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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la n: jthode. irrata to pelure, n a 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 »n V-. It r- ' * . ." "I ' y^=^*-"' ' ■ '!^^-- ^^"^ .1^ £ff7^^tUu^ff'^eJi^^^fH'J^fffldf^i m m " Ojsr, n^zM^ /Wv- ^/ ]srEW^foirj>rD LJL2srn, ACudnxJi, "^ M^ Q\ty a^id YoTt of LOtri5 B O XT KG-.' ■ i ^-4, J^ffT^ftcat^^^i^-^/^^m^Jitmdffn^ M m I \46 t who refided there feveral Years. Mofl humbly infcribed to the Hon. EDWARD BOSCAWEN, Efq; !:l LONDON: Printed for M. Cooper, in Pater-tioJIer-Row ; Mr. James, at the n 177 ;_ Ti o, ;_ ft T /^ Txr .._ at CharingCroJ'i'y and J. Lacy, the Corner of St. Martina Court, St Manillas Lane. I75Q' / - r Pricp IS. 6 d. 1 ._A_l^i . "< fr,- ■ i. P'/O'SS ■ Cs.fi3 ti '^: (iii) TO THE Hon"' Edward Bofcawen^ Efq; Vice-Admiral of the Blue, and one of the Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty. S I R^ THE recent and fignal Services you have done your Country" !,» AI. ^r""" ''^'^ ""^"^"^^ Abilities to be lUI far more extenfively ufefuJ, which all the World acknowledge yoJ exert with the greateft Affiduitf ; to- gether with many perfonal Favours I have received from you, Which I own with equal Pleafure and Gratitude. ^ ,,.._ .,,.^^^ ^^^^ ^iciicciL ouDmiiiion aHO 6 O to . ■« i ai . . . -■•'J''"'i!ii#^-Tf*^'- -_;__ (iv) to lay before you the Fruits of a few Leifure Hours, which might have been much worfe employed ; not by way of Information, but as a public Tefti- mony of the moft unfeigned Efteem and Veneration. That Providence may guide, con- duct and preferve you in all your En- terprizcs, muft be the Wifh of every Friend to civil and religious Liberty, as it is the conflant Prayer of, S I R, 8cc. t*] P R E F A C E. . the r,tk given the Hea£ of ^^^ Enemies having abandoned it upon the coming up of our Troops^ without breaking off the Trunnions of their Guns. A Party of French that attempted to retake it were beat off. May 4. The Englifh began to fi, e from the Grand Battery with three Cannon only, and to bom- bard the Town from the Green-Hill Battery on the South Weft. ■ ^ May 7. A Fafcine Battery ere Bed nearer the City, within 900 Tards on the Land Side, fome cj the Cannon on which burft. A Flag of Truce fent to fummon Du Chambon the Governor to furrender, who faid, he had no Anfwer to make but by the Mouth of bis Cannon. ' May 13. ^French Snow gets into the Har- bour with Provifions for the GarriCon. {«) Vide Map, May E. PREFACE. Vll ngland Forces ge-Bay, a little h. [a). Some ack a Party of ps landedy and Provifions, ?d towards the about a Mile Grand Batte- "led it upon the making off the 'ty of French fii e from the y, and to bom- | Battery on the led nearer the ind Side^ fome Flag of Truce Gover?ior to fiver to make into the Har- n. May May 15.^ The City bombarded from the feveral Batteries this and the following Days. May 17. An advanced Battery raifed 250 Tards from the Wejl Gate. The Firing continues hot on both Sides. May 19. Our Men of War and Cruizers took fever al Prizes. An Engagement off the Harbour in Sight of the Camp. May 21. A Letter from Commodore Warren, that he had taken the Vigilant, a French Man of War, of 64 Guns. May 25. The Men emplcyd in dragging Can- non from one Place to another, through muddy and uneven Ways, and all in the Face of the Fire from the Town. May 26. A fruitlefs Attempt on the Ifland Battery (H), in which the Englifh were repulfed, and had more Men killed and taken than during the whole Siege beftdes. June 10. The Chefter Man of War arrived from England, and joined the Commodore. June 12. The Canterbury ^^7^ Sunderland ar- rive ; alfo the Lark, with a Storefhip for Anna- polis Royal. A Battery eredled at the Light-houfe ( I ), in order to play on the Ifland Battery, and a general Attack refohcdon b^th by Sea and Land, June I r vux P M E FAG m o-.tr/i^' ^P'}^''''^ battery ikry much dama^ ged by the Fire Jrom the Light-houfe Batterv M occaflon^d many of the Enely to ^uit the^/ £ 2^'' '^' ^"''"^'r '^^'^ >^ '^'' ^^^^ r, *IT '^', Vf ^'"''^ ^^"^^y i^) being in our P##^;/;r^,Ifland Battery (H) i;f ry W /.^/r/ : end the North Ea/i Batterv of the Town (F) open to oicr advanced Battery ; all the Guns in the Circu- '' ?/?^^- (^i ^'?^'^" .#^/^/^/^W, except three, ttje ^e^GatedeinoltJhed, and a large Breach made tn the Wal adjomtng ; the Weft Flank of the RiM Baftion ahmii ruined, all the Haifa almojl torn to I u'ccs, and the Enemfs Stock ofAmmunitisn ^row^ tngjhort, theyfent cut a Flag rf Truce, demand^ tng to capitulate, which ivas this Mortiinz arceP-' ted, . . o i pir r '^' ^7''^" ^""S ^S^ed on, the City and Frtcfi urre Jurrcndcr'd, and the Qarrifon, with «l tbelnkahtams to the Number of aooo capal ble oj bearing Armt, -were to be tranfported to trance, -with all their perfinal EffeSis. ■'P'"'" " f THE i\ ^ -*i) y muc/j dama- oufe Battery, quit the Fort, om the Bombs being in our y much hurt ; y^n (F) open in the Circu- xcept three-. Breach made f the Right Imojl torn to litim grow- -e, demand- Jiing ancep-' he City and -r if 071, with, ooo capa- 'nfported to I 1 THE I THE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND of Cape Breton. NOT to go farther back than the Year 1632, in order to examine more anti- ent Pretenfions, it appears from the Hiftory of New France, by Father Lbarlevotx (from which I fhall extrad: great Part of the following Piece) that in that Year King Ujarles I. of England having confented to deliver up ^ebec, Acadia, and the Ifland of Cape Bre- ton mto the Hands of the French, who were preparing to take the former by Force, the firft French Settlement in that Ifland was then begun. * Our Eftablifhment there, fays the Father was indeed at that Time but a very Trifle. Howe- ver this Port, the Fort of Giuphor /l,,-^^.,., J„ J „.!.i — , t. — _ ^^^,,.^.^ xtitivjuaucu vViul a few wretched Houfes and Barracks, two or three Cottages in the Ifland of Mmtfeal, as m?.^ I I I I ; 1 !!t \ ( 1 • [ 2 ] ny perhaps at radoulfac, and in iomc otJici I 'xcs upon thcKivcrSt. Z^/.;w;rr, for tiieCon vcnie.Kx of tlie Fifhery and Carriage he S .Uinn.ng of a Habitation at the ^/.S ^'" the R t.iis 1 inie went by tiie Name of A^,,,; j., ivm7^ IMorian till i666, when h to tell us that tJic C Hvrj, and that at Ad viee fr ovcrnor of Oud) vance: oni our is only able •oni ih^ Sicur de hi Falfi^r, wJi inanded in ///,' Rcyaic {h)^ tiiat h by the Englij/:, *' Th" f^^r reeeived eoni- ti was attacked don d a few Years after." While there w s Place was genera^the'i ITITTJJ: w]„ch fell feveral Times into tJie Hands of the tnghfi before the laft War. As it fell wkh it he lame Trcafes reilored one and the ofhcr Cape Breton benig look'd upon as a Kind of Dc pendance on Aaidia. ^^ i2Ca'^^' '^"""2 !■"? '°"gf-°"rf'=of Years it lay iicgltdcd or very httle regarded, there were not v.m,;ng Perfon* whofaw fhe Uib it n^ht be of ■Kl the Advantage that might he mL of its' I o,ts whenever there was Occ.fion to make t ^rLll t"";" 'I 'Y" ^"=- We have "in at kail, to thnik this, beeaufc, tlio' the French confefs [a) Whfch h.-,d been dcnioliihed by the FvoVl .h . , Years before. ^ t.nglij/t sbout twenty ,(^) It lad not this Name tii! near co Years niter thn' .i. r r • tiieie gives j£. ^ *c«ir5aitcr, tii© the Jeiuu ibmc otJici- for tJie Coii- '^gc, tJic Be- i' Rivers, and e aJI that at w France: lin from our is only able dec received , wiio coni- was attacked s iie, that I :now farther ?v^as then vc- itirely aban- - there was that it was time of the of Acadia, inds of the x:ll with it, the other, ind of De- Vears it Jay e were not jght be of, lade of its to make a ave reafon, tlic French confels about twenty iio' the Jefuit confcfs they made no Account of it till the Me- monal of MeiT. Raudot, here-after quoted, was pre- fented to theu- Miniflry the EngHjhh.A a ,r„e Senfe of us Value when the Negotiations of 1 eace were kt on Foot, which it is hardly to be preiumed they had from this Piece of the Ene- my s. I3ut I fha 1 not anticipate what my Authors have to iay, whofe Words I now proceed to b^nilatc, throwing my own Remarks either into ?y Wa;S'E%. '''^"' "■ '°2"''" "' "'« ^-' Father CliarlevolxV Defcription of Cape Breton (c), T^^^ ^z" m"* °^ '^"f' ^'''"'"' called by the French IJlc Royate. is fituated between the 4ith and the 47th Degree of Latitude, and fd) together with the liland of NenoJlundLd,f'l which ,t isdiftant only ,5 or ,6 Lea^e " forms the Entry of the Gulnh nf i^f r " Tl,^ <;fr»;„i,i. 1 ■ L 7- '-'"'P" °i ^t. Laurence. llie Streight, which feparatcs it from Acadia or No^ca Scot,a is only fiv'e Leagues in l^Jl'Z one m Breadth. The Frenfh call it The I'afc CaS''"^'"' ^"' ^^'= ^"S^'^-' "- ^'^"•-Sl" of to Xout'^'V^- ^"^' ^':''"'' ^'•°'" North Eaft to South Weft, IS not quite ro Leagues and it. greateft Breadth, from 4ft L Eaft.