^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) I/. ^o 1.0 1.1 l!.25 ijo "^^ mi^H ^ Uii 12.2 Photographic Sciences Corporation S ■ signlfle "A SUIVRE", le symbols y signlfle "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tahieaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmte A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui clichA, ii est filmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessslre. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la mAthode. f • • 4 5 6 , i-t 1^ -n -■■^r M :mm:f'-k , -^■t m (t •../. ■^." ■''■^>-* V: ,1 ■^. 4^ ■^ 1 ■- •- WitI ••v:.-?^^' fi: ^ 0.' 7^ - ^Amf^^if^ !»!' '^^ ■Mtiii TTle . A IN E R I C A^ Ccmtsiiiuhg Tlia H I S TO R Y of the Difcovery, Settle- fMttti Prog^fi and prefent State or all tbe / - > 1 * ON THE Conttaenf and Ifiands cS Aimriciti \^ '--« The Second VOLUME. ' ^^;- '«> -* ^ . V. J. I ' • -^ '.^mV c »J. r H •■fft 4v. ^ 'CJ^ ii . wv }1 ^rlT I ^ .■-.*' *^- J O ;h>lviv ' k);:h(>jcti» briLUrxillrrO 4 i i « iMU.lO V hiw33Cyi!T I i:niiu>jjA ci/i .^jfiit'U )OlH ..oirn «i^ i f • •• ' ..u * -•• w " " " . » » • • • • • * •••.• •-*' • • * • • • » • • .' v^. • • "^ti* *•• • • • • • • » ■ »•>«,- • ' -■ • • • A ''"r » i 4» \ I'f x ■■ ^'-K* .-J,.:..- ' ' -UK ><.>>.•-. -v''^. -,«!.,!» ^ '.J K ^<•^'^'F-^"' '^- .V •> 'X. *tt»»^t»»**»^» w iw'*»« ' '» '* *»*»<'My''».-.-. . :«*••-•«««>«•••>" ' ./ J , 1^ ■m mrs. '*mm 'lil-l'iPiSiJ :y IBARBADOES ,iUm4U,dt*.3ty JCJUlt ihmt . m^mttrJUd -tAus f^mtrmtlff/ ^mfi t it M M mt .•*' ^fW-"-" 'P*l'' ": '' iL 4 1 '•■■, HI^Hi 1 IHHi ^ • '.' •*• fa.-..-„-7.W; ■I ».**':, ^'t> * ^- ■■m-* u^%. .# T H E ■ 1'^ ■ HISTO # , ■ OP WAWBADOES. 'f'.jf jvysfi -i^it .i^iii *fcii ■I'll" •H.tnj il l . i ir'i i * i ' ; VoLIL " """• ■-. -. a^' CHA?/ I. ij ISif' "^•^ ; J :.i > , f lis a«E«ed % an mtdriiiifi iSiat Ittfe ttiSe inciition of thii Ubnd, at 'olktt Hi fttpedM tht £^, that ttielRor' t^MM^ i(Nre (die firftiAodifco«OT*dlt| ana it liifoff ttiMiiiiiC ibr their ftb|»pmft in thelK i Yofltfi w^aiid 6ott Ih^ ^ l*odi«Mrr,&« l-p:Cng|ilb came Hidier, they found th« ^^Ste mth thtffl. But Wit iniOI^Plebahil^. 36039 'IT'.i Hi' i" * y/ " t> ■4:, ■■< TheHifiory o/Barbadoes. ty* is a Fi£lion *, for the Ifland was entirery c6- vehLjwitiLjWtiods,. and tbofe. Woods affordinj; oQlj..a .fewj^crrje% for the Nqurilnmentpf tnelejjC himals, *tis not likely there itiouldBeifuch abuhjlance* of them. About 10 Y^ars fince^ tfiere was a Peribn living, who came to Barhadoti^ ^hthe 6rft Engliflimea that fettled there -^and he aifur'd a very worthy Gen* ttaifiar, fnoof wh9fn"^e Writer oHhis F^orj^a^ thia^Jfnfon noni r.-T-jn£ th» whfln thei ftad fiv'd flicri fomftOim^d. SaIWp&vi^loll^ helong'd 6t miih Vk taft fome freflu that he would have fold himfelf for a Slave to any Engliflimaft^wHo would then have fup- |>ly*d him with a Meal pflre^ Meat. Now if there were fuch Plenty of Hogs, and the Fleih of them ib delici0ai> a^ wiHijf mentioned Jvareaficfr, fye aanot smawii. hOoindW infuilii^r^i^A/vinttilffrini welFas fait Provifions. The fame Man confirm*d the Account we have fiiven- of ^hcXhickneis of the Woods \ andJcom thence argu'd, as we , do, ^hat 'twas impoflible for " the pretended infinite T^ui^bffs of Hogs to fub- fiiL- __ We cannot afcertain at what tmic the Poftu-~ gueie difcover'd it, nor when the EngUfti firft found it out after them| We j^D^*:;4^ Former mig|it have been there*! 00 Years ocror^e EngUfli diico- ▼«:d it i For Mvaipiz. Cahral landed in Brafily. A, Dm ^Ufm*ix^ potelilc^- C«tfhti^p6«i %W P^6g6eft, %eM M, ^ Bh'hMoet ao Yte,;ind notfind k ^4^^ Atk9cot^tn*dbyai^ Cffwgrimr.md^fm^f' fidfnt , and CdmaL by virtue,^ cmC pl^n Proof, that 'twas difcover'd By tlic Eng^ fore the Year X ^2;. What w re* ance imen Gcn- for a c fup- thcre lemib ;eha?e :o fttb" Hound hdilco- iwrv'ind eat The wftoty of T^iA '"Whit .we knott of the Matter, is, A^ttt fj^ Year 104. a Ship of Sir WtlU4mCurt99n'%t9p3xrkmi frorn Pemamhock^ \n Br^^ was drifen bjf StreCi^ weather on this Cbaft ^ as die Portogu^ had be^ hefore, it being notf m Ugm iays,Tar ^r 0/ tht Wi^ 9 /«^ 'tistbtm^Wmdwardl^niMd §f the Cha- rlbMS, TobMO only excepfeJ. As indeed it is^ Toki^ liing in 1 1 Degrees, iofea Degree tieartethe Une^ Sdrhadoa. " «That this Ship toach'd here aboat the tear imh Wtfi Mia Gooimany, after m Eipiditipn of the Troce with PhU^tlil King of &atn #nd Fmugal^ began, by Penniffion of ihs States General, to trade thither ^ yet they never lent an^ Fleet, till the Beginning of the Tear'i^SiU before wUch time we cannot imagine theEngliih ^QJiird Venture to irafil^ the Dutch) V^^ing not in&de any SetUement^ lend King Jamet dying* Anno XHi' We think *tts prov'd plainly enougn,; that Sir WilU(m Q*irtim*s Skup canie to jSarbathts^ Anno It docs 1^ ainy where appear ^t Sir Wmiam r ' ^reit there any Beafts, but the abbve-mentioa*d Hogji r 9^nd Ihofe, -ftys; Mr. Ligm^ in abmdatiee^ tht Pwtugueft having Img befirt put fome a/boar y for 9rt^ nf €/fe thnjSould atmty time h driven h foul Wikmr tfpm thelfland^ that thev might there find jreflt Meat^^e firve thfm vpen fitch an Extremity, He " * * f (Bte# iid hots that grew tkere^ afforded B 2 them\ I A "7- ?v s ■ 4 \ *„-■ 'ffSi % Th fiiftory of BdLth^doQS^ • '^ thm fi grtat plenty of Food^ as they multiplfd akm* dMtitly, » Wherein he is not only coAtradi£^ed by the old Man we have fpoken of 'in the foregoing Pages, but by all the Accounts that ever were written fSBarba- dots: For thev all agree, thiit there was no Plan^ Root, or Hero found here, except Purcelain ^ and T, 97. indeed he confefTes as much himfelf : I know no Herb^ . naturally growing in the Ifland^ that has not been^ brought thither from other Parts^ but Pureelaift^ dec. *Tis very certain, that the Charibbeans never in- habited this Idand, for there were no Remains nor Signs of any of their Villajges or Dwellings j and thei had not been fo long poilefs'd of this Iflands^ to which they give Name, as that one canfuppofe tney might have dwelt there many Ages before. "This, 'tis probable, was one of^e lilands they us'd to vifit for Pleafure, of which we ihall fav more in the Hiftory of $t, Chrijtophers^ where we (nail fpeak of the Qioribbeansy and return liow to our pfefent Subje^l. ^ ^Before we continue the Hiftory ofBarbadoes^ 'twiU not be improper to obferve, that this Name was given it by the Portugnefe *, and no doubt relates to the Bar- barity of the Country* which they found wild to the laft Degree, andconlequently believ'd it to be inha- bited by Barbarians. There jkre (bme weak People in this Ifland. who think the Word is form'd from the Beards of the Fie-Trees, and that it fhould be caird Beardbados, But this Etymology is equally Sroundlefs and ridiculous. ^The Portuguefe name it M Barbados \ from whence *t.vasa long time call'd. The Barbadoes *, tho we do not fee what Occafion there is for the The in our Language. The French it firftgave it the Name of Barbopde. They now call it, la Barbade •, and the Englifli, all at leaft w ho have any Acquaintance with the Place or People, Barbadoes, \^ How it became to he inhabited by our Country- men, is our next BufiQefs to relate. The Engliin, who landed there out of Sir WilUam CurHtn'% Ship, when they returned to England^ gave Advice to Oieir Friends of the Difcovery they liad made •. tnd 7^ f!?/% 0/ Barbadoes. .^ tnd (e?eral Perfbns, Noblemeiiy andothen, afider- took to fettle a Colony here. Ships were fent, witli' Men, Provifions, and working Tools, to cut down- fhei WoodS) and dear the Ground, to plant. Provifi- ons for their Sabfiftance % which tilt then they found but ftragling among the Woods. Thus lays the Writer of the Book,which be call^th^ Ligon, /, Barhadoes Hijkory, If by Provifions, he means Corn, ^4* 'itwas impoifible they uiould Bnd thatthere which * - oevi^r was ibwp. If he means the Hogs, we have often m6ntion\]^ how coipes it they found them ontf* ^a^Unffyl This cpnBrmswhattheoldMan faidw th^ir Want of frefti Meat. i-. Hivincr cleared ibme Fart of the (Ground, theEn^ glifti. planted Potatoes^ Plantini^, gnd Indian CoMi, with fome other Fruits^ Which^ fays the lame A U'' thor again, viththe Hiigs Rejh thiyfiuntL ferv'd only fff kee^ Life and Soul together. And the Suppliei' ftQCA England came fo flow, and (o uncertainly, that' they were often driven to great Extremities. ■> • ^ WiUiam Earl of Pembroke was a great Adventurer in the Rti\ fettlingof thik IHand, of which he polTefs'd' himfelf of a gotxl Part \ but we do not Bnd he had any Grant from the King, for the whole I(land WH^* S}* given away afterwards^ ' ' ^. This Lord fent over Ctpt. Cnmrnj to manage his hf-^'^^ fairs there,and wemay lookupoiUSUmrm asthenrflcGoi*®" ^'* vernoar, the reft of the Colony Wimg under his DiW- ^^^' Oion. Thefe new Comers found heve certain Pots^ttr Pant of feveral Size^ made of Clay, fi> finely temper 'd, and turn*d with (och Art, that itKeY could hardly ^ink them to be the Workmanihip or Barbarians or Savages. Yet 'twas thought they* were brought thither by the Charihheam^ who coming thitherin their Canpos and Periagas, hunted the Hoss. kiil'4 them, and boil'd their Meat in them. Whicii Con- }e£ture will feem very probable, to any one that reads what is faid of the Charihheans^ their littl« Vo^rages, and their neit Pots, in the Hifturyof St* Chrifiophprs, Capt. Cgnnon told Mr. Ugon^ that this was a groft Miftake in the Planters, and that no Indians ever Qim6 there *, bat thoft rots were brought by th« ^ l^egro^s tha^ iff ere fetch*d from Atgeh^ and fofne ^ I TAir Ji^ of BarUaJbes; tto Ptrts of Jlfrk4'^ and that he had Teen t}kfA make of them at jttigola^ with thegreateft Art tha^ may be. ^ What, this Author writes In Anfwer to Canatfti is not the leaft curious Part of his Book : TheJdi^ wiUing to believe this Ctptairtj who delivered upon hii ^ ' ' knowledge^ that the Negjwes brought fimt Pots thither^ aitd very finely and artificial^ made \ yet it does not hinder anv Man front believing^ that the Indiarti brot^tfome too : And who knows whieh were rhenu0 €^(Sh mad^'^ §<& *tis certain^ in fame Parts of tha JMandf you mmffee^ in a cUar 'Da*\ St, Vincents prr^ feSlly. And if we can fee thtm^ why may thoy not (eg ^ Ht. f and they will certainly venture ta anj Place they fee^ fo far as thsy know they can reach before Niglst^ fetfmg out v4ry early in thei Morning* -^ • This Account of the Charibbeans VoyaRes, agrecV With the French Authors, traiiflated by Mr. Davie* qfjf^wefy and made life of by him in the Article of St,Chrijhphnrs, , f •}''Twas not long before all the firft Adventurers Kisre either&rc'd to abandon their Settlements* or HM them of thii Earl of Carlijlej of the Family of .j:s .J^'r whp w«s a gfeat Favourite in the Keign of King James I, This Lord beg'd the Propriety of ^O.v") the Uknd oSKiog James h and obrain'd a Grant •Vvj n( r«)f it ^ but not of Kififi James^ for it feems be did noi^ .-A ' V 11^^ long QQong^ ) iSng Charles i. granting it Jamer B/ktl of CarlfM V^ the brft Year oFhis Reign. Upi^* on which all thai ^^nfportcd themfelves thither t6 i' twenty Yc^rs a(tervw[r«^^ ^lr. Id(- i4yi(l$, 'planted between the Bpiikb V the Tr< \W% a)on^ upon t)fe Ground *, fo Si^ iJA^f t virasi tm writes, he founj both Potafoe^ MaizcL then of being cleared. The firft Goyeiaow that I cat|l!9ari» yvai fep^fJ'Hciiry Hptwithftanding i r- ^^'^- ---'-^-^^^ .u...... i Cplony lay undi Cotton- Wool coi ^ ^ couj^aseQU^ts the ne^nr Cplony lay unlerVi^'^U^thriy'fi for W^^^ ,<,.,y<^ ilvfli'. Quanti- were Potton-Wool comka Jttlj Pl«ntif"MX» I'^fi^'M ties of thofe Comm^iti^s, as alfo of faftick, ihip'd o£f for Uni^^n \ and meeting with a good Marke;, other Ships were fent to Bdrbmes^ loaden With fuch Goods aa were wapted there ; Working- Tobls, liron. Steel, Cloaths, Shirts' atfd Drawer^ StockiQgs^ Snoes, and Hats. More People alfo came < mtthe all thcf put in xcui'd^ nj. u»p(. iwan^ woo was men aurvcyur ui mc j^, Igand, drew a Draught of it, and gave it to the Go- vr Vernour^ which he carry'd with him to Engfattd^ ipdJk *|vva$ loft ; but he gave Mr, Ugm a Copy of it . V. B^ fl^om r,€ .^^T t rsimifSy ^ fi^oiii his Memory? and loofe Papers, which w« rdx\i6t Mr. Mod^d did not conie over till abbiii the Year 1*47. The Planters were fo neglected bj the Proprietor, thjtt they reftis'd to libnoar him with the Name-,ift^ ' 1>is Obvernbor taking no Care to have their Gric^ vances rcdr^'d, nor due Proviifion made for. tlrt Defence of the Wand, 'twas a great Baolk to theft grft Adventurers-, who w^em0ood * of the whole Uland)were com^nrfometimesito nuin UA'byag^ d^llief, to impro<^ their Knowlodgje In v being now mad* < abler to mam ^heir QaeH'crofr the Secrets of that * Myftery^ by HoW much tlieir oft«n> Failingiiliad put * them to of^K SfO^K and NonplufTes in their Wprk V frefli Hopes, but ,* ftill fliore 9f wlyit they (houfd be tpore skilful in : * thering,^ and the Right placing ot their Coppers in * their^^umacM ; as aubi of the True way or cover? * in| their Rollen witn -Plates, or Bars of Iron. t ^e found ma;iy Sugar- Worb fet opi and trwork, !bu^;« H i' ^'bstyet the Sagifi th«f made were but bttire Miilcoe * ndo^ancl few of lifaeal Merchantab^r CorxuvQclHiCH^ *fomoiil, and fall ofMoloffes, andfQ,iUcur'd»^«iy Stere hardly worth the hrioging: hom^r Emma. fjet vis compare this with what' Sir DaHof ^nsKWMr ftkl above, and what hefiirther fiiys on the &me Sah- 1^, which he pkces iahdat .the Year xtfxa fey^ii rears be ulraurdls..'' ,'.. -.a /.i '.,■ - . ;i i;, '■,.,• ' r-:* o Z^«ti*s Account of J^ tons to jbp moft fVtiV' fal^ and thereibret W« OiaUrcqpitMiMe it| he^^.pne of thd moft coflfideiia^e Parttof t|^ MarJiiHioiisn^ ftotyyitd know when theCaioe W49 ndl pUntA Hegoeson, * AK>attli«timeill#|he](]and, wbkh ' ^. was in itf-jo.' the Pla9tm were mii^h better^], i|>f fthmthey had the Skill to know when the C^^oei ! tasi'e'ripe. which Was not till they were i5.\^j^t ^old, and oetore t)iey. gathered them at lii *, iwl^h f wasa main QiftdvafflaglB to th^ir making go^ Sip- •TisUQt to be d^iAHk b«« tJwt thl, Hopes of makinjz Sugar tempted over thofe Gcptl^emen Ip the CivilWar, whQ^FprlutKshad beep %Uno/l rqio'd hj ttjMi home : TheChle^of thtfy mr^ 9^. Niufi^ pby iVktroML Mr» tljotm KpmlalL and $lt|iers» whof* Names and FamUies are very wett l|n<^ in Pftm' Ski »»d Cinmtili^ ■.■Vv ' ^KtrS^fhiy of BiGittNKrocs* t^f the Addition of thefe ^efo^es, and other Ad^ venturers, the Ifland^ e&edally; tne Lew^rd Part Pir4's, then Pla^f% then Ifiam's; then trorr's^ th^ MSMtt*i" then Biiim% then 7ho$ttpfofeL,^ai Bat*u t|iin ^^et^>%\hett'We• iherfolts. tUS Striven^ Ibfiti h>fis^ theti A^ri^ fdl% whofe Pbfterity enjoy if at this Day,: T%«^ GUfftt^Sj thei^ i^/^ii^s^ thj^ S4ldjllrin%,thtn iC«#w tlien iVr/5 , who(^ Plantatipn is boW ih the Poi&in« of his Defcendint tib). Frfix;. ' Itli^j^ier/i : tfils Gentleman was oritoal^ oMr^^^^and of a ~'* Family. His^n, Ikaiieliiarit General Jbtl NU]at fftUiard's. where Col. T^ii»MC. afterWards^^ jhoMM Modifrrdt firft (ettled v^nd ^en^^agnni and then Cbl. Jjtfjfiej, afterW&rdJ^; S& JatriesJ^U^X The latter firbm j^ooi. acquir'd aii Eftatc PP06 /. a Year, ^nd marry'4 rfw Earl of Qau]^hter. 'P^er^ttoMale-IiTiiebfthis.l^ahAi send the Eftate is ih[ leveral Han4s. ' Near i>r< i|^rd;Me's Plantati6n» ^h^n Strin^\ of whofe rityfome ftifl requaiti ii^ this-lilancl 't^n^MtMl then Redwood^thfihS^t again, t^en;^«/iQ^, then 5^iL then Af<^,thea fJ^s^ the^ Tr^rt. K^ to ^av, ne^l the Coaft, was Mdhhf^ then Fa»c^\ then ^4cr«fir#i4 then iCiMmV^f, then^tf^W, th^Wifier^thtn Mut- ter, then ^d'^^^t ^heh Sireh, then iTir^^ asain^ and then Needhoffr, who gave Name to the Point, on whiich the Fbrt Was afterwards bttilt, from theiic^ calf d Niedham*^ Pert Next to him was Ceves^ Town, confiftine 6f ibbiit 1^00 Houfcs, was buijt the South $)% Of it Twas in Ligm*% time at pig t. ft •ii |Ng %s Homjjm, More up in the Coontry was M^- mr% Marfial\ C^er/^,;and Ltfs Plantation \ and above the Oovernour*$ iyasiliiig^, {7r<^, f net BueiUy^s Plantations. On the CotK, beyond ^he Bridge^ was Curtif*s, High^t lip MU% then ^jrf^V then JPerk^i^ then iSr'^ .^eii Bmp&\ th?n Fortefiue ^ of |^%^ l^amily there ate Tome ftiU f emiiniing in the tuand. Then (^am- ffers^ then kklt^ wWe Son,, Robert RkL Eiq^ was A CounlbHor ii(i Kui^ ^//mi«'s Reign. Then 0aaff '^j]:t)ien P«r^. t^eat;er the Coafts vvis Davits^ Md" [Wm^ Belnutfi^ fr^^ Xeid'Sy whqfe Descendant .«j»i the late JtfJbXr^ Efe a Member oiP the Coun-' jCiiArind tben'AfiiKrv b(Wh!ch Name;therewa$ late- ^ (e«eral in BarbofU^s^ and CoK J# MUs is at this: p^t time a Mntib^r of the Co^nql^ ,^nd diief Ba< ^ of the Exchequer ^ next to C»rw!s vrzsBiid's agaio^^ peai;theShoar) ^en .4i(^^s^ ^^l^^''>«^^*S then' (Cir^*|^ Wmcotf^\B(dV$y Martyn^ Smnow^ Howard^ 'M,0^mt1iy St^y \M9rgm^ StaKinldge^L Jydes, ^n^, 'driws^ WhitaJier^ Wetks^ Thompfon^ mttM, Brtnm^ an^ .then the Jipfe ToWa ; beyoact which was BaW%f. .; Higher up. W0ije-^v*»'s, IVatt's^ andMrsPlan- tadons. the G^vernqifr had alfo a Plantation between fijc./We ahd^/ij|i&r>. Next to whjdji, was Fmer% ijti^hNoBand$ytjiien'$/mth% t|ien Fedrce% then i^^- Hrt0il7% sStti^mi^ts. l^ore W^£m Lanf beyonj .Jfh, Hale\:^yn^roh\ Sfrnt^^^ WHliit Wafce^u mtmid^ Wrigfit^ mfM, m^, m^ey's, Smdr firdj HemffigswgriL and Haid^\ plantatibn. The latter was one of tn^ Governdvirs of the Ifland, a$ wju be fliewo I^^r^fter. Then Guv% a very confi- ^e^ ibie Kam6 in BarMoes ^ then Patifj ; and witht inland. rdh\Duke% Bujhell% kndBtron*s. Nat to Parim n^kX)men% whofe Defcenjant, HW^ Fc vS ThWij^wji of Barbadoes* ]ii»Eft?^ to this Day. Then Vatrkk^ Cattr^ Z^ rence^ and Dowtman's Plantations, where now W Lambent Poiitt, ' There were no Plantations on the Windwki4 Shdar, till you con\e to Chalky Mount,' and not abov0 10 or 12 along that Coaft *, yet the Ifland was ib fopulous, that there were mnfter'd loooo gocid oot, and too« Horfe ^ and the Nunfber - of Soills^ of the Whites only, were computed to be 5odo<>^ when there; were not ^ Part as many Plantations as there arc now. For the Defence of the Country, a few flight Works were rais'd on theCoafts, wheireit was not naturally fortifyU Arid one Gap. Bitrroughi^ who pretended to m a Soldier and an Engineer, tinder* took to nDake the Fortifications, and fumifh them with fuch a Store of Artillery as (hould be fufficient to naaint^iir them, provided he might have the Ex' ci(e paid to him, tor 7 Years ^ wmch wa$ pfttmit'd by the Governour and Aflembly. Upon which- he went to Work, and made fuch a Fort, as when jibler Engineers came upon the Ifland, they found to be molt pernicious for commanding all the Harbour, and not being ftrong enough to defend it ielf *, if it had been taken by an Enemy, it would hive dJMie much Harm to the Landward. For which Reafon, in a very little time, it was pull'd down, and in its ftead. Trenches, Rampiers, f^llifadoes, Horn- works, Curtains, and Counterfcarps, were made. Three Forts were al(b built, one for a Magazine to lay their Ammunition and Powder in, nie o« ther two tp make a Retreat to upon all Oca- fions. And now A Form of Government was fettled by a Governour and ten Gcrunfelfors. The Ifland wat alfo divided into 4 Circuits, for the Admltiiftration of Juftice ^ and into i x Pariflies,* who were to fend two Reprefentatives to the Aflembly. Minifters were alio fettled, and Churches built, but very in- different ones. The Inhabitants driving a confiderable Trade with all Parts of the World, grew rich ^ and Col. Drax already began to boaft. he would not think of home, ssm'^g £^/4^,till be watf; worth ie6e» /. »* vS Tear, *t |4 ThM^hKj^ if Bttxbiioes. YiMUV ^'^>i^ ^^ ac(|uir*d9 or at leaft Tery ftCtr fhciir Hands coinfifted in White Ser^ancM^esr^ Itni i ki» OtMrMestu* The firft thejr bad Tfoni MnglM^ die i|»Midfrotti j^rka^ and the lalft firom ^e GontiQfnty • er the Neighbourinc Iflands, b^ Stfalth iar Violence^ and always wilk DiAxmoiiri f^tChiMMtu hatsng Slavery as inudi as itiij^ ktioB in j^if/ierka^ alihorr'd the EitgUJ^ for impb' ig their Yoke upoa them^ and 'twas very lew thej^ could get into their Power by their Pyrades atld in^ons. They^ had hot' fach great K^ira^bers of S^yeS) Hacks and Jln^MMr, as they have now y feW^ er Hands were required to cotdvate the Qrrottncf, ^hd too Nc^oes Wdfidd inaanage the erealiefi: Planti'» tioa in the Ifland, with %e white Sdrw^tt opbfi it. ; ' > However, the Negroes were more nniAerons than iibt MnropimtSy and Smkn early to cuter into Con- piracies againft their Matters. The firft I meet With 9»!itiyiMeinoir$ of this kind, was about ttfi^. wfien tbey were fo eialperated by their ill Uiage^ ^t Hopes of Revenge and Liberty put thofelnonghts into their vHead^ which one would have thomdit Ihcy had hot Senfe enough to he Maftersof. W^ ^im conieil^ the Planters had not yet learnt to ^o^ vara their Slaves by any other ways than|Seventy. Befides,, they Wtte all Fareignec% ahd conwqtttintly bad not die leaft J^ftbftioh for the Country, oip. dieir Maftors^ whereas now of #o dgei^i^/«//, ankl to him the 0iftbveify Wtts tiiade^ who by (tmiing Letters to all li^iK^irieiitds^ ind th«ty to theii^, gave all the Phur- t(^'rI^. -Tlifere wlahta^i6ito%d \ Hottfe on ptffbofe for them.' dtH'ti'lhejMMiiff^. Tis ^00 true^' the Etigi^ made nfe of indirlC^ Prmftftis - to get HMk v but tBeve was one yoone FetloWYQ i^d^el and lihjmttfat towards a.Vo«h!g M£^WbttaaR, that *tis a Mory Aof^l^y to be pa^ rallerd. We find it in Ligm. This mim dvi^lt o%''fh^Cbntin^t, hear the Shtiiir, wheire an BMifit Shmhitpj^eh^ to i^ot into i f thoie jare ) very well built* according to tl^e manner of' JNiUdfng in MngUmds that the Shpps and Store- > houfes ai^e well furniih'd with all Cbrts of Ck>mmo« « ^dtties : Th^^t there are many Fairs and Markets. And lafily, diat the whole Ifland, as great Qties- are, is diviijed into feveral P^riflies. The moft con/iderable Inhjibitants think themlelv^es (b wdl . fettrd, that 'tis feldom leen they ever remove itheoce. Such was th^ State of Barbadoes goYedLtsz&oy id 'tis Matter of AftoniQiment, to think what Pro- [re& this Colony faajd made in 20. Years time. The feople that , went hither from Eng^trnd^ could not 10 mean as thofe that tranfporced themfelves other Parts rof Am^ka^ becaufe to raife a mtatioi^ reqnir*d a Stock of fome thou^Midb of founds, which were not io common then, as they^ re now, tho wedpixot live in the moO: abounding Times. As Perfons went hither chiefly to raife their for- tes, and pot to enjoy the Liberty of their Coafci' cesy fo this Ifland was not fettled by Puritan.