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'Sf 'v- "U" ly "b" "hf "w "v ''v 'v "v 'sc 'V ""V ^S' ''^ '"S" •'w ty j REGULATIONS FOR THE SALE OF LANDS -OF THE- CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. ^T'HE Canadian Pacific Railway Company offer for sale some of the finest Agricultural I^nds in Manitoba and the Northwest. The VfcJr lands belonging to the Company in each township within the railway belt, which extend^ twenty-four miles fro.n each side of the mam line, will be disposed of at prices ranging FROM 82.60 PBR ACRE UPWARDS. ^ (These regulations are substituted for and cancel those liitherto in force). If paid for in full at time of purchase, a Deed of Conveyancje of the land will be given ; but the.p.urohaser may pay one-tenth in cash, aiid the balance in payments spread over nfhe years, with ipterest at six per cent, per annum, payable at the end of the year with each instalment. i*ayments may be^made in Ladd Grant Bonds, which will be accepted at ten per cent, premium on their par value, .with accrued interest. These bonds can be obtained^ on application at the Ban\ of Montreal, or at any of its agencies in Canada or the United States. ' @S^XiS»AEr COStPITIONS. • ■ • All sales are subject to the following general conditions : 1 . All impfovements placed upon land purc^^Kised to be maintained thereon until final payment has been made. 2. All taxes and assessments lawfully in>posecJ upon the land or improvements to be paid by the purchaser. 3. The Company resecve from sale, under tlieae regulations, all mineral and coal lands, and lands containing timber in quanti- ties, stone, slate and marble quarries, lands with water-power thereon, and tracts for town sites and railway purposes. 4. Mineral, coal and timber lands and quarries, and lands controlling water power, will be disposed of on very moderate terms, to persons giving satisfactory evidence of their intention and ability- to utilize the same. ~ Liberal rates for settlers and their effects will be granted by the Company over its railway, , Detailed Prices of Lands and all iaformation relatiogf thereto can be obtained on application to the Land Comniissionei«._^„ . ' ~ ' - Canadian Pacific Railwajr, Winnipes'' " - - .'^.B-^lj;^ C P / ^ '■arasT*mr*:«n ••• jmc I ^^ ^ fJ^ m^^jj^ HMN 1^ X B Ot% I*]:**. k.lMTUI* ^ ii 0^ i 7r £ 1^,^ I Botgpn. '^OuM*'^ SO V, ▲ K (lUlFs! iL^ .»*^' x^'' KiB saMB; 1 nK «^t| n ij^^ tar2^»«M.r^ !^^ *^kXi»i"/7J "aT^SErCf — **^ Jl>r Tx\\* ^immJIHsSI \«'V« :«^ li^ fil ^S v -■."•^.■'" l-Wfll. *:v-aity^A:^iiJjS&. SKf^i'^^k^f* j^,;^^^^ r^/ 3gg^& 1 terfiEgSSXl S-^WHE. ^ l^^^-t^. iT;#^S±Sfi|MI ^Hg^Mi 8 »«^ Shier tinx X«WM«lllc «lna«Mr' •»»• •*'*-»2b: . :^ ..._ ^ V. MM?! '^/ .^ // i<»V Ttp- 1" H hi > 9fl * -* 1 Tir.T< ^^P^ M 1 ii mniiim T u » rh. tsirr "•••••■•■fj **I4 ;r^^ tMt [**«»*,I.|i*fSl!& 5?V' *«ft„M»rJ *-s.* "iP^^ 1 A\\V\ f^V.ir;^' I(, ' 'A ■ -t*f" V-,^^ 's^ -.: I. AND ITS CONNECTIONS. (MBltOA^TOR rRCffBOnOM.) . .. .""'" ft' liliMmm^ *«■ mm C mam liil ca«h, a| each ir ,wlth ao ' United ties, slj t.» per y < .>..i' y^ ^o l—HlWi— I W^»iW»>**'**i*M^— 1 I .1 si ^ I /• p \ 1 ^v., n 4 'I FARMING IN MANITOBA. EXPERIENCE - OF - ACTUAL - SETTLERS. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. Circulars asking information drawn from personal experience in agriculture, and calculated to he useful to persons intending to settle in the Canadian North-West, were lately adi^essed to a large number of the farmiii}.' residents of that I'rovince. These farmers were known to be men of intelligence and pro >ity, desirous of aiding, to the best of their ability, anyone thinking of making for himself a new home on the prairies. Of the circulars referred to, which contained no less than forty-four (juestions, a large numl)cr have t)een returned, fully replied to. The information they contain is circumstantial, exact, and of the utmost utility ; and the earliest opportunity has been taken to put it into print. In arranging the contents of these circulars for this publication, similar questions have been grouped into classes, under which have been collated the accompanying answers. This avoids confusion, and enables the reader to get, all at once, the testimony in reference to a particular subject, without having to mix with it what relates to a different topic. This book is only a first instalment ; and, it must be remembered, relates wholly to the Prcnnnie of Manitoba. Ai. additional answers are received they will be published and distributed. Jk i^.. <.A«><^ -^ ■'■■^^ h^-r^% CLEAR EVIDENCE OF SUCCESS. w 8 I. -SOIL AND CAPITAL. It will be noticed in the first of the replies to the following questions that the majority of those furnishing answers have been only half-a-doien years in •he country. Many of them had nothing at all beyond the bare land when they began, and some were in debt ; yet these seem to have done about as well, — that is, have increased the value of their property by as large a percentage,— as have the more fortunate men who had considerable capital to begin with. This shows conclusively that in the Canadian North-West the chances are relatively as good for the poor man as for his richer neighbor. There seems to be some ambiguity in some cases as to whether the correspondents, in answering the third question, have incluiled the value of their improvements in their estimates, or have given only the value of the land alone. In the description of the soil there is great uniformity ; and it appears that Manitoba everywhere has a thick, almost black, top-soil of clayey (sometimes sandy) loam, underlaid with a great depth of gravels and clays. i^ :ar 1. — fVAen did you settle in Manitoba ? 2. — How mtuh capital had you f Questions : 3. — ly/iat do you consider the present value of your farm i 4. — What is the general nature and depth of soil on your farm Answers : Name and Address, — Manitoba. John J. Cochrane, Deloraine W. J. Ilelliweli, Ralphton Albert E. Philp, Brandon John Q. Sumner, Arnaud William Corbett, Springfield Agenor Dubuc, Lorette Thcmas A. Sharpe, Adelpha W. B. Thomas, Cypress River Geo. Forbes & Sons, Treherne F. W, Stephenson, Bill Vieiv S. W. Chambers, IVattsviejv Norris Fines. Balmoral g-s -i a 0) S was n S 1879 $ 100 $2,000 1878 46 1,600 1881 700 2,000 1878 500 2,600 1870 600 5,000 1874 100 5,000 1877 None 7,000 1871 None 2,000 1882 3,600 6,600 1883 6,000 12,000 1879 None 6,000 1878 None 2,000 Character of Soil. Black clay loam, 18 in. deep, with heavy clay subsoil. Black sandy loam, 2 ft. deep. Dark sandy loam, mixed with clay. Black loam, 4 in. deep ; clay subsoil. Black clay, 2 or 3 ft. deep. Loam, 3 to 4 ft. deep. Black loam, underlaid by yellow clay. Black sandy loam, 2^ ft. deep, with clay subsoil. From 2J to 3 ft. of black soil, as rich as I have ever seen in a garden in Ontario. 6 in. to 1 ft. of loam, with clay subsoil. Rich loam, 18 in. deep, overlying clay subsoil, patt sandy loam. Sandy loam. i t Name and Address. — Manitoba. Geo. G. Downie, Crystal City. . . W, B. Hall, Headingly James R. Routley, Carberry. . . . Alfred Pickering, Austin R. Dunsmore, Bridge Creek Harold Elliot, Morden Thomas D. Perdue, Richlands. . . R. S. Conklin, Sunnyside B. R. Hamilton, Neepawa Alfred Walker, Shepardvilk .... D. D. Buchanan, Griswold S. F. Burgess, Seeburn J. G. Elliott, Shadelaitd Chas. Findlay, Skoal Lake P. J. McNajghton, Raven Lake. John George, Nelson James Laidlaw, Clearwater . ... Andrew Johnston, Mowbray. . . . Alex. Naismith, Millford George M. Yeomans, Dalton. . . . Charles C. Oke, Fair-wood William Thompson, Holland Thomas Frame, Virden Thomas Hagyard, Pilot Mound. Richard Brown, Langvale C. Wheatland, Donore Henry Last, Stonewall Stephen Birks, Barnsley F. S. Menarey, Cartwright. . . ■ Albert McGuffin, Melgund Wm. Walton, Marrinffhurst..,, A. H. Carroll, Carrollton F. P. Westwood, Pendennis William Smith, Beaver Creek. . . . W S. Wallace. S/ieltmouth CT3 -a a u E .S^ « = S ^1 u V c4 Lb 1880 None $2,600 1858 $ 300 10,000 1883 20 2,200 1880 None 2,000 1880 None 2,000 1880 400 2,000 1881 800 1,600 1876 None 8,000 1880 None 2,000 1882 600 8,000 1880 None 1,200 1882 200 2,000 1880 None 10,000 1879 200 6,000 1882 160 2,600 1877 None 8,000 1881 800 4,000 1880 2,000 5,000 1880 1,500 4,000 1873 2,000 12,000 1882 100 3,500 1882 1,000 6,000 1882 800 6,000 1878 300 4,000 1882 800 4,800 1880 500 3,000 1872 160 1,600 1882 None 2,000 1885 400 1,000 1881 None 8,500 1885 None 3,000 1882 1,600 6,000 1880 300 8,200 1880 1,000 2,000 1881 160 1,000 Character of Soil. Alluvial deposit 3 ft. deep. Black clay loam, 1 to 2 ft. deep. Clay loam, 3 J ft. deep, with stiff clay bottom. Sandy loam, 2 ft. deep. Black loam, 18 in. deep. Level prairie, sandy soil. Clay loam, 2 ft. deep. Heavy black loam, 16 in. to 4 ft. deep. Rich black loam, 18 in. deep, with clay sub:>oil. Black mould, 2^ ft. thick, with clay subsoil. A heavy dark loam, sometimes mixed with sand. 1 ft. of black loam with clay subsoil. Black clay loam, from 2 to 7 ft. deep. Black loam, 1 to 2 ft. deep. Black loam, about 18 in. deep ; clay subsoil. Deep clay loam. Deep black clay loam. Black loam, 2 ft. deep, with clay subsoil. Black loam, 1 to 2 ft. deep, overlying clay. Surface, mellow, rich and black ; subsoil, porous clay About 16 in. of rich black loam ; the hills are gravelly. Sandy loam, of great depth. Clay loam, with sandy clay subsoil. Black clay loam. Soil varying from light to heavy, and from 12 to 24 in. in depth. Heavy black clay loam. 18 in, of black sandy loam. 18 in. of black loam. Sandy loam 2 ft. deep. Black sandy loam, over clay. A " quick " soil, varying in composition. Heavy, clayey, black loam. Light ; some clay, some sandy subsoil ; from 8 to 24 in. deep. Black luam. Sandy loam, 18 in deep nnimanfian •»»•••.., Name and Address — Manitoba. ubooil. lil. h sand. oil. porous clay i are gravelly. 12 to 21 in. in depth. cm 8 to 24 in. deep. Alex. Stewa:t, Castleavery . . . . Joseph, Tei;s, Manitou Geo. Gillespie, Greenwood. . . . R. Armstrong, Silver Spring . . Croton McGuire, Boissnain. . Wm. Summerville, Monte/luit . George U. White, Foxton James Muir, Douglas L. Wilson, Stockton D. W. Grimmett, Elm Valley. William J. Brown, Melita George G. Nagy, Rosscr Alvah Gilbert, Wukefield .... R. B. Wetherington, Douglas W. H. Bridgeman, Wellwood. . . . T. H. Jackson, Minnedosa Victor, Major, St. Boniface John Duncan, Austin Wm. A. Doyle, Beulah Matthew Kennedy, Lot hair Geo. Bowders, Balmerino John A. Mair, Souris M. (i. Abey CKater William Lindsay, Eimrson James Drury, Rapid City James Little, Oak River J. Connell & Son, Creeford A. Davison, Green Ridge John Spencer, Emerson Y. A. Brydon, Portage La Prairie. Thomas McCartney Roland McDonald, Lowestoft Wm. H. Wilson, Deloraitte S3 ^ a V B U n b. H Capi Pres Val of Fa 1882 $1,000 $2,000 1879 500 2,600 1873 None 3,000 1879 1,000 2,000 1879 1,600 6,000 1883 3,000 6,000 1674 800 2,000 1880 1,200 3,000 1881 1,000 4,600 1882 100 1,000 1881 None 1,600 1879 1,000 2,400 1884 600 2,000 1879 40 3,000 1883 None 1,600 1878 100 6,500 1869 3 6,000 • > . • 100 4,000 1878 1,000 6,000 1874 None 4,800 1882 3,000 4,P00 1877 460 6,000 1880 None 3,600 1879 600 4,000 1880 160 1,700 1879 1,000 6,000 1882 1,500 3,000 1871 200 6,000 1881 1,000 9,600 1876 750 6,000 1878 None 8,000 1879 1,800 3,000 1882 300 6,000 Character of Soil. Black loam and hay land. Black Icam, 10 to 20 in. deep, with shale subsoil. Fine sandy loam, with clay subsoil. Deep black loam, with good clay underneath. Black loam, 2 ft. deep. Black loam. Black loam, 1 ft. deep. From 12 to 18 in. of black, heavy soil, and then a subsoil of clay. Black loam 12 in. deep, with clay subsoil. Black and heavy clay loam. Black clay loam, with clay subsoil. A heavy soil about 4 ft. deep ; level plain and hay land. Sharp, light sandy loam. Partly sandy loam, and the rest heavy black clay, about 4 ft< deep. Deep black loam, with sandy subsoil. Black loam, 6 to 37 in. deep. Heavy black loam. Sandy and clayey loam. Sandy loam and heavy clay, 1 to 10 ft. of good soil. Sandy loam, 18 to 24 in. deep. Black loam, with clay subsoil of great depth. Clay loam, 18 in. dccn. Heavy clay loam. Black soil, 2 to 4 ft. deep. Thick black loam, on clay subsoil. 2 ft. of very rich black loam. Black loam, overlying clay. Rolling prairie of black loam ; clay subsoil. Heavy black loam, very deep. Heavy clay, with 2 ft. of loam on top. Loam, 2 to 3 ft. deep. Sandy loam, 3 ft. deep. Clay loam 18 in. deep, with clay subsoil. II.-BEGINNING A FARM. The next group of questions refers to the beginning of a farm. The general opinion is, that the breaking of new land should be done in May or June, and back-set) ing as soon as the sod is well decomposed; the process of decomposition apparency takes about two months. Many correspondents Express preference for deep ploughing at first, and then harrowing only. It appears that oats, barley, rcot and wheat will yield a fair crop on land first ploughed, the same spring. The statistics as to cost of breaking and raising a crop vary with the locality, and also with the amount of timber or scrub encumbering the land . These circumstances also aflect the amount of a day's work, as will be seen by observing the answers following : Questions : 1. — IV/itn is the best time for breaking atid back-setting ? i.— Do you consider that a partial crop can be obtained the first year, off " breaking,'''' and if so, what is the best seed to S07U ? 3. — ffh:it is the cost per acre of breaking to a farmer doing his cnun work. 4.— What do you consider the cost per acre of preparing new land and sowing it with wheat, including seed and harvesting 1 h. — What kind of fencing material do you use. and what is its cost per rod ? Name and Address. — Manitoba. Date of Breaking. Back-setting. John K. Ross, Deloraine Early spring Before harvest. . James McConechy, Virden Early spring .... W. J. Helliwell, Ralphton May co June 15. George H. liaise, Brattdon Before June 30. . John Gumming, Minnedosa [May to July 7. . . Agenor Dubuc, Lorette June 15 to Aug. 1 W. B. Thomas, Cypress River, . . . June F. W. Stevenson, Hillview jMay to July . . . Robert Renwick, Carberry jMay or June , . . . Robert Campbell, Bridge Creek. . . 'June , Thomas D. Perdue, Richlands., . .\]w{t B. R. Hamilton, Neepawa |June and July. . . D. D. Buchanan, Griswold ..June and July. . . July 16. July 15. July 16. After 2 months. , Spring or fall . . . , After 2 months. . July and August . September. Autumn . . . Fall September. Can crop be taken oflF breaking. Potatoes, turnips, oats and flax do well No Oats do fairly well Got 10 bu. wheat and 76 bu. potatoes first year Not here Six to 10 bu. wheat Oats, potatoes or turnips No Wheat or oats Good wheat and barley Never succeeded Oats, potatoes or wheat in a moist season Do not advise it ost per acre eaking. U .a $2 60 1 60 1 26 2 00 2 00 3 00 1 60 2 00 1 60 2 60 1 60 2 60 2 00 Total cost per acre including Harvesting, $6.80, including board of 1 man 6 60 5, without help 9 00 7 00 7 00 7 20 first crop 6 00 to 7 00 8 00 6 00 6 76 Fencing and cost per rod. Poles, 20c. Wire, 18c. Wire, 18c. Wire and top rail 40c. Wire, 14c. Wire, 26c. Two wires, 20c, Wire, 26c. Rails and wire Rails, 10c. . ; wire, 20c. Wire Wire I C be done in May or June, correspondents express land first ploughed, the b encumbering the land . Wire and top rail 40c. Wire, 14c. Wite','iBc. Two wires, 20c, Wire, 26c. Rails and wire Rails, 10c.,; wire, 20c. Name and Address — Manitoba. Charles Findlay, SAoal Lake John George, Nelson J. G. Elliott, Shadeland A H. Scouten, Raven Lake William Thompson, Holland. . . . George E. Yeomans, Dalton ..,., Richard Bro^n, Langvale Cornelius Whe itland, Donore Stephen Birlcs. Barnsley F. S. Menarey, Cartwright. .... A. H. Carroll. Carrollton William S. Wallace. Shellinouth. Alexander Stewart, Castleavery . . Joseph Tees, Ma>. .m J. R. Routley, Carberry Oswald Bowie, Morden George C. Wright, Boissevain. . , W. J. Brown, Melila Robert B. Witherington, Douglas G. R Black, milwood George Jackson, Neepawa John Duncan, Austin William A. Uoyle, Beulah John A- Mair, Souris .... James Drury, Rapid City J. Connell & Son, Cretford E D. Younjj, Brandon Date of Breaking. Back-setting. June June June June June June June June and July. Early spring . . Spring May and June . June Before June 15 . . Spring May or June . . . . June Before July. . . , May and June . . May and June. . June June June June fune June Fune June Early fall. Fall August . August . Fall . . . After July 15. After harvest. May September. . . When ready. Fall September. . . October Early fall . . . . After harvest . When ready. .