Job Analysis of Entry Level Firefighting: A Comparison of District of Columbia Firefighters and a Nationwide Sample SUNY AT BUFFALO 10293· THE LIBRARIES DEPOSITORY COPY m United States Civil Service Commission Bureau of Policies and Standards TM-77-20 Job Analysis of Entry Level Firefighting: A Comparison of District of Columbia Firefighters and a Nationwide Sample Paul van Rijn Test Services Section Personnel Research and Development Center United States Civil Service Commission Washington, D. C. 2041 5 September 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 1 Method Selection of the PDI Nationwide Sample 1 Development of the PDI Firefighter Task Checklist 2 2 Administration of the PDI Check List 3 Results Comparison of ratings for the five DCFD Raters 3 Frequency distribution 3 Means and variances 3 5 Rater intercorrelation 5 Scale intercorrelations Comparison of DCFD and PDI ratings 5 Reduction of the task list 7 8 Discussion 9 References Tables 1. Frequency Distributions of the Ratings by Five DCFD Raters on the importance and Time Spent Scales 3 2. Means, Standard Deviations, Ranges and Nunbers of the Ratings by Five DCFD Raters on the Importance and Time Spent Scales 4 3. Intercorrelations Among the Ratings of the Five DCFD Raters on the Importance and Time Spent Scales 4 4. Correlations of the Importance and Time ~·pent Ratings for the PDI and DCFD Samples 6 5. Frequency Distribution of Mean Importance and Time Spent Ratings for theDCFD and PDI Samples 7 6. Intercorrelations of Mean Task Ratings Between the DCFD and PDI Samples on Importance and Time Spent 8 Figure 1 Map of six geographic regions in PDI's study. 1 Appendices A. Fire Departments Included in the PDI Task Analysis 11 B. Interview Format, Results of Site Visits and Suggestions for Improving the Preliminary PDI Task Checklist 13 C. Firefighter Task Check List 25 D. Task Statements Ordered from Highest to Lowest Importance Rating 49 E. Task Statements Ordered from Highest to Lowest Time Spent Rating 63 F. Standard Deviations and N's for DCFD Importance Ratings 77 G. Standard Deviations and N's for Time Spent Ratings 81 ABSTRACT This report is one of several reports describing the job ofthe entry level firefighter in the D. C. Fire Department. Thisparticular report demonstrates the considerable overlap betweenthe tasks performed by D. C. firefighters and the tasks performedby firefighters in the nationwide study conducted by PersonnelDecisions, Inc. The similarities between fire departments suggest that procedures and instruments developed for one firefighting jurisdiction are likely to be transportable to other jurisdictions. This is one of several reports summarizing different aspects of the analysis of the job performed by uniformed entry level firefighters in the District of Columbia Fire Department (DCFD). Specifically, this report compares the job of entry level firefighters in the DCFD with the jobs of a nationwide sample of entry level firefighters that participated in a study conducted by Personnel Decisions, Inc. (PDI). PDI has received a grant from the United States Civil Service Commission (CSC) to conduct a nationwide study of the job of entry level firefighter, to develop selection instruments for use by firefighter jurisdictions, and to demonstrate the validity of the selection instruments in screening applicants for entry level firefighting. A total of 126 jurisdictions, representing small, medium and large departments in each of six geographic regions, participated in one or more phases of the project. All firefighters sampled were paid and full time members of their departments. Although the DCFD was not one of the fire departments involved in the PDI project, the PDI job analysis was extended to the DCFD in order to determine the comparability of the DCFD with the nationwide sample. A demonstration of comparability is desirable for two reasons. First, if the entry level job in the DCFD is comparable to entry level firefighting in the p.ationwide sample, it suggests that the selection instruments developed for the nationwide sam ple may be portable and appropriate for use with the DCFD. Second, instruments and procedures developed in a separate DCFD CSC project may be transportable to other jurisdictions. A complete description of the PDI job analysis can be found in Bownas and Heckman (1977), while the DCFD-CSC project is summarized in van Rijn (1977). METHOD Selection of the PDI Nationwide Sample As far as possible, PDI randomly selected 54 jurisdictions to participate in the main part of the job analysis phase, the completion of a job analysis questionnaire. Because no single list of fire departments was available, jurisdictions were selected from two lists of fire departments. One source was the listing of 1389 departments in the Municipal Yearbook of the International Management Association (1975). The second source was a list compiled by the International Association of Fire Chiefs. Departments were selected to insure an equal number of large, medium, and small departments in six geographic regions. Departments were considered large if they consisted of over 300 firefighters in cities with populations over 100, 000. Medium sized departments consisted of 100 to 300 personnel in cities between 50,000 to 100,000 population. Small departments had fewer than 100 uniformed personnel in cities with less than 50, 000 people. The six geographic regions, shown in Figure 1, are: Northeast, Southeast, North Central, Southwest, West Coast, and Northwest. The primary focus of the selection was to identify large fire departments in each of six geographic regions. Medium and small departments were then randomly selected Figure 1. Map of six geographic regions included in PDl's study. 1 from within a 200-mile radius of the large city. Sometimes when there was ·an insuffi cient nur"1.ber of medium-sized cities, it was necessary to include the nearest medium sized department outside the 200-mile ra dius. Fifty-one of the 54 jurisdictions sel ected agreed to participate and 47 depart ments returned completed job analysis quest ionnaires. These departments are shown in Appendix A. Development of the PDI Firefighter Task Checklist In orderto obtain an objective measure of work performed by entry level firefighters, the most practical job analysis was a mailout of a task checklist. However, prior to the development of a task list it was necessary to define the target job. Because PDI 's project focuses on the entry level position it was defined as "the work performed by the firefighter private with less than two years of experience." Individuals in the training academy, in on-the-job training, or in promotional positions were excluded from the target population. Based on a review of the literature, PDI composed an initial list of 177 tasks, tentatively categorized into nine major clusters. Personnel knowledgeable of entry level firefighting were interviewed by PDI staff during on-site visits to 18 fire departments across the country. During these site visits, semi str•1ctured interviews were conducted and the preliminary task list was reviewed. The interview format is part of Appendix B. Besides the 18 fire departments across the country, input into the final checklist also came from the DCFD where CSC personnel duplicated the site visits and interviews. Appendix B contains the results of these inter views and the suggestions of the esc staff working on the project. In brief, it describes the DCFD and recommends that task statements and clusters be more specific and that tasks and duties be written in a more con sistent format. As was found by the PDI research teams, few additional tasks were recommended for inclusion in the final checklist, suggesting that the preliminary list was relatively complete and that no important or time-consuming tasks had been omitted. The final Checklist is shown in Appendix C. The numbers in the rating columns to the right of some task statements are not part of the Checklist but represent results which will be discussed later in this report. The Checklist was designed so that raters were first asked to indicate which tasks they "never perform" and which tasks they perform on a "reliefonly" basis. They were then asked to rate the relative amount of time they spent on each task they perform compared to all the other tas~s they perform, using the following five-point scale: 1. Small compared to others 2. Less than other tasks 3. Same as other tasks 4. More than other tasks 5. Large compared to other tasks. Finally, the relative importance of each performed task was rated: 1. Less important than other tasks 2. A little less important 3. Same as most other tasks 4. A little more important 5. More important than other tasks. Administration of the PDI Check List The Firefighter Task Checklist was mailed out to the nationwide sample described earlier. Jurisdictions were encouraged to complete up to five checklists. Individuals selected to complete the Checklist were asked to be representative of their department' and knowledgeable of the work performed by the entry level firefighter. A rec:ommended sample of raters consisted of two entry level firefighters from different types of units, a first-line supervisor, a chief of firefighting, and a chief of training. Regardless of rank, each rater was asked to complete the Checklist and rate the tasks for the entry level firefighter job, i.e., the job performed after formal training and probation, but before eligibility for promotion. Five members of the DCFD completed the PDI Checklist. They were selected for their broad experience in the DCFD and their knowledge of the entry level job. They included two entry level firefighters, one from an engine company and one from a truck company; one lieutenant; one battalion chief of firefighting; and one battalion chief of training. All five raters were asked to complete the Checklist for the entry level job in the DCFD, i.e., the work performed in the first one and one-half through six yearsin the Department. 2 RESULTS The high mean importance ratings for the raters suggests that firefighters seem Comparison of ratings for the five DCFD reluctant to rate tasks relatively unimpor raters tant. Possibly, firefighters interpret "relatively unimportrant" to mean "unimporFrequency distribution. Table 1 comtant. " The lower time spent ratings, pares the frequency distributions of ratings reaching a mean rating no higher than 2. 6 on the importance and time spent scales for on the 5-point scale, suggest that firefightthe five DCFD raters. The individual disers may have some difficulties rating time tributions show that raters generally dison a relative scale, especially since time tribute their ratings across all five scale can be so readily quantified in an absolute points. However, the patterns of the distrisense. Because firefighters typically perbutions differ significantly p <. 01, x2 (16)= form a large number of tasks that take 168. 3 and 121. 8 for the importance and time little clock time to perform, firefighters spent scales, respectively. These differmay be biased to skew the relative scale ences are not unexpected. First, the raters in the direction of these act'Jal time requiredid not all rate the same number of tasks; ments. Even tasks that involve substantial second, the tasks rated were not always the amounts of time receive diminished ratings. same, eventhough all raters were directed This may be a function of a second tendency to focus only on the tasks performed by ento de-emphasize the less attractive aspects try level firefighters: third, raters repreof firefighting, i.e., the routine maintensented different positions and units with ance and inspection tasks. their possibly unique perceptions of the entry level job; and fourth, there are indiMeans and variances. Table 2 shows vidual differences in the ways raters underthe mean, standard deviation, range and stand and use the relative rating scale. To number of tasks rated for each of the five illustrate the last point, the distribution raters. Rater E used only four of the five of ratings on the relative scale should theopossible scale points for the importance retically approximate a normal distribution ratings, while Rater A used only four for about the mean rating of 3. 0. However, all time spent. The respective mean ratings raters skewed their distributions negativedemonstrate the varying degrees to which ly for importance. and positively for time the raters deviated from the theoretical spent. Rater D most closely approximated mean of 3. 0 on the relative scales. Exthe normal distribution, while Rater C apcept for Rater D who rated 149 tasks, the pears to have avoided the use of the averraters rated tasks within the small range age rating as much as possible by rating of 164 to 177 tasks out of 204, demonstramost tasks either above or below average ting that the Checklist contains relatively in importance and time spent. Table 1 Frequency Distributions of the Ratings by Five DCFO Raters on the Importance and Time Spent Scales SCALE • lmeortance Time SeentRater Rater Rating A B c 0 E A B c D E 12 20 32 2 0 81 77 53 35 88 2 21 28 30 12 16 48 70 60 40 33 3 39 57 15 58 82 34 16 12 42 40 4 25 32 29 48 38 9 5 16 20 13 5 75 32 58 29 41 0 23 12 3 Total 172 169 164 149 177 172 169 164 149 177 3 Table 2 Means, Standard Deviations, Ranges and Numbers of the Ratings by Five DCFD Raters on the Importance and Time Spent Scales lm~ortance Rating Time S~ent RatingNumber of Tasks Standard StandardRater Rated Mean Deviation Range Mean Deviation Range A 172 3.8 1.3 -5 1.8 .9 -4 B 169 3.2 1.3 -5 1.7 .8 -5 c 164 3.3 1.6 -5 2.4 1.4 -5 D 149 3.6 .9 -5 2.6 1.2 -5 E 177 3.6 .9 2 -5 1. 9 1.1 -5 Table 3 lntercorrelations Among the Ratings of +he Five DCFDRaters on the Importance and Time Spent Scales RaterSource A B C D E Rater A 58 47 53 30 Rater B 53 47 52 48 Rater C 43 51 44 53 Rater D 37 32 54 40 Rater E 47 56 49 48 Note. Correlations in the upper right half of thematr~re for importance: those In the lower lefthalt are for time spent. Since correlations for anytwo raters consist only of tasks rated by both raters,n's range from 144 to 177. Decimal points have beendeleted for clarity. 4 few tasks that are extraneous to the entry relatively little time actually performing the most critical tasks of their job. Given level job.. this characteristic, it was expected that the Rater intercorrelations. Table 3 shows scales would correlate relatively little, barthe intercorrelations among the five DCFD ring halo effects. Table 4 shows the inter raters for the two scales. The data confirm correlations between the two scales for that there are differences as well as similthe DCFD and PDI raters. As expected arities among the ratings, and"that raters the importance-time correlations are low. who are in relatively high agreement on one They are . 44 for the DCFD and . 34 for the scale do not necessarily agree to the same PDI sample. Although both r' s are based extent on the other scale. on mean ratings for tasks, it must be noted that the PDI means, based on a larger num Since the rater differences and biases ber of ratings, are more reliable. Indiviin the ratings can be assumed to be systemdual importance-time correlations for each atic for any individual rater, the relative rater range from . 19 to . 62, indicating that raters use the two scales with varying de importance and time spent ranking of tasks remains essentially unaffected. This can grees of independence. be demonstrated by the considerable over lap with which raters ranked tasks in the Compariso~-of DCFD and PDI ratings top quarter of all the tasks. More speci fically, the top quarter of the important Mean ratings were computed for the tasks for the five raters results in 345 tasks rated by the DCFD and PDI samples. tasks. (The top quarter or the top 51 tasks In each case the mean was based only on the often divides the ranked list of tasks in the number of ratings submitted. For example, if only two of the five DCFD raters rated middle of a set of tasks with the same rating. When this occurs, additional tasks a task, the sum of those two ratings would with the same rating as the 51st task were be divided by two to give the mea:!'!, This included in the top quarter. Consequently, procedure has the effect of establishing the total number of tasks contributed by the importance or time spent on a task only the five raters was 345 rather than 255.) for those raters who rated the task. In Of these 345 tasks, only 131 are unique, with interpreting the rank order of tasks, it then 18 ranked in the top quarter for all five becomes important to always consider the raters, 25 ranking in the top quarter for number of raters who rated a task in order four raters, and another 25 ranking in the to assure that the· mean rating is not based top for three raters. Thus over half the solely on the responses of a few atypical tasks were ranked in the top quarter by raters. An alternative procedure that diover half of the raters. vides the sum of the available ratings by the total possible number of ratings can For time spent, the overlap is not as often provide a more useful estimate of a large. Of 104unique tasks in the top quartask's importance or time spent for the fire ter, 7 were in the top quarter for all five department as a whole. raters, 13 for 4 raters and 24 for 3 raters. Appendices D and E list the tasks of the Additionally. the agreement among raChecklist in order from the highest to lowters is evidenced by the overlap in tasks est mean importance and time ratings for not rated. Of the 204 tasks in the Checkthe DCFD. It also includes the means for list, at least three of the five raters agreed the large. medium and small cities. 1 Eight that 30 tasks were not performed by entry tasks received maximum mean scores of level firefighters. 5. 0, "More important than other tasks," on the importance scale. They are: These rater comparisons demonstrate that despite individual differences in rat41 Position ventilating fans.... ings, raters show considerable agreement 60 Prime pump. in their ranking of tasks. 