% TerO'Englandy and fome other Colonies are. The labitants were for the moft part Church of £;s^- y Men, and RoyaUilf y yet fome there were 10 were of the Party call'd Round-heads^ orPar- ^m^ntarians. However both fide$| for'many Years, r'd peaceably and amicably. *, and by an Agreement ade among themfelves, every Man who caird a- |>ther> Cavalier,, or Bound-head, was. to forfeit a l^S^m to the Peribn offended, «t \ Vol II. Thii mm i-.t I ^!^ The Hifiory of Bafbadoes. Tliis good G^rrdpondence did not laft long acficer . tli9 King's Peath^ Foi* the £U>yaUn:S) who were the nioft powerful Party, refolv'd not to own the ufurp'd Authority of rhe Rump ', and the Parliamentari- ans were of another Opinion. After the King's Friends were entirely fupprcfe'd- in England^ 'twas not likely the Barbadians could {land out againfi the new Republick. HotyeverCd. A&diford;^Co\, Walrwd^ and others, were very high, and the ma- jor Part of the lilanicl, was for proclaiming King Charles IL Yet in the Afts paft by the Affembly, which (at in the Year 1 548. we do not find that there was any thing done, that might give Offence -to the Government in England^ which was then in die Hands of the Parliament. Mr. BeH dill continued GovernoBf, and having the Lord Proprietor's Commiffion, Wanted ho new one from the Rump *, againft whom moft of the Illands in the Britijb IVe/t Indies decl&r'd, particular- ly Barhadeesy as has been hinted. King Charles I. being bel^eaded by his unnatural Subje^s ^ aifoon as >Jews came of it to this Ifle, the People proclaim'd his Son, CW/e/ II." who having received Advice, that not only this Ifland, but others, and yirgmia alki, remain'd in their Obedience, his ^ Miniftcrsconceiv'd vain Hopes, that Men might be rais'd even in jimericay to h^lp him againft die Re- bels in England ^ whereas our Colonies were all then in their Infancy, and JVlen could ill be fpar'd from their Labour, to dc&nd their Works againft an Ene* my. However the IjotdiWilloughhyoiParham was de- clared Governour of BarbadeeSy by the King in Holland \ and accordingly he went thither. But the Planters who were in th«r Intereft of the Parlia- ment, as Col. Meyncy and others, remov*d to Eng- landy being apprehenfiveof the Refentmentoftheir Enemies. fiecaufe the Government of this IHe was above 30 Years in this Lord and his Brother's Pofleflion, it will not be amifs to fay iomethingof him *, He was j one of the firft who rais'd Forces againft King Charles I. nutwithftanding his Majefty lent him pofitive Orders to the contrary, and generally a^ed in the • Eaftern ire the ifurp'd entari- , *twas aaainft the ma- g King ffemWy, lat riietc :e to tke V in ^^ \ having id ho new ft of the aitticulai- unnaWtal islfle, the iho having butotherst licnce, his might be inftSeR*' jre all then fpat'dfrom ift an Ene* Eaftern aiTociaied Counties, m Conlotiaipn with this Earl of Mancht^w «nfl OUiJtir Cfomtftl : But when the latter, by jm Courage and Intr^oes, had got the ftart of bo(l| of them, and the Seaariani^ai^ heepLn to prevail in Parlianieiit, the Lord WHb^ghht Who was a Presbyterian, (ided with thofeofhisoftn Profeflion, that were Malecontents, oppos'd the Army; and being one of thcfe Peers who was ae- cus'^ot Treafon by theni, he fled to Holland^ where he embrac'd the King'slntereft. The Earl of Carlijle had alfo granted a Commiffio& Francis lothis Lord, to be Qosttnovxv oi B^htuioes. Andf^^Wil- upon his Arrival, Mr. Bdh was fuperfedcd. White ^"ghby he was here he undertook an Etpedition againft the"*^*^^"' ICing^s Enemies in the L/ewea-d Iflands *, which being ^U reduced, the King appointed Major Gtneru Pmh^x:^ another Presbyterian De(erter, to be Cover* noiirojfthem. He futnmon'd an Aflembly, and they pad an A£^t entitl'dy >lf Aahfunoitdgmmt and Deelaration of the fiihalnfaHts of $hf J/land^f Barbadoes, of his Mc^eftys mhf J9 fhf Jhmijmhf this I/land \ and the Rtghtof the Eighf i^fa>W^M[f /ijyg BaH of Carlifle, derived firfim,l^faUAil^my and hythe Earl ofCarlifler* i, toconBrm the Inhabitants of the Ifland and the Continent, in Chcir Loyalty. . They mmmmmm ■r *Xh Hffipry of Barbadpes. They t^^ allb^ JrtbvokVt'St]^^ the Barbadians, ;fcr trading wholly with the Dutch, with whom they rwcrc about to make War •, wherefore they rcfolv*a 3to fend a, ftogt Squadron of Meri of War, and a good rjiody of LandvForces aboard, to reduce not only .BariadoeSy and' the Leward lliands^ but all the Eng^ jlHh Colonies in ./Iw'^*^^. t uThe Command of this Squadron was giyen to Sir George jiyjcue^ and alfo of the Land-Troops v and 'With them return'd Col. Meyw;^ and thote othet Barbadians who would not fuDmit to the Lord Wih tovghhy. Sir George vris order'd to cruize a little ofF 'Spain ttd Portugal^ to endeavour to intercept Prince ^^ pert\ which not being able to do, hefet Sail for BarbadoeSy and arriv'd in Carlifle Bay, the 1 6Xh. of O^ffbfr^ itfji. He found 1 4 Sail of Hollanders in •tjie Road ', and, to prevent their running a fhoai^ fent in the j4mitv Frigeat^ Capt. Peck Commander, Wjrh three other Men of War, to feize them. The C?.ptain immediately order'd the Matters of thofe Ships aboard: Which Orders they obcy'd, finding all Refiftance would be in vain. Thus he look all thofc VeflTels, and made them Prize, for trading with the Enemies of the Common-Wealth in that Ifland. Sir George alfo took 5 other Hob landers, as they were failing to the other Iflands. « The Governour made as if he would defend the Ifland to the laft Extremity ^ the Allarm was givciu and 4c o Horfe and Foot appear d in Arms, to dis- pute the Parliamentarians Landing. The Forts in Carli/le Bay defended that Harbour \ fo Sir Gcbrge ply'd up and down the I (land, feekine for a Landing-place. The Inhabitants faw him, and the Sight of fuch a Fleet, coming in a hultile manner, was far from being plealant. Th« Loail for t (5th of dcts in alhoar^ lander, ftcrs of obcy'd, fhus he ize, for Wealth er Hol- ids. end the irbour \ feekine m, and nanneri ■x'y Eftates, without hoping to be Terviccable to^tfi^ King: For 'twas now very eaiy Tor the Enem^lf6 ftatve them, if they did not atten»pt to land. * t Sir Ge0rge at laft anchored in 5jpf/^fct's Bay*, and ftay'd their t\\\ December y when the Virgipik Merchant Fleet airriving, he refolv'd to take that Opportunity, to land with the greater Advantage i for he made ay if *twas a Reinforteniient that had been fcntHim, and he had only waited for them till thert: Whereas the Truth was, he had not above 2o<5o Men ^ and the Sight of the little Army on Shore made him cautious of venturing his Men, til! he thonght tfie Inhabitant* had concciv'd a greater Idejr of his Strength than they had done before. • • V The Virginia Shyyivjtrt welkom'd as a Supply o£ Men of War V ana. he prefently ordered his Men to go afhore*, ryo Scots Servants, aboard that Fleer,' were added to a Regiment of 700 Men.' and fome Seamen to them, to make the Ndmber look^'the niore formidable. - ^^ r. The Command of them was given to the before** mentioh'd Cd. Alleyne^ who having a* tonfiderabl^ Jnterefi'm the Ifland, *twas fuppbsM he w^ould be the^ fitted Man to lead the Soldiers to gain it. The* Barbadians were pofted on the Shore very regularly,' yet on the xjthfsiihcemher the Englilh landed, ^n$ beat them up to their Forf, whi^h Was on a fudden deftrted by thfcm^ after the Lofs oF'p?, which cruiz'd up and down, to prevent any Succours ci(" .# ;, ». »>; ,.i,; •:.■ f^•'.n*Ki\ ^ 'Twas in this -Gentleman*s time that the Revoluti- ons in England came about quick, and none of the Governouis abroad were furc who were their Ma* Henry fters, la this Uncertainty, Henry Hawleyy Efqv Howlcy, procur'd a Commidion from the Earl of Carlijle^ m\ Go- the Lord Proprietary, poflTtfe'd himfelf of the Go- •v,r7.-^ur ygrnmenti and Col. Tufton making fome Oppoiiti- on, was taken Prifoner, try'd for high Trealbn, and condemn'd to be fhot to Deaths which Sentence wns put in Execution off the £|ay. Thus Nawlev became Goyerqour of this Ifland, %nd (blemniza his Inauguration with the Blood of a worthy Gtntlcman, of a very go;xi Family, being a RelatiuQ of'the Earl of Thanet. Yet we do not find, ta? • • '^ that vmicnr. w-^ that 9fter the Reiloration he wascaltdto anticr count, for fnch vigprous , Meal^res were then thought nec^flary^ to ttiike ad Awe into the People, and peaceable. Jiiftke was to eSe£l that which Arms could notdo bieibre. ; v • v v '- In his time an Ailemblywas holden, whopafs'd an Aft, for liftiitingthe jiffiMy^J Qmtmuanc^ ^ con- fining their SefQon to one Year \ the former Allem* bly having &t f^M «^itherdidhe nameaf Dcputy^Governour. but con- ^*'''*"' tenting himfelf with the Profits arifing by his Go* vernment, ftay'd in England^ leaving the Admini- llration in Barhadoes to the CouncU, and they, of Courfe, devolv'd the executive Power on their Pre- sident *, which has been ever fince obferv'd, in the i Abfence of the Governour and Deputy Governour. Twas in the Year i tf* i. that King Charles pur- chas*d the Propriety of thisIDand of the Lord Kmml^ Heir to the Earl oiCarU/le^ who was to have xopo /• a Year for it *, and now it being a Royal Propriety, there was no occafion for any Commiiiion from any one but the King himfelf. The Prefiijent of ithe Council was Humphry IValrond^ £fq*, a Gentleman who had fufier'd for his Loyalty in England ^ and Humphry his Sufferings oblig'd him to leave that Kingdom, Walrond and fettle in Barhajoes. And when he enter'd on the Efni Pre Adminiftration, an Aflembly was call'd, which paid //icM. feveral notable Laws. As an Aft, entitl'd, . J An A^ for the Encouragement of fuch as fijall plant or r,:ife Provifions tofelL An Ail for the better amending^ repairing^ and keeping clean the common ffigmays^ ana kr^rm Broad- Paths within this j(/landy leading to Qjurch and Marhts\ and for laying out newWays^ xphert itjfjoll be needful. An Aft coficerning the Conveyance of EJlatet^ An M Aft ^ the goad gcwfmtngtfSePtMn^ and w* dmhg the Right hmten Mafttrt mJ^ Seromts. An Aikfarthe Emdnragemite ef M faithful Jlifiin^ fttri m thePaft^Fol Charge iritkin thie l/ldnd \ as alpt for i^pointing and regulath^ of a eenwnient Maitm* teanee far them fer the fueure, • An Mt €ememing mnttm Jkpefitiem, pndttfd in Qmrth, and appeiming hom the E'videnee of fick and lame Terfom^ ^md ^ Ferfms imenM of (his J^andf fiali be valid and good, ^ At¥ Aft efiahUjmg the Courfs efCmnm Pleas in this ffland *, deviating aUb a Method and Manner ef Proceeding^ both to Jadg^nem and Exegnfien'^ vthkh . m^f^^beAfir^dmtkefettdCenns. ^ i^- An Aft anointing a fpeeid Court^ferthefpeeifyde-' siding Comr»tjerJie$ between Mereham and Merchant^ or Mitriner and Mariner^ or Mtrehant and Marinersi, about Freighf^ Damage^ or other maritime Caufes . They alfo confirm * the Difchar0e of his Pm, Indeed 'tis moft n*^ taral t^ Ibppow, that t P^fon who hss himfeif a» Intereft in a Country, fhoald be more concern'd fop the good Gofer nment of it, than one who looks up" on it as a temporary Dwelling, whither he has pro- cur'd himftif to be fent, t&raiM a Fortune, orpatcJfc ' up one going to decay. Mfi Walrond fign'd thefe Afti after the Arrival of the Loird MP^/^ilr^y which was about ^#^, i&4%. For the Aftabove-mention'd, eoneeming written De* pfffitimsyjkz, is faid to be l^ the Oevemeur, Cevntit^ and jijembfy'^ yet his Name is to it: Whereas iir the other Afts fign'd by him, 'tis only ftid, by thi * Prefidenty Gnmtily and jlffembly. It appears by the Aft, which fettles that ^ta| Daty of the 4 tnd half per Cent, that the Lord Wil- ' hughby ^t^by took out a new CommiiBon for Governonr^ when he embark^ for the WeH-bidUs *, w)iicE Coniniiffion was da^ the lath of jvne^ tfSi* and that h(k pak'ithtt 2th cf December, Since in the following Chaffers we fhatlhavefre* qnent Occafkm to make mention of it, 'twill not be improper to recite the Canfes which mov'd the A^ fembly to iettltf tbatlmpcft ^^r ever on the Crown. jls nothkig cMiHeth more to the Peace and, fr^t^ rity ofmjf Plaet^ afutthe ProteEHom of every fw^lerer* fim tierem^ thaiethd$ the PuHick RevMite tloere^may h4m fime Mti^fitre phfortw^d to the pnbUek Charon and Expences'x and alfo weit weighing the great Charget that f here tntyt lir tf Necep^^ mm mMntammg the Honour and Dignity of hp» M^fifs Authority here^ th» puUkh Moetinj^ of the SHjiohs^ the often Atten- dance of the Cbimmithe Repafathn of the Portt^ thn hniiding a Seffton*i Boufe^ and a Prifon^ and all othei^ pnhHek Changes hmih^nt on the Government : We dn in Qmfideration thereof gyve and gr*fn$ vnto his Mcqejfy^ hk Heks and Smcefftrs for ever^ dn% That is toCay^ upon aU dead Commodkies^ of the Growth or Protmo of this J/land, thai findl he flnpfd off the fame^ ftm and a hdf imSpeeio far every jh/e Jeore. Kow it tiie pttbtick Charges tnd Expencey Kavt beendefray'd oat of this mxf^ if the Honoar and Dignity of the Sovereign Authority there hate been ratintaia'd» if the Charges ol the meeting of th$ ^pAionSy and the often Attendanee of the Cbimcil', have been paid out oi it *, if the Foris hafe been re<* pair'dy a Seifion» Houie and t Ptifon been buik^ and all other publick Etpences, incumbent on the Government;! an(Wer*d by this Impoft, wteltReaibrt have the Rarhadians to complain ? But if on the con- trarv, not ofte of tkoft Articles were m the Icaft com- ply'd with in aUKin^ Charlei and King James'i Reign \ if the Inhabitantiftave themfelves, by other Taxes, been obliged to defi^ay all the Charges of the Go- vernment in this ifland, have they not Reafon to^ wilh the Name of WtUoughify had never been heard of there? He (bew*d he defcrv'd the Poft the King had givca him. when for his taoo/. a Year Sallary, he cot & Settlement of tooo9 L a Year on the Crown. That King King took Care it ihouU be kici out to thtf Sec* Vice of his Privy-Pwrfe- by afilgpirig Penlions oat ol it to his Favouritesy and other$. ; ^ , .1 ^,0"? Thus was all the 4 ^per Centr^^om^ loft to the , Barbadians, and th^ Lord I^»ai(9lw9S,^h!Si only Pei?^n, who had.any Intereft in the Iflmdy . that got any Be-^ ^nefit by it v ipr his 1900 /. a.Y«ar was fettled tp 1^ paid out of the Monies ariflng by this Duty. f. ifuVJ \ The Lord WiffaH^hlois Family^ip^^ing over with i\n^y^ewyWfUpughbyjECqyyfho>vv2sh\sSonj ^Or ^'^h or NepheWy fettled . on , t|^^' 'Jflanjd v and Iiis .^lanca^ion to this Day goes by t|ve'^a|u,6'of )^«i^iih ^/s Plantation. •. ■ . ■ .,• v\ai -iW .■ .^.. ••"•*. Wc-. . My Lord Willou^y undertdok an Expedition a* gaihlt i^t i^ganiJhWefi^hidiesy a$ ^foine; report ^ but ^ere being then no Wars betv^Qeit-thejb»^/i> asd. Spiamardsy we rati^er (uppole it n^ight be agaioft thd^ jQuthh Plantations, King Charles ^y ing declared Waf^ ,i^ith the States.. , Be, it either on ,^ private or publick^ Account, he iair^vtowards the Goiiitinent, and ;aiipr Hrnry pointed Henry WiUpugitbyy Etq* hUmy Hatpityy Eiqi. Wiiiough-and Samuel BermL Efe to be Gftvernours in his ^'.^5 Abience. v , ^^ , . :> ^ v^ V nt ury jj^^^ ^^^ ^^^ jfoint-Govcmottw^ appears by an. Aft, For the better afcertaming thfLafp*Jf:tbis J/^aftdy pafs'd by them\ ,T%e prefent GweniautS fubjcribing f heif Names to this j0y Jball be de^m!dy Ac , ^. ,, - r By . y irtue of thi^ Aa, PhiU^ Belly £fq-, Confiant- vemours, Sl(v^^r» £(q^ Soiert Hooper^ ^(q:^ Simm Lambert iniBtchaird Evofffy £(qs*, and Mn^Mdjpard ffofpdettii Secre^ry of the Ifla^d, wer? appoint^ -Comititfli-^ oners to colleft what Laws ihould be tp Force thGtif% and inpurfuanceof their Conuniilioik) they coUefkr • cd theiollowing Afts from the Bpqks of vthe 06Sce^ 9nd other fuch Books, the Origii)^RoU9 being Joft in the Hurricane or Fire \ An i^^tff/r Officers putting in Security ^ An A^ appointing Security to bt given i^ t%e Clerhsj Sec. ofthefeveral Courts v^thi»,thif Jjland \ td Aft giving Power to Church-Warderis to make, $49. Landsy Second concerning Surpliu of Lie^withUn i Bounds, &c. An Aft for the Tranfcrtption ^dfaf^ , heping of Records 'j An Aft concernin^Trefpafs done m Hogs J An Aft declaring what proofs to Bondsy BiUs^[ frocvrations^ Letters of Attorney^ or drher Writings. ifiU /" ' " . " M Hawley, £fq\ and Samuel Berwick, Wfr^ Go ThWfim^f Bafljadocs. fia^ he fu^imin Law y An Aft cotKtrnmg Vtjtries ^ ^ Aft; to order the Puklication and Execvtim of th$ 'JBs eoficemitt^ the^ Vmfarmity tf'Common Prayer \ An Aft coucerhing Morning and Evening Prayer in Fa- miiieh They CQnfirm'd the Afts in Mr. Searl*s a;i4 Mr, WalronitsTiinef it l^ft all that we have men- tion'd to he pafs'cl then *, as alio. An h(kto wevent the Prejudice that may happen to this Ifland^ by loofe and vacant PerfanSj. in mid about the fame ^ An Aft for the difpofing of jeveral Fines* that are imposed upoi$ fnieral Perfons for feverdl Mifdemeanours done within thkfjiand ^ An Aft for regulating and ifpointing thf Fe^ of the feverd Offcers and Courts of this Jjhmd\ An Aft for the KeU^. offuch Pirfons at lie in Prifnu and othepy who have not wherewith to pay their Cred^ tors: An Addition to an Aft) erititl«d, uinMi for fettling the Elates and Titles of the Inhabitants of thii I/land to their PoffejUons intheir feverd Plantations with' m the fame y An Aft concerning the Sale of Lands by Attorneys^ Executors and Adminiftrators\ An h^ for the Preventions of Firing if Sugar Canes. ■ Thefel^ws are very well abridged in the G)tlefti(Ui of the Plantation Laws, to which we often have re- ferr'd the Reader, and may be feen at large in Mr. Rawlins*s Colleftion. The Commiiiioners above-nam'd made the follow* ing Retarn to their Commiifion. *• We, the Committee appointed for the compiling * of the Laws, having caus'd them to becoUefted and ^ tranfcrib'd, as appears by a Writing under oac ^ Hands, exprefs'd in the Page, the firft Line entred ( in this Book, and are therein exprefs'd, and be com- ^ prehended in one hundred fifty three Sheets of Pa-l ' per \ which being nowfeirly engrofs'd in this Book, »» may De right- * ly underftood, m regard that relateth to th« one * hundred fifty tnree Sheets of Paper, wherein the *'Laws were firft digefted, we have thought good ' here t6 infert this prefent Explanation. Given un- ^ der our Hands the i4.th of Nov. 1 667, Philip Bea. Conjlant Silvefier, Tis Tfa V^ory df Barbadoes. \ *Tis weU for the Inhabitants of SarbadoeSy tib^t tilofe Laws are more in^llieible than this Return ^ ^ we fear the Reader #ill find it ibmewhat ohfaie as well as the Hiftoriaii. * - x* TIus Colleftion of Laws was by an Aft of Ai!em- bly ordain'd and eftablifli'd to be in fiill and ablb- lute Force and Virtse, and were duly publifli'd in all the ipariftes of the lAand, a^d retum'd to tht Cterk ot the Af&mMy. They were Jilfo fent to Eng- imd (br his Majefty's Approbation, and were fully A^rov'd and confirtn'd by th^ King to be of rail Force and Autfaorit}^ as the Standing Lam of Barb^- does, noitt of which have been (incerepeard. Wj^ foeak ol^iuoift whofc Titles are incerted in this HI- Fraucit hoi WHkatghfy^ wai caff away^ and pt- tifli'd in the £ipeditton we have mention*^ in t^s foiregotiig pages; Upon which Kinji 0[;. 