\ugust August When ready. September. . . October . . . , . October When ready. August August August Can crop be taken off breaking. o U Total cost per acre including Harvesting. If broken early and shallow ; oats— I have grown 45 bu., but it spoils the land Potatoes and turnips only It spoils the ground .... Half a crop in a moist season Yes— flax, barley and potatoes Not around Portage La Prairie, buc does well westward Sometimes when sod is not too dense Oats Wheat or peas Oats Oats sometimes succeed Oats ; as good as after back-setting. . . Wheat and oats may succeed, but not advisable Peas or potatoes Oats will do but spoils the land for two years It can ; oats or wheat In the wet season ; flax, oats or wheat. Haifa crop on light land Not here Twenty to 35 bushels Not profitable Yes — but oats and roots only Never done here Oats and potatoes Have known 40 bushels of oats Not advisable $2 60 4 00 1 85 1 60 1 50 2 50 1 60 2 00 1 75 1 00 2 60 2 60 2 60 3 00 2 50 2 60 2 00 2 00 60 00 50 00 60 3 00 1 25 $6 65 7 00 10 00 5 00 7 00 6 00 to 8 00 Fencing and cost per nxl. Wire, a6c. Wire, 16c. Wire Wire Poles, 16c. Wire (■) 00 Three wires, 26c. 6 00 Wire, BOc. 7 00 j None needed. 4 25 Wire 6 00 Wire and top rail. 6 00 Kails 9 00 None 10 00 ! Rails and wire, 2Sc. 7 50 I Wire 6 00 1 Poles 8 50 \ Two wires, 26c, 7 30 I Two wires, 30c. 11 00 I Two wires, a2c. 6 00 I One wire, SJc. 1 Rails, 26c. 5 50 Two wires, 28c. 8 00 Wire, 36c. 7 00 None used. 7 60 Wire, 20c. 6 60 None used. i Name and Address. — Manitoba. James Muir, Douglas Peter Campbell, Campbellvillt . . . M. G. Abey, C/iattr Wm. H. Wilson, Deloraine Roland McDonald, Lowestoft F. A. Brydon, Portage La Prairie. John Spencer, Emerson June June June May Before July 12.. June June D. W. Grimmett, Elm Valley. Andrew Davison, Green Ridge. L. Wilson, Stockton . .'. B. S. Conklin, Sunnyside George U. White, Foxton Ta. Wi ames Little, Oak River. , . . illiam Lindsay, Emerson Walter Gray, Chater Matthew Kennedy, Lothair . A. T. Tyerman, Lothair. Victor Major, St. Boniface John S. Martin, Rapid City George G. Nagy, Rosser Wm. S. Moody, Rounthwaite . . . T. Paynter, Beulah William Somerville, Monte/tore., . R. Armstrong, Silver Spring . ... Donald J. McQuish, Morden . . . . Robert Dunsmore, Bridge Creek. William MacDonald, Virden. . . . George Gillespie. Greenwood Donald Fraser. Emerson Date of Breaking. Back-setting. June June Early spring. Fall Fall July June and July. May and June. June May June June une une une une une Early After seeding . June June Spring Spring June August September . . . Early fall Before harvest . September . . . When ready . . August Fall When ready. July August August. August . October . . . August . . . . September. When ready. August September . . . Fall Fall July Can crop be taken off breaking. Not advisable Not advisable A partial crop of almost anything. . Not advisable Better not tr}' Not here Oats, ploughed in ; or ilax, on breaking, do well No Yes ; flax or oats Ten or 16 bushels Red Fyfe wheat . I have seen 30 bushels of flax Good on bushy land ; White Fyfe wheat Oats and potatoes ploughed in Have had 2S bushels in a wet season. Not desirable Nothing except roots, and only in a wet season Nothing except roots, and only in a wet season Half a crop of wheat or oats Ten to 12 bushels of oats or barley... No ; soil requires too much workmg . In a wet year oats or flax In a wet year oats or flax Bad policy Not as a rule Wheat, barley and oats Not to be trusted Yes ; of oats, potatoes and turnips . . . A three-quarters crop if started early . Half a crop of oats w g « S $2 00 2 60 2 00 00 00 00 1 76 1 60 3 00 1 00 3 00 2 00 2 60 3 26 2 00 00 00 76 26 25 00 76 00 60 00 2 00 2 00 I 75 Total cost per acre including Harvesting. $6 26 6 00 10 40 6 85 9 00 i 7 00 6 00 8 00 4 00 8 00 8 60 6 00 8 00 6 00 8 00 7 60 6 00 7 76 6 60 9 60 6 60 7 00 6 00 8 26 9 00 12 BO i 6 00 ! 10 fiO Fencing and cost per rod. Wire, 20c. Wire None used. Wire, 65c. Wire, 3£c. None used. Wire Wire, 25c. Two wires, 20c. Rails or wire None used. Wire, 20c. Two wires, 28c. Wire, 35. Two wires, 30c. Wire Two wires, 82c. None used. None used. Three wires, 32c. Rails Two wires, 3'2c. Kails Thick wire Fencing and cost per rod. Wire, 20c. Wire None used. Wire, 66c. Wire, 3£c. None used. Wire Wire, 25c. Two wires, 20c. Rails or wire None used. Wire, 20c. Two wires, 28c. Wire, 35. Two wires, 30c. Wire Two wires, 82c. None used. None used. Three wires, 32c. Rails Two wires, 32c. Kails Thick wire Name and Address.— Manitoba. R. E. Hopkins, Beresford William Smith, Beaver Creek F. T. West wood, Pendennis William Walton, Marringhurst . . . J. E. Stirton, Cartwright Henry Last, Slone^uall John Hooper, Middlechtirch Thomas Hagyard, Pilot Mound. .. Thomas Frame, Virden Charles C. Oke, Fairhurn Alex. Naismith, Millford Andrew Johnston, Mowbray James Laidlaw, Clearwater P. J. MacNaughton, Raven Lake. . S. F. Burgess, Seebiirn Alfred Walker, Shepardville Harold Elliot, Morden . John Q. Sumner, Arnaud. Henry McLeod, Carberry. Alfred Pickering, Austin. W. B. Hall, Headingly... George G. Downie, Crystal City. , Samuel W. Chambers, Wattsvieiw. Charles Wilson, Treherne , Thomas A. Sharpe, Adelpha , J J. Cochrane, Deloraine William Corbett, Springfield. .... Date of Breaking. Back-setting. June June June May After seeding. Spring June June June June June June June June June June June Early fall August August When ready . . . Before harvest . After harvest... October June . June . June . April June June June June June October August When ready . . . When ready . . • When ready . . August August July Before harvest . . Early fall. August . . . May , Early fall August Fall July or August . Spring or fall. . . Can crop be taken off breaking. No Not profitable. No Roots do well Only in exceptionally wet seasons. . Average crop in favorable weather . . Good crop of oats Oats, but do not recommend it Spoils the land Spoils the land Half a crop on light land Fair crop of oats and flax Not advisable Wheat does well ; barley belter Good crop of oats on light land Yes — flax Oats and turnips yield well in a rainy season Does not pay A fair crop of oats Oats or wheat if the season is wet .... A scanty crop on sandy loam, wheat or barley In loose soil and a damp season Oats Yes ; but not advisable Certainly ; oats or roots Oats or potatoes Not advisable ; but potatoes do best . . i«.f ss $8 60 2 60 1 60 2 00 2 00 00 00 60 00 00 60 2 00 60 60 50 25 60 50 50 50 2 60 2 50 2 00 2 00 2 60 2 00 Total cost per acre including Harvesting. $8 60 10 00 6 75 00 70 00 60 25 8 00 6 00 7 00 6 00 7 60 7 00 6 .-.0 7 00 8 00 6 50 8 00 10 00 6 2U 7 70 11 00 7 50 7 00 11 00 Fencing and cost per rod. None used. Wiie, 40c. Fo'ir wires, 40c. Poles Wire and rail Wire Wire, 86c. Wire Two wires, 20c. Wire, 17c. Wire, 16c. Two wires, 12c. Wire, 60c. Wire One wire, 10c. Wire Wire, 20c. Wire Wire Kails, 40c. Wire, 76c. Three wires, 85c. Wire None used. Poles, 20c. ma Ul III.-STATISTICS OF PRODUCTION. We have here statistics in regard to their principal crops, from about 125 farmers, in all quarters nf Manitoba, as furnished by the yield of the season of 1887. It will be seen that very few crops of wheat averaged less than 26 bushels to the acre, and quite half reached or approached an average of 80 bushels. A score or so report 35 or more bushels per acre, and a few from 40 to 46. These are not the products of small patches under especially favorable conditions, but genera! results upon large farms. One record of 46 bushels an acre, from 80 acres, will be noticed, as an example. Similar statistics are given for oats and barley. Oats, it will be seen, often yield an average of 60 to 80 bushels, and barley of 60 bu!>he's. These are good crops, but equally good ones are reported in the list of roots ; potatoes, it appears, yielding 300 to 400 bushels as a rule, and sometimes much more ; turnips, 1,000 bushels in some cases ; carrots, 400 to 800 ; peas and beans, 20 to 50; and cabbage, 500. Onions make a grand crop, and flax, which is extensively raised in all parts of the province, but especially towards the south, yields from 12 to 25 bushels of seed to the acre, and furnishes an excellent fibre. Hops, also, do exceedingly well, though no statistics in regaf to them are presented here. As for vegetables, it is only necessary to say that every kind suitable to the temperate zone grows in Manitoba luxuriantly, reaching h size, in many cases, quite unheard of elsewhere. The generous soil and climate reward bountifully any effort to cultivate flowers, too, a matter of no little concern to the wives and daughters of the colonists, and one to which most men are not indifferent. Questions : 1. —How many acres have you under cultivation including this year's breaking '! 2. — How many acres had you under the folloaving crops this season, and the average yield per acre : Wheat, oats, barley '! 3. — IVhat was your average yield per acre, in bushels, of the following crops this season : Potatoes, turnips, carrots, peas, bean, flax f 4. — What is your experience in raising ve;etables, andwhat varieties ha- e you grotin > Hi ' a S Name and Address.— Manitoba. _ > CD 'S O 9 HU Geo. H. Halse, Brandon 120 W.J Helliwell, Ralphton 160 Acreage and average of the following crops : Wheat 60 acres, 30 bus, 60 acres, 25 bus. Oats. 25 acres, 40 bus. 12 acres, 45 bus. Barley. Average yield, in bushels. i H'vy 200 a. e2 s c3 0^ (A c s ■i. Vegetables. Asparagus, lettuce, radishes, pars- nips, cabbage, cauliflower, beans, melons, citrons, beets, onions, green peas, carrots, rhubarb and sweet corn have all done very well. have raised nearly all usually grown in Canada. 11 y the yield of the season of 1 average of 80 bushels. A ly favorable conditions, but 1 of 80 bushe's. These are itimes much more ; turnips, , which is extensively raised llent fibre. Hops, also, do id suitable to the temperate .rd bountifully any effort to Terent. bean, flax ? Vegetables. is, lettuce, radishes, pars- bbage, cauliflower, beans, citrons, beets, onions, teas, carrots, rhubarb and corn have all done very aised nearly all usually in Canada. O 3 Acreage and average of the following crops : Average yield, in bushels. Name and Address —Manitoba. Wheat Oats. Barley. ! i •e J, 1 u 1 u ce i Vegetables. Thos. A. Sharpe, Adelpha 4t> 76 200 62 120 65 3 acres, 36 bus. 12 acres, 30 bus no .-icres, 34 bus. 9 acres, 35 bus, 35 acres, 32 bus. 25 bus. 13 acres, 46 bus. 22 acres, 40 bus. 60 acres, 60 bus. 16 acres, 45 bus. 46 bus. 12 acres, 46 bus. 6 acres, 82 bus. 10 acres, 60 bus 800 300 320 300 200 300 200 360 160 360 400 300 260 360 300 360 260 150 1000 All, including the less hardy sorts, Agenor Dubic, Lorette . . 12 like vegetable oysters, tlouri.sh here. Caiibages, tomatoes, cucuml)ers,etc. Wm Corbett, Springfield My experience has been very satis- John Gumming, Minnedosa John Q Sumner, Arnaud G. G. Uownie, Crystal City. . . Norris Fines, Balmoral factory with all kinds. Never saw better. 76 acres, 40 bus. .... • • .... .... No trouble to raise any vegetable. Soil well suited to them. I saw 60 bus. 25 bus 40 bus. 9 acres, 60 bus. 28 acres 35 bus. 26 acres, 60 bus. 80 acres, 40 bus 20 acres, 40 bus 7 acres, 66 bus. 29 acres, 70 bus. 4 acres, 30 bus. 8 acres, £0 bus 36 bus. 400 potatoes this year weighing 44 pounds. Nearly all kinds. Very successful. T. D. Perdue, Kichlatids 30 185 200 330 80 100 130 64 JO 15 acres, 30 bus 85 acres, 30 bus. 70 acres, 35 bus 240 acres, 25 bus 60 acres, 25 bus. 14 acres, 30 bus. 70 acres, 44 bus. 39 acres, 30 bus 25 ucres, 27 bus. 2 acres, 83 bus. 13 acres, 30 bus. 10 acres, 40 bus. 10 acres, 36 bus. Chas. C. Oke, Fairhurn 600 800 All garden sorts with much .success. S.W.Chambers, IVattsvieiu . . .... Very successful ; onions, cabbage, F. W. Stevenson, EilMe^c „ cauliflower, tomatoes, corn, peas, beans, c.irrots, parsnips, squa.sh, citrons, cucumbers. Very little troul)le to raise them. I W. D. Thomas, Cypress River. W. B. Hall, Headingly G. Forbes & Son, Treheme. . . 200 600 26' 12 cultivate the Early Ro.se potato and Swede turnip, They do well. Very successful in all kinds. I have had 223 bushels of tomatoes to the acre. Grow to perfection, but insect pests have given me some trouble. With sufficient rain Manitoba vege- tables can equal the best. In small quantities, the cabbage, 7 acres, 20 bus. 8 acres, 80 bus. 800 20 A. Pickering, Austin D. A. Buchanan, Griswold. . . 400 400 6 acres, 22 bus. pea, pumpkin, squash, cucumber, beet, carrot, onion and rhubarb all do well here; but tomatoes and Indian corn do not succeed. 19 ['/■'^s (A • 11 11 Acreage and average of the following crops : Average yield, in bushels. Name and Address.— Manitoba. Wheat. Oats. Barley. 1 I t 2 u 1 rt i Vegetables. Alfred Walker, SheppardvilU . . R. .S. Conklin, Sunnyside Alex. Naismiih, Millford Wm. Thompson, Holland Thos. Ilagyard, Pilot Mound.. Richard lirown, l.an!;JaU 85 80 220 130 166 100 600 140 100 140 136 200 70 160 23 80 20 100 76 43 15 100 800 100 85 60 49 acres, 28 bus. 19 acres, S3 bus. 160 acres, 35 bus. 80 acres, 32 bus. 108 acres, 22 bus 40 acres, 29 bus. . . acres, 82 bus. 40 acres, 26 bus 42 acres, 34 bus 25 acres. 37 bus. 6 acres, 36 bus. 130 acres, 28 bus. 2d acres, 27 bus 110 acres, 31 bus. 12 acres, 60 bus. 260 200 400 700 360 800 350 860 400 600 400 200 150 350 Can heartily recommend the prairie 6 acres, 76 bus. 60 acres, 65 bus. 25 acres, 66 bus 28 acres, 40 bus. 13 acres, 72 bus. . . acres, 71 bus. 30 acres, 60 bus. 16 acres, 46 bus. 15 acres, 16 bus. 33 acres GO bus. 42 acres, 46 bus. 8 acres, 40 bus. 40 acres, 43 bus. 1 acre, 40 bus. 10 acres, 38 bus. 12 acres, 60 bus 20 acres, 30 bus. 80 for cabbages and onions. Best soil I ever saw, but grubs are 800 600 troublesome. ^' .' had good luck with them. 800 10 have raised nearly every sort. Decidedly successful. "" All do well. Geo. M. Yeomans, Dalton. . . . I had 2,000 rhubarb roots in full Jas. Liidlawr, CleanmUr John George, Nelson P. J. McNaughton. Raven Lake Chas. Findiay, Shoal Lake .... J. G. Elliott, Shadeland S. F. Hurgess, Serlmrn Wm. Walton, Marringhurst . . T. S. Menarey, Cartwright. . . Henry Last, Stone^fall John Hopper, Middlcchurch . . Cornelius Wheatland. Donore . . 10 acres, 42 bus. 13 acres, 35 bus . . . bearing ; many roots yielded 10 pounds at a single picking. All do remarkably well. They do exceptionally well. Have never seen better. 22 acres, 62 bus. 10 acres, 40 bus. 12 acres, 31 bus. All sorts in abundance. All sorts of garden produce. 620 600 All kinds, including some delicate 40 ones. Excellent. 20 acres, 30 bus. 6 acres, 18 bus. 30 acres, 27 bus. 48 acres, 33 bus 30 acres, 20 bus. 6 acres, 25 bns. 47 acres, 29 bus. 16 acres, 80 bus. 60 acres, 27 bus. 45 acres, 30 bus. 22 acres, 22 bus. .. acres, 64 bus. 20 acres, 30 bus 20 acres, 30 bus 16 acres, 47 bus. 6 acres, 64 bus. 6 acres, 30 bus. 300 800 300 250 860 260 220 260 400 800 260 All kinds. 200 20 All very easily raised. 16 All very easily raised. Wm. Smith, Beaver Creek All very easily raised. Wm. S. Wallace, Shellniouth . 200 Fair 400 160 Good 40U 600 Almost every variety suitable to the Alex. Stewart, Castleavery . . . R. E. Hopkins, Beresford Donald Eraser, Emerson Joseph Tees, Manitott Andrew Johnston, Mowbray. . . Oswald. Bowie. Mot den 3 acres, 60 bus. 12 acres, 40 bus. 45 acres, 47 bus. 25 acres, 40 bus 30 acres, 45 bus. 10 acres, 40 bus. 4 acres, 36 bus. 4 acres, 80 bus. 35 acres, 36 bus. Good temperate zone flourishes here. All kinds. Occasional grubs are the only hind- 20 18 rance to complete success. All kinds. All the hardier kinds grow finely. 10 acres, 40 bus. 4 acres, 26 bus. Nearly all varieties. All vegetables, including celery, to- matoes and all kinds of vines. 200 200 18 Vegetables. tily recommend the prairie ibages and onions. I ever saw, but grubs are isome. good luck with them, sed nearly every sort, y successful, rell. ,000 rhubarb roots in full ; ; many roots yielded 10 s at a single picking, markably well, exceptionally well, ver seen better, in abundance. of garden produce. i, including some delicate easily raised. easily raised. easily raised. very variety suitable to the rate zone flourishes here. al grubs are the only hind- complete success. I. ardier kinds grow finely. 