^s L 1^ than j3. It ,s of a very irregular Figure, and fo B 2 * inter- fr™' ill'!'*'"" ""'" ''"-3» »"i ^''•-Jo: Longitude W.rt 'L, [4] ''»i i interfeaed by Lakes and Rivers, that the two principal Ports join together only by an Ifthmus of about eight hundred Paces over, which feoa- rates the Bottom of Port Touhufe from feveral Lakes, which are called Lair.dor. Thefe Lakes difcharee thf .nfelves Eaft wards into the Sea bv '^^la Tfrfj ""'I"'' Magnitude, formed by the Ifland of Vcderonne, or La Boularderie, which js feven Leagues in Length. The Climate of this Ifland is nearly the fame as that of ^^ebec [e) and tho' Fogs are he^e more frequent, the People do not complain of an unhealthy Air All the Lands are not good ye they produce Trees of every Species. Here are Oakso! a prodigious Magnitude, Pines proper for Marts, and all Kinds of Timber for Cai/enter's Work. The moft common Sorts, befidcs the Phn'/'% 1^'ff: *' ^^'' "'^ Maple, the Apples Pulfe, Corn, and other Grains neceflhry for Life, as alfo Hemp and Flax, are in left Abundance, but as good in Quality as thofe of Canada. It is obferved that the Mountains here Will bear Cultivation up to the Top, and that the bert 4'i^ToZ ^Z'T'"- ■'" t'r '""' '^'"^' '"^''" ">= Climate of ^.IV .u V ""'P '" ^""". when ihe Gentry ride out on kMs over the Snow, or (kait upon the Ice : B« in cene a? he d? M."^ " "?V" '?' '"" P'ob-ible that ^it.c ftould be raifed"m J? an m/4n(U-« ""[^\^^^J^"g'i/'^ ^fneruavs, whom he reprefcnfj p hat the two ^ an Ifthmus which fepa- from feveral Thefe Lakes the Sea, by 5, formed by 'derie, which rly the fame 5s are here nplain of an 3t good, yet Here are -s proper for ' Carpenter's befides the Maple, the s, efpccially ins neceflary are in lefs as thofe of m tains here and that the bell: s the Climate of itry ride out on general he de- f with the Idea great, and fur- ieats as Paris, tnany Centuries It according to n he reprelents king their For^ lid be raifed to 1, unwittingly, n he reprefciU3 xy 7hing that [5] beft Lands are upon their fouthern Declivities which are covered from the North and North* wefl Winds by the high Hills that bound them on the Side of St. Lmirejjce's River. All domeftic Animals, as Horfes,* black Cattle Hogs, Sheep, Goats, and Poultry, find here Provil fions in Abundance. The Chace and the Filhcry are fufficient to nourifh the Inhabitants a re is feparated from th^ only by a very narrow Point of Land. The En luns eight Leagues into the Country. It grows narrower as one advances, and receives a^Z many Rivulets and fmall Streams. Lar^e Shios AnV"""P'^'f 6 Leagues, and find v?^ .3 r^f t^ 'zrj'-t3^^ afffisTc^ZThefi. ^'^^'-^^^ The Bay of A/«w«„Hs higher ftill, and febi rated from the Bay of Miri by Cute BruTZ ftt^Tk ;^/'«'^';!gheris^/i, ora.:! frrl^^' o'"* y '" +^° '^' °f Latitude. There Dajer. ^ '"'^ ''' approach'd without Advancing from thence to the North Weft w^ T]Zx vtr- 7'^"'' '= agooral^b" for fmall Veffels only. From Indiana to Spanl vel fi '^ w '^° ^"'Sues, the latter being a vei-y fine Haven Tl,» d„> • P... over . hiif \, <.„r ■ ' "' -^""""^ IS not a Mile at he nil ''S'r ^'T ''^"^" '"^-^^^s, and LnrLf'f °^ a League divides into two Branches, which may be afcended three League^ thci' J I v 1 ! i f l>!(^ I 8 J They are both very good Ports, and miglit ha to the Icfler Entrance of L^irador is two Leagues, and the Ida, wl>ich feparates the leflbr bS"]-' '°"' '^' ^'•'^'"' '^ ='•'"« ')"-• ftn'e ancf Iref '' '' r °"'f ''' "'"'"' ^° leagues long, hrt fI. ^ '/u'Sue and a Half fro.n the large Entrance of this Gulnh to Port D.uphin, or St. Anne s Pert, and tficre is very Ihfe An- chorage among the Mes of Cku. A Slio of Land, or Kmd of natural Mole, ahnoft en Lw Auts up th,s Port, and leaves Room for th^ Pa%e of only one Sliip at a Time. The Po t K two Leagues in Circuit, and fcarcely are the Winds felt ,„ ,t by the Ships, on Account of the Mountains and high Lands that environ it. The Shore is every where lo bold, that you may ride as near to it as you pleafe. ' All thefe Harbours and Ports beinsr fo near to Land"i^! "■' "r"'d be eafy to maki Roads b^ Land bet«-een them, than which nothing would he more advantageous to the Inhabitants, who by inch Communications would be faved the Troul Vvlf "# '°""'' ''y ^^^ '" *^ Winter Seafon. While hrance was in PolTeflion of Acadia and the fouthern Coaft of NeufoundlZX^ great Account was made of this Mand. Meffieurs Raudct were the firft who perceived it did no ' defavc to be neglefted, and even attempted to niake It one of the principal Objects of the Mi- i'lftry s Attention with regard to TV™ V..J I /[^"L'h*^ '"'"•M lM«f°'«' to Court," of which the Reader will be pleafed to fee the Subftancc lierc. ind might he rom tliis Bay ^^or is two ites the leflcr out tJic lame eagues long, ^adeft. It is x\f from the 'ery lafe An- A Slip of iioft entirely om for the TJie Port cely are the :ount of the on it. The >u may ride g fo near to e Roads by bing would Its, who by the Trou- iter Seafon. f Acadia J ndland^ no Mellieurs it did not smpted to )f the Mi- e, they have cultivated their Lands, eftablifh'd ;.?:,; foaure ereded Glafs-Houfes, open'd Mi.cs of Iron' buiit Ships, and all along look'd on the Furs only as an accellkiy Article, of which t]>ey made no great Account. Neccffity, it Is true, did at lail open the Eyes of the Canadians : They fow themfelvcs obliped to cultivate Flax and Hemp, to make Cloths, and verv es of Ne'uf of it fuffici- ommerce of an a very li- t the \J(^ of leral enough x)lony J and tlie Inconvc- be avoided, hat for want I'habitants of ^lely to this bat the Bea- as readily as the Sale of of the faid leir principal in order t6 :quent Voy- of dbmeftic ult to leave, tie, on Ac- F. wed a Con- Zing thein- , they liave : rv:fa(3;ure , s of Iron, \t Furs only y made no n 17 vcs obliged Jlothsj and very I '^ ] very bad Druggets, of the Wool of their old Cloaths, mix'd with Linen Thread; But the Jong Plabit they had contradted of doing no- thing, did not fuffer them altogether to tmerac from their Mifery. They h4ve, indeed. Bread and Cattle fufficient to live on j but many have nothing to cover themfclves with, and are obliged to pafs the Winter, which is very long, and ve- ry ievere, with only fome wild Goat-ikins upon their Backs. ^ And yet the King expends every Year an hun- dred thoufand Crowns in this Colony : The Furs are worth about two hundred and eighty thoufand Livres ; the Oil, and other Provifions bring in a- bout twenty thoufand Livres ; the Penfions upon the Royal Treafury, which the King gives to private Pcrfons, and the Revenues that the Bi- fhopsand Seminaries receive in Fra?}a\ amount to 50 thousand Franks. Here we fee the wjiole Produce of New France is confined to fix hun- dred and fifty thoufand Livres : This is the Sum total It has for the Bafis of its Commerce i and it is evident^ that this can never be fufficient to fup- port a Colony of twenty, or twenty-iive thoufand Souls, and to fupply what /he is now obliged to draw from France, The Affairs of the Colony were formerly up- on a better Footing, and the King expended more m them. She fent into France to tiie Va- lu? of a Million of Livres in Beaver, yet was not then fo well peopled : But ihe has always dfawn off more than ihe was in a Condition to pav vv.w;.ii wuuicu iicr CO ioie ner Credit with the Merchants in France, who are no longer in a Humour to fend Efteds to tlie Merchants of Ca- ^ 2 nada [ 12 ] nada without Letters of Excliange, or good Se- cunty. From hence, and the Lofs of Vahie in the Beaver it follows, that it was neceffary to rend into France all the Money of Canada to procure Goods : So that there has been a Time when perhaps there were not a thoufand Crowns of Specie m the Country. This Defeft was fup- pli»d oy Paper Money, and it is needkfs to re- peat the Inconveniences of this Money, and the Keafons there were to fupprefs it Meffieurs R^udot, after having thus fet forth the Condition of New France down to the Year 1 706, with regard to its Commerce and general Stock, exhibit the Means which they imagine may render it more flourifhing. This Colony fay they, may make a Trade of its Provifions; and other Produftions and Manufaftures which will enrich it. The Provifions are faltFlefli, and k/.^^ '^", Produaions and Manufafturcs are, Mails Planks, Timber for Building, Neck- laces Pitch and Tar, Oil of Whales, Porpoifes. and Grampuffes, Hemp and Flax; to whicfi may be added. Iron and Copper. There wants no- thing but a Vent for all this, and the Means of * 'lu '?.'^1""S ^^^ Wages of the Workmen. The Difficulty upon this laft Article proceeds from the Indolence of the Inhabitants, and the Dearnefs of French Goods. At a Time when there is httle Work, the Workman will do no- thing under 25 Sols a Day, becaufehe wears out more of his Cloths and Tools than he can be a- ble to replace at a lefs Price, and at the fame ^-— — .