1^67. and twas by the Aflemblv loughby, fummon'd on his Arrival, that the Laws the Commit Gevtfrmr fjo^efs coUefted were confirm'd. There's one thing very remarkable in tkcir Addrels to the Governour, Council, and Ailembly, dated the jsth df Julyy 1667* wherein, after they h^li ie- clafd that their Laws are the onlvLaws ^njll^piltts whidi they found either originalfv made M^^^ikt cd, or revived, coUe^ed, amenckd, ai^ i^okivk^ &e, they fay^ There are two Afts only exceptedy wherein they could not determine, which of Ihem was valid, they both importing Cuflomd on all the; Commodities of thit Ifland, hence exported, butonW one of them could be in Force. The lirft of which Afts, fay they, is entitled, An A^ importing th' Q<- fioms^ &c. dated the 17th Day of January^ one thou: , (and fix hundred and fifty, which was made and ena^d by Grovernour, Co'incil, and the Repreiem tatives of this Ifland, lawfully impower'd by Com-' miflion from the Earl of CtrU/le^ thereto unp"wet'd by Letters Pattent from the King 1 and tha i A A we cannot fay is repeal'd, by Reafon that the other A£l, dated the 12th of September^ in the Year one thou- fand, ThWfiory af Birbadoes. fend, fixhandred, Twty and thrce^ importing iibirC»- fiom of f9tir and a half per Cent, and immM to repeal the former j0, U not fret firm QhjeSums and Exceptions of fever al Pftfinfy Vfh conceive the jiffeffh kiy^ which cmfented te thefaid lafi ji^y was an Jfftm- Uy nH le^aHf amtim^d at tl|«tiiue of die naakifig the feidAa-. Thi« Addr^fs or Declaration was Hgn'd by all tlie ieven Goitimiilioners before-mention'd. wmia w^^ the moft confiderable Gentlemen of the Jflaiidy fo( WUdom and Wealth. Men, whom their Goontry had fuch an Qptfiion of, that ^ley thought fit tx> entruft them with their Laws *, and we fee they de^ clar*d the four and a half ^er Cent, Aft was not fr^ti from ObjefHotts and ExcepttoWy 8cc» If fo, the Oen* tlemen of Barhadoes have paid 300000/, out of Complacency \ for thoie ObjeftioRS and EtcepCioQ^^, haye not be«n made ufe of to excufe them of this Dutw. Tm Harricane mentioti'd to have been the Ocfi^ Son of the Lofs of ibmc pablick RoUs^ happened thet fame Year that the Bridge Town was burnt, and that Fire deprived us of (everal Records, which would have been ufeful to us in fettling the Chronology of tills liland. We ihall hereafter be more certain. The Ha^ ricane was far from being fo terrible as to deferve.. &ch publick Notice y and if it deftroy'd the Rolls, it mnft be mare through the Fear or Negligence ' of the Keeper, than through the Fury of the Storm; About the time of Wmiam\jaxaWinoughWs co- ming to Barhadeesy SitTohiat Bridge arriv'd there with a Regiment of Soldiers, f^r an Addition of Strength to the Ifland. The Aflembly provided Ac- commodations for both Officers and Soldiers, as ap- pears by feverai Afts now expir'd \ and we make mention of none but fuch as are now in Force. The Aflembly alfo impower*d the Governour of the lil^nd. for the time being, to appoint a Provofl Marfhal there, and pafs'd an Aft, oirefting how the Qerks and Marfhals fur the feverai Courts of Com- mon-Pleas, within this Ifland, (hall be appointed, and what they ihall receive ^ as alfo, j4n Ait concern- ing tht Commiffwn of the Judges and their Jif- 0mu W« %i J 2 The Hiftary of Bsivb2idOtS. \ We are now at a Loft how to reconcile the Stile of the Afts of this Aflembly with the Hiftory > for. in all of t|iem before the loth of Marchy 1667* 'tis exprefs'd, Be it ordained and enaEledy by his Excellence William Lord Willoughby 0/ Parham, &c, and fucn ' Afts are fign*d William WiUoughhy : \Vhereas from the 1 oth of March aforefaid, to the November following, 'tis only faid in the A£^s that pafs'd. Be it enaSFed and Ordain a by the Deputy Govermur^ Council and jijfem' William bly \ yet thofe Afts are fign'd William Willoughby. By Willough. which it appears thete then was a Deputy Governour by, m'-» of the fame Name with my Lord ^ for no Governour feputyGo'^Q^l^ fign the Aft; when his Deputy's Name was in vernm. the Still of it. | *^ We take this William WUloughby to be fome Rela^ tion of my Lord's, whom he left Deputy Governour in his Abfence. which was probably in a Voyage to the Charibbee-lu2Lnds, of which he was alfo GovernourJ The feveral Afts fign'd by the Deputy Governour Wtlloughby^ are as follow : An A£l to prevent forcible and clandefiine Entries into any Lands or Tenements within this J/land ^ An Aft for reducing the Inter ejt to ten Pounds for one hundred in a Tear ^ An Aft for preventing the felling of Brandy and Rum in tiding Houfesy near the Broad Paths and High-voays within this Jjland *, An Aft declaring the Negro Slaves of thisjfland to be real Efiate ^ An h&for repealing a formerji^^ efkth bltfhitig Market-Days, The next Aft that pafs'd, was William ^^ ^** Excellency, William Lord Willoughby of Parham^ lord VVi'l ^^' entitled, jin -^fpr regulating and appointing th§ lough by, ^^^^ Imildiflg their Hquies^ that there was no likelihood of their having a Crop the next Vear. At the fiune time they fufier'd alio by Want \ for the Supplies of ProviOons that usVi |o be icnt from Hero England^ were in a great meafureftop'd *, that Colony labour- ing under tWoiifryece JudEmenti, Peftilence and War) iniomuch 'twas rear'd the Indians would o- ver-run them : Which however did not come 14 pafsj as we have ffiewQ eliewhere. The Leward People made very little Sugars for two Years *9 and the DiftrefTesof the Planters were fnclu that 'twas thought, if ever the 4 and an faaW per Cm. would be ^ken off, 'twoakl be then. But there Was no fuch good News lor the Barhauians. King Charlts had his NeoejfCties for Money, as well as ma Sub)e£by tho perhaps not Ibr as $uftiBabie OccaHons. The 4 and an half ptr Om, was a good Ftnd lor 1 ooooo L And who could expeft fuch ii Gift, at a time whenevon the Exchequer was under the Scandal of Bankrupts? We*do not find the Aflltmbly pafs*d any A£^ to re- lieve ,the SufieMn in the late Hurricane, nor any thing tending thereto, uiilefsit was, An h(kfor AL- hmmct of a fecond frte Entry ffr the dtad PreduBim rf thisJ/Umd^ UJt or tsken^ relating to the 4 and an half per Cent. For the Commiilioners of the Cnltom- houfe would not allow the Planter, if he had paid the Duty of loooo Pound Weight of Sugar, and twas lolt in the Harbour, to (hip otf a like Quanti- ty, by virtue of the firft Entry, as now he was al- }of dtodobytbisAa. f Pt Jh^ j^ The Hi/iory e?/" Barbadoes. V The Houfes beina Icveird with the Ground % th^ Harricane, the beft Planters in the Ifland liv'd in Hutts *, and when they built again, were afraid to tun up their Houfes to any Height for a long time. The Terror of this Tempeft ftuck fo upon the Inha- bimnts, that few Perfons car'd to meddle with E- ftatesy tho they had Money to buythem, feeing to what Accidents they were expos 'd. Iaj4prily 1676, we fee by the Statutes of Barhd' does^ that the Quakers were very induftrious, in their Endeavours to convert the Negroes. Upon which Occafion an Aft paft to prevent it, with a whimfical Preamble-, H^^rf 4^ of late memy Nigro9S have been juffer'd to remain at the Meeting of Qm- iters J at Hearers of their DoEbrine^ and taught mt^ir JPrinciplesy whereoy the Safety of this Ifiand ntay bi muchhasLordedy &c. In this Aft Care was taken to bring in a Claufe %«• l^ainft any Diffenters keeping Schools : For, accor- . ding to i^itHVimoMiViTi England^ the Governoursof this Colony,, as well as others, have been always careful to aft. , At this time there was a wicked Praftice in the Wefi Indies^ of which the Englifh are accus'd^ and that was their ftealing and enflavine Indians, which they took on the Continent^ or the fflands. And one Col. Warner being charged with this unlawful Traf- fick, i^ it deferves that Name^ was made a Priibner in hnglandy and fent aboard the Phmiix Frigat to " Barbadoes^ to take his Trial there ) but he found fo many Friends^ that he cumtcff. There was another unfair way of dealing in this Ifland, much coniplain'd of : Some Merchants knowing the Neceflity of the Inhabiunts, iis*d, by . Forgery, and other Deceits, to engrofs Beef, Pork, ' Fiwi, and Salt, into their PoffeiTions •, and the Plan- ters not being able to live without Provifions, were forced to buy them of them at their own exorbitant Prices. This Grievance became To prcat at laft, that the Governour, Council, and AiTtmhly, pail an Aft to I redrefs it, and f>revem the Inconveniences upon the inhabitants of this Jjland^ l^ for^a^rs^ Jngreffew^ 0nd jHe^rators, I 'i^ ■ Da The tBflory of Barbadoes. ^ Oft the (ame Day, the apth of Novemberm i>^^riVf the Ifland of Barhadoes \ and a Seflion of the Barbadoe^ [Peace, oi Oyer iwiTermimr^ was holden before him ^ the ad of that Month. The Grand Jury drew up an Addrels, of the fame jStanap with the former i whichf to ufe their own ,Wprdi» •f -• 4« The Ktfiofy of Barbadocs ' WorJs, was prefented ky their mhlt and high dejir^ vifig Govemmtr, In it the Gentlemen were pleased to rejoice in King Charles the Second's known Piety, and in the Loyalty and , Priidence of their Retigiotu Govemow% who h2idfiifledand difemmtenanc'd FaSiien and Fana^ tieifm in the very Embryo, They tell the King, * Their Mind had been infinitely ruffl'd and Dalby -« ences they have been, and are liable to, is that of Thomas •^the bcforc-mention*d Co\.Wdrond-^ who upon a^'-M*!-^* ;* bare Stiggeftion againft him, made '>y a Man fairly *^ * try'd before a Court of Oyer and Terminer \ where- ^ in he was but one, tho the firft in Commiflion, *that was commanded from Barbadoes hither Cto ^ England) where he has been detained above three ' Years. And at laft u.ion a full Trial at an Aflizes * in the Country^ where his Adveriary was power- * ful, and himfelfutterly a Stranger, there was given *" againft him but ^o/. Damage \ and that for no o- *ther Reafon, but that the C!x>urt- Judge was pleas'd * to over-rule this Plea : "Whereby fuch a Dilorder, ^Ruin, and Diftraaion of his Wife^ Children, ^ Family, Plantation and Eftate, has happened to * him, that as the Calamity is not to be exprefi'd, ' and for fome RefpeAs is not fit to be related ^ fo it -*• could never have oeen fupported by any Man, but * one of an extraordinary Fortitude and Underftan- ^ ding *, which he has demonflrated, by his con- * ftant Endeavours under his unjuft Opprei^Sons, to * ferve the publick Intereft of thofe Colonies, and * rightly to repreient their fad Condition at Court • * especially that of Barbadoes^ who was fo kind and * Juft to him at his coming thence, as by the Repre- * fentative Body of that Ifland, together with his *Majefty's Govemour and Council, tomakeaPre- ' fent to him of five Hundred Pounds Sterling, in * Acknowledgment of his ^ood Service hehaddone^ t ths^t Country, togetiier with a publick Declaration *of i|4 5^ Wtfiwrydf Barfi^doeft * x?f his juft Proceedings in that Court of (^€r and ' Terminer \ and efpecially in this Caie lie vras • brought over upon. !^ And this t mud %ther obTerve to the Rea,der ; •That it was not the'leaft Crime pf State was lb •much as alledg'd againfl: hinii Cot hanilbing hin^ ^ 'from Barhadoes into £;ig/^»^ V but ilieeny private ' Malice, fiipported by the partial Tyranny of fome •great Men, ocafion'd all his Suireriiifi'& * This Gentleman was the Son of Col. JFHumfhiyy Walrondy once Governour of the Ifland ; a Gen^ man whofe Loyalty had baniih'd him nis Native Country. ' ,; Twas in this Year i tf«y. that the new Duty was laid upon Sugar, which has almoft ruin'd this*Colo- «y : mt it being in King James\ K^igUy 'tis neccP lary we fliould take notice of the X^th of King tharlasy and his B[rother's Succefiion. ; * When Sir Rtchard Dutton receiv'd Advice from the Privy Council in England of Rina Charliis^ Death, he immediately fummpn'd the Members of . . the council to meet the Day following *, and upon the 23d, vyhich was St, Geary's Day, King Jonas was prodaim'd with great Solehiriisty and Order, in the manner' fbllov^ng : Firft the OHncers of two Eeglmefits of Foof| .marching from Fo^tabell to tjhe Town o{ St. jytvcitaely or the Bridge* Next ^e. Of- ^cersof two Sfginftents of Horfe ^ nexf the Tufticas of ftki Peaeej ihe Reverend the Clergy ; the Lsiw- vers In their G'qWns*, the MaftersandRegifter^df Chancer)/ in their Gowns ^ the JCing^s Council at Liw in their Gowris*, the Judges in their Gowns: Next the Honpurable the Council of Barhadoes, Aftef which marched feVeral Trttmpei;s ibunding^ the Malrflials of the {^veral Courts, and their tkpip' ties^ and the Proyoft Matflbal General with hli Men^ nfxt the Governour, attended by theKin^^^ Life Guard of Hbrfe, His Majefty's RegimenJ jRc^ al of Foot Guards wa5 drawn up in SuMUhael^ Town, to receive the Governour, and perform theif Duty in the more f6lemn proclaiming his-MajeSyi Vvhich being dbae in the Place caU'd Cheaf^de^ the Governour march'd from thence to James Ftrt» . > wl^ere the Guns in tlutFort. andatthefamf ttm^ ns-.li ^ • • -^ . : ■■'•■- - '■^-'■^^ tSpfir TIn Hifiory of Barbadoes. 4^ thofe in all other Forts, Platforms, Lines and Batte- ries, were iir'd three times, with great Shouts*, the like being do^e by the Diamond Man of War, and til the Merchants Ships in the Bay. . But this Pomp and Parade was of no Service to the liJanders, in obtaining Relief in the heavy Duties now laid upon them *, for the Duke of Aiomiouth landing, rais*d a War that was thought more dange- rous than it prov*d to be. Jh^Conrt laid holdof that Opportunity to get vaft Sums of Money gran- ted to tne Crown*, and among other Taxes they got the additipnal Duties on Tobacco and Sugar. The Caie of the Planters, as ftated by Judge Little- tm^ with reference to the Taxes on Sugar, w^s ' this;* * Upon the coming of King Jams to the Crown, Onm of the Parliament being called, they were preparing ****'<»»*? a Complaint againft the Comminionersof theCu-*'^* ftoms» who had taken a Liberty of late, to their grievous Prejudice, to call t}>atip/y>rtf Sugar, which n had never been accounted fuch before \ and whate- ver they pleas'd to ciXXWh^fSj muft pay the Duty of 5 Shillings the Hundred. But they were foon oblig'd to lay afide the(e Thoughts, to provide a- gainft a new Storm that threaten'd : For they were told, to their great Aftonifliment, that a ProjeA was fet on foot, to lay more Load upon us ; no lels'than 2/. and 4^. a Hundred more upon Mufcovado Sugar ^ and feven Shillings upon Sugars fit for life ', for that was now the Word. They feVr . this tended plainly to thd^ Deftrufkion*, but the thing was driven on furioufly by fome Empfons and Limeys about the late King, who did not care how many People they deftrojra^ fo they might get Favour and Preferment thcmfelves. Since they were put into the Herd of Foreigners, and paid Duties with them, they hop'd they ftiould fare no worfe than other Foreigners did. But that the Plantations fliould be fin^fled out as the hunted Deer^ and the Burden upon their Commodities flioul^ be doubled, and aimoft trebled, when all others was untoach'd, was Matter of Amazement and Cohftcrnation. They humbly mov'd, that if * the whole Tax muft be laid upon Trade, it might ^. The hSfiory of Barba(!o€s7 f be laid upon all Commodities alike; Theyfiid^ .^th^t a fmall Advance upon all the Cnftoms roi^t ^ferve every Purpofe, as well ^as a great one upon *■ fome 1 and that this might be born wich (bme E^ie, ' there oeing (b many Shoulders to bear it. But they f would hearken to nothing of that kind, being re- ^(blv'dand fix'd to lay the whole Bprden upon the * Plantations. The Projectors flood ftoutly to it in ' the Parliament Houfe, that the new Tax upon Su- * sars would not burden them ; but this was efteem'd * mch barbarous Nonfenfe, that there was little Fear ' of their prevailing, had not King Jamts been fo ' ftrangely earneft for this Tax, which yet that Par- ^ liament, who then deny*d him nothing, had never * granted, but that fOme Privy-Counfellors afTur'd ' them in the King's Name,* and by his Order, that * if the Duty proved grievous to the Plantations, it * ihould be taken off. So the Aft pafi*d, and the * Plantations were ruin'd. The Planters made their * humble Application feveral times to the late King, ^and laid their Diftreffes before him, but he was ' not pleas'd to take off their Burthens, or any part * of them, nor to give them the leaft Eafe or Miti- * gation. One time they were referr'd to the Com- * miflioners of the Cuftom \ among whord, to their ' Comfort, they found their Friends the Projeftors. * Another time they were told by a grcfat Minifter * of State, (who was a principal Projeftor alfo, and * who was to give them their Anfwer) Ihat it wdi ^ very indecent^ not to fay imdutiful^ to tax the King with * hie Promife\ when as they nad only faid in their ^ fubmiilive Petition, That they had been encouraged to * addrefs to hie Mt^efty by the gracious Exprejfuns he * had been pleas'd to ttfe in Parliament concerning his * Plantations. This Tax laded many Years^ and the Wars coming on, when the State had Occauon for all' the Money that could be raifed, the Planters could not hope to be reliev'd *, for tho the Duty is not now the (ame, *cis as high, and they are very ill able to pay it. * Governour Dutton'wsiS a zealous Friend to the Jifrican Company, us'd always to fit in Court to )udgtt of the Forfeitures^ the Company's Agents were the Informers, and aflbon as Sentence was given, diey divided the Spoil. Mr, Wki I0(^ of BaLtbaiddCs. '47 Mt,EdmnStedey who was but Dq)uty Secretary, Edwyn becaufelie was one of the Royal Company's Agent^ Stede*^ was left Deputy Governour by him j and the fame ^5 ^^ Sftde had afterwards % CommUiion to be Lieutenant'*"** ^^ Governour from Etig^atui. The Aflfembly prefented**^*^' him with xooo /. and confirmed the Leafe of Fmo' Irrtftohim. , It now became a Cuftom for the Country to make the Governour Prefents *, which, with their Sallary from the Crown, Perquifites, Fees, and Admi- niftrations, made the Place worth 4 or 5000 /.a Year. In the Year 1^87. the Duke ofjilbemarle put into Sarbadoesy as he was going to Jamaica'^' the Lieu- tenant Governour received him with great Honours, the Life-Guard of Horfe waiting upon him at his Landing, and' condu£ling him to ra0flpr»T, X690, there was an Earthquake at Bdr- hadoes^mt it did no manner of hurt to Men or Cattle. Two very great Comets appear'd in thofe Parts of the World \ and in an Hour and a Quarter's time, the Sea ebb'd and fiow'd, at an unuiual Degree, three times. Mr. Stede^ the late Lieutenant Governour, re- mov'd to England^ and fettled in Kent^ where bif Family have long hud a Seat at Stodo-hilL Col. Kendal^ on his Arrival at Barbadoti^ contri- buted his utmoft Endeavours towards carrying on the Lcward Expedition with great Application and $uccefs.Several Gentlemen oiBarbadoes went upon ir. and The tTtftofy of Barbadoes. and in a Fortnight's time the Fleet was difpatch'd at the Bridge, and fail'd to NeviSy as will be mention'd elfewhere. The new Governour having fummonM an AiTem- bly, they pafs'd an A£t to encourage Artificers md o* thers to take Apprentices^ which he fign'd the xft of OiiobeTy x69Cf» At which t\mt George Paine^ Efqj was Clerk of the Aflembly, and Mr. John Whetfiont Deputy Secretary \ it being caftomary for thofe two Officers to lign all Bills in Barhadoes^ as well as the Governour. In November^ an Aft pafs'd for the better afcer* taininghow the Bonds forfeited for carrying Perfons off this Ifland without a Ttckety Jhall he empl^d \ which the Governour fign'd the 1 7th of December ^ as alfo a Bill to efiabli/h and afcertain theBuJhel Weighty by which all forts of Corn, Pulfe^ or other the Produce of this Ijiandy Jhall be bought and fold. At this time. Freight of Sugars ran fo high, and Mailers of Ships wereTo exorbitant in their Demands, that the Government of Barbadoes was forc'd to in- termeddle in the Matter, and an Aft pafs'd for regw latingtht exorbitant Rates demanded and receiv'd by Mafters of Ships and others^ for Freight of Sugars^ &c. for Europe. By which no Commander of a Ship was to have more than 6 s, ^ d. di Hundred Freight for Mufcovado Sugary 7 s. 6d. iot Whites \ jj. a Hundred for Scalded *, 5 i. a Hundred for fcrap'd Ginger ^ and 2 ^. a Pound for Cotton \ whereas tho Prices were double before : But the Inhabitants found fo many Inconveniences in this Aft, that the AlTem- bly either repealed or fufpended it. Indeed the Own- ers and Mafters threatned they would not fend Ships, nor go to BarbadovSy till Freight was left free in its Price. Sugars now fold well in England^ and that was a great Relief to the Planters, under the Hard- fliips of heavy Duties and high Freights. Sir Timothy Thomhili continu'd with his Barbadianf in the Leward Iflands, and he and they fignaliz'd themfelvcsat the taking of St, Chri/tophers^ and iti ieveral other Enterprizes. In Jamtary this Year a Fleet of ftout Ships arriv'd from ZfTM^j, and 6 of them were immediately ta- koi op, by Order of the Governour and Council, E a aiU 5» .S^^" 5a The Hift fry of B2Lrh2LdotS4 4nd fent as Men of War to reinforce Rear Admiral Wright, Thefe Ships were commanded by Capt. Daniel^ Capt. Leechy Capt. Champney^ Capt. Harding^ Capt. Aian-i and Cajpr. Willey^ and lail'd from Bar badoes the nth" or February;^ who Capt. Carter wasj ordef'd with a Packet (or England^ to give the Minifters an Account of the Proceedings here. King William having been gracioufly pleas'd to or- der Col. Kendal to pifocure the Liberty of fuch Men as were in Servitude in Barhadoesy for their Rebellion under the Duke of Mmntouth *, the Governour got an AOl pafs'd Nemine contradiceme, the 1 7th of Marchj 1 y his Majefiy's moft f acred Order or Permit^ have been or fijall be tranfported from his European Dominions to this Place. In Augvfiy i6fii. the Governour pafs'd another Aft far pt ohibitif/g the jeveral Clerks of the- Courts of Common Flea^ within this J/land^ to pr aEi if e as Attorneys in the Courts where they are Clerks. The Aflembly, the fame Year, taking into their Confideration how neccflary it was that they fliould have Agents dtLondon^ to take Care of their Aflairs, and follicit for them at the Court, and elfewhere, as Occafjon requir'd*, they chote Edward Littletoti^ Efq^ atid William Bridges, Eiq*, to be their Agentf^ andallow'd them a Sallary of 2 jo /. a Year each. That they did very prudently in this, is not to be que- ftion'd *, and had they done as honourably as they did wifely, their Wildoin would probably have fiic- cccdcd better. 