1 varieties. ables, including celery, to- and all kinds of vines. Jame and Address. — Manitoba. ij William McDonald, Virden... V \Vm. S. Moody, Kounthtvaite . i S. R. Henderson, Kildonan. . Wm Somerville, MoiUejiore . . G. C. Wright, Boisevain .... 1 J. R. Routley, Carherry I T. M. Kennedy, Menota R. Armstrong, Silver Spring. John H. Martin, Rapid City. I F. B. Witherington, Douglas.. I G. R. Black, Wtlhvood S. 1). Ban , Neepawa A. F. Tyerman, Lot hair j. H. Mair, Sotiris T. H. Jackson, Mirwedosa. . . Geo. Bowders, Baimerino. . . . M.G. Abey, Chater Wm. Lindsay, Emerson... }as. Little, Oak River . Connell & Son, Creeford. G. M. White, Foxton. Jos. Charles, Oakland. g-s 73 -a 0-3 Wm. H. Wilson, Deloraim R. McDonald, Lowestoft , F. Bryden, Portage La Prairie. Jo!>n S. McKay, Rapid City. . , E. J . Paynter, Beulah 600 160 40 200 200 105 75 130 100 160 230 80 200 270 220 05 200 200 120 100 46 60 90 110 200 40 66 Acreage and average of the following crops : Wheat. 160 acres, 33 bus. 76 acres, 30^ bus 16 acres, 26 bus. 180 acres, 27 bus. 90 acres, 25 bus. 36 acres, 60 acres, 48 acres, 46 acres, 76 acres, 100 acres, 40 acres, 93 acres, 160 acres, 80 acres, 30 acres, 33 bus. 28 bus 23 bus 31 bus 38 bus. 42 bus. 27 bus. 32 bus. 27 bus. 46 bus 35 bus 68 acres, 38 bus 100 acres, 30 bus. 30 acres, 40 bus. 80 acres, 30 bus. 10 acres, 46 bus 29 acres, 30 bus. SO acres, 31 bus. 74 acres, 20 bus. 125 acres, 25 bus. 10 acres, 30 bus. 28 acres, 23 bus. Oats. 70 acres, 62 bus 26 acres, 65 bus 26 acres, £0 bus. 30 acres, 66 bus. 16 acres, -10 bus 28 acres, 10 acres, 18 acres, 20 acres, 20 acres, 33 .teres, 15 acres, 45 acres, 40 acres, 30 acres, \l acres, 83 bus 60 bus. 40 bus. 60 bus 75 bus. 87 bus. 66 bus. 40 bns 55 bus 80 bus 60 bus 29 acres, 68 bus. 70 acres, 58 bus 40 acres, 60 bus. 17 acres, 35 bus. 16 acres, 62 bus. 6 acres, 60 bus. 14 acres, 16 bus. 25 acres, 48 bus 26 acres, 67 bus 6 acres, 40 bus. 14 acres, 29 bus. Barley. 10 acres, 40 bus. 6 acres, 28 bus Average yield, in bushels. 400 10 acres, 36 bus 6 acres, 40 bus. 14 acres, 33 bus. 8 acres, 30 bus. 6 acres, 30 bus. 6 acres, 42 bus. 16 acres, 36 bus . . acres, 60 bus . . acres, 40 bus . . acres, 60 bus. 6 acres, 30 bus 20 acres, 45 bus 46 acres, 60 bus 12 acres, 30 bus 10 acres, 40 bus 6 acres, 30 bus. 1 acre, 60 bus 5 acres, 30 bus. 14 acres, 41 bus. 'l\ acres, 30 bus 200 200 800 30U 200 170 200 1E0> 26 3501 300 275i . , 260 . . lOOi.. 30o;.. 300 900 300 ... . 300 700 300 400 2.^0 . . 200 600 250| 600 200' . . 300, . 200; . 260 j 30 23 20 230, 320 600 3001 . . 200! 276' 300 250 400 300 , .. 400 600 60 600 15 18 20 Vegetables. Everything succeeds. I have always been fortunate. Vegetables grow beautifully. All do well. I have raised 500 bus. of cabliages and 2U0 bus. of onions to the acre. Ciaidens tlirive. Very fair. All kinds do well. All kinds successful. All kinds successful. All kinds successful. All kinds successful. Never saw the cijual. All kinds do well. Never .saw theetjual. All successful, including pumpkins, melons, chicory, etc. All kinds do well. Do well. Celery, cucumbers, citron and all the more common sorts. Kvery kind, and splendid crops. Have raised most every variety with success. All kinds do well. This part of the province is excellent for root crops and garden stuff. Cabbages, cauliflower, onions, to- matoes, citrons, cucumbers, etc. Have succeeded well. Good success some years. e.l 14 IV.-THE SEASONS AND THE CLIMATE. It appears that everywhere in Manitoba ploughing and seeding may begin early in April, and harvesting generally l>egins at least by the second week of August, while along the southern border harvesting has begun by July IS. There is a constant diflcrence of several days in all these dates between the southern and the northern parts of the province. Winter m&y be said to open with the permanent freezing of the ground, which takes place ab lut the middle of Novamber, as a rule, and it ends with the close of March, so that ploughing may often be begun befoie the 1st of April. Kcnlly cold weather does not "settle down," however, Ijcfore Christmas, as a rule. Here, too, a difference between the northern and southern paits of the province is, of course, noticeable, in favor of the latter. None of the correspondents report any serious hardship or loss from the climate in winter, which everyone seems to regard as an enjoyable and exceedingly healthy season. All are busy hauling grain to market, getting fuel, caring for stock, ^ . in the paid service uf wealthier mighbors, and the cold weather is not allowed, or able, to interfere with either business or pleasure. " Better than the East," is the opinion of many old settlers. The fuel used is principally wood, which is scattered plentifully over all the province. This will become scaiccr, of course, and is already thin in some of the more populous districts; but coal is plentiful and can be obtained at any of the stations of the railway at a small advance on the cost of production. Summer frosts are spoken of as "exceptional " by nine out often farmers in all parts of the province, and particulars are given which confirm this opinion. The farther north the settler makes his home the more liable he is to an occasional visitation of this kind, but summer frosts of a damaging character are extremely rare in any part of Manitoba. The testimony to the healthfulness of the climate is unanimous. QrKSTIONS : 1. — Phase state earliest and latest date in which you began ploughing, seeding and harvesting s 2. — What time does winter set in and when does it end J 3. — Have you stiffeied any serious hardship or loss from the climate in winter ! 4 — What fuel do you use. and is it difficult to obtain 1 6. — Are suiiiiiur frosts prei'alent ? C. — Do you consider the climate healthy ! Date of Farm Operations. Winter. Will tor. f| Fuel. Summer Frosts. Name and Address. Manitoba. Ploughing. Seeding. Harvesting. Begins. Ends. Is the Climate healthy. Ear liest. Latest Mayl... Ear- lieRt. Latest. Ear- liest. Latest Aug. 1.. Mcb. 20 Apl. 4.. Apl. 1... ApL 2... May 2.. July 11 Aug. 13 July 15 Aug. a Late Nov Late Nov Late Nov Late Nov E'rly Apl None None None None Wood,' eusily obtained Exceptional ilxceptloual Exceptional Exceptional Yes ; decidedly. Yes; decidedly. Yes; decidedly. Yes; decidedly. John Gumming, HinneAoiO. J. Q. Humner, ^rnaud Geo. H. Halse, Brandon ....••. •> Apl. 16 Apl. 6... Apl. 10 ... Apl. 8 Poplar, easily obtained Wood, easily obtained May a. Aug. ^ 18 east by the second week of Jates between the southern ml the middle of Novamher, r does not "settle down," noticeable, in favor of the in enjoyable and exceedingly nd the colli weather is not id is already thin in somt cost of production. I which confirm this opinion. ;ing character are extremely and is it difficult to ul>lain > valeiit f mate healthy ! - ^ iner BtB. Is the Clitnate healthy. tional I Yes; decidedly, tlonal I Yes; decidedly, ionol YcBi decidedly, ional I Yes; decidedly. N&uie auJ AJdtuM. MaoitobH, Data of Farm Operalloni. rioiishiuR. Ear- Ifnit. Latest. 3. K. Rosi, Deloraint Apl. 3 .. Apl. Jas. UcCoDOohy, FApl. 12 July 2H Aug 27 Apl. 20 Apl. 12 Apl. U . Apl. 8. .Vpl.O. Apl. 1^ A|il. S. Apl. (I Apl. lU Apl. 2 . Apl. 3... Apl. a .. Apl, 28iMch. 2t Apl. 13 Apl. 20 Apl. 1.. Apl. 1... Apl. 5... Apl. 3... Apl. 20 Apl. 7 Meh. 2S Apl. 3... Apl. 5 .. Apl. 9.. Apl. 0.. Apl. 1... Apl. 10 Mty 20 Apl. 13 Apl.l . Apl. 1., Apl. 1. Apl .'July .'July Aue. SH Auif. July .Vug. Apl. May Ap'i. Mliiyl .Mayl 8' 1 Sept. 7 2H Aug. 15 1 .\UR. Aug. 22 July July Aug. Apl.S . May 2. lAuR. 25 1(1 Aug. l.'i 31 Aug. 20 24 Auu. IS 20 Hopt. 30 Aug. llAug. 22 Nov. IS . Nov. Nov. Nov. Dec. Nov. Sov, Nov. Nov. Dec. Nov. Nov.. 1 None I 20. Mch. 20. None 5.. .. Apl. 8 .... None 1 Apl. 15 .None 15 ...Mch. 25... None I |Apl. 10. None 15.. Apl. 1 'Nonn 20... 1 Mch. 31... I None Mob. 19... Nouu Mch. 15 . Noi/e Lite Mch None Dec. 1 Mch 15. Nov. 15 .. Apl. 1 .. Nov. 10 ..i Mch. 31.. Nov. IS . Mch. 25 . Nov. .'i lApl. 1 .... Dec. 1 IMcb. IS . Nov Mch Nov. 15... Mch. 31.. Aug. 13 July 2:1 Aug. 19 Aug. Apl. 20 Aug. Apl. IS'Aug. Apl. ..lAug. 15! 1 Sept 1. ....Tuly . . July July 27 Apl. 10 July 25 Sept. 1.. Aug. 1.. Aug. 21 Dee. 1... Nov. 15.. Nov Mch. 16 . Apl.l... Mch. 31 . E'rly Nov Apl. .. Nov. 15...!Mch. 31.. Dec. 15 ..Mch. 31.. Nov Mch Deo Mch. 31.. Nov. 20... Mch. 31.. Nov Mch. 31.. Nov Mch Nov Mch Nov. 15...!Mch. 16.. Nov lApl. 1 ... None None None None None None None None Noae None None None None None None None None None Wood, hauled 3 miles Wood, hiiulml7 mllea Wood, huulxd 3 mites . Wootlonal Kxceiitional Exceptional Prevalent Prevalent Exceptional Wood, easily obtained ... Poplar, drawn IH miles .. Wood, easy to gel Wood, very scarce here.. Wood, in plenty Is Ibe Climate henltby. Exceptional Exceptional Kxceptionul ■ lExcvptloiial 1 Exceptional Excoptlonal j Exceptional 'Exceptional 'Exceptional ! Exceptional i Prevalent None Wood, in plenty jExceptional None Wood, iu plenty Exceptional None Wood, in plenty Prevalent None Fire killed poplar, plenti-l ! I ful ^Exceptional >Ceitalnly Yiis, cliiciiludlv. Yes; ilecliledly. Yrs; decidedly. Winter better than on Lake Erie. Hettnr clhnate than that of (Juid>ec. I'erfuctly »i>. Kuildilest I know of. Yt'B. Host In the world. Y«s. I HiilTer less than In Ontario. Tarticularly so. YoB. Very. Kxcendlngly. Kspuciully so for asth- matic POrHOOH. Yes. Certainly. Deoliledly. Yes. I do. Yes, Yes. Very. Very. Yes. Hotter than In Ontario. Very. Yes: winter not so bad as it Is reported. Yes. i Very. (Certainly. Yes. Finest winter climate I in the world. Yes. Yes. Kxceedingly ho. 1« ma eap 'ul t)« tol Name and Addresi. Macitoba. Date of Farm Operations. Ploughinf;. Ear- liest. Loteat. Job. CbarleB, Oakland |Apl. 6 J. Q. FAIiott, ShacUland I Cbai. Findlay, Lak« S/ioal Apl. 12IMay3... P. .1. McNaushtoD, iifiveu Lake..' 8. A. Ward, Clamleboye A. H. Hoouten, Itaven Lake Apl. 21 Wiu. Thompson, Holland j Apl. 7... Andrew Johnston, Mowbray Mob. 22 John Oeorgo, Nelson James liaidlaw, Clearwater Apl. 3... Alex. Naismith, Millford Thoe. Hagyard, Pilot Mound.. Cornelius Wheatland, Donor . Thos. Adair, Trrherne John Hopper Middlechureh . Henry Last, Stoueiv.tll Wm. Wttlton, Marriniih'irst.... Apt. 10 Apl. 10 Mayl... Apl. W'Mayl... Apl. 15 Apl. 25 Apl. 1 F. 8 Westworj, "emieiniis Klcbard Brov.'i, i^.iiitjvale Chaa. C. Oke Fairhurv. Thos. Frario, Virde)i ■ George M. tTeomiius, Dalton Goo Gille8|iie, Greenwood Wm. Kinitb, lieaver Creek W. O. Walliioo, Shellmouth B. E. Hopkins, Beresford Alex. Stewart, Ciistleavery Donald Krnaer, Emersmt Joseph Teea, Maiiiloa Alfred Pickering, Austin Vt'm. Irvine, ^Jjimsippt Jamea Muir, Doualas Jamea Ijittle, Oak liivcr Koland Mncdonald, Lowestoft ... M. G. Abey, Chafer F. A. lirydon, Portage La Prairie John Silencer, I'Jnierson D. W. Grimmett, Elm Valley Andrew Davi>ion, Oreen Itidge... L. Wilaon, Stockton J. W. Hridge, Carman Peter Campbell, Campbellvillt.. Apl. 23 Apl. 28 Seeding. Enr- lieat. Apl Apl Apl. 1.. Mob. 30 Mob. 29 Apl.l. Apl. 1 , Apl. 12 Apl. 15 Api.""i'o AplV's". Apl. 30 Apl. 10 Apl. 10 Api." 15 Apl. IS Nov. 5 Oct. 30 Apl. 6.. Apl. 0.. Apl. 10 Apl. 10 May I. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Apl. Mob Mob, Apl. Apl. Apl. ■Apl. Latest May. Apl. 16 May. May 5 Apl. 15 Apl. 20 May 24 Apl. 21 May4.. Apl. 1 Apl. B.. Apl. 21 Apl. 20 Apl. 13 Apl, 27 6 .. May7., 24 31 Apl. 10 3, 5., 3.. Apl. 15 10 Harvesting. Ear liest^ Aug.... Aug. 2 July 29 Aug. 6 Aug. 10 July 16 July 26 Aug. 1 Aug. July Aug. Aug. 15 July 29 Aug. 22 July Aug. Aug. Aug. July Aug. Aug. Aug. July July Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Latest Oct. 1... Sept. 3 Winter. Begins. Nov. 15.. Nov. 20.. Dec. 1.... Dec. 1.... Sept. 9.. Dec. 1. .. 'Dec. 1.... Nov. 1.... 'Nov. 20 Aug. 20 Nov. 15. Ends. Apl. 6 Mob. 2b.. Win- ter. d u None None None Fuel. Wood and straw Wood, easy to obtain,. Wood, easy to obtain.. Late Nov Late Mob None Wood, on the farm Exceptional Sept. 15! Septia J Nov. 1.... Nov. 1.. .. Nov. 5 Dec. 1 Nov. 15 .. Nov. 10... Deo. 20 .. Aug. 20 Aug 28|Nov. 20 Nov. 10... Nov. 25... Nov. 25... Doe. 1 Oct 15.. .. E'rIyNov Nov. 15.. Nov. 15... Nov Nov. 10, . Dec. 1 Nov. 15 . Nov Nov. 15 . Nov Nov. 10.. Nov. 15... Nov. 10... Nov. 1 Nov Nov. 15 .. Mob. 31... None Wood Mob. 20... None Wood, growing scarce Mcb. 20... None jWood, growing scarce Apl. 1 None : Wood, in plenty Mch. 20...|None Wood, in plenty JExceptional Mcb. 31... None lOak, in plenty Exceptional Summer Frosts. Gxceptioual Triennial Exceptional Exceptional Prevalent Exceptional Exceptional Mcb. 31.. Apl 1 Apl. 1 Apl. 1.... Apl.l... Apl. 20 Aug. Sept. 1. Aug. 10 Sept. 25 Aug. 30 Mcb. 31... Mch. 31... ^fch. 31... Mob. 31... Mob. 31... Mch. »1... Er'lyApl Mob. 31... Apl. 15 April Apl. 10 ... Mch. 1... iMch. 25... jApril Moh. 15... I.March ... Mcb. 31... Mob 2.5 .. Mcb. 31 .. Apl.l April Mch. 31... Nov.. Nov.. April ... March. . None None None None None None None None None I None 'None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None ."{one None None Wood, hauled 7 miles.... , Wood, difficult to get Exceptional Wood, plentiful Usual Wood, costs SI a cord Exceptional Wood, very plentiful JExceptional Wood, easily obtained Exceptional Exceptional Wood, easily obtained Wood, easily obtained Poplar, hauled 6 miles Wood, hauled 4 miles Wood, in plenty Wood, in plenty Wood, hauled G miles Wood, in abundance Wood, mixed with coal Poplar, no difficulty Wood, no difficulty Ottk and poplar in plenty.... Poplar, in plenty and good.. loak ... Poplar and Wood ; plenty of coal here . Wood, easily obtained Wood, biiuled 12 miles., Wood, hauled aome diatauce Wood, hauled 10 miles Wood, growing scarce Elm and mapie wood Wood Wood, hauled 2 miles Wood, scarce Woo.i in plenty Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptiouiil Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional Exceptional lathe Climate healthy. Yes. Nothing equal to it. Family never need a physician. Healthiest in the world Yes. Yes. None more so. None healthier. Yes. Better for me than Ontario's. Very healthy. Decidedly. Very. Yes. Very. Better in many ways than Eng._nd's, Yes. Yes. Very. Neverin better health. Extraordinarily so. Very. Very. Extremely so— bracing Yea. Yea. Yea. Yes. Yea. Healthieat in the world More ao than Ontario. Yes. Very. Very. Yes Yes. Verj'. If you take care. Exceedingly so. Yes. Exoerdingly fo. i py-tioual >tioual itioual itional itiona) tional tional Uoual itional tional tiouul tional tional tional tional tioual tional tioual tioual tional tional tiOURl tioual tional iiouiil tional :ionaI :ional ional ;ional :ional Yes. ; Nothing equal to it. Family never need a physician. Healthiest in the world Yes. Yes. None more so. None healthier. Yes. Better for me than Ontario's. Very healthy. Hecidedly. Very. Yes. Very. Better in many ways than Eng._ad's. Yes. Yes. I Very. Neverin better health. Kxtraordiuarily so. Very. Very. Extremely so— bracing Yes! Yes. Yes. Yes. Healthiest in the world More so than Ontario Yes. Very. Very. Yes Yes. Verj-. If you take care. Kxceedingly so. Yes. Excerdingly po. 17 V.-THE CARE AND ADVANTAGE OF CATTLE. This fifth group of questions refers to the raising and care of live stock in Manitoba. It appears that almost all farmers keep a certain nunil)er of horses and cattle, sometimes amounting to considerable herds, and including a large proportion of thorough-bred stock. There is no difficulty in keeping these in good condition during the winter if they are properly cared for, and they will thrive with even very little care. The universal testimony is that the wild grasses of the prairie afford as good feed as can be found anywhere, and that animals pastured upon the prairies thrive as well or belter than those living upon the cultivated pastures of eastern Canada. The fact that almost all farmers maintain small herds of cattle and horses is itself an affirmative answer to the third question. The profitableness of stock raising, where cattle have to be housed during the winter, depends upon the cost of feed, and the few cases where a correspondent has answv..ed " no " occur in localities where it is necessary to haul hay many miles, or where, for some other reason, .feed is expensive. These instances are very rare. There is no reason to suppose that the time will ever come when cattle raising, within certain limits, will not form a profitable accompaniment of farming in Manitoba, especially in the northern part of the Province, since, as the cost of feed increases with the further settlement of the Province, the price of beef will rise correspondingly. The fourth question will be found answered at considerable length in most cases. It appears that all the live stock kept upon the farm ought to be given good shelter during the winter; the older animals should be kept in warm, but not close, stables, and fed an allowance of prairie hay and oat chaff or roots, — just such keeping, in short, as they would have in Ontario. Bran is given only to milking cows, or when calving. Young cattle are stabled onlj at night, but should have free access to the straw stack all day, or may be allowed to run on the prairie in fine weather. Only horses get any grain, as a rule, and this only when working. All the animals should have plenty of water. It appears that live stock thrive everywhere in Manitoba with much less care than this, but the b?tter care that is taken of them the larger are the returns to be expected. Sheep are kept only here and there in the Province. There is no doubt that she^p thrive well on the natural pasturage of the prairies, whose dry climate and pure water are particularly well suited to their health, and the total of flocks in the Province is steadily growing larger. Questions : 1. — H(ni' many head of horses and cattle have you, and how do they thrive in winter > 4. — Ho;v do you winter your stock ? 