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X
^jgj^
OCT as 1«97|
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTLXE ►.^^^^tvit*!
DIVISION OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY
NORTH AMERICAIs^ FAUNA
:n^o. la
[Actual «liito <if imblicatioii, Ottober Iti, 18!t7.]
REVISION OF THE NORTH A.MEKICAN HATS OF THE
FAMILY VESPERTlI.lONlD.f.
ItY
GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr.
rrojiarcil iimler the direotiou of
Dr. C. HART MERRIAM
CHIEF Ol'' DIVISION OF l!IOLO(HCAI. SI|;\ T.V
LIBRARY
TIONAL MUSEUM
OF CANADA .^\
WASHIXGTON
GOVEltNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
180 7
3V)2''^
i
* * " * .
' "♦• '.•.-'
J
le:tter of transmittal.
U. S. Department of Aciriculture,
Division of liioLOoicAi. Strvey,
Washiujiton, IK C, July 1, ]S97.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith, and recoinnieud for pub-
lication, the manuscript of No. 13 of North American Fauna, comprising
anumographic revision of the bats of the family VespertiUonUhv inhab-
iting North America north of Panama, by (ierrit S. ^liller, jr. It is
I based mainly on material belonging to the Biological Survey, where
[the work has been done.
The Dc])artmeut is constantly in receipt of bats sent for identitica-
jion and of letters of iiujuiry concerning these animals; but heretofore,
owing to the chaotic state of the literature relating to this group and
the uncertainty respecting the status of the various species, it has been
impossible to answer such inquiries with any degree of certainty. The
[present paper is intended to remove these ditticulties.
liespectfuUy,
C. Hart Merriam,
ChieJ] Biological Survey.
Hon. James Wilson,
Secretary of Agriculture.
3
G,0*^C
Materii
('hail.;,'!
Scximl
A}ii' vii:
(■eoj;ra
Ali^fiati
I Mca.siiri
Illiistra
' NonieiK
1. (
2. !•
liists of
Descrip
CONTENTS.
Page.
Material 7
C'liaiittes ill I'olor of H]iecinieiis ])rt;s«'rve(l in ali'dhol 8
St'xiiiil variation 8
Aj;<' vnriiitioii 8
(^eojjrajiliic variation 9
(if();jraiiliic distribution 10
Mi;;riitioii 10
MeaHUivinents 11
I Illustrations I'J
Notuunt'lature of Nortli American \'oHpertilioiii<la' Vi
1. fieneric and subjjeuerio names 12
'2. Specilic and siibspecilic names 20
Lists of Nortli American Vespcrtilionida' 38
1 Descriptions 41
5
ILLUSTRATIONS.
I'LATKS.
1. Kars of Miiotin reUfir, M. californicui, M. i/iimnnevnh, M. thiinanoiles, ^f. erotin,
XycticeiiiH liitmiruliH, Ithoijei'iiHa {ir<iriliH, I', tiimida, Coryiioi'hinua inacrolia town-
ai'iidii, Kiiilerma niaculatiiiii, Antvozonn intUUhia.
Uropatagiiv oi Khoiitrxm fjracilis, I!, tiimida, Xi/cticeiiiK hinncraHs.
2. Uropatagia of .UyotU caUfornlvim, M. iiiniianennis, M. cvntin, M, thiimnodm, M. velij'er,
3. VViugs of I'hcotua, Corijnorhinux, Emlermu, and LimiiruH,
TEXT FIGURES.
1. Wings of Ve^prriiUo ecrotinua.
2. Anterior part of roNtriim of species of I'hyUoalomuiidd and \'caperlU\onUUv.
3. yXn/.zlooi AntrozoHS,
4. Abnormal front teeth oi Antrozoua.
5. Skulls of .'/n<roroi/8.
(». Teeth of Jxtro^oMS.
7. Mnzzh's of I'lecotiia and Cori/norhiiiiis.
8. Skulls of two subspecies of Covi/iiorhiiiiia.
0. Teeth of two subspecies of Corniiorhiiuis.
10. Upper iucisors of three 8])eoiniens of Coriinorhlniis,
11. Skulls of Myotia myoi'm, M. ihyxnnodea, and M. uiiiricaiia ftop).
12. Skulls of 3/»/o^'8 myotia, M, thyaanodea, and M. nhji-icaim (side).
13. Ear o{ Myolia auhiilntna, M. kcenii, M. lucifiiyiia, and .V. <tl<iHceiiaia,
14. Teeth ot MyoliH yiimauninia, M. Incifugua, M. liici/uyna loiKjicruH, .V. relifer,
li"). Tooth o{ Myotin califoniiciia, M. aiihiilalua, M. erotia, M. Ihyaanodea.
16. Maxillary teetli of four spei^imens of Myotin ihyaanodea.
17. A1>noruial ])reinolar of Myotia thyannodea.
18. Skull of Laaionycteria iioctivagaiix.
19. Teetli (>{ Laaionyctcria noctiragiina.
20. Ear of PipiHtrvUiia aiihflania and /', henperiia.
21. Skull of PipiatrcUna heapiriix and /'. HuhHurna (top).
22. Skull of Piimtirlliia heaperua and /'. aiihtlania (side).
23. Teelh of Pipiatrelhia henpiriia and P. anhflnriia.
24. Skull of Veapertilio huhamenain, F./iiaciia, and V. aerotiiiits (top).
25. Skull of Veapertilio hahameiiaia, I'.fuaciia, and I', aerotiniix (side).
26. Teeth of VcapirtUio acrotiiiiia, and four subsperies of l'. fiiactia.
27. Ear o{ Laaiuriia horealia and L. tcliotia.
28. Skull of Laaiurua horealia and fy. teliotia (top).
29. Skull of Laaiiiriia teliotia and L. horealia (side).
30. Teetli of Laainnia teliotia and L. horealia.
31. Sknil of Laaiuriia ciiiereiia.
32. Teeth of Laaiiiri'.s cinereiia,
33. Skull of Daaypteriia intcrmediiia.
34. Teeth of Daaypteriia iiitermediiia.
35. Sknll of Xycticeiiia hnmeralia.
36. Teeth of Xycticeiiia hnmeralia.
37. Incisors of Jihoyeexaa and Xycticeiiia (fronts.
38. Incisors of Rhoyeeaaa and X^ycticeiua (crowns).
39. Skull of i;/io(7C("88« tiimida.
40. Teeth of Rhogeiiaaa titmida and R, graoilia.
6
No. 13. NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
October, 1897.
RKVISION (IK Tl
NOIITH AMKKH AN HATS OK TIfK KAMILY
VKSI'KUTIMOMD.K.
]<V (iKIiUIl
Mii.i.F.it. Jr.
Writers on Ainorieaii bsit.s liiive publishetl a liirjje mass of facts coii-
ceniiii;;' tlu' disniUiitioii and comparative anatomy of members of the
family VrspcftUiduiiUv. rnfortunately, however, no work has yet
appeared in which the numerous species by whicli tiiis };roup is now
known to ])e represented in \orth America' are treated from tlie stand-
point of the systematic zoologist. In otiier words it has hitherto been
imi)ossible for anyone not tliorougldy ac(|uainte<l with tlie extensive
and scattered bterature of Xortli American bats to icU'utify specimens
correctly. Tlie i)resent paper has been prepared with special reference
to the long-felt want of a ready means to accomplish this object.
:\IATKRIAL.
The greater part of the material on whicli this revision is based is
contained in the collection of the IJiological Survey of the I'. S. Dejtart-
ment of Agriculture. This collection of bats, which consists of more
than .'{,(*<"> specimens, chietly in alcohol, has been brought together dur-
ing the past few years by the field naturalists of the Survey. In addition,
the writer has examined the bats in the Ignited States National Museum,
the American Museum of Natural History, and several private collec-
tions, making a total of about 2,700 specimens of North American
Venim'tilioiiitla: It is to be regretted that so few S(mth American bats
are contained in the museums of the United States that no definite con-
clusions can be reached concerning the relationships of several Mexican
species to the forms occurring farther south. For this reason certain
questions of nomenclature must for the prei^ent remain in a condition
of uncertainty. It is also to be regretted that comparatively few well-
pre|>ared skins are available for corai)aiison. Without goo<l series of
dry specimens it is imp(>ssible to determine the limits of individual
variation in color, as conclusions of the most general kin«l only can be
based on specimens that have been subjected to the action of alcohol.
Series of bat skins as extensive as those by which most groups of small
North American mammals are now represented will doubtless prove
'In the prestMit paper tlie term North America is used to indicate the whole of the
North American continent and the West Indies.
8
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
the exiatoiico of several well marked pfeof^rapliic races in addition to
those now recognizable.
In the liRtH ot'H|M>cin)ensexiunined it has not been thon{<:lit necoRKnry
to (llHtin^fuiHh between tliose eontained in the National MustMiin jtroper
and those in the collection of the Hiolo^rical Survey. Specimens tVom
other collections, however, are always specially designate*!.
CHANGES IN rOLOR OF SPECIMKNS IMSESKRVEI) IN AL(!()H()L.
Hats which have been kept in ahtohol tor a period of more than a
few months become so altered in color that they furnish reliable char-
acters of si/.e and form only. The rate and amount of <'han};c appear
to vary with dilferent species as well as with the strenyth of the pre-
servative tluid and the amount of eximsurc to light. 1 have seen two
h>tH of specimens of one species collected at the same place and <ui
practically the same date and supposedly treated in the same way, yet
after six years' immersion in alc(>liol those in one bottle still retained
essentially their normal (;olor, as jiroved by ('omi)arison with skins col-
lected at the same time, while those in another bottle were so bleached
as to show scarcely a semblance of their original appearance.
While the details of the changes produced by alcohol are not known,
it amy be said that a gradual bleaching aud ultimate entiie loss of
color is the general rule, though as a preliminary step browns are often
very noticeably reddened. The subject is one that merits experimental
study.
SEXUAL VARIATION.
The range of sexual vajiation ii» North American VespertHionUliV is
always slight and in i:aiiy cases scircely api)reciable. For tlie most
part it consists in the slightly greater average size of the fenmles.
Even this is often trilling or absent, as in the case of Mi/otis luci/mim
lotifficrtis from Nicasio, Cal., six males of which average: Total length,
1>5.1; tail vertebra', 4.5.S; forearm, .'?7..S; ear, 11.8; tragus, 7.3; while six
females from the same locality average: Total length, 9().3; tail ver-
tebra*, 44.1; forearm, .37.3; ear, 12.1; tragus, 7.2. In general, however,
it is necessary to take this factor into (jonsideration when comparing
specimens from wid<'ly separated localities. I know of no instances
of constant sexual differences in color among North American Vesper-
tilionidn', and oidy one of ditlerences in cutaneous structures, that of
hhofjei'ssa ffmcUis, in which the only known male has in each ear a
distinct glandular swelling, absent in the two females that I have
examined (see PI. I, fig. 7).
AGE VARIATION.
Young bats when nearly full grown often present characters different
enough from those of the adults to cause confusion in ideutiflcatiou.
The fur of such immature specimens is usually shorter and more woolly
OKOORAPHIC VARIATION.
iddition to
than that of tlieadultHHixl th<i color darker and duller. Tlu> iiiiiiiatiire
Hkull dill'ers in si/.e and torni t'roni that of the adult, but as the sutures
disappear at an early ajje. it is (d'ten somewhat ditllcult to recojjni; <,'.
1 have found that tlu- best j;«'<le to the ajje ot those bats that 1 have
Htudied is the condition i>f the linger Joints. In spcciinenM young
enonjfh to furnish unreliable characters these are always large and
loosely formed, with opi|ihyses separate from the ends of the phalanges
and metacarpals, bi>th of which are distinctly enlarged for sonje djs-
tanc(t from the Joint (lig. I <tj. lu adults the liuger joints are small and
compact, the epiphy-
ses no longer visible,
and the phalanges of
essentially tin' same
diameter thronghout
(tig. 1 h). These dif-
feien«'es are e<nuilly
ap])arent in alcoiiolic
specimens and in
dried skins.
GEOGRAPHIC VAKIA-
TION.
As com|)ared with
other small man. <ials,
bats show remarka-
bly h' lie geographic
variation in size, i)ro-
jiortions, or (Mdor.
Thus bleeding indi-
viduals «»f Xi/rticrius
hiinuialitf from Car-
lisle, Ta., Dismal
Swam]>, Virginia, and
the extreme simthern
jioint of Texas are
alike in color,' while
in size they agree almost as closely as any three lots of specimens
fron) one locality.'' The only ditference that can be found is a slight
northward increase in size of the ears. Specimens of Myoiin luci-
fiif/iin from Washington, I>. C, are uot distinguishable from a series
taken on Kadiak Island, Alaska, and skius of Lafiiurux cinercus from
Minnesota are exactly like others from southern California. While
such constancy of characters in wide ranging species is unparalleled
among American mammals, the only ones of which it is yet possible to
Kui. 1.— Whirls of Vfspertiliv terotinut : a, ndult; f<, ininiatnrf (natural
size).
' So far as cau be ascertained from coiuparis< ^ of Bpeciiuen.s in alcubol.
''See ta))lc of lueaaureiueuts on page 120.
10
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
■ 4
I 5
speak with certainty, the ex])htnation f>f the fact is probably very sim-
ple. Living throughout the warmer part of the day in cool, dark, and
for the most part damp situations, bats, even in widely separated locali
ties, are exposed to comparatively little variation in teni[>eratnre.
Feeding Jit a distance above the surface of the grourid and during the
hours between suusel and sunrise, when colcrs are scarcely distin-
guishable, they art. practically freed from that necessity for protective
coloration which binds the color of most manunals so closely to that of
their surroundings. From this reduction in the force of two of the
most powerful factors in the production i>f geographic variation — dif-
ferences in temperature and need for proicctive coloration — the com-
parative constancy in the characters of bats naturally results.
III
1 1;
GEOGRAPHIC IJISTKIIJUTION.
From the peculiar habits of bats it results that the rjinges of these
animals are less closely limited by life areas tiian in the case of most
mammals. To be more accurate, the frequent dampness and usual low,
even temperature of the retreats occupied by bats during the hot
part of the day expose the animals to essentially similar conditions
wherever they msiy be, so that a given region of like environment is
much more extended geographically for a bat than for most other
tnammals.'
Therefore, although many species seemingly disregard the laws of
geographic distribution, their indei»endence is more apparent than real.
MIGRATION.
A factor which introduces much uncertainty into the study i>i' the
distribution of bats is the little understood migrations which son)e
species are known to make. That many bats migrate is a well-estab-
lished fact, but the extent to which migration alltects the apparent dis-
tribution of species is not known.
Although there are probably earlier references to the subject, the
first mention of bat migration that I have seen is by Dobson, in his
Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the British ^luseum, publislied in 1.S78.
In his remarks on the geographic distribution of PijmtreUm abramunj
Dobson says: "Found during the summer months in the Pahearctic
region throughout middle Kurope; • * * evidently migrates north-
ward, * * * as it has never oeen taken in Kurope in winter" (p. 227).
In 1888 Dr. C. Hart Merriam published evidence in the Transactions of
tfie Royal Society of Canada (V, Section V, p. 85), which showed con-
clusively that two American bats, Lasionifrtcriii nnctivmjans and Laai-
uniH cinereuif, perform regular periodical migrations. Xo details of the
'Analogous coixliMons are fotmtl in sp'iiagnum hofi». and heavy, (lamp wooiUauds,
in wliicli animals of nortLern r.rtinities, Hnch as shrews, lemmiugs, and red-hat'ked
mice, extend fur south of the normal limit of tlieir kind.
MEASUREMENTS.
11
extent <»r exact dates of the northward and southward movements
conhl then be ^iven t'urtlier than that the known southern records of the
hoary bat (South Carolina, (reorgia, Herniuda Ishuids) were all during
autumn and winter, and that the silver haired bat occurred in spring
and fall about the light house on Mount Desert Rock, M) miles off the
coast of Maine, a treeless islet where bats were at other times unknown.
In August and September, l.S!)0 and 18!H, I had an opportunity to
watch tlieai)pearanceand disai)pearance of three species of bats, Lasi-
OHjHtens noctiraganx, Lasiuriis borcalix, and LasiHruH cinenim^ixt High-
land Light, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The animals, which were not to
be found during tlie early summer, suddenly became numerous shortly
after the middli! of August and remained abundant for about a month,
when they as suddenly disappeared. Tiie regularity w ith which this
phenomenon occurred on the two successive years over which my obser-
vations extended shows that the migration of bats is probably as defi-
nite as to dates and paths as that of birds.'
MEASUREMENTS.
For general purposes of identification, ten measurements are useful.
Tlicscare : Total length, tail vertebra-, tibia, foot, forearm, thumb, h>ngest
linger, height of ear from meatus, width of ear, and height of tragus.
The lengtiis of the separate phalanges of the tingers are important in
special cases only.
The tables wliich accompany tiie descriptions of the diflerent fornis
contain average measurements of specinuMis selected from as wide a
range of localities as jjossible. W'lienevcr the full <'omplenient of meas-
urements is given, it is to l)e un<lerstood that all liave been taken from
alcoholic si)ecimen8 by the writer. When the total length, lengtii of
tail, and tlie three measurements af the ear are omitted, the measure-
ments have been taken from the dried skin. In a few cases the skin
measurements are supplemented by the collector's measurement of total
length aiul tail veitebiic The use of specimens preserved in alcohol
introduces a sotirce of error in two njeasurements — total length ami
length of tail. According to the strength of the preservative lluid, both
body and tail are to a varying degree shrunk or relaxed, so that consid-
erable discrepancies in the averages of specimens taken at diffeient
localities by diflerent (iollectors may result. In general, it is i)robable
that these two measurements as given in the tables are .i trille shorter
than they would have been if taken from fresh nuiterial.
It is unfortunate that <letailed measurements of individuals can not
be published, since averages are of ui-*.' for comparison with averages
only, and it often happens that a single specimen nuist be i<lentitied.
Averages, moreover, give no in<lication of the normal range of indi-
vidual variation at a particular locality.
'A detailed accoimt i>f tiie migration of liat» ou t'lipe Cod wan publlshetl in Science,
N. S., V, No. 118, pp. 541 -r.43, April 2, l»tf7.
TT
12
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
ILHSTEATIONS.
The illustrations in this paper are reproductions of ])en-and-ink
drawings made under luy constant 8ui>ervision by Mr. Frank Miiller.
Special difficulty has been encountered in obtaining satisf;n'tory repre-
sentations of the external ear and of the crowns of the teeth.
The ears of a1coholi<* sjieciniens are generally snfHciently altered in
form, by pressure and by the action of the preservative fluid, to
retain only approximately the appearance which they had in the living
animal. Tliis is especially the case with such large-eared si)ecies as
Anfrozou.s i}alUdiig, CorynorhinuH vmcrotia, Myotis erotis. and others.
In the impossibility of reproducing their original appearance, it has
been thought best to represent the ears in a uniform but somewhat
unnatural jjosition, with the conch flattened and the external basal
lobe turned outward. This will account for the apparently undue
width of <-ertain drawings.
Tlie crown views of the teeth were tirst sketched with the aid of a
camera lucida and afterwards corrected and finished by the use of hand
lenses. The great dilliculty in obtaining accurate and uniform results
arose from the im))ossibility of keej»ing specimens in exactly com-
parable positions and from the considerable changes in outline result-
ing fron) every slight variatioji in the angle of vision. Therefore the
drawings are not wholly satisfactory. They are published, however,
in the belief that, such as they arc, they may helj) to an understanding
of the characters of the species.
NOMENTLATURE OF NORTH AMERICAN VESPERTILIONID-E.
To arrive at final conclusions in regard to the nomenclature of the
VeK}H'rtilitini(la' of North America, it will he necessary to consider in
detail all names that iiave been based on those members of the group
that inhabit the region in question, aiul also a few based on allied Old
World species. The names may best be taken up alphabetically.
1. Oeneric and Subgeueric Names.
Adeionyct«ri8 H. Allen. 1892 { Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Pliila.. If^Ol. p. 40G,
Jan. 19. 1892), waa proi>osed as a substitute for VtxpirHx Keys. & ISlas.,
preoccupied in Entomology by Vespenis Latreille, 1829, The name is,
however, a synonym of Vesptrtilio Linna'us, IToS, Eptesivus Iia(inesi|Ue.
182<>, and also of Cnephaus Kau]). 1829.
Aeorestes Fitzinger, 1870 (Sitzungsber. Math.-Nat. CI. K. Akad.Wiss.,
Wien, LXII, A«>th., I, pp. 427-4.{(i), is a synonym of Myotia Kaup, 1829.
The group included three South American si)ecie8v Myotic r«7/o*«x«iMj««,
M. ;iiV/rt<'flM«, and M. alheacvnH.
Antrozons H. Allen. 1862 (Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila.. p.248), is the
only generic name baaed on VvttpertUiu paUidua Le Coute.
NOMENCLATURE.
13
Atalapha Raflnesque, 1814 (Precis des Deconv. et Travaux Somio-
lojj;i<iue.s, p. 12), is clearly based on a Sicilian bat.' The use of the
name for a genus conHiied to America is tlu'rafore impossible.
Brachyotns Kolenati, 1856 (Allgem. Deutsch. Jfaturhist. Zeitg., Dres-
den. Neue Foljje. II, pp. I'U. 174-177), is a subgeneric name based on
three European siMjcies of ' VespertiUo'' {mystacinus, daubentonii, and
(Insycneme) with ears shorter than hea<l.
Gateoras Kolenati, 1856 (Allgem. Deutsch. Naturhist. Zeitg., Dresden,
Neue Folge, II, pp. 131, 1({2-I«i.'i), a subgeneric name based on ' VexperuH^
serotiinin^ is a synonym of Vexpertilio Linnti'us.
Cnephsens Kaup, 1829 (Skizzirte Eutw.-(Jesch. u. Natiirl. Syst. d.
Europ. Thierw.. Ister Theil, j). 103), is a generic luime based on Vcxper-
iilio .serotinus Schrcber, a species congeneric with Vespertilio fuscnsoi
America. The name is a synonym of VeHpcrtiUo.
Cnephaiophilus Fitzinger. 1870 (Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien,
LXII, Abth. l.p. SI), is a genus composed of very heterogeneous ele-
ments among wiiich no tyi)e is mentioned. The species referred to it
are muccUiis ('P.onieo'), ptiliiciilus ('S, E. Asia, l*hilipi)ines'), ferrutji-
H<'»xcMittel Amerika, Surinam'), and the Xorth American »octirti{ia)i.s.
Whether or not the name may be available for some of the other spe-
cies, it certainly is not f<»r the one which conies within the limits <»f the
present jiajier, since this was already provided with the generic name
Liisioni/cteris.
Comastes Fitzinger, 1870 f.^itzungsber. Math. -Nat. CI. K. Akad.
Wiss., Wi(Mi, LXII, Abth. 1, p. .")«»."»), is a synonym of Myotis Kaup,
unless it may eventually be shown that the species on which it was
based, rapacrinii, me<iapoilius, ilasycueme and limno2)liiluii, are subgen-
erically distinct from Myntis myotis.
Corynorhinus 11. Allen, 1865 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. IMiila.. p. 173),
l)ioposcd as p. generic name lor I'lecotus mavrotin Le Conte and P.
toH-usendi C(»oper. is the only available name for the group of which
Vin-ynorhinuH nuicroti.s is the only known species.
Da83^teru8 Peters. 1871 (Monatsber. K. Akad. Wiss., IJerlin. 1S70, p.
!>1L'. i)ublished 1S7I ), was established as a subgenus of Atalapha {= iMsi-
unis) to ctuitain the species intvniH'dia^ <<irc(fia, C(/a, and camlata. It
has recently been raised to full generic rank by Dr. Harrison Allen.
Eptesicus I\atines(iue., 1820 (Annals of Nature, p. 2), originally con-
'II. G. ATALAPHA i C'lianvf-somisi. IiicisiveHiiiilloHiuix ilfiiv iiiMelioirns.caiiiiii-s
ft iiiaflii'Iii-n'S aijjiieN: aiiciiiii- cr.te siir Ir ui-z. ipieiie prcsqu'eDtiiToiiiiiiit uiiie iiiis
iiieiiibraiie!^.
2. .ilalditha sirida. — Ort'illes ile la lonK'i^nr 'If I-i tC'to, et anriculrea, niie vfrnip
80118 lii Irvrt- inlV-rieim': i-itrps loiix )>riinatre en (lessim, idiix ctMidro en (le.ssoiiB, ailt-s
et ntiiaeaii iioirati'e, <ineiie saillaiite par line pointe obtuse. — Obs. .J'ai (ibsfTvo cette
esjii'ce en Sicile. elle <lit1"rre de V.ltalai>ha amrrirana ( \'e«)urtUin norvhoraiensiH I, in.),
autre eapt-ce du uituie geure, par sea deux x"'*^u'>£i''i *^^ """ deruier caractere.
"1
m
!l!
14
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
tained two species^ E. melanopx aud E. mydas.^ Eptesicus melanops is
witbout doubt the VesperiiUo fuscux of Beauvois. E. mt/f1as, however,
can not be identified (seep. 32). The first species must therefore be
taken as the tyjie. Since this si)ecies is conj^eueric with Vesperfilio
miirinuH Linua*us ( = Vexperuyo (Uwolor Natterer), the type of the genus
Vefipertilio, the name Eptrxicvx is a synonym of Vcspertilio.
Euderma II. Allen, 1892 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 467,
published Jan. 19, 1892), is the tenable name for the genus of which
Bintiotux maeulatHM J. A. Allen is the type aud only known species.
Eistiotus Gervais, 1855 ( E.\pe<l. Comte de Castelnau Am. du Sud, Zool.,
Mainmif., p. 77, PI. XII >. was basetl on the South American Plevotus
velatuH of Geoffroy. Euderma maculattnn was originally described as a
member of this genus, the name of which has not otherwise api)eared
in the literature of North American Vespertilionidu'.
Hypexodon Eafines<|ue, 1819 (Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'His-
toire naturelle et des Arts. LXXXVIII, p. -417), can not be identified
with any known group of bats. The characters which Rafinesque
assigns to the type sjjecies- may be those of a mutihited and distorted
specimen of someofthe smsdlaiMH^iesof yyvticeiufi, PtpistreUnx, or }fyotis.
Hypsngo Kolenati, 1856 (Allgem. Deutsch. Naturhist. Zeitg., Dres-
den, Neue Folge, II, pp. 131, 167-l(i9), is a synonym of FipMnUiix
Kaup. It was based on ' Vexperugo' matints lilasius and ' V. ' Iraxcheni-
nihucii Evek .^mann.
Isotus Kolenati. 1856 (Allgem. Deutsch. Naturhist. Zeitg., Dresden,
Neue Folge, II, pp. 131.177-179), is a subgeneric name based on two
European species of ' VixjH'rtilio ' (natUreri and ciliatus) which have the
ear about equal in length to the head. It is of course a synonym of
Myoiis Kaup, 1829, and of Selysiux Bonaparte, 18-11.
Lasionycteris I'eters, 1865 iMonatsber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin.
1805, p. 6-iS), is the first name proposed for the genus of which Vexper-
tilio noctivaganx Le Conte is the only known species.
Lasiurus Gray, 1831 (Zoological Miscellany, No. 1, p. 38). is the first
'The ori/^iiial diagnosis of the };eiiii8 EfitesicHS is as follows:
" I. X. G. El'TEfilCrS. Konr acute foreteeth to tbe iij)|>er,jaw, in two equal pairs,
separated by a fjieat interval and a lar<ie riat v art, each jmir has two une<iuai
teeth, the outside tooth i> niiii-h larger and unequally bitid, the outside one nmrh
larger, inside tooth small and entire. Six fore-teetli to the lower jaw, efjual very
small, dose and truncate. Canine teeth very sliitrp, curved and long, (irinders
nne(|ually tritid. Snout plain, nose without appeiiduges. Ears separated, auricu-
lati'd. Tail mueronate. — This genus a|q>ears to dirt'or from all those of (Jeotfroy and
Cuvier, among the extensive tribe of Hats. The name means house-tlyer.''
-1. Nouvean genre. HYPEX«>DOX. (Chauvi -souris.) Museau nu ; narinesrondes,
saillnntes ; incisives superienres nnllcs. t! inforieures ('Uiargint^es, nne verrue u la base
ext^'rieure des canines inferieure«. C^ueue eugagee dans la membrane. Le reste
comme le genre J'espertUio. — I e«p«ce //. mtfflnx, entitrement fauve, dessus de la tete
brun, ailes et nienibraues noire!:, queue ninrronc^e, des moustaches, oreilles brunes
auricuh'es, nervures interieur*-* «t tnuisversales; longueur totale, 3 ponces, dont la
queue 2 pouces. Eu Kentucky.
NOMENCLATURE.
15
lanops is
liowever,
refore be
espertilio
the genus
I, p. 467,
of which
[)ecies.
ud, Zool.,
I PlecotuK
ribed as a
apiieared
uie, d'His-
ideutified
iatiues<iue
I distorted
, or Myotis.
itg., Dres-
*ipistn'Uu>t
Jcrancheni-
Dresden,
ed on two
h have the
yuonyni of
ss., Berlin,
ch Vtxpei-
is the tirst
"qiial iiairs,
,wo iiiieqiial
le one mm h
, e(|nal very
(iriiiders
ited. auricu-
iJeoffroy ami
riiies romles,
iTue a la base
I,e re»tfc
Ills tie la tt"te
uilles hruiiea
iiee:), tloiit la
name based on the bats of the American genus comnnndy but wrongly
i-alU'd Atnlapha. It was introduced as follows: '"The bats, the Vesper-
tilionvs of (leoffroy, nught forconvenience be divided into three genera,
the true bats, VeHpertilio * ♦ ♦, the I'ochifotus • * *, and the
hairy tailed species of America (/>««/»<>««)." As the only hairy-tailed
[American bats known in 183S were members of the modern genus
\jAii<ii(nis, this brief statement may be taken as a definite indication of
[the author's meaning. In 183.S Gray referred the species pntinoHits
(=: cinereux), lasiuruH ( - horealin), and hlossevHlci{^ horcalin.tidc Dob.son )
fto the group, which he then regarded as a subgenus or section of
\i<i-otoplnlm (Mag. Zool. .S: Hot., U, p. 4!KS, Hdinburgh, 1S;$S).
Marsipolsemus Peters, 1872 (Monatsber. k. Preuss Akad. Wiss., Berlin,
, LMJO). was proposed in a subgeneric sense tor a Mexican bat, Vesperus
lUiitfidurin Peters, about the size of Vexpertilio /m.stm.v, with tlie denti-
tion of tliat species, but with the outer border of the ear continuous
rith a fold of skin which extends back from the corner of the mouth,
inder and behiiul which a distint-t pocket is formed. 1 have never
seen this bat, and am unable to say what value is to be i)laced on the
characters described. (See ]). 104.)
Meteorus Kolenati, 1856 ( AUgem. Deutsch. Naturhist. Zeitg., Dresden,
»eue Folge, II, ])i>. l-'Jl, 1(!7-1«>'.»), is a synonym of VespertUio Liiuncus.
[t was i»roposed as a subgenus of ^ Vesperus^ to include the species
iilssoiii. tliscolor. .sarii, Icuvippe, and arititippr.
Myotis Kanp, 1829 (Skizzirte Entw. Gesch. u. Xatiirl. Syst. der Europ.
Thierw.. Ister Tlieil, p. 1(M»), is the first name based on the large, long-
^ared. thirty eight toothed bat wrongly called VesiHrtilio miiriniis by
Schreber.' It is therefore the tenable name for the genus of which this
nimal is the type. As the Vespertilio muriini,s of Schreber is not the
'(■.spcrtilio iHiirinus of Linna'us, another specific name must be ap])lied
tiie former. The name ini/otis IJechstein- is available for this i>ur-
)se. Ilence the Vespertilio mi(rinus of Schreber and of Eurojteau
rriters in general must stand as Mtfotis myotis (Bechstein).
Nannugo Kolenati, 1856 ( Allgem. Deutsch. Naturliist. Zeitg., Dresden,
b'ue Folge, II, i)p. 131, 1(»9-172), is r aynouym of Pipistrell us Kanp,
L".». It was juoimsed as a subgenus of '■Vesper injo'' to include tlie
jlnropeaii species piitistrcllus, liihlii, and nattereri.
J Noctula Bonaparte, 1837 (Iconografia Fauna Italica, I. fasc, XXI,
jfnder Vespotilio idcf/thoe), based on \'rspertilio_serutinus Sclireber is a
^nonym of Vespertilio Liiiiueu^.
Nycliceii . 'afines(|ue, 1819 (.bmriial de Physique, de Chimie, d'llis-
)ire Naturelle et des Arts, LXXX VIII, p. 417), contained two species,
['Kanp says: " FledermiMise v(»n ricseumiissijjer (Jrimae, mit naektciii (Jt'siclit,
ktrt'iinten. koplslaiijft'ii Ohrtii, lan}j[ou lan/.»'ttfilrmij;en Ohrendockelu, imd 38
pliiien."
|- Irx/ifrfi/io miiotis Heobsteiii, (M'meiiuiiitz. Nattirgesch. Deutschlauds, IJd, I, p.
5, 1791 {Mf niasius).
16
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
I
N. humeralis Raf. and N. tesselatm Baf. Nothing in tlie description'
in«licates which of these the author considered as the type. Xycticeiim
tesselatiiH Raf. is LuHiuruH borealitt (Miiller), and S. humeralis may with
some dejxiee of i)robability be identiKed with the small brown bsit more
generally known as Nycticejux crejuntculariH Le Conte.^ There is cer
tainly nothing in the diagnosis of the geuns or in the description »>t
TexpertHio liumeraliH previously published in the American Monthly
Magazine that precludes this possibility, while the size, the number of
incisors, and the naked uropatagium point directly toward it. As
borenlis was removed to the genus Laniitriis by Gray in 18^iS, humeral Ix
becomes the tyi>e of Xi/cticeius. The orthography of this name has had
several emendations, as Xyrturiifi, yyvticejiis, Xyctivea, and Xyvticeyjr.
Nyctilestes Marsh, 1872 (Amer. Journ. Sci. «S: Arts, 3d ser., IV, p.
21")), is a fossil genus based on part of a lower Jaw and molars from
Eocene or Lower Miocene strata near Henrys Fork, Wyoming. The
remains present no characters to distinguish them generically from
VespertUio. Only one species, Xyttile:<tt'i< xvrotiniiSf has been described.
Nyctitherinm Marsh, 1872 (Anier. .lourii. Sci. ^S: Arts, 3d ser., IV. ]>,
127), is a genus based on the fragments of two lower jaws found with
teeth in i)lace, from Tertiary strata at Grizzly Bnttes, Wyoming. Tlie
original description indicates no characters bj- which tlicse teeth may he
distinguished from those of small species of VipistreUus or Vespertilin.
Nystactes Kaup, 1829 (Skizzirte Entw. Gesch. u. Natiirl. Syst. (Ur
Europ. Thierw., Ister Theil, p. 108). based on VeapertUio bcchsteinii
Leislcr is strictly synonymous with the .same author's Mi/Dtis.^
Pachyotus Gray, 1831 (Zool. Misc., No. 1. p. 38), was Hrst used as thi
name for a genus made by the combination of XyctirciiiH and tScotopIn [
lun. Later (Mag. Zool. & Bot., II, j). 498, 1838) Gray transferred it tt
Vespertilio riUoaissimus Geoftroy in a subgeneric sense. The name i?
of course untenable.^
Pipistrellus Kaup, 1829 (Skizzirte Entw.-Gesch. u. Xatiirl. Syst. der
Europ. Thierw.. Ister Theil, p. 1)8). This name was based on Vespertili'
pipintnllKs Sclireber, a species strictly congeneric with the ' Vespcnun
'2. NVCTICEIIIS. (Chauve-soiiris. ) Diflire tin {reure proccdent [//y;»e,r«ffoH] v;'
2iu<'i.sivos siiiioriciires sc^paroes par nii •rraiul intervalle. at-coloes aiix cauiiies ct
crouelnrcs :ii<j;iii's, (> iucisives iiif<^rieure.s trou<iHi-t'9. point de verrues aux canines. -
Ce j;enre contient an nioius 2 esprces, .V. humenili* et A' leasilatiis, qne j'ai drj
d^frits dans V.lmericaii Monthly M(i;iaciiu. sons la ili'-noniinatiuu gt-uoritjue fenptt lili'^
avec plusieiirs autres nonvelles esprces de ces ooutnes.
See Thdinas, Ann. iV Mag. Nat. Hist., IS'U, r.li8.
■ Kaup says : " FU'dernilinse mit sehr lau<;on <;etrennteu < Hiren. langeni zngespit/ii
Ohn'udet'kel, 3S Ziihnt'n nnd spitzmausjibnlicheni Kiissel.'
■^Tbo original reference is a.s follows: ••Thf bat-s. tlie yitpertilioniH of GeolVrn}
niigbt for ccmvenienee be divided into three genera, the true bats, Vtipertilio, \\\i
thin cars and nienibruues and a hairy face, the I'mlnjotui, with thick ears and nieiii
branes and bald HWoUen ehei-ka, including the genera Syitutjua and Svotophilus, aut^
the hairy-tailed species of America {Lasiurita).''
NOMENCLATURE.
17
ansem /ngespit/ii:
geortfianvs^ of the riiited States. It autedates the name VtHperuyo by
exactly tei' yi'ai s.
Plecotus (It'ottroy, 1818 ' ( Description de I'ftgypte, Maniniifi'res, p. 1 12),
included three species, ' lOreillard de Danbenton,' 'la barbastelle,' and
a new species iVonj Tinior.-
As no American bats iue conjjeneric with the species originally
included in this genns, the name can not he used for any of the genera
new under consideration. It has been applied to the species of Cory
Inorh'nnis.
Bhogeessa II. Allen, 1866 (Troc. Acad. Nat. Sci. I'hila., p. 28r>), was
jpropose«l as a genus to contain the species li. parvula II. Allen and R.
Itumida II. Allen. The group, whose valitlity has not been questioned,
has received varying treatment at the hands of different writers.
IDobson pl..^ced it as a subgenus under ' Vesper mjo,^ but Thomas biis
[recently pointed out its close relationship to Nyvticeiutt. The latter
[disposition appears to be the more initural.
The name has been amended to Rhoyiiesm by Marschall (Nomenclator
[Zoologicus, Mamm., p. 11, 1873).
Scotophilus Leach, 1821 (Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XIII, pt. l,p. (J9),
Itype S. huhlii Leach, is a genus peculiar to the Old World, where it
jupparently replaces the Lasinrus of America. It is mentioned hero
bicrely because the name has been used for the North American opecies
)f iMsiurus, W'spertilio, TAtsionycterift, and IHpistndlus at times when
f,hese bats were supposed to be congeneric with Old VV^orld species.
Selysius lionaparte, 1841 (Iconogratia Fauna Italica, I, Introduzione
[p. .'{]), is a synonym of Myotin Kaup, 1829. It was based on the
bommon Eumiiean VcspertHio inytttacinus of Leisler.
Synotus Keyserling and Blasius, 1839 (VViegmann's Archiv f. Natur.
jeschichte, .Iter Jahrgang, Bd. I, pp. .'JO.l, 3(K»), was based on the bar-
jastelle, a Kuropean bat representing a genus not known to occur in
lUierica. The name, however, has been applied to the American genus
ilterwards called Corynorhinits. It is ante«lated by liarhastel la Gray,
[821 (London Medical liepository, XV, p. 309. Type VvsjHrtUio barbas-
ilhis Schreber).
Taphozous (leoffroy, 1818' (I)escripti(»n de Tfigypte, Mam n«i feres, p.
[13), based on ' Le lerot-volant' and 'le W lepturu.s,^ which are witliout
tipresentatives in AniericiJ. Tiic red bat {ljasiin-i(.s horcaUfi) was, liow-
Iver, included in this genus by (lodnuin under the name TuphozoiiHru/uH:^
I Soo Sherl)oru, Proc. Zool. Sac. I.oiulon, 18J>7, p. 2SS.
Dents incisives
1
5-5
2
J., canines .,; luulaires j. j^. Ne/ simple el xaiUant ; clianf'rein
ituje et mi'tplat. Oreilles plus grandrs quo la t(''te, et rounies; ureillon int(5rieur.
[enibrano interfcuiurale <5tendue et a angle saillant. Qnene longiu- et toute entirre
iveloi>pt^i>.
jobs. Les trois espt'ces do ce genio soiit, I'on'illaril do Danbenton, la barliastello
line noiivelk" cspi if de Tinutr.
=' Fauna Americana, p. 23, 1S25.
2712 No. 13 2
in
rm.
18
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
FItzinger ' refers to a ' Taphozous hraehmanm iiodmau ' among the syn-
onyms of hasiuruH ^rujW (:^- horcalin). This name, however, 1 liave been
unable to find in any of Godman's writings.
Vesperides Coues, 1876 (in Coues and Yarrow, Zool. of Wlieeler's
Exped., p. 83), was proposed as a subgenus of Vespertilio based on Vex-
pertiliv nocUvagans Le Conte. The name is antedated by Lasionycteris
Peters, 1865.
Vespertilio Linna»u8, 1768 (8yst. Nat., 10th ed., I, p. 31), contained
seven species: rampi/rus, spectrum, perspiciUatns, Hpamna, kporimis,
auritus, and murinus. These have all been removed to other genera, as
follows: vampyrus to Ptcropm in 1702 (Brisson, Hegn. Anini., ed. II,
pp. 13, 153), leporintia to Noctilio in 1700 (Linna>us, Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,
p. 88), spasmn to Mcgaderma in 1810 ((ieoflroy, Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat.,
XV, p. 197), auritui to Pleeotna in 1818 (deoffroy, Descript. de Pr5gyi)te,
Mammiferes, p. 112), murinus'^ to Eptem-ux in 1820 (Kafinestpie, Annals
of Nature, 1820, p. 2), pempiciUaUiH to Artibeus in 1821 (Leach, Trans.
Linn. Soc. London, XIII, p. 75), and spectrum to Vampyrus in 1821
(Leaeh, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XIll, p. 79).
The only European species are auritus and murinus, one of which
irnist therefore become the type of the genus. The species auritus was
removed to the genus Plecotus by Geott'roy in 18 8, leaving murinus as
type of the genus Vespertilio. The Vespertilio murinus of Linnu'US is,
however, a totally different animal from tlie bat afterwards described
under the same name by Schreber. To understand tlio case fully it is
necessary to go back to the first and second editions of Linnieus's
Fauna Suecica. In the first he records only one bat, the 'Liiderlapp,'
'Fhidermns' or 'Nattblacka,' Vespertilio caudatus, naso oreque simplici
(No. 18, p, 7, 1740). In the second edition he mentions two, V. caudatus,
naso oreque simplici, auricidi duplicatis, cajnte majoribus, and V. cau-
datus, naso oreque simplici, auriculis capite minoribus (No. 2, pp. 1, 2,
1701). In the tenth edition of the Systema Natura; these had been
given binomial names, Vespertilio auritus and r.wtjomw*, respectively.
The account of the teeth of the latter in the second edition of Fauna
Suecica is as follows : •'
Deiites i)riniores supcriores 6, acuti distantes.
inferiores 4, acnti contigui.
Laninrii superiores 2, anterioio inajore.
inferiores 3, antico niaxiiuo.
Molares utrini|ue 3, tricuspidati.
' Sitziingsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXII, Iste Abth., p. 402, 1870.
i^Althongli Rafiiiesqno did not actnally place the species murinus in the genus
Eptesicus he based the hitter on a strictly congeneric form.
»In the first edition the dental formula is the same, except that the lower incisoiH
are said to be five in number, an error corrected in the second edition.
NOMKNCLATUUK.
If)
It tlieretoro appears that tho VesperWio tmirinnn of Iiiniia>us is u bat
with ears shurter than the liead, and with the dental toiiuuhi:
>> •>!
h
1-1
pm,
1-1
in.
;i-3
32.
3-3 ' ''l-l'^ 2-2' '"'3-3
The unly couiiuon Scandinavian bats whiidi combine these characters
[aietlie two nsually known as VeKperiufo nilssoni uml Vi'sinruyo dinmlor.
jTo these strictly congeneric Enropean species and their exotic repre-
jHciitatives the generic name Vispertilio mast be ai>plied, regardless of
jits long inisnsc for a different genns.
The current nusidentification of Linna'us's Vcspertilio mnrinus has
|l)een recognize*! by at least three writers on Kuroiiean bats, Nilsson,
Jlasins, and Lill.jeborg. Nilsson^ discusses the matter at considerable
^ength and arrives at the conclusion that the name miirinuH must be
substituted for (UncoIo); while the bat commonly known as murinuH
nuist take the specitic name myotia Bechstcin. As this author unites
the genera ' Vespfruffo ' and ' Vexpertilio,^ he has nothing to say in regard
to the validity of the generic names used by Keyserlingaud lilasius.
lUasius' regarded Nilssou's identitication of VcHpcrtllio ini(riHu.s -as
jdoubtful, though he admitted that the aninnil described by Linna^is
under that name c(mld not have been the one generally called Vcupcr-
alio murinun by Kuiopean authors at large, lie therefore reasoned
that iiinna'us's-namc might be disregarded as undeterminable and iu
^lo way invalidating Schreber's later application.
Lilljeborg ah)ne iiuestioned the tenability of the generic name Vesper-
filio for the thirty eight toothed bats of Europe.^ lie says:
As reganls modifying tlie Liuuiruu j^oueric iiaiiio rexiiertiUo, it may bo
ir;j;cd that Fjinnii-us did not include iu it any of tlicspeiies* lelcrrixl to it by Keyser-
lin<r and lilasiiiH. FurtluM', it would have boeii more corruct to apply the name
f'eapcrtUio to tlie prci'odiu}^ genus [' I'fspcnigo'], since one of the species included in
blu' genns by Linn:i'UH ( f't'sjurtilio miiriniis) agrees, in all important characters at
least, witli thtt genus menticuicd, as shown above. As, however, tlie ]uodilicatiou of
pe uauK^ introduced by Keyserling and Itlasins has licconio time-sanctioned, it will
1)6 retained, although we consider tlie ol)jections against it reasonable.''
Vesperugo Iveyserling and IJlasius, 1839 ( VViegmann's Archiv f. iS'atur-
tesch., oter Jahi'gang, Bd. 1, j). 312), was proposed as a genus to contain
Ihe following species ui> to that time commonly associated with Vvsiier-
'In liinua-us's statement the figures I and 6 are evidently tran8i)osed.
-Skandinavisk Fauna, I, Piiggdjuren, 2ded., 1817, pp. 17-20.
'Naturgesch. d. Siiugethiere Deutschlauds, pp. 71, K4, 1857.
^Sverigesoch Norges Uyggradsdjur, I, Diiggdjuren, p. 141, footnote, 1874.
" * I afsecnde pa tilliimpningeu hiir af det Liuneanska genus-uamnet
YeapertUio, kan dereniot iuviindas, att Liuu6 icke uti detta genus upptagiteueudaaf
le arter, soiu Kcyserling & lilasius dorunder beskrifvit, och att det hade varit
littare, att anviinda detta namn fJir t7)regaende sliigte [' f'c»pei'ifjo'], emedau on
If de af J^inuo uti si. VespertUio iipptagna arterna — VegpertUio murinns Lin. —
Itmiustoue till hnfvudsaklig del, euligt hvad ofvau blifvit anfiirdt tillhiir niimde
^iigte. Da cniellertid dcu af Keyserling & Ulasius infiu-da tilliimpningeu af
lumet vuuuit hiifd, vilja vi bibehatla den, ehuru vi ause inviiuduiageu vara befogad.
r
20
NORTH AMKKICAN FAUNA,
li
!!fi
tilio: HerotinUH^dtMvolor, nilfmotti^Hurii, l«;n<Hinte,nrintipi>€, uoctula, leialerij
kulilii, (ilholimbatHH, mUhmii, iuid pipiHtreUuH. The tirst six were |>lace<l
in tlie new .subgcnuH Vesperm, tlie otiicrs in the Hnbi^enuH Vtupcrvfpt.
Hence the type uuiRt be a member of tlie second {ftonp. This group,
however, contains two modern genera, tlie first represented by the spe
cies noctuin and leislcri, the second by Icuhlii, htlbolitnhatuH^ ( kultlii,
Jide I)<>bs(m), ^nathiiHiV ( ahraimm, fide l)ol»son), and pipiHtfeUux.
Tlieselnid already been named Vtvryyixtex and Pipintrellus, respectively,
by Kaup in I.S2!>. Hence VeHperw/o is nnteimbh; in any connection.
Vesperus Keyserling and Blasius, 1839 (VV'legmann's Arcliiv f. Natnr-
gesch., 5ter Jaiirgang, Bd. I, p. 3l.'{), proposed as a subgenus of' Ves-
pvruffo^Ui in<;hide tli9 species Herotiniis, dm'ohir, nilnHoni, saini, leuvippv^
and (triHtippe, is antedated by CncphaiiH Kaup, 1829, KpicHitmH liatines-
(pie, 1820, and Venpertilio Linna'us, 1708. It is moreover preoccupied in
Kntomology by VvapvrtiH Latreille, 1829.
2. Specific aud Subspecific Names.
Afflnis (Vespertilio). II. Allen, Monogr. liats N. Am., ]>. 53, 1864.
The type of Dr. Harrison Allen's VvHprrtUlo apiiiis, now in the United
States National Museum, proves to be a typical example of Mifotin
lmifH<jm. It is therefore in no way related to tiie VespirtUio nitidun
or V. albeHcenn of Dr. Allen's s»!cond nn)n<»grapli.
Albescens (Vespertilio). E. (Jeoffroy, Ann. Mus. dMiist. Nat., Paris,
VIII, p. 204, 1806. This is a South Amerii;an species of il///o^/.s', jiroba
bly closely related to M.vtii/cr (J. A. Allen). The measurements given
by A/.ara and (juoted in the original description are: Total length, 80
mm.; tail, 33; extent «>f wings, 23"); ear, 14. The name alhescvm has
been used by Dr. Harristui Allen for Myoth t/Kinanensis, M. erotis, M.
vuii/ornicus {^Vespertilio alljcsrenti mcluHorhinuN''), M. rrlifer, jM. thym-
nodes [xwuXqv M. rr/i/(fr),and M. lueij'mjus C Vespertilio albescens aljinis''),
which he unites as subspecties.
AU)ig^laris (Vesperus). Peters, Monatsber. K. L'reuss. Akad. Wiss.,
Berlin, p. 260, 1872. Vespertilio nlhigularis (Peters) is the tyi»e of the
subgenus MarsipoUemns. The (characters given in the original descrip-
tion indicate a well marked species, with which, however, I am wholly
unacquainted. The type was (tollccted in AIexi(;o.
AUeni (Bhogeessa). Thomas, Ann. <.^ Mag. Nat. Hist., 0th ser., X,
p. 477, 1892. This is the only name tor this si»ecies.
Americana (Atalapha). Uatines(iue, Precis des Decouv. Somiologi(|ues,
]>. 12, 1814. This is a synonym of /ya-v/Mrw/* />o»ea/«*' (Miiller), though
properly speaking the name is a nomen nudum (see p. 10(5).
Arquatus (Vespertilio). Say, Long's Expedition to the Bocky Moun
tains, I, p. 167, footnote, 1823. The description clearly indicates Ves-
pertilio /metis Beauvois.
Andnboni (Vespertilio). Harlan, Featherstonehangh's Monthly Ameri-
can Journal of Geology and Natural History, I, p. 22(), PI. II, November,
1831. Both description aud x>late indicate the silver-haired bat.
i ;!i
NOMKNCLATIIRK.
21
Anstroriparias (Veipertilio laoiftigniB). lihoiuls, I'roc. Acnd. Nat. Svi.
riiilii., p. 227, May, 1897. VcHprrtilio UiciJ'ugnH auHlroripariuH iMioadH
i8 SI synonym of Myniitt htcifuijuH (Le ('onto). The type, a two-tliirds
grown young from Tarpon Spiiiifis, Florida, shows iinnicrous cliaracters
l)y which it may be disfingnislied from njutht'in adults, but the lull
;;rown 1oj»otypo8 are, as originally determined by Dr. Harrison Allen
(see iMioads, I.e.), indistinguishable from northern specimens of /ifrt/Vf-
{/iis that have been immersed in alcohol lor a similar period. Even if it
weie assumed that the Tarpon Springs bat ditt'ercd in some way not
now (lis<'«»verable from the ' hwi/uf/UH of North Carolina and northward,'
there couhl be little doubt that the southern form was the one originally
described by Le Conte. (See page 03).
Bellii (Scotophilus). (iray, List Spec. IVlamm. lirit. Mus., ]i. 30, 1843.
ticotophiluH hellii (Iray is a noinen nudum i)robably based on one of the
West Indian forms of VeHitertUio J'ltHvm. (Iray's account is as follows:
"Hkll's Bat. Sootopiiilits Bellii. (/Inspirits. West Indies. — Pre-
sented by Thonms P.ell, Esq., F. li. S."
Borealis (Vespertilio). Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl., p. 21, 1776. Miiller's
VespcrtiUi) horeoUx is the tirst name based on the red bat, Lminnoi
horealis.
Brevirostrifl (Vespertilio). IMaximilian, Wiegmann's Andiiv. f. Natur-
geschichte, 1.S<»1, Bd. I, p. ll>r», Vrxpcrtilio Inrvirostris of Maximilian is
probably Myofis iHci/uffm (Le Conte). The original nu'asurements
are: Total length, 3"; extent, 0" 4'"; ear from crown, a.V"; tragus, l\"'.
Calcaratus (Vespertilio). Kalinestiue, Anu'rit'an Monthly Magazine,
111, p. 44ii, 1818. Ko known bat agrees with the description of llafi-
nes«|ue's Vespertilio caicaratus, which is as follows: "Tail one-third,
Ixxly dark brown above, dark fallow beneath, wings black, shafts rose-
coloured, a si>ur at the inner side of the elbow, hind feet black. Length
4 in<!hes, breadth 12."
Califomicus (Vespertilio). And. iJt Bathm., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila,, VIII, Pt. II, ]>. 285, 1842. This is the earliest name based on
the small western bat commonly known as Vespertilio nitidus II. Allen.
The «>riginal description is as follows : '
/'. rali/orniriia (('.iliforiiiiin liat). — V. I'lisco liitcscciiH, vi'lloro l(tiij;oet iiiolli; tr.ijjo
loiijritiKlino (liiiiidiiini aiiris <-xcc<lciit*^
('(iliforiiian hat. — Witli long silky hairs; Irajjus iii«»ro than lialf the haijjtb «»f the
car; color lijjlit yellowish brown.
hefimptioti. — Anterior npper fore tooth hilohato. Head small; nose nharp; ears
iif nuxhrale nhv, erect, rather narrow, and pointed. Traijnx linvar, atleniiaiid. Winjjs
111 niodorato length, which together with the ears arc naked, fiiterf amoral iinmhntue
with (I feiv scallereil liaim; feet nmuJI; nails slightly hooked. Tail projecting a little
lieyond the interfenior.al membrane.
Color. — The jielage, which in uniisualhi Ion;/ for the nise of thebody, and very soft and
fjlossy, is, on the upper Burfaeu, dark plumbeou* from the base, and broadly I'ipt with
■ I have italicized statements spiM-ially applicable to ' )'. nilidHH.'
\«
92
NORTH AMKRfOAN FAUNA.
i
I! i ^
hi I
Ujlht nellnufUk hrown; on tlio nixltir Hiirfiirit tlio luilor in ii llttlo diirknr, owiiiK to th«
outer extreiiiitiuH of tlitt liitirH liciiig inori! nnrrowly txl^cil witli tliH |>r<-vtiiliii)j color
on tho back, exbihitiiiK tliu tinrkvr uliadcs lioiimtli. Tlio eiirH iiiiil tragim aru Itluck-
iih — the none, chin, win^H. anil interfuuioral ineinbraiie dark brown.
Hab. — We have obtained bnt a sinKln Hpecimcn, which wuh captured at California.
2-2 1-1
Dentition. — InciHora ^ . Canines .,.
IHmenniont. — Length of hoiul and body, 1 inch 7 linen [40 mm.] ; len;;th of tail, 1
inch 5 lincH [:<.5.8] ; length of Hjiread, 7 inclicn (i lineH [VM\ ; height of car )Hmturiorly,
3 linen [0.35] ; heiKlit of tragtiH, 2 linen [3.8 1.
The only otlier .small bats known to occur in California are I'ipiHfrelhm
hesperuH, Mi/ofiti tltymtiodeH, M. ffttmuncuHiH, M. vrotis, and M. luci/iifiiiH
loiujicrtiH. That Veftpertilio cali/oriiicUH can not be Pipintrelltis heupcntH
h 8hown by the ilescription of the tragus. l"'roin Myoiis thyHanoiles it is
separated by its small size and un fringed interfemoral membrane; from
M.yumanemis by its small feet; from .1/. evotts by its short ears, and
from M. iHcifuijuH longiorm by its light coh)r and small size. Myntu
thymnotJes and M. Inei/ugu8 lonf/ivrnH are moreover comparatively' rare
bats in California, while ' Vcspertilio nitidm^ is one of the most common
and universally distributed species.
Carolii (Vespertilio). Temminck, ]Nronogra]diies de Mammal., II, p.
237 (I3me Monogr.), 1835-41. The Vcttpcrlilh mrolii of Temmin<',k is
without doubt Myntis liui/iufux ( Le Contc). That it is a Myoiix is shown
by the number of titeth, siv molars in each Jaw, while that it is not M.
anhulaius, the only other species known to occur in the vicinity of Phil
adelphia or New York, is shown by the short ear, 1 1..5 mm. in 'cngth.'
Carolinensis (Vespertilio). (jreoffro,\ , Ann. du Mus. d'llist. it., Paris,
VIII, p. 193, 1806.^
This species is Vesperfilio fuacux IJeauvois. Dr. Harrison Allen in
'The esneiitial part of tho ori<rinal ilcHcription in an iollown:
"Taille et forniun de notrc pipiMtrelic, niaiN les oreilion plnn lonj^ncn. * * *
oreillea in<^diocren, uvu'ides, lui pen (li'coupceH h Iciir bord t-stcriciir, sans lobe on
prolongenient cu iivant; tra^tiN en fenille dc sanlc " " '. I>ents inciuivcs I ])ar
pairt* en haut et 6 en has; nioluires partout; Ics donx prcnli^rcs faunnen niolaircs
do la ni:lchoirc supcrioiiro trcs potilon, coiirtcH et ]iointiieH.
"Pelage bicolorc partont. .lours, cotes dii con ct toiitcs les particn siipi'trieurcs
d'nn brnn-rounsatrc a bane des ])oils noirs; en (lessons d'un bluiio jauniltre a la pointc
et brun-foncc a la base » * *.
