a New VDork HState College of Agriculture At Cornell Gnibersity Bthaca, N. D. Librarp “Tien BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCIENCE SERIES, VOL. 1, No. 5, Pr. 157-368. (conctusion.) ts ANALYTIC KEYS TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES ~ BY CHARLES REID BARNES REVISED AND EXTENDED BY FRED DrFOREST HEALD, WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE AUTHOR. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF LAW AND WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY MADISON, WIS. *-PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY DECEMBER, 1896. ts INTRODUCTION. PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS. In the summer of 1886 I published for free distribution a key to the genera of mosses recognized in the Manual of Lesquereux and James. A large edition of that key was soon exhausted, and I have been frequently assured that it proved of real service to students of mosses. Although much misgiving was felt as to its accuracy very few changes have been found necessary, and it is now presented for the third time substantially as it was at the first, ex- cept for the changes involved in its extension to include the sub-genera of Hypnum, most of which, as given in the Manual referred to, are certainly of generic rank. Encouraged by the approval of the key to genera, in May, 1890, I published keys to the species of North Ameri- can mosses recognized by Lesquereux and James. These keys were printed in the eighth volume of the Transac tions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Let- ters, and a considerable edition of separates was also struck off. In those keys I included the comparatively small number of new species which had been described since the the issue of the Manual. The work made no pretensions to a critical study of North American mosses, but was de- signed only. as a convenience: for students. The new edition here presented is meant to serve the same purpose more fully. : THE NEW EDITION. - Three reasons have induced me to prepare a new edition. (1) The separate edition printed in 1890 was exhausted sev- iv BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. eral years ago, and requests for copies of it were being re- ceived continually. (2) It will be several years before the new Manual of North American mosses can be com- pleted, and much information is needed to make critical study for that work possible. (38) A very large number of new species have been described since 1890, about which itis especially desirable to have more accurate information. I was fortunate in being able to associate with me in this work Mr. Fred D. Heald, sometime fellow in botany in the University of Wisconsin, who has prepared the first draft of the revision. Of some particular parts of the work for which credit is due him I shall speak later. COLLECTED DESCRIPTIONS. Comparatively few who would be glad to collect and study mosses have access to the various publications in which the species new to our flora have been described. We have thought it best, therefore, at the risk of adverse criticism, to append to the keys collected descriptions of all species not found in Lesquereux and James’ Manual. For the specialist this may be looked upon as wasted energy; but these keys are prepared chiefly for amateurs, who will doubtless be glad to have these descriptions brought to hand. The source of the descriptions reprinted in the Appendix is always cited. The descriptions are not always the orig- inal ones, though generally they are if the species is one recently named. We have not thought it necessary in other cases even to cite the original description which can be found readily from the clue given. KINDBERG’S NEW SPECIES. A great number of new species have been described by Dr. N. C. Kindberg, of Linkoping, Sweden, and by Dr. C. Miller, of Halle, in collaboration with Kindberg, from the collections brought together by John Macoun, botanist of BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES, v the Dominion of Canada. There is good reason to believe that a majority of these are not well founded. It is, of course, true that species as such do not exist in nature, and, therefore, that there will be diverse judgments as to what individuals should be grouped to form a species. But there is a general agreement that changes induced by the immediate action of the environment upon the individ- ual can not furnish a proper basis for specific distinctions. Many of Kindberg’s species are established upon such slight differences in size, shape or habit as may readily be induced by the immediate action of deficient or excessive moisture, light or shade, etc. Other species are based upon wholly insufficient material. When immature or barren specimens of Barbula and Bryum are described as new species, one who knows the remark- able variability of the vegetative parts of plants can not but doubt the value of distinctions based upon them. Only the repeated collection of barren specimens with some persistent peculiarities can justify the establishment of new species upon such material. Moreover, critical examination of Kindberg’s new species in several genera have been made by a number of bryolo- gists, among whom may be named Mrs. Britton, Best, Grout, Barnes, True, Cheney, Renauld, and Cardot. Without ex- ception these students have declared a considerable num- ber of the plants described as new to be referable to those already described, of which they are either slight varieties or forms unworthy a separate name. In a revision of the genus Dicranum (ined.), for example, Barnes and True have been compelled to reject seventeen out of eighteen species described by Kindberg. These species are in many cases not only ill founded. Few of the descriptions are either accurate or sufficient. Very many are so brief and so purely comparative that it is impossible to obtain a definite idea of the diagnostic characters. vi BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. SCOPE OF THE KEYS. In the keys we have endeavored to include all the species reported or described as belonging to our flora, unless a later special study of the genus has shown the addition to be untenable. Such special studies are cited in the keys. The incompleteness of many descriptions, and the lack of diagnostic characters have seriously hampered us in re- arranging the keys, and they will fail, therefore, in many cases to differentiate described species. We have been at considerable pains to include as many of the barren and insufficiently described species as possible, in order that these may be recognized, if they exist, or may be referred to their appropriate place. Material which will enable students either to diagnose them clearly or to overthrow them would be of great value. The keys do not generally discriminate varieties, but it is very important that collectors and amateurs keep in mind the variability of the mosses and seek to bring to light as many facts as possible bearing on this problem, so that the range of variability may be ascertained. To facil- itate this we have also collected descriptions of varieties not appearing in the Manual. In these varietal descrip- tions the comparisons, unless otherwise stated, are with the characters of the species. NOMENCLATURE. It seemed to us highly desirable to avoid the making of new names in a compilation like this. We have therefore used, as a basis for our work, Renauld and Cardot’s Musci Americe Septentrionalis.:. In basing our keys upon that list we do not thereby express our adherence to the nomencla- ture employed. Of many species therein neither the 1 Published in the Revue Bryologique 19: 65-69. 1892 and 20: 1-32. 1893. Afterward this was issued as a separate and, most unfortunately, e-paged and revised. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. vil \ present names nor the autonomy can be maintained. But it enables us to avoid constructing new names in this pub- lication, so that it need not be cited in the future litera- ‘ture of taxonomy. This list also saved us much labor of compilation, both of names and of geographical distribution. Only such changes were made in the species included as seemed warranted by the special studies before mentioned. To the species therein enumerated we have added those described since its publication up to January 1, 1896. We have departed from this list and published mono- graphs in only two genera. In Dicranum we have used the results of the study of Barnes and True, and in Am- blystegium those of Cheney (both at present unpublished), so far as the omission of certain species of these genera is concerned. We have not included some new species yet in MSS., believing that this bulletin is not a suitable place for publishing them. It is scarcely necessary to add that no attention has been paid to nomina nuda. CITATIONS. For the sake of brevity we have cited Macoun’s Catalogue of Canadian Plants, Part VI. Mosses, by Macoun and Kindberg, simply as Mac. Cat., to which its independent paging lends itself. Likewise Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutsch- land, Usterreich und der Schweiz, Part IV. Die Laubmoose, by Limpricht, is cited as Limpr. Laubm. Other citations are given in full or with abbreviated accurate titles. In all cases we have cited the original publication of Renauld and Cardot’s Musci Americe Septentrionalis in the Revue Bryologique. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Upon Mr. Heald has fallen the bulk of the work of col- lating the list of species to be included and selecting the descriptions to be reprinted. Many of the latter are trans- viii BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. lated from Latin, French, or German, with most of which he is also to be credited. Perhaps his most difficult task was in preparing the new part of the key to the genera of Hypnacee, and the keys to the species of Hypnum. The incorporation of the many new species in the keys to the larger genera, such as Sphagnum, Barbula, Grimmia and Bryum, was also a difficult task, made doubly difficult by im- perfect descriptions and want of figures. There is scarcely a key which he has not altered more or less to permit these insertions, and some are completely rearranged. In this work advantage has been freely taken of the suggestions, and sometimes of the very characters, in the keys found in Limpricht’s Laubmoose, Braithwaite’s British Moss Flora, Husnot’s Muscologia Gallica, and Warnstorf’s Char- acteristik und Uebersicht der nord-, mittel-, und sidamerikanischen Torfmoose. For the key of Dicranum thanks are due to Professor R. H. True and for that of Amblystegium to Professor L. S. Cheney, both of the University of Wisconsin. The first draft of the manuscript prepared by Mr. Heald I have carefully edited, revised, and, in some parts, re-ar- ranged. In the absence of Mr. Heald from the country, the not inconsiderable labor of attending to the details of publication has fallen upon me. For corrections to the previous edition acknowledgments are due toMrs. HE. G. Britton, Miss Clara E. Cummings, Mr. H. A. Rau, Dr. C. W. Swan, Mr. Marshall A. Howe,Mr. Edo Claassen, Professor L. S. Cheney and Professor R. H. True. The unfailing kindness of Mrs. E. G. Britton in supply- ing specimens, information as to particular species, and copies of several inaccessible descriptions receives also our grateful recognition. Professor Conway MacMillan has also put us under ob- ligations by the loan of periodicals not accessible here. We shall be grateful for notice of errors or omissions in the present edition. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. ix USE OF THE KEYS. Upon page 157 is a key to the four orders of Musci. The first three orders each have a single genus only. To the genera of the fourth order, BRYALES, the key upon the fol- lowing twelve pages is devoted. In this key there are always at least two choices pre- sented, whose equivalence is indicated by similar numbers or signs preceding the line, or by equal indention of the lines, which usually begin with the same word or its op- posite. When the second member does not follow on the same page a reference to the page upon which it does oc- cur follows the first. For an example see page 158. ‘When there are more than two choices offered, all except the first and last are followed by a number or sign to indicate that a succeeding one is to be sought. Foran example see page 160. When the accepted choice is followed by a dotted line leading to the name of agenus, the description of that genus will be found in Lesquereux and James’ Manual of the Mosses of North America on the page indicated by Arabic figures of ordinary face (999). The key to the species of that genus will be found on the page of this work indi- cated by the bold face figures (999) following. If the genus be not described in the Manual it will be found described in the Appendix, on the page indicated by italic figures (999.) In the keys to species the correlative choices are indi- cated in the same way. Arabic figures (999) following the name of a species show that the species will be found de- scribed in the Manual on the page named. If followed by italic figures (999), a description will be found in the Ap- pendix on the page indicated. APOLOGIA PRO LABORE SUO. No one realizes more clearly than the writer that such work as that which is now presented to students is in one x BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. sense “dead work.” Yet in another it is vital. It is in itself of only temporary value. It perishes with the using. The user may soon get beyond the need of a crutch. The only justification for such work is its usefulness to amateurs, who may by its help put bryologists in posses- sion of facts regarding the distribution, variation, and re- lationships of our moss flora which could not be gained without their aid. These keys are published, therefore, purely as an encouragement to the study of our mosses, which with the Hepatice are more neglected than any other group of which we have accessible descriptions. An earnest student equipped with patience, some skill in dissection, a compound microscope, and the Manual, ought to be able with the assistance of these keys to determine the names of most of the mosses which he can collect. Those which remain uncertain he can refer to those who possess the illustrations and exsiccati which are often in- dispensable for identification. CHARLES R. BARNES. University of Wisconsin, December 15, 1896. ANALYTIC KEY TO THE GENERA OF MOSSES. Orper I.— Sphagnales. Capsule dehiscing by a deciduous operculum, peristome none, leaves composed of large hyaline cells, with intervening rows of small chlorophyllose ones. Genus single : 5 ‘ f : , . Sphagnum, 12. 170. Orper IJ.— Andrezales. Capsule dehiscing by four (rarely six) longitudinal slits. Genus single é | ; i ‘ ‘ ‘ Andreza, 25. 175. Orper III.— Archidiales. Capsule bursting irregularly, spores few and very large. Genus single é ‘ ~ & @ ‘ . Archidium, 49. 176, Orper IV.—Bryales. Capsule bursting irregularly (spores numerous) or gen- erally dehiscing by a deciduous operculum, in the latter case usually furnished with a peristome. Leaves not sphagnoid. Genera numerous as follows: 1. CLEISTOCARPI.— Capsule without a deciduous operculum. (II on p. 158.) A. Green protonema persistent, (Bon p. 158.) Leaves ecostate. Capsule colorless ‘ 6 ‘ , ‘ . Micromitrium, 37. 176, Capsule colored. é i : ‘ i . Ephemerum, 37. 176. Leaves costate ‘ 5 i 7 ‘i . i Ephemerum, 37. 176. 158 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. B. Green protonema not persistent. Margins of leaves flat or incurved. Leaves lance-obovate to broad ovate or ovate lanceolate, not abruptly pointed. Margins dentate or serrate : i ‘i Physcomitrella, 39. Margins entire . ; é : . Voitia, 42, 43. Leaves linear-lanceolate to shuts or abruptly pointed. Calyptra mitrate : é ; : ‘ ‘ . Bruchia, 45. 177. Calyptra cucullate 7 j ‘ i 3 Pleuridium, 43. 177, [Astomum may be sought here.] Margins of leaves more or less revolute. Capsule spherical A : 5 : ; . Spherangium, 40. 176. Capsule short-pointed. Calyptra mitrate . . 7 . 3 Microbryum, 45, 37. Calyptra cucullate - : 3 ‘i . Phascum, 41. 177. Il. STEGOCARPI.—Capsule with a deciduous operculum. A. Acrocarri.— Capsule at the apex of the stem, either the main shoot or a well developed branch. (B on p. 166.) 1. Mouth of the capsule naked. (20n p. 159.) [Weisia viridula vars, may be sought here.] * Leaf-cells isodiametric, at least above the middle of the leafs, often obscure. (* * on p, 159.) Lid imperfectly formed, persistent : ‘ 5 Astomum, 51. 178. Lid perfect, deciduous. Capsule immersed. Leaves lamellose ‘ 3 ‘i ‘ ‘ Pharomitrium, 100. Leaves not lamellose. Apex hyaline or prolonged into a hyaline hair. Perichaetial leaves ciliate és F ‘ . Hedwigia, 152. Perichaetial leaves not ciliate . ‘ é Grimmia, 134. 197. Apex obtuse, plants robust, blackish ‘ Scouleria, 137. 197. Capsule exserted, ribbed when dry. Calyptra cucullate. Leaves with long hyaline points : . - Braunia, 152. Leaves not hyaline pointed. Capsule contracted below the orifice Amphoridium, 158. 201. Capsule not contracted below the orifice . Zygodon, 206. 201. Calyptra campanulate-mitrate, plicate, usually hairy . ‘ ; ‘ : ‘i Macromitrium, 178. 206. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 159 Calyptra long clavate-companulate, not plicate nor hairy. Costa with loose cells in center of section Encalypta, 180. 206. Costa with central stereid strand . j Merceya,! 242. Capsule exserted, not ribbed when dry. Calyptra persistent, plicate, twisted ‘ . Calymperes, 184. 207. Calyptra persistent, smooth, surpassing capsule. Costa with loose cells in center of section .. Encalypta, 180. 206. Costa with central stereid strand 3 é Merceya,! 242. Calyptra not persistent, often fugacious. Leaves ciliate at the base, obtuse, flat (€dipodium, 244, 245. Leaves not ciliate at the base, pointed, carinate, distichous ‘ ‘ ‘ ; ‘ ‘ Eustichia, 94. Leaves not ciliate at the base, pluriseriate. Linear-lanceolate, margins plane. Costa filling elongated point, plants minute, Anodus, 96. Costa percurrent. Capsule on a short lateral branch Anectanginm, 54. 179. Capsule terminating main axis Gymnostomum, 52. 178, Ovate lanceolate, margins reflexed ‘ . Barbula, 115, 191. Broad, often hair pointed, plants minute . Pottia, 100. 188. ** Leaf cells plainly elongated, distinct. Lid small, convex or short-conic, capsule microstome. Leaves vertically inserted ‘ : i . Schistostega, 188. Leaves subulate, dentate . ; ‘ ‘ . Bartramia, 203. 210. Leaves broad, entire, calyptra enclosing capsule Pyramidula, 196. Lid large (rarely small), capsule macrostome._ Capsule splitting at the middle ‘ js Aphanorhegma, 196. Capsule dehiscing regularly above the middle, not covered by calyptra : ‘ s . Physcomitrium, 196. 209. 2. Mouth of the capsule furnished with a peristome. * Peristome single. (* * on p. 164.) + Teeth articulate. (+ + on p. 163.) ++ Teeth eight. (++ ++ 0n p. 160.) Leaves thick, coriaceous ‘ : ‘ . Octoblepharum, 91. [Orthotrichum and Ptychomitrium (§ Notarisia) may be sought here, 1@enus only known in sterile state; wherefore its place: in the key cannot be deter- mined except as its leaves ally it to Hncalypta. 