63 Maneuver, raise, spot, hold, bridge, and lower...ladders. Scale intercorrelations lBownas and Heckman (1977) report slightly Two rating scales were used in the different data for the PDI study, since analysis of the firefighter job, because, untheir report included the ratings from an additional large fire department. like many jobs, firefighters tend to spend 5 64 Climb, work from, and descend Appendices F and G contain the standladders carrying people or equipard deviations and n' s of the importancement, .... and time time scales for the PDI Checklists66 Elevate, rotate and extend aerial completed by the DCFD raters. The tasksladder.... receiving the highest variance for the DCFD70 Don and operate portable breathing raters on both the importance and time spentequipment. scales was Task 183, "Interact informally72 Operate hose lines.... with other members of shift. ..• " Since the135 Administer closed chest cardiac five DCFD raters rated Task 183 identically compression.... on both scales, the mean is 3. 75 and thestandard deviation is 1. 89 for both scales.Receiving considerally lower mean ratBownas and Heckman (1977) report the highings, the most time-consuming tasks are: est standard deviation of 1. 31 on importancefor item 129, "Provide paramedical treat8 Clean, dry, inspect and properly ment to victims in apparatus while en routesecure firefighting and salvage to hospital, using UHF transmitter, and folequipment.•.. lowing treatment advised by doctor on call. "142 Straighten up quarters and clean This item also received the highest standardfloors, walls, etc. deviation of 1. 13 on the time spent scale.24 Stand watch. . . . Because the DCFD data are based on only70 Don and operate portable breathing five raters, there is a greater likelihoodequipment. that there will be a consensus of opinion72 Operate hose lines... . than with the much larger PDI sample.107 Remove fire debris... . Consequently, for the DCFD sample there164 Attend daily or periodic training are 38 tasks with no variance on the imporsessions...• tance scale and 58 tasks with no variance183 Interact informally with other memon the time spent scale. These are tasksbers of shift. . . . which were rated the same by all those Table 4 Correlations of the Importance and Time Spent Ratings for the PDI and DCFD Samples Source r n 1. DCFD mean ratings . 44 188 2. PDI mean total ratings . 34 204 3. PDI mean large city ratings . 30 204 4. PDI mean medium city ratings . 34 204 5. PDI mean small city ratings . 37 204 6. DCFD Rater A . 41 172 7. DCFD Rater B . 23 169 8. DCFD Rater C .19 164 9. DCFD Rater D . 62 149 10. DCFD Rater E . 25 177 6 who rated them. This includes tasks not rated by any of the raters, but also includes tasks rated equally by all five raters. For the PDI sample there were always a few raters who rated each task. The lowest standard deviation for importance ratings was . 34 for item 70, 11 Don and operate breathing equipment. 11 The lowest standard deviation for time spent was . 08 for item 33, 11 0perate fire/ rescue boat at scene of waterfront fires. 11 The low variances are typically a function of the relatively high or low mean ratings the tasks involved. Table 5 shows the distribution of task means for the DCFD and PDI samples. Although chi-square tests between the samples result in significant differences (X 2 equals 41. 8 for importance and 36. 6 for time spent with 5 degrees of freedom, p <. 01) these findings are misleading, since they are biased by the chi-square1 s sensitivity to low frequencies in some cells and the large differences in the n 1 s. The PDI means are ·based on ratings by over 200 raters in 47 departments, while the DCFD means are based on only 5 ratings. Table 5 Frequency Distribution of Mean Importance and Time Spent Ratings for the DCFD and PDI Samples SCALE Mean Rating Importance I5CFI5 POI Time DCFD S~ent IJI 0.0 - 0. 4 0 16 0 16 0. 5 -1. 4 2 5 43 67 1.5 - 2. 4 19 33 124 70 2. 5 -3. 4 89 54 35 39 3. 5 -4. 4 88 68 2 12 4. 5 -5. 0 6 28 0 0 Comparison of the overall means of the two samples shows much greater similarity, The means for importance are 3. 37 and 3. 33 for the DCFD and PDI samples, respectively. Corresponding means for time spent are 1. 97 and 1. 91. The intercorrelations between the mean ratings across common tasks also suggest a similarity between the samples, as is shown in Table 6. Although the DCFD sample means do not correlate as highly with PDI1 s total means as PDP s subsamples of city sizes, the correlations of . 80 and . 81 are nevertheless impressive. The lower correlations can at least in part be attributed to the lower n and lower reliability of the DCFD ratings. These correlations between the DCFD and PDI ratings indicate excellent agreement across the two samples and across fire departments in small, medium, and large cities. Bownas and Heckman (1977) extended their findings across the six geographic regions with correlations in the mid to upper . 801 s. Reduction of the task list ln order to focus only on the :q1ost important and time-consuming aspects of the job, the rank ordered task list was reduced to include only the top ranking tasks. There are any number of acceptable ways of selecting the top tasks. Bownas and Heckman (1977) used a procedure involving the crossproducts of the time and importance ratings supplemented by rational decisions about the tasks. For the DCFD ratings, tasks were selected in the final list only on the basis of whether or not they were in the top quarter of the rank ordered lists for importance or time spent. PDI1 s procedure reduced the Checklist to 120 tasks, the DCFD procedure reduced it to 80 tasks. Appendix C shows the Checklist and indicates. with entries of the mean ratings, which DCFD tasks occur in the top importance and time-spent quarters. Tasks included in the PDI list of 120 tasks are asterisked ('~) for comparison. All except 5 of the 80 DCFD tasks are contained in the PDI list. These tasks are tasks that for some reason are relatively more relevant to the DCFD than to the nationwide sample. These five relatively unique tasks are: 73 Operate hose lines with foam gen erators and proportioners. 79 Operate attic and cellar pipes. 130 Drive emergency vehicle to trans port injured persons. . . . 7 144 Lock station doors and windows, and secure valuable items from theft, vandalism, and damage to the station. 168 Plan and make training presenta tions within the department. The unique contribution of the two scales to the reduced list of 80 tasks is demonstrated by the sources of the tasks. Of the 80 tasks, 29 were in the top quarter on the importance scale, 23 derived from the time scale, while the remaining 28 tasks occurred in the top quarters of the rank ordered lists for both scales. DISCUSSION The results indicate that the Checklist scales function as expected and that despite significant rater differences in the use of the scales, raters demonstrate considerable agreement in their rank ordering of tasks. The comparison of the importance and time spent scales shows that each scale provides its unique contributions to the description of the firefighter job. When the DCFD is compared to the PDI nationwide sample, there appear to be some differences, but these tend to be largely artifacts of the differences in the number of ratings being compared. If only the most important and time-consuming tasks are compared, PDI' s nationwide sample and the DCFD yield almost identical task lists. This is confirmed by the high correlations between the mean PDI and DCFD ratings. These findings and PDI' s further findings that mean task ratings correlate substantially across different size departments and across different geographic areas suggest that there is much similarity in firefighting work across jurisdictions and that the DC FD is not atypical of other paid fire departments. Considering these similarities, it becomes possible to consider the portability of selection instruments, job performance measures, and validity research among firefighter jurisdictions. Examination of the most important and time-consuming tasks (Appendix C, or D and E) shows that the entry level firefighter job in the DCFD involves substantial physical activity. Typical actions are: "maneuver," "position," "climb," "elevate," "operate," "carry," "remove," "cut," "hoist, " and so on. The next major type of task involves communication, receiving and following orders, recording emergency calls, and providing superiors with relevant information. Explicitly cognitive tasks are relatively scarce among the top 80 tasks. Included are three tasks ( 1 06, 111, and 119) involving "locating," three tasks (81, 83, 133) involving "identifying," and "determining," two tasks (156, 168) involving "planning, " three (161, 163, 164) involving participation in training, and one (62) involving arithmetic computation. Table 6 Intercorrelations of Mean Task Ratings Between the DCFD and PDI Samples on Importance and Time Spent Source 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. DCFD PDI Total PDI Large Cities PDI Medium Cities PDI Small Cities 1 2 3 4 5 81 81 79 78 80 98 97 97 79 97 94 94 77 96 90 88 76 96 90 88 Note. Correlahons m the upper nght half of the matrix are for importance ratings. Those in the lower left are for time spent. Decimal points have been deleted for clarity. 8 This pam::ity of cognitive tasks can be attributed largely to their scarcity in the PDI Checklist. In developing the Checklist, PDI apparently subsumed the cognitive components of the firefighter tasks into the meaning of each task. Thus rather than separately including tasks such as "reading." "studying," "calculatin*." "determining, 11 "estimating. " and 'identifying. " these aspects of a task typically remained implicit. For example, even the performance of such apparently physical tasks as maneuvering and raising fire department ladders does not occur in a cognitive vacuum. First of all. a recruit's initial exposure to the task most likely occurs in a training manual, where the types of ladders and their placement are verbally described and illustrated in detail. Subsequent to learning the ladder evolutions. firefighters must continually rely on their memory of these procedures and make appropriate selections of ladders and placement to suit particular situations. Admittedly. these decisions become more and more automatic with experience, reducing the task largely to a physical act; but at least initially (as in the entry level job), the abilities required to acquire and successfully execute a ladder operation must include the more cognitive abilities. Because of this subtle transition in the abilities required to perform a task. it is recommended that incumbent firefighters be involved in the interpretation of task statements and particularly in any process used to identify what _abilities are required to perform the job. REFERENCES Bownas. D. • & Heckman. R. Job analysis of the entry levefllre-· fightmg position. Technical Memorandum. TS-77 -8. Washington. D. C.: U. S. Civil Service Commission, 1977. International City Management Association. 1975 Municipal Yearbook. ICMA. 1140 Connecticut Avenue N. W •• Washington. D. C. 20036. 1975. van Rijn. P .• Job analysis of entry level firefighhng m the District of Columbia Fire Department (DCFD): A Comparison of the DCFD with a nationwide sample. Washington. D. C.: U.S. Civil Service Commission. 1977. 9 Appendix A Fire Departments Included in the POl Task Analysis Pittsburgh, PA Salem, OR Canton, OH Bellingham, WA Johnstown, PA Ren+on, WA Miami, FL Utica, NY Hialeah, FL Baton Rouge, LA Coral Gables, FL Omaha, NB Wichi+a, KS Sioux City, lA Topeka, KS Fremont, NB Sal ina, KS Providence, Rl Odessa, TX Harrisburg, PA Carlsbad, NM 0ntgomery County, tv[) San Jose, CA Savannah, GA Bakersfield, CA A+ hens, HA Santa Cruz, CA San An+onio, TX Portland, OR Beaumont, TX Corvallis, OR Orange, TX Syracuse, NY Oakland, CA Au born, NY Salinas, CA Alexandria, LA Fairfield, CA Colorado Springs, co Seattle, WA Pueblo, co Everett, WA Littleton, co Bremerton, WA Santa CIara, CA Cedar Rapids, lA Sutter County, CA Marsha II town, lA Greenvi lie, sc ll APPENDIX B Interview Format, Results of Site Visits, and Suggestions for Improving the Preliminary PDI task Checklist Interview Format 1. Explain study to those who participate a. USCSC is funding us to do this 18-month study which began July 1 b. Objectives c. Sample-126 cities -phases -how they were chosen (randomly) d. Discuss the other phases Involving them e. Mention payment for workshops In which they wi II participate f. Appreciate their cooperation g. Benefits to them 2. a. Review the day's schedule b. Answer questions 3. Interview with Chief of high-level official a. Number of uniformed firefighters by job title b. Number of stations, shift times c. Levels within job classification of firefighter d. Simi larlty of duties, specialities (emergency, fire Inspection, equipment operation, communications, etc.) e. Major duties/tasks of firefighters In task oriented, behavioral terms f. Importance, time spent, frequency, complexity of duties g. Subtasks under duties (then repeat "f" above, time permlttlngl h. What conditions and circumstances Influence performance of the duties (I Ike making a duty more dlffucult on some occasions and less difficult on others> I. Volunteer vs. full time j. KSOAs required 4. Interview with training director a. Discuss length and content of training program b. Review and/or get copies of training materials If possible c. Review proficiency tests used In training d. One-half hour of training fact lity/classrooms e. Discuss major tasks/duties f. Discuss what qualifications applicants bring (should bring) to +he job and how people change on KSOA during classroom and on-the-job training g. Repeat relevant questions In "3" above, time permitting--don't be reduntant 5. interview with Captain or high-level station commander at a fire s+e+ion a. Explain study b. Repeat "c-h" and "j" from "3" c. Tour the station 13 APPENDIX B (Continued) Interview Format 6. Have one Incumbent firefighter (with 2-8 years of experience) and onefirst-level supervisor complete task check I ist (the supervisor shouldcomplete the check list for the firefighter job, not for his own) a. Explain purpose of our study b. IndIcate how the check I i st was devised c. Indicate purpose for giving them the check I ist 1. to see if the list Is comprehensive 2. to see If tasks can be eliminated 3. to get a rough Idea of time spent and Importance of each task d. Emphasize that this Is confidential and has nothing to do with theirdevelopment, job evaluation, reorganization, etc.--their responseswi I I be combined with responses of 17 other departments to help usprepare a mail-out questionnaire e. Go over Instructions with them (front page of check list) 7. Be alert ot future phases of the project during these visits. GenerateIdeas about differences In duties/tasks by department size and geographicregion. If possible, find out how many minorities work In each department and whether they are assigned different duties. Think about possible predictors and criteria. Find out how the department currently selects flreflghers and what role, If any, Civil Service plays. 8. Exit Interview with the Chief or llaslson official 14 APPENDIX B (Continued) Training School Visit The entry-level firefighter job: The first year a firefighter spends in the DCFD is a probationary year. It includes the initial 45-day (9-week) training at the Training School and subsequent assignment to an active truck or engine company for the remainder of the year. After completing the year of probation, the firefighter can be assigned to either a truck, engine, or rescue squad company, or to an ambulance unit. He may be rotated among any of these units and is expected to know how to perform the different job tasks associated with each company or squad. A firefighter is not eligible for promotion to officer rank until he has served six years. He may compete for promotion to several technician levels of firefighter before he has served six years, but because length of experience counts in the ratings, in practice most firefighters serving less than six years do not expect to earn one of these positions. For these reasons, the entry-level firefighter job in the DCFD can basically be considered that of firefighters who have completed one year of probation, but have six years of experience or less. Training program. Training in the DCFD is twofold: Instruction given in the Training School and continual on-the-job drill included as a part of daily routine.' The initial training course given at the Training School for newly appointed firefighters is 45 days long. It includes both training in skills and training in the knowledges needed to perform as a firefighter. Much of the knowledge is covered in technical manuals that are written in fairly complex language. The skills are taught using actual a~pdratus, climbing towers, and controlled fire situations. When the course is completed, the firefighter should have learned everything necessary to perform all the basic tasks he may be assigned. The rest of the probationary year is to allow these skills and knowledges to develop through application. During the 45 day course, daily quizzes are given to indicate to both the instructor and the firefighter how well the material or skill training is being understood. Success or failure in training, however, is based on three major proficiency tests given at three-week intervals in the train ing c~urse. (There are several series of these three tests, designed to be parallel in content and rotated among the classes so the test content remain secure.) It is possible to receive a failing mark on the first of the three, which counts 20% of the final training school grade, and still pass the training course by doing well on the last two tests. very low failure rate in the training school (perhaps 1 to 2%) of the individual attention given each trainee. There is because a Throughout the probationary year, a firefighter is trained and tested monthly by the station commander in certain skills and knowledges. These skills and knowledges and how to teach them are prescribed for the station commander in the probation training manual. The tests are a combination 15 APPENDIX B (Continued) Training School Visit of oral examination ~nd observation of performance. The tests must be passed for the probationer to continue as a firefighter. After the probationary year is completed, on-the-job training continues.Special courses in advanced techniques or special equipment are givenat the Training School. More important, however, is the training drillincluded in every daily schedule in the fire stations. There are specificskills or parts of the training and operational equipment manuals designated in the training guides to be covered in each drill. Drill generallytakestwo hours each day. Each firefighter is also expected to spend timestudying the special equipment and tasks associated with the company orsquad where he is currently assigned. }!ajor tasks and duties of entry-level firefighter. Chief Devine andChief Cross see the major duties and tasks of the firefighter to be thoseencompassed by the fire department mandate: to fight and controlfire and to save property and life in fire and other emergency situations.To these ends the firefighter must be able to perform many varied tasks,SOQe of which may be performed only rarely, but all of which must bethoroughly learned and understood. The nature of the job involves working in emergency situations, and there is no time to learn a seldom-usedbut necessary emergency task when the emergency arises. Necessary applicant qualifications. The factors that appeared in thisdiscussion were verbal ability, some mathematical ability and mechanicalaptitude. Because of the amount of material covered in the trainingcourse, including many written sources and the applications of m3thematical formulas to practical firefighting situations it is impossible toteach both the substance of the training course, and the basic verbal andmathematical skills as well. Because so much equipment is involved injob performance, a basic mechanical aptitude was suggested as necessary.Although a firefighter could possibly be trained in the operation of theequipment without reading the appropriate manuals, he might not be ableto make the adjustments necessary in an abrupt change in the emergencysituation without understanding how the equipment works. Also, theequipment used by the firefighter is becoming more complex every yearand the firefighter must have the ability to continually learn new procedures. The most important factors for successful firefighter perform • ance, as stressed by Chief Devine and Chief Cross, were: Job dedication,maturit~ and a sense of responsibility. 