'lis no News to the Inhabitants of Barbadoesy that Mr. John Cira.ur bcfore-meiition'd,,had been thtir confiant and indefatigable, Sollicitor for many Years •, thfit 'twas, in a great meafure, to him they ow'd the F.afe they found in the African Trade after the R»ivolation ^ he having [o fully prov'd the Oppref- iijris of the Royal Company at that time, in Parlia- ment and cUewhere, that the Interlopers were no longer afraid of being feiz'd and coudemn'd \ and the Company no nioie made uie of that Part of their Pi tr-'galvc. This nan. ^' Th Hifiory of Barbadoes. This was a Piece of Service, which then thsy thought fo confiderable, that, befides the frequent Thanks that was fent him from Barbadoes by his owij Corrcfpcndents, he had the fame Acknowledgments paid him by fuch as he had no Commerce with *, y^t when it was put to the Vote, whether he fhould be one of the Agents of this Ifland, it was carry'd in the Negative, notwithftanding he had by his A- fcncy done more for them, without that Title, than las been done fincc by thofe who have had it : For as the Ruin of the Monopoly Proje£l, antj. the o- pening the African Trade was ( let it be faid by a Relation of his, without Vanity or Partiality) more owing to his Contrivance and Jndijftry, than, any other Perfon or Per(ons whatfoever*, ifiheldand of Barbadoes has receiv'd two fuch Obligations from their Agents, in 1 7 Years, I am a Stranger to its Concerns, which however none will pretend. This is laid without any other Defion, but to pay Homage t(i Truth*, and by the fair Reprefentation I have made of all their Grievances and PrefTures, the Gen- tlemen of Barbadoes will fee, that no ill Ufage ha$ been able to provoke me to facrifice my Sincerity to my Refentment. Tis below the Dignity of Hiftory to record pri- vate Matters \ and this Digreffion is not perhaps of fo private a Nature as may at firft View fce ima- ginU Thofe Sages at Barbadoes'^ who, to the Prejudice of the Author, declar'd it to be their unalterable Opinion, that Bufinefs and Books, Trade and Let' ters were incompatible, may fce, that he was not capable of injuring them •, and whatever he knew as a Merchant, he knows his Duty too well as an Hifto- rian, to let Paflion prevail againft Juftice. Thefft Agents have been continu'd ever fince, and this Sallary paid, but with all due Refpeft to the Wifdom of Senators, 'tis to be doubted, whether x\iQ I jooo /. thit has been paid them, would not have been as well laid out on the Ufes the four and a half per Cent, yas given tor. No prudent Man can think, that a Gentleman, who is not bred up in the Eufinefs, and has no Intereft in the Ifland, can be fit to make AEcnt J nor even a Merchant, who has many E i Com: ?j j'l I •1' an 54 7%e W/hry of BsLvhsidoti Commifiions V For there is no kind of Aflkirstliat makes a Man fo bary,and keeps him in fuch continual Hurries, as Fa^Voraee. Tis, without doubt, proper the Agent ftiould fuJy underftand the true Intereft of Barbadoes, that he (hould have full Leifure to carry on his Aeency, be a Man of Senfe and Ho- nour, and one that needs not make ufe of a borrow*d Pen to fet forth its Grievances, and petition for Redrefs. I had put thefe few Reflections in the Chapter of Trade^ but that as much as I have feeni*d todigrefs, they come in more naturally here. The Aft for eftablilhing the firft Agents was' to • expire in two Years *, but others of the lame Nature have been pafs'd, and 'tis probable will pais, till the Barbadians have no Caule of Complaints, or have Priends that will make them for nothing. The opening of the Trade to jifrica was not foon accompUih*d, but at laft i oper Cent, was given to the Ecyal Company towards maintainiivg their Forts, &c. The honourable John Farmer^ Elqi who was after- wards Prefident, wrote thus to his Correfpondent on this Head, after a fad Reprelentation of the then State of Barbadoes : ' I hope yours, and other our 5 Friends Endeavours againft the Royal Company^ have ; met with the defir'd Effeft, which will be a fove- * reign Cordial to reviv*' our drooping Spirits, * &c. The People of England had form'd great Expecta- tions, as well as the Barbadians^ of tl^e Leward Ex- pedition *, but the Gentlemen of Barbadoes foon faw thofe Expeftations would come to nothing *, for not- withflanding the Accounts of it printed m England j 'tis very certain they did nothing there, neither Ad- miral nor General, worth the Expences th^y put both England und Barbadoes to. Col. Farmer was a Man of Penetration, and the Reader will not be difpleas'd with his Account of our Affiiirs there, and his Reflections upon them, in a Letter dated the jd oiApriL 1691, about 7 Weeks after the Fleet iail'd ftonxBariadoesy witktfhe Rein- forcements mentioned before. ' * Mod of our Ships Men being prefs'd, and gone ^ with the Fleet for the Leward Expedition, they '■ ..-..■.,.11.;. ; fwifl Th Htfiwy of Barbadoes. * will not be able to fail for want of them, and To * muft ftay for their Return. I wifli I may then be * able to give you fuch an Account of their Proceedings * there4 as may be pleafingjpq you ; but by what they * have hitherto done. I much doubt I fliall not : For < Capt. Wright^ with all the King's Ships, reinforced * with 6 of our beft Merchant-Men, equal to Fourth * and Fifth Rates, well mann'd, has been thefe feven * Weeks down there ^ and tho great Matters were * talk'd of here before he went, as of taking and de- ' ftroying all the French Illands in a fliort time, yet ^ Talking is all that has hitherto been done, except *• the taking a fmall Fiflier-boat: But the Frtmh hav« * been, more aAive \ for while thefe mighty Thing$ * were performing by our Fleet in the Roads and * Bays of St. Chr^hers, Amego^ and Nevis^ they * with Sloops and other fmall Veflels, are bufy'd in ^taking (both Windward and Leeward df thi$ ^ Ifland} our Veflels inward and outv^rd bound, of * which we have Advice of 1 3 of all forts already * taken by them \ fo that in a very fliort time we * fliall be in a miferable Condition for want of Pro* *vifions. And Mr. Ktid^ another Member of the Coun- cil, in a Letter dated the 2d of '^tHy following, writes: * Our Crops this Year have been very fmall \ in ' all Probability the next will be fmaller, we not * having had the ufual Seaibns to plant. We have * been annoy'd extremely with a little frtnch Snow, * who has, notwithftanding the King's Fleets, taken * by Report 28 or 30 of our fmall Veflels to Leeward ^ of this Ifland, which has occafion^d Proviflons to be ^ fcarce and dear. Our Admiral, of whom we are ^ like to be happily rid, has been (lothful in their *. Majefty's Service \ he and General Codrrngton de- *' ferted Guardatoup without any Reafon, only their * own Jealoufics and Fears of the French Fleet, whea ' we had three times the Number of Men that the * French had. They left their Mortar Piece behind, ^ tho the French at the fame time deferted the Ifland ' alfo, concluding we were going ti) attack Martimo, * This Expwiition is one of the moft unaccountabW f things I ever heard of. «l S6^ Tht kifiory The Aflembly 'paft an jiSt^ fir prohibiting the fet^ ling ofHum^ or any firong Liquor s^ to any Negroj or other Slavey Which theGoviemour fign*d: But this ^^, like others in other Places, has been eafily and often evaded. The Governour had a Prefent ^om the Country this SefKon: and the Grand Jury fitting at tlie BridgOy drew up a veryloyal Adcfrefstotneir Ma* Jefties King William and Oueen Mary \ Which was prefented them by Col. Edwyn Stede^ introduced by the Earl of Rochejler. At which time his Majefty confer'd the Honour of Knighthood ottCoL Stede^ iiConnderationofhis^thful Services. ' The 5o Th Ktfiory of Barbadocs. The Reader may have the Curiofity to know the Reafon of their pailing the Aft concerning the Ne- groes above-mention'd. .The Preamble to the Aft S)r their difcovering Confpicacies, tells us : Whereas fundry of the Negroes and Slaves of this JJland^ have been long preparing^ contriving-^ and defigning a mojk . horrid^ bloody^ damnable and detefiahle Rebellion^ Maffacre^ Affajfmation^ and DejiruBion^ by them to be committed^ &c. This Plot was the moft general the Slaves ever hatch'd, and brought nearcft to Execution.. The Villains were fo cunning, as to obferve the Want of Inhabitants, occafion'd oy the Peftilence and War, and thought they (hould never have a better Oppor- tunity to accompliih their Diabolical Purpofes, the one would think, that Wretches capable of fo foolifli, as well as bloody a Defign, could never have much thought of the Matter : For what could they pretend to do ? Could they maintain themfelves there without Provifions? Would it have mended their Condition to have chang'd their Mafters ? and inftead of ferving Free-men, have been Slaves to Slaves, the Fi?ench. Or did they imagine the Chri- ftians would have fuffer'd them to fet up a Negro Monarchy, or Republick, in the midd: of their Go- Yernments. Englifh, Dutch, and French ? They wouVl rather have Leagu'd, than have fufFer'd fucn an unnatural and dangerous Independance. Wou'd they have return'd to their original Barbarity? How could they have got to Africa f They would fcave been look'd upon as common Enemies bf all Nations : And if England had not thought fit to nave chaftiz'd them, as they moft certainly and fe- verely would have done, every Chirftian People would have thought it fair to have attacked them, and carry'd them into worfe Slavery, than what they bafely endeavour 'd to free themfelves from, by Trei^ fon, Murder, and Hellifh Ingratitude. Before we rcfleft any further upon it, the Reader will expeft to know more of the Particulars, which are thefe. This Defign, as has been faid, had been carry'd oo ft loni; time V hut the Confpirators met with feve- ral Didippointments about the Execution of it. Tlie The Hiftory of Barbadocs. The Confpiracy was to kill the Govcrnour ; ^nd at the fame time thofe who were chiefly trufted in each Plantation, were to fell upon their Mafters and O- verfeers *, and afterwards to rendezvous with what Arms, Ammunition, and Horfes they could feize, at the Bridge Town *, where they were to form ihem- felvesinto feveral Regiments of Horfe and Foof, of which they had agreed who were to be the princi- pal Officers. They were to have been further fupply'd with Arms and Ammunition out of the pub- lick \Iagazine, by a Negro employ'd' there under the Store-keeper, who was to have been murder'd by his Slave. They defign'd alfo to furprize the Fort, and from thence to batter the Ships in the Harbour. But their wicked Contrivances were happily brought to light by two of the chiefeft of the Confpirators, who were over-heard as they were difcourfing of it , and being immediately feiz'd, were condemn'd to be hang'd in Chains, till they were ftarv*d to Death \ which they endur'd four Days, and then finding they were not reliev'd by the Succour they hop'd for from their Accomplices, they promis'df co declare the whole Defign *, and accordingly did it, making a full Confeflion, and difcovering the principal Con- fpirators^ who were fecur'd, put to the Torture,, and feveral of them executed. The Laws made on this Occafion are in the Abridg- ment of the Laws of the Plantations, and in the Sta- tutes at large of the^Illand of Barbadoes. When we confider that above ha If of the Blacks are CreoUans,or Natives of the Iflc, their Folly and Madnefs appear the more unaccountable •, that tiiey fhould be willing to change their natural Lords for foreign. If they imagin'dthey could get to Guinea^ or could main- tain themfelves at Barbadoes^ they mufl: be Fellows of the pooreil Capacities upon Eartn, and their Undcr- ilanding be as vile as their Condition. This was the greateft Danger the Barbadians were ever cxpos'd to from their Slaves : And the good Lawi that were made for preventing the like Confpi- racies for the future, have in a great meafurean- Iwer'd the End. As for the Difpute that happen'd in this Govcr- nour'« Time, between him and Col. Halltt -, and the 6i 6%^ The J^JIotfy of B^vhsidoei. the'Procefs there upon^ having no fufiicient Memoirs to make a juft Report of the Matter, we can only Hiention it, and proceed with our Hiftory. The thoufand Men, of which we have fpoken, •were rais*d, according tothe A£lofthe AfTembly, ^nd form'd two Regiments^ one commanded by Col. Richard Salter •, the other by Col. John Bottler^ both Planters in this Ifland ■, and were intended to join with fome Forces expe^ed from England^ in order to undertake an Expedition againft Marfinico. A good Squadron of Men of War wereequip'din Englaitdj and fail'd for Barbadoesy about the Utter End of the Year i^p2. having on Board Col. Foulk*s and Col. Goodwin\ Regiments of Foot, and 200 Re- cruits of Col. X/W*s. Sir Francis Wheeler was Commander of the Men of War i and Col. Foulks of the Land-Forces, who arriving at Barhadoesy was join'd by Col. Salter^ and Col. Boteler, The Fleet fail'd from that Ifland the 30th of Marchy Kfpj. and on the ift of -/4pr«/. arriv'd at MartinicOy where they anchor'd in the Cul de Sac Marine. We mud obferve, that the two Barbadoes Regiments, when rais'd, the Gentlemen and others, Volunteers, that went from thence with them, made the whole Number of Barbadians ij or 1400 Men, above half of the Land-Forces. The Place where Sir Francis anchor'd was the South-Eaft part of the Ifland, about a Mile and half from the shore. Himfelf, Col. Foulk^ and Col. Uoydy went in a Sloop, to fee for a convenient Place, in order to land their Men. The French had feveral fmail Guards along the Shore *, from one of which a Musket Shot ftruck Sir Francis xitiAtt theR'^^ht Pap, and fdl down at hit Feet, havinc only made a great Contuflon. Orders were given for landing of Sie Forces, but the Wind blowing very frefli, 'twas defer'd till next Day 1 when, about 9 in the Morning, Col. Foulk landed with lyoo Men, without any Oppofltion. The Boats were immediately Tent back, and towards E- vening the red of the Forces alio landed. On the 3d of April they continu'd a-fliore, and delkoy'd all the Houi'«s and Plantations about Cul de Sac Aiarine 1 moit The Hiftory of Barbado^s. moft of which were goo4 Sugar- Works i tiie Inhtr bitants and Negroes flying into the Woods. The 4th the Forces retum'd on Doard. The jth Sir Francis Wheeler went a-lhoro- with a Detach- ment of 500 Men, in the Bay towards the Dhmmd^ burnt feveral Houfes and Plantations^ and at Night came on Board again. The fame Day a Lieutenant of •ne of the Barbadoes Regiments going a^fliore without Orders, with migiit probably have giv^na better Account of it ' For a Gouncil of War being held, *twas refolv'd that the Men and Artillery ihould be re-inibark'd ^ which was done : And the only Reafon I ever heard of, was, becanfe the Fort was a^egular Work-, and that, *tis to be fuppos'd, was known before the Engliih landed there. *Tis faid, the Men were fickly J If To, the keeping them aboardj and carrying them to the Leward, was not the way to cure them. / The Forces made altogether 4 or 5600 Men, and were enough to have diipoflefs'd the French of all their Sug?r-!flandi Col. Salter, and Col. Boteler return*d to Barbadoei ^ which Ifland had only lofl: more Hands, and no Soldiers were left to fupply their Places. . Col. Foulky Col. (joodwin. Major Ahrahall, and o- ther Officers, dy'd a Ship-board, and met with an inglorious' Death, in avoiding a glorious one. Tis ^true, the French at Martinico were enough frightened, and mofl of the richefl Inhabitants fhip'd themfelves and their Vulaable Effefts ^ot France-, fome of whom o./ c^n were interceptedvby the Fnglifh. Ruffcl g3* His Majefty King Wmnm having recalPd Col. verneur, Kendal, appointed Col. Francis Ruffel, Brother to the Right Honourable the Earl of Orford, to be Go- vernour of Barbadoes, and gave him aCommiffion for a Regiment of Soldiers, which were to be tran- (ported to that Ifland, and there to remain. Accor aingly the AfTcmbly took Care for their Accommoda- tion againft their Arrival, which was in the Year 169^ And Col. Kendal being return*d to England^ His Majefty was pleas'd to make him one of the Lords of the Admiralty. Tho fome Accounts brought Advice, that the Sicknefs in Barbadoes was abated, yet 'tis certain, that the Men, both a-lhpre and a-board, dy'd as fait as ever *, and the 2 Men of War in CarUjle-Bay^ the Tyger and Mermaid, wanted Hands fo much, that the AfTembly were forc'd to pafs an Aft, for fpeedy fupplying them with Men. With Col. RuQel went his Lady, the Lady North and Grey, and her Daughter, Siiter to the prelent Lord iwr/b, who both dy'd there. Tlie TheHiftorj/Gf Barbadoes, • The firft Aft now in Force, which the new Qo^ vemour Mr. ^«i/f/ pais'cl, was, to prevent the break' ing up or taking away (^ any Rocks or Stones in am Part of the Sea^ or Sea-^oars before this Jftand\ which Aft is fign'd by Mr. Thomas Br ewfier^ who, 'tisfaid, afted as Deputy Secretary, by the Governour*s Or- der \ and George Pain, Elq*, Clerk of the Aflembly. The latter being fome time after made Deputy Secre- tary, the prefent Sollicitor General wasch'ofen Clerk of the Aflembly in his ftead. The Government here thought fit to fet forth the Brigantine MarygoU to go to Leward, and fetch up the Remainder of the Men that were left there, after the Martinico Expedition. The AfTembly advanced 700 /. to viftual the Briftol Man of War, and Play Prize •, and added Mr. Francis Eyles, a worthy Merchant