^,., .«iiutii. KJii me o£iier i)ide, the i.oods of Europe are as dear again in Canada as they are in France, This feems Exorbitant : But > or good Se- of Value in necefTary to :>£ Canada to •een a Time, [and Crowns ^ed: was fup- cdlefs to re- ey, and the ius fet forth to the Year and general ley imagine 'his Colony, 5 Provifions, tures which t Flefli, and lanufacStures ling, Neck- , Porpoifes, which may wants no- E Means of •rkmen. Ic proceeds its, and the rime when will do no- J wears out ■ can be a- it the fame r Side, the : Canada as itant: But if \ 1 13 ] rr^^-"!?'*''; ""= Affurance of 25 per Ce„t. fe\h. F " "°r /° '^'Sh but' in time of War ) the Expence of Commiffion, Freightage, which fometimes exceedsforty Crowns a Ton, the Advance of Money, the Warehoufe-room tlat muft be paid to the Commiffioners, the Non Payment of Letters of Exchange when they J7^c which often happens, and the Exchange at Pal ru, we fliall find the Merchant is no g?eat Gain- er : in taa, there are no rich Men in the Coun- try. v,uuu The Queftion then is, how to raife the Colony of Canada, to employ all the People, every one according to h,s Talents, and to put private Per! p""'\*n^^ Way of fubfifting, by leaning the Pnce of Merchandize ? NowAis End feems at- tainable, If a Place be found out whither they may carry conveniently, and at fmall Expences their own Commodities, and where there may receive Goods from France to carry back with them By this they will get a Part of the freightage both Ways; and thofe of the Inhabi- ants, who are now funk in Idlenefs, or do no- thing but hunt, will be employd in Navigation. w^"i ^^"'^"''''"'' ''^f" P"t theoSeftion Whether thisvould not be prejudicial to>W by toking away a Part of ihe Profit of her Goods? Theyaniwer, No; becaufe the Freight- w^llt'"- ^■a^'^^ Inhabitants of iV.^ Frl«. will be immediately made up to Old France, in the Confumption of a greater Part of her Go^s. i'or Example, thofe who r,^,„ j .l:„_ cover themVlveswith-Go;;:;krs,^'r'if;;'i: t'.ey are employd vvill be able to cloth thent felves ! [■ [ 14 I felves in French Stuffs. And a more convenient Let It not be faid, that if this Ifland draws from CW« a Par, of the Co..moditie3 wSd, France rmght forniih her with, that is therefore fo n,uch cut off from the Commerce of th^ Kingdom : For in the firft Place, the Anfwer to the former Oujeftion deftroys this likewife • be- caufe the Profit which Canlda may malce bV tWs 2T'''I' ^'" »l^^y^ ^«'-»rn to' the Profit of ri^e Kingdom: For New France can never do Ihloid ' Ih'"' ^f"? of the Merchandizes of the 0/i. She will by this Means draw from I. r \f '""■ ?S'"'''y' ^°^ ^hich ihe will pay her the Money that flie receives from Gate Brl ton for her native Commodities. In the fecond Place, It will be no great Damage to France that ro much of her Corn, and oth^er Neceffaries of i-ite, arc not earned out, fince the cheaper her K°Kfater '"°^'^'"^" '- -^^'^^ ' l^ul^^' '^°""""cs the Memorial, is fituated medit m"*^'- *^''''^^'" formanatoralintf. mediate Magazine betwixt OWand New France luZt'',^^ 't *' ^^' °f "= °wn Growth.' Salt Fifh, Oils, Pit Coal, Lime-ftone, Wood fo^ S"^f fvf'J' r" ^"™"^ '° 'he Second the Goods of the Kingdom at a much cheaper Rate than they coft at prefent; it will dray from thence great Part of its Subfiffance, and fpare it in "e! turn, a confiderable Part of the Freightage of huropean Goods r Rpfi.l,.c fl,„» .u. xP • '' • from Siuebcc to Cape Breton will make a^great many I I >re convenient ign, than the > Ifland draws idities which It is therefore ncrcc of the le Anfwer to kewife- be- make by this he Profit of an never do chandizes of s draw from ihe will pay m Cape Bre- I the fecond > France that FeceiTaries of cheaper her le will have , is fituated atural inter- lew France, m Growth, :, Wood for Second the leaper Rate bm thence * it, in re- eightage of Navigation Jce a great many C '5 ] many good Sailors of People that are now ufe- lefs, and even a Charge to the Colony. Another confiderable Advantage, which this Eftablifhment would procure to Canada, is, that fmall VelTcls might be fent from thence to catch Cod and other Fifh, the Oil of which mi^ht Idc extraded at the Mouth of the River. Thefe Veffels would be fure to difpofe of their Cargoes at Cape Breton, and to load tliere again with French Merchandize : Or elfe a VefTel might be fent from ^ehe€ laden with the Commodities of die Country, and take up S?lt at Cape Breton for Fifhing in the Gulph j and wlien ihe was laden again with Fifli, return to Cape Breton and dif- pofe of it. By this Means flic might lay out the Profits of both Voyages in the Merchandizes of France, to be difpofcd of in Canada. Upon this Head it is proper to take notice, that what has hinder'd the Canadans from fifliing m the Gulph, and at the Entrance of St. Lau^ remc\ River, was the Neceffity they were uj^dcr of carrying their Fifli to ^ebec, where ti^ev could not have made enough of it to pay Sai- lor's Wages, and other Charges, confidering the Length of the Voyage j and that even if "^they had been i^ fortunate as to make fome Profit which feldom happen d, that Profit was not con- fiderable enough to encourage them to continue fuch a Commerce. The two Colonics mutually helping each other and their Merchants growing rich bv the conti- nual Commerce thev would carrv on /th^v .pwrJ^ allociate in Enterprizes equally 'advantageous "to both, and confequently to the Kingdom j were it only to open the Ir* :m Mines, which are in gre^C f '6 ] fhct J:!^"^^^ ",''"«.:'- •T'^rec Risers: For then the Woods and Mines ofth^'Yr^'i^"' ztJz 'z '-'i ^^^'^^ a.r Z M ''? ^?" *^°n' 'S''"'^'^™ and/*,/: ^•'P.mg : iut the fmall Vcfllls of JJrlm Iv ^ard nothing in going to C^A. & be ci Danger o getting nn the Riv^r of AV i." Nor r • rr ''"^'^ Voyage a full Half? ' of Goo Is .^A^ hy augmenting the Confnmp.ion o i.oods Ml A«c; hw/cv that the Dronofp.l Kft. . Imjcnt will be ufchd to the Ki.lgZ 'butt the tcnvancnce u will fumiih of fendinrt e VVmcs, Hrand,cs. Stnffi, Ribl^nds. Taflbi^f &V Com ,""'■'■ ""• ','"= ''"'•S-^^^ Colonic (,, to' Connnerce nnght turn to great Account beciult he i^,,g,j, would fupply ^emlclves at y^A" f^". and m C,.W^, widi all the Goods, tfot o.lv tor the Continent of ^.W/.vr, wluTe the"r Co '.".es are exceedingly populous bu a L oTtlKt- lllc-S and thole of the i;./,./,, 'with whid! fhej carry , 0."n.,y f To „.h', a I w!,, 1:7;;"; ?■"«!»'■••■•■ '■> ■!«" Mo,l,..r i>i LouijUrrl, I I,,,.,. ,:■■;." r.'/j ' •"■ "sr.c iiiis before our takina ^ ' Rivers: For the Kingdom licre would he eden and Bif 3 from France ling back, c- k^ovagc in the uchcc will Jia- v/(?//, bccaui'c ^ays have c\- ' tliem from , and by this Trouble and St. Laurence^ \\ Half? ^onfumption opofed Efta- Jom, but by fending the L'affctas, ^c, {a). Tiiis Jnt, bccaufe It Cape Brc- -Is, not only re their Co- lli) for their ^vhich they carry , nmuld dftcr- ti agiin now \vc Colon icb bcini» work us out oV elicit MotluT ''oic our taking rtTtainjy Ui-y Colon V jiad ai- t ^7 ] lid Advantages of this Filabliihmcnt, The ■^lups that go upon tJjis Fiihcrv, may lo.id in i'rance with European C;oods, and ci'ther vend tacm at a/>e' TJn-/^;/, or leave them with Corrc- pondents; and taking in empty Calks at tlie iame 1 luce, may proceed on the I-iiliery. Which iMfliery is the more ealy here, as it i. carriul (.,, Jn the Summer, and not in the Winter, a^ iii the i^ North i [ i8 J North of Europe, where the fi/liin? VelTel' obliged to nly in the Midft of Mountains of under which the Whales are often loftX/ are harpopn'd. Thus the fifliing Ships will both nnnn fhn n^^.i^ ^\ ° £ ^"* is are Ice, both upon the Goo;is" ih;;;:;;^ t^'lL.T^f and upon the Filhery Mel, and^his double Pro- l>t U.11 be made m lefs Time, and with lefs Ha- zard tJjan tlie fingle Profit that is madeli "k tiTm Z"'"^' X°"'I "^^O" -"rafted fr^: cany to the Diacb for tins Oil, will remain among ourfelves. "-mam of C^,- i>r./«; can funnlh, of her own Growth ihi^ Ifland lies conveuK^nt alfo for drawinc. «K.rc of the fune Sorts from Can.da ; whdt would augment the reciprocal Commerce of the two CoOnicF, and procure to the Kingdom i ^k/o ) Ih "P "; '^' ^^'' ^"'wut our bein. pS '"^"y",f Foreigners. A Commerce mV> " '" ""T d °n with the ^„^///„ //;,, i„ Mais and Tir-plank, which would conijera bly lower the Price of thofc Con,modit,cs V ho cHud even innder our building Ships at C^.. BrT- tk^t,""'^' ^' '"ppliedVrom lw.& vu.a J pat was wanting ,n itfelf for that Pur- polc? Ihcy would -coft nxuch lefs there tfc.n in ■/'v,7,.