160 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. ++ ++ Teeth sixteen, calyptra mitrate. (H+ ++ ++) = Calyptra plicate. Teeth cribrose, purple : , ; ‘ . Coscinodon, 154. Teeth filiform, trifid ‘ 5 2 ‘ . Ptychomitrium, 156. Teeth approximate or connate in pairs. Lanceolate to subulate, papillose 3 . Ptychomitrium, 156. Triangular-lanceolate, articles quadrate. Basal leaf-cells linear, chlorophyllose ; : . Ulota, 160. Basal leaf-cells hexagono-rectangular, hyaline Orthotrichum, 164. Teeth short, pale, fragile , 2 : ‘ Macromitrium, 178. == Calyptra not plicate. Aquatic, floating. Leaves distichous 2 : j Fissidens (§ Octodiceras), 89. Leaves pluriseriate z ; ; ‘ ‘ . Cinclidotus, 134. Terrestrial. Very small, gregarious. Teeth broad, erose-truncate, hyaline 3 . Brachyodus, 98. Teeth linear-lanceolate, deeply bifid . . Campylostelium, 99. Larger, above 1 cm. in height. Leaf-cells small, quadrate or punctate, obscure. Beak long-clavate : 5 7 j ‘ Encalypta, 180. Beak long or short, not clavate. Teeth lanceolate, flat, subentire or cribrose or 2—3-fid to the middle ‘i : 5 - Grimmia, 134. Teeth linear-lanceolate, 2—3-fid to below middle, or cleft to base into filiform segments Rhacomitrium, 147. Leaf-cells large, very distinct, pedicel with a prominent apophysis. Apophysis smaller than the capsule. : Leaves entire, obtuse ‘i 5 , , - Dissodon, 189. Leaves serrate, acute or acuminate . - Tayloria, 190. Apophysis exceeding the capsule F . Splachnum, 193. 201. 201. 201. 202. 208. 206. 186. 206. 197. 199. 207. 208. 208. tH+++++ Teeth sixteen, calyptra cucullate. (++++++++0n p. 163.) = Leaves distichous. (==on p. 161.) Leaves subulate ‘ ‘ ; ‘ 5 i . Distichium, 93. Leaves broader, with a prominent vertical wing . Fissidens, 81. 187. 185. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. == Leaves pluriseriate. { Capsule unsymmetric, cernuous-inclined or arcuate. Teeth filiform-bifid from a membranous base . Desmatodon, 110. Teeth irregularly lacerate or bifid to the middle or below. Leaf cells not enlarged at the basal angles, roundish or quadrate above. Lid long-beaked, leaves serrulate, peristome equaling half the capsule : ‘ . Dichodontium, 61. Lid long-beaked, leaves atlas or denticulate, peristome shorter ‘i i , : . Cynodontium, 59. Lid short-beaked a ‘ ‘ r . Oreoweisia, 58. Leaf-cells not enlarged at the fie angles, oblong above, rectangular at base . ; 3 . Dicranella, 64. Leaf-cells enlarged-quadrate at the basal angles. Linear at base, capsule not strumose, dioicous Dicranum,? 67. Rectangular at base, capsule strumose, monoicous ‘ 7 3 Cynodontiun, 59. Leaf-cells of two kinds, in two or ive finan Leucobryum, 90. Teeth bifid to near the base. Lid conic, leaves subulate : : ‘ : . Trichodon, 92. Lid conic, leaves lanceolate . . : . Ceratodon, 92. Lid aristate, neck very long . ‘ é ‘ Trematodon, 62. Teeth not cleft, short, irregular . . 3 . Catoseopium, 211. Teeth not cleft, cohering by their tips. a Conostomum, 207. Teeth not cleft, perforate. Neck long, exceeding the capsule. ‘i . Trematodon, 62. Neck inconspicuous, plants small 3 ; . Discelium, 188. Neck inconspicuous, plants large F - . Oreoweisia, 58. Teeth not cleft nor perforate. Lid with a short thick oblique beak . . Oreoweisia, 58. Lid with a short slender oblique beak 3 . Cynodontium, 59. [Mielichhoferia and Funaria may be sought here.] 7 7 Capsule symmetric, pendulous on a flexuous pedicel. ({ { J on p. 162.) Teeth bifid to the middle ; i r - . Campylopus, 77. Teeth bifid to the base, free . 6 . . Dieranodontium, 77. Teeth bifid to the common membranous base. Connivent and slightly twisted . ‘ F . Desmatodon, 110. Erect, not twisted . : ; : a . Trichostomum, 108. Teeth entire, short, plants minute : : 3 . Seligeria, 96. 161 190. 180. 179. 180. 181. 179. 187. 187. 187, 180. 180. 179. 184. 184, 190. 190. 188, 1The genus Monocranum C. Mill is not included in the key on account of its doubtful nature, 162 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. 71 F Capsule symmetric, erect. Teeth bifid to the common membranous base. Leaves subulate to lance-subulate from a broader base ‘ ‘ 2 ‘ 3 3 3 A Ditrichum, 105. Leaves broader. Lid short, conic or beaked ¢ 7 . Desmatodon, 110. Lid elongated, conic . : 3 . Trichostomum, 108. [Barbula may be sought here.] Teeth deeply bifid or cleft to the base, free. Leaf-cells small, not enlarged at the angles, oblong 189. 190. 190. above , : - Dicranella, 64. 180. Leaf-cells small, ‘eat Sidinegeei at és sural, roundish or quadrate above. Lid oblique : : 3 3 ‘ : . Cynodontium, 59. 179. Lid straight ‘i : . . Leptodontium, 116, 117. Leaf-cells small, wrilarwed qua dents at the angles Dicranum, 67. 181. Leaf-cells large, distinct 4 3 é Aongstremia, 63. Teeth cribrose, perforate or slightly cleft. Leaf-cells enlarged-quadrate at the angles. Capsule broad-pyriform 3 ‘ i : . Blindia, 98. 108. Capsule oval to sub-cylindric . : . Dicranoweisia, 57. 179. Leaf-cells not enlarged at the angles. Teeth large, mostly cribrose. Pedicel little exceeding the often hair-pointed leaves ; 5 ‘ : Grimmia, 134. 197. Pedicel long, —— hairs pointed é - Desmatodon, 110. 190. Pedicel long, leaves not hair-pointed. Leaves serrate just above sheathing base Eucladium, 44, 47. Leaves entire or crenulate above 3 . Didymodon, 104. 189. Teeth small, often truncate or rudimentary. Leaf-margins involute above . : , ‘ Weisia, 55. 179. Leaf-margins revolute or plane. Leaves densely papillose in the upper part Didymodon, 104. 189. Leaves not papillose. Capsule long exserted, lid completely deciduous Pottia, 100. 188. Capsule subimmersed, lid adhering to colu- mella ; ‘i - 5 ; ‘ Scouleria, 137. 197. Teeth entire. [Cynedontium and Eucladium may also be sought here.] Capsule with a long, thick apophysis - . Tetraplodon, 191. 208. Capsule oval to subcylindric. Not ribbed when dry. Teeth short, leaves entire, narrow . ‘ - Weisia, 55. 179. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 163 Teeth short, leaves serrate, broad. . Syrrhopodon, 185. 207. Teeth linear-filiform, connate at base Didymodon, 104. 180. Teeth narrowly lanceolate, free ‘ . Dicranoweisia, 57. 179. Ribbed when dry . a . Rhabdoweisia, 58. 179. Capsule short-pyriform, eae weed ee Teeth blunt 3 ‘ i : 4 é j . Seligeria, 96. 188. Teeth acute . 2 ‘ . Blindia, 98. 108. Capsule pyriform, not uchiuate whic sas Plants gregarious or subcespitose 3 ‘ Entosthodon, 199. 209. Plants in deep compact tufts 3 : Mielichhoferia, 214. 211. Capsule ovate-globose, lid obliquely long-beaked Drummondia, 160. 209. Capsule globose, lid beakless, small é i Bartramia, 203. 210. Ht t + Teeth thirty-two. Teeth cancellate ‘ ‘ i ; ‘ i Barbula, 115. 191. Teeth filiform or linear, almost terete, arising from a long or short basilar membrane. Short, slightly, if at all, twisted. Leaves (upper) convolute-sheathing at base Leptobarbula. 123, 124 Leaves not sheathing at base. Subulate or lance-subulate from a broader base i ‘ ‘ . : . Ditrichum, 105. 189. Broader, lid distin -conic 7 ‘ Trichostomum, 108. 190. [Barbula rigidula will be sought here.] Broader, lid short-conic or short-beaked Desmatodon, 110. 190. Long, twisted to the left , ‘ a : . Barbula, 115. 191. Teeth flat, not from a distinct basilar membrane. Cells of capsule linear-oblong ‘ : . Dicranodontium, 77. 184, Cells of capsule irregularly polygonal . 3 Didymodon, 104. 189. ++ Teeth not articulate. ++ Teeth four, solid. Capsule linear-oblong, stems long, conspicuous . ‘Tetraphis, 186. 207. Capsule ovate, stems very short F , . Tetrodontium, 187. +++ Teeth thirty-two or sixty-four. (Leptobarbula may be sought here.] Calyptra cucullate, capsule symmetric or nearly so. Leaves undulate-crisped when dry, lamelle few (2—8), . straight ‘ 4 5 : * - . Atrichum, 255, 221. ' 164 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. Leaves sub-tubulose at apex, lamelle undulate or numerous 3 : : ‘ . QOligotrichum, 258. 222. Calyptra cucullate, mana unsymmetric, arcuate in- curved 5 " : ; é Psilopilum, 259. Calyptra mitrate, densely ieee Capsule not angular, teeth 32 , ‘ . . Pogonatum, 260. 222. Capsule 4—6 angled, teeth 64 . . : . Polytrichum, 263. 223. * * Peristome double. + Capsule symmetric, erect (sometimes inclined in age). Teeth almost 0, imperfect or rudimentary . Macromitrium, 178. 206. Teeth perfect, linear or filiform. Capsule smooth. Teeth revolute : : < : ; . Schlotheimia, 179. Teeth not revolute. Leaves ecostate ; i ‘ ; : Fontinalis, 268. 224. Leaves costate. Leaf-cells oval hexagonal, capsule long exserted ; 5 2 ‘ . Leptotheea, 251. Leaf-cells octane capsule tialdencedl Brachelyma.? Leaf-cells linear-attenuate, capsule immersed or emergent ; . ‘ ‘ . Dichelyma, 272. 225. Capsule ribbed and twisted. Costa with loose cells in center of section s Encalypta, 180. 206. Costa with central stereide band . ‘ . Merceya,? 242. Teeth broadly or narrowly triangular-lanceolate, pale, capsule ribbed, not twisted. Leaf-cells at base linear, chlorophyllose . : - Ulota, 160. 202. Leaf-cells at base hexagono-rectangular, hyaline. Lid straight, conical or acuminate ‘ Orthotrichum, 164. 203. Lid obliquely rostrate : ‘ i 3 . ygodon, 206. 201. ++ Capsule unsymmetric, inclined or oblique or pendulous. ++ Inner peristome a plaited cone. (++ ++ on p. 165.) Pedicel thick, red, densely verrucose ‘ : Buxbaumia, 267. 223. Pedicel very short, almost none . F : . Diphyscium, 266. 1 Including one species, B. subulatum Sch. (Diehelyma subulatum Myrin; Cryphea inundata Nees. L.and J. Manual, pp. 274 and 413.) 2 See footnote’p. 159, BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 165 +++4 Inner peristome a membrane, carinate or cut into sixteen segments; these sometimes separated by cilia. = Cilia very short, rudimentary or none. Membrane entire, 16-carinate F z ‘ . Cinclidium, 249, 221. Membrane cleft into segments. Segments entire or interruptedly cleft along the middle line. Shorter than the teeth or rudimentary 7 . Funaria, 200. 210. Equaling the teeth in length. Leaves squarrose-recurved from the middle . Paludella, 213. Leaves not squarrose. Pedicel long. Leaf-cells narrowly rhombic-hexagonal, tending to linear, leaves narrow . . . Webera, 215. 211. Leaf-cells and leaves broader : : . Bryum, 223. 214. Pedicel short, neck long ; : : Zieria, 240. 219. Far exceeding the teeth in length. Pedicel long, leaf-cells large, pellucid ‘ Amblyodon, 211. Pedicel long, leaf-cells small, rectangular, chloro- phyllose ki ‘ ‘ > < , . Meesia, 212. 211. Pedicel short, neck lon ‘ 2 ‘ ¥ Zieria, 240. 219. Segments bifid, divisions divaricate. Leaves lanceolate to subulate, large : . Bartramia, 203. 210. Leaves lanceolate or broader, smaller ° Philonotis, 208. 211. Segments filiform, united by fours at their tips . Timmia, 254. 221, == Cilia present. Appendiculate. Leaves lance-subulate, cells linear. ‘ . Leptobryum, 215. Leaves broader, cells rhombic-hexagonal : . Bryun, 223. 214, Inappendiculate. Capsule not ribbed when dry. Leaves lanceolate, glossy, cells narrowly rhombic- hexagonal, inclining to linear z é . Webera, 215. 211. Leaves ample, soft, oblong, ovate to obovate or broader, cells round-hexagonal ‘ : . Mnium, 241. 219... Leaves narrowly lanceolate, rigid ‘ . Rhizogonium, 250. Capsule ribbed when dry. Oblong or elongated pyriform . 5 . Aulacomnium, 252. 221. Sub-globose . a : ‘i : : . Philonotis, 208. 211. 166 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. B. Prevurocarri. Capsule ona very short lateral branch. [Fontinalis, Dichelyma and Anectangium may be sought here.] 1. Peristome single (rarely none), teeth eight or sixteen. [Species belonging to genera under “2 *” infra may be sought here.] Leaves distichous, with broad vertical wing - . Fissidens, 81. 185. Leaves pluriseriate. Entire (except perhaps at the apex) and ecostate. Perichaetial leaves erose-dentate at apex P Habrodon, 296. ~~~ Perichaetial leaves entire : : 5‘ Leucodon, 287. 227, Entire and costate. Short acuminate, teeth 16, yellowish 3 Clasmatodon, 297. Obtuse, teeth 8, red. : . . ; . Cryphea, 275. 226. ~Serrate, capsule emergent : 3 . Leptodon, 278. 226. Serrate to ciliate-dentate, capsule igi pedicelled Fabronia, 294. 228. 2. Peristome double, the inner often imperfect. * Segments none or short, or obscured by adhering to teeth. (* * on p. 167.) + Leaves papillose. Entire, ovate to ovate-lanceolate. ~. Teeth ciliate-papillose : ; ; ‘ : . Leskea, 301. 229, — Teeth not papillose : ; ; Avnomodon, 304. 230. Entire or cristate-serrate, iiagatd or neaibatas Pterigynandrum, 288. 228. Spinulose-dentate to fimbriate (rarely entire) deltoid or ~ round-ovate ‘ . ; : ‘ é ‘ Thelia, 298. 229. Serrate, broadly ovate ; : : 2 Pterogonium, 289. 228. ++ Leaves not papillose. Capsule straight, Segments bifid or adherent to the teeth. Plants small (1-2 cm.), capsules about2mm. . Pylaisxa, 308. 280. ~ Plants large (4-6 cm.), capsules about 4mm.Cylindrothecium, 310. 231. Segments not bifid nor adherent. -Leaves ecostate or obscurely bicostate ‘ . Neckera, 281, 226. Leaves costate ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ . Antitrichia, 290. 228, Capsule curved or arcuate A 2 Homalothecium, 309. 230. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. * * Segments not distinctly keeled, narrow. (* * *) + Leaves costate. Cells isodiametric to oval-rhombic. Papillose. = Stem and branch-leaves similar ‘ ‘ Leskea, 301. ~Stem-leaves much smaller than branch-leaves Anomodon, 304. Not papillose. Annulus large, compound, perichaetial leaves costate ‘ é : . Cryphea, 275. Annulus simple, vevteliuattall — enoatute Lescurawa, 474, 416. Annulus none. Endostome with cilia . 2 7 m ‘i Alsia, 279. Endostome without cilia. Teeth erect or incurved when dry. —~Leaf-cells minute, obscure, alar cells elon- gated 4 i ‘ Neckera, 281. Leaf-cells distinct, alar ests eiisdieatle Myvinia, 410, 411. Teeth reflexed when dry . j . Anacamptodon, 296. Cells linear or vermicular. -« Annulus none ; + ‘ # a ‘ ‘ Neckera, 281. Annulus present i j ‘ , . . Antitrichia, 290. [Cylindrothecium, with leaves obscurely costate, may be sought here.] + + Leaves ecostate.1 .Annulus none é , * . * y . Neckera, 281. Annulus present. Leaf-cells quadrate at basal angles. Plants small, capsules about 2 mm. long Platygyrium,? 307. ~ Plants large, capsule about 4 mm. long Cylindrothecium, 310. Leaf-cells not quadrate at the basal angles Orthothecium, 315. ** * Segments distinctly keeled, often broad. + Capsule symmetric, erect. (+ + on p. 168.) {Species of Hypnum with erect or sub-erect capsules will be sought here.] ++ Leaves papillose. (+ +- on p. 168.) Plants large; branches erect, dendroid 5 ‘ . Alsia, 279. ’ Plants long, pendent from trees, branches filiform Meteorium, 286. . Plants small, branches erect, julaceous ‘ . Myurella, 300. 167 229. 230. 226, 226. 228, 226. 231. 232. 226. 227. 229. 1Taxithelium planum (=Hypnum planum Brid., L. & J. Man. 411) falls here, but on account of lack of data in regard to the annulus it can not be exactly located. See also Appendix, no. 416. 168 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. ++ +4 Leaves not papillose. Leaves costate or ecostate, complanate, pseudo-distichous. — Middle leaf-cells linear, cilia none or very short Homalia, 285. 227. Middle leaf-cells rhomboidal, cilia solitary, 24 length of the segments ‘ : ‘ : Stereophyllum,! 411. _—Leaves costate, plants dendroid . ‘ z . Climacium, 313. 231. Leaves ecostate, annulus large (none in Cyl. Drummondii). Cells quadrate at basal angles. Teeth hyaline margined "7 ‘3 ‘ . Platygyrium, 307. ~“Teeth not hyaline margined . 3 Cylindrothecium, 310. 231. Cells not quadrate at basal angles . Orthothecium, 315. 232, — Leaves ecostate, annulus small, narrow. : . Pylaisea, 308. 230. ++ Capsule unsymmetric, often arcuate. ++ Leaf-cells large, calyptra mitrate. Leaves mucronate or acute or acuminate é . Hookeria, 292. 228. Leaves obtuse . 2 7 ‘é ‘ ‘ Pterigophyllum, 293. ++ ++ Leaf-cells small, calyptra cucullate. (Climacium Ruthenicum will be sought here.] "| Leaf-cells short (1:3 or less). (J 4 on page 169.) [Tsothecium Brewerianum may be sought here.] Leaves papillose. Paraphyllia present. Costa short or none or double = 3 Heterocladium, 320. 282. [Pseudoleskea malacoclada will be sought here.] Costa strong. Capsule oval or oblong, lid convex-conic Pseudoleskea, 319. 232. , ~.Capsule cylindric or if oval oblong then lid long rostrate ‘ j j ; : . Thuidium, 321. 2383. Paraphyllia none. ‘ : : : . Claopodium, 327. 284. Leaves not papillcse. Shortly bicostate. Stem leaves filiform pointed . ‘ . Heterocladium, 320. 232. Stem leaves not filiform pointed . . Tripterocladium, 330. 234, Unicostate or ecostate. [Lripterocladium rupestre will be sought here.] Plants dendroid, leaves coarsely serrate Thamnium, 361. 240. - Plants creeping, leaves entire or denticulate above ‘ ‘ . 5 . Amblystegium, 371. 242, 1 Stereophyllum Wrightii R. and C, Rev. Bryol. 20: 23, 1898. (Hypnum Wrightii Sul L. and J. Man. 411.) BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES, 169 I [ Leaj-cells long (1:5 or more). Leaves unicostate half way or more. Seta rough.” ~~ Leaves deeply plicate lengthwise . . Camptothecium, 331. 234. Leaves not deeply plicate. Lid convex conic to long conic (rostellate in Scler. cespitosum). ~~ Leaf-cells not abruptly enlarged at base, upper usually distinct, elongated rhombic Brachythecium, 334. 235. Leaf-cells abruptly enlarged at the base, indistinct, linear-vermicular® . ‘ : Scleropodium, 346. 287. ~* Lid more or less long rostrate : ; Eurhynchium, 351. 238. Seta smooth. Lid more or less long rostrate. .— Leaves ovate or ovate lanceolate Rhynchostegium, 358. 240, ~. Leaves deltoid ‘ ‘ ‘ e . Eurhynchium, 351. 238. Lid convex to conic or apiculate. Branches fasciculate, stoloniferous, leaves generally papillose, not plicate 3 a F Tsothecium, 347. 238. ~ Branches irregularly pinnate, leaves not pap- illose ‘ , . Brachythecium, 334. 235. ~ Branches mepniacly or sereiridlacliy pinnate, leaves not papillose, when plicate also falcate-secund . Hypnum,® 244, Leaves ecostate, or costa very short or double. Leaves secund. ~ Paraphyllia none ‘ 3 ‘ . Hylocomium,® 409. 250. _ Paraphyllia few or Spaniel * 3 é : Hypnum, 244. Leaves complanate spreading. Lid rostrate. ~ Leaves serrulate to the base 3 Rhynchostegium, 358. 240. Leaves entire or serrulate at the apex Plagiothecium, 362. 241. Lid convex or conic _ . . Plagiothecium, 362. 241. Leaves equally spreading [also Hiloconiliin 185-188]. — Lid long subulate-rostrate ? ; Raphidostegium, 355. 239. Lid conic or short rostrate. _ Capsule symmetric, erect or cernuous Plagiothecium, 362. 241. _ Capsule unsymmetric, arcuate . ; Hypnum,® 244. 1Amblystegium species, especially riparium and vacillans, may be sought here. 2 Tsothecium lentum, Rhynchostegium curvisetum, and HAypnum chloropterum will be sought here. 3 Brachythecium populeum will be sought here. 4 Camptothecium nitens will be sought here. 6 Including the subgenera XVII to XXVI of L. & J. Man. 407, 6 Including Plewrozium of L. & J. Man. 407. ANALYTIC KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MOSSES. SPHAGNUM, p. 12. I. Cortical cells of stem and branch without spiral fibrils; branch leaves mostly blunt and toothed, rarely acute. Branches 7—13 in a fascicle ; ‘ ‘ SIV. Polyclada, p. 173. Branches 3—6 in a fascicle, or fewer. Hyaline cells of stem leaves fibrillose. Cortical cells thin walled. Border of stem leaves much broader at base, chloro- phyllose cells exposed on the inner face §I. Acutifolia, p. 171. Border of stem leaves not or slightly broader at the base , - a ‘i : . §VI. Subsecunda, p. 173. Cortical ceJls thick walled . 