Acer, 482.
campestre, 482.

Pseudo-platanus, 482.

neers ig
enst flora, 347.
Achillea, 182.
Millefolium, 181.
Ptarmica, 181.
tomentosa, 49.
Acorus, 367. 438r
Calamus, 367.
Acotyledones, 439.
Actinocarpus, 514.
Damasonium, 514.
Adder’s-tongue, 453.
Adiantum, 441.

Capillus-Veneris, 441.

Adonis, 471.
autumnalis, 471.
Adoxa, 161.
Moschatellina, 161.
gopodium, 150.
Podagraria, 150.
fEthusa, 157.
.Cynapium, 157.
Agraphis, 357-
nutans, 357+
Agrimonia, 116.
Eupatoria, 116.
odorata, 116,
Agrimony, 116,
hemp, 173.
Agropyron, 434.
acutum, 436.
caninum, 434.
junceum, 436.
pungens, 435.
repens, 435-
Agrostemma, 51.
i Githago, 51.
rostis, 415.

e alba, 416.
canina, 415.
pumila (var.), 416.
setacea, 516.
vulgaris, 416.

 

Aira, 417.
alpina, 418.
cespitosa, 418.
caryophyllea, 417.
flexuosa, 419.
precox, 417.
setacea, 418.
uliginosa, 418.

Air-i-good loo-ack-ra, 98.

A tropsts, 417.
caryophyllea, 417.
pr @cox, 417.

Ajuga, 296.
pyramidalis, 296.
reptans, 296.

Alchemilla, 115.
alpestris (var.), 115.
alpina, 115.
arvensis, I15.
filicaulis (var.), 115.
vulgaris, 115.

Alder, 321.
buckthorn, 78.

Alexanders, 147.

Alismacez, 369.

Alisma, 369.
natans, 514.
Plantago, 369.
ranunculoides, 370.
repens (var.), 370.

Alkanet, 241.

All-good, 300.

All-seed, 68.

Allzarza, 30.
officinalis, 30.

Allium, 354.
Ampeloprasum, 354.
arenarium, 355+
Babingtonii, 354.
carinatum, 513.
Hallert, 354.
Scorodoprasum, 355.
triquetrum, 513.
ursinum, 356.
vineale, 355.

A llosorus, 442.
Crispus, 442.

Alnus, 321.

 

The numbers refer to the pages. ]

Alnus
glutinosa, 321.
Alopecurus, 413.
agrestis, 516.
bulbosus, 516.
geniculatus, 413.
myosurotdes, 516.
ratensis, 413.
Alsike Clover, 484.
Alsine, 54.
pallida, 54.
Verna, 55.
Althza, 65.
officinalis, 65.
Alyssum, 473.
calycinum, 473.
campestre, 473.
incanum, 473.
maritimum, 474.
Amaryllidez, 353.
Ammi, 490. -
majus, 490.
Ammophila, 417.
arundinacea, 417.
Anacamptts, 343.
pyramidalts, 343.
Anacharts, 332.
Alsinastrum, 332.
Anacyclus, 493.
radiatus, 493.
Anagallis, 234.
arvensis, 234.
czrulea (var.), 234.
tenella, 234.
Anchusa, 241.
ArVENSts, 242.
officinalis, sor.
sempetvirens, 241.
Andromeda, 222.
Polifolia, 222.
Anemagrostis, 516.
spica-ventt, 516.
Anemone, 3.
apennina, 471
nemorosa, 3.
Angelica, 158.
sylvestris, 158.
Antennaria, 176.
522

Antennaria
dioica, 176.
Margaritacea, 492.
Anthemis, 182.
arvensis, 493.
Cotula, 182,
nobilis, 182.
Anthoxanthum, 413.
odoratum, 473.
Anthriscus, 153.
Cerefolium, 490.
sylvestris, 154.
vulgaris, 153.
Anthyllis, 89.
Dillenii (var.), 89.
Vulneraria, 89.
Antirrhinum, 257.
majus, 503.
Orontium, 257.
Afpargia, 211.
autumnalts, 212.
hispida, 211.
Taraxact, 212.
Apera, 516.
spica-venti, 516.
Apium, 147.
graveolens, 147.
inundatum, 148.
Moorei (var.), 148.
nodiflorum, 147.
ocreatum (var.), 147.
repens (var.), 147.
Apocynacez, 499.
Apple, crab, 123.
Aquilegia, 11.
vulgaris, 11.
Arabis, 23.
ciliata, 24.
glabrata (var.), 23.
hirsuta, 23.
perfoliata, 473.
petrza, 23.
Thaliana, 28.
Araliacez, 160.
Arbutus, 220.
Unedo, 220.
Uva-ursi, 221.
Arctium, 190.
intermedium, ror.
Lappa, 190.
majus, 190.
minus, Igt.
nemorosum, ror.
Arctostaphylos, 221.
Uva-ursi, 221.
Arenaria, 55.
ciliata, 57.

leptoclados (var.), 56.

margtnata, 60.
peploides, 57.
rubra, 59.
serpyllifolia, 56.
tenuifolia, 479.
trinervia, 56.
verna, 55.
Armeria, 230.
maritima, 230.
Armoracia, 21.
amphtbia, 21.
Aroidez, 367.
Arrhenatherum, 420.
avenaceum, 420.
Arrow-head, 370.
grass, 372.

 

INDEX.

Artemisia, 184.
Absinthium, 184.
campestris, 494.
maritima, 185.
Stelleriana, 494.
vulgaris, 185.

Arum, 367.
maculatum, 367.

Arundo, 416.
Epigeios, 416.
Phragmites, 420.

Ash, 236.
mountain, 123.

Asparagus, 353.
officinalis, 353.

Aspen, 328.

Asperula, 168.
cynanchica, 168.
odorata, 168.

Asphodel, bog, 358.

Aspidium, 448.
aculeatum, 448.
@mulum, 451.
angulare, 449.
adtlatatum, 451.
Filix-mas, 450.
lobatum (var.), 448.
Lonchitis, 448.
Oreopterts, 450.
spinulosum, 450.

Asplenium, 443.
acutum (var.), 444.

Adiantum-nigrum, 444.

Ceterach, 446.
Clermonte@, 519.
Filix-femina, 446.
lanceolatum, 443.
marinum, 444.
Petrarche, 519.
Ruta-muraria, 446.
Trichomanes, 445.
viride, 445.

Aster, 174.
leevis (?) 492.
Tripolium, 174.

Astragalus, 90.
danicus, 90.
hypoglottis, 90.

Atriplex, 3or.

angustifolia (var.), 302.

arenaria, 302.
Babingtonii, 302.
deltoidea (var.), 302.
erecta, 302.
farinosa, 302.
hastata, 302.
laciniata, 302.
littoralis, 302.
patula, 302.
pedunculata, 506.
portulacoides, 303.

Atropa, 501.

elladonna, 5oz.

Ath-thenn, 79.

Athyrium, 446.
Filix-foemina, 446.

Avena, 420.
caryophyllea, 417.
fatua, 517-
Jlavescens, 419.
precox, 418.
pratensis, 517.
pubescens, 420.
strigosa, 517.

 

Avens, I1I.

water, I12.
Awher holloon, 181.
Awl-wort, 30.

B,

Baldinghera, 413.
arundinacea, 413.
Baldmoney, 491.
Ballota, 294.
foetida, 205.
nigra, 204.
Bannye bo blackthawn, 231.
Bannye kweean, 314.
Barbarea, 22.
arcuata (var.), 22.
intermedia, 22.
*przcox, 23.
vulgaris, 22.
Barberry, 472.
Barkhausia, 199.
taraxactfolta, 199.
Barley, 437-
Barnawn lockawn, 240.
Barren strawberry, 113-
Bartsia, 266.
Odontites, 266.
serotina (var.), 266.
viscosa, 266.
Basil thyme, 281.
wild, 504.
Bastard pimpernel, 234.
Batrachium, 4.
Baudottt, 6.
adivaricatum, 4.
hederaceum, 7.
trichophyllum, 4.
truncatum, 5.
Bay, 320.
Beak-rush, 391.
Beam, white, 122.
Bear-berry, 221.
Bedstraw, 164.
Beech, 322.
fern, 452.
Bee orchis, 345.
Beet, sea, 301.
Bell-flower, 216.
Bellis, 174.
perennis, 174.
Rent grass, 415.
Berberis, 472.
vulgaris, 472.
Berry tree, 123.
Berula, 150.
angusttfolta, 150-

* Beta, 3or.

maritima, 301.
Betonica, 287.
officinalis, 287.
Betony, 287.
Betula, 320.
alba, 320.
glutinosa, 321.
pubescens, 321.
verrucosa, 321.
Bidens, 180.
cernua, 180.
radiata (var.), 180.
tripartita, 181,
Bilberry, 219.
Bindweed, 247.
black, 304.
Biolar, 20.

Biolar trawhé, 26.

Bit ae

ird cherry, 97.

Bird’s-foot, pee

_ trefoil, 81, 89, 90.

Bird’s-nest, 336.
yellow, 228,

Bistort, 307.

Bitter cress, 473.

Bitter-root, 212.

Bitter-sweet, 250.

Black bindweed, 304.
bryony, 512.
horehound, 294.
knapweed, 196.
night-shade, 251,

Black-foot, 441.

Blackberry, 99.

Blackstonia, 237.
perfoliata, 237.

Blackthorn, 96.

Blaw-purrthock, 300.

Bladder sedge, 412.

Bladderwort, 272.

Blechnum, 443.
boreale, 443.
Spicant, 443.

Blind nettle, 292.

Blinks, water, 61.

Blite, sea, 304.

Blue-bell, 357.
thimble, 217.

Blue-bottle, corn, 197.

Blue-eyed grass, 351.

Blysmus, 389.
compressus, 515.
rufus, 389.

Bog asphodel, 358.
bean, 240.
bloom, 390.
dew, 136.
myrtle, 320.
orchis, 335-
tush, 392

Book-a-lawn bwee, 189.

Boraginez, 240.
Borago, 500.
officinalis, 500.
Borage, 500.
Botrychium, 454.
Lunaria, 454.
Bottle sedge, 411.
Bracken, 442.
Brachypodium, 434.
gractle, 434.
pinnatum, 518.
sylvaticum, 434.
Brake, 442.
Bramble, 99.
stone, 109.
Brassica, 31. *
adpressa, 476.
alba, 32.
monensis, 476.
Napus, 476.
nigra, 31.
oleracea, 476.
Rapa, 476.
sinapiordes, 31.
Sinapis, 32.
Stnapistrum, 32.
Brathoge-Mwirré, 115.
Briar, sweet, 120.

