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 iam.\:- '.^t^wamV' 
 
 PASTORAL I.E'n:KK 
 
 OK MIS (IKVCl-; TlIK \K(IIHIS)|(i|' Ol- ( VRKM-.. Ali.M 1 MS 1 KMOK 
 OF 'IIIK AKCJIDKKKSi; (i| <.)IKltK(' 
 
 I'KOMl LCJATINC IHK KNCVCMCAl. LKTTKR .//A./A7 TO.V 
 •or HIS HOI.INKSS 11:0 NIII TO THK ARCHlilSUOI'S, lUSHOI'S, AND 
 OTHKR ORDINAKIKS OI" TIK CANAIMAN CONKEDERATIOX 
 IN rOMMlNION WITH THK AI'OSTOI.U SKK 
 
 LOUIS-NA/AIRE BEGIN. i!v thk (;ru k ok (iOD anu 
 ■or the AposiOmc See, Archbishop of Cvrenk, Adminmstrator 
 
 ■<>F THK ARCHniOCESE OK ()UE«E( . 
 
 7h tin Clergy, both Secular and Jiegit/ar, and to all the faithful of 
 the Archdiocese of Quebec, Greeting and Benediction in Our Lord, 
 
 Dearly Fkloved Mrethren, 
 
 We are happy to-day to bring to your notice the ICncyclical Letter 
 ^^•hich Our Holy Father Leo XIII has lately addressed to the 
 Archbishops, Bishops and other Ordinaries of the Canadian Confe- 
 <leration in union with the Apostolic See. 
 
 We were waiting, to publish it, for an opportune moment, and for 
 all th-; Archbishop:: and Bishops of the Dominion to have received if 
 --ind signed the collective letter destined to accompany it. But, now, 
 His Holiness demands the promulgation without delay of this impor- 
 tant docunient which has been dispatched to Us alone, in Our 
 <juality of Coadjutor to His Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop of the 
 
 ii\n% 
 
-o^'^^ 
 
 c res 
 
 ■♦I 
 
 National Library 
 of Canada 
 
 — 2 
 
 Biblloth^ue national* 
 du Canada 
 
 Metropolitan Church of Quebec, the Mother of all the churches, 
 of Canada. 
 
 This Encyclical was long expected. With the teaching of the infal- 
 lible Doctor, the decision of the most august tribunal upon earth, it 
 brings a new testimony of the solicitude and fatherly affection of the 
 Head of the Church for our country. 
 
 For twer.ty years has Leo XIII now governed the Church, twenty 
 years unremittingly devoted to the sanctification of souls, to the prea- 
 ching of truth, to peaceful struggling for good, to the union of minds 
 and of hearts. His Letters will remain, undeniably, one of the most 
 glorious monuments of the Papacy. They have won the admiration 
 of the universe, they are spirit and lifg. AH questions most closely 
 interesting the individual, the family and society, science and faith,., 
 have been successively treated by Leo XIII ; he has solved the 
 great problems which agitated the nations ; he is truly the Master 
 of his age. 
 
 But while teaching the universal Church, he has not neglected the 
 private churches, and there hardly remains to-day a single one, in the 
 East as in the West, to which his voice has not spoken, which has 
 not received from his august lips counsel and direction. His great 
 heart embraces all nations, the lowliest as well as the mightiest, 
 those which count centuries in their train and those which are begin- 
 ning, those which have remained in the right path, and those whicK 
 have wandered therefrom. For each and all, his admirable intellect, 
 enriched with the choicest gifts of nature and of grace, has been a 
 light, as the Word his divine Model, whose work and benefit he 
 continues. 
 
 Lately, addressing the Bishops of Austria, Germany and Switzer- 
 land, regarding the question of education — a question which, more 
 perhaps than any other, is the object of his preoccupation and zeal — 
 he summed up, in a magnificent page, the principles of which 
 Catholics must never lose sight. 
 
 We were struck with that teaching so clear and so firm, and which 
 responded so perfectly to the wants of our agitated times. Leo XI£I 
 exhorted the Bishops to leave nothing undone in order to maintain 
 the faiih whole and entire in all the schools, both those intended for 
 children and those which are called higher or academic. He warned 
 them against mixed or neutral schools; those where religion is impair- 
 ed, and those from which it is banished. IndifTerentism or neutrality 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 111193 
 
— 3 
 
 - 
 
 i 
 
 in the school appeared to him as a sacrilege, and he feared not to 
 say that " to organize teaching so as to deprive it of every point of 
 'Contact with religion, is to corrupt in the soul the very germs of the 
 beautiful and the honest, to prepare, not defenders of the country, 
 -but a pestilence and a plague for the human race. " 
 