of.Londony to the two Agents before-mention'd^ ordering by an Aft, that I joo /. fhould be remitted to him for the Service of the Ifland. They prefented the Governour with 2000 /. and maintain'd his Regiment. The Gover- nour, Council, and AfTembly, tranfmitted a very loyal Addrefs of Condolance to his Majefty King William^ on the never enough lamented Death of his Royal Confort, our Sovereign Queen Mary, Sifter in all things to our prefent Gracious and Glorious Queen Ame-. which the King was pleas'd to receive very graciouHy, and fome time after Knighted Col. Wilbughby Chamberlayne, for his good and faithful Services in this Ifland \ who being fince dead, his Lady marry'd Mr. Mitjord Crow^ a Merchant ofLon- \don, of whom more hereafter. iht Child^s Play Man of War convoy'd a Fleet of Merchant Ships from Barbadoes to England', and 'tis [obfervable, that the lilanders were in a great mea- Ifure at the lExpence of it : For without they had [viftuard her, (he^could not have fail'd. Belides thefe Charges, the Governours began now to be a fort of Grievance, by their exaftine Pre- sents from the Country, and looking upon tho^ Gifts to be their Right, which were only extraordinary *knevolences of the Inhabitants. Col Rujfel hdid 2000/. more, j4. D, tffpj, tho, if Uport is true, he did not deferve it ; for we have Vo1.il F been L^S 65 the Hiftory of Bai*badoes« teen credibly inform'cl, there were not 7 Rounds of pQwder in the Forts when Monfieur Pomty came in Sight of Barbadoesy as he was failing to Canhagena \ SLnd had he known what Qrcumitances the Bar" badims were in, perhaps he had ended his Expedition 1>eforc he reach'd the Continent. There was Powder enough in Barhadoes not long before y but the Pyrates had their Agents in this Ifland as well as other Places, and ibme how or other Aleans were made ufe of to iupply thofe at Madagafcar with it. Tis not Xo be queftion'd, but they paid a good Price for it \ j^nd if the Gentlemen of Barhadoes had any Jealoufy of fuch an infamous Traffick, we wonder they did not, by their Agents in England^ take Care to com- plain of it. Col. Rvffel dying, juft as this Matter began to make Francis a Noift?. Francis Bond. Efq; Prefident of theCoun- lJond,^g;cil, undertook the Acfminiftration, till a Governour CovemurKXxWd from England : And the Prefident, Coun- cil, and General Aflembly, having Advice of the damnable A flaiiination Plot, fentovera Hearty and Loyal Addrefs to his Majefty, to congratulate his Ma- jefty's wonderful and happy Deliverance from the mofi barbarous and bloody jiffajfmation lately dejign'd againfi his Royal Perfon by execrable Ktllains^ and Monfiers of Mankind^ who are the Difbomur of the prefenty and will be the Horror and Deteftatim of^ future Ages, A very Loyal Addrefs was alfo prefented to his Majefty on the fame Occafion, from the Grand- Jury of the Ifland of Barhadoes, In this Prefident's Time, feverJil good Laws were made, which remain ftill in Force •, and which we iliall particularize in the Order of Time, as they pafs'd. The firft is an Aft declaring the Decifion of all controverted ElcHlons of Members to ferve in the General Affembhy to be legally and rightfully in the Kcprefsntatives of his Majciiy's Liegf People of this JjUmd \ which was lign'd the loth of February^ i6s>6. And on tlw i6X\\ of the fame Month, another Bill pafs'd, being A i'upplc mental and explanatory AH to an A^y entitled^ Ati AB for binding and ordering poor Apprentices. And the 3d of March following, another, entitled, An Aft that the folemn AJirmatien and i^r.^ The Wftory bf Barbadoes. and Declaration &f the People call'd Quakers, JJl^all he accepted infiead of- an Oath in the vfual Form. About this time, Vice-Admiral Nevil arriv'd at Barbadoes^ with a Squadron of Men of War v and the 28th of j4pnl, 1697. fail'd from this Ifland, to look after Monfieur Powfy. The Aflembly ftili fitting, an Aft pafs'd the iStft of Afay^ to difable the Judges from pleading ondpraEli' Jir.g in any of the Courts of this Ifland ^ as alio, ano- ther to repeal an AEt^ entitled^ An AEl for laying a Duty on Shipping^ for the Publick Building of Feers^ and clearing the Bar in Carlifle Road. Two Ships, the Providence and Benjaminy were fitted out, employ'd and paid by the Country, ac- cording to an Aft pafs'd for that Purpofe : And in June 1697' a Bill was read, and pals'd the Prefident and Council, to keep inviolate and preferve the Freedom ef EleSiions^ and appointing who Jball be deem*d Free- holder s^ and be capable of eleBingy or being eleHed Re prefentativeSy f^efiry Men^ or to jerve as Jurors to try real Actions within this Ifland : A Law of very great Importance in the prelent Conftitution of the Go- vernment of Barbadoes •, as is that fcv the Settlement of the Militia of this IJland. The Barbadians had not then heard of the Ccnclu- fion of the Peace at Refwyck^ and this Bill was enafted for their Security againft Invafions. Guns were to be plac'd on Lefley's Hill, Ramfay's Hill, the Mount, Brigg*s Hill, and other convenient Places, for the fpecdy carrying on of an Alarum. About the Beginning of January^ the Earl of Bel- lomont arriv'd at Barbadoes^ in the Deptford Man of War. He was bound for his Government of New* England ihd New-Torky and driven hither by Strcfs of Weather. News coming to this Ifland of the Peace, one may imagine by their LolTes, that the Inhabitants, in whofe Name, as well as their own, the Prefident, Council, and Afifemblv, addrels'd King Williafny were heartily glad or the Security he iiad given them, by bringing France to Reafon. The lad Aft now in Force, pals'd in Mr. Bond'% Prefidtncy, was an Aft for the better ficuring tie F 3 X*<- 67 68 The Hfftory of B2Lrb2idocs. Liberty of his Majefhfs SuhjeBs within thii Jjlandy and preventing long Imprifonntent, The Ho- In i<^i>8. Ws Majefty was pleas'd to appoint the fiourabie Honourable Ralph Grey^ Efa', Brother to tne Right Ralph Honourable the Earl of tankervitty to be Governour Grey,% of Barbadoes^ and he laitUfrom St. Hellens on board Governour ^}^Q Soldados Prize^ the ift of June, He arrived at Madera the 2+th of Jme^ and having been nobly ent6rtain'd by the Governour, during his Stay, (ail'd thence the ift of July^ and on the 25th arriv'd at Barbadoes, ■ -. The SpedewelL Capt. Coulfea^ came thither in Company with the Soldados \ aboard which Ship, in their PalTage from Madera^ a villanous DeHgn was difcover'd, carry'd on by one Jonathan Bear^ a Mid- ihip Man, to furprizc and murder the Captain, and afterwards to run away with the Ship. Ufjon which Bear^ and 2 other Seamen, who were chiefly con- cern'd in the Plot, were fecur'd *, and when they came to Barbadoes, were put aboard the Sheernefs^ and fent in Chains to England. The new Governour, Mr. Grey^ upon his Arrival near the Shear, was faluted by the Cannon from the Caftles and Forts *, and coming to an Anchor, was complimented by the Council and AfTembly. The next Day he came aflioar, the Men of War and the Forts firing all the while. Major Garth's independant Company of Regular Soldiers, and (bme Militia Horfe, were drawn up to receive him \ and upon his Landing, the Council waited upon him, and condufted him to the Council-Chamber, where his Commiilion was read, and the ufual Oaths admini* ilred to him, and to the Members of the Council *, after which they entertain'd him at Dinner. In the Evening the Governour, attended by feveral of the Council, went to Mr. Bond's Houfe, two Miles from the Bridge Town-^ where he continu'd till Mr. > HotherfaWs Plantation was taken for him, ard the Houfe fitted up for his Reception. On Tuefday the 2d of Augiifi^ the AfTembly met, and attended him in the Council Chamber \ and their Speaker, Thomoi MaxwelL Elq^ made a Speech, ex- preiing great Loyalty and Duty to his Ma)efty, and congratulating the Governour's fafe Arrival. The The Hifiory of Barbadoes. The Reader will not be difpleas'd with a Lift of this Council and Aflembly, by which he will have a clearer View of the Form of Government in Bar- badoes^ and the Govemour's Stile. . The NAMES of the Govermur^ Council^ and Jffemblf of Badadaes^ as they were in the Year 1698. His Excellency Ralph Crey^ Efq^ Captain General and Chief Governour of the Illand of iarbadoesy San^a Lucia^ St. yinctnt\ Dominico^ and the reft of his Majefty's Iflands, Colonies, and Plantations in America^ known by the Name of the Charibbee-X^mdiS^ lyin^ and being to Windward q( Cuardaloup, The Honourable the Members of his Majefty'$ C OU N C I L, at that Time. Frtmcis Bond^ Efq*, late Prefident. 69 John Gibbsy John Farmer^ George LilUn^ton^ George Af^drews^ William Sharps Tobias Frere^ Michael Terrilly David Ratnfeyy Richard Scoty Benjamin Cryevy Richard Walter^ Thomas Merrick, The Members of the then General A S S E M B LY, viz,. For the Precinfts of r* \j- u. I \ George Veersy Efq^ St. Michael. J William Wheelery Efq-, inr A A^ I Z Thomas Maxwell, Efq; Speaker, ] arifi-aurch. I ^,,„.^^ ^ ^fq. *' 1 c* n; /-.^ \ William Fortefcuey Efq; • St.P^;//p/. I Henry Markiand] Y.{^y ^t "fnUff < JohnLefsliey Efq-, St. John. ^ j^^gj Collitony Efq*, ^'fi i 70 The Hifiory <7/Barbajdoes. St. George. St. Jofeph, } Petey 0ewdl!n, Efq', MiUs Topping Efq*, ?^/7tf/ jilleym^ Efq^ William ffoUer^ E(q\ ' lljomas Sadhir, Efq*, Jonathan Dowries^ Efq^ Samuel Mayrjard, Efq 7 Robert Harrifon^ Efq, -^ 5 Thomas EngltJbyEiq^ Upon the Gpvcrnour's Arrival, the Aflfenibly f^U prefently to Bufinefs, were unanimous and fpeedy in their Debates, and in a Week's Time had two Bills re^dy ^ as an Aft to declare and afcertain thf Rights and Powers of the General Affemkh of this Jfland v and an Aft: to fettle five hundred Pounds per Annum en his ExccHency^for his Habitation. At which time we find Mr. William Hart was Deputy Secretary. The preamble tOj'thelaft Aft gives us the Reafons why the Governour did not think fit to take up his Refidence at Fontabelh. Whereas it is vecejfary and expedient for the Inhabitants of this I/land to find and provide an Habitation for his Majefiy^s Governour of this I/land ^ aiid by )^ea/on of the Dec ay ^ and want of Repairs at Fon- tabell, the late Habitation of the Governour^ and the Danger he will be exposed to in Cafe of War, fo that it is no ways fit for his Excellemy^s Reception, &c. But fince it had done in time of War, that Argument in time of Peace might have been left out ot the Pre- amble. The 500 /. a Year was paid for Hotherfa/l's Houfe and Plantation, which, 'tis probable, the Governour lik'd better, and thought to be a bitter Bargain than the other. Tis very certain, this Gentleman was much in the good Graces of the People ofBarbadoes •, never any Ctovernour was fo well belov'd. He was a Man of Honour ; his Scul noble as well as his Birth, and he was not cap.ib)e of doing ^n ill thing by them for his ■ ' • ' • ' own The Hifiory of Barbadoes. own Intereft. Such Men will foon gain the Affbaions of a Colony, and they will in the main find their Ad- vantage by it too \ for People give more when they fee Governours are not greedy, than when they arc always begging, or doing worfe. On the 7 th of September an Aft pafs'd for two thou- fond Pounds for his Excellency's Charges of his royage^ forwards the better Support for the Government \ ih.^ Title of which is not very grammatical. Mr. George Payne fign'd it, afting as Deputy Secretary pro hac vice: And Mt. Rmlmsy Clerk of the Aflembly, the fame Day procured an Aft to appoint him to colleft the Body of the Laws, and for printing the Laws of theJ/land of Bdith^does, contained in the enfuing Volume : The Volume he publifh*d, Ifrom which the Writer of this Hiftory took fbme of his Matter, as the Ti- tles of the A^s^ &c. and that Coileftion going down no farther than the above-men tion'd 7th of September ^ :^p8. we have no further Helps from him. The fame Day, the Governour, Council, and Aflembly, pals*d the Aft concerning the General Sejfions. This being a time of Peace, few Events happen*d here worth recording. The ^Mortality continue till the Year itfps. but grew lefs and lefs from the Year i ^ Barbadoes." • ''n ^^^ tU" following Year, 1703. her Majefty wasg;:^^;;;5 pica^ d to appoint Sir Sevill Greenvill to be Governour cgy^giff^ d Sarh^oes'y and it having been fbqnd burthenfome to trtc G)untry to make Prefen^s of, 2000 /. and o- tlier large Sums to the Governours, Orders were Tent to put a $top to that CufVom y ^nd as a Com- penfation for this, the Governour's Saliary was cat creas'd from 1 200 to 2000 /. a Year. This Government in King WiUiamh Time had bertl promised to Mr. Mitford Crow, a Merchant of ' Lmdotr, who had ferv*d an Apprenticeftiig to a,^74 The lBJiiny:(fB3Lrh&does, few Days, and then proceeded in his Voyage, having been driven thither by Strefs of Wea- ther. The Ifland of Barbadoes was at this time mifera- bly divided into Faftions *, one was for the Gover- nour, and the other againft him. The latter fent Complaints to England^ which .were contradifted by thofe of the other Intereft, tho 'twas generally re- ported, that Sir Bevill GreemjUl had done (everal unfair things ^ the Particulars of which not being come to our Hands, they are like to be forgotten. In his Time one Chilton^ who made the References to Cook!s Reports^ was Attorney General of Barbadoes. He had the Misfortune to kill a Alan there, and being guilty of many Male Praftices, was fufpended : When he came to England, he alfo join'd with the Complainants againft the Governour, and fuc- ceeded almoil a^ well as if he had been inno- cent. The Fa£lion in Barbadoes ran fo high, that one Gentleman was accus'd of Defigns againft the Go- vernour's Life ^ but though he was fin d 2000 /. yet 'twas generally thought, there was^more Malice than Reafon in the Accufation. The Gentleman was one of the Council, and had we believ'd he had been guilty, we ftiould have nam'd him. In 3ie Year 1705. the AfTembly taking into Con- fideration the great Want of Money in the Ifland, occafion'd by the fending away all the Silver from thence, upon the Proclamation for reducing Pieces to a certain Standard in the Wefi'Indies, pafs'd an I Aft to allow (^5000 /. Paper Credit, impowering the Treafurer to give out Bills for fuch a Sum, and lend them to :he Planters, on Security of Land and Ne- groes. Jehn Holder. Efq^ Speaker of this Affembly was appointed Treafurer, and w;u to have -i per Cent, for managing thefe Bills. The Money'd Men were fenerally againft this Projeft ^ for they found their )ebtors were glad of an Opportunity to pay them \r\ Paper. The AfTembly who pafs'd the Aft being difTolv'd, the next that fat proceeded vigoroofly againft thofe )vho were concern'd in it, and fent an Addrcfs to il/zf/W to complain of it. Tki Kfiory of Barbadoes. 75 ' On the 4.th of July^ 1706. the Squadrc:i of her Majefty's Ships, undfer the Command of Captain Kerry arriv'd at Barbadoes \ from whence they faird to the Leward Iflands, having on board Colonel farky who was appointed Oovernour of thofe I- (lands. Sir -Bm//*s Arrival, a ve- ry odd Accident happen'd here to one Mr. Samuel FraTjon^ a Merchant, who coming from on board a Man of War, a Storm arofe, and Urove him in ' his Boat out to Sea *, fo that 'twas fear'd he was loft. At laft News came of him, that after ha- ving driven upon the Ocean 6 Days, without a- ny Subfiftance, not fo much as Bread and Water, he fell upon St. Vincents \ where, as foon as he Lmded with his Sailors and Negro, the Indians (Iripp'd them ftark naked. The two Sailors dy'd in a little time of the Fatigue, but the Merchant and his Black furviv'd it. Mr. Fraz.on continu'd in that Condition 5 Months *, at the end of which the Indians carry'd him over to Alartinico \ where he paid 1 7 or 1 8 Piftoles for his Ranfom, but they would pot let him redeem his Negro, From Martinko "•••■ '' ' the 7^ Thi Ktfiory of Barbadoes. the Vrench fent him to Nevis \ from whence he retorn'd to Barbadoes. Anoiher Boat at the fame time, with two Ne- groes, drove ofFto Sea, and they landed the (ame Day at St. Vincents \ where the Charibbeans do not al- ways deal fo civilly by the Englifh, who are driven thither by Storms, as they did by Mr. ¥razjm^ tho they us'd him ill. Thus I have faithfully related the Events that concern this once flourifliing Ifland, with all the Impartiality that becomes an Hiflorian. If this Hiftory is not larger, it has been for Want of Memoirs on which I could truft. Others 1 might have had, but would not maVe ufe of them. The Inhabitants had.feen more of their Affairs here, had I had fuitable Helps. I did my Endeavours to obtain them, by applying to the Agency more than once: From which however I could not pro- cure one Event towards contributing to my De- fign. My own Acquaintance with thele Matters, pri- vate Letters, and authentick Records, have furnilh'd me with what I here prefent to the Reader^ dcfiring he would confider, that a Man who was never in a Country, and writes of it at 2 or 3000 Miles diftance, muft have been careful, or he would have coamiitted more Errors than will be found here. '"S^ CHAP. The Hifiory oj Barbadocs. 77 C H A P. IL A Geographical Defcriftion of the IJlandy with its Towns J Forts, Fortifications^ Ports^ Harbours^ Rivers, Publick and Pri'^'oti Buildings, 'T* H E various Accounts tKat are given us of the ■*• Situation of Barbadoes, oblie'd us to be very ex- aft in examining it by the lateft Surveys that have been taken of the Ifland, and comparing them with the Informations we receiv'd from the Inhabitants of the Place. Z/fgw fays in his Hiftory, it lies in 13 Degrees, 30 Minutes, Northern Latitude •, and where 'tis long- eft, is fomewhat above 28 Miles in Length*, and wherd *tis broadeft, 1 7 Miles in breadth : Which Defcription agrees exaftly with the Map that was printed with his Book. An anonymous Author, who pretends to have been on the Spot, fays, it lies in 1 3 Degrees, 20 Mi- nutes, Northern Latitude, is 24. Miles long, and tn fome Places i y Miles over. Monfieur Robbcy the famous French Geographer, fays, 'tis fitu ted in \ 7 Degrees, North. Lat. and is above 3 o Leagues in Ciicumference. The laft printed Survey of this Uland, makes it to be fituated between the 13 th and i+th Degrees of North Latitude. The South part lying in 13 De- grees, 10 Minutes-, and the North part in i; De- grees, 27 Minutes •, being in Length from the Point, Celow C rew^'i Plantation in the South South-Eaft, to the Spout below Dowden\ in the North North- Weft, 21 Miles : And from Needham*s Point to Con- ger Rock, 12 Miles over, and about 75 Milcb m Cir- cumference. Th€ Latitude is right, and fo is the Breadth of the Illand j but we are affur'd by Gentlemen who have often traveird from Oifiin\ in the South Eaft, to Cluf% Bay in St. /.