2. — How do cattle thrive on the wild grasses of the prairies ? 6. — Do sheep thrive and are they profitable ! 3. — Is stock raising profitable where cattle have to be housed during the winter f Name and Address. Manitoba. No. of Cattle and Horses, and how they Winter. How do Cattle thrive on Prairie Pasturage. Is .Stock-raising Profitable. How do you winter your Stock ? Do Sheep Thrive. J. S. McKay, A'apid City Two horses, 10 cattle ; thrive well. First rate Yes Some stabled and some in an open shed. They do well. Name and Address. Manitoba. J. E. Paynter, Betilah S. R. Henderson, KiUonan . . . Wm. Somerville, Montcfiore . . . J. E. Stirton, Carhcm'^/ii Stephen Birks, Bariisley Thos. M. Kennedy, Meiiota... Geo. E. Nagy, Kosser T. McCartney, Port, f.a Prairie Roland McDonald, Lowtsloft. . Wm. H. Wilson, Delorainc. . . . Wm. S. Moody, Konnthwaite . . Geo. C, Wright, Boisssevain. . . Wm. J. Brown, Melita Matthew Smith, Minnedosa . . . S. D. Barr, Neepawa No. of Cattle and Horses, and How they Winter. 18 How do Cattle thrive] Is Stock-raising on Prairie Pasturage. 1 Profitable. Thirteen ; very well in- deed. Splendidly 'Safest and best pay- ing branch of farm- ing. Eight horses, 35 cattle j'Do well well, if fodder is sufifici-1 ent. I Forty-four ; excellently. iFatten very rapidly.. Eight ; splendidly Better than on timo- I thy or clover. Yes, where hay is plentiful. How do you winter your Stock. Stable and feed prairie hay. Fairly so., Six horses, 12 cattle ;; First rate, well. i Six ; they do well Fifty-six ; very well . . . . Three horses, 40 cattle. . Eight horses, 18 cattle . . Five horses, 6 cattle . . . Ten ; they do well Sixteen; nicely Eight ; very well Ten horses, 20 cattle ; do well. Ten ; do well Very well . Very well . Very well Very well Remarkably well. . . . Ves, if stabloi are warm. If not too many are kept. Yes An open question ; I say yes. Yes Keep them in log stables, well roof- ed, warm and ventilated. By stabling during the severest weather. In a " bank " stable, on prairie hay and well watered. Do Sheep Thrive. Very well :Yes, where hay is cheap. Remarkably well. . . . Feed on it exclusively First rate Grow fat Remarkably well. . . . Yes, where hay is clieap. Yes, where hay is cheap. Yes House them and feed well Stable them and feed prairie hay and oat straw. Milking cows are stabled and fed hay ; young cattle live in sheds House them Yes Yes — expense little. Cows stabled at night and given plentiful feed ; young cattle do not pay for extra care, but should have a shed. I stable them, and feed hay, oat- straw, oats, bran and flax ; water twice daily. In an adobe stable Stable them and feed prairie hay and oat-straw. Housed at night and fed hay ; run to straw stack in the day time. In a good stable feeding plenty of wild hay. Thrive excellently and will be profitable when a good market for mut- ton rises. Thrive and are profitable. Thrive and are profitable. Would pay better than cattle, were it not for wolves. Yes. Very profitable. Yes. Yes. I have C8 ; most profit- table stock on the farm. Do Sheep Thrive. Thrive excellently and will be profitable when a good market for mut- ton rises. Thrive and are profitable. Thrive and are profitable. Would pay better than cattle, were it not for wolves. Yes. Very profitable. Yes. Yes. I have C8 ; most profit- table stock on the farm. 1ft Name and Address. Manitoba. John Plant, Rossbum .... Joseph Charles, Oakland. ,') E. W. Grimmett, Elm Valley i John Spencer, Emerson , ''f| Geo. U. White, Foxton . ... % ,^ Wm. Irwine, Almasi/ t . . .. jM p. Campbell, CampbelliilU . . 3 J. W. Bridge, Carman "f L. Wilson, Stockton j; A. Davison, Green Ridge.. , . John A. Mair, Souri's f Walter Gray, C/ia/?r Wm. Lindsay, Emerson . ... J. Connell 4 Son, Cree/ord . ',; Oswald Bowie, Morden No. of Cattle and Horses,! How do Cattle thrive and How ihey Winter jon Prairie Pasturage. Is Stock-taising Profitable. How do you winter your .Slock. Do sheep Thrive. Three horses, 20 cattle. . Best I ever saw Twenty-one ; Better than on Ontar- io meadows. Seven ; very well ;Very well. Twenty ; thrive well with Will fatten on it ... , care. I Four horses, 76 cattle ;|As well as on cultiv splendidly Two Ei^ht horses, 80 cattle ; well. Five ; fairly well Five ; splendidly. Three horses, 26 cattle ; well, if fed and attend- ed to. Seven horses, 33 cattle. . Five ; very well Twenty-two ; well. Eleven Two horses, 16 cattle ; very well ated grasses. Could not do better. Could not do better. Very well if the grass- es are selected. They grow fat I find it so Feed hay T keep 200. Yes; because climate Well stabled. I never lost a cow is dry, straw cover- or calf, ed sheds and bank- ed up stables an-| swer all purposes' and cost little, and: wild hay is cheap. | Yes In a dugout stable, feeding prairie hay. In stnbles at night ; loose in yards by day. I house all my stock As soon as freight rates are lower. Yes Yes. Yes. They grow fat . . Splendidly.... . Not at present prices. If one has hay and help of his own. Reasonably so Grow fat Better than in Ontario Excellently Well. Yes. Yes Pays very well . Yes Yes. Yes. Stable th«m and feed prairie hay. . \'es. Straw until Jan. 1 ; prairie hay Yes. morning and evening till spring. Stable them and feed hay Stable them ; feeding horses hay and oats ; cattle, hay and straw. Let them feed at the straw slacks in fine weather, and stable them at night and feed hay. Cows and calves in stable, leedinj; prairie hay and straw ; young cattle run out. Shelter most of time, and feed hay and straw. In stables, feeding prairie hay, straw and chopped grain ; with oats regularly to the horses. P'eed with hay and roots Yes. Most certain and remun- erative stock. Thrive well. Thrive but not profitable. 20 mil '" V* Wi RB^i ■w t ! : t I Name and Address. Manitoba. No of Cattle and Horses, and How they Winter. How do Cattle thrive on Prairie Pasturage. Is .Stock-raising Profitable. How do you winter your Stock. Do Sheep Thrive. D. D. Young, Brandon John Duncan, Austin A. T. Tyerman, Lothair Geo. F. Slade, Gladstone Three horses, 16 cattle. . Thirtv-five Well Yes As well as grain grow- ing. Yes, with mixed farm- ing. Yes, especially with high grade stock. Yes Yes Put them in a warm stable, fat, at the beginning of the winter, feed on hay and barley straw, and water regularly ; feed turnips and hay to milking cows. They come out fat in the spring. Cows stabled at night ; young cattle run in sheds. Principally on straw ; cows have a little hay and grain. By feeding hay. Hardy cattle will maintain their condition if liber- ally fed and watered once, or better, twice a day. I generally house them, though many do not. I stable them As well as on timothy Splendidly Yes. Five horses ; thrive well Thirty Thrive exceedingly well. Dogs and wolves are the only drawbacks. Yes. Well First rate John George, Nelson A. II. Scouten, Raven Lake, , . Twenty ; very well Ten : well . . Well.. Yes. James Laidlaw, Clearwater . . . Henry McCleod, Carherry .... Rob't Campbell, Bridge Creek, Harold Elliot, Morden Thirty-three; as well as in Ontario. Four horses ; 4 cattle. . . Fifteen ; all very well. . . Five horses, 11 cattle ; do well. Two horses, 25 cattle ; first rate. They get fat They get fat Well Yes, if the stock are good. Yes I stable cows and calves and feed straw about half the time ; young stock winter around the straw stacks. House them and feed oat and wheat straw, with a little bran and shorts. They always come out fat. I stable all my cows and give them plenty of prairie hay ; young cat- tle run to the stacks. I stable only at night, or on stormy days ; at other times they feed on the prairie. Stable at night and feed hay Feed hay, giving the coivs a little meal toward spring ; they main- tain a fine condition I have 33 wintered in a shed. More thangrain grow- ing. Yes Get fat enough for butchering in two months. As well as on timothy Splendidly R. S. Conklin, Sunnyside Alfred Walker, Sheppardville . . More profitable than the crops. Yes, when h.iy is cheap. Yes. i I 21 Do Sheep Thrive. at eetl md ind ime ttleiYes. I e a vill >er- or Thrive exceedingly well. Dogs and wolves are the only drawbacks. ighiYes. . Ives. eedji have 33 wintered in a jng shed, •aw eat ind out em :at my on Yes. Name and Address. Manitoba. D. D. Buchanan, Griyivold Norris Fines, Balmoral VV. B. Hall, Headingly Albert E. Philp, Brandon Geo. Forbes & Sons, Treherne. VV. A. Evans, Rosser Robt Renwick, Carherry . . . . Matthew Kennedy, Lothair . . Agenor Dubuc, I.orette Geo. Bowders, Balmerino . . . . Gilbert Rowan, Parkissimo . . . R. B. Wetherington, Douglas . W. H. Bridgeman, Welhuood. Andrew Johnston, Mowbray, . No. of Cattle and Horses, and How they Winter. Nine.c Well Well Splendidly. Seven horses, 16 cattle ; very well. Thirty-five; very well.. Twenty-six horses ; all go through the winter in good shape. Six horses, 28 cattle .... I have two steers, coming three years old, which would diess 700 lbs , and have never been in a stable. Three horses, 25 cattle ; Keep healthy and fat. very well. How do Cattle thrive on Prairie Pasturage. All they get . Seven horses, 6 cattle ; well. Five horses, 10 cows ; very well. Fifteen ; do well Twenty; very well indeed Twenty ; very well Four horses, 15 cattle. . . Eight horses, 6 cattle . . . Forty-three ; remarkably well. Grandly. . . Splendidl, . Very well . . Grandly. . . Well Well Well Splendidly.. Is Stock-raisin^^ Profitable. Most profitable branch of farming here. Ves Yes. Yes., Yes. , Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes, more so than range cattle. With a limited num- ber. If properly conducted They keep in good condition. Where hay is plenti- ful. How do you winter your Stock. Do Sheep Thrive. In a warm stable, with pi. .y of hay, roots and grain. i We stable our cows only Yes. Feed oats and barley principally for, Ves. cattle, and hay for horses. ' I keep my horses in " bank " stab-jYes. les, feeding them principally straw with a little bran and chopped feed. Cows, calves and oxen are housed, and get hay night and morning, with some chop or oats ; young cattle can live mainly at the straw .stack. Cattle will keep fat on prairie hay, with a little bran and shorts when calving. Feed oat straw and a little grain. . Ves. They thrive, and mutton sells well. Stabled, and fed a little hay and oat straw. Stable them at night, and let them Ves. go to the straw stacks by day. i Feed hay night and morning, and Ves let them pick up straw. Stable, and feed hay and oat straw. Housed ; plenty of hay and water, but little grain. In warm stables, feeding prairie hay, straw, turnips and grain. Milch cows I house ; young cattle run in the sheds and about the stacks. Fairly so. Ves. 22 Name and Address. M.xnitoba. No. of Cattle and Horses, and How they Winter. How do Cattle thrive on Prairie Pasturage. Is Stock-raising Profitable. How do you winter your Stock. Do Sheep Thrive, F. W. Stevenson, ffillviem. . . . Wm. Thompson, Holland Robt. Kxxt\9Xxaa^, Silver Spring R. E. Hopkins, Beresford Alex. Stewart, Caslkavery Donald Fraser. Emerson i Eleven horses, 12 cattle ; 1 well. Four horses, 20 cattle; finely. Three horses, 8 cattle; well, with care. Two horses, 28 cattle. . . Ten horses, 30 cattle; generally well. Eleven horses, iO c.ittle ; well. Seven; pretty well. Thirty-six ; thrive well if kept warm. Thirty-two ; well Twenty ; they do well . . Five horses, 36 cattle. . . Five horses, 62 cattle ; very well. About 60; well About 367 ; thrive splen- didly. Become fat by July. . Never saw better pas- ture. They do well Excellently Yes, because food is unlimited. Yes, with proper care. Yes Stable some, and let others run out, sheltered by sheds. House all the stock in " bank " stables. On prairie hay and straw House at night ; feed hay princi- pally, with plenty of water. House them in a stable, warm, but not too close. Part tied in stable, part loose in sheds. House them only at night, and feed prairie hay, straw, oats, chopped feed and bran. Yes. Yes, if hay is near. .. Yes Pays better than pigs, and less trouble. Keep fat all winter.. Very well Not very ; in southern Manitoba where hay is scarce. Florses pay better than cattle. No Yes. Joseph Tees, Maniloit George Gillespie, Greemnood . . Wm. Macdonaki, I'irden Cornelius Wheatland, Doiiotx , Very well . . • • Thrive, but not always profitable. Would be, except for wolves. Thrive, but do not pay well here. Splendidly in summer Very well Well Thoroughbred stock is profitable ; grade stock is good for milk ; every farmer should keep a few. Yes, if hay alone is fed. Yes In warm stables, feeding hay and chopped feed. In stables, feeding hay, bran, etc., to cows, I stable them at night and feed hay. In stables. Let them out once a day for water but if the weather is cold return them at once. Stable them and feed hav. Thos. Adair, Treherne Always keep fat Well No sheep in this district. John Hopper, Middlechttrch . , . Henry Last, Slone-vall Wm. Walton, Marriitf;littrst . . A. H. Carroll, Carrollton The easiest way to make money. Yes Well Well Not if grain is fed . . . Doubtful Stable them in severe weather and let them roam on pleasant days, feeding straw and some hay. In stables, on straw and hay Yes Excellentlv Rl- t$' 88 Do Sheep Thrive. Yes. Yes. Pays better than pigs, and less trouble. Yes. Name and Address. iManitoba. nd Thrive, but not always profitable. Would be, except for wolves. Thrive, but do not pay well here. No sheep in this district. Yes. F. T. Westwood, Pendtnnis. . . \Vm Smith, Beaver Creek \Vm. S. Wallace, Shellmouth,. George M. Yeomaiis, Dalton . . t| Thos. Hagyard, Pt/ol Mound. . 'I J. Gordon Elliott, Shadelattd . . I ■^ Wtn. Smith, Souris C. C. Oke, Fairburn Alex. Naismith, Millford S. F. Burgess, Seelmrn Charles Findlay, Shoal Lake. . . P. McNaughton, Raven Lake. . Albert McGuffin, Melgund. . . . No. of Cattle and Horses, and How they Winter. How do Cattle thrive] on Prairie PailursjjC. Three horses, 12 cattle ;|Splendidly., well. First rate Exceedingly well. . . .■Always do well . Twenty ; well Eleven ; keep in good iidition. Ten horses 80 cattle ; always well. 1 hirty ; well, with care. jWell Twelve horses, 8 cattle ;jl cannot say. well Five ; well Better thanin Ontario Three horses, 33 cattle ; Grandly, well. ' Five horses, 13 cattle ; well, if you give them plenty to eat Nine ; excellently Forty-seven ; very well . Fourteen horses, 6 cattle; well. Four ; horses get into the best condition and cat tie hold their own. Splendidly.. Well. Very well They grow fat on it. , Is Stock-raising Profitable. How do ycu winter your Slock. Yes Certainly . 