16 APPENDI:: B (Continued) Visit with Assistant Fire Chief for Operations September 23, 1975 On September 23 we interviewed the Assistant Fire Chief for Operations, Jefferson W. Lewis and the civilian Administrative Officer Edward E. Eberhard at the DCFD Headquarters. The results of that visit can best be organized by following your site visit outline for the interview with the Chief- Firefighting Division Total a. Fire Chief 1 Assistant Fire Chief 2 Deputy Fire Chief 3 6 Battalion Fire Chief 28 33 Captain 53 58 Marine Eng. Pilot 6 6 Lieutenant 106 112 Sergeant 68 75 Assistant Marine Eng. Pilot 2 2 Fire Insp. Tech. 19 Fire Inspector 25 Private Tech. 348 443 Private 642 650 b. 3 platoons (2 shifts) 48 hour work week 32 engine companies 8 battalions 3 rescue squads 10 ambulances 1 fireboat c. firefighter private technician positions: drivers, chief's aid etc. ambulance driver rescue squad d. Basically the entry level position is in an engine or truck company but a firefighter is expected to and can be called upon to perform any of the other duties. e. respond to calls for help of all kinds operate equipment conduct inspections meet the public exhibit courage: being on the job when things get rough 17 APPENDIX B (Continued) Visit with Assistant Fire Chief f. time varies with unit, firehouse, season, etc.1-1/2 hours/day spent cleaning apparatus, quarters, etc.2 hours/day drillinformation servicespublic communicationspublic services, e.g., registering bicyclesinspectionspreventive maintenancefighting fires g. h. riots, weather, false alarms,Metro construction (subway),wind, darkness, snow, heat i. all full time in DCFD j. dedication to helping peoplemechanical aptitude (fixing things)read and writeEnglish comprehensionmath ability (basic computatior'couragedependabilitystamina 18 APPENDIX B (Continued) Fire Station Visit September 24, 1975 During the on-site visit to the fire station, discussions were held with the platoon commander in charge of the station, Capt. L. L. Beardmore, and with many of the firefighters assigned to the station. The following sections are a synthesis of responses from each of these discussions. They also represent observations made by the CSC team. Requirements to perform firefighter job. The key requirements given by the firefighters are: "ability to make quick decisions," "ability to adjust routine evolutions as the emergency situation changes," "dependability," "sense of responsibility," "be there when his company needs him," "desire to help people," "courage." The need for verbal, mathematical, and mechanical abilities was discussed. Many of the firefighters felt that a basic level of these abilities must be possessed by new hires, but that most of the skills or knowledges required to perform successfully in the DCFD can be learned on the job. The attitude of the individual firefighter is considered crucial. Those who view the fire department as "just another job " or a "job taken because the pay is good" can possibly learn the skills and knowledges but are not likely to be outstanding firefighters nor to be willing to invest the time and energy necessary to be promoted. The question of whether or not changes in attitude could be expected during training or after reporting to a fire station was brought up. The firefighters did not think this a likely possibility and several noted that they had never seen it happen. Major duties, tasks of firefighters. In discussing the performance of the firefighter in an actual emergency fireground operation, the criticality of the initial response to an alarm was repeatedly stressed. This initial response includes the arrival at the fire scene, the size-·up, the set-up of apparatus, the entry of the building, and all of the teamwork and individual decision-making that accompanies these activities. Because this initial response generally occurs within the first few minutes on the scene, it is seldom observed by the layman. On the basis of these interviews it is clear that a job analysis would not be complete without the observation of a fireground operation. It is especially important that such observation include the critical first few minutes of response. A second important point that emerged from the discussions and was supported by our observations is that training and drills are considered by the firefighter to be integral parts of the firefighter job. Drill is included in the daily routine and is not considered a "time filler" activity. Firefighters are encouraged to study on their own and to keep their knowledges and skills current. Complexity, frequency of duties. The number of tasks or skills learned by each firefighter is necessarily great for two reasons. First, firefighters are rotated and assigned to the various units within a fire station or detailed from company to company, day by day, to meet manpower 19 APPENDIX B (Continued) Fire Station Visit shortages. Thus each firefighter has to know how to function on thepumper, the ladder truck, the rescue squad truck, or the ambulance.Second, emergency situations are never exactly alike and all firefightersare trained to expect and react appropriately to a wide variety of emergencies under various conditions. Although a particular knowledge orskill may seldom be used, it must nevertheless be in the firefighter's repertoire should the situation arise. Conditions influencing performance. The weather, the time of day ormonth, the section of the city, the type of construction, the road conditions, the availability of and sophistication of apparatus, and manyother factors influence performance at any one emergency. The firefighter's work has also been affected in the past by harassment of the firefighters, both verbal and physical, and such problems continue today. False alarms are a frequent occurrance. These sap the energy of thefirefighter, especially when they occur during the night shift. 20 APPENDIX B (Continued) Task Checklist Comments September 1975 Following interviews with officers and entry level firefighters, it was found that the preliminary task inventory is inadequate in a number of ways: 1. Instructions to rate tasks on whether or not they are performed on a "reasonably regular basis" may be useful in the review stages where subject matter experts are asked to describe the work perf6rmed by the entire firefighter unit, but are too vague for the administration of the inventory itself. 2. Compound task/duty statements such as, "Receive, process, and transmit alarms" are confusing to answer and impossible to analyze. 3. Many other statements such as, "Supervise others" or "Prevent thefts" are vague and require qualification. 4. Some noncompound statements are too general to capture meaningful differences in work performed, e.g., 4f "Treat injuries." S. A number of tasks seem misplaced and nonparallel to other items at the same order of categorization. For example, 2p "Perform repair operations" does not fit in with the rest of the listing of apparatus and equipment that can be "Inspected, tested, maintained, cleaned, and repaired." Furthermore, the breakdowns under 2p refer first to the use of a certain tool (using lathe), then a procedure (welding) and then "Forming and fabricating parts." The latter statement, of course, can involve both former statements. 6. It is unclear how superordinate tasks are to be rated when not all subordinate tasks. are performed. For example, on page 2, if an incumbent "Moniters gauges" (3il) hut does not "operate valves" (3i2) or "Solve hydraulics problems using mathematics" (3i3), how.does he/she rate the superordinate category "Operate pumps" (3i)? 7. Some subordinate tasks require reading back to the superordinate category for its stern while other subordinate tasks are meaningful in themselves. 21 APPENDIX B (Continued) Task Checklist Comments 8. The numbering and lettering system is awkward and confusing. 9. It is not clear why statements such as "Lay hose lines"(3f) are subordinated with just a single task, "Roll, "carry, drag hose" (3fl). The above comments and criticisms may be corrected with the followingrespective suggestions: 1. General instructions should define performance on a"Reasonably regular basis." For example, "If youhave performed the task during the last(year, 6 months, etc.) mark a "+", if you have not performed the task in the last , mark an "0"in the space provided." 2. Breakout compound duty/task statements into meaningful(as determined by job knowledge experts) components. 3. Clarify vague statements using appropriate adjectivesor qualifying phrases. For example, "Formally superviseother firefighters" and "Informally supervise the workperformed by junior firefighters" might replace thesingle statement "Supervise others." 4~ Certain general superordinate statements might be eliminated, e.g., "Treat injuries" is too broad and is ratheradequately represented by the twelve subordinate statements. Otherwise, expand on the original statement tomake it more specific. 5. Comments 5-9 can be countered by arranging the inventoryaccording to the following guidelines: a) Cluster tasks into duty categories that are notrated. b) Consistently name duty categories with a gerund(--ing) and label them A, B, C etc. c) Write all tasks belonging to the inventory at thesame level of specificity, making them as independentfrom each other as possible. Each statement shouldbe relatively meaningful out of context and shouldminimally overlap with other statements in theinventory. 22 APPENDIX B (Continued) Task Checklist Comments d) The meaning of task statement should be such that the statements will be ratable on the scales to be applied to the inventory. e) Maintain a consistent format for writing the tasks. A sentence form with the subject "I" understood is generally useful. f) Number tasks 1, 2, •••.n within eacH duty cluster, cumulatively 1, 2 .•..N, or both. This way tasks can be readily referenced as Al3, E25 or cumulative task number 83 Generally the clustering of tasks seems adequate, although from a public relations standpoint it might have been more appropriate in the review stages to place more important duties such as "Responding to Fires" first in the inventory rather than such duties as "Maintaining Building and Grounds at the Station." For the purposes of administering the final inventory a noncommittal temporal order may be more appropriate It is essential that changes in the inventory are made with the assistance of job knowledge experts to assure that the result wil1 be generally meaningful to the incumbents who will fill out the final inventory. Specific recommendations for additions, deletions and changes to the preliminary inventory were solicited from a Lieutenant (first-line supervisor), a Sergeant (Officer who rotates from station to station but has no formal supervisory function), an entry level firefighter from a truck company, and an entry level firefighter from an engine company. Their verbal comments have been incorporated in this discussion of the inventory. Their written responses are shown on the attached inventory response sheets. It does not appear that there are many tasks that can be eliminated. Being a large department, \Jashington, D. C. has a special division that assumes primary responsibility for .investigations and inspections that might be performed by firefighters themselves in a smaller jurisdiction. "Manning the life net" may be the only task that might be deleted. 23 Appendix C ' - Note. Task statements with entries in the columns on the right hand side of the page represent tasks that are in the top 25% on at least one of the scales. Entries show the mean ratings assigned to that task on the indicated scale. The asterisk (*) following some of the tasks marks the tasks retained in PDi•s reduced task list. November 1975 PERSONNEL DECISIONS. INC. c Our thanks and compliments to the Littleton, Lolor~do F.O. 2515 FOSHAY TOWER MINNEAPOLIS. MINN. 55402 25 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE FIREFIGHTER CHECK LIST Introduction Our company, Personnel Decisions, Inc., is a Minneapolis-based firm of industrial psychology consultants. We have received a contract from the U. S. Civil Service Commission to study the job of Firefighter in a variety of communities across the country, and we are asking you to help us in this study by providing some information about the Firefighter job in your department. By "Firefighter" we mean firefighting personnel who have completed formal training and probation, but who have not yet been promoted. For example, in some departments, promotional positions have been crea"ted for drivers of apparatus, and these duties are no longer part of the firefighter's job, except to fill in for an absent driver in an emergency. In other departments, all firefighters are expected to handle the apparatus, and the members of a company rotate regularly through all positions and functions. We would like you to tell us what fir,~i'ighters in your department are expected to do as part of their job. The work performed by a firefighter includes routine work around the station, caring for apparatus and equipment, fire prevention and inspection duties, training activities, paperwork, and pub! ic relations activities, as well as actual firefighting, rescue, and first aid duties. We are going to ask you to use the attached check 1ist to indicate the amo'.lnt of time a firefighter in your department spends on a variety of • tasks in each of these areas, and to indicate the importance of each task for successful performance as a firefighter. To make these ratings, you will need to know just what we have included here in our description of a firefighter's job, so stop now and quickly read through the entire check list once without making any ratings, so you can get a feel for what is included. After you have read through the list, please continue with the instructions. How To Com~ete This Check List First, please fill in all the information we have requested on page 5. This will enable us to identify differences in the duties of firefighters across various departments and across different regions of the country. Next, work through the check list and make the following ratings for each task: If firefighters in your department never perform the task, put an "X" in the first column, "Never Perform," and go on to the next task. If they do perform the task, but only very occasionally on a relief or stand-in basis (for example, only when a driver or an officer 27 APPENDIX C (Continued) Is sick or on vacation and cannot be replaced), please lr.~icate this with an ••x" In the second column, "Rei ief Only." Next, for these "Rei ief Only" tasks, and for all tasks regularly and normally performed by your firefighters, plea~ write the n~ber 0-51 cQrrespondtng to tbe amount of time spent performing each task in the "TI10e Spent" box on the page. Please note that we are interested In the time spent relative to time spent on all other tasks performed, so try to take all 204 tasks---listed here Into account in rating each task. Time Spent Importance Ill Ill .:>L .:>L Ill Ill <1l <1l +-' +-' '-'- Ill "' Q) Q) '-'-.r:. ..... .:>L"' ..... .r:. Q) CIJ +-' c Ill c ..... 11'1.!::. 0 <1l <1l <1l 0 .r:. "' ..... .:>L .:>L ..... .... ..... ..... 0 "' "' Ill 0 c '-'-c Ill ..l<: IV IV 0 '-0 Ill0 .... ., .... 0 .r:. Q.CIJ a..r:. .... Ill .... ...,EL E...., '-.... '-·-..... · "U CIJ V"O .... 0 ..... E v .r:. '-.r:. v Q) c c "' E X A M p L E '-~""""GJ"""'-IV Ill ._, '-I'J >-IVOLOIU .... v ~ a. .... a. '--"' 0 g ~ - '-c E c 0 c 0 Q) 0 0 Ill IV 8 a.v E v g a. u .r:. "'.r:. u E "'-E ..... ... Ill .... ·-..... IV ..... ·'-Q) v ..... ... - TASK v ·--"' v v 0"1 "' ·-v ·-Q) > -Ill "' E '-'-Ill-E -' v v E V Ill 0 Ill Q) IU 0 z 0::: VI .....lVI X: .....I ....JctVIct::l: .. I 2 ~ 4 5 1 2 1 ~ r; I. Paint fire hydrants. X. 2. Operate hose clamp. 3. Operate I ife net. 4. Prime engine pump. X 3 I I 5. Straighten up quarters in stat ion. 5 The person In the example has Indicated that firefighters In his department are not responsible for painting fire hydrants. They operate hose clamps as part of their regularly assigned duties and spend about as much time on this as they do on the other 203 tasks Included In the check list. They are responsible for operating life nets, but they do It very seldom, compared with other tasks. Firefighters In the department are required to prime engine pumps, but only infrequently and only on a relief basis when the regular equipment operator Is absent and cannot be replaced by another driver. Finally, they spend a relatively large amount of time straightening up their quarters at the station, as part of their regularlyassigned duties. 28 APPENDIX C (Continued) Please work through the entire set of items and make~ these three ratings (Never Perform, Relief Only, and Time Spent). After you have made these ratings, then go back to the beginning of the list and, for each task your firefight~rs perform, rate the task's importance to performance as a firefighter. By "importance" we mean the criticality of the task for achieving the overall objectives of firefighters, which focus on preventing and extinguishing fires and saving 1ives. One way of assessing a task's importance is to ask yourself how seriously total job performance would be impaired if a firefighter did not perform that task. Please keep in mind that we are asking you to rate each task's importance relative to all the other tasks listed here. Thus, even though a task may be very importa~in itse~t could still be less important than most of the other tasks included in the 1ist and should receive a low rating. Time Spent Importance "' "' --'. .::.!. "' "' ro..., ro..., ' ' "' "' CJ "' Q) '-Q) '-Q) L+-'.::L..., 1: "' +"L 1: ..., L "' +-J..;,{ VI ..C. .::L+-' 0 ro .... ro..., ro...., 0 r-· TASK E X A M p L E E '0 ~ QJ Q. '-QJ > Q) z >-c: 0 ...... Q) ·-QJ a:: 0 "' "' "' 0 1: ''1: ro .::L ro ro 0 L 0 ro0+-JVI+-'0 ..r::. Q.Q) a. ..c. .... ro ..., ...,EL E ..., '... '·..., ·" Q) Q)\J ..., 0 ... Q)..C. I... ..C. Q) 1: "' Q) 1:'..., Q) .... ..... "' "' .... ..... r'J ro o..r::. 0 ro .... (I) "' g ~Q. .... Q. L-0 E c: 0 c: 0 0 E QJ ~0 ttl ttl Q.(l)u.r: 1/l.L: u E"' -E ...., ttl...., ·-..., ttl ... ·-Q) ... ...-"' QJ (I) Ol "' ·-QJ ·-QJ ro "' E ''.,_ E..... E QJ IV 0 ttl Q) ttl 0 12~t;' 11~f5 I. Paint fire hydrants. X ~- 2. Operate hose clamp, 3 '+ 3. Operate I ife net. I .3 4. Prime engine pump. )( ' 5 1 5. Straighten up quarters in station. s I 29 APPENDIX C (Continued) The imaginary rater we discussed above has completed the first three ratings on all 204 check list Items and has returned to make Importance ratings for the first five tasks. Since firefighters In his department do not paint hydrants, he did not rate Task I for Importance. He said that clamping hoses was a little more Important than most of the other tasks. Operating life nets was rated as about as important as other tasks, since, in most cases, other safer means of evacuating people are available. Pump priming was rated as clearly more important than the other tasks, since the rater's department uses only centrifugal pumps, and so they must be primed before any fire can be extinguished. Finally, straightening up quarters, although It takes a good deal of time, was rated a.s relatively unimportant compared with the other tasks listed. In Surrmary First, decide whether your firefighters perform the task at all, then whether they perform it on a regular or on a relief basis, and then what proportion of their time they spend doing it. Do this for all 204 tasks. Then go back and decide the Importance or-each task that is performed~firefighters In your department. Cautions 1. Rate only what firefighters do (~trainees, not officers, a~d not equipment operators If they are in a separate job classification~ 2. Rate only the tasks firefighters in your department actually perform, not what you wish they did. Rate only whether they perform each task, not how well they perform 3. lt. 4. When you estimate relative time spent and relative importance for task consider all 204 tasks, not just the other tasks In the each - . same task grouping. Try to use all the columns on both the Time Spent and the Importance 5. scales. Do not limit your ratings to the middle or the high ranges of the rating-5cales. 30 APPENDIX C (Continued) Rater and Department Information Please write: 1. Your name 2. Your rank or position title 3. Your city 4. Total number of uniformed personnel in your department (if known) Use an X to indicate: 5. Are firefighters in your city: paid volunteer both 6. Which of the following types of fires is your department called upon to extinguish? a. Resident i a I b. School c. Large factory and manufacturing (more than 50 employees) d. Small manufacturing (50 or fewer employees) e. Large mercantile (department stores with three or more floors or more than 5,000 square feet of floor area) f. Small mercantile (small shops and stores with one or two floors) g. Apartments or hotels with one or two floors h. Apartments or hotels with three to ten floors i. High rise apartments or hotels with more than ten floors j. Office buildings with one or two floors k. Office buildings with three to ten floors 1. High rise office buildings with more than ten floors m. Hospital or nursing home n. Light, one-or two-engine private aircraft o. Common carrier passenger aircraft p. Military aircraft q. Grass, scrub, or open field r. Automobile 7. Which of the following flammable or hazardous materials are present in your department's jurisdiction? s. Liquid bulk or liquid pressurized gas storage t. Flammable metals u. Radioactive materials v. Volatile gases and vapors 3! T' me Spent II Importance "' "' -"' -"' "' "' ~ ~: TASK e .... ~ L.. c. ;:;.,... :z >c: 0 ..... Ill ·-Ill a: .., .. ... ... Ill Ill .c. "' .,. .£:. ~.::tl. ...Jtl..., 0 ~ It"'...... 0 0-"'.., 0.. .. .. ... .. ... -a .., .. -,::J OJ.CL.CG '... 41.., \.. fl 0 .c :J " c. .. c.s; 0 ; s u .c "'..c \J.. '" .. -Ill_.,.,tlat .,_ "' E t... t.. e "' " o " V)-J"'X:-' I 2 3 It 5 ... ... Ill .. Ill .c ~ ~ ..., .r:. .., c"' c ... 0 fl IV fl....... 0 C L L C 1!&.~ &.2 .., -~ 5 -~.., ... 0 .. C"' II C IU "'.., 'fQ .., u"' 0.., ... -~ e ... &. Ill Ill 8 e-.. -e ·-.., "' .., ·... ... "'·~ ·-Ill ~~~~2 I 2 l " 5 INSPECTING, TESTING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING, AND READYING VEHICLES w t'V 1. 2. 3. "· Start apparatus to check engine and pump, ladder, or other systems for proper operation. Clean, wax, and polish fire apparatus and remove dirt, mud, grease, oil, and soot, to maintain ap~rance and Inspect for damage. Check levels of fuel, oil, transmission fluid, radiator fluid, booster tank water, battery fluid, etc., and fill as needed Perform periodic test of pumping capacity and pressure or of aerial ladder structural strength. * * * * 2.8 ;p "1:1 "1:1 M 2 tJ x 0 5. Clean, test, Inspect, and refuel mounted electrical generators. INSPECTING, TESTING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING, AND READYING EQUIPMENT ASSIGNED TO APPARATUS 6. Clean, dry, Inspect, and properly secure stretchers, 1ltters, and resuscitator equipment, and used first aid supplies and equipment. replace * 2.6 0 0 ;:J rt ...... ;:J s:: (]) Q. 7. Clean, dry, Inspect, and properly drIll, etc. secure rescue equipment such as K-12 saws, spreade-rs, pneumatic air * 2.6 8. Clean, dry, Inspect, and properly secure flreflghtlng and salvage equipment assigned to apparatus (ladders, hand tools, portable breathing equipment, ropes and tackle, ventilation fans, salvage covers and runners; hose appliances, nozzles, and extra hose coupllng5; leather strap5 and belts; coat, hat, and boots; etc.). * II II II 4.2 9. Clean, dry, Inspect, and replenish oxygen or compressed air tanks. 10. Clean, Inspect, refuel, and properly secure engine powered equipment such as portable generators, etc. chain saws, nonmounted : 1111113.4 II 4.8 INSPECTING, TESTING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING, AND READYING COUPLINGS AND 11. Wash, dry, Inspect, and rack hoses and couplings for future use. NOZZLES * " ~ II 2.. II I J Time Spent II Importance TASK "' "' ..._ .... .. .c.,. "'.c. ..,,.:,~.. .:Jt.0 .1'1 "' ..,.. 0"'_,"'o-"" ... o ... .. .... .. .. E 1111] 1! ..._ ~ ~L. L.. .... Q) .... \.. 1'?~~0-50~ ~ 5 ~~ 0 ~8 a. U.J:.IA.CU .., m.., ~ 11~11= ....... ~;> -ru"' E "r... ~ Q,) E GJ ra o -a z a: &1)-'""r-' "' "''-' _,"' "'., .,... .. .. "' "' 6)1.I:, ... ~~ .J:. .., ~ tA c ~ 0 ta IU 10 0.. -c ._ L.. C 1 :2.Gi&.2 .., -~ z -~ ...,: .. 0 .. c "' cu c .., Ill~ L C'll ~ ~ 0 i ~ o e o 0. 1.1 " Q ·--.,...,e-"'-e·... .. :::=~=~ ~<~<~ 1 1 ~It slit z 3 It 5 12. Perform periodic pressure test on hose sections. TESTING ALARM AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT w w 13. Speak with dispatcher over two-way radio, or audio or other alarm systems to test equipment. 14. Inspect street fire alarm boxes (still boxes) and return boxes to service after use. INSPECTING, TESTING, AND MAINTAINING FIRE HYDRANTS 15. Cut weeds and remove obstructions to hydrants. * :P '""d '""d M z t:J x 0 16. Paint hydrants. 17. rt~sh hydrants periodically 18. Test hydrant pressure. 19. Drain hydrants after use. to remove rust and sediment. 0 0 :::l rt ..... :::l c (f) 0.. ........ 20. Inspect and lubricate hydrant threads. INSPECTING, TESTING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING, AND READYING OTHER EQUIPMENT 21. Clean, inspect, service Jet Axe and other explosive devices. 22. Clean and test. inspect emergency station power generator for fuel and lubrication, and perform periodic RECEIVING, PROCESSING, AND TRANSMITTING ALARMS 23. Perform as dispatcher to receive telephone or still companies of location and nature of emergency. box alarm from pub I ic, and inform appropriate * 4.0 ~ Time Spent lmportanct1 "'_,. "' 2 "'_,. "'..... TASK .. .. L L 1! "' "'1.... ~ ~ ~ o "" rn 111 0.. _,. .. 0 ..... "' .... 0 ... .. ... L ... L E 111 1: 1 L rz L.. L....., IU...., L. ~~~ozo~ ~ g S~ 0 ~8 Cl. u ..c "'.c........ u ~ ,,~,,="' .. ., ~ > -"'"' E L.. '-IU 1> E U ra 0 ra z cr:: ....., ...... c.ll ::1: _, 123__U L L 01 01 Ul ..c.~~ ... .s=. ..... c:"' c 4-41 0 fa" " ......... 0 ·C '-L C fW0'-010! .co..uo...c ...., E .c E ..., ·... ·... 0 ... C Cift ti·C IU U't U 'tG ......... a..... 0~ 00..., "QE-.,.-E ·-...., IU .., ·., ... ::= ~ =~ .. .. 0 -I<(V'f '"0 '"0 M z tJ >--< >< 0 0 0 ;:J rt,_. ;:J c (1) 0.. 31. Place wheel chocks around rear wheels to prevent apparatus from roll lng when parked. 32. Drive apparatus while pumping water through fire hose to cover wider area when fighting grass fires. 33. Operate fire/rescue boat at scene of waterfront fires. EVALUATING FIRE CONDITIONS AND RECOMMENDING ACTIONS 34. Observe fire and smoke conditions and locate fire source. * II 4.8 35. Notify officer In charge and others of new Information on conditions. 4.4 36. Hake recommendations to officers regarding appropriate equipment and procedures (e.g., appropriate extinguishing agents and nozzles, number of hose 1lnes), positioning equipment, ventIlation opening$, escape routes, etc; and requesting additional or !•leasing unnecessary equipment or apparatus. • lijl I 11,1 I __ l. II J Time Spent II lmportanc~ "' -"' "' -' "' "' ~ J•"' ~ TASK ~ ~ (IJ Q. II~ > -c 0 ._ (IJ -(IJ "' ''1/l ..,. Cl) 1/l 'li L L... ..C~....£4-1~ Q.; Ill ..... c oJl c .... ....c: V'l Ill ...c o ttl ro ru :1 ..... -' -'~ ..... ....., .... 0 oJ1 1/1 ..n 0 c L... I... c 1'0 .....l t'1l 'U o ._ o rc 0 ....., 1/l ...... 0 ..c a.. QJ a. ..c: ..., I... ~ 1... -' 1 .....§ -5 .§ .... "'0 OJ 'lJ -o .... 'J .... ~ ...r:: ,__..::: QJ ;::: <./) Q.J c"' ~ ttl 0 ..c 0 '1'\.1 1/l .... 1... I"J Q. ~ 2i~.~~g:E c 0 c E 0 E 0 0 "' "' 1.) ..r: Ill ....c: 0 Q.QJ QJO. ~ "'~ u .§-=~-:: -~ -/.., tU 0 L.. 0 fG 0 .... "' ..... 0 J:.Q."Q..C '"' ., ... .......§ 5 -~ ~ --... ... ~ tJ GJ"'' E 4.1 ..c '-..c cu '"' c "' 0 ., '"' c L.. .... " ...... L.. ,., 11'1 ..... ... ttl ,.. -- ttl 0 ..c 0 ttl ~ - a. ... a. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~' 0 s~ a~ s 8_ II> E II> & --"'a. ... c U ..C 1/\ L U E-"'-E '"'.,'"' ·-~ ru ~ ·- TASK --·-"' --Ill" tJ "' "' tJ · 0'1 ·-tJ "'> -tt1 "' E '-L.. 111-E-' ., ., ., 0 !}}_ E " ra o ra "' f.n..JU")l:....J -'ctLI')o * ~----------------·---------------------------------------------------------------------------#-4~~------~-------1 '""0· 53. Make and unmake hose connections to water sources (hydrants, standpipes), to pumps, to nozzles and appl l '""0 ances, and to other hose sect Ions. * 2.8 4.2 trl z OPERATING WATER SOURCES t:l w ...... m X 4.0 5". Operate hydrant. using hydrant wrench. * 0 55. Operate roof water tower or elevated tank as water source. ~ 56. Supply or supplement standpipe or sprinkler system. ::l 2.6 4.4 ...... * ..... 57. Tap standpipe or sprinkler system as water source. 2.8 4.2 c ::l (!) 58. Operate engine booster tank. 3.0 4.4 0.. * 59. Draft water from impounded supply usln~ hard suction hose. 4.2 OPERATING ENGINE PUHP 60. Prime pump * 2.6 s.o 61. Operate throttle and rei ief valve or pressure regulator and monitor temperature, pressure, vacuum, and tachometer gauges to provide necessary volume and pressure. 3.4 4.8 * 62. Compute necessary engine pressure, given hose lay, using estabt ished procedures, printed charts, or mathematics 3.4 4.8 * ·--·----- II II II II I USING GROUND LAUDERS 63. Maneuver, raise, spot. hold, bridge, and tower straight ladders, extension ladders, roof ladders, pole ladders, attic ladders, and A-frame ladders. 3e2 s.o * Time Spent lllmportanc~ "'.>/. "'..... "' .>/. "'..... TASK E .... 0 ~ "'0. .... "'>.. z >-c 0 ....., ·-;; a: "' ...... ...... .. £"' tA ~ 4-I.::Ji. ..lit .... 0 1/t Ill"' 0 .. .>/. .. 0 ... 11'1 .. 0 ... .. ..... ... .... -o GJ .., , QJ-'= ..... ..c u L....., c» ....... rv o ..co ra 0. ... c.a ; o ; s u .J: 1/'1 ..c........ u -.. -1/'1 ClJ GJ I:J'I ro "' E .._ 'E 41 "' 0 "' V')-IVlX-' .... ...... "' ...c. .... ~..., .s:. ... c"' c ...0 f'D I'D ., 0... ... ... :i 0 .... 5 ~I -5 ~~ ~-51 ·... •-I ... 0 ... c tA GJ c ra.,..., L ra ~..! ~ 2 ~ 0 E o Q. GJ GJ Q E"'-E ·~ 1'0 ::: ·-Ill·Q.l ·-t.J ~~~-E-'" .. 0-Jc(Vt<(~ I 2 3 4 5 I 2 3 4 5 64. Cl 1mb, work from, and descend ment or procedures. ladders carrying people or equipment, and using appropriate safety equip * 3.0 5.0 w """ OPEaATIN~ AERIAL EQUIPMENT 65. Stabilize apparatus using wheel chocks, stabilIzing pads, and stabilizing jacks or outriggers. 66. Elevate, notate, and extend aerial ladder bed ilnd fly sections for supported or unsupported oper•tlon. 67. Operate snorkel or elevating platform from ground controls or platform controls. 68. Haunt and/or operate master stream appliances from aerial ladder, snorkel, or elevating pl•tform. 69. Operate elevating master device (Squirt) EXTINGUISHING FIRES ]0. Don and operate portable breathing equipment. * * * * * 2.6 2.8 3.8 4.2 5.0 4.4 5.0 :t:'"0 "' tTl z: D ...... >< 0 0 0 :l ......-:l s:: CD 0.. 7i. Operate any class of fire extinguishers. * 4.2 72. Operate hose I lnes with stream or fog nozzles and with master appliances. 3.8 5.0 73. Operate hose lines with foam generators and proportioners. 4.4 74. ;fifirt portable sprinkler heads through roofs of buildings to extinguish attic or loft fires. 75. Operate Installed sprinkler systems. ~---------------------· 76. Locate and operate shut-off valves for gas, electricity, oil, and water. * II II II 3.0 II 4.4 I 77. Beat grass fires with broom, paddle, or shovel. 78. Operate portable, hand operated pump to extinguish grass or scrub fires. 79. Operate attlcr•nd cellu pipes. 4.0 Time Spent II Importance "'~ "' ~ "' -"' "' e1· TASK E '~ ~ >-c: 0 ... "' ·-;; 0: ''"' .. " "' .. ''-J::. ..., ..¥ ..., .s:::. " .. ... c: "' c: ... .J:"' .. .r. 0 "' "' "' 0... -"' ~ ... ... ...... 0 "' 't.n 11'1 0 c: ''c: "'-"'"' "' 0 '0 "'o-..""..,0 .J: Q. " Q..J:... .. ... '"'E.J: E..,, '... '·..., ·"'0"' -IU..taE'-"-~~t-E-L.. C1J ~ ~~~~~ ~<~~<2 "l'l 'l"~I 93. Operate fogging machine to deodorize smoke-damaged property. 94. Wedge or clamp sprinkler heads after fire is extinguished. ;J::>'"0 95. Observe bystanders to protect salv~ged property from theft, and give any personal property found to '"0officer. M :z: .OPERATING EQUIPMENT AND USING TOOLS tJ w >--< (.0 :>< 96. Use striking tools (sledge, hammerhead pick, battering ram). 0 97. Use cutting tools (pickhead and flathead axe, roof cutter, wire and bolt cutters, auger, cutting torch). *II II II 2.6 4.0 98. Use pulling and prying tools (pike pole, plaster hook, wrecking bar). * II II II 3.2 :l II li 99. Use digging tools (ihovel, pic~). c (!) 100. Operate portable generator to produce electrical power. ,E; 3.0 4.2 * 1111 I! II 101. Operate power saws (circular, K-12, reciprocating, chain saws). * 102. Operate powered boring and dri I ling tools (power dri I Is, pneumatic cutting tools). 103. Use hoisting and I iftlng tools (jack, block and tackle, A-frame). REMEDYING EQUIPMENT FAILURES 104. Perform temporary repairs using tape, wire, rope, etc., and improvising with other tools and equipment. 105. Replace burst hose sections, using hose clamp and new hose sections. OVERHAULING PREMISES AFTER FIRES * 106. Locate hidden fires by seeing, feeling or smel I ing fire, and expose fires by opening walls, eel I ings, I floors, furniture, etc. * i II 3~o 4oR ------------ II II 1 Time Spent II Importance .>I."' :X"' .."' .."' ... ... ... ... "' ., ., "' L.. L.."' .r:. ..., .X ..... .c.., ., ..., c"' c..., .c. Ill ~~~~ 0 ...... 0 ~..:ll. .;Ji.&J ......... c:... '-c 0 lf) "' "' 0 .. :X .. fD 0 '-0 fG 0 ..... 1/)..., 0 ..C.Q.I.IQ..C ... .. ... ..., -~ -5 .~ ... L.. ... L.. '"0 G) 4) '"0 ... 0 ... E Q) .c: '-.c G) c Ill Q,) c L.. I-.... " .... L.. ta "'Ill ..... ' , 0 ..c 0 ,., ~ a. ... a. ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ L.. c 0 E 0 ., 0 s~ o ~ s Q. IJ t.l Q a. U.CinLU e-"'-e ..... ........ ·-..... 1!1 ..... ·- L.. ., -.. ... ... ·- -"' Q,) " C\i II~., ca "' E L.. ':= ~ =~ TASK Qi E ., '"0 IU z Vl-IVl::C.J ~<~cd~ "' 12J/j51l12J/j5 107. Remove fire debris after fire Is extinguished using shovel, mop and bucket, broom, and squeegee. 3.8 * shore up weak and dangerous structural components (floors, roofs, overhangs, cornices, etc.) 108. Tear down or * 109. Restore sprinkler system to service. * :J:>o locks, and• cover openings with wood or reinforced plastic '"0 110. Secure windows and doors with nails, hasps, and sheet to protect but ldlng and contents from weather, and to prevent theft and vandal ism. '"0 1 a 11 M .I:> * 0 TAKING INVENTORY, REPLACING EQUIPMENT ON APPARATUS, AND RETURNING TO STATION . I z tj ...... Ill. Locate and Identify equipment used, using check list or knowledge of equipment and storage locations, ·* ::X: 3.6 li I and replace equipment on apparatus. 0 112. Drive apparatus from fire scene to station. * 3.4 II I 0 0 I ::s .... ASSISTING IN ARSON INVESTIGATIONS -::s s:: I 13. Recognize and preserve evidence of arson. * I (f) 0. 