 

INDEX,

Brill-yége, 218.
Brisk-el-awn, 114.
Bristle fern, 440.
Brittle fern, 447.
Briza, 423.
media, 423.
minor, 517.
Broad fern, 451.
Brome-grass, 431.
Bromus, 431.
arvensis, 518.
asper, 431.
commutatus, 433.
diandrus, 432. :
erectus, 431.
giganteus, 431.
madritensis, 432.
mollis, 434.
racemosus, 433.
vamosus, 431.
secalinus, 432.
sterilis, 432.
tectorum, 518.
Brooklime, 264.
Brook-weed, 235.
Broom, 80.
butcher’s, 512.
Broom-rape, 268.
Bryonia, 489.
dioica, 489.
Bryony, black, 512.
Buck’s horn plantain, 298.
Buck-bean, 240.
Buck-evvin, 388.
Buckthorn, alder, 78.
purging, 77.
sea, 507.
Buckwheat, 507.
Bugle, 206.
Bugloss, field, 242.
vipers, 247.
Bullace, 96.
Bull-rush, 388.
Bunium, 152.
Slexuosum, 152.
Bur-marigold, 180.
Bur-reed, 365.
Burdock, 190.
Burnet, 117.
saxifrage, 151.
Butcher’s broom, 512.
Butomus, 371.
umbellatus, 371.
Butter-bur, 186. |
Buttercup, 9.
Butterfly orchis, 349.
Butterwort, 274.
Bwee more, 41.

c.

Cabbage, 476.
fox’s, 127.
Good People’s, 127.
St. Patrick’s, 127.

Cabawsthé wadha roo-ee, 127.

dheenee maw-hé, 127.
Cakile, 39.

maritima, 39.
Calamagrostis, 416

Epigeios, 416.

ookeri (var.), 417-
lanceolata, 516.
lappontca, 417.

 

523

Calamagrostis
neglecta, 417.
stricta, 417.

Calamint, 282.

Calamintha, 281.
Acinos, 281.
arvensis, 281.
Clinopodium, 504.
Nepeta, 504.
officinalis, 282.
parviflora, 504.

Callitriche, 139.
autumnalis, 140.
hamulata, 139.
obtusangula, 140.
pedunculata (var.), 140.
stagnalis, 139.
truncata (var.), 141.
verna, 139.
vernalis, 139.

Calluna, 223.

Lyrica, 223.
incana (var.), 223.
vulgaris, 223.

Caltha, ro.
Guerangerii (var.), 10.
palustris, 10.
procumbens (var.), 10.
radicans, 10.

Calystegia, 247.
sepium, 247.
Soldanella, 248.

Camelina, 476.
sativa, 476. °

Campanula, 217.
arctica (var.), 217.
hederacea, 216.
hirta (var.), 218.
lancifolia (var.), 218.
latifolia, 497.
patula, 498.
rapunculoides, 498.
Rapunculus, 498.
rotundifolia, 217.
speciosa (var.), 217.
Trachelium, 217.

Campanulacez, 215.

Campion, bladder, 47.
mossy, 49.
red, 50.
sea, 48.
white, 50.

Canary grass, 516.

Canna-vawn mona, 390.

Caper spurge, 508.

Caprifoliacez, 161.

Capsella, 34.
Bursa-pastoris, 34.

Caraway, 490.
whorled, 149.

Cardamine, 24.
amara, 24.
flexuosa, 25.
hirsuta, 25.
impatiens, 473.
pratensis, 24.
sylvatica, 25.

Carduus, 192.
acanthoides (var.), 193.
crispus, 193.
nutans, 192.
polyanthemos (var.), 193.
pycnocephalus, 192.
tenutflorus, 192.
524 INDEX.

Chamenerion

angustifoltum, 142.
Chamomile, 182.
Chara, 463.

Carex, 393. Carex
acuta, 399 verna, 403.
acuttiformts, 410. vesicaria, 412.
ampullacea, 411. virescens (var.), 40T.

aquatilis, gor.
arenaria, 394.
axillaris, 397.
binervis, 406. |
Boenninghauseniana, 397+
Buxbaumii, 399-
caespitosa, 399, 402-
canescens, 398.
curta, 398.
cyperoides (var.), 408.
Davalliana, 515.
adtluta, 407

dioica, 393.
distans, 407.
disticha, 394.
divisa, 393.
divulsa, 396.
echinata, 397-
elatior (var.), 401.
elatior, 408.
elongata, 398.
extensa, 407.
filiformis, 408.

vulgaris, 402,
vulpina, 395.
Watsonz (var.), 401.
xanthocarpa, 408.
Carlina, 190.
vulgaris, 190.
Carline thistle, 190.
Carrot, 159.
Carum,149. |
Carui, 490.
Petroselinum, 490.
verticillatum, 149.
Caryophyllez, 47.
Catabrosa, 422.
aquatica, 422.
Catapodium, 428.
loliaceum, 428.
Catch-fly, English, 48.
night-flowering, 49.
Cat-mint, 284.
Cat’s-ear, 211.
Cat’s-tail grass, 415.
Caucalis, 159.

_aspera, 464.

barbata (var.), 463.
canescens, 467.
capillacea (var.), 463.
connivens, 464.
contraria, 465.

curta (var.), 464.
delicatula (var.), 463.
denudata, 465.
dtssoluta, 465.
fragilis, 463,
Hedwigii (var.), 463.
hispida, 466.
hispidula (var.), 465.
lacustris (var.), 464.
longibracteata (var.), 467.
macracantha (var.), 466.
papillata (var.), 467.
polyacantha, 464.
rudis (var.), 105.
subinermis (var.), 464.
tomentosa, 466.
vulgaris, 467.

flacca, 402. Anthriscus, 159. Characez, 463.
flava, 408. arvensis, 491. Charlock, 32.
glauca, 402. nodosa, 159. Cheiranthus, 19.
Goodenowz?, 402. Caulinia, 383. Cheiri, 19.
hibernica, 4or. Hexilis, 383. Chelidonium, 16.
hirta, 409. Cawsh-ther-vawn, 212. majus, 16
Hornschuchiana, 407. Celandine, 16. Chenopodiacez, 299.
Hudsonii, 399. lesser, 10. Chenopodium, 299.
intermedia, 394. Celastrinex, 77. album, 299.

juncella (var.), 402.
levigata, 406.
Leesii (var.), 403.
lepidocarpa (var.), 408.
Zeporina, 399.
limosa, 402.

minor (var.), 400.
muricata, 396.
Ederz, 408.

ovalis, 399.
pallescens, 404.
paludosa, 410.
panicea, 404.
paniculata, 395.
paradoxa, 395.

Celery, 147.
Centaurea, 196.
Cyanus, 197.
decipiens, 196.
nigra, 196.
Scabiosa, 196.
solstitialis, 496.
Centaury, 238.
Centranthus, 170.
rubra, 170.
Centunculus, 234.
minimus, 234.
Cephalanthera, 340.
ensifolia, 340.
grandtflora, 511.

Bonus-Henricus, 300.

candicans (var.), 299.

ficifolium, 506.

hybridum, 506.

murale, 506.

olidum, 505.

polyspermum, 505.

pseudo-botryoides (var.),
300.

rubrum, 300.

urbicum, 506.

viride (var.}, 299.

Vulvaria, 505.

Chenopodina, 304.

maritima, 304.

pauciflora, 393. pallens, 511. Cherry, 96.
pendula, 404. Cerastium, 52. bird, 97.
pilulifera, 403. alpinum, 479. dwarf, 97
pracox, 403. arvense, 53. Chervil, 490.
Pseudo-cyperus, 409. glomeratum, 52. rough, 153.
pulicaris, 393. holosteoides (var.), 53. Chickweed, 53.

punctata, 407.
veCurva, 402.

pentandrum (var.), 53.

t Chicory, 197.
semidecandrum, 52.

Chlora, 237.

remota, 397.
rhynchophysa, 412.
rigida, 400.
riparia, 411.
robusta, 412.
vostrata, 4II.
spertostachya, 407.
stellulata, 397.
stictocarpa (var.), 402.
stricta, 399.
strigosa, 405.
sylvatica, 405.
teretiuscula, 394.
tricostata, 400.
trinervis, qoo.

 

tetrandrum, 52.
trigynum, 479.
triviale, 52.
Ceratophyllez, 329.
Ceratophyllum, 329.
demersum, 329.
submersum, 509.
Ceterach, 446.
crenatum (var.), 446,
officinarum, 446.
Chzrophyllum, 153.
sativum, 490.
syluestre, 154.
temulum, 153.
Chameanerion, 142.

 

perfoliata, 237.

Chrysanthemum, 183.

eucanthemum, 183.
Parthenium, 494.
segetum, 183.

Chrysosplenium, 131.

alternifolium, 487..
oppositifolium, 131.

Cicely, sweet, 152.
Cicendia, 236.

JSeliformis, 236.

Cichorium, 197.

Intybus, 197.

Cicuta, 148.

virosa, 148
Cineraria, 495.

_ Maritima, 495.
Cinque-foil, oe
Circzea, 144.

alpina, 145.
intermedia (var.), 145.
, lutetiana, 144.
Cirsium, 193.
anglicum, 194.
arvense, 194.
lanceolatum, 193.

_ palustre, 194.
Cistineze, 41.
Cladium, 392.

germanicum, 392.
mariscus, 392.
Clary, 283.
Cleavers, 168.
Clematis, 471.
_ Vitalba, q7r.
Clinopodium, 504.
vulgare, 504.
Cloud-berry, r10.
Clover, 83.
Alsike, 484.
Dutch, 7.
Club-moss, 459.
Club-rush, 389.
Cnicus, 193.
arvensis, 194.
Forsteri, 194.
lanceolatus, 193.
palustris, 194.
pratensis, 194.
setosus (var.), 194.
Cochlearia, 26.
alpina (var.}, 26.
anglica, 27.
oracia, 474.
danica, 2
gtoenlandica (var.), 27.
Hortii (var.), 28.
officinalis, 26.
Cock’s-foot grass, 423.
Caloglossum, 349.
utride, 349.
Colchicum, 357.
autumnale, 357.
Colleg-ruck, 392.
Coltsfoot, 186.
Columbine, 11.
Comarum, 115.
palustre, 115.
Comfrey, 241.
Composite, 173.
Coniferz, 329.
Conium, 146.
maculatum, 146.
Conopodium, 152.
denudatum, 152.
Convallaria, 513.
majalis, 513.
Convolvulacez, 247.
Convolvulus, 248.
arvensis, 248.
sepium, 247.
Soldanella, 248.
Copp-oge srawd-ye, 311.
Coriander, 491.
Coriandrum, 491.
sativum, 491.
Corn Blue-bottle, 197.
cockle, 51.
marigold, 183.

 

INDEX.

Corn salad, 170.
Cornacezx, 161.
Cornel, 161.
Cornish heath, 499.
Cornus, 16r.
sanguinea, I61.
Coronopus, 34.
adidymus, 34.
procumbens, 35.
Ruellit, 35.
Corrigiola, 505.
littoralis, 505.
Corsican Mint, 504.
Corydalis, 17.
claviculata, 17.
lutea, 473.
Corylus, 321.
Avellana, 321.
Cotton-grass, 390.
Cotyledon, 132.
Unmbilicus, 132.
Couch-grass, 435.
Cow-parsley, 154.
Cow-parsnep,,159.
Cow-wheat, 267.
Cowberry, 218.
Cowl, 321.
Cowslip, 232.
Crab apple, 123.
Crambe, 38.
maritima, 38.
Cranberry, 219.
Crane’s-bill, 70.
dove’s foot, 72.
Crassulacez, 132.
Cratzgus, 124.
Oxyacantha, 124.
Cray mické feed, 446.
Cray-uk-thuck, 141-
Crepis, 199.
iennis, 200.
niczensis, 496.
paludosa, 200.
setosa, see
succiszfolia, 496.
taraxacifolia, 199.
virens, 200,
Cress, 20.
bitter, 24.
mountain, 23.
penny, 37-
rock, 23.
swine’s, 34.
Thale, 28.
winter, 22.
Crithmum, 155.
maritimum, 155.
Crocus, 511.
vernus, 5II.

Croob-ee-nee shinnack, 459.

Cross-wort, 164.
Crow garlic, 355-
Crow-berry, 328.
Crow-foot, 7.
Cruciferz, 19.
Cryptogamez, 439.
Cryptogramme, 442.
crispa, 442.
Cuckoo-pint, 367.

» Cucurbitaceze, 489.

Cudweed, 175.
sea, 181.
Cull, 32.

_ Cullen, 77.

 

525

Cullen traw, 146.
Cupuliferze, 320.
Currant, black, 487.
red, 487.
Cuscuta, 249.
Epilinum, sor.
Epithymum, 249.
Trifolii (var.), 249.
Cushion pink, 49.
Cynoglossum, 240.
germanicum, 500.
montanum, 500.
officinale, 240.
Cynosurus, 421.
cristatus, 421.
echinatus, 517.
Cyperacez, 385.
Cytisus, 80.
prostratus (var.), 80.
scoparius, 80
Cystopteris, 447:
dentata (var.), 447
fragilis, 447.

D

Dabeocia, 225.
polifolia, 225.
Dactylis, 423.
‘lomerata, 423.
Daffodil, 511.
Daisy, 174.
dog, 183.
ox-eye, 183.
Damasonium, 514.
stellatum, 514.
Dame’s violet, 474.
Dandelion, 212.
Danewort, 162.
Danthonia, 420.:
decumbens, 420.
Darnel, 434.
Darr, 322.
Datura, 502.
Stramonium, 502.
Daucus, 159.
Carota, 159.
gummifer, 491.
Dead-nettle, 292.
Deadly Nightshade, sor.
Delphinium, 472.
Ajacis, 472.
Deschampsia, 418.
alpina, 418.
czspitosa, 418.
discolor, 418.
flexuosa, 419.
pseudo-alpina, (var.), 418.
Desmazeria, 428, 518.
Joliacea, 428.
sicula, 518.
Devil’s Bit scabious, 173.
Dew-berry, 109. -
Deyeuxta, 417.
neglecta, 417.
Dhillisk an ow-ann, 372.
Dhill-yo-gee vaw-itch-ee, 13.
: Dhoo-hoosuck, 441.
_ Dhray-miré Mwirré, 238.
| Dhree-ann, 96.
| Dhriss, 99.
Dhroo-ick-dheen mona, 136.
526

Dianthus, 478.
caryophyllus, 478.
deltoides, 478.

Jumarius, 478.

Digitalis, 261.
purpurea, 261.

Digitaria, 515.
sangutnalts, 515.

Digraphis, 413.
arundinacea, 413.

Dioscorez, 512.

Diotis, 181.
candidissima, 181.
maritima, 181.

Diplotazis, 33.

Babingtonii (var.), 34.

muralis, 33.
tenuifolia, 476.
Dipsacez, 172.
Dipsacus, 172.
sylvestris, 172.
Dittander, 35.
Dock, 310.
fiddle, 311.
golden, 311.
water, 312.
/Dodder, 249.
flax, sor.
Dog daisy, 183.
Tose, 121.
Dog’s Mercury, 316.
Dog’s-tail grass, 421.
Dogwood, 161.
Doronicum, 495-
Pardalianches, 495.
Draba, 25.
confusa (var.), 26.
incana, 25.
muralis, 474.
rupestris, 474.
verna, 26
Dropwort, 98.
water, 155.
Drosera, 136.
anglica, 136.
intermedia, 137.
longifolia, 136.
obovata, 137.
rotundifolia, 136.
Droseracez, 136.
Drowned leaves, 13.
Dryas, 111.
octopetala, 111.
Duckweed, 368.
Dulse, river, 372.
Dutch clover, 87.
rushes, 456.
Dwarf elder, 162.
Dyer’s green-weed, 483.

E.

Earth father, 181.
eching, 247.
vulgare, 247.
Elatine, 61. t
hexandra, 61.
Hydropiper, 62.
Elatinez, 61.
Elder, 162.
dwarf, 162.
Eleagnacez, 507.
Elecampane, 178,

 

INDEX.

Eleocharis, 385.

acicularis, 385.
longicaulis (var.), 386.
multicaulis, 387.
palustris, 386.
uniglumis, 386.
‘Watsoni (var.), 387.

Elisma, 514.

natans, 514.

Ellis-thrum, 351.
Elm, 508.

wych, 318.

Elodea, 332.

canadensis, 332.

Elodes, 64.

palustris, 64.

Elymus, 438.

arenarius, 438.

Empetracez, 328.
Empetrum, 328.

nigrum, 32

8.
Enchanter’s nightshade, 144.
Endymion, 357.

nutans, 357-

Epilobium, 142.

adnatum, 488.
alsinefolium, 144.
angustifolium, 142.
hirsutum, 143.
Lamyi, 489.
montanum, 143.
obscurum, 144.
palustre, 144.
parviflorum, 143.
roseum, 143.
spicatum, 142.
tetragonum, 488.
virgatum, 144.

Epipactis, 340.

atro-rubens, 342.
latifolia, 340.
media, 341.
ovalts, 342.
palustris, 342.
rubiginosa, 342.

Equisetacez, 454.
Equisetum, 454.

arenarium (var.), 458.
arvense, 454.
Drummondit, 455.
fluviatile (var.), 456.
hyemale, 456.

limosum, 456.

Mackazt, 457.

majus (var.), 458.
maximum, 454.

Moorei, 457.

nudum (var.), 456.
palustre, 455.
polystachyum (var.), 455.
pratense, 455.
sylvaticum, 455.
Lelmateta, 454.
trachyodon, 457.
umbrosun, 455.
variegatum, 458.
Wilsoni (eae) 458.

Erica, 223.

ciliaris, 498.
cinerea, 224.
dabeocit, 225.
hiberntca, 224.
Mackaiana, 223.
Mackaii, 223.

 

Erica
mediterranea, 224
stricta, 499.
Tetralix, 223.
vagans, 499.
vulgaris, 223.
Ericacez, 220.
Erigeron, 174.
acre, 174.
Erinus, 502.
alpinus, 502.
Eriocaulon, 384.
septangulare, 384.
Eriocaulonez, 384.
Eriophorum, 390.
alpinum, 515.
angustifolium, 390.
latifolium, 391.
vaginatum, 390.
Erodium, 75.
cicutarium, 75.
maritimum, 76.
moschatum, 75.
Erophila, 26.
vulgaris, 26.
Ervum, oi.
hirsutum, 91.
tetraspermum, Ql.
Eryngium, 146.
campestre, 489.
maritimum, 146.
Erysimum, 475-
cheiranthoides, 475.
orientale, 475.
Erythrza, 238.
capitata (var.), 238.
Centaurium, 238.
latifolia (var.), 238.
littoralis, 499.
ulchella, 238.
Eufragia, 260.
utscosa, 266.
Euonymus, 77.
europzus, 77.
Euphorbia, 313.
amygdaloides, 315.
Cyparissias, 508.
exigua, 316.
Helioscopia, 313.
hiberna, 314.
Lathyris, 508.
Paralias, 315.
Peplis, 520.
Peplus, 316.
portlandica, 315.
Euphorbiacez, 313.
Eupbhrasia, 265.
borealis (var.), 265.
brevipila (var.), 265.
gracilis (var.), 265.
nemorosa (var.), 265.
Odontttes, 266.
officinalis, 265.
Rostkoviana (var.), 265.
Salisburgensis, 265.
Evening primrose, 489.
Evvin, 160.
Eyebright, 265.

FE.

Fagopyrum, 507.
esculentum, 507.
Fagus, 322.

_ sylvatica, 322.
Fairy fingers, 261.
Farn-oge, 321.

Farra bawn, 9.
Fay-lige, 163.
Feeo-kay-dhawn, 193.
Felwort, 239.
Fennel, 154,

Fern, adder’s-tongue, 453.

beech, 452.
brittle, 447.
bristle, 440.
filmy, 439.

hard, 443.
harts-tongue, 446.
holly, 448.
Killarney, 440.
lady, 446.
maiden-hair, 441.
male, 450.

oak, 452.
parsley, 442.
royal, 453.

Fescue grass, 427.

Festuca, 427.
arenaria (var.), 420.
arundinacea, 430.
elatior, 430.
gigantea, 431.
loliacea, 430.
Myuros, 428.
Oraria, 429.
ovina, 429.
pratensis, 430.
procumbens, 518.
rigida, 427.
rottbcellioides, 428.
rubra, 429.
sciuroides, 429.
sylvatica, 429.
uniglumis, 428.

Feverfew, 183.

Ficarta, 10.
ranunculotdes, 10.
verna, 10.

Fiddle dock, 311.

Figwort, 257.

Filago, 175.
germanica, 175,
minima, 175.

Filices, 439.

Filmy-Fern, 439.

Finshoge, 236.

Fiorin, 416.

Fir, Scotch, 510.

Flag, sweet, 367.
yellow, 351.

lax, 48r.
dodder, sor.
pale-flowered, 69.
purging, 69.
Flea sedge, 393.
Flea-bane, 180.
blue, 174.

Fih, 53.

Flix-weed, 29.

Flowering rush, 371.

, Fluellin, 254.

Fly orchis, 346.

Foeniculum, 154.
officinale, 154.

Fohen-awn, 193.

Fool’s parsley, 157-

 

INDEX.

Forget-me-not, 244.
Fox-glove, 261. =
Fox-tail, 414.
Fox’s cabbage, 127.
Fox’s paws, 459.
Fragaria, 112.
elatior, 486.
stertlts, 113.
vesca, 112.
Frangula, 78.”
vulgaris, 78.
Fraxinus, 236.
excelsior, 236.
Fray-ack, 223, 224.
gawldhé, aah
na-hain cushé, 225.
Fray-ack-awn, 219.
French sorrel, 507.
Frog orchis, 349.
Frog-bit, 333.
Fumaria, 17.
Borzi (var.), 18.
capreolata, 17.
confusa, 18.
densiflora, 18.
micrantha, 18.
muralis, 18,
officinalis, 19.
pallidiflora, 17.
parviflora, 473.
Fumariacez, 17.
Fumitory, 17.
Furze, 79.
dwarf, 80.
Trish, 79.

G.

Galanthus, 512.
nivalis, 512.

Galeobdolon, 293.
luteum, 293.

Galium, 164.
Aparine, 168.
boreale, 164.
Cruciata, 164.
cructatum, 164.
elongatum (var.), 167.
erectum, 165.
insubricum (var.), 166.
Mollugo, 166.
ochroleucum (var.), 166.
palustre, 167.
pusillum, 167.
saxatile, 166.
sylvestre, 167.
uliginosum, 167.
verum, 165.
Witheringii (var.), 167.

Galeopsis, 289.
angustifolia, 289.
bifida (var.), 291.
Ladanum, 289.
spectosa, 290.
Tetrahit, 290.
versicolor, 290.

Garlic, 355.

Gawr-lee-yoge, 356.

Geen-ack, 363.

Genista, 483.
tinctoria, 483.

Gentian, 238.

 

527

Gentiana, 238.
Amarella, 239.
campestris, 240.
verna, 238.

Gentianez, 236.

Gentianella, 236.

Geraniacez, 70.

Geranium, 70.
columbinum, 73.
dissectum, 73.
lucidum, 74.
molle, 72.
nodosum, 482.
perenne, 71.
Phzum, 482,
pratense, 71.
purpureum (var.), 74.
pusillum, 72. .
pyretiaicum) ql.

obertianum, 74.
rotundifolium, 73.
sanguineum, 70.
striatum, 481.
sylvaticum, 70.

Germander speedwell, 263.
water, 295.

Geum, 112.
intermedium, 112.
rivale, 112,
urbanum, 112.

Gipsy-wort, 280.

Githago, 51.
segetum, 51.

Gladdon, 350.

Glass-wort, 304.

Glaucium, 16.
flavum, 16.
luteum, 16.

Glaux, 233.
maritima, 233.

Glechoma, 284.
hederacea, 284.

Globe flower, 11.

Gloon-yack dharrig, 307.

Gloon-yack tchai, 305.,

Glyceria, 425.
aquatica, 426.
Borreri, 427.
distans, 426,
fluitans, 425.
marilima, 426.
plicata, 425.
spectabilis, 426.

Gnaphalium, 177.
diotcum, 176.
luteo-album, 493.
sylvaticum, 177.
uliginosum, 177.

Goat’s-beard, 214.

Golden dock, 311.
rod, 174.
samphire, 179.

Goldilocks, 8.

Good People’s cabbage, 127?

Goose grass, 168.

Goose-foot, 299.

Gooseberry, 487.

Gorse, 79.

Gout-weed, 150.

Graminez, 413.

Grape hyacinth, 513.

Grass, barley, 437.
blue-eyed, 351.
brome, 431.
528

Grass
canary, 516.
cat’s-tail, 415.
cock’s-foot, 423.
couch, 435-
darnel, 434.
dog’s-tail, 421.
fescue, 427.
fox-tail, 413. °
lyme, 438.
marram, 417.
mat, 436.
millet, 414.
of Parnassus, 131.
quaking, 423. :
reed, 413.
rye, 434.
Timothy, 414.
vernal, 413.
wrack, 383.
yellow-eyed, 352.
Great daisy, 183.
plant, 261.
Gromwell, 245.
sea, 242.
Ground ie II2.
ivy, 284.
Groundsel, 186.
Guelder rose, 162.
Gymnadenia, 347.
albida, 348.
conopsea, 347+
Gyole-ouck, 420.

H.

Habenaria, 347.
albida, 348.
bifolia, 349.
chlorantha, 349.
chloroleuca, 349.
conopsea, 347:
intacta, 347.
viridis, 349.

Hair-grass, 417.

Halimus, 303-
portulacotdes, 303+

Haloragez, 137-

Halosctas, 157+
scoticum, 157+

Hard fern, 443.

Hard-grass, 436.

Hare bell, 217.

Hare’s-foot trefoil, 84.

Hart’s-tongue, 446.

Hawkbit, 211.

Hawk’s-beard, 199.

Hawkweed, 201.
mouse-ear, 202.

Hawthorn, 124.

Hazel, 321.

Healing plant, 297.

Heath, 224.

Cornish, 499.
cross-leaved, 223.
foreign, 225.

Mediterranean, 224.

one-footed, 225.

St. Dabeoc’s, 225.
Hedera, 160.

Helix, 160.
Hedge mustard, 29.

parsley, 159.

 

INDEX.

Helianthemum, 41.
Breweri (var.), 41.
canum, 41.
guttatum, 41.
marifoltum, 41.
vineale, 41.
vulgare, 477.

Heliotrope, winter, 186.

Hellebore, 472.

Helleborine, 340.
white, 340.

Helleborus, 472.
foetidus, 472.
viridis, 472.

Helminthia, 198.
echioides, 198.

Helosciadtum, 147.
inundatum, 148.
nodiflorumt, 147.
repens, 147.

Hemlock, 146.
stork’s-bill, 75.
water, 148.

Hemp Agrimony, 173.
nettle, 289.

Henbane, 252.

Henbit, 201.

Heracleum, 159.
Sphondylium, 159.

Herb Paris, 514.
Robert, 74.

Hesperis, 474.
matronalis, 474.

Hieracium, 201.
acutifolium (var.), 202.
anglicum, 202.
argenteum, 204.
aurantiacum, 496.
auratum, 209.
boreale, 209.
cerinthiforme, 202.
cimerascens, 204.
czsium, 206.

coronopifolium (var.), 211.

corymbosum, 208,
crinigerum, 204.
crocatum, 209.
euprepes, 205.
Farrense, 204.
filifolium (var.), 211.
flocculosum, 203.
Gibsoni, 206.
ge thicum, 207.

artii (var.), 202.
hibernicum, 205.
hypocherotdes, 206.
iricum, 202.
lasiophyllum, 204.
latifolium (var.), 207.
Leyi, 204.

longibracteatum (var.), 202.

microcladium (var.), 205.
molle, 496.

murorum, 205,

pachy; Bellary (var.), 205.
Ballidum, 203.
paludosum, 200.
Pilosella, 201.
prenanthoides, 208.
rigidum, 208,

rigzdum, 208.
rubicundum, 204.
sabaudum, 209.
Schmidtii, 203.

 

Hieracium
sciaphilum, 207.
scoticum, 205.
Sommerfeltii, 205.
stenolepis, 206.
Stewartii (var.), 207.
strictum, 208.
sylvaticum, 206.
tridentatum, 208.
umbellatum, 210.
vulgatum, 206.

Hippophz, 507.
rhamnoides, 507.

Hippuris, 137.
vulgaris, 137-

Holcus, 419.
lanatus, 419.
mollis, 419.

HOW. 77°
ern, 448.
sea, ze

Honeysuckle, 163.

Honkeneja, 57.
peploides, 57.

Hop, 318
trefoil, 88.

Hordeum, 437.
marinum, 518.
maritimum, 518.
murinum, 437.
pratense, 437.
secalinum, 437.
sylvaticum, 519.

Horehound, black, 294.
white, 286.

Horned pond-weed, 382.
Poppy, 16.

Hornwort, 329.

Horse radish, 474.

Horsemint, 503.

Horse-tail, 454+

Hottonia, 231°
palustris, 231.

Hound’s-tongue, 240.

Houseleek, 488.

Humulus, 318.
Lupulus, 318.

Hutchinsia, 477.
petrza, 477.

Hyacinth, grape, 513.
wild, 357.

Hyacinthus, 357+
non-scriptus, 357-

Hydrocharidez, 332.

Hydrocharis, 333.
Morsus-rane, 333-

Hydrocotyle, 146.
vulgaris, 146.

Hymenophyllum, 439.
tunbridgense, 439.
unilaterale, 440.
Wrisonz, 440.

Hyoscyamus, 252.
niger, 252.

Hypericinez, 62.

Hypericum, 62.
‘Androsemum, 62.
calycinum, 480.
dubium, 63.
elatum, 480.
elodes, 64.
hircinum, Be
hirsutum, 64.
humifusum, 64.
Hypericum
maculatum (var.), 63.
montanum, 481.
perforatum, 63.
pulchrum, 64.
quadrangulum, 63, 64.
guadratum, 64.
tetrapterum, 64.
Hypocheeris, arr.
glabra, 497.
radicata, arr.
Hypopithys, 228.
multiflora, 228.
Hypopttys, 228.
Monotropa, 228.

I.

Tlex, 77.

Aquifolium, 77.
Tlicinez, 77.
Illecebracez, 299.
Toula, 178.

crithmoides, 179.

adysenterica, 180.

Helenium, 178.

salicina, 179.
Iridez, 350.

Tris, 350.

acoriformis (var.), 351.

foetidissima, 350.

Pseud-acorus, 351.

tuberosa, 511.
Isatis, 477. 2

tinctoria, 477.
Isoetes, 461.

echinospora, 462.

lacustris, 461.

Morei (var.), 462.
Ivy, 160.

ground, 284.

Trish, 160.

Ivy-leaved Bell-flower, 216.

J

ack by the Hedge, 30.
acob’s ladder, 500.
asione, 215.

montana, 215.
ohn’s-wort, Saint, 63.
uncacez, 358.
uncus, 358.

acutiflorus, 363.

acutus, 361.

biglumis, 514.

bufonius, 358.

compressus, 514.

conglomeratus, 360.

diffusus, 361.

effusus, 360.

fasciculatus (var.), 358.

filiformis, 514.

fluitans, 362.

Gerardi, 359.

glaucus, 360.

lamprocarpus, 363-

maritimus, 361.

obtusiflorus, 362.

stlvaticus, 363-

Squarrosus, 358.

supinus, 361.

tenuis, 359-

 

INDEX.

Juncus
trifidus, 514.
triglumis, 514.
uniper, 329.
juniperus, 329.
communis, 329.
nana (var.), 330.
Sabina, 510,

K.

Knapfia, 516.
agrostidea, 516.
Knapweed, 196.
Knautia, 173.
arvensis, 173.
Kidney vetch, 89.

Kidney-leaved saxifrage, 125.

Killarney fern, 440.
Knawel, 299.
Kneed-plant, 305.
Knot-grass, 305.
Keeleria, 422.
cristata, 422.
Kweer-ann, 123.

L,

Labiatz, 276.
Lactuca, 213.
muralis, 213.
virosa, 497.
Lady fern, 446.
Lady’s mantle, 115.
smock, 24.
tresses, 338.
Lamb’s-tongue, 297.
Lamium, zor.
album, 293.
amplexicaule, 2o1..
Galeobdolon, 293.
hybridum, 292.
tnctsum, 292.
intermedium, 292.
purpureum, 292.
Lastrea, 449.
zmula, 451.
cristata, 519.
dilatata, 451.
Filix-mas, 450.
Seentsectt, 451.
Oreopteris, 450.
vrecurva, 451.
tigida, 519.
spinulosa, 450.
Thelypteris, 449.
Lappa, 190.
MAJOr, 190.
minor, I9t.
Lapsana, 198.
communis, 198.
Lathraa, 271.
Squamaria, 271.
Lathyrus, 94.
Aphaca, 485.
macrorrhizus, 95.
maritimus, 95.
montanus, 95.
Nissolia, 485.
palustris, 94.
pratensis, 94.
tenuifolius (var.), 95.

2M

 

529

Lavatera, 65.
arborea, 65.

Lay ishg’, 274:

Lay-theen, 111.

Ledum, 499.
palustre, 499.

Leek, 354.

Leguminosz, 79.

Lemna, 368,
gibba, 368.
minor, 368,
polyrhiza, 369.
trisulca, 368.

Lemnacez, 368,

Lentibulariez, 272,

Leontodon, 211.
autumnalis, 212.
hirtus, 211.
hispidus, 2rz.
pratensis (var.), 212,
Taraxacum, 212.

Leonurus, 505.
Cardiaca, 505.

Leopard’s bane, 495.

Lepidium, 35. .
campestre, 36.
Draba, 477.
hirtum, 36.
latifolium, 35.
tuderale, 477.
Smithiz, 36.