"Longueur tutale 3 ponces 5 lignes, dont la qiione prend 1 pouco I lignes; envcr
gnreS poucos n ligncs; antibrai^liiiun 1 ponce 4 lignes; hauteur de I'ureillo depuis Ic
cnluo ,ju8<iu'au bout 5 lignes; * " *.
"Patrie, L'Ain^riiiuo sejitentrionale, <lann les environs de I'hiladelphie et do New
York."
'^The original description is ns tVdlows:
"2. J'enplertilio} <<irolinenHi». Le vespertilion do la Caroliui' est moins grand i\m
le pr(^c£dent [' r. miiriuus'], nuvis d'aillenrs il lui ressouible beaucoiip. II a ses orcilles
et oreillousde nif-me forme et de nicnic dimension relative; son poll est aussidcdenx
couleura, cendr<5-noiriUre d'abord et brun-niarron a la pointe. L'extremit<5 des poils
est en desaous d'un janue tirant sur 1(> ventre ; entin les oreiHcs sont garnies de poils
dnna presque la nioiti<^ de leur longueur, it In ipiciui a une petite portion qui n'cst
pas earelopp^e par la inembrauu iuteifoiuoralu. Cea cousidoratioua rduaiea ii celles
NOMKNCLATUBE.
23
viiiK to tho
i uru Itluck-
Cnlitbniia.
til of tail, 1
|i<iHtitriorly,
'ipinfreUuH
. hicij'iiffni
IS lifspcnin
imxk'H it is
uiu^
from
ears, aiul
e. Myotix
tively rare
%i coiuinon
nal., II, !>•
iniuiiu'.k is
/« is shown
t is not M.
ity of Phil
UMif^th.'
It., Palis,
n Allen in
» * »
008,
siiiis lob(i nil
iHOH iiiolikiruH
■» snjK^iieiirrs
re !i III pointr
i^riies; eiu'or-
lillo (leiiiiis h'
lie ot do New
118 jj;raii«l <)n<
1 A sesoreilles
iiiissi ilo deux
uitd de8 polls
brnles de polls
tion qui u'cst
uniea ik cellerf
liiH recent monograph has applied tlie unnie mrolinen«iii to the (Heorgiaii
bat {l'ipi»tnllHs Hubftarun), but there is no reason to doubt that Geof-
froy's animal was thu large browu bat. The head and skull are both
figured, the former on PI. I, the latter on PI. II. These are only a tritle
smaller than the head and skull of VinpertUh fterotinuH figured on the
same plates, aud very much larger than the figures of the head and
skull of PipuireUuH pipiHirellm, a species of about the same si/e as I'.
siihjhirut. The teeth are very indistinctly shown in the tigure, but in
the two copies which I have examined' I can tind no indication of the
second upper premolar of I'iputreUua.
Chryionotns (Veapertilio). J. A. Allen, Hull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
N. Y., VIII, p. 240, November 21, 1896. VeHpertUio chryHonotm J. A.
Allen, from Kinney Uanch, Wyoming, is a pale example of MyotU
evotin (II. Allen), with mutilated tail. (See p. 80.)
Ciliolabnun (Veapertilio). Merriani, Proc. Hiol. Soc. Washington, IV,
p. 1, 1886. Vespertilio ciliolabnun^ Merriam, is the only name based on
the iiallid race of Myoth californicua inhabiting the plains of South
Dakota, Kansas, and Texas. The type was taken at Manner, Kansas.
Cinereas (Vespertilio). P>eauvois, Catalogue K'aisonue du Museum de
Mr. C. W. Peale. Philadelphie, p. 18, 1796. VeHpertilio cinerem
Ueauvois (originally misspelled linereus) is the first name based on the
hoary bat, l^asiuruH cinereiiH. The description is so detailed and accu-
rate as to leave no doubt as to the animal that Heauvois had in nnnd.'
The typo came from Pennsylvania, somewhere near Philadelphia, where
the species undoubtedly occurs during migrations.
Grassus (Vespertilio). F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. d' Hist. Nat., Paris,
I, p. 18, 1832. I can aot identify F. Cuvier's Vvxpertilio erasHUM. The
tiroes de la truito dirtV-ri'iito dii pelaxo, ni'ont i>arii ('tablir avcc uaae/. do ceititiido la
non-ldoiititi' d't'spi-ci- de co vcspertllloii avoc le muriniiH ; u'ent re qirindl<|iioiit en
outre lo8 proportioitsdn crAiie. I-o chaiifieiii oHt jdiis court et plus larj^e dans li- vcs-
ptTtillon d<' la Caroline Kii void les diinciiHinuM: longueur du corpB, 01 luillimitreH;
lie la <iueuo, 28; de I'enx I'lguro, liSi).
"Cette espi'ce n'a point i-ucoro I't*- dccrite: ello lu'a ^t^ renii8e par M. Bosc, qui He
IVst procuri^o lors de son si^Joiir a la Caroline. Co Havant natuialiste a liieu voiilii
in'intuinier (|u'ello y est oxcoHsivoiiiont coiiiiiiune. On la reconiuiitra aiix <'arart<-roH
aiiivans: <)rciUen obloiiniivs, de la longueur (If la trie, relitfH en par lie; oreillon in ilemi
ciiiir. I'vlage d'un hnni marron en dinniis, Jaiinuire in diiKOim,"
'In tile Harvard CoUogo library, Cambridge, MasH., and in tlie SniitliHoiiian library,
Washington, D. C.
•17. Cbaiive-Hoiiris grise. Deux proinirri's dentH siipfTieiires fort petitos & pen
apparcntea. 'IV'tebhunhatro; oreiile.s rondos, platea, blaiiche.s, lo poiirtoiir iioir, line
a)i])(>iidi(-o a la base. I'oils du corps gris, vers la baso; noirs vers la puintr Jic blanks
a I'extivmitd; do sorte que I'aninial a I'air dV-tre luouclieto de blanc. Cos poils
sVtendt'ut juaqiie aur la inoinbrAno qui envoloppe la queue. La moiiibrilne ailifuriiie
est (^galcnient veliio en dessons a la partie antorieure, ainai qu'au desaua a la base de
I'ongle saillant. Cetto menibrAno est (environ uue fuis plus graude que dana I'espi-co
pri'ci'dento [reiperlilio fuacua^. Elle a de douze a qiiatorxe poudes d'euvergeure.
Lea nariues sont einarginoea.
(irey Bat. respertilio linereua [aio].
Elle ne se trouve point ddcrite dana lea anteura. Cette ckauve-Souria so trouve
dana la Penailvanie.
lf?Tr
24
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
animal may be NifctieehiH humnnlis, but there \a iiottiin^ in the original
description' to indicate this with certiunty. Fortunately the name is
not needed as all the si>ccies now known to inhabit the eastern United
States were already named at the time when it was published.
Creeks (Vespertilio). F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Pari-,
I, p. 18, 1832. VcspertUio creekn F. Cuvier is anotlier unidentitiabh*
species. Le Conte, however, who sent the type specimen to Cuvier,
states that tlie animal is tiie same as Njicticea crepuscuhiris Le Cont«'
{N. hiimerolin Hatinesque). Nothing in tlie original description- con-
tradicts this a.ssertion.
Crepnscnlarib (Nycticea). Le Conte, Mr'Murtrie's Cuvier, Animal
Kingdom, I, j). 431, 1831. This bat is the NifcticeiuH hvnicralis of Katin-
es(|ue.
Cabanns (Vesperus). Gundlaeh, Monatsber. K. Prenss. Akad. Wiss.,
Berlin, j). l.'iO, 1861. The description of this species indicates a
Nyctireius ch>8ely related to N. hnmeralis. As I liave seen no Cuban
specimens, I am unable to say whether the animal is specifically distinct
from the mainland form (see p. 121).
Cubensis (ScotophiloB). Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 7, 1839. Scoto
phihis rnhensit< Gray is evidently the Cuban Wspcrtilw. The original
description is as tbllows:
Fni- blaokiffli brown (in Bpirits); win<;8 dark, blackish; nndcrsido of the intor-
fenioral ni(>nibrane whitish, witli 8<'att<MC<l hairs; fo<>t lar^ro; bi'el bono sliort. tajter-
in^; cars moderate, outire; tragus ovato-laucuolato. Jjody and liead2.f; tail V\; fori'
arm 1}. I lab. Cnba.
This is the first name based on the animal to which it refers.
Cyanopterus (Vespertilio). Kalinestiue, American Monthly Mag., Hi,
p. 445, 1818. Uatinescjue's Vettpertilio rt/aiioptcrns can not be identified
with any known bat. The original description is as follows:
Tail one-third, 2 incisores above, <» beneath, body dark gray above, bluish gray
benciath. wings of a dark bluish gray, shafts blatk, ears anriculated, lonijor than
the head. Length 3 inchi s, breadth 10.
'A la t<*te des MurinoTdes, deux fausses niolaircs aiioniah'S do ehaquo vMo dcs deux
nnlchoircs; I'oreille obtuse cl I'orcillon on couteau.
Toules h!s |iarti)>s supi^rieurcs dn corps sont d'lin brun-inarron grisAtrc, ot los par
ties in f(^rieures blondes; Ics polls, aleuroriginc, sont plus fonct''S(|ii'i'i Icur cxtr.'initi''.
Des moustaches garnisscut Us cotes do la lovro supdrieurc et Textromitt^ de la
mAchoire infcrit-nre.
Longueur du corps, du bout dn mnsoau lY I'originc do la queue, 2 pouoes; de la
queue, 1 p(»uce 8 ligncs; envergure, H ponces S ligncs.
Cette esp.'ce oat due a M. Lesueiir, (pii I'a cnvoyeo de New-York, sons le noni (|ne
je Ini ai eouservd.
•5 Le V. Creeks, T. Crerls.
A la t^'to dn SerotinoTdes, point do fansscs molairos anom.alcB a la machoirc supi'-
rieure, ct line seule al'inferieuro; roriolloestechancn'c, et I'oreillon en eoutcau; les
parties 8Up<^rieurcsHontd'un briui j an iiatre, les parties inlerieurcsd'un gris sale, b's
polls detoutcsecs jtartiessont iioirs i\ leur base. Dos moustaches garnissent lescMtes
dn mnseau et ledessousde Tcxtremite de la inaehorie infericure.
I^ongner du corps, du bout, dn mnseau a rorigine do la queue, 2 ponces; de la
queue, 1 pence 6 lignes; envergure, !( jiouces.
De C<<5orgic'. Uil anx rechorches de M. le ujajor Leconte.
liH
Itl
men
(iKf
tra;,
:.
fi'MI
sent
liau
sn]ti
Vi
part
an (;
fJK
<l.- 1
bou
'i
l,<
■T
prei
on S
I'l
NOMENCr.ATUUE.
25
klie original
he name is
tern United
ed.
Nat., Paris
identifiable
to Cuvier,
is Le Coiit*'
iption- coll-
ier, Animal
lis of Hattn-
kad. Wiss.,
indicates a
n no Cuban
ally distinct
839. Scoto
Hie original
of the inter
o slioit, tai)ei-
i; t-.uWi; for.'
fers.
r Mag., Ill,
)G identiiiod
s :
o, bliiisli gray
i1, loinjer tliiiii
» cftto des deux
trc, <>t los |>ar
IcniM^xtiv'iuiti''.
xtroiiiito de la
ponces; de la
ms to noin (|nc
niAclutiro snpi'-
•n tonteau; U's
ill gris .sale, It's
lisHont It'scotos
! pouceH ; de la
i
Cynooephalos (Hyctioea). Le Conte, McMnrtrio'.s Ciivier, Animal
Kingdom, I, p. 432, 1831. This is a free-tailed bat, the common Xyc-
tinomus of the southeastern United States.
Domesticus (V'»3pertilio). Green, Donghty's Cabinet of Natural His-
tory, II, p. 290, 1832. The descripJon refers without mu('h doubt to
Myotis Itici/iufus Le Conte, named only one year previously. Type
locality a village iv western Pennsylvania near a stream which enters
the Ohio a few miles from Pittsbnrg.
Dut^rtreus (Vespertilio). Gervais, in Ramon de la Sagra's Hist, de I'lle
de Cuba, Maniin., ]>. 0; Atlas, Tome II, 1840. This is Vespertilio fus-
ts cuhcmis (Gray), as shown by the number of teeth, 32, a»jd by the
size, forearm 47 inin.
Erythrodactylus (Vespertilio). Teinminck, Monographies de Mamm.,
II, p. 2.'i8 (13mc Monogr.), 1835-41. Teinminck describes his Vesper-
tilio erythrodactylus as a bat with short, roundish ears, long tail, inter-
Icmoral membrane hairy on basal half above, four upper incisors, and
general reddish-brown color.'
Tin's is a combination of characters normally possessed by no known
North American bat. The type is said to have cojjie frum the neiglibor-
liood of Philadelphia. It is probably ripistrctlus subjlarus reddened
by alcohol (see p. 8).
Evotis (Vespertilio). H. Allen, Monogr. North Am. Bats, p. 48, 1864.
This is the tirst name for the large eared Myotis of the western United
States.
Exilis (Vespertilio). II. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ]>. 283,
1866. Vespertilio exilis is a synonym of Myotis cnli/ornicus. The tyjie
came from Ca])e St. Lucas.
Frantzii (Atalapha). Peters, Slonatsber. K. l''reuss. Akad. Wiss.,
Berlin (1870), p. 008, 1871. Peters's Attdaplia franizii from Costa
liica is the small, scantily furred southern race of Lasiurus horealis.
It had previously been described as Atalapha mexieana by Saustiure.
'Taille inoindro t\\\o la piphlrelle. Tout rantibiacliluin, la base des doigts ft la
nit'nihrane inti'rdi^itale dn ]pienuer doigt roufjeatre; Ics antrcs inoniUraneH iioireM.
Oreilles ]>oilMCH depnis la has") Jnsxiu'a plus de inoitii' de la l<in<>'n<'nr, petites ovoTdes;
tragii- en renille de sanle; <i«ene tris longiie a jjiand Itont lilire; nienibraue inter-
fi'iMorab' en dessns uioitii'^ poiliie; par dcssons, rayre de v<?ini'H en losange, d'oii nais-
(sent des soies tri's conrteH disposoes a claire-voie. l)ents iui'iNJveH ■! par paire en
liant et <> en lias; niolairea 5 ])»rt(>ijt, Rcnlonient uue fansse niolaire a la niadioire
supt'iienre.
I'elage long, fin et soyenx; en dessns trieolore, an dessons bicoloro. 'Pontes les
]>aiticH snperienies tl'nne teintt> brnne-rongeiltrt!; niais iin pen janniUre a la ti'te et
an con; les polls <''tant noirs a la liase, jniis Jaunatreet le bout brnn-ionji;eatre; nioitifi
de I'interft'niorale tres pnilne; en dcssons brnn fonce il la base i-t, brnn-ronasatre an
bont; membranes des llancs et inter fiMnorale eonviTtes de poils rares.
Longueur totale 2 ponces 10 lignes on 3 ponces ponr niaxiniuni, dont la ijiiequo
l)rend 1 ]>ouce 4 lignes; antibratdiinm 1 ponce 1' lignes; euvergnrc 7 ponces (> lignes
on S ponces an max iinnni. * * '
I'alriv. L'Amt^riiiue septentrionale dans les environs «le Fliiladelpliie.
Ifm
20
NORTH AMEKK'AN FAUNA.
Funebris (Lanonu). FitzingtT, Sit/uiifjsber. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien,
Iste Abth.. LXII, p. 4(i, 1870. iMsiunm /unebriH Fitzinger, basal on
the yy<-ti(TJiis norehoracensis ot" Tennniuck,' from Tennes.see and Mis-
souri, is a synonym of Lamtrus borealis (Miiller), as shown by the
reference to the reddish-brown color and white shoulder spot.
FoBcata (Atalapha). Kafinesque, Annals of Nature, p. 2, 1820. Kati-
ne8que*s Atalapha fusvata can not be identified. The original descrip-
tion is as follows:
K.are lungers th.in the licail, aiiriciilnted and bl.iokisli ; t.ail tliree-seventlis of total
leii^;tli, jutting only I>y an obtUHO )(uint; body 'orownish abovf. grayish beneath
^liouUlei-s and ohe«'kN dark brown; hind ti'ct blackish, hairy altove; wings blai-kish
lirowu. — I-'oiind in thi> northern parts of the state of New York and in Vermont.
Total length three ami an half inches. My g^tnis .tttil<i]>ha (Prec. dec.) contain all
the Hats without fore teeth; there arc 3 or 4 species of them in the l'nite<l States all
blended nnder the name of I'mptTtilio (or Xovtilio) Horeboraren»iit by the writers.
Fuscos (Vespertilio). iieauvois, Catalogue Itaisoniie du Museum de
^Mr. C W. Peale. Philadelphie, j). 18, 1796. Ves2)€rtilio/useu.<t Beanvois
is the first name based <m the common brown bat of the eastern rnitod
t>t:«tes.* The orijj^inal description is faulty, as it contains a jrlaring
error with respect to the number of upper incisors, which are said to be
only two. Nevertheless there can be no doubt as to the animal that
Beauvois intended to describe, since only one brown bat of the si/.«> of
Mifoiis mi/otis ('la chauve-souris ordinaire de France') inhabits the
region about Philadelphia.
Georgianus (Vespertilio). F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. d'llist. Nat..
Paris, I, p. 1(5, 1832. The specific name //c«>r/jfirt»H.v long]>assed current
for the small PipitttreUus inhabiting thejeastern United States^. In 18J)3
II. Allen substituted for it the older name carol inensis (leotVroy. As
idready shown, however, there can bo no d(mbt that Geoffroy's animal
was Vespertilio /iisviis. It is equally certain that Cuvier's name can
not be apiWicd to the (Jeorgian bat, since his description probably
refers to a MjintiK, while in the same i»aper Cuvier accunitely tlescribcs
the (leorgian bat as Vexpertilio mihflaniH. Le Cont<*, wIm> collected the
8i)ecinu'ns on which sever;il of Cuvier's species were b;iso«l. d«'scribes
the lleorgian bat under the name 'jeoryianus,-' and expre.s.«*Iy states that
'Monographies de Manimalogie, II (ISnic Monogr.), j). ir>8.
-16. Chau\e-souris brune. l>eu\ premieres di :s siipr-rienres. distanlcs I'une de
I'antre, I.V voisines dos eanines. nne fois jdus conrtcs ir.ie ces •IcniitTes: oreilles Jiues.
noiratres, ovales, ave<' nn appendico a leur base; (|ueue prcsi|n"aiissi longue i|ne K-
••orjis (lii t»-t« except*') meniliranc ailifornie noirAtre: poilsdu cori)s bnins en desnus,
grisatres eu dessons.
Itrown bat. VexptTlillo funens.
Cette Chanve-Bonris est la plus commune <|iie Ton troiivedans le« envirovs del'hil
.idelphie. Kile ressenibic bcauconp a la chanvc-sonris ordinaire de Trance, uiaiti en
ditVi re cssentiellemcnt ]>,'ir le nombre des dents de la machoiro superienre.
=• Proc. Acad. Xat. Sei. I'hila.. VII ( IS-'hl-rC). p. 1.11, 185«).
NOMENCLATURE.
27
88., Wien,
, based on
B and Mis-
^n by tbe
t
820. Hati
lal desciip
ntlis «>f total
yisli beiieatli
ni^s bla«'ki8li
in Veriiioiit.
. I cniitaiii all
te<l ^*tates all
; writi-rs.
Mnseuin de
UH Beaijvois
tern I'nitod
s a jrlarin<r
e said to lie
animal that
f the siz»' ot
nhabits thi-
rilist. Xat..
sst'd rurn'Ml
es. In 1803
eoftVoy. As
Toy's animal
's name can
ion jirobablN
ely «leseribe>
collected tlu'
e<l. de8eril)e>
ly states that
ttaiiti--<« I'liin' <1<'
»: ore ill 1-8 lines.
<i lonjriK" M"** ''■
linins en dessus.
nvirovs ileVlii!
trance. uiai;i < n
ienre.
this was the animal that the French autlior had in hand. Tlie evi-
dence is so strongly against this view that Le ( 'onte's statement may be
safely disregarded.'
Oreenii (Scotophilas). Gray. List Spec. Mainm. Brit. IVFus., p. 30, 1843.
Gray's Scot<>phUi(n (ireenii is a noiin-n midinn which refers without much
doubt, however, to Vexpertilio fuscits. The name is introduced as fol-
lows: ''Giii:en's I)AT. Scotophilits Greenii. « lu spirits. — North
America. Presented by .lai'ob Green, M.D.''
Oryphus (Vespertilio). K. Cnvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. d'llist. Nat.. I, p.
IT), 1832. l>r. Harrison Allen has recently used the name ' Ve.Hpertilio''
(/ryplius for the ' l'.' Iitvi/injiis an<l ' V.'' stibiilntiiN of his first nionograpli
which he unites as subspecies.^ The combination of characters; two
premolars in each Jaw, light yellow c(dor, and hairy lips,-' is not known
in any b;it inhabiting the eastern United States. Hence tlie description
is wholly undeterminable. Le Conte refers the name to Vespertilio Jm-
*•»«,' but this detei-mination is very doubtful.
Henshawii (Vespertilio nitidus j. 1 1 . A lien, Monogr. Bats N. Am., p. 103,
1893. V<s2)rrtilio )iifitlii)i hcnshairii 11. Allen is a synonyni of Mffotis
cali lor ulcus, based on pale examples <»f the latter lr<uu near Wingate,
N. iviex.
Hesperus (Scotophilas). U. Allen, Mon<»gr. N. Am. Bats, p. 43, 1864.
This is the first name basi'd on the common l'ipi.stnllii,s of the south,
western United States.
Hameralis (Vespertilio). Bafinesijue, AmericMin Monthly Mag., Ill,
p 445,1818. While there is nothing nbsolutely diagnostic in the original
'Tlie original (Ifrscription i»f J'experlilio gtorg\<in\ifi i« as follows:
"Ala ti'tc, «U'8 MiiriiuiTfles; I'lireillu est <M-liaucMV(^ ct roreillon en alrne. Tontos
les pMi'ties HiipiTieiiri's (III ciiriis sunt cnlorrt-H ])ar iiti nu'-laii^e dr noir et <Ii- blnntl
iaiinatrc. Lu uoii paroit, ]iari-<M|iie la ]>uintf ties ]iiiils <|iii est blonde tie rncoiivre
pas, a cause de sa bn-vitt'-, le reste de la lon<;iH'iir dc ecs polls <iiii est noir. I^es ]iar-
tifs iiifi'i'ieares sont <;riseH, niais ni<''lan;;('es de nuir, ]inr Im nirnio c.iuse i|iii fait
]i:iroitre cette couleiir aiix parties supi-rieiires. l>es nioiistiK^lics ^iirnissent les critra
des li'vres siiperienres, et le di-ssoiis do rextri'mitc' de la iiiachoire inf<^rieiii'o.
'' Longiietir dii eorps, du bout dii iiiiisean a I'ori^iuu de la iiiieiie, 1 police (i lijrnes;
de la queue. 1 ponce 2 liynea; enverfjiire, 7 ponees.
"De (i<''orjjie. Du anx rcclierclies de M. le inaj(U' Lecoiite."
-Mouojir. Hats X. Am., i>. 7.">, ls!);i.
'The description is as follows:
".\ la tcte <lc8 Mnrinoub's et ileiix faiis.«ies inolairos aiioiuales fort petites de eliaijue
cntc <les deux niaclioires; roreillc est ecliaiicrcc et I'ori'illon cii coiittMiu. Toiites ics
parties snp«^rieures du corps sont (I'liu bloud Jannatre, Ics parties inferioures sont
prises, niaia lea jioils dea mis et ties aiitres scuit iioirs a Icui' extrciiiitc iiMV'rii'ure, Les
parties niies sont violatres. Des nionataclics ^ianiissent les cotes de la li'vro siipt--
ricure et le dessous do l'extri''niit»'' de la luaelioire infV'rieiin'. Loiijjiienr du corjis. dc
rextiviiiite du iiiuseau a rori(;ine de la (|Ucui>, 1 ]ionce !) li^iics; do la iiuouc, 1 poiico
'J li-iiies; cnverjjiiic, 7 i>ouccs ll» lij^nea.
" Des environs do New York. Du aiix roclierclies de M. Milltcrt."
M'roc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Pliila, VII (18.">4-.V)), p. 4at, 1«5«.
,
28
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
tleseription' of tliis g|>eeie.s. its siibsw|ueiit treatiueiit is sncli as to leave
no reasonable doubt tbat Hatiuesque bad in ii)ind the bat at'teiward
named Nt/cticea crepuHctdarix by Le Conte. In J819 Eatincsque based
the genns NycticeiuM on two of bis species of Vesim'tilio which dirtere<l
from all others known to him in the possession of only two incisors
in the npper Jaw. One of these, V. tesselalus, was the red bat, LaxiuniH
horealis. The other. J'. huHwraliif, must have been the twilijfht bat, as
tliere isnothin*; in tht dest-ription that precludes it, and noother small
species with two up|HT incisors is known in the eastern United States.
Incautus (Vespertilio). J. A. Allen, I>ull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., VIII,
]). 239, Noveniber 21, 1896. Vrspertilio incautus J. A. Allen, is a syno-
nym of Mi/otis n-lifer (J, A. Allen), based on specimens of the latter
fronj San Antonio. Tex. (See p. "»!>.)
Intermedins (Lasionu). II. Allen, Proc. Acsid. Nat. Sci. Pliila. (1H62),
p. 14(), 1863. This is the only s]»ecitic name based on the bat now
known as iMxypterint iHtmintliiis.
Keenii (Vespertilio subolatus). Merriam, American Naturalist, XXIX,
p. <S0(), September 1, 1894. Vexpcriilio suhnlatiiH kevmi is the only name
based on the t»;\rk form of Myotis HubulatUH occurrin{? on the (^ueen
Charlotte Ishinr.s, liritish Columbia.
Lanceolatus (Vespertilio:. Maximilian, Weise in das Innere Nord-
Ameriea, I, i>. 304. f<H»tnote. 1839. The spi'cifij! name Ifimrohttiis was
proposed Dy Maximilian as a substitute i'or .sii hula tun, nhoxM the animal
which he desijjnated by the latter name jnove to be different from
Say's.'' Maximilian's )tiihHhitii.s is described at considerable lenjjjth and
is probably the Vesptrtiliti hiri/iu/iis of Le Conte. The following: meas-
urements are jriven: Total lengtii. 3" V"; extent, 8" J)'"; tail, 1" 3":
ear, G'"; tragus, 2.V".
Lasiuras (Vespertilio i. Sehrel>er, Siiugthiere, Abth. I, PI. LXII li.
published with Abth. IV, Heft 34, 1781.' The figure of VeHpntlUo
UmuruH is a good representation of the red bat (Laniiiriis horetilin Miil
ler, 177(1). Dobson 'cites this name as dating from 1775, in which case
it would be the earliest for the si»e<'ies. Tiiis is, however, a mistake. PI.
LXII appeared with Abth. i in 1774, but PI. LXII 11, was not pub-
lished until 17.SI with Abth. IV. V ft 34. The species is mentioned in
Abth. I (p. 17<i) as 'Die nordamerikanische Fle<lermaus,'
Lasurus (Vespertilio;. lioddaert, Klenchus Aninnvlium I, ]>. 71, 1785.
'Tail tliree-sevontliB. n]»i»er in«-iM>re8 2, rciiiotc, lowor 6, boily dark lirowii alxivo.
Hlionldcrs black, ^irsiy l>eiii>ntli. \vin<^, tail, carH. niiil snout ItlackiNli, oycH iiiiiUt tin-
hair, ears lotigi-r than the lii-.-iil. elliptical, anricnlatod. IiOi);;tU H 1-2 iinhcit.
breadth 11.
•Diese Fledennaiis lieschrieb ich in iiieiiiciii Ta<;olMiclieii)itcrder liciicniiiiii<; lV»/».
lanreolatHM, sie lint abcr viel Aeliulirlikeit iiiit Sav's T. mibiilutiiK. /ii Itetlilelieiii in
PeiinHylvaiiieii erhielt ii-h zwei Exeiiiplare * " * .
-' For date of publication >teo .Sherl>nrn, I'roc. /.ool, .Soc. J^oudou, 18!)t, p. 589.
«Catni,l. Chiroptera Brit. Xlns., p. 2»B«, 1878.
NOMENCLATURE.
29
Vesiurtilio laifurun lioddaeit is prolmbly u iiiispriiit for V. IxKiiiniii, since
reference is nuule to 8cli rebel's plate.'
Lecontii (Plecotus). Cooper, Ann. Lyeenni Nat. Hist. N«'w York, IV,
p. 72, 1848. Concerninjr I'lerotits lerontii, CooiH'r says:
Tlie name wacvotiM 1 liav<^ ventureil to siiporsiule, hh Ik-Sii;; in UDwisc iliMtinctivn of
tLt- spt'fifs, Init ill reality (lcriv<'«l from a v;«'iie''ic t'liar.ictfr, wiiicli in nomo 8]>«H:icH
is niomnlcvelopod than in I lie present. Tlio i-ars liciii"; therefore rather initill for the
^eiiiis, tills name becomes contiadlutorv ; ah<l no American naturalist will re;rret the
o|ipiirtui)ity thns iiHorckMl of payinj; a well merited tribute to the discoverer of so
many rare aud remarkable animals of this eunntry.
Tin- nairo is of course a synonym of inavrotis Le Conte.
Leibii (Vespertilio). And. iS: Bacii.. .lonrn. Aca«l. Nat. Sci. IMiila.,
Vlll, I*t. II, p. 2SJ. 1842. Vespertilio leibii And. & IJacii., fnnii Krie
Comity, Midi, |now <)liio| is probably Mifotis lm-i/ii;ii(>i Le Conte. The
nieasarcuicnts are as follows: " Lenfjftb of head and body I inch 7 lines;
tail 1 inch I linos; spread 7 inches; height of ear posteriorly L'.l lines;
trains 1 line."
Longicrus (Vespertilio). True, Scienc«% VIII, No. 2u;>, p. ."iHS, hec. 24,
1886. Vespertilio hnu/irrm True, is the only inline based on the coni-
nioii western subspecies of Myotis sHhiilatns.
Lucifugus (Vespertilio). Le Conte, McMurtrie's Ciivier, Animal Kins'
dom, 1, p. 431, 1831. The original de8crii»ti(»n of VcHjiertilio lnci/ui/iis
Le Conte is as follows:
Aiitt-rior upper lore-teeth liilobate; body above dark brown, beneath <;inereiins;
niise sub-bllobate; face with a nakedish |)rominenco on each side; ears oblonii;,
naked, traj^ns suli-linear, half us loiifi; as the ears; tall iH-ojectiiif; a little bexond the
membrane; leii<rth to the insertion of the tail two inches and ai|iiarter; tall one
inch and .a <|uarter.
From this ahnie it would be impossible to identify the aniiuiil that
the writer had in mind. Kortunately, Le Conte treatetl the species in
more detail in a paper piiblishetl in the Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1S.~»5 (pp. 4.'»1-4.">.S). Here he
recogni/.es three species of ' Vespertilio'' with thirty eight teeth as occnr-
irng in the eastern I'liited Htates. These are V.snhuliitus, V.liiei/iufus,
atid r. fportjinnus. V.jieoniitnitis is (dearly npisin Ihis sithflarKs, which
Le Conte placetl with the thirty eight-toothed species through an error
in counting the teeth. V. Iiivi/ii<iiis avid \'. snhulntKs ol' Le Conte are
evidently based on indivitluiil variation.^ >. .Ue shorter-eared of the two
eastern species of J///«/ /.v. The only ditferencr in Le Conte's descrip-
tions of the two forms are the following: V. siihiih(tiis: I-lar slightly
emarginate; length 2.0; tail 1.1; extent y.4; head .t>: ears .4; orillon
..■>. V. Iiu-i/uiftis: Ears so much emarginatetl as to appear hooketl;
length .l.-S; tail l.G; extent 11.7; head .70; ears .lo; orillou .2.
' Hoddaerfs account is as foUowB:
" Lasnriis. 1(5. V. caiiihi longissiuia, rostro obli(|Ui> triincato, In loiitjiie (Jiiene.
.Sihreb., tab. .52. H loiKjUnhd Hat."
Habitat: ''(^uare Doct. I'rxleben, /imincrnianii, I'euiiaut liune notabileui vesper-
tilioneu oiniseruut, mihi lutet."
I' I
li
30
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Macleayii (Scotophilns). (iray, List 8pec. Maiiiin. Brit. Mu»., p. .'tO,
1843. tScotopliilHs nKich a If i i iir'Ay is a iioineii iiikIiiiii, probably based
on Vespertilio fiinrns cubensis. (J ray says merely: *'.Ma(^Leay's Bat.
ScoTOPHiLUS MacLcayii a In spirits. Male. Cuba. — Presented by
W. S. MacLeay, Esq."
Macropus (Vespertilio). U. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Soi. Phila., p. 2.S8.
1866. Vespcrtilio maviopuH II. Allen i^^ a synonym of Myoti^f ffumaiiennin
(II. Allen). The name is, moreover, p eoeeupied by VcupvrtiUo marrojntu
CJould, 1854.'
MacTOtis (Plecotns). Le Conte, MeMurtrie's Cuyier, Animal King-
dom, I, p. 4.'U, 1831. PUnttuH mavrotis Le <'«»nte is the first name cer-
tainly applied to the bat now known as Corynorhiiuix macrotiH.
Katinesq lie's Vrsprrtilio me(/<tlotix nmy have been the same aninnil, but
his description is so poor that it is imiwssible to determine what he
refers to.
Macnlatus (Histiotus). .1. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New-
York, III, p. 1i>"», 1891. Ilinti(>tu.s inuciiiatus is the name under which
the bat now known as Eudwrna maruUitinn was first described.
Megalotis (Vespertilio). Bafinesque, American .Monthly Ma$;., Ill, p.
440, 1818. There is notiiiny; in the original description-' of Bafinesqne's
Veyperiilio mcfialntis by which the species can Ik* iclentificd. It is i>os-
sibly tlie animal afterwards nanie<l I'Uvotuff marioti.s by Le Contc.
Melanops (Eptesicus), Balinesque, Annals of Natu;., |>. 3, 1820.
When Bafinesque transferred his VcsptrtHio phainpit to the {jenus
Eptcsit-us, he changed the specific name to imlaiiopx, thus adding
another to the synonyms of Ve.sin'rtUio/uifcns.
Melanorhinus (Vespertilio). Merriam, North American Fauna, No. 3,
p. 4(», September 11, 1890. Vi'sjurtilio mrUtnorliinKK Merriam is a syn-
onym of Myotin eaHf'oriiicHs, based on a specimen «»f the latter from San
Francisco Mountain, Arizona.
KelanotUB (Vespertilio). Battiies<pie, American Monthly Mag., Ill, p.
445, 1818. Batinesqne's Vrsiiertilio metanotH.s is hopelessly indetermi-
nable. The original descrii)tion is:
Tail oiui-tliinl, brown iiUovc, K^'ty lieiieatli, biwly l>lai-ki8li alM»ve, whitish liom-iith,
wings dark gr.ty, shafts black, oars aiiriculuted. loumli-d. Leugth 4 1-2 inclies,
breadth 12 1-2.
Melas (Eptesicus). Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII (1854-55),
p. 438, 1856. In a paper on the bats of the United States published in
1850, Le Conte refers to IJptesicus melan Rafinesque as an unidentifie<l
species. I have been able to find no such name in any of Bafinesqne's
writings and therefore suppose that Eptesiems inelais is a misprint for
E. myda«, especially as the latter is not mentioned by Le Conte.
*Maiiiiuals of Australia, III {Jiiie Dobson).
-Tail three-eighths of total length, body dark gray above, pale gray beneath, cars
very largu, duplicated, auricules nearly as long. I^'ugth 4 inches, breadth 12 inches.
NOMEXCLATl'KE.
31
Vlus., i». .'W,
lably based
eay's liAT.
eBeutc'd by
Inla., p. ti.S8.
jftimaveuHiH
'io nuuropttn
liinal Kiiig-
st name cer
IX macrotix.
animal, but
ue wbat he
Hist., New
under wbich
ibed.
Mag., HI, 1).
i{ariue»ime's
1. It is i>os-
3 Conte.
1». a, 1820.
I) the genus
bus adding
auna, No. 3,
am is a syn
ter from San
Mag., Ill, 1>.
y indetcrmi
iiitish lient'iitli,
1 4 1-2 iiulies,
II (1854-r>5),
mblished iu
unidentified
Rafinesque's
misprint for
3onte.
y beneath, ears
ulth 12 inches.
Merriami (Vesperugo). Dobson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XVIII, p.
124, 1886. Vesper Hijo merriaiHi I)ol>son, was based on a specimen of
I'ipistreUKK liespertis from Ked IMull", Tehama County, Cal., wrongly
suppc sed to have been taken at Lo(!Ust Grove, N. Y.
Mexicana (Atalapha). t: .ussure, Itevnc^ et Mag. de Zool., 2e sit., XIII,
1». 97, 1861. Atalapha mcviennn 8;mssnre is tbe fir.st name based on
the southern rdaeof Lasix nts burcaliH, afterwards described by I'eters
as Atalapha /raufsii.
Mezicanus (Vespertilio). Saussurr, IJevue et Mag. <le Zool., 2e ser.,
Xll. p. 282, July, 1860. Under the name Vespertilio me.vieani(s Saus-
sure describe«l the large, dark Mexican form of Myotis caliJornivuH,
which liad hitherto received no name.
Miradorensis (Scotophilus). II. Allen, Proc.Acad. Nat. Si'i. Phila., p.
2S7, 1866. SeotophiUis miradorensis II. Allen is the only name based
on the large southern form of Vespertilio fuseus.
Honachus (Vespertilio). Itafincsciuc, American Monthly Mag., Ill, p.
44,5. 1818. The original descripti«m <tf Ivalinesque's Vespertilio monaehus
leaves no doubt that it refers to Lasiurus hurealis (Miiller). It is as
follows:
Titil one-fourth, hairy above, frinjjoil lateriiUy. body ]>ah', fallow above ami below,
liciid and nock covered with a l«in;;er I'lir of a dark red fallow, wiiiirs dark }?ray,
shafts red, hiud feet black, uose red, ears concealed in the fur. Length i iuchcH,
lircadth 12.
Monticola (Vespertilio). And. «S: r.ach., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
I, No. 7, p. 92, October, 1841. Vespertilio montieola is probably Vipis-
trellus stihjlariis (F. Cuvier), though the description is not wholly per-
tinent to this 8i)ecies. The original account is as follows:
/>»;»(>7i/i« monlicola (Mountain bat).— V. vesi>crtilione 8ubulat<a brcvior ; anricuhiH
brevioribns; tragus noiie\<'cdcnti bus, dimidianilongituiliucni anriculic; colore fnlvo.
Mountain Hat. — Smaller fliau .Say'.s bat (f. Hiiliulotiin); ca^s shorter; tragus, less
tliiiii half the length of the ear; color, yellowish brown. Upper foreteeth bilobate,
cars moderate, naked, erect, rather broad at base; tragus line.-ir, subulate, body
suiidi; wings long; tail projecting a line beyond the interf(;nioraI nicuibraue, which
is slightly sprinkled with hair above and beneath.
Ciilor. — The nose and chin .are black ; cars liu;lit brown; wing membranes dark
l»rown. The whole of the fur of the body, above and beneath, is from the roots, of
a uniform yellowish-brown eolor.
'fhe species differs from Say's bat not only in color, but in the much shorter oars and
tragus. The size and shape of the tragus we have found an invaluable guide in our
Auiericau bats; the ears of the present sjiecies, when alive. t\w always ««rect; Avhile
those of Say's Bat are folded backward like those of the long-eared Hate— /7c-
coliis. * * *
Dimensions. — Length of head and body, 1 inch 8 lines; length of tail, 1 inch 6
lines; length of spread, 8 inches; height of ear posteriorly, IJ lines; height of
tragus, IJ lines.
N. H. — The tragus in Say's Bat is fonr-and-a-half lines in height. Several s]>i'ci.
I mens of this Hat were obtained during the summer, on the mountains of N'irginia, at
; the Grey Sulphur Springs. They were uuifonu iu size uud color.
T iiV
82
NOKTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Mydas (Eptesions). Katiiiesfiuc, Aiiiuils of Nature, p. ii, 1820. The
de.scri[>tiuii of Kptenivm mydnn leaves the ispe<ues hopelessly indeter-
miuable. It is as follows:
FalvouB above, grey )>vuent)i; wings, ears niid tail, pale brown, shafts whitlHh;
ears double the length of the head; tail naked, slightly inucrouate, nearly as louj;
as the body. — I have observed it in th<t barrens of Kentucky Hying iu the houst-s.
Total length three inches, of which the tail includes tive-twelfths. Ears three-
(inarters of an inch long. I mentioned it under the name of I'esp. mi/daa in my
account of the Bats of the western states, (Am. Mag. v. 3). I have sinc<^ instituted
two other genera with them, Hypexoilon and Nt/cHceiiia (Prodr. 70 N. G. An); the
others are ))robably Atalaphes. I know already tifteen speciea of Bats in the
United States, almost all new ones.
No bat is known to ociuir in Kentucky that combines the characters
attributed to this animal.
Mystax (Vespertilio). Katinesquo, American Monthly Mag., III. p.
445, 1818. This species which liatinesque had already referred to as
Novtilio mystojCy^ is described as follows:
Tail two-tifths of total length, upper incisores none, lower 6, 2 warts at the
lower Jaw, body entirely fallow, toji of the head brownish, ours brown, auricu-
lated, longer than the head. Length 5 inches, breadth 14.
In the diagnosis of tlie genus //y^>c«wZow, based on this species, some
further characters — such as 'nostrils round, projecting,' and Mips
whiskered' — are added, which only serve to increase the impossibility
of identifying the animal.
Nigricans (Vespertilio). Maximilian, Beitriige Naturgesch. Brasil., II,
p. 2C<», 1826. Myotis nigrivana (Maximilian) is a species closely related
to M. californicii8, which it replaces in the tropical fauna from southern
Mexico southward. The name was <i))[)lied to M. californirns by Dr.
Harrison Allen in his recent monograph (18!).'i). In tiie original descrip-
tion Maximilian cites Schinz ('Thierreich u. s. w. IJ. I. p. 179') as
authority for the name. As I have been unable to verify this reference
I do not know whether the name was actually publ'shed before 1826.
Nitidus (Vespertilio). II. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (1862),
p. 247, 1863. Venpertilio nitidm II. Allen, is the common small brown
bat of the western United States and therefore the name is a synonym
of F. californicua And. & Bach., 1842.
Noctivagans (Vespertilio.) Le Oonte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal King
dom, I, p. 431, 1831. This is the tirst name based on the silver-haired
bat, Lusionycteris noctivagans.
Noveboraoensis (Vespertilio). Erxlebeu, Syst. liegni Auim., I, p. 15.5,
1777. Erxleben's Vespertilio norieboraeensis was based on the New
York bat of Pennant (Synop. Quadr., p. 367), 'Die nordamerikanische
Fledermaus' of Schreber (Siiugthiere, I, p. 176), and *Der Neujorker' of
Miiller (Natursyst. Suppl., p. 20). It is therefore the red bat, Lasinrus
borealis.
Noveboracns (Vespertilio). Boddacrt, Elenchus Animalinm, I, p. 71,
1785. This is the red bat, Lmiurus borealis Miiller. Boddaert men-
> Auierican Monthly Mag., Ill, p. 354.
.1 Hii:
NOMKNCLATIIHE.
d8
characters
)ecie8, some
tions the \?hite Hhoiihler iiiai'k.s characteristic of the species ainl refers
to Hchieber and Peniiaiit.
ObscuruB (Vespertilio). II. AUeii, Proc. A(;tul. Nat. Hci. Phihi., p. 2S1,
1866. Veupvrtilio obHCurun II. Allen, is one of the numerous synonyms
of Myotin valijhrnivm. The type specimens (uviue from Lower Oalllornia.
Oregonensis (Vespertilio). it. Allen, Moii^r. liats N. Am., p. <il, 1864.
Tlie wording of Dr. Allen's account of Vexpertilio oreyoneiinix is so
ambiguous as to leave some doubt as to whether he inten(le<l to apply
the name to specimens from Fort Yuma and Cape St. Lucas (Nos. r»tor>,
~)i>M, and r)402) or to a skin labeled orciiommix by LeConte. In either
case the name is a synonym of V. cali/ornivm And. & Bach. Under
V. nitMm he says :
No8. 5105,5537, aud 5102, four spocinioiiH in iill, premtnt tlm foUowinji; iteiiiliaritios:
Till- tnr iM lun^u^ur tliaii in utbeiH of Mio collectioti. On tlio bacli tlio bitso uf tliu Iitiir
is blackish; upper tliird piilo yellow, turning tu n deMc-uto li;;lit-.vcllo\vi.sli ni>«set
lirown; on the belly the hair is dark brown at the biise, with li<{ht tipH; thohiiirHoi)
the interfenioinl nieniliraue are also of a ]i(rht (M>lor. lu other rcdpectN the charac-
ters are the same as (he other specinionH. 'I'ho dried Hpecinien, No. 5512, labeled by
I ir. !.e t'onte V. oinjunctmit, though never described by him, probably beliin<;8 to this
\iiriety. If the individuals having the above coloration shonid be funnd to consti-
tiilc a new species, this name will be reserved for it.
Pallidus (Vespertilio). Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. IMiila., VII,
(185i-ti5) p. 4.'{7, 1866. Vespertilio pallidum Le Conte is the only name
based on the Eastern form of Antro::ous, the type of the genus. Le
Conte stated that his species came from California, but this i.s evidently
an error, as pointed out by Baird and Harrison Allen. The tyjjc, now
in the United States National Museum, is labeled 'Fort Clark, Texas.'
It aj^rees in all resi)ect8 with skins taken in the same region by Dr. K.
A. Mearns.
Parvula (Rhogeessa). II. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., [). L'8r»,
1868. lihofjel'saapamdn LI. Allcji, from the Tres Marias islands, Mexico,
is probably distinct from any of the nieinbers of the genus that occur
on the mainland. The type is now mislaid or lost.
Pfeifferi (Atalapha). (luudlach, Mouaisber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wi.ss.,
lierliii, p. 152, 1861. Guudlach's Atalapha pfeifferi is the only name
based on the Cuban form of Lasitirus horeaUs.
Phaiops (Vespertilio). Bafinestiue, American Monthly Mag., Ill, p. 445,
1818. Under the name Vespertilio phaiopa^ Katinesque gave an accurate
(description of Vespertilio fusexs Beauvois. He says:
Tail one-third of total liMigth, naked, nincronate, body dnsky bay above, pule
Iboneath, face, ears and winj^s blackish, \ incisores in the upper Jaw, y on each side,
|4livided by a large Hat wart, unequal, the outside ones larger and bilobed, G small
jincisores at the lower jaw. Length 11-2 inches, breadth 13.
Priscus (Nyotitherium). Marsh, American Journ. Sci. \' Arts, ',k\ ser.,
IIV, p. 128, 1872. Nyctitherium priscus Marsh is a name based on a
Ifragment of a fossil lower jaw from the Eocene or lower Miocene near
jllenrys Pork, Wyoming.
Propinqutts (Vespems). Peters, Mouatsber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.,
2772— No. 13 3
34
NORTH AMEBICAN FAUNA.
.■>!■;
I .1 :
'!i
!•
ill I
Berlin, p. 262, 1872. VeHjuriiH propinqum Peters from 8atitn Ysabel,
(iuatoinala,is tlio Hiiiall Hotitlieru furin of VeHpertilio/nacuti. I eaii find
uo other name based un this aninia].
Froinoaus (Vesp«rtilio). Hay, Loiif^'s Kxi>edition to the liocky Moun-
tains, I., p. 107, footnote, 1823. VeHpertilio pruinoauH Hay, \h tlie hoary
bat, LasiurtiH cinereun (Iteauv.). It was described from a specinieii
taken at Engineer Cantonment, Washin^^ton County, Nebraska, -t miles
above the mouth of the Boyer Kiver and not far from Council Blutts,
Iowa.
Pnlvemlentns (Vespertilio). Temminck, Monogr. de Mamm., II, ]>. 2.'^%
(13" Monofjr.), 1835-1841. Under the name VeHpertilio pnlrerulentim
Temminck gives an accurate description of a specimen of LasionnvteriH
noetivagann taken on the Missouri Kiver.
Bafinesquii (Plecotus). Lesson, Manuel de Mammalogie, ]>. 00, 1827.
PleeotuH rajinesqmi Lesson is a name based on Raflnesque's indetermi
nable Vespertilio megalotis.^
Bubellas (Vespertilio). Beauvois, Catalogue Uaisonnc du Museum de
Mr. C. W. Peale. Philadelphie, p. IS, 1796. VespcrtHio rubeUuH Beau-
vois is the red bat, LaHiiirus horealix (Midler).*
Rubra (Vespertilio). Ord, in Guthrie's Ceogrsii>liy, I'd American cd.,
II, p. 291, 1815 (lihoads' lieprint, 1894). This is another synonym of
LimuruH horealis (Midler). The name appenrs in a nominal list of
North American bats. In a footnote, however, Ord says: "Described
by Mr. Wilson. See American Ornithology, Vol. VI, i>. 00." Wilson's
description, as well as his figure on plate 50 (fig. 4) of the 1.S12 edition,
refers unquestionably to the red bat.
Kufus (Vespertilio). Warden, Description des Etats-Unis de I'Amorique
Septeutrionale, V, p. GOO, 1820. Warden's Vespertilio rufus is another
synonym of Lasiurus horeaUa based on Wilson's descriijtion and figure.
Salarii (Vespertilio). F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. d'llist. Nat., Paris,
I, p. 15, 1832. Like most of the si)ecies described in the same paper,
' TLo original description is as follows :
"Polage cl'iiii giis foiicc on dcssus, ot d'un gris ps'ilo en dcHsouB; oreilies tri-s ;;raii-
des et doubles, poiirvucs d'oreillons aiissi longs qu'ellea; uVst peiit-("tro qii'uiie va-
ri<5t<5 de iiotre oreillard. llbbite les Etats-rniH."
^18. Chauve-Soiiris roiigeatif. Deux preiiiii-reH dents plus petites quo leH cnnincn,
mais appareutes, t<'to aiusi que le foip« d'uno couleur rougeatrc uu'lro do quelques
poils blanchAtrcs. Oieillcs couleur do chair, nuvs, rcplidcs et append icu I i<^eH a lenr
base. Narincs i^uiargiudcs et distantes Tunc de I'autre. Vespertilio rubellus. Kud.
isb bat.
Les poila du corps fornicnt quelqncH fois dcs /ones roiigeatres et blanches, l.n
niembrAno ailitbruie est vclue ca ilessus s'l la partie autcrieure, ct couvorto de poiia
roux dcssus ct autour du la queue. L'iudividu que nous d<5crivou8 est d'autant xdiis
curieux qu'il a dtd 2>ris avec trois petits qu'il portc sur sou ventre. Cc qu'il y a <lo
plus particulier, cVst ([ue d'eux d'entr'cux resseniblent parfaitcmcnt i\ la mere pour
la couleur et I'autre est tout a fait roux. La nionibranc ailiforme est couvertes du
raie un peu transparentos qui vues an jour, reprdsentent des quarrds en foruie de ;
Lozangc. La couleur noire dc cctte membrane coutraste avec les couleurs du corps j
et celle des divisions dus pa(t«a,de devant, i^ui sout de couleur de chair, lorsq^uo I'aiii-
mal est en vie.
NOMKNCLATIJKE.
36
tft Ynabel,
1 can tiiiil
cky Moun-
i the hoary
t Hpeciinon
*ka, ;{ iniU's
ncil lUutts,
i.,ll,l>.2.V.,
ulverulcutuH
lasionycterin
p. tHJ, 1827.
* indetenni
Musomii (U'
ibeUuH Beau
uieiican c(l.,
synonym ot
ininal list ot
" Desciibetl
►." Wilson's
1812 edition,
le r Ain(''ri(iue
18 is another
|n and ligmc.
;. Nat., Paris,
same paper,
eilles trt'B };raii-
Utro nu'uue va-
Iqne les canin*''*,
jlt'o tic quehiues
111 icn litres a leiir
Irubellns. Kwl- |
lilaiiclies. l.:«
Buverto de poilu
Ist tVautant plnn
Cf qu'il y » <'«
) ii la uiiTe i>c»ir
kst converteB «1«
\r6» en foruie tie
Imleare du coriis
lir, lorsquo I'aiii-
IVx;;er/»7io«<i/'(r// is indeterminable. No known North Anierieaii bat
combineH liairy lips, reildish brown color, and two premolars in each
jaw.'
Seminola (Atalapha borealis). IMioads, Proc. Acad. Nat. 8ci. Phila., p.
32,1895. This is the dull niahoj^auy-brown race of LaHiHrm horealig
pecidiar to the Austroriparian I'auna. No other name has been base<l
on this aninuil.
Septentrionalis (Vespertilio gryphus). Trouessart, Cataloj^us Mainma-
lium tanj Viventium quam Fossilium, p. 131, 1897. Trouessart's Yen-
pvrtiUo tfri/phuM var. Meittciiti'ion<ili» is the only name uiM(uestionab]y
based on the Myoiix commonly kiH)wn as VeHpertiiio nithnlatus Say. It
is merely a latinization of 'northern form o( Venpertiiiif (frypbus,^ t\\o
designation applied by J)r. Harrison Allen in bis Monograph of 1893
to the r. mdntlatuH of his first monograph.
Serotinus (Nyctilestes). Marsh, Am. Journ. Sci. & Arts, 3d ser., IV,
p. 21.'», 1872.. The name Xi/ctilcsU-8 serotinus was applied by Marsh to
the f(»s.sil Jaw of a bat found l>y him at Grizzly Buttes, Wyoming.
Subflavns (Vespertilio). Cuvier, Nonv. Anu. Mus. d'llist. Nat., Paris,
1, p. 17, 1832. Vespertilio suhftanis is one of the few North American
l»ats named by F. Cuvier that can be identilied. It is without doubt
the (leorgia ])nt{ripistrellii8 8i(l>Jlavu8), comnnmly known ixa^ Vesper in fo
tivorgiauHS.'' The peculiar cok)ring of this si)ecies, unique among the
bats of the eastern I'nited States, is very accurately described.^ This
is the iirst account of an American bat in which this color pattern is
referred to. The mixture of dark and light hues in Ouvier's V. (jeonji
(uins is due to the shortness of the fnr in his spe(!imen, which allows
the dark bases of the hairs to appear irregularly on the surface. This
is not at all the case with the small ripistrellus of the eastern United
States. In this bat the hairs are tricolored, dark at the bases, yellowish
'Th*- (iri;L;iiiul deseriptiou in as follows:
''A la tctc <h-8 MuriiioideH et doux t'ausm's inolalrcs de chaqno cAtd des deux ina-
I'lioiroH; I'oreille eut ocliaiicrt^u et rorcilluii cii conteaii. 'i'oiitcs le8 partifH Hiip^ri-
IcMi't'M ilii corps Hout d'liii briiu-iiiarron grisfitio, el lots partieH iuftTieurcH gria-
liiiiiic'liatreH. Aiix parties liniiica Ioh jioils soiit plus loners a leiir inoitit't iiifrrieiire
!i|ira Ifiir superieure; ils soiit iiou'sdaiis cette iniVrieiire aii\ jtarties UTis. Les ]>ur-
tics uiics HOiit bruiies, des iiiuiistaches gaiiiisseiit le.s cotes do la li-vre siipt-noure
I ft le dfssoiis de rextrtiiiito dc^ la inaclioiie iiilcrieiire.
*' i.oii,i;iieiir du corps, dii liont du nniseuu a rori<;ine de la <|ueue, 1 ponce (> ligues;
\i\v, la queue, 1 pence 7 ligucs; euvergurc, 7 jtouceH 7 lignes.
'• Des environs de \ew York. IJu aux recberches de M. Milliert.''
•Tiie original description is as follows:
"A la tt'te des Murinoides; I'oreillo est i^cbancrt'c, et I'oreillon en deiui-co-nr. Le.s
|))arties snp<^ricnre.s dn corps sont d'uu lilond gris clair, legi'rcinont ondulecs do
jlirunatrc; les parties inforieures d'uu blanc Jaunatre; les poils des jmrties Hnp<5ri-
lei'ifs scut noirs a leur base, blancbfltres dans la ]ilus graude partie de Icnr longueur,
let brunatres i\ leurpoiute; cenx des parties iuferieures sont noirs a leur inoiti6 in-
|f<^rieure, et d'uu blanc jatinAtro a leur autre nioiti6. Des nmnstacbes garni.ssent les
|c("itr8 do la livro superieure, et le dessous de rextr6uiit<5 de la machoire inferieure.
" Longueur du coqts, du bout du nuiseau il I'origine de la queue, 1 pouce G ligues;
kle la queue, 1 pouce 3 ligues; envergnre, 7 ponces.
" l>e (jicorgie. D(i aux recliercbes de M. le major Lecoute."
IF
1' • > '
'Mi
NUKTIl AMEUU'AN FAUNA.
I 'i'!
' 'i
I
i
I
in
1
ill thu iiiidilk', and dark at tliii exti'ume ti|»H. TIiIh \h exactly wlisit
Cuviurdusciibessis tliucliaractciof tliefur«it'lii»'HI(>iidiir(/'.»H/>//arHN).
Subulatoa (Vespertilio). Hay, in Lon^r'H Kxped. t(» Kocl^y MtH., 11, p. 05
footiiotis 1823. Tlic original dcHcriptidii of VtHpertiliu tmlntlatUH IcavcH
tliu NiMiduH uiideteriiiinable. It is as follows:
KaiH loii^fi' tliiiii Itniiid, iiuurly uh Ioii^ ih tlio liuuil, hiiiry on tli« ItuMikl lialf, u littl«
v«3nti'icoKu oil tlio aii((M'ior «mI}.'o, iiimI cNtiMMliii^ iii^ar to tlio <<>«; truKiiH oluiif;uti>«l,
HiiWnliitu; tliu liitii- ul>uvo bliukiHli at Itiisc, tip dull ciiiircoim; tlio iiituircniiural
iiiDiiihraiio hairy at liasu, thi> IttiirH iiiii(!i)loiinMi, ami a fow iiIho Mcatlcre*! over itH hiu'-
liiri>, and mIoii<{ itH ed^o, tin wull a^ that of tho lnarhial iiuMiiliriiiic; hair lioiieath
lda(^k, till- tip ytdlowinli-wliito; hind l'ui4 latliiThiii^, a ftnv Hctii' oxt);ndi lit; over th«*
nails; only a iiiiuiite ])ortion of tint tail jirotindcM beyond thu nioiubrunu. Total
lun^th, ti|"„ inrli<;s. Tail, 1\ iuchvB.