3 3 . §1II. Cuspidata, p. 172. Hyaline cells of stem leaves without fibrils. Chlorophyllose cells of branch leaves exposed on inner face ‘ ‘ : - é . §I. Acutifolia, p. 171. [S. subsecundum and S, contortum may be sought here.] Chlorophyllose cells exposed on both faces, only on outer face, or in- cluded. Coll membranes of stem leaves resorbed. Hyaline cells of branch leaves with few pores on the outer surface (4-6) : ‘ SII. Squarrosa, p. 172. Hyaline cells of branch leaves with numerous pores on outer surface (12-16+-) . . §V. Rigida, p. 178. Cell membranes of stem leaves not resorbed, cortex thick walled . : : : S1II. Cuspidata, p. 172. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES, 171 Il, Cortical cells of stem and pendent branches al- ways with fibrils and pores; branch leaves not blunt and toothed but cucullate and hyaline bordered : . : : F SVII. Cymbifolia, p. 175. I. Acutifolia. A. Branch leaves toothed only at blunt apex, without resorption Surrows on margined border. 1. Stem leaves lacerate-fringed at apex. a. Stem leaves with completely resorbed cell membranes in upper part, without fibrils. Stem leaves widening upward, spatulate, apex and upper margins lacerate-fringed . : : S. fimbriatum, 14. Stem Jeaves not widening upward, linguiform and lacer- ate fringed only at broad round apex z S. Girgensohnii,1 13. b. Stem leaves with resorbed membranes only at apex, upper 4 to % with fibrils ; : : . §. Bolanderi, 7. 2. Stem leaves usually dentate at apex, nowhere with completely resorbed cell membranes, a. Stem leaves slightly or not at all narrowed upward, linguiform. Outer wall of cortical cells always porose : 3 S. Russowii, 2. Outer wall of cortical cells without pores. Branch leaves curved when dry, erect-spreading, stem leaves without fibrils. Pores of branch leaves very small, near apex, S. Warnstorfii, 3. Pores of branch leaves of medium size or large §. Vancouveriense, 4. Branch leaves frequently secund, stem leaves frequently with fibrils, wood-cylinder never brown i . §. tenellum, 5. Branch leaves densely imbricate, stem leaves without fibrils, wood-cylinder always brown - . . S. fuscum, 6. b. Stem leaves distinctly narrowed above. Branch leaves when dry plainly 5ranked_ . §. quinquefarium, 7. 19. strictum Lindb. 172 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. Branch leaves when dry not 5 ranked. Branch leaves with isolated pores on inner face toward apex. Hyaline cells of stem leaves mostly with fibrils, branch leaves not shining. Stem leaves extended into a blunt point with invo- lute margins ‘ i 3 S. tenerum, 8. Stem leaves scarcely poled, not invelate S. acutifolium, 13. Hyaline cells of stem leaves mostly with fibrils, branch leaves silky shining z ‘ : . S. subnitens, 9 Branch leaves with numerous pores upon entire inner face 2 ; : 5 i : : S. microphyllum, 70. B. Branch leaves toothed at apex and upper margins; border with resorption-furrows. Stem leaves small (1.14-1.28 mm.), narrow border plainly broadened near the base S . §. Labradorense, 11. Stem leaves larger (2-2.10 mm.), narrow border scarcely broader at the base ‘i : : ‘ ‘ S. molle,1 18. II. Squarrosa. Dioicous, perigonial leaves scarcely different from the leaves of the sterile branches 5 - 2 5 . §. teres, 16. Monoicous, perigonial leaves smaller, curved, erect spreading S. squarrosum, 16. III. Cuspidata. A. Branch leaves without fibrils. Pits on the outer surface large (10-12 diam.), 5-16 in a single row in the middle of cell . 5 . S. macrophyllum, 24. Pits on the outer surface smaller (4-54 diam.), 40-60 in each hyaline cell ‘ : 5 : : . §. Floridanum, 72. B. Branch leaves always with fibrils. 1. Branch leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate to almost long linear. a. Stem leaves lacerate-fimbriate in the upper part. Stem leaves widened upward, spatulate, fringed at apex S. Lindbergii, 15. Stem leaves triangular linguiform, lacerate two-cleft at the apex 3 ; ‘ é . a‘ : 5 S. riparium, 13. 1Including S. Muelleri Sch., L. & J. Man. 17. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 173 b. Stem leaves entire or with isolated gaps at the tip only. Chlorophyllose cells on the outer face of the leaf, triangu- lar in cross section. Cortex plainly distinct from wood-cylinder, branch leaves almost always without pores on the inner face - - ‘ S. Mendocinum, 20. Cortex indistinct, pat | with numerous rounded pores on the inner face és é . §. reeurvum,? 15. Chlorophyllose cells exposed on both fae. quadrate or trapezoidal. Borders of the branch leaves involute, pores of the outer face very small, in the upper cell corners 5 S. cuspidatum, 14. Borders of the branch leaves not involute, pores of the outer face large (6), in 1 or 2 rows 3 4 i S. Dusenii, 74. Borders of the branch leaves not involute, pores gener- ally absent é ‘ “ F ‘ ‘ i S. Fitzgeraldii, 23. 2. Branch leaves email, oval or long ovate 3 S. molluseum,?® 20. IV. Polyclada. This section has only one species 4 ; : . §S. Wulfianum, 16. V. Rigida. Chlorophyllose cells of the branch leaves spindle-shaped in cross section, hyaline cells with papillae on the wall bordering the chlorophyllose cells fi ‘ . 8. Garberi, 18. Chlorophyllose cells elliptical in cross section, smooth on the wall bordering the chlorophyllose cells . §. compactum,? 17. VI. Subsecunda. A. Stem and branch leaves without pores ‘ . §. Pylaiei,* 26. B. Branch leaves always porose. 1. Branch leaves with few pores on both faces, never in uninterrupted TOWS. Stem leaves enlarged from base upwards, upper margins involute, slightly toothed : : : ‘ S. Mohrianun, 75. 18. intermedium Hoftm., L. & J. Man. 15, 2,8. tenellum Ebrh., L. & J. Man. 20, 8 §. rigidum Sch., L. & J. Man. 17. 4Including S. sedoides Brid., L. & J. Man, 23, 2 174 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. Stem leaves not enlarged from the base upwards, apex frequently cucullate and fringed. Hyaline cells not divided 3 : i ‘ : S. obesum, 16. Hyaline cells with 1-2 cross walls. ‘ é S. dasyphyllum, 77. 2. Branch leaves with few pores on the inside, outside with numer- ous pores in bead-like rows. (3) a. Chlorophyllose cells of branch leaves isosceles-triangular, or trapezoidal in cross section; mostly exposed on the inner face 3 : 5 ‘i : ‘ * S. microcarpum, 18. b. Chlorophyllose cells of branch leaves quadrate or barrel-shaped, central and exposed on both faces. (c) Stem mostly simple, rarely a single divergent branch §, eyclophyllum, 22. Stem fasciculate-branched. Cortex of one or (in part) two cell layers 2 S. subsecundum, 19. Cortex of two to several cell layers. Hyaline cells with abundant fibrils, stem leaves large (1.3-1.4 mm. long) ‘ . S. platyphyllum, 79. Hyaline cells without fibrils, or soft fibrils only at apex, stem leaves smaller (.86 mm. long) ; . §$. contortum,! 19. Chlorophyllose cells triangular or trapezoidal, exposed on the outer face. Branch leaves ovate-lanceolate, plicate ‘i ; é S. plicatum, 20. Branch leaves round ovate, not plicate . ; ‘ S. Orlandense, 27. 3. Branch leaves with abundant pores on both faces. Chlorophyllose cells triangular or trapezoidal in cross section, mostly exposed on outer face (sometimes on both). Hyaline cells much divided, chlorophyllose cells triangular @ S. Mobilense, 22. Hyaline cells once divided, deteatyilces eeily trapezoidal, free on both faces is - S. simile, 23. Chlorophyllose cells quadrate or erral ahaneal acta or exposed on both faces F . : di . SS. rufeseéns, 24. 18, laricinum Spruce, L. & J. Man. 19, BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 175 VII. Cymbifolia. A. Chlorophyllose cells of branch leaves exposed on the inner face. Branch leaves minutely fringed all around ‘ S. Portoricense, 22. Branch leaves not fringed. Walls of the hyaline cells adjoining the chlorophyllose cells furnished with a fringe of fibrils : S. imbricatum,* 21. Walls of the hyaline cells adjoining the chlorophyllose cells thickly papillose ‘ ‘ ‘ : . §. papillosum, 21. Walls smooth . : é 5 i ; . §. cymbifolium, 21. B. Chlorophyllose cells of branch leaves exposed on both faces or included. [S. cymbifoliuwm may be sought here.] Cortical cells with fibrils. Chlorophyllose cells free on both faces, wood-cylinder dark-brown to black i ‘ . S. Waghornei, 23a. Chlorophyllose cells included, sie eyiindier red . §. medium, 24a. Cortical cells not fibrillose é i : ‘ S. Ludovicianum, 25. ANDREA, p. 25. I. Leaves ecostate. Leaves papillose beneath. Margin hyaline. Leaves incurved, minute, rotund obtuse, bi-ventri- cose ‘ g . A. parvifolia, 26. Leaves subnet or aseund, seundunta; not ventri- cose A - é A. petrophila, 25. Leaves spreading, cubes, dios aint ‘ . A. papillosa, 27. Margin not hyaline ‘ ; . A. alpestris, 23. Leaves not papillose, upper leaf- eal spent ; . A. obovata, 29. II. Leaves costate. Perichaetial and comal leaves different. Costa vanishing below apex : ‘ ; : . A. rupestris, 25. Costa excurrent. Subula papillose. Costa filling all the subula ‘ ‘ . A. erassinervia, 25. Costa filling half the subula ‘i : j . A. Huntii, 30. Subula smooth ‘ ‘ A. Blyttii, 37. (8, Austini Sull., L, & J. Man, 21, 176 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. Perichaetial and comal leaves similar. Leaves faintly papillose, costa narrow, sometimes ex- current - P 2 2 < - i . ‘ : . T. acuminata, 243. Teeth neither cleft nor split but pain: lacunose. Columella scarcely exserted, rhizoids with gemmze T. serrata, 191. Columella long exserted, rhizoids without gemmez T. tenuis, 191. TETRAPLODON, p. 191. Leaves sharply serrate, narrowed to filiform point T. angustatus, 192. Leaves distantly incised-serrate, gradually acuminate T. australis, 192. Leaves entire, more or less abruptly filiform-apiculate. Costa sub-excurrent, empty sporangium constricted in middle : “ z g T. mnioides, 192. Costa ceasing below point, eae sporangium not constricted in middle ‘ - é - . TT. urceolatus, 193. SPLACHNUM, p. 193. Apophysis ovate or subglobose. About the size of the sporangium. Costa excurrent, apophysis red 5 és 4 8. sphericum, 194. Costa ceasing below apex, apophysis at first green then brown ‘i : ‘ S. Wormskioldii, 194. Greatly exceeding the sporangium ‘ p . S. vasculosum, 194. Apophysis pyriform, exceeding the sporangium S. ampullaceum, 194. Apophysis campanulate. Purple ; ‘ : : i 3 : . §. rubrum, 195. Yellow ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ : : = S. luteum,! 