«o's Pari (h in the North- Well, that 7? The npry of BsLtb2id6es. that 'tis full 28 Miles long ^ which, reckoning the Breadth at 12, and niultiplyinf the one by the other, makes 336 Square Acres of Land ^ in all 21J04.0 Acres; Bot this Calculation, however joft it may he found to be according to the Rules of Arithmetick, will certainly deceive any one that fhall fiirvey it ^ for the Ifland does not contain in all above 1 00000 Acres : And this vaft Diminution proceeds from the Inequality of "the Breadth-, in the North- Weftern, where it is narroweft •, and that in the South-Eaftern part of the Ifland, where it is broadcft. Barbadoes is the moft Windwardly Ifland of all the Charibbee Iflands, Tobago excepted, as fome will have it \ of an Oval Form, broad towards the South End, growing narrow to the North, with a bending in on nie Eaft iide. The neareft Iflands to it, are St. f^mcent and St. Lu- eta. At St. Fincents the Englifti had formerly a fmall Settlement. This Ifland may be feen from Barba- does m a clear Day. The nearefl: Part of t\iQ Conti- nent to it is Surrinam^ about a Day and a half's Sail off of it. The Enalifli were once in Poffeflion of thatCountrv, but the Dutch difpoflefs'd them-, and the former have not thought fit to require to be re- ftor'd to their Plantation. The Country in general is gradually rifmg, level in fome Parts ^ and in others, fome high Hills, af- fording moft lovely Profpefts all over the Ifland, with a continual Verdure. In the Defcription of BarbadoeSy we ftiall begin with the Capital, the Bridge Town •, and from thence firoteed from one Parifti lo another, over the whole fland. The Bridge Town was at firft call'd St. Michaels ^ from the Name of the Parilh-Church, which is de- dicated to St. Michael the Arch-Anj;el. Tis fituatcd in the Latitude of 12 Degrees, 55 Minutes, in the in moft part of the Bay, commonly call'd Carlifle Bay ^ and the Choice of the Place to build this Town upon, fccms to have been dire^ed more by Conveni- ence than Health : For the Orouud thereabouts being a little lower within Land than the Sea Hanks, the Spring-Tides flow o^cr, and make a great part of the tie Hipry of Barbadoes. the Flat a Bog, or Marih : From which there us'd formerly to afcend noxious Vapours, that contribu- ted very much to the Unhealtninefs of the Place 'y but the Inhabitants have (ince drain'd the Flats, and defended it (b well from the Influxes of the Sea, that they are not much troubled with thofe unwholibme Fumes, which before corrupted the Air, and bred Difeafes. The Bog or Morafs that is now on the Eaft- fide of ^he Town, is occafion'd by the Frefhes or Floods that fometimes overflow the whole Town •, which lies at the Entrance of a Valley, that runs feteral Miles into the Country, and iscall'd, the Valley of St. Georges. There wasafmall River, that fome Years ago fell into Carlijle Bay, at the Bridge. It was very com- modious for the Planters and Merchants, being deep enough for Sloops to go up about a Mile into the Country: But now 'tis quite choak'd up-, and with- out the Inhabitants be forc'd to get it: ckar'd, is like to remain fo *, no body tbinkiJig it their Bufinefs or Intcreft to fet about (b ^tx-eflary a Work, unlefs the Government gave irhem due En- couragement. The i?n^e Town, or rather City, is certainly the flneil and largeft in all the Iflands, if not in all the Englifh Colonies abroad. It contains i2co Hoiks, built of Stone; the Windows glafs'd, many of them fafti'd i the Streets broad, the Houfes high, and the Rents as dear in Cheapjidej in the Bridge^ as m Cheapfiele in London' Tne Wharfs and Keys are very neat and conveni- ent ^ and the Forts to the Sea foftrong, that there would be no taking it by Force, if they were as well mann'd and furnilh*d with Ammu\:;bn as they ought to be. The fir ft of thefc Forts Weft ward, is James Fort, msdiT Stewart's Wharf. 'Tis mounied with i8 Guns. In this Fort the Lord Grey^ when h^^ was Governour of the Iflind, built a very fii^e Council-houfe. Next to this is lViUoughby% Fort, built on a fmall Neck of Land, that runs out into the Sea. 'Tis mounted with 1 2 Guns. The Coafts ofCarti/le Bay, fron> this Fort to Ntidljam'Sy is fortify'd by three Batteries. Need- bam'^ Fort is moutucd with 20 Guns. Above 79 80 The Hiftory of Barbadoes^ Above this Fort, and more within Land, the late Governour, Sir BeviU CranviU^ began the Royal Cittadel, in Honour of our Sovereign Queen Jbmt^ caird St. Ame''s Fort. This will be the ftrongeft in the whole Ifland, and ftand the Country in above 30000/. Sterling. The AiTembly were frightened into fuch a vaft Ex- pence, by Advice that Monfieur //t t ign Invafion, or home Infurreftion t, and 'tis th\ ;<;( urity which makes it the richeft Town of the CLrihbeei. The Merchants Store-houfes are here l?Jc*, and both thofe, and the Trxdefmens Shops, as well furniih'd as the Shops and Ware-houfes in London. The Church in the Bridge Town is as large as ma- ny of our Cathedrals. There's an Organ m it, as fine, and as big, as molt in England. And there be- longs to it a very good Ring of Bells, and a fine Clock \ but through Negligence they were never put up. Here are fevera! large Taverns and Eating-Hou- fes i and a Poft-houfe for receit of Letters from* all Parts. There 'nave been, in this War, Packet-boats employ 'd M inthly by the Government, to carry Letters 10 id from the Weft Indies. Carliff Bay, at the B<^ttom of which the i5r/^^tf {lands, is a very fpatious ^)n'?, a:- r capable of contain- ing 500 Sail of Ships. Tli je was a Mt ^e in it before the late dreadful Hurricane : It ran out from James Fort into the Sea \ but that terrible Tempelt entire- ly ruin'dit, inthe Year i<5^i)4., One may judge of the Popuioufnefs and Strength of this Plate by the Number of its Militia, which are no Ids than 1200 Men, for the Town, and St. Michael's Precinft : They are call'd, the Royal Re- giment, or, the Regiment of Foot-Guards. Here the dit QovvmoBr. CoiiQcU, and Aiiembly, hold^eir Selik^ ^e Coart of Chancery is kept, and aU At publick A^irs of this Ifland generally trains In ihort, if thii Town ftood in as healthy a Place^ as it does in a (afe and advantagious one, 'twould hi the beftof the Bigne&in her Majefty'sI>ominionS| as it is the wealthier. I On the Fail (ide of the Town is a Magazine-houlii built of Stone, where the Stores of Powder for tfiMi whole Ifland' are ;xlways kept onder a good Guard. From the Bridge^ about four Miles up m die Coun- try, (lands the PariOi-Church of St. George^ in a de^ lightful Valley. And, in the Way about a Mile from the Town, the Aifembly has order'd a ftately Houfe to be built for the Govemour's Residence. 'Tis caird FUgnm*Sf from the Name of the Proprietor of the Laid on which it ftands. And a Mile and an half firom the Bridiij to the Southward, is FmtabtS^ which was ulually the Seat of the Governoars ; the Ifland renting the Houfe for that purpofe of the Owner Mr. Walrmd, From the Bridge to FmabeUy along the Short| there's a Line fortify'd with a Parapet \ and at An- tabell a Battery of i o Guns. From Maxwel^ near the Chaces, there puns along a Ridge of Hills to Hot' rifm\ the farthermoft WeftwaraPlantation. The Line is continu'd firom FomaheU to Chact^ Plantati- on : Under which there's a Battery of twelve Guns \ and from thence, along MiUows'% Bay, are great Rocks and fteep Clifls, which have naturally forti- fy'd the Ifland againft any Invader. On Me1lms*s Bay is a Battery of 12 Guns, and from thence Entrenchments, till you come to the ^o/tf-Town, vulgarly call'a the Hole, The Hole lies 8 Miles from St George\ and 7 from the Bridge, This is a pretty Town, and con- fifts of a Street which comes down to the Water-fide, and thence leads up into a long one, that forms the Town. There are about 100 Houles in it. The Road is good, and lies commodious for the Planters in St. Thonuu'% Parifh, tofliip off their Goods. It has a regular and handfome Church, dedicated to YotlL o :>t. i^ rhe Hificiry Hf $i James \ from whence it is. fornetitncs eaU'd ^otMi Town. Every Monih the Seliions is held thei'efot St. James'i Vxttind'y and, for the Defence of the Port^ there is a Fort, mounted with 28 Guns, afid a^ Battery of 8 Guns at Church Boint^ near St. jAmts Church. From the Hole to St Thomas's Pariih to the Bail, is a, Mile and an half-, and from SuThomais to ^eight's Town on the Coall, about d Miles. * Ihe Line is ftill continud along the Shore, from Chwch Point to* Col. jiUen'% Plantation *, under whith there is a Fort of 12 Gulns^ that goes by the i^ame of iJueens Fon, From whence tne Line and Parapet are carry'd on to Eeid's Bay, where there's a Fort mounted with i^ Giuis. The Entrenchment is thence continu'd to Scot's Plantation-, under which there's a Fort of 8 Guns. And from thence to Batly's j by whofe Plantation there's a BaiterY. From Baiifi 'tis carry'd on to Benjons Battery off Guns. • From Benfon's 'tis continu'd to Heatheot*% Bay : Upon which {lands a Fort, mounted With 1 8 Guns, ncai: Speight's Term ^ for the Security of which 'twas erefted. Speight's Town lies about 3 Miles and an half from the /:/^^*s Plantation *, and it falls into the Sea below Holder^s^ after it has had t Courfe of about 2 Miles from its Head. Some pre* tend, that both this and Scotland River ^ by the foak-' ingof the fait Water in Spring-Tides thro* the Sand, ^re fometimes a little brackifli, which is not truer But at other times the Floods overflow the Paftures and Plantations about them, fo much, that it has been very diflFcult for Travellers topafs. Befjcles thefe two Rivers, there are Springs of frefh Water in almoft every Plantation: For dig In this Parifh is that part of the Ifland call'd, 7he Top of the Cliff', Near which ftands Drax-HaU^ one of the firft Spots of Ground that was planted : And the Owner Col. "James Drax, from a Stock of 300 /. rais'd the greateft Ellate of any Planter of his time, or fmce-, except Mr Richard Walter^ who was a Merchant, as well as a Planter. About 3 Miles and a Quarter to the Southward of 5^. 7o/jfz*s, lies St, Philip's and St. Jndrew\ A Ridge of Hills runs from IValrond's to Middleton's Mount j and thence to Harding's in St. George's. This part of the UUnd was the lad inhabited of any, except Scotland, For thirty Years after the Englifli firft fettled upon if, there was no Plantation from Qd' rington's Day, all along the Coail, and feveral Miles up Tht Wfiff^ of Barbadoes. yif in the Country, till you come to Cottonhmtfe 3jiy nearQ/li»'s. Indeed moft part of the Wind- ward Pariflie$ were not thenclcar'd of the Wood*. Scotland was tbe (irft planted*, and now *ti$ as j|?are to meet a Wood from St. Luc/s to St. 0- ftine\ except in Scotland^ as it was then to meet witli aHoa(e. From St, Fhilip^stoChrifi-Chttrch is ahoat 7 M\\e9, This Church is at Ofiitie*s Town, which deriv'd its Name from one Ojtitn 9 whofe Plantation was near .the Shore, and being a mad extravagant Fellow/ the Plac^ became famous on his account, and fo was ^aird Ofiim\ together with the Bay. This Town Ibmetimes goes by the Name of Charles Town ) but 0^/»*'s is that by which *tis beft known. The Town wiy isflank'd by two good Forts \ one towards the Sea, and the other towards the Land) a platform being carry'd from the one to the other, lor the BeneAt of Communication. That towards the Sea is on the North-fide of the Town-, and be- fore St, jinne's forty or the Royal Cittadel wdiS built at the Bridie^ this was' the belt in the liland, beings mounted with above 40 Guns. The other Fort ftands at the South End of the Town, is mounted with 16 or x'8 Guns y and both of thtm are a fure Pefeoce to tb^Piace^ which is about the Bignefs of the HoU^ and is built in the fame Form *, one long $treet and a Lane in the middle. Tis one of the Ave PrecinfU of the Ifland, is a Market-Town as well as the otiier three Tqwus, and has, like the reft, a A^onthly Seifions held in it. It lies about fix Miles from the Bridge,,' and four and an h^lf ^m 5!r. CeorgeX From the Southward Fort the Line and Parapet reach as far as the Royal Cttadel. jMtle I/land is a Mile and an half from it, near a Quarter of a Mile from the Shore. It lies olf j4ilttt jMid Carter's Plantation : And about a Mile in the Road, from OJime's to the Bridge^ lUnds the late Mr. Pieris Seat and Plantation, famous for having the bed Gardens in the Ifland, adorn'd with Variety pf prange-VValks, Citron Groves, Water-work^ and all the lovely and pleafant Fruits and Flowers of^ that delicious Country, at well as with the moft cunou^ ploqrowa, ^, li IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■^ Itt 12.2 Photographic Sciences Corporation 4S5 % 13 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTH.N.V. USIO (7U)I73-4S03 ^^U ^^^' V '^ S6 Thi^ J^ory of B^i^iocs. Thus we have gone over the whole Iflatid, ani there remains now only to mention forae remarkable Places and Things, which we ibrbore taking Notice of in our way, becaufe we were loath to interrupt the coftjpleat Survey we were making of the Coun- try, as *iis divided into Parifbcs. ' Befides the Bays we have nam'd, there zteRivir Bay, TetJt Bay, Baker's Bay,: 'on the Windward qoall: St'^//Bay, foul Bay,\Af/i5f$ Bay, i>»« Bav, and IVomcns B*y, in the Eaft : between Deemi P6intand Ofiim\Six Mm Bay, to the South- Weft •, andGV/'s Bay thenjoft Wefterly in the Ifland. There are, many more little Bays, wh|ch cither have no Nanie, or bear that of the Owners of the Planu- tionsnext to them. ., There are alfo fomc large Brooks that are honour'd with the Names of Rivers, as that at Hockleton Clif in St. Jcfcph*s Harifh, which runs into the Sea, about a Mile from the Mouth of y«fiph*s River ^ Hatchet River near Hayms\ in St.>/)»'s Parifti. There's ano- ther River in the Thickets, in St. Phillp'i Parifti \ but the Stream is fo wca k, it can't reach the Sea. There are feveral Poojs be/ides, by which the Inhabitant! are fupply'd with Water, as alio by Ponds and Drawwelli Tnele are on the Windward or North Coaft. Th^ only Water that is allow'd to ttfiirp the Title of k River, on the Leward, or South Coaft, is the bidioH River, between the Bridge Town and FomabeH^ and this, looks much more like a Pond than a River, but in great Floods it falls into the Sea, arid that^ ii enough for it to pretend to that Homxir-^ The F^r- tiHcations of which we h&ve given (b partitUliir a Defcription, as to their Lengtn, confilt of a Lin^ and a Parapet, which goes from Fort to Fort, Tht Parapet is ten Foot high, made of Sand *, before it is ji deep Ditch, and for the Security of it a Hedge *of Thorns, of a prickly Plant, wkofe Prickles ate very long, and if they get into the Flefh, make a jjery dangerous Wound. I The Strength of this Ifland and its Situation, be- ing the Wiiidwardmoft Ifland of the CWi^^r^/, give it many Advantages *, by which it has, in all times of War, been the Means of pref«rvin£ the reft of the Ent^liih Lev^ardSettlemenUfrom thelnfliltt of the .W..4 ., , i •' Enemy Enemy, tijl the I4A JFat^l Blow^ven byMonHeur HtzbnviUe, The Inhabitants of thisTflancli as they have tak^ti t. great deal of Pains to fortify it, fo thsy had a gre^ti d^ of BLeafoa to do it^ for if 'tis not the rich?; eft Spot of Ground in the World, 'tis only becauf^- ths indtiftry of the People is not enough eocpa- ragM. To return to our Defcriptioij of the Country: There are feveral vaft Civ«:s lu it ^ fome of them fo larse, as that in Col. AUen*s Plantation, that they wiiT hold above three hundred Men. Others are paiTible hiif a Mile or more, under the Oroui)d ^ ani 'there's one in Col Sharp*s Plantation, that ka$. a Sireans of Water runningin it above a Qjarter 6ft Mile from its Mouth, like that inOkn-Hole ntatWm in Sonmjetflfin, To thefe Caves the Negroes ofbon flf ^ from the Fdry of their Mafters, when they are c6rp{^ r^iofus to themfelves, that their Guilt defe^ves a f&o"^ verb PaniOiment. They hide themfelves th'ere(bme> times for Weeks together, and never ftir out but at Night. Thefe Cavities are very onwholfom.*, be- caufe of the Damps. 'Tis thought the Chdrme(m liv'd in them, when they inhabited thislfland^ bui 'tis a Qijeftiod whether any Charibbeaas ever liv'd there or not. * ', There are few pablick Buildings in Barbadoes, The Churches, Council Houfe, and the Governour's Seat,^ are all that ran properly be foterm*d. The Churches are all handfome, regular Buildings of Stone, the Pe^^s and Pulpits are of Cedar, and all the Or- naments as decent as any vjfhere in the Britifif Em- pire. The private Buildings are not fo ftately as one wouid expe£l from the Riches of the Planters. There are many high Hoafes, and fome low ones \ for fuch as built inunediately after the Great Storm in 167S* were foatorehenftve of another, that they lowered their Buildings *, but tkofe who have built fince them, not having thofe Apprehenfions, have rais'd their Houfes to three andT four Stories his^h, and the Rooms are as lofty u in England, Hung Rooms are very (carce here*, for the Walls are fo dampu occafion'd by the Molftneft of the Air, ' .h ^ Gr+ that H r X 18 Wii$^0ij rfTkAkiAi$^ that die Hangings would fik>n rot. The Planteirf ftady Convenience more than Magnificence intheit Baildin^s, whidi are generally neat, and fit for the Habitations of Gentlemen : They are tirdwithPUi- , tiles*, and the Oat-hoafes and Negroes Hats are to- fer*d with Shingles. What other things relating to it. are worth Ob- ferfation, will fall under other Heaos^ andweiJ^H dofe this with the feveral Divifions of the Countrv, as *ti^ divided into 5 Precin^s, containing 11 Partlh* Churches, and one Cbappel of Eafe. f In St AftchaePs^ or i^r^/^ff Freeing, ar^ SuMchaiPs, 7 St. George's^ and> Parifliet. SuJoMTSy 5 In St. Jam9s% or the HoU Plrecin£|, •3 t I S I In St T$tir\ or Spnghfi Ptecinft, •S \suTttir\ with 7 iM Saints Chappel, and > Pariihes. InitibcWeft.] StZ*9'$J In St. jindrew Overhilts, or Scotland Precinft, t In Ofime*s ?tec\n(k. In the C Chri/t awcL and lp.r«iK*i. Paft. i Su Philip%^ y^^^ * € .1 ■ CH4B. ThMfiiHrj pfB&uMdocs. H CHAP. IIL Of the CUmMii^ Soil^ snd ilt FroiuSiiom. n llAving thus given a GeograpMcal Account of tht '--'' Ifland in its prefent State, we come now to treat of the^ Soily and its Proda£lions. We may imagine, that thismaft be one of the moil fraitfal Soils in the World, fmce at the firft ufms it with Sugar Caqes, it broQgbt forth a confideraDle Crop yearlv, from 3 Years 10 nine, without furdier iganting, but only weeding, and keeping it dean* Tho 'tis not now quite fo fertile as before, (and how can it be exped^ed after it has been fo much worn ?) 'tis yet fo apt to produce, that with a little cultiva- ting, it ftill brings forth a Treafure that feems fcarce credible to fuch as are not acquainted with the Trade of the Ifland, every Acre, one with another, yielding, 10 /. a Year Profit to the National Stock ofEngf^md^ befides what the Planter gets, and the many thou- ftnd Mouths that are maintain*d there and here out of it Tts blefs'd with fuch a productive Faculty, that Um Soils, if any, exceed it. Some Parts of it are however poorer than others^ as about the Bridge^ the Earth is fandy and light \ and in Scotland and St (ifor^f's Parifli, near Mount /MRriy, ?if\A AUddlt" tm Mount, the Mould is rich. In moft Phces 'tis t light ipungy Mould^et fo fertile, that it bears Crops all the Year long. The Trees, Plants, and Feilds are always green *, ibme of its Productions always in Bloilom, and Fruit on others always hangini^ on the Trees *, there being at once to be leen in this Ifland the verdant Beauties of the Spring, and the mature Glories of the Summer. The Inhabitants are always planting or fowingt but chiefly in Ma^ and November^ which are tho Seafbns for fowing and planting Indian Corn, Pota- toes, Yams, &c. There was at firft no particulat Seafon for Sugar Canes, all were thought to be alike fiivourable to Aeiii^ and indeed my (hriv'd wonderfully^ but fincethe Ground has wanted cultivating, by being fo much worn for ib long time, the Seafon for plan^ ing Sugar C^nt^'n fsom Augufi t6 th^ latter end of ^4* nirifry, as will be (hewn in another Chapter. This Commodfty is the^hief pf its Prodo£ltonf ^ the others are Indigo, Cotton, and Ginger. There was formerly Logwood, Fuftick, Lagnum Plt^u and there are dill Variety of Trees, PU^ts, Frujt^ and Herbs. Of Trees. The Phyfick Nut is much talk'd ofy being, (r^^Ugon^ of ferpoyfonousa Nature, that no Animal will approach it, and therefore *tis made ul« of in Fences. He adds, it grows i8 Foot high ^ which is not true, for rarely it grows above ■ « or 9 Foot h!gh> and is generally reckbn'd a Shrub, noe a Tree. There's nothing poifonous in it^ but the. fjeaf in the Nut \ which, like other Phyfick, if ta- ken to Excels, might be mortal ^ but if us*d mode-' rately, is only a gentle Purse. This Nut is often eaten. Leaf and all, and Beaits browfe often near it, tho not upon it. The Poifm Tree is as h\a as the hoculi:\ and looks very beautiful. Its Jufce, 'tis faid, will ftrike a Man- blind, if it happen^ to get into his Eyes : and *tit reckon'd very unhealthy to (bind under its Shade \ vet of this Tree |he Inhabitants (ir(l us'd to ifnake their Sugar Pots, afterwards of Cedar, and now of Earth. Tho the Sap of the CaiTavia Tree is Poyfon, yet the Planters make Bl-ead of the Root of it for .their Negroes : They grate it, aind prefs the Liquor out of tt as detn as poflible, then bruife it, bolt it, and bake it, for the ufe we have before mention*d \ and this Ca&A via Bread is reckon*d one of the mod noa- riflting Foods they give their Slaves. Coloquintada bearti a beautiful Fruit. The Rind fmooth, of feveral Colours^ as the green, murry, yellow, and Carnation in ftreaks. This if not very common now. CalTia Fiftula, a Tree of the qoickeft Growth of any, it having been known to rife n Foot high in a Year*f time. The Palp of the Fruit of it is Phy fical, and made ufe of by the Apothecaries in BvgUmd kit. iti purgative Faculty. The Leavis la F^grm art like 4 Beach Tree, ' JHe The TiWiMurintf tree was #{{ 'plintcd In sii^ badoiSy about three fcofe Yesir^ (ihciey being then brought from tfie Indies ; ais wa$ alfo the f%im. Tree, fiimoos fc)ir the wine and Oyl it pri>^ duces. . ' " ,' E)r. 5r»^> writes, that he Was credibly inform^, Lowth. there was a Palm Tree ii^ this Idand 300 Foot high \ Abrig, but I am as credibly inform'd there never was any Voi^, fuch thing, 7. 