While there is iiothiiij; in this aeconiit that refers ntiqnestionably to
the ]oii{;er eared of the two species of Mifutis inhaliiting the eastern
United Htates, the name has passed cnrrcnt for this animal so lon^ that,
after <;ai'efnl consideration of all the evidence, I am nnwillin;;; to siibsti
tute for it Tronessart's WAuieHcplenttioiuilis, the only one uneiinivocally
based on the species. Hay's Vcxpcrtilio mihuhttuH »!aine from the Arkaii
sas Itiver, near the present town of La Junta, (Colorado. The bats of this
region are not well known, but at present Mi/tttis vrotis, M.valifnrniciis
ciliolabnim, and .1/. Ii(ri/nijus hni(/ivnt>t arc the only ineinb<>rs of the
jjenus Mifolin which may coiilldently be expected to o<!ciir there. From
the known ranj^e of Mijotin mih'ilatiiH to the north and west, however,
its rejfular occurrence in Colorado is by no means impossible. Appar-
ently Le Conte was the llrst subsequent writer to define the name
HiibidatiiH, and, as has already b(>en shown, his animal was an individuiil
variation of the shm-ter eared (»1 the two eastern species. If this deter
mination be taken as tinal, there can be no (piestion as to the necessity
of adopting the name ncptrHfriotialtH for the longer eared animal, bu*^ at
present the power of the 'tlrs revise.' is so much in qi.estion that ti.a
much should not be staked on i, Harrison Allen, in i8(U, applied the
name siihtilatKH to the lon;uer eareu '•« two forms, and in this sense
it passed unchallengtMl until 1<S!K{, wheu '>e same author united the
UwifiKjitH and HubuhituH of his earlier mon(»graph under the sjiecilir
name tfrifplnis. This change has not been generally adopted, so that in
retaining the s])ecilic uauxe subiilattis I am merely continuing the usage
of the i)ast thirty-four years, not, l.owever. without grave misgivings
that the reasons for so <loing are in niiility unsound.
Teliotis (Atalapha). II. Allen, I'roc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XXIX, p. 1.
February 11, 1891. Atalapha tvUclli II. Allen is the only name based
on the Oalitbrnian form of lALsiuruti borealis.
Teuuidorsalis (Vespertilio). II. Allen, I'roc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila., p.
283, 1866. Thip is a synonym of Myotis adi/ornicus based on a speci
men (No. 5533, U. 8. Nat. Mus.) from Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.
TesselatuB (Vespertilio). Katuiesque, American Monthly Mag., Ill,
p. 445, 1818. Kafinesque's Vesjxrtilio tenaehUus is Lasinrus borealis
(Miiller). The original description is as foUows :
Tail half of total length, hairy above, upper iucisores 2, roniote, lower 0, boily
fallow above, head pule, dirty fulvous beneath, with a faint tallow collar, with 2
NO.MKNCI.ATIKE.
87
biiiry white tpotHnliovo near the thnmlt, inemlirniie ItlnrkinhiDotttMl of fiilvniiH inter-
iiiilly itiiil clott*-*! of sarnn externally, Hhat'tt) fiilvoiiH, iumo liilobute, uurs nearly c;oii
lealiMl by tlio Iniir. Length 4 inoh^H, breadth 12.
Townaendi (Pleootus). Cooper, Ann. liyt'euin Nat. Hist. New York, IV,
\i. 7.'{, 1837. Vh'CoiHH toienH€nifi (Jooper 18 tlu' only name based on the
lorni of CorynorhhiuH inliabitinj; tlie northwestern United Htat<'s.
Tumida (RhogeSua). II. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. IMiila., p. l.'S<»,
1866. Uhoffeinna tumiilti 11. Alh-n is the only ininie base<l on the snuill
Mexican bat to which it is now applied.
Ursinns (Vespertilio). Teniminek, Monographies do Mannnalogie, II
{l'^'^ Monoffr.), p. 2:\rt, 1885-41. Tlie description of Teniniinck's V^'iipvr
tiliif tirsiniis refers without much (piostion to Vexprrtilio /iihciih llcauv.,
tliou)<:h the statement is made that there is no false molar in the upper
Jaw. Color, si/e, and external <*haraeters, however, aj^ree with V.J'iihvuh.
Velifer (Vespertilio). .1. A. Allen, Hnll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New
York. HI, p. 177, 1890. The name VcHitertUin nli/vr has been applied
by l>r. .1. A. Allen to a large species of Myotin occurring in Mexi<!o and
the southwestern I'nited Stales. The animal is closely related to the
Vvsjurtilio (ilhrscniH of Dobson and may eventually provt' to be the same
as r. (dbcHceun (leotlroy.
Velox (Nyctitherium). Marsh, Am. .lourn. iSci. iV: Arts, .'Wl ser., IV,
p. IL'7, 1872. Nyrtitlmrhivi rrlo.r is a fossil bat from the lOitcene or
lower Miocene near Henry Fork, Wyoming.
VersBcrucis (Vesperugo). Ward, Amcri(;an Naturalist, XXV, p. 7ir»,
August, 1891. Visjh-nigo renvcntrls Ward is tlie only name based on
a forn\ o( Pipistnlhis occurring in southern Mexico.
Virginianns (Vespertilio). And. «S: Bach., dourn. Aead. Nat. Hei. I'hila.,
I. No. 7, p. *M, October, 1841. VvHpcrtUio rhujinidnus can not be
identilied with any <legree of certainty, though it is without much
doubt one of the small species of Myotis. Tlu> original description is
as follows:
I'isiiirlUit) rifiiiiiiaiiiin (Virginiiin biit). — V. vosportilione niontirolA ]);in]nlnni lon-
<;ior, iinrii'iilns pauliiliini longiorilins iu;i<;is<|nr iii-ntiH; tliMitilnis priinorilins niaxillti'
.sii|)erii)risHini|)licil>ns; iiit.tM'fcnKii'iiH nienibrana nnda ; <-(>r)iorosn])ra tiili;;in<ii)-l'Ms(>ii;
Mill it ns (Mnerc'O-fnscato.
l'i)7//ni((H hut. — A litllo lar^ctr than tin- Monntain Mat; cars a littlf l(>n;i<'raii(l nion^
)iointo(l ; n]>per tore f cctli Hiniph; ; intertVnioral ini'inbrano naltcil ; Hooty brown al>o\ <>,
ash brown beneath.
Hculitioii. — InciMors "~". Canines ~ .
(> 1-1
In si/.t^ tluHsptieiesis intorineiUate lietweeii P. caroHnenxh anil 1'. mihiilaliis. Tboeai'
is naked, los.sronntleil, ami more pointed than cither of the other closely allied HpeeirH.
The trajruH is very narrow, linear, and loss than half the length of tlio ciar. The tail
is inclosed in the interfenioral membrane, except the penultimate joint, which in free.
The anterior npper fore teeth, instead of boinjL; sub simple, as in the T. caroliueHain,
or bilobate, as iit I', fiiihiilafiix and 1". montaiiiig, are sim]ile.
Color. — The nose, npper lip and ni)per Jaw arc black; wings dark brown. The
back is sooty brown; on each shonhler, at the insertion of the wing, there is a cir-
cular black spot about 4 lines in diameter; on the under surface eiuerions brown.
38
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Dimenitions, — Length of bea«l aiul l>o<1y, 2 inclieH 5 linon; length of tail, 1 in(;b;
length of 8prea4l, >^ inches 8 lineu; height of ear posteriorly, 4 lines; height of
tragns, 1} lines.
Hab. — Monntains of Viritinia.
Volans (Vespertilio). H. Allen, Proc. Aoad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 282,
1866. VeHpertilio rolann 11. Allen is another of the numerous syno-
r yms of Myoiin cali/ornicus. The name was based on a specimen from
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California.
Tuinanensis (Vespertilio). II. Alien, Monogr. N. Am. Bats, p. r»8, 1864.
Myotis yumaneusis of II. Allen is the small, large-footed bat, to which
the same author a few years lat<*r ap|>lied the name macropus, and
finally in llis second Monograph regarded as identical with Myotis
albescens ((Jeolfroy).
In a paper published in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences for l.S6(», Dr. Allen gives a revised description
of M. yiimanrnxis, based on a Fort Yuma specimen not mentioned in
the original a<-count of the species. This specimen was M. enlifornkus,
as shown by the very small hind foot which measured oidy two lines,
or 4.2 mm., about half as nuich as the foot of M. yi()»anctisin.
LISTS OK NORTH AMERICAN VESPERTILIOIS'IDyT:.
Forty-six sjx'cios and subspecies of Vespertilionida' are here recog-
nized as occurring in America north of Panama and in the West Indict.
Thisnumberwillprobably be materially increased when the West Indian
and Central American species are better known, iind when adccpiatc
series of skins from the mainland permit the definition of certain geo
graphic races which doubtless exist but whose characters can not be
det<»rmined from the material now in collections. The North American
forms now km»wn, with the names used for them by Harrison Allen in
18()4, Dobson in 1.S7.S and Harrison Allen in 1803, are as follows:
Comi>iiratin tabic of namet uned for Xorlli Americnn VcspertUiofiidw.
NamfK iiNitl in (lie pn'Ri'iit
JllllKT.
H. A Hen. 1864.
DoliHiui. 1K7«.
H. Al'.ii,lP93.
Aiilro7.imi*pallMliin(l.o('<i|i'.«') Aiitrozoim pnlliiliiH i Aiitro/.o'js pallitlii-
(|i«rl). (£iar(l.
AnIrozoiiH puUiilii!) pai'ilii'ii.x Aulni/nns |iali<ilii8 .Viitni/.oiiH paliiiliiR . . . AntrozoiiH palliilii'
Ml rriaiii. (part). j (part).
Kiii!i-mia ina<Milatiiiii (.1. .\ ' Eiiilnniia iiianilata.
Allen).
Corvniirliiinih maomtin (!.«■ Sviiiitiis niai'rntin ('oiviioiliiiuiHiiiaiTi.'N
Coiitc). " I
CoryiKirliimis niaorotU jial Svaiitiia towiiscnili ..I
IcHrt'iiH Kiibxp. no V . |
CoryiiorliiniiKmacrotiHtiiHn ■ IMciMitiis nnuTotift
aencli (<.'oop«r). |
Myotis velifer (J. A. Allen) Vespertilio albogct'n
velifor (part).
|Ve.ipi'rtilio (j;ryplni
Myotl«lucil-igUB (LoCuiite).j ^ ispcrtitio luciaigus., Vospertilio cari)lli |ve"iii>rtfl"o albeacen
I ('(irviioriiiuiiH town
M'liili.
tail, 1 inrh;
»; beigbt of
la., p. 232,
Tons syno-
liinen from
p. 58, 1864.
t, to which
•roptis, and
ith Myotis
[)hia Acad-
descriptiou
en tinned in
'(ili/oniiciis,
y two lines,
X.
K.
here recofj-
Vestlndio^,
Vest Indian
n adtMinatc
ertain geo
ciUi not l)«'
1 Anierican
ion Alh>n in
lows :
n'ido\
AT. II, 1893.
I»
/ii'.iH pallid II "<
II.
zoirn palliilii^ ^
l».
nil iiiiU'iilata.
liliiiiiismacri 'ii
orliiiiiiH t II »' II
li.
rtilio Blbo«c«>ii-
•r (part).
rtilio Br.vpliii-
higiis.
rtilio albenceii '
iii.
TABLE OF NAMEa 39
Comparalive table o/namea u$ed for North American respertiliontdw—ContiunetX.
H. Allen, 1864.
Nanica imeil in the present
Iiaper.
Mrotis lucifiigua longlcms
(True).
M\iitiH !iirifii)rim alaneenRla
Hiilisp. ni)v.
.MyotiH.vuiiianeiiHiHdI. Allen)
Myotis yiiiiinnenHiit Hatiira-
iiiN. Hulwp. nov.
VeHpertilio yiiniancn-
aifl.
Bobsun, 1878.
H. Allen, 1883.
Mvolis ciililbrniciiH (.Viiil.t^ Ve8|ierlilior.itiilii8.
Itaoli.).
Mvotii* ciilirornidis tilinlii '
iiriini (Mi'rriaiii).
My lit i.s lallt'ornioiiHcauriniig '
SIlll.Sp, IIOV.
yitjs calit'iiriiicus iiicxl-
riiiiiiM (.'^iiiisHiire).
.Mviitii* niyriiniis ;M:i\iiiiil-
i.'iii).
Myiitis Hiiliiilatns (Say) Vi-HpiTlilio siilnilatim
MviitiH siiliiilalim lirenii I
(Mi'iriaiiu. I
MyiitJH eviilia (II. .Vllrii) VeMiiei'tilioeviilis...
M,\ itis tliysaniMlea sp. nnv.
l.Msiiiiiyrti'riR nii(:tivn;;anH S(u»t<>)iliilnn nortiva
(I.r (.'iiiitc). );aiiH.
l'i|>istM'llim lii'HiiertiH (II. Srotiiplillna lu'H|ieriia.
Allen*.
rilii.slri'lliixliespi'niaaustra-
lis siilisp. iiiiv.
I'ijii.^lri'lhiH Hiilillaviis (K. Scotiipliiliis Ki'ori;!.
CiiviiM). niiiiH.
ri|iistii'llu» aiilillaviiH nli-
M'liniM Hiilis)i.n<iv.
riplslrilliis VI' raTn. <• 1 s
I Wiiiil).
Vi'.s|irrtili<i riiHcu.t UeniivniM. SriitopliiliiR ruHfua.
Vi »|H rtiliii fiiNciiH iiiinxlii
niisis (H. Allrii).
Vcspirtilio fiisriiH priipiii-
I|M11S (I'ltllH).
Vi'Hpir'iiii. fiiHi'iis lialiammi-
sis siilisp. iiov. I
' I
\ rspiTliliii fi'sruH I'ulioniiis <
((ii-ay). j
\ rspi-rliliii allilunlarii) (Pii- '
llTs.. j
l.asiiii'iis liorealis (Mi'Mrr).. .! Lasiiiriia novpltora-
i-eliaia.
linuliiH
Vo8]H)rtilio nitidna ..
V^eapertilio n i t i il u a
luuciuriia.
[Vcspprtilio allM'arenH.
VeHiiortilio ii it i ilus
luatTopus.
Veapertiliii nitiiliiK(pe-
doiuorpkic variety).
Vesjiortllio nitidtia.
Vo»|M*rtiliii nitiiiiiH
hunaliawi.
Voapertilio nlliearens
nii'lannr'iiniia.
Vea))ertilio niiip'iraus
. (pwrt).
Veapertiliii uitidiiH oil-
lol
J>ertiliii
abriiiu.
VoHpertilii) nigricana . Voapertilio iiij;rioans
i (pan).
VeHpertiliii siiliiilatiiH Vesperlillo gryiilnis
(northern loriii).
Vrspertilio evotis Veppcrtilio idbeareiia
I'viitis.
Vespertilio ullie.siens
veliCi-r (part).
Vespenino niictiva- Lasiotiycteria iioctiva-
gaiia. KiiiiH."
VeajHTUgo heaptrua.
XesperiigogoorgianiiH VeaporuKii camlimn-
mIm.
V'i'spiTiigii Hei'otiniiH Ailelunycteria f'liaciiB.
var. Vosjicriis (iisriia.
Vr.speriigii iiropin;; iiiiai
' sliinis liorCH'
(UhoailN).
I.iisiiiriia ImrealiM pfeiH'eri
(lliiiiillarii).
I.a.siiiriis lioreuliH teliotia (II.
Alien*.
VeHpenigo allilgiilaria :
.\taln|ilia iioveliora- ^ Atalapaanovelioraeen.
leiisia. : aia.
Atilaplia novelKira i
cenHix var. pleltt'erf
AtaUplia ttitiotis.
I'^'iS
■:?5m;:
m
40 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Comparaiirf table of names tuedfor Xofth Amer'u-an I'espertilioHidir — CoTitiir:i.'d-
H. Allen, 1864. Bolisnn, 1878.
Nami-s iiHitl ill tlit- present
paper.
La>iiirii.'<lH>realM in> TicaniiH ! Atalaplia novclinra-
(.Siiiiiwiiri-i. j ifn.sis vnr. fmnt/ii.
I^i>iiirii8 riiKTCiis .Beaiivoiit) La-iiiiniH finiTi-iis .
I)siMVpteni« inteniMiliim 11.
Allin.
Nvi tin-ills Iiiiiiji-riIm Uiili
iies<iiii'.
Xviiicciiifl liiimeralia <'iilia'
iiiiH ((fUtitUarli).
I{|io;:ei'ss.i tiiiiiida U. Allen. .
l:ii<>!:ei''8sa jtarviila II. Allen.
I!li<>^i'i''s.<:a <;r:i«'ilis >p. nov. . .
Klio^ei'ss;! alleni TliniiiiU)
Atiil»|>)ia I'inerea .
H. Allen. 1833.
.Vtalaplia rin<-mL
LnniiiniK int'Tmeiliim. At.ilaplia inte'meilin.. I>a»vpleniM inleniie
■liii.t.
Nv'tieejim orepiLicii- Nvctii'e.jiig I'n-pii.siii- Xyctii-ejiw liiiiiienilia.
^.iris laris.
VeHperiigo parviilus-.i
Lift of \orth Jwrrican I'mpertilionidn-, irith ii/pe localities.
Xann- of aperies Ty |m' liirality.
Aiiti-o:oMii iHilliihix [Lv ( "onti- ) El l'a,so, Toxjis.
AhIi-ozoiis iHilUdiis parijlciis Mei'riiiin Olil I'Vif t Tojou, CaHaila At- la.s I 'va-i. ( "ali-
foi'iiia.
Kiidirmii Mninlatiim (J. A. Allen) Near Pirn, Voiitnra Connty, Califoraia.
t'oriiHorlihiHi miicroliH ( Li- ('oiitc) Ueoijiia (jirobaMy near I{ii-olM)iiii.
f'i>riiiiin-liinii>iiiiacrotiiiialhi«v<nfiH\iUs'p.uov. Keaiii Canon, Xavajn Cuiiuty. Arizoiia.
t'tnuiiorlihiiis inacmliit loiriificHdi (('oiii>ei')- Culnniliia IJiver, Orrmm.
J/i/o/ix rWi/Vr (.1. .\. Allen) Santa fniz <lcl Valli-. iioar Giiatlalajara,
Jalisco, Mexico.
Mjiotix hnii'iif}Hit{\.f ("onto^ (ii>orjiia (prolialilv near Kir«'bonit.
Mi/olix I'liii'iiiiux ahixi'fnxi.t 8iilis]t. nov Sitka, Ala.ska.
Mijuth fiiri/HgiiD I'lHiiifi-KS (Trnc) I'lijji't Sound.
Mfiolis >iHiH)nivH$i» (H. .Mien) Old Fort Yiiniii. California.
Mi/olis ijHiHntirn»i8 naturatiia unbsj). nov Hamilton, Wa.sliiii<rt on.
.Vi/'<(i.s (ii/iyo(iiiriM( .Vnd.iV Itach.) California.
iliiolix cttli/orHicMS caiiriiiHH anh»]>.i\ny MaH8ctt, (/necn Charlotte NlaiiiN. Kritinh
Colninliia.
Mifotix iiili/orMicMM eHioliihriim ( Mcrriam)..'rrc;;o County, Kansas.
M fiolix riili/o'HiruK mesicHHHx {SsiWHuwTr). ..Mesxfit (pvoUatily N'era Cniz, I'liebia, or
Oaxaca).
MflotiH HtV;rir«iM« (Maximilian) Fa/enda dc A,u;a. near Iritil>a River. l(iA/iI.
.1/ »/<>/(■« siihiiliitiix I ."^ay > .Vrkaii8;is K'iver. near I. a .liinta. Colniado.
Myoliti suhnhiliis kvi-nii (Mcrriani) Ma88i'tt, (^in-en Cliarlottt- iKlanils. ItriliHli
Cidnniliia.
Mttolit rroli» 1 II. Allen » MontiTry, California.
Viiolis lliyxaiii'dis 8p. nov Olil Fort Tcjon, California.
I (fKioHfifleri'i ii<n-lini;iaii>n,\A- VoHtv) Kasti-rn I'nited States (exart |iu-alit> nii
known ).
Pipigtnllu* liinjterHit (IL.MIi'n) Old Fort ^nnist, California.
I'ipiilreUmt hufpt-nis (iiii/ra/is snli8|). nov. ..Karraiica Iharrn, .lali8t'o, .Mexii-o.
J'ipixlicUiis $Hhila' H» (F.CuvicD (Jcorgia (piobaldy mar Ricelmro).
I'lpittrtUuti »uhrtarii» ohscuriie 6\ih»\y.uov ..Lake George, New YorV.
ripitlrelliin vent crucis { Ward > I.as Vegas, .Talapa, Vera Crnz, Mexifo.
Venpntilio t'H*riig Itcanvois riiiladol]ihia, Pennsylvania.
Vexpertilio fngc-is miradoreii»h (11. .Mien).. Mir:idor, ^'l■ra Cniz, Me\iei».
Ve»}>titilioj'a'«iiii iiropiwjHHi ( Peters) Santa Ysabel, Onateniala.
lieu. 1^93.
ill* liiinienilui.
liiiaihilnjara.
iiiiU. liritiith
/, I'liebia, or
|iu-.ilit\ nil
FAMILY vespertilionid.t:. 41
Li»t of Xorih American Vesperlilionida', irith type localilien—Voutmnof],
Xamo of i^pooie.i. T.\ 1 1' Imiiliiv .
rrsperliliofiuciis bahamrntis nnhap. no v... Nassau, New Providiiice, IJiiliuiins.
t'ei^liiriiliof uncus cubewis ((Jray) Cuba.
] iKpertUio albigiilaiix (Vvtern) Mexico.
jM><iiiru!< borenlis (^IWWer) New Ymk.
/jisiiiruHboreiiliKaeminoliis (Rlioiuls) TariioirS|iiin>;8, I'loiiila.
Idsiiiiiis borenUs pfeiffiri ( Ciiiitlliirh ) Cuba.
I MHiutuH borialia t(lii>lin ( II. Allen) Caliiornia.
I.iisiurux biirealis mericanus {tiaiiB'iMre) Mixioo (probably Voia Cruz, I'licbia, or
Oiixaca).
Lnsinnix WncrrH* (Hoauvois) Pliiladelpbia, IVnnsylvanii).
IhiKiijilerus ittleriHcdiii8 ]l Alb-ii Matainoni-s, Tanianlipas, Mexico.
\ilitictiiis hinmralis Haliue.si|iin Kentucky.
Siirtiriius hiiuieral in Cuban HsUiniuUiuh). ..Cuba.
L'hoiieisKa tumiila II. Allen Mirailor, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
HboijiiKm parrula H. Allen Tn-s .Marias Islands, Mexii i>.
IHioiie'xsn iiviuiJix sp. ni>v I'iaxtla, I'uebla, Mexico.
lilniijeiHsa alleni Tlioinas Santa Kosalia. near. \ntlan,.laliHco, Mexico.
DKSCKIPTION.S.
FAMILY VESPERTILIONID.^.
i'liaraHi'r.s. — Bats with tiiHiinal Imhh's folded, bony palate defi-ctive
aiit«*riorly owiiij; to the ab.seiice of palatal proecsses to the i>ieina.\ill;e
(lij;. -h); molars with eonspienoiis W-
.>*liaped eusp.**; tail iii(;luded nearly to />^*^'^Sta /V*l ?%c^
tip in larjre iuterfeinoral nienihrane; l/iuCIPm Jr I^J^ ^
inn//.le and no.stril.s variable, but A'-lT^^Jm. M \f • \;
lornier nev«'r proviueu with di.stinet v«*^ /itb «>
h'niiiirhs. — 'llie family as thus de- (j^|*Fll IjSw i '-y!sl
lined is rei»resente«l in North Anu-r- / ^Iw'lilllllf a l^Mim i^% /
i.a b;. three \v< 11 marked sulmrdinate p,„ n._ v,„orinr part ..r rostrum of .,«>,•!..«
jiiiiups, eai '■ ot' whieh may be ranked «»• («) I'linUmiuniniiihi- aini co \,,ji,itii
as a sublr .ilv Speeimens from the ""•"'"< •■•»•
rejrinn M tj t'> .on maybe referred to tlM'ir ])ro]>er {jronps by the fol-
l<»\vnif' shoit; {i.tifieial key.
KIV ru Ti, lll'AMII.IKS OK .NOKTM VMKIJK As \ KSI'KKTI I.IONl D.i:.
Lower incisors 4 liilro:i>iiiii [ p. 11)
Liiwir incisors (i.
Mars joini'il at antrrior lia.sr I'liiothm (p. 1(5)
l".:irs si-parate I'mjnrtilioiiiiKf i )». ."it)
Subfamily ANTROZOINyE.
Tl;. '.ii;tamily is represented by the jyenns Antrnznufi pecnliar to
sonthtt-. - ,' ! Nr.rth Ainerira. Its members may therefore be reeoj;-
nized by rLeir generic clui-Mtera.
n
. -1j
42
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Genus ANTROZOUS H. Allen.
1862. Antrozousn. Allen, I'roc. Acad. Nat. S<i. I'liila., j>. 247.
18()l. Anlrozoiig H. Allen, Mouogr. N. Am. Bats. p. iu.
1S7S. AntrozouM I>oh84»n. Catal. C'Liroi»t<Ta l?rit. Mus., p. 170.
1893. AntrozouB H. Allen, Mono<rr. Bats N. Am., p. 64.
Type spi'cieit. — Antrozoux paUidiis (Le Conte).
(irotirnpliic tlittfr Unit ion. — Au.stral /ones from Tc\a.s to the Psicific,
ami from tlic Columbia Kiver to (^iieretaro on tlu' tahlelund of Mexico.
1-1 1-1 1-1 3-3
(Jeticric vharacteist. — Dental formula :
h o.ii 5 <^i 1 1 ; P^h 2.2 ' "'' 3-3
=28:
7
/
'Af
k
\
'k
'^■^^.■".■'.
FiCi. 3 Mnsxl<> of .1 n.'nxroiK I (i/iuf<(jr ( 2).
mnniuue -'; mu//.1e truncate:
nostrils surrounded by a
liorseshoe-sliaped ridge (fig.
3); lower lip free in front.
Rrmarhs. — The genus .4n
troznns differs so widely
from all others twcnrring in
Anieriea that it need.s no
comparison with any ot
these. In niany ways, bow
ever, it reseuil>les Xifrtopli
ihis of the Old World,'
While adult Antrn:oKit in
variably has only two lower
ineisois in eacli mandible,
an immature indiviilnal from
Silver ('ity, N. Mex., has a
third on the right side (tig.
4). Tin* (mter lower incisor
is probably normally pre.sent
in the young, though ver\
early crowded out by the
growth of the others.
()neH])eeiea ami one sub
ap«'('ies are known, both «>!
whieh occur in the Tniteii
States.
Iliili
KKV n» TiiK smsi-KciKs (»r \NTi;i>z()rs.
Foreuriii IS mm. to .">.1 mm. : i-"lor. wliitisli «lral» grtiy paUiiluit (p. i:>
Forearm .">•» mm. ti> «!«' mm. : mlor. jt.Tlc yellowisli, <)ral)-lirown pariJivHM t p. 4.''>
' .S«>i' II. All.ii. Moiio^ir. Itats N. Am. (18!t:{), p. 65.
■m
ANTROZOUS PALLIDUS.
43
ANTUOZOUS PAIJ.IDrS (UCont.^V l'!»l« Rat.
l8o«?. Vetpertilio paUidnn Lo Contu, Proc. Acad. Nat. 8ri. Phila.. VII (l^G^-lS.")) p. 13".
!)<♦>■.'. Antio:niiH paUidna 11. .\llen. Proc. Acacl. Nat. Sci. Pliila.. ]». •1X1.
\H\\. AnlrozouK piiUidua II. Alleu, Mouojur. X. Am. Hats, p. (X (part).
\^~s. .introcona pallidus Dtibson, t'atiil. Cbimptera Brit. Miis.. i>. 171 (jtart).
!«•:>. .hilto:oim palUdua 11. AUon, M<)n<)j;r. Hats N. Am., p. tk! (part).
;lie Pacific,
. of Mexico.
«.,3 3-28:
le truiifate:
nuled by a
I ridge (fig.
i ill front.
\}, giMins .1m
so widelj-
Dccurring in
t needs no
itli any of
ways, liow
les y»/«'/o/»/»
(I World.'
titrnzoKH in
y two lower
mandible,
ivitlnal from
Mex., bas :i
;iit side (fiji.
ower incisoi
lally present
lioiijih ver\
out by tlif
liers.
11(1 one snb
\vn, both o!
tlie rnite<l
jtaUidim (p. i:?
p<irijii'»ii i !»• •*•"• ■
Tifpe loeaVitii. — El Paso, Texas. (Type Xo. r»K57, V. S. National
.Mu.M'uin.)
(hoijraphh- tliHirUmtion. — Lower Anstral zone tlironj>liont the desert-
region of eastern California, Nevada, Arizona, Ntnv Mexico, and western
Texas.
tieiieral vharavtcra. — Size large (average length of ftneai in about />()
mm.) : ears large, reaching 20 nun. l)eyond tip of no.se when laid forward ;
color very i)ale drab-gray.
F.atK. — The ears (PI. I, fig. 10) are larger than in any other North
American VfupniUiouUhv except the species of
I'Irrotina: Laid forward they extend about20mni.
Im-voikI the tip of the nose. The anterior liases are
raiher clctse together, but separate. In form the
«';ir is so simple as to call for no very detailed
•h-scription. Anterior border strongly (jonvcx im-
mcdiittely above well-marked anterior lobe, then
almost straight to luirrowly ronnded-otV tip. Pos-
terior border slightly concave immediately below
tip. then gently convex to base. Posterior ba.sal
lube very slightly developed. A transverse ridge
I mm. ill length extends obliquely upwai<l and for-
ward from near posterior ba.se of tragus.
Tragus long, sti'aight, and slender. Anterior
hordiT nearly straight to narrow tip. Posterior
Iwuder at first almost i>arallel with anterior bor-
der, then slightly convex to notch above well dev(
Whole posterior margin of tragus faintly crenulate.
Mitiilinnirs. — The membranes are tlii«?k and leathery, much more so
than in any of the North Amcriciin Vrnin'itiliouimr which approach this
si»ecies in size. Wing membranes uttached at biise of toes; interfemoral
iiu'iiibrane at base of terminal caudal vertebra, l-'ree Ixn-der of inter-
fciiioral membrane considerably longer than calcar.
furf. — The feet are broad and strong, about half as long as tibia.
TiM's armed with large claws and sprinkle<l with a few short hairs «ni
ditrsum of phalanges.
Fur <r»</ rotor. — The fur is spar.se and short, that on middle of back
only alwmt 8 mm. in length. It is closely confined to the body, and
extends oil ears and membranes in a narrow border along extreme
base ouly.
Km. 4. — AliiiKniiiil fniiifc
ll'I'llllll .1 lllllKlllisplll-
iiicisiirs oil rii;lit sidr.
No. 0(11 in I'liim Silvrr
City, X. Mr\.( 111).
ped basal l(d>e.
f'T
44
NORTH AMERICAN FAINA.
Oil the back the fur is pale drab gray, most of the hairs with fiuiitly
dusky tips, lielly grayish white, tinged with drab on sides.
»SAm//. — The skull of typical AntrozouHpallUlus (tig.."») varies in greatest
length from 18 nun. to 1*0 mm., and in zygomatic breadth from 11 mm. to
12..'» mm. IJrain case, rostrum, and palate broad. Length of bony
palato behin<l niolars (exclusive of me<lian spine) usually less than
width at base of median spine.
Tet'th. — The teeth (fig. <Mr) are large and strong. Upper i>renmlav
transversely long and narrow. First lower jtremolar sm<ill and closely
wedged between canine and second premolar.
McHHurcmcntH. — See table, page 46.
Fio. r>.— Skulls of (n) Autrmmtii pallidti* snA (6> Antrozoui imUidut pariSeu* {'•' ^).
Sperimnts vxamhml. — Total number, 04, from the following localities:
Ari/ona: Month of (Jnlorado Kiver, 1; Yuma, Ti.
{'iililoriiia: <>I<1 I'ort Yiiiiiii, 1; Owens Vallfv, 2; I'aiiamiiit Vallty. I; Walkci
r.aHiii. L'.
Nevada: Ajnarj^osii Pcscrt, 1; Tiiiipaliiite Moniit.iius, 2.
NfW Mt'xiro: Hilvcr City, I (skins^.
Texas: Coiimtock, (>; l)»!vil8 River, X; E! I'.iso, 1 (skin, type); Fort liaiirtick.
20 {'.\ skius); Painted Cave, 3; I'aisano. 1 : S.vcaniore Crook, (i.
iietural remarks. — In the original description of AntrozouH pallidiis
the animal is said to be a native of California, but both IJaird ' iiml
Harrison Allen - have shown that the type specimen came from VA I'aso.
' IJojit. Mpx. I?<»iuid. Snrv.. II. p. .-., 1><SQ,
»Mono>>r. N. Ant. Hats, p. tB>. mn.
ANTKOZOUS I'AI.LIDUS PACIFICIJS.
45
Tort HsmrocU.
Texas. The type, now in the United Stsites National Must'inii, is in j^ooU
preservatiou and fleaiiy referable to the Kastern loi iii.
Tyjiical Antro::nit>< pallhlits is readily distiiijinishable iVom .1. y>.
pavificm by its smaller size, i>aler eolor, shorter, broader .skull, and
narrower upper premolar.
ANTU()ZOi:s I'AI.LIIMS I'MMFHTS Mtniaiii.
l8tM. .lulVi):oui> imUidim H. Alltii, Moiiofii. N. Am. IJals, \\. (iS (piiit).
ISTS. Anlio:i>iiH imUUUm Dolisoii. (at.il. ('liinij»ifr.i ISrit. .Miis., ji. 171 (|t.irl).
l.s<i;i. Aiilriitoiia paU'uliix H. AUfii. Mdimnr. ISats. X. Am., p. 0'! (partj.
1S97. Anlrozotin puUiiliti ^)((c(//fi(» Mi-rriam, I'roc. lliol. .Soc. Wasliinjjlim, Xl, |i. ISO,
July 1. IXiil-
Tfipe localUif. — Old Fort Tejoii, Canada de las Uvas, (Jalilornia.
(ieotiraphiv (UsfrihutioH. — Austral zones in the United States west of
the iioeky Mountains, south to Lower (Jalitbrnia and (^Jueretaro.
(Scnri-id clinrarters. — Slijjhtly larjjer than typical Antrozitiis pallidus
(total k ^th about lliO mm., averajjo length of forearm about 34 mm.);
color, yedowish drab brown.
K<irs, mcnibrinit:s, ami <li,strilmfioit of
I'm: — Essentially as in typical pnUitlHs.
Cohn: — Color uniroriuyelh)wisli drab
throu.yhout to base of Iniirs; under
parts clear ami unmixed with darker;
hiick stronjily but irregularly shaded
by the du.sky tii»s of the hairs.
Shiill. — The. skull of .1h/»v>.co»/} palli-
ihis pt((i(ivi(s(i\<£. r» h) varies in greatest
Ien,i>th from L'O mm. to 22 mm., and iu
zy.uo»iatic breadth from lo mm. to 14
mm. lU'ain ease, rostrum, and bony
palate considerably narrower tluin in
typical jmlUtliis. Supraoeeipital region
more pointed ai.d overhanging than in typical paUidun. Length of bony
pidate behind molars (exclusive of median spine) usually equal to or
greater than width at base of median s|)ine.
Tcitli. — Teeth (lig. (J />) essentially as in trua pallitlKs exce|>t that all
aie larger and the upper premolar is eonspieuously broader and shorter.
Mnisiirenwiits. — See table, page K!.
Spcviiiu'im cva mined. — Total number, .V.), from the Ibllowing localities:
('alifoinia: Alhiiiubra. 1; Hi-ar Valley, S; lieikclt'y. 1; Diil/.iira, (!; Fort
Crook, 1 ; Fresno,;}; Old Fort Ti'.joii, t>; I'oso '"reck, 1 (skin) ; Santa Marbaia,
l{; Saiiti Ysalx-l, t (Swkins); Witch Creok, 2.
'jower (.'alifoinia: Cape St. Lmas, 3; Coniondii. "Mskiu.s); San Fernando, 5
(Miller <'oll.).
Ort'^on: Fort Dalles, I (skiu); Twelve Mile Creek, 1.
Vueretaro: .lalpan, 7.
Utah: St. TliumaH, 1.
Fio. 6. — Te«th of (a) AntrozovH pallidui and
(/<) Aiitiozium inilUitiiH jiiieiiiviis ( 5).
4(J NOKTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
(h'neral irmnrlxH. — Antrozoux pdUitius iKiciJicuH uvmIh no coiiipiirisou
with typical paUUhiH t'lu-thei* fliaii tliiit already ;{iveii iiiidur the latter.
Average meamn-emeiitH oj' aahniiecieH ot' .Introzoua pullulna.
Siilm]Ht<'ii'H.
pallidum
Locnlity.
pacijiciii ...
- «
'a'
o '5
1"
499
499
69 9
699
a : i
. 2(1. 5 10
1
dak,
10544.2 21 jtO
115 46 20 10
1UU44.0 2U. 6 10
;49
,40
51
» I
8.5
H.O
,:: bci
? i H
H5,2a
Ho:io
18.4 11.6
•20 1 14
H8i:8.5l8.61U
114 47. 8 22. 6 10. 8 54. .I 0.4
51..') 0..1,
53.5 9. .5!
55 9
50 10
»:t;io
04' .
19 U
9130 10 13
I «„l
Texas : Kl I'liso
(jiiiiistook
Kort llanctiik
S.vciiiiiiiK' CrenU
(^iit'i'i'tuiK: fliil|iitil
Caliroruiii: Suiitii YHabol 4cf>^ 22 II
Diil/.iini 49 9! 118 46. 722.2 11
((npm: Koil DalliH 1 ! 21 II
T wtilvu M llti Crick 1 ? 20 12
I I J .1
' Tyii«.
Subfamily PLECOTIN^E.
This 8ubtaiiiily is lepreseiite^l in North Aineri(!a by two genera, Cory-
norltiiiufi and Einlcrnui which may be recognized among the other
Van [K-rti lion iihv of the region by their huge ears, Joined together at^'oss
the forehead. None of the North Amer' 'nu VesitertUioninw show this
peculiarity.
Genus EUDERMA H. Allen.
18t»l. Ilistiolim.]. A. .Mloii, Itiill. Am. .Mim. Nut. Ili.st., N. Y., Ill, p. IJir. (not (Jerv;ii8
ISu.")).
1892. A'HdrnMrt II. Allen, Proc. Aca.l. Nat. .Sti. riiila., ISUl, ji. Jti7, Jan. 12, IS'Jl'.
18i>3. Eiidvimn II. .Mien. Monogr. IJats N. Am., p. (!().
Tjiiw sperli . — Eudvrma mav til at it in (J. A. Allen).
G(0(j)'<(j)liic (liNtribiition. — The genus Emlirma is at ijresent known
from one specimen taken in Ventura County, (!aliforuia.
(lenericrharHcUrs. — Dental foniiula: /, H !t; '', - ;/>»', [^ ^ ; «», .. ..='*^"
«>-0 1-1. .i-w O-O
I'^ars (PI. 1, lig. 11) even larger than in C'on/MO/7i/«»/<, Joined together
across forehead and with posterior base of tragus united with external
basal lobe. Face without evident glandular swellings.
liemarkn. — The genus Eiulerma resembles (Jorynorhhim more closely
than any other American bat, but ditfers in the presence of two less
premolars, in the simple nostrils, and in the more complicated structure
of the ear. Only one species is known.
EUDEKMA MACULATUM (J. A. Allen).
1891. Histiotus maoulafun J. A. Allen, Mull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Ill, p. 195, February
20, 1S91.
1893. Eudenna maculala II. Allen, Mono<j;r. Uat.s X. Am., jt. 61.
eudj:rm.\ maculatum.
47
V28 18.4 11.0
lit known
>, Fobruiiry
Ti/inf limalitif.—NQiii' l*iru, Ventura County, Calitornia (probably at
mouth of (Jastai; Creek'). Type iu American Museum of Natural His
t()iy(No. }!;r;','.) iSkuU now lost.
(fcnjiraphiv dintribution. — Eadcnna mnculatum is known from the type
lociility only.
Ocnrriil characters. — Size Largo; cars about three I'ourths as Ion jj as
torcarm; color blackish blotched witii white.
IJars. — Kars very large (PI. I, (Ig. 11), fully three fourths as long
as IbreariJi, joiiu'd togc^ther across forehead by a low band of mem-
bnine; anterior basal lobe continuous with keel which extends upward
trom anterior base of tragus and fades into substance of ear at about
tcruiiual part of lower fourth, bey<»nd which it continues to tip as a
wcU-delined line; anterior border of ear nearly straight through lower
liall", then gently '-on vex to broadly rounded off tij); posterior border
slightly coifcavo in. mediately below tij), then convex to base; posterior
hasiil lobe joined to base of tragus by a low band, below which a distinct
IHK'kct is formed; back of this band a conspictums ridge extending
inward toward meatus; ear membrane nnirked by about fifteen trans-
verse ridges; anterior margin of ear sprinkled with whitish hairs.
Tragus nearly straight on anterior border, convex on posterior border
excci>t at i»osterior base, where it is straight for a distance of 2 nun. (the
resulting form strongly suggests a table knife with short blade).
Mcnihrancs. — The membranes are broad and ample, the wing mem-
brane (li. Ill, fig. 3) attached at base of toes, the interfemoral mem-
biane at base of terminal caudal vertebra. Free border of interfemoral
incmbraue apparently longer than calcar.
Feet. — The feet are moderately large, a little less than half as long
as tibia. Toes s^iarsely sprinkled with short bristly hairs on dorsal
surface and armed with strouij claws. Calcar indistinct in the dried
skill, but appareutly short and without keel or terminal lobule.
Fur and color. — The fur is full and soft, about 12 mm. in length on
middle of back. It extends on extreme base of ear, and on membranes
forms a very narrow border close to body.
I'.ack very dark sepia, almost black; occiput and fore part of neck
distinctly less dark; hairs on sides and on middle of back faintly annu-
liited with gray near tips: patch at base <>f tail and on each shoulder
pure white; whole ventral surface of body white, the blackish bases of
t lie hairs showing through irregularly; fur everywhere blackish at
base; ears and membranes light brown.
tShull and teeth. — As the skull of Fiiderma macHlatiim is lost, I quote
the descriptions published by Dr. J. A. Allen and Dr. Harrison Allen.
Tlie former writes:
Skull and deN/t/ton.— Basilar length, 16.5 mm. (0.65 in.); total length, 19 mm. (0.75
ill.); zygomatic width, 10.9 mm. (0.43 in.); height, 7.6 mm. (0.30 in.); luugth of
'This information \va.s given to mvmbeis of a Biologioul Survey iiarty by the col-
lector of thu type specimeu.
48
NOHIH AMERICAN FAUNA.
loworjiiw, 12.7 iiiiii. (O.no in.); iH-inht at coiulylis 'A.'A inii. (O.l.'l in.); liiMfjiit iiti-oru-
iioitl |»rocesn, It.x nun. (0.15 in.); length of uppt-r lootli row, (!.S(i nun. H).'J~ in.);
length of lowor tooth row, 7.0 mm. (0.:«) In.).
"'-'J l-l 1-1 .1-:? II
Dentiil formnlii: inrisors, " ; caninoH, j , ; pnimolarn, ., .,; m.>I:irs, ...^ _ ^^ — 32.
The sknJl is tliiti and papery, lieinjj cviilently that of a yoiiiiK animal Thf facial
portion \h narrow and pointed; the brain law! \h i|midrat*', Hat tent'd above, bntrlMi-H
iibi'uptiy at the frontal lionh-r, the forehead bein;^ Hnddenly dejires.sed.
The lower border of the zyj^omatie arch is cnrved npward; the n))i»er border in
greatly expanded vertically, the npper border of the nnilar formiuK a hiijh aiij;nlar
lUovettH at the nnddle id' arch ; the jtygomatlc jtroces)* of the Hi|namosal is sliort, an<l,
with the malar, ]iasse,s forward in a line nearly parallel with the axiH of tint sknll,
with only a very slight outward curvature. The tympanic bnlhc are enormoUHly
expanded, havin<{ an antero-posterior length of TlKI mm. (O.H:! in.), and a transverHe
breadth of .3.11 nnn. (0.18 in.), their length fully ei|naling one-third of the length of
the skull. In other respects llie \entral aspe<;t of theHkull )iresentHnothing]iecidiar.
The lower Jaw is narrow, the coronoid proceHS snndl, rising but little above thceon-
«lyle; the angle is well develoi>ed.
The dentition is weak, the incisors and canines being very small, relatively to the
molar series. The outer up]icr incisor is about one-half the si/e of the inner; both
have a small outer eusii at the Itase. The n|)per canine Ih about eipnil in si/e to the
anterior half of the upper prenudar. The nH)lars present nothing distinctive. The
lower iiu'isors iwr slightly double-notched (trifnl); the lower canines are very small;
the first premolar is about half tin; si/c of the second.
In liis mifiiiial viccouiit of tlie genus hhuU-riiut, Dr. llHi'i'i.son Allen
«le.S(;ribe.s the ski'll iind teeth as follows:
Skull, — liriiiu-case low, ([uadrate, the height one-half the bimastoid diameter.
The metencephaion us long as mesencephalon ami iiro-encephalon. .Sagittal crest
rudimentary, does not extend lieyond a line answering to the middh; 4)f the zygonui —
the remaining portions of the i>o<terior tempor^il crest wiilely t-eparated — the ante-
rior not defined. Dorsum of face-vertex with a shallow concavity which is not
sharply dclincd; orbit with intlated inner wall and rugose elevated upper border;
lachrymal tubercle marked. Jufra-orbital canal short; the foramen on line with
interval between second ]>remolar and first molar. Ijint^ of \\w upper margin of tiie
anterior nasal aperture if produced would intersect the second premolar; tympanic
bone apparently incoini>'eto above.
The paroceipital process bold, trenchant; sterno-mastoid impression deeply con-
cave; nnistoitl composed entirely of the squamosal eh-nient. Zygonui <)uite as in
Voi'jiiKirliiniis — the sijuaniosal pait twice as wide as maxillary; splienopalatiiu; fora-
men i>resent, of large 8i.';e. <)e<'ipital crest trenchant. Tyni|)anie bone greatly
iidlated, ei|uals one-third the length of the skuil, not touching basi-oceipital, or
basi-spheneid; exiavato antorioily. It extends to Ji line which answers to the
ndddle of the glenoid cavity. The mesopterygoid fossa as long as one-third the
distance from tiie posterior palatal border to the incisors. The sphenoidal foramc])
is at the bottom of a deep recess. The coronoid process is round, snuiU, raised
scarcely one-third the height of the ascending ranuis ; lower border of the horizontal
ramus near the angle slightly concave. The angle is raised from the plane on which
the mandible rests * * *
Uppir teeth. — Incisors eoutiguous, slightly inclined toward the median line, but
the lateral tooth separated from th*« canine by a moderate interval. Central iucisor
cuspidate, with a small cuspule projected midway on the posterior surface ; a distinct
cuspulo also arises from the cingulum posteriorly. Lateral incisor one half the size
of the central, and cnsiddate, with a small cnspule arising from the cingulum on
the anterior and a second on the posterior portion. Canine not larger than the
CORYNORHINU8.
49
srcoiiil )>r«iii<>lar, tbu bnct^nl Hiirt'ace in ubruptly convex. Tlit* ilrat premolar is Hinall,
not wetl^uil in, witli uuniplute cinffuluni. The Hpate liotwcen it and canine niirrowitr
tliiiii tliat between it und Hecond premubir. The Beooud premolar aa Umg us tlie
I aiiine and nlij^btly tinted. Mulurh iih in Ctirnnorhinui,
l.uirir teeth. — InciHors t-r wdrd, trii'.d, i. u., the main cnHp posHewteii a well-devel-
iijii'd *;us|iiilo on each Hii jf the bane, the ciiignlnni on the poitterior Hide being
\.\mr. The lirtit und Be<'ond teeth ovcrbi]) for u diHtauce wiualing one-halt' of their
(llaiiM'terH. The third incisor rctaiiiH a poHtcrior cnspule which itt larger than the
iiitt rior and Hcparated from the main cuHp by a wide interval. The canine \h Hrnall
:inil projects bnt a Hiight degree above the incisors. It exhibits a luarki-d cnHpnIe
on tlic lingnlnm anteriorly.
MitimirementH (from skin). — Total len^^tli, 110; tail vertebra', 50;
tibia, lil; foot,!); forearm, 50; thumb, 0.8; lon^^est linger, 91 ; ear from
nieatiis, 31; width of ear, 22; tragim, 13; greatest width of traguM, 5.
Sptcimeim examined. — One, the type (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Now York).
(Snicral ntnarks. —Euderma muculatum differs so widely from all
ntlicr known bats that no comparison with any is iie<:eHsary. Its ]>ecul-
iiir color at first suggests albinism, but since the fur is everywhere dark
iit base, even in the white areas, the pattern is probably normal. It is
iiseles.s to hazard any conjecture as to its probable geographic range
or exact fauiial position.
Tiie following note- on this bat is kindly furnished by Dr. C Hart
Merriam:
Tlie type of this remarkable genus and specii^s, recently described by Dr. J. A.
Allen, is believed to have been obtained at the month of Castac Creek in the Santa
Clara Valley, near San Fernando, Cal. The type specimen remains the only one thus
lar collected, bnt the H]>ecies probably ranges over much of the Lower Sonoran
Di'surt region in summer. While in Vegas Valley, N«>v., I was told by the Stuarts,
tliu owners of Vegas Ranch, that a very large bat " with cars like a jackass and a
white iitripe on each shoulder" is abundant at that place in the summer, but does not
occur in spring or fall. They stated that it had not yet arrived at the date of our
visit, May 1, 1891.
Genus CORYNORHINUS H. Allen.
I8;{1. I'livi'fim Le Conte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal Kingdom, I, Ap]H3ndix. p. 431
(not I'licotuH (ie4irtroy 1818).
IH6I. Siinoliis H. Allen, Mouogr. N. Am. Hats, p. 62 (not Synotui Keyserliug &, lilusius
183!)).
Isti5. Cory iiorliiu lit H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., I'liila., p. 173.
1S78. I'lcrotiiH Dobson, ('atal.Chiroptera IJrit. Mun., ji. 177 (part).
l<S<Kt. CorynorhinuH II. Allen, Mouogr. Hats N. Am., p. 53.
Tjiiw xpecies. — Coryiiorhinus macrotis (Le CJonte).
Oeoiiraphiv distribution. — Austral zones throughoutthe United States,
and iu Mexico south at least to Vera Cruz. Limits of range impi*r
Icctly known.
(icneric characters. — Dental formula:
2-2 1-1
2-2
3-^
'•'m' ^'"':^'''^'3-r
36.
*'3-3'
Skull ( Hg. 8, p. 52) .slender and highly arched, the rostral portion relatively
siuallcr and weaker than in any other North American genus of the
2772— No. 13 4
I;' , !]
50
NORTH AMERICAN TAUNA.
Ii:'||'
family (with tlie posHiblu uxcuptioii of hJuderma, the oitly known Hkull
of wliich iH now lost). ICiirH very lon^, (PI. I, iig. 0), Joined to(;utiier
aero88 foirliitsid, an<l with traguH fruc, froui cxtunml buHallobe. Itvgion
bctwciMi oyu and nostril occnpii'd by a prominent thickened ridge wliich
terminates in a conspiuuouH tOub-Hhaited enlargement (fig. 7). First
phalanx of third linger shorter than second (IM. Ill, tig. 2).
(ieneml ramarkH. — VorynorhinuH ditfers widely from the other known
American genera of Vespertilionuhv, bnt somewhat eh)sely resembles
the Old World I'levutus. From the latter it is separated by its dili'er-
Fio. 7.— Muzzles of (a) Pleentun nn(\ (h) Cnrynorhitws (y2).
ently formed nostrils, conspicmmsly glandular mn/xle, and differently
proportioned lingers (Iig. 7, and PI. Ill, tigs. 1 and 2). The genus is
represented by one species which may be divided into three subspecies,
differing from each other <!hietly in color. All of these occur in the
United States. The niaterial by which this genus is now represented
iu collections is very unsatisfactory.
kKi to thk si;!;.spE(jrES ok corynorhinus.
F»r everywhere distinctly bicolor mavroth (p. 51)
Fur not ilistinrtly bifolor.
Color yellowish gray pallencens (p. .52)
Color blackish brown town^endii (p. 53)
(M)IJYNOICHINU8 MACROTIS.
51
ir
■Otis (p. r>i)
i'OI.'VNnlflllNI'M MA(;Ko'ns (I-.) ('onto). lliKouriMl Hut.
is;il. I'liioiuH iiiitiiiiliM l.o (joiito, MrMiirlriii's Ciivior, Aiiiiiiul Kingdom, I, Apitmilix,
\n:\'. I'leiutuH lironlii Coiipt'i-, Ann. Lye. Nut. MM,. N. Y., IV, p. TJ. (Niinm iinipom'd
iiH !4iiliMt itiit*' for itnnroliii.)
iNil, Sniiolim iiiiirrDliH II. Allei:, .Moiio^r. N. Am. KatN, p. *kt.
|S)i.*>. t'itrifHorliiHUH mairotiii II. Allt>n, Proc. A<-ik<I. Nut. S<!i. riiiiii., p. ITU.
\s'Xi, Cin'iiiiiirliittHH mairuliH II. Alltm, Muiio^^r. BatH N. .\in., |>. .*)"».
/'///»* loniliti/. — (H'oiKiii(.s«'o l'r<M!. Acad. Nut. Sci. IMiila., l.sr>r», |i. l.'U),
|ir(ii):il)l,v iH'iii- tlu> Lo Coiitu ritiutatioii, 'i inilo.s south of l{ici>boi-o.
(Initiraithic iliMtribution. — Lower Austral zone in the eusturii IJiiittid
State.s.
(iinrnil vhnrdclerH. — Si/e larye (tbretirni 41 nini. to 42 uiui., car about
\\'1)\ \'\w evtMy where distiiietly bieoh>r; general eoh>r yeUowish bruwii.
Kars. — The ears «»f typieal ('ori/norkiniiH uiairotiH <lo not appreciably
(lill'er from tiiose of the other subspecies. They are so dilVerent froui
tlidsc of all other North American batH as scarcely to require detailed
tlfscriptioii. Tiiey may be ir.staiitly recojfni/.ed by their length, much
iiioie than half that of forearm, and by the form of the tragus. This
IS siinplc, with a large basal lobe, and wholly free from the auricle. In
HiKleiiiia iiniriihidnn, the only other North American bat with ears
apprMacliing thost^ of Corifnorhiutm in si/e, the tragus is joined to tlie
external basal lobe.
Mniihraiini, — The membranes are broad an<l ample. In texture they
arc remarkably thin and delicate lor so large a bat. Wings (IM. ill,
li}i. -) attached at side of metatarsus Just beh>w base of toes, llro-
pataginm extemling to cxti-eme tip of tail.
I'Wt. — Tlu! feet are slender, less than half as long as tibia-, and armed
with strong claws. Calcar a little shorter than tibia, and about e(|ual
t(i free bonier of interfemoral mcMubrane. it is without vestige of keel
(Ml posterior border. The termination is obscure and without lobule.
I'.ack of toes sprinkled with long bristly hairs.
/•'«/• ami color. — The fur is soft an«l silky, that <»n middle of back
averaging about 12 mm. in length. In distribution it shows no striking
peculiarities. It extends a short distance on the dorsal base of the ear,
Itiit scarcely reaches the wings or interfeuioral nuunbrane.
Hack uniform yellowish brown, nuu:li as in Myotitt InciftnfUK; the
hairs everywhere sepia through a little more than the basal half and
witli very indistinctly pale tips. Belly giayish white; throat aud chest
darker and more tinged with yellowish. Throughout the ventral sur-
lace the fur is very sharjdy bicolor, the dark bases of the hairs consider-
ably darker than on the back. The light tips are too short wholly to
conceal the dark under fur. Ears an<l membranes light brown.
skull and teeth. — The skull (fig. 8) aud teeth (tig. 9) have been suffl-
tiently described under generic characters. An adult skull from
llounui, La, ( 9 No. 4r).S94, United States National Museum, Biological
Survey collection), measures: Greatest length, 16; zygomatic breadth,
52
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
I'
iJE'
i!r
•J; brc^ulth of io8tru;:« at jM>steri<n- border of large preiiiohir, r> ; iiiuii-
dibU', 10/»; iip^iier Umth row (exclusive of :«u'isor.s), "».li; lower ttMitli
row, <».8.
MtasurtiHcut^. — See table, page 54.
SptTcmens cjamiiitt!. — Total iminbcr, 9,
from the tbllowiiig lo<;alities:
Alalmiiia: (>r<!«ii8iior<>, I (nkin, Mi-rriaiii coll.).
Kuiitiiiky: Itowliiijr (ircL-ii, I.
LuiiiHiitiiit: lloniiiit, i (HkiiiN).
MisHiHHi|t]ii : Kiiy St. LmiiH, 1.
S«)iitli Carolina: IIurilicvi!l(<, 1 (Hkiii. .Millor
coll. J.
Vir^iiiiii; iJiMiiial >S\vaiii|i. I (Hkiii).
(ienvral rniutrkK. — Ty piiral CorifHorhin hh
nuufolin, like tbc westt-iii siibaperie.s, isdis-
tiiigtiisliable at a glance from all other North
Aiuericait bats by its generic chara<;ters.
Among the forms of Corynoriiinux it may bo
di.stiiigiii.shcd by its coiispiiMiously bicolored
fur. Tltr> limits of this animal's range are
not well understood, but it is ])robably a
characteristic speiies of the Austroriparian
fauna.
COKYNORIIINIIS MACkOTIS I'ALLESCENS
HIlltK]). IIOV,
IW>4. SjiiioluM loirnx'-Hili II. .Miiru, Moiiojrr. N. Am.
ItatM, i>. I>.'>(uut I'ltruluH toiruMvnili i'()n\tnr, IKil),
IXJKi. t'orifiiorhiiiux lowimeniU II. All<ii, Moiio^r. Itatu N. Am., ji. 5H.
Tyite from Keuin Cafiuii, Nuvitjo County, .\ri/.oiia. Adult 9 (Hk.-Ti), No. •►.WIM, I'. .S.
National Muhviuii ( itiolti^rical Siirvoy rollectiou). Collect<Ml AugiiBt3, IH'M.
by Dr. A. K. FiNhor. CoIluctor'H No., 1715.
Gf'Ojfraph »<• dixtril/HtioH. — Probably through
o'ltthe Austnil /.ones from California, Colorado,
and western Texas to southern Mexico.
(jtiitrul charavUrs. — Similar to typical ma-
irotMf but much paler in color; fur nowhere
distinctly bicolor.