 Afterwards, anxious to make heads of families and all interested in 
 education understand, that that which the child claims, by right of 
 his baptism and of the Catholic Faith, is not merely a smattering of 
 religious instruction relegated to a secondary rank, but a teaching 
 wholly penetrated with the Christian spirit, he wrote these beautiful 
 words which We love here to repeat : " Not only must religion be 
 laught to children at certain hours, but the whole teaching must breathe 
 forth a fragrance of Christian piety. Otherwise, if that sacred aroma 
 •does not penetrate and enliven the spirit of masters and pupils, 'he 
 teaching, whatsoever it may be, will produce but little fruit, an. U 
 ■often, on the contrary, result in most grave inconveniences. " 
 
 These important lessons. Our dearly beloved Brethren, Leo Xiif 
 repeats today, in adressing Us the masterly Letter which it is Our 
 mission to promulgate. The Catholics of the whole world will reap 
 benefit therefrom, but it is on you especially that devolves the duty 
 of listening to them with the deepest respect and of putting them 
 faithfully into practice. 
 
 It is assuredly for all Canada a signal honor and an inestimable 
 advantage that the immortal Pontiff should thus deign to take par- 
 ticular notice of us, to examine our many requirements, to take an 
 -exact account of our social condition, of our ^tfength and of our 
 weakness, to seek the cause of the evils from Ayhich we are suffer- 
 ing and of the strifes which divide us, in order to point out to us the 
 way we must follow and the remedies we must use. He to whom it 
 has been said by Jesus Christ himself : " Feed my lambs, feed my 
 sheep : confirm thy brethren. " Yes, he is the same who speaks from 
 the sacred hill of the Vatican, and the pages full of tenderness and 
 ■of powerful doctrine that his hand has tr,'»ced will form one of the 
 noblest chapters of our national history. 
 
 . But why has the Pope spoken to your Bishops, and through them 
 to the entire Canadian people ? Why does he recall to our minds, 
 more forcibly perhaps than he has ever done before in any of the 
 -documents emanating from his authority, the unchangeable rules 
 /rem which the children of the Church may never swerve irf; the 
 
— 4 — 
 
 matter of instrurtion and education ? It is good that you should' 
 know it, and \Ve will answer you in u few words. 
 ^ Ever since their entry into the Canadian Confederation, the- 
 Catholics of Manitoba had their own sciiools, wherein tlieir chil- 
 dren were taught conformably to their religious j)rinoiples and 
 the direction of the Church. They possessed these schools, not in 
 virtue of any concession or tolerance whatsoever, but in virtue of 
 a solemn pact which honor and justice forbade to break and it> 
 which they placed absolute trust. Respectful themselves fcr the 
 persuasions and the liberties of those Who did not share their belief,, 
 they demanded, not a favor, but simply the exercise of the right 
 they possessed of bringing up their children according to the 
 dictates of their conscience. During twenty years, these rights. 
 were recognized, and peace and harmony reigned throughout the 
 Province of Manitt)ba. ,\11 at once, for reasons tliat we need not here 
 seek to penetrate, in iHyo, an unfortunate law came to cast conster- 
 nation in the midst of our bnthren, and to deprive them, who were 
 the weaker, the less numerous, the poorer inhabitants of that <;ountry^ 
 of tliat liberty which was assured to them by the most sacred engage- 
 ments, and which was dearer to them than their very life. Their- 
 schools disappeared to be reiilaced by publii; schools, to the erection, 
 and maintenance of which they were forced to contribute with their 
 money, and which nevertheless, their conscience as Catholics, owing 
 to the regulations there to be observed, the books adopted, the reli- 
 gious neutrality there introduced, made it their duty to interdict tc>. 
 their children. 'I'hey felt themselves hurt ; they realized all the more 
 the injustice of which they were the victims, that, in-anotherprovificcv ^ 
 where the Protestants form a small minority, the brothers of those 
 who stripped tH(;m of their right,s, were being treated by Catholics- 
 with .an equity and a cordiality publicly recognized on all sides. Then 
 began for them an era of grief and of .sacrifice.s. They protested nor 
 biy and energetically, and it may Ije said, that throughout the whole 
 country, all who possess the sense of justice, and for whom the stipu- 
 lations of a contract are not an empty form, whether or tiot they 
 belonged to the .same faith, protested with them. After these claims, 
 which unfortunately remained inefTectual, the legal contest began.. 
 The question was one that interested in the iiighest degree the Ca- 
 tholic conscience ; the Bishops could not, therefore, remain neutral 
 and inactive. They were (rue to their duty ; united together they. 
 
i 
 
 appealed to the Catliolic^ ami to all sincere and loyal citizens, it 
 seemed to them that so just and holy a cause should soon triumph. 
 'Ihcir teaching's and their counsels are still IVesli in our memory ; 
 posterity, We are sure, will he grateful to them Ibr what lhi:y did du- 
 ring those sorrowful years in behalf of an oppressed minority. Alas I a 
 question which might have so easily and speedily been solved accord- 
 ing to the sole principles of natural equity, meets with numerous 
 and unexpected complications. Home from one tril)unal to another, 
 it was thrown into the arena (jf politics. Tiiere again, as it was their 
 right and their duty, the Bishops, {placing themselves above all 
 party-interest and all political speculation, endeavoured to make the 
 cause triumph, because then as bcfcjre, it ever remained a question of 
 conscience, and they could not forsake it. I'he federal law, proposed 
 to solve the question, was foiled, and, since that moment, our coun- 
 try has continued to be the scene; of pa..iful strife. A new gcnernment 
 took the place of the old one. and we learned one day that between 
 it and the government of Manitoba, an agreement had taken ]jlacc, a 
 compromise' had been concluded, i'hat compromise was not the 
 restitution of the rights violated ; it was not evei ,5^ improvement 
 that might be conciliated with the prescriptions of the Church so for- 
 mal in this matter. How could the Episcopate have approved it? The 
 Hishops therefore declared it una(:ce[)table, and the Catholics of Ma. 
 nitoba continued to support their own schools at the cost of the 
 greatest sacrifices. 
 
 The situation was becoming more and more strained. The (}ues- 
 tion was presented to the Pope, to that venerated Head of the Church, 
 whom (Jatholics acknowledge as their Supreme Pastor, to that great 
 diplomatist, to that master both prudent and wise, whom even they 
 who are not his sons have chosen for the arbiter of their difficulties. 
 
 .'\s he had already done, in simular circumstances, for other nations, 
 Leo XIII was pleased to act as our teacher .ind our guide. Hut before 
 expressing his judgment in so grave a matter, and in order to give sa- 
 tisfaction to all, the Sovereign Pontiff appointed a Delegate Apostolic, 
 and charged liiiii to j)rcsent a report after having heard the parties 
 interested. 
 
 Leo XIII speaks therefore to us to-day, Our dearly beloved Bre- 
 thren, with a heart full of the liveliest affection, but not without 
 having examined and maturely weighed all, confident that his word 
 will be greeted as a word of equity and peace. 
 
— 6 — 
 
 His admirable Encyclical will provide a theme for many salutary 
 instructions ; but it is not Our intention to comment it to-day. We* 
 wish simply to promulgate it by giving its sense and bearing. That 
 sense, however, is quite clear and cannot lead to discussion. 
 
 After paying a just tribute of homage to the religious glories that 
 have marked the origin and progress of the Church in Canada, after 
 having recalled what the Church has done in our midst for the instruc- 
 tion of childhood and youth, after having "placed the Canadian nation 
 on a level with the most civilized and the most gloriou.s, " and hav- 
 ing made it their " rival, " Leo XIII hastens to broach, in order to 
 .solve it, the great school controversy which we have mentioned above. 
 In his Letter we may distinguish three principal parts : 
 
 1° — Principles of the Catholic Church regarding education ; 
 
 2° — Appreciation of all the events relating to the Manitoba school 
 question from the law of 1890 to the present day ; 
 
 3° — Duty of Cathf)Ii(sand of all citizens, regarding this question, 
 in the future. 
 
 PAR I FIRST. 
 
 PKINCIPI.ES OK IHK ( AlHOI.It ( MUKCH IN THK MATTKR OF KDUCATION. 
 
 In this First Part, Leo .Kill teaches : i. — That the parents above 
 all, under the guidance and with the concurrence of the Church, arc 
 bound to provide for the education of their children and to assure them 
 that kind of instruction which is proper and adapts itself to their reli- 
 gious belief. That is the reason why, in the laws of 1890 which afflic- 
 ted our coreligionists of Manitoba, must be seen not only a violation 
 of the Federal pact, but also a regrettable injury against the unforfeit- 
 able rights of the Church and of parents. " As to deciding, says His 
 Holiness, in what institutions their children shall be brought up, what 
 masters shall be called to teach them the moral precepts, that is a 
 right inherent to paternal authority." 
 