5S4- The Fig Tree'liears a fmall Fn^it," little regarded by the Inhabitants* Its Trunk is as large as an or- dinary Elm. The Cherry is lefs *, its Fruit uT^Icfi and irifipid. Th^fe Fig Trees fhoot Beards or FibreT out of the main Trunk, which root in the Gi^ounS "Ri^s^ by Miftake calls the PaviUtm or Tent Tree \ foj^ that Ifland being .a Defart, it had Room there to grow to what Bignelg it could. The fkiftte are to bt met with in Guinea. The Citron is a fmall Tree, but bears a large Fruit, the Weight of which often pulls it down to the Ground*, the Stalk is of a darkifb Colour, the Leaf like that of a Lemon, of a d^rk green Colour, With the Rind of this Fruit the Ladies of Barbadpes make the fineft Cordial in the World i that which is imported f6i; Sale is not fo good as what they keep for the^r Clofets; which, they taking Care to have t% the Ingredients good, is infinitely above the choicefti , Wkters at Philipis ^ and the Veau de Barbade^ as the nice People aflfea to call their Citron Water, wotild without doulft be efteem'd more than any of his coftly Cordials, did it not come from our own Plan- tations. This Tree alfoj by the Peel 6f its Fruit, furnilhcs the Planters with another valuable Commodity* their Succats, or Swektmeats •, which are extraorainary fiood, and excel any the Confectioners make in Lm* aoHy when they are well pri.par*d : Indeed, in the Art of confervins and preferving. ilie Barbadoet Ladies outdo the beit in England'^ for which thev have the Advantage of the fineft St^ar, and the fineft Fruits that Nature prodoces, and Abundance of ex- CfUent ^•xl MHt- extent Lcave^ Roots, c^. to pisHl^ <|B^ty whol(bmc>«nd ptcqaauit. .,?> i^ tbM^lifit^ tlwr^ inay as e|fi)y, have Wallu of Oitne^ Lonoiii, or Citron Trees, for Avenoesto ^leirlleats. ai the Couiitry Oetid^mi^n,^ iiv the 0>iihties aSoatXav<^ )uive Royyi otLiine \qx of Eim Trees, at a grater Diftance ii^bttl the Cit Aiid when we confider that thefe Trees are al illways either coyer'4 with Bi^ffixn^ or Imden wi Fjniir; wc cannot but envy the Inhabitants tif lleafure of thefe delighrfai Walks and fra- graiit ^ides^ where- the Evening ^0ree2es fcatter a Siouland Sweeti, . and perfiime the Orbyes with Va- fiety of odoroas Sniiells. The DeTcHf>tion of oie l^Ufim Fields, the Garden of the Htfptridts^ and all (to is lovely and charmins in ^e .Pinions of th^ ancient Poets, are but faint Imaget of this real Par fadice^ and 'tis impoffihle to keep within the Bounds of the Gravity of an Hiftorical Stile, when we treat of fuch a tempting Solitude. They have all forts of Oranges and Lemons, fweet, ibar, and Sirv^i in Abundance *, the Fruit of which is large, and tha jfoice delicious ^ ths China is not ib apt to furleiL as thme that come ItohaSpam^ the Framncy or the Lemon Juice is as remarkabki as ^e Beauty and Bignefi of the Fruit. ' The Ume Tree m ^ <^ a ;^rQefi QoIoqi^ iniit wiiH Olive im ^durfoj tike Fruit it At Mi ai « MelioiH orniber bkgiiu a»if<«, or Sliei^ XJ^monL ajre fredafint liegfi ioi a^MM Umei^ butiiotofloi]|achUfiQrPrQ|(iiitiiB other. , ■■: ■ jVwl There are (^verai oth^ Treet and ShiiiDiAlf bear Fruit aKo^ (^ which ^ naoft valoahleart^ a'gi feUPork. The (juaver^ according to Mr. Xtfflff^ relemblet a Cherry-tree \ the Fruit of it is at big is a final) Jbe- iBpn ) the Rind as thick as a Lemony but kift^ aii4 of a deliciite. Ta0. 1% endofes a pulpy Subflance^ full of rmall Seeds lil^e a Fig» Come whlt% and Gam$ of aftammel Colour within ^ the Fruidi have differ^l Tifts \ and we are told, that if the Seeds are eateoi where^ever they are evacuated again, they grow* which in the Infancy of the Settlement didMiichiet to the Pfantations v for the Cattle eattofi thenwdropt them again every where, to the: great Incainbaiifil of the rafture-Ground. this Fruit is like a Oaince, and the Tree hat been town to bear at halta Foot high, as well at at it Foot high. It makes the beft GeUy and Marmnlat in the World, hoth much beyond that of the Quince. We muft not omit the CocoTr^e, which growa 20, 30, or 40 Foothi^^ the Branches (hoot ton in feveral parts of the Trunk, with Spaces between them. It bufliet prettv mucn at the Top, aad tht greateft Qiantity of Bought growing there^ ocafl* Oft ff « J^ ort the Goco Tree's always ftooping. HmJ Nuts grow where the Idwer Branches iprout out, and ate ttf feveral Sizes, hioft of them as big as Jt4arge Foot- Bali ', the Skin of theiki is green without *, they hav^ a pulpy Subftance between that and theShellf which when it is dry, is liktHefftphunis, oir the Rind of the Mangtave-tree, whole Bark baling well order*d, Aakes ftrong Ropes V the Shell 5 the Coco is Dear half an fnch thick*, thofe that gather the/4^/&ii5f Plantation. The Planters of this Ifland finding it thrivesmWell ti&ere as m Jamaica^ or Hifpaniola^ vtitl no dobbt take Pains to raife it. The Fruit .beihg one of the mod valuable Commodities that comes from j^eri- '<«9 we jhall treat more particularly of it in the Hi- ^<»J of Jamaica, The Cuftard Apple bears a Frait as big as the lar- feft PSmewater *, ^tis of the Colour of a Warden : t muft be kept a Day after 'tis ^her'd, before it fliould be eaten *, then thofe who eat it, cut a Hole big enough for a Spoon to enter at the End, and the Pmp of it is fo like a Cuftard, that thence it took its Kama This is Lfgon^s Defcription *, but he is not always to be depended on : For the Colour of this Tree is a fine,^ clear red -, and the Fruit is fo ordinary, that none but the Servants and Nesroes eat it. The Maccw Tree, remarkable only for its Figure^ being (luck all over with Prickles : 'Tis about the fize of an ordinary Willow *, neither Man nor Bead dares touch it. Here JJgen draws us into an Error again, ilgkin. for *tisas highai aCbp« Tree^ fomeofffUch are aooat 40 Foot high. ^he MangraveTree is a Shrub, bat {breads it ftlf to a great Width. It drops a fort of Gum, which han^s together like Ificles, one drop after another, till it touches the Ground, where it takes Root, and encreafes the Bulk of the Tree. If all this may be teckon'd to be one Tree, the Mmt^ave Will hide a Troop of Horfe ^ which however may be better faid of the Fig-tree before-mention'd. The hdiaas make Ropes of the Bark, and Threads as fine asFla^ to weave Hammocks, The Calibajh Tree bears a Fruit as big as a Gko^ round as a Ball, and of a fine green Colour. It grows To clofe to the Trunk, that till'tis puIl'dFor cut off, one can perceive no Stalk that it has. The Shells are employ'd for feveral Ufes. according to their feveral Sizes y fome for Dilhes, feme for Cups, foree for Balbns, and the largefl for Pitchers and ^ails \ there being many of them that hold s or % Gallons. There are other Trees that bear Fruit, as the An* Chovie Apple, the Date Tree, the Poifonous Cane^ and the Bay Tree, &c. But not defigningthisfora* Natural Hiilory, we fliall tire the Reader no furdier about {he Fruit Trees and Shrubs. Of ail the Trees in the Ifland, the Cotton Shrub might be made to turn to moft Advantage, as will befeeninthe Chapter of its Trade. It grows up to the height of a Peach Tree ^ the Bark is of a brown- iHi Colour, the Leives (mall, divided into three Parts : It bear A Flower about the Bignefs of a Rofe, under which there are three little Green fharp-p<^- ted Leaves that encompafs it round. This Flower confiftsof ; Leaves, of a bright yellow Colour, that have feveral Purple Streaks towards the Stem, and a yellow Button or Crown, fnrrounded with Fibres of^ the fame Colour. The Fldwers are fucceeded by a Fruit of the fame Colour, as big as a Walnut Shell y when 'tis ripe 'tis black on the Out-fide. In thefe Pods the Cotton is contain'd \ and afToon as they are ripe they will openofthemfelYes, the Sun cracking them. 9? The H V ) itiq^ iUI»'tifii^|lw#!e »m: craclMng them, tfcbv o- fot^ind oiit fil<0|VtKe Cottwi -, 'tis^enrJne. i»«o^ pl«^ mit fei^i% «]f;^|^ltar it Mifc the Ctsrdckigi, 6r %#biad be loft V 'tit excellent for Qailting. The TimNr Trees in BarhatUestit asfoUovfit Thcf Jrft a^ toeAof the Forreft is very (HsmoKn Ste, tful that k the Ccd^r Tree \ *tis the moft li(^ Tinaber In ^ Iflan4» fttong, Ufting, li^^a^ fiMribit Balldliig*. There have bm great Qjlait^ titia of it ibt to England^ for Wainlcotiog SiCRir^ Q^ l>nmm% Chairs, and oth^ l|oa(hoid'|Fiir'. ilitere ^ but thi^ SnieU, which is Co plealingto mm^ hfii0^min!^i>^ others^ added tQ'the^^M>ft* \m te^*4 its I cooHlng ib much in Fafliipn^ as other* Thie JLeavfiv o^ ^'^tee are lUEe tbbfiTtif lOiAflk^ il€rows ibiliei^ei to a prodigious Bigne(s, snd M Ifimber has Ial4 fo weU, that Col AUtJM vMim 400 /. of one free, a Sum hardly credible to an Eq?t g)i^ Header -, but the Truth of it^is not to be qoe^i- on'4 the Author having received thelnfofmati^ ftojPlaOentleman of Worth and Honour^ aOdl^- ^irelated toMr. .^^^Kryrfr* The Mailick Tree growstoa.vaftlieigh^ Tome ro Foot high, "und in Bignefs prdporfioiiablf;' ^The Timber of it is us'd for Wind-mill Work v as is alio tbatofthe BuUevfree. which is fomethuiglers, aadi b»Mrs « Fruit like Bullae^ in En^and^ whence it lakes i^ Name V and the Locuft Tree, growing in Form like a Tufcan Pillar, thickening at the Fool^ anii leiiening by degrees to the Top of it. Tbe Tim- ber of it is lafting, and feryes for many Ufesin 4>uii« dipg. There's the Baftard Locuft,, the Iron Wood, (0 call'd from ib Weight and Hardnefs ^ it grows verj taU; blo0bms twice a Year, in March uid Sepnm^ ber ) the^ Wood is of a dark red Colour : TheXw* jwrwvir* Tree^ Red Wood, Prickled Yellow Wood, and thePalmetos, the Leisand theBoyalPalmeto.^ the Le& Palmeto grows aboijtt le Foot \ thet R<(^al Pafmeto from 100 to 360, and is one of theiiE^fiyft ftately Trees in the Univerfe. At 1 2 Years Orowth 'tisfal]l6|K''i> Fbot high. Atj^6 Years Growtli i8a Fbot^ ^«nd 4t ad (^ Ylear^ Growth, when iiiPerfe^ Aiorif' ^^o9 Foot high, and bat three Fboo Diameter | th«^Bir(h or Head Bo Foot rbtincl^ith> Leaves are i8> Foot longr 2fld yet the Roots ^re no bigger, than Swans Quills, nor the Fruit than Frendc OpjjKsL ■ '■<.•. i., ■ •The: Plants that! grow- in Barbadoes, tire Ginget^ #hofe Kbot ihoots £)rth Blades, in Shape not anlike thofe of Wheat when *tis ripe. The Roots are dug* flp and fcrapM by the Kegroe?, to dear i t jof the out- Wli^cSkin, and kill the Spirit, othferwife 'twould be ilviay^ ^towing. Thofe that have Hot Hands enougk to Icrape it, are forc'd,* to fcald it ^ which Ginger will pirbve liothing near To good as uie other, 'twill beiashard as Wood V whereas the fcrap'd Ginger if white, and foft : And accordingly fcalded Ginger is ^d 4.6'^fr' d'(p»lj cheapei^ than fcrap^d. r ipjsil Pepper, of which there are two forts.; one of therjii fo' like i Child's Goral, as not to be di{cern'd, from it at two Yards Diftance. The Colour of it is t Crimfoh and Scarlet mix*d *, the Fruit about two Inches long: The other, or the Bonnet-Pepper, is of the fame Colour, and fhincs as much, out 'tis fhap'd like an old faihion'd Cloak Button. The Quality of both the one and ths other is the fame, and both are fo ftrong, that when they are broken, there comes forth fuch a Vap6ur, as will fet all who are near it a Coughing, afcdr the Pepper is remov^. The Spaniards love it to fe^iou their Sawces, and it hasfuch a violent Houghgoe with it, that Gariick is faint and cool to it. There are alfo Cucumbers, Mellons, itf Inches long, Water Mellons, like an Apple for Colour, cooling, and good for the Stone. Thvjre are Grapes^ but not fo good, and in fuch Quantities, as in the Northern Colonies. The Plautine Tree, or Shrub, bears a Fruity which the 'tis not very delicious, yet is of as great Ufe as any in the Ifland, being the moft nouriSiing Food that the Negroes eat Tis of a fwift Growth, and the manner of it extraordinary, thtte or four Sprouts come out of one Root, ana one of them getting the ftart of the reftj ke^s. its.Saperiority, yol.IL li and n 1" ■ gro^ thtf €)ii£^l3ttivte]iiM9iilovii!ii;C^ jMUHenr> ones comt ftft^lniJi^ pmcQs$ Itfatfy rife npir^^f ^ Fike^« tke Pilmecosdo y anckas Ihc S|i« fifl^m^m$ When the Plantine Tree is 8 or ioFoo|dl^i|fe 'lis St Its iuU:digbefi^ afid^Athea^tbe U»Vfi(ftrf to fob) after Tflii^h tl^ey fhi^tK^ tnori; l^le Fftii( ^dws nnidi likea Long^B^tVGJCtpling-lrtin v ^titl yrftewiivlien 'tis tipe. The Ifegnws don't lo^rit/^ well tiwnL. as iwhile^ti^ grefh ', tfieyitlen boiJllly 41 rofembliis! ^ o^a St^MetiCddor^ theSiieaykD«^<»bto«I, im4 The Banana Milikk thclBaptfioii^ the.Bp4y tUfl leaves, etrebciivg that dieiite^ a^ fooiejthlnig )f is, aiiid the B6dn has hece aild th^ fonse bHfkiOl Sp<«s) 'tis of a ftintC^k^Ji',: With^^ Mixcuf e<]r tha Af^\ the Fririt ftatids oiit-risjht^like a ^neh of Puddings, each 4 01 5 Inches long v 'tis fweeoer thaa the Plantine, eatt well 'fteWdorpteftry'd, both ii» Lookand^ntftnbtlihlikeaQliijclr* TheNagroefe don't like it ib^Uas the Plantine, bcoaofi^ fti^mfet^ fhey hjiYiiig an . Averfiou to fiurtfct^lhins^ if my Au*. fhor » ndt ivHAalccn, ifqr i «itf inioriii'd they ars^ vfery fiir firoin hi^ott siii|^r« ' . , ; r:f rTv^ ,.. r. s In the FiUit, .When 'Bs cat its yoi «k>dl« E|t9oC of Fern, foUiid afpretd ^a^rle^ .foafee thellv^WKer prefentation of Chnft upon tne OctA^ Afi^kii^i jisngtng dovytr, the Arms extended tD, a mil Length, With fottielittk Elevation, and tht Fleet crofi on^ up* on another. si; •;< toiljt . ^ Thiis feveral Author^ have written *,. but I hav« been told by feveral Gentlemen, tiiat. there if nq vtanner of Repireientation of a KUniane Figure % 'tis 'true, there's a fort of a Crofe, and Fancy m#y fnp» ply the Wait t of the Keprefcnution. « The lad and beft ut all the excellent Fruity we tiave nani^ is the Pine^ 'tbs mod beautiful and pYeafant of alK Nature's ProdudionSi The Fru^t is Almoft ot the Colour b( an AbdcotnOt full ripe, it 'ttticriipuwi^lliorr tf Att «kMs, faf foil of Pot liioreof ftufh Forms anci Cokmrs, a$ renddri S^hk to the Eye^ aitid »f e tflf^g tp the h eea Ma& to doit, tht Smdl of this Fruit isextrtirialj fragrai^^ «l|ft "J^ never J^om to be above 4 Foot hfghijiiid tb Fruit is lonietiiiies 14 Inches long, and^ DiaMCte.' tiq^ «re two forte) the Kiiig andQp^ Rnc^'a^boQi ^inted With to taifif dilktdtit dorious Coh^t^ that it makes a moft eharmitig f^ofpe^ to tiliQ . The Taft of it is WondtrfuHy ptt^ni^ Ihatp and f^9^ altematiiJiBry) and both iti a vii^Jri^h l^r^e. IfhePttcrureit gi^es Isfdddidous ^dHNiihelan itlme To refrtfl&gi that i^ ttanfpor^ ppHif c whotaftesit ^ ioti lU! Tlidfe M- mui^ cfffier Plants pro0«r ibr Phy* lick] or t^ood, i u 4kt3^ 'which b^a bauti^ Plant I the Leaves art ibttr Inches bJNMid. and i Qnarter of an Inch thick, and a F^i'manhaff loag^ With pdcktes on each fide» ^ Odv of thefe tjtaves. when they are ci% the Alddftjirue. Th^ Trees in this Ifiind conttoue fi^«eti jjilF^t Yeart and at whatever time they are lop*dluid cut, th^ IproutoKt again. theSenribl<(»!940l srrhen you lime will open\ Dumb (^e^jtff.%]i|e9tly .met. with. Jii^r;..allb noft forts of,iengW:P!3tii«hc fo great Rates, that they are forc'd. to fend to th9 ]^orthern Colonies for Indian Com. . That }Part of the Ifland caU'd the Ch^mpaij^^ and that call'd the Thickets^ are entirely planted^' with Corn. There's many thoufand Acres of Lahd lies wafte for want of Hands to cultivate it. The I ^^ilhCom is. generally fent thither firom England' in Flower. Indian Corn is fometimes fold for a /. f ^ and fometimes lo j. a Buihel, but commonly 5i.aBufhe^ There's no EngUfti Grain cultivated here •, if thert was, there's no doubt but all the Summer Corn would thrive v as Oats, &c, have done, when, for an Experiment, fome Grains have been thrown into the Groand. The Seafons for Planting Indian Corn are chiefly in Mm and Novembtr *, but 'tis alfo planted all the Year, from May to January. Orchards and Gardens are rare in this Ifland, and they are at very little Labour to cultivate any tbiT'g befulej Sugar-Canes, and tU Commoiiities ^ ' ^ I that ibl ip9t n(i^^0fl^ (f BaxbiSdt% ^ that Me fit &^ a &>mie Market Ka'tprefiail JoAIC' 9x4 CQiUintieft to dp ib nliichfov them," tint t|i(^ take the lefs Pains todo^^r themfelvci ^ and itped*^ diag^oii Ht^ Bounty, and Supplies ftomEttglmHL anotlie Nofftkni Colonies, they content thenifeW<» with what {he produces, which is enough.^o Hlt^' fy the Deflm of the mod luiiailottB Ti^in%e World ', Co delicattt, and (b richaretheFrui^bf thil Uttle, bat lovely I flandk As to the QtiAaiie, orte would think^ ^ItsSittiJh tion, ^at 'tis ititdleraUy hotv ^^ iM(^ ^< Months in the Year, the Heats would be ittOmpor'- talile^ were it not for the fireih Breezes Whidfrifti^ with the Sun, and blow freihtr ii the Su^r geii^ The Place k fenfibly cooler fmce *twi$ 'twas jrcckon*d the healthieft inana in Amtrka: XxW about the Year loi. when (bme Forces were mp% %^Ckim^ to go ti(ion the Btpedkion againftAAr- Thrfc Regiment! carryM with them « 0elli« lential Ferrer, with which the whole iflatMhfimfl fo iniefted, that in the Coorfii of id or i) Yenr^ it carry'd off above a third part of itt Inhabi- tanti, and deftrov'd moft of the Seamen, at well in the Merchant Men, as Men of War, tnatcaniio^ thither. The dreadfol Tornado*!, orHurrianet, that wf^ to threaten this Ifland with a general Ruin, are not fo frequent as formerly ^ and the Diftemper whicll was caird. the Sicknefs^ is fo much decreas'd, that > the I (land begins to recoiver its former Reputation for Health. . ? From the Situation of the Place, it folk>ws of I Confequence, that the Length of the. Days niuft be very near equal*, and the Sun rifes at Sir, and fets at SiiTi or in left than half an Hour befoit -lo J^iiVi». -rr*^ .'liilTiitii < . ♦ i&'Ifnf-'SS.i^^.^^^ orry ^f or xf|9o. fouiifi W$}SAf yf ^^^ ^9. W Bridi9^ anci bring lu good a' LGMullfohulRaiUM^^ 8jMU^&oroit. • Ijorfci the InmbiJii:^ h»K9 frofl; ten§/M for ij^ Coach« i *f^ jfof i ^¥« a^n ^4*!!^ *"? ' ' feed own fa^if^ and tlMJ Keri J/landj^ ana Qtraffau, w •; ' \ i, , ..,Wi«»t Apj^cftfctp'dtlwre, f^^ijf»yi«bM^d to fm vfim WonfS, but now they have al- prpfifl Wmi NfwBufftd. Their owti are metttelortiej fvylft^ ao^ hardy, b|it.fi3|^)| llfd[^ppt vei^y i^ll4%me. .. .^Oljsn, mUt an^ Cowsl were brought from the m%vi A^ Uii Bm0foifa^ to the brft Planters. Tt^tr Pofteri^y at\d $pcce(rors breed all now v for it .Ka« b^n foun^ tb^t the bla(jc Cattle brought from foreign Parts "ck off the Pitch and Tar with theic pwn Hair, whidi never palTcf thr^* tbeoii but |dl OCcafioni tiiil ii^tk fc^ iof theiii lining; wlfcildi«f 'X comeaflibre... , f The Binrbado^rtdt^^k^ tMMg BrtiiBl|*» the^f fiildom cat their BaHs, bat yoke them, and pat ^em . to,thfi^Cartv.4s-4hey-dQ alfo Cows and work them there, and in their Cattle*Mills, of which there are not vmj now^ th^ n;tainer Ibrt, who want Negroes, only nialun^isire^of wtm. The Bulls are io well taught, that they will work very or- i^egies^'ik Afe4 are Nrt^trabrdiAriilefaipIn carry ing.SogarEttQiijhe .SrUfjfUK "^efkiw^s will run along with their Burthen, in Waya where Hor- fes cannot pafs. The fotui^ will pick and chcfife their Wav JaAtfif any dfe;rfmm two?5P 5 roes can herp hi^bp*,thef w|ll'cair^ from oh^^hun- red and an hal^. tq two'Jnlijflrod 1/V^ightjc * ThiJ jifne^es weire; btdiight t!tfther,.as well as t^t^ Cattle. • ^ ' *, - ^ . ' ■ • ■■ t'' •-•*•' This Iflaiid hayin^^n'o Hvini^Greatuire in it Bl^er than a Hogi tiltthc EngliUf fettled theire^ fio^i ivere in fuch .^i(traordinary f lenty; that the En*- gtifli ' wer^ tnore peAer'd' Mti Htv^dr by them ti tlieir firfl lanat/g.. TisthdAghfAey were left ibere i)y the PoriuS^ toT^eed, and fuppW tfeehi ivlth^Proyifibh^^ iH their. Paflige^tQ andf nrbni the -The Hogs the Portuguele landed thetc, muttli. ply'd^ in a J(w Vears, fofaft, that the whtfle !