Vvlnr. — Ilju'k yellowi.sh drab gray, becoming
pater ab<mt head, the hairs with faintly detined
light plumbeous bases and faintly darker tips.
lielly dlightly paler than back, but hairs with
out distinctly lighter tips and with darker
basal area so ill detiuetl as to be scarcely visible.
light brown.
MeasurcmentM. — See table, page 64.
Specimen* txamiHctl. — Total uuudK'r, itO, from the following liH'alities:
Arixuiia: Fort iliiacliiica, 2; Ki-aiii C'iiiyon, I (Hkiii).
California: Dul/ura, 1; Uwuiui Lake, 1; OweUH Valloy, 1.
Flci. 8 Skulls of (a) VunmnrhinuM
lowntmdii aiid (b) ''. inacrotit ( ■ 'i).
Fui. 9.— Ti"«itli of (a) i'oiijniiiiii
mix luiiiinnilii HUi\ (h) C.ina
riotin ( • r>).
Ears au<l ntembranes
CORYNORHINUS MACUOTIR TOWNSENDII.
53
Colorado: Lariiiinr Comity, 1 (Hkiii, Millar ci>U.)>
Guaniijiiuto: Suntn liosa, 17.
Mic-houciin: rut/ciiaro, 1.
Oaxacu: Oaxuca, 1.
San LniH I'otoHi : Ilacieiula La I'arada, 1.
Texan: KaHt ]'aiiit<Ml ('av«, 1.
rtah: I.
Xi'Tii Vnv/.i .lico, 1.
(ieiwral remarhs, — (Jori/nnrhinvs marrofis pfiHrttrcnfi diffei ^ from true
morroHs in its inncli ])al4>r, more iiniforin <u»lorati<>ii. vVliilo this form
is repr('s<Mit(><l in t\\v, Natioiiul Museum by niimerouH .speciinens in alco-
hiil, tlie siM'ics of HkinH is very incomplete. Hntil tliia H«>ri«'M can be
yrcjUly in<Mcrtscd the limits of distribution of tlie subs;»»'cies must
remain pnicly a matter of ronjecture.
The diflerences in form of the inner upper incisor which have been
suppn.«ed to «li,stin<;uish this race from tru«^ macrottK^ api '~!ir to be
incnnstiint. \>'liile the few specimens of typical uincmtis that I have
seen have this tooth without exception bicuspidate, western spei-imens
vary <;;reatly. In a series from
Sanf.i Ikosa, (iuanajuato, both ex-
tremes are repr«>sented, while sev-
eral Hpecimens are with ditliculty
referred to one or the other
ifi«. 10).
This is the bai, fo which Dr.
Harrison Allen has a])plie<l the
name tointsemli. Trui'^ totrnsemli, however, the type of which carnc
Iron the (/olund>ia Uiver. is the «lark northwest coast form.
Fio. 10. — Ij«ff, nppnr Inrlsors of <'iirttni>rhiniiii inn-
rnidt jialU'temii fr nil Saiitii IIohii, Uuuui^jiiiihi,
Mexico.
CoUYNnKIIINl'S MACKOTIS TOWNSKNDM (Coopor).
\s'M. I'hrotiis toirnnniiUi iUutpor, Ann. liV';. Nat. Hist., N. Y., IV, ji. T.i. (Coliiinliia
K'iver.)
\>*1X. I'heolux mrtcrotiH DoliBon, ("atal. (iiiiojitora Hiit. Mum., ji. 1h(( (not ririotun
iHiirroliH lie Coiitc, ISiU).
Tifpe lonilitii. — (Jolumbia Kiver, Oregon.
ttvo'imithir tiistrihi'tioH. — Mumid (M»ast district of Oregon, VV^ashinji-
toii, a«id sonthern ilritish ('obnnbia.
ihunutl t'ltarnvterx. — Himilar t4) typical nuurotin, but nuu^h darker; fur
nowhere distinctly bicohu'.
Color. — r.aek uniform dark brown, the hairs indistincrtly lifnt plum-
Immmis at base, and very faintly tipped witli yellowish, i-e'iydark
Im'owii, the hairs li{;ht pluuibeims at base. Kars and niendu'aiu>!S
Ithu-kisli.
Mrnsurementx, — See table, pafje 54.
SfHvimeufi rriimiiieil. — Total i; umber, .*h from the followinj; localities:
llritiHli Coliunliia: Coniox, 1 (Hl<in).
Orcijiir. : Croiiwoll, 1; (}ol«l Hi-arli, 1,
'ir. Allin, Monour. HatH N. Am., p. 5K, ISjIS.
B* '
54
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
i^
mi
|3J '^
u
plf,
General renutrkM. — Corynorhiniis marrotiit toinixcmlii is the dark north-
west coast representative of the species. In coloration it bears a close
resemblance to the other bats peculiar to the same re<;ion. It is so
different in {general ap^iettrance from macrotis and imUexctnx that it
needs no special comparison with them. More material is necessary
before the exiict relationsliip of this form to the others can 1>e determined.
While this is the true tmrnseiuVn of Cooper, it is not tlie ba*^ to which
Harrison Allen has applied the name. The latter is ( . hiarmtix juil-
lenceng. It was on a 8i>ecimen of this form from Vancouver Island tliat
Dobson based his description of ' PlevotuH^ iitacrotis in the Catalogue of
Chiroptera in the British Museum.
Arrragv me*t»Hrementii of xuhaptcitH of fortftiurhhiiiy.
SullitpM'it^Ji.
l.<M'alitv.
H : r-
maerotU .
paHfurrn* .
.21
Smith Carolina : Hanipevilli> 1 I9 I ! ■■
Kentucky: Bowliii-; I irct'ii 1 V 105 52
lA>ni8i:iiia: Hoiiniii 499 KMt 48.521.5
Ari7.oiia : Kraiii C;inyoii
Fort Hiiurliiira
u — -
41 7.4
43.4' 7
19'
1115
9.1
41)
45
9.4 41.,-. T.5
211. fi !).t>42 fi 6
lit fi
T.1I
77 :e 23
T;i 32 . .
7fi ,..
L.I.
14
7I3.T4 2I.4 14.6
toirnnrmlii .
Colonuln: (.iirimer )'<>uiity ! 19 Jl.O 9. (144 7
Texaa: K;i8t rainto<l Cave 1,^
< t iianajuatn : Snnta Koaa in
KritUli Cnliiii lii.i : ('>.iuos 1 ,^
On-i!oii : tliilil I'M-ai'li 19
Creawrll 19
I
SM) 4r> 21 9.041 .■>
99.:t4«. 1 20 9 41.9 B.6
21.4 10 42 6.B
10.-. .Il 22 9.4 44 7
I
73 :U 2" 14.6
77:B.»a7l2.7
7« ... ....'...
»>:0 24 ir.
I
I'l^r'f'i"
' ryi^-.
Subfamily VESPERTI LION I N^E.
This subfamily contains the great majority of North American IV*-
pertiliouiihr. Thos«' <»f its members that occur in the region in «|:ie.s-
Mou may be known by tlieir simple mu/./lcs and nostrils, separate i-ars,
a., le interfemond membranes, and six incisors in the lower Jaw.
KKV TO (JKXKK.V OK VKSI'KKTIMONIX.K (MCIIMMXC IX A.M KIMf A XoKTll .»K
TAX A MA.
I r.atu-<l iin (li-iilul cliariK'ti'rs i>iily.|
ITppoT iiirisors 2.
I'|>|)fr jticniolani 2.
MitiiililMilHr tontli-rnw li.itro th»ii S nun lUttiipUru* y\\. 115)
Mauililtiilar tooth-mw li-ss than 7 mm.
Third lower incisor iniu-h mnnlh-i' tlv.ii Hi>i-onil nr lirst .. i:hiHjei'»»n (p. \'2'2\
TliirtI lower inrJHiir ul>!>iit oiinal to Ni>ron<l or liiNt SjfiticriHK (ji. llSi
Upper pn-molars 4 Lntiurtu (p. 105)
llpi»er incisors 4.
IJpiMT pn-niolan 2 l'e»i>rrtilio (p. !0)
Upper preniolara more than 2.
Upper preinohirx 4.
I.Kiwer premolars I l'ipi»lrtVmt (p. H7>
Lower pn-molars <» l.axionftrieri* (p. >Ot
Up|>er premolars 6 Mi/oiia t p. 55)
MYOT18.
55
1829.
1829.
1839.
1841.
lK>ti
Fin. 11. — Sknllii of (a) Sfiiotit wyntiii, (h) if. th>itanode», and (e)
.W. iiiiirienim ( • '_').
185«;
mu.
Genus MYOTIS Kaup.
ilyotia Kanp, Skizzirte Kntw.-GeHch. n. Natiirl. Syst. <1. Enrop. Tliicrw., I, p.
106. Type I'fsperlilio mHriHus Hchrehtir (not V, muriuus lAnu.).
yt/stactes Kaup, Skizzirte Eutw.-Geach. ii. Natiirl. Syst. <1. Europ. Tbierw., I, p.
108. Type f'espertilio
lechtteinii Leisler.
I'vupertiliu Keyserling •&
Itlii8iiis, Wit'giiiniiira
Aicliiv f. Natiirgest-h.,
r>t«T .laliTg., Bd. 1, p.
;iO»» (not reHperlilio
I.i.'itiii'iiH, 17.">8).
Selyaiiis Hoiiapart«>, Ic<m-
ogratia Fauna Italica,
I, IntrcMlii/ioiie []i. 3].
'I'ypo rpgperlilio mi/ttta-
riHHs Li'JHler.
llrnvhyotHt Kolenati, All-
gein. Dontscli. Natnr-
liist. Zoitg., Dresden,
Neno F«»lgc. II. pp.
131, 171-177. ItaNPd on the 8iM»<ie,s miiftachiiiM, daiibviitonii, and dnHijviieme.
IboIhs Kolcnuti, Allgeni. D«MitHcli. Natnrliist. Z«'it};., llirsden, Nem* Folge, II.
l)p. LSI, 177-179. Inclndi-d the Hp«-<-it'H uattereri iind vmanjiiiatuH.
I'mperlilio II. .\ll<>n. Moniigr. N. .\ni. ItatH. p. 4ti. (Not renperlilio I.inn., H.'iX.)
Jforrft/f* Fitziiig«T, Sitznngslier. Math. -Nat. CI. K. .Vka<l. WIsh.. Wirn, l,.\II,
Alitli. I. ]ip. lL'7-i:<i). IncliKl) il tho
KpericR villiHiiBximHn, rt/fcc*n»»<, anil
tiit/ricaiix,
1X70. ('omanteis Fit/.iiiKei'. Si t/ u iigshiT.
Math.-N.it. (I. K. Akui. Wiss.,
Willi, l..\ll, Alitli. I. J)].. r>«C.-.".79.
(IiirlndiMl raj.iiirrinii, mKintpitiliH',
diiiiivnemv a'lil Uiinio)thilitH.)
1H7H. VeitpertiHo Dolmoi atal. Chiropti-ra
Brit. Mim., p. iVM i not I'egperlUio
Linna'iiH I75S).
IW3, leHpertilio II. Alh'n. Monour. r..ii.s N.
Ani,,|i. 70. (Not I'ltpertilii) Linn..
18.'>8).
Typr sprcu'n. — Mifotis viifoiis (Mot'li-
8t4'iii)= VrMprrtilio vinriniis Sclin'hei"
et A net., HOC LiiiiL
Uvnijraph'u 'nstfihution. — Teinper-
atc and tropical parts of botli Iiniiis
pln'lt'8.
(inuriv characUrH. — Duiitul form-
ulsi :
Kki 12. .Sknlliiof ((I) Jfi/<>/i«ni>/rt>»tn*. (ft) Jf. 2-2 1-1 3-.'? 3-.3
It'nnnrkM. — The North Aiiieru'^ii meiiibors of tlu! jfoiiiiH Mf/«>tis iire all
small, tleltvately foriui-d baUt, which, suiidu from their dental formula,
i*
I
|i*: :
;•> '
i
m
In ft
It ^
56 NOuTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
sharea by no otlier Amei^ean genus of Vespertilionida; arc n^iiually
recognizable by their slender forms, long lails, hairy^aces, narrow cars,
and ta])ering, straight, or recarved tragi. As I have had no oi){)ortu-
nity to study any of the Old World spet-ies except 3/. myotis, I can
make no attempt to define the genus in detail, but the dental formula,
coui)led with the characters of the family, is sufficient to distinguish
the genus among American bats. The species of Myotin differ greatly
among themselves, esiM'cially in size <see tigs. 11 and 12). It may
eventually prove necessary to divide the genus into two or more sub-
genera.
KEY TO NORTH AlIBRICAX FOKMS «IK MYOTIS.
Fre»' bonier of nropatagiiiiii conspiraonslr fringe«l Ihyganothn (p. 80)
Fn;e liordtT of iiropatitginiii mtt conspiciionsly friogetl.
Foronrm luore tlian 40 mm.
Kar when luiil forward extending barrly lieyond nostril relifer (p. 'tfi)
Kar wbun laid forward extending 7 U> 10 mm. beyontl noHtril irotin ( ]>. 77)
Forearm le.s8 than 40 mm.
Kar when laid forward fxtenflins 7 to 10 mm. Iieynml mmtril irotia (]t. 77)
Kar when laid forward extendin-; le^ than (i mm. beyond nostril.
Fur on back not distinctly birolor tiitiricaua (p. 71)
Fnr on bac^k distinctly bicolor.
(iencral color whitish gray.
Foot 8 to 10 mm ifiimanenfiiii (p. fi6)
Foots to 7 mm eiUolahrum (i». 72)
Ciencrnl color never whitish gray.
Forearm 30 to 35 mm.
( 'olor light yellowish gray cali/ortikus ( j». (?!•)
Cobir yellowish brown.
Forearm 31 to 'XX mm .raiiriniis (\t.T2)
Forearm 32 t<> 3t> mm mexicanim (p. 73)
Forearm '.U to 40 mm.
Tiliia less than 15mm naUtratiiH (p. tW)
Tibia 15 to 19 mm.
Kur and tragns slemler, the lattt-r 9 mm. or more in Icngt'*.
(Jolor light brown sihuilatiiH ( p. 75)
Color blackish keeiiii (p. 77)
Ear and tragns short and broad, the latt4>r X mm. or less in length.
Tibia 17.5 to 2») nmi hngicnia ( p. 04 )
Tibia 15 to 17 mm.
Kar 12 to 11 mm ^>icifii;ii4ii ( p. 50)
Ear 14 to Ifi mm aln»crnsit) (p. (Ki)
MYOTl.** VHI.IFEK (.1. A. -Mien).
1890. I'eapertiUo relifer .}. A. Allen. KuU. .4m. Mns. Nat. HiHt.. N. Y. III. p. 177. Dec. 10,
1890.
im\. letpiTliUo ini-atilHi J. A. Allen. Hall. Am. Mns. Nat. Hist.. N. Y., VIII, p. 239, Nov.
21, 1890. (Texas.)
Type lovaUty. — Santa Cruz del ITalle, near Guadalajara, .Inlisco,
Mexico.
deoffraphie distributioH. — Near Itonler line l)etween upper and lower
Sonoran zones from Missouri and Indian Territory south to Hidalgo,
northern Michoacaiiy and the City of Mexico.
MYOTIS VELIFER.
57
Genera] charnrierH, — Largest species of Myotin known to occur in
Mexico or the United States. Length DO to lor>, forearm 40 to 47.
< jilcar slender, without well developed lobe. Free border of uropata-
gium naked. Ears short, reaching tip of nose. Wings from metatarsus.
Earg. — The ears are short and pointed; laid forward they i-each to or
just l>eyond nostril. Auricle concave on both sides inimcdiately below
the narrowly roun<letl off tap (most strongly so on the iwsterior border).
Anti-rior bonier straight or vory slightly convex through the basal two-
thirds of its length, then concave or almost straight to tip; posterior
Itordcr strongly concave directly below tip, then still more strongly con-
v«'X to basal notch, the widest part of the ear at alxMit mid height. Basal
notch well d« lined, isolating a ]>romincnt basal lobe, which is slightly
uotrheil on the lower side and joins the side of the face in a line which
if continued would coincide with the margin of the upi)er lip.
Tnigns niodeiately long and broad, the anterior <dge straight or very
slightly convex to-.vnrd the tip; posterior border with a well developed
lolw iit base; Just above the lobe the tragus attains its greatest widbli;
thr two borders are usually parallel for a short ilistance, after which
the i>«»steri«n" border bends rapidly forward to the ti|>, below which it
may be either straight or very slightly concave.
Mrmhrams. — The membranes are, for an American Myotis, rather
thi«k ami opaque. The uropatagium is sparsely haired both dor
sally and ventrally on its proximal fourth; the free border, which is
distimtly shorter than the calcar, wholly naked. Wing from i>oint
U'tween ankle and base of toes, but nearer t)ie«latter. When drawn
:iway iM*rpendicnlarly from the leg, the wing appears to be atta(;hed to
tli«' ankh'.
Fni. — Feet ( IM. IT, tig. 0) large and strong, half as long as tibia-. Toes
iwit'iout claws) slightly longer than sole, scarcely united by membrane
;it ••\frcme base, all sprinkled with long, stitf hairs. Calcar long, slen
fl« r. usually terminating indistinctly, but sometimes with a more or leas
\v«"ll defined lobule at tip.
Fur and color. — There is nothing jtecniliar <ibouc the distribution of
tlu' fur to distinguish this bat from other American members of the
•_'eiiU8.
In color the fur is d''!I sepia throughout, paler on the belly, the hairs
••\ rry where dusky s'r.te at base. Individual variation is trilling and
is nuistly confined t.) the belly. This is usually dull broccoli brown,
lint in some s])ecimens by admixture of yellow it Ihtouh's more nearly
isalM'llii <'olor.
Sf:ull. — Skull stronger and more heavily built than in any other
.Vi/'»/f« found in Mexico or the United States, but not a<'tually larger
tha!! that of .1/. thymnoikx. (Ireatcst length ('» specimens) \\\ to 10.4;
/ygoniatij' breadth, 10 to 11; interorbit.il <onstriction, 4 to 4.2; width
of rostrn.rii at anterior root of m 1, (J to O.'J; length of nmndible, VI to
13. When viewed from above, the brain case is subcircular in outline
58
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
u
i*
l'i\
11^^
ii*
bnt truncate posteriorly and slightly longer than broad. Forehead
ino^lerately elevated above inuzKle; occi|>ut bigh and com pressed, with
well develoi)ed ridges. Distance from posterior border of last upi)er
molar to tip of hamular equal to or less than distance between alveoli
of posterior molars.
Teeth. — Upper ineisiors diverging at tips, the inner tooth of each pair
much the larger. First and second premolitrs in the tooth row or
second displaced slightly inward and partly concealed by the anterior
etige of the third, the relative size of the two teeth variable, but first
always the larger. Tlie second premolar is always much shorter than
the first, but the cross section of the crown is sometimes ne;u-ly espial
in the two teeth. On the other hand, in rai-e Ciu«es the area of cross sec-
tion in the first is nearly double that of the second. Third up|)er pre-
molar triangular in outline, posterior margin Umgest. the outer margin
abruptly convex anteriorly, the anterior and posterior Imrders slightly
concave; inner apex of triangle bluntly rounded and not rejicliing to
level of inner margins of molars. Crowns of first and second up|>er
molars trapexiform in outline, the anteriin* edge longest, and the ]>oste-
rior, outer, and inner edges successively shorter. Anterior edge slightly
convex, posterior edge slightly con<'ave. Crown of first molar consiil-
erably shorter in ])roportion to its width than second (fig. 14 J, p. Gl).
Inner mandibular incisors smallest, their crowns compressed and trifid;
middle incisors similar but larger; outer incisors aliout as large as the
two others together, their crowns irregularly terete, and with f<»ur indis-
tinctly developed tubwcles, one of which is much larger than the others.
First and second premolars i)erfectly in line, the first considerably larger
than the second, though not much wider in cross section. Third pre-
molar as broad as long, trapeziform, the |)osterior margin longest.
MeoMHrementH. — In the following table average measurements are
given of 20 specimens of Myntin rclifer from six localities.
Arernge vieanurcmenlx of 20 sitrcimeiin of MijoUk relifrr from '! htc<xWie».
I
I^imlitv.
y^
Mifli<Hu-aii: Pat/.nmro 5 9!)
UiilalKo: Tiilaiiiingo | 3 Vf}
Mi\iro: Ixtii|>alii|i» | 1^ "M
Arizona: Stin Ih'riianliiioltnncli j 4 DR. 8
Trxaa: SiUi Antnnio I ' 95. 2
San Antniiio 4 '.K{. It
M iaiwuri : )larl)l« C:tvu { :i 9;i. A
I
V
a
w
b .
?:£
U
^
7 V
'3
a
1
z
3
~
3
H
H
rl<
\^
r"
>4
44.8
1«.5
9.5
45
7.2
73.4 '
42
18.3
8.!t
4:1. «
7.2
71. 3
40
17. «
h.6
42
S.4
71
42
10.5
9
41.5
6.4
6D
44.4
18
8.4
43
7
B2
41. :i
18.1
9.:i
43
5.9
67
:;ii. 6
1T.»
U.8
42. «
1
69.3
t* ^ s
16 10.6 9
in. I 10. 3 S. 5
1.V 4 II 9
7.8
15.6 lU. I i 8.1
■Typo of 'intautu*.'
MYOTIS LUCIFIIGUS.
59
tSpcrimcns examined. — Total number 46, from the following localities:
Arizona: Siiii Hernarilino Kancli (Mouuiuent 77, Mox. Kouud. Liue), 5 (akiiis).
tli(lal;;u: Tiilaucintr", 4 (1 skin).
Imliun Territory : Fort Reno, 3.
Jalisco: Onatlalajara, 2(r<kin8, MerriaiiiC'oII.); Santa Crn/ del Valle, 3 (skins,
Am. Mns. Nat. II- it.); Hacienda San Mareos, Tonila, 1 (skin, Am. Muh.
Nat. Mist.).
Mexii'o: Lernia, 1; Ixtapalapa, 1; City of Mexico, 1 (skin).
Miclioacan: I'at/cnaro, 11 (H skins).
MisHoiiri: Marble Cavn, Stone County, 3.
.San LuIh I'otosi : .Miiialnlco, 1.
Ttsxas: Month of I'ecoH RivtT. I; Nt-w Uraunfels, 1; San Antonio, 4 (skins,
Am. Mns. Nat. IliMt., inclntlin;; type of ' iNcuoddt').
Vera Crn/. : Las Vij^.is, 1.
(hneraJ remarks. — Tlirough tlie kindness of Dr. J. A. Allen, 1 have
l)eeii al>le t<» exaniin** two of the original .specinjens of Myntix rclifcr
from Santa Cruz del Valle, Guatlalajara, .lalisco, and four specimens
(inclndiiig the type) of ' Vt'sperlilio inrautnK^ from San Antonio, Texas.
.Vttor comparing tlie specimens of '^iurauttix'' with seven M. reli/er
from various parts of Mexico, I can find no ciiaracters to separate the
two even subspecili(;ally. in si/c as well as in cranial and d<>ntal
(•hara«'tcrs they agree perfe<:tly, while the diHerence in color is too
sli^lit to be described by words. As the sp«'cimens from Me.xico were
iill taken in midsummer and those from Texas were killed in t)<!tober
tJH^ variation in color is probably .seiisonal.
The large size of this bat distingui.shes it at a glance from all other
iMexi<'an or United States species except .1/. thjinanoilcM. Vnnu tlie latter
the darker color, slend<'r calcar, naked frceborder of interfemoral mem-
brane, and shorter ears and tragus separate it without dillicnlty.
Ml/Otis jv'/Z/W, while totally different from all other bats found in
.Mexico or the I'nited States, is doubtfully distinct from the South
American M. albescens. Mr. Oldiiehl Thonnis, who has compared for
me specintens of the former with the alheseeiis in the British Museum
so natned by Dob.son after examination of the type, writes that M. rel-
ifir and .1/. (ilhescens are practically identical. It is best, however, to
ictaiii the nanu; rrli/er for the bat o<'(Mn ring in lMexi<;o and the ITnited
States until the South American species has been positively identilied.
Dr. Harrison Allen refers to this bat in his recent ir.otiograpli as
\'<si)ertilio alhtsreus reli/er. I'lider tiu' same name iie mentions a
siMM'imen of ,1/. Ihtjsan'ules from 'Dalyura* ( = l>ulzura), Cal.; while the
Texan specimens of reli/er iu the lUological Survey collection he has
lal>eled ' W alheseens.*^
MYOTIS I, lICIKl'<iUS (Lo Conte). I.itf Brown TJat.
1K!1 . Vi'Hpirtilio Iticifiijius LeConte, McMnrtrie's Cavi<T, Animal Kingdom, I, Append.,
p. 431. (i^oniho/ti (Jeorgia.)
lx.".t!. f'isperlilio HiihiilatuH I.o Cento, Proc. Acad. f'at. Sci.T'hila. (18r>l-or»), p. 435.
ixtil. leHpertilio ajfiiiiit If. .\llen. Mono^r. X. Am. I ats. p..')3.
18(il. I'eaperlilio liivifiigiia II. Allen, Mono^r. N. Ant I tuts, p. .'>5.
60
NORTH AMRRICAN PAtlNA.
II
i
s
m
n
u<
I
1X78. Vegpertilio mrolii DoUhuii, Catal. Cbiroptera lirit. Miih., p. 325.
1893. Vesptrtilio grypkua Var. (a) I'eipertilio grgpku$ luei/uguB H. Allen, Monogr
nat8N.Ain.,p. 7K.
1893. Vetperlilio albeacent affiniit H. Allen, Monogr. Bats \. Am., p. 93.
1897. Vespertilio liicifugua aiiHtioripariim Khuads, Proc. Acad. Nat. 8ci. Pbila., p. 227,
May Iti'Jl. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.)
Type locality, — Georgia, probably soutliorn liiberty County.
(h'ographic dixtrihution. — Tlie whole of North America north of the
southern boundary of the Tnited Stsitcs, except in the Itocky Moun-
tains and on the Pacific <-oaKt of California, Oregon, Washington
British (Jolumbia, and southern Alaska.
General vharacterH. — Size medium; length 80 to fX); forearm .'{<» to
40; tibia 14.0 to 10.6. Calcar slender, indistinct, about equal in length
to free border of uropatagium, usually terminating iii a faintly indicated
lobule; keel very slightly d«'veloped, if
at all. Free border of uropatagium
naked. Kara short, laid forward they
reach about to nostril.
Ears. — The ears (flg. !.'{, c) are .short
and ]ioint('d, reaching when laid forward
barely to tip of nose. The anterior bor-
der is straight from base through lower
third, then for a short distance strongly
convex, and finally straight to narrowly
roundedott'tip. Posterior border gently
concave from Just below tip to about
middle, where it becomes convex and
continues so to basal notch. Ba.sal
notch moderately developed, isolating
a broii'i i)ut not conspicuous basal lobe.
Tragus short, blunt, bent slightly
forward. Anterior b<nder straight or
slightly coin!ave from base to tip. Pos-
terior border straight or slightly con-
vex immediately below tip, then more
strongly convex to notch above large and promiiu'ut basal lobe. Greatest
width of tragus through basal lobe or at about middle height, aecord-
ing to convexity of imsterior iMirder.
MemhraveH. — Membraiies rather thick and leathery, entirely naked
except where fur of body extends in a narrow line at the base of the
wings and uropatagium. t)n the latter the fur occupies about the
basal fourth on the dorsal side, rather less ventrally. The wings are
attached at the base of the toes.
Feet.—Tha feet are large and strong, slightly more than half length
of tibiie. Toes longer thun sole. Joined by membrane at base to a
point slightly beyond middle of proximal phalanges. The membrane
extends farther on first digit than on tilth.
Fki. 13 B«r of (a) MyotU mbftlatii*, {!>)
M. krenii, (e) 31. bitifiKjvi, and ((() M.
alasem'in ( ■'!).
MYOTIS LUCIFUGirS.
61
Fur and color. — The distribution of the fur in MyoiiH htei/uf/us is in
no way peculiar. The hiiirs are iiverywiiere dusky shUu at bane,
(ieneral cohir dull brown with a di8tin<;t gloss in certain lights, the
ventral 8urfiu;e paler and more yellowisli. The exiust shtules are vari-
able. Thus in three s|>eciniens taken at Washingtiui, 1). C, in flune,
the color of the back is respectively wood brown, raw umber, and
sepia, the belly in each pale wood brown tinged to a varying degree
with gray. In the majority of individuals the color tends towsird
sei>ia. Seven skins from Elk liiver, Minn., and three from Kadiak
Island, Alaska, are indistinguishable in color from those taken at
VViishington. Ears and membranes light itrown.
UkuU. — The skull of Myotis luci/uyun is characterized by the broad
Fig. 14. — Teeth of (a) MyittUyvmanetiHii. (b) M. lueifwiui, (r) M. luci/vijiis Um-jierui, at'A
(il) M. rili/er ( ,■ 5>.
nni/zle and palate and gradually sloping forehead. In most specimens
the face 'ine begins to rise almost from the tip of the muzzle; in others,
however, there is a short tiat area back of the na.sal opening. The
Itrain case is broad and intlatfd at the back, less so in front, produc-
ing in nniny individuals a wedge-shaped outline. I)istan(;e from ik).s-
terior molar to tip of hamular less than distance between posterior
molars.
The skull of MyoHs ludfnguH differs from that of M. Huhnlatns in its
slightly smaller size, broader palate and muzzle, and less abruptly
elevated face line.
Tiee/A.— Upper incisors diverging at tips (fig. lAb). CroMm of first
bicuspidate, and, when viewed from below, nearly rectangular and
III]!:;
62
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA,
l!'
1^
(.1
m
11
hi
■JiJ:
about twice iih long uh broad. Laif^or cusp placed at oxtroinn anterior
end; tliu sn)aller one on the inner ed;>e near posterior border. Orown
of Hecond ineisor 8ubtereto, nnicuHpidate. Crown of Hrst premolar
loDjjer than second when viewed from the side, slijihtly lary:er, or in
rare cases very much larjjer tlnr.i the latter in ci-oss section; the two
tcetli in line, or second slightly displaced inward. There is nothing'
charaiiteristic in the torni of the third |iremolar or of the molars.
Maxillary incisors as usual in the genus, the middle pair and the next
coni))rcsKed and trilid, the outer much lar^^er and snbterete. First
nui.xillary premolar with crown longer than the second when viewed
from the sidM, an<l one fourth to one third larger in cross section; the
tw«) teeth perfectly in line, or se(;ond slightlj' <lisplaced inward. Third
premolar subquadrate, nearly as broad as long. The lower molars
show no distinctive characters.
As compared with M. suhulatiis, the species with which it is most
likely to be confused, Mijutis litci/u<fi(x shows numcions ditVcreiices in
dental characters. The tooth row, as a whole, is shorter, and the indi-
vidual teeth relatively sandier. The lirst and second premolars in each
jaw are actually snniller, and in most specimens more nearly c(|nal in
sixe in cross section. In_il/. >iuhi(lntus the premolars are so lariLyiliat the
seiioud is often crowded inward from the tooth row, a condition rarely
seen in M. luvifwjvH. The fin-m of the third hfwer jtremolar is very
ditferent in the two species. When viewed from the side this tooth
is conspicuously broader in jn-oportion to its heigh in .1/. nnhnlatns.
When viewed from above, the tooth is much larger in M. Kubulatiis, and
distinctly longer than broad, whde in M. luvifutjux it i» nearly as broad
as long.
Measurementit. — See tal)le, page <)5.
l!ipei'hnvnsv.ramined. — Total i;nmber50li, from the following lot-alities:
Aliiliuuiii: (irceimboro, I (skin, Mvi'iiuui coll.).
AliiHUa: Kiiiliitk Island, !>.
(.'unne<ti(Mit : 1 (Merriiini <'(>11.).
District of ('oininltin: Wusliinfrton, 20 (niajority in Merriiiin i-oll.)-
Florida: Tnrpon !Si»rinfj;8, 7 (two skins, Rhoails coll., tviit; und t<>iiot,v|>es of
' aiiHtronpnriiiM').
Illinois: Waisuw, 141; West NoitliHeld, 2.
Kcntncky: Mnninioth L'uvu, 218.
M»iii*<: lOastport, 1. '
Maryland: Seuoca liivor, I.
Massacbnsetts: Woods Hole, 1.
Minnesota: Elk Uivur, 7; Fort 8nellin^, 1.
Nowfonndlund : Hay St. (ieor>;e, I (skins, Man^H toll.).
New York: Adirondacks, 1 (Merriam coll.); nij; Moose Lake, 1 (Morriamcoll.);
Catskill Mountains, 2; Howes Cave, 25 (Merriam coll.); Lake George, 1;
Locust (irove, J» (MeiTiani coll. ) ; Lyons Falls, 4 (Merriam coll. ) ; Oneida Lake,
63 (Miller coll.); I'eterboro, 1 (Merriam coll.); .*<ing .Sing, 1 (Merriam coll.);
West Point, 1.
Nortli Carolina: Roan M<>nni:.ain, 1.
NovaHcotia: Halifax,!.
MYOTI8 LUCIFUOrS ALAHCENHI8.
63
Ontario: riraxcnhiirHt, 1 (Miller coll.); .luineN Buy, 2; North Mu.v, Kiike Nipiit-
Hin;{, I (MilI<-r<oII.).
I'cniiHvlvaiiiii: KraiU'oid, 1; ('ttiitcr County, !!•.
(/iirliir: (ioilltoiit, I ( .Nfrniuni coll.); Ottawa, 12 (Murriani roll.).
Soiitli Carolina: Iteaiifort, [i.
VirKiiiia: Kiverton, 1.
(ivneral rcnnirkx. — Mi/otix Uicifwjtm n'soiiibles M. rdifvr inor« cloHcly
tliiiii it «loeH any otiier North Ameritaiii 8i>t'ci«>s. From tlie latter it is,
liowi'ver, readily «li.«(tiii;;iii.slial)lv by its iiiiich smaller si/e. From M.
siihulatuH, the only Hpe(;ies of the gciiiiH with which it is assoiriated in
the eastern I'nited States, it may be at once reeogni/ed by its shorter
car smd shorU^r, le.'^.s iieuiiiinate tragus.
Til is bat is the VrspirHlio ifrifphns lufi/Hfjun of J)r. Harrison Allen's
riM-eiit monograph. Dr. Allen's 'northern form of Vespertilio tjryphug'
is M. HuhxiUituH.
Through the kindness of Mr. S. N. Ithoatls I have examined the tyi>e
:iiid six topotypes of Vtspcrtilin lnci/iiffnn aiintrorip(friuM from Tar]N)n
Springs, Fla. 1 can tind no chaiacters by which these specimeus may
be distinguished from those taken at othtM- parts of the range of Myotis
liiri/iitfUH. The two skins, one of whiiUi is the type, are those of partly
grown individuals whose immaturity is clearly indicated by the soft,
papery skulls in which the nasal sutures are still clearly visible, and
by the imperfectly formed Joints of the lingers (see tig. l,p. 9). These
specimens ditfer from northern adults in suuvller size, shorter fur, and
duller, browner color. Three adult topotypes in al(;ohoI show only «me
of these peculiarities — the shortness of fur — antl iu the fourth this also
IS absent. The fifth alcoholic spccinu'ii is imtniiture. That the adult
.specimens of Myotic from Tarpon Springs are uot smaller than .1/. liici-
ftiffiix from oth'ir localities is clearly shown by the table of measurements
on page do. The short fur of three of the adults is evidently a sesisonal
character, since all showing this peculiarity are in worn, ragged «*oat,
while the only one in fresh pelage (killed Septi^mber 1!J) has fur of
tlie ordinary length. The fur of all these specimens, after nearly five
.years immersion in alcohol, has lost the warm, glossy appearance char-
acteristic of freshly killed iiidividiuils, It can be perfectly matched,
however, among the series of alcoholit; specimens collected in Center
County, l*a., during the winter of 189;j.
MYOTIS LUCIFCOI S ALASCKNSIS Hubsp. nov.
Tiipe I'roni Sitka, Alaska. Adult 9 (<■) alcohol), No. 77410, U. 8. National .MnH«nin
(iiiolo^iial Survey collcctiou). Collmteil August 5, ISDS, l»y C. 1'. Streator.
CoUeetor'a uunilier, 1754.
(ieoyraphic tligtrihution. — Humid coast district of southern Alaska
and northern British Columbia.
(ieneral characterx. — More like typical luci/i((futt than like longivrua^
but darker in color and with longer ears.
Enrs. — As shown in the table of measurements on page 05 the ears
of this form average distin(;tly larger than those of the typical sub-
I
I
i
r
M^^
1 1'^'
%l
i
64
NOBTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
BiHsuieH. 1 can not 8eu, Luwever, that (liuy ilittur appreviubly in I'onu
Fur and color. — Tlio fur i» diHtribiited »h in tint, luci/iifii h. In color
it is evidently diuker thun tliut of tliu typinil form, hut tliu u\u4;t
ditt'ereiicuhcun not be determined fiom HpeeinienH in alcohol. KurHand
menibranus bhu;kiMh.
MeuHurementH. — See table, pajfo <>5. '
SpecimenH ej-aminetl. — Total number Ki, from the following hN-alities:
Alanka: Fort Wruiigul, 1 (Hkiit, Mfrriiiiii cull.); I.uiiii^;, 1 (1 skin); Hitka, K
(SskiiiH).
UritiHh ('iiliiiiibiii: MuHHutt, (jiiuun Cliarlotbt) iHlanilH, 'A.
General rvmarkit. — Mifotix luciJ'nijUH alattcenniH is distingniHliable from
both typical M. Inci/injun and M. lurijuf/iin lirnffirnis by its lonj-er ears
and darker color. From -1/. luvi/tiyux lumjivruH it ditl'erH further in its
much shorter tibia. ,
MYOTKS KrW:**4a;<WS I.ONOICKl'M (True).
1880. \'e$pert'iHo lontjicnis TriM), Sriniio, VIII, j». r>ii><, \hw. Ul, 188(>.
1898. l'e$pcrlilio nitUlua lonii'urua II. Allun, Mouogr. Iluto N. Am., p. 103.
18U3. Vespertilto alhe»ieH» (uM\amv. pbaHe) II. Alleu, Munu^r. liutuN. Am., p. 02(imrt).
Type locality. — Puget Sound.
Geographic diHtribution. — Boreal an«l Transition /.ones from I'uget
Sound east to Wyoming; south at least to Arizona and southern Cali-
fornia, and probably much farther.
General charavterti. — Similar to typical Myotix luei/Kym, hut larger
(length, i)i to U)2', forearm, 37 to Ml; tibia, 17..Sto lU), and with longer
tibia and proportionally shorter ear and forearm.
Earn. — The ears are more rounded and ])roi>orti(inally .slightly shoi-ter
than in typical M. luci/uyun, the inner side of the conch usually more
bairy. Tragus as in M. luHftujm.
The membranes and feet dill'er in no way from tho.se of the true
M. luaJ'uyuH, except that the feet ai»pear shorter in projiortion to the
tibio).
Fur and color. — The fur shows no peculiarities in distribution. In
color it is darker and duller than in the typical subs|»ecies (especially
in specimens from northern California), but the dilVerence is apparently
never very striking, while two skins from Arizona are indistinguishable
from specimens of lucifwjuit taken at Washington, I>. C.
Skull. — The skull of Myotin luci/ugun longieruH does not ditter ap^ire-
ciably in size or form from that of true luci/uyun.
Teeth. — In dental characters Myotis lucifiujUH lonyicrm agrees closely
with typical M. lucifugm. While there appear to be no constant and
important difierenceH between the teeth of the two forms, the third
upper premolar averages slightly larger in longicrus, and there are
usually trifling diiferences in the relative sizes of the lower premolars
(fig. 14c).
Measurements. — See table, on page 05.
MYOTI8 LUCIFUdUS LONGICKU8.
(»5
S/HviineHH ijumincd. — TotuI iiuinbor 1)7, from tliu following; htcHlities:
Ari/oiiik: Sun I'ranciHio Mt., 1.'; Cliiriouliiiu MtM., I (Hkiii).
Ciilit'oriiiu: Nfvudtt City, I ; NicuHin, 72; Owciih l,uk«, I; I'oint k<<yt>H, I; Hun
Kiiii^dio, I ; Walker )'iutH, 2.
(Iiiliiiitliiiik: San l-'riimiHco WuUir Cuuyuu, Siui LiiIh Mtw., I.
Coloi'tulii: (iranil .liiiiclion, I.
N'i)va«lit: ('ottoiiu'iKxl K)tii>;o, 1 (Hkiii); I'liiiuca, I.
New Mexiro: Santa F<>, I.
Oregon: KaHt Iiiiho CaHcailu MtH., n«'ar Ml 'riiirlHuii, I (Hkiii); l(ti»v«<rtiiii, 2
(MillvrCiill.).
WaHliin^ton : Capo I''latt4ti',v, I ; Colvillt^, I ; (iovHrr Kiuiin, I ; I'ort 'ro\viiHeii<l, t.
Wyuiiiiii*;: l.aku Furk, 1.
(icnend remiirkn. — Mi/otiM hivi/iiymi UtHiiivruH is » woll-iiiiirktMl jjco-
•{rupliiual rare of .1/. luciftujux, rophicin^; tUu typical form of tlio latter
in the western iliiited States tlirouglioiit the rei;ioii west of tlie (ireat
Plains. Tiie northern and southern limits <»f its ran^'e ran not at pres*
ent be detorniinetl.
A siiif^le skin from Cofre de I'erote, Vera ('ru/, is probably referable
to v. hici/nffun hnf/UruH. The tibia, however, is slightly shorter than
in true loiufirriis, and more material from sonthcni localities may show
tlie necessity of recognizing another geographic race.
Myotin luci/Hf/uH loiif/icrtix is the bat to which the'melanic form of
Vixpertilio alhesans^ of Dr. Allen's re<!ent monograph for the most part
icfers. ITnder this name, however. Dr. Alien also included dark-
r(»I(>re<! specimens of M. caH/ornivus.
Measttremenls of aubupeciea of Myot'u lucifugua.
SiiliMi.irii'H.
I.iH;iilitv.
I
i
2??
6
10
4VV
bici filling t'luritlii : Tiir|Mm S|iriiigH
' UUtrict 1)1' Ciiliiiiiliiii: Wanliing
ton.
! reiiiiH.vlvaiiiii: ('uiilro County. . .
! Ni'W York : llowTM (^avi-
Nuwi'otiucllitu)! : r.iiy Sl.(i»>ori{o.
AliiNka: Kiitliiik IhIuiiiI '
Sitka ! 1$ I
Sllka I «9 V
l.orin); i 3
»
10
1?
19
tlltUVi'llKItt .
li'iii/ierut.
I llritiHli ('oluniliiu: MaHgolt
I WiiitliinKton : I'ligi-t Soiinil
California: Niraiiio
Ni'VBiln City
Owxnit Lakf
Walker I'ana
Snn Kniigdio
Wyoniinj:: Lake Fork
Nrvaila : I'anai'a
A riz4ina : San Francisco Mountain
I - .
89. 5 40
86. 5 37. 5
H
10
^
I
S3
3 ;^ ^
.1
H. 7 38. 8 6. 2 63. 7 13. 7, 9. 4
38.9 6.7!...
12.2
13.3
85. 3|37. 15. 5 7. 3 .17. 6' 5. « 60. 2
80. 3;:t«. 4 Ifl. 5' 8.7 38 0. 661. 5 13. 2
87.
88.6
91
86.3
80
85.6
97
95.3
102
96
29 9! 97
19 100
i>r 94
2
|;i4.6 H. 2 57. 6 14. 8
37.6 10.9 8.0 37 6.2160 h4.»9.9
37.21.'i.5 9
38.3 10.1 9.1
39 jl6 I 9 isH 6. 4'60
38. 6 16 8. 4 36. 6 6. 2 59
35 ,15 8
36.7 0. I|61.2!....
36.1 .... ....!l3.8
! I
16
15.2
9.4
9.7
9.1
8.5
10.6
9.5
8.0
44 1 19 I 8 1.38. ."> 6 165 12
43.618.7 7.7137.6 5.5 65.3 12
46 '19.6 8 39.6 6 71
II I
45 17.8 8.41.... 6
44.618.5. 7.439.6
45 il8.8; 7.640 5
45 19 8 ;38 7
69
43 18.4
I" I
93.5j41 17.3
8 39.6 5.668
7.738.5 6.2 68
10
9.8
13 I 9.8
12.6 9
12.610
13. 4' 9.6
12.6' 9
12 I 9
13.5 9.5
I
I |-"|
9
H
7.1
7.5
7.2
8
7
8
7.6
7
7
7
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
8.3
2772— No. 13-
' Type.
66
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
MYOTI8 YUMANENSIS (H. Allou).
IWU. t'e-*perliiio yumaMeintit II. Allen, Monogr. N. Am. Itats, ]i. .'>S.
1866. I'espertilio nuuroima II. Allen, I'ruf. Aead. Nat. 8ci. Pliila., p. 2X8, (ner. Ooiihl,
1«54).
ISifi. I'etperiilio tiUidmii (iM'ilomorphio variety) H. Allei:, Monogr. Data N. Am.,
pp. 72, 73.
IHKt. Venittrtilio alhtteen* II. Alien, Monogr. liatn N. Am., p. K7, (part, ne<^ Geoff.,
1X05).
ISM. VexperliHo nitidttd macropim II. AIUmi, Monogr. Kata N. Am., p. 100.
Type lo&ility. — i)ld Fort Yaiia, California.
(ieiHjruphic dUtrihutinH. — Austral zones and lower edge of Transi-
tion xone from the southwestern United States to San Luis Potosi and
Micho:ican, Mexico.
General vltarticter». — Size small; length 74-88; forearm 32-37 ; culcAr
distinrt, considerably longer than free border of interfemoral mem-,
bi'ane, terniinutiiig in a well-marked lobule; free border of uropatagium
naked; ears motlernte; wings from base of toes, but on account of
extent of web between toes apparently fmm side of metatarsus; feet
very large and strong as compared with other small Ameiiciiii sitoeies.
Kors. — The ears (PI. I, fig. 2) are moderately long; laid forward they
reach just beyond the tip of the nose. The anterior border is straight
for a short distance at base, then strongly convex, and finally straight or
even slightly concave just below tip. The tip is narrow and abruptly
rounded ott'. The jHisterior border is concave from the tip to the
widest part of the auricle, just beh>w mid height, then strongly convex
to basal notch, which isolates a well-marked rounded lobe.
Tragus slender, acutely iwinted. Anterior border slightly concave
at bsi.se, t*<eu straight or very faintly concave to tip. Posterior bonier
crcnulatc, straight or slightly concave from tip to broadest point at
alNiut lower tuird. A very large lobe at base; this lobe so large that
the greatest bre<;dth of the tragus is often through it.
Memhrttne». — The membranes, esitecially the uropatagium, arc, for so
snnill a bat, thick and leathery. The interfemoral membrane (PI. 11,
fig. 2) is furred at the base.lioth dorsally and veutraIly,birtotherwi.sc is
naked except for a s;»rinklvng of short hairs along the veins. Wings
from bitsb of tiH's, but on iic(*xiant of the conspicuous webbing of
the latter the membrane apiM'ars to be attat^hed to the side of the
metatarsus.
Feet. — The feet (PI. II, fig. 2) are. for so small a bat, very large, broad,
and strong, more than half as long as the short tiV'; , the whole leg
and foot suggesting a sm<all NyvtireiuH rather than a Myotis. Toes
(without claws) as long as sole, united by membrane at base to distill
fourth of proximal phalanges. Calcar strong and distinct, much longer
than free border of uropatagium, usually terminating in a distinct
lobule. Keel on {msterior edge very ."lightly developed.
Fur and eolor. — The fur shows no peculiarities in distribution. On
the m'idle of the back it averages aboui U mm. in length.
MYOTIS YUMANENSia.
67
Color pale wood brown, varying to broccoli brown ; belly dirty whitish ;
the fur everywhere light plinnbeoaH at base; ejirs and membrane very
light bmwn ; the uropatagiuin and wing membranes edged with whitish.
S|ie<;imenM ironi tlie ty|>e h>eality are the palest tliiit I have seen.
Tliose from Kort Verde, Arizona, and ai)parently also alcoholic a|)ecimen8
finrn Tulare and otl'ier localities in southern California, are slightly
<liirker, bnt still very different from M. yumatuiiHiH mturutm.
Skull, — The skull of Myotig yumanevftis resembles that of M. ln<nj';i,4jiut
in form, but is distinguished from the latter by its smaller size, and
shorter, broiuler i;iU:!te. The brain case ii^ broader and Hatter than in
.1/. luciJ'nijuH. Frouj the skull of M. mlifornicus that of M. yumaneimH
is readily distinguished by its slightly larger size and very much
broader, more robust form, the rostrum in particular being noticeably
broiuler.
Tveth. — The teeth of Myotin yumfmenmn (llg. 14 ri) more tjlosely resem-
ble those of M. Inci/tufux than any <»ther species. They are, however,
smaller, and the crowns of the molars are longer in pro|H>rtion to their
width. Tlie crown of the third lower premolar is only slightly longer
than broad, thus resembling the corresponding tooth in M. hieifuyuH,
and differing from M. culi/iirnuum, which, like M. nnbulaltnt, has the
crown of this tooth very distinctly longer than broad.
. Mamitrementg. — See table, jiage <'!K
Sp'jfiuiens cvaminetl. — Total number 142, from the following i>N',aliti(^c.
Ari/oii»: Kort Vtnlt-, 6 (tkint«); Wliittt MoiiutaiiiM, 1 (Nkiii, Aiii. Miih. Nat.
IliHt.).
C'niiroriiin: VnrX. h'cailiii};, 1; Fort Viinia, 5 (okiiia); FruHiio, 8; HorBo Shoo
Henil, C'olora<l<i K'ivt-r, 1; Koulcr, 7; Loiio I'iiie, 2; Moiiut Whitney, 1;
Ncviitlii l.'ity, -' NiriiHio, 1; U\veiit> Lnki-, 5; Owuim ValN-y, 1; Old Fort
Tejuii, 13; San Luis Hey, 8; 'riiliiro, 45; Walkvr Push, Kt-m ('oiinty, 1.
Miolioiirun: I'nl/.cnaro, 13.
Nuviida: Pyramid I.iiku, 1.
Sail LiiiH PotoMi: .Ii-hiih Maria, 7; H<ia. La i'ara<l)>, 3; Abualiiico, 1).
Utah: ProvoCity, 1.
(ientnti lemarkH. — Myotic yununuimiH needs comparison with ,1/. cali-
/ornicuH only. Fnmi the latter it is readily distinguished by its much
larger foot and longer calcar. More detailed comparison of the two
\\ ill be found under M. cali/oniinis.
This is the species to which IM-. llarri.><on Allen's rec«!nt account of
\'esiu-rtilio alhencenn for the most part refers. His so<'alled larger
iiu'lanic form of alhcHcinit is Myotin luci/ufiiiH toufiicrm (True). Speci-
iiicns of MyottH cali/ornicus, M. IhyHnnodeH, and M. reli/er in the Biologi-
cal Survey collection have lieeu labeled by Dr. Allen V. albem'ens, the
last two, however, with a cpiery. This bat is also the Veapcrtiiio
iiiiict'opuH and V. nilidun nutcropwi of Dr. Allen. The «Rme viae 'opvg,
liowever, is prH»ccupied by {'ettpfrtilio macropus Gould, 1854.'
MyottH yuniitneHHiti is a much smaller bat than .>/. alheHcenit, and (voes
Mauiiualo ul' Audtraliia {fide DoImod).
68
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
not agree with the descriptions of the latter given by (ieoflfroy or Dob-
sou. Mr. Oliltield Thomas, after «M)nii>aring specinien^ of M. yHmtiHeit-
»iH wiMi the M. ulbtgcewi identitied by Dobsoii in the BritiMh Museum,
written nie that tliu two are in no way chisuly rehitt>d.
Lack of an adc4|uate series of skins prevents any determination of
the extent of individual color variation in this siiecies. 8|»eciniens
tsiken at Fort Verde, Arizona, in May and August, are slightly darker
than those killed at the tyi>e lociility in April, while two July skins
from L'atzcuaro, Michoacan, are nearly as dark sis the lightest examples
of M, yvmamiMis gatiiratus.
MYOTIS YUMANENSIS SATITRATIJS snbsp. iiov.
V-i
Adult (^ (skill), No. iH;;;|,U. S. Nutioiial .Museum
('••llictotl Stptoiiiber i:{, IHXit, hv T. S. I'aluier.
TvjM'fniiii llaiuilton. WaHliiugloii.
(ltiiiIo;;icaI Survey cullectioii).
('(tUector's uiiiiiber, :fi>2.
Otoyraphie di;itributiun. — Transition xoue in Oregon, VViishington,
and British Columbia.
Genvral cliaractcrH. — Similar to typitral Mfiotix ynmanemtix, but fur
longer and color much darker.
Fur and i-itlor. — Fur distributed as in the typical subsiMH'ies. On the
middle of the back it averages about *J mm. in length. Bsu'k dark glossy
yeUowish brown (the exa4rt shade usually between the *s«>pia' and
Miiununy brown' of Kidgway s Nomenclature of Colors, IM. Ill); belly
isal>ella color; chin, throat, and sides darker than belly; fur every,
where deep blackish plumbeous at base; ears and membraues blackish.
MeaxuremeHU. — 8ee tabic, page (»!».
Specimens examined. — Total nuuiber 10, from the following localities:
Itrititih ('olnniliia: Kaui]ou|M, 1 (skin) ; KuItuH Lake (iioiir Cliilliwack), I n.
Miller citll.); Mount Leliinan, 1 (skin, Am. Miis. Nut. Hist.); Port Momi^, 1
(skin); Shuswap, 1 (skin): Simiiis, 3 (skins, Miller coll.),
Ore);ou: Cnxiketl Kiver, 1 '; Lone Kf>ck, 2^; Twelve Mile Cn-ek, 1 ■.
Washington: Chelan, •{■; Hamilton, 2 (skins); Lake (.'nshuiun, 1 (skin); ^'eah
Ha.v, I.
iieneral remurkM. — Myoiin ifiimatuHHtJi naturatuH is readily distinguish-
able from true yumnnennis by its much darker cohu*. lM||^MiIiunicter,
however, it closcl}* approiu;hcs the typical form of iU. THetTN^irjr.fhiui
which it differs chieHy in smaller general size and much smaller skull.
F.x>M .1/. Im-ifuguH loMgirrint itditl'ers very noticeably in its shorter tibia
as well as in other chanicters.
■Tlies«> sprx-iiiieuH may lie neater true j/Hmamennia tlian tattirattu. In alcohol, how-
ever, their colur apiiears luiioh too dark for the typical subs)ieciea.
MYOTI8 CALIFOKNIClIh.
MetuHrrmruU of »iih»peci«$ of Mffolit yumaMfntii.
69
o ■
Sr.lMpecieit.
fltimanrnnu.
taturttu* .
Locality.
la £ •£
a « ' -a I-*
s| a -a
Calirornin : Fort Ynma 4 83. 7 35. 5
Tnlan- 10 |W).536.ff
Arizona: Fort Venli- 4 J7U.230.7
San I.iiiH i'otiMii: .Imm Maria 59 ; HI 34.0
Mii'lioaran : Patzriiaro x Ml. 6 ;1S. 3
BriliHh Colnniltia: Siiman < 3 82.336.r>
WiMliinKtoii : Chelan 3 |'7
Hamilton I l,fi ItJ
35
30
H i b. Ik, H
14.1
15
15.7
8.7 32.7 r>.2
H.7 34.2 6
8. 8 33. . .
15.5; 7.0 34.4 6.
14.6' 8.:i:i4. 1 5.T
8.«34.n 5.:i
8.:i35.:t «
8.03:1 I 5
5«.Sl....
30. 4 14. 2
.'>5.5I4
.17.8 14.4
.-.7 14. 2
.'.7 !....
.'iO. 3 14. 3
7.4
8.3 7
H. I 7.8
7.S
' I J |ie.
MYOTIS CALIFOI{.\ If US (Ami. A liiich.).
IKI'J. r('M/«r/i7io rali/oiMicHu AikI. <V lt:ich.. .Iinirii. AcimI. Nat. S«'i. IMiilii., p. 2X0
(i'alirornia).
1861*. retiurlilio nitidus II. Allen. I'roi-. Aca<l. Nat. 8ci. Pliila., p. 217 (Monterey,
Califuniiu).
1861. Vetperlilio nilidii* II. Allen. Mono^^r. N. Am. Itat^*, ]». St\
isivt. VeHinriilio oreijonentiK II. Allen, Mouo^r. N.Ani. Kitts, p. til (('npn St. Lncoa and
Fort Tejon).
ISIM;. renperlilio oli$rmrHi U. Allen, Pmc. Aoml. Nat. 8ci. i'hila., p. 2H1 (Lower
(California).
is««5. Vt»iurlilio rnliiim II. .Mien, Fr«M^. .\rail. Nat. S«i. I'liila.. p. 282 (Capo St. I.nraH).
IxtUi. lenpertilio esilix H. .Alien. Pro.-. \vvn\. Nat. Sci I'hila.. p. 28;i (Cape St. I.uca!>).
isfifi. I miuTlilio teiiuitlortalix 11. Allen, I'roc-. Aoiwl. Nat. Sei. Fliila., p. 28:1 ((^ape St.
I.ncax).
18fii;. reiperlilio yMMi<in«'N«i>( II. Allen. Vrw.. Ac:mI. Nat. Hei. IMiila., |). 28:{ (nee II. Allen,
1864).
1K78. f'e»iierlilio Ni/ir/nM I)<il>8on. Catal. Cliiro))teru Itrit. Mu8., )i. 318.
IxtMt. f'fnptrlilio mtltiHorhtHHii Merriani. North .Vnieri«':in Fauna, No. :t, p. tti, Sept. 11.
18110 (.Situ FranciHi-o Mt.. .Arizona).
18tK{. I'vHpt-rlilio alheMctmH melnmfrhiiiH* II. .Mien, Mono};r. KatH N. Am., ]>. Ml.
ix'Xi^fenftrrtilio Mtft VfajfeU .. Allen. Monojjr. HatK N. Am., p. !t4.
181K). ViMiHtlilic nilhluM AcMxAairi ll..\llcn. .Monoj^r. HatH N. Am., p. lOIt (Win^ate, .\.
Moxi<-o).
1K!K{. f'ftperlilio iii<iriraii» II. .Mien. Moiiojrr. ItatH N. Am,, p. !*7 t'ootnot*^ (nee .Maxi-
milian I82ti).
Ti/iH' localUff — ' Calironiia/
(ieographir (lixtrihiitioH. — An.>stral zouoa and lower part of Transition
/one tliroiigliuiit the western I'nitcd St^it4M and liower Calitrrnia, east
to Wyoming; and Te.\a.s. South limit of n^riiji' not known.