'Feed horses with straw, hay and oats ; (he cattle run out most of the time. Just as I would do in Ontario . . . Stable lliem and feed h.iy. Ye.s. Where hay is cheap . No Yes.. Not by itself here. With a limited num- ber Yes. It is all they get Yes. , Yes. Hay and water. Do Sheep Thrive. Yes. Stable them and feed hay Let them run to the straw stack . . . In warm stables, feeilin^' hay and oats. Cattle can run at the sLicks most of the winter. To horses we feed hay and oats, with a little bran when workini;. Milking cows shouKl have hay thiee times a day, with an oat-sheaf twice a day. Younp; cattle will thrive on gooil oat straw. They should go out only on warm days. House them, and feed straw and hay with a good share of turnips. Let them out during the day, when they pick up straw and chaff. Put them iu stables at night and feed hay. House them and feed prairie hay ; they will come out ' in the spring. Stabled at night ; they u ill do well without any shelter. Feed on prairie hay, oat straw, etc. Thrive well if attended to Yes. Yes. Thrive well on hay, and are more profitable than cattle. Yes. Remarkably so. This dry region is highly suitable for sheep, and they are profitable. Yes. u - »mm "m 24 • !;|: iii ( Name and Address. Manitoba. No. of Cattle and Horses, and How they Winter. How do Cattle thrive on Prairie Pasturage. Is Stock-raising Profitable. How do you winter your Stock. Do Sheep Thrive. Thos. A. Sharpe, Adelpha W. B. Thomas, Cypress River. . S. W. Chambers, Wattsvitw... Twenty ; my cattle are mainly recorded short- horns, and thrive well if fed enough. Ten; well Twenty-three ; thrive when housed. .Six cattle ; better than in Ontario. Seventy-five; very well. Twenty-three ; unusually well. Seven horses, 6 cattle; well. Thirteen cattle ; do well Eighteen ; very well if properly cared for. Very well Ves, and it will be necessary to keep up the land. Ves 1 Stable them and feed hay, straw, Profitable wher.i wolves Snlendidlv.. roots and good grain. are not numerous. Stabled at night, and running to Yes. Get fat Certainly ; the ma- nure alone is worth the trouble. Yes Quite so the stacks by day. [ House all stock, and feed regularly I Ves. veiv orofitable. John Kemp, Austin \Vm. Corbett, Springfield John Gumming, Minnedosa. . . . J. Q. Sumner, Atnaiid Geo. H. Halse, Brandon Could not be better , First fate prairie hay and a little grain. In log stables, fed wilh wild hay at night. On hay, straw and roots On hay, wilh a little grain to the young ones and to cows giving milk. On hay. I have my grain threshed as closely as possible to the sta- bles, and the cattle are turned to the straw stacks when the wea- ther i' not stormy. On cut feed, two parts oat straw with bran. Some I stable, others go to the straw stacks in a sheltered place. Cows and oxen get nothing but hay, and do well on it in a sod stable. Ves. Yes. Very well Of course it is Yes, as feed is cheap. Yes, counting in the manure. Yes Within certain limits. First rate Well W. J. Heiliwell, Ralphton .... Jas. McConechy, Virden Excellentlv. . « Yes : I have 20. Fatten on it alone. . Yes. r^B> Do Sheep Thrive. iw, Profitable wher.; wolves are not numerous. to Yes. irly Ves, veiy profitable. Y at Ves. Yes. the ving ihed sta- ll to wea- traw traw Yes ; I have 20. hay, ible. Yes. 25 MIXED FARMING, DAIRYING AND FRUIT. As has been foreshadowed by the answers to one of the questions in the last section, there are few farmers in Manitoba who do not believe that it is far- he best way to combine stock raising with grain-growing. The ordinary dictates of prudence '' on the principle of not putting all your eggs in one basket," as t>ne correspondent expresses it, point in this direction. The only dissentient voices come from some limited districts, generally in the extreme southern part of the Province, where pasturage is not so abundant as elsewhere. Closely connected with this is the subject of dairying ; but here the answers, while altogether affirmative as to the extraonlinary suitability of Manitoba In climate, natural pasturage, and purity of air and water, are divided as to the question of profit. The dillicuUy seems to be that the home market is limited : Beverlhelesj, the quality of the milk given by cows feeding on the prairie is so high, and .Manitoba baiter and cheese have proved themselves so superior, that Ihere is no question that in a short time dairying will become a leading industry there. Water seems to be plentiful everywhere at a depth o( a few feet below the surface, while springs, running streams or sloughs are accessible to the live ^tock of almost every farm. The list of wild fruits of Manitoba is a long one, as will be seen below, and these native berries and tree-fruits are abundant and luxuriant. In many bases they have been transplanted and cultivated with good efl'ect, while the small fruits of the garden grow to perfection in Manitoba, and cherries, plums of Various kinds, and the hardier apples, thrive amazingly. Along the southern border of the Province, the less hardy apples, grapes and the like, are rapidly being Acclimatized and made succes^ful. Manitoba is quite as far advanced toward fruit-growing as could be expected of her, and there is every reason to believe that before many years a large variety of fruits now cultivated only experimentally, will become adapted to the local conditions and generally grown. Questions : ,. — If^/iai is your opinion of mixed farming, i. e. , -stock raising and grain groruing combined ! 1, — What is your opii'ion of Manitoba as a dairying country ! ■3. — Have you tUnty of water on your farm, and if so, how obtained, 4. — Give the name of wild and cultivated fruits grown I J'ame and Address.— Manitoba Mixed Farming. Dairying. E Stirton, Cartwrighl jThe most profitable in this It has a better climate part of the Province. Stephen Birks, Barnsley Stock raising and graingrow- I ing certainly ought to go together. K. Ross, Deloraine It pays best than Ontario for mak- ing cheese. It will be the leading dairying country of the world. Dairying will pay where plenty of native hay can be obtained. Water. Abundance 4 feet below sur- face. From a depth of 122 feet.... Kruits : a. Wild ; b. Cultivated. Wild ~V\wxn%, gooseberries, currants, straw- berries, raspberries and cherrie-s. Cultivated — Strawberries, currants, t;ooseberries. Strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, plums, cherries, saskatoons and nuts. Plenty from wells 20 ittlVVild — Saskatoons, cranberries, strawberries, deep. I plums, raspberries, currants. Cultivated — j red, black and white currants. WSS^T" mmmmmmmtmimi 20 ■ i ! i i Name and Address. — Manitoba James McConechy, Virden .. .. W, J. llelliwell, Kalphton. . . . Albert McGuffin, Melsuiid J. J. Cochrane, Deloraine Geo. H. liaise, Dratidon J. Q. Sumner, Artiatid, John Cummings, Minmdosa . . . Thos. A. Sharpe, Addpha Agenor Dubur, Lorette John Kemp, Austin W. B. Hall, Htadiiisly Wm. Corbett, Springfield Geo. G. Downie, Crystal City. Norris Fines, Balmoral Mixed Farm..ig. Just the thing The only successful way. . Pays better than grain alone Most profitable The only successful way.. . . Makes success sure Ought to be followed here. . Only way to continue pros- perity. It pays best in Provencher county. The only profitable way. . . . The best plan The proper way. Foundation of success here . Generally practised here Dairying. Water. Fruits : a, Wild ; *, Cultivated. Excellent Well, 16 feet deep J the thing. Far ahead of Ontario... . A good place ; but milk- ing cows require extra food in the fall. Can't be beaten It is a good place Excellent dairying region Generally good Could not be better. Very good Well adapted to it in all its departments. Cannot be beaten. Just the place .... Plenty j 10 to 16 feet . Souris River and a well 24 feet deep. Plenty from wells 10 to l.'j feet deep. I Yes, from a well 80 ft. deep All I can use, from a well 6.? feet deep, made with a 14 inch augur ; cost $BS. Well, 18 feet deep Plenty from springs Seine River and an artesian well. Well, 12 feet deep Assiniboine River Plenty from a well 40 feet deep. River and deep well . Well, 8 feet deep . . . iVild — Saskatoons, r>-anberries, strawberries, plums, currants. Cultivated — Red, black and white currants. Jf'/A/— Cherries, high bush cranberries, plums, currants, gooseberries. Cultivated — All small fruits. /KrVi/— Plums, currants, gooseberries and cran- berries. Apples and all the small fruits are grown. IVild — Cherries, high-bush cranberries, plums, currants, gooseberries. Cultivated — All small fruits, Wild — Plums, strawberries, grapes, blueberries. fF/W— Strawberries, currants, rasplierries, sas- katoons, cranberries. Cultivated— Canants, gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries. I'P'ild — Strawberries, currants, raspberries, sas- katoons, cranberries. Cultivated — (Currants, gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries. W^/'/i/— Pears and all the other fruits mentioned above. None cultivated. Same lists as given above. /K/Vi/— Plums, saskatoons, blueberries, cran- berries (12 varieties), strawberries and rasp- berries. Cultivated — Plums (3 varieties), currants, two raspberries and strawberries. IVild — Plums, saskatoons, blueberries, cran- berries (12 varieties), strawberries and rasp- berries. Cultivated — Plums (3 varieties), currants, two raspberries and strawberries. Currants and gooseberries principally. Two cultivated crab apples, and other small fruits as above. 87 erries, strawberries, (ivateti— lied, black I cranberries, plums, ':ullivate(i—M\ small (oseberries and cran- ruiis are grown. s, grapes, blueberries. ints, rasplierries, sas- Cultivated— C\xxi&n\.&, s, strawberries, ants, raspberries, sas- CuUivated—CwxxAn\s, IS, strawberries, uther fruits mentioned ;d. Name and Address. — Manitoba.! Mixed Farming. Dairying. Water .S. \V. Chambers, tVattsvie-w, Just the thing. W. B. Thomas, Cypress River. .Every farmer should do so. Chas. Wil.son, Treherne ] The best w.iy K. W. Stevenson, Hill View , . iThe true way Harold Elliott, Morden Kobt. Campbell, Bridj^e Creek. Henry McCleod, Carherry . ... W. A. Evans, Rosser P. J. McNaughton, Raven Lake Charles Findlay, Shoal Lake . . . J. G. Elliott, Shadeland. S, F. Burgess, Seehiirn Alex. Naismith, Millford, Fruits: a. Wild; b. Cultivated. Surest way to get ahead. . . It pays best where the farm is adapted to both. With moder.ite capital it is undoubtedly the safest and most profitable. Pays better than grain alone The proper mode Splendid place, as cows Spring at the house and All the small fruits fed on the native grass- creek for farm. es yield a large quan-, tity of very rich milk. I Very good Pond, -.id well 12 feet deep All the small fruits. Could not be beaten .... Well, 18 feet deep None better ; cows make Plenty ; well 12 feet deep more butter here than in Ontario, lust suited to dairying,. None better Every farmer in Manitoba should follow it. The best way The best way Pays if hay is convenient . . . D. D. Buchanan, Gristuold.. Alf. Walker, Sheppardville., R. S. Conklin, Sunnyside. . B. R. Hamilton, Neepawa. . . Thos. D. Perdue, Richlands. Andrew Johnston, Motubray.. Best place in the Domin- ion. Constant spring All the small fruits. All the small fruits. All the small fruits. All the small fruits. Abundance from wells lOCurrants and gooseberries are the principal feet deep, sunk in 2 days.i fruits cultivated. Can't be beaten | Plentiful, well 15 feet deep. Eminentlysuitedtodairy- Shoal Lake First class Wells 9 to 16 feet deep . . . Much the best way . Will pay well The only way for a small farmer It pays .Safest and easiest system . . . Safe and profitable Good for that purpose. . . Best in the world, because in June and July the prairie grass remains green and the nights are cool. This locality is not suited to it — too many weeds Especially adapted to it Best I ever heard of Good Very suitable. None better.. . A creek Plenty ; wells 20 feet deep.. Never failing wells of good water 20 feet deep. Big slough for stock and well for the house. Excellent water at 22 feet . . Excellent water at 22 feet . . Excellent water at 22 feet . A spring. -j^-^jj" Wild fruits in plenty, but few cultivated. Lists as above. Cranberries, black currants and saskatoon<<. Lists as above. Lists as above. Lists as above. Lists as above. Lists as above. Lists as above- Lists as above. Lists as above. 28 Name and Address. — Manitoba Mixed Farminj;. Dairying. Water. Fruits : a. Wild ; b. Cultivated. Thoi. Framci VirJen Any person of moc -ate means would be (oolish to trust to grain 'growin^^ alone, for in case of failure he has nothing to fall back upon. It always does well under efficient management. Most successful way Hest wav Some parts of the Prov- ince cannot be beaten for dairying. Dairying will not pay nviw if it is nece.ssary to hiro help. Grass a.- ' climate both favorai.ie Hard to surpass it Hard to surpass it Good ; the cows saved us last year. Certainly ; first rate on the I'urllc mountains. Good, where you have good water. I have a well 28 ft. deep, but in summer cattle generally get water in sloughs. Abundance in wells 12 to 20 feet deep. River and well Lists as above. All the small fruits. Crab apples and various small fruits. Strawberries, raspberries, black and redcurr Plums and currants. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore ; appK.s, mulberries, &c. not thrive. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. All the wild berries can be cultivated. All the wild berries can be cultivated. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. Lists as heretofore. Cleo. M. Yeomans, Dattoii . . . . Wm Smith. Sonfis . . John George, Ni'lson S. A. Ward, Ctandcboye C. Wheatland, Doiiore Thos. Hagyard, Pilot Mound. . C. C. Oke, Fiiirhurii Wm. Thompson, Jlollaiid F. T. Westwood, Pindi-iiilis .. . Well 16 feet deep Plenlv at 24 feet Hest way 1 could not (arm in any other way. Most pri)fitab!e course It pays to keep 25 or iJO cat- tle and horses The only profitable method. The only profitable method, lust the thinu ints Well, 50 feet deep Wells, in shale, 20 feet Wells, 18 feet deep Springs, open all winter.. . . do A. 11. Carroll, Ciirrotltott .'^plendid (Jood Easily obtained .Springs and wells Slough, and a well 16 ft. deep Red River and a well Well 12 feet deep Well 16 feet deep las. Muir, /)ou^/as No success otherwise No success otherwise Best way, where possible... Best way, where possible . . Hest way, where possible. . . Best way, where possible. . . Hest way, where possible. . . Best system. It keeps you in work and gives some thing to fall back on The only safe plan The best way G. U. White, Pox/on John S. Mackay, A'a/>id City . S. R. Henderson, Kildoiian... Jos. E Paynter, Betilah Wm. Somerville, Montvftorc . . . Thos. M. Kennedy, Meitola.... T. McCartney, Port, la Prairie Andrew Davison, Green Ridge. L. Wilson, Stockton The milk o( three cows for four months made $ir3.35 worth of cheese. Unsurpassed. Unsurpassed Unsurpassed rienty from a well 12 feet deep. Well 20 feet deep Well 20 feet deep Very cood Cannot be beat 3!) Name and Address.— Manitoba. Wm. J. Brown, Aftlita VV. S. Moody, h'oiint/iit'aite . Joseph Charles, Oaklaihl. . . , O. C. Wright, Boissevain Mixed Farming. Dairying. The best way The best way Gives work for all the boys and girls of a large family; and cattle form a crop that grows summer and winter liut for young men home- steading grain growing is best. The bust way Cannot be beat Creek on the farm . . . Creek and well 18 feel. Water. The milk is far richer than that of the cows in Ontario. Jas. Little, Oak River James Drury, Rapid City . . . The best way. Wm. Lindsay, Emerson The best way Walter Cray, C/iater Most remunerative and cer- tain Roland McDonald, Lowestoft.. Well 11 foet deep plenty of water. gives Abundance ; two wells Lists as heretofore. Fruits : a, Wdd ; /', Cultivated. Lists as heretofore. Plum, cherry, saskatoon. All the wild fruits known in Manitoba grow here. All the hardy kinds can be cultivated. The Canadian blueberry might, and uugh to be, added. G. R. Black, Wcllwood R. E. Hopkins, Beresford.... Henry Last, Stonewall John Hopper, Middlechiirch. Geo. Gillespie, Greenwood . Joseph Tees, Manitou .... Alex. Stewart, Castleavery Wm. Irwine, Almasippi. Thos. A. Jackson, Miiinedosa. , George Bowders, Balmerino. . . Wm. Walton, Marringhurst. . . The pasture produces an abundant flow of rich milk. Good I Well and springs Cultivated fruits do well. Good iWell 15 feet deep Lists a< heretofore. Good I Plenty at 18 feet /F;7i/-Grapes and plums. Cultivated- K\\ sorts Good I Poor well, 18 feet deep. ... Only sure way Only way if your market is distant The proper way The proper way Saf'-st and easiest plan Best way The only profitable way . . . Should be practiced where- ever hay can be got. Absolutely necessary The best way Best adapted to the country. On the plan of never having all your eggs in one bas- ket, mixed farming should always be carried on. Fairly good ; here. Good little done Plenty ; well K'O feet deep .The usual lists. Plenty at 40 feet jThe usual lists. Abundant ; well 23 ft. deep Lists as heretofore. Wells 70 feet (Uep . ■Lists as heretofore. iNone better \'ery good Pays where hay is plenti- Inexhaustible well, .58 feet. .:Lists as heretofore I ful. j Pretty goo'lray \Vm. Thompson, Holland. . . . Robt. Uunsmuir, "rii/^f Creek. Wm. Walton, Man inghurst . . . A. H. Carroll, Carrollton W. S. Wallace, Shellmottth . . Alex. Stewart, Castkavery . . , Best Time to Come. March or April ; then the settler can get early to work. March or April ; then the settler can get early to work. If one has capiial; in the fall ; if not, in the spring. Spring What to Bring. Clothing only. Early spring Early spring July or August, in time to cut hay and put up stables. Middle of May, so as to select his loca- tion comfortably. Nothing.. Nothing ; but all the money he can collect. Change of clothes.. As little as he can . As little as he can. Abundance of bedding and clothing, but no house furnishings. Blankets and warm under- clothing. Satisfaction with Prospects. Well pleased with present and future.. I am General Remarks. I am. I am. Yes., Yes . We have prospered in a way we never could hope for had we remained at borne. Yes., A settler can generally tent a piece of land that has been cultivated, and secure a crop the first year, much better than by sowing on the new sod. If many of our friends in Ontario, or the Old Country, knew how easily they could make a comfortable living here, I am sure none of them would hesitate to come. Land is cheap and easily cultivated ; labor brings good returns, and the necessaries of life are easily obtained. I know all about Ireland, have been in England, through the Southern States and in Ontario, and I am satisfied that Manitoba is ahead of them all for farming. This is the country for any man not afraid to work. I got burnt out two years ago last spring, and lost every- thing, but after all I am not discouraged. After I took up land I had to work out to earn money to get along. I was sick for over a year before coming here, and iiow can work like a man. An excellent country for all who are not afraid to work, and are ready to give up the conventionalities of older countries, also for those who wish to start their families in a free, independent life at but small cost. A grand agricultural country for any who feel disposed to work. There are many near here who began five years ago with nothing who to-day are quite comfort- able, in fact they are the ones who succeed. A colonist whose means are limited, should not hope to work a farm single-handed ; if he has help in his fam- ily, good ; if not, he should try to be accompanied by a friend, or settle near some one with whom he can exchange work. In new settlements here hired labor is expensive and cannot be employed with profit. Manitoba is just the country for industrious young m'-n with small or large capital : and for good laboring men who do not mini work, as in a little while they may have farms of their own. -'^'f**mmmmmmi 35 Name and Address. Manitoba. J. J. Cochrane, Oeloraine . F. T. Westwood, Peiidennis. J. Q. Sumner, Arnaud. S. R. Henderson, A'«7(/(7«a«. G. C. Wright, Boissevain . . . Wm. J. Brown, Melita Geo. G. Nagy, Kosser S. D. Barr, Neepawa J. E. Paynter, Beulah J. W. Newton, Wellwood. . . . A G. Wakefield, Rossburn . . Best Time to Come. March Early spring. May March April April or May March March March April March What to Bring. Clothing only. Satisfaction with Prospects. Yes. As little as he can jFully , Little or nothing. If I can't get along here I would have a poor chance else where. Nothing but clothing. Woollen clothing and ding. Woollen clothing and ding. Woollen clothing and ding. Woollen clothing and ding. Yes., bed- Yes.. bed-, I am not Nothing. . Clothing. Nothing ut the cook Very well satisfied. General Remarks. i To those with capital and who have no previous experi- ence of farming, I would recommend the buying of an improved farm and they will save money ; taking care that the houses and stables are good and comfortable, with a good well and a good sized slough or lake near by for the cattle in summer, with plenty of hay land. There is an increasing demand, at good wages, for young men and women servants. Having travelled all over this Province, I fmd Southern Manitoba llie best land and the best climate in the Province. Manitoba is a place where a man or woman c^n make a comfortable home ami lay by a consideralile sum to enable them to live without working when old age comes. But they must come with the determination of working, not as a good many do come, to shoot and fool away time and expect to grow rich in that way. The crops this year show that Manitoba stands llrst. New s'Htiers should try to get close to a good market, like Winnipeg. I believe this soil capable of supporting 12 persons on eaoh quarter-section. I would recommend southwestern Manitoba. I advise new comers to hire themselves to farmers the first year. Any person coming to .Manitoba, who is willing to work, can do well farming, if he does not go too fast for his means. Anyone with a small capital and willing to work need have no fear of coming to Manitoba, where, upon a free grant of 100 acres, he can in a very short time acquire the independence he n'ver could obtain in the Old Country. A man with energy can get along here ; a man coming to this country must make up his mind that he has to work, if he intends to make a home for himself. I iiT.«* 1 M Name and Address. Maniloba. liest Time to Come. G. R. lilack, [Velhvood John A. Martin, Rapid City. . K. H. Witheringlon, Douglas. Wm. A. Doyle, Betilah G. Rowan, Parkissimo. John Spencer, Emerson F. Brydon, Portage la Prairie Wm. Corbett, Springfield. . . . A. T. Tyerman, Lothair . Peter A. I.eask, Virden. , James Drury, Rapid City\. May or June April .\pril .March ... . Spring . In May. Spring Spring Spring Spring April WJiat to Bring. Nothing, Underclothing Clothing only Underwear, beddmg and Ves, boots. Satisfaction with Prospects. I am ; I would not return East. Ves I am Warm clothing only.. . Clothing and bedding. Clothing only Clothing only Clothing only Bed clothing and stockings. Plenty of warm clothing, blankets, householrl uten- sils, and such furniture as can easily be packed, books, piclures, carpets and curtains, but no china or glassware. Pretty well Prospects are brighter than formerly Yes Quite Yes Yes Yes. General Rer.arks. I find Manitoba much better than several localities in the United States that I have tried. Taking into account its infancy and isolation from the world's -..larkets, this Province has made more rapid s'.iiucs than any country in the world, and its agricul- 'urists have more to show for their labor than those of any p^irt of America ; but drones will starve even in this hive. I have been in a good many of the Western .States and I don't think any of them offer the same inducement to a settler of limited means that Manitoba does. I think Manitol)!'. as fine a country as any one could wish to settle in for farming ; a man who is able and willing to work cannot help but get on. I would strongly advise settlers from England to settle together as much as possible. There is no better country for a poor farmer. I would advise incomers to largely discount their pre- vious experience, and strongly recommend intending farmers to spend at least one year with a farmer here before starting for themselves. Wish I had come earlier. I struggled hard in Ontario, but did not make half as much progress as here. Since I started in 1883, besides breaking 350 acres of my father's syndicate farm in Ontario, I have broken 160 on my own place. I cut and stacked 300 acres with the help of one man. I have 4,000 bushels of wheat, 3,000 of oats and (500 of barley plowed and put in with the same help. Where is the country in the world can beat that ? Any man desirous of possessing land of his own cannot do better than come out here ; the climate is healthy, soil cannot be improved, scenery varied and picturesque, good markets and railway facilities, also schools and churches wiihin reach. 87 Name and Address. Manitoba. W. W. Grimmett, Elm Valley J. Connell & Son, Creeford. . , D. D. Young, Brandon Wm. Lindsay, Emerson Walter Gray, C/tater G. W. White, Foxion James Muir, Douglas Geo. Bowders, Balmerino. . . . Joseph Charles, Oakland Albert McGuffin, Melgund . . F. W. Stevenson, Ifill View Best Time to Come, April March April or May. Early spring. Early spring. What to Bring. Woollen clothes and blankets Nothing ; one will know better what he needs alter he gets here. Only personal luggage.. . . Clothing and bedding... . Flannel and substantial clothing. Early spring Clothing and bedding.. . . Satisfaction, with Prospects. General Remarks. Yes Perfectly I am ; would be sorry to leave it. Early spring Nothing.. Early spring. Early spring, in time to break and back- set. Early spring, in time to break and back set. Early spring, in time to break and back set. Bedding and clothing. A wife and the old family Bible ; nothing more. Children are all wanted here, and especially grown gills, for wives are scarce. Clothing, furs and bedding. Filot cloth coats and bedding Yes Yes Well satisfied., Yes ; prospects are good. Yes. Yes ; more than satis- fied. Yes. No desire for a better climate, and my prospects are bright. Yes Keep a close grip on your c.ish, buy everything good, and profit by ihe experience of others Oxen are the most suitable for a man o( moderate means. We have bettered our condition by coming. A man is his o~Mn master here, and with good health, plenty of good land and a will to work must get on well. Manitoba is the proper place for farmers with limited means or large lamilies. If a man is ste.idy, f-ugal and industrious he can make himself comparatively independent in a few years. I have travelled over the four continants and have never beheld such fields of grr^n as I saw this year in this province. I have this year about 2,000 bushels of wheat and 1,000 bushels of oats. There is improved land to buy near here at a reasonable price. Would strongly advise young men with limited means, or tenant farmers, to come ; there is room for all, and a home and independence for those willing to work. I have gardened since my childhood ; farmed since my boyhood, and I am now an old man, and I can say that a man or boy can do four times as much work on a farm here as he could do on the best larm I ever saw before I capie here. To the paper manufacturers of England tht.e is a boundless market, in the middle of a continent, with railroads from sea to sea, and with straw, reeds, rushes and prairie hay for almost nothing. In a few years a settler can become very comfortable, owning a large farm free from incumbrances, consider- able stock and comfortable buildings. There is no healthier country, nor any country in the world where a steady, industrious man can sooner be- come independent. ;■ f\!i>>^\ .— \l 38 Name aiiti Aildress. Manitoba. S. W. Chambers, IVattiview. . I!est Time to Come May Geo. G. Uownie, Crystal City. In spring. \V. B. UM, Hnidinxly April '1'. McCartney, I'oit. la Prairie R. S. Conkiin, Sunny side . . . . Kobt. Campbell, Bridge Creek. Walter A. Evans, A'osser Alfred Pickering, Austin. April ., Spring Spring , Early spring Early spring. Henry McLeod, Carheiiy | Early spring What to Bring. Clothing only. Satisfaction with Prospects. Yes ; in every way. Only clothing Yes ; decidedly. Buy everything in Winnipeg Yes Clothing only Plenty of clothing only. Clothing and bedding only.. Clothing and bedding only.. Plenty of clothes and bed- ding. One change of clothes.. Yes. Very well. I am. Prospects bright. Fully General Remarks. To the man ready to work, and who knows, or is apt to learn something of farm work and management, Man- itoba oflTers a competence in a very few years. It is in every way a splendid agricultural country and eminently suitable for successful settlement . Manitoba offers to beginners the best advantages for the least outlay of capital, and I regard it as the best agri- cultural country in ihe world. After nearly thirty years experience I can safely recom- mend this country to the intending emigrant. Perse- vering industry and a capital of a few hundred dollars will ensure success. A settler should arrive early and rent a piece of cnltivated land to put a crop in, and if he takes up a homestead he can go on and break for next year. I think this is the best country i the world for a poor man to get a start in, if he is only industrious and steady. The settlers in this country are always willing to help a man if he is willing to help himself. This is the oldest and most prosperous municipality in Mani- toba, yet there is plenty of room. Any man that has health and a good share of strength and energy, and means enough to make a start on a farm, need have no fear aljout getting along here. I do not think that this country can be beaten, as it is good for all kinds of farming and it is healthy. My mother (age 75), who came out with me, has not had a day's sickness yet, although in each of the last three winters before coming out she had had a severe attack of bronchitis, and had she not come out would not have lived another winter. Manitoba can beat the world in growing grain, and any- one with good health and willing to -./ork is bound to succeed. If people would plough more in the .all, sow earlier in the spring, and cut the grains a gi k1 deal greener than they do, especially wheat, the samples would be even, better, and less complaints of loss by f ost. I had 2,400 bushels this year. Name Alf. Walker Matt. Kenn< Roland McL Albert E. PI G. Forbes & Wm. H. Wil M. G Abey, D. D. Buchi Wm. I r wine L. Wilson, . 89 Name and Address. Manitoba. Alf. Walker, Shcppardville . Matt. Kennedy, I.othair Roland McDonald, Lowestoft. Albert E. Philp, Brandon. G. Forbes & Sons, Treherne Wm. H. Wilson, Deloraine . . M, G Abey, Chatsr D. D. Buchanan, Griswold. Win. Irwine, Almasippi L. Wilson, Stockton .... .March Clothinj, and bedding .. . Elarly spring Plenty of warm clothing. May or June ; as he .Serviceable clothing can get some land' broken and goodj wages for the after] part of the year. April or .May 'Warm clothing only.. . . Best Time to Come.i What to Bring. Satisfaction with Prospects. i am I am \es. Ves ; would change. not As early as possible, i Not much Ves March or April I Nothing , March or April . . . May or June April March .... Warm bedding only.. Yes ; climate healthy and prospects bright I am Yes. Clothing, bedding and house Yes ; highly satisfied linen, and by all means ai and hopeful box of carpenter's tools . . I Corduroy and moleskin Perfectly, and intend clothes. to stay here. General Kemarks. I can heartily recommend life on the prairie to young men with a little capital an>' plenty of perseverance. A good place for farmers with liille money. I can make an easier living here, with a small capital, than in Ontario. The man who is willinsj to work, and can bring S2,000 with him to this country, can be indL-pen'ient in live years if lie will profit by the experience of tliose around him and leave liehind him his former ideas of farming. A new comer ou^^lil to woik mit the lir^t year and Itarn the w.iys of the country. I luve bettered the condi- tion of my family more in five years here than during thirty in Ontario Agriculturally speaking, the country c.mnol be excelled. I reached Winnipeg, April 13, 1880 ; was in debt then and worked in service for about two years ; commenc- ed farming in IHS'2 on a h(miestead ; purchased 160 acres for ^800, deeded to me in March ; cost of horses and implements 918)7. .Now 1 have over 8.500 in bank to my credit, and the greater part of the past season's crop unsold. So much for agriculture in Manitoba. This is the country for young and healthy men. .Stock 1,1 sing will be more profitable than wheat growing, if prices of wheat and labor remain as at present. Far- mers can live as easily here as in any country in the world. I would not live or work in the Old Country now. Settlers coming early and remaining here will soon find themselves in good circumstances. They need not fear the climate ; this invigorating air will be a grand surprise even to the healthy. Let them bring out their wives and daughters. 1 ••■ t; \ ...'.'