()and coulcfhaifdiynAaint^in them'i tht Ei/ropeoHS a^ri^Cbd' rtbbems ciwt frbm the other Iflai^ds to hantthettf i and the ErtgYilh thooght'to hav^ given it the Ntiiif of, Thel/leofl/ogt, The flefh of thefe Hogs, ai the inhabitants have mended the Breed, is extreamiy delicious, and for* paffe^ the be/t Porx in Eurvpe:, they are fome iarge^ and forte little, Iwt all' good. ' ? Sheep don't thrive well in Sarbadois^ yetthew are f6me whpfe Meat is not fo (imdly as oow )ti £«»- land. There is greater Plenty of Goats, pidch of the fame Natare with the iVelJhf the Flefh f^f^ing like that of the IVelJJl; Goats. Monkeys and Ra^ooi)i| are there in abundance. ' . ' >< • u B? TTic Birds of diis Place, &is an Author, who 1W*d' fin the Iflind, are hardly worth the^Minsof de(crl-' bfftg. Thebiggeft they have^thereisa BulTard, le6' AantheEnglittrGrey-Boirard^ fwiftc^of Wing, and fthrtceahle to the Planter, hy deftroying the Rsts^ ilfhfich'Otherwile would deftroy his Cahes^ for there - arrgr^t Nambers of them. iJiciircV gi^eat ftoreof the larger Tartlc-Doiirei^ a mnch handfomer Bird in Shape and Colour tHaii^ the EngUHi Tartie, and mdch better to eat. The- leffer Turtle is « finer Bird> t^sn ih'elarger, ihaydt lilicf'a,^artridge, h<^ Feathers ^rey and red, browfi> tinder her Wingi -■ ' ^••- ^'' ^'^ ;;-J^'i^ ''^ a' :{t ' Thei^'s a Bird in this Tdiii^ like alTbrofli; wKichI Is ifo caH'd ; her l^eathers-alWays rtiill'd, ant herr Hiid han^i%"down> as if her ^Niedt was lurokeq SK* has f6f4 Nottes, Ibftd ^«nd f*wet Another they have Wkt % Wrem the^ cj^IIIi: the Quaking-' thi^ftif a very merry Bird b^ het^ Mdtion/botiM ieldpm or nei^er lings *, ihe has a loi^d^BilL There^s t Black-Bird, (b caird, with «^t« Eyes ^ her: Voic^ harih like a Jm agreatf Devourer of Com iM Bloffoms. JKey fly ift Ftdckf 'of many tioo- 6ndsV they walk, and doh*t hop; Another in Colour like ^ FeUefare: *T)Sj dyiUgett^ call'd w ConnfellouT) keeatft her Hiad fietm ffohg ftrhtr IBodys but her (rue Kame is ^a Loggerhead. She it ^zli^amlv wanton in her Flight,' and (b ftrang? in hff^ Note« that no Voice or Inftmment cm imitate it*, ^tis a Quarter Note, which is a Difco^ery in Mafick that no Majfterfaas yet been able There are- Sjparrewi. Hayfocks^ Finches. Yellovr* Hamcri, Titmice)^ «nd fuchlike Birdi*, for which th6 Ehgliih hati not thought fit to be at the trouble to inv^t Names, theyanre ib little and worthlefs, either for Flefli, Feather^ or Note. ' The mo(t fiimousof all the feather*d Nation in jfmiricOf is ^he Colibrvy or Hummng^Bird^ which, iceording to an ingenious Atithbr; £ admirable for her BtautyJ Shape, Sjnell, which i$ like Musk, and way of Lite; 'tis much lefsthah a Wren: yet tho (he's the leatf, Ihe is the mod glorious of all Birds. ^olne of thefe Birds are no bigger than (he greater I"' ' • forif i^ I '• gpmc of tiiein Uwo ft^c* * ^rigi^t Red uNw mm little E7«s lhiB« lib «1fo fDv^womt m l^ew j? a OirafeWw % tto WwpajB* of jAc /Mj^k is fia^ tbMi A(8_¥«WMaa(li nil* 0qi»»«, I^^urMhm«*^ »amm»Blitd%imn thmwrnn of Cotior? Tiflfi aii)ft^ wpft in ihtM or Ikf^ OrMige Ti?f c, and ar|p wf w^Mtt itf biiUdi«ift,tiifir littU Houfes in th^ Br^ acl;^ Tile 0i(|f iw»y oT^tAwg thf 0%h Is by fliooting H JiHth SudimmiMn$it loribe Dfflrefit: WM? yon life it^ yba tfiiinpt kpep lib for |io bodyf^ tenifliifewifhtheFeod'lisuf'd mt«fd9P09< ( • < 11iisDelcriptia9^ftlrai^raitimii»oa.fbi^^ itttih tiiel&mmiiii^tfdeof ^jmjMvut, ^y^cb iUivf 00 Smell, anlefs'tis what is given them after th^aif ^hed'^ywhetDi^y^lre pcr£l^l^iy^l^lld feet for Pre- immoEtfgM'Thittight Red imdt iiy*ody. • ^■^^^■■' ^' • - — Jhe Scorpions in Barhadoes are>s big as ^ats; tK^will 4CbMbitt,6ie Snakes that attack t&m to eat theni, but they tiways have the worft on't \ they never hurt MaA or' Beaft. Hiere are no Toads or Prpgs. > littrds Wefe ivoreconkmon in thelflana than they zH}$f^^ the Cats having almoft deftroy'4 all of them v 4ey lov*d to be where Men were^ to ga^e in thdrPi^tes, and hearken to their Difcourie t they are not like thoCe in Muropey their Bodies tr« about 4. Inches long) their Tails near as moch, their Heads refembling a_Saake% their Backs are of 4 ^>'''' X ■' ]\\ ■ ■ ■'"..■ ! ■.«"■;, ■■ •. ";■■■«•■; Gra&- , . - «^ alsrgreeii Colour, bkwifii towards the S|(le§|lMiif i«$L.yeUow v they have four f^eggs, and are:^!try vMustetbes Rlnfl-fi^^lljiteP K»gh^^ w4 ^liidM the molt troubleioine Creature theEftgfljfii mt9t,mth.mJbimeit'^ they are like Qnats in Miit |!iiRr^,.'aiidiirehpt (oltfqvL^ntUhBarkathes as iath«! Coipiiies lipoQ thjB Contjinent^ where theroar^ large Fens and Ipw Pikes. ' O}ck*roac|ie6 are about the Bignefs of a Beetle ; If tl\»r happen upon, foand Sleepers, they bite ^^1 t)|dr^|ph Blood 9 and if they awake, and hi|nt them, ^i|fy are lb nimble^ that 'tin not eafy to catch thfem. Breftdtl^ of both your .Hands, together, their Skins aire ra3:*d, as if ^tv^as^onewit'h a Curry-comb.^ Thus itrttight be in Mr. j^i5fl»*s toe, but now 'tis c?r- ttiti, they arc ncpt (9. very mifchievous : , Tis true, . Wh^i-evei: tlfey tbticn. they leave at Stifjg y fndt if;: Childr.ea ggto^B^d with greazyfingers| will nibme tli^jia dWmlrcifilly vtbcy arethe ij^ thiilgli ' ,Merr;wings ate gf fo fmall a Sjije, and (i> thin |urid AeriaL'they <;ar^ ^rdly bp^ difcern'd. but by the Noife o/|liBlr Wings. SvhicV is like a fmaU Bugle Ho«% at-ijgreat. Diitance : Where they (ling, they liiK jiKbb as big as a Peafe, whiciv laAs a whole I>ay. Tn^fe M erciwings^ fo pompoiiOy defcrib'd by Mr. Lkofty are nothing oat: what, wq ca^ Gnats in Lmd^^ aiid Stouts in the Weft-Country. All ta&4s that lie low will be troubled with diem in Summer- time. - * Caterpillars eat the Potatoes, and are eaten by Jurki^^. The Ch«;goes are another little mifcliievous Kind of InfeA *, and there are various ^rts of fmal|er ones, as Ants, Pifmires, &c, but none that are pe- culiar to the Country, and therefore not proper tb be ince^td in this place, unlefs it be the Wood Ant and Maftfck Fly ^ the former of which deftroys the Tim- ber in the Houfes Up6n;a Deal Beam they will build a Keft as big as a Batrel ^ and within 'ti| like a Honey- jCoilfb^ i^ut without any Hone^r ]^ they will eat up an^ ddhot a Piece of EngfiJ» Oik in a vW<#iitil6|^e ; thctt Colour is wbite^ and if they are fqcieezfa, theto comes out a fofc Sabftance of the fame Cblodrv tbey build upon Trees in the Woods, or ill Honfi».: « -; The Mafiicl FlVf which is fo calPd from its de- .ftroylng the Maftick Trees ^ the Smell of it is fo : fragraitt, that it perfumes the Air as it flies by yfitf, .'Tis fuppos'd to deftroy the Tree by a fort of a Ka^ in the Bill, with which it ntakes thoufands of H6fcs in the Tree, fo that there will be Pecks of Daft, like Saw-Duft,. under it. . .-^ -. The Sea of Barbadoes^ if that Part of the Ocean which fuirrounds it, maybe focaU*d, .yields almoft all forts of Fi^ thatt are'cattght elfewhere ^ thofe^hat arc rarely to be feen in* qth^r Parts" of- Uie Worl4 are, the Parrat Fifb, Snappers, red and grey Cap ▼alios, Ttfr^ww, Cbney-fiift. \ The Mullets are reckon^ ^extraordinary gooA of . their kind, and fo are their Lohft^n and Crabs. ' There's a ibrt of Land Crab, which lives almoil always on the St|oar /, they hjide themfelves in Holes and in Houfes, and ibmetimes in Hollow Trees : they are often met upon the Stairs, in Parlours, and Oar? idens, wHere they eat Herbs. In March^ they all come out of their Holes, and march down to the Sea in fuch Multitudes, that they cover a great Part o(F the Ground where they ga Several Years ago the Planters us'd to ride over them in the Roads ', they never eat them, but the Negroes love them, and frequently feaft upon them. The Parrat Filh is about ao. Pound Weight, and well tafted. It has Scales like a Carp, ofa green Colour ^ it has no Teeth, but (harp ftrong Jaws, and feeds chiefly on Shell-fifli. As to tl^e Defcription of the other kinds of Fifii we have meiition'd above, we rauft be fnrc'd to leave it as we found it in general, and therefore can't defcend into Particulars : We are told they are all ex- cellent Meat, and are often ierv'd up to the Gentle- mens Tables of the Idand. As for theTo^toire,we (hall fpeakofit more at large in the Hidory.of Jamaica, aad ihaU in this Place . only lowht ^V^oife kas ^M liepsUi^ iNimhOt.iShdu Iv^le /ovin4 to bf falff \ mtkovih tbe RiHismbtoact of «lie ||vo; Pf awns» and feveril f^HlAt. come 001 of the Sea, aiidisw in die frlfli Pfter^ as'Gophoiii^^iioQksi Place^ and ioaat E^s. t (ilti 'tti i»v. . I {m a fet of Men aH inhabit the dtliac naiitsiA^tlll Wis tlie Iw^merV the I^MTJln^ ^^ MsytiiiXiimch^ thtJMaiys^mSudii^ tS^ f^ tfMiMr/,tlie JtiteypSy the {^mtiites^ tl^ BroM^yk ^ o^crs, w&o^ Families are of th^ Jioft «iici)sii| ^M, \i^ovit9h\t Jxi, MngUmd \ nor mtilt we omit dn& h W, lie came by t^t Imj^^rial HmH ^< M^e iv>t tra fairly- made outi nei^er ^ live there. Wealth and Pleafure, which are ^^n!e^ raUy Strangers, dwell there together^ ^nd anin- duftrious prudent Man ntay grow rich with":^ much Delight, as a Prodigal grows poor in £^^- iand, TTie Chara£ter of this Ifland was fuch, as drew bver'Multitudestoree and inhabit it*, infbniuch that twenty Years ff^r the firll Settlement was mad<^ ihete. the' Militia of the Country were more in» Nunioer than f^t of f^rgima is now, tho the Place Is net a fiftieth rart fo«big. They mnfter'd then) Vxooo tiorie and Foot, as good Men, and as refo*' lute as any in the World t This Number was con(i^ derabh encreas'd afterwards, and in the Year i^rf* whed 9ie Ifland was in its moft flourifliing Gonditioh, durihg Sir JtnathaH Atkins*% Government, there weri^ 20000 Men, ana joodo Souls, all £urop«^nsby Birtfi orDelcent, and Soeoo Negroes^ in aliabove ijoooo Souls ', in an Ifland not much bigger than the Ifleof By this we may fee how much this little Ifle had flourilh'd in about 50 Years. There are few Coun- ties in England that have i^oooo Souls in 'em v and the Kingdom its felf, taken altogether, fell infinitely ihort of the Populoufnefs of Barbadces at that time' •j for granting there are 1 00000 Acres of Land in Sarbadoesy and 40 Millions in England^ as there are by the beft Computations, as Chamberlain^ Hough' ton^Sj &c, England contains 400 times as much Ground as that Ifland, and in proportion, (hould have above 50 Millions of Inhanitants, whereas it has not Eight Millions by Sir WtHiam Petty% and the larceil Calculations. The Number of Souls is fince confiderably decreased IR Barbadoesy as well by the Removal of fcvcralof the moft eminent Planters to England^ where they • have purchasV Eftates, and live in great A/fluence and .Splendour, as by a fatal Difeale, which infe- Acd the whole Ifland. It was, as we have hinted, . brought SSJSf^SI' Tbe Hffiorj cf* Barbadoes. 1 15 bfoiiglit thither ia the*" Year x ^pz . and fwept away (b many of the Inhabitants, Mailers, Servants, and Slavef, that there are not above 7000 fighting Meil, and 25000 Englifli Souls in the Place, norab^e do. or 70000 Negroes, Men, Women, and Children. The Diftemper is' lately abated, and theG)lonv encre&fes in People daily, in which the prefent Health of the Place will, if it lafts, advance it in two or three Years to the happy State it was in for- merly, if they are not too much diicdurag'd from Home. Every Freeholder, and White Servant, able to bear Arms, is lifted in the Militia of the Ifland, which conufts now of about 3500 Foot, and 1200 ftout Horfe \ and thefc are as good, or better, than any regular Forces *, for befides that the GreoUansareSueb Efig^ as orave Men as any in the World, they would cer- '(/&»«» «» tainly fight refolutely for ib rich and ibpleadntaf'^?^* Country. ^ B"bado« We nave (hewn in our Geographical Account of fj-'* ' • the Ifland, how 'tis fortify'd by Nature and Art ^ and that the Reader might not be at a lofs, to know how aline of (uch Leneth, above 30 Miles on the Coaft, is mann'd, he mult underftand, that in Cafe of an Alarm, the Government can arm xoooo ftout Negroes, dextrous at handling a Pike, who would defend thofe Entrenchments agaiaft any In- vader. The Inhabitants are rank'd in thefe three Orders \ Mafters, who are either £»£/i^, Scots^ or /r/^ with Come few Dutchy French^ and Portuguefe Jews^ White Servants, and Slaves: The White Servants are either by Covenant or Purchafe; there are two forts, fuch as fell themfelves in Englandy Scotland^ and Ireland^ for 4 Years, or more ^ and fuch as ard tranfported by the Government from thofe three Kingdoms, for Capital Crimes. The Gentlemen of Barbadoes fcorn'd to employ any of the latter fort, till the late Sicknefsand War had reduc'd them to great Want of Hands : And of the former, feveral poor Mens Children have been driven thither, byNecelHtyor Difcontenf, who be- having themfelves honeftly and laboriSuHy, have trailed thetofclvei. after their Servitude was expired, yoL IL 1 tP Wf^V*" :w^ 'wm4\ i^5pK-,f ^f^ilW ■■ ■•W^ill,^ 114 Ti6v jySfj/f^ to be Mafters of good Plantaticns^ and been the ttot^ ^ king of their Relations 2t home. TheMafter$,Merchanti,ahdPlanta»L live each Hke little Sovereigns in their Plantations ^^mey have their Servants of their Houihold, an^ thofe or the Fidd ; their Tables are fpread «very Day with Variety of itice Diihesy and their Attendants are more nume- rous than many of the Nobility's in England j. their l^quipages are rich, their Dveries fine, their Coaches and Horfes a'hfwerable :^ their 0mx%y Chaifes, and all the Conveniences tor their travelling, magni- ficent The moft wealthy of them, befides this Land- train, have their Pleafure- Boats, to make the Tour . dfthe Ifland in, and Sloops to convey their Goods to and from the Sridze, • Their Drefi, and that of their Ladies, isfiiihiona* ble and courtly *, and being generally bred at London^ their Behaviour is genteel and polite 1 in which they have the Advantage of moft of our Country Gentle- ihen, who living at great Diftances from tmdm^ fi-equent the World very little ; and ^m converfing always with their Dogs, Horfes, aod rude Peafiuit^ Acquire an Air faitable to their Society. The Gentlemen of ^^irWorj are civil, generous. hoTpitable, and very fociable. They were not, till lately, troubled with Faftions and nirties ^ and, to prevent the growing of Divifions among them, in the tiine of the Difira^ions in England^ they made t Law among themfdves, that whoever nam*d the word, Round-head^ or Cavalier^ ihould ^e the Coojpany, at his own Houfe, a Pig and a Tnrky ^ and (ometimesthey would make Forfeitures* on pur- tofe to have an Opportunity to entertain their Neigh- DourSi But this Hofpitality is now almoft loft there^ the Gentlemen learning in England to keep their good things to thenifelves, and to part with them very fparingly : Yet Tome there are, whofe Houfet are ftill free to Strane^.rs, and who receive all with a chearful Lool(, anc open Heart. Their Diet is the fame with ours in England \ they have Beef," Pork, Veal, Mutton, and Lamb, df their own breediiig, or at their Markets, for 7 d* Julf'penny a Pouno^which is cheap there. Their iM*i^*a« 71^ Mftalry of B^Ltbadods. ' ItBcir ftcond Cburfcs arc their Poultry, asTur- kitSy Geefe, Ducks, Fowl, Chickens, and Fifh, which they have in abundance^ by the Convenience of their SituatHn. AH fort of Sawces, as Pickles, Olives, &c. they have from England^ as al(b Tongues. Hamms, An- chovies, Caviare, i^c. Their Paitry, and their Bread, are made of Englifh Flower -, and their Kitchin Servants are as good Cooks as any in £;3!g- Their Deferts are all admirable^ and the very Idei of a Table fpread with their Mellons, Succats and Pines, is tranrportine. ITieir Drinx is chiefly MaderaWme and Water : Of that Wine there are two forts, Matmfey and f^ dortia ^ the former as rich, and not fo lufcious as Ca- nary -J and the latter as dry, and as vigorous as Sher- ry; 'tis red, being colour*d with Trnto-^ theyalfo drink cool Tankards of Wine, excellent Lemony nne Sugar and Sprine- Water, Lemonades made of all the la ft Ingredients but Wine.- The more fanguine People entertain one another with Punch, ma£ of the fa!*ft Ingredients, Lemons, double reBn'd Sugar, Spring-Water, and right French Brandy. The good Husbands ufe their own Manu^fture Ram, inftead of French Brandy. They have alio all forts of other Wines, Malt Drinks, and Cyder, from England, In fliort, the Inhabitants of Barbae d$ts live as plentifully, and fome of them as luxuri- oufly as any in the World. They have every thing that is ftquifite for Pomp or Luxury \ they are abfo- latc Lords of all thin /s. Life and Limb of their Ser- vants excepted, withm their own Territories \ and (brae of them have no lefs than 7 or goo Negroes, who are themfelves, and their Pofterity, their Slaves for ever. Mr. Walter has himfelf above a Thoofand of them, which he feeds every Day : And as he has the greatefl Intereft in the Illand, fo he is equally care- ful to prefer ve it, by providing well for them, and commanding his Overieers to deal humanely and pru- dently by them. «tj l9 Every ts6 The Hiftory of BsiTb2Ldocs. E^ery Dwelling-hoafe, and other Out-hot ' looks like a handibme Town, mod being new bollt >with Stone, and covered with Pantile or Slatj^ brought hither in the Ballafts of Ships, ^s is alio Sea-Coal for Forges) and the Freight being by that means ihsido cheap, there's Plenty enough of thofe Keceflaries. The White Servants are fold for about 20 /. a- piece ', but if they are Mechanicks, for much more. Women, if they are handfome, 10/. Affoonasthe time, for which they covenanted to ferve^ or at the End of which they are free by Law, is expired, they are entirely their own Mafters •, and, during theif Servitude, are treated more gently tha^ the. Blacks, ■ Their Qoathing is made of Ozinbrig Jackets and Drawers, and fometimes of courfe Cloth. The Male Servants have thick Drawers, Shoes, Stock- ings, Caps, and Canvas Waftcoats allow 'd them. And the Females have Shifts, Petticoats, Waft- coats. Shoes, and Stockings, made neat and ler- ' viceaSle. We niuft add to Mr. lAgm*% Account, that the Servants, when they are out of their Time, have 5 /. fur thofe that are Britifli Servants. All others have but 40 /. And as for Female Servants there «re now none, unlefs they are Natives of the Coun- try, and hir'd as Servant-Maids are in Engtand» 'Tis by chance that any come from England to be hir*d,. and no Women have been iold this 20 Years. Their Labour is not very hard *, mucli lefs than our Day-Labourers in England^ and their Encourage- ment much more ^ for if they are good for any thing when they come out of their Times, there are enough will employ them on their own Terms. Their Diet is not fo good, as thofe who have been ns'd to rich Farmers Taoles in England would defure. becaufc they cannot be fed every Day with Beef ana Mutton ', however they cannot complain of any Want^ and the Planters didinguifh them from the Negroes, by providing them Bisket from En^- Itind, The chief of them are fupply'd from their Mafters Tables. The Qverfeers have Tables of their 1% The Wfiory of Barbadocs. their own in the Houfe, when the Owi^er is in Efig^ Umd, The Variety of Fruite, Roots, and Herbs, that grow there, is a great Help to the Servants Diet, in rami(hing them with Sawce and Change, when they are weary of the fait Beef, Pork and Fifti, which is brought them from New-England^ and o- ther Places. The Condition of the JS/^cili is only worfe, becau{e their Servitude is perpetual. There is as much care taken of them, and rather more, becaufeifa Ne^ro dies, the Owner lofes 40 or jo /. . Whereas by the Death of a White-Man. he is at the Lofs only of 2 or 3 Years Wages to anotner. . The Blacks Bufinefs lies mod in the Field, unlefi 'tis tho(e that are taken into the Boiling-Houfe, th^ Curing-Houfe, the Still-Houfe, the Mills, theStore- Houfe, or Dwelling Houfe \ where the handfomeft. ^ cleanlieft Maidens are bred to Menial Services, ana thepropereft, cleaned limb*d Fellows, to be Coach- men, Footmen, Grooms, and Lacquies. Others often are employ'd in hanoicraft Trades, as Coopers, Joiners, Carpenters, Smiths, Mafons, and lkp like. A Slave that is excellent in any of the(e Mecha- nick Employments, is worth 1 50 or 200 /. and I have known 400 /. bid for a Boiler, belonging to Sir John Bawdm's Plantation in Scotland, They are all of them worth from 40 to y o /. a Head, Males *, and anfwerable for Females at this time, occafion'd by feveral Accidents, which will be mentioned inouc Article of Trade. The Slaves are purchas*d by Lots, out of the Gui- nea Ships. They are all viewed (lark naked, and the ftrongeft and handfomeft bear the beft Prizes. They are allow'd to have two or three Wives, that they may encreafethe Planter's Stock by Multