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When they had cewed he Miid : Mr. Chairman,— I am exceedingly obliged to yourvelf, to Mr. Lenox, and to the othei' gentle men ibr the uddreHtt which you have preiieuted to me, and uUo for ihu remarks with which you, Sir, have been kind enough to introduce me in stating the object fur which this meeting was called. I ussure you that I receive this token of the friendship uiid theixiiitical adherence of the workiugmen of Toronto with greiiter pleasure than any event of my lite has ever given mo. (Cbeerr.) It has been ropresenteii that I failed in my duty as a member of the Adminiatriition in not giving effect to enactments which would have for their object the benefit of the working- man. Now, sir, I look upon this address, coming as it does fk-om the workingmen, as emanating from the true source of politiottl |K>wer, and as being a complete vindication of the (Government in the courae pumuod in this country. (Cheers ) For whatever may be said by those who may be a atep aljove tlie workingman in the social scale in this country, I hold it is the workingman who htw muiJu the country. It is the woikingman who is to give the country power for the tUtttfe, and u> make it ifreat iii the eyca of the world. It is the workingman to whom we must all \^% not mere'y ibr thu frnits of mechanicul pursuits common to cities and towns, but also for .the Gjtitiowu|-, uu^ pixMperity tola CiviU«ed ooantht^. I th^re- >re feel alTtbe greater pride lii receiving tlii!t tokeif of holuag<^ Miftw myself, but t« those priii- ^ ciples which I at present am only u repre entative of, and I assure you that my colleagues in the Government, and my colloiiguos in public life in the Parliament of the countiy will abundantly appreciate the motives which have led the wotkiiigmcn of this city to adopt this course of dis- playing his poliiicul piiwiti- and vindicating his ]K>liticul ehuiucter. You have alluded, Mr. Chairman, to the fiict tint tlicir have been w^orkingmen's gatherings in other parts of th<- country as well UH ill this cit\ . with a view to manifesting their approval of the conduct in pulilic life of the lemlu.' of the Opp>.sitioii. Far bo it from me to find any fault with this ihi!icu|iou of tliu |>uliticiil opinions of certain sections of the workingmen. ( Hear, hoar I ) I rathoi'tejoicu to know that there is that independence of thought and that independence of action which leads numbers of our fellow-citizens to take a view of political life and political men w>ia«>vbat adverse to those which wo hold ourselves. At the same time, I cannot but ex- pi'e:4s some little surprise that any workingman who looks back to the history of the country, to the history of our race in the Motherland, should, by natural instinct, be a Conservative. (Checi-s.) Sir, the power of the workingman is made manifest only when a country becomes civilized and powerful. The power of a workingman is nothing iu a state of scmi-barbarisni. The Tory party in England were but the followers or the successoi's of those who oppressed the workingman in limes long gone by. (Cheeiu) I say they were but tho followei-s or suc- cessors of tho^te who held the workingman in light esteem, if we look back to the history of the early ages of the Eastern monarchies, we find the workingman u slave. If we look back to the hiilory of the country which aifoi-ds us the earliest instance of national civilisation — such as U was — wo find the monarch and the nobles of Egypt making their subjects toil to rear monu- menth, not to human industry, not to that industry which is productive, but merely monuments to the monai'chs and to the pagan gods whom the}' worshipped ; and iu the building of the Egyptian pyramids and the vast temples of that land there was an amount of human life and human labour sacrificed which would have ton times completed the entira public works which this country has been endeavouring to carry forward to completion. (Interruption.) I am not nt all surprised at the impatience of certain gentlemen. They know that the tide of public opinion is running against them. (Cheers.) They know that this magnificent demonstration sinks into insignificance anything that they have attempted. (Hear and cheers.) I was about to trace the history of the workingman from the time when he was the mere slave of the desiMt and the tyrant. In our own day efforts me made by strong Conservatives to induce the workingman to believe tli;it they, and they alone, are his true friends, when it is impossible that any substantial sympathy can exist between a Convervative and the real workingman who subsists by the labour of his hands. (Cheers.) Well, Sir, let me come dowa in the histoiy of t<>« world to ,uu...iies n> .'- followed faai upon the foot«t«p« of the Egyptians in the i-aoe for civilisatiou Ij«t usconsi>i.<' ^^hat was the condition of the workingman in England itaelf in the sixteenth a id suvuAt«e:';.U cen'uries, when Tory rule was at its height, when no labourer had any voice in tL j iidinnntiti-atioii < i aifiiirs, when scaroely such a thing as popular representation in Purliamoiit ; isi'- ! K. .n in tho days of the Commonwealth we find that the wage of the Wwild be — ( ^liglisli \\Uii) I uni re: ^'n'^T''r.Tr(rifi of Wlltit 'VOI a little passing attention to tho subject. Now, Sir, wages ul th< in force in England were at the very point of starvation, i recc farm laborer had to be contented ul Great Britain with aliout when bome improvement was made, that one sj^illing and hixp good wage ; I ri>collect when the hands employed by tho agi-ic paid when they woro getting £10 |ier anniim atui their Uiard ; ii chanic's, such as masons, carponteii), blackarnitlw^. and other hi tilii threepence to fourpence |>er hour. Now they think themselves eightpence to teiipence halfpenny an hour in England, This sh been to the English mechanic and to the Enffjlbh labo. er. N( ordinary farm servant — the ploughman of the old land — .-an e his board, where formerly, within the memory ofmany of i hose my own, he only obtained £10. What was tho^iilste of lln< woi means of raising a family in decency, us to rbtF#ieHii.-< of oli children ? ' The restrictive laws which so long helt^tll^ workii subjection left him also, as a general thing iu^hglMif the meat were then at the disiwsal of a man with a family for oiitaining his children. All this, I say, was th'e result of ' system ib 9iti)ada. , (Hear, hear, am, vti' ^ave iiappily oscapep. The lat.iiTti £n were alike mistaken in their impiesi Coi.. . ..ws. They believed that univei-sal ditsTtster w.tiil i ovit^ Instead of that, Sir, from the time those injurious and unjii-^t \-v Great Britain took a fVesh start; new life was infused intoti.e pi better implements, better husbandry, new luiinures— every liiin^r productiveness of the soil. The result was that the farmer proilu and instead of his commodities falling in price they steadily l'o^ lime in England you will have to pay at least a price twice at was paid when Bicliaid Cobden was agitating for the rc])eal of which are more subject to eompetilioii with foreign grain. Kt wore at that period in England. Instead, thorofore, of a rojwal injury, it has really benefited, not merely the working cinsses m food, but also those who are immediately interested us the pro) upon those lands ; and at this moment we have the woiideiful whole population of England only fifty years ago believed tlia pctided upon having England for the Englishmen, so wo now h must have Canada for tho Canadians. Sir, tho very monu'iit repealed the country took a bound forward. It increustd in w times that at which it increased previously. (Hear and ch once received better jiay, the furmera became more prosi)or more wealthy, and we had the most abundant pr')<>t' on value of that .system of legislation whi«i(i we advocate of a revenue tariff. We have in this country at the present iik of free trade. No one has ever pro])o.-ed that. What we have will i-aise a revenue suflScient for the wants of tho countiy, and the protectionist in principle wants is, that we should not 011I3 maintenance and execution of the laws, but wo should also pay either the agriculturist — if ho can bo protectwl— or of the n protect him. We may now compare very fairly the effect of i ing country with the efl^ect of the taiift" laws in this counti-y — t system with the Canadian system, and see how the results are adversity of either country. The people of the Uniteaii\» and oonseqnentfy who have, not studied United Stales polity or history may not era only commenced with 1860 ; for many yeai-s Ixjfore that coi Occasionally before 18(>0 tliey levied duties which partook larg taritf; but in 1800, just aboultlic time that the war broke out, mi in particular speculations sueeceded to a certain extent in go wer and uikiii the .(ioveiiiiiuMit of tlio eouiitiv, and tlio res ..- :,...;(i,-.ii.i . Mi.vttoii.' lljiil ili.-v have Htteiiiptcd. (Hear and cheer •) ' thai wo are on u h .1 l„ ';Ht:li-l(V :i)(* tlio suiiui tooliii>r ol' eiiiil ■^^-K, \^ ^-it^^ ) EVENING RECOH)]BL K men's Demonstration at Toronto, Thnrslay, 30tlL, 1878. ;land, tfio iiej illUBtratin^ mr, hear, undj The lat. woikiitgmun in a ittitte of comparative ;oneiiil thing iu^bglaiitl.u pursuit of agriculture; there were iidry, new nitinures — evcrviliiii^ possible was done to increase tiio 1 roiiultwas thiit the farmer |iroilui-od much more than ever betbro, falling in price they steadily rose in value until at tho present to pay at least a price twice as largo for almost everything as was agitating for the rejjoul of tho Corn Luws, except cereals, lotitioii with foreign grain, iionts are nearly double what they Instead, Ihorotore, of a ro|wal of these protective luws being an ot mei-ely the working classes iiiid all who have to ]>urchafie their mediately intoroHted as the ])ro))i iotors of lands and tho tenants moment we have tho woiidoiful tact prosentc' I oppressed by no tyrant either ; we meet here as free men to I nation. (Cheei-s.) We meet here to consider those groat ■ object the greatest amount of human happiness, and for their ir, or if the laws should be unjust, national failure. I propose to the laws of the United States, as compared with the ett'octs of nan inUiistrj-, and oonaeqnently upon liuinaii happine^^. ThoKe tales polity or history may not be aware that the real protective ; for many yoai-s Ijefbre that country had a purely revenue tariff. ovioil iluiies which partook largely of tho nature of a protective 10 time that the war broke out, manufacturers and othoi's interested cetietl to !i certain extent in getting a hold u|)on the legislative I'lit 111' tlie iimiiti V. and the lesult of tliai was the eiiaclinoiit of "SfT furnaces are idle, and one huiiiifad millions of capital sunk in that work is utterly unprixliutive. (Hear, hoar, and cheers.) Ttfli showH that tho. protective aystera had brought on such an over- production that it became tl^ min of the pi-odiieers. (Hear, hoar.) And so it we sold. It would be produced at such an onortupus cost that they would be unable to aeiKl any out of the country, and in such large uiiijititiea qBtt we would be unable to uao it in the country. In a short time, therefore, wo should iii|\'e to ^|2t up their shops. Universal ruin to the niaiuifactiirers themselves would be the ine^tabie I'onlt of thus gorging the market by an unhealthy system of piixiuction. Wo have here tie (hot, and I am now speaking from figures of an otIU-ial iharacter, that while tho population of flic United States increased from thirty-one niillioiis in tstio to forty- five luilliona in 187(i, for the jiixteen years inclusive at a rate of about 4U \*!V cei.t., the |irodiieiiiir capacity, as I have already slown, inorea-sed during the same (leriod in a much larger ratio, io 187(> the United States wcrenot ablo-4o ex]iort gixids in proportiim to the |>opulatioii, lor ihg ex- portation relatively decrcasel in proiiortion to the population. The ex|i<>rl of eotioii |ilei'o goods •n 1800 amounted to nearly |11,000,OUO, but in 187C, with a p«ipiilation of in ai Ij^^UU im millions more, and with a protective system whiuh is clainiei'>t'SHB|iiv friends to be the means ot^nHohing the country, they were only able to export seve.i .•iiurOTi'c*- quarter millions, an absolme deci'ease in the exportatiouof one of their staple niaiiiilii< tui-esul 25 per cent., Ijesides the relative decreaae as com])ared with the increase of the popujali"'. (ffcar, hear.) Now, could au}' fiipt )>c more damning aa to tho influence of a pi-otcciive sysii m uimii tin- trade of a country? (Hiar, hear.) (A.Voico — "That is not caused by piotcition ) Well, I can only saj' that all thn ji^litical economista admit it is cauaed by proioutioi'. (cheers) I »iM» only «My that it \n'i ifMisj^ by something, and they have ]ii'(>|,ectio:i li.erc whilt« * there is no jirotection in Ktigland. (A Voice— "What hat- fieo Ira-lo dwiio for us?")-. We have never had free traile, and, therefore, you cannot tell what it ha-* done for Cannila. I have a list here of inanulucturcvl gomU exported from llie United .Stale-, emliraeing some of their principal staples, siieh as tobacco, iron, cotton piece gooiU, diugs, niciliiine>*, weaiiiig apparel, gla.ss, hats, pa|ier, iirintiiig jircss, ty|ie, and many other things, anil we lind ilial in l.stm there wore twenty-nine millions ox|s»rt«'d of these twenty or thirty articles In this li-.t, and only the same amount in 1871!, nolwithatanding the incrcsiso in |)o])ulation. Tills show-, ilio iiiiiioiis ellectof a protective taritf. (Hear, hoar.) Now I am not protemling for a niiirnenl to say thai it would be desirable or jio.ssible for us to havo what is known as a free trade ^y.steiii. Tie- Govorninenl, of which I am a member, is accused of having afrcc trade iioliey, wlieioas the l;ii.i, is that the nocessilios of our revenue comjwl us to imjiose a higherdiiiy tlian was ini|iose I by the previous Administration ; in other words, we havo 17i per cent, wlcii the late .Xdiidnistrutioii had only 15 per cent. (Hear, hear.) I was about to speak of the ex|iiii'iation of niiiin arlieic' of goods to one little Stale in .South America, Venezuela, as an iiliisiraiioii. In IsTo die eniiii! imjiort and export trade ainoiiiitod to j;i3+5,000. The principal exports Ironi \'ene/.uol i consists of (ioffoe and raw hides. The United States had a large ciiiiy npoii lioili nf ihe-o articles, hut in 1870 they admitted coffee lice of duty into the I'niied .Stair-, and lliey had hides free al.so, and the result was an immediate increase in the liade in these arlieles. In 187(> the ini|Kn'ts alone from Venezeulu were of the value of 8">. 870,1100, aiiil (lie e.^porl , 03,424,000, or an increase of 2(iO per cent, as compared with 1870. Then in 1872 tliere was a still further proof of the bencticial effects of a reduclion of duties from llie |ii'otcctioiiist standard In 1870 the entire shipping trade with Vcne/.eula, amounted to lifieeii ve-scU of only 2,,'j70 ton. capacity, and emplo^'ing only 101) hainls. In I87/ exports is not alwaj's a true measure of the prosperity of a i-ouniry. A fanner who is deejiU- in del»t i.-i oflteii under the necessity of proviiling fbr that debt by selling more ol his sMmU than he eiin wi-ll part with, and to th.-it cxient he diminishes the productive |Hiwer of his (iiriii; for in-lanic, il he tries to do with live horses what he reoiiires six to ilo iiropi-rl\ . in onj.r i|,;i( In- iir.i\- -ill i|,,i ^1 l''72 hides were niai.e I'd .Slale-. .■inioiiMicd I > era. they had risen li 750,000 lour years liet'ore. Xoihini,' eoiiii re-lrielioM- I'l'iiMi tiade. { 111 the sunie tooliii!^ of enualitv a- I" the means ol laal^ii. -Im-1 \, j_^lhi.O0ll.''iMl ;^ ( I ■iitmummr Sir. iti \H^*>-^ tlicro wuro irnportod into CanHda altomther of boots i. id hIioch of every kirn! only $(02,))71 woi'ili. or loiw tliitn tbu tit'teutitti |>»rt Of ID0 total manuficturu of tlio eouiitr}'. But tlicii Wo (U'tiiiilly oxporti'il tVoin ilio country in thktyaar tl96,710 worth of b<)0tr4HndMliom«, l«av. iii^r II litlrioiicu of only 91l)5,'Jt>l boiwuunour imports and exportit of tliutariicl)!. Now, how inucli i> tliis ill) you tlimk, amon^ the oniiro pomilaiioii of the country ? It in tho mori'Ht nossi- blo iriii'iioii. Tiii'ii wo will tiike ilio article of Iiour^oliokl furniture— and I li-ci imrliculiiry inior- Oiii'il III tliiit item in the ('ity of Toi-ont«>, b cauM uwoli-known old friend of ininc.H iniiniil'ucturer of liiiiiiiuiu, i» now in the liuld ax a political candidate, and I inn t«uro that Mr. Hiiy will i^ivu mo cro'lil liir ■•iiiit'rity when 1 niuie that I would b« Horry to say ono word which would jar U|K)n hid tiiuliiii^s ill '•|)ciiUitiLC <»l'«ny maitor ell'octing the jiulilical ixmition of hiin»tclfor his fncnils. But, Sir, \vc tiii'i iIjui iho entiio |irotliict «)f the country in the year 1870 — and it has* very much in- civiiNud NJni'e — \y put at itomet hint; over t3,.)UU,()00 in furniture ; and the iniportu oi' furniture I'll' lii>t year am lUiited to $'i8;{,*JH0, while we exporteil tl43,5(t6 worth, leaving a total ilitU'ieni'o of I'liniitiire and our importM of 9140,384— or uh near iw possible .'J-J conff< p-r ho;i(l. (IFcar, heiu-.) And yet, Hir, Mr. Ilay aMsuines that we are ruining; bin buNi- no-<^, lic(-,iii--() we don't fjivo him more than 17^ jiercenl. of protection. For every dollar'n worth oli;(H>l^ tliMi ho niaiiiitiU'tui'OH the country jiayM him 17J centN premium, iiiul yet ho want« more, altiiou^'h the entire con^unlption of the couiitiy is alrouHt wholly manufactured in Cunadn. Let UH coiiPiidor other bruiiclioa — the Ntove Iriuio, (or instance. Any of you who know who tho 8t()veinakors of ('anada are, any of you wiio chooso to visit the vaHtostahiisihments of Mr. (iurney anil oihor maiiufactuiers, will bo slow to believe that ihefe are pursuing u very ruinous trade. 1 re lollect that, in 1874, when tho uiriff was revi-;od, having ro|)eat«d interviews with many of those nianuitictiirers. They wanted a hi,i;h(M- duly to save ihemHelves tho trouble of applyin;^ t'loir brains to find out moans of improving tho niiichinery for the carrying on of their inanufac- tono-. and tliev wished for [jroteciion to enable thom to send out what would he an iiitierior article at an iiuroa.^ed cost to tho people. Now, I say that tho positioii of Mr. Hay and Mr. (.iiirnc^-, ;ini|. no#icrally speaking, of the manufacturers of tho country is not one of isohitioii from profit. When 1 lind that men w!io commenced li!e much less than half a century ago now count their gains and their properlie- by hundreds of thousands, I am slow to believe that the business that iTiey l;avo been following is a ruinous one. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) With regard to tho miiniilactiiie ol boots and shoe-, I have the word of some of the manufuciurers of those articles that ihcy do lioi ',\ :int any more jnotection. (Voice : " Not a bit ! ") 1 am perfectly aware that Home large nianui:i<'turois have, within the last few years, fkileil in business, but they did not fail hocau.-e ihcir p opur business was not paying, if the manufacturer invesis in real estate when it is at 81 a to 4. an I has to sell it afterwards at lilty or si.xty cents a foot, and fails in his boot and shoe iiade in consequence, his failure is not to be attributed to the ditliculties surrounding his niaiiiifiiciiir.ii'j tiude, but to neglecting his own lino of husinoss to follow one be knows noih II,:,' about. ' I am .-peaking, Sir, with the knowledge of indiiflduals j' I know the (iicls, and I could put niy tinkers upon the names of goiitleinen whose exi»erionccs I have just indicated. There i> not at tliis moment a boot ond shoe maker who will bo able to show to the country — it is im|/0.--iblc to s-how il — that he is not well paid Ibrhis capital. It cannot bo otherwise, because oil! ot tlio cut ire consumption of the uountiy in bonis imd shoes we don't import more than one fifty- third, or one llfiy-fourlh part, and that shows that they areablo to doiive profit from their busi- ness. 1 do not at nil moan to say that it would not be ptw-ible to enact laws to make us ]my more Ibi' our ijoois and shoes than wo are paying now, and lo make the mmiutiuturors of boots and slioes bctcr ott; that could easily bo doiie, but it would merely benefit tho manutiicluror, beinL; at the srnip time a heavy tax upon all the rest of the peo))lc, though ultimately sine to re^uIt iu injury to the nuiiiuliictuieis. Take another illustration. You have heard of the ruinous etieciB of a jnoiectivo policy upon the cotton mills of (he United Statof. In 1874-5, the first 3ear of the oxisliiig laritt, tho entire im])orlation of ble;iched and unbleachod cottons inipi> Canada was f2,f)53,475 ; iluiing ihe lust financial year the eiiliio imporfadon of tho sauic class of goods was • l,3l)8,o(JI. Now, 1 hapi>en to know that manufacturers of cotton are able to make a fair ])rofit —a bettor proiif than njamitiictui-ers of many other kinds of gootis in the country at the piosent nioinent. Jlcre is a proof of it: — Our wholesale dealers have been able to jmrchaso in tho home mnrkel clienpcr than they could imiwrt, and pay .oventeen and a-half cents per dollar iliify in addition. 'l'hi> ^hl>ws that Ihoee manufacturers have a (air degioe of ))ro^])erily. it nmy bo quite true liiiii it would be desirable to see them and all other clas>es in the country make a better piolii i.an ihey have been able to do, but so long as the}- reap a reasonable jjrofit in times of gtiiei ;d 1 1 lie depression no one has fair grounds of complaint. Now. the entire im|X)rtation of cotton yiniU in 1874-5 was a shade under $lt},i)OO,00O. while the entire imijortation in 1877 was only a sii.ile over 97,750,000, or a decrease of nearly 81.',250,000. In most cases when manniiic iini-s of cotton or woollen goods have gone under, il is because thej-have not conducted their biiMnc.-> proporl5-, because there has been an attempt made by some of the manufacturers to run on n^ciid lines of goods at the same lime instead of giving their attention to one. \Ve liiuAv thai niiiiy inanulaitureii* who have (ailed in tho country have made blunders both as to I ei. ni live ji wor and tho location of thoir w^orks, and in many other lespects which wo have not 1 line o I (111 I'lei , blunders which successful manufiicturorsescai)e ; but wecannot see because people woi\ ail ,. .0 fui iu creating or locating their manufactories, or in conducting them afterwards, that tliocouiitiy is bound to pay for their want of skill. (A voice — '• What proportion of cotton came from the United States?") I cannot tell exactly wlm-oitwas imported from, but that is of no eon- sequence. Tlu re is one class of cotton goods imported from England, another from the United States. 1111(1 amnlior class is inaniifactuied chiefly in Canada. You will find that foioign manufactui-ers of cotton goods produce a lnn( iple n piutectivo tm-itif— the result is tho detiti notion of their munufacturere, the closing of their nulls, indeed tiie lidlure of many of their manufacturers. But it is said, "Look at the num- ber ot lailuics in Canada." Canada must, no doubt, sufl'er in common with all countries ata time when trade is severely depressed over the whole world, but during the first quarter of the present year the tailures in the United States were «84,(l00,000, as sgainst 109,000,000 in 1876; while we liiui ot failures during Iho last thrco months, nine millions against 7J millions in 1876 — -'" ^^ ' - ''"' ini'i'or ii'ii of liiilures with the rniloi States was at least us large as ) But t , consu so fbolisi IM>t-|)0!>l lefbre he les, and four steamships. (Hear, hear, and h»ud cheers ; A Voice I hear a gentleman enquire if a duty would Hto|i that trade, of a duty ou grain and flour is much like a man who has mii tho place whoie he lives and tlie town whore he does his m get there too easily, after the road isgi-adeil and levelled, h< ditches across it. ( Hear, hear.) These people are afVaid t slu.imship lines which takes tho prixiucts of the Weston should be able to take those ]>roak of Canada for tho Canailians. They might as well si Mr. Robinson Crusoe, kept tho Island of Juan Fornande cheers.) In fact. Sir, the very idea of pi-otection is embod own house, and with a knife made out of bone wbitling we with needles of bone stitching it into articles of clothing, tries with a vongoiince ; and, most undoubtedly, liobinson Ct isl party of the Island of Juan Feiuandez at that time. (Loi of our |)rotectionist friends of this day and generation wl go and live on the island as Mr. Robinson Crusoe did, and t preach. (Renewed laughter and cheers.) I not m{ly believi but tho Unlteil States, South America, the West Indies, Australian trade. (Loud cheers.) By the exurtiions of tl managed during the lust year, by a judicious exhibition of w a revenue tariff — we have shown the people of Australasia tl implements, carriages, edge tools, and other artless, and bui within the th-st six months after the Exliibitioji closed w dollars worth of our goods to that i-egi»n. (Ch those ships ourselves; they insist on us, as Can will not allow us to sell unless we can find a natioi and sell ilieii-» on our terms also. Now, Sir, you as you please. The man who trades must sell United States in this ies[wot. There are three ar absolutely pi-oh bits the importation ot, and they are spu (Loud laughter.) They class them together as Ihe three aril any account to come into the country. All those who have a great deal of spurious coin is im)>orted, neverth* but they don't seem to think very much about it. country adopted its present navigation laws there ported into the United Stales. They passed tl yearsago, when they iise.l to wear the old slouched hats and i and they seem to have fnrgotten that the world has progi the result of their foolish policy ? At the present moment Uniteil States for Eurojie nearly 150 steamships laden with tli one of them but four are sailing under fbieign flags (H« Americans are deficient in mechanical effort or skill. As a p ships as the British are. Tiie best proof of that is given in t her navigatioli laws, when they were pursuing the old am United States, the hitler weio then on equal terms with ti United Kingilom shipping. 1 do not know the precise ditl'ei sion — 9))eaking fi-om recollootion — is that at the time these 1 were not more than from half a million to a million tons beh merchant navy. Today Great Britain has over eight million Stales have no more than they had twenty years ago— (Hi millions of people, and with a seaboard that may bo said to Now Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, is fastoverhai persist in maintaining their restrictive system it will undoub 111 jwpulation and weak in undeveloped lesouites as she is — I am quite sure of one thing, and I believe you are^ too Conservative leaders do not mean what their speeches t I know it is not possible fiir any Government that could c adopt a ijroteotionist policy, lor if you cease to raise a reven for use into tho country you must raise il in some oth«r w the lioopie and asserts that it would be for tho welfare of thi iinijosed as are of a protective chiuaotor must admit two place, that the object is to slop the the foreign tiiide from ooi not he will not enlarge the market of our manufactures. If into the country, he must admit that he also stops the duties The first time you hoar one of these gentlemen sjjcakiiig of how he proposes to raise a revenue. (Hear, hear.) It mus one of you that tho eft'ect t.l a protective |)olicy would revenue, and in the next place to raise the price of every I hi ii wlien I say workingmen, I embrace the entire farming po the inhabitants of the great cites— in short nearly all our po arisU>cratic power, no great land ownei-s apart from those wh are all wnrkingmeu, and we have all to bear our share of have no royal i-oadto «r«altb^ito mwtua of ucceau to a mine to pay the amount of taxalit linio \ oil Iicai one ot tl lour. tttiii loud eliceiM ; A Voice—" Would a duty Mo\> tlmt trwiu ? ") it'u duly would hIoji tlmt liiul«. Undoulitt>dly it would. Tl)u pluciiiK In mui'li like It tniiii wiio liiw initdo u i-oud to laoilitalu travel Iwtween I tliu town wl>ore liu dut)4 hix niarkutini;, and then, tor fuar lio Hhould u roitd JB^radtHl ami luvulled, he goca to work and cuts thmu or I'oor L tJie octjHii, j)ro.nai8, an well uh our own, too eauily ; and they would have uh to tat WiudMoruiidSuriiiti, aiidoii tli« \VellaiidCaual,aiidnt the uutlotii y to thoHe HhipporB : " You Hhall not uho our avenuw of trade un'^esiH so.j. and give bondi* to U(* that llie votHcls will Iw r«'iiiiiiod." They er* iu the way of a trade that otnployH thouHaiidit >•! oar tiailortt and leater act of madiumu could bo jjcrpctralod at a lime wliufi wo are (rffcling and making iomi>let« our uyutem of canal navigation, than ige tenco along our bouwdury lino and thu!« prevent tho«e foreigncre (Hoar, hoar, and loud cheers.) If you mean by a protective system trade; that wo uro to live by oui-Helves without eommorcial intai- , then. Sir, I can understand what these gentlemen mean when they adians. They might uh well say that that well-known gonlloman, tho Island of Juan Furnandos lor himself. rLoud laughter and iry idea of protection is embodie«!>bibly bi^y just as yuu please and sell ofore he can bily. Look at tho folly of the clos, and only three, I think, I hat their taritt portatioii ot, and they are spurious coin, obscene prints and ships. ss them together as tho throe articles which they will not allow on country. All those who have been in tho United .states know that d coin is imjiortod, nevartholess, and many indecent prints, think very much about it. But from tho tiujo that that jsont navigation laws there has never been a ship im- d States. They passed these laws nearly ono hundred wear the old slouched hats and small kneo breeches of the Puritans, that region. (Chel insist on us, as Can iss wo can find a natioi also. Now, Sir, yoy ho trades must sell There are throe ai' with Ix'ing tainted with diHlnyaliy to the Kmpire — why, sir. tluw* aru the innn who «<>rn to ii«y Iho slightost ri't'ai-d to the (Milify of tho British Kmpiru — that |»olirv which hits carrit'l llu< Kng- lish ship and tho Kn^llNh ta^r to every p<>rt of the workl— that ixdicy whi< h ha^ carru'd Hrilinh comniorce, tho British name ami British civili/fttion to the i-oinottwt pnrtH <>| tho carlh. ( liond cheers.) .Some yearn api mimt of the (mhlio men of Canaila exorte-l lln-niielvot to procure a oliMM union of tlte Britiah American Pmvinc«a That ContWleraiion w<> an i|>lish>'t|, and we hope. Sir, to prenerve a similar close alliance — it' not with the i»am« tysleni o|' repreien- tation — at all events, an alliance in our legislative actions, if not in our lei{i'e the whole of the ('olonii'M of the Rtnpiro which are girdling the earth working together m a contederuti-nnHii»r(> hack to the Minte from which we onlj' otnori^ed fifty or sixty yearn ago with conshlerablo dirtlruliy. Sir, 1 itropliesy tVirther, that tho Unitod States of America within the next live years will mi hack to the ixilii'v in existence liefore 1800. (Hoar, hear, and cheers ) Thciu is wui;hl ruin upon themselves. They have by their refusal to admit Mhi|"-« iiitothe country, uivon British vessels the greater portion of tho carrying trailn of the countrw .-Xnd even ihouxh Ihcy vet build many fine sailing vessels, foreign ships last year carried scvciitylwu |it>i' coni. "f the trade of their groat soapf)rt, Now York, leaving oidy 2H |)er cent, of tho trade of their principal port U> be carried in American ls)ttoms to foreign countries. Now .Sir, I have hcanl iM-casional remaks in difToront part«of the audience, from • few gentlemen who have chu-cn to conie here to disturb the meeting, with reference to steel rails, with reli'reiice to the Noohintr IIoli-l, and with reference to one or two other small matters. Let mo say this, what I have htat(>aid this same person was more by $3,000 or 14.000 than was paid by him to the hullilor; wo lave I ho judgment of the Court for that. Then at the very time that wo «crc Imying rails by public coni|)etttion at 454.s«iit time. And yet they have the ottrontory to come forward and say thai we jiaid too much Iniougli our vp'.uafors by >200 or 8300 for this hotel. We do not bear these tjenilemeii say that we had kept the secret fund in our pos-ession (lli'ar, heir, and ■often that tho world has progressed siin^o tluit time. And what is] cheers.) Wo never defrauJed tho Govorriment out of money that was due to the country ulicy? At the present moment thoio aie leaving tho jwrts of tho by a Railway Corporation which was controlled by a political ring. (Il-ar. hear ) And yd urly 150 sieamshipa laden with tho juoduco of the country, and every j these j>eoplo attempt to make a cry out of such matters as I have referreefriend lhem>ielvos. (Cheers.) I recollect the day, jat Britain has over eight million tons of shipping. And tho United Sir, when I first took part in llie political struggles of Canada. Tho workingman was prevented icy had twenty years ago — (He»»r, hear.) — and Canada, with four by Tory rule from having a vote of any soil. I recollect Ihat in later times only tho-e who u seaboard that may bo said to bo confined to Quebec, Nova Scotia, were freeholders were allowed to vote. I recollect. Sir, that the ]«>«)• man. if he voted at all in Etlward Island, is litst overhauling the United States, and ilthey our large c.ouniios, had to travel sometimes ono hundretl miles, because his vole had to Ik» cast restrictive system it will undoubtedly be the case that Canada — ."inall in the county town ; and the result of this was that the ooor man could not L'ct there to iidevelopod resources as she is — will buccecd in doing so. (Cheers.) vole, or did so at great expense, and con.-oquently it was an easy matter to carry ng, and I believe you aro^too; and that is that our fi ienls tho an election without ensuring a real reprosetilalion of the people. But tho Lils'ial t mean what their 8i)eecl'os seem to indicate on this question. Party gave belf-govcrnmcnt to tho conntrv. (liOiii; continued and rej>eafoy our pleased. They appointed their Returning-oflTicers in the same way. What hive we done, Sir* CO to raise tho price of everything tho workingmen consume; and We have enfranchised the workingman ; we have adopted a scheme of taxation which is uniform ; and embrace the entire farming population, and nitieleeutwentieths of we have brought our responsible Government to a state of the utmost completeness. All this is owing to .jtey—iQ nhort nearly all our population. Wo have here no giuut the efforts — to the vigourous efforts — to the battle fought by the Liberals hall a century ago. land owners apart from those who are practically workingmen. We (Cheers ) Sir, who does not rem<:mber the day when these same fri.-osed upon us; wo the doors of our University against him? No one could go to that University unlets he became I— no moaiM of ucceas to a mine of wealth, which would enable us a subscriber to the Thirty-nine Articles and became a member of the Church of Rn^land. It was iti tiiHo tliu liiiioiy <>•' llio wijrkiii>,'twni from tho linio whoii ho wait tho mere slnvo of tlif (Ibv|x»I iiiiil lli« ivniiil. In nui- own duy ufforln aio iiituJu by stroliff CoimervHtiveH U) induce thu wurkiiif^inuii to l«jliov.> tli it tliuy, »iiuthy can oxint hot weon u Con^eivativo and the leal workingtnan whu Hut>fi«i!« by tliu lalNiui- of hin haiidit. (Cheen*.) Wull, Sir, let mu eomo down in the ItiMloi-y of tOKHiblo covering for their bodies, and the HcanliuHt ]MNHible means of HulsiHlenc'u. And yet. Sir, thiough all that lung period of darkness and diutreiis to the labouring man, he wan uoin|ielled to serve the 8tate, either iu the public armies or in doing public works, to un extent ihr iu exceHS of any labour which the labouring meu of this day performed when it is of a voluntary character, and purformeil at a iixed price bargained for by themselvos. At thu pre^^ent day the conditions of labotr are pracliuiilly tho aume iu Canada as in England. In both countries tho arrangements with reguitl to it are now subject to oonditions on which master and employee must of nuco^sity iigree. The labourer in Canada is, however, in u position a good deal su]jurioi', I think, in other respects to that of the labourer in England, bucaitMO iu Canada— iu all the country places, at all evunis, and to a groat extent iu tho cities uIhu — every labouring man may, if he likes, have a homo for, on soil owned as well as occupied by, himtelf. (Cheei-s.) 1 was about to allude to laws of a restrictive character which have been enacteJ apparently for th« protection of the wurkingman, but ruully in order to bring about the iitost uvil results to every one of them. All laws which have a tendency to prevent tho tree exchange of labtjur, whiuh makes labr>ur U-ibutary to capital, which make the employee a mere serf to tho employer, must of necessity affect injuriously the interests of the working- man. (A disorderly interruption here occurred, lasting for about five minutes; it was caused by an obstinate individual in tho middle of the hull, who |)orsisted in standing on his seat and acting in an eccentric fashion ; he was ultimately, however, induced to sit down.) I was proceuding, Sir, to remark upon the evil tendency of all restrictive laws — that is, laws which unnecessarily interfere with contracts between man and man. Precisely the same principle which affects contracts for labour affects contracts for auy other commodity ; and whatever deprives a man of the liberty to transfer his labour to the market he thinks best adapted to meet his want«, and to fUrnish him with the equivalent which his labour is intended to purchase, must of necessity have an injurious effect upon the public policy of a people subjected to such a system of lawt<. TliuAO who lived during the time of the agitation for the rui)eul of the Corn Laws in England — that grout agitation against tho last vestige of protection which cursed for so long the Mother Country — cannot but remember the deplorable state to which the population of England was reduced by this attempt to protect the farmer ut the expense of all the rest of the community. (Cheers.) Sir, it is well known to every Englishman present who lived in England forty or fifty years ago, that at that time there was, initead of prosperity as is commonly supposed, a conditiou of the utmost depro.ssion in the Mother Country. (A Voice.)— " That's so.") As long as protective laws romaiuod in force it was supposed that a certain class would bo benefitted, and that no other class would suffer any injury H-om them. It in, however, impossible to protect any particular interest, unless it be at tlie expense of other interests. (Hear, hoar.) Now, Sir, I rontember very well when John Bright, George Thompson, Ilichard Cobden, and other great men of that time who had the far-seeing eye of a statesman to observe the disastrous influences ^v'uich were sure to result within a comparatively short period if those laws were continued in e.Kistonco. It is well known that for several years before the repeal of the Corn Laws was carried by a reluctant Legislature the people of the country wore becoming most desperate. It was well known that revolution was breeding in the very heart of the British Empire. It is Well known that starviug thousands were patrolling the streets, cursed— cursed I say — by the dumon of protection. And I shall be able to show before I am done the similarity which uxists between that protective system and the system which people would havo prevail in this new country, whore we are supposed to be in a position to sweep away all tho abuses of the old land, to strike out a new line for ourselves, and to bring Canada and all it can influence into harmony with tho policy of tho Empire. (Cheers.) That policy is one which is eminently just to all men, as it makes no conditions that we shall pay taxes to any one but the State ; and any system >'if protection that compein us not merely to pay taxes for the maintenance of the State and for the I xcecution of its laws, but compels ua also to pay a large taxation for the purpose of filling the pockets .(if some of our fellow citizens (hear, hear), is a most iniquitous system. It is unjust iu principle, it fi productive of the worst consequences lU practice. No oue cau possibly doubt that if they give ihUl «li llIO III! It I'M.lli _ , liiivu tho Miniu Ih.iiii.|Ic>« c:i|iiii ily. iiic "li tlio .suiim Imiliiis,' ot lalxmr unNliiclivo mu I iiiiiliiii;,' a pcjiju Impjiy. Tlicy .-ire not inuko ihoir own laws. Wc mc njipioisoil by im tymiit citli discuss thu public iitliiiis of ii nation, ((,'hcci-s.) \V« nic prihciplos which havu lor ilicir olijoct the greaitwt amount o ultiniute result nalional ^^rmnlfiii', or if tho laws nhonld Imj unj exuminu u few of the ctti'tts of tlic laws of ihir L'liitcd Statu Canadian luwa tMiuiiii^; U|k>ii hiiniaii imltisiry. iiml coiirHwjnenll^ who have not studioU Initcd .Stale- poliiy or hi>toiy may noi era only cominuncod wilh ISGO ; for in;iny yours iK'fore that e( Occasionally before IHiiO liny liucil iliiiics which partt ub.nit thu time th.-it thu war brokoout, n in particular speculalinns nueii eiUil to a curtain oxteiit in g power and u|>on tho Goveiiununl of the country, and thu tv laws which levied diiiie« that wore piohihiiory in their chara for any foreign country to send articles into tlio United Stales were cii|wble of pnxlucing. Thu j)eo|ileof the United States \ silk goods, certain qualities of woollen ;,'oor ('i|iiiilit\ .I" ii live iiicn In llHtioli. ((.'Iici'i-M.) We niuol lu-io In <'n|i-,ii|ci' lliuhr j^ii'ill r iilijuct llio grciii(.'At iiinoiiiit (il liiiiniiii liii|i|iiiii'iri, mul tin- ilicir III', or il' tliu liiWK nliiiiild Im) uiiJMnl, liatiiiiiiil ruiliiiv. I |ii'<>|><- In tin: liiWiof the UiilU-d StHlo^. H^ coiiipiiieil with tlio I'llci Ir. nf nan iiiiliiMtr^', nn(>ri liiiiiiuii hu|)|iiiit>-44. 'riii»-« lalf^ p'llily or hi>loi'y may not ho awurti that tlio real pinU-rtivo ; I'di- tiiaiiy yoaiw U-fiiro that wiiiiitry had a purely rcvuiiiio taritl'. Irvicil iliuics wliii'h iMii'tiMjk largely of liio iiatiiru nt' a |iriitt>eiive he mill' ilial (ho war bi'okooiit, niaiiiirut'liiiui-H uikI othui'H iiituru.stee to »how ).isililu for them lo do two thiii^M at onee in thu niuiiiier that tiiuy means of u pi'ohihitory luritt' to Niipply the entire home market ii'lo.s requried, and ut the Maine tiino xeiid iriHxl.i to torei^n eoiin- t.*. What is said by our manufacturers is thiH, " Give us eiioui;li rus fairly eMtal>li^hell, and we will then ho able to compete with tiio control of our home markets." Well, Sir, let Ut) look at tho L'lilted States. Afler ten years of proteclioii they succeeded in t oJ' niunufucturintr ]jower and productivenesf<. By the census of ids manufactured iii tho United States amounted in value lo nd numbers, t4,°i5U.00O,UOO. 'J'hcy had at ibis lime arrived at tho which they ever oiijoyed, and, from thencetbrward there was a 187(j the amount of their manufactured goods had fallen — that extent of 8732,00U,U0O, the entire export of munulactured es in 1876 being (69,600,000, as near hm possible only two of tiieir total manufactures, showing thai they were utterly narketn with any considerable staple manufactures of the country-. instances to illustrate the relative position of trade in the Udited stems. In 1876, the entire pi\xluce of her iron manufactures was, 00. The total exports of that pi-oduction amounted only lo 1 of one |ior cent, of the entire ])roduce of manufactures. This unable to compete in the markets of tho world with English and lo protection whatover to sustain them. Let us take again the Fnited States. They had a protection of something like 6o per cent, of the period from 1860 to 1876. The total amount of their pro- )00, while their exports only reached tho figure of 9685, 823, and at pellod to admit woollen products fi-om foreign countries that their I to mauufacture themselves to the extent of $47,676,065. In 1876 ers of clothing made altogether goods to the value of $160,000,000, r $579,595 worth, or almost exactly one-third of one per cent, of I a state were the manufacturers of the United States reduced that to send a particle almost of their whole pnxiiict to and and other countries which had either entire Free Trade or a ^oiid their goods to Asia, to the West Indies, to the South American e Easit Indies, and to almost every civilized nation on the shut out the American manufacturer from the trade of the 'e ine who will also remember the restrictive laws which affected ^t one time within the riiemory of v'ery many who are present Kng- lips from being brought into tho country — prevented any foreign ion of the produce of Great Britain coastwise. There is no doubt system is adopted it will for a time increase tho productions of a iroducts of a country — but I wish to argue this inattor out, and 1 you that, although it will increase them for a time, it is only ulti- rieck and ruin amongst the manufacturers who will have so greaty the country. In the United States, when the tariff of 1860 was be products in nianufuctures was about $65 per head ; but in 1870, 'stem, the annual average hud increased to uuout $128 per head, or it was in 1860 — although a very considerable part of thai annual d in order to find the real ratio value of that day. The discount t time was such as would reduce the average per capital from 8128 ates, something between $90 and $100 per bead ; still it was an iuction of a country, and this same tendency to manufacture is faster than the ratio of increase of population. For instance, in spindles in the United Stales was 7,ll4,0ii0; but in 1874 it liad lie ratio of 33 per cent, during these four years, while the popula- sr cent. You will olMerve from this that the manufactures of the much faster than could be consumed, and thus leading, as a mailer i — to comi)cl the manufacturers to find a larger market, or not to ey tried to obtain a larger market, but they failed, for the ;h in the United States to pi-oduce what they were making, shipped their goods to other parts they were outsold by free wa» that within a few yeara afterwards the producing capacity of isly to retrograde. Take the State of Pennsylvania alone, where >r tho production of iron. There were in that State in 1370 not less 1 operatiou. At the present time muro than one-half of these bias t III llie exp'il I III i;iM.|-. t.i |,,ici_;ii pai i,--|;i,i M-.,i vv:i>..i,,, i.. •- , i , ^. -I'sriiili part jil'ilie whiile. ami liiai ligiirc im liulcd tfixxls •.hip|H'd whiih had Uvn jmpniiiil in u raw i-l:iii'. .N'nw. .Sir, thr |1iii|i'«7i; all<>i;ether nl ilntncslir pr>»liir(' wa-« $."»2.'>.r>'^2.2 17 ;;"|(| wnrlh. nr an averat'e /xr >'(i/< than »ii elevetith nl their iHipiilaiimi. 97J. I'll. (:i7 wniili, nr an aveiairi' i.ile nl SI^.IH per head, against gl.'J.HK per head in llie I'iiiUhI .Slales. (t'ln'er^ ) .\nd In -Imw that litis wiw iinl lit alt an uxiutptimml yoar, l«L us lake the iiuxt >uur, \i&.. l.^Ta, when lliti t'.xp<>rlit I'i'olii Canada had solii(!what dei'ie.'ised. and the eXjHirts I'lniii ihe (inlol .sialei had -niiir»hal ineiei -I'd, in ('nii>e(iiU'ii('o nf their imluliledness in Inieii,'!! iniinirie-. .V lui ;e ainmiiil nl ('xikiiLs is nut always a true measure of the prn^perlI3• of a rminiry. .\ fanner wlm i» ilccpK in delil is "fteii under the necessity of |)rovidiiii,' li»r that ilehl ly selling nmie nl hi- slmk Ihan he laii well part with, and tn that exieni he diniinislies the priMiuclive |niwer nt his lai in , tnr metallic, it hit tries tn dn wilh five horses whal he rcipiires si.\ In dn pin|K-rly, in nnlcr llial he iiiav «cll tho ^ixlh In pay interest (III a deht, he iii(le».sl shnws a giealer aniniinl nl >alc> in the year. I'lil il i- at the expciiho nf his prosperity. Well, Sir. the rnilcd .Stales din in;,' ihe year ciidiiii; .liiiic .".(», 1S77. expnrled nf dnineslic prisliirN in gnjd value, $.">st>,(;'J(l, J'J 4 wnilli.nral anavcriiLrc |.cr Inad nftil2li5; Canada expnrled during' I hat year — and ymi all icincinlicr ilial the year IS71; 7 wm one of most llliexainpled dcpresrn. illiexaiiipled at ica.«l since the war l'«r>7 — llie\ciy wnrit year we had — tn the amount n|'$ti8, 0110, 546. or an averaije nltJU.-")" per h.'ad, U'liii; in c\c«'-s n| the I'liitod States exports at ths rale nf $,"). 46 per head. (Cheers.) (.V vniie--" llmv niiiili did we buy?") We Imiighl iinthing we have not hcen able tn pay I'nr. (Hear, hear.) I have :i taMe hero showing the entire exports al'nianiifactiired gisnls from the year iNiiO In the \eai I^Tii tmni the Uni'od .States. They exported in that year, when they had only a levi'iine taiill .-iii ii as we have now — that is in ISliO— with a |sppiilatinii of little overlhirly one iiiilllnii~, $.'iHi,2r.MJ.!. nr as nearly as possible $10 per head. Xnw, it was believed that wilh prntcctinii tnenaMe nianiiraeinrers to accomplish a cmnplelo estahlishineiit of Iheir business, the prixtuetiDn nf ihc coiiiiir\ wmijil he so increased that they wmild he able to HimkI foreign markeiN with their priMlmc. Well, mi-, what was the result ? In 1877, after seven years nf a protection periixl, the exiHUts of nianiilaeliiicil goods had ilecreased to 87.67 ])er head, so that as protcctinn advanced the expni is nl gnmls decrease*!, and it was only after 1871, when a serious ami cniiiinuous stagnalinn iilliiiMncsN net in, and tho maiiiifactiires of the United Slates were cnmiK'lled to sell ai any prices which cmild he reali/.ed, when they were compelled to sell in order to pay their delits and prevent their niaii- uluctoiics and mills being shut up, that there was a slight rally in the ratio nf the expnrt of liianafactnrcd gonils. And even in 1876, when they wore sending i;nnii. I do imt fm-gel tliat I have risen to the pisilinii I now nceiipy liniu the ranks of the workiiiLcniaii. 1 have done my full share of the hard wnrk nf tins wnild. (Cheers) Hut I would he soi-ry indeed to see amongst my tellnwcniinlr^ineii .-inli an aliNcntu of thought and intulligcnce as would imiiice them to adopt a system which cniild only le-iill in beggar^' and sertdnm. (C'lieers.) What docs il matter tn wnrkiiif^nicn whciher ymi ac in sub- jection to Millie tyrants wlm doles out lo ynii what he pleases as wage-i, nr whether ymi itio under the tyranny of laws which prevent ynii buying where ymi jdea^e and selling wjn'ie vnu like/ (Cheers ) That is the poini wo have to cnmo to. Whal was the coiiditinn of tht^ w.iruin^^niau during this ])eriod of which I have striven to give j-mi a brief histiuy, illu-tiated by liL;iii'ei which cannot he controverted ? Sir, the workiiiginan's wages iindoiibtcilly rnsc, and takiiiL; the average wages of about twenty classes of artisans, embracing all eiig.'iged in the ImiMIii ; trade, and all engaged in the leading manltictures. the wages rn^e abniu (in per eeni. from 1S60 lo 1870; that is, the man who was getting a ilnllar in I8ii0 in tho United Slates, daily wages, was getting $1 liO a day in 1^70. Nnw, Sir, thi.. tact simply statetl would seem to bear out the prnpositimi that prniectinii is bciiclieial tn ihn labouring man. Hut, Sir, wilh tho rate of wages the jniee of malerinls rose in .-i still higher ratio. (Hear, hear.) Rents rose in a still higher r;ilio; everyihiiii,' that it was n<'ees..ai'v I'nr the workinginan to have — overything that was cnnducive In his health and livelilinnd— rnso in the prnportinn nf !I2 per ceiil. as sigaiiist the 60 jter cent, that wages ro-e. (Ilciir, hear.) It due-, not matter to you or 1110 whether our w»ges are ailollar or a shilling, if the jirii e of cnniiiindilio.-* correspond. Why, Sir, 150 years tign a shilling wniild^gn furtlier in Knuliind than two uiil imw, and if it look SI 02 to buy what mily 8 I 60 was given to piinlia-e, the labniiring man, a-- \iiii will see, wasiftUS40 ."2 |)ei' cent, wmsu olf than he was before liie pintcclimi eia cntiiineMieil. IJiil whal is tlie state of matters now? From 1870 down lo 1877 tlieio has been a sleady ileelinaluio of wages in the United Stales, and at this moment the I'nited Slales labmncr and ariihan gcN less wages than the Canadian labourer ami artisan — positively le-.s in animint, and very t'ar less in the purchasing power of that aiiioiiiit. If you desire In protect a parliciilar imlii^iry, >nii imisl either prnlect all other industries at the same time, or ynu take a emirse iininst In the pen- pie ; and, if ynu prnlect all industries alike, that means raising prices universally, (mt nni making thorn a bit belter. If, for inslaiue, I have lo go to the bulclier and pay him 15 cents liir what l bought before for ten, what does it aiiimint to if my wages are live cents an iimir more? I>e[)eiiil ui»nii it, the best i)olicy for any country is ono iimlor wlmh \mi raise simply the aniniint of taxes that is necessary lo carry mi tho allairs nt' tin) State ; not one which reiiuires the community lo pay taxes to any nieniber nf it, Iml mio which iii.-ikes the cnuntry as cheap a country as ynu can live in. (Hear, hear.) For it is where there is a cheap livelihnnd ti>r the wnrkingnian that the woikiiignian is the nmsi prn>|ierniis. ,Sir, these gentlemen speak Iniidly idMiiil |)rnlecling our imliistrie-. What dues prnteeim;,' niir industries mean? They talk. Sir. abmil being the friends of the wnrkingnian, iho'c wlin aro thus clamouring to get ymi lo put your necks in the noose, and to accept a |inliiy « hii h vvmild be utterly fatal to ymir happiness and ])rosperily, and to the weltiire and prn~pci'ity nf ibn country, nf which every wmkingmun is a unit. (Cliee s) Now, Sir. U'l iis take a glai ce ut tho effect of even the existing tariff upon the priKluctinns of the cnimtry. Vmi are awaie ll : t boots and shoes are made extensively in Canada, and 3-011 are also aware that the duty iijinn iliat article is 17i per cent. So far as we are able in tell, the census nl IS71 being taken a-i iln' authority, tho value of the boots and shoes consumed in Canada in If 70 was 816, KiV''"^' Sow, ■iinHmniniBiiinaf TTffWWW^ - Ili.-ii li.r :ni III w, \, I III' rii>i iiiiii) A ij\i III 1- ,1 \ ■ I '. 1 1 ii -iiiihlc lap irt IT III! iiiiiiiiilHi'lui I aji I II :-iilin'\vliitl i>iii> It I'liiii.ol I «.' ili'iiiuii lliut it' I'liii-'iiiMfr.i ol llii» C'ltitiH y |i(iy I'i ci'Mln liir fvi'iy liiilJHr'M wuiili tln'V |iiii'rliii!*(', llic}' |my very lii;,'li iinliuil |i;r till' III' UM'tiDii o| ilii! tiiniiillii'liiiiT ot rwrv (-Hult! cIhhp- dI gixxlh ili tliin ruiililiy. (llt'iir, liciir.; Sow, Nr, I triay Miy tliiii if tli{ coiintry In the worlil — till' I Illy coMiiiiy, I nmy ^lly, ot any knul w iutli Ihin ilulilic'iKiuly Rilo|iti.'U iw h mailer of jiiiiii i|.li a iMi.iiiiivr imill- ilic ri'-iill |^ ihf iltwluirlioh ol llnir liiuniit'»f turcrh, tlic closing ol tlicir iiiiil<, iiHlo'il till' liijluri' ot tiiaiiy ot lliuir iiiaiiiil'arturi'i>. Jtiit it in haiii " Look lit the iiiini- Icr III Itnliii fx in CiiiianH." ( aiinila mil' t, no il'iilii, Millur iri eomiiion will) all couiitik-M ut u tiiiio wlu'ii tiiulc !■• M'Viri'h ilfi)ii'>>t'il <)\of the wliolf winld, Imt during tlif first (|iitirlur oi'llic jjiu.toiit yi'ur ilii' lailuri'H in the Cniiwl SiatcH wom «H'».tHHl,OtJO, an ugainnt |G'J,()(M»,000 in lb7ti ; wliilo wu liail ol taili.ii's iliii'iii^ iliu ia>t tlirou niuiitli:«, iiini> inillioiiR against 7^ millioiiH in Ib'ti — slii.wiii^ tlu! |(io]ioriiiin of lailures with tlii' I'nilo'J 8tai«<|iiii lioii ol tiiiliiM- in CiiiiikJh. Now ii is statud on tho other hand that the Uniied folates iiianiiimai.ierB are, to u guat i>xtunt, depuiident U]n>n ibrelgii cupitiil, and ihiit ilieii' tiiilii.ei tiie caused hy u liicN of eii|iital in thu country. TIiIm in u gieiii nijslake, and it i> >howii to he a misinlxo In this fad — that you CJiii got nioiioy in Now Voik ul till' |irc»ciit time ii|iiim goinl heiunty al tlirco to live por cent., and wo know that tho L'liiied Mates lm\e wiiliin iiie lant nine nionili« sold t<> their own ciiiaonit iioaily 101), 000,000 of lioiiii- wliicli only yield an inteiost of f mr per cem. Tho liict in that tho utter tuiluro of tho nmiiiitac ui'cs ol the ciiiintiy to ]iii'' dividends to their stoekholdorn has indured tliu cupilaliHts ol ihat eoiiiitiy to wiihhojii tiio ii'.aiidant cfipital which they pobsef>H from iiiMttttiiont in that ^ way; and iluy iiie invosiing it in any way which will bring to thorn a rciwonablo amount of A. iiiieio>t. Now, .Sir, let iis Inok at tho total imports and ox|X)i ts of ditfoioiit cIiishob of goodH into thin coiiiitiy. 'inking thopidiiuctsoftliomino, wo had in 1877 a total importation of i4,;i87,000 and an expoi Kiiion ot C3,tJV8,'. (W. Of tho importation of pi-oducw of tho tuino, tho chief item — the Item which comjirisoh aim >st tho whole amount — w«« coal. The im]Kirtiition was 97-,ti9''{ tons, with a viiliiat;on of 8a,ti(J (,000. Now, 1 would like to know from my friend, Mr. Hay, if he IS fnvouiable to a tax upon ■ al — (Hear, hoar) — if he bolievos, or if any ono holicveei, that a tux upon the ci ul which we u to light our household fires, to keep our inanufactorie* going, and run our iiiilways and steiiniers, i.s likely to bcndil the iuduutries of this country ? (" No, no."; Jii addition to this, it Ih known that coal is a prime necessity for our groat railways, thereby fiicilitaiing and cheapening the transport of tho pioduc'.ionb of the country from tho interior to tho soahoani, and it would, therefore, in this case, be ono of the most serious mistaken thai could bo made to tax this mineial product. No, Sir, it is not contended that It would benefit tlio couniry, Mnd no Ministry hat evei- lives will dare to impose a tax upon one of the first necessaries of Ige. (Great cheering.) Another principal iiom is that of salt. Of that artiolo we imported last yeai- three millions of bushels. Now we have vast deposits of salt in Canada, and it would no doubt bo benoUcial to the Ontario salt producers to prohibit tho impoiiaiioii of nalt, which coinea to tho Maritime Provinces almost entirely from iJiigliiml. But, on tho other hand, to do this would be to dejirive our fishermen of tho means ot cheaply preserving the product of ihoir industry; and when I say that our o.\- poris of lisli last year amouniod to 86,874,000, you w ill see that to impose such a duty as would prevent the import of salt would only be ruining one interest b^' promoting another interest. Of pioilucis of the forest there were imported into Csnada last year $1,326.0UU worth, and wo ex- ported ,0 the amount of 823,tJtJ6,000. -Docs anyone believe — can ir.iyone in his sonsos holiovo — that we could rui-c the price of luaber to the lumber doalors by imiwsing a duty upon an article that we |iraciically do not import at all. Tho thing would bo impossible. Then lot us take animals and their prcxiiice. Of those we imported la,t yojn-, to the amount, altogether, of about six millions and n-hult in round numbers, while we ex|K)rted fifteen and a-half millions, showing that we were able to export two and a half tinio> iho amount we imported, and showing also that. ulmoKt oar whole imports of animals and llii-lr prfnlucts were merely brought into the countrj- tor the sake of re-exportation at tho other end of tho couniry; and" to lot you see how hulicr(i»is is the proposal to put a pioiective duty on animals and their products, I liavo but to mentiiin that while there were exported 159,573 tlieep lust year from Ontario to tho United Stales, wo only imported seven sheep altogother troni that country. (Laughter.) And yet tho protectionist wunis to lax ihese seven shoip to as great an oxtent'as the Aiiicricaiis tux our 150 and odd thousands. (Laughter.) This is the way they propose thiit we should enrich ourselves. Ot agriculiiiri.l products, that is, grains and bicadstuffs generally, we imported liwt year — and everyone will renieinber that v,ti» a very bad year, that itWas one of the worst years we over had — nixieen million.s and a half in round nunibers of dollars wor:b. But then we exported of them, even in that bad year, 19,000,000^ dollai-s worth iu round numbers, showing that it would bo impossible liy any tax to give tho farmer a larger price lor his protluco than he now i'ecei\ (•>. Lei us assume for a moment that by taxing foreign grain or flour we could keep it out "•".Vy, it i- -OBitjJe that the workingnien of Toronto would ask us to tax the bread they '' • '. ">'• ) Vet. .^ :, that, is exactly what tho leaders of tho Conservative party are asking I! ir Tl'.ey say that if flour was taxed it would raise the prices to tho miller, but if it did raise lUe price it would be done at tho expense of the |>oor man who has to purchase it. (Hear, boat.) Sir John Maidonald statoti in his speech in the Eastern Townships that if wo happened new works on the Wellaiid Canal — that at least one'half, if to Imve a dclii ieni harvest our own priiducors shoud reap the advantage of fcuch prices as could ployed there are Americans, who have come over because thi leiniooMil I y the levying of n duty on fijieign breadstuffs. That is, thf'' our buyers of bread owii side of the line. (Hour, hear.) You will find also that sliouid b(? coinpulied to pay high prices or starve. Let us shut out these f , • ign products and get States there are thousands upon thousands of idle men who a.s inucli as we can. by consuming our own, and that is equivaloi i to sayii ^ that as a matter of ating a state of terrorism which has had no example in that pill lie policy it is right lo lax the very bread which tho poor man eats, the coal he burn.s, and the oil cause the protectionist has ruined its trade, and there are m he coii-unu-. (Hear, hear. J 1 now give you lyi extract from a reiurn which was not pub- — a burden u|)on the rest of tho country. It has depressed tl lished lo show what the result of last year's harvest was — the fli'st good harvest wo have had for tod their power to bu3' goods tW>ni the manufacturer. All th -(>nie vein s. ihoii-h not mi productive a one aswe expected to rea]). For the nine months ending and at such a cost, that they cannot be exported to foreign c II c ;jlst ot Maicli we iinporied alto;;olher $11,074,000 worth of tho farm — that iy of grain and we take any pride in the policy of the Empire to which we b (•'lour — and we expoi toil during the same peritxl $:iO,85i,017 worth, or very nearly $10,000,000 our plan is politically to keep on all-fours with the rest of th more iliaii we im)ioricd. Now, sir, what was this used lor ? We imported it as a matter of mony with that of the Mother Country in trade and in every Hide, and il. ill triuii' gives employment to our vessels and steamships, Wo have five distinct { to act in unity with her. But those men — these Tory leader .ine> ot s;. iini>liips :• ailing from the jioit of Montreal to the European ports, while tho United r very salt of theeju-th as to loyal tyr— to be the means of prose .