•ft rl 10 CONCLUDING REMARKS. Since the foregoing has lieen put in type large numbers of letters have been received. They are generally of a very encouraging character, and fully bear out the statement that no other known country affords better opportunities for successful farming than the Canadian Nortliwest. A few of these are appended, and will be read.with interest. Winnipeg, December 21st, 1887. PROM EGAN BROTHERS, ROSSBR. J. H. McTAVhSH, Esq., /.ami Commissioner, C. P. A'., IVinnipeg. Dear ."^ir : It may be interesting to you to know the result of our farming operations during the past season, upon land in the vicinity of Winnipeg, which is so often reported to be valueless and non-productive as farming land. On the 24ih of May we purchased 430 acres of land near Rosser Station, within 15 miles from Winnipeg, in a district in which there has hitherto been very little or no cultivation. SVe paid $7,500 for the property, the buildings on it alone (erected by an English " gentleman farmer," whose funds gave out) being worth that amount, consequently the land itself stands us nothing. The farm had not been cultivated, with the exception of 70 acres, for several years, and was conse- quently in a nearly wild state, having grown up to weeds, etc. On the "^Tth of May last we commenced ploughing, followint' up at once with the seeders, sowing at a rate of 6J bushels per acre of wheat and 3^ bushels per ave of oats. Of the 380 aores broken by us, the following division of crops was made : ?6 acres Wheat. n " Barley. 250 " Oats. In addition to the above, our vegetables were put in a piece of land containing 32 acres, which had been cultivated, the acreage for each variety being 14 acres Potatoes. 16 " Turnips. Beets. Cabbages. ' Onions, Carrots. Radishes. Our returns upon the above acreage were as follows : Wheat (graded No. 1 hard) 900 bush, sold in Winnipeg at $0 57 per bush $ 513 00 Barley (sold to brewery for malting) 19C0 " 40 " 760 00 Oats. .12750 40 25 3187 60 ~W 41 Potatoes 3000 bush, sold in Winnipeg at $0 36 per bush 9760 00 Beets 60 " Onions 60 " Carrots 60 " Radishes 60 " Turnips (retained for our own use) COOO " Cabbages (retained for our own use) 1600 head, Hay (cut alongside farm) 300 tons, 60 ac 60 40 m 36 00 62 60 25 00 20 00 760 00 3 each 48 00 4 00 per ton, 1200 00 $7!)«1 00 We would particularly call your attention to the very late date upon which we began our work, our harvest having been done during the first week in August, a little over two months after seeding. Yours truly, Kgan Hrotiiers (per Kdward Kcan), Corner of Graham and tiarry streets, Winnipeg. P. S. — You are doubtless aware that this is our first attempt at farming, our business being railway contracting, and, considering this fact, I feel that we have done remarkably well, as, barring our own work (we did not hire any labor), we realized tnough from one crop to pay the original price of the land, and have now the valuable property to the good, and our success this year has decided us to adopt farming in Manitoba as our future calling. Tell this, if you like, to the suffering farmers of Ontario, and if your story is doubted, refer them to me and my brothers. E. E. FROM THR IIRANDON DISTRI^-^. Kemnay, January 16th, 1888. I take great pleasure in giving a correct statement of all the crop I had on my farm, which is situated on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, seven miles west of the city of Brandon. I had 146 acres of wheat, from which the trial yield the past season was C,810 bushels. One piece of 46 acres of sum- mer fallow gave 2,240 bushels, being an a^ erase of 5*i bushels per ncre. and 100 acres averaged 45 bushels per acre. I had also 45 acres of oats, which yielded 8,160 bushels, an avcraKe of 70 bushels per aci'e. Ofl 6 acres of barley I had 387 bushels. I planted about }i of an acre potatoes and had 226 bushels good, dry, mealy potatoes. The yield of roots and ^ xrden vegetables was large and of good quality. In conclusion I would say that previous to coming to Ontario, Canada, I had farmed in one of the best agricultural districts of Germany, and after coming to Canada I farmed twelve years in the county of Waterloo, Ont. I removed to Manitoba in March, 1881 ; that summer I broke 190 acres, off which I reaped in 1885 a tine crop of wheat, fully as good as this year. My two sons have farms joining mine, and their crops yield equally as large as mine. I must say that farming has paid me better in this Province than in Ontario or the Fatherland, * • (Signed), Christian Senkbeil. — t r . V '^^hai.mmtKrS-- FROM MOOSOMIN, N. W. T. MOOSOMIN, N. VV. T. RiinRc HO and 31, Township 14, four miles from station. Came to the country in 1888, and settled in present location. Amount of capital, $18,000. Acreage now owned, 4,000. l/'ndcr crop in 1887, COO acres. Present capital, $40,000. Yield per acre, 1887, BO liushels, average. Live stock, 14 horses. I am pleased to give my experience since I came to this country. My success has been far beyond my expectations. 1 am fully convinced for extensive farming, wholly grain or mixed fanning, it cannot be surpassed. I think Moosomin district is equalled by few and surpassed by no other point in Manitoba or the North- West Territories. Moosomin is a lirst-class grain market and is growing rapidly in importance. (Signed), J. R. Nekf, EXTRACTS FROM OTHER LETTERS. W. CovRNi.or-K— S 37, T. 11, R. 28, near Griswold. llnd 60 bnsliclM of whvnt per acre on 5 acres, and 37 bushels per acre on 'J>10 nrroK. Samuel IIamna— s. 7, 'I'. 10, K 22, near diiswold. Hud an average of 40 liniiliels or wheat per acre, on 990 acres. John Vounc— S. 1, I', 10. K. 23. JIud 7S bushels of %vlieat from one acre. Alkx. Jo.insto.n— Near Dlkhorn. An avcrnKC of 41 bushels wheat per acre on 14 acres. Gp.n. I'Ki KMAN— Near Mkhorn. An avprH{{e Of 37^ buKlicIs of wheat per arre on HO acres. Tiios. WodD— 10 miles north of Virden. Had an average of 6't bushels ot wheat on S acres, (31 «t bushels ot wheat from A ai'i'CN). RiciiAKi) Tai'I'- South of Virden. Had an average of 31 bushels of wheat on 20 acres. Thos. Uoiiier— Half a mile north of Moosomin. Had forty ttcrcs of Wheat averaging 38 bushels to the acre. J. K. Nki-i'— Three miles north of Moosomin. Had llA acres of Wheat, averaging 37 bushels to the acre. G. T. (MiF.Asi.Ev—t^our miles north east from Alexander. Had an average of 43 bushels per acre on lOO acres of wheat. A. Niciioi.— Four miles norih-east of Alexander. Had ISO acres wlicat averaging 40 bushels per acre. H. Touc'iiiiouR.NR— Four miles north-west of Alexander. Had an average of 40 bushels per acre on lOO acres of wheat. W. Watt— South-west of Alexander. Had 80 acres wheat with an average of 40 bushels per acre. Rout. Kockrs— Ne.ir Elkhorn. Had lO acres of wheat averaging 40 bushels per acre. Wm. W1';nman, from Kent, farmer, Plum Creek ; came 1881 ; capital about $1,000 ; took up homestead and pre-emption for self and two sons, 960 acres in all ; has over 8000 bushels of wheat this year ; three teams of horses worth Jl,200 ; eight colts worth 81,000 ; cattle worth $500 ; implements, etc., 91,000, His real estate at present is worth at least $8000. H. Seliiv, from Leicester, office Clerk, 23 years old, came 1888, took up homestead and pre-emption ; capital nil ; has this year 1,200 bushels wheat, some oats and barley ; yoke cattle and implements worth 8400 ; real estate worth 81,200. (This is a worker.) Michael Creedan, carpenter, from Cork, came 1882 with wife and six children ; arrived at Plum Creek in debt ;^80 ; has now good plastered house and two lots in Souris town ; 160 acres good land ; four cows in calf, three heifers, pigs and fowl ; no debts : real estate worth 8800 ; cattle worth 8300. Daniei cash at least 8< James which 800 are two children ; STEflll and had his li< and "rood hous MORCl/ bushels of grai Patric Philli 820 acres, and Donai wives meanwl crops. Dear of my career s I was •■ a quarter sect come to this i Manitoba. On mj until I came t Isold is second to t succeeded be; wheat has av my old home Glen 48 Daniel Connolly, plasterer, from Cork, came I6f)8 ; brought out wife and seven children ; has now a gooil plastered house in Souris town worth $600 ; cash at least 9500; no debts. James Cowan, Irish, arrived in Manitoba 1883 without a dollar; hired out until he could earn enough to buy n yoke of nxcn; owns now 830 acres, of which 800 are under cultivation ; comfortable frame house, two teams of horses, eight cows, and everything necessary for carrying on a l.irge farm ; also a wife and two children ; has U.OOO bushels of grain this year. Stei'HEN llROWN came out in 1882; w.is hired out until 1885; saved enough to buy a team of horses and make payments on lanil ; l)rnkc land in 1886 and had his fifst crop in 18HtJ; got his brother to come out, \^ o also had a team and bought land alongside, so that they worked together ; have each UIO acres and t^ood house and stock ; raised their second year 7,000 biisluls of grain. MoRdAN and Thomas Povvkll, Welsh miners, came in 188* jCSO capital; last year brought out their wives and families; h.-\vo e.ich about -1,000 bushels of grain this year. Patrick Buckley came out in 1882 ; has worked on a farm, hired ever since ; has ;{^300 in the bank. Phillips Urant, a Guernsey carpenter, /^200 capital ; has 320 acres, 00 head of cattle, and three sons settled within four miles, all on their own farms of 820 acres, and raising large crops. Donald Sutherland and Thomas Stewart came from Scotland in 1882 ; bough* -ach a yoke of oxen and went to work bro.iking tlitir land, their wives meanwhile erecting sod houses, in which the families lived for two years. They are now independent ; good frame houses, a quantity of stock and large crops. Glenhoro, Manitoba, lh89. Dear Sir : In reply to your letter requesting me to give you some of my experience since coming to this Province, I will try and give you a short sketch of my career since coming to this country in June, '75. I was so much pleased with the description of the country given by a brother cf mine who came to the country in '72, that I wrote, asking him to secure me a quarter section of land, which he did near High BlulT. I was then in one of the Western States, and had a position worth four dollars per day, when I left to come to this country. No doubt some will think that was rather a good thing to leave, but I have msdu more than that on an aver.agc per day since coming to Manitoba. On my arrival at High Bluff I went to inspect my farm, and was very much pleased with it, as well as with the country. I never had any fancy for farming until I came to Manitoba, but I assure you I soon changed my mind after coming to this Province, and in a few years had over one hundred acres under cultivation. I sold the farm during the boom, and after travelling around a good deal, I decided to locate where I now am, in the Glenboro District, which I consider is second to none in the Province, either as a wheat or a stock country. I now own a section and a-half, and have four hundred acres under cultivation : I have succeeded beyond my expectations. With the exception of two seasons, I have always had an average of over HO bushels of wheat to the acre, oats about 50 ; wheat has averaged as high as 40 and oats 75. It is a vary easy matter to farm in this country with such a rich soil, and so easily worked. I have been back to my old home in Ontario several times, and once to California since coming to this country, and still think this the best country for the poor man or the capitalist. I remain, yours truly, Glenboro, November i8th, 1889. (Signed.) Jamks Uaviiwon. I i tl ';rTl 44 Stockton, Decemler i ith, 1889. DBAR Sir :— In answer to your letter regarding my experience in this country would say, that I came to Manitoba in the month of March, 1880, had about $25 left when I settled down on the farm on which I now live ; not being able to buy a yoke of oxen, I found it very hard to make a start on a farm. In about 18 months I b mght a yoke of oxen on time ; I very soon wiih my oxen made enough to pay for them and buy another yoke and pay for them ; I now have seven horses, one yoke of oxen and a good stock of cattle on my farm ; my average of wheat per acre has been about 28 bushels until this last year, when the average was only Hi bushels, owing to not having scarcely any rain all summer. I think the average of land in Manitoba is capable of producing at least 25 to 35 bushels of wheat per acre, when it is properly m in.iged ; the most pirt of the early settlers of tliis country knew nothing about farming at first, but now, having more experience, and in many cases farms having changed hands, the average of crops is on the gain. One great benefit to this country is the frost going so deeply in the ground in winter, in the spring it takes so long for the frost to get all out of the ground, thereby keeping a dampness continuously rising to the surface, until the grain is nearly capable of shading the ground. I have lived in the Province of Ontario and in the United States for about 40 years, and can truthfully say that this is the br-st farming country that I have ever been in. My opinion is that if a farmer cannot live and make money in farming in this country, he need not try elsewher.. ■ .\ conclusion would say that I like the country very much in every way. Yours respectfully, (Signed) Wm. Abdott, Stockton, Manitoba. Dear Sir : After a residence of 12 years i„ Creek, about 12 miles south of Calijary and hav- had 35 acres under crop of oals, wheat, barley, . •■ " under cultivation this year, 1889, about SO acre .'1 , Pine Creek, South of Calgary, 18th Noven ber, 1889. "-nitoba, I came to Alberta in 1883 and took up a homestead and pre-emption in the neighborhood of Pine ' -Jii farming there. My crops each year have been good, wheat and oats exceptionally so. In 1888, I "„ ufoes and garden vegetables. Oats returned a yield of 45 bushels per acre, wheat 30, barley 30. I had 'n, and 3 of roots, and have now 1003 bushels of oats, 3C0 bushels of wheat, and 60 bushels of barley, 300 bushels of potatoes, and 203 bushels of turnips. I have grown alfalfa for two years and found it a good crop : during January 1889, it grew over half an inch, and was green fully a month before the native grasses in the spring. I believe the country is well adapted for its growth, and that it will be a valuable crop here. From my experience of Alberta I consider it the best part of Canada for general farming, and think any practical farmer coming here with a little capital, will nev'-r regret the move, as Alberta is b3und to be the most prosperous province in the Dominion, as well as having the most enjoyable climate. Yours truly, (Signed), Peter Cleland. of a very hard si for wheat was 2 oats tanged 75 Mine is i discouraging to a fair crop, und Ontario, with a more. I have Dwelling hous« diflference with Ontario. I mi capital to start hardly money 1 to work their i repetition of H letter or any p just as well as L. A. HAMl Dear I raised my first crop in 1883 from land broken late in the season of 1882, and backset in the spring of 1883, and had from 5J acres sown 196 bushels of wheat No. I hard. In 188 1 had 40 acres rented to another party that yielded 32 bushels per acre. In 1885, the yield was 34 bushels per acre. In 1888 (another dry season) the yield was 20 bushels per acre. In 1887, 160 acres yielded 6,900 bushels, an average of 43 bushels per acre. In 1888 the average was 32 bushels per acre. In the present year the average was 15 bushels per acre on 220 acres sown. I had 125 acres that yielded 20 bushels per acre ; the balance on account We w the barley at in connectioi 4S of a very hard stubble plowed under last fall and the season being dry, only yielded 10 bushels per acre. Now, for the seven years I have had crop, the average for wheat was 29 bushels per acre, and oats 43 bushels. And for five years the average of barley has been 26 bushels per acre, with the exception of 1887 when oats ranged 75 bushels, and the present season at 12 bushels, tho general average was 60 bushels per acre. Mine is not an exceptional case. There are plenty of others who have as good a record as mine, and some better. The present dry sea.son may be discouraging to new comers, yet it would be unfair to judge our country by the present dry season, and it convinces me th.it our soil with proper farming will raise a fair crop, under almost any circumstances. My crop this year had almost no rain, as not an inch fell from seeding to harvest. I