114. Observe spectators for suspicious behavior. ~ I IS. Gather evidence at scene of fire under supervision of officer or investigator. II II II II I --· 116. Guard premises where arson Is suspected, pending Investigation. * 117. Testify in court regarding evidence discovered at fire scene. LOCATING AND REMOVING VICTIMS FROM ENTRAPMENTS (SUCH AS VEHICLES, CAVE-INS, MACHINERY, ETC.) 118. Move heavy object> or materials to gain access to or to free trapped victims or bodies. * 4.2 119. Locate and dig to free victims trapped or unconscious In tunnels, pipes, sewers, excavations, etc. * 4.o II II 'I 120. Cut or pry open vehicles, machinery, etc., to fre~ persons trapped or pinned ln., Ide, using extrlcator, 11111 K-12 saw, pry bars, come-along, or pneumatic cutttng tool. _l!_l I ____J Time Spent II Importance -""' -"'"' ~"' ~ "' ~ ~ ~"' "'... .I:."' ..... ...Jt."' ..... .c."' ~ C·..n c ~ .t:"' "' "'.!:"' 0 "' "' "' 0 ~ ~ ~ ~.J. -"' ~ 0 "' \1'1 ,.. 0 c ~ c 0 ...."'-"-"'\1'1.., 0 ..c ~ a. (1,1 a. .l: "' 0 ~ 0 "' ~ ~ "' ~ -~ 5 .§ .... ~ ~ L ~ ClJ \1.1 "'0 ~ 0 ~ IU ..C '-..C ClJ c "' "' c t L.. ....... QJ ..... '-ro"' .... '-ro0 >-ttJ 0 L 0 ttl a. ~ a. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~E 0 t: -c 8 ~ o ; a 0a.<> "'a. 0 u ..c \II ..c u E-"'-"' aE .... ~ "' ... ·-..., ro ..... ·- L en ·-IJ ·-"' -- ..n ~ tJ "' o./1 ·-(1.1 "'> -ru "" E '-Ill-~ E-~ '- L.. E dJ 10 o ta 0 ..J<(V"t<(~ TASK ~ "'"' V')....J(,/):£:....J "' "' 123451112~5 LOCATING AND REMOVING VICTIMS FROM BURNING BUILDINGS OR OTHER HAZARDOUS SITUATIONS ladder or stairs using drags, slings, 121. Carry or assist ~onscious, unconscious, or deceased victims down 4.8cots, scoops, ch~!rs, stretchers, or improvised equipment. * :;:. ··-------·-., 122. Remove victims using 1ife guns, 1ines, and belts. * zM t:J 123. Hoist or lower victims using rop~ and tying knots . * ...... 124. Remove trapped victims using aerial ladder or elevating platform apparatus. 4.8 :X: * 0 125. Remove energized electrical wire from contact with victim using hot 1lne cutters or pike pole, and 4.8 I 0protective clothing. ;::l * 0 r+ ..... 126. Operate life net. ;::l c (!) TRANSPORTING VICTIMS FROM THE SCENE 0. - I 12]. Carry victims to ambulance, coronary unit, or other emergency vehicles to assist emergency medical 4.2personnel. * 128. PrQWide emergency first aid treatment to victims in apparatus while en route to hospital. 4.6 * 129. Provide paramedical treatment to victims in apparatus while en route to hospital, using UHF transmitter, and following treatment advised by doctor on call. * -4.0 130. Drive emergency vehicle to transport injured persons to hospital or other medical facility. EVALUATING INJURIES ANU PLANNING TREATMENT 4.4 131. Check pulse and respiration of victims to determine whether circulation and respiration are functional. * 132. Inspect victim for evidence of arterial bleeding or poisoning. 4.2 * 133. Inspect scene of poisoning or drug overdose to determine nature of poison, and identify antidote or _ __J treatment procedure. -------* 4.0 ~~ Time Spent II Importance , .:>!., "' .... , -"' , "' .... TASK E '~ ., a. '., > "' II"' >-c 0 ......,--., ex: ... ', , "' "' .,... ... .r::. .... .x .... ..c., "' ...., c Ill c ....,.c. , ,.c; 0~~~0.... .:>!. .:>!. .... 0 Ill V'l t.l' 0 c ''c"'-"'"' ~ 0 '0 rg0...., "' ..... 0 ..c:. Q. " a. .l:.... "' .... '-'E.C E ..,'....... ·...., ·, "' .,., .... 0 .... 4.1L. L...t::. d.l c , ., c '...., ~ ..... L. ra \II....,'-., ra o ..c o tU ~ ~ 0 ~ ~a. .... a.a ; o ~ ~ 0 E ., 8a.v U ..t: VI ...C U E-VI-E .... ...... ·-...., , ·"' .... .... -V'l 4.1 GJ 0\ :::~:.:~I'1J 1A E ''-E 4.1 ra o 1t1 ., .. 0\1")-.JVlX:....J -lc{V'lct":X:: TREATING INJURIES 123451112345 ..,. N 134. Treat range of Injuries using advanced first aid and emergency care techniques (EMT). 135. Administer closed chest cardiac compression to victims of heart failure. PERFORMING WATER RESCUES AND RECOVERIES 136. Rescue drowning persons using poles, ropes, buoys, boats. 137. Rescue drowning persons by swimming and using appropriate lifesaving carries. 138. Remove persons stranded by water using rescue boat, trailer, motor, rope, 1ife jacket, oars, and anchor. 139. Recover drowned victims by diving beneath surface of water using boat, scuba tanks with regulator, and other diving gear. 140. Recover drowned victims from beneath surface of water using boat and dragging hooks. * * * * 4.6 5.0 :P '"'Cl '"'Cl tr:l z t:J x 0 0 0 ;:l ...... ...... ;:ls:: Cll a.- 141. Participate In flood control efforts. PERFORMING HOUSEKEEPING CHORES 142. Straighten up quarters and clean floors, walls, etc. * 4.2 143. Buy food, prepare meals for following meals in station. firefighters at station, and wash dishes, cooking utensils, and dining area * 3.2 144. Lock station doors and windows, and station. secure valuable items from theft, vandal ism, and damage at the 2.8 PERFORMING BUILDING MAINTENANCE 145. Inspect roofing, plumbing, glazing, heating equipment, etc. ~-------------------------------------------- ~~~~----~~----~ Time Spent Importance -""' -""'"'ro ro"' .... .... .... ~ .c.......,~ ..... ..r::"'~ c: "' "'.... "'.... "' "' c: .... "' V>..C"' o ro tO tQ o .I;"' ~.., ~ ~-" -"-.... 0 ..n 11'1 "" 0 c: .... .... c ro-'< ro .. 0 .... 0 ..... 1/'1 ..... 0 ..c a. "' ~ .... .., E .r; ~~ .... .... .... ro ·-.... .I "0 -., 0 .L 0 11) a. .., a. ~~o~:: ";: -c: 5 ~ 0 0 E o ·-ro "' E L.. '-VI-E-\.... "' -E v tU o ro ro 0 :;:: V)_JVl::L...J _.I<(IJ).;;(l: "' "' "' TASK "" I 2 3 4 5 I 2 3 4 5 llt6. Repair roofing, plu!'lbing, glazing, heating equipment, etc. 147. Cons t r uc t wa I I s , partitions, ceilings. :;;. 'l:J MAI~TAIHING OUTSIDE GROUNDS 'l:JtTl 148. r.ut grass, shovel snow, clean sidewalks, display colors, maintain flower beds. ztj .J:>. I-t w - 149. Construct sidewalks, ramps, retaining walls, etc. X 0 INSPECTI~G RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS FOR FIRE HAZARDS AND CONDUCTING EVACUATION DRILLS TI Inspect wirinr; and heating systems, basements and attics of residences, and make reconmendations for 0ISO. e I imina t i ng fire safety hazards, or refer hazards to bui )ding inspector. ;:Irt * ,_ ;:I 151. Inspect storage of hazardous and flammable materials and recommend corrections for unsafe practices. * c(1)2; 152. Inspect heating, coo I i ng , vent i I at i ng , and electrical systems in commercial bui !dings and refer unsafe practices to bu i I ding inspector. * 153. Inspect standpipes and sprin~ler systems; fire extingui,hers and preconnected fire hoses; fire escapes; ladders, and stairways; and detection and fire alarm systems in commercial bui !dings, and rec~nmend correct ions for unsafe practices. * 154. Conduct and time fire dri lis in schools and business. * 155. Inspect s i tes and issue burning permits. PREPLANNING AND PREPARING FOR FIRES. 156. Preplan fires in residential areas to provide information regarding hydrant locations, exposures, type 2.6 of occupancy, and areas of high life or monetary loss risk. * I - Time Spent II Importance "'~ "'.. ~ "' ~ "'.. ~ TASK E .... ~ .... Ill a. .... Ill > II~ >~ 0 ... Ill ·v "' ... ... "' .. .. .. Ill... ... ..r::. ~.;:,t, ~ .t::. Ill Ill ~ c "' c: .. .c "' . ,!:>. 157. ~replan f!res In lndustrl•l •nd commercial bul ldlngs to provide Information regarding location of ~drants and standpipes, building layout, hazardous material stor•ge, occupancy p•tterns, andstn•ctura! infonn~~tlon. 158. Or!v~ apparatus through district and communicate with city maintenance department, utility companies,etc., t~ ~btain information regarding street construction, temporary traffic restrictions, etc. PARTICIPATIHG IN FIRE PREVENTION DETAILS TO PLACES OF PUBLIC ASSEMBLY 159. Enforce pub I lc smoking regulations. * * • II I 2 3 ~ 5111 2 II 3 " 51 I :;c. '"0 '"0 trl z tJ 1-1 X 0 16C. Inspect fire exits to ensure that exits are cle•rly marked and operate properly, and aisles are kept clear of spectators •nd obstructions. ~A~TICIPATING IN FORMAL TRAINING 161. Participate in department academy prior to service. 162. Attend formal fire science technology courses outside the department. 163. Attend periodic in-service drills and evolutions. 16~. Attend daily or periodic training sessions in station. that exits and * * * * * D3.0 -3.8 0 0::s ..... .....::s ~ (1) 0.- 165. Participate in physical development workouts. * PARTICIPATING IN INFORMAL TRAINING 166. Read and study firefighting training materials on an individual basis. 167. Critically evaluate company, station, or department performance following fires. * * ("' Time Spent II Importance .. .>/. .>/. .. "' ~ "' "' '"'I ._ ._ "' "''-.£... ~.X.. .... £."' ._ .... c c ..... 1/) "' "' 0 tQ ..c"' .n..C tQ I1J 0 .... .>/. .>/. .... .... ........ 0 <.1'1 1/) 1/) 0 c '-._ c "'.>/."' "' 0 ._ 0 "' 0 .... \II .... 0 LO..CUQ..C .... .... ..., E .c E..., ._ ...."' ._ ·-.... · 0>"0 .... 0 .... "0 "' ._ L. .... QJ .... I... tU oil .... L. tQ rtl 0 ..c. 0 tQ E QI..C \..-..c (1.1 c "' .. c: ~ ->-c a. .... a. ~! b 2 ~ E c 0 c E 0 E 0 0 0.01 "'a. 0u ..c"' 11'1 .c"' u0 E-111-"' aE .... .... .. .... ·-.... tQ .... · '- .... .... ·-"' - 11'1 cu QJ "'c:n Ill·-11.1 ·-cu "'.,> -., I'D ..n E L. '-"'-E-\... .. .. E GJ I'D 0 10 0 n= a:: f.n-.JVlZ...J -I<(V"c(£ TASK I 2 J 4 ill I 2_1 4 5 CONDUCTING TRAINING ACTIVITIES 4.0 :t: 168. Plan and make training presentations within the department. "0 "':lM 169. Oversee and informally train new recruits on the job. :z: 170. Train vo!unteer fire departments, i'ndustrial fire control teams, etc., in firefighting or first aid x0 ~ te-:hn i (!'...:e5. c.n 0 PREPARINu ~KITTEN OR TYPEWRITTEN REPORTS 00 171. Prepare fire reports. ::l * ...... ..... 172. Prepare periodic emergency run and activity reports and summaries. ::l c (1) 173. Record entries in daily log. * -0.. 174. Record results of alarm, radio, apparatus and equipment tests. 175. Record equipment and apparatus missing or needing repair or replacement. * 176. Prepare inspection reports. 177. Prepare preplanning reports and draw preplanning maps and diagrams. 178. Draft or compose correspondence. 179. Type officers' correspondence. PERFORMING ADMINISTRATIVE AND RECORD-KEEPING DUTIES 180. Maintain adequate quantities of station maintenance and office sup.pl ies, expendable flreflghtlng and first aid supplies, and equipment and apparatus fuels, cleaning, and maintenance supplies * Time Spent Importance T~SK E '~ '., a. 'cu >.. "" >~ 0 ..... cu ·1. ~ 0 1ft "' Cl\ 0.. -"" .. 04-111'1"-'0... .. ... '~ '"0 ., "'"" tU .c.'-..t: OJ '-""' IU...., '"' 0 .J: 0 " a. .... a.6 ~ 0 ~ ~ U ..C VI .C U......... cu -vtOJQ)tn ta ~n E ''-E GJ 10 0 ru V')~V'I~~ "' "'-"" -"" "' "' !': .. ~ ''" "' ., .c. ... .;L...., s:. .... c"' c .6Jo,.," ra o ~ ... ~ c ''c ,., 0 ... 0,., .J:. a. Q,) Q. ..c. .., -~ -z -~ ~I ~ 0 ... c"' ., ctO"'...,'-" ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 E 0a.v .. a. E"'-E ·.w ra ..., ·.... .... := ~ =~.. .. 0 -Jc(V'Ic(X: 181. Maintain and update station library. I 2 1 It _5. 12.llt_i .!:>. 0) COMMUNICATING WITH PEERS 182. Speak with firefighters on other shifts to receive Information regarding previous day's activities. :83. Interact Informally with other members of shift for prolonged periods", under conditions of monotony andof extreme stress . 18/t. Relay orders from officers to other firefighters. COMMUNICATING WITH SUPERIORS 185. Attend roll call and receive and follow orders, instructions, and information regarding work to be done. 186. Receive and follow orders and instructions from officer at fire scene under conditions of stress, noise,and confusion. SUPERVISING FIREFIGHTERS * * * * * 3.8 2.8 3.2 4.5 4 R ;x:. '"0 '"0 tTl z 0 x 0 0 0 ;:l .......... ;:l c:: (l) 0.- 187. Formally direct and supervise firefighters at fire scene or other emergencies. 188. Formally direct and supervise firefighters during nonemergency activities. 189. Informally supervise and oversee activities of less experienced firefighters. RECEIVING AND HANDLING THE PUBLIC IN STATIONS * l9D. Conduct fire station tours and explain apparatus and equipment. 191. Inspect bicycles, Issue tags, and collect bicycle II cense fees. 192. Answer telephone and give information to callers. -- --- -- ~. L_ Time Spent II Importance "'_, "' "' .... "'_, "' ...... E ~ " a. ....., > ~ >-c: 0 ..._ " ·-., 0:: "' "' .... .... ., "' ..c. Ill Ill ..r:::. ...... ..::&. _JL..., 0 Ill Ill 11'1 0"'_, .. 0 .... 111 ...... 0 ..., ..... ~ L.. ... -ov v-u v ..c '-...c Q) .... .... Q) ...... L.. "' 0 .c 0 ltla. ~ a. 5 ~ 0 ~ ~ u ..c Ill ..c u .... "'~-., -Ill OJ Q) Ol ru 111 e L.. '-E cu ro o ro U'I...JVll:....J .... .... ., "' "' ..r:::. ...... .x. ...... ..c ... c: "' c ...... o l1l ru ru o ~ ~ ~ C. '-L C ltl 0 '0 "' .£. a.. IV a. ..C: ....§ ~ .~ ...... .,..J 0 ... C Ill IV C ro 11'1...., 'ro ~ ~ ~ s~ 0 E 0 Q. QJ IV 0. E111-E·-!::: l1l ~ ·11'1 ·l1J ·flU 11'1-E-L ., "' 0....J<(V'Ict::J: TASK I 2 3 4 5 Ill 2 3 4 5 193. Give Boy Scout firemanship tests. .t> '--.] 194. Receive citizen complaints. 195. Give directions to persons who are lost. 1~. Register voters. ;~;. Collect funds for United Way and other special campaigns. ;:t:'"0 '"0 trj z t:l ....... X 0 kiPRESENTING THE DEPARTMENT AND GIVING DEMONSTRATIONS AT CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND OTH~ PUaLIC 198. Explain fire prevention methods and common fire hazards. 199. Demonstrate and explain fire equipment and techniques, and fireflghting duties. 200. Give first aid demonstrations. OR PRIVATE ASSEMBLIES * * 0 0 :I ....... ..... :I c (1) 0.. 201. Make nonemergency courtesy calls (free children locked In invalids who have fa I len from beds or wheelchairs, etc.) rooms, clean up water from burst pipes, assist * DEALING WITH SPECTATORS AND VICTIMS AT EMERGENCY SCENES 202. Control spectators using restraining rope, sawhorses, or other barriers. 203. Direct traffic at fire scenes 204. Calm distraught victims, relatives, and spectators at emergency scenes. * *Refers to top 120 tasks identified Ly PDI in its analysis. Appendix D Task Statements Ordered from Highest to Lowest Importance Rating for the Dietrict of Columbia Fire Department PDI City Size8 DCFD L M s PDI Task Statement Number 41 Position ventilation fans to sa"fely inject fresh air 5.0 3.8 4.0 3.7 and exhaust heat, smoke, and gases. 5.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 60 Prime pump. 63 Maneuver, raise, spot, hold, bridge, and lower straight 5.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 ladders, extension ladders, roof ladders, pole ladders, attic ladders, and A-frame ladders. 64 Climb, work from, and descend ladders carrying people 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.0 or equipment, and using appropriate safety equipment or procedure. 66 Elevate, rotate, and extend aerial ladder bed and fly 5.0 4.2 4.0 3.9 sections for supported or unsupported operation. 70 Don and operate portable breathing equipment. 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.6 72 Operate hose lines with stream or fog nozzles and with 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 master appliances. 135 Administer closed chest cardiac compression to victim 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.7 of heart failure. 9 Clean, dry, inspect, and replenish oxygen or compressed 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 air tanks. 34 Observe fire and smoke conditions and locate fire sourc~ 4.8 4.3 4.1 4.2 37 Make forced entries into grounds or buildings by climb 4.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 ing walls and fences; cutting locks, chains, hasps, and bolts to gain entry to locked areas; and breaking or cutting doors, windows, walls, or roofs using hand and power tools. 40 Create ventilation openings by opening or forcing doors 4.8 4.2 4.1 3.8 and windows using minimum necessary force and by cutting or breaking walls and roofs. 61 Operate throttle and relief valve or pressure regulator 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.3 and monitor temperature, pressure, vacuum, and tachometer gauges to provide necessary volume and pressure. 62 Compute necessary engine pressure, given hose lay, 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.0 using established procedures, printed charts, or mathei!latics. a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national. eample. 49 Appendix D (Continued) PDI City Sizea DCFD L M s Number PDI Task Statement 106 Locate hidden fires by seeing, feeling or smelling fire, 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.1 and expose fires by opening walls, ceilings, floors, furniture, etc. 121 Carry or assist conscious, unconscious, or deceased 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 victims down ladder or stairs using drags, slings, cot~, scoops, chairs, stretchers, or improvised equipment. 124 Remove trapped victims using aerial ladder or elevating 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.3 platform apparatus. 125 Remove energized electrical wire from contact with vic-4.8 4.3 4.6 4.3 tim using hot line cutters or pike pole, and protective clothing. 186 Receive and follow orders and instructions from officer 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.5 at fire scene under conditions of stress, noise, and confusion. I 42 Catch hydrant to lay hose line from hydrant to scene of 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.0 fire, or secure hose line at scene of fire for reverse lay. 44 Carry or drag charged or empty hose lines to fire scene 4.6 4.0 3.8 3.7 and up stairs or ladders. 120 Cut or pry open vehicles, machinery, etc., to free per-4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 sons trapped or pinned inside, using extricator, K-12 saw, pry bars, come-along, or pneumatic cutting tool. 123 Hoist or lower victim using rop~ and tying knots. 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.0 128 Provide emergency first aid treatment to victims in ap-4.6 4.2 4.4 4.0 paratus while en route to hospital. 134 Treat range of injuries using advanced first aid and 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.4 emergency care techniques (EMT). 161 Participate in department academy prior to service. 4.6 4.2 3.9 4.1 122 Remove victims using life guns, lines, and bel~s. 4.5 4.0 4.2 3.7 184 ~elay orders from officers to other firefighters. 