«., and wc n>ight even feM Ships to thofc ■lorcigners of whom we ixnv buy them In fine, tJure cannot be a more commodious h ;',,'%r' ,'%''A "'"■„' '"«-^ 'tc"!e Retreat, t u 1. c Ii,.,nd of C^;.,. Braon, for all Ships tha iomi kpin any Part of .////av/.v/ svhutibever, if tlicy ; Veilels are tains of Ice, I after they ps will gain double Pro- ith lefs Ha- riade in the racked from ■h we now ^'ill remain the Ifland n Growth, r Building. * drawing ^ti y which fee of tlie ingdom a iie Timber our beinp commerce 'es IJks in confidera- ics. Who Cape BrC" 1 Canada that Pur. ^'c tkui in 5 to thofc nmodious ^ Retreat, hips that Soever, ]/■ they [ '9 ] they fliould happen to be purfued, or furpriled \\\ bad Weather, or be in Want of Water, Food, or Provifions. Befides that in Time of War ic might ferve for a Place to cruife from, a Place ^1 that might ruin the Commerce of New Eng~ land (c) ; And with Fortifications there, which might cafily be raifed, we might make ourfelves Mafters of the whole Cod-fifhery, by keepino- only a fmall Number of Frigates, ready to Ikp out of the Ports of the Ifland^ and return into them as there might be Occafion.' The two Intendants, after having thus fct forth the Advantages of the new Eftablifhment they had projected, applied themfelves to facilitate the Means of making it, and anfweringthe Diffi^ culties that might be objected to their Projec^t. They remarked firit, That it was not proper to truil this Undertaking in the Hands of a Compa^ ny, becaufe the Spirit of all Societies pullies them on getting a great deal in a little Time, on abandoning or neglecting Enterprizes that do' not immediately produce great Profits, on giving themfelves little Concern about laying folid Foun- dations for Eftablidiments, and on having no Re- gard to the Utility of the Inhabitants, ' to wliom, they fay, We muft not give too much Advantage^ if we would engage them to fettle in new Cofo^* n^ies.' What occafioned the French incorporated Companies to talk in this Manner, was the Ex- perience of thofe who till that Time had pofTels'd B 2 {c) It was this Rer.fon, in all Pro' aMh'ty, that mher prompted the Ne-^» E't^/and ?eop'.^ to th ir Aivmp: of ear. cuiur m >.'e thin any " lait -J' k lii [ 20] tither the Do.,iinion or excluilve amimcrcc af 1 nc intciidants agreed ifr-f^i- ,11 -.u 1 ^ ^I'Fpoiting nieU, and become ne in 1 few v«, ^^^o»-^' a very coniiderable Plice T ^r , ^f^'^*^ Diverilo "f S a • wonlt'l ", '-"'^ '^"''^ » ""'= vice thcrci; ,/ t: fi i u ^"^ ''"'"S •' l'"'^"c Scr- ,.? voyages. Thus tlie K inr wnnl.) i r " ^.."g by lending fo„K- of llt^ntLut Z 1 raniportation of everv TK,'„^ ^^ucjs ror the the 4abiin.„J.^\?5J^i-^^^^^ to -al.e which tJiey would bring bTck ev;n the firf V ' would at lead pay the W-Z,!/^ ^rft^ear, iioiK inH \A/ ^ ' '"V ^^^^ ^^ Seamen, Provi- sions, and Wear and Tear- For Kv ^ j • ous Mcaliircs their TV I 7 ^'^J'^ing previ- ^^uiiiicvs, tneir J^adine back in P,v\, i Lime-ftonc, Mart. PoIp« ^ .a 1 ^'^-coal, whicJi ought to be regarded as lb much ready n )mmcrcc of a. hilt thcFn- oiild not be It then they ly Expcnce " ^uins ad- t might be ould bcca- Condition v^'ew Years fJclps they > they pro- as follow, reat Niun- ''hen they ike a little 'ublic Scr- ns of go- lofe no- :Is for the to make Effeds, irft Year, 1, Provi- 'ig previ- Pit-coal, Wood, : hut tlic fears an it Tim- tiodities^ : in Pay- flabliili- b much ready [ 21 J ready Money bccuifc rca- Inhabitants, than in thr^ S„ i ' . S ^'l'^ "^ panics will become a Nurferv nf f V- ""'' it will i'.ot he diffiait to -SiLfth ;;''"';; '"'^ keep them always compleat " """""">'' '" bi^nusl^t IX' of7"'';r '"'; "*■ ^"'- l>te to make, the r™,l„M,:::.::;' ';";'* t'c .-rq,:,. the ready M' fi'ft dirtribut'er.r 4n,;T%' "' ""f ^'" ='^ niauis and Rights annex 'd to th ts, the Do- * CHi, the Concef, ^iojjs ■ C 22 ] u)fn .n.ufc .n lavoiir o^ (\)mninnitics and prfv.itd KMlons tic Duties oF Lnpciution and Juporta- •on; all tlid. were c'x-plainM by the two kip- ra OS, w.th fuch an ICxaancls. Undc.lla.uli,i., crpjanty, and Order, the wliolc fupportcd by ohd InK)(s, that nothing more could bj w.ntin.;; o pivyecd (o fad. but to eflablilli tiie New CV |ony by little and little: To begin by fending Troops, who fhould fet on l-\,ot the Fiiherv; and tficn to icul hired Servants and Frc;:,l> Mariners, u I art of whom (liould become hihabitants J here IS great Rcafon to tJiink that the War Vvhietj contmucd Tome Years after this, and eii.^ l^Ioy d the whole Strengtii of Fnwcr, and all the Attention of the Miniilry, Jiinder'd his Ma- JcUvsCounal from purfuing fo beautiful and Well-digellcdaProjee^t; a Frojed that appeared equally advantageous both to 0/7 and AVw .vvw.r. This Iiowever is certain, that after the C ei ion of yV./.r;///./ And y/anim to the CVown ot /v;^t/.,v/.,^ the Fn'/ir/j having no Place left wJicre they could dry their Cod, nor even pea- ceably full for it, but this lilc of Gi/^r Breton a , ';!Vl^.^^iV^^^'^y J^^y on them to make there a lolui LltablKhment, witli 1 ortifications. They began by chanpimr i\ that ot J/fc f\nv( '/r ic i\ame, inipofing or Royal liland, inllead of t.y^c' Bn-fo'i. TJic next Tliin- deliberated on \WAf f 23 ] was tl,c CLoice of a l\,n, wIkic if u„i.1 1 . '■cn„„gtl,i» the Opinio,,, wcrcl.m ai,il i " m tie Ob|cd.ons ngainft ,hisj>|a,, were X; ni«a,,ce:,ie tho,L wi,o ;;:,;", t: r''^^ '-""r • ^''« added, that it .night er^.,;-!;: ""^ '.tie: [ u ] Ik jlonc (or 200O IVanks. (h,n fur aoo.ooc^ j»t hfi^hjb HavcM, iKvanlc every 'riuMg nnght l>o ouiui here, that was neeella.y lo, huflili.m and toHilyinj^,a great ('ity. ^ It is moreover eerfain, that the Orcve, Shoal, or Hcjuh here, ,s as large a. that at Vl.uruim that the r.ih are here i.i great Ahuiulanec ; tb«J a great jleal oi gor J Timber grows hereaUu.t.s. rfiynil y Mapk, ,>| ihe Itj.uk UuMry-tree. am lO.iks exeeedin^ p„,p„ i,,j|^ ,;„. |^,^j,^,j^ ^^^^^j ni.«( iMg v>l Sh,j>., |o„K' heing fVoin tweiity-eiuht othuty-e.ghf TVet ,n 1 lei Ju ; that Marhic is here eommoM ; tlut the Soil Is K)r the moll part RO.M, ;m,l that iipo,, both the /.////,• ami (W (;)''',* ..^\ '""^ '^"^ ** ^'^«K"« «»** «" I'^^Jt' ilUlanf, the Crouru! is exceeding tertilc, and niittht contain and lupport a great Nnml)cr oK Inhahi- f.uus. In a word, this Port Is o.dy tonr Leagues from Y'''^/'''./v-nay, which is another very good Haven, wltere the Lands arc excellent, aiuico- vcredwuh I unher proper both lor C'onilrnOlion ami MaUs ' I is trnc, thev canm)t ti(h here with .V.il()ps, becanle of the Well Winds which nlli- iiiiy b low ; bnt they may k\o it with Ihiall Ijoiit.s. .iS .It Uoi{of\ The only Inconvenience ot* Port .SV. Anm\ V inch all the World allows to be one of the tnull in the Now World, is, that it is not eafy ro cvMuc nito It. 'Hiis liiigjc Inconvenience, at- tcr nuich wciglnng the Matter, and half refol- ving now to dlabliih here, uiuicr the Name of torflXiul^hn, and now at AV^////. llarbonr, bv the Name ol Lcui^hr^^b^ at lall determined for \i\^ li\.U[. And as the l'\icilitvof i\ tnis tlic IVcfcrcn cc, no C\>d has \ nlrance gave ecu Ipared to rer. aoo.ood ^ might Ik? Ming and vc, Shortl, V/ihYUffrf ; IKC ; fllUt ItTCuUuils, luMry-tirc, iKiing iuuj t'nty-ciglit MaiMc is ini)ll part md ihrat id UI1 lulf nd might r Inhabi- • Leagues 'cry good ami CO- lihuviioii \\Qxc with Inch iilii- \\\ lioiit.s J of the not caiy rnce, at- U' rclol- v.^\nie t>r lour, hv tned lor ice gave \ircd to ici d T r V5 ] render it tnininodi 2 5 nns ;iiid i ^ Mult upon a I n.Mi „( Land. whi. h l.,r.m the M«rnu,re of the l'<.r(. M. .//• Co/hMIr, who h.,d Inll hii( .ovcmmciit ol" Viocnitia, hv the Del I ve- ry <»r it to the AV/m////.. w.isrnf.nlhMi with that oF the new C'ddnv. .n.J \>i /. i.. /i •/ i . . Iheiirw Colony; and M. ,/,• .sy. Or/.A-. hi-. 1 teuiuit, WMK hisSinicH;,!- /ICI1< If WiiH at (ir(l iiuvihlal to t A'bv///, all the Irnuh \\ riinfporl: into Hk i.tt were leltk'd in /htul Kveij all ihr Savagcf;, who;n we eoinprehrnd .1.... »l... M . t' ji 1 I derthe Nanieoi* Ah til. nn JMid (oniroCthem had in laCt I 'h'lMrfnis', were invitrd ihiihcr HMMinto lorm a liitl< lovvn: Mutthe I'muh^ who had Wine will tor aKrmov.d, havinjr.u.tj i„,r M]\irnM th,,,, ml of what they |>olii Is'd in /1,erati()n, to remain in thcii Col(^ dicr I onjr o Delil lues. They were very nrnr chanfjuf; ( )pinion I ever, UMy?jx Mv. riUip Ri,hai JsW\uY^Mn rd (.'overiior of" Nc-w Euyhvui mv\ /lIu hirpri/^'d at his Arrival to fie the / tlv* latter IVov 11i.n»Kin|r, (,/) a„ji that tlir /tV/,/// liow- »oinr 'tiK w, rcncr remain iit nice as SuUjc('is of the mod C'iui- WiTe content to leave them i:i (piiel, while tj 1' ley attcfuptcd ni tl nn Z (.