came here from ne.ir Guelph, Ontario, with a capital of about $700 and now have a farm of about 1,000 acres of land, iSO under cultivation ; will sow 350 acres next spring and break 100 more. I have 11 horses, 3 good colts rising 2 years old, 4 colts rising one year, 12 head of cattle and 20 ho^s, in all worth $2,500. Implements worth $1,000. Dwelling house, grainery and stable cost 91,600. Now, it would have taken me a long time in Ontario to have gathered this much together on my capital. The difference with me between there and here is — six good crops and one poor one in seven years in Manitoba, and one good crop and six poor ones in seven years in Ontario. I must say I am well pleased with the country and the prospects before me, and think that anyone who is able and willing to work and who has some capital to start on, can do well in this new country a great deal easier than in an older country. I can point you to hundreds of settlers who seven years ago had hardly money enough left after coming here to buy a yoke of oxen, who to-u.iy have a good hVif section (320 acres) of land, two good teams and everything needed to work their farms, and living comfortably. I would say to new settlers don't be discouraged, but put in all the crop you can the coming season. It may hn a repetition of 1887, as the ground is better plowed this fall than I have ever seen it before. In conclusion I would say thit you are at perfect liberty to use this letter or any part of it, if of use to you in the interests of emigration, as the statements I have made can be corroborated by plenty of n)y neighbors who have done just as well as I have and some better. Alex. Nichol, Reeve of Whitehead, County of Brandon, Alexander Station, Manitoba. Winnipeg, 16th January, 1889. L. A. HAMILTON, Esq., La)id Commissianer, C. P. A'., Winnipeg. Dear Sir : During the past season (1888) we had under cultivation on our Rosser farm 601 acres, divided as follows : — 330 acres of oats, from which we secured 49 bushels to the acre, equal to 16,170 bush. 140 acres of wheat, @ 18 bushels per acre 2,520 " 25 acres of barley, @ 40 bushels per acre 1,000 " 6 acres of roots, (potatoes and turnips) 2,000 " We were offered $1.10 per bushel for our wheat, but declined to sell, and subsequently when the price had declined, accepted 95 cents per bushel. We sold the barley at 40 cents per bushel. We sold abaut 9,000 bushels of our oats at 30 cents per bushel, and retained the balance, and also the roots, for our own use in connection with our contracts. We also put up 250 tons of hay, worth 99. 00 per ton. .J I,-' ;-'-!«T,- The total results of our farming operations for the year may be summarised as follows :— 16,170 bushels of oats, @ 30 cents 1>4,851 2,520 " wheat. @ 95 cents 2,394 '- 1,000 " barley, (<§ 40 cents 400 2,000 " roots 400 260 tons of hay, @ 89.00 2,260 •9.296 The results taken in connection with those of 1887| show our farming operations to have been very satisfactory indeed, Egan Bros., 08 Garry Street, Winnipeg. Gretna, January 16th, 1889. L. A. HAMILTON, Esq., Land Cominissicner, C. P. R , Wiunipeg. Dear Sir : I beg to send you a report of our farming operations ; — Our farm consists of 640 acres of land, situated in Township 2, Range 3, West, being about 15 miles from Gretna and 7 miles from Plum Coulee, on the C. P. R. South Western. We cultivate the entire section. The first crop was sown in 1884, which was put in on breaking done the previous July, and consisted entirely of flax, which yielded 19 bushels to the acre and netted a very handsome profit for our investment. Since that season we have mixed our crop, sowing only 600 acres ol wheat, flax, bailey and oats, and preparing the balance of about 140 acres as Summer fallow, during the slack season before harvest, and enabling us to have sufiicient plowing done in the Fall for all grain we wished to sow in the Spring. Our farm is worked entirely by hired help, and the profits over all expenses has exceeded $3,0(10 yearly the past two years. The yield of wheat in the crop of 1889 was about 29 bushels per acre, of which we had 400 acres. The crop of 1888 did not yield so well, averaging only about 23 bushels to the acre, but the sample was good, grading 1 Hard. Our barley yielded about 36 bushels to the acre, oats 66, and flax 15. The season of 1888 was not as favorable as former yi irs, but the results were very satisfactory, owing to good prices. Our plan of securing help in harvest proved very successful and profitable. We secured a number of men in Ontario, under contract for 60 days, and made arrangements with the Canadian Pacific Railway Company for reduced rates for that time, and saved our grain promptly, without loss by shelling or bad weather. Farming, if properly attended to, is certain to give favorable results. I have the honor to be. Sir, yours very truly, M. Long, Manitoba Manager for J. & J. Livingston. Qu'Appelle, March 6th, 1889. Sir : I came to this country in the year 1878, and drove stage from Winnipeg to Battleford for four years, and in 1882 too',: up a farm in what is now the Municipality of South Qu'Appelle, believing it the best land I had travelled over between these points, and have never regretted the choice I then made. I have every year had a oats. I sold my was raised in th( anything of farm Sir: I my coming her( when I settled ( are all paid for. In 1883 oats 62. In '81 10 acres wheat, acres, 40 bushe more than satis In the I and the Weste River and the settle in. Aft those who ace Same opinion. the first house south east of settled here n tight up to R the tract of Is Now '■ all kinds of ^ inipeg. t, being n 1884, t for our acres as Spring, of 1889 sample irs, but of men r grain w the '■ have 47 every year had a good average crop, and last year an excellent one. Wheat yielded 30 bushels per acre and oats 60. I had 40 acres uf wheat and 60 acres of oats. I sold my wheat for 91.00 per bushel. I am worth now 16,000, all of which I made since I came here, excepting what I paid for team, waggon and plow. I was raised in the County of Leeds. I like the climate and country well, and would not go back to live in Ontario I would advise any young man who knows anything of farming to come here. Yours, etc., Ku. Whauen. South Qu'Apprlle, March 6th, 188'J. ,SiR : I came to Qu'Appelle in April, 1882, and located on the S. i of Sec. 2, Tp. 18, R. 14, four miles South of (,)u'Appelle. I had for some time before my coming here, been looking over Manitoba and a portion of the Territories, but saw nothing that pleased me so well as this district. I had little or no means when I settled on my land. At the present time I have 22 head of homed cattle, 3 working horses, self binder, and other implements necessary for farming, which are all paid for. In 1883 I farmed 10 acres, wheat returned me 20 bushels per acre, and oats 60 bushels. In '84 I had 30 acres under crop ; wheat 30 bushels per acre and oats 62. In '85, 30 acres wheat which averaged me 50 bushels to -the acre. In '86, did little or no farming, being away most of the summer. In '87, I cropped 10 acres wheat, averaging me 31 bushels per acre, 8 acres of oats 59 per acre, 15 of barley 35 per acre. In '88, 20 acres of wheat 23J busliels per acre, barley 10 acres, 40 bushels per acre, and oats, 10 acres, which returned me 65 bushels per acre. The root crop, especially potatoes, yielding each year large returns. I am more than satisfied with my lot and can strongly recommend settlers in coming to this district. Yours, etc., Andrew Dijndas. Oak Lake, May 27th, 1889. In the fall of 1874 I made up my mind to go and visit the Northwest and Montana, and I never stopped travelling and visiting the great Montana country and the Western part of Dakota for three years, to try and find a good place to settle in. The last place I went to see was the country lying between the Missouri River and the little Rocky Mountains. There were something like three hundred families along with me then who were, like myself, trying to find a place to settle in. After we had examined the whole country thoroughly, we decided that there was no land there lit for agricultural purposes, so I called a meeting of those who accompanied me and moved a resolution that we should go to Oak Lake, Manitoba, and start a new settlement, and every man in the camp was of the Same opinion. I was 43 days on the road, travelling every day, coming to where I am now, and I built this old log house on the banks of Oak Lake, and it is the first house that was built in this district. My nearest neighbors were Mr. McKinnon (30 miles on this side of Portage la Prairie) and Mr. Lariviere (30 miles south east of this place). The readers of this letter will see by this that I knew what I was doing and knew that, one day, I would see a prosperous population settled here near this beautiful Oak Lake, and I know to-day, that before many years I shall see all the land lying in Townships 6, 7, 8 and 9, from Range 22 right up to Range 20, W. 2nd Meridian, settled up with as good farmers as are settled at the present time between here and Portage la Prairie, for I know that the tract of land mentioned will be one of the best wheat countries in the Dominion of Canada. Now I will write a word on the climate. I have been here eleven years and I never had a bushel of frozen wheat, nor any other '..ind of grain, and as for all kinds of vegetables, they can be produced to perfection. Two years ago I exhibited at Oak Lake cabbages weighing 36 lbs. each ; onions weighing 1 lb. each; i V' 1 J'"\ 4 T #^ 1 1 r r ./Jf- ^^'. "«*% 4« potatoes from 2J to 4 lbs. ; beets from 9 to 14 lbs. and turnips 22 lbs. I should think that immigrants would not delay a moment in coming to a country that can produce vegetables of that enormous size, without the use of manure of any kind. At any rate they should come and see it. The C. P. R. gives you a good chance to go over it. This is the tii.e for you Come ! Do not wait any longer, for in a few years all the land will be taken up for a hundred miles west. Now you will see why I came to Oak Lake i preference to Dakota and Montana. Because this country is far ahead of anything I ever saw across the line, and I am to-day still more convinced that Manitoba and the Northwest will surpass anything ever seen for mixed farming, and I know that if you will only take my advice you will never be sorry. If you want further particulars, write to me personally, and I will make it my duty to answer you immediately. Amable Marion. Oak Lake, May 28th, 1889. After ten years in Manitoba and the Northwest my opinion of the country as affording a comfortable home to agricultural emigrants remains unchanged. I quesliun if any country has fewer drawbacks to the farmer. It is true we have sometimes been troubled with early and late frosts, but these are, I believe, less frequent than they were in the older provinces at first, and older settlers unite in telling us that they are becoming less prevalent and will continue to do so, as the country becomes settled and cultivated. In this country a man has not to spend a life time in clearing his ground, as for the most part, the rich prairie is ready for the plough. We have also a most healthful climate ihrouyhout the year, which speaks volumes for our country. I must add, that I am particularly attached to Oak Lake as a farming district. Taking the district all through, I question if a more prosperous community v)f farmers can be found in any new settlement, and the prospects were never brighter than at present ; for the season forward, crops are looking well and out people are happy. R. Charles Quinney. mmm -.*«■ • «' H ■ \ ... .. ■ ,.; i-i-' X^- ' hmimmm f^ lit III 114 III Hi III II 8S ^^ 62 61 LM/Wi mm 10 L N« Mf [iOT ^i V --Vv V ;«i, ^ 2b i 1 S IJ 1 J am ^ ifrf Tf 4 - ^ g T~feY»**p- flt s ^ fin £ "I ^t-» 1 ^ 1 i tfzi^O^H ^ gJcio >F ^ 5 ^ =^?^ ^ofo]^r~ --4iS /~i — - niT. 1 ^^^ M k I f J -ii X 11 rwip iaSb ■1^ 1 of J) 1 ^ r --H "F" r~ iE^i sslS r J ^g*i^ id — r4 i' / / ■ \U«Tr^^ w^ H uj. T^^ ^ulJr jr~i bj^ r \T~ \n /I "tIhC 'H .^^■m^ ^1*'' . ' ' fas M iir T+viv IT --gb [^^* "-— ' Mrft i! ? A 1 »/ ?^HHI| te-t rA ii9!! %<) r^P 2jjl2Kh S 8 'jJ/Jm ^jf 1 "^ tmam " *5L Ijp " ft\>R.¥ffHj tDii'»..^l -i -W~- t-L ^ ir rmc '■ (i •««%^ jaiik-^- iti ip m fill — * T l ^ l H l»i l 1*»1 ... > »jl- M BUilrAnwii vc C— --[fcV, mm'^^ ■ 7 mmufi 1 \J r\ m m u p c- „ ^ "> r- \. 1 O- S\l ■i ilii ;'.'*'_i n "**W of p«t ofJUlANITOBA Shewing the Lines ^Land Gf^ant 'ffl'^r'^ ^JfOTTE- — - ■ The Ccmpan^'« Hands in part oonHKt of the odd n>:t,rnberet1 aieUona in ihe belt, twenty-tour (94) miles on each »id0 of the Main JUne, /h)nl Winnipeg to the BoekvMoiintttine, and in SotUhem Mcmitohq. eabtendiniAvm the ^ UedlUvwtomMU' souri Cotedu. .• L »,l»4»»* il \\ ' wsk^ikB i 1.. iai4-FHstr ^1 B>2 3! flr^S3 ^SSffnpij?i4 m 11 a~""33hH xm '^i> II ■ m •,-r, '^0^^-^/: ,K'>i^-'"*'"*^"7" IjIa ri i -i:^;^^ L:^*^-^ ^*^^%ii ■J ana IHMi BBH BliM BMB IHK KMM BMB > ^ *'^*- n--^''^: P£*:^ mir' S2 11 4.. J*ilm ' '■> .».,¥' ^ < ' l/*f ,^3^'1^ iM^ ■Bili|[k''^«niaesaMV£sacr:?i' if TK6flEJS, II iDbTinrncnqniioiaKioaQ All ev< Pantry may, on applii some one neai Under th 1. Th one year with( 2. P . I patent residinj (additional in t 3- A additional lo, date of entry. may^bemade Six mo application for ..Intelli 3ffices informa ^ecuring lands AH con lanitoba and The I All even numbered sections excepting 8 and 26 are open for liomestcad entry. Entry may be made personally at the local land office in which the land to be taken is ituate, or, if the homesteader desires, he may, on application to the Minister of the Interior, Ottawa, or the Comniissioner of Dominion Lands, Winnipeg, rece«'e authority for some one near the local office to make the entry for him. i Under the present law, homestead duties may be performed in three v /s : • 1. Three years' cultivation and residence, during which period the settler may not be absent for more than six months in any pne year without forfeiting the entry. • 2. 1' ,sidence for three years within two miles of the homer,iead quarter section and afterwards next prior to ai)plication |for patent residing for three months in a habitable house erected upon it. Ten acues must be broken the first year after entry, 15 acres additional in tlie second, and 15 acrss in the tiiird year ; 10 acres to be in crop the se( ond year, and 25 acres the third year. [ 3. A settler may reside anywliere for the first two years, in the first year breaking 5, in the second cropping said S and breaking • (additional 10, also building a habitable house. Tlie entry is forfeited i;' residence is not coriimenced at the expiration of two years from |date of entry. Thereafter the settler must reside uptfn and cultivate his homestead for iit least six months in each year for three years. may be made before the local agent, any homestead inspector, or the intelligence officer at Moosomin or Qu'Appelle station. Six months' notice must be pven m writing to the Commissioner of Dominion Lands by a settler of /us intention, prior to making; application for patent. . • ' • Intelligence Offices are situate at AVinnipeg and Qu'Appelle station. Newly arrived immigrants will receive at any of these 'ffices information as to the knds that are. open for entr)-, and from the officers in charge, free of expense, advice and Assistance in. ecuring lands to suit them. ..*. .; .« „ ^. AH communications having reference tt) lands under control of the Dominion Ciovermnent, lying between the eastern boundary of anitoba and the Pacific Cdast, should be addressed to ' I'he 8JBq<^pargr. of tlie Department of the Interior, Ottawa; or ITlie Commissioner of BonMon Lands, Winnipeg, Kan. ■'"#1 The ♦ Canadian ♦ Pacific ♦ Railway i;--*.* PnM>id«a fitr thti COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE OF SETTLERS ' going to THE CANAOIMI NORTHWEST A HpMial Forni of Pasienger Equii'uieut, known M' Colonist Cars Whiota am run through to MANITOBA and BBITIHH COLUMBIA on th« regular Kxpreas Train leaving MONTBKAL each weekday. They are really " SiiKKPiKu Cash," modelled after the style of the Unt-elau " Pullmam" with upper and lower berth*, eloeete, lavatorlei, etu , etc. , the only diSWMBea bains4ta»t thv leate and betthe ore not. aphoUtered. Ooouponta may lupply their own bedding, or oon piurohaie of the C.~^ '-^-t^ , '- -^7^ ji •*"**»« \ #*i, + i v--" ' ► 'kj*? » A«a<'*/»' ''•,-^f*' '^*)«''-«ia'' )*(* ^ \ XW-S:*^**/