(Ivneral ehnrtu'tcrH. — SmaUeflt 8|)e4-ieM of Myotin known to occur in the
rnit4>d States. I<en{;th, TO to H7; forearm, 'V.! to .'t(S. Oalcar alNiut as
Ion;; UM free Imrder of iiropataciuni, very slender but distinct and with
a more or Ies8 well develop«Hl lohule at tip, outer edge with a distinct
keel, liejjs slender, the small feet reachinjf when extended backward
t4i within about "i mm. of tip of t^iil. Kreo border of uropataginm naked.
70
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
i
Ear8 uioderute, reaching just beyond tip <»r nose. v\ ngs from base of
toes. Fur on back distinctly darker at bitse tlisin at tip.
Uars. — The ears arc moderately long ( PI. I, fig. 2), reaching when laid
forward 1 to 3 mm. Ineyond tip of nose. The anterior border of the
anricle is straight or slightly convex at the base, then strongly convex
to a point somewhat lieyond the middle, after which it is straight or
even a little concave to the narrowly roanded oil' tip. Tosterior border
nineave fn)m tip to iN>int slightly Itelow the middle, after which it is
convex to basal notcn. Basal l<»lie strongly develoiMHl and notched on
its lower border.
Tragns varying mnch in .>(ha|M>, bnt with anteri(»r border usually
straight, or nearly so, and iH»sterior Itorder strongly convex and with
snnill basal lob'^
Memhranes. — The membran«>s are thin i»n«i delicate. Ilropatagium
(PI. II, tig. I) furred on basid third, otherwise naked, except for a few
hairs aUtiig the veins. Wings frmn b:i.sc of toes, naked, except for a
narrow strip ulong side of body.
Feet. — The feet are small and weak (PI. II. tig. 1), distinctly less than
half as long as tibia. I'alear slender but distinct, shorter than free
border of uropatagium, usually terminating in a distinct lobule. The
posterior border is provide«l with a ke<>l l>eginning abruptly about L'
mm. from the base and fading away gra4iual1y at about middh^ of calcar.
This keel is sup]MU-ted by 1 to .'{ cartilaginous outgrowths from the
Cidcar.
Fur and rohtr. — The for is ."toft, fn'l. and long, that on middle of back
averaging ab< ut 8 mm. in length.
Color light yellowish gray, paler on the belly, tite fur everywhere
dark plumbeous at base. Mead»r:ines, ears, lips, and mu/xlc bisutkish.
Skull. — The skull of M'^^tin cali/orniruK is smaller and more lightly
built than that of any other North Anieriran Mifotis. The bruin case
is m(Mlerately rounde<l, and the h>ng narrow mu/./le fades grsulually
into the gently sloping forehead. The skull is thus very «lirt'ercnt from
that of il/. ,VM>H/rH/-Nx//(, the only s|ie4-ii's with which M. luilifoniicus is
likely to be confused. In form it resend>les the skulls of M. erotis
and M. thysaiiotlfH, but the latter an* among the largest of the spct'ies
found in the region inhabited by M. cali/orniruM.
Teeth. — The teeth of M^otix fali/nrttivH* (tig. 15, a) are, like th« skull,
small aiul delicate. In general they cUisely rcs«Mnble the teeth of ,V.
MuhidtitUM, and differ from those of .1/. ymnoueiiMiK in numerous details,
as in the shape of the third np|M>r mola: and third lower ))rento1ar, the
former being distinctly narn>wer arui tl:£ latter '..^pgcr in pro[M)rtion to
its width than in M. jfinmimen»i:.
}fe(MUt'ementM. — See table, page 74.
Sitevimem examined. — Total nnmlM>r l.'i*J,fn)m the following localities:
Arizona: Camp (•.nut, 2; Oracle. ■'>; Pr<>iM-ot(. 1 (skin, Am. Mim. Niit. IliAt.):
Santa rati* ii'jit MoiintaiiiH. 1 t»kiii>; Tuiajatt Altaa, Yuma County, ',i; Wkitu
MtinutaiP'j, 1 (Hkin, Am. Miw. Xat. Hist.).
MY0TI8 CALIFORNICU8.
71
Califnruiti: Amsu'KOHA Hivnr, Mobavo Dest-rt, 1; Knnniiig, 1; C'altto, 1; Colo-
rsido Dt'Bvrt, 1; Duutli Vnlloy, 14 (incliidiiig Uennctt Wells,!; Fuiieriil
Mountains,!; Suratuga Hprings, 6); Diilziiru,!'* (tS skins, Miller coll.); Kiist
Fork Kaweah Uivi-r, 3; Fort (.'rook, 1; Fort Tejon, !1; Old Fort Yiiniii, !;
Jacunilin, Sun Dief^o County, !; Korn KivtT (25 niilos ahovo K*-rnvilli*). 1;
Monterey,!; Mount Hliasta, 1; Nicasio, 7; I'otalunia, 1 ; I'oint Rcyos, 5; San
C'li-nuaito iHlantI, 3; Hanta Barbara, ! ; Santa Yttalx;!, San Die^o ('ounty,23;
Tcjoii I'lWH, ! ; Trns I'inoM, ! ; Twin Oaks, San Diofru County, ! ; Witch Crt^-k,
San Diego County, 7.
(,'hiliiiakua: KiiHt siilc of San Luis Mountains, :(.
Lower Calirornia: Cape St. Lucas, 2 (T. ohHCNrwi' 11. .\II«mi): San I'mianilo, :!
(Miller coll.).
N<-Vii<l»: Colorado River, 2; Cottonwood Kange, 4; (iold Mountain, I'.HUieralda
County, 2; Palirunip Valley, !; Panaca, Lincoln County, !; Ve^aM N'allcy,
Lincoln ('(Uinty, !.
New .Mexico: Fort hetianoe, 1; Fort Win};»te, 2; SilverCity I (Hkiu).
Oregon: Elgin, 1; .John Day River, 3; Twelve Mile Creek, 2.
Texas: Paiaaiio, !.
Wiutliington: AIniota, Wliitn'.;ii County, 1; itlae Creek, I; Cln-lan, !.
Wvoniing: Ititter Creek, Sweetwater County, 2 (skins. Am. .Mus. Nat. Ilirit.);
Bull Lake, L
KWi LS—Teietli of (a) ifyoti* enU/nmirwi, (h) M. §ubulalut, (r) M. rmtio. niiil (rf ) U. thfiMnndtn ( < S.)
itics:
list.):
A'hite
treneral remarks. — Typical Myotin mlifornicuH varies coiiHi<1i>riiuly in
(Hilor, Hixe, and ])ro|)ortionR, but may ahvayH \w re<'ogiiixiMl aiiioii;>:
Norlli American and Mexican Hpecios by it8 Hinall .size, Hlciidor form,
•lelicate membranes, loiifir tail and lef^M, Hniitll feet, and pale yellowiHli
color. Myotin ymnnnen»in, the only other HpeeieM of e«|iially smtill Hi/.e, h:i8
runHpicuouHly shorter legs, larger fi>et, shorter tail, and thicker mem
■w
72
NOHTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
braiiee. The species resembliug M, caliiornicH* in fonii are all conspic-
nitoMly larger.
In his ruceiit monograph Dr. Harrison Allen nses the name Vesper-
tilio nUidwt for Myotw califomivut. As subspecies of cMli/ornicus he
includes M. yumanensin ( - ' Vespertilio nitidHn mairopuH^)^ M. vaUfor-
nicH9 eiliolabrum, and M. luci/uf/u» longlcrus (=' VenpertUio nititlm
longicrwi^). Vespertilio melanorhintui, a synonym of M. fYi/i/omiVM«, he,
however, refers to ' V. alheHcenit^ { ^ M. yumaneHHi*) as a subsjiecies,
* Ve»pertH%o alhescens meUimtrhinnH.''
MYOTI8 (;ALIF0|{NI(JII.S CAITR1NU8 siilwp. nov.
Tttpr rrnni Miwsett, Queen Clinrlotte iHlttiida, MritiBli (.'uliimliia. Ailiilt. ,/ (in »loo-
liol). No. T22\9, W. 8. National Mufwiim (Itiolngical Snrvey collection). Collecteil
in IKtri oy .1. II. Kt>«n.
(ieographic diHtrihution. — The humid coast district of British Cohim-
bia, Washington, and Oregon (pitssibly also of northern <'a!ifornia).
(ieneral characterit. — Siniil-.ir to typical .)/. rali/arHU'uitj hut very nuirli
darker in color.
Ertr»j memhraneit, feet, and fur. — As in typical valifornicuft.
Color. — Very deep, fre<]uently almost blackish sepia throughout,
slightly yellowish on lielly, the fur everywhertt blackish plunilH*ous at
base.
MeiuuremenUt. — See table, page 74.
Spei'imens exaniined.— Total number, 14, from the following lo«.'alities:
KriiiHliColiimltia: Port Momly, 1; M <im;tt, i».
l>ri>K<>n: Marmot, I (nkin).
WashinKt^in : Fort SteilaciNtni, 1; Pnget Sound, '.'.; Teiiino, 1.
Qenvral rttnarkit. — In color Myotin cali/orHicHS amriMHx closely re-
sembl<.'s dark s|)ecimens of .)/. ealifornivuft niejricanmt. It is reailily
distinguishable from the latter, however, by i'i;s much smaller siK<>.
MYOTIS CAIilFOKNR'lJS (^ILIOLAItKUM (Merriim).
1886. Ve»pertiUo viliolahrHm Merrium, I'roo. Itiol. Soc. Waaliington, IV. |i. I.
1893. rmjMTfi/io nilidHM cUioliihnim II. Allon. MonoKr. HatH N. Am., (t. 101 (part).
Typf locality. — Trego (Jounty, Kansas.
Oeitgraphie diiitrihutioH. — Trego County, Kanssis, and cei ■ ntl iS<»uth
Dakota. Limits of range wholly unknown.
(ieneral remarks. — Similar to typicitl M. cali/orHu-wij but very much
paler in color.
Ears. — in form the ears of Myotis califomiens eiliolabrnm are as in
typical ^f. ealifomicHs. They average, however, slightly larger.
Membranes. — The membranes are thin '\\u\ tntnsluceut. Wing.s from
base of toes, and entirely naked except a narrow line close to the body.
Uropatagium thinly haired on proximal flflh ventrally and on pmxiiiuil
half dorsally, otherwise nake<l, but with a few hairs along the veins.
Feet. — The feet are moderately large, about half the length of the Libia,
MYOTIS CALIFOUNICII8 MKXICANUS.
73
tlio tocH longer tliiiii tliu Mile. A (IJHtiiivt wart at lieol. (3a)car nleiidcr,
distinct, about equal to free bonier of intertenioral nieinbrano, terminat-
ing in a small but distinct lobule and noticeably keeled along |>o8ierior
edge. The keel is sui>i>orted by 1 to 3 cartilaginous processes.
Fur and color. — Except for its unusual extension on tlie ba<;k of the
uropatagium the fur shows no ]HM'uli:irities in distribution.
In color the fur is pale yellowish white throughout. The ears, mu/.zle,
and chin are dark brown in strong contrast. Membranes light brown
with pale e<lges.
MrnHnrnnents. — Sec table, page 74.
SpirininiH ennui iml. — Total number I. 't, from tlie foUowing localities:
KiiiisnK : Trtsffo County, «!.
Soil*!) Ilitkotn: Carroll l>ru>%', i'iii*; Kid^r liidiiiii Kt-Herviilion, 7 (HkiiiH Am.
Mim. Nut. liiHt. ).
(ieimral rcmarhs. — Myotis vaii/oniivitH vlUoUihrmn is a pale, whitish,
rare of M. cali/orniriis, presenting the opposite extreme from M.c.cau-
rinttx. Except in color, 1 can not lind that it differs in any constant
characters from typical caliJ'or>iini:t. The spe(;imens fnnn < Jrant (Jojinty,
N. Mex., referred to in the original descri]>tion of M. c. cHiolahrum are
undoubtedly true valiJhruiviiH, as are those tVom I>eath N'allcy referred
to this subspecies by Dr. Harrison Allen.
MYOTIS CALIFOUNICIIS MKXICANUS (SuuHHiiro).
18(i(). I'fKperlUio mericatniH SaiiHHiir-, KNniic ot May. <lo Zool., Hi* ser., XIl.p. 2S2.
|S«M;. l'in{)irlilio tniiiin M. AIUmi. I'riM;. Acail. Nat. Sri. I'liilii., |>. liSi' (Miratloi, M«x.).
Typo locality. — irnknown, but probably Vera (/ru/, Puebia, or
( )axaca.
<leo(jraphic distrihution. — Austral and Transition zones in central
and southern Mexico (iSan Luis I'otosi, Michoacan, and Oaxaca).
Limits of range not known.
(Ivuvral vharactcrx. — Slightly larger than typii^al Myotis vali/oniinis,
and averaging somewhat darker and yellower in color.
Earn, uii'mhranes, feet, ami fur. — As in typical valifoniicUH.
(Jolor. — Dull yell<»wish brown, .><lightly paler on the belly. Mem-
branes ami ears in dry skins blat-kish. Two in)mature specimens from
i:eyes,()axaca,areconsiderably darker than anyof the adults, but other
wise a series of thirteen skins shows vi'ry little individual variation.
Skull and tvrth. — As in typical raliforiiivus.
MeaHHtrnientx. — See table, page 74.
Spceimim examined. — Total number r»I, from the following localities:
Mit-lioiiran: r»t/.oiiiiro. It (SitkinH).
Onxaca: Ciiinttlaii, 1; Keyen, 5 (skins).
Sun Luis I'otoHi: linfienda La runiiln, \.
74
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Artrat/e meMHremenU of tubtpetHea of Mfioli$ califorHUm».
Kiil>Mpm-l«ii.
eaUfomiau*.
eiluitnbnim .
tnfjneanuji.
I^M'ality.
t i-a
('■llforiiln: Sani(nKit.S|iriiiKii if.fm {»0
IhMiih Viillxy Is I77. k':w. H
Arixonii: OracI*' 599
82 »9
U
llritialirolninhia: MiiNaett If
MitHM'tt !
KannMN : Ti«|{it ('oiliity j 191
'l'rt<K"('"*i"ty •'■ 8«t. 2:hi
MiuliiHicuii: I'atiu'iiaro ; 10 HI. MM
i i
B
S
til- %
(h H ^
5
U.2 5.4»l.a 4 |K8
1:1. i» ri.7:ii 4. i;s6.4
14.4 « :R! 4.2|57
14 I 7 !a2 5 Im
14.3; o.u
I'J.U o.»
14 ^tO
r.'.R K
i;i. H n. tiRi. I 4.:iM. ili:i.-/ ».:>
i."i
:i:i
« M 14 I I
14 11 0.8:12.8 .'i.4V>7 u.nio I
I. -J .vo;m. 1 4.4 00 u I ».o
8
8.3
7.1
H.8
H. ,%
'Ty|N-.
MYOTIS NKiRICANS (Miixiiiiilian^.
IH26. t'eaperlilio nigrifann "Soliinz, Tliiorreicli 11. s. w., It. I, p. 17!*" iMaxiiiiiliiin,
lleitriign /.nr NiitiirKeHcli. v. ItrosilitMi, II, p. 2<i(i.
1K78. Vrtptrtilio nigrivann DoIihoii, Cutitl. Cliiroptern Itrit. Miih., |t..'tn).
18iK). I'uipertilio Hiiiriiami H. Allen, MnnoKr. ItntH N. Am., p. !N].
Type hcality. — Kiuoiida de Xha, near tite Iritihii ItivtM*, southeiLstt^ii
Brazil.
fJeoffraphir tliHtrihution. — Tropical Ainerij'ta, imrth t«» fxtremo .sontli
orn Mexico (Clilapas). LiinitH of raiip- not known.
(irnet'ttl vhnravfvt'H, — About tlic hI/coI" typical Mifotiiivdii/orniciis, luit
with 8lii;litly larger foot and sniallor ears; fur on hack not distinctly
darker at base than at tip.
KarM. — The ears are slis[htly smaller than in M. cali/ornu'UM, but not
different in form.
MenihroneH. — As in }f. rnli/ornhuH.
Feet. — The feet are relatively larger than in ^f. (Yi/»/V)rMu'»/«, butsnntller
tlian |n M. yumamtmiH. ('alcar about as long as free border of uropa-
ttigiuni, terminating in a small but distinct lobe; keel obsolete.
Fur and coUtr. — Fur short, that on middle of bsick averaging a little
less than 6 mm. in length, nearly nnicolor on back but distinctly bicolor
on belly. Back clove brown (lighter than No. 2 on IM. II I of llidgway's
Nomenclature of Colors), the hairs Just perceptibly darker at base and
with glossy tips, which in ci^rtain lights produce a slightly grizzled
api)earance. Belly light broccoli brown, the basal half of the hairs
deep plumWons. Ears and membranes blackish in dry skins. A series
of ten skins from lluehuetan, Chiapas, shows no variation in color.
Skull. — The skull of Myoth n)V/nVa/<x (Hgs. lU* and iLVi) is slightly
smaller than that of M. mlifornivuH, and has a shorter rostrum and
less frontal concavity in the dorsal outline. The dilti^ren(;es are slight,
but very evident when scries are compared.
Teeth. — The teeth of Myoti» nigricam do not ditter appreciably from
tliose of M, mlifornicuH.
MYOTIS HUHULATirS.
75
Meaaurrnientn.--T\n* avcragu ineiuiiiremuiitH of 10 s\H'v'iu\tMs o( Myotiii
u'ujricanH fruiii lluuhiietau, Cliiupas are given in the following table:
Arrratjv HieaaiirtmeHli of 10 HjHfimettM of Myolin ni(i)i<ani.
l.iM'alit.v.
3 •
a
51 s
CliiiipaH, nnoliiiKtan j 109$
76.7
a
i
1
H
1
a
.a
H
|l
II
Width of
as
13.6
0.0
in. 5
4.4
w
1X7
N.«
H
A.6
Sprcimnut i:r»m'nu'.il. — TotuI nuuilM>r, .'ti; all from llnt^linutan, Cliia|taM
(altitndu alMMit MM fet't).
(inirral nmiarkK. — Mifotiit nujrivanH (litlers from .1/. vaHj'ornk'UH in
numoronH (characters, e.'ich of which is trivial in it>df bnt which with
the others ^'ous to nntke np a snm <|uitc dift'urcnt from that shown by
any other North American bat. The constani'y in eohn* of the 10 skins
l>y which this species is represented in the Hiological Snrvey collection
is very renuirkuble.
MYOTIS SnUTLATUS (Say). Siiyn Hiit.
|S2:^. f Ve»}i«rtilio Hiibuldluii Sny, Loiig'n Kxjtod. t<> Horky MtH., II, p. (V), footiioto
(ArkiiiiHnH Hivor, iicnr La .hiiitii, Coloradn).
\HM. t UMiwrtilio Kuhiilnliin II. Alien, MtinoKr N. Ain. Wtitu, |). 'il.
|n7x. 1'inpnliliit HtihulnluH Uolmiin, ('iitul. <'liin>|t(<-rii Itrit. Miih., ji. \\2\.
IS'KI. I eMprrlilio nrjiphiia var. (h). Nortlicni I'oriii of \'t»iifflilio urt/phini, li. Allen,
MunoKr. ItiitH X. .\ni., ]i. KO.
!S!)7. f'iMitrrtilio griiplnin var. Heitleulrionaliit TriiiieHfliirt, Ciitnl. Mniuiii. t. Viviait. q.
F08H., p. Kit. (Only nnnio nniloiil)t«>illy liiiHoil <in thin nninial. )
Type loniiUtf. — Arkansas Itiver, near La tlnnta, (/olorado.
(ivnyraphical tiistrihiitioii. — North America east of the Rocky Moun-
tains.
(hneral clmrncterH. — Size medium; length SO to \H\; forearm 34 to
.57. (Jalcar slender, sli<jhtly longer than free b«»rder of uropatagium,
terminating indistinctly or with a slightly developed lobule; ke<'l rudi-
mentsiry or ab.sent. Free border of uropatagium naked. Kars hmg,
reaching 2 t4> a mm. beyond tip of no.se. VVings from b.'^.sc of toes.
Hars. — The ears (fig. l.'Wj) are long and slender, re.udiing when laid
forward, 2 to Tt mm. beyond tip of nose. Anterior binder straight from
liasc to near middle, then for a varying distance moderately ccmvex,
tinally straight to narrowly rounded oH' tip. Posterior border concave
from point immediately below tip to about middle, where it becomes
convex and continues so to basal notch. Itasal notch strongly nnirked,
isolating a narrow iind very conspicuous lobe.
Tragus slender, straight, or slightly bent backward. Anterior bor-
der straight throughout or slightly convex near tip. Posterior border
straight or evenly and slightly concave from tip to widest |Hiint, which
is opi>osite or slightly above level of anterior base. Basal lobe small,
76
NORTH AMKRICAN FAUNA.
width of tragus through lobe always much Ichh tliaii width nt baNO of
anterior edge.
MembraneH. — The membranes are thin and trauHluccnt, nal(ed except
for a narrow line close to the binly. On the uropataginm the furred
region occupies the basal fourth dorsally, rather less vcntrally, other-
wise the mendtrane is naked except for scatteretl hairs along the veins.
Wings from base of toes.
Feet. — The foot is moderately large, abtuit half as long as tibia. Toes
longer than stde, united by nuunbrane at base to a little b<>youd middle
of proximal ]dialang(>s, and sprinkled with coarse hairs on dorsal sur
face. Oalcar slemler, equal to or slightly longer than free ed};e of inter-
femoral membrane, terminating indistinctly or with an ill-detlned lobe.
Keel rutlimeritary or absent.
Fur and mhr. — The fur is full and soft, but shows no peeuliarities
in distribution. In color it apparently does not ditl'cr from typical M.
hmfnguH; but t04» few skins are now available to determine the limits
of variation.
(SAu//.— The skull of Mjioih Huhulatus resembles that of M.emtiH so
closely that it is imimssible to distinguish with certainty between the
two. In M. Huhulatitx the skull is very slightly smaller, but the differ-
ence is trifling and intangible. The skull of M. HubuUUvH docs not
closely resemble that of M. lunfugns.
Teeth. — The teeth of Myotis Huhiilotwt (fig. 15 h) agree in form aiid
relative si/.e with those of M. emtis, and I am unable to find any dlfi'er-
ei es by which to separate them. They ditfer, however, in many
details from the teeth of M. Iuri/iu/un.
MeuHuremeniH. — See table on page 77.
Speeimenn ex«/M/mv/.— Total number 5.'{, from tiie following loiialities:
Albfli-tn: Near Kod Dwm-, I (skin, Millnrroll.)-
IllinoiH: (.'liicitfro, I.
Indiuiin: ltro<>kvill«% I; \Vlii>iitliiiul, I.
Kuut.iicky: Kiihaiiks, 2.
Maine: Kastport, 2.
MaiylaiKl: ForoHt (ileii, MnntKoinnry County, 2 (Miller coll.).
MaHWiclinwtts: WuotlH Hole, 1.
MiiiiD-Hotn: KIk River, 2.
MisHOiiri: Marble Cnve, 9.
New York: llainmondvillt', 12 (Merriam coll.); Hemlock Lake, I; HiKhlaiid
FuIIh, I ; iiake (ieur);e, H; reterltoro, 2 (Miller roll.).
Ontario: Mount ForeHt, 1 (skin. Miller coll.); North Hay, I (Miller coll.).
I'ennHylvania: Meadville, 1.
Quebec: Gmlbout, 1 (Merriam coll.); Ottawa, 3 (.Merriam coll.).
TeunoHftee: I(«>llamy8 Cave, 1.
Virginia: Alexandria, 1.
Weat Virginia: Aurora, 2 (Merriam coll.).
Wiaconnin: Uayfield, 1.
Oeneral remarks. — Myotis Huhulatun may lie distingnished from M.
lumfugus^ the only s|M;cies with which it is likely to be <»nfused, by its
narrower skull, longer ears, and longer, more shai'ply pointed tragus.
MYOTI8 EVOTI8.
77
MYOTIH Hl'ltl'LATl'iS KKKNll (M«>rriiiiii).
IMt'i. I'etperliliu »iilmliilu>i keeuii Merriaiii, Aiiicrii-iin NiiluruliHt, WIX, p. >*HU, Hflji-
teiiilx-r I, IM!>ri.
7'i//M' Imality. — MtiHsett, QiU'Oii Clmrlotte Islands, British Columbin.
Type ill U. iS. Niitioiial Musimiiii (lliolugical Survey collection). Adult
? , No. 7J92L> (ill altoliol).
(itoyraphic tlintr Unit ion. — Mifotix mibulatiiH krniii is at present known
iVoni the type locality only. It doubtleHs occurs tlii'oii;;hout most of
the humid northwest coast district.
(irnvral charm-iers -About i lie size of typical Myotin HuhulntUH, but
with longer tiiil and t .irs; color much darker than in true nubulatun.
Karn. — The ears of M. Hithulntm hruii (llg. l.'i /*) average distinctly
huiger than those of typical «>r/^H/f(//f.<( from the eastern Tnited States,
but do not ditl'er in form.
Fur ami mlor. — The fur appears t<» bo longer than in true ^vbttUttUM^
and considerably darker in color, but with alcoholic Hpecimens only for
comparison it is impossible to determine the degree of ditlerence
between the two forms. Membranes and ears blackish.
MinHurrmvntH. — See table below.
SpeviiHcnH ej-amineH. — Total number ."5, all from the type locality.
(UwralremarkH. — Myotis Hi(bulatmkrriiii is a well-marked rsice, char-
acterized, like the other bats of the humid northwest coast district, by
darkness of color. In addition to its color ditVeieiices it has hmgerears
than its eastern representative, in this respect showing much the saiue
variation as M. Uwifiiym alascenaix.
Meaiuremvntii of Hubxpevica of Myolia $ubHlaiuit.
Siilmptfieit.
a = q
Urn'-
\i 4
tiibtitatut New York : llHiiini<>ii<lvillr In 85. G 38. 8 17. 2 7. 6 :tr>. 7 8. .1 61 Ifl. 3 lU. 'i !•. T
IJiielHt: liiHllNMil :; ' ,• «l) 3«. H IB. 4 7..'>;(3. 8 fl. 5 .'W !.'•.« '.». 8 I
I
! MiiuMiiiri; Marl.U'Ciivo H 85. 3:«. ."i 17, 1 « 39.3 6.'i flllll.7l0.7 » :
ktenii , Itritiiili <'oliiiiil>i»: MimHCtt I ,' > Mtl 41 Hi 4 B.xno li 6017.411 !« •'•
MiiHHOIt J3 ,84. 3;4U. 6,10. 3; 8.3,35. 3, I) , 58 ,17. 8 lU. H, U. «
I
MYOTIS KVOTia (H. Allou). Long-eare.l Hiit.
IMVI. ratpfrHlio ernti$ II. Allen, MonoKf. Bnta N. Am., ]t. ts.
1S78. Feapertilio erotit Dobitou, Catal. Chiroptxtra Itrit. MiiB., p. 324.
1803. VeBpertilio albmcena erotit H. Allen, Moiio^r. N. Am. Uata, p. K9.
1896. re$ptrtilio tOtryaonotHs .1 . A. Allen, Hnll. Am. Miih. Nat. Hist., VIII, p. 240, No-
yember 21, 18il6. Kinney Kauch, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.
Type localitjf. — Not stated, and no type designated. In the original
description siiecimens are mentioned from the upiier Missoari River,
78
NOKTII AMKKICAN FAUNA.
fill
aud tliu I'iuailc uotiHt rroiii l*ii|;«t SimiikI to rti|ie St. KiiniH. MontiMvy,
Cal.(oiie uf the lociUitioM given), iiiuy be Holcctetl an tliu ty|H) lociility.
Geographic (liHtrihuiion. — AiiHtml iumI Traiisitinn /.ones t'roiii I ho
Paciflc (Joa.Ht t<» the eaMteni utlgu of the Itocky MoiiutuiiiH; Houth to
Vera Crust.
i^aienil ehanu-terH. — Size large; length HTt to 1>2; foreurni 3«» to l.'i.
Calciir longer than free iNinler of uro|Hitagiiun, Nlender, diHtinet, and
with a >nore or leiM well-d('velo|ied lolmle at the tip. Vnw binder ol'
UMpatagiuiiii naked or very indiHtinetly uiliati\ KarH very long, reaeh-
ing 7 to 10 mm. beyond tip of iiotte. Wing frtnn luiHe of toes.
KarH. — TheearH (IM. I, tig. (i)are long and slender; laid forward they
reach voii8iderably (7 to lOmm.) beyond tip of nose. Anterior bonier
of auricle regularly convex from base to a point slightly beyond mid-
dle, thence straight or nearly so to the tip. Posterior lH>rder slightly
ctmcuve immiMliately below tip «»f ear, then gradually and nuNlerately
convex to base. Masai lobe strongly develofied, and notched on the
lower border. The auricle is usually niarke<l with three or four diHtiiict
crosH ridges.
Tragus long, slender, and pointed. The iuiterior border straight or
slightly concave from base to about mid height, then moderately coti-
vex, the terminal third or fourth usually straight. Posterior Ixuder
with a small but distinet lobe at base. Above this lobe the nmrgin
bends abruptly outward for a varying distance, sometimes fornnng a
sharp and conspieuous angle with the h>\ver end of the concavity which
extends downward from the tip of the tragus, in other cases separated
from the latter by a region of varying extent in which the posterior and
anterior borders are parallel. These variations bring about striking
contrasts in the form of the lower part of the tragus in ditferent indi-
viduals, and suggest the existence of more than one species or race.
Specimens from approximately the same region, however, show both
extremes and intermediate conditions.
Membraneit. — The membranes are thin and light. I ^ropatagiuiu hairy
on bas:)] tlfth, otherwise naked ex<-ept for a few hairs along the nerves
and on the free border. Wing from base of toes (PI. II, tigs, li and 4).
Feet. — The feet are UKHlerately large, slightly less than half as long
as tibia>. Toes (without claws) distinctly longer than sole and united
by membrane through basal third of proxiuuil phalanges. Whole dor-
sal surface of foot sprinkled with stitl' hairs. Calcar distinct, equal to
or longer than free Irarder of uropatagium, terminating in a lobule of
varying distinctness. Posterior border never distinctly keeled.
Fur and color. — The fur is full, soft, and not peculiar in distribution.
It is light yellowish brown, paler ventrally, the hairs everywhere dusky
slate at base. The absence of a series of skins of this bat makes it
impossible to describe the color accurately or compare it in detail with
that of its allies, M. thyHanoile» and M. Mubulatux. A skin from Shuswap,
British Columbia, has the fur of the ba<:k dull, pale raw umber, the
tl
tk
bl
th
Ih
N«
ev
1IYOTI8 KVOTIR.
79
(limky buHUH of tliu liiiiiH Hliov'iii|r tliioiigli tiloiiK the HidoH. Tii« lielly
is light bro4MM>li brown. In trout of the shoulder uiid jiiHt below it in
» Hinull tttwiiy olive uresi which coiitrttMtH Htroiigly wiih the «'4>Ior of the
U'lly. Ill iiiiother H|MX'iiiieti (No. 1382, colltrtioii of Dr. C. Hurt Mer-
riiiiii, Hull Heriiiirdiiio MoiiiituiiiH, Califoriiiu, August 14, 1885, K.
Steplu'UH) flu) eolor is Miniihir but u shiide paler iiiul yellower through-
out, the durk IttiseMof the liairH nowhere showing through. Nodurk
K.hade ill front of shoiihler. This H|M'ciiiieii is praeliailly uidiHtinguish
iible ill (;olor from the palest e.\uinple8 of M. thynnmnttf, but the fur is
iMiich darker at base and the general color i8 slightly clearer yellow,
with the tips of the hairs more gloHsy. Other skins are duller aud
less yeMow.
Skull. — The skull of Mifolin erotin eipials that of M. tkynanoiU'H in
length and mastoid bremlth, but is narrower across zygomata and has
the occiput less elevated. The occipital outline is rounded as in M.
thf/HH iioileM^ and the occipital crest i8 very slightly develo|M'd. Fore-
head rising above the inu/xie grsMlually, in this reM|)ect also resem-
bling .1/. IhyntimuivH. KoHtrum more slender than in M. reli/tr or M.
thi/HawnliH. Pterygoids and posterior part of palatines as in M.
thtiHtinoiU'H.
The skull of Myntin erolin is easily distinguishe<l from that of all other
North American species except ^1/. Mulmlntus. From the latter, how-
ever, it dirters merely in very slightly larger size.
TiTth. — 111 dental characters Myotin erotin dtmn not difl'er esHentially
from M. Ihynamnk'H. The premolars apparently show less teiideucy to
crowding, but 1 can tiiid no tangible ditference in form or relative size
(Hg. l'> c).
MeasnrementH. — The measurements of 8 spocimeiis of Myotin emii»
from eight hicsilities are given in the following table:
MvanHtttHVHU of S apecimtttn of iljfolit vvotUfrom 8 loi-alilie».
1
s
1
i
LiNulHy.
1
85
I
41
1
H
10
1
8
1
^
d
H
64
§3
S
10.4
"s
M
3
is
11.8
1
H
XViijitiiiiffliiii ' KiihIoii
36
7
10. a
W.voniiiit;: Ki'iiirj- Kjincli
Califurnia: Iii.vn MuuiitaiiiH ..
9'
18
8.0
40
7
80
43
W
:i8
8
63
33
14.6
n
Ow«u8 I^ikv
V
ai
43
17. fl
38
6.4
63
33
13. t
13.4
Sail Joa<|iiiii Klver
■ f
02
43
1»
38
6
62
22
13.6
13
Twin OukH
9
9
w
8S
42
4U
18. S
18
7.8
37
36.6
6.4
7
z
63
31
23
13
14.6
11
Ni'voilit ! I'lihntnaK*^ Valley . . .
13
d'
01
43
20
40.4
6
67
30
30
U
11
■Tyiie of Vr»iM>rtiUtt ekryion'^tu* J. A. AUttn.
80
NoliTII AMKRICAN FA( NA.
i
SiHriweH-i ijnmineti. — Totiil iniiiibur 3'J, troiii tlii^ rollowiii|>: locsilitieH:
Ari/.oiiit: Cliiricnliiiu VnMiiitaiiiN, t (Hkiii, Am. Mim Nsit. lliMt.); Sun l''ruiiriH(ru
Moiiiitiiiti, I ; SjiriiiK'irvillf, 'J (itkiiiH); Whit*- M>tuiit»iiiH, J (HkiiiH, Am. .Miik.
Nat. IliHt.).
llritiHli (!iiliiiiil>iii: SliiiNwap, I (Hkiii).
CaliriMiiia: Ihil/iiru, :t d' HkiiiH, .Milli-r <iill., I. Am. M'ih. Nat. IliHt.); Inyo
M<>:iiititiiiH, I; Owimik l.:tk<-, t: S:iii Iti'tuarili'io MoiiiiiaiiiH, I (Mkiii. Mi-ninin
coll.); North l-'<irk S.m .liiiti|iiiii Kivor, 1; Twin OukH, Sun l>i)-;;o County, 1.
('Iiiliiiiilinit: Stth l.iiiM MiM., I iHkin)
Coliirulo: |jOv«-lanil. I ('.'HkiuH. .Millt'i roll. ).
MtMitana: Hot S)irin<;H, I.
Nevaila : <'oltonwoo<l K'an;jiv I; I'aliranaKat N'alloy. !•
Now M«-\i<'(i: \'i>riiM-io liiviT, I (skini.
Orut;oii: lUim ('r<t'k, I; lla»".,<.y, 1; 'I'muIvu .Mil*- CrtM)k, I.
Vera Vrnr.: l'»!rot« , I.
Wniibinutitii : KumIoii, I; rolvillt-, I.
Wyoming: Kill! I akud-a-HtoT I''ioiim>iiI I't-ak), 1; Kiniirv Itaiirh, SwtHttwutvr
Coiiii'y, I (Hkin, .Viii. Miis. .Nat. IliMt.. tv|i« of I', ihrnmiuohix .1. A. .MIimi).
itfnrral mmnkit. — Mifntis rmtiit i.s so totally ilistiiirt tVoiii all oIIht
bat < ovciiri'iii^ in Mr\i<-o or tlic I'liitnl tSla'rs that no (Ictiiilcd roiii
IMir'Koii with any is nccdni. Thr only .s|i<>ric.s with \^ hicli it coulil li»
t'oiilit.U'tl an^ .1/, tliifxamulrn ami M. siihiilatiifi. Thr cars, ho\v«'V<^r, ;\vv
iiiii«;h lar^'T than in cithrro)' thrtu', anil the I'lrr loi'dci' of the nropala-
Kiniii IH iiit>v4>r (h'lisi'ly liairtMl, as in .1/. tlii/stiinnhs,
Tiir<Mi);h thu kiiulin-ss rl' Dr. .1. A. .Mlvn, I have li«>l°orr nn- the typu
of VeMinrlUio vhrifMonotiiM i'litiu Kinn^'y Itanch, Wyuniint;. I am nnahU^
to iinii that it liitl'crs in any way O'oin MifoUx i-ruth. The tail is iiinti
latiMl so that it i;ivi's no chai. ters. The forearhi i. only 2 mm. lon;>e
than ill the largest rrntiM trom the dniteil Slates that I have seen, a
(litlerenct^ Um tKvial to he taken into a<-eonnt. In eolor the ty|)e of
rhrifHOHolHK is a barely |»ei-ce|»tilile shaue yellower tinin skins of vrolin
from tiie 8aii ltern:ir(lino Mountains, ralil'ornia. anil Venncjo K'iver,
New Mexieo, but the ililfereiiee is wholly ineonsei|nentia!.
MYliTIS IIIV.xAMtKKS k|.. sn.v . rrii'i;(il Hal.
ISHl. I eninrlilio iilhiMieiti n liirr (suritity) II. Alh'ii, .Mi>iio(;r. llatH N. Am., |i.!t:i. Dtil
/lira, I 'alit'oriiiii.
ISSO. \'e*iHrtUio iilhrHiriiH *(,.;(« ||. .Mli-ii, .MoiioKr. llatM N. Am., p. tNMparl, H|i*'i'im<-ii
No. •JIW'JV, from olii l-'iiri 'rfjuii. ralirorniii).
TifiM from itM lorl IVion, I ujiritrnia. Aiiiilt V (in itlfoholi. No. '.ttS'.'T, I'. S.
Naliuiiul .MiiNoiim i Itiolo^jt ^ij .Siirviy lolliMtiou). ColiucttMl July 5, iSitl, liy T. ^j.
I'aiiiier. OriKinitl nnnilxT, '.' >.'>.
'Heof/ra/thir dintrihiitioH. — liower Honoran zone from near the soiith(>rii
lH>rderof the West4M-n (Jiiitcnl Stat<>s to San Knis I'otosi anil Mii;hoac.i;n.
(iemral rhnractt'rM.— Jii si/.e nearly ei|ual to Miiniis rclifcr. liiMi^th,
H.*) Ut*Xt; forearm, 10 to 4(». Calear thick and distinet, nsiiatly ternn'-
mitint; in a well marked pointed projeetioii. Kree border of iiropata-
^iiiii thiekeiied and deii.sely haired. Kars moderately Untf^; laid for.
ward they reach li in ."» min.lH>y<Hid nostril. Wiii^s from poi'il between
sMikle and ba^e of toes, lutt nearer latter.
MYOTI8 TIIYHANOD :8.
81
I'lani. — Th«> eaiH (PI. I, li^. 5) arc iiiodcraiely loiiji; and ohtiiNcly
poiiitiMl; h\'n\ ibrwanl tlioy rciu'li li to ') inm. beyoinl Mio tip uf'tliu iiost;.
Anterior bi»nIoi-ot'anricU^ stiaiuiit or sii;{iitlyconvvx tlirongh basal half,
then more convex for a siiort ilistance, after wliich it in nearly Htrai};ht
to tlie ronndcd tip; posterior bonier at tirst straight or Hiightly eua-
rave, sloping rapidly backward to the widest pointat about niid-licight,
below which the border becomes convex and continues ';o to the well-
marked basal notch. Ilasal lobe distinct and moderately large.
TraguH long and slender, tin; anterior border straight or slightly con-
cave at base, then straight or slightly cj»uv'.;x to near the tip, just below
which the border . ' always convex. I'osteriijr border with a well-
developed lobe at base, widest |>art of tragus through this lobe or
immediately above it. A more or less <Ieveloped notch above the lobe.
Ilcyond this notch the border is at tirst stiongly corvcx, then slightly
roncave below the tip, which is thus always bent bai k'.vard. i'osterior
border indistinctly crenulate.
Mi-inhriiiteH. — The nuMnbranes are moderately thick aiid dark colored.
I'ropatagiuiti noticeably more leathery than wing membranes, distinctly
thickened at free edge, sparsely haired on proximal fourth Ixtth above
and behiw, the rest of the membrane with a few scai>tered hairs, whi<di
liecome more abundant toward the free l>order, where they form a con-
spicuous fringe both aituve and below (I'l. il, lig. i)). Wing from side
of f(N>t, Just below base ot toes.
hWt. — Feet (I'l. II, tig. r>) largit and strong, half as long as tibia*.
TiH's (without claws) slightly longer than sole, scarcely nnit<Ml by mem-
brane at extreme base; all sparsely haired. <'alcar distinct and thick,
eonsj<lerably huiger than free border of i;:UM'femoral membrane, t".rmi-
riiiting distinctly, but usually without well developed loinile.
Fin- and color. — There is nothing peculiar in the distribution of tin)
lurin this species, except the thickly haired border <if tin' niopatagium.
In color the fur is everywhere light, dull, yellowish brown, distiin-tly
paler ventrally, the ' >i."H every\^'MMe dusky slate at base. The color
is subje(;t to consiilerable imiivitlii.il variation in shade. The palest
specinu'nsare yellowish w(,od lu'own inclining to clay color; the darkfist
specimens dull raw undjcr. The belly varies from clear gray scarcely
tinged with yellow to a strong yellowish gray, and in other specimens to
ilnll brownish gray. The exact :dnides are very vaiialile and impossible
In describe accurately.
Skull. — Skull (tig. II />, ami lig. 12 h) large, exactly the same si/e a.H
that of .1/. '•eli/tfy but more lightly built. Hrain ease oval in outlisie,
iilirnptly rounded posteriorly, oc<'ipitiJ regi«)n inflated and lacking well-
lorMcd ridges. Forehead moderately i'levated above nniz/.le. Distance
Irom posterior border of last upper molar to tip of haninlar greater
than width between alveoli of pos':erior molars.
Although the skull of this species and that of M. lulifW are eipnil in
si/.e, that of the fornu'r is easily dii^tlnguished by its more inflated brain
2772— No. J3 (}
82
NORTH AMERICAN FAITNA.
I
!
i
I;
i
Fki. 10. — Ma\ill«r)- Iwlh nf four »|i«Ti-
IIK'IIH l>l M'I'ttis iklftMlninlfy. hIiiiWJUC ill-
tliviiliiiil variutiMii in lonii ^iiiil p<Mitiiiii
\l
cast', fiirelicml more itbrnptly elevated above iim//le and rouniler less
augnlar oeeipnt. When viewed from above, tlie |H>8tei-ior margin of
tlie brain case is rounded in .1/. tlntsamnleH, truncate in M. rtli/cr. When
viewed from beliind. the brain cane in M. thtfmiunU-H '\» broatler in pn*-
I»ortion to its hei;i;ht than in M. reli/er and hu-ks the conspicuous
occipitsil crest of the hitter. The jjosterior part of the pahite. fmmihe
last niohirs to tiie ti[>s of the iiainuhu's, i» Hliorter in pro|N>rtioii to
the distance between the hinderniost
niohirs in .1/. rcli/n- than in .V. thyttaHotUx.
Tcvth. — I'pper incisors diverging at the
tips. First and second upper premohirs
very variabU> in rehitive |Mtsition and
Kize. The lirst is always much longer
than the secon<l and has tlic crown at
least one-fourth larger in cross section.
Tlie cross section of the lirsf may, how-
ever, be nearly twice that of the sti-ond.
In some specimens these two small pre-
molars are perfectly in the line of the
t<M»th i"ow, the first in contact with the
ot im-nioiaro: « i>i>.'< iiii.-n fr..in i'iit/<ii caniuc, the sccouil touclilng tlie IJrst, but
Hernia I... r«r,.u.Saui...i.i'o..Mi, 5,, s^'piuated troiu the thud by a distinct
space. In others tiie second premolar
while i>erf«'ctly in line is in contact with the third as well as with the
first, itarely the sect>nd premolar lies slightly external to the t«M»th
row, while very <'ommonly it is displaced to a varying degree inward.
so much so in some cases as to be almost hidden from the outer siile by
the clos*' approximation of the first prcmidar and the anterior edge of
the third. These variations are independent of age and sex. The
extremes with intermediates of all degrees occur among a do/en of tli«"
females collected by Mr. Nelson at Hacienda La i'arada, San Luis
Pot«)si, Augu.st U», 1892: while specimens with teeth much woru vr
wlndly niiworn may have the premolars in-
ditterently ;:reatly crowded and disjtlaced or
wholly in the tiMitli row (tig. lo </. tig. 1(1, and
tig. 17.)
Third premolar triangular in outline, the
outer iNUtler abruptly convex in front, and
e«|ual to|n»sterior btuder: antirior and poste-
rior lionlers concave: iiincr apc\ rounded, not extciulinj: back to level
of inner margins of molars. First and second molars trape/iform. the an
terior etlge hf»gcst, the iM»ste»i«>r outer and inner margins successively
shot ter. Anterior border straight to near inner edge where it is !»ent
abruptly backward, posterior border very slightly coin-ave. First
molar shorter and broader thau second, and with anterior border nearly
straight.
Kill. 17.- Almomial pmiioUr irf
Miiiilit ttii4'aiiinlf*(Sv. ySSi^t ■
criiu II . />. nidi- 1 ■ 201
levfl
the an
ivi'Iy
l>eiit
First
MYOTl« TIlYt^ANODK.S. 88
(central lower iucisors with crowns r*>iii|>resst'(l anil trUid, the next
pair simihir but hirger. the outer incisors Htill hir};<'i- and with ipiwuH
imliHtinetly terete and <|iiadrituber(Mihite. Kirnt and second nianiUbu-
hu- premolars variable iu {xisitioii and in relative si/e, the tirst always
the larger. The se<'ond is shorter than the llrst, but in some specimens
its crowu has a cross section nearly c<|ual to that of the latter. The
tirst is always in <-nntact with the canine and usually with the seisoiid
l»remolar also, but may be separated from the latter by a narrow spai'e.
The second preniohir is either wholly in the line of the tooth row and
not touching the third, in line and touching the latter, or more or less
displacetl iuwaril. Third premolar tra[>exil'o:ni, slightly broader thau
long.
In dentition Miioiis i/ii/Kan»nh'.t shows many points of dittereuce from
.1/. nli/f. On«» of the most striking of these is the great variability
in the si/e and pssition of the tirst and second np[>er ])remolars (tigs.
H» and 17>, which ir. M. rtlifrr are comparatively constant. Other dif-
ferences may be s<-en in the form of the third upper and third lower
premolars. The cr<»wns of the upper molars are proportionally broader
in I/. I'tli/rr than in .1/. thiiHunniftx.
MtUMurrmentH. — Average measurements of 'S,\ specimens of Mifotis
thyx(iHO(>.e»t from four lo'„alitius are given in the following table:
':'fr<i9<' meaHHtrwtrHtt of .'J tpteimeim u/ Hgolis UtijHanuiUafrom 4 lovalititt.
"I « I ' . '^ - I I
■^r - - .2 .J i: § «•' i- i i
>; 'i----*U.HJw fir*
Culifnrnia (H<l Kort TiJMD • I mT M IH h i) tt li'j \* 12 i II
old Korl Tijon 10 «7 .!7 17.6 H W.i Oil 69.2 17. fl 11.8 In. 5
Mi. iHai'iiii I'iil/niaru i iW :i: KI." H.9 iX.x 0.7 71.5 18.;i II. U ' lO.H
Miil.iiiiil'i>t«M.i: Uilii.l^tl>)irii<la I<) W.I M.» IM 8.U 4.!. 7 tl. 7 73.6 18.6 IS..' IU.3
'Tvpe.
SiH'vinuitH I'xamineil. — Ti>tal numlter ii!^, Irom the follosving localities:
(.'alifuiniii: liiil/.iiru, 1 (itkiii. Milli-r cull, i: nlil I'oi t I'l-Jou, 10.
Chiliiialiuit: KiiHt siile .'^iii I.iiiit MoiintiiiiiH, J (Hkiii.s),
s.'iii l.iiis Piiiosi : llacitMiilii I.. I rata.la.tU (•> Nkiiis).
.MirlKiaciiii : I'at/i'iiuro, .'i (:.' Hkiii"!.
.liiliHcii: I.a l^iiKiiiiii. sieir:iit< luauui-:ttluii, I iskiiii; sivrru Nt'vatlu <U' Cohnia,
1 (akin, Am. Mum. Nat. Hist.;.
(irncrttl rnnnrkH. — Mt/otiit thifsamnhit needs no close comparison with
any other species oi-curriiig in .Mexico or the I'liited States. Its large
si/e separates it from all others but )/. itli/tr, while from the latter the
• iliated free border of the ur«>patagium, peculiar thickened calear,
larger ears and paler -oior together with the cranial and dental
•-hraacU'rs readily distinguish it.
84
NOKTII AMKKICAN FAUNA.
Ill certuiii resiiectM M. Ikt/tanoile* re«ieiiil>les M. crotU. Tlie color is
very much the same, white the »irs in tlicse two HpccicH reach their
uiaxinium <levelo|)ineiit auioii^; the siieciesof this genua found in Xorth
America. The tree IjohUt of the iuterfcnioral nienibrane in M. etnth
shows a slight tendency to the filiation so i*^>nspicuous in M. thifHunodeti.
Myot'iH erotitt is, however, a smaller animal and has ears |)ro{)ortionally
longer than in .1/. thymiHwIe*, while the free border of the interfemoral
mend)rane is never distinctly ciliate.
That this species is the sstme Sku the 8outh American Mtfotitt albenceHS
is exceedingly unlikely. Dobson. who \\.\a seen the type of the latter,
gives for it the foilowiug chaincters, whii-li do not in the least apply to
the ])resent species: ^'Kars shorti'r than the head; laid forward, the
tips do not reach to thr end of the Muzzie; calcaneum feeble, tenuina
tion indistinct; alK>ve dark brown." Mon.'over, Mr. Oldtield Thomas,
who has (compared specimens of Mtioli« iht/HanoileM with the alhexveuH in
the British Museum, writes me that the two do not in the letist resem-
bSe each other, and that .1/, «//>< jm<ii.» is allied rather to .1/. rilij'vr. For
further discussion of the ipiesiion, see under the lattiM- 8)>ecie8.
In Dr. Harrison Allen's re4"ent monograph (p. {).'$) a specimen of this
species in my collection, taken at Dniznr.i, | misspelled l)alyiua|, Oal.,
is rcj'ordcd as a variety of • I', nlbrnnnn rdij'ir.' A »pc<inicn from Old
Fort Tejon, Calilornia. in tise liioii>g(t-:d .Survey cjillection, is lalu'lcd by
])r. Allen » V.siihithituM,' while lirteen others of the same 8p«'i'i<*s from the
sanu' hn-ality are marked • V. «T^llw«r» ««.».' One of the latter (No. 2!»8L'7),
however, is reconle<l as ' I'. allttitciHs trotin'' (p. 110).
Dr. T. S. I'almer has kindly fnri.ishe«l me with the following account
of the t'olony from which the tyjie of Myoliit thymmiil<x was taken:
III Jiilv, |M1»1. wliili) oiif of ih« j>9iitie* «f lJi»- l»e!ith \ utley Kxpeiiitioii was lollect-
iii)f at (Hil Koi't 'I'fjoD, <'altli*riiii». svvcrsl s{M-<-iee 4)f hnin worn kIimi'I'slmI. TIiu iiirjst
alMinilaiii wasasinall (>'ij(rr/«7if>[^ Vjr*fwj. irhi<-ti roiihl l>i;s< ni .ti liusk tfvitt); alinii!
till- oak ti'ufjM K(>:ii tlir oM iiarracks in ^<'ait nuiiilivrH. and paKMiii); in iinil tint of the
riiiiioit iMiililiii^TK. A liHi^ Iwo-siury ailoiM- hiiitilinc. witli the roof Nlill iiituct. Ht>enieil
to l'«^ f ln' c^Mitfr ol'.ittnia'tioti. aiul alwHit »ni<«l"nTv Ik»»» i-onlil Im» Hcfti Htrouniiii^ foitli
from II wiiiilow in one ii' (hit gAbU-^. On Uie inonsitit; •>(' ,\n\\ '> an evaniiiialioii waH
niiMln of tlio attieof tlii> lnilMin;: »n«l tlie bat« ui-ne iViiiihI eliii^iiiK to tlinridgi'polt'
Hiiil (III- rafti'iH, iit«*ia'h \*y tlion!«.iEi<ls. IikIi-. itinain <■(' itil u^f' frotii rct-oiilly iMirn
yoiiii^ toitilnltN, WHi'u lianjifiiiK ti>;;i-tbfr in hiinclu-HaN lii;: an ii l>iie*li<;l liattket, < HIiitm
foitii:lcncic ihiii'iit ill i-rarkHaiitlcrft )(-<-«. but vcr.v frw were ll,vin){ali<)ut. Kxideiitly
tlut colitiiy liatt o«')'njiie«l Iho attic fi>r o^ventl year**, lutX U watt t<Ki iIai k (u hiu \s Iictlier
tiiorc tiiaii ono n|i(><'i<*.-' s\nn \tri^vu%.
A Mink wiiH <':irriu<I aloii); iintl'i lUr rtdgvpohiaMil ii]pe<-iiii('nH Nwopt into it from .v-
era] of ttit- laruci' IiiiikIich. In thi.« WT«t aorp ttmn a );iiniticil ly,\t» wcii^ i'i)lIiM'((><l in
a f*>w niiiiiittn'. Ah siion a.-4 (liry tT<-rf <liMMsb«<i tla*y iilt«ro<l .» |«'(',iiliar Hi|U-)akiii^
notf ami lifw .ilioiit in i» roiifiif*-*! lujnnrr in tht-ir ci(To;-t9 to i-Htiip(<. 'I'lio nat-k wua
carrioit out under on<< of the oak tre<^ and th«- ie;MH-iiiu''ii.s ••xamiii«>d; Itil) ]iad Wtn'ii
enptiirt'il. and of »'ie»«« '.*.*» wi rr 5»rc*i^rT«">l ' and iIm> r«-maiiid«"i ullmvod (o I'Htu^w.
Hoiiif ol' tlij! liatH «liii'li lind lv»eti uiv«-ii their li!i«r(y att<<iu|)tc<l Ut ll\ liack to tlirir
retreat, iuit ila/ed liy tin- HouEiE^Ll ii^ik rrfnjtc in tlif Ihuik liu'i of Iho ncaroHt tree;
, 'Hixtecti proM't! to itv- .Utfittr* f4«K«««dk».- the nilici'^ wi'r^ .)/. i/umanvitHii.
I.AHIONYCTER18.
85
oth<'ii4 iiiwHe no ationipt t<» «»ca|»«', fxcei>t, U^ crawl u}i llu' truii!x« «>f the tr»w. win n'
thty i-(Mii:iii)*>cl until <iiii'k. Some of the yowti^ um-n Tuueil to tiii'! tbuir way liat'k to
tlie biiihliiig -iiitl reiuaiin'il ulioiit tin- Hput tor several i1»,vh.
•V.
I in
tkiii^
i ^^ as
tri'o;
Genus I-.ASIONYCTKRIS Filers.
jxftl. ScotophiliitU.XWi'n, MoKojrr. N, Am. Hftt«.i>.-'7( part. not. S<«(<J/»fc»7ip!Li'acb, 1821).
InS.": /.atunnicteiix IVtcrs, Moisatslii-r. K. Akad. S\ i«s.
iU'iliii, ji. t»-!M. 'r,v]i« I miHrlihii HitiiroffaHn
l.c Coi8t»'.
1,^70. <:nejthiiii>iihiliin Fit/iiH(«r, ^it7.(ln;iPbel•. K. Akt^l
WiNMOUMli., \Vi«Mi, 1,X[(, Adtli., 1, j>. X (part).
IKT'). yf$pcriili'ii ('(tms ill i'uii«M iiFid '^■a^•i•o^| n /ool«
"My '•* \Vh<«iiei'H Kx|sml., |>. K). 'J'ypti f're-
perlilio tfiir(»ratja\^Mi l.«' Ctxite.
187?<. letjuiH'joDnhnow, ( titul. Cluroptcrn i«ui. Miis.,
1». IKJ ;|mrt).
J8!e>, iM*ioii!ictiri» 11, AiJiii, Moiii.^r, Hats N. Am., p.
104.
■ iMxianticferis nocfiragans (l«
^^fi^^
PlO. 18, — Skull ol l.airiuuyetfrU no«-
(icojfraphic ilinh-ihidion. — Tut' range of the
«jtMiU8 l.asitntifctiris is (he aam<s us that of t'iu' typv and oiil,\ known
-jM'ries.
2-2 11 'J-2 lU)
fititeric thartuUvH. — 1 )eMtal foi niiiln • t, .. .j; c, . , ; pm. .. ., ; m, .. .. .'{6.
.Sknll (rtjj. l*^), lisitteno*] ; rostriiui MTy bnnul in inopo tioii to brain
ras<', strongly coiieavc on «-;n li siWc i>ia!k of tine nasa! apcrtuvr; d(»rsjil
pniiik* of skull iioiuly str.iinlit and slojiing };nidiially t'lnin extenial
iiarfs tooet^ipnt, which is scanvly aiijjular, and always \\ ithoat sajnit'ai
« it'st, Earsshort, nearly as broad as htnji; when laid fi*rward, r«'a<'hinjf
i»arely t« nostril; basa! lobe very largt*. 'S'ra;ius short, straij^flit and
bhintly rounded at ti}). vtidth much more than half h-ngth of anterior
niargin. i tack of in
ter femora) mem-
brane furred on basal
hiilf. Mamma-, '1.
AniohK tin .'vmcrj
can \ t'Mihriilioiiitltv
the genoK IjiiHiotiifo-
hrin is readily <lis}in-
;:uishe4i by its dental VMimnla, •ombined with its short, br<>ad ears,
iHoa^l trii};iis. and |>arti.dly i'u>'fi>:d uropatagiiim.
'I'he genus Luxinutfrtt-r » i^ iieeiilitu' to North Am<»ri<'a. wiiere it Ib
iei»r«setil«-d by one wididy dtstiibuted upeeies wh«»m5 eharaeters are
MMuarkably cousltiut thiuuishout its tangt*.