•MI..CS. Willi loiiNcighi millions ol people, are able to maintain only one lino consisting of but j uectiou — who are constantly denouncing myself or some of how he pro|jositiou have utterly fa which their news|)a|)ers and their s|ieakei's have in the most the Government, and, knowing that they could not esttiblis Iho confidenco of the electors, and they raise the ory of prote over (hear, hear), then, Sir, you will find that Providence hu n goo existence would not be much longer. Now, Sir, in discussing respect to reason. There is no objection to the Tories, if the elections with, but let them take care that it does not invol which I have been discussing to-night. But, Sir, it may give t of demagogues, and that is to act |>olilically a dishonest and di of the gentlemen, Dr. Tupper, say when we proposed to add a in 1674 for the purpose of obtaining revenue enough to meet i nounced it with the most intense vigour, declaring that he op thin edge of the wedge of protection, (hear, hear, and laugl drive into its head at the first (>p|>ortunity. That, Sir, was ' tho eloution. Last year was a year imineJiately preceding ; forgot the horror that he had of the wedge of Protection i political standard which he could Hoat witli a degree of re coming contest. (Cheers and laughter.) Ttiat is simply wh is nothing more in it. It is as hollow as it is posmible lor it I will ever induce the thoughtful )>olitical man to swerve from i man at tho ]iresent day. I do not know an English stutesi back on tho })oliey which the majority in Groat Britain were tho most remarkable s|ieoches ntado on tho subject lately wiu present Chaneollor of the Exchequer. He ])0intod out in on« a-half ago that no person made a uroater mistake than to it any great party, or any party at all, iu Groat Britain, to iid during its existence, had retarded the prosperity of the couni so effectually promotes its industries Now, SiT, their tl this — in a time of commercial depression, which we all ad pwr, the true way to make them rich fc* to make them laughter.) That is the panacea that is proscribed for Hufloring. It carries absurdity on its face. Nothing coul man than a statement that we can mako ourselves ri^i by make and wear. If you tax tho shoemaker's goods for tl tailor, you must tax the tailor and the linen dra|)er to cnnpi will bo 'so much the jjooror by the cost thtit it takes to put ih " Time, time.'') In pursuing tho course »vo have taken, we consideration on our side. We are able to |K>iut out recoid of the United States for tlie last seventeen years, from tho time that she adopted her revenue tariff j)olic; the univereal wreck and ruin of the other. (Hear, hear.) i( C no bettor footing as to geographical and physical consii (Hear, heai*, and cheers.) You will find on ail our public wc n llillu. (Hear, Itl'ill . ) ll IllU'l l>L' |iuUlil lo II. luilnlr. Ill' v\rl\ I u iiiDloilivi- |nili'y wiiuM lit', 111 till- tirnt iiliin:. Ill UcwIn'V "III' ■u ii> r:ij-u ilitt prill' "t rviirylliiii({ tin* \viiikiiiK'ii>>'ii c<>iiituiiie , iiiiil iMiliiuru lliu fiitire tiiiiuing ]Mi|iuluiiiiii, unci miik'IuvIi twontlvili* •>(' ii'.i- 111 uliort iiuurlv all our [lopulation. Wo Imvu huie no gnat ml iart livui tllO^0 wlio aro piHctiially wnikingineii. Wi- c liavu ull lo bear our hhuru ol' tliu ItiinlLMiM iln|iiiH«HJ U|ii)n Ui ; wu ■- iiu nieiniN ot uiconn to u iiiinu ot'wuultli, whicli wuulil eiiablu ui tiiiii igquiiudi antt 1 vviiiuio my ropuiuliun, whutuvcr il tiiuy Iw I tliu ullaiiii ot tlio ^Slatv, that lliuro i** not a oiuii at tliiit moinvnt in ill tho OppoBiliiiii laiiki* wlio will propound u policy by I'oliiliil toruigii gondii Hiiil laibu a rovunue at tL« iMmu timu) II a ptilicy thuy arc eiuvuror meu tliaii I take tliem to l>«>. (Clieera.) iiticiioii iv Kiniply ailclUBivo one to uicomplinh a pi'CKont pui-|)(iHO. Ill' Opiwuiliou lia\f utterly tailwl to OBlablinh oim binglo charge j ilii'lr h|H.'Hki'rti havuiii iliu luoit cowai-iJIy inaniiur iiixinualeti aguiiHt ng I hill tliuy could noi entablioh any charge which would alieniitoj mid th«y riiibtt thu cry of piotuctioii But let the eleotiuiiM onio bo (lu will tind tliul I'loviduncu ban coinu to their aid, and given tliutii >ny, or something ul.-o will be Haid to happen. "The country iit thut it wiw when these men were in. " I ip.il s\ lii'iii now I 1 iii-ii We ha ip|X)ril wu U ll ll ll ivf *e ilii'ie, iMt iBin.in I we h.tve .idoplci! i ^rhcini- itft ixiliui whirh i« uniform , *ru\ (tiivcrr ed I liry ,ip|iolitically a dishonest and disreputable part. Why, what did oiie , say when we proposed to add a two-aud-a-hair per cent, to the tariff ituining revenue enough to meet the wants of the country ? He de- nse vigour, declaring that he opposed it because it was entering the lotcction, (hear, hear, and laughter), which we would undoubtedly It op|iortunity. That, iSir, wa«t what ho thought immediately atler a year immeJiulely preceding another election, and, thorelbre, ho ltd of the wedge of Frotectiuii in 1874 in his desire to have some could float Willi a dogroe of respectability above bin head in the d laughter.) Tl»»t in simply what this election cry means. There at> hollow us it is possible lor it to be, mid nothing that can be said t'ul iK>liticttl man to swerve trom the opinion of every English states- do not know an Knglish btutesmun at this moment who would go 3 majority in Great Britain were wu on all-fours with the rest of the Empire, to keep our policy in har- r Country in trade and in everything else where it is possible for us it these men — these Tory leaders who claim continually to be the yalty: — to be the meaus of preserving this country to British con- denoiuiciUjg myself or some of my associaties in the political ranke prosperity of the country, and against a system which now s. Now, Sif, their theory reduced to a very few words is we have brnu^ht out rfsponsiMc rtuvcrnmrnf to a state of the utmost ri.mnlif«*iii".< \l| thi«i<'>winc lo the etfhrts — to the vigoumus effort* — to the battle fought by thr I.ilHft.i'H li.ill a orr.luiv a^jo. (Cheers ) Sir, who doci not remember the dav when those •«am<- Iriinil'* nt ihi- Morkink;iiii'ii iliiit the doors of our L'nivtrsily against him .' No one cmilil co lo th it I'niverjitv iinli'tA he bi-tiine a subscriber to the Thirty nine .\riicles and became a member of the ("hurch of Kri'l tml It wis monnpniized by thin one denomination, and the seventh of our l«nd wan devoted lo the establishment of a dominant I'hurch by the Tory party. It wa« by the vij:oroii>i dflerinin.ition and the persevering elTorts of the liberal parly, a vast number of whom U'lon^; to that s.ime Church, that the power was wrested from a single denomination, and that the Universitv wan opened to every man and upon terms that the humblest son of the humblest workinirmaii mtv tind his way to the position which I now occupy. (Cheers) I observe you have the motto up here tivniuht. " Alexander -Mackenzie, a first class mechanic." I>o you think it wmilil have boen (H)ssil)li- for anv class mechanic in the days of ihr Family Compact to have been in thit position. (Cheers The Tories — who assume with James I., from whom they seem to to have all ilescended— t laughter ) — lor they are all apparently in political ethics, adout as imbecile as he w.«»— a divine rii:ht to rule. I saw not long ago in a Tory paper an accusation made against myself that I wis .illowint; the (Mior workingman to be robbed of his wages by contractors. What are the facts'.' One of our con- tractors on the Ottawa lliver failed to carry out his contract. I withheld enouch money from him to enable me to pay between SHOOO and $10,000 to the poor workingmen who were in his employ. and who, but for that action of the Government, would have been left wiihoiit a cent. (Cheers. ) We initiated a system of letting public works by contract, under which contractors were com|>elled to give security to the Government for the execution of their undertakings, either uyxm real estate or in the shape of deposits of money or other securities. Well, Sir, one who gave such security broke down on one of the canal contracts the other dav ; one of his sub contractors walki d otT with tl2,U00 of money the contractor obtained from the Government, leaving only •.'i. 000 or SO, HOO in our hands, and owing t'iO.OOO to the workingmen. As it happened, we had 914,00(t in mir hands as security, and we were able to despatch one of our clerks lo Montreal trom whom everyone of those workingmen received his pay, (Cheers.) These men and newspapers who make such accusations know also that I compelled some contractors on the public works to terminate a system some of them had of paying their mon by giviiii,' them oiilers for goojs -tho oM truck system — and to pay thorn every week or fortnight in cash the wholn of their vvjii;i