 2. — Leo XIII energetically condemns, as he has already often 
 done, mixed and neutral schools. Speaking of the latter, he says : 
 " Must be shunned at any cost, as most pernicious, those schools 
 where all beliefs are indifferently harbored and placed on the same 
 footing, as if, in what concerns God and things divine, it mattered 
 little to have or not sound do(-trines, and to adopt truth or error. " 
 
r 
 
 __7 — 
 
 3. — Leo XI 11 (IcrirK's the Catholic s« luml, ili.it v^hich is hi-ld liy 
 " Catholic teachers, whose readers and text-hooks are approved by thu 
 Bishops," and whose entire system harinoni/es with the roligiors wants 
 and duties of the young pupils. Without rhesf < onditions, the school 
 exposes Catholic children to the gravest dangers, an<l it is a sovereign 
 injustice (the word is of Leo XIII) to force fathers of families to (;\- 
 pose thereto those whose care the Author of nature has conlided lo 
 them. " When Catholics demand — and it is their duty to thus de- 
 mand and claim - that the teaching of the masters agree with the 
 religion of their children, they make use of their own right. .And no- 
 thing could be more unjust, than to place them in the alternativfc 
 either of letting their children grow up in ignorance or of casting them 
 into a sphere which constitutes a manifest danger for their souls. " 
 
 PART SECOND 
 
 Ai'PREClATlON OF AM. IHE EVICNTS K K.I. A'l 1N( . lO THK MANITOHA 
 
 SCHOOU-VUKSTION I'KO.M THE I'ASSINi; OV I HE LAW OK 1890 
 
 TO THE PRESENT DAV 
 
 I — Since the i; • of 1890 constituted a real injustice towards the 
 Catholic minority of Manitoba, it was the duty of the Bishops to 
 take the defence of that minority. They did so, and Leo XIII is 
 pleased to give them praise therefor in the following terms : " Where- 
 fore, when the new law inflicted a blow on Catholic education in the 
 province of Manitoba, it was your duty. Venerable Brethren, to pro- 
 test openly against the injustice and against the injury that it had 
 received, and the manner in which you have fulfilled that duty is a 
 striking proof of your common vigilance and of a zeal truly worthy 
 of Bishops. And although, on this point, each one of you meets with 
 a sufficient approbation in the testimony of his conscience, know- 
 nevertheless that We add thereto Our assent and Our approbation. 
 For those things which you have sought, and still seek to guard and 
 defend, are truly sacred. " 
 
 2 — All honest men, all Catholics especially, should likewise have 
 been united in defending a cause the importance of which cannot 
 suffer comparison with mere political interests. Unfortunately 
 party-spirit intervened to prevent the fulfilment of that sacred duty 
 and the Holy Father bitteriy deplores it. 
 
— 8 — 
 
 " What is more deplorable still, says His Holiness, is that Canadian 
 Catholics themselves did not succeed in agreeing to defend interests, 
 Ihe greatness and gravity of which should impose silence on the 
 interests of political parties, which are of a far inferior order," 
 
 3 — 'Ihe ngreenietit effected between the Federal authorities of 
 Ottawa and the provincial government of Winnipeg, an agreement to 
 whicli they would like to give the name of settlement of the school- 
 question, is declared defective, imperfect, insufficient, and therefore 
 cannot be accepted as an equitable solution of the question. "'I'hat 
 
 which the (Jatholics demand, says I,eo XI!!, and which they have 
 
 as nol)()dy doubts the light to demand, is far greater. 'I'o sum up 
 the whole, the rights of Catholics and the education of our children 
 in Manito!)a have not yet been sufficiently provided for. " It is there- 
 fore with reason tiiut that agreement has been repudiated by the ICpis- 
 copate, and that the Manitol)an minority would not submit thereto. 
 
 I'ARr rH!KI). 
 
 IH'ItF.S OV CATHOI.KS AMi ()!• Al.l. t rH/i.N> KK(.ARDIN(i 
 
 inK (.)i;k.sti()\ i\ h-mkk. 
 
 It is not enough to state the injustice committed and the insuffi- 
 ciency of the means heretofore proposed for the reparation thereof ; 
 it is important to trace out a line of conduct for the future. .\nd this 
 is done by !.eo XII! in the last part of his I^ncyclical. 
 
 I - Catholics are bound to strive to reconquer, by all legal means 
 at their disposal, all their rights in their fulne.ss. Such, says the Pope, 
 must be the aim in view, such the oliject to be pursued with zeal and 
 prudence. " 
 
 2 — In this ditificult .Struggle, in which all should have the same 
 .'ambition and the same desire : to render entire justice to the minority, 
 if honest differences of opinion may occur, nevertheless these various 
 sentiments, stated with all moderation and charity, finish by being 
 , effaced and blended in a certain manner into a common sentiment 
 ;and a brotherly unanimity. Tlie principle of such unity of action, is 
 the episcopal authority and direction, without which nothing must 
 ibe done nor undertalcen : nan sine consilio vestro. 
 