^^Y-^.
'^IJ^^^V^^
6>
r^:
..^.
v<iy"wyw\
tia
— Tr*tli •/ J.ati'myrWrU n tetii'ltihitt < Si.
86
NOUTII AMRKICAN KArNA.
LASIOXY( TKKIS NO( TIVA<JANS (LtMnntri. Silver hair. «! Hat.
If^l. I'etperlUio inMiiviinann I.eContf. McMnrtrirM Ciivii-r'a Animal Kin^doui, I. |t. 81,
June, IS31.
1X31. l'r»itertiliit aHihihoni lliirliin, Mniitlily AiM<>r. .Invini. (itHtl. nml Nat. liiMt., I. p.
21>0, I'l. 11. Novoiiilxi. IKit nMiiluililphiu. I'a. .
IKi'f. \'t»)>trtiHo iiulrrnilrnlnH ri-nuiiinck, MoiH>;;r. <!•■ .Maininalo{;i«-, II, ji. ;{2rt (.MIh-
Hiiiiri KiviT).
18fi4. SmtoitliihiK Moitiraiian^ H. Alli-n, Monnjjr. X. .\m. Bat», p. .'W.
IWkV. LuKumyvterit iiuttiruiiinix \\'{\'.n. Moiialalx-r. K. i'miiw. Aka<l. Wiiis., It«-rliii,
p. &t8.
1878. \'e»prrugo noclhagami Hohaon, Catal. Chiroplera Brit. Muh., p. iW.
l>4Ci. iMMionyvleriH novthaffan" II. Allen, Munocr. Hata N. Am., p. lU'i.
Tyitr UnaUty. — iCasU'ni rnited States.
Oeofiraphic ithtrihuthn. — ^'oI■tll Amerlra. from Atl.nntir to Paoitic;
proUiOily not brt^ediiig south of tlir Trail. -^ititm /oiir,
tinurtd charnvlers, — Sec generir (cJiaracttTs jyiviMi on |»ajrpH."».
Color. — The fur is ilcep, blackisli, chocolate brown thronghonr, many
of the hairrt on tlic back, bi-lly, and fnnt'd part of intcri'i'inoral mcni-
braiio tipi>ed witli Kilvcry wliitc. TIm> \vhit«' tips an* most niinuM-oiis
on iniddlv of back. Tiicy arc ab.scnt, <»t- lu'ariy .>i4<. from face, crown, and
throat.
Sktill and tnth. — Thi» cranial and dental characters of LaxloHyrtn-iH
HtM-tinifjaiHH have been snlliciently <lest!iil)cd in Ihe diafrnosi.s of the
geuus.
Mmntiri'iitenix. — The averajje measnrenieiits of I'l siHH'imens of hnni
OHjfrterix uovtinifiaiiM from ei^ht localities are given in the foHowing
table:
Areragr mecnufemtHlH of .7 njminnHM of LaHiontfrtni* mitrliruqam* from .v locaUtitg.
I.oraIiiv.
y.
Nfw Vork >iii|{Siiiij 10
Motilaita KlMthMid I.iikt' . . 'i , ,
rwl«r»<l«: Klflp I •
Nr««iU Ituilufr -'vV
orritiiii Kliiit MiiiiiiiMinit I ■'
Crt»>k*Hl KinT I •
BiKiii ::
HariMy. I 1 '
i
i
s
s
i
i
B
J.
s
c
1
r-
i
I
a
C
s
m
c
i
e
Kl.V M
4-.V 4
IT J
7.»
41.1
.V :
7 ■..4
1.'. »
14 1
6 7
KM &
41
1« •->
7. .'.
43
4.:".
75
I.V «
14.1
O.J
t»:
:w
1«
K
3»
4 «
»!'
J«
rj
6
y#.s
:ia. .•«
I«
.<4
40
&2
15 8
11. H
«
an
;«»
in
M
41
•
15.1
11
T, «
t»
41
iT
7
41 4
.S
16
12
l«i
4a
IB, .!
H
4a
4.S
Ifl
13.3
6.7
tM
44
13
«.«
41
•
!•
13
11
mtHH>'.min'nu'iL — Tot.ti niindwr lo."». from the followinjr hxralities:
Alt>erta. Il«'iiiy lloiiw L' (.skins i.
HritiNli ( 'oiiiiiilii.'i '. StiniiiH, 1 i skin. Miller eull. .
«'uliiorniii : Nevada ('it\, I; Nii'i>«iii. 'J.
4 oliintilit: Kilie. 1
MaHNaeliiiM'tiH N:intiieket. I: North rriini. ti )tkin>. Miller ewll.).
MimtAiia : FlailieiMl l.uke, 2.
PIPISTKELLirB.
87
NoliinHkii: l'l)ittt> li'iver. I.
Neviiilu : HadKi-r, 2.
Now York: Laki- (icor^e, ti ('.' Rkiiis); Li\v<l)>n, II; l.ocnitt (irove. t; l.,viiu^
FiiIIh, I ; Sing SiiiK, IT (2li yoiinc).
Nortli Carolina; Mnjjnftic City, 1 (Hkin).
OroKon: lieuvt^rton, I (8kin. Miller roll. ): hiiin Moiintainn, I ; ( roukod lii'/er,
1; KuNt ItHHe CiiHcadu Monntaiim. near Monut 'rhiolsini I (Hkini; KlKii). :<;
Harney, 1 ; Salem, 1.
Pennsylvania: Cailt8l)>, I.
Oenmil remnrkH. — LaxlotitfrfrriH mn'lirnijuuH is one i\i' tlu' most t'usily
rerogni/ed of North Ainerii'tiii bats. Its peculiar color alone is siitli-
cieiit todistingnisli it iVoni all others IoiiikI in the region where it uccurs.
Genus PIPISTRELLUS Koup.
Ii<2!l. I'ipMifUiiH Kanjt, skiz/iite i;ntwi<k.-(io.t<'li.,ii.NnHirI. Syst. <1. r.uio]>. Thifrw.,
Tli. I, |». its. ';'v|t»' I iH]H I tiliii jiii>iatrclliin Sriireher.
IMHit. I'l Hinriiijo KeymTling iV IUrti»in«, VVie;:»nann"» An-liiv t', Natnrjiescli., 'tier
.laliiK.. ltd. I, i>. MJ pnrt ).
isrm. S'aniiHiio Koienati, AllKf>ni. l>cntscli. Nntnrliist. Zeitg., Dn'sih-n, Nene Foljje
11, ll<l. Itii'-ITl'. l5i(K«'«l on iiuthiiHii, jiiitinlrrlliiit, anil kniilii.
IKTiti. Ilifpaiiijo Kolenati. .VIl};<'Hi- P<-ntw. li \ii»nilii''l. /eil;;., iMesflcn, Neni' I'nijje,
II, pp. 181, IliT-llit*. Inriihli-tl llii' sjM'i'ifM iiiiiiiiiiH anil knixi lniiiHiknivii.
IM]|, SroltipliilnH II. Allen. Mntiii;^r. .\. Atii. Itats, p. L'7 i part, iinl Sroli>iihiliiM I.eacli).
JSTs. reapeniijo I>olmon, Cntal. Cliiroptera Itrit. .Muh., p. ISII iparti.
ixiKf. I'espeniiio II. Allen. M<>n<>«r. Il:ij> \. Am., ji. 121.
Type ftpevit'H, — I'ljiistnlhiM pipistrcUiis (Si'lireher).
(ho<jrapliH- tlixtvihutitni of jirmix. — The greater part ol" tlu' K;ist<*rn
lii>niisphere,aiiil throiiifhoMf tliesoutheiii hitlt'of North Aiiierica. I^.xart
limits of distribution ii*>t Kiionvm.
ihnvriv fhniiU'ttrH.—\h-\\\i\\ formula :
.'{-;{ '
1-1
1-1
pin.
nt.
3-M
I.
Skull (lijis. 21 and L'L'i small and liirhtly built, varyinj; s«)h;e\vha( in form
anion;; the diU'en-nt spi-eies. Hrainea.se nsnall> more iictlateil than in
VtHpfriilio i\iu\ ljnsinni(rhti.s.\ui\ rostrum proportion:dly as liroad m in
these };enera. Kars iti^. L'Oi •li'^tinrtly htnger tiian Itrimd .ind taptTing
to a narrowly i-ounded tip. Trajjas straij^^lit <ii' slijjhtly rurxi'd lor
ward, itack of intfitenioiid memliran* sprinkled with luur on basul
iliird. Mamma-. '2.
ttrin'ffil t'cniiirkii. — The members itl the ;;('niis I'ipisttrlliiH may be
nM(»<:iiiy.ed by their (b-iital ibrmula an<l small .si/c. Tin' b;its of the
I'liiiopeaM ^ieiiiis. I'l< rifiiinhs I'trritffixtfs mutxtn ;ind /'. h isliri\, wliich
liavc tle> .same dental fonnala. are larf^'. heavily built, and alt(»;j;ether
dillerent in appej.raiH'e.'
■ VivrmimtrH Kuup. sl.!//iri> f.ntV' iek.-<«w» h . n. Niitnrl. ••"VNt. «1. Knrop I liiei\v.,rii.
I, p. UH>. ImuhmIihi i fMfurtilio prtttrmm Kntal - 1'. >nM't»iti Si'lirt>lier) an*l I, Irinleri Kitlil
Kor roniarknitn rlie nenerle cli.ir:ie(iT-i»t' • Soriultmm' ^ ^I'tcrtfgiHtia >. .-.ec II. Allfii,
rrov. I.. M. Nal. MniMinui. iwti. p .^j.
M NORTH AMKRICAN FAI'NA.
In Americn the gPiniH Ih ivjiroBented by tlirro H)M>ci(>8, nil of which
are Htrictlyron^ciK'rit' with Pipixtrt'lliiH pipiHttrlhiH. Of tliu Aiiicrinui
spccieH /'. HuhfianiH rc.s(>nil)h>!4 /'. pipiHftrlluH most cUiHvly, but ih dJH-
tiiigiiiHhiibh' at n {(hiiico by itH iinirh hMigcr thumb.
KKV TO AMKUICAK KOKMS OK I'll'ISTKKLH S.
TrnKiin liliint with tip 1»<Mit t'orwiinl :
Korciirni aliout HI iiiin. : ndorH vit.v iiftln hmprnm {]\.HH)
V'lTvitkrui nbont 2M iiiiii. ; colorN diirk*T iiunlniliii ( p. !K>)
TraKHH tiiperiiiK and HtniiKbt :
Foi'oarin 'M) Ut'A'J n'rurrtivh ( i». 93)
Forearm 33 to 'Mi—
Color .'KitllowiMli lirown KnhHaru* (p. W)
I'olor drikit brown ohscuniH ( |t. !t3)
PIl'ISTKKM.rS IIKSI'KIM S (||. Allen).
18<tl. SvolopliiliiM hf»peni» II. Allen, Mono^r, N. Am. llutH, p. 13.
1H7H. tV<i/»»»««/(» httprvHH ItobHoii, Cilai. Chiropterit llrlt. .MnHeinii, )•. 2l'8.
I88(i. ytHfirruiio mrrriami Uobsou, Ann. A Mil);. Nat. IliHi.. .'itli Nrr., Will, p. 121.
1M1I3. \'v»iu'riujo hmpeniM II. .Mien. MonoKi-. llatH N. Am., p. VJH.
Tj/iMhml itif.— Vori YunuiJ'al. Ty|M' No. o KM'., (.8. National Museum.
(ifotjrtifthie tliHtrihiitioM. — howor .Viistral zoih' in tlie WcHtuni rnitrd
8tat(>H from wrHtoni T«».\as to tho I'arHic ('oa.st. LimltH not known.
OmeralclumhtetH.—Hm'. very Hniiili (forearm about L'(i); thumb Hhort
(about one ci^htli of foroarm); t^iir .shorter
/r</\ ""<^ ""•"' bhintly rountled than in other
Jr',':'//.'' i'l\ y<~\ Anwriran members of the };<>nus, rea4;hiug
m^i'''''^''\ Jn''^-' ''fh, barely to no.stril when hiid forward; tragus
HJF^^hA /x^a^v\ '*l'i>i^ i*i**l di.-^tinetly bent forward at tip;
J|l1>',^H^\ tw ID I feet very siinilK about half as huig as tibia:
^mi'wrjj-:^ V^K./ barely 1 mm. of tip of tail free from mem-
j ai»»^jj|jF ><iSf fi ^^rane: <'olor very pale.
^"if"^ ^ & KiUH.—'Ww ears (Hg. 20 /*) are short,
Fio.2o.-E8rof («» n,n,i,riiu» m,i, leiirhiug Imrelv to nostril when laid for-
/nviit niid (ft) /'. /im/irriit ( ■ 'J). , ,„, ' . , , „ ...
ward, llie anteruM- border ot aurutle is
strongly convex from well developed basal not4;h to region about
middle, where it becomes striii|u;ht and reaniins so almost to narrowly
rounded tip. Posterior border eoneavo immetliately below ti)), then
strongly conve.v to basid nottdi. Ihisiil lolte well develo]>ed, separated
from auricle by a deep notch ami joining face iit ])oint below line of lips,
and slightly behind posterior corner of eye. The fur of the head extends
over dorsal surftiee of ear to slightly beyond the basal third. Otherwise
the ear is naked except for a sprinkling of line hairs on inner surface.
Tragus less than half length of ear, broadest just below tip; ante-
rior border straight throughout greater part of its length, but strongly
concave iinmodiatoly l>elow tip; posterior b nder strongly convex from
tip almost to uoU-h ab<»ve well developed ba.sal lobe.
J/r>M/ir« »»<;«. — The ineinbranes jire thin and delicate, rropatagiuin
very sparsely furred at extreme base, otlu'rwise naked except for a few
8i;attered hairs whi<di are most numerous on the basal half. Wing
PIPISTUELLrS HKSPKUrK
89
inHiibrniioH iittaHuMl at 1)aH(> of toes. Uropata^iiiin oxtciMliiif; aliiioHt
to I'xtreiiie tipor tail.
Feet. — Foot Hiiiall, «liHtiiirtly less tliati lialt as loii^' as tibia, nakiMl or
with n few a1mo8t iiiviHih]<> whilisli hairs on dnrsal Minracc. Cah-ar
aboiit as loiif; as tibia, Hcairly kt^olcd on |»ost«'rioi' <'<!);(>. t4>t-niiiial lobe
absent or very indistinct.
Fur nnd volor. — The fnr «'Xtt^n«ls on basal tliird of «'ais, imt Itarrly
reai'hcH oxtri'mc base of intm'fcnioral nuMnbrsinc, anil on win^ inoni-
brancH invades inejrly a very narrow strip rlosf to body.
Color Iljflit yi'llowidi jiray or whitish {;ray, the liir everywhere deep
plundteonsal base. In soines|)eriniens the hairs on the bark have taint
dark subterininal areas whi<;h, however, are visible (Hi close inspeetinn
oidy. Kars, inn/./le, faee, and niendinmeH blmk. A narrow whitish
border on win|; nienibran«^ between foot and fifth finger.
This s|>ecieH is apparently nineh more eonstant in color than /'. hhU
ihiruM, but the abseiiee of a {jfood series of skins leaves the range of
individual variation in color a n)att<>r of uncer-
tainty.
Shull. — The skull of l*ipii<tn'llnn hinprrua
(tigs. 21 <>, and L"J h) is very small, thin, and
papery. That of an adult male from Kort
Itowie, Arizona, measures 11.4 mm. in occipito-
nasal length, <• mm. in zygomatic breadth, and
•t mm. in occipital depth. The dorsal outline
is nearly straight from external naies to o<-ci-
put, though there is a slight concavity between
the orbits and a dight convexity over the Itrain ease. Muzzle broad
and nearly Hat, slightly concave on each side of median line. In gen
eral the skull of I'ipixtrt'lhin hvHpcniH suggests a miniature of that of
linnionfifttrin.
Tcvih. — The t«'eth of I'iphfrrUus hmpeniM (fig. 23 rr) do not dilTcr
materially from those of /'. Huhflnrtis. The anterior upper premolar is
minute (much smaller than the smaller u])per incisor) and usually
thrown out of the t»>oth row by the second premoliir, the anterior edge
of whi(di is gen«>rally in contact with the canine.
MvtiMnrvmeniM. — See table, page !••"».
Sped mens ennui neiL — Total number 127. from the following localities:
Ari/oiia: KtMivoriliini, 1; I'ort Howie, 1 (Hkiii); (iriiiMl Ciirioii, 2; liiiiMlitlii|Ht
('nfinn,<'<K!|iiHO County, I (skins); Littli'Coloriiiio, 2: DonCiiIhv.iih, I (Nkin);
Koitni (Janon, Navajo Cotuity, I (Mkiii); New liivir, .Mitiiroini (Niiinty, 1;
Vnnia, 2.
California: Horax flat, Moliavr DcAcrt, 3: (olitrailo DoHArt. 1 iNkini; licath
Vulluy, I ; I'lMH-rul Mount ainn, Inyo County, 1 ; liirnacot^ict'k, Doath \ alloy,
1; Ora|ioviue.SprinKi Di'Htk Valloy, 1 ; luilcpundcncc, 1; Hot Sprin^H \'ull«y,
Inyo County, 2; .laruuilia. San Ditf^o County, 2(Hkiimi; Kcoltr, 1; K«rn
Kiv<<r, I); Kernville, 1 ; l.ont> I'iiie, :<; Ow.-uh l.:iki>, I : I'alni Sprin^H. :t; I'atia
mint Valley, Inyo <'ounty. (>; I'anamint MiMiiitaiiiH, I; I'nso Creek, Kern
County,! (itkin); Hnlinu \' alley. Inyo County, 1; .San l',niiK«lio, I; .Santa
Km. 21. -Top view of riknil of
((I I /'i/iu(/rr/(ii» /irt/ii'ri/4 iillil
(/<! I'.tiihltiiriiM ( 2.)
90
NORTH AMKRICAN FAUNA.
Vb»Im»1, Sail DieRoCJonnty, IW; Three |{ivf>n. 7: Twin Onkx,!'; Viilli'i-idiH, San
|)i«K*>^''*'ii*t^\' 'M Wliitewtttvr, 1 (akin); Yinm^iiiiIi* N ull«v, 1; OUI Fuit Viiiini,
I (t.V|M!).
('oliinitlo: Ornnd .Iiinotinn, I.
I.owor ('iilil'oriiia: Stiii I'tTiiiitxIo, 7 (Miller coll. ).
Nevmla: (iohl Mmiiitain, KMiiieraldu County, I: rnliranauat X'alley, 1; Vr^nH
Moiintaiiiii, 1; Ve^aM X'aljfy, l.iii'-olii Coiintx . I
N«w Mexico: Dok >S]irin'4. <!raiit Coiiiity, 7 ctkiims Kort WiiiKute, I; (irtiiit
County, 1 (Hkim.
Texiw: Cliinnte Mountains, I ; Kl I'aNo, I 1 Mkin); PalNaiio, r>: I'oiom !{lv«<r, I.
rtuh: Kt. (iflorKe. 'J.
Wnalitnton : Aliiiota, 1.
(ieneral rcmarkH. — I'ipiHtrvVnH hrnjui-Hx is readily jli^tingnislmhlp
ainoii); North Aiiu'riniii butt* by its dciitiil formula, small si/.<% blunt
tra|;uH, and pallid color. Itnct'ds noroiiiparisoii with any other spcc'ii's.
At thu HontliernnioHt t^xtroniiiy of its known ran;;*' a siibsporirs sli;;htly
different from that otuniirinK farther north has been ditVerentiatcd.
Otherwitie the sjiecieH is remarkably eonstant in all its eharaeters.
PIIMSTI{KLLrs IIKSl'KIMS .M'STK.M.IS hii1.m|.. nov.
Typettam Barranca Ibarra, .laiiHrn, Mexico; aliltinlealMiiii :t,iHNi tWt. Ailnlt 9 (in
nieoliol). No. 52111', r. S. National Miinciiiii ( Miolotiiral Survey rnllt'ition). Col
lecteil May 11, IH1(2, by K. W. NelMon. Oriuinal iiiiinlier. L'tti t.
(ieneral chartwterH. — Slightly snuiller than tnn' I'ipistnllux lnHpnuH;
Air shorter; eolor apparently darker and browner.
Ear»^ meinhraufH, ami jWt. — As in the typical subspeeio.s.
Fur and cnlor. — The fur is shorter than in specimens of true hexpvruH
taken in April and May, but in distribution it hIiows no |>eculiaritieH.
Color darker ami browner than in specimens of true hixiurnH that
have been immersed in alcohol for a Himilar lenjrth of time. I'ntil skins
of the southern aninnil are examined theatttual color <lillerences between
the two forms can not be determined.
MeoMurementH. — The measurements of the type and the averajjes of
four specimens ftom the typo h>cality are ^'iven in the table of measnrc-
ment8 on page i^.l.
SperimeHH examinetl, — Four, all from the type locality.
(iemral remarks. — I'lpiHirelhin luxptriis oust ml Is is a fairly well
marked subspecies characterixed by slightly smaller si/e, shorter fur,
and darker color than in the typical form. The material by which it is
representeil is so iM)or, however, that all the characters can not be
determined with certainty.
I'lriSTRKLLUfl srill'I.AVr.S vl'divler). (Jeorpian Hat.
1832. i J'enpertUio neorginnuM F. Ciivier, Nonv. Ann. Mum. tl'lIiHt. Nat., I'iiri.t, ]i. l)i.
(Not ileteriiiinablo. )
18:^2. Vetpertilio HiihdavHH V. (Javier, Noiiv. Ann. Muh. d'lIiRt. Nat., I'arlH. p. 17. ( hi--
Ht-ription gooil )
IHIil-ll. I'ctpniilio eijillinnlnctjilim r<'niniinck, MoiioiLtr. de Maiiini.. II. I'Mwv Monoj;r,,
1». 2:^.
1864. StvtophiluM yvorgiuuHn M. Allen. .Moiio};r. N. .Viii. Katit, p. :{.'>.
I '• V ' i n u piw "
IMI'ISTHEM.rs 81THFLAVIT8.
91
\H~H. reiptrHfii) ijr'iniiau'iK Diilisoii, Ciititl. <'liirii|it*<rn llrit, Mim., |>. 2115.
|«)»;j. I'mftfrMijo i,tntliniii»iH II, Alleu, MoiiuKi. KutH N. Am., p. IIM (not I'mptrlilio
rarolineniim (iiMtl)'. i.
Typt- lovalitif. — KiiHfem I'nitod Stntos; prnhnhly (icKiiffm.
(iroffiaphiv lUHtiihiition. — Austral zoiieM iiiHi raMiitilly pai tHol'TriiiiMi-
tioii zoiir ill till* KtiHt«>rii United StatCH, IVotn tlic Atlaiitir Coast west to
lown and (•aHti-rii and Hdiitiicni Toxas.
iinurnl vim ratter h. — Si/,«^ Hinall (t'oiearin, about .14); tliiinili lonjr
Ihboiit .)! forearm); ear wIkmi laid i'orward reacliiii}; slightly l»e.v«>nd imm-
tril: trat;iiH straight, tapering to a broadly loniided tip; IVet Hinall,
slightly more than half as loii^ as tibia; tcrniiiial L' mm. of tail free
trom membraiu*; hairs on back mostly distinctly trieolored: general
color li^ht yellowish brown, undulated with darker brown.
Karn. — The ears (lij;. 20 a) areconsid«>ialily longer than in /'. hrxperuH,
reaching;, when laid turward, Just b<>yond ntistril. In general form the
car JH much as in 7*. htupvruH, but the auri(;le is slightly narrower, and
the baHal hd>e is smaller and separated from auricle by a slight notch
only. On dorsal surface of (>ar the fur of head extends scarcely to basal
third. Otherwise the car is naked except for a sprinkling of line hairs
on inner surface.
Tragus alnrnt half length of ear, broadest opposite anterior base and
thence tapering ^'radually upward to bluntly rounded tip which is
turiie<l slightly ba< kward. Anterior border slightly concave at base,
then gently convex to tip. Postcriiu- border slightly concave imme-
diately lielow tip, then strongly convex almost to notch above well
develofieil basal lobe.
MrmbranrH. — The membranes are thin and <leli«!ate. ITropatagiiim
thinly furreil on basal fourth, otherwise naked except for a few scat-
tered hairs along veins on lower side. Wing membranes attached at
base of toes. Uropatiigium attached at base of terminal caudal
vertebra.
Feet. — Fo«>t large, distinctly more than half as long as tibia, covered
with conspicuous light-brown haiis on dorsal surface, (valcar dis>
tinctly longer than tibia, scarcely keeled on posterior edge, terminal
lobe absent or very indistinct.
Fur HHil color. — The fur extends on base of cars and interfemoral
membrane and on wing membranes to line Joining knee and middle of
forearm.
(5olor light yellowisli brown, uniform on the ventral surface, but on
the back clouded to a varying degree with darker brown. The hairs
on the back ap|M'ar to be of two kinds. The main body of the fur is
made up of short hairs (about mm. in length), which are deep plum
bens from base to a little below middle, then yellowish brown almost
to extreme tip, which is dark brown. Intcrmixe«1 with these shorter
haira are others wiiich are much longer (about 10 mm. in length) .iiid
clear yellowish brown to extreme tip.
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IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
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Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
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92
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
^k^^hM^
Typical I'ipixtrrlhis snhflanis presents a, wide range of individual
variation in color. This is due to the extent of tlie terminal dark bands
on the hairs of the back, and also to the exact shade of the yeUowish
subterniinal bands. The yellowest specimens that I have seen were
taken at Washinfjton, D. C, dnring May and June.
Skull. — The skull of Pipistrelhis snhfariis (fijfs. 21 a and 22 h) is
larjrer tiian that of 7*. hcsjx'rus. That of an adult
male from Washington, 1). C, measures l.J mm. in
occipito nasal length, <H mm. in zygomatic breailth,
and it mm. in occipital depth. The dorsal outline
is nearly straight from the anterior nares to a point
immediately behind the orbits, then strongly con-
vex to occiput. Muzzle narrow and arched, the
concavities on each side nearly obsolete. In gen-
\.i«-.__:_^^'-^ " eral the skull of Pipistrellus suhflavns suggests a
Fig. 22.— Side view of skull niiiiiature of that of the smaller forms of Vespertilio.
of(«)/',>«rrw^,w,e.vy..n,, Tcc/A.-Thc tccth of Pipistvcllm ,suhfiavu8 (fig.
2.'} h) are larger than those of /*. hesperus but essen-
tially similar in form. The anterior np])er juemolar is large (about the
size of the larger upper incisor) and generally fully in the tooth row.
MeosurcmentN. — See table, page 957.
Specinnns eramined. — Total number, 21.'i, from the following local-
ities :
Alnhama: (iro«iis1>oro, 2.
District of Columbia: Washington . 17 (11 skins).
Indian Territory : Stiiwell, Hi.
Lonisiana: Mer Konu:e. 10; ilonuiu, 2 (skins).
Maryland : Marshall Hall,
5 (skins); St. (ioorjj'is
Island. 2 (skins).
Mississijipi : Washing-
ton, S.
Missouri: Marldi! Cavo,
fetono County, 70.
Now York : Sing Sing, S3.
Morth (Carolina : Ralt>i<rh,
7 (skins); liortio
Connty, 2 (skins).
Pennsylvania: Carlisle,
7 (I skin).
Teunessi*: Hitknian County, l(8kin): Arlington, .3; l$ig Sandy, 10; Danville, 4.
Texas : C'ear Creek, Galveston County, 1 ; Hrownsville, 1.
Virginia: Cedarvillo, G (skins. Miller eoll.); Frederiekshnrg, 6 (skins); Hamp-
shire County, 1 (skin); Wytheville. 2.
Ocnenil remarks. — The Georgian bat, PipintrelluH suhflavus, is so
readily distinguished among the species of the region ii inhabits that
detailed comparisons are scarcely necessary. Its dental formula, small
size, relatively large thumb, distinctly tricolored fur and general yel-
lowish color are unmistakable characters.
Fio. 23.— Teeth of (n) PipittrelUu heiperrm and (6) P. nib/tavtu
(X6).
PIPISTRELLUS VER/FX'RUCiS.
93
PIPISTRELLUS SUBFLAVUS OBSCURU.S siibsp.nov.
Tape from Lnke G(,'orge, Warren County, N. Y. Adnlt ? (skin) No. (57723, F. S.
National Musenm (Biological Snivey collection). Collected September 6, 1894, by
Walter K. Fisher. Original number, 198.
General characters. — Size and proportions as in typical suhHavua, but
color duller and less yellow, and df^rk tips of shorter hairs on back
more conspicuous.
Ears, membranes, feet, and fur. — As in typical siibflavtis.
Color. — Fur everywhere blackish slate at base. Middle band on
shorter hairs of back dull, pale, wood browu or isjvbella color. Tips of
these hairs dusky brown, and much more conspicuous than in true sub-
fiavHs, Long hairs of back pale wood brown. Belly uniform isabella
color, in some specimens inclining toward wood brown, but seldom show-
ing any approach to the bright yellowish browu of true subjlavus.
A melanistic specimeu is dark chocolate brown throughout. Two
others are rich reddish brown. In all three of these abnormal individ-
uals the characteristic variegation of the fur of the back still i)ersi8ts.
Sktill and teeth. — I can find no cranial or dental characters to distin-
guish Pi]}istrellus subjlavus obscurus from the tyi>ical subspecies.
Measurements. — See table, page 95.
Specimens examined. — Thirty four (seven skins), all from the typo
locality.
General remarls. — Pipistrcllus subHavus obscurus is readily distin-
guishable from true subjlavus by its darker, duller, less yellow color.
The <liff'erence is especially noticeable on the ventral surface, which is
generally a rich yellowish wood brown in typical ««/>//««•»<«, dull isabella
color in obscurus. The darker hue of the back in obscurus is due partly
to dirt'erences in the color of the long hairs, and of the middle bands
of the short hairs, and partly to the more extended dark tips of the
short hairs. Like the typical form, Fipistrellus subflarus obscurus
varies considerably in color, so that individual specimens of either sub-
species, especially those that .are not fully adult, are sometimes difficult
to identify. When series are compared, however, the difterential char-
acters at once become apparent.
PIPISTRELLUS VEKi^li^CRUCIS (Ward).
1S91. lesperiigo rcr<rcrucis Ward, Am. Naturalist, XX\', p. 74."), August, 1891.
Ty2}e locality. — Las Vegas, Jalapa, Yera Cruz.
Geographic distribution. — This species is known from the type locality
only.
Characters. — As I have seen no specimens of Pipistrellus reracrucis,
I copy the original description.
All six speoiuiens were indistinguishable one from another in point of color. The
following color-description is taken from a dried skin, wiieretis all the rest of the
description ia taken from a specimen preserved in alcohol.
94
NOKTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
< !
Hairs of back cl(?v"-browu for liaHsil half, followed Ijy two e(|nal zuues respectively
broccoli-browu anl clovc-browu; soma of bairs fnrtheriuore tipped with light Vau-
dyke-brown, giving u decidedly "rusty" tone to the back. Ventral surface; bases
of hair slightly lighter than those of back, followed by light-hair brown, producing
a grayish or smoky etfc<'t.
Wing membranes naked, except a very limited area on upper surface along sides
of body, not exceeding 3 or 4 mm. in width ; and on lower surface, the area included
between a line passing from the middle of humerus to the knee and the side of the
body is scantily haired.
Interfemoral membrane witn a small, triangular patch of hair on its upper sur-
face, covering base of tail, and extending to one-fourth of its length.
Legs and arms naked. Wing extending from base of outer toe. Antebrachial
membrane losing itself at middle of radius. Two caudal vcrtebnu free from
membrane.
Black glandular prominences between eyes and nostrils well developed, fringed
with longish hairs on both upi)er and lower edges, aud with three or four long,
black, bristly hairs growing from its upper surfm-o.
Inner edge of ear conch evenly convex. Outer edge coming uj) iu an even, sweep-
ing curve from angle of mouth to level of tip of tragus, where it meets a slightly
concave line leading up to the obtusely rounded tip. A nearly semi-circular aiiti-
tragus is developed from that part of the couch passing below the tragns. Bone of
inner margin of tragus concave, thus throwing this organ forward, followed by a
straight margin. Bone of outer margin with a subtriaugular lobe, followed by a
deep notch, al>ovt> which the greatest width is (|uickly reached. From here a nearly
straight line leads to the tip, which is obtusely rounded.
Measurements in millimeters: Lengtli of head and body, from tip of nose to base
of tail, 37.5; length of tail, 36; lengtli of tail beyond membrane, 3; length of head,
15; height of ear, from notch between antitragus and eonch to tip, 10; height of
tragus, inner margin, 1.5; height of tragus, outer margin, 6; greatest width of
tragus, 2; lengthof antitragus, 2; heightof antitragus (approximately), .75; length
of forearm, 31; length of thumb, including claw and excluding metacarpus, 7.5.
Second digit — metacarpal, 29. Third digit — metacarpal, 30.5; first phalanx, 11.5;
second phalanx, 11; cartilaginous tip, 5. Fourth digit — metacarpal, 29; first pha-
lanx, 10; second phalanx, 7; cartilaginous tip, 2.5. Fifth digit — metacarpal, 28;
first phalanx, 8.5; second phalanx, 5; cartilagiuous tip, 1. Interspace between
tips of third and fourth digits, 16; interspace between tips of fourth and fifth digits,
37; interspace between tip of fifth digit aud juncture of membrane with foot, 42;
extent of outstretched wings, 212; length of tibia, 13.5; length of foot, 9; length
of calcaneum, about 8.
Teeth, "'
:=30 [34].
1-1 2-2 3-3.
3-3 l-l' 2-2' 3-3
Middle npiier incisors separated by 1.5 mm., inclined forwards and inwards; a
large internal cusp on posterior-external edge halfway up from base to tip. Outer
incisors simple, coniciil, inclined parallel to their respective inner mates, separated
from canines by about .75 mm. Lower incisors tri-lobate, evenly spaced. Upper
canines long, simple, slightly recurved. Lower canines straight, with basal cusps
on forward edge only. First upper premolar interior to tooth line, visible from the
exterior. Second upper premolar lf)nger than any of its corresponding molars.
A prominent conical excrescence is on the lower gum, opposite the space between
the premolars, iu front of which the point of the upper canine pas^ses. Two much
less prominent excrescences are on the upper gum immediately above this lower
one. Type No. 527 i , Las Vegas, V[era CrH]z, February 19, 1891. C<dlectors, 11. L.
Ward and C. M. Teran.
General remarkH. — IHpiHtrellus rera'cnuHit (litters from P. auhjiavutt x\\
its siuallei' size, relatively longer thumb, and browner, less yellow color.
VESPEKTILIO.
95
No specimens of tbis sjieeies have been obtained by the field agents of
the Biological Survey, nor are any known to be in American museums.
Average measiirementa of Xorth AmericHii J'orniH nf I'ipislrellua.
1
j-
i
1
U
Name.
L.Malitv.
!l
a
a
a
■G
B
2
1 =
'3
s
>
s
3
m
?
1
ja
9
s
»
3
H
H
5
£
H
^
1^
^
hi'ipeniK Washington; Alinota
f 'alifornia : Fort Vunia...
Santa Vsabcl .
Coloraito: tiraml J (Miction
Texas : I'nisano
iiiitlialix Jalisco: Uairanca Huii-a
Uarram-a Ibarra.
veidcruein Vera I'riiz: Las Vegas.
•Jalajia.
siibllaviu Louisiana: M<-r Kouge . . .
Mi.s.s<>iiri: MarltleCave. ..
I)i.-»tricl "'f t'oliiuibia:
Washington.
vbscuni* Xew Vork : Lake tJeorgc .
1?
'1 J"
10
4
3
•19
4
'1
12
11
77 :i2
70 28
72.8 3? 11.5 5.5
74.(>31 12 5.5
73 34.5 12.8 .J.4
(U 28 11.4 5
«3. 2 26. 8 10. 7 5.)
73.5 30 13.5 9
109 9;85. 1 40.7 15.3 7.9
10 84.0 39.816.1 8.1
5? 9 84 37.815.2 7.8
10
,84.8 38.015.2 8
4 52
3.8 48
31. 6i 4
31.3 4
32.5 4
9 4
28.6 3.9
31 I. r>
14.6 6.8
33.7 6. i-
34 6.8
36 6.8
12.4 9 I 5.4
10 8.6 4.6
51,411.6 8.7 5.2
,52 12.1 9.3 5.4
55.512.4 9.6 5.1
47 10.4 8.4 5
45 10.7 8 4.5
58 fi
60.8 14.2 9.8 6.6
•jO 13.9 9.5 6.4
62.8114 9.6 6.6
00.0 14 ilO 6.8
'Tyi*: measurements by original dcscriber.
Genus VESPERTILIO Linneeus.
175S. Veapertilio Liuiia-iis, Systeui.i Natiinc. lOtli ed., I, pp. 31-32. T}•p^^ by elimina-
tion I'tspertilio miiriiiiig Liiiiia-iiH (not C. mi<riiiiiH Schreher, 1775).
IX'20. Eptexiciis Kaline.s<|iii', Annuls of Niiture, p. 2. Type Eptvuicua melanops Rali-
ues(ii'.e {= f'eKj}trHlio fuicuis Beauvois).
1829. Ciiephiriis Kanp, .''kizzirte. Entw.-fiescli. u. Natiii 1. Syst. d. Kurop. Thierw.,1, p.
103. Type f 'exptrtilio terolin us ^'■fhri'hui-.
183!t. lenperitgo Key8«?riing«Sc Klasiiis. Wiejrmiinn's Aii-biv f. Natiirgescb., 5ter Jabrg.,
Btl. l.p.312(part).
183!l. f'espenis Keyserling & Dla.«iii<i. Wie^maun's Arcbiv f. N.itnrgesch., oter.labrg.,
B(l. 1. p. HIS. I!ai»e«l on tbe ;>2-to(>tbt'<l s[)e(,ies of ' Vespevuijo.'
1841. Xottula Ilonapartf. Itonogialia Fanna Italica, I, fasc. XXI, uuiler Vevpertilio
iih-iflliue. Type ' I 'e»j>f i-h</" «<»•«*/'/»««.
1856. Catioriis Kolenuti. Allgt-ni. Ik'iitscb Natnrbist. Zuitg., Diostlcn. Nt-ue Folge,
il. pi>. 131. H!2-ll!:{. Typ»' • I'csptnigo' Hcroliiiun.
1856. Meteonix Koleuati. .Mlgeai. I>eiitstli. Natuihist. Zoitg., Dr4'8deu, Neue F«>lge,
II, pp. 131, It»7-I6y (included iiilnsoiii, discolor, siirti, leucippe, ariatippe).
WA. Scotophiliis H. Albii. Monoyr. N. .\m. Bats, p. 27 (part).
1H7H. f'vsiicntijo Dobson, (atal. Cbiiopteia Brit. Mas., ]». 183 (part).
1892. Ideloniicterii H. Allen. I'roc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. (1891). p. 466, Jan. 19, 1892,
(Proposed as a sub.stitute for I'fgperus, preoccupied in Entomology).
1893. Advloinicierh II. Allen, Mono^f. B:it8, N. Am., p. HI.
Type speciex. — Vexprrtilio mnrimi>t Liumeus (= T. f//«6'o/o»' Natterer)
— not 1". mitrhnm Schreber.
(rvofiniphic iliHtfilnitinn. — IJoical, Austral and parts of Tropical re-
gions in bt)tli bemisplieres.
I
9() NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
U-2 l-l 1-1 3-3
Generic characters. — Dental formala: i, T.-.i; ''j i i ; i>'W>M •»' '"' •{ '^=32.
Skull (tigs. 'Ji aikd 'Si) hirj^eaiid heavily built; rostrum broad in propor-
tion to brain <-ase ( Ics-s so than in Lasionyctcris), acurcely concave at sides
back of uasal aperture; dor.sal profile nearly straight, ri»ing gradu-
ally tVoni external nares to occiput, which in the adult is strongly
angular and provided with a con.spicuous sagittal crest. Ears short,
considerably narrower than long, basal lobe well develoi)ed, but not
excessively large. Tragus straight, short, directed slightly forward,
broadest neai the middle and tapering to a moderately sharp point.
Back of interfemoral membrane wholly naked except for a sprinkling
of hairs on basal fourth. Mammse, 2.
liinernl remarks. — The genus VesjtertiUo contains the largest Ameri-
can species of the Vespertilionine group. Aside from the dental for-
mula, the large size of VexiH-rtUio /uficiiXj the only known North Ameri-
can species, is sufficient to distinguish the genus among those occurring
in the region now under consideration.
Tlie North American si>e<Mes is separable into at loast Ave tolerably
well marked subs|)ecies a« follows:
KEV T'» th:; suksi'Eciks of vespeutilio Fuscrs.
S'l/.v Miiiall (total length, tWto 107; forearm, 10 to 45; longest tiuger, GH to 77).
Bruailtli of iiiii/xle greater tLau half length of head propinquug (p. 100)
Hroailth of muzzle less th:iii half k-iigth of hca<l bahamensis (p. 101)
Size large (total Iinigtli. 105 Ut 12_'; forearm, 43 to 52; longest finger, 77 to 96).
Membrauts ami cant thick and leathery, the ears distinctly thickeni-d along
anterior liordir fiiscuH (p. 96)
Membranes and ears thin, the ears scarcely thickened along anterior horder.
Fort-arm, 47 to 5i); longi-st finger, 85 to X9 (average 86) cubenxis (p. 102)
Forearm, 50 to 52; longest linger, 85 to 1!6 (average 5)0) ..miradorensia (p. 99)
VESPKRTILIO Fl.'SCL'.S Beauvois. Brown Bat.
1796. i'tsperliliofnxcMx iSeauvoi«>. Catal. I'eale's Mnseum, p. 14. (Philadelphia. Pa.).
1806. I'esperlilio caruliueHnU (ieoft'roy, Ann. Mas. d'Hist. Xat., Paris, VIH, p. 193.
(Carolina.)
1818. reapirtilio phaiop^ Ralini-xiiii-, Am. Monthly ilag., Ill, p. 445. (Ktntncky.)
1820. I'^plesiiiit mtliiiiop* K'aliiiesqne, Annals of Nature, p. 2. (Kentucky.)
1823. I'cuptttilio arquatHt .Say. Long's Kxpeilitiou to Uocky Mountains, I, p. 167,
footnote.
1835. Vvapvitilio ursiimg Temmintk, Monogr. de .Manunalogie, II, p. 235.
1843. Scolophiltia greenii Gray. List 8|>ec. Mamni. Brit. Mus., p. 30 (nomcu nudum).
18«5I. Sviitophilusfiixciii II. Allen, Mouogr. X. A. Bats, p. 208.
1878. reniieniiio 8eroiiHtts var. letiums ftucHS Uobson, Catal. Chiroptera Brit. Mus.,
p. I!t3.
1893. A(MoH!icl<ri8fuMcii>i II. Allen. Monogr. Bats N. A., p. 112.
Type local it y. — Philadelphia, Pa.
Oeograpliie Uistrihutioa. — Austral, Transition, and (lower edge of)
Boresil /.ones throughout the United States and iu\joining British
provinces.
General chaiactern. — SizV- iarge; total length, 110 to 112; tail verte-
bra', 11 to 52; forearm, 4-J to Ki; longest linger, 77 to 81; ear, ll.dtoll;
vESPEiniLio ruscus.
97
fjirs ami nieuibraiies thick and leatbery; crowns of upper molars nar-
row: c«»Ior variable, but seUlo'u very «lark.
Earx. — Kars .sliort. reacliinjr barely to nostril when laid forward,
tarred on basal third above and sprinkled with hairs on most of inner
>iufac'e, bat especially near an terior bor-
der. The njembrane of the ear is heavier
and more leat.:ery than in the southern
-ubsjiecies. and the anterior edge is dis-
riiietly thickened.
MnnhriintH. — Membranes naked, broad
.md ample, that of win;:s attached to
taot a little beyond ba-e of t<tes. Free
idge of interfemoral membrane a little
-liovter tliau calcar and terniinatin;: ai
baseof penultimate caudal vertebra. The
flight membranes, like the ears, are
thicker and le.-'s liicmbranaceous tlian in
the subiMJcies occurring in or near the
tiopics.
Fftt. — Foot about half length of tibia;
calcar slightly longer than foot, keeled
(Ui outer
edge, and
terminat-
ing indis-
tinctly or
in a faintly
defined lobe. Dorsum of toes with a
few short bristle like hairs.
Fur nnti volar. — On middle of back the
fur is about 1- mn;. long. Tlie fur ex-
tends along the sides in a line about 10
mm. wide on wing membranes both above
and below. The proximal third or fourth
of uropatagium is furred. Otherwise
the membranes are naked except for a
few stattered hairs on the under side of
the interfemoral membrane and on the
under side of the wings close to the hu-
merus and forearm.
Color brown throughout, but always
Fio.K—si.ie view of sk.ia ..f ,«, vm;,^,- puler on belly than on back. The exact
tiUo hahamrmit. it) V. />;«>». an<i (c) shade varics considerably, but is usually
a clear bister or sepia. Sometimes, how-
ever, it approaches cinnamon. Ears and membranes blackish in dry
si)e';iuiens.
.vAm//.— The skull of typical T>«y>erfj7/o. /'»**•«/» (figs. 24 ft, L'5 h) averages
2772— ^'o. 13 .7
Fig. 24.— Top viewol' skull of (n) Yetiper-
alio l/ahaini'Hiiis, (6) V. fntcuf, and (c)
f. K"T"fi(i»« (X2). '
Ks:
1 I
■ '
98
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
about 18.5 mm. in occipito-nasal k'ligth and 1L'."» mm. in zygomatic
breadth; mandible, 14 mm. It has no tanj-ible characters to ilistin-
guish it from the skulls of the other large subspecies.
Tirtli. — The teeth of tj'pical W'HpcrtiliofuxfUH (tig. 20 o) do not differ
appreciably in form or size from those of the other large continental
subspecies. They average slightly smaller, however, than in V./iisrn.s
minulorcmiH, and the crown of the middle upper molar is usvially
narrower.
MeaHurementK. — See table, page 103.
Specimens cviimined. — Total number, ;}3(», from the following localities:
Alabama: (iieeiisboio, 1,
Arkansas: Fort Towsoii. 1.
Ari/ona: Apache, t; Sniitii Cataliua Moinitains. S (skins); Cliirifalma Moun-
tains, 1 (skin); (Juailaliiix' Canon, Cochise County. 2 (skins); Fort Verde,
2 1 1 skin); Fort Iluachiica, It; Hnaehiua Mouutainis. I (skins); New River,
2: .Sail Franeisco Mountain. (>; Yuma. 1.
British Columbia: Asheroft, 2 (skiusi.
Calil'oinia: Hear Valley, San IJeruardino County. 2; I'assel. 2; Closertlale, 1;
Dul/nra. ;{ (1 .nkin); Horse C<ural Meadows. Fresno County (altitiule, 8.<X)0
leet), 1; Kern Iiake>, North Fork Kern Hiver (altitude, 7.000 feet). 1 ; Kern
River.6; Kernville. 1; South Fork Kindts River. 2; Lone Fine, 7; Little Kern
Hivor, 3; Mount Shasta, 2 (sskinsi; Mount Whitney, 2; Nevada City, 6;
Nieasio. 03; Owens Lake, 1 ; Old Vort Tejon, 1 ; Pine Valley. 4 (skins) ; Foso
Creek, Kern County. 1 (skin) ; Round Valley, I ; Raymond. 2; Santa Harbara,
2; Se<|Uoia National Park. !•; Sherwood, 1; Twin Oaks, San Diejio County,
3; Three h'i vers. 1; Tehachapi. 1: Vi.salia, 2; Walker Hasin. Kern County,
■1 ; Yosemite \'alley. 2.
Colorado: Loveland. (> (skins. Miller coll.). *
Cor.neelieut: Norfolk, 2.
District of Columbia : Washington. r)3 (33 skins).
Georjiia: Rieeboro. 1.
Idaho: Fort Sherman. 1.
Illinois: Richlan<l County. 1; Warsaw, 4.
Kansas: Fort Riley, 2; Neosho Falls, 1 (skin).
Maine: Fastport. 4.
Massachusetts: Cambridge. 4; Wilmington. (> (skins).
Mississippi : Bay St. Louis. 2.
Missouri: Marble Cave, Stone County, o; St. I^ouis. 1.
Montana: Big Snowy Mountains. 1; Prospect Creek. 2; Kalisiiell, 2; Milk
River. I.
Nevada: Pyramid I^ake, 4; Carson \alley. 1.
New Hampshire: Charlestown. 1.
New York: Haniuiondville, 6; Sing Sing. 13.
Ontario: Toronto. 1 (skin).
Oregon: Anna Creek, 3; Des Chutes River, 4 (skins); Fort Klamath, 2.
Pennsylvnni:i: Carlisle,!; Center County, 2 (skins).
South Dakota: Smithville, 5; Custer. 1; Cheyenne River, 1; Fort Pierre, 1;
Fort Meade, 1.
Texas: Brazos River, I.
Utah: Cache County, 1: Laketowii, 1; Ogden, 5; St. George, 4.
Washington: Spokane Bridge, 2; Geyser Basin. 1.
General remarks. — In size and general appearance typical Vesper-
tilio fiiscus occupies a somewhat intermediate position among the North
American subspecies. It is considerably smaller than miradorensh
VESPERTILIO PUSCrS MIRADOREXSIS.
99
and iiiiH.'h larjjer than 7>»v»;>/Hf/HH« ami huhnmiuHix. Vory pallid speoi-
nieii« are (H'fa.sionall.v taken in tlu" Sontlnvt'stern Tnitt'd States, hut
tiie nundu-r of skin.s available for ionipatison is so small tliat it is
inil>ossil)le to <leteiinine the status ot tbe Ibrui wbicli these aberrant
individuals represent.
Vcspertilio J'uhi'uh and V, serotiniiH have been eonsidered by uiauy
writers sis races of a circunipohir species. Six specimens of the sero-
tine — four from IJudapest, Hungary, and two from Uerne, Switzerland
— kindly sent lue by Mr. Ohlfiehl Thonms, of the IJritish Museum, prove
conclusively that this view of the relationship of the two animals is
untenable. The diflerences between the Anjerican and European forms
are so great that, taken in connection Avith the complete geographic
isolation which undoubtedly exists, they leave no doubt of the neces-
sity of recognizing each as a distinct species. VvHpertillo serotiinis is
a lai'ge and heavily built animal, approached in size by V. fiiseus niira-
(lot'cHsis alohi, among tiie races of V. fiincux. The adult females from
Budapest measure, respectively : Total length, I'M and I'M; tail ver-
tebra*, 52 and 53; tibia, L'2..S and 22.0; foot, 10 and 11; forearm, 52
in each; thumb, 8.4 and 8; longest finger, 93 and 1)0; ear from
meatus. 20 in each; width of ear, 13 and 14; tragus, l> and S.(!. lu
addition to its large general size T.s^to/Zhws has relatively much larger
skull and teeth than any of the races of V. fiisctts (see tigs. 24, 25, and
'2(>K The skull of an adult female from Budapest (So. 4480, Miller coll.)
measures: Occipito nasal length, 21.4; zygomatic breadth, 15; man-
dible, 17; upper tooth row (exclusive of incisors), 8; lower tooth row,
10. The skull is considerably broader in proportion to its length than
in r. fusvusy and the audital bulhe are relatively smaller. The teeth
are much larger than those of Vespcrtilio fiiscus, and the inner lobes of
the nj)per molars are broader, in this respect approaching V. fmnts
cuhensis. The upper incisors are separated frouj the canines by a wider
space than Ui/usvhk, and this space subtends a distinct groove on the
surface of the i)remaxilla between the roots of the canine and incisors.
The paroccipital i)rocesses arc much more strongly developed in V.
serotinus than in any of the races of 1'. fuscun.
VESPERTILIO FUSCUS MIRADOREX^IS (H. Allen).
18*56. Scotophilns miradotensis H. Allen, I'roc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 287.
Tyj)e locality. — Mirador, Vera Cruz, ^lexico. Type in the United
States National Museum, but now mislaid or lost.
Geoffraphie (listrihution. — Costa Kica, Guatemala, and southern Mex-
ico. Limits of range not known.
General characters. — Size larger and color darker than in the more
northern form. Feet and distribution of fur as in true fuscns; ears
and membranes thinner and more membranaceous.
Color. — In color Vespertilio fuscns w<t»'rtr7o»'c>j»/« averages darker thau
true fnscus, thus agreeing with the other southern forms, propinquns
and cuhensis.
100
NORTH AMKRICAN FAUNA.
I ;
: ■ I
i :' i
ShttU. — Tho skull of Vcspcrtilio/iiHcuH minKlonnsix is slightly lar}.'er
and somewliat less tlalt«'iie<l than that of true /iiscits. Tlic hkull of an
adult male from Tehuucan, I'nebla, nu'asnres: Occipito nasal lenj^th.
19.5 nun.; zygonnUic breadth, 1.'5; nmndible, 14..">. The occiput, altliough
developing even niore strongly marked ridges tlnm in tiie typical sub-
species, appears less sharply 'peaked' behind wlien viewed (Voni the side.
I'eetli. — The teeth are lieavier than in true fnscus, and the crown ol
the nuddle upper molar is bromb'r on its inner side, but no tangible
dental clmracters (;an bo establislied to separate the large snbsjjecies.
MeuHHremenh. — See table, page 1(^3.
SpechnenH <\ramhiv<l. — Total number, 17, from the following localities:
Costa Hica: San .losf, 1.
Giiateiiialii: Znnil, (/iieznltfiianfjo, 1.
Mexico: Vallfv of Tuliica, 2 (skins); Ixtapalapa, 2.
Oaxai'a: C'l'iko 8aii l'cli[>o, 1; Uaxuca, 1.
Tufbla: 'I'elinacaii, I! ( I t<kiii).
Tlaxcala: Mt. Maliiiclie, 1.
VeraCrn/: ,li<'o, 1; Las V^i^aH, L'; I'lispaiigo, 2 (skins).
VKSPKIMILK) FUSCUS I'HOPIN'QITS (Peters).
1872. re»perii8 proi)imiini8 Toters, .Monatsl»er. Iv. Prenss. Akad. Wiss., JJcrlin, ji. 2(i2.
1878. I'tspiriifio juopitniniii liobson, Catal. Chiroiitcra IJrit. Mns., p. 203.
Ti/i)e loiality. — Santa Ysabel, (luatemula.
Geographic ilistrihiition. — In addition to the type the only known
specimen of Veftpcrtiliofttscus propiiuiuHs is from Grey town, Nicaragua
Gouraf ehat'drfcrs. — Size very small (total length, 9(i to lO.'j ; tail
vertebrae, 37 to -l.~); longest finger, 08; ear, 14 to l.")); breadth of muzzle
distinctly more than half length of head; colors dark.
J-Jarfi. — The ears in VcspertiUo fuscns propinqiiUN are proportionally
shorter and broader than in tyi)ical/H»c»,s, and the tips are distinctly
more broadly riimded. Tliey are haired in exactly the same nmnner
as in true /»st'K.s'. The ear membranes are thin and membranuceous,
like those of the other southern races.
MenibraneH and feet. — Except for their smaller size, the mend)ranes
and feet are exactly as in trne/«st'».v, though the membrane.s, like the
ears, are thinner and less leathery.
Fur anil color. — The fur is shorter than in true /»»<?««, averaging oidy
about 7 mm. on back. There is nothing peculiar in its distribution.
In the single alcoholic specimen that 1 have seen the color is about as
in r. /kxcus iHirafli>rcn.siii. Peters, however, describes the color of the
type 8i»eclmeu as rust red.' This is much brighter than the Greytown
specimen, but the color may be due to staining while in alcohol.
Measurements. — See table, page 103.
SpecimeHK examined. — 1 have seen only one specimen of Tcitpertilio
fuscuH pntpinqKiis. This was cidiected by Mr. Charles W. Kichniond at
Greytown, Nicaragua ( 9 ad.. No. 52790, U. S. National Museum,
Dept. of Agriculture collection).
' "Oben rostroth. die Hnure an dcr Basis scbwarz naun, Banchseitc blasser, indent
die an der Basis schwarzbraunen Haaro bier nielir rostgelbe .Spitzcn Labeu."
VESI'KHTILIO FUSC'US MAHAMEN8I8.
101
General rnuarkti. — Among the rsn'Cs of Vi-fipeftilio /uxctis, V. J'usvuh
proiniitiHuit ditters most wicU-ly in size and in form of lit'jul from its
nearest jjeograpliical ally, I'. /Kurus mhunhimiHix. It combines the
small size of the West Indian hahmntHHin, tlie broad mnzzle of true
/■».«•««, and the deli«'ate ears and membranes of the southern races in
general. Additional material may show that it is specitically distimt.
VKSl'KIMILIO FUSC'US UAIIAMENSIS siil.sp. uov.
Tijiic fi'(»iii Xassaii, New i'r<iviileii<'t', naliiiiiias. Adult f (iu alcohol) No. 7G.">37. U.S.
National Mii^i'uin ( Kiolngical Survey collection). ('ollectt'<l iu the Kjiring of iH'it
liy ('. J. Maviianl.
Gcofirdphic lUntriliiituni. — This fnrm is kiiown IVom the ty]>e locality
only.
General cliaractern. — Size about as in T. /nsenn jirajtinijuns : lucadth
Fifi. 28 — Teeth of (n) Vf*i>*-rlilio futeim. (6) T. bahamen!>i^. (e) V. (iibmtit. (tl) V. tniradoreimt, and
ie) V. nfrntiiiia (5).
of muzzle less than half length of head; ears narrower than in proj)in-
(intis, about as in typical ///.vrHj<.
Ears. — Ears smaller than in typical fn.scns, but of essentially the
same .shape, thus narrower than in proirinqnus. The ear membrai'c is
tliinner and more membranaceous than in true /h.schs, in this re.spect
lesembling that of the other southern races.
Memhranett ami feei. — The membranes and feet are as in typical
/i(.sei(s, allowance being made for the smaller size of hahamensis, and
the diflerence in texture of the membranes common to all the southern
races.
Fnr awl color. — The fur is shorter than in true fnneun, averaging only
about 8 mm. in length on the back. It is distributed exactly as in the
typical subspecies. So far as can be determined from specimens pre
served in alcohol, the color is considerably darker and duller than in
true fusciis.
Ill Ij
i!i
iiii
' : i
1
: f
102
NOItTH AMEKKAN FAINA.
Shull. — The skull of VeHpvrtilio fiincun ImhainvmiH is much siiuvUor
and jiioru lightly built tlian that of typical J'khvhh (HgH. L*4(i auil ^'tn).
I'he skull of a fully adult male uieasures: Occipito-nasal Iciijfth, lfi..j;
zygomatic breadth, 1 1 ; mandible, 12.(5. In form it differs from that of
true J'hhcus in its narrower, deeper, more cylindric brain eas*' and less
sharply 'jH'aked' occiput.
Teeth. — The teeth, like the skull, are smaller than those of true./HKC»«
(tig. 20/;). In a fully adult male the upi)er tooth row (exclusive of
incisors) measures (i.4 mm.; the unmdibular tooth row, 7.8 mm. In
form the teeth differ slightly from those of true fuHcun in the greater
breadth of the inner (lingual) side of the first and second upper molars.
MeaNureinents. — See table, page 1().'5.
SpechncnH c.ramineih — Total number !K), all from the type locality.
Oenvral rrmarhx. — Vespertilio /uscus ImhumeHHkH needs no comparisoit
with typical J'uhvuh or with 1". fnseutt citbiusis, from both of which it
ditt'ers widely in size. Its superficial resemblance to V. fuHvus pro-
pinquHH is closer. Unlike the latter, it has a very narrow muzzle.
VESPEKTILIO FIJSCUS CUBENSIS (Gray).
1839. ScoiophiliiB ritbensis (Jrny, Aim. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 7.
1810. I'espetiUio (hilertreiis (iervais, in Hanion tlo la Sayrn'w Hist, de I'llo «le Cuba,
Mamiiiifires, i>, fi.
1892. fvapiriiijo fiisvnn ciibeiiiiis Cliapiiiau, llull. Am. Mn». Nat. Hitit., IV, p. 31(5.
Type locality. — Cuba.
Geographic (lintribuiion. — Cuba.
General charactern. — Externally similar to VespertiMo fuscus mirarlo-
reitsis, but slightly smaller in general size, and with much smaller ears.
Skull about as large as in true /usvtis, thus much smaller than iu
miradorennis.
Ears. — The ears are delicate and papery, like tho.se of the other
southern races. They are smaller than in either J'hscus proi)er or mira-
dorcuHis. In form they ditfer markedly from those of true fuscKs in
their general narrowness, and especially in their more pointed tips.
The characters of the ears have already been described by Mr. Chapman.
Membraneti. — In form the membranes do liot ditfer from those of the
other subspecies. In texture they agree with the southern forms.
Fitr and color. — The fur is distributed exactly as iu the other sub-
species. In color the specimens, after live years' immersion in alcohol,
are darker and redder, especially on the whole ventral surface, than any
others that I have seen. They even surpass T^ /uncus miradorcnsis in
darkness and richness of color.
Skull. — The skull of Vespertilio fuscus exihensis is about the size of that
of true/M«cu8 or a little smaller, thus distinctly smaller than that of V.
fuscus miradorensisj the form to which cuhensis bears the closest super-
ficial resemblance, and much larger than that of hahamensis, its nearest
geographical ally. In form the skull is similar to that of true fuscus
VKSI'KKTILIO Fl'SCUS CITHF.NSIS.
103
Itiit the brain case is sliglilly less HatteiHMl. The sagittal crest is well
(U'v«'lo[>e(l as in the otluT larye subspecies.
Teeth. — The teeth of VeHj)ertilio /kscuh riiheUHlH i llg. 1,'Oc) ilitVer from
those of trne /hhciim in the ^^reater breadth of the inner (liii<;ual) sides
nf the nuixillary molars. These teeth are also distinctly shortened in
their transverse diameter. These peculiarities are exaggerations of
the conditions found in mlfnihn-inHh and huhanunsifi.
MvttHiirementH. — See table below.
SpeeimeHx e,riimine<l. — Total ntimber, 11, from the following locality:
Cuba: Triuidad, 10 ; , 1.
General remarlm. — Vesperfilio fuscits cubeHtiin is a fairly well marked
insular form apparently most closely related to V. /hhchh iHirathrensin
of southern Mexico. It ditl'ers much less from this larye continental sub-
species than from V./khvuh bukamemifi, its nearest geographical ally.
Averaf/e iiieitmirvmentx of niihtipecics of renperlilio/iiscna.
iiiirttil"r< ntin.
priijnii'jiiuM .
htih(tuitnitig .
ciiliriitie
Ar.issnrhusttts: CaintiritlKe. 'J
XcsvVork: Siiii; Sin;; 10
District (if C'ciluMiliia: 5
WiisliiiiKtoii.
Miasissii)])!; liny St. Louis. . 2
California; Xiiasio Id
Loiii- I'ine 5
Vi'raCniz: Mirailor '•'1
.lie. 1 /
I<a^ Vi-^a.s 1 i
Tlnxcnla: Xlt. Afalinclie 1 -f
Pii.lila: Tcliiii.can ' 2? J
Guateinnla; Zufiil 1 '
Co.sla Kira: San Jost- 1
(riiattinala: Sta. Ysiabcl '1
Xicara;;ua: (iri'ytowii 1 V
Xpw I'roviilenci': Xas.saii . . . '^ 1 -^
Xassnii... 10
(.'uba : Triuidatl U)
Ms
i .£- - a
-■ 7 s te
at ■- ?
►J * := H
116 47. .'. 10, ;. 1 ' t45 6.881 IH i:).:i8.3
li;i.044.' ,J.] y.745.:i 7 80 llt.SlS." 8.3
110. 8 40. 5 lit. 1 'J. 7 44. 8 6. 5 80.5 18. 1 ll'.g 8
108. 5 12
11:J 47
108. 6 40
48 22
.')!) 22
50 21.
50. 5 20.
I 20
49 22
4.') 18
:i7 17
44 18
101.7 42.6 17.
110.7 48,519.
118
120
120
110
110
118
10 J
00
103
.'. 10 47
7 9. 6 40. 4'
6 0,2 44. ft
. 10.6 50
10 50
10 51 '■
611.4 52
7 0. 8 5<l.5
10.4 50
10 52 i
10 '40 !
7.8 40 '
8 42 '
9 8.6 42.7
9 9 48.4
6. 7 70 .'1 17. 5
82 17.8
0.179.4 17 '
8.3 ....L...
12.5 7.8
12,7 8.1
12. 4 8. 1
.... 8.3
8 91 19.4
7 85 18
0. t90 19
7 90 19
0. 4 .... 18. 6
0. 8 93 20
9. 5 . . .
5 08
6 77
6 74
6.6 80
15
14
16.8
15.8
10.7
13 10
13.0 9
1:1 8.8
13.3 9
12 \i
13. 6 i)
11.4 i
a I 7.8
11 'i
U.3 7.6
12.6 8.4
'For the opportunity of ex.tmining these spechuens I iiiii iudebted to Dr. J. A. Allen
of tl'.e American Mitseiuii of Natural History.
-Type.
104
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
=Mi
' ti
[Note. — The Ibllowiiijij M])ecii-8 is not i<'i»re8tut<<l in any of the exteusive ciillictions
«if ))iitH reccMitly made in Jlfxico. As I have never seen the auiiiial ami hi-iici- can
fnrni III) ()i>iuitin a.s to the Wfifrht of its cliurur'ters, I have uot attempted tu iuclnde
it ill tlie !sj'no]i8iH of the North Aiiicricau forum of I'csiivrlilio. Dobson's description,
based on an examination of the type, may be introduced here, however, as an aid
to the recognition of ^he species.]
VKSPERTILIO ALHIGl'LAKIS (Peters).
1S72. f'csjierus {Marsipohvininn) albigularin Peters, Monatslier. K. Al:;id. Wiss., l$erlin,
p. 2r>0.
187x. I'fHjienitio albif/iilarin Dobson, Catcal. Chiw>ptera lirit. Mus., i>. 207.
"Ears very broad and broadly rounded ott" above; the lower half of
the outer margin of the ear conch broadly folded backwards, as in V.
noctula, separated in front from the anj'le of the mouth by a wart, hut
tefminatiiif/ baJoir awl internal to it under the lower jair by a small inter-
nalproloniiation; tragus broad above, attaining its greatest width above
the middle of the inner margin, which is slightly concave, narrowest
oi)posite the base of the inner margin, a prominent triangular lobe at
the base of the outer margin. Nostrils rather witle ajjart. opening sub-
laterally ; muzzle broad and obtuse ; crown of the head scarcely elevated
above the face line.
•'Wings from the base of the toes: postcalcaneal lobe long and nar
row; last caudal vertebra free.
"Fur dark brown above, the extreme tips hoary, as in 1'. novtivafjans^
l)aler beneath, the ehin and throat, as far back as a line connecting the
posterior margins of the ears, pure irhite.
"Upper inner incisors long and broatl and slightly bifid at their
extremities: outer incisors very short, shortly exceeding the cingulum of
the inner cues in vertical extent; the single upper premolar close to the
canine; lower incisors in the direction of the? jaws; first lower premolar
half the size of the second, which exceeds the molars in vertical extent.
"Length (of the type specimen, an adult S ), head and body li".;i5
[59.7 mm], tail 1".5 [38 mm|, head 0".7 [17.8 mm J, ear '.Go x O".!.}
[10.5 nun x 5.8 mm], forearm 1".(J5 |41.9 mm], thumb (►"..'{5 [8.9 mm],
third finger 2".75 [09.8 mm |, fifth finger 2" [50.8 jnni], tibia 0".0 [15.L> mm],
foot0".;?5[8.9mm].
'■'■Hah. — Mexico. Type in the collection of the Herlin Museum.
"This species amy be at once distinguished from all other species of
VeHpertilionida' by the very peculiar manner in which the outer nnngiii
of the ear-conch termiiuites under the Jaw, which has canscd !!;<'
desrriber. Dr. iVters, to make it the tyi>e of a new subgenu.s, Marnii'"
laniufi. Jn the prolongation of the ear conch, in the form of the tiagus,
and in dentition it resembles the African species of Chalinolohuti."
(ieneral remarks. — This species is very ditferent from any of those
recently collected in IVIexico, and is probably well worthy of subgeneric
or even generic separation from Vespertitio. Its characters are so
remarkable and Mexico has recently been so thoroughly exi)lored that
doubt is thrown on the accuracy of Peters' infornmtion concerning the
type localitj'.
LASnilUJS.
105
\
Genus LASIURUS Gray.
WM, Ldslurus Gray. Zoolojjical Miscellany, No. 1, p. 38 (based on tho American liairy-
tailetl bats).
ISGI. l.asiiinii) 11. .Mien. Monoyr. X. Am. Bats, p. 14.
ISTO. AUtlupha rct<r8. Moiiat.sber. K. Akad. Wiss,. IJerlin, p. 907. (Not Atalapha Hati-
nes(iue, 1H14.)
1878. Atalapha iJobson, Catal. C'liiroptera Brit. Mus., p. 267. (Not Atalapha Ratinisijiie,
1814.)
181*3, Atalapha H. Allen, M()nojj;r. BatsN. Am., p. 141. (^ot Atalapha Ratinestine, 1814.)
Type species. — Lasinrus horcuUs (Miiller .
Gi'offraphic (listnbuthn of f/enus. — The whole of North America and
South America, the West Indies, Sandwich Ishmds, and Gahipagfos
Ishinds.
TV , . ,11 1-1 2-2 3-3 „„
(renenc characters. — Dental formula: J. o v.; c, , , ; pm, <> .,; >», ;. .,=32;
upper incisor in contact with canine ; a minute upper [)remolar at base of
canine on inner (lingual) side; dental formula otherwise as in Ikisypiervs^
Kij<ticeiiis,ii\id lihoyei'ssa ; skull (lijis. 28, 20,31) broad, short and deep,
very different in foim from that of any other North American genus
of VcsperiUion'ukc except lUtsyptetns; car (tig. 27) broad, blunt, and
loiimled at tip, hairy on most of dorsal surface; dorsal surface of iiitcr-
fcmoral mend)raiie furred nearly to extreme edge; mamma', 4.
The members of the genus Lasiurus are recognizable among North
American bats by their thickly furred interfemoral membranes. Two
distinct species are known to occur north of Panama; one of these is
divisible into at least live well marked geographic races.
KEY TO XOinil AMERICAN EOUMS OK I.ASHUIS.
!<izt! largo (forearm inoro than oOmm.) ciiieinis ij). 112)
.'^ize small (tbreiirm 3(1-14).
Undtrsidc of wing membrane very 8i)ar8cly haired alonji forearm. »irj-icrt>i«« (p. HI)
Underside of wing membrane thickly fnrretl immediately back of forearm.
Ear .small anil with slightly developed external basal lobe teliotia (p. 110)
Ear large and with well-developeil external basal lobe.
Color mahogany brown acmiiiolKS (j), 10!t)
Color varying from deep rich eherry red throngh orange and
yellow to light yellowish gray.
Color deep rich eherry red, forearm 42-14 pfelfferi (p. 110)
Color varying from yellowish gray to light red, forejirm
30-43 bormliH (]•. lO.'i)
LASIURl'S BOHEALLS (Miiller). Red Bat.
177(>. 1'e»2)eriilio iijrealis Miiller, Natiirsyst. Snppl., p. 21.
1777. rcHpertilio iioreboracviisia Er.Kleben, Syat. Regni Anim., I, p. 155.
1781. rexpertilio lasiiinia Schreber, .Siingthierc, Abth. I, Taf. LXII B (pnblislhd with
Al>th. I\ Heft 4. .*<ee Sherborn. Proe. Zool. Soc. London. 1891, \). 58U).
1785. resperliVio nurvhoraciis Boildacrt. Elenchns Animalinm. I, p. 71.
178,", f'cxpfirtilio lasnruH Boddaert. Eieni-hiis Animalinm. I,]). 71.
17'JtJ, resjwrtilio nibcllu» I'alisot de Beaiivois, Catal. reale'.>* -Museum, p. 204.
lii
III
106 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
1814. Atalapha umericaiia Ratiueaque, I'rc^cia des dccouv. soniiol., p. 12 (nomeu
llll(llliu).'
1815. I'lapcrtilio rubra Ord, (inthrie's Geography, 2d Atii. ed.. 11, p. 201.
1818. I'eKpertilio teKHclatnit IfiittiiOHqiU'. Ainericaii Montbly Ma^., Ill, p. 445.
1818. renpirtilio monncliiis Kafiiipsqne. Am. Montlily Miij;.. Ill, ]). 445.
1820. J'eHpertilio riijHii Waideu. Desciii»tiou tlos I^tats-Uiiis do I'AiiK^rifinc Septentrio-
nale, V, p. tK)6.
18fi3. Lnsiitriis norehoravetisis H. Allen, Monogr. X. Am. Hats. p. 15.
1870. Liisiiiriinfinicbris Fitziiifjer, .SitziiiiKsber. k. Akad. WisHeiisch. Wien, LXII, p. 40.
1878. Aiuhipha >iorebora<en8is Dobson, Catal. Chiroptera Brit. Mtis., p. 269.
18!W. Atalapha iiovvboracitigh \\. Allen. Moiiogr. I!at8 N. Am., p. 142.
1894. Atalapha burealia Khoads, Auiuricau Naturalist, XXVIII, p. 523.
Tifpe localiU). — New York.
(jeoijrdphiv distrihution. — The typical form of Lnsiurus horealin ranges
through the Boreal, Tran.sition, and Austral zones in eastern Xorth
America froni Canada to Florida and Texas, west at least to Iiulian
Territory and Colorado. Southern and western limits of range not
known. Probably breeds throughout its known range.
(ietwral chaructern. — Size small (forearm, 38 to 43; longest linger, 78
to 88); forearm with no distinct tuft of fur
near proximal end; color very variable, rang-
ing from bright yellowish led or fawn color to
yellowish gray; a whitish area in front of
shoulder.
Ears. — Theearsof ty])ical Lasiiiniit borealis
(fig. 21a) when laid forward reach a little
more than halfway from angle of moutli to
nostril. The anterior border is strongly but
irregularly convex from free point of anterior
basal lobe to tip, a distance through wliich it forms almost a semicircle.
The posterior border is slightly concave immediately below tip, then
evenly convex to basal lobe. The convex portion of the outline of the
posterior border forujs the arc of a circle with considerably longer radius
than that of the anterior b(U'der. Posterior basal h)be strongly devel-
oped and deeply iu)tched on anterior border. Inner side of ear naked
excei)t for a few scattered hairs, whicii are esi)ecially luimerous along
{Ulterior and posterior borders. Outer side densely furred throughout
basal two thirds, naked at tip.
Tragus triangular in general outline. AiJterior border straight from
base to slight concavity Just below tip; posterior border straight from
tip to widest point (opi>osite anterior base), where there is a .strong
angle, below which the margin is straight to slightly developed ba.sal
lobe.
Fio. 27 Ear of (a) T.a»iunts bnrt
alin ami (h) L. Mivtit { \2).
■Rafinesiiue says: "J'ai observe cetto espt'ce [J. siciila Raf.J en Sicile, ellediU'iTo
de V Atalapha amvricana { I'tupn'tilio norcboracensii Lin.), autre espi'ce du nit-me geure,
par ises deu.\ premiers et sun dernier caracti-re."
LASIURUS nOREALlS.
107
Mtmhranen. — The flight ineinbranes are attached at base of toes, the
uropatagiiitii at extreme tip of tail.
Fert. — The foot is small, less than half as loiij,' as tibia. Dorsal sur-
face of toes thickly furred. Calcar about twice as long as foot and con-
siderably shorter than free border of interfenioral membrane. It is
slightly developed, indistinctly keeled, and seldom lobed at tip.
Fnr atifl color, — The fur is everywhere full and soft. On middle of
hack it is about 7 mm. in length and on neck about 10 mm. It covers
the basal two-thirds of dorsal side of ear, the whole dorsal side of tiie
interfemoral menibrane, and the dorsal side of the flight membrane to a
line running from ankle to middle of humerus. There is a narrow strip
of fur running along basal third of rtftU metacarpal and a sipnirish
clump at base of thumb. Near base of forearm (in position occupied
by strip of fur in L. vinerem) there are numerous flne scattered hairs,
which are so inconspicuous as readily t<> escape notice. On the ventral
surface the fur reaches about to middle of uropatagium and on flight
membranes to line joining knee and elbow. Beyond elbow a sparse
growth of hairs <;overing an area 10 mm. or more in width extends
along forearm to bases of Angers, where it
liecomes much more dense. The ante-
brachial membrane is covered with a sparse
coating of hairs on the ventral surface.
In color typical LasiHrnH boreal is varies
very extensively, but never shows the ma-
hogany brown of. st'»M/Hr>/H.vortlie intense red
of the tropical races. Re<l specimens are ru-
fous red throughout (the exact shade some-
where between rufous and burnt sienna),
p:iler and more fawn-colored on the belly, the hairs of the back usually
>vith distinct grayish tips, those on the throat an<l chest tipped w ith
wliitish. A yellowish white patch in front of each shoulder. Frefpiently
the white on chest tends to connect the shoulder patclu's by a whitish
collar. The individual hairs (Ui the back arc blackish at base, then
light rufous to the narrow subapical band which gives the characteris-
tic color to the back, and, finally, grayish white at extreme t'\\)s. (Iray
specimens are yellowish gray on the back and but!y on the belly. The
red usually persists as a faint salmon suffusion.
Skull. — The skull of tyi)ical rjoxiunis borenlis (figs. 28 ^f. 29 />) has
the broad rostrum and flaring zygomata of L. vinvn-HH. The dorsal
profile of the skull is neaily straight from external nares to highest
point of occiput. The skull of an adult female from Washington, D.C.,
measures: (Ireutest length, 13.8; zygomatic breadth, 10.2; breadth of
rostrum at posterior edge of large premolar, <»; mandible, 10; upper
tooth row, 5.4; lower tooth row, 0.4.
Teeth. — The teeth (flg. 'M)b) are large, the upper molars bnni^l on the
Fio. 28.— Top view of itkiill of (o) LaH-
iirim IjiiTialix nw\ Oil /<. telinthi 2).
f
iM 'I
!:|
|j
i
i
•
1
' I!
-t
108
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
inner (lingual) side, und the lower molars wide in tiieir transverse
diameter.
MeftHurementft. — 8ee table, page 115.
S2)eehncnti ciamhwil. — Total number. ^587, from the loUowing localities:
Alaluinm: Mobile Buy, 3; Groensburo, !l (2 8kiii.s, Mcrriani cull.;.
ArkiinsaM: Fort .Sniitli, 1.
District of Col mnbia: Washington, 20 (6 skiiis>.
Florida: Old Town, I (skin, Miller coll.); St. Marys, 1.
Gi'orKJa: Riooboro, s.
Illinois: Mount Cannel, 1 (skin); Olney. 3: Warsaw. 2; Wost Nortbticld, 1
(skin).
Indian Territory : Hartsliornt', I (skin): Redland. 3.
Kansas: Cedar Vale, 1.
Kentncky: Iltckniau. 2.
Louisiana: Lafayotte, 1; New Orleans. 2; Pineville, 1; Shn-veport, 1.
Massacbiisetts: Nantucket, 1.
Mississijipi : Hancock County, I (skin, Miller coll.); Washinjjton, 10.
Missouri: Golden City, 1 ; Marble Cave, stone County, 1.
Now York: Greene,!; Hartford, 1 (skin); Oyster Ma\,l ^p';ini; Sing Sing, St).
North t'arolina: Fort Macdu, 1 (skin); Magnetic City, 1 (.skin): Roan Moun-
tain, I (skin).
Oklahoma: I'onca, 2.
Ontario: North Hay. 2 (Miller coll.); Toronto, 1 (skin).
Penns,s" .auia: llainbridge, 1; Carlis|(>, 1 (skin); Kcnmtb .^Siiuare, Chestt-r
County, 1.
South Caralina: Mount Pleasant (near Charleston), 7 (skins. Miller coll.)
Tanmulipas: Matanmras, 2.
Tennessee: Alexandria, 1; Arlington, 2: Big ."^andy, 11; Clarksville. 1 : Dan-
ville, 1.
Texas: Arthur, 3; Hrownsville, l.">8(3 8kius); Clarksville, 1; CoritnsCliristi. 2;
Fort Clark, 1; Nueces Hay, I; Paris, 3; Waco. 1 (skin, Miller coll ); Wichita
Falls, 1.
Virginia: Amelia Court-House, 1; Ik-rryville, 1 (skin); Dismal S\v:im]i, 2;
Gainesville, 1.
Generaf renxtrks. — Typical Lnsiin-us borenlh presents a wide rangii
of individual variation, but may always be distinguished from the
other 8ubsi)ecies by fairly constant characters. It never shows the
mahogany brown coloring of L. horcnUs sou inohiit and seldom approaches
the brilliant cherry red of L. bo)U'ali.H pfeitf'eri. Front L. horealis teliotis
itdiflersin its larger ear with well developed, strongly-notched external
basal lobe.
Specimens from Hrownsville. Tex., where the :uiimal breeds, are
.^slightly smaller than tho.se from New York, and the ear is propor-
tionally siiorter (see table of measurements, p. 115). lu this respect
they are intermediate between true horeaVm and ^Wjof/s, though the ear
is formed exactly as in the typical subspecies. Specimens from Okla-
homa and Indian Territory, on the other hand, are iiidistinguisliable
fiom northeastern specimens.
LASlURr.S BOREALIS SEMINOLUS. 109
LASIL'RUS IJOHKALIS .SEMINOLl'.S (Klioads).
l.Vtr>. AlatapliK Imrealii ittuiu'ila \i\ny.n\>. I'lur. AcinK Niif. 8<'i. Pliila., p. 32.
7'//y>r loraliti/. — Tarixni Springs. Fhi.
(icnfirapltir ih'.itiiht'tii>ii. — Lower Austral ami Tropical zones trow
Sniitli Carolliia to sontii«Tii Texas.
(!i iinal chiirmierx. — In .size and projMJrtioiis similar to typieal Lnsi-
iints hiirmlis: general color inab<»fiaiiy brown, slightly frosted with
yiayish.
Kitrs, membranes, t't-et. and ili.strihution of fur. — In all external char-
acters except «'oior Laxirritfi honnUs seminoliis agrees with typical
liDrtdli.s.
Cnhit: — General ci»lnr rii-li niahojiany brown throughont, the back
(especially between the shonldeis; slightly frosted with gray and tiie
throat and chest varied with whitish. A distinct whitish area in
iVont (if .shoulder as in true honalix. Muzzle, backs of ears, and fur
hiirdering forearm, yllowish brown. Clump of fui' at base of thumb
Avhilish {>r yellowish. <»n middle <if back the fur is about V2 mm. in
length. In tliis region the colors on the individual iiairs are arranged
in four bands as iVdlows: I'asal band deep blackish i)linid)eous (this
liiiud usually broa«ler than in trm- l.oretilis), middle band light gray.
si;bapical band rich mahogany, extieme tij) grayish white.
Color variation in LonhtniH hnrtnVtx xeminnlus is much less than in
typit al /y(ovrt//>, and is ehieriy noticeable in the amount of red in the
mahogany brown, in the amount of white on the throat and chest, and
ill the shade of gray in the broad middle band on the hairs of the
biick. This is often strongly suflused with yellowish.
Skull and teeth. — As in typical lnnealis.
Mrosnremtnts. — See table, page 115.
Sperimeutf examined. — Total uund)er, 19. from the following localities:
Iloii<l:i: Old Town. 3 >kius. MilleJ <oll.); Lake Harney, 2.
(ieoi';;ia : Nashville, 1.
Lonisiana : New Orlean<«, 5.
Mississippi: Hay St. L«iiii«. S.
South C'aroliua: Mount I'leasant i near Charleston), 4.
Texas: Brownsville. 1.
(lenvral rvmarkn. — 1. •niiirnx honalix seminohis appears to be a well-
m 'd sul>speeies contine<l to the Aiistroriparian fauna. The single
specimen taken at Ilrownsville. Texas iNo. oWltT^t, IJ. S. National
Museuiii) As as killed on Septembers. ISIU, and may have been a nugrant.
No intern)e<liates between mminolux an<l true horculis has jet come to
li,uht, but the perfect agreeaient of the two forms in all charaters
except cglornmkes me unwilling to recognize them as spicies. The pos-
sibility that Heminolux and true hortaliy are dichromatic phases of one
species lacks weight on account of the total absence of intermediate
specimens, and alsf> from the fact that both forms have not yet been
found breeding at any one locality.
Si ! !
• Si
110
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
LA8ILRL> BOREALIS PFEIFFERI (Guiullacb).
18H1. Atalapha pfiij/Teri Oniidlac-b. Moiiatsbt-r. K. Trenss Akail. Wi.ns., Berlin, p. 152.
1»7?<. AUtlapliH northoractn*i» var. (i \ AUilaphii pjeifferi) Dobson, (atul. Cbiropteia
Brit. Mu8.. p.J71.
1892. Atalapha uorthoruttmnia jtfeifferi ( liapmaii, Bull. Am. Mns. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 316.
Type locality. — <'iil»a.
OeographJc (VtHtribution. — Cuba. .Taiunicnf Bahnmnsf
General characters. — Slightly larger tlian typical Lasitirng borealin,
but similar in proiiortions; color brighter and more intense.
Earn, membratiettj feet, ami ditttribution of fur. — As in the typical
subsj)ecie8.
Color. — I have seen no skins of the Cuban red bat, and am therefore
unable to give a detailed description of the animal's color. The two
specimens collecte<l by Mr. Chapman in 1892 have now been in alcohol
for Ave years. Hence their color furnishes no trustworthy basis for
comparison with that of continental material. When compared with
alcoholic specimen.s from the eastern United States they are appreci-
ably brighter.
Measurement)!. — See table, page 11.").
Specimens craniinefl. — Two from Trinidad. Cuba (Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist.).
A skull from Na.s.sau, Bahama.>< (Miller coll.), and an imperfect .'skin
from Spanish town, Jamaica, may be referable to tiiis race, but it is not
l)0ssible to identify them with certainty.
General remarkx. — LagiurtiK bortaliHpfcifl'eri is a tolerably well-marked
insular form, distinguisheil from typical boreaUn by its slightly larger
size and brighter color.
LA.^IUKLS BOREALLS TELIOTIS (H. Allen).
1S91. Atalaphit lelioth H. AUen, Proo. Am. Pbilos. Soc.. XXIX, p. 1.
lf<93. Atalapha feUofm \l. Allen, MonouT. Bats N. Am., p. 153.
Type locality. — Unknown, probably some part of California (type in
U. S. National Museum).
Geographic distribution. — This ft)rm is known from a few localities in
California and Lower California from the head of the Sacramento Valley
south to Comondu.
General characters. — Slightly smaller than tjrpical Laniurus borealis;
ear proiwrtionally much shorter than in the typical subspecies, and
with external basal lobe greatly reduced in size; color averaging
brighter than in the tyi>ical form.
Earn. — The ear (fig. 2'bj is similar in form to that of typical bcrealin,
except that the tip is slightly narrower and the external basal lobe is
reduced in size, indistinctly marked oft" from the rest of the. ear, and
scarcely, if at all, notchecl on its anterior border.
Membranes, feet, and digtribution of fur. — The external form, with the
exception of the size and shai>e of ears, is as in true borealis.
Color. — I have seen only fr-r skins of the Californian red bat. In
LASIURUS BOREALI8 MEXICANUS,*
111
Fia. 29.— Sitle view of skull )f
((1) Latitirnn tdiotin am\ {h)
L.borcalis ( ■ 2).
These the coU)r is unitbrnily slightly darker and redder than in ordinary
red specimens of true bonalis. Tiie diftereiice is especially noticeable
oa the intert'euioral membrane, rump, and lumbar region. One skin
( ? ) from Dulzura, Cal., almost lacks the grayish tips to the hairs on
the back. Another (alsn j ) taken at the same place on the same day
Novembe" 5, 1891) shows the gray tips very
distinctly on tbe neck and fore part of the back.
.SAm//. — The skull of LnH'mrux borealis teliotin
(figs. L'8ft. L'9rt) IS distinguishable from thatof typ
ical bonalis by its smaller size, narrower rostrum,
and less Haring zygomata. That of an adult
maie fnmi Dulzura, <'al., measures: Greatest
length. 12.4; zygomatic breadth, 0; breadth of
rostrum at posterior edee of large premolar, 5.2;
upi»er tooth row, 4M. The mandible of this spec-
imen is lost. That ot another adult male from
the same locality measures: Length, (»; lower
to«Jth row, r>.4.
Tee///.— The teeth are smaller than in the typ-
ical subspecies, the ui)per molars are narrower on the inner (lingual)
side, and the mandibular teeth are narrower in their transverse diam-
eter (fig. 30 <M
MftiKuremtntft. — See table. i)age 115.
HinciiiunH ejamineil. — Total number, 10, from the following localities:
California: Exact locality unknown, 1 (tjiie); Hakerslield, 1; Berryessa.
Santa Clara County. 1 (skin); Dnl/iira, 2 (skins, Miller coll.); rresno, 1;
Santa Ysalxl, San IJii-go Connty. 1; Tt-liania, 1; Three Rivers, 1.
Lower California: Cumouilu, 1 iiskin).
General rcmarkn. — lAisiuriin bore-
f//j«/W/o^'.visreadilydistin}j;uishable
from typical borealis hy its smaller
ear, with less develoi>e«i and entire
external basal lobe, smnller skull,
with narrower rostrum, and weaker
dentition. From A. borealis me.vi-
caniiH it differs in c<)m])letely furred
dorsum of iuterfeworal membrane and more hairy under side of wing.
c^d^^^ :^ji^:-:^
Fig. 30.— Teeth of (n) Latiuru$ teliotu &nA (6) L
borralig (x5(.
LASIURl'S HOREALIS MEXICAXL'S (Sanssnre).
l"^!. Jtalapha mexicana Siinssiire, Revue et Mag. de Zool., 2e sor., XIII, p. 97, .Mnrs.,
1861 (sontbern Mexico).
1871. Alalapha fiaiitzii Peters, Mouatslter. K. Prenss. Akail. Wiss., Berlin (1870), p_
908, 1871 (Costa Rica).
187''. Atalapha norehoracensis var. a (Alalapha frantiii) Dobson, Catal. Cliiropfera
Brit. Mns., p. 271.
Tjipe locality. — Xot stated, but without doubt in some one of the
States of southern Mexico, probably Vera Cruz, Puebla, or Oaxaca.
*
i l»
III
m
i:^
112
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
(k-oyraphic (liHtrihiifioii. — Centnil America and soiitlnTn Mexico.
Limits of raii^e miknown.
iivuvrtil clKitacters, — Apparently most like LasinriiH horealix tfli<t1is,
but feet, interfemoral membrane, and under side of wings much less
liniiy.
Eiir.s. — In dried specimens the ears appear to be essentially as in
L. honuilis teliodn, though the exteriml basal lobe may be slightly more
developed.
Membra nen und feet. — These show no distinctive clisiracters.
Fur and color. — On the body the I'nr shows no peculiarities as com-
pared with the other subspecies. On the interfemoral niembranc it
extends thickly to about the middle, then becomes nutre sparse, aiul
linally disappears, leaving the edge «>f the membrane bare. The backs
of the feet are scarcely furred. On the under side of the wings, the
area behind the forearm which is densely fnrred in the other sub
species, is merely sprinkled with inc<mspicuons hairs; these arc. how-
ever, more dense at the bases of the lingers. The antebrachial mem-
brane is also very sparsely furred.
Color as in L. borealis teliotin.
Mt'iLsiirciin'iits. — See table, page 115.
SjKriniens examined. — Total number. 8, from the following localities:
Jalisco :
-, 15.
Teliniuitepet': (juichioovi, 1 (akin;.
Vera Cruz: rcmicla (near Cordova), 1 (skin).
General remarks. — From the unsatisfactory nmterial at my disposal it
ai)pears t'! at //««/«»•»« horealis me.vhanns is a well-marked race, most
like teliotiH, but differing fro:., ihis, as well as from all the other known
subspecies, m the restricted peripheral distribution of the fur,
LAt<lUKUS ClXERliUS (Beanvois). Hoiiry bat.
1790. VeapvrtHio lineretts Pjilisot do Heanvois, Catal. Pealo's Mnseum, Fhiladelpliia,
p. 14. (Obvious raixpriut lor cinereiia.)
1823. I'espertiUo pniinosiiv Say, Long's Kxped. to Rocky Mt8., I, \), 167 (footnote).
18G4. Lasiurus cineieiis H. Allen, Monogr. N. ^^m. Bats, p. 21.
1878. Aliilapha citurca Dobson, Catal. Chiroptera Brit. Mas., p. 272.
1893. JIahipha ciufrea H. Allen, Monogr. Bats N. Am., p. ir>5.
Type loealitif. — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
(ieoffraphie distribution. — Boreal North America from Atlantic to
Pacitic. The hoary bat breeds within the Boreal zone, but in autumn
and winter it migrates .south to the southern border of the United States
and probably much farther.
General eharaeters. — Size, large (forearm, over .')Omm.); prevailing
color, gray; ears with black rims; forearm with distinct patch of fur
uear base.
Earn. — The ears of Lasiurus einereus are in general similar to those
of fj. borealis, but are broader in proportion to their length (see table of
measuremeuts, p. 115). The external basal lobe is less developed thau
LASIiriiUH CINEKKl'S.
113
ill horealiH and without trace of iiotcb on anterior border. Margin of
ear ineuibrane dark brown or bhickisb. Outer side of ear densely furred
to a little beyond middle. Inner side witli eonspieuous patch of yellow-
ish hairs above and in front of middle and a border of similar hairs along
lower part of anterior edge.
Tragus shaped as in L. boreatis, covered with sparse coating of hairs
on outer side.
Membranes. — In form and attachment the membranes are as in L,
borealis.
Feet. — Foot about half as long as tibia; dorsal side thickly furred.
Calcar twice as long as foot and slightly shorter than free border of
interfemoral membrane, it is distinctly though narrowly keeled on
posterior edge, and usually lobed at tip. The terminal lobe is very
variable, and may be well developed ou
one side and absent ou the other.
Fur and color. — The fur is distributed
much as in L. borealiH. As in that species,
it is distinctly longer on neck than on back,
thus forming a ruff. On the neck it aver-
ages about 15 mm. in length, on the back
11 mm. General color, a mixture of light
yellowish brown, deep umber brown, and
white, the yellowish brown clear and un-
mixed on throat, head, and under side of
membranes, the umber brown predominat-
ing on back and dorsal surface of interfem-
oral membrane, where, however, the hairs
are mostly tipped with silvery white, some-
times to so great an extent as nearly to
conceal the dark tints beneath. Lips,
chin, and cheeks sprinkled with short blackish hairs. Ventral surface
with white predominating on belly, between whi<;h and yellow of throat
is a band iu which the umber brown is more conspicuous than else-
where on the under parts. Tufts of fur at bases of thumb, fifth finger,
and forearm, light yellowish brown, like fur ou under side of wing
membranes. On middle of back the individual hairs are colored lis
follows: Deep plumbeous at base; light yellowish brown (shiuling
toward amber distally) through middle half; umber brown subapically;
silvery white at tip.
Color variation is considerable, but never enough to obscure the char-
acters of the species. It appears to be wholly indei)eudeut of locality,
as skins from such widely separated localities as Minnesota and south-
ern California are practically indistinguishable.
One skin from the Sautee Kiver, South Carolina, has the dusky tiuts
throughout the pelage so intensified and extended as Xm suggest melan-
2772— No. 13 8
Fio. 31.— Sknll of Ltuiuru* einereui
(X2).
I ;•
lUi!!!
tin
5S
\n
I I
i
114
NORTH AMKRICAN FAUNA.
Fl<». 32.— Teeth of LaMiirtit einereut (
iHiD. Aiiother from Euruka, (>allt'oruiu, is iu a Himilar phase, tUuugk
not so extreme.
Nkull. — The skull (tij;. .U) rcseinblcH that of Ihtnyptn-HH ittUnnediuH
and iMxiurns boreulin, but is jntei-nii'<liate between the two in size. Tlie
rostrum is broail and sliort and the /yjrouiatic arches broadly tiarin^.
The skull of an adult fennile from Santa Ysabel, California, measures:
GreatestJength, 10.4 ; zyj^oniatic breadth, 12 ; breadth of rostrum at ik)s-
terior border of larjre premohir, S; mandible, 12.<i; upper to ithrow, (J.4;
lower-tooth row, 8. Tliat of an adult female from Fort Snellin;,',
Minnesota, measures:
Greatest length, 17;
zygomatic breivdth, 12;
breadth of rostrum at
posterior edge of large
premolar, S; mandible,
I'iA'f. upi>er-tooth row,
7; lower-tooth row, 8.
Teeth.— The teeth of
Lashiruti vincreiiH (fig.
32) are large and strong, but the minute upper premolar is proportion-
ally smaller than iu L. borcalin.
Measurements. — See table, page 115.
Sj)ecimeHs examined. — Total number, 5(), from the following localities:
Alaliaiua: Mobile JSay, 1.
AUtertii: Ei;iht miles NW. of Red Deor, 1 (akiu, Miller coll.K
Arizona: T)<ni])e, Maricopa Coiint.s , 1.
Calit'ornia: Horryessa, Santa f'Jara County, 1 ; Clovenlale. 1; Knreka, 1 (skin);
Kern Kiver, 1; Mouterej, 1; Nicasio, 1: Panamint Muuutains, l'; Santa
Ysabel, 1 (skin).
C'liiluiahtia.- San Luis Moiiutains, I.
Colorado: Larimer County, 3 (skiu.n, Miller coll.).
District of Columbia : Washington, 1.
Georgia: Savannah Kiver, 1.
Illinois: Warsaw, 1.
Kansas: Jjittle Bhm Kiver, 1; North Falls, 1.
Louisiana: I'inuville, 1.
Maryland: Laurel. 1.
Massachusetts: North Truro, (i (skins. Miller coll.).
Minnesota: Fort Snclling, 1.
Nebraska: Fort Pierre, 1; Fort Union, 2; Loni> F<uk, 1.
Nevada: Vegas Valley, 1.
New Mexico: Dog Spring, (Jrsiut County. 2; Dona Ana, 1.
New York: Westvillc, Long Island, 1; Locust Grove, 4.
Nova Scotia: Halifax. 1.
Tamaulipas: Matanioras, 1.
Texas: Brownsville, t) (I skin, Miller coll.).
Washington: Almota, 1; Fort Walla Walla, 1.
DASYl'TKIU'S.
115
Jreruijt »na''Hni>Dnl» <»/ \orlli .Imerii-an fovmn of l.ttnuiuii.
Niinif.
bnrealil .
teminolut .
I'/eiferi ...
ttliolU
inmeiinut .
eintreui
I^M-iillty.
Ontario : Xorl k Hay
New York : Siiij; Sing . . . .
IJiHirict of ( ' o I II III li i II :
I Wiutliinctiiu.
MiKAimtippi: \Vii.tliiii^ti)ii.
TexiiK : llr<»« iiHvillu
' S«iitli Carolinii: Cliarlt-M-
I
tun.
Florida: I^<kv iiariiry
Miitiiiy»ip]ii: Hay St. I,«ui.'<
Ti-IiiM: l!r<iwiis\ ille
Cuba: '1 riiii<lii>l
Caliruruia : .' ( I y jie)
Tlirw KiviTH..
Tl'llHIIIil
I'ulil'lHtit'llI . . .
JuliM-ii
Xi-w Yorit; LimiihI (imvi'.
California: l':iuaiiiiiit Mt8
rloveriliili'. . . .
Moiilt-n y
Kmi llivpr...
%l I
ft -?
I
III
10
•1 r,f
1.^
■ij '
1
1 f
1 ■"
I .'
li
I
I '
I
\d
^
1 I
9 —
lOfl 47. r. l». 5 7. -J 39 0. 7
no. 4 50.!»|ll).0 7,8|30. 7 7
I0:i 47. .•. 10. '.' 7. 4 38. 5 0. 3
I05.fl4!». I HI. -J 7. 140.1 7.3
10H.ii,V2, 7 IH.6 7.0 40. « 0.4
lUO 4)1 10 0.9
97.
104.
ll.l
100.
90
107
100
it:i.
::i4.
130
130
138
140
3 50
54
5 50.
47
57
'4'i
3 ,"i7
5.17.
5«l.
52
:u
58
19.3 7
19.3 7.6
•JO
40 7
40 7
40.2 7.4
42 ' 7
:• 21. H
. 21)
7 44
li. 39
.... H 37
20 M 39
111. 8.0 40
20.2 «. 141.2; 7.4
23.2'lO 50.2il0.6
0.8
7
0.0
fl.4
7
a s
a
U3
7'.i..'. 11.8|11.4 8.5
81.711.911 7
79.3 11.210.1 6.5
80.4 11.8 10.1 0.7
82.8 10.5, 9.8 «. I
81 12.7!l0.7 6.9
79
83
87
11.3
12
12.6
89. .•> 12. 5
79 9
74 9.8
82 9. 4
70 10
80.513
107 18
5 23. fi 9
23 10
24 il
23 9
54 jio ;
46 10. 4
.55 10
51 10
109
101
110
103
17.5
17
17
18
10 6. 5
11 0.5
11.4 7
10.7 6.8
7.6 .'■..4
9.8 0.4
9.6 6
9 j6
10.2 6.5
17.2 9.5
17.7 9
15 I »
16 I 9
17.6 9
Genus DASYPTERUS Peters.
1864. Lasiuriie H. Alleu, Mono>;r. N. Am. lints, )>. 2't (purt).
1S71. Diiitypteriia Peters, Moiiatslier. K. Akiid. Wiss., Berliu (1870), p. 912 (HiibueniiH).
MX. .Italuplia Dolmoti, Catal. C'hiropteru lUit. Miih., p. 2ti7. (Part — iiot .itulapha
Kaiiue.siiiic, 1814.)
lsi)3. hasiiptenia II. Allen. Moiioo;r. Biitn N. Aui., p. I.'i7 (^enus).
Tffpe specietf. — Du^^ijpU'niH internwliits H. Allen.
Gcotfraphiv (figirihution of type .sjK'vien. — Cxiilt' States iiiid nurtheu.stem
Mexico.
(itographic distribution of jieiitm. — The range of the geiiu.s is the same
as that of the only known species.
Generic eharacterif. — Dental t'ornmla:
. 1-1 i_i i_i 3_3
''3-.V 'M-l? i^'"'2-li5 ^"'333='*"'
upper incisor in contact with canine; skull (tig. 3;») ea.sily distinguish
able from that of any other American genus of VexpertHionid<v, e.vcept
LdHiurus, by its extreme shortness, depth, and breadth; ear consider-
ably higher than broail, somewhat tapering at tip, naked on lialf of
dorsal surface; dorsal surface of intertiemoral membrane furred on
ba.sal balf only ; mamuiic, ■i.
f
fjl!
f
m i ; '
i.
116
NOKTIi AMKKU'AN FAUNA.
(ieneral remarkn.—Yf ithout seeing the South Ainericttii Hpecies orig-
inally »8«o«iated with 7>. hitermeiUuM by TeteiH, it is imposnible to
determine whether theHe belong in the gunuH »n now understood.
l)A8YlTKKirs INTERMKDIIIS II. Allen.
1«6H. iMtitirna inUrmedim II. Allen, I'roc. Acad. Nat. Soi. I'liilii. ( IWKi), p. I4tt.
IWkI. l.a»iiirHM hitermKUiiM H. Allen, Mono^r. N. A. Hats, p. 2.%.
1878. Alitlapha inUnimUa Dolmon, Catal. ChiropU-ra Mrlt. Muh., p. 'SIX.
1898. IhiHtipleruH intermediuH H. Allen, Monogr. Mutn N. Am., i>. 137.
Type ^*m/i/i/.— Matunionis, Taniauliptts, Mexico.
Geographic tliHtnhiition.—GnU States and northeastern Me.xico.
Gencrnl vharacterH.—^'v/.e^ large (tbrearni, 45-r>(i); color, light brown.
fc'a>-/».— The ears are short, reaching barely to nostril when laid for-
ward. The dorsal surface is densely furred on basal half, but other-
wise the ear is naked except for a sprink-
ling of hairs on inner side, especially along
anterior edge. Beginning at lower edge
of basal lobe the anterior margin is Hrst
strongly convex, then nearly straight for
a distance of about G mm., then abruptly
conveji: (or even angular), after which it
continues nearly straight to narrowly
rounded ofl' tii». Posterior bor< r slightly
concave immediately below ip, then
gently and evenly convex to notch above
posterior basal lobe. Posterior basal
lobe well developed, slightly notched on
lower side, and joining face about 5 mm.
behind angle of mouth.
Tragus blunt and bent forward, antori<u'
border nearly straight to slight concavity
just below tip. Posterior border convex
immediately below tip, then straight to point opposite anterior base.
Here a sharp angle is formed, below which the margin is irregularly
crenulated to base.
Feet. — The foot is moderate in size, a little less than half as long as
tibia. Calcar slightly shorter than tibia, very indistinctly keeled and
terminating obscurely or in an ill-defined lobe.
Membranes. — Membr<ane8 thick and leathery. Wing membrane at-
tached at base of toes, uropatagium near tip of last caudal vertebra.
Free border of uropatagium slightly longer than calcar.
Ftir and color. — The fur is full and soft. On the middle of the back
it is about 12 mm. in length. The fur of the back extends on basal half
of outer side of ear, basal half of dorsal surface of interfemoral mem-
brane, and base of wing membranes. On the latter it occupies a strip
about 10 mm. in width. There is a slight tuft of hair at the base of the
Flo. 33.— Skull of Vasfiplertii intertm'-
diuit (X2,)
DASYPTERITS INTERMEDIIIS.
117
tliiiiiil), and ill iiiuiiy HpeciiiuMiM ix faintly iiHli<-ikt<Ml tiitt near ]»roxiinal
end of foi-iMiiiii. On the ventral nurfac^ tlie fur barely remdieH the
nropntagium e.\ce])t aloni; the \m»ii\ fourth of tail. A thin contiii); of
fur oecu|)ies the under Hide of the wing membrane to a line Joining
olbow and knee. Ileyoud this it e.xtendH in a Htrip about 10 mm. wide
along i)osterior edge of forearm to bases of lingers. The greater i>art
of the propatagiiim is thinly furred.
Color light yellowish brown of variable shade, the hairs throughout
the IxMly with narrow dark itlumbeous bases and those of the back
with faintly dusky tips. The general eti'eet is suggestive of the color
of VipiHirelluH nuhflanin.
Skull ami teeth.— The skull (fig. 3.J) and teeth (flg. 34) have been siif-
liciently described under generic characters. The skull of an ailult
Fio. IM.— Teeth of Daitf/pteruB inlermedUu ( x B).
feniiile from Brownsville, Tex. (No. 52.')40, U. H. National Maaenin),
measures: Greatest length, 19.6; /j'gomatit; breadth, l.j; breadth of
rostrum fit iK)8terior edge of premolar, !»; mandible, 15; upper tooth
row, 8; lower tooth row, 9. The skull of an adult male from Houma,
La., measures: Greatest length, 18; zygomatic breadth, 13; breiulth
of rostrum at ijosterior edge of premolar, 8; mandible, 14; upper tooth
row, 7 ; lower tooth row, 8.6.
MeuHurementH. — Average measurements of 18 specimens of Dasypte-
riis intermedivH from five localities are given in the following table:
Average measuremeulu of 18 specimens of Dasyptcrus intermedius from 5 localitits.
Locality.
li
i
a
"3
1
Tail vertebra;.
1
H
24.9
20
18.0
20
18
1
s>
1
a
u
S
§ X
1
1
8
«
Tovas* lirowiiflville .........
109?
29?
3
Id"
145
126.5
130
127
120
S5.9
52
61
63.5
54
10
8.7
9
9
8
65
48
46
4.5.5
47
8.0
7
6
HI
96
95.5
18.8
18.5
18
14.4
15.5
15
8.8
Loiiifliana* Tjafavette .........
9 3
Hoiiiiia . ........
9 4
Florida • Old Town
Mullet Lake
7
95
17
14
8
;(;;:
m
;: I i
ii Hill
I
118
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
iipevimcnHvxnminetl. — Total iimrber 7li, from the following localities:
Flori'la: 1 )iivenpoit, 1 (skin); Mullet Lnke, 1; Old Town, 3.
Louisiana: liafayctte, 2; Ilouiiia, 2 (1 Hkin).
Mississijipi : Haiicotk County, 1 (skin).
Taniaulipas: Matanioras, 3 (2 skolctons).
Texas: Brownsville, 57 (2 skins); Padre Island, 1; Cameron County, 1.
(icneral remarlft. — Aside from its generic characters Dasypterua
/Mter»MCf7/M» is distinguishable among North American bats by its large
size, small ears, and yellovish brown color.
Specimens from Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida average dis-
tinctly smaller than those from lirownsville, Tex. (which are essen-
tially topotypes). More extensive material than that now available
may show the necessity of recognizing two subspecies, a larger Tamau-
lipan (typical) form, and a smaller Austroriparian form.
Genus NYCTICEIUS Rafinesque.
1819. Xycticeiiig Rafinesque, Journ. do Physique, LXXXVIII, .Tunc, 1819, p. 417.
1827. Xyt'iiceiis Lesson, Man. de >Iannn., p. 98.
1827. Xyrticrjua Teinniinck, Mouoj^rapliies do Mamm., 1, p. xviii.
1830. KycHceyjr Wagler, Natiirl. System dcr Ampbihieu. p. 13.
1831. XjicUcea Le Conte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal Kingdom, p. 432.
1864. Nycticejiia IL Allen, Jlonogr. N. Am. Bats, p. 11.
1878. Nyvticcjua Dobson, ("atal. t'biroptera Brit. Mns., p. 266.
1893. KycUcejm H. Allen, Monogr. Bats N. Am., p. 131.
Type specien. — Xyeticeivs humeralis Eafinesque.
Oeoyraphie (lisirilmiion of type species. — Austral zones in the Eastern
United States.
Oeoyraphie distribution of genus. — Austral zones in the Eastern United
States. Cuba.
Oenerie characters. — Dental formula;
. 1-1 1-1 1-1 3--3 _
'' 8-3' ^^ 1-1' ^'"' 2-2' ^^^'S-S ~ '
upper incisor distinctly separated from canine; lower incisors scarcely
crowded; outer lower incisor tricuspidate and not smaller than others;
skull low and narrow ; uropatagium furred at extreme base only ; tragus
blunt and bent forward; tip of tail free trom membrane; mamma', 2.
The genus Nycticeius as thus defined is peculiar to America, where it
is represented by one species. It dift'ers in dental formula from all
other genera of American VespertiHonida' excei)t Dasypterus and
lihoye'cssn. From the former it is distinguishable by its differently
shaped skull, wide space between upper incisor and canine, and essen
tially naked uropatagium. From lihoyecHsa, it is separated by details
in the structure of teeth and skull, as well as by external characters.
NVCTICEIl'S HITMERALLS Rafine8<iue. Ratiuesque's Bat.
1818. t'emterlilio Innneralis Ralinosqne, American Monthly Mag., Ill, p. 44.').
1819. Nyrticeiiix hiimeraJix Ralluesqne, Jotirn. do Pbysioue, LXXXVIII, p. 417.
1831. Nycti':ea viejmHCiilaria Le t'onte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal Kingdom. I, p. 432.
NYCTICKI118 IIIMKRALIS
119
18t»4. XticticejHx vri'iiiiHcularix II. Allen, Moiiiigi . N. Am. Hats, i». 11.
187H. Ntjclivfjna eirpimcularh DobHOii, Catal. Cliiroptora IJrit. Mus., ]). 2(56.
18!tl. lyiicticeJHn hiimeralxH Thonms. Ann. * .Mas;. Nat. Hist., fith ncr., VII. p. i»28.
IH93. XjiclicejuH liiimcraliH 11. Alien, Monogr. IJiits, N. Ain., p. 132.
Tfipe locality. — Kentucky.
(ieof/rapitic distribution. — Austral /ones in the eastern ITnited States
west to Arkansas and southern Texas.
(ietieral characters. — Size, mediuni (total length, 88 to 95; forearm,
34 to .{8); color, dull browni.sh, slightly paler benctit'K
Harn. — The ears are small and for their ■•ize remarkably thick and
leathery. They arc naked throughout except at extreme base above.
Lower anterior half of inner suf-face with a few sliort scattered hairs.
Anterior border strongly convex immediately above small but dis-
tinct anterior basal lobe, then very slightly
convex to narrowly rounded oft" tip. Poste-
rior border gently concave from immediately
below tip to a little below middle, tlui con
vex to slightly developed external bas-ii lobe.
Tragus short, broad, and blunt, bent slightly
forward; posterior base with distinct lobule.
Membranes. — The membranes, like the ears,
are thick sind leathery. Wing membranes at-
tached at base of toes, uropatagium at middle
of terminal caudal vertebra.
Fur and color. — The fur is sparse and short,
that ou middle of back averaging about
mm. in length. It is closely confined to the
body, barely reaching extreme base of uropatagium and flight mem-
branes.
Color duU umber brown above, paler below, the fur everywhere
l>lumbeoas at extreme base, but the dark basal color less well deflned
than in other 8i>ecies with which Ni/cticeins is found associated. Tlie
exact shade va.ies slightly, but is usually burnt umber or mummy
brown on the back and raw umber or hair brown on the belly. One
skin from Hickmnn County, Tenn. (No. ;50(»37, U. S. National Museum),
is dark sepia above, broccoli brown below.
Skull. — The skull (t»g. 3o) is short, broad, and low. That of an adult
female from Sans Souci, N. C. ( Xo. 43037, U. S. National Museum ), meas-
ures 14 mm. in greatest length and 1(» mm. in zygomatic breadth ; great-
est length of mandible, 10.6. Dorsal luotile nearly straight from external
nares to occiput, but slightly convex over front part of brain case.
Occiput never developing strongly msirked ridges. Length of bony
palate behind molars (exclusive of central spine), about half width of
interpterygoi<l fossa.
Teeth. — The teeth (fig. 30) are not so large as might be expected from
the niasaiveness of the skull. Upper tooth row of adult female from
Sfins Souci, N. C, 0; lower, G.8. Upper incisor close to canine, but
Fid. 35.— Skull of yi/Hictiu*
humeialit (X2).
,|1i:
120
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Jii
separated from it by a space less than half as great as the diameter of
the incisor. Upper molars much narrower on the inner side than on
the outer side. Outer
lower incisor with trans-
verse diameter of crown
slightly greater than
that of second or third.
Measuremeitts. — In the
following table averafi^e
measurements are given
of 35 specimens of Nye-
ticeius humeralis from the United States, and for comparison, Gund-
lach's measurements of a dry specimen of N. humeralis eubanua.
^^^^
Fio. 36.— Teeth of Nt/etieHux htimeralii ( ^ 5).
Average mraaiiremenlB ofSG ajyecimens of XycUceius.
Name.
hvmeraliii
eiibanuii .
Locality.
Pennsylvanih : Carlisle. .
Virginia: Dismal Swaiiip
Teiinoaaei' : Big Siindy. . .
IVxas : Hrowiisvillo
Ciil>a
a u
« *rf ^
1 c
10 93.5 36.9
5j91. 4 35. 8
10 92.2 36.3
92. 3 37. T
..;29
a
t
■■a
a
i
J
2»
9 B
.s
es
s
a^
ii-
JS
g
I
.a
g
H
(<4
Ui
H
ij
— -
-~
13.8
13.4
13.7
13.6
II
6. 7 36.
7.7 35.
7.3 34.
7. 2 36.
6.7 30
5.4 64.5 13.810
663.4|l3.510.5
563.413.1' 9.9
7 8.8
3 65.2;12.
555
6.1
0.2
5.9
5.1
Spceimem examine^l. — Tot.il number lol, from the following localities:
Arkannas: Fort 8iiiifb, 5.
District of Columbia: WasliinRton, 2.
Florida: Titus villo, 1; Chattahouilitio, 1.
Georgia: Ricoboro, 3.
Indian Territory : Rcdlaud, 4,
Keiitncky: Hickiiinn, 7.
Louisiana: M«'r Roujje, 19; PineviHc, i.
MiHHisHippi: Bay St. Louis, 17; Wasbingtou, 2.
Nortb Carolina: Hertio County, I); Sans Souci, 4 (skins).
Pennsyl-'iinia: Carlisle, 12.
TaniaulipaH: Matamoras, 1.
Tennessee: Big Sandy, 13; Danville, 2; Warnor, 1; Arlington, 4; Hickman
County, 1 (skin).
Texas: Brownsville, 32; Paris, 3; Arthur, 1; Lomita Rancb, 2; Hidalgo, 1.
Virginia: Dismal Swamp, .">; near Rivcrtou, 1 (skin, Miller coll.).
NYCTICEIUS HUMKRALIS CUBANUS (Oundlach).
1861. Vetpenis eubanua Gundlach, Monat«ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 150.
1877. NficticetuH vuhanus, Gundlach, Contribuciim ii la Mamalogia Cnbana, p. 33.
Type Incality. — CuV)a.
Geogrophic iHHtrihu turn. — ( ^ uba .
NYCTICEIUS HUMERALIS CUHANU8.