Lepigonum, 59.
marinum, 60.
marginatum, 60.
rubrum, 59.
rupestre, 60.
ruptcola, 60,
saltnum, 60.

Lepturus, 436.
filiformis, 436.

Lettuce, wall, 213.

Leucanthemum, 183.
vulgare, 183.

Leucojum, 512.
zestivum, 512.

Ligusticum, 157.
scoticum, 157.

Ligustrum, 236.
vulgare, 236.

Liliacez, 353.

Lily of the valley, 513.-

Limnanthemum, 500.
peltatum, soo.

Limosella, 260.
aquatica, 260.

Linaria, 253.
Cymbalaria, 253.
Elatine, 254.
minor, 256.
repens, 254.
sepium, 255.
striata, 254.
Peeeee, 250.
vulgaris, 255.

Linez, 68.

-Ling, 223.

Linum, 69. _ |
angustifolium, 69.
catharticum, 69.
usitatissimum, 482.

Listera, 337.
cordata, 337.
ovata, 338.

Lithospermum, 245.
530

Lithospermum, 245.
arvense, 246.
maritimum, 242,
officinale, 245.

Littorella, 298.
juncea, 298.
lacustris, 298.

Live-long, 133,

Lizard orchis, 511.

Lobelia, 215.
Dortmanna, 215.

Lolium, 434.
italicum, 519.
linicola, 519.
perenne, 434.
temulentum, 434.

Lomarta, 443.
Spicant, 443.

London pride, 127.
rocket, 29.

Lonicera, 163.
Periclymenum, 163.
Xylosteum, 491.

Loo-ack-ar, 360.

Loos-garriv, 168.

Loos more, 26r..

Tocnecstnle, 232.
purple, 14z.

Loranthacez, 508.

Lotus, 89.
corniculatus, 89.

crassifolius (var.), 89.

major, 90.
tenutfolrus, 89.
tenuis, 89.
uliginosus, 90.
villosus (var.), 89.
Lovage, 157.
Lucerne, ee:
Luzula, 363.
Borreri, 514.
campestris, 364.
erecta (var.), 364.
maxima, 363.
multiflora, 364.
pilosa, 363.
sylvatica, 363.
vernalis, 363.
Lycium, 501. .
barbarum, 501.
Lychnis, 50.
alba, 50.
@iotca, 50.
diurna, 50.
Flos-cuculi, 51.
Githago, 51.
vespertina, 50.
Lycopodiacez,. 459.
Lycopodium, 459.
alpinum, 460.
clavatum, 459.
inundatum, 459.
selaginordes, 461.
Selago, 459.
Lycopsis, 242.
arvensis, 242.
Lycopus, 280.
europzus, 280.
Lyme-grass, 438.
Lysimachia, 232.
nemorum, 233.
Nummularia, 233.
vulgaris, 232.
Lythrariez, 141.

 

INDEX.

Lythrum, 141.
Hyssopifolia, 488.
Salicaria, 141.

M.
Madder, field, 169.

wild, 163.
Maiden pink, 478.
Maiden-hair, 441.
Mairy-cawn dharrig, 261.
gorrum, 217.

Mair-een-yee phoo-ka, 261.

Malachtum, 479.
aquaticum, 479.
Malaxis, 335-
paludosa, 335-
Male fern, 450.
Mallow, 67.
dwarf, 67.
marsh, 65.
musk, 66.
tree, 65.
Malva, 66.
borealis, 481.
moschata, 66.
neglecta, 67.
rotundifolia, 67.
sylvestris, 67.
vulgarts, 67.
Malvacez, 65.
Maple, 482.
Mare’s-tail, 137
Marigold, corn, 183.
marsh, 10.
Marjoram, 280.
Marram, 417.
Marrubium, 286.
vulgare, 286.
Marsh cress, 20.
fern, 449.
mallow, 65.
marigold, ro.
pennywort, 146.
sedge, 393.
wort, 148.
Marsileacez, 462.
Mary’s ladder, 238.
Masterwort, 491.
Mat-grass, 417, 436.
Mathiola, 19.
sinuata, 19.
Matricaria, 183.
Chamomilla, 184
discoidea, 494.
inodora, 183.
maritima, 184.
salina (var.), 184.
Meadow-rue, r.
saffron, 357-
sweet, 98.
Meconopsis, 15.
cambrica, 15
Medicago, 81.
arabica, 82.
denticulata, 484.
falcata, 483.
lupulina, 82.
maculata, 82.
minima, 484.
sativa, 483.
sylvestris, 483.

 

Medick, black, 81.
spotted, 82.
Meeshack, 69.
Melampyrum, 267.
ericetorum (var.), 268.
latifolium (var.), 268.
montanum (var.), 268.
pratense, 267.
sylvaticum, 268.
Melandrium, 50.
pratense, 50.
stlvestre, 50.
Melica, 422.
uniflora, 422.
Melilot, 82.
Melilotus, 82.
alba, 484.
arvensis, 83.
officinalis, 82.
parviflora, 484.
vulgaris, 484.
Melissa, 282.
Calamintha, 282.
officinalis, 595.
Mentha, 276.
alopecuroides, 503.
aquatica, 278.
arvensis, 279.
gentilis i 279-
gracilis (var.), 279.
hirsuta, 278.
longifolia, 503.
paludosa (var.), 278.
Beenie 277+
een nty 279.
equieni, 504.
rotundifolia, 276.
rubra (var.), 278.
sativa, 278.
subglabra (var.), 278.
sylvestris, 503.
viridis, 504.
Menyanthes, 240.
trifoliata, 240.
Menztesta, 225.
poltfolta, 225.
tiene 316.
annua, 317-
perennis, 316.
Mercury, 316.
Mertensia, 242.
maritima, 242.
Meum, 4or.
Athamanticum, 491.
Mibora, 516.
verna, 516.
Microcala, 236.
filiformis, 236.
Mignonette, 40.
Mild milk, 314.
Milfoil, 181.
water, 138.
Milium, 414.
effusum, 414.
Milk thistle, 195.
Milk-vetch, go.
Milk-wort, 46.
sea, 233.
Millet grass, 414.
Mimulus, 259.
argutus (var.), 259.
guitatus, 259.
angsdorfit, 259.
luteus, 259.
Mint, 276.

cat, 284.

Corsican, 504.

horse, 503.

_ Spear, 504.
Mishimeen dharrig, 278.
Mistletoe, 508.
Mehringia, 56.

trinervta, 56.
Molinia, 422.

cerulea, 422.
Moneywort, 233.
Monkey-flower, 259.
Monocotyledones, 332.
Monotropa, 228.

Hypopitys, 228.
Monotropez, 228.

ontia, 61.

fontana, 61.

minor (var.), 62.

rivularis (var.), 61.
Moon-wort, 454.
Moschatel, 161.
Mossy saxifrage, 130.
Moth mullein, 502.
Mountain ash, 123.

avens, III.

fern, 450.

sorrel, 309.
Mouse-ear, 53.

-hawkweed, 201.
Mouse-tail, 472.
steer oh

ugwort, 185.
Mullein, 253. ©

moth, 502,
Muscari, 513.

racemosum, 513.
Musk mallow, 66.

thistle, 192.
Mustard, black, 31.

hedge, 29.

wall, 33.

white, 32.
Myosotis, 243.

arvensis, 244.

coespitosa, 243.

collina, 244.

intermedia, 244.

palustris, 244.

repens, 244s

strigulosa (var.), 244.

sylvatica, 501.

umbrosa (var.), 244.

versicolor, 245.
Myosurus, 472.

minimus, 472.
Myrica, 320.

Gale, 320.
Myricacez, 320.
Myriophyllum, 138.

alterniflorum, 139.

pectinatum (var.), 138.

spicatum, 138.

. verticillatum, 138.
Myrrhis, 152.

odorata, 152.
Myrtle, bog, 320.

ESF

Naiad, slender, 383.
Naiadacex, 372.

 

INDEX.

Naias, 383.
flexilis, 383.
Narcissus, 353.
biflorus, 353.
major, 512.
poeticus, 512.
Pseudo-narcissus, 511.
Nardosmia, 186.
Sragrans, 186.
Nardus, 436.
stricta, 436.
Narthecium, 358.
ossifragum, 358.
Nasturtium, 20.
amphibium, 2r.
officinale, 20.
palustre, 20.
sylvestre, 20.
terrvestre, 20.
Nee-an-thoge, 319.
kweeock, 292.
Neotinea, 347.
tntacta, 347.
Neottia, 336.
LEMMIPArA, 339s
Nidus-avis, 336.
Nepeta, 284.
Cataria, 284.
Glechoma, 284.
Nephrodium, 450.
emulum, 451.
adtlatatum, 451.
Fulix-mas, 450.
Oreopterts, 450.
Spinulosum, 450.
Nettle, 319.
lind, 292.
dead, 292.
Night-shade, black, 251.
deadly, sor.
enchanters, 144.
Nipplewort, 198.
Nitella, 468.
capitata, 520.
flexilis, 470.
gracilis, 469.
nidifica (var.), 470.
Nordstedtiana, 468.
opaca, 470.
tenuissima, 469.
translucens, 469.
No-nyeen, 174.
more, 183.
None so pretty, 127.
Nuphbar, 12.
intermedium (var.), 12.
luteum, 12.
Nymphza, 13.
alba, 13.
Nymphzacezx, 12.

0.

ok 322.
ern, 452.
Oat, wild, 517.
Oat-grass, 419.'
Obzone, 303.
portulacordes, 303.
Odontites, 266
rubra, 266,
verna, 266.
CEnanthe, 155.
crocata, 156.

 

531

CEnanthe

fistulosa, 155.
fluviatilis (var.), 157.
Lachenalil, 156.
Phellandrium, 156.
pimpinelloides, 156.

CEnothera, 489.

biennis, 489.

Oleacez, 236.
Onagrariex, 142.
Onobrychis, 485.

Sativa, 485.

Ononis, 80.

horrida (var.), 81.
repens, 80.
spinosa, 483.

Ophioglossum, 453.

Hartii (var.), 454.
vulgatum, 453.

Ophrys, 345.

apifera, 345.
muscifera, 346.

Opium poppy, 13.
Orache, 302. :

sea, 301.

Orchidex, 335.
Orchis, 343.

angustifolia (var.), 345.
atlantica, 347-

bee, 345.

utterily, 349.

fly, 346.

Susca, 511.
hircina, 511.
incarnata, 345.
tntacta, 347.
lizard, 511.
maculata, 345.
mascula, 344.
Morio, 344.
purpurea, 511.
pyramidalis, 343.
ustulata, 5z1.

Origanum, 280.

vulgare, 280.

Ornithogalum, 573.

umbellatum, 513.

Ornithopus, 90.

perpusillus, go.

Orobanche, 268.

Epithymum, 269.
Hederz, 270.
major, 268,
minor, 271.
Rapum, 268.
rubra, 269.

Orobanchez, 268.
Ovobus, 92.

sylvaticus, 92.
tuberosus, 95+

Orpine, 133:
Oster, 326.
Osmunda, 453.

regalis; 453.

Ox-eye, 183.
Ox-tongue, 198.
Oxalis, 76.