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 24 ~tand watch to receive emergency calls from dispatcher 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.8 ~ver audio alarm system, and record and notify company officers of location and nature of emergency. a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 50 Appendix D (Continued) PDICity Size8 Number PD! Task Statement DCFD L M S 26 Select shortest available route, using knowledge of 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.1streets and information regarding temporary obstructions, repairs, etc. 35 Notify officer in charge and others of new information 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3on conditions. 56 Supply or supplement standpipe of sprinkler system. 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.7 58 Operate engine booster tank. 4.4 4.0 4.1 3.9 ~7 Operate snorkel or elevating platform from ground con-4.4. 4.1 4.0 4.0trols or platform controls. 68 Mount and/or operate master stream appliances from aer-4.4 4.0 3o9 3.5ial ladder, shorkel, or elevating platform 73 Operate hose lines with foam generato·rs and proportion-4.4 3.6 3.5 3.4ers. 76 Locate and operate shut-off valves for gas, electricity, 4.4 3.7 3.8 3.6oil, and water. 131 Check pulse and respiration of victims to determine 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.3whether circulation and respiration are functional. 53 Make and unmake hose connections to water sources (hy-4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9drants, standpipes) to pumps, to nozzles and appliances,and to other hose sections. 57 Tap standpipe or sprinkler system as water source. 4.2 3.4 3.2 3.2 59 Draft water from impounded supply using hard suction 4.2 3.1 3.2 3.0hose. 65 Stabilize apparatus using wheel chocks, stabilizing pads 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.9and stabilizing jacks or outriggers. 71 Operate any class of fire extinguishers. 4.2 3. 7 3.6 3.6 83 Identify and remove or protect flammable or hazardous 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.0 materials at fire scene. 100 Operate portable generator to produce electrical power. 4.2 3.3 3.6 3.1 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national. sample. Sl Appendix D (Continued) PDI City Sizea Numb~r PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 118 Move heavy objects or materials free trapped victims or bodies. to gain access to or to 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 127 Carry victims to ambulance, coronary unit, or emergency vehicles to assist emergency medical nel. other person 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.7 132 Inspect victim for poisoning. evidence of arterial bleeding or 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.5 23 Perform as dispatcher to receive telephone or still box alarm from public, and inform appropriate companies of location and nature of emergency. 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.4 29 Maneuver apparatus at scene of emergency to occupy best firefighting position and to avoid interfering with other companies. 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.0 50 Prepare single or multiline lays using appliances such as wyes, siamese adaptors, and four-way connections. 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 54 Operate hydrant, using hydrant wrench. 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.7 79 Operate attic and cellar pipes. 4.0 3.1 2.9 3.0 81 Identify and using direct saturate or screen potential exposures, or fog streams or water curtains. 4.0 4.3 4.1 3.9 97 Use cutting tools (pickhead and fisthead axe, roof ter, wire and bolt cutters, suger, cutting torch). cut 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.1 98 Use pulling and prying tools wrecking bar). (pike pole, plaster hook, 4.0 3.3 3.3 2.9 119 Locate and dig to free victims trapped or tunnels, pipes, sewers, excavations, etc. unconscious ir 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.3 130 Drive emergency vehicle to transport injured hospital or other medical facility. person~ to 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.7 133 Inspect scene of poisoning mine nature of poison, and ment procedure. or drug overdose to deteridentify antidote or treat 4.0 4.4 3.9 4.3 168 Plan and make ment. training preparations within the depart 4.0 3.1 2.9 3.0 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 52 Appendix D (Continued) PDI City Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L ~ S 3 Check levels of fuel, oil, fluid, booster tank water, as needed. transmission fluid, radiator battery fluid, etc., and fill 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.1 8 Clean, dry, inspect, and properly secure firefighting and salvage equipment assigned to apparatus (ladders, hand tools, portable breathing equipment, ropes and tackle, ventilation fans, salvage covers and runners; hose appliances, nozzles, and extra hose couplings; leather straps and belts; coat, hat, and boots; etc.). 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 25 Receive and record additional information from dispatcher, and advise dispatcher and oth.er companies of nature and status of emergencies, using two-way radio or other conununications devices. 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.7 27 Drive apparatus according to state and local regula.;tions governing operation of emergency vehicles. 3.8 4.0 4.3 3.9 43 Roll or fold.hose sections for carrying. 3.8 2.8 2.9 2.5 45 Hoist hose section using rope and hose roller. 3.8 3.1 3.0 2.9 49 Manipulate hard suction line. 3.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 74 Insert portable sprinkler heads through roofs of buildings to extinguish attic or loft fires. 3.8 3.3 3.0 3.0 86 Hoist and lower objects using rope, and tackles. knots, or blocks 3.8 2.9 2.8 3.0 87 Pile furniture, clothing, and other valuables, and cover piled property, walls, floors, and stairways with salvage covers, tarps, and floor runners. 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.5 96 Use striking tools ram). (sledge, hanunerhead pick, battering 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 101 Operate power chain saws). saws (circular, K-12, reciprocating, 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.3 109 Restore sprinkler system to service. 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.0 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI nationa1 ..mp le. 53 Appendix D (Continued) PDI City Size8 Number 151 153 157 163 164 185 75 105 167 183 187 80 152 1 PDI Task Statement Inspect storage of hazardous and flammable materials and recommend corrections for uns~fe practices. Inspect standpipes and sprinkler systems; fire extinguishers and preconnected fire hoses; fire escapes; ladders, and stairways; and detectijn and fire alarm systems in commercial buildings,' an-:l -:ecommend corrections for unsafe practices. Preplan fires in industrial and commercial buildings to provide information regarding location of hydrants and standpipes, building layout, hazardous material storage, occupancy patterns, and structural information Attend periodic in-service drills and evolutions. Attend daily or periodic training sessions in station. Attend roll call and receive and follow orders, instcuc tions, and information regarding work to be done. Operate installed sprinkler systems. Replace burst hose sections, using hose clamp and new hose sections. Critically evaluate company, station, or department performance following fires. Interact informally with other members of shift for prolonged periods, under conditions of monotony and of extreme stress. Formally direct and supervise firefighters at fire scene or other emergencies. Extinguish waterfront fires using fire boat with oortable pump, suction hose lines, and fire lines and noz zles. Inspect heating, cooling, ventilating, and electrical systems for proper operation. Start apparatus to check engine and pump, ladder, or other systems for proper operation. DCFD L M S 3.8 3.6 3.1 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.9 ~ 3.8 4.0 ~.0 4.C 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.5 3. 7 3.3 3.8 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.7 4.2 2.9 5.0 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.4 4.2 4.2 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national temple. 54 Appendix D (Continued) PDI City Size8 Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 28 Operate siren, lights, and other warning devices. 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.8 84 Coil and throw rope, and tie knots (bowline and variations, square knot, becket or sheet bend, clove hitch, timber hitch, chimney hitch). 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.2 108 Tear down or shore up weak and dangerous structural components (floors, roofs, overhangs, cornices, etc.) 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 136 Rescue boats. drowning persons using poles, ropes, buoys, 137 Rescue drowning persons by swiiTUTling and using appropri-, ate lifesaving carries. 3.6 4.5 ''•1 4.0 138 Remove persons stranded by water suing rescue boat, trailer, motor, rope, life jacket, oars, and anchor. 3.6 3. 7 4.0 3. 7 150 Inspect standpipes and sprinkler systems; fire estinguishers and preconnected fire hoses; fire escapes; ladders, and stairways; and detection and fire alarm systems in commercial buildings, and recommend corrections for unsafe practices. 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 156 Preplan fires in residential areas to provide information regarding hydrant locations, exposures, type of occupancy, and areas of high life or monetary loss risk. 3.6 4.0 3.8 3.8 166 Read and study firefighting training materials individual basis. on an 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 103 Use hoistering tools (jack, block and tackle, A-frame. 3.4 2.5 3.0 2.6 Ill Locate and identify equipment used, using check list or knowledge of equipment and storage locations, and replace equipment on apparatus. 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 113 Recognize and preserve evidence of arson. 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.8 189 Informally supervise and oversee experienced firefighters. activities of less 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 204 Calm distraught victims, relatives, emergency scenes. and spectators at 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 165 Participate in physical development workouts. 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments ,in the PDI national •ample. 55 Appendix D (Continued) FDI City Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 160 Inspect fire exits to ensure that exits are clearly marked and operate properly, and that exits and aisles are kept clear of spectators and obstructions. 3.3 3.6 4.0 3.5 169 Oversee and informally train new recrYits on the job. 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.4 198 Explain fire prevention methods and common fire hazards 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.6 7 Clean, dry, inspect, and properly secure rescue equipment such as K-12 saws, spreaders, pneumatic air drill, etc. 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.5 ll Wash, dry, inspect, futurP. use. and rack hoses and couplings for 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.4 91 Remove water from floors using broom, bucket, or water vacuum. squeegee, mop and 3.2 2.9 3.2 2.9 107 Remove fire debris after fire is extinguished using shovel, mop and bucket, broom, and squeegee. 3.2 2.8 3.3 2.9 6 Clean, dry, inspect, and properly secure stretchers, litters, and resuscitator equipment, and replace used first aid supplies and equipment. 3.0 3.7 3.9 3.6 10 Clean, inspect, refuel, and properly secure engine powered equipment such as chain saws, nonmounted portable generators, etc. 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.5 14 Inspect street fire alarm boxes (still boxes) turn boxes to service after use. and re 3.0 3.1 2.6 3.2 19 Drain hydrants after use. 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.7 22 Clean and inspect emergency station power generator fuel and lubrication, and perform periodic test. for 3.0 3.1 3.5 3.1 30 Speak or signal to driver of apparatus to maneuvering apparatus in close clearance. assist in• 3.0 3.7 3.8 3.4 31 Place wheel chocks around rear atus from rolling when parked. wheels to prevent appar 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.2 36 Make recommendations to officers regarding appropriate .equipment and procedures (e.g., appropriate extingui5hing agents and nozzles, number of hose lines), (cont.) 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 56 Appendix D (Continued) PDI City Size8 Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L s (cont.) positioning equipment, ventilation openings, escape routes, etc~ and requesting additional or releasing unnecessary equipment•or apparatus. 38 Breach concrete, ram. brick, or block walls using sledge or 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 52 Pull booster hose scene. from booster reel and advance to fire 3.0 3.8 3.9 3.6 89 104 Carry burning mattresses and furniture from buildings to reduce fire and smoke damage to building and contents. Perform temporary repairs using tape, wire, rope, etc., and improvising with other tools and equipment. 3.0 3.0 3.7 2.5 3.5 2.S 3.4 2.• 4 154 Conduct and time fire drills in schools and businesses. 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.6 158 Drive apparatus through district and communicate with city maintenance department, utility companies, to obtain information regarding street construction, temporary traffic restrictions, etc. 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.0 175 Record equipment and pair or replacement. apparatus missing or needing re 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.4 \ 180 Maintain adequate quantities of station maintenance and office supplies, expendable firefighting and first aid supplies, and equipment and apparatus fuels, cleaning, and maintenance supplies. 3.0 2.5 2.9 3.0 182 Speak with firefighters on other shifts to receive formation regarding previous day's activities. in 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.3 199 Demonstrate and explain fire equipment and and firefighting duties. techniques, 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.1 2 Clean, wax, and polish fire apparatus and remove dirt, mud, grease, oil and soot, to maintain appearance and inspect for damage. 2.8 2.9 3.7 3.7 5 Clean, test, generators. inspect, and refuel mounted electrical 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.2 51 Inspect charged hose line and remove slack, and tighten loose coupling. kinks, take up 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.1 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national ..mple. 57 Appendix D (Continued) PDI City Size8 Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M s 88 Carry undamaged furniture from burning buildings vent smoke, fire, and water damage to furniture. to pre 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.1 92 Remove water from cellar pump or siphon. or basement using ~ortable 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.2 llO Secure windows and doors with nails, harps, and locks, and cover openings with wood or reinforced plastic sheet to protect building and contents from weather, and to prevent theft and vandalism. 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 144 Lock station doors and windows, and secure items from theft, vandalism, and damage at valuable the station. 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 195 Give directions to persons who are lost. 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.5 201 Make nonemergency courtesy calls (free children locked in rooms, clean up water from burst pipes, assist in~ valids who have fallen from beds or wheelchairs, etc.) 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.1 114 Observe spectators for suspicious behavior. 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.2 115 Gather evidence at scene officer or investigator. of fire under supervision of 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.5 116 Guard premises where tigation. arson is suspected, pending inves 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.4 188 Formally direct and s~pervise firefighters during emergency activities. non 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.7 200 Give first aid demonstrations. 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.4 90 Cut and or bore holes ladder chutes in ceiling or walls to drain water from and make· stair floors. 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.9 94 Wedge or guished. clamp sprinkler heads after fire is extin 2.6 3.3 3.5 3.1 ll2 Drive apparatus from fire scene to station. 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.7 117 Testify in court regarding evidence discovered scene. at fire 2.6 3.4 3.7 3.3 162 Attend formal fire the department. science technology courses outside 2.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 58 Appendix D (Continued) PDICity Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD 1. M s 173 Record entries in daily log. 2..7 2.6 2.9 2.6 190 Conduct fire station tours and explain apparatus and 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.7 equipment. 192 Answer telephone and give information to callers. 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.8 141 Participate in flood control efforts. 2.5 3.1 3.2 2.9 4 Perform periodic test of pumping capacity and pressure 2.4 3.8 3.6 3.8or of aerial ladder structural strength. 13 Speak with dispatcher over two-way radio, or audio or 2.4 3.4 3.4 3.0other alarm systems to test equipment. 95 Observe bystanders to protect salvaged property from 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.0theft, and give any personal property found to officer. 99 Use digging tools (shovel, pick). 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 177 Prepare preplanning reports and draw preplanning maps 2.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 and diagrams. 102 Operate powered boring and rilling tools (power drills, 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.7pneumatic cutting tools). 202 Control spectators using restraining rope, sawhorses, or 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.5other barriers. 203 Direct traffic at fire scenes. 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.5 78 Operate portable, hand operated pump to extinguish 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.3grass or shrub fires. 