«) Wc h.uro nrver lir.ird \m lint thd'e Praplr, th 111 Ktligion, have lieinc.imil (Ik.ihI "Ktiii IV^■llU:r^ jit tliir. L lives .IS y would. iK)i!ni,l)t, l.cgVid lo («c rh or own N:iti.)i Uitliiii two Vo:,rs pall, ili.u th,y ,i,c i /\(iiihiiec towiirJs miking ili;:;ii '■■ • '' Ro^al, wlirn ilr- Cm alt: I'xtnl Hinrrv ) b.H wc li.ivc h ...i l.vo lull If) It lOt iiH;lin'd to vuiiiributr .inv lie Sj'-jr^tfs u\ /-l^tl.ipoUt u t's. we JoiU find that tlie F,,;„l, of S-j'ca. Sc wfi <• dlidcd hy li.e A<.//V/« N ,iti. in t.ifir I'.ivo.ir i at L'njpCt^d tt; r )L'CI1 I lief. M ot ./ i ;v|,,rl, |.,a t;.c/ .!of)c. pcih:,p, the K'.nncs {.a-i lf7 AtUlii, t yn C*/* *.fc (/;) Fu,uls nwix cafv at that Time to railv:, th.'M to pivlorvc aitcrwarJs in tlic i!nai»,i- n;iv Vaiu'.- ihcw a(]ix\l U\ tl icin. The Count tic kSV. J'tmr, MjiUm of the lloiic to the Diichcf. ol Or/ium, took this Project upon him, and the Kmir, by lus Letters patent, dated in ylui^u/i tlic ^'^'V^}.'-'^''. i^!'*''^^^*^^ ^"'^^ ^'^^' lll.mds of 8t. >iiaHnv.t;en\cnt wliich are inevitable in .Societies, the Menjhcrs of which have not all an elevated Way (>f Thinking, but are united meerly by In- ter ell: : VViiat will happen in all like Crtles, where cvrry one concern'd requires an equal Part in the Diredion, Jiappcned to this Fdlabli/hnient. When \\v: firO .^unL«, advanced arc nivcn wit! hout pcrfedt l Advan.,,. pot thcl'Luc, ami of the ()l,(hu:|cs tl.at may >o.Mct.w.t.m,hcI>c(ig„; ami ,vhc„ rhcrc i. notafahcityof diulingpropci- l'c,lo„s for thi- Wimono; InchDcfi;;,,, little l.'ruit is ever w l-e cxpcetol amoi.g fcllilh Undertakers. I'or Zi'ah' ''^''",'S '-"I^'" ''«= proper Mealincs, thf, 111 A tempt d.,1 m,t luaeed/ana as there was K. l.obalMhtyot pr• ,: fo/t III the I lands of t)ic fraud ' It appears larther from the Work of our |c(i,if, it FV 1 ■""* 'T' ""y aPPrehcnIivc diirin. ihc 1 eace between the two Nations, that if ever a t the /i,-,///i. Colonics, who arc able to r ili- olt :f rVl^^'"« M-'. would 1, .^ir <^':'/"; ^'''•'■«„ only, hut C,;,*/;,, ,„,t of : \'"f ?*, "^= '''>«'-^'. who cotild no. i 1 n-c thotilaml between (otn-teen Yea, . of A-e 2\ my: And that rWm«/, the Govern,.^- ':.' ;^i/ acknowledged, in a Memorial lailuc the cy had it I in the cxtrad- f/W, the IS bv the he /'/V/I1-, tdion of >le : I 'or s in I'art vvliich Inliabi- .fc there Where- \fKi\s of ■ of not lory of : Peace, \d only t i///,/, 'Hfn(TC(\ >t ill all • Char-' jcrning t 3t ] the C.,.m„mc of tlm lllc will prove iiow ri»W Mcll. ,/,■ H.,u.lot were i,. their Opinion n(Tc A.Ivan ages that nnyl.t |,c „,.ulc of t, hy (|,cw! ."If wlut tlur C<„n,„erccadnallyw;s i^ 1,^ -miy Nnie or Ten Yeans after the l.-<,.i„,latioa ^f Arril, ;' ''^r ,''"•" Kl"'l to Lave fen ths A fK e continnca .l„w„ to the Year 17^-. when .he laft luluion wa.s prinfe.l. Uu, the ?\| : '" ^" '"",'• We may reali.nal.ly iu,l,-c. howe- ver that the Article of C.,p,. jlL!^orTZi "IKS r-/; IS conhderahle as wo here lee it TV, this Ivxtraa I (hall ail.l two or thr-e i\nl , . ^A/,;,,., 1 , , . ""' "'f^'^l'oni our own V\i ten., who niaile then- Remarks „n ikxuhn F.x/ra& from SavaryV Di&ionaire dc Cotnmcrce. TriE Colony of Z,Wi^„r,r/, js „,o:-c nio- •Icni than tliat of Loniluuui, the / )-,wi not hiving (c.ttle.1 there till ,7,. ;,ft,r .-.ntu, ami the other I'oits ,h<-v lield in AW.- ,t,.u„J,,Hl, l,y the Treaty of V„a-l,. 'iVn Jllc ^"■'"^■'■'y, (.'' ) ;^I^"'S"< to /rvM... under the Nan>e ol t..-/''' />■'■<•/«.;, a. „,ala„a a J'art of O,' (.i) Tin- iVmh of from Ei>yJ4j/> \\ ♦ liT ilu. Ill, ml (tl (if) hu'P.i-r I, tlHS will ,1}-! rii* I , will) hjvc w Pifv.r in the follfuvini; Kvft;i r!:ciiintli oi lii, fUli hllCf, o t i^ ■ V4., ' ii.'uuc ih; J J ii.« IC [ 33 ] fidJit, niul the Prnich hnd I'orfilVM it before tf Ye.ir 1640. 'I'hcy altcrwaids ahandniicd it. their Krtahhlhmcnts in the Ifl.iiul of h'nc/rtm/ Lind luflieiiig tor their Fifhcrmcti, and Merchants concerned in the Cod Finierv. lint the CVIhon ot Anr/nfm//iiN'. Dcktipf.on of this lllind, M. xV.,.,;.,.,* ^l,^l;■r^ Nxidvl;- tii-ni Gttr', ■T'f/.V. Ci (33 ] M well M of the Fort a.,d principal City the ^ou„dat«o„s of which are airc/dy Jd. i. fL^^A lo Leagues from Cape tV//J, i„ ' jj *ecK of Latitude. It is about 80 L^aucs m C\»£!r ...eluding the little Ifle of M.^f^Ch'-^^X^y The great IHe is almoft cut in two by a Gulnh or large Interval of Sea. called Lai Jar. whS leaves only 800 Paces of Land for an Jilhrn^sto join the two I'cninfulas. i.tnmus to vet'^a'^.tf:^'!!''' t^J"i hl"-"'!"'^^ but indifferent. Cfe^ of St^P^i i.";«-Stoncs i, foun.l in them 1 Hole of St. Peter s Oulph. and the Mountaiiw near ,t, are excellent. Mine, of Pit-c""] "e found n. this Ifland. which is tranfpo tc-;i to the Ms, and fine Quarries of fevc al Kinds of In general (a) the Co»fts of this Ifland are "ot very fafe efpecially the Channel Ltwecn the great Ifle a.,d Ifle St. M.,. which is ver7da„g ! p ; V , „*?• ''"wever, many gcHjd Ports as dZ '..n i I- f"' ' ^'^"'' ^'"''■•h '.re all capa- cious and afford very good Anchorage. ^ The beft of all « St. yl„„,; HavX (i) called Man who was Infpe6lor-Ge,u:nil at the ! . ?> ,V "Z^^"'"*'^' • iould not be much ini(UkM « '*»« ^"'lomHourc of /»«,•/, ^ («) It a,ould have dilUiiKuiihsd the K.ft ,„j C-...1. ,., ,. .. - ( liumm g "iis ocen omitted that might not only contribute to its Su|>port, bi*t that mighu X \ tend I [36] tend to raifc and improve its Fifhcry, and make It exceed the Advantages that were formerly drawn from the two Settlements that have been given up. Among a great Number of Inftanccs that his Majefty has been pleafed to give of hi$ Attention to make this new Colony flourifh, one of the principal, without Queftion, was the ge- neral Exemption, for a Time, from all Cuftoms at Importation, bodi for frefh and dry Cod, and for all the Oils drawn from Fi(h in and about this Illand, and coming from thence into the Kingdom in Ships belonging to his Majefty's Sub- jeas. ^ The Arret of the Council of State, which grants this Exemption, is dated May 3, 1723. His Majefty ordains by it, that for the Space of Ten Years, to begin from the firft of Suh next, all Cod Fifh, green or dry, and the Oik proceeding from the Fifliery of his Subjeds at IJle Royale, called formerly Cape Breton,{hz\l be and remain Duty-free in all the Ports of the Kingdom both in the Ocean and the Mediterranean. This Exemption fpecifies all the Rights of Entry be- i jngmg to the five great Farms ; thofc of Landinor and Confumption, in the Ports of Normandy^- thofe of the Provoftihip oi Nantes ; thofe ofBourt deaux Bayonne, Lyons, Jlrles, &c. and the l^orts aijd Havens of all the Places that have fpecial Privileges. All this, however, upon Condition, that at the Departure of Ships from the Ports of the King- dom, the Mafters and Captains of the Veflels fhSl make their Declarations at the Office of his Ma- jefty's Farms, and the Regifter Office of the Ad- miraltVj of the Burthpn nf *Kf»;r .qk:*.c f«^ *u^ Cod- [37 ] Cod-Fifhcry at IJJe Royale j of which Declara- tion an Extraft fliall be delivered by the Receiver of the Farm Office, without Expence : And that at their Return from the Fifliery, arriving in the Ports of the Ocean, Languedoc, Provence, or the River Lotre, after having made their Declaration at the Farm Office, in the ufual Manner, oi the Quantity of Fifh they have on board, and of the Oils arifmg from the Fifficry of the faid IJle Royale they fhall give in the Extradl of their Declaration Departure, which Extra^ ihall be kept and fi, led by the Receiver, who {hall fupply him with a Duplicate alfo without Charges, for him to make ufe of on every Occafion. On the 13th oi September the fame Year, a like Exemption was granted, for the Fi(h and Oils of the Ifle of St. John, which is reforted to fince his Majefty's Subje^s have made the E< ftablifhment at IJle Royar -^-Thus far Savary, In the Year 1732 the Trade of Cape Breton W'^^^ ^^ increafed, that when the Fleuron and Brilliant, two Frejuh Men of War, were order- ed upon that Station, to cruize on the Banks, ex- ^inc into the State of the Fiiheiy, and give the t^ilhermen any neceffary Affiftance and Protcdi- on ; and from thence to Canada, and fo back to the Fifhery again ; and then to convoy thofe Ships that had made their Voyage, and were ready to depart for Eurc^e : The Marquis de la MMn Fort who was on board one of thofe Ships, re^ marks thus on his Journal : " Louijburgh is a good Port, and a fafe Har- hour, and will be fufficiently fecured againft * all <( <( «1 <( <( f 38 ] " all rnfults when the Fortif,cati<,ns, which they are now d.hgcntly at work on. come to ^ '°'"P<=«ly •.".<],•<). More than a hundred Wh for Cod and employ the People of tha Country to M. for them in fmall* Craft of *i"V"- • ^^'"J" ™' "'^y 'i" ""'1'1'y from the Begmnmg of 7««. till OM,r, wJien they al get ready to depart, every VeflH fhr its rdpeftjvc Port. This Irtand produces fome Gram hkew.fc : But, tho' the Inhabitants are more than 4000, they find their Account much better in Fiflwy than Hufl,andry ; and conlequcntly the Land lies wafte, thev 1 rocu :: nng .all Ncccffaries in Exchange foVX"; Before I quit the Funeb Writers upon tliis .Subjeft It may not be amifs to make an Extradt of the Value nut upon this liland at its firft E, Jfablilhinent, by a French Minifter, M de Pont- chartrmn, as we find it in a Letter to the Duke de 6r<,«„„;,^. dated 5<.//. 9, ,7,3. We have here befides a fhort Hirtory of the Beginning of this Settlement, which in little more than ,0 Years has grown to be of the Confcquence we Ihall by and by mention. " You will be perfuadcd of the Attention I 8'^V'° P''°'^"''e to the Merchants that deal in the Fiflicry the Means of continuing it, when 1 have uiformed you, that the King fent from Rochcjort, in the Month of May laft, one i!?^', .-^ S° "'"^ '»y the firfV Foundation of an tUablifliment in Cape Breton, where Fiih V'r "T" "^""''""f than in the Ifland of JSn^ioundlanJ, and whprp one m-" fqi'» •!"■ Fifl,, cc (< << l( <( (C [ 39 ] It «( <( «4 IC «( ' °' <^'°"""«« was on foot, the E„ghjh Council of Trade propofed fome adi Jhtioi^ Articles. _ one of whi'^h'^w.s. " Thtt t-um,ient<;ior[n_alJCod, Lin- or Haicfc, or iiiktJ [40] ^ filled Herrings, Salmon, and all Fi/h whatfo- " XI't^°- ""' ""^y. '"' ^'"'y ''"p°«'d from the Domuuon, and by the Subjefts of Gr.a/ « f;''f». « ^'•''?/» Ships, into the Territories of i?r _ As to the State of Cape Breton and Louilburzh m 1745, they are thus dcfcribed by ^u 'JaLs Gtbfon who was a Gentleman Volunteers the BHtd ""''" ^^^ Subjection of Great „ ".,(") T/i's I'lace, which we have thus hap- pily made our own, may with Propriety be G "< call'd 4C • < caird the Key [4O << IC IC (( (C <( cc (( c< «c tc (( C{ "' l " Oppofite to the Ifland Battery there is alfo a Is ?,fo'bl"H T"'?""!!^ L'e'^'-'^""'"^. ^ well as a Moble Harbour for the largeft Ships. Near the S^.ore and Banks.%hich are about 20 Leagues Uftance, there are Fifl, in abun- vitincc. 1^™,''''^''"''^' .'"^ speeding fine for cu- M Ml pf ' H '■"'^'■■^'S ti'cm fit^for a foreign Maiket. Here are Mackarel and Herrings in Plenty, both fu and large for Baits. ^ 1 lie Land heft produces very good Wheat t^raf^ Beddes theie Commodities, here are fine Beach Wood and Flake, for the n'u'^d B ! " TM p' '"'^"'^"""'^ FiilKrman and Farmer. Shore rr ''°'"7'"1'J^ n°t only Cafe-SM- Gu^f af W "'"* ^'''^J«'"'i'''«'i : but the J «..« t^-^ s-viHctjucnce, (C ct C( '' '"""= r»"icularly the Fa- •• r1™Ic r ^' ."''V^'' '"*' ""' 'ive and twenty " I.rl ? "'" ^"y Wall; and to fee Guns, that were forty-two Founders, dragged hy the .^ £'#/* fron, their Oran.i Battery; notwith! the Koad too very rough " A^iothcr Authority for 'the Strength of tim Pace, and the great Importance of it to us, wc Ua ^""r' /.}'''l" in' "^*^^J' ^'^^'''t", 'oil the^ Hands. And. it has ^l«,a ' "I '" n'**" '"^>' ^« ^"0 ved S Gran^U/. they* hare at te^^^^f/. ""^"'l°^j^', f^^'" ^'- ^«/-. and 'i'is Fishery, that fifh at pLf'^; i^"''^':'^ «^" °f thefe Ships i„ that 10 come out to make tE oIm v ^ '"^ thofe Ships. Quintals) be as foUowi -Z^ ^°>"S'-^' ''^ «^"/ <:ach 300a Ac G7/(f Breien At G\//^aj» At i^a^irt At Por/f/, 5a/j-«^ ^t Le Fails JJJet St. Maltu'i ulcn 414 — 24.5^0 Qulrita!?. - 1 86,OGOi 1 8,00a - 18,000 - I t'jOOO *■ 9,000 - 900,000 ' 149.000 .hcf. Ship, above leckl^d']^ c"!"/"! 1/ f^ "*'"-- '«"- of known to be fo. -— __ n,,. ^k"''^ •^' -^^^'^ tifr. Which is well ^h.ps .0 employe, among Le"; Tom S'"-y " l'^ ''''' '^ '*'« in-jiiTic voyage; winch are a rrr-^V ^ ''--O iridic raris oii t.ole T^.e.u;.oi Sh>p^ abo-; V/.d 13 "'"?, '" ^""^^^^ ^^^^ i»^o. much Uvcll the Account. ' "''' ^" '■'^^'^^ ^^'i b« BtHdci [48 ] " Conftitution ; and it is as dcmonrtrable, the Recovery of a Place of this Confequence will entirely break up their Fiflicry, and deftroy " this ^>e,OLf,e Poneux Uarvre, (ffc. One HunJr,d mnd Fifty Ships ^t each -Wh.ch carry home, upon an Average, from T-wmfy-t^va Inffrni ^^'r'-r-^^^'"/-'"'^^^ in Number r^hich make. oVthe ^n a Med ;m' TZ'^'m"' Hunjlred anA Fifiy Sail .f Ship,: And. TLXn, 7 ?'^''"" ^J^'ii'^^'irednoufjHdFiJhes L Tale. 1 hcfc Ships are fitted o«t m Frand for their Voy.lEeson the BaJs Sent or' D,r'I ''" '^'' ^[* l^'^^" '' ""'^^"^ ^''^X -"' wi h ny Ac ! Sh" . ? ?c'^'"," ^'" ^'^'^'^ <^'«^« 'h*^y ^«='o't to f;«*. Breton for Shelter and buppl.e.); and from thence home ii^rLe Audit To Loto C::?'r'/"^S; "^" ^'^^y '■'' maXheirVoy^^e" to go into Cw/, Bnton for Water efpecially, as the) had no ofher In regard to the Value of this Branch of Trade, it is neceflkrv heretoobfcrve that tber. is hereby produced a Ja;geOuantty^^^^ 7r«,„-0//, wh.ch W,hasalway. an immediate demand for «/ W for the.r Woollen Manufaftures. L.ght.s. es". And wifh which alio thur Sugar Colonies, that can't do wi hout it. are ye! y lupply d. t ,s certainly well known that they either do ormay tf.kXl''"' """^'f"^ ^''^'y ^"^^-^ /O//, clefr drain c^ from the Bluhher out of every hundred Quintal of Fifh And th.<. out of the Q.,ant^^ty of Fiih before-mentioned, wi produce Ecd Ninety Ha./^eads of Oi J And « iowjng th. FourUoufandFiJhe. in Number 1 equal toX ult '^Xl/^r-5 J^" ^t^} '''^" '^^'^f'reeMilL Nine Hundred .houUJfuudJIh by the fame Rule, wll yield Nine Hundred and 'f'VLrlv/*a-7 Qmutalof It, in E.gl>/h iJouotm. to iViarlci ~ j — ^^. /. i. 574,500: 00 cc cc 350: 00 And thtn the Fifl, only is worth ^ 745" 3. St 00 And C 49 ) II tc /^ to the Mouth of tlie River; and then a i^re^t ctcal iiir: \ iCi '*. [58] thcr up the River. So that it is impradicable to think of going thither for Shelter : And of Con- fequence the whole Trade to and from the Weji Indies, &c. will be not only expos'd to our Pri- vateers from the Northern Colonies in War-'T'ime, without any Place to retreat to, but even in Peace, without any Sea-port they can call their own, or Jay any Pretenfions now to do, in thefe Seas, any where to the Northward of Mejjafippi, as above faid. And as to Canada itfelf, — the River is now fo much under our Command, as well as the Gulph, that all Trade there may be very eafily flopped, and all Communication cut off from them by our Ships in and out of Cape Breton, So that (without Force or Arms) in a very few Years that Colony would fill, and the whole Trade of Furs, carried on with the hidians there, coming into the E?iglifi Hands, Canada may be kept unable to fupply or fuinifli them. But a happier Confequencc than this will be, that, as they may be kept from fup- plying the Indians to trade, fo alfo from encou- raging them to annoy our Frontiers : And they (the Indians) even miiji become obliged to, and dependent upon Us ; fo that we fhall not be in fuch continual Apprehenfions of their Hojlilities, but rather may have them in as much Subjcdion to Us as they have been to the French, To all that is faid before in regard to Cape Bre- ton, let it be added, that by this Acquifition wc have fecured to the Nation the Garrifon of Ana- polis Royal ^ and the Colony of Nova Scotia, Which, being a very rich and fertile Soil, and its Rivers abounding with FiHi. and fettled bv ^renck Catholicks, that Nation has much regretted the Lofs [ 59 ] Lofs of, and wanted to recover. Yea, and which they endeavoured to retake, by laying Siege to Annapolis, both the laft Year, 1744 j and this pre- fent Year 1745$ and would have got it, had it not been for our Expedition to Cape Breton, which caus'd them to raife the Siege and withdraw; and by our holding Cape Breton, V^e fliall keep thofe trench Inhabitants at Acadia in ftrid: Allegiance to hts Majejiy, or elfe oblige them to quit their Pof- feflionsj which are all Far?ns, brought to and iit for any Service immediately. Which will be an Encouragement to our own Subjeds to go and fet- tle there J and alfo oblige the Cape Sable Indians, our Enemies, either to abandon that Shore, and fly to Canada for fuch Shelter and Supply as they can fpare them. And by that Means 'we fhaii get rid of that Tribe at leafl, if not by the fame Means, thofe alfo of the St. John\ Tribe, which have been always troublefome to us j as both thefe Tribes have had their Dependance entirely on Cape Breton and the French of Acadia j the latter of which have (as Neuters) been fupply'd and us'd as Subjeds both by t\\& Englijh ^nA French i Which we have long enough lamented the bad Confequence of, and which is now ftopt ; fo that they muft cither depend entirely upon Us, ar.d become good Subjeds with us, or elfe on the French. And if the latter, tliey muft of Courfe retreat to Cajiada, (where they will help diftref^, rather than relieve that Colony) and leave us Noi^a^ Scotta difencumber'd both of Thcmlcives and Salvages. Had we not taken Cape Breton this Year, and the frejich had taken Annapolis, (which it's not 4ifputcd Tliey waild have d:m\ had we been i 2 ' " idle; [ 6o] idle) the Confequence then would have been: -'- All the Inliabitants of No'va Scotia would have declared for the Fratch Kwg immediately, and the Colony at once been ellabliflied td him. And all the Qipr SaUc and St. Jolm's Indium, who af- lilkd at the Siege of Annapolis widi thofe of Ca- ritdii, would have been well fupply'd with Arms, Aniinunition, ^c. and fet loole upon our Fron- Hers: And their Succefs have fo difpirited even th.ofe other Tribes that pretend to be at Peace with us, that they imifl have joined with^them. And they together would have carried Havock, pevaftation, and Ravage, all over our Frontiers : Whil{^ their Men of War, and PriAateers, by Sl^i, would have deftroy'd our Sea-Ports, and kept ii^ in continudi Alarms j without having it in our Povver to hinder them from carrying their Conquers from uijtnapolis, along our EafterA Shore, even to Cape Ann, were they fo iriclin'd. The quiet PofTelTion of Alt which for the fu- ture in a great Manner depends immediately on this Acquijiti.n aiid Keeping ol Cape Breton, (if hot fortified by Ourfelves) at leaft from the French:' Tlie 1 lil Extract I have to make is from the Sermon (a) I have feveral Times mentioned, in tvnich til- Reverend Author, wliile he pioufly and jufily afcribes our Succefs in making tiiis great and valuable Acquifition, td the divine Pro- vidcjice i with a Flow of Eloquence that I have not ieen equali'd on the Occafjon, gives an hifto- rical t 6i J deal Piaurc of the Preparations, Proceedings, Accidenrs, Event, in a Word, of the whole CcJv trivance and Adion in this wonderflil Affair. *' It may feem ftrange, that fuch a Country as r T > h .^^^^^ '" ^tr&ngth, fo iinfkiUed in the Ulc of MUitary Weapons, fo diftreffed fox want Qf Money, fliould mnke an Attempt upon fo strong and fenced a City as Loidsbur^h at €ape ^•fton: Nor (hould we have entertained the Thought, It It had not been clearly pointed out to us by the Providence af Gol It was appa- rently Provtdtme that gave Ilife to this importairt •Uciign ; partly, by permitting tlie Fre?Tch, laft 1 ear, to take Canfo, and invade Annapolh, and torm a Scheme to invade it again this Year. Jiereby opei ing to our Vif-w, in the cleared Man- ner, not only the Juliice, but NeceSity of reduc jng this Place, from whence wc werecxpded tb fuffer fo much,, both on our Sea^Ccafts, and Fron^ tter-.Bordcrs : Partly, by fending a Number of rich huijl-lndm Ships into the Harbour of Lowf^ Mrg/j ior the luppjy and manning of which, m their Voyage to Fr^?2£^, fo many of their Men .uml fuch Quantities of their Stores were ti^k^iu off, and fo late in the Fall, as to render the xSpruig the Mek of Tw^ (a, we vu-^garly ipcaki the moft favourable Op|X3riini.hy we mi -^ht ever cxped: for 4in Ernerprize of this Natiire • I'ho' after all. it would probalyly have never been u-w- ileitaken, i^ tlie Providence of Cod, .>otwitii-.- Ibnding the moii .prudent Steps, iwuk-r f moderate fair Weather as we were blcfled with, while preparing for the Expedition. Tlierc was not the Lois of n I^iv (Athft- Uxt c«^«, d,.;« or Coldy which is wonderful in this Climat'.-, at this [64] • this Time of the Year. Some, who have prc-i' ferved an Account of the Weather for more than twenty Years back, have been furprized to be- hold the Difference between the Months of Fc" hruary and Marchy this Year, and the foregoing ones ; ^/'*.% ?. continued Courfe of good Wea-' ther y tk'tjc.^ as continually intermixed with Storms, ef Snomy or Rakiy or Severity of Cold. ^iid the Weather was as remarkably favoura- ble to our Eleiign at Cape-Bretoii : For, as fome have obferved in their I^etters, there was fcarce ever known, among the Fr^ejich^ fiich a Run of good Weather, as while they were laying Siege to Loiiisburgh j whereas, the very Afternoon they entered the City, the Rain came on, filled their Trenches with Water, a;jd continued for fuch a Number of Days, that they muft have gone thro* infufferable Difficulties, and been in danger of ralfmg the Siege. The French themfclves took Notice of this Difpofition of Providence, and fuid^ // was viftble God fought for us. It was obfervably owing to Providence, that Qur Soldiers were preferved from the Small-Pox, as fuch Numbers of them were in this Town, in crder to embark, when that i?ifeBious Diftemper bjoke out among us, theatning an univerfal Spread. And> perhaps, the Time was never known, when fo many Perfons, in fo many dif- i^rent Parts of the Town, were taken ill with' this Sicknefs, and it w-as notwithftanding flopped in its Progrefs : Which is the more worthy of fpecial Notice, becaufe, if it had prevailed, it' would unavoidably have put an End to the in-' 4^ '.I. l.'vu.i;.jLUli i Ife Il [ 6s ] It was owing to the wonderful Condudl of a kind Providence, that fo confiderablc i\ military Force, at fuch a Seafon of tlie Year, ihould be carried in Safety to the Place tliey were bound tor, without the Lofs of a Man, or meeting with the lead bifafter j and that their Defign fhould be a perfeB Secret to the Eiiemy, till they were fur- prized with the Sight of our Fleet, going into Chappeaurouge t^ay. It was this that made way for landing our Men and Stores without Annoy- ance, unlefs from a fmall Party of the French^ fome of whom were taken, fome killed, and the reft oblig'd to flee for their Lives. It was owing to the extraordinary Favour of Providence, that the Enemy, fo foon after our landing, forfook their Grand-Battery ; allowing us to enter and take PofleiTion of it without the leafl Oppofition. This feems, on the one IlanJ, to be a riioft flUal Mirtake to the?n, which can fcarce be accounted for, unlefs from a Spirit of Infatuation,^ or a mighty Terror feizing their Hearts : And on the other, the leading Advan- tage put into cur Hands ; as it animated our Men with Life arid Vigour, furniflied therri with the heaviejl Ca?inon made ufe of in the iSiegc, and en- abled them with greater Speed, and lefs Danger^ to make their Attempt on the Town. And here was a Series of Thuigs remarkably over-ruled in Providence. Not only were our Men ctij[jK)fed and enabled to tranfport their Cannon (foitie of which were of large Size and Weight) over Hills and Rocks, and through Morafles, in which fometimes they iLjiih. v.-iCii uliCii -^ainuv^c:-» lO iXb tO Dc UlU ICtl U\ the Mire j but in Sight of the Eneniy^ and with- K ia J [66] in Reach of their Shot, they ereded Batteries, mounted Guns, fixed Mortars, and foon got all Things in readinefs, both to cannonade and bom- bard the Town: And all without the Lofs of fcarcc a Man. And though they were nine and forty Days befieging the City, and had their near- eft advanced Battery within lefs than I'hirty Rods of its Wejlern Gate, (as the Meafure has fince been taken) and were playing from it moil of the Time, and receiving the Enemies Fire ^ yet the Men flain were but an handful. And the like fignal Prcfervatlon they met with at their Battery by the Light-Houfe, This was the greateft Annoyance to the Enemy, and, un- der God, the greateft Caufe of their Surrender. And the whole Time they were creating it, and getting their heavy Cannon up the high and fteep Rocks, to the Amazement of the Enemy, they were continually play'd upon both by their Cannon and Bombs : And yet, if 1 remember right, there was no more than one Man flain. The whole Number indeed of Men loft, whether by the Sword, or Sickncfs, or Difafter, during the Sie^e, did not amount to more than an hund- red and twenty. This is the Doing of the Lord, and ought to be marvellous in our Eyes. The like has fcarce been known in the World. But befides thefe Favours of Providence, there was a moft feafonable Coincidence of Events, all tending to point our View to God, and to lead us in'o an Apprchenfion of him as remarkably ap- pearing to grant us Succefs. Such was the coming in of a large Supply of thofe very Provilions which were wanted, juft as our uur [^7 ] our Forces were ready to fail, and without which they mult have been delayed. Such was the taking a Number of Store-Ships going to the Relief of the Enemy, as well as in- tcTcepting a Pacht f-om France to the Governor ot LapeBretn.j^ wh'-Ji might have contuiricd Ad- vices of grc.r Lrportance to the French, and Uillervice to u . ^ And fuch alfo was the taking a large Ship of War With n>>,,- than live hundred Men, Provifi-- ons for eight Months, and about an hundred Bar- rels of Powder more than her own proper Store. Had the Providence of God permitted her to go in fafely, it might have defeated our Defien Such a Number of Men, and fuch a Quantity of 1 rovifion and Ammunition, would ImT'e given Heart, as well as Strength to the Enemy, and fome think, mufl have obliged us to raife the Siege. But what a merciful Turn did her C^ap- tufe give to our Affairs ? Not only were the