195. 1See also Appendix, no, 254, BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 209 PHYSCOMITRIUM, p. 196. Capsule or seta immersed. [P. Hookeri may be sought here.] Capsule subglobose : ‘ j ‘ . P. immersum, 196. Capsule pyriform when troch, 4 ‘ ‘ . P. Coloradense, 250. Capsule and seta exserted. Leaves entire or nearly so. Seta short, but little exceeding leaves - ‘ P. Hookeri, 198. Seta much longer (5-20 mm.). Leaves very acute, bordered ‘ : P. acuminatum, 198. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, more obtuse, nae bor- dered : ‘ ‘ ‘ : P. Californicum, 253. Leaves serrate at least above the aide: Mouth of capsule bordered by 4-8 rows of cells. Seta straight. Leaves oblong acuminate, annulus double P. pygmeum, 197. Leaves lanceolate, annulus apparently single P. Drummondii, 257. Leaves ovate-acuminate, annulus apparently single r : : 4 ; r P. Kellermanii, 249. Seta curved . ‘ P. australe, 252. Mouth of capsule | by g-19 rows of cells. Capsule turbinate, 1-2 mm., mouth flaring P. turbinatum,! 198. Capsule pyriform, 2-3 mm. mouth not flaring P. megalocarpum, 248. The revision of the genus by Mrs. E. G. Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 21: 189. 1894, has been followed. P. pyriforme Brid. is a European species and does not occur in America; American specimens called pyri- forme are referable to P. turbinatum Mill. P. strangulatum Kindb., Ott. Nat. 4: 62, is reduced to P. turbinatum. P. platyphyllum Kindb., Mac. Cat. 269, is rejected, as the species is founded upon such very imma- ture specimens that it probably can not stand. ENTOSTHODON, p. 199. Leaves acute, capsule short-pyriform. Costa percurrent, teeth dark red, striolate : E. Drummondii, 199. Leaves acuminate, capsule long-pyriform. Costa reaching middle, teeth whitish, granulose BE. Bolanderi, 199. Costa subpercurrent, teeth red, nodose, papillose E. Templetoni, 200. 1See also Appendix, nos, 245-247, 210 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. FUNARIA, p. 200. Annulus wanting. Leaves entire or nearly. Capsule arcuate, leaves acuminate. Costa excurrent : : - p - . F. Americana, 201. Costa vanishing ‘ ‘ : : . F. Mediterranea, 201. Capsule erect, leaves acute < zi . . F. Californica, 201. Leaves sharply serrate. Short-pointed, lid convex, mamillate : ‘ . F. serrata, 201. Long acuminate, lid short conic . ; : . F. ealearea, 201. Annulus large, revoluble. Capsule irregularly plicate and furrowed. Leaves with involute margins “i ‘ - . F. econvoluta, 202 Leaves with plane margins - 5 3 “ F. flavicans, 202. Capsule distinctly striate-costate. Leaves short-acuminate, lid large, spores 12-17 F. hygrometriea, 202. Leaves long-acuminate, lid small, spores 24-284 F. microstoma, 203. BARTRAMIA, p. 203. Capsule erect, peristome simple or none. Leaves lance-subulate, ovate at the base. Margin reflexed, capsule rugose when dry sj B. Menziesii, 204. Margin plane, capsule furrowed when dry. Capsule exserted, basal cells alike - . . B. subulata, 204. Capsule immersed, basal cells shorter towards the margin i B. breviseta, 256. Leaves linear, gradually begets ® suulata apex, capsule ribbed 5 ‘ ‘ . B. stricta, 205. Capsule curved, lid oblique, osuane Seales Seta short (= capsule), fruit pseudo-lateral ‘ B. Halleriana, 206. Seta exceeding stems. Leaves smooth “ i : ¥ j B. Ederiana,? 205. Leaves papillose only on upper abide ‘ ‘ B. radicalis, 206. Leaves papillose on both surfaces. Abruptly narrowed and bent above the hyaline base ; ; 3 ‘ “ 5 ‘ B. ithyphylla, 205. Gradually tapering to apex, not hyaline at base. Leaves straight, autoicous. Margined, borders revolute ; : B. pomiformis, 206. 1See also Appendix, no. 255. 2B, Gideriana minor Kindb., Mac. Cat. 105, is nomen nudum, BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 211 Not margined, sheathing . ‘ . B. glauco-viridis, 257. Leaves circinate, long sheathing ‘ B. circinnulata, 258. PHILONOTIS, p. 208. Leaves plicate lengthwise. Leaf cells linear, costa excurrent ® ‘ : P. Mohriana, 210. Leaf cells rectangular or oval, costa percurrent or vanishing ; ‘ ‘ H ‘ ‘ . . P. seriata, 262. Leaves not plicate lengthwise. : Leaf cells quadrate, slightly papillose ‘ ‘ . P. Macounii, 208. Leaf cells oblong hexagonal, slightly papillose P. glabriuscula, 263. Leaf cells rectangular to linear. Cilia two, rudimentary ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ P. Muhlenbeckii, 208. Cilia two, half as long as or equaling segments. Mouth of capsule with 8 rows of transversely elongated cells é ‘ ‘ Mouth of capsule with 4 rows of transversely elongated cells : : : ; ; . P. calearea, 209. . P. fontana,! 209. MEESIA, p. 212. Leaves entire, margins reflexed or revolute. Synoicous, costa very thick (4 leaf base) ‘ . M.uliginosa, 212. Autoicous, costa narrow (4 leaf base) ‘ 5 M. Albertinii, 213. Leaves entire, margins plane . 5 i ‘ : M. longiseta, 212. Leaves serrate. ‘ ‘ , ‘ : : . M. tristicha, 213. MIELICHHOFERIA, p. 214. ‘ ‘Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate at apex ; ‘ . M. nitida, 214. Leaves broad ovate, entire, or slightly crenulate above M. cuspidifera, 264. " WEBERA, p. 215. [Bryum Froudei and B. angustirete will be sought here.] I. Leaves with a reddish border, distinct to apex W. Tozeri, 222, II. Leaves not bordered, or indistinctly. 1See Appendix, nos, 259-261. 212 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. A. Annulus present. (Bon p. 213.) 1. Segments and cilia of endostome imperfect, often only alaciniate membrane - W.camptotrachela, 278. 2. Segments of endostome not widely open along the keel, cilia none or short (excl. W. longicolla). (3) Inflorescence autoicous r : F : ‘ W. acuminata, 216. Inflorescence synoicous or dioicous. Costa very broad, 44-14 of leaf base. , j W. Cardoti, 265. Costa narrow. Plants less than 1 cm., seta 5-8 mm., capsule wide mouthed when dry 5 : : : . W. nudicaulis, 220. Plants small, seta longer, mouth of capsule con- stricted when dry ‘ ‘ : - . W. Bolanderi, 220. Inflorescence paroicous. [W. nudicaulis may be sought here.] Neck shorter than sporangium, cilia none a W. polymorpha, 216. Neck equaling sporangium, cilia more or less developed. Tufts low, 1 mm.-2 cm. high ‘ : ‘i . W. elongata, 216. Tufts higher, 2-5 cm. 3 . - a . W. longicolla, 217. 3. Segments of endostome split and gaping along keel, cilia well developed. Inflorescence paroicous or polygamous. Capsule pendent, touching seta, not contracted under mouth A < ‘ ‘ é ‘ ¥ . W. cucullata, 218. Capsule horizontal or pendent, not touching seta, con- tracted below mouth. Costa excurrent, comal leaves revolute on the bord- ers ; . ‘ 3 , ; : W. canaliculata, 277. Costa vanishing below apex, comal leaves plane on the borders. Tufts 1-2 cm. high, basal membrane of the endo- stome 4 to height ofteeth . ‘ . W.nutans,! 217. Tufts 2-4 cm. high, basal membrane of the endo- stome 14 height of teeth 1 : ‘ , W. cruda,? 218. 1See Appendiz, nos. 269, 270, 2See Appendix, no. 267. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 213 Inflorescence dioicous. Leaves with plane or slightly curved borders. Antheridia in the axils of the perigonial leaves. Upper leaves lance linear (1: 8-50) seta 34 cm. W. sphagnicola, 219. Upper leaves lanceolate (1: 4-5) seta 1-2 cm. W. gracilis, 275. Antheridia in a terminal cluster : F . W. Leseuriana, 221. Leaves with mostly revolute borders. Costa vanishing below apex. Leaves of sterile shoots ovate, obtuse; comal leaves broad pointed, margin entire 5 ‘ W. Ludwisii, 274. Leaves narrow, linear lanceolate, sharp pointed, plainly toothed near the apex. Seta twisted to right, membrane of the inner peristome 1% length of teeth, capsule oval, short necked. Annulus revoluble, costa red : ‘ W. Columbica, 279. Annulus remaining attached to lid, costa green W. pulchella, 222. Seta twisted to left, membrane 14 length of teeth, capsule pyriform, longer necked , W. commutata, 220. ‘Costa reaching the apex. Capsule oval, long necked, leaves serrate at apex W. annotina, 219. Capsule obovate, short-necked, leaves denticulate above i ‘ é ‘ . . W. pyenodecurrens, 277. B. Annulus none. ‘Leaves nearly entire, cilia very short ‘ ‘ W. Drummondii, 219. Leaves nearly entire, cilia 3 : : , s . W. Bigelovii, 223. Leaves sharply serrate. Stem red, leaves glaucous-green 5 : : . W. albicans,1 222. Stem and leaves green ; : . ; F . W. earnea, 221. [W. pulchella may be sought here.] A number of species have been described from sterile and immature specimens, whence it is impossible to determine their place in the key. They are W. longibracteata Broth., 268; W. microapiculata C. M. & Kindb., 281; W. polymorphoides Kindb., 266; W. microcaulon C. M. & Kindb., 272; W.subcucullata C. M. & Kindb., 273; W. microdenticu- lata C. M. & Kindb., 276. The first two are sterile, the remaining four are immature. The numbers attached refer to corresponding descriptions in the Appendix. 1See Appendix, no, 280. 214 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. BRYUM, p. 223. Upper leaf cells rhombic to hexagonal (sublinear in BB. Froudei and angustirete). Plants not from stolons. Cilia none, or inappendiculate r “i ‘ . §I. Cladodium. Cilia 2-4, appendiculate . ‘ ; : i §1I. Eubryum, Plants from stolons . ; a . §III. Rhodobryum. Upper leaf cells linear (1: 10-15), prindiien julaceous §IY. Anomobryum. §I. Cladodium. A. Autoicous. Leaves broad (1:2) costa vanishing : ‘i . B. calophyllan, 227. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or long acuminate. Cilia 2, long, smooth 5 - ‘ ‘ : . B. Brownii, 224. Cilia 3, short F a Fi - 7 : . B. mamillatum, 288. Cilia none, or rudimentary. Capsule symmetric, pyriform, collum 1% sporangium. Leaves faintly bordered, serrate above, slightly revolute 7 & . B. Warneum, 226. Leaves faintly bietieed, margin ilies distinctly revolute é ‘ r . B. Edwardsianum, 291. Leaves very distinctly bude broadly revo- lute : ‘ ‘ . B. Biddlecomiz, 226. Capsule usually mnewnmetele, elaneite, collum = sporangium Zi . ‘ ‘ : . B. uliginosum, 227. B. Synoicous, or heteroicous. (C) Costa long excurrent. Endostome attached to peristome. Spores verruculose ‘ ‘ J a * . BB, arcticum, 224. Spores smooth, about 30” ; . . a B. pendulum, 225. Spores smooth, 20-25. Teeth orange red : é ‘ , : B. angustirete, 284. Teeth pale. i ‘ ‘ 5 . B. Roellii, 2385. Endostome free, or slightly titaeiedl Seta 3-4 cm. long, capsule 1: 2.5-3. Upper leaf cells long hexagonal ‘ : B. inclinatum,? 225. 1B. stenotrichum C. Mill. will be sought here; and I am unable from the description alone to discover any essential difference between it and B. inclinatum. See Appendix, no. 290, BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 215 Upper leaf cells sublinear . , ‘ ‘ B. Froudei, 282. Seta 1 cm. long, capsule 1.2 :2 e ; B. Archangelicum, 287. Costa short excurrent or percurrent. Leaves not bordered A ‘ j ‘ ‘ . B. Knowltoni, 292. Leaves bordered. Decurrent, seta 1 cm. long ‘ 7 5 B. brachyneuron, 286. Decurrent, seta 2-3 cm. long j : . B Labradorense, 289. Not decurrent. Costa excurrent, leaves reddish, margin scarcely revolute . ‘ ‘ ‘ s . B. purpurascens, 224. Costa vanishing or barely excurrent, margin strongly revolute 7 5 . ‘ : B. lacustre, 226. [B. flexuosum may be sought here.] C. Dioicous. Collum smooth or rugose when dry. Endostome adherent to peristome, cilia none ‘ B. flexuosum, 227. Endostome free, cilia present. Costa percurrent, teeth bright purple é B. Californicum, 237. Costa short excurrent, teeth orange ‘ B. subpurpurascens, 283. Collum longitudinally suleate when dry. Leaf cells pitted, perichetial leaves costate, : . 5B. eneum, 294. Leaf cells not pitted, inner perichetial leaves ecostate B. fallax, 293. SII. Eubryum. A. Synoicous. Costa not excurrent. Leaf margin serrate above, apex straight : . B. Oreganum, 230. Leaf margin entire, apex recurved. a ‘ B. nitidulum, 305. Costa excurrent into a smooth point. Margins recurved ‘ ; ; ; é . B. torquescens,! 230. Margins plane i 2 és 3 B. microstegium, 302. Costa excurrent into a serrate point. Leaves not decurrent, long cuspidate. Not bordered, entire. ‘i 4 : . B. intermedium,? 228. Not bordered, serrate or denticulate above B. synoico-cespiticium, 316. Bordered s ‘ : : i : : B. cirrhatum,? 228. 1See Appendix, no. 344. On account of the imperfect description I cannot place B. sanguilentum in the Key. 3See Appendix, no. 295, 8 See Appendix, no. 296, 216 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. Leaves decurrent. With a broad border. Leaves short-pointed - 5 : i ; B. bimum,}? 229. Leaves long-cuspidate ‘ . : “ B. cuspidatam, 297. Without a border . ; ; ‘ : . B. lonchocauton, 229. B. Polygamous. (C) Leaves long cuspidate by excurrent costa, not bordered B. provinciale, 230. C. Autoicous. (D) Leaves bordered, costa percurrent or excurrent. Border wide, 5-6 rows of cells, distinctly revolute _B. pallescens,? 231. Border narrow, faintly revolute i . B. anectangiaceum, 328. Leaves not bordered. Costa excurrent js : _ ‘ 4 . B. subrotundum, 231. Costa vanishing below the apex . 5 ‘ i ‘ B. teres, 306. D. Dioicous. 1. Costa not excurrent, or when excurrent forming a short point only (2 on p. 218.) a. Leaves obtuse. Distant, broadly ovate or oblong, rounded “ B. eyclophyllum, 237. Thickly clothing stem, generally imbricate, narrower. Not bordered. Leaves strongly decurrent e . : B. obtusifolium, 325. Leaves not decurrent . ‘ i - : B. capitellatum, 313. Bordered, sometimes indistinctly. Dull olive-green, margins strongly revolute. Membrane of endostome ¥% length of peristome B. Muhlenbeckii, 233. Membrane of endostome low : . B. rubicundulum, 314. Yellowish or dull green or purplish. Costa vanishing below apex, tips of branches crimsoned. Cells polygonal, thick walled ‘ : - B.miniatum, 233. Cells rhombic, sub-quadrate below : B. Atwateriz, 234. Costa percurrent, red, branch tips green B. percurrentinerve, 312. 1See Appendix, nos. 298, 299. 2 See Appendix, nos. 303, 304 BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 217 b. Leaves pointed, costa percurrent or excurrent. (c) i. Capsule short (1:2), abrupt at base. Capsule blood-red or dark purple, teeth red at base B. atropurpureum, 232. Capsule pale, teeth pale throughout ‘5 ‘ B. microglobum, $07. ii. Capsule longer (1: 3+), tapering at base. * Blood red to dark purple. Plants short (5-15 mm.) in small lax, yellowish-green tufts. Collum half length of sporangium ; : B. erythrocarpum, 232. Collum equaling or exceeding the sporangium in length : ‘ . B. micro-erythrocarpum, 308. Plants larger (3-5 cm.), in — tufts. Tufts shining red or purplish ‘ 3 : : B. alpinum, 233. Tufts greenish, costa yellow, percurrent or excur- rent : ; ; . F ; . 5B. hematocarpum, 311. : * * YVellowish-brown. Slightly incurved. Constricted below mouth ‘ ‘ > j . B. meesioides, 336. Not constricted j : : 5 ‘ ; . B. pallens, 237 Symmetric. Strongly constricted below mouth. Stems about 1 cm. high 7 . : “ B. turbinatum, 238. Stems 4-10 cm. high 3 3 ‘ j B. Schleicheri, 239. Slightly constricted below mouth. Leaves long decurrent , ‘ : . B. extenuatum, 323. Leaves not decurrent or only lightly, - Leaf margin plane. Pale on the borders. : : ; : B. Sawyeri, 322. Red on the borders . : 3 3 B. erubescens, 324. Leaf margins revolute. Margin serrate at the apex . . B. pseudotriquetrum,? 238. Margin quite entire. Cilia single ‘ é 3 i ‘ B. acutiuseulum, 321. Cilia 2-3 2 : 4 i ‘ . B. erassirameun, 329. c. Leaves pointed, costa vanishing. [B. extenuatum and B, crassirameum may be sought here.] Leaves distinctly margined ; , : : . B. eapillare,? 235. 1See Appendix, nos, 330-332. 2See Appendix, nos, 317, 318, 344, 218 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. Leaves not margined or only indistinctly. Closely appressed, imbricate. Broadly ovate or obovate, abruptly apiculate B. argenteum, 234. Ovate or lanceolate, not abruptly pointed ‘ - SB. Blindii, 309. Spreading, distant : : ‘i ‘ ‘ , B. Duvalii,: 238, 2. Costa excurrent, leaves long-cuspidate. a. Capsule short (1:2 or less). Constricted between sporangium and collum ‘ . B. versicolor, 233. Not constricted between sporangium and collum B. coronatum, 232. b. Capsule longer (1: 3+). i. Collum long, % sporangium or more. Leaves bordered with two or more rows of cells. Strongly twisted when dry, revolute ‘ ‘ . B. eapillare,? 235. Erect and straight when dry. Capsule scarcely constricted under the mouth, collum costate, leaf margin revolute. ‘ . B. obeonicum, 236. Capsule constricted under the mouth, collum smooth, leaf margin plane 7 3 , . B.elegans, 319. Leaves not or very indistinctly en Abruptly cuspidate, oblong spatulate or obovate lance- olate x 2 : . B. Hendersoni, 301. Gradually cuspidate, imnesbints or vavitte! lanceolate. Capsule constricted below the mouth ‘ . B. cespiticium, 235. Capsule not constricted 5 ; ; B. Vancouveriense, 315. ii. Collum short (14 sporangium or less) 5 B. occidentale, 236. SII. Rhodobryum. Costa stout, excurrent, leaf margins revolute 24 to 34 length ‘ ‘ é - : : - B. Ontariense, 337. Costa vanishing, leaves — i : , és . B. lucidum, 338. §IV. Anomobryum. Costa subexcurrent ‘ 4 a ‘ : . B. concinnatum, 240. Costa vanishing below apex . , : ‘ . B. ballatum, 339. The following species, described from sterile or immature specimens, are not included in the key, since the meager descriptions render it impossible J See Appendix, nos. 334, 335. 2See Appendix, no. 317, 318, 34. BARNES—-NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 219 to determine their position. B. leucolomatum C. M. & Kindb., 300; B. alpiniforme Kindb., 310; B. Floridanum, R. & C., 320; B. erythro- phyllum Kindb., 326; B. erythrophylloides Kindb., 327; B. denticula- zum Kindb., 332; B. hydrophyllum Kindb., 333; B. hematophyllum Kindb., 340; B. oligochloron C. M. and Kindb., 341; B. microcephalum C. M. & Kindb., 342; B. pygmeo-alpinum C. M. & Kindb., 348. Two other species, B. Bawerit Hampe (California) and B. Wrightii Sull. (Behring Straits) are listed by Ren. & Card. ZIERIA, p. 240. Costa vanishing, collum twice sporangium ‘ 5 Z. julacea, 240. Costa excurrent, collum = sporangium 2 ‘ . Z. demissa, 241. MNIUM, p. 241. I. Leaves serrate. A. Teeth of leaves single. Stems dendroid : ‘ ‘ ‘ 3 ' i M. Menziesii, 249. Stems simple or branched, not dendroid. Basilar branches stoloniform. Leaves acuminate, serrate to middle, lid convex or mamillate, membrane of endostome lacunose M. cuspidatum,! 