 % • — The Catholics of Manitoba must be disposed, as they have 
 always been, to accept, without ceasing to claim entire justice, the 
 
mrtial reparations which ihey .iia> obtain, |)rovi(Jcd, naturally, that 
 they agree with the doctrines of the Church and cause to disappear 
 from the schools the neutral teaching condemned bv the Sovereign 
 Pontifl". 
 
 4. 'I'he Holy Father, trusting in the excellency of the cause of 
 the Catholics, expresses the hope that, owing to the equity and '»,, 
 real prudence we have a right to expect from our governments, owing 
 also to the goodwill and the spirit of justice of all Canadians, this 
 thorny questif)n will finish by receiving a thoroughly satisfactory 
 solution. He also greatly relies, to re.ich this end, on the I0v.1l and 
 enlightened concurrence of journalists, whose task is so noble and so 
 important, but who may worthily fulfil their mission only by respecting 
 ■the rights of truth, of justice, of religion, and by obediently following 
 the episcopal directions : l\',ranti,r ac uituk ohsen<f>,t episcoparum 
 tiuctoritatein. 
 
 5. -- As long as justice will not have been obtained, the Catholics 
 will aid with their alms in the support of the Catholic schools of 
 Manitoba, and they cannot perform a better and holier uork. For 
 our part, we desire that the " W ork of the Manitoba School-pence, " 
 approved by the Holy See, be encouraged by all the Catholics of Our 
 idiocese. 
 
 A. The T{isho[)s must provide by their authority, and with the 
 aid of those who direct educational establishments, that a full pro- 
 gramme of studies he carefully and wisely elaborated, and that such 
 only be admitted as professors who are endowed with the qualities 
 requisite for the functions of a solid and profoundly religious teaching. 
 
 Such, Our dearly beloved brethren, is the F:ncyclical of Leo XIII, 
 of which the official translation into French was sent to Us by the 
 Holy Father himself. What it declares, what it prescribes, what it 
 counsels, We have just made known to you, in the fulfilment of the 
 office of Our pastoral charge, ard We interdict, as most disrespectful 
 10 His Holiness, all contrary interpretation. 
 
 Nothing remains to Us now but to appeal to that spirit of faith 
 and submission with which We know you to be animated towards the 
 Holy See. We are desirous to proclaim it aloud : We are above all 
 political parties : We have no intention to be, bound to any. What We 
 desire is the triumph of a sacred cause and not the triumph of- a party. 
 And this triumph, We hope that all men of heart, all friends of justice 
 and liberty will help Us to obtain it. i .,. . ' 
 
— 10 — 
 
 • There is no question of coming back upon an unfo -tiinate past ; 
 this is the hour for a complete, entire reparation that We expect, and, 
 that hour, all sympathies, every noble courage, every generous kind- 
 ness must strive to hasten. Let public men therefore unite together 
 and have recourse to the means that wisdom and patriotism shall 
 inspire them to put an end to the violent state of things we are all' 
 enduring. They know the means of action authorized by the Consli- 
 tion. Let justice come from the government of Winnipeg, induced to 
 repair the injustice committed ; let it come to us from the Federal go- 
 vernment, by an efficacious and abiding law , as we have already de- 
 manded, or even, were it possible, from the Imperial government ; We 
 shall rejoice thereat, and the heart of the Sovereign Pontiff— W& 
 know it — will he consoled. 
 
 In the name of justice, in the name of that harmony that should' 
 reign among all the citizens of the s;,me country. We invite Protestant.-*; 
 — whom a diversity of belief does not prevent from being our broth- 
 ers — to give us their hand and to work with us. Already many of 
 their number, by what they have done in the past, have deserved our 
 gratitude, of which We here offer them the sincere expression, All,^ 
 such is Our hope, will listen to Our voice ; they will treat that small 
 but valiant minority of Manitoba as they would be treated themselves 
 were they in their place. We rely upon them, and — let it be known 
 to them — the victory that We shall win will be theirs as well as^ 
 Ours, for it will be the victory of right and of liberty. 
 
 The present pastoral letter shall be delivered and published at tht 
 prone in all churches and parochial chapels or others where public 
 worship is held and in Chapter in religious Communities, the Sunday 
 following its reception. 
 
 Given at Quebec under our signature, the seal of the Archdiocese 
 and the counter-signature of our Secretary, the sixth of January on4 
 thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight. ' 
 
 t L, N. Archb. of Cvrkne, 
 By order of His Grace. 
 
 B. ph. (iarneau, Pst, 
 
 .Secrttarji^