Ene- my weakened, but a great Part of their Strength put into our Hands to be turn'd againft them : belides that our Army received a Supply of Pow- der which was now fo wanted, that our C\mioa mult have been filent without it. And this Event is the more worthy of No ice becaule of the Incidents in Providence remark- ably leading to it. A Packct-Boai irom Great Britain arrives to Commodore Warren in the mii hidies ordering him to Bofton with feveral Ship. ot War, to advife with Governor Shirley for the 1 rotedtion of the Northern Cohiies ; whicli is the more obfervable, as the Commodore, thro' the I- norance of his Pilot, had juft before loH his o4 to Gun-bhjp, by means whereof he could eive [68] our Governor, who had difpatched Letters to hiiii, advifmg him of the Defign againft Cape Breton^ no great Encouragement to expedt his Help ; tho' being now acquainted with the Refoluiion of this Government, he was prepar'd and dilpos'd to liaften away with the greater Speed, upon his Ordei s from Hcm\ But had he come to Bo/Ic??, as he intended, agreeable to his Orders, he had probably been too late at Cape Breton to have met with iHs Ship of War. A Veflel therefore is ac- cidentally caft in his Way at Sea, accidentally to Man, but intentionally by God, giving him cer- tain Information that the New England Forces had been fome Time on their Voyage; upon which, though in Want of Water and Provifions, he altered his Courfe, and arrived before the Harbour of Laiijhiirgh time enough to fave the Vigilant, a fine new 64 Gun Shig, defignedly fent from France for the Protedion of the French, and Diib-efs of tb.e EngliJJj. But the moil aftonillnng Article in the Condud of Providence, was its difpofing the Enemy, by furrendcnn[.>; their City and Fortrefles, to prevent that general Aflault, both by Sea and Land, whicli had been rcfolved upon, and muft have <,"Cca!!()Picd a mofl dreadful .Effufion of Blood on both Sides: And Cod olily knows what the E- vent v/onld jiave been ; as the French were fo llrongly fortified, and had within their Walls 600 rci'ular Troope and, at leaft, 1 400 of the Inhabitants, whom they had called in to their iAfiiftance. Upon the vvhole, the Redudion of Loiiijhurghy conjidering the inimenfe Sums of Money that Ikive been laid out by the King oi France to ren- der f 69] rtnder it impregnable i and confidering alio that It was accompliflied by inexperienced, undifci- plined Troops from New England, is an Event truly lUrprifing, and will be Ipoken of as fuch at home, and handed down as fuch to the Children yet unborn. CONCLUSION. From this Cloud of Witnefles we may cdleft ; 1. That Cape Br dm, notwithflanding the Di- yerlity of Accounts by different Authors concern- ing the Soil, Produce, Climate, and Harbours, is, upon the Whole, a Place of confiderable Va- lue in itfelf, and reprefented as moft valuable by thofe who had beft Opportunities of examining its Condition. ^ 2. That by its Situation, at the Mouth of the Gulph or ^t. Laurence, between Neivfotindlafid and the great Fifliing Bank, and the main Conti- nent of North America, and by the happy Cir- cumftance of having its Ports all open to the O- ccan, this Wand would be of ineftimable Worth to the PoiTellbr, though it did of itfelf prodiKe nothing at all 3. That whoever are poflefs'd of Newfoundland and Acadiii, if they • have Cape Breion • at the W Time, may command all the Fifl^crv of A c?-th America : But- whoever have Newfoundland and Acadia, if they have not Cape Breton like- wife, can pretend only to a Share in this Fiflierv and not the bell Share neither, if the People of another Nation, wiio i\re in PoUeiTion oi Cate Breton be better protected and more induftrious than the Poffcilors of Newfhtmdiand and Acadhi. 4. 1 hat the FiHicry of tlie Neivfcundlaud f- iJands and Banks, (under which general Name I [70] include Cape Brcto??, and all the reft in thofe Seas) and the oppofife Coafts along the Continent, might, if carried to the higheft, and made the moit of, by any one Nation, berender'd of more Value than the Mines of Peru and Mexico, or tlian any other PoflefTion or Property that can be had in any Part of the World, 5. Tiiat the Reafon of this is, becaufe a vafl Quantity of Salt Fifh is a necelfary Part of the Support of the prefent large and populous Nations of Europe, as well on Account of the frequent Deficiencies and Failures of other Provifions, as from Motives of Religion or Superftition, which bind down two Thirds of the People in Chrijien- dom to the Ufc of no other Flefli but that of Fifli tor almoft half the Days in the Year. 6. That thefe latter Motives induc'd the Frenchy while they were in Poffeffion of Cape Breton, to be more induflrious in the Fifliery than the 'En- glijh, and their Crown to give them better Pro- tediion ; by which Means they outvied us greatly in this Trade, and in a Courfe of Time might have driven us entirely out of it : Whereas we, by pofleiTing the Whole, /hall liave the ftrongefl Incentives, thofe of immenfe Profit, to cultivate this Trade to the utmoft, and our King will have the mofl povverfui Reafon to proted: us, from the great Addition this Trade muft in Time bring to the Revenue. 7. Thai if ever Cape Breton be rcflored to tlie French, or they are fufter'd to eflablifh and carry on without Interruption any other Filhery, the fame Motives will revive asain, and the fame En- couragement will be given them by the Roman Catiiolic Nations to outvie us in this Trade : But 'il we keep tlie Whole in our I lands, (as v/e very I '■'{ A / be f [71 ] ivell may, by the Help of our Fleets) all the Papifts in Chriftendom will depend upon us for their Faft Day Provifxons, and mufl pay us a great- er Tax for their Superflition than they pay even to the Pope himfelf. _ 8. That we (liall not only hurt the French Na- tion in general (ourniofl dangerous Rivals) by de- priving them of their Fifliery, but nuift largely abridge the Revenue of France, by Icilening the Confumption of French Salt, the Proht of wliich is folely in the Crown, and more than Half oi which, that was made in the Kingdom, was em- ploy'd in this Fifhery. At the fame Time the Revenue from our own Salt Trade, which iiands engag'd for a confiderable Part of the National Debt, may be made to increafe in Proportion as that of France is leiTened. 9. That the Advantao^es to arife from this Fifli- ery, are not merely the Profits of thcFifh, or the Salt tocure it; but the vafl Confumption of Britijh Commodities, of moil Kinds, that muft be occa- fioned by this Trade, and the Superiority it muft inevitably prcferve us at Sea, by being an eternal Nurfery of perhaps 30, 40, or 50,000 Seaman; fince nobody can tell what Numbers might be employed, while we had this Trade folcly'in our Pofleflion. I o. That the Britifl:) Empire in America can be no otherwife compleated, nor our Trade to New England, New Tork, the Jerfics, Mary- land, Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia be fecured, than by kecpi..j^ ^.iTeffion of Cape Breton. II. That the Strength of this Place when at- tacked bv the New-England Men, the long Sieo;c itheld o-:!^ and the Danger there v/as oi\ MiT- carriage. WW'^^ [ 72 ] -carriage, if every Circumf> rs had not fdkn right on our Side, and ever^ . eaLre on the Side of the French been defeated ; if all Supplies to carry it on had not arrived, and all thofe to the Enemies been intercepted; thefe, I fay, fuffici- cntly demonftrate, that this Place may be made impregnable by us, if we do but keep there a good Garrifon, well fupplied, and a few Men of War always in or about the Harbour. 12. That by the PofTeffion of this Place we may. render the Freficb Settlement in Car/^iia cf no Value, and muft in time make it die away, tho' we iliOuld not fuccced againfl: it in open mi- litary Attempts ; and that, by being Mafters of Ccmada we fliall monopolize the whole Fur Trade of North- America^ which is, perhaps, next to the Fifliery the moll: valuable in that Part of the World. , 13.^ That all thefe Things obferved, no Con^ fideration whatfoever, either for ourfelves or for our Allies ; no Ceffion in Europe or any other Part oi America; no advantageous Stipulations in a divided Trade (which we never yet found binding, longer than Interefl: or Neceflity held the Tie) i not the Terror of a Rebellion in Scotland^ fomented and fuppoi-ted in that View, by French and SpmiiJIj Money ; nothing, in a Word, that France, Spain, or any of their Friends, can give,, promife, or engage for, lliould prevail upon us ta give up, at a general Peace, either wholly or in Fart, the important, invaluable Ifland of Caps: Breton. FIN/ s. ullen Side es to :) the ffici^ nade re a cf n t we h cf way, mi- l's of Fur laps. Part ^on- • for )ther tions )und I the 'encb that us ta r \\\ APE I