242. Leaves acuminate, serrate to base. Lid apiculate ‘ : ‘ : : : . M. medium, 242. Lid mammiform . - ‘ ‘ ‘x . . M. affine, 244. Leaves rounded at apex, mucronate, lidrostrate M. rostratum, 243. Basilar branches erect, or stems simple. Capsule warty-papillose at base . ij : M. venustum,? 242. Capsule smooth at base. Leaves nearly entire not decurrent ‘ M. affine rugicum, 244. Leaves serrate to base, long decurrent * . M.insigne,® 244. Leaves serrate above, entire below. Border distinct, yellowish-brown or red. Capsules clustered (2-3), leaf cells large and rect- angular at the base ; . . M. Drummondii, 243. Capsules solitary, leaf cells uniform ‘ . M. Blyttii, 353. Border none or faint I : i z . M. stellare, 247. 1See Appendix, no. 345. 2M. macrociliare is insufficiently distinguished by Miller from this species. See Ap- pendix, no. 346, 3 See Appendix, no. 347, 220 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. B. Teeth of the leaves in pairs. [. Blyttii may be sought here.) Costa vanishing below the apex i ‘ é : M. hornum, 245. Costa percurrent or excurrent. Capsules solitary. Synoicous. Leaves decurrent 5 ‘ i : . M. serratum,! 245.. Leaves not decurrent or only tdisdnotly so. M., Niagare, 352. Dioicous. Costa excurrent in upper leaves, leaf cells 18-30," plants 1.5-2 em. high : . M. pseudolycopodioides, 351. Costa percurrent. Lid not rostrate. Capsule with long neck, wide mouthed M. inclinatum, 350. Capsule oval, inclined : i ; . M. decurrens, 349. Lid rostrate. Leaf cells small, about 15u5 . . M. orthorrhynchum, 246. Leaf cells very large, 50-60u+ ¥ , . M. umbratile, 246. Capsules clustered.® Dioicous, leaves strongly crispate, capsule horizontal or inclined 3 é 3 ‘ . M. spinosum, 246.. Synoicous, leaves not ceephies Spaus pendent M.spinulosum, 247. II. Leaves entire. Upper leaf-cells with long diameter oblique to costa. Leaves bordered. Costate to apex, dioicous, capsule oblong M. punctatum, 248. Costa vanishing, synoicous, capsule subglobose., leaves distinct and few ‘ ‘ g ; . M. subglobosum, 248. Costa vanishing, dioicous, leaves more abundant and closer ‘ 3 : M. hymenophyllum, 354. Leaves not bordered, cite cantehing: dioicous, capsule ovate-oblong ‘ : . M. cinclidioides, 248. Upper leaf-cells ieadinmebiia, cates vantdiing M. hymenophyloides, 249. M. heterophyllum Schw. is mentioned as occurring in America (Bryol. Eur. Mniun, p. 24), but no locality is given and for this reason it is not included in the key and descriptions. 1S§ee Appendix, no. 348. 2 As determined from Can. Musci, no. 197, 3 Fide Husnot: Muscol. Gall. 255. 4 Cells four times as large as M. orthorrhunchum, fide Mitten, Journ, Linn, Soc. 8: 30; 6 M. macrociliare may be sought here See footnote 2, p. 219, BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 221 CINCLIDIUM, p. 249. Leaf margin of 4-5 rows of cells, laminal cells irregularly disposed 2 % : 3 C. stygium, 250. Leaf margin of 2 rows of ind eetis, lentil cells in rows oblique to costa . ; ‘ i 5 . C. subrotundum, 250. AULACOMNIUM, p. 252. Leaves coarsely serrate to middle, autoicous . A. heterostichum, 253. Leaves serrulate near apex, acute or acuminate, dioicous. Stem leaves long acuminate, very roughly papillose A. papillosum, 253. Stem leaves acute. Stems commonly prolonged and gemmiferous, male flowers terminal, gemmiform 3 - A. androgynum, 252. Stems commonly not gemmiferous, male flowers dis- coid ‘ : 3 : : 5 : . . f ‘ . TT. neckeroides, 362. Perichetial leaves erect. Teeth with a hyaline, dentate margin ‘ T. alopecurum, 509. Teeth not hyaline margined and toothed only at the articulations : ‘ ; ‘ T. Alleghaniense, 362. ~~ 1R. Roellii is included under both heads since the character of the operculum is un- known to me. 2 R. micans R. & C. Rev. Bryol. 20: 21. 1893 = Hypnum micans Sw. L. & J. Man. 365. See also Appendix, no, 505. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 241 PLAGIOTHECIUM, p. 362. I I. Leaves complanate. * Lid rostrate. Leaves transversely undulate, serrulate at the apex PP. undulatum, 369. Leaves not undulate, quite entire ‘ és . . P. sylvaticum, 368. * * Lid conic or convex. Capsule pendent or sub-pendent, seta arcuate ‘ P. elegans, 366. Capsule suberect, inclined or horizontal, often arcuate. Sulcate and constricted below the mouth when dry P. turfaceum, 366. Smooth when dry. Leaves serrulate, capsule sub-cylindric ‘ P. Sullivantiz, 368. Leaves quite entire. Capsule obovate, campanulate when dry P. Muellerianum, 367. Capsule oblong, constricted under the mouth when dry. Costa bipartite, vanishing half way to the mid- dle ‘ : j 1 : ‘ P. denticulatum,? 367. - Costa simple, short, or none . 3 . P. brevipungens, 575. II. Leaves equally spreading, straight. (III) * Alar cells abruptly enlarged. Leaves acute or short acuminate. Flat, point broad and straight . : z P. membranosum, 514. Concave, point needle-like and recurved or pa- tent. 5 7 ‘ , ‘ . P. acicularipungens, 516. Leaves filiform acuminate. Cilia none : a ‘ : S * : . P. piliferum, 364. Cilia 2-3. Branches erect, leaves serrate ‘ 5 . P. Muhlenbeckii, 370. Branches intricate, leaves nearly entire . . P. Fitzgeraldi, 370. ** Alar cells scarcely different, gquadrate or oblong, not abruptly enlarged. + Capsule suberect, smooth when dry.” Dioicous, cilia none, costa obsolete. Inner perichetial leaves ovate lanceolate : P. latebricola, 363, Inner perichetial leaves abruptly acuminate . P. Passaicense, 363. 1See Appendix, nos. 512, 513, 2 P, pseudo-latebricola has an inclined capsule. 242 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. Autoicous, cilia 2-3, costa double. Costa thick, ascending to the middle ‘ ‘ . P.geminum, 365. Costa thin, reaching half way to the middle P. denticulatum, var. 367.’ + + Capsule inclined or pendent, sulcate when dry. Leaves oval, narrowly acuminate, monoicous P. pseudo-Silesiacum, 370. Leaves ovate lanceolate, dioicous. Suddenly tapering to a long filiform point P. pseudo-latebricola, 519. Short acuminate Z : ‘ : é P. decursivifolinm, 517. III. Leaves secund. Coste 2, thick, reaching the middle : : . P. geminum, 365. Ecostate or shortly bicostate. Leaves entire, seta straight ‘ : és ‘ P. pulchellum, 364. Leaves serrulate above, seta arcuate. 5 . P. Silesiacum, 578. P. bifariellum Kindb., App. 520, and P. attenuatirameum Kindb., App. 521, described from barren specimens, are not included in the key. AMBLYSTEGIUM,? p. 371. I. Leaves ecostate or with obscure traces of a nerve. Cilia none. Perichztial leaves long and narrow acuminate, entire A. subtile, 372. ° Perichetial leaves oval or oblong lanceolate, entire at the apex ‘ : ‘i : : ‘ . A. Sprucei, 372. Cilia 1-2. Plants minute, filiform (1-2 cm.). Leaves ovate, long acuminate. ‘ . A. confervoides, 372. Leaves long lanceolate . : ‘ é . A. minutissimum, 371. Plants large, in wide flat tufts 4 2 z : A. adnatam, 375. ~ II. Leaves plainly costate. A. Leaves with a distinct border : j . A. Leseurii, 376. 1 P, pseudo-latebricola has a smooth capsule. 2The assistance of Pror. L. S. CHENEY, who is engaged upon a revision of this genus is gratefully acknowledged. BARNES—NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES. 243 B. Leaves not bordered. * Costate to the apex. Leaves acuminate, basal cells abruptly enlarged . A. irriguum, 374. | Leaves acuminate, basal cells not enlarged. Serrate throughout y : . : . A. compactum, 375. Entire or obscurely serrulate 7 Branches mostly erect, leaves loosely spreading when dry és | F : A. orthocladon, 374. Branches mostly uprending, tufts intricate, leaves im- bricate when dry a . ‘ . A. varium,! 373. Leaves not acuminate, ovate to oblong leneediite . A. fluviatile, 375. * * Costa ceasing at the middle or above. {A. compactum may be sought here.] Cells near middle of leaf 1: 10-15. Leaves long acuminate, apex sharp = ‘ . A. riparium,? 376. | Leaves acute, apex blunt 3 § “ ‘ A. vacillans, 377. Cells near middle of leaf less than 1: 8. Inner perichztial leaves short acuminate (14 length). Leaves .65-.85 & .26-.86 mm. : ‘ ‘ A. serpens,.? 373. Leaves 1.2-1.6 & .5-.7mm. . ‘i - . aA. Kochii, 535. Inner perichetial leaves subuliform sronatantes cells vermicular : ‘ ; ‘ i . A. porphyrrhizon, 527. Kindberg has described four species belonging to this genus from bar- ren specimens. A. fenestratum, App. 522, is probably not an Ambly- stegium. A. speirophyllum, App. 523, may be doubtfully referred from specimens in Can. Musci to A. irriguum. A. distantifolium, App. 529, is very near A. irriguum. Democrat Printing Company, State Printer. BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. ENGINEERING SERIES, Volume 1: No.1. Track, by L. F. Loree, M. Am. Soc. CO. E., Special University Lecturer. Pp. 24, April, 1894. Price 25 cents. No. 2. Some Practical Hints in Dynamo Design, by Gilbert Wilkes, M. Am. Inst. E. E., Special University Lecturer. Pp. 16, May, 1894. Price 25 cents. No. 3._ The Steel Construction of Buildings, by C. T. Purdy, C. E., Special University Lecturer. Pp. 27, October, 1894. Price 25 cents. No. 4. The Evolution of a Switchboard, by A. V. Abbott, C,E., Special University Lecturer. Pp. 32, pls. 4, October, 1894. Price 35 cents. No.5. An Experimental Study of Field Methods which will Insure to Stadia Measurements Greatly Increased Accuracy, by Leonard Sewal Smith. B. C. E., Instructor in Engineering. 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