174 Record results of alarm, radio, apparatus and equip2.3 2.9 2.8 2.6ment tests. 12 Perform periodic pressure test on hose sections. 2.0 3.3 3.6 3.6 15 Cut weeds and remove obstructions to hydrants. 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.3 55 Operate roof water tower or elevated tank as water 2.0 3.1 3.2 3.2source. 77 Beat grass fires with broom, paddle, or shovel. 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.3 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in.the PDI national aample. 59 Appendix D (Continued) PDI City Sizea Number PDl Task Statement DCFD L M s 82 Create back fires to stoo spread of grass fires. 2.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 85 Make splices. 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.0 143 Buy food, prepare meals for firefighters at station, 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.9 and wash dishes, cooking utensils, and dining area fol lowing meals in station. 145 Inspect roofing, plumbing, glazing, heating equipment, 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 etc. 176 Prepare inspection reports. 2.0 2.9 2.8 3.1 178 Draft or compose correspondence. 2.0 2.1 2.3 ].9 181 Maintain and update station library. 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.4 191 Inspect bicycles, issue tags, and collect bicycle li 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.7 cense fees. 193 Give Boy Scout firemanship tests. 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 194 Receive citizen complaints. 2.0 2.7 2.8 2.7 18 Test hydrant pressure. 1.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 142 Straighten up quarters and clean floors, walls, etc. 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.1 179 Type officers' correspondence. 1.8 1.7 2.2 1.6 197 Collect funds for United Way and other special cam 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.8 paigns. 171 Prepare fire reports. 1.8 2.9 3.1 2.6 172 Prepare periodic emergency run and activity reports 1.8 2.7 2.9 2.6 and surmnaries. 159 Enforce public smoking regulations. 1.7 2.7 3.1 2.3 148 Cut grass, shovel show, clean sidewalks, display colors 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 maintain flower beds. 140 Recover drowned victims from beneath surface of water 1.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 ~sing boat and dragging hooks. a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 60 Appendix D (Continued) PDICity Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 17 Flush hydrants periodically td remove rust and sedi1.0 3.0 2.6 2.5ment. 46. Operate hose clamp. 1.0 3.4 3.3 3.3 47 Operate hose bridge. 1.0 2.4 2.5 2.3 146 Repair roofing, plumbing, glazing, heating equipment, 1.0 1.7 2.0 1.9etc. 147 Construct walls, partitions, ceilings. 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 16 Paint hydrants. 0. 2.0 2.5 l.7 20 Inspect and lubricate hydrant threads. 0. 2.9 2.5 .2.3 21 Clean, inspect, service Jet Axe and other explosive 0. 2.8 3.3 2.4 devices. 32 Drive apparatus while pumping water through fire hose 0. 2.6 2. 7 3.1to cover wider area when fighting grass fires. 33 Operate fire/rescue boat at scene of waterfront fires. 0. 3.0 3.3 3.0 39 Breach concrete, brick, or bJ.ock walls and reinforced 0. 2.9 2. 7 2.4doors using Jet Axe or other explosive device. 48 Operate hose jacket. 0. 2.5 2.7 2.8 69 Operate elevating master device (Squirt). 0. 3.5 3.5 3.6 93 Operate fogging machine to deodorize smoke-damaged Q, 2.0 2.3 2.1 property. 126 Operate life net. 0. 3.4 3.6 3.5 129 Provide paramedical treatment to victims in apparatus 0. 4.4 4.5 3.1while en route to hospital, using UHF transmitter, and following treatment advised by doctor on call. 139 Recover drowned victims by diving ben~ath surface of C. 3.1 3.3 2.7water using boat, scuba tanks with regulator, and otherdiving gear. 149 ~onstruct sidewalks, ramps, retaining walls, etc. 0. 1.2 1.3 1.4 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 61 Appendix D (Continued) PDICity Size8 Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M s 155 Inspect sites and issue burning permits. o. 2.1 2.9 2.7 ·' 170 Train volunteer fire departments, industrial fire con-o. 2.6 2.9 2.8 trol teams, etc., in firefighting or first aid techniques. 196 Register voters. o. 1.8 2.0 2.4 r· / L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 62 Appendix E Task Statements Ordered from Highest to Lowest Time Spent Rating for the District of Columbia Fire Department PDICity Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 8 Clean, dry, inspect, and properly secure firefighting 4.2 2.9 2.9 2.9and salvage equipment assigned to apparatus (ladders,hand tools, portable breathing equipment, ropes andtackle, ventilation fans, salvage covers and runners;hose appliances, nozzles, and extra hose couplings;leather straps and belts; coat, hat, and boots; etc.). 142 Straighten up quarters and clean floors, walls, etc. 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.8 24 Stand watch to receive emergency calls from dispatcher 3.8 3.3 2.1 2.1over audio alarm system, and record and notify companyofficers of location and nature of emergency. 70 Don and operate portable breathing equipment. 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 72 Operate hose lines with stream or fog nozzles and with 3.8 3.0 2.8 2.6 master appliances. 107 Remove fire debris after fire is extinguished using 3.8 3.1 3.4 3.0shovel, mop and bucket, broom, and squeegee. 164 Attend daily or periodic training sessions in station. 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.3 183 Interact informally with other members of shift for 3.1 2.4 2.8prolonged periods, under conditions of monotony and of 3.8 extreme stress. 40 Create ventilation openings by opening or forcing doors 3.6 2.5 2.3 2.4and windows using minimum necessary force and by cutting or breaking walls and roofs. 41 Position ventilation fans to safely inject fresh air 3.6 2.5 2.5 2.7and exhaust heat, smoke, and gases. 42 Catch hydrant to lay hose line from hydrant to scene of 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.4fire, or secure hose line at scene of fire for reverse lay. 111 Locate and identify equipment used, using check list 3.6 2.6 2.7 2.6or knowledge of equipment and storage locations, andreplace equipment of apparatus. 9 Clean, dry, inspect, and replenish oxygen or compressed 3.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 ·air tanks. a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 63 Appendix E (Continued) PDICity Sizea DCFD L M S Number PDI Task Statement 44 Carry and drag charged or empty hose lines to fire 3.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 scene and up stairs or ladders. 61 Operate throttle and relief valve or pressure regulator 3.4 2.3 2.7 2.2 and monitor temperature, pressure, vacuum, and tacho meter gauges to provide necessary volume and pressure. 62 Compute necessary engine pressure, given hose lay, 3.4 2.2 2.6 2.0 using established procedures, printed charts, or mathematics. 112 Drive apparatus from fire scene to station. 3.4 2.2 2.5 1.9 43 Roll or fold hose sections for carrying. 3.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.0 2.4 63 Maneuver, raise, spot, hold, bridge, and lower straight 3.2 ladders, extension ladders, roof ladders, pole ladders, attic ladders, and A-frame ladders. 91 Remove water from floors using broom, squeegee, mop and 3.2 2.6 3.0 2.5 bucket, or water vacuum. 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.1 98 Use pulling and prying tools (pike pole, plaster hook, wrecking bar). 3.0 3.1 2.6 143 Buy food, prepare meals for firefighters at station, 3.2 and wash dishes, cooking utensils, and dining area fol lowing meals in station. 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.0 161 Participate in department academy prior to service. 2.9 2.8 2.6 186 Receive and follow orders and instructions from officer 3.2 at fire scene under conditions of stress, noise, and confusion. 2.5 2.5 2.5 58 Operate engine booster tank. 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.0 64 Climb, work from, and descend ladders carrying people 3.0 or equipment, and using appropriate safety equipment or procedures. 76 Locate and operate shut-off valves for gas, electricity 3.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 .oil, and water. Z.4 2.3 2.1 100 Operate portable generator to produce electrical power. 3.0 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 64 Appendix E (Continued) PDICity Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M s 106 Locate hidden fires by seeing, feeling or smelling fire 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.8and expose fires by opening walls, ceilings, floors,furniture, etc. 110 Secure windows and doors with nails, hasps, and locks, 3.0 2.1 2.3 1.9and cover openings with wood or reinforced plasticsheet to protect building and contents from weather,and to prevent theft and vandalism. 163 Attend periodic in-service drills and evolutions. 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.0 2 Clean, wash, and polish fire apparatus and remove dirt, 2.8. 3.0 3.1 2.7 mud, grease, oil, and soot, to maintain appearance and inspect for damage. 11 Wash, dry inspect, and rack hoses and couplings for 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.Efuture use. 53 Make and unmake ho;;e connections to water sources (hy-2.8 2.6 2.4 2.5drants, standpipes), to pumps, to nozzles and appliances, and to other hose sections. 57 Tap standpipe or sprinkler system as water source. 2.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 66 Elevate, rotate, and extend aerial ladder bed and fly 2.0 2.8 2.2 l.7sections for supported or unsupported operation. 84 Coil and throw rope, and tie knots (bowline and varia-2.8 2.2 2.1 2.0tions, square knot, becket or sheet bend, clove hitch,timber hitch, chimney hitch). 144 Lock station doors and windows, and secure valuable 2.8 2.0 2.4 2.0 items from theft, vandalism and damage at the station. 184 Relay orders from officers to other firefighters. • 2.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 5 Clean, test, inspect, and refuel mounted electrical 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 generator&. 7 Clean, dry, inspect, and properly secure rescue equip 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.9ment such as K-12 saws, spreaders, pneumatic air drill,etc. 26 Select shortest available route, using knowledge of 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.2 streets, and information regarding temporary obstruc tions, repairs, etc. a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 65 Appendix E (Continued) PDI City Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 27 Drive apparatus according to tions of emergency vehicles. state and local regula 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.3 30 Speak or signal to driver of apparatus to maneuvering apparat1.1s in close clearance. assist in 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.0 34 Observe fire and smoke conditions and locate fire i.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 source. 56 Supply or supplement standpipe or sprinkler system. 2.6 1.7 1.7 1.4 60 Prime ~ump. 2.6 1.6 2.0 1. 7 Stabilize apparatus using wheel chocks, stabilizing pads, and stabilizing jacks or outriggers. :?..6 2.1 2. 3 1.6 87 Pile furniture, clothing, and other valuables, and cover piled property, walls, floors, and stairways with salvage covers, tar?s, and floor runners. :.6 2.6 2.7 2.2 97 Use cutting tools (pickhead and flathead axe, roof cutters, wire and bolt cutters, suger, cutting torch). 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.9 156 Preplan fires in residential areas to provide information regarding hydrant locations, exposures, type of occupancy, and areas of high life or monetary loss risk. 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.5 1 Start apparatus to check engine and pump, other systems for proper operation. ladder, or 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 6 Clean, dry, inspect, and properly secure stretchers, litters, and resuscitator equipment, and replace used first aid supplies and equipment. 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.5 28 Operate siren, lights, and other warning devices. 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 29 Maneuver apparatus at scene of emergency to occupy best firefighting position and to avoid interfering with other companies. 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 35 Notify officer in charge and others of on conditions. new information 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.2 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 66 Appendix E (Continued) PDICity Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 37 Make forced entries into grounds or buildings by 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1climbing walls and fences; cutting locks, chains, haspsand bolts to gain entry to locked areas; and breakingor cutting doors, windows, walls, or roofs using handand power tools. 54 Operate hydrant, using hydrant wrench. 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 89 Carry burning mattresses and furniture from buildings 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.3to reduce fire and smoke damage to building and contents. 127 Carry victims to ambulance, coronary unit, or other 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.8emergen~y vehicles to assist emergency medical personnel. 148 Cut grass 1 sh0vel snow, clean sidewalks, display colors 2.4 2.5 2.7 -2.5maintain flower beds. 153 Inspect standpipes and sprinkler systems; fire exting-2.4 3.0 2.5 2.5uishers and preconnected fire hoses; fire escapes; ladders, and stairways; and detection and fire alarmsystems in commercial buildings, and recommend corrections for unsafe practices. 166 Read and study firefighting training materials on an 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.3individual basis. 173 Record entries in daily log. 2.4 2.2 1.8 2.0 185 Attend roll call and receive and follow orders, instruc 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.2tions, and information regarding work to be done. 192 Answer telephone and give information to callers. 2.4 2.1 1.9 2.4 152 Inspect heating, cooling, ventilating, and electrical 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.4systems in commercial buildings and refer unsafe practices to building inspector. 3 Check levels of fuel, oil, transmission fluid, radia-2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6tor fluid, booster tank water, battery fluid, etc.,and fill as needed. 10 Clean, inspect, refuel, and properly secure engine 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0powered equipment such as chain saws, nonmounted port'able generators, etc. a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 67 Appendix E (Continued) PDI City Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 67 Operate snorkel or elevating pla:form from trols or platform controls. ground con 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 68 Mount and/or operate master stream appliances from aerial ladder, snorkel, or elevating platform. 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 71 Operate any class of fire extinguishers. 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.2 86 Hoist and lower objects using rope, and tackles. knots, or blocks 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 _J 88 Carry undamaged furniture from burning buildings to prevent e.moke, fire, and water damage to furniture. 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.8 92 Remove water from cellar or pump or siphon. basement using portable 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 99 Use digging tools (shovel, pick). 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.4 108 Tear down or shore up weak and dangerous structural components (floors, roofs, overhangs, cornices, etc.) 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.6 113 Recognize and preserve evidence of arson. 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 120 Cut or pry open vehicles, machinery, etc., to free per-1.8 sons trapped or pinned inside, using extricator, K-12. saw, pry bars, come-along, or pneumatic cutting tool. 2.0 1.9 1.9 121 Carry or assist conscious, unconscious, or deceased victims down ladder or stairs using drags, slings, cots scoops, chairs, stretchers, or improvised equipment. 1.8 1.9 1. 7 1.5 131 Check pulse and respiration of victim to determine whether circulation and respiration are functional. 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.0 134 Treat range of emergency care injuries using advanced first aid and techniques (EMT). 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.0 150 Inspect wiring and heating systems, basements and attics of residences, and make recommendations for eliminating fire safety hazards, or refer hazards to building inspector. 1.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 162 Attend formal fire science technology courses outside ·the department. 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.2 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 68 Appendix E (Continued) PDICity Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 51 Inspect charged hose line and remove kinks, take up 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2slack, and tighten leaking couplings. 191 Inspect bicycles, issue tags, and collect bicycle 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.6license fees. 195 Give directions to persons who are lost. 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.9 13 Speak with dispat·cher over two-way radio, or audio or 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.9other alarm systems to test equipment. ·19 Drain hydrants after use. 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.6 22 Clean and inspect emergency station power generator for 2.0 1.6 1.3, 1.6 fuel and lubrication, and perform periodic te~t. 31 Place wheel chocks around rear wheels to prevent appar 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.6atus from rolling when parked. 75 Operate installed sprinkler systems. 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.2 96 Use striking tools (sledge, hammerhead pick, battering 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.6ram). 101 Operate power saws (circular, K-12, reciprocating, 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.6chain saws). 118 Move heavy objects or materials to gain access to or tc 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7free trapped victims or bodies. 124 Remove trapped victims using aerial ladder or eleva-2.0 1.6 1.5 1.3ting platform apparatus. 157 Preplan fires in industrial and commercial buildings 2.0 2.9 2.2 2.8to provide information regarding location of hydrantsand standpipes, building layout, hazardous materialstorage, occupancy pattern, and structural information 167 . Critically evaluate company, station, or department 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1performarice following fires. 182 Speak with firefighters on other tihifts to receive in-2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1formation regarding previous day's activities. 52 · Pull booster hose from booster reel and advance to 1.8 2.6 2.8 2.9fire scene. a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size national aample. fire departments in the PDI 69 Appendix E (Continued) PDI City Sizea L M s PDI Task Statement DCFD Number 201 Make nonemergency courtesy c~lls (free cLildren locked 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.9 in rooms, clean up water from burst pipes, assist invalids who have fallen from beds or wheelchairs, etc.). 36 Make recommendations to officers regarding appropriate 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.8 equipment and procedures (e.g., appropriate extinguishing agents and nozzles, number of hose lines), positioning equjpment, ventilation openings, escape routes, etc; and requesting additional or releasing unnecessary equipment or apparatus. 105 Replace burst hose sections, using hose clamp and new 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 hose sections. Inspect roofing, plumbing, glazing, heating equipment, 1.8 :'..8 1.5 145 etc. Perform periodic test of pumping capGcity and pressure 1.5 1. 7 l.L, 1.5 4 or of aerial ladder structural strength. 95 Observe bystanders to protect salvaged property from 1.6 1.6 l.7 1.7 theft, and give any personal property fou!".d to officer. 103 Use hoisting and lifting tools (jack, block and tackle, 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.2 A-frame). 109 Restore sprinkler system to service. 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.9 128 Provide emergency first aid treatment to victims in apparatus while en route to hospi.tal. 1.6 1. 7 2.0 1.6 130 Drive emergency vehicle to transport injured persons to hospital or other medical facility. 1.6 2.7 2.4 2.4 151 Inspect storage of hazardous and flammable materials and recommend corrections for undage practices. 190 Conduct fire station tours and explain apparatus and 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.2 equipment. 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 197 Collect funds for United Way and other special cam paigns. 1.6 1.6 1.8 1. 7 204 .Calm distraught victims, relatives, and sp~ctators at emergency scenes. a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 70 Appendix E (Continued) PDI City Sizea [;Imber PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 1 114 Observe spectators for suspicious behavior. 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.S ll5 Gather evidence at scene officer or investigator. of fire under supervision of 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 116 Guard premises where tigation. arson is suspected, pending inves-1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 169 Oversee and informally train new recruits on the job. 1.5 2.0 2.3 1.9 172 Prepare periodic emergency and summaries. run and activity reports 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 174 Record results of alarm, radio, tests. apparatus and equipment 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.7 175 Record equipment and pair or replacement. apparatus missing or needing re 1.5 1.9 1.8 2.J 25 Receive and record additional information from dispatcher, and advise dispatcher and other companies of nature and status of emergencies, using two-way radio or other communications devices. 1.4 2.1 1.8 1.7 45 Hoist hose sections using rope and hose roller. 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 50 Prepare single or multiline lays using appliances such as wyes, siamese adaptors, and four-way connections. 1.4 2.0 2.3 2.0 74 Insert portable sprinkler heads through roofs of build-1.4 ings to extinguish attic or loft fires. 1.3 1.6 1.1 81 Identify and using direct saturate or screen potential exposures, or fog streams or water curtains. 1.4 2.3 2.1 1.9 90 Cut and or bore holes ladder chutes in ceiling or walls to drain water from and make floors. stair 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 133 Inspect scene of poisoning mine nature of poison, and ment procedure. or drug overdose to deteridentify antidote or treat 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.9 135 Administer closed chest of heart failure. ~rdiac compression to victims 1.4 1.8 2.1 1.8 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 71 Appendix E (Continued) PDI City Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 158 Drive apparatus through district and communicate with city maintenance department, utility companies, etc., to obtain information regarding street construction, temporary traffic restrictions, etc. 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.6 165 Participate in flood control efforts. 1.3 1.8 2.1 1.5 180 Maintain adequate quantities of station maintenance and office supplies, expendable firefighting and first aid supplies, and equipment and apparatus fuels, cleaning, end maintenance supplies. 1.3 1.3 2.1 1.8 77 Beat grass fires with broom, paddle, or shovel. 1. 3 1.7 1.7 1.6 79 Operate attio and cellar pipes. 1.3 1.3 1.:) 1.1 141 Participate in flood control efforts. 1.3 1.4 : .• o 1.3 160 Inspect fire exits to ensure that exits are clearly marked and operate properly, and that exits and aisles are kept clear of spectators and obstructions. 1.3 2.2 1.8 1.9• 171 Prepare fire reports. 1.3 1. 9 '1. 7 1.6 176 ~repare inspection reports. 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.9 178 Draft or compose correspondence. 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 199 Demonstrate and explain fire equipment and and firefighting duties. techniques, 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.9 12 Perform periodic pressure test on hose sections. 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 73 Operate hose ers. lines with foam generators and proportion-1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 83 Identify and materials at remove or protect flarranable fire scene. or hazardous 1.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 104 Perform temporary repairs using tape, wire, rope, and improvising with other tools and equipment. etc., 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 123 Hoist or lower victi.m& using rope and tYf.ng knots. 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 132 ·Inspect victims poisoning. for evidence of arterial bleeding or 1.2 1.7 2.3 1.9 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 72 Appendix E (Continued) PDI City Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 177 Prepare preplanning reports and draw preplanning maps and diagrams. 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.7 179 Type officers' correspondence. 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 189 Informally supervise and perienced firefighters. oversee activities of less ex 1.2 2.0 2.3 1.9 14 Inspect street fire alarm boxes (still boxes) turn boxes to service after use. and re 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.2 15 Cut weeds and remove obstructions to hydrants. 1.0 1.6 1~6 1.5 17 Flush hydrants periodically to ment. remove rust and sedi 1.0 2.3 1~5 1.6 18 Test hydrant pressure. 1.0 1.6 1.4 1. 7 23 Perform as dispatcher to receive telephone or still box alarm from public and inform appropriate companies of location and nature of emergency. 1.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 38 Breach concrete, ram. brick, or block walls suing sledge or 1.0 1.3 lo2 1.3 46 Operate hose clamp. 1.0 1. 7 1.9 1.8 47 Operate hose bridge. 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 49 Manipulate hard suction line. 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 55 Operate roof water source. tower or elevated tank as water 1~0 1.3 1.4 1.4 59 Draft water hose. from impounded supply using hard suction 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 78 Operate portable, hand operated pump grass or shrub fires. to extinguish 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 80 Extinguish waterfront fires using fire boat with porta ble pump, suction hose lines, and fire lines and nozzles. 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 82 Create back fires to ~top spread of grass fires. 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national eample. 73 Appendix E (Continued) PDI City Si ze 8 Number PDI Task Statement DCFD l M s 85 Makes splices. 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 94 Wedge or uished. clamp sprinkler heads after fire is exting 1 • 0 1.6 l.6 1:4 102 Operate powered boring and pneumatic cutting tools). drilling tools (power drills 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.4 117 Testify in court regarding evidence discovered scene. at fire 1~0 1.1 1.1 1.2 119 Locate and dig to free victims trapped or unconscious in tunnels, pipes, sewers, excavations, etc. 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.3 122 Remove victims using life guns, lines, and belts. 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 125 Remove energized electrical wire from contact with vic-1.0 tim using hot line cutters or pike pose, and protective clothing. 1.1 1.:~ i 1.1 136 Rescue boats. drowning persons using poles, ropes, buoys, 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 137 Rescue drowning persons by swimming priate lifesaving carries. and using appro 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 138 Remove persons trailer, motor stranded by water using rescue boat, rope, life jacket, oars, and anchor. 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 140 Recover drowned victims from b~neath surface of water using boat and dragging hooks. 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 146 Repair roofing, plumbing, glazing, heating equipment, etc. 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 147 Construct walls, partitions, ceilings. 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 154 Conduct and time fire drills in schools and business. 1.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 159 Enforce public smoking regulations. 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 168 Plan and make ment. training presentations within the depart-1.0 1.7 1.8 1.7 181 Maintain and update station library. 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.2 a .. L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fir~ departments in the PDI national eample. 74 Appendix E (Continued) PDICity Sizea Number PDI Task Statement DCFD L M S 187 Formally direct and supervise firefighters at fire 1.0 2.0 2.3 1.8scene or other emergencies. 188 Formally direcL and supervise firefighters during non-1.0 2.2 2.2 1.7emergency activities. 193 Give Boy Scout firemanship tests. 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 194 Receive citizen complaints. 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 198 Explain fire prevention methods and common fire hazards 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 200 Give first aid demonstrations. 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 202 Control spectators using restraining rope, sawhorses, 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 or other barriers. 203 Direct traffic at fire scenes. 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 16 Paint hydrants. o. 1.9 2.1 1.7 20 Inspect and lubricate hydrant threads. o. 1.8 1.6 1.6 21 Clean, inspect, service Jet Axe and other explosive de-0. 1.4 1.1 1.8 vices. 32 Drive apparatus while pumping water through fire hose 0. 1.4 1.0 1.9to cover wider area when fighting grass fires. 33 Operate fire/rescue boat at acene of waterfront fires. 0. 1.0 1.0 1.0 39 Breach concrete, brick, or block walls and reinforced 0. 1.1 1.5 1.4doors using Jet Axe or other explosive device. 48 Operate hose jacket. 0. 1.2 1.3 1.2 69 Operate elevating master device (Squirt). 0. 1.7 1.8 1.9 93 Operate fogging machine to deodorize smoke-damaged 0. 1. 7 2.0 1.3 property. 126 Operate life net. 0. 1.2 1.2 1.2 129 Provide paramedical treatment to victims in apparatus 0. 2.5 2.8 1.5'while en ro'.Jte to hospital 1 using UHF transmitter, andfollowing treatment advised by doctor on call. L, M, a and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 75 Appendix E (Continued) PDI City Sizea DCfD L M s Number PDI Task Statement 139 Recover drowned victims by diving beneath surface of o. 1.1 1.2 1.4 water using boat, scuba tanks with regulator, and other diving gear. 149 Construct sidewalks, ramps, retaining walls, etc. o. 1.0 1.3 1.2 155 Inspect sites and issue burning permits. o. 1.2 1.7 1.7 170 Train volunteer fire departments, industrial fire con-0. 1.3 1.7 1.5 trol teams, etc., in firefighting or first aid techniques. 196 Register voters. o. 2.1 2.2 1.4 --··--J a L, M, and S refer to the large, medium, and small size fire departments in the PDI national aample. 76 Appendix F Standard Deviations and N1 s for DCFD Importance Ratings on the PDI Task Checklist TASK NUMBER S.D. N TASK NUMBER S.D. N TASK NUMBER S.D. N TASK NUMBER S.D. N l 1.67 5 24 1.34 5 47 o. l 70 o. 5 2 1.48 5 25 1.30 5 48 o. 0 7l 0.84 5 3 1.10 5 26 1.34 5 49 1.30 5 72 o. 5 4 1.52 5 27 1.30 5 50 1.00 5 73 0.89 5 5 1.48 5 28 1.67 5 51 0.84 5 74 0.84 5 6 1.22 5 29 1.22 5 52 o. 71 5 75 0.96 4 7 1.64 5 30 1.41 5 53 0.84 5 76 0.89 5 8 1.30 5 31 1.41 5 54 1.00 5 77 1.15 4 9 0.45 5 32 o. 0 55 o. l 78 0.96 4 10 1.22 5 33 o. 0 56 0.55 5 79 0.82 4 ll 0.84 5 34 0.45 5 57 0.84 5 30 1.15 3 "' 12 1.00 5 35 0.55 5 58 0.55 5 81 1.00 5 13 1.14 5 36 1.63 4 59 1.10 5 82 1.41 2 14 1.73 3 37 0.45 5 60 o. 5 83 1.10 5 15 o. l 38 1.58 5 61 0.45 5 84• 0.55 5 16 o. 0 39 o. 0 62 0.45 5 85 1.00 3 17 o. 1 40 0.45 5 63 o. 5 86 0.84 5 18 0.84 5 41 o. 5 64 o. • 5 87 0.84 5 19 o. l 42 0.55 5 65 0.84 5 88 0~84 5 20 o. 0 43 1.30 5 66 o. 5 89 o. 71 5 21 o. 0 44 0.89 5 67 1.34 5 90 0.55 5 22 o. l 45 1.30 5 68 0.55 ·5 91 0.84 5 23 o. l 46 o. l 69 o. 0 92 0.45 5 77 Appendix F (Continued) TASK NUMBER S.D. N TASK NUMBER S.D. N . TASK NUMBER S.D. N TASK NUMBER S.D. N 93 o. 0 ll6 1.26 4 139 o. 0 162 1.14 5 94 1.14 5 ll7 1~14 5 140 1.00 4 163 0.84 5 95 1.14 5 ll8 0.84 5 141 0.58 4 164 0.84 5 96 0.45 5 ll9 1.00 5 142 0.45 5 165 0.58 3 97 o. 7l 5 120 0.55 5 143 o. 71 5 166 0.89 5 ~8 o. 7l s 121 0.45 5 144 1.10 5 167 0.96 4 99 0.89 5 122 0.58 4 145 0.82 4 168 o. l 100 0.84 5 123 0.55 5 146 o. 1 169 1.26 4 101 0.84 5 124 0.45 5 147 o. 2 170 o. 0 102 1.15 3 125 0.45 5 148 0.55 5 171 0.96 4 103 0.89 5 126 o. 0 149 o. 0 172 0.96 4 104 o. 7l .. 5 127 0.45 5 150 0.55 5 173 o.ss 5 lOS 0.96 4 128 o.ss 5 151 0.84 5 174 0.50 4 106 0.45 5 129 o. 0 152 0.58 3 175 0.82 4 107 0.45 5 130 o. 71 5 153 0.45 5 176 0.82 4 108 o.ss 5 131 o.ss 5 154 o. 1 177 0.55 5 109 1.30 5 132 0.84 5 155 o. 0 178 1.15 4 llO lll 0.45 0.55 5 5 133 134 1.00 • 0.55 5 5 156 157 0.89 D.45 5 5 179 180 1.10 1.00 5 3 112 1.14 5 135 o. 5 158 o. 3 181 1.00 3 113 0.55 5 136 1.34 5 159 0.58 3 182 o. 7l 5 114 o.so 4 137. 1.34 5 160 0.96 4 183 1.89 4 llS o.so 4 138 1.34 5 161 0.89 5 184 0.58 4 78 Appendix F (Co~ti~ued) TASK S.D. N NUMBER 185 0.84 5 186 0.45 5 187 1.89 4 188 L71 4 189 1.14 5 190 0.55 5 191 1.00 5 192 0.89 5 193 1.00 3 194 1.41 2 195 1.10 5 196 o. 0 197 0.84 5 193 0.50 4 199 o. 4 200 0.58 3 201 0.45 5 202 0.58 3 203 1.15 3 204 0.55 5 'i ' 79 Appendix G Standard Deviations and N's for DCFD Time Spent Ratings on the PDI Task Checklist TASK NUMBER l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 S.D. 0.89 1,30 1.10 1.34 1.52 1.14 1.14 0.84 o.ss 1.10 0.84 0.45 1.22 o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. N 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 l 0 l 5 1 0 0 1 1 TASK NUMBER S.D. N TASK NUMBER S.D. N TASK NUMBER S.D. N 24 0.84 5 47 o. l I 70 1.30 5 25 0.55 5 48 o. 0 7l 0.45 5 26 0.89 5 49 o. 5 72 1.30 5 27 0.55 5 so 0.55 5 73 0.45 5 28 0.55 5 51 1.10 5 74 0.89 5 29 o.ss 5 52 0.84 5 75 0.82 4 30 o.ss 5 53 0.84 5 76 1.00 5 31 o. 7l 5 54 1.14 .) 77· o.so 4 32 o. 0 55 o. 1 78 o. 4 33 o. 0 56 o.e9 5 79 0.50 4 34 0.55 5 57 0.84 5 80 o. 3 35 0.89 5 58 1.22 5 81 OoSS 5 36 0.96 4 59 o. 5 82 o. 2 37 1.14 5 60 1.82 5 83 0.45 5 38 o. 5 61 1.14 5 84 1.30 5 39 o. 0 62 1.14 5 85 o. 3 40 1.34 5 63 0.84 5 86 1.10 5 41 1.34 5 64 1.00 5 87 1.14 5 42 1.34 5 65 0.89 5 88 0.84 5 43 1.64 5 66 0.84 5 89 1.14 5 44 1.52 5 67 1.30 5 90 0.55 5 45 o.ss 5 68 1.30 5 91 1.30 5 46 o. 1 69 o. 0 92 0.84 5 81 Appendix G (Continued) TASK TASK S.D. N TASK S.D. N TASK S.D. N S.D. N NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER 139 o. 0 162 0.45 5 93 o. 0 116 0.58 4 140 o. 4 163 1.00 594 o. 5 117 o. 5 141 0.50 4 164 1.10 5 95 0.89 5 118 1.00 5 142 0.84 5 165 0.58 3 96 1.00 5 119 o. 5 143 1.10 5 166 0.55 5 97 0.89 5 120 0.84 5 144 0.84 5 16 7 . 0.82 4 98 0.84 5 121 0.84 5 145 0.50 4 168 o. l 99 0.84 5 122 o. 4 146 o. 1 169 0.58 4 100 1.00 5 123 0.45 5 147 o. 2 170 o. 0 101 1.00 5 124 1.22 5 148 0.55 5 171 0.50 4 102 o. 3 125 o. 5 149 o. 0 172 0.58 4 103 0.55 5 126 o. 0 150 0.84 5 173 0.89 5 104 0.45 5 127 1.14 5 151 0.89 5 174 1.00 4 105 0.96 4 128 0.55 5 152 0.58 3 175 1.00 4 106 1.58 5 129 o. 0 153 0.55 5 176 0.50 4 107 1.10 5 130 0.55 5 154 o. 1 177 0.45 5108 0.84 5 131 0.45 5 155 o. 0 178 0.50 4 109 0.55 5 132 0.45 5 156 0.55 5 179 0.45 5 llO 1.22 5 133 0.55 5 157 o. 71 5 180 0.5~ 3 111 1.14 5 134 0.84 5 158 0.58 3 1~1 o. 3 112 0.89 5 135 0.55 5 3 182 0.71 5 113 0.45 5 136 o. 5 159 o. 160 0.50 4 183 1.89 4 114 0.58 4 137 o. 5 161 1.79 5 184 0.96 115 0.58 4 138 o. 5 4 82 Appendix G (Cor,tinued) TASK NUMBER 1~5 186 187 1~8 189 1YO 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 S.D. o. o. 1.67 1.10 0.45 0.55 1.10 0.55 o. o. lo10 o. 0.5S o. o. o. o. 0.50 0.84 0.55 N 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 5 0 5 4 4 3 5 3 3 5 83 *U,S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 19'77 0-730-941,/2