121
o
S
i
a
.9
10
0.1
. 5 10. 5
0.2
.1 9.9
5.9
.7
8.8
6.1
Characters. — I have not seen specimens of Njfcturiuti from Cuba, but
Gundliicb's careful description of tlie animal leaves no doubt that it is
distinct from tbe form occurring on the mainland. It is distinguisbed
from tbe latter by smaller size and ai>parently also by paler color. A
translation of Gundlach's second and more perfect account of tbe
animal is as follows: "Pelage above ligbt tawny (tlie fur blackish at
base), beneath pale reddish tawny (the base of the fur likewise black-
ish). Face and flight membranes blackish brown. The nose ajtpears
somewhat divided by the projecting nostrils; between the nose and the
eyes there is on each side a protuberance with bristly hairs. Kars oval,
lengthened (8 mm. high in front). The anterior base rounded and
spreading outward; the posterior at the angle of the mouth forms a
semicircle. This semicircle, which bends inward to the tragus, forms
another rounded enlargement. Tragus oblong, scarcely narrowed
tbroughout, somewhat bent in the form of a sickle forward and pro-
vided with a tooth shaped lobule at the base of the exterior border.
Nails tcawny.
''The measurements of a dry specimen are as follows : Width between
extremities of wing, 0.180 m.; total length of body, 0.04r»; length of
tail, 0.02d; length of head, 0.016; length of ear, 0.012; length of fore-
arm, 0.030; length of thumb, 0.005^; length of second or index tinger,
0.029^; length of third finger, 0.055; of fourth finger, 0.040 ; of fifth fin-
ger, 0.040; lengtb of tibia, 0.011; length of foot to the end of nails,
0.0063; length of calcar, 0.013.
" This is a rare species. I have only observed it at Ilabana (Cerro) in
a house where it lived in a crack above the window, and in the field
near Gi^rdenas, where I killed it while flying about at dusk. A female
contained two embryos in May." '
, p. 150.
33.
' Pelnje, por oncinia palido-pardo (los pelos con In Laao iii'^rrnzcn), ]>or deltajo pitlido
lieriiieji'zo-parilo (la linse <lo )oa pelos tauibicn negrnzca). Cara y meni1>i'nnaH vola-
(loraH, morenas. La nariz aparcco algo dividida ])or las ventaiia.s snltuuaH; (Mitre la
iiariz y los ojos hay ou cada lailo iin lollo con pelos tiesos. Orejas ovali's, alar^jadns
(por delaute con 8 mil. de alto). La base anterior, vedonda y extnndida Lacia f'nora;
la posterior, pelada «>n el itngulo de la boca y extendida en nn senile ircnlo, <ine incli-
nado hitcia dentro Lasta la orojnela, forma una seKiiiida ampliacicin redonda. Ore-
jnela oblonga, adelga/.audoae apt^nas, algo oncorvada en forma de bo/ liacia delantc,
y provista on la base del borde exterior con iin btbnlo dentifornie. I'nas pardas.
Lasmedidas, toniadas de nil ojemplar <lisi-cado, son:
Anchura entre las pnutas del ala, 0.180 mil. ; longitnd hnata el (in del cnerpo, 0.015;
loiigitiid del rabo, 0.029; longitnd do la cabo/a, 0.016; loiigitud de la oreja, 0.012;
longitud del antobrazo, O.OHO; lougitud del pnl<jrar, O.OOoi ; longitnd del segniido dedo
(> indice, 0.029i ; longitnd del tercero dedo, 0.055; longitnd del quarto dedo, 0.040;
longitnd del qninto dedo, 0.040; longitnd de la tibia, O.Oll : longitnd del pi6 hastael
Iin de les uTias, O.OOfiJ; longitnd del ospolou, 0.013.
Efl especie rara. La be observado solamente on la Ilabana (Cerro) en una casa
donde vivia, en las rendijas S(d)ro una ventana, y en el nampo eerea de C'lirdenas,
donde la mat^ al oscnrecer volando. Una 9 tenia en mayo dos embriones.
f
i'
li
1 !
H
122
NORTH AMERICAN FAINA.
Genus RHOGEESSA K. Allen.
1866. IlhogeHxm H. Allen, Proc. Aciid. Nat. Sci., Phila.. p. 285 (jjonns).
1873. Ilhoijiieam MurHcliull, Noinenclator Zuologicns. Mainin , p. II.
1878. Hhogci'-<sa Dobson, Catal. Cliiroptcra I>rit. Muh.. p. 245 (siib<;«iiuN(>l' ' J'eepeviujo'),
18!t3. Rhofiiiium IT. Allen, Monogr. Bats N. Am., p. Vi'2 (jrenuH).
Type HpecieH. — Rhoy :i'88a tumida II. Allen.
Gcof/raphic dixtrihution. — Troi)i(!al Mexico,
Central America, and i)robably northern Sontli
America (known from Margarita Inland, Vene-
zuela^.
Oencrk' characterH. — Dental formula:
1-1
1-1
pm.
1-1
^. ; m.
:\-3
.*?0:
^';jI3' ''1-1' '""'2-2' '"'3-3
lower incisors crowded, the outer cusj) of first
and second obsolete; third lower incisor greatly
reduced in size, unicusimlate (tigs. .'57 a and 38a);
ui»i)er incisor very close to canine or in contact
with it; skull small, light, ajid papery, narrow
and deep; external form variable, but tragus
always straight or bent backward, and tail in-
cluded to tip in interfemoral membrane.
Remarks. — The genus Rhofiei'usa has received
varying trcJitment. It was originally described
as a full genus whose relationships were sup-
posed to be with NyctiveiuH and NyvtinomuH.
In 1S7S Bobson referred it to ^Vrsperuyo^ ns a
subgenus. This view has been adopted by
most subsequent writers ex<'ept Mr. Oldlield
Thonuis and l>r. Harrison Allen, both of whom
have recognized Rhoyd'Hrn as a
full genus related more closely
to NycticeiuH than to any of the genera usually included
under the name ' VespcrufioJ' Mr. Thomas has pointed
out characters in which h'hogecssa resembles Antro-
zoHn. These chaiacters, the reduced size of the outei-
lower incisor and slightly creiuilate posterior border
of tragus, seem to be instances of parallel de\elop
ment rather tin. indications of genetic relation.ship. The genus
Rhoflei'Ksa is closely related to Nyetictiits, but the peculiarities of the
lower incisors nnd the general form of the skull are enough to warrant
its recognition.
Fio. 37.— Left tnanilibiilnr in-
risora of (a) It'liotjirim and
(ft) Nycticeiui ( 20).
Fir). 38.— ("rowTiSDl'in-
I'isdi-sot'iijjlil nmiiili-
lilc (if (a) llho'ifiKsa
ami (b) Xncticrinn
{ 20).
RFIO(iEKSSA TIJMIDA. 123
KEY TO SI'ECIKS OF UHOCKKSSA.
J.nt<>ral iiiainlihular incisor siaroely oue-twciitieth as Irtrjji' as central
incisors aUeHi (p. 12>^)
Lateral niantliltnlar int-iiior one-half to two-thinls ns larjio as •■cntral
incisors.
Kar laid forwaril, rcachinj; aliiint tJ mm. bcyiind tip of nos« ijracilis (p. 126)
Ear laid forward, n-achin-j alMint to tip of nose.
Fnr jrrayisli brown at liaw parriila (p. 125)
Fnr yellowish tlironuliout.
Fori-arm aliinit :40 mm Inmidti (p. l-!3)
Foroann alM>nt 2."» mm niinulilla (p. 125)
Hno<;KKS.<?A TIMIHA H. Alien.
186«). Iiho(iei-BKa tiimidn H. Allen. I'roc. Acad. Nat. Sci. I'liila., p. 2K(!.
1877. f'enpenigo i>arriilnM Dolison, Catal. Cliiroptera llrit. Mus., ji. 215.
Tifite locality. — Mirador. Vera Cruz. .Me.xit'O.
(ieof))aphic tlistributinn. — Central America and sontliern Mexico.
(ieiural ehanutrrs. — Size small; lenj^th. 70 to 7.1; tail, lH) to 'M't; fore-
arm, 27.4 to 30. Calear strong, distinct, slightly longer than free border
of uropatagium, terminating in a small but evident lobule conspicilou.sly
keeled on the iM)sterior border. Free border of uropatagium mikeil.
Ears moderate, laid forward they reach about to tip of no.se. Wings
from base of toe.s. Legs and feet short and strong, the feet when out-
stretched reaching t<» within ii mm. of tip of tail. Fur yellowish, the
hairs on the back with dusky tips.
Ears. — The ears (PI. I. tig. S) are moderately long, reaching, when
laid forward, about to tip of nose; the substance of the conch thick
and leathery. Anterior border strongly <;oncave from base to a little
past middle, then straight to narrowly rouiuled-oft" tip. Posterior border
concave just below tip. then gently and evenly convex to base. No
indication of ba.sal notch.
Tragus directed slightly forward: the anterior edge nearly straight,
but slightly concave at base, and curved a little backward at tip.
Posterior edge faintly crenulate. concave below tip, then concave to
slightly developed ba.sjil lobe. <-reatest width of tragus at about
middle of po.sterior border.
Mnnbraurs. — The membranes. es]>eci.; ly the uropatagium, are rem.irk-
ably thick an»l leathery for so small a bat. Throughout they are wholly
naked except close to the bmly and along the veins on theinterfemoral
membrane. Wings from ba.se of toes. Uropatagiuni (PI. I, tig. 13)
attached at tip of terndnal caudal vertebra.
Feet. — The feet and legs (PI. I. tig. 13) are short and strongly built,
in this respect resembling X. Iiunnralis. The foot is scarcely one-half
as long as the tibia, and the t«»es are slightly longer than the sole.
The toes are not united by membrane at base, (^alcar distinct and
strong, slightly longer than free border of uroi>atagium. Lobule at
1:||=
!
i9 '
in
124
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
tip of ciilear suiall but distiiut. Ki-el well developed and 8Ui)|K)rted by
one or two cartilaginous outjrrowths.
Fur and aAor. — There is nothing peculiar in the distribution of the
fur. It extends in a very narrow line on the wingH along the side of
the body both dorsally and ventrally, and on the uropntagium rovers
the basal fourth dorsally but scar-ely reaches the membrane on the
ventral side.
In color the fur is dull yellowish brown throughout, scarcely paler
ventrally, the hairs dusky at tip. Ears and membranes dark brown.
Skull. — In general appi'arance the skull of Rhotfeessa tumUla (fig. 39)
stands between that of Xydiceiux humeralis and Pipistrellus suhHavutt.
The skull of an adult female from Santo Domingo, Oaxaca (No. 73267,
United States National 3Iuseum, Biological Survey collection), meas-
ures: Greatest length, 13; zygomatic breadth, 8.4; breadth of rostrum
at anterior edge of first molar, o; mandible, 9;' upi^er tooth row, .5.6;
lower tooth row, 6. That of an adult female from Patuca, Honduras
(No. 21017,1'nited States National Museum), meas-
ures : Greatest length, 12.4; zygomatic breadth, 8;
breadth of rostrum at anterior edge of first molar,
4: mandible, 9.4 ; upper tooth row, 5; lower tooth
row, 6, The rostrum is relatively narrower than
in Xycticeiug and the occiput is more elevated.
The muzzle is distinctly concave in front of orbits
instead of flat or almost convex as in Xycticeimt.
Teeth. — Upper incisor usually in contact with
canine, though occasionally separated by a narrow
space (fig. 40fl). Maxillary teeth essentially as in
Nyctieeius, but premolar relatively larger and posterior molar narrower
in proportion to its length.
Lower incisors greatly crowdetl, the outer cnsp of * 1 and i 2 much
smaller than middle and inner cusp. Outer lower incisor uni uspi
date, about one-half the size of i 1 or » 2. Other mandibular teeth
essentially as in XyeticeiuH, but premolars more crowded.
MeaxuremenU. — See table, page 129.
SpecimenH exam'metl. — Total number, lU, from the following localities:
Coliiiia: Col i ma. 3.
Costa Rica: . 1.
Guatemala: Hiiehiu-tan, 1.
Guerrero: Araiila. 1 (Merriain roll.).
Honduras: P<ttnca, 2.
Oaxaca: Santo Domingo, 1.
Vera Criiz: Mirador, 1.
Qeneral remnrlcs. — Rhogeexsta iumula needs comparison with R. par-
rula and R. minHtiUn only. From the former it is distinguished by its
clear yellowish fur without darker base, and from the latter by its con-
siderably larger size.
' Ah the mandible is imperfect, this mcasiireuieut is only approximately correct.
Fig. 3» sic nil of Rhoffrftm
tnmi(la{x2).
RHOUBK&SA FARVULA.
125
Dobsuii aud ui08t sabsequent -Mithors Lave wiougly applied the spe-
cific uanie parrula to this s])ecies. So far as kiiowu h'. parvula is
restricted to the Tres Marias Islands.
[The folIowinK Hpet-iea is not Nortli American, bat is iutruthK-od ben^ to complete
tbe ar.-i-onnt of the genus lihogci'aaa. ]
KUOGEESSA MINUTILLA Miller.
1806.
f'rtiterugo parriihic Robinson, Proc. U.S. National Mnseuni, XVIII, p. 651 (not
Ilhogfi'tna parnila H. Allen).
1X97, nhog(v*»a minutilla Milltr, Proc. ISiol. Sot: Wasliinjrton, XI, p. 139, May 13, 1897.
Type locality. — Margarita Islaud, Venezuela. (Type in U. S. Natioual
Musenui, Xo. a321«.)
Geographic dUsiribution. — This species is probably confined to Mar-
garita Island.
General characterg. — Similar to RhoyevHsa tumida, but considerably
.smaller (forearm, only 25 mm.).
Earn. — The ears of the type (when relaxed by soaking in water)
appear to be smaller and narrower than in R. tumida, but otherwise not
I>ecn1iar.
Membra nex, feet, and digirihution of fur. — As in li. tumida.
Color. — Fur everywhere light yellowish brown to base, the hairs on
the back tipiHMl with chestnut. The color appears to differ sliglitly
from that of ^. tumida, but I have too few skins to make an adequate
comparison.
Skull. — The skull of the type and only known specimen Is so much
injured that its characters can not be determined with certainty, but it
appears to be smaller and relatively narrower than that of R. tumida.
Greatest length, 11.8; length of mandible, 9; upper tooth row, .">; lower
toijth row, ~i.6.
Teeth. — The teeth are essentially as in R. tumida.
MeaHurements. — The measurements of the type specimen are given in
the table on page l!^.
Specimen* examined. — One, the type.
General remarks. — Rhogei-xsa minutilla is a small insular form most
closely related to R. tumida, but apparently perfe<*tly distinct. So far
as I know the genus Rhoyei'sxa has not yet been recorded from the
mainland of South America, where, however, it doubtless occurs. ,.
RHOGEES.SA I'AKVULA II. Allen.
1866. Rhogti'-$Ka parvula H. Allen, Proc. Ac-atl. Nat. Sci. Fbila., p. 285
Tpye locality. — Tres Marias Islands, Mexico.
Geoijraphic distribution. — Tres Marias Islands.
Characters. — As I have seen no si)ecim('ns of this species, I ipiote
the original description entire. It is as follows:
"Ear sab-acute at tip; lips whiskered; eyes very small, each fur-
nished with a wart above; similar growth seen beneath chin. Fur
above silky, not thick, of a light greyish-brown at basal third, fawn-
126
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
|i i
i i
I fli
chestiittt-brown at apical two-thirds; that of head Maine color, running
on to the ears one-half their height. Beneath, basal third inclined to
greyish; apical two-thirds grayish fawn. Membranes almost black,
naked, excepting basal fourth of interfemoral membrane behind, which
is furnished with a small, short patch of glistening fur.
" MeanuremenU — 7H41.
" Height of auricle 0" |l-.7 mm.]; height of tragus 3" [0.4]; length
of head 7" (14.8]; length of body 10" [21.1]; length of tail 1' 2" [3(>.r.];
length of forearm 1' 1" [27.4]; length of longest linger V 11" [48.r»];
length of thumb 2" [4.2 1; length of tibia 5" [10.0]; length of foot 2A"
[5.3]; expanse 6' 7" [16.7].
"Two individuals, i and 9 ; Nos. 7841, 7842, Museum of 8mithPonian
Institution. Alcohol.
" Tres Marias, Mexico, Col. Grayson."
RUOUElilSSA (JUACILIS up. iiov.
Type from PLixtla, Pnebla. Adult <^ (in alcohol). No. 706U4, U. S. Nat. Miiseuiu,
Hitilogical Survey collection. Collected Nov. 24, 1X94, by E. W. Nelsou and E. A.
Goldman. Collector'^ number, 70U9.
Geographic dintributivn. — Southern Mexico (I'uebla and ' Isthmus of
Teh nan tepee').
General eharacfers. — Size, medium; length, 79 to 82; tail, 3H.0 to 41;
forearm, 32 to 33. Calcar slender but distinct, a little shorter than free
border of uropatagium, terminating in a small lobule, distinctly keeled
on the posterior border. Free border of uropatagium naked Ears long ;
when laid forward extending about (5 mm. beyond tip of nose. Wings
from base of toes. Feet and legs long and slender, the outstretched
feet reaehing to within about 10 mm. of tip of tail.
Ears. — The ears (PI. I, Hg. 7) are long, and at the same time broad;
laid forward they reach about mm. beyond tip of nose; the substance
of the conch thin and translucent. Anterior border strongly convex
from base to a little below middle, then straight or very slightly con-
vex to the rather broadly rounded ott' tip. Posterior border concave
below tip to about middle, where it bends abruptly outward, then grad-
ually convex to base. A very faintly indicated basal notch and basal
lobe. About 5 mm. above the crown and an ecpial distance from the
tip of the ear conch in the male is developed a conspicuous, flattened-
pyriform, glandular thickening with the large end toward the anterior
margin of the ear and the main axis nearly perpendicular to that of the
auricle. The thickened mass is 5 mm. in length, 4 mm. wide at the
broiul end, 2 mm. at the narrow end, and 1 mm. thick. It is most con-
spicuous on the dorsal side of the ear, where, although not dift'erent in
color from the rest of the ear, it is noticeably raised above the surface,
and the boundaries are sharply marked. On the inner side of the
ears the thickenings are less definite in outline, but are noticeably
paler than the surrounding integument. When these structures are
examined with a lens it is seen that they are thickly covered on the
Kn(>(JKi;s«A GRACILIS.
127
outer side witli pores lyiiij; mostly at tlie bases of the flue hairs with
whieli the stirface is beset. The tliickeiied insjsses are of exactly the
same si/e and shape \i\ the two ears and are placed symmetrically with
respect to the outlines of the conclis.
Trajjus slender and taper ])oiuted, slijjhtly bent backward at the
tip, and broadest opposite anterior base. The anterior border is
slightly concave at base, then evenly convex to tip. The posterior
border is strongly concave from tip to a ])oint slightly above the middle,
where the tragus attains a width nearly equal to that at level of ante-
lior base. From this point to the basal lobe the i)osteri(»r border is
nearly straight and about parallel with the lower part of the anterior
border. Itasal lobe small but prominent. Posterior border of tragus
crenulate, espe<'ially near the middle, where there are five or six minute
sharply projecting points, from the bases of which thickened processes
may be traced a short distance into the substance of the tragus when
the latter is held to the liglit.
Mfmhrajics. — The nu'inbranes are thin and semitrans]>arent, the uro-
patagiuni not different in texture from the wings. Throughout they
are entirely nake<l, c\cei)t for a narrow line of hair on the wings extend-
ing along sides of body about to a line drawn halfway between knee
and elbow. On the uropiitagium there is also a narrow hairy area
close to body and a sprinkling of fine hairs along the veins. Wings
from base of toes. I'ropatagium (1*1. 1, fig. 12) attached at tip of ter-
minal caudal vertebra.
Feet. — The feet are small and weak, distinctly h*ss than half as long
as the slender tibiie (PI. I, fig. 12). Toes longer than sole, cleft to
base. Calcar slender but very distinct, about as long as free border
of uropatagiuni and terminating in a small and ill-deflned lobule.
Keel remarkably well develoi)ed, extending from near tip of calcar
almost to base and supported by four cartilaginous processes.
Fnr and color. — The fur is long, that on middle of back averaging
abtmt 1) mm. It extends farther on the membranes than in li. pnrvula^
but otherwise shows no peculiarities. In color it is everywhere light
sepia at base, then dull yellowish brown, that on the back tipped with
chestnut. As this description is from a specimen that has been
innnersed in aU;ohol for nearly two years and a half, it can not be more
than approximately ac(!urate.
SIckV. — The skull o( lilio(i('('s.sa graciliH is longer and more slender
than that of A*, tuiiiida, and the forehead appears to be more abruptly
raised above the face line. The zygomata are less widely flaring in
front. Apparently the octciput is considerably narrower than in R.
tiimida. From the material at han<l it is, however, im])ossible to deter-
mine the cranial characters with accuracy, since of the skull of the
female topotype there remains only the mandible and rostral portion,
while the skull of the type is so nuujh injured that it would not hold
together if "emovetl from the skin and cleaned.
128
NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA.
Hi
ii.
:i
! i
I !
1 1
1
Hi
III!! II I
tiip
Fi8. 40.— Teeth of (a) Ithogertia tumida and (b) R.graeilii
(■5).
Teeth. — The teeth of Hhoijei'sa ^riwilxH (tif;. 40) diflTer from thoHe of
R. tumida in iiiimerous Uetail8. The urowuH of the upper inolarH are
much narrower on the lingual Hide and the posterior upi>er molar is
couHlderably broiider. The front lower premolar is sli^^htly larger thau
iu U. tumida, but otherwise the mandibular teeth show no distinct
difierenees.
Meamirements. — See table,
page 129.
Sjfeebn ens exa m ined , —
Total number, 3, from the
following localities:
lathiiiiiH of Tehiiiiiitepec, 1.
Paebla: Piaxtla, 2.
Oeneral remarks. — Rhoge-
I'ssa gracilis is so readily
distinguished fromtbeother
species of the gejius by its
slender form and very large ears that no detailed comparisons are
necessary.
This is the only species of North American VespertUionida' in which
I have found any sexual diU'erences in cutuneous structures.
RHOGEi-'SSA ALLKNI Thouias.
1892. Rhogeessa alleni Thomas, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., X, p. 477, LU'coni-
ber, 1892.
Type lomliti/. — Santa llosalia, near Autlan, Jalisco, Mexico. Type
in British Museum.
Oeoyraphic distribution. — Rhogei'ssa alleni is known from the type
locality only.
Characters. — As I have not seen the type and only knoMu specimen
of this bat, I copy Mr. Thomas's original des»jription :
"Decidedly larger than Rh.parvula; muzzle obliquely truncate as
in that species. Ears large, laid forward they reach about 1 or 2 millim.
beyond the nostrils; their inner margin very convex forwards below,
straight or even slightly concave above; tip narrowly rounded off;
outer margin concave below the tip, then straight, becoming slightly
convex below, outer basal lobe but little marked. Tragus long, its
broadest point opposite to base of its inner edge; inner edge straight
or slightly concave, tip rounded, outer margin slightly convex, the edge
indistinctly crenulate, somewhat as in Antrozons pallidus; a marked
lobule at the base of the outer margin, above and below which there is
a concavity. Thumb very short and th ick, no longer than in Rh. parvula.
Posterior edges of wing-membrane bordered with whit«, bifid tip to
fourth finger unusually distinct; wings from the base of the fifth toe;
post-calcareal lobe small and narrow ; tip of calcar projecting slightly
from the back of the membrane; tail included in membrane to the
extreme tip."
RHOOEJ-iSSA ALLEN I.
129
" Teeth. — Upiter iucisors one on each side, long, slender, unicaspid;
upper premolars large, qnite close to the canines; no trace of a luiunte
anterior premolar. I^ower incisors six, the t'onr median ones broad,
tricuspid; the outer ones unicuspid, exceedingly minute, practically
invisible from in front, and scarcely one-twentieth of the size in crou
section of the median incisors; far smaller therefore both absolutely
and relatively than in Kh. parpuUi.
'^Dimensions of the type (an adult female in spirit): —
'*Uead and body 47 millim; tail 41; ear above head liMi, from notch
l(i; tragus, inner margin 7 ; forearm 35; thumb 5; metacarpal of third
tinger33.5; lower leg 15.5; hind foot 7.1; calcar 15.
"Skull of a second specimen: Occiput to gnathion 14.7; greatest
breadth 9.5; distance from front of canine to back of m.-3 5.4."
UeaHuremenU of Hpecimens of Rhogeiisa.
Kame.
Localitv.
§
e
Hi
a
9.
i'A
i.
,2
S
liimidn Vtra Cnir : Mirador
Coliiua : Colinia
Colima
Colima
Oaxara: SantiiI*oiiiiu;:i>.
Guatemala: Ilrifliaetaii.
HoDtluRiit : I'atnra
I'atiu-a
parriila Tre.s ^laria;' Islands
miiiutilla VrneziK-Ia : Margarita
Iidand.
nrafilis I'lirbla: I'iaxtla
IMaxlla
I.tthiiiaitof Tflinantcpt'C
alliui Jaluco: Aatlau
8193
cf ad.
o.-i.
25. 4
.12102
9nd.
7.'.
:it
:>20(J3
.:^od.
70
:i:i
r)2iHin
,' ad.
70
ao
7:J2C9
$ad.
'nd.
78tiOO
75
;t:!
21010
$ ad.
7;i
;!0
21017
9nd.
75
31
7841
ij-nd.
05.
5 28.3
C;i216
^ ' nd.
.25
4 10. 4 5. 1 2ft. 5 4. 8 .''.7. 2; . . . .
12 J 2ft. 8
11.4 5. 4:;u
11 .'.4 28
12 7 .1:1
11.4 ;o
12 :io
12.4 5.6:10
5 10.4 5.3 27.4
11 5 25
4 .i2
4 .->2
4 51
4. 4 (;:i
4.<>.'pn
4 53
4 57
4. 1 48. 5
3.0 51
7.3
12.8 9.6 7
12.4 9.4 7.4
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1.1. fi 9.0 7.2
14 ft
12.6 9
13 9
11.8 s
70691 vad. 79 .18.014 32
700'J4 »^nd. 82 41 14.0 5 33
:i7 13 t 5 30
7
7
7
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6.4
11240 $ nd.
»? nd.
■ Type. niea.snrementK from H. Allen.
2772— Xo. 13 U
Type.
41
7. 1:35
4 00 17 11 10
4.4 01 IG.eil.8I0
4 aX IG il j9
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INDEX TO GENERIC AND SPECIEIC NAMES.
[Nanii'N <!: iiHiifHiire lii're ri-c(>);niz(il nn valiil.{
nhramiis il'ipittrrlliit), 11).
A<lnU>ii.M'U-riH. 12. »S.
riiMi'iii, :iO, 98.
A4MireslcH, I'.', .'lo. •
HlCliiH (Vexiiortilio). 20. ;UI.
iiKiliH (Vi'spiTlilio). 7.1.
rlairf^uti.i {MijotU), :i«. 40, 5«, «53-64.
iillifseeim (iliinlix). 12. .'ill, 84.
albrHCi^iiH ( \'eH|iertiIi<)). 20. 3tf, 04, 6«l.
ii'hiijulni in ( Vi'ipf rtUiu), 20. 30. 41, 104.
iillil^iilnria ( VcH]M>rugo), :in. 104.
ull)i<;iilanH (Vcnimtiih). 1.'>, 20, 1(I4.
aniiiliiiibiitiiH ( Votperiigiii. 20.
iilcytliiiti (Voniwrtili"), 15,113.
aUn\! Oihmjtitm). 20. 40, 41. 12;i. 12>*-121».
iiiiit-riiaiia (Atalaplia), 13. 2 ', jiKi.
Anttiizitiiif, 41.
AntriizoiiK, 12,42.
jinrijicim, [iii. 40, 45-10.
2>alUiliix, ;m, 40. 43-45.
ari.sti|i|io (Vt»|>i'rugo). 20.
ari8t.]iiu' (VfMiMTiis). 15.
ai'i|i:atii8 (VeH)H'rtilio), 20, !)6.
Artibniti.\S.
Atalapha. 13, 105, 115.
aiiiericaiia. 13, 20, 106.
lioK-alig. 106.
cauilata. 13.
ciiif roa, 40, 112.
t'ga, 13.
("•ire^ia, 13.
Iraiitzii,25. 40, 111.
fusiata. 26.
iiitemieilia. 13, 40. 116.
iiicxicana, 31, 111.
novebnraceiisU. 30, 106.
pfeittVri, 33. 39, 110.
Henifnola,35, 109.
Hiciila, 13.
teliuti8,36,39, 110.
audiiboiii ( Vesp<>rtilio), 20, 86.
atiritut (PUeotus), 140.
aiiritiiH. (Vi ii)icrtilio), 18.
aw traits (I'ipUtreHtu), 3n, 40, 90.
aiistruripariiiH (Vc8iM"nilio>,20,60.
IttliameniU ( YttrpertUiit). 39, 41, 101-102.
Itarbastclla, 17.
barbasU'Uiiit (Vespertilio). 17.
let'hsteiiiii (Venpertilio), 16.
belli (Srotophiliis), 21.
blogicvillei (Scotophilus), 15.
bort-alla (Alalaplia), loO.
Iiiirealh ( hotiiniis), 30. 41. lo5 1U8.
ItoroaliH ( V<>Hpertili-i). 21. 105.
brarbiiiaiiii.t (TaphozuUH). lit.
Hrarlivotim, 13, .55.
brcviniHtria ( \'<'K|H>rliHit), 21.
t'ali'aratiiH ( Vt'spcrtilio). 21.
ftili/iiniiciil ( l/i/o/iv). 30. 40, ,1:1. 09-72.
I'aliroinii'iiH (Vi'i<pi'rtili<>),21.0'».
capaiM'iiiii (('■iiiin.^'d'H). 13.
nirolil (Vf«|>i'rlitio). 22, 38,60.
caruliiii'iiMU ( V('.«pi'rliliii). 22. 96.
I'uroliiii'iiHiii ( Vi'H|K.'rii;:o), 39. 1)1.
('atoiirug. l:', 95.
raixlala (Atalapba). 13.
Cttiirhuia {Mii'ilit), 39. 40. .">•!. 72.
VlialiiiiilohiiK, 101.
nbiysoiKitiiH ( Vo.sptTtilio), 2:1, 77.
ciliatiiH (V«-!<p<'rtiliii| 14.
eiUidahiiim (Miiolis), 39, 40, .5)!, 72-73.
I'iliulabri))!) ( Vf»iHTlil)i>), 23, 39, 72.
chiiTca ( Atiibiplia', 40. 112.
rineieii» ( hnsiiinit). 40, 41, 105, 112-lU.
cint'i'i-iiH ( Vi'!»iMTHlio), 23, 112.
C)»'pba'i)8, 13, 95.
Cnepb^iiopbiiDH. 13,83.
fV)'iM)(;ii)e)i». 13.
iiiai TiliiH. 13.
luictivapiim, 13.
]ielli)('i<lii8, 13.
Cimiastf.s, 13, 35.
capai'c'iiiii, 13.
«la.\vi'])i'iiie, 13.
liiiiiKiphiliis, i:s.
ii)e;:a|HHliiiH, 1".
CorynorUiimii, 13. 49-50.
iHffir <(". 13. 38, 40, 51-52.
palU'etuf. "8. 40, 52-5.3.
toiinminlii, 38, 40, .52, 53-54.
iTassiiH (Ve8i(ertili<i),2.3.
••i'eek8(^'e»liertiUi)). 24
ci^pU8Ciilari8 (Nyctioea), 24, 118.
crepasrularih (Nyi-ticfjusj.lO, i'.3.
ciibaHut iXiicticriut), 40, 41. 120-121.
ciibanii8 (Vcaperus), 24, 120.
cub«U8i8 (Scutopliilus), 24, 102.
ctibennt ( Veipertilio). 39, 41, 102, 103.
ciibensis (Veaperugo), 102.
fyanopterus ( Vespertilio), 24.
cyiioceplial)i8 (Nycticea), 23.
(lasycDenie (Comastes), 13.
131
r ;■)'
h
liMili
ill
132
ilaHycnrme (Veapcrtilio), 13.
Daiu;;ltniJi, 13, 54, 115-116.
intrnnediut, 40, 41, 116-118.
daiibco'ouii (VeHpertilio), IX
(liHcolor ( Veapcrtilid), 1».
(lUcolor ( VesiMiriigu), U, 19, 2i).
«liHcolor (Veaperr.g), 15.
tlumeBticiiH ( Vog|HTlilio), 25.
duturtrvus (Ve8pertilio),25, 102.
ega (Atalaplia), 13.
eurcgia (Atalaphn), 13.
EptesicUH, Kl, 18, 95.
nielanops, 14, 3U, 96.
melas, SO.
mytlai), 14, 32.
erytlirodact jliis ( VesixTtilio), 25, 90.
Ktiderma, 14,46.
vianilatum, 14, 3H, 40, 46-49.
evolit (Mijolit), 23, 30, 40, 56, 77-80.
cvotis ( VcsptTtilio), 25, 39, 77, 80,
exil'M ( VoBpertilio), 25, 69.
fcrrugiiicuit ((.'mpliiiinphilufl), 13.
frnutzii ( Ataliiplia), 25, 40, 111.
fiiiii'hris (Lasiiiriis). 26. 106.
fiiHcnta (Atala]>1i.i), 26.
ru!scU8 (Atloloiivrleris), 39,96.
fiiHcim (St'otophiliis), 39, 96.
fvfcvs ( Vexperiilw), 26, 39, 40, 06-90.
I'liscim (Vc.s])crii8<, 30, 06.
geor<;ianii8 (.Sciitopliiliis), 39, 90.
gcorKianus f Vo.spertilio), 26, 29, 90.
gtMirgiiiim.s ( VcRperiipo), 39, 91.
yraciUt ( Uhmjwta), 40, 41, 123, 126-128.
gieciiii (Scot<>i)liilii.s),27, 1)0.
gv.viiliiis (Vcspcrtilio), 27, 39, 00, 7.').
lieimlun. ii ( Vcspertilio), 27, 39. 60.
hiKii-rut (I'iiiistrelUis). 39, 40, 8S-90.
hi'sjicr.i.i iScotopliMns), 27, 39, 88.
ln'H])onis (Vf»)ionigo), 39, 88.
Hidtiuliis, 14, 40.
iiiniulatus, 14, 30, 4fi.
hwnenilU {Xyclienus,, 10,40.41,118-120.
lninicriiliH (Ve,spertili(>>, 16,27,118.
Hjpi'xoilon, 14.
iiiystax, 14.
Hypsiigo, 14, 87.
incautiis (VrspiTtilio) , 28, 56, 59.
iiitprnii'ilia (Atalaplia). 13,40,116.
inter. Ill iliiit ( namiptfniD.^O. 41, 116-118.
hitt'riiioiliiiM (LagiiiruR), 28, 40, 116.
lM()t\iH, 14. 55.
keenii ( Mitotii), 39, 40, 56, 77.
keciiii (Vpspertilio), 28, 77.
kraNi'hi'niniknwii (Vcsperugo), 14.
kiihUi (Seotojihilut). 17.
kiihlii ( Vexperiigu), 15, 20.
lanceoliitUH (\'eHpertilii>), 28.
Lanomjctrrit. 14, 54, 85.
noe(ivai7'i)t«, 39, 40, 86-87.
Lanunt; 14, 54, 105, 115.
hor<'a{i«, 30, 41, 108-108.
einereui, 40. 41, 105, 112-lU.
luueltris, 26, 106.
Intermcdius, 28, 40, 116.
mrzvianv$. 40. 4!, 105, 111-113.
noveboraceusi*, 39, 106.
INDEX.
lM*iuiu»,pfHfferi, 39, 41, 105, 110.
teminolug, 39, 41, 105, 109.
(W{u(i«, 39, 41, 105, 110-111.
laaiiiruH (VeHpertiIiu),28, 105.
laHuriia (yu8pertilio),29, 105.
lecontii ( Plecotu8), 29, 51.
loibii ( Ve8pertilio), 29.
leitleri (VterygUies), 87.
leiHli-ri (Ve8pcrugo),20.
leporiiius (Vcsportiliu), 18.
lepturus (Vrspertilio), 17.
Ieii('i))|>e (Ve8i>eriigo), 20.
liMi(:i]ipe (Ve8iicrn8), 15.
limno]>liilus (Coniastcs), 13.
lotigierus ( Jlyotis), 39, 40. 56, 64-65.
loiigicniH ( VespettiUo), 29, 39, 64.
Iveifiigus (ilyotU), 38, 40, 56, 59-03.
liicifugiia (Ve8pi-rtillu). 29, 38, 59, 60.
macolliis (Cii(^iIiaiopliilu8), 13.
iniiclunyii (Scotophilus), 30.
macrupiis (\'e8i)ortilio). 30, 39, 66. 67.
maerolii ( Corynorhinun), 13, 38. 40, 51-52.
mac roti8 fl'lecotii.s), 13, 30, 38, 51.
inai'TOtiH (Synotiw), 38,51.
macvlatum ( Eiid-'rma), 14, 38, 40, 46-49.
iiiai'ulntiis (Hiittiotus), 14,30,46.
MarKipnln-miis, 15, 20, lOt.
inauniB (Vespcrugo). 14.
Mfgaderma, 18.
niPKalotis (Ve.Mjtertiliif). 30.
iiiclaiiDpM (Kptt'Hicns), 14,30,06.
mi'giipddius (('omastes', 13.
iiicliinorliiiiUH (Vi>8]K'rtilio). 30,39,60.
iiii'laimfiis (\'<'s]iertili(>), 30,
iiidas (Kptcsiciis). 30.
iiii'rnaiiii (Vcsiiemso), 31, bo.
Jliitconi.s. 1,"), 95.
nirxiciina (Atalaplia), 31, 111.
mexicanus (/,(f,vi»ri/.v), 40, 41, 105, 111-112,
mixicainig ^Iiivti*), HO, 40, ,")0, 73,
iiii'xiciinurt ( \'i-s])('i'tilin), 31, 73.
vHiiiitiUi (li'lioijei'min), 123,125.
iiiiradoreinu ( Vi'tiiirtilio). 39,40.99-100.
mirjulorciisi.s (Sccitopliiliis), 31, W.
iiioiiacliuH (Vespertilii)), 31. 106.
■iionticola (A'espirtilio), 31.
muriiiuH ( Ytsjiertiliii). 14, l.":, 18, 13.
iiiydas (Eptrsicna). 14,32,
mydiis (Vosporliliii). 32.
MyotU, 1,"., 54. 5;V,56,
aXatcsntii, 39, 40, 50, 63-61.
alhitceiis. 12. 59. 84.
cali/onti-iit, 39. 40, 50, 69-72.
cauiiiiuii, 39, 40, 56. 72.
tiliolabriim, 23, 39, 40, !)6. 72-73.
evotit, 23, 30, 40. .'Hi, 77-80.
h-i-ptiii, 39, 40, ,56. 77.
liiiiijienii, 39. 40. jO, 64-C5.
lucUuyui. 38, 40, 56, 59-63.
meiicaniit, 39,40,50.73.
niyiilii, 13, 15.
niijrieani, 12, 39, 40, 66, 74-75.
iatiiratiii. 39, 40, 56, 68-69.
lubulatu; 36, 39, 40, 86, 75-76.
thyiamideg, 39, 40, 56, 80-85.
ifli/er, 38, 40, 56-59,
INDEX.
133
-112.
Myotit, villoiifsimui, 12.
yiiiiianentiH JO. 40, 50. G6-6.S.
myotii (J/i/oti*), 13, 15.
iiijotis (Vcspcrtilio), 15.
iiiys.tiiciims (Vrsixirtilio), 111, 17.
nij.stiix (Hyiioxidoii), 14.
iiijstHX (N'octilio), 32.
iiiystnx (VeupcTtilio), 32.
Naiinii;^i>, 15, 87.
iiatliOHii (VcHjn'ru{!0), 20.
ii.itKTcri (Vosjicrtilio), 14, 15.
((iV/riV(.H» (Ityotis), 12. ;«>. 40, 50, 74-75.
iiigii iin»(V"c8p«.'rtllii>), 32,69,74.
iiilssiiiii ( Vettiicrugo), 20.
iiil.sHciui (Vt'spenis), 15.
iiiliiliiH (VfsportiUo), 32,30,60. a9.
Xclili,, 18.
iiiy.stnx, 32.
niiviflioriK'viisiH. 20.
ii(ictivii;;;iinH (Ciii'pbaiophiliiH), 13.
ii.cticayans {Latioin/elenn), ;,9, 40,80-87.
nu('tiv.i^aii.<i (S;'(it()pliilu»), 39. 80.
iioi'tiviigans (Vcspeiiilio). IJ. I.'2,80.
iioftivagan.s ( Vespcrugo), 39, 86.
.N'octula, 15,05.
iiocliila (I'll rjiijUti'h). 87,
iioetula (\'c.speru};i»),20, 104.
NiTctuliiiiii. 87.
niiVi.'b(iracrii.siH (Atalnplia), 39. lUO.
iii)vcl)oniC('ii»is (LaKiiiiu.'*), ;;9, lOli.
ii(ivcl)oriu('iiKi.s (XiK'tilio), 2<'
iiovilicrait'iisis (N't'spiTtilin.'.JL', 105.
iii>vcl)<)racii» (Vc>tiiertiliii),'i2. 105.
Xvcticca. 10. 118.
iTi'piisi'iilaris, 24. llo.
^yII(H■^■pIlalll^<, 25.
Syc iefiiit, 15, 54, 1 18.
ri(fc«(n(.'-, .JO. 41, 120-121.
Iiiimcraliii. 10.40,41, 118-120.
tt'sgi'lalus, 10.
Xyitii'i'.jii.s, 18, 118.
( r('|iu-cnlar'8, 40, 119.
Xyili(cu.s. 10, 118.
XyiliicyN.lO, 118.
.\nctilittit, 10.
siCii/i'/iKs, 10, 35.
Xyititliciiiim, 10,
lintcim, 33.
relax, 37.
Nytt(ipliiliiH,42.
Xystactt'.s, 1C. 55.
ilsnti i(K {l'iiiii<lrellii»),S9, iO,m.
DliHiuniR (Vi'Hpcrtilio). 33,60.
ore;;iPiit>n.>.lH (V'<'t<pertili(i),33. £9.
I'adiyotiis, 15, 10.
jiarijieiu (.1 utrczonn), 38, 40, 45, 46.
palli'icent {('orynoiliiniii), 38, (0, 52, 53.
j'alliilvs (.1 ntni-oiiK), ,38, 40, 4;M5.
pn'' (Vcupertilio). 12,33,43,
/"ii I >•.•; ( Wfcu;. <■;•.' *.l), 17, 33, 40. 41, 123, 125-120.
paivi.lim (Vfspcriigo), 40, 123, 125.
|ii'lli:('i(liiH (CiiepliaiiipliiliiH), 13.
I « r.«tiiciUaliis (Vespwillld), 18.
pltil'iri(.\ta)nplin),33,.19, 110.
Ilriffiii (/,a«ii(ri/«). ;<9. 41. 105. 110.
pUaiopH ( VeHlH-rtllio), 30, 33, UO.
lipistielluf, 10, 54, 87-88.
abramut. 10.
aiiitraliii. 30, 40, TO.
/(*»j)<'iii«, 39, 40,88-90.
o6«CHn(#,:;9, 40,93.
pipiiitrt llut, 88.
§ubjlarui, 35, 39, 40, 88, SO-92.
vcrcremeia, 30, 40, 88. '.3-05.
pipiitrtUui {I'ipiitreUut). 88.
pipiHtrt'lluH (Vespertilio), 10.
pipistroUuH (VcHperngo), 15,20.
I'leeoliiKK, 41, 46.
PUeotut. 17. 18, 40.
auritut, 140.
levnntii, 29, 51.
niacroti.-), 13, 30, 38, 51.
ralincsquii. 34.
ti>wii8«ti<1ii, 13, 37, 53.
velatiis, 14.
priteu.i (Xyetitlierium), 33.
proiiimjmtt ( Vesiirrtilio), 39, 40, lOO-lnl.
prop'iir|iiiiR ( Vcspcnigo), 31), liiO lUl.
propiiiqmi.s (Vegpcnis). 3{l, K.O.
priiteriis (VespiTf ilio), 87.
prainosito (ScotopliiliiB), 15.
pruinosiis ( Vt'8pi>i'tiitO/,34, 112.
Pteniimi. 18.
PteriiijUlen. 20. h7.
leUliri, 87.
noiliila, 87.
pnlvur'ilfutiia (V.'spcrtilio), 34.80.
raliiK'siiiiil (I'lccdtiis), :'4.
A'Ao<;.i's.«( 17.54, 122-123.
aiJ.Mi.2U. 40. 41. 12;i. 128-I21t.
</r(K-i7i((, 40, II, 12:;. 120-128.
lllill:iillU. 123. 12.").
pniviila, 17. 3.', 40, 41, 123. ■]-..-i-12«.
tinnula, 17, 37,40, II. 12:i-l:;.'i. ,
KlioKiicssa, 17. 122.
riibcUii.i (VcspertilHP), 34, lu,"i.
rubra (Vi-spertiliii), 31, 100.
nit'iis (Tapli<i/.(ms), 17.
riif'ii.s ( VespiTtilio). 34, UMi.
salaril (Ve.sp('itllii>),3l.
'i-^iimtun {Myolix). 30, 40, .')(1. 08-0.),
Havii ( Vi'8in'rii;:cu, 20.
hivii {Vcspcrii.s), 15.
iS'ofoiff'iliie, 17.
!<.'oti)i;liil»s.85,87, 0.5.
Iii"llii,21.
l)lo88t'vnici, 15,
cMibi'iisis. 24,102.
f ii.scii.s, ; 9, 00.
goiiruianii8,30, 90.
gr'M nil, 27, Of.
liCHpfi 118, 27, 39, 88.
kulilii, 17.
iiiiMUrayii,30.
iiiiraiI(ireiiHi8, 31.9i>.
iioctivajiaiis. 39,86.
pnilniisi'.K, 15.
SelynliiR, 17. ,")5.
HHiiiiuiiln (AUilnpbul, 35, li>9.
nemitiiiiiiDf ha>iiiniK), 39, 41. lO^i. I'.O.
Heptciilritmnlis (\'i'f<p»'rtiliii|, 3"i, 75,
teroHnu* (XjctiU'ites). 10.35,
J
i;
li
. !
134
terotinut { Vespertilin), 99.
xerotiiiiis (Ve8))erugo), 20,39,05,06.
HiTotiiuiH (V«nperuM), 13.
Hiriiln (Atalnjiba), 13.
H|i!iHmii (VeH'portilin), 18.
8]iectrniii (VcHpertilio), 18.
fiihllavuH (ripistrellus), .">&, 39, 40, 88, 00-92.
Riibflavu8 (Vt'Bpertili<»), 35, 90.
tubulattiM (ilyotis), 30, 39. 40, ."Ml, 75-76.
Hiiliulatim (VeHpertiUo), 29,36, 39, 73.
Sjnotiis, 17, 4».
nincrotiH, 38,51.
towiiRendi), 39. 52.
Taplwioui, 17.
bracliiiianiiR, 18.
rufiis, 17.
teliotin (.Vtalnplia). 36, 39, 110.
telhtin (Lttsiiinis), 30,41, 105, 110-111.
tciiuidorfinlig (Ves)iertilio). 36.69.
tc8Kelatii.s (NyctioeiuH), 10.
tcsHelatiia (Vcsperlilio), 36, 106.
th]intnod'8 (Myotis), 39, 40, 56, 80-85.
toiinsentlii (Corj/nnrtiiniii), 38, 40, 52, 53-54.
townsi'iidii (I'lecotiig), 13, 37,53.
toM'Dgeiidii (SjnntUH), 38, 52.
himida (Ithogeessa). 17. 37. 40, 41, 123-125.
nrsiniiR (Vespcrtilio), 37,96.
Vampjinis, 18.
vainpyriiH (Vi-spertilio), 18.
vclatus (I'lei'otiis), 14.
reli/er (.1/.i/«(i*). 38. 40, 50-59.
vcliler (Vespcrtilio). 37, .38, 39, 56, 8(i.
relox (\nctitlieriuiii i, 37.
vertpeniciii {I'iintfrdliiK), 39, 40, 88, 93-95
vpiu'criicis (VfHi)eriigo), 37.93.
Vcsporidi'S, 18, 85.
Vtiiliertilio, 18.54,5.5,95.
amiiiH-, 20, 38.
agiliii, 73.
alliCMfcii.H, 20, 39, 64, 06.
albvjulan$. 20,39,41.104.
nlcyfliof, 15,95.
(•rqiiatiis, 20,96.
audiiliiiiii, 20,86.
aiiritiirt, IH.
niiRlrnripariiM, 21, 60.
haha mentis, 39,41. 101-102.
barbaHtcUiis, 17.
becliHlfiiiii, 16.
borealiN, 21, 105.
brovirostris, 21.
oalcaratiiH, 21.
raliforniciiB, 21.69.
cnroHl, 22, 38. 60.
caroliuenHiH, 22,96.
chr.vHoiintus, 23, 77,
ciliatuB, 14.
riliolabriini, 23. 39,73.
cinereiis, 23, 112.
oraHHiiH, 23.
creeks, 24.
eubrniit, 39, 41, 102-103.
cyanopt«trn8, 24.
dMyrnenie, 13.
daiilientonil, 18.
dlMulur, 19.
INDEX.
Ve$perHUo, dnmesticus. 23.
dntertreiiH. 25, 102.
erytlirodactylng. 25, 90.
evotU.25,39,77,80.
exiIiH,2.). 09.
fxuciiK, 20, 39. 40, 96-99.
genrgianiiH, 28, 29, 90.
gryphus, 27, 39, 60, 75.
lienHliawii, 27. 39, 69.
liumeralia, 10.27. 118.
incauf ««, 28, 56, 59.
keenii, 28, 77.
lancealatiis, 28.
latiiuriia, 28, 105.
la-siiniM. ?'', 105.
It^ibii. 29.
leitoriniiH, 18.
IfptuniH, 17.
longi«ru.^, 29, 39, 64.
luiifiigiis, 29, 38, .59, 60.
;iiaci((p«M, 30, 39, 66, 67.
iiipgalotiK, 30.
nielanorliiiiiiH, 30, 39, 69.
inelanotiiit, 30.
iiiexicaniis. 31,73.
mira(loreii$it. 39, 40, 99-100.
inimachiiH, 31, 106.
niontioiila, 31.
viui-iinit, 14, 15, 18, 19.
niydas, 32.
myotic. 15.
iiiygtacinus, 13, 17.
iiiyHtax, 32.
iiatter;T' 14.
nigricnii.4. 32. 09, 74.
nitidiia, 32, 39,00,69.
iioctivagiiiin, 14,32,86.
iiovoborat'eiiNig, 32, 105.
iiovolH>ra<'im. 32, 105.
obsi'iiriia, 33, 69.
orejjoneiisis, 33, 69.
paliidiiH, 12,33,43.
pprapiiMllatuH. 18.
pliaiops, 30, 33, 96.
pipigtrcllns. 10.
propiiii/vvii. 39,40, 100-101.
proterus, 67.
|iriiiiio8ii8, 34, 112.
pulverulpntiis, 34, 86.
rub<>Ilii8, 34, 105.
rubra, 34, 106.
riifiiH. 34. 106.
Hill irii, ,34.
Heptpiitrionalis, 35, 7.5.
KKrotinng. 99.
Hpaania, 18.
aped nun, 18.
8ubrlavu8, 35, 9fl.
Hiibiilatua, 28, 36, 39, 75.
tenuidoraalia. 36. 69.
te88elatiig, 36, 106.
iirciniiB, 37,96.
varopyruH. 18.
vehfer, .37, 38, 39, 56, gO.
villo«l8alnr.:«, 16.
Tirginiaiiu«,37.
INDEX.
135
Vei^pfrtilio. voIbiih, 38,09.
vtinianeiisiA. 38. 39, 60, 09.
\ ffprrttUimidw, .41.
Vetpertilioninn'. 41. ,'54.
W'.-iperiigo, 19, 8.'), 87, 9,1.
iilbigiilariA 39, 104.
.illiolinibatuH, 20.
aristijipc, 30.
raroliueiLsis, 39, 91.
cuheimis, 102.
(lisoiddr, 14, 19, 20.
{reorgianiiB, 39, 91.
licspenis. .'19, 88.
kraHchoiiinikowii, 14.
kulilii, 15,20.
It'isleri. 20.
lencipjie, 20.
roannis. 14.
merriaini. 31, 88.
iiatlni.sii, 2ii.
iiattereri, 14, 15.
niUsoiii. 20.
iioctirag.iii.s. 39. s(i.
no(-tiilii,20, 104.
Vesperiigo, parvnliis. 40, 123, 125.
pipi.strt'Iliifi, 1.5. 20.
prnpini|iiiis. 39. 100-101.
Hnvii, 20.
i*eri>tinii8. 20, 39. 95, 96.
vern-criifjs. 37. 93.
VpHponis. 20. 95.
•ilbigulari.'*. 15,20. 104.
iirmtippc, li>.
cubaDiis. 24,120.
•lisrolor, 15.
fiiscu.-. 39, Wi.
Icucippt", l.'i.
iiilsiiuni, 15.
propin(iiiii!<, 33. 10().
Bavii, \a.
Herotiiiiis. 13.
viUorittimu* {Myotit), 12.
villosis.siiiiiiH (Vi'SpiTtilio). Ifi.
virginiiinim (Vp.spertiliii). 37,
Vdlans ( VcapiTtilio) 38. C9.
yvmaneniiii (Miiolh). 39. -ti', 56, r,{)-6!<.
.yiimaneiisiD (Vespertilio), 38, 3r« GH, CI.
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PLATE I.
[One ami oiie-lialf time* natural size.]
Fiu. 1. Myotia relifer (J. A. Allen). Patzcnaro, Mic-boacaii, Mexico.
(No. 52179, U. S. Nat. Mub.)
2. JUyotiB vaiifoniicua (Audubon & Barhmau). Nicasio, Cal.
(No. 1512, Merriani collection.)
,-^. ^fyo(i8 !iiimniii:!>8is (H. Allen). Tiilare, Cal.
■^ (No. 30 :■ '■. ^" Nat. Mus.)
4, Nyctic(in8 hiiu) 'aiin<-8<|nc. Browusville, Tex.
(No. 5261S, I . Sat. Mus.)
5. Myotis fhijH(niu<teH Miller (topotype). Old Fort Tt-jou, C.il.
(2!t82l, r. S. Nat. .Mus.)
H. Myotis orotia (H. Allen). Hull Lake, Wyoiuiu};.
(No. 5584(5, U. S. Nat. Mus.)
7. ifAof/ft'SSrt j/r«»t/i» Milh'r (type). Piaxtla, Puebla, Mexico,
(No. 70fi94, r. 8. Nat. Mus.)
X. Hhogei'iisa tiimhla H. Allen. Culinia, Mexico.
(No. 52065, ir. S Nat. Mus.)
!>. t'orynorhiniia macrolix toinisendii (Cooper). Gold Heacli, Oregon.
(No. 88542, U. S. Nat. Mub.)
10. Antrozoiia imUhhia (Lo Coute). Sycamore Creek, Texas.
(No. 24155, V. S. Nat. Mus.)
11. Enilerma maculatinn (.F. A. Allen) (type). Ventura County, Cal.
(No. •!;;•',', Am. Mus. Nat. Ilist.N. Y.)
12. lihogei'mia iiraoiHt Miller (type). Piaxtla, Puebla, Mexico.
(No.76«!t4, U. S. Nat. Mus.)
13. Ilhogei'fisa itimiila H. Allen. Colinia, Mexico.
(No. 52065, I". S. Nat. Mus.)
14. NycHceius hiimeraUa Ratinesi|iio. lirowusville, Tex.
(No. 52613, U. a. Nat. Mus.)
136
North American Fauru, No. 1 3.
Plate I.
1. Myotis vtlifer.
2. ilyitti* riiltfnmiCH*
3. Myi>ti» i/i«»i'»n»H»M.
4. Aycfi'-d'iM humenilis.
5. Myolin IhgMtHndf*.
7. HhotfvtMa irruriJM.
8. Rhmjeviuui tumida
V. f '(>r//iii)Wiiiii(.H iiiiiriotiH lou'HSendi.
111. AlltlDZIIKS )>(lllillH.H.
II. Kmifrina tuiirHlntwn.
I '. Nhoijfi'Huii (iriiriliK.
13. h'hiMivi'niKi i 11)11 i(l<(.
14. Xyvtux'iiiH huinerali».
PLATE II.
[Out- nn<t Dtic-liall' tiint-H tiatiiral size.]
Fig. 1. Mijotis californicm (Aiidubou «.t nachniaii). Nicnsio, f!al.
(No. 1.112, Merriain collection.)
2. -l/i/o<i8 »/HmaHc««i« (H. Allen). Tulare, C'al.
(U. S.Nat. Mns.)
'A. Miiotis evotii {\\. XWen). Ball Lak Wyoniin;^.
(Xo. .-.5846, U. S. Nat. Miis.)
4. Mjiotis erolit (H. -Mien). Peiote, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
(Xo. Sjmi, r. S. Nat. Mns.)
5. Myolin fhiixanotleM MilltT (type). Old Fort Tejon, California.
(Xo. 29827, r. S. Nat. Mns.)
f). Mijotis ri'lifer (.1. A. Allen). Patzcuaio, Micboacan, Mexico.
(No. 52282, U. S. Nat. Mus.)
■li
it
ii ^
North American Fauna, No. 13.
Plate II.
1. ytyitt is calif amicus.
2. Hiiotis yumiineuKiH.
3. ilyoti»evotia (Bull Lake, Wyo.).
4. 3Iifi>tiii evoti* (P«mte, Mexico).
h. iljfotix thjiHaniMlvK.
b. JJyutia velijer.
!
]■ .
PLATK III.
'1'
[TwD'^tiinlK iiattirul xizc.]
Fi<i. 1. I'lcvoliis auritiis {lAuQ.). WtUateig, HaikMi, <'ennany.
(No. Uy5, Miller "ol lection. 1
1.'. Coriinofhiiiiia macroliH jiaUeHceiin Miller. < »wen8 Lake, Ciil.
(\o. 28951, IT. S. Nat. Miis.)
:t. Umlevma mavuhthtm (.). A. Allen) (type). Veniiira Coiiuty, HaL
(Xo. i|;; •;',', Am. Mas. Nat. Hist.. N. Y.)
I. l.aniiiniH chicreuB (Heaiivois). Vegas Valley, Nevada.
(Xo.27!>7G, U. 8. Nat. Miis.)
110
North Americin Fiur«, No. 13.
Plate III.
1. Ftecotun auritus.
'J. Corynurhinus macrotiii palleiu-ens.
;). Kuderma maculatum.
4 Latiurun citteretu.
wism