Acetosella, 76.
corniculata, 482.
stricta, 482.

Oxycoccus, 219.

palustris, 219s
* 682

Oxyria, 309.
digyna, 309.
ventformts, 309-

P.

Panicum, Sté.
Crus-galli, 515.
sanguinale, 515.

Pansy, 45.

Papaver, 13-
Argemone, 14.
dubium, 14.
hybridum, 15.
Lamottii (var.), 24.
Lecogii (var.), 14.
Rheeas, 13.
somniferum, 13.

Papaveracez, 13.

Parietaria, 320.
diffusa, 320.
officinalis, 320.

Paris, 514.
quadrifolia, 514.

Parnassia, 131.
palustris, 131-

Parnassus, grass of, 131.

Parsley, 490.
beaked, 153-
cow, 154.
fern, 442.
fool’s, 157-
hedge, 159.

Parsley-piert, 115.

Parsnep, cow, 159-
water, 147, 150.
wild, 158.

Pastinaca, 158.
sativa, 158.

Pea, heath, 95.
sea, 95-

Pear, 486.

Pearlwort, 57.

Pedicularis, 267.
palustris, 267.
sylvatica, 267.

Pellitory, wall, 320.

Penny cress, 37.

Penny-royal, 279.

Pennywort, 132.
marsh, 146.

Peplis, 141.
Portula, 141.

Peppermint, 277.

Pepperwort, 36.

Periwinkle, 499-

Petasites, 186.
albus, 495.
fragrans, 186.
officinalis, 186.
vulgarts, 186.

Petroselinum, 490.
sativum, 490.

Peucedanum, 158.
Ostruthium, 491.
sativum, 158,

Phalaris, 413.
arundinacea, 413.
canariensis, 516.

Pheasant’s eye, 471.

Phegopteri3, 452.
Dryopteris, 452.
polypodioides, 452.

 

INDEX.

Phellandrium, 156.
aquaticum, 156.
Phleum, 414.
alpinum, 516.
arenarium, 415.
pratense, 414.
Phragmites, 420.
communis, 420.
Picris, 198.
echioides, 198.
hieracioides, 496.
Pig-nut, 152.
Pill-wort, 462.
Pilularia, 462.
globulifera, 462.
Pimpernel 234.
astard, 234.
Pimpinella, 151.
magna, 151.
mazor, 151.
Saxifraga, 151.
Pinguicula, 274.
grandiflora, 274.
Tusitanica, 275.
vulgaris, 274.
Pink, maiden, 478.
sea, 230.
Pinus, 510.
sylvestris, 510.
Pipe-wort, 384.
Pisum, 95.
maritimum, 95.
Plantaginez, 297.
Plantago, 297.
argentea, 505.
Coronopus, 298.
intermedia (var.), 297.
lanceolata, 297.
Major, 297.
maritima, 298.
media, 297.
Plantain, 297.
water, .
Pilg se:
bzfolia, 349.
chlorantha, 349.
Plum, 485. i.
Plumbaginez, 229.
Poa, 423.
alpina, 423.
annua, 423.
compressa, 517.
nemoralis, 424.
palustris, 424.
pratensis, 424.
rigida, 427.
trivialis, 425.
Polemoniacez, 500.
Polemonium, 500.
czruleum, 500.
Polygala, 46.
calcarea, 478.
depressa, 47.
grandiflora (var.), 47.
oxyptera, (var.), 47.
serpyllacea, 47.
vulgaris, 46.
Polygalez, 46.
Polygonacez, 304.
Polygonum, 304.
amphibium, 307.

arenastrum (var,), 305.

aviculare, 305.
Bistorta, 308.

 

Polygonum
‘Eonvolvulus, 304.
Hydropiper, 305.
lapathifolium, 307.
laxum, 307.
littorale (var.), 305,
maculatum, 307.
maritimum, 507.
minus, 306.
mite, 306.
nodosum, 307+
Persicaria, 307.
Raii, 305.
Robertz, 305.
rurivagum apa: 305-
saggitifolium, 309.
terrestre (var.), 307-
viviparum, 308.
Polygonatum, 513.
multiflorum, 513-
Polypodium, 451.
Dryopteris, 452.
Phegopteris, 452.
serratum (var.), 452.
vulgare, 451.
Polypody, 45x.
Polypogon, 516. |
monspeliensis, 516.
Polystichum, 448.
aculeatum, 448.
angulare, 449.
Filix-mas, 450.
Zobatum, 448.
Lonchitis, 448.
spinulosum, 450-
helypterts, 449-
Pond-weed, 372-
horned, 382.
tassel, 381.
Poob-bole, 186.
Poplar, black, 509.
ie white, 509.
Oppy, 13.
Hoxned: 16.
opium, 13.
Welsh, 15.
Populus, 328.
alba, 509.
nigra, 509.
tremula, 328.
Portulacez, 61.
Potamogeton, 372.
alpinus, 374+
angustifolius, 376.
Babingtonii, 378.
coloratus, 373+
crispus, 378.
decipiens, 376.
densus, 378.
filiformis, 381-
Gobeliatys 380.
uitans, 373+
Friesii, a
gramineus, 373» 379-
eee (var.), 375=
eterophyllus, 375+
hibernicus (var.), 375+
interruptus, 380.
deen (var.), 378.
irkii, 373.
lanceolatus, 375.
latifolius (var.), 376.
Lonchitis, 515.
longtfolius, 378.
Potamogeton

ucens, 376.
marinus, 381.
natans, 372.
nitens, 376.
obtusifolius, 379.
pectinatus, 380.
perfoliatus, 378.
plantagineus, 373.
polygonifolius, 372.
przlongus, 377.

pseudo-fluitans (var.), 373.

pusillus, 380.
Tivularis (var.), 373.
tufescens; 374.
serratus (var.), 378.
Sparganitfolius, 373.
trichoides, 515.
undulatus, 378.
Zizii, 376.
zosterzfolius, 515.
Potentilla, 113.
Anserina, 114.
argentea, 486.
Comarum, 114.
Fragariastrum, 113.
fruticosa, 114.
memoralis, 113.
palustris, 114.
procumbens, 113.
reptans, 114.
Tormentilla, 113.
Poterium, 117.
adictyocarpum, 117.
officinale, 117.
Sanguisorba, 117.
Prash-ack-bwee, 32.
Prickly fern, 448.
Primrose, 231.
evening, 489.
Primula, 231.
acaults, 231.
officinalis, 232.
weris, 232.
vulgaris, 231.
Primulacez, 231.
Privet, 236.
Prunella, 286.
vulgaris, 286.
Prunus, 96.
Avium, 96.
Cerasus, 97.
domestica, 485.
insititia, 96.
Padus, 97.
spinosa, 96.
Psamma, 417.
arenaria, 417.
littoralis, 417.
Ptarmica, 181.
vulgaris, 181.
Preris, 442.
aquilina, 442.
Pulicaria, 180. |
dysenterica, 180.
vulgaris, 493.
Pulmonaria, 242.
maritima, 242.
Purging buckthorn, 77.
Fas 6

» 09.
Purslane, sea, 57, 303.
water, I4I.
Pyrethrum, 183.
inodorum, 183.

 

INDEX.

Pyrola, 226.
media, 227.
minor, 227,
rotundifolia, 226.
secunda, 228.
Pyrus, 122.
Aria, 122.
Aucuparia, 123.
communis, 486.
Malus, 123.
rupicola (var.), 123.

Q.

ce 423.
uercus, 322,
pedunculata, 322.
Robur, 322,
sessiliflora (var.), 322.
Cane tree, 123.
uill-wort, 461.

BR.

Radiola, 68.
linoides, 68.
millegrana, 68.
Radish, 39.
horse, 474.
water, 21.
Ragged Robin, 5r.
Ragwort, 189.
Rampion, 498.
Ramsons, 356,
Rahen-yack, 442.
Ranunculacez, r.
Ranunculus, 4.
acris, 8.
arvensis, 472.
auricomus, 8.
Baudotii, 6.
Boreanus, 8.
bulbosus, 9.
circinatus, 4.
canosus, 6.
confusus (var.), 6.
adivaricatus, 4.
Drouetii (var.), 5.
Ficaria, 10.
Flammula, 7.
fluitans, 4.
Friesianus (var.), 9.
Godronii (var.), 5.
hederaceus, 7.
heterophyllus, 5.
hirsutus, 472.
incumbens (var.), ro.
intermedius (var)., 6.
Lenormandi, 6.
Lingua, 7.
parviflorus, 9.
peltatus, 5.
penicillatus, 5.
petiolaris, 7.
pseudo-flurtans, 5.

pseudo-reptans (var.), 7.

radians (var.), 5.
repens, 9.
reptabundus, 9.
sceleratus, 7.
tenuisectus (var.), 9.
tomophyilius (var.), 8.

 

533

Ranunculus
trichophyllus, 4.
tripartitus, 6.
triphyllos (var.), 5.
truncatus (var.), 5.
vulgatus, 9.

Raphanistrum, 39.
innocuum, 39.
maritimum, 39.

Raphanus, 39.
maritimus, 39.
Raphanistrum, 39.

Raspberry, 99.

Rattle, red, 267.

ellow, 267.

Red Rattle, 267.

Reed, 420.
grass, 413.
wood, 416.

Reed-mace, 364.

Reseda, qo.
alba, 477.

Intea, qo.
Luteola, 40.
suffruticulosa, 477.

Resedacez, 4o.

Rest-harrow, 80.

Rhamnez, 77.

Rhamous, 77.
catharticus, 77.
Frangula, 78.

Rhinanthus, 267.
Crista-galli, 267.
fallax (var.), 267.
minor, 267.

Rhodiola, 132.

YOS€a, 132.

Rhynchospora, 391.
alba, 392.
fusca, 391

Rib-wort plantain, 297.

Ribes, 487.

Grossularia, 487.
mip, 487.
rubrum, 487.

Rill-yige, 320.

River dulse, 372.

Roadside leaf, 311.

Rock-cress, 23.

TOSe, 41.

Rocket, London, 29.

Rortpa, 20.
amphrbia, 21.
palustris, 20.

Rosa, 118.
andevagensis (var.), 121.
arvensis, 122. .
bibracteata (var.), 122.
blondzana (var.), 121.
canina, 121.
cinnamomea, 486.
coriifolia (var.), 122.
Dicksoni, 486.
Doniana, (var.), 119.
dumalis (var.), raz.
dumetorum (var.), r2r.
glabra (var.), 119.
glauca, 122.
gracilescens (var.), 119.
gracilis (var.), 119.
hibernica, r19.
involuta, 118.
laevigata (var.), 119.
lutetiana (var.), 121.
534

Rosa
micrantha, 121.
mollis, 119.
mollisstma, 119.
Moorei (var)., 119.
pimpinelitfolia, 118.
pomifera, 486.
pruinosa (var.), 121.
obertsoni (var), 119.
rubiginosa, 120.
Sabini (var.), 118.
scabriuscula (var.), £20.
sepium, 121.
spinosissima, 118.
subcristata (var.), 122.
systyla, 486.
tomentella (var.), 121.
tomentosa, 120.
urbica (var.), 121.

verticillacantha (var.), 121.

willosa, 119.
Wilsoni (var.), 119.

Rosacezx, 96.

Rose bay, 142.
burnet, 118.
dog, 121.
Guelder, 162.
Irish, 119.
rock, 41.

Rose-root, 132.

Rot-water, 274.

Rotbellia, 436.
Siliformis, 436.

Rough chervil, 153.
plant, 168.

Royal fern, 453.

Rubia, 163. é
peregrina, 163.

Rubiacez, 163.

Rubus, 99.

INDEX,

Rubus

Slexuosus, 106.
foliosus, 106.
fruticosus, 99.
fuscus, 106.
Gelertii, 105.

‘atus, 102,
iter, 106.
hemistemon (var.), 100.
hesperius, 102.
hirtifolius, 104.
hirtus, 107.
hystrix (var.), 107.
Idzus, 99.
incurvatus, 100.
infestus, 105.
intermedius (var.), 109.
iricus, 103.
Kaltenbachii (var.), 107.
Keehleri, 107.
leucostachys, 104.
Leyanus, 104.
ligerinus, 109.
Lindleianus, tor.
macrophyllus, 103.

macrostachys (var.), 106.

micans, 103.
mucronatus, 104.
nemoralis, ror.
Newbouldit, 105.
nitidus, 100.
obscurus, 106.
oigoclados, 105.
opacus, 100,
pallidus (var.), 107.
plicatus, 100,
pubescens, 102.
pulcherrimus, ror.
purpureus, 108,
pyramidalis, 103.

Rumex

maritimus, 311.
nemorosus, 310.
obtusifolius, 31x.
palustris, 507.

pulcher, 311.
Sanguineus, 310.
scutatus, 507.
trigranulatus (var.), 322.
utrtdts, 310.

Ruppia, 381.

maritima, 381.
rostellata, 381.
spiralis, 381.

Ruscus, 512.

aculeatus, 512.

Rush, 358.

beak, 3or.
bog, 392.
bull, 388.
club, 389.
flowering, 371.
toad, 358.
twig, 392.
wood, 363.

Rye-grass; 434.

Ss.

Saffron, meadow, 357.
Sage, wood, 296.
Sagina, 57.

apetala, 57.
ciliata, 58.
densa (var.), 58.
Linnzi, 480.
maritima, 58.
nodosa, 59.
procumbens, 58.

adornatus, 106,
affinis, 100.
ampliticatus (var.), 103.
anglosaxonicus, 105.
argentalus, ro2.
arvensis ae I0Q.
asperrimus (var.), 99.
Babingtonii, 106. 2
Balfourianus, 109.
Bellardii, 108,
Bloxamii, 106.
Borzanus, 105.
Borreri, 103.
czsius, 109.
calvatus (var.), 102.
Cariensis, 100,
carpinifolius, too.
chamzmorus, 110.
cognatus (var.), 107.
conjungens (var.), 109.
corylifolius, 108.
eyclophylius (var.), 109.
nicus, 103.
atscolor, 102,
diversifolius (var.), 108.
Drejeri, 104.
dumetorum, 108,
dumnoniensis, ror.
echinatoides (var.), 105.
echinatus, 105.
erythrinus, ror.
fasciculatus (var.), 108.
ferox, 108,
fissus, 99.

 

radula, 105.
rhamnifolius, ror.
rhombifolius, 102.
Rogersii, 100.
rosaceus, 107.
rubiginosus (var.), 108.
rudis, 105.
rusticanus, 102,
Salteri, 102.
saxatilis, 109.
saxicolus, 108,
scaber, 106,
Scabrosus, 108,
Schlechtendalii (var.), 103.
Selmeri (var.), roz.
silvaticus, 102.
Sprengelii, 103.
suberectus, go.
sublustris, 108.
tenuis (var.), 109.
tuberculatus (var.), 108.
vestitus, 104.
villicaulis, rox.
viridis, 108.

Rue, meadow, 1,
wall, 446.

Rumex, 310.
Acetosa, 313.
Acetosella, 313.
acutus (var.), 312.
conglomeratus, 310.
crispus, 312.
Hydrolapathum, 312.
Uimosus, 507.

 

subulata, 58.
Sagittaria, 370.
Sagittifolia, 370.
Sainfoin, 485.
Salad, corn, 170.
Salicinez, 322.
Salicornia, 304.
herbacea, 304.
procumbens, 304.
radicans, 507.
Salix, 322.
acuminata, 509.
alba, 324.
ambigua, 325.
aurita, 324.
caprea, 325,
capreola, 324.
cinerea, 324.
decipiens, 509.
oaeu, 324.
Helix, 328.
herbacea, 326.
Jaurina, 509.
lutescens, 324.
Moorei, 327.
nigricans, 326.
pentandra, 323.
phylicifolia, 325.
procumbens, 509.
purpurea, 327.
repens, 325,
Tubra, 509.
Russeliana, 509.
Smithiana, 326.
Salix

triandra, 322.

undulata, 509.

viminalis, 326.
Sallow, 324.

Salsify, 497.
Salsola, 304.

Kali, 304.
Salt-wort, 304.
Salvia, 283.

Verbenaca, 283.
Sam-vah-curra, 189.

kweeragh, 313.
Sambucus, 162.

Ebulus, 162.

nigra, 162.
Samolus, 235.

Valerandi, 235.
Sampbhire, 155.

golden, 179.

Sand garlic, 355.
Sandwort, 55, 59.
Sangutsorba, 117.

officinalis, 117.
Sanicle, 146.
Sanicula, 146.

europea, 146.
Saponaria, 47.

officinalis, 47.

Vaccaria, 478.
Sarothamnus, 80.

scopartus, 80.

vulgaris, 80.
Saussurea, 195.

alpina, 195.

Savin, 510.
Saw-wort, 195.
Saxifraga, 124.

affinis, 130.

aizoides, 129

Andrewsii, se

ozspitosa, 487.

decipiens (var.), 131.

elegans (var.), 126.

emmifera (var.), 130.
eum, 125.
granulata, r29.

groenlandica (var.), 131.

Guthriana, 487.
Hirculus, rae
hirsuta (var.), 126.
Airta, 130, 131.
hypnoides, 130.
nivalis, 125.
oppositifolia, 124.
punctata (var.), 128.
quinguefida, 130.
serratifolia (var.), 128.
sponhemica (var.), 130
sfellaris, 125.
Sternbergii (var.), 131.
tridactylites, 129.
umbrosa, 127.
Sazifrage, burnet, 151.
peices 131.
idney-leaved, 125.
mossy, 130.
purple, 124.
Saxifragez, 124.
Scabiosa, 173.
arvensis, 173.
Succisa, 173. __
Scabious, Devil’s Bit, 173.
sheep’s, 215.

 

INDEX.

Scaly fern, 446.
Scandix, He
Pecten-Veneris, 153.
Schoberta, 304.
maritima, 304.
Scheenus, 392.
nigricans, 392.
Scilla, 356. ee
Sestalis, 357.
nutans, 357.
verna, 356.
Scirpus, 387.
czspitosus, 387.
Caricis, 515.
cernuus, 388.
fluitans, 388.
lacustris, 388.
maritimus, 389.
nanus, 387.
Parvulus, 387.
pauciflorus, 387.
rufus, 389.
Savii, 388.
setaceus, 388.
sylvaticus, 389.

Tabernzmontani, 388.

Scleranthus, 299.,
annuus, 299.
Selerochloa, 426.
Orrert, 427.
distans, 426.
loliacea, 428.
maritima, 426.
procumbens, 518.
rigtda, 427.
Scolopendrium, 446.
vulgare, 446.
Scorpion-grass, 243.
Scotch fir, 510.
Scrophularia, 257.
alata, 258.
aquatica, 257.
cinerea (var.), 258.
Ehrhartit, 258.
nodosa, 258.
Scorodonia, 503.
umbrosa, 258.
Scrophularinez, 253.
Scurvy-grass, 26.
Scutellaria, 285.
galericulata, 285.
minor, 285.
Nicholsoni, 285.
Sea beet, jor.
blite, 304.
buckthorn, 507.
campion, 48.
cudweed, 181.
fone 242.
olly, 146.
kale, 38.
lavender, 229.
milkwort, 233.
Orache, 301.
pea, 95.
pink, 230.
purslane, 57, 303.
radish, 39.
rocket, 39.
starwort, 174.
stock, 19.
Sedge, 393.
ladder, 412.
bottle, 411.

 

535

Sedge
flea, 393.
Sedum, 132.
acre, 135.
album, 134.
anglicum, 134.
dasyphyllum, 134.
Maximum, 133.
micranthum (var.), 134.
reflexum, 135.
Rhodiola, 132.
vroseum, 132.
rupestre, 488.
Telephium, 133.
Selaginella, 46r.
selaginoides, 461.
spinulosa, 461.
Selaginellacez, 461.
Selt-heal, 286.
Sempervivum, 488.
tectorum, 488.
Senecio, 186.
aquaticus, 189.
Cinerarta, 495.
crassifolius, 187.
erucifolius, 188.
flosculosus (var.), 189.
hibernica (var.), 187.
Jacobzea, 189.
radiatus (var.), 187.
saracenicus, 495-
squalidus, 188.
sylvaticus, 187.
vernalis, 187.
viscosus, 187.
vulgaris, 186.
Senebiera, 34.
Coronopus, 35-
didyma, 34.
pinnatifida, 34.
Sesleria, 421.
coerulea, 421.
Sham-roge, 87, 88.
Sham-sige, 67.
Shamrock, 87.
Shave-grass, 456.
Sheep’s scabious, 215.
sorrel, 313.
Shellis-thrum, agr.
Shepherd’s needle, 153
urse, 34.
Sherardia, ‘Eo.
arvensis, 169.
Shore-weed, 298.
Sibthorpia, 260.
europea, 260.
Siteglingia, 420.
decumbens, 420.
Silaus, 490.
Slavescens, 490.
pratensis, 490.
Silene, 47.
acaulis, 49.
anglica, 48.
Armeria, 478.
conica, 478.
Cucubalus, 47.
dichotoma, 479
inflata, 47.
maritima, 48.
noctiflora, 49.
puberula (var.), 47.
Silver of rushes, 98.
Silver weed, 114.
536

Silybum, 195.
Marianum, 195.
Simethis, 354.
bicolor, 354-
Sinapts, 31.
alba, 32.
arvensts, 32.
nigra, 31.
Sisymbrium, 28.
Alliaria, 30.
Columnz, 475.
Trio, 29.
officinale, 29.
annonicum, 475-
Sophia, 29.
Thalianum, 28.
Sisyrinchium, 351.
anceps, 351.
angustifolium, 351.
Bermudiana, 351.
californicum, 352.
Sium, 150.
angustifolium, 150.
evectum, 150.
latifolium, Be
Skay-ack gee-yal, 124.
Skull-cap, 285.
Slawn loos, 297.
Smyrnium, 147.
Olusatrum, 147.
Snake-weed, 308.
Snap-dragon, 257.
Sneeze-wort, 181.
Snow-flake, 512.
Snowdrop, 512.
Soapwort, 47.
Solanacez, 250.
Solanum, 250.
Dulcamara, 250.
marinum, 251.
nigrum, 251.
Solidago, 174.
angustifolia (var.), 174.
cambrica (var.), 174.
Virgaurea, 174.
Solomon’s Seal, 513.
Sonchus, 213.
arvensis, 214.
asper, 214.
oleraceus, 213.
Sooth thall-oo-an, 112.
Sorbus, 122.
Arta, 122.
Aucuparia, 123.
Sorrel, 313.
French, 507.
mountain, 309.
sheep’s, 313.
wood, 76.
Sowthistle, 213.
Sparganium, 365.
affine, 365.
microcarpum (var.), 365»
minimum, 366.
natans, 365.
neglectum (var.), 365.
ramosum, 365.
simplex, 365.
Spearmint, 504.
Spearwort, 7.
Specularia, 498.
hybrida, 498..
Speedwell, 261.
Spergula, 59.

 

INDEX.

Spergula |
arvensis, 59.
pentandra, 480.
saginotdes, 480.
sativa, 59-
vulgaris, 5%
Spergularia, 59.
media, 60.
rubra, 59.
rupestris, 60.
sativa, 60,
Spike-rush, 385.
Spindle-tree, 77.
Spirzea, 98.
Filipendula, 98.
salicifolia, 486.
Ulmaria, 98.
Spiranthes, 338.
autumnalis, 338
gemmtpara, 339+
Romanzoffiana, 339.
Sprrodela, 369.
polyrhiza, 369.
Spleenwort, 443.
Spurge, 313-
caper, 508.
Spurrey, 59.
knotted, 59.
Squill, vernal, 356.
Squinancy-wort, 168.
St. Dabeoc’s heath, 225.
St. John’s-wort, 63.
St. Mary’s cloak, 115.

St. Patrick’s cabbage, 127.

Stachys, 287.
ambigua, 288.
arvensis, 289.
Betonica, 287.
palustris, 288.
sylvatica, 288.

Star of Bethlehem, 513.

Star-wort, sea, 174.
water, 139.

Statice, 229.
Bahusiensts, 229.
binervosa, 230. .
Dodartii (var.), 230.

intermedia (var.), 230.

occidentalis, 230.
rariflora, 229.
Stellaria, 53.
aquatica, 479.
Borzana (var.), 54+
glauca, 54.
raminea, 55.
olostea, 54.
media, 53.
neglecta (var.), 54.
palustris, 54.
uliginosa, 55.
Stitch-wort, 54.
Stock, sea, 19.
Stone bramble, 109.
Stonecrop, 134.
Stork’s bill, 75.
Strand holly, 146.
Stratiotes, 334.
aloides, 334.
Strawberry, barren, 113.
Hautboy, 486.
wild, 112.
Strawberry tree, 220.
Suzaeda, 304.
maritima, 304.

 

Subularia, 30.
aquatica, 30.
Succtsa, 173.
pratensts, 173.
Sun of the Marsh, 189.
Sundew, 136.
Sweet ae 120.
cicely, 152.
_flag, 367.
Swine’s cress, 35.
Sycamore, 482.
Symphytum, 241.
officinale, 24r.
tuberosum, 500.

t.

Tamus, 512.
communis, 512.
Tanacetum, 184.
vulgare, 184.
Tansy, 184.
Taraxacum, 212.

erythrospermum (var.), 213.

officinale, 212.
palustre (var.), 213.
udum (var.), 213.

Tare, or.

‘Tassel pond-weed, 381.

Taxus, 330.
baccata, 330.

Tea plant, sor.

Tear-thumb, 309.

Teasel, 172.

Teesdalia, 37.
nudicaulis, 37.

Teucrium, 295.
Chameedrys, 505.
Scordium, 295.
Scorodonia, 296.

Thale cress, 28.

Thalictrum, 1.
alpinum, tI.
calcareum, 3.
collinum, 2.
dunense, 2.
flavum, 3.

Slexuosum, 3.
Kochit, 3.
Magus, 3.
minus, 2.
montanum, 3.

Thimble, red, 261.

Thistle, 192.
Carline, 190.
milk, 195.
musk, 192.
spear, 193.

Thlaspi, 37.
arvense, 37.

Thorn-apple, 502.

Thrincta, 211.
Aurta, 211,
hispida, 211.

Thrift, 230.

Thyme, basil, 281.
water, 332.
wild, 281.

Thymus, 281.
Chamedrys, 281.
corstcus, 504.

_ Serpyllum, 282,

Timothy grass, 414.
Tinea, 347.
cylindracea ;
Tithymalus, a
Aubernicus, 314.
Toad rush, 358.
Toad-flax, 253.
Tolypella, 467.
glomerata, 467,
intricata, 468,
nidifica, 520.
prolifera, 468.
Tooth-wort, 271.
Tortlis, 159.
Anthriscus, 189.
infesta, 491.
nodosa, 159.
Tormentil, 113.
Tormentilla, 113.
erecta, 113.
replans, 113.
Tragopogon, 214.
minor (var.), 274,
porrifolius, 497.
pratensis, 214.
Traveller’s joy, 471.
Tree Mallow, 65.
Trefoil, 83.
bird’s-foot, 81, 89.
hare’s-toot, 84.
‘hop, 88

strawberry-headed, 87.

Trichera, 173.
arvensis, 173.
Trichomanes, 440.
Andrewsii (var.), 441.
radicans, 440.
Trifolium, 83.
agrarium, 485.
arvense, 84.
dubium, 88.
filiforme, 88.
fragiferum, 87.
Fes, 86.
ybridum, 484.
maritimum, 484.
medium, 84.
minus, 88.
orntthopodiordes, 81.
pratense, 83.
procumbens, 88.
repens, 87.
resupinatum, 485.
scabrum, 86.
striatum, 85.
subterraneum, 83.
Triglochin, 372.
maritimum, 372-
palustre. 372.
Trigonella, 81.
ornithopodioides, 81.
purpurascens, 81.
Trinia, 489.
vulgaris, 489.
Triodia, 420.
decumbens, 420.
Trisetum, 419.
flavescens, 419.
pratense, 419.
Triticum, 428.
acutum, 436.
caninum, 434+
Junceum, 436.
loliaceunt, 428.
Mooret, 435.

 

INDEX.

Tritecum
pungens, 435+
repens, 435.

Trixago, 260.
viscosa, 266,

Trollius, 11.
europzus, Ir,

ans 473+
&laora, 473.

Tussilago, 186,
Farfara, 186.

Tutsan, 62.

Twayblade, 338.

Twig- rush, 392.

Typha, 364.
angustifolia, 364,
latifolia, 364,

Typhacez, 364.

U~.

Ulex, 79.
europzus, 79.
Gallii, 80.
strictus, 79.
Ulmus, 318.
montana, 318.
suberosa, 508.
Umbelliferz, 146,
Umbilicus, 132.
pendulinus, 132.
Urtica, 319. ,
dioica, 319.
pilulifera, 508.
urens, 319.
Urticacez, 318.
Utricularia, 272.
intermedia, 273.
minor, 273.
neglecta, 273.
vulgaris, 272.

v.

Vacciniex, 218.
accinium, 218.
cantabricum, 225.
Myrtillus, 219.
Oxycoccus, 219.
Vitis-Idaa, 218.
Valerian, 169.
red, 170.
Valeriana, 169-
ikanii, 170.
Officinalis, 169-
Pyrenaica, 492.
Sambucifclia, 169.
Valerianex, 169.
Valerianella, 170-
Auricula, 171-
carinata, 492.
dentata, 171.
Morrtsontt, 17%.
olitoria, 170.
rimosa, 171.
Verbascum, 253.
Blattaria, 502.
nigrum, 502.
Thapsus, 253.
virgatum, 502.
Verbena, 276.
officinalis, 276.
Verbenacezx, 276.

2N

 

587

Vernal grass, 413.
squill, 356.
Veronica, 261.
agrestis, 261.
Anagallis, 264,
arvensis, 262.
Beccabunga, 264.
Buxbaumii, 262.
Chamezedrys, 263.
hederzfolia, 261.
montana, 263.
officinalis, 262.
peregrina, 264.
persica, 262.
polita, 262.
scutellata, 263.
serpyllifolia, 262.
Tournefortii, 262.
triphyllos, 503.
Vervain, 276,
Vetch, 485.
bitter, 92.
bush, 92.
kidney, 89.
tufted, or.
wood, 92.
Vetchling, 94.
Viburnum, 162.
Lantana, pe
Opulus, 162.
Vicia, oI. ‘
angustifolia, 93.
Cracca, 91-
gemella, 9i-
hirsuta, 91-
lathyroides; 93-
Orobus, 92:
sativa, 485.
sepium, 93-
sylvatica, 92+
tetraspermia, 91-
Villarsia, 300.
ny mphw@oides, 500.
Vinca, 499.
Major, 499-
. Minor, 499-
fola, 42.
arvensis, 45-
canina, 44.
Curtisii, 46.
hirta, 43.
lutea, 46.
odorata, 42.
palustris, 42.
persicafolia, 45.
Reichenbachiana, 44.
Riviniana, 43-
stagnina, 45.
sylvatica, 43.
sylvestris, 44.
tricolor, 45.
Violacez, 42.
Violet, 42.
dog, 44.
sweet, 42.
water, 231.
Viper’s bugloss, 247.
Viscum, 508.
album, 508.
Vulfia, 428.
membranacea, 428.
Myuros, 428.
scturoides, 429.
auniglumts, 428.
538

w.

Wabhlenbergia, 216.
hederacea, 216.
Wall, lettuce, 213.
mustard, 33.
pellitory, 320.
pepper, 135.
rue, 446.
‘Wallflower, 19.
Water, avens, 112.
blinks, 61.
cress, 20.
crowfoot, 4.
dropwort, 155-
germander, 205.
hemlock, 148.
lily, 12.
lobelia, arg.
milfoil, 138.

parsnep, 147, 150.

pipes, 456.
plantain, 369.
purslane, rqr.
soldier, 334.
starwort, 139.
thyme, 332.
violet, 231.
wort, 61.
Way-bread, 297.
‘Wayfaring tree, 4gr.
Weasel-snout, 293.

 

INDEX.

Weld, 41.

Welsh poppy, 15.
Wheat-grass, 434.
Whin, 79.

White helleborine, 340.

horehound, 286,

mignonette, 477.
White-thorn, 124.
Whitlow-grass, 26.
Whortleberry, 219.
Willow, 322.

almond-leaved, 322.

bay, 323-
crack, 324.
herb, 143+

rose, 327»
tea-leaved, 325,
white, 324.

_ Winter heliotrope, 186.

Winter-green, 226.
Woad, 477.
Wood Avens, F12.
reed, 416.
rush, 363.
sage, 2096.
sorrel, 76.
Woodbine, 163.
Woodruff, 168.
Worm -wood, 184.
Wound plant, ze
Woundwort. 288.
Wych elm, 318..

FINIS.

 

x.

Xanthium, 493.
Strumarium, 493.

¥,

Yellow bird’s-nest, 228.
boy, 189.
flag, 351.
monkey-flower, 259.
rattle, 267.
weed, 41,
wort, 237.
Yellow-eyed grass, 352.
Yew, 330.
Yure, 330.

Z

Zannichellia, 382.
brachystemon, 382.
palustris, 382.
pedunculata, 382.
polycarpa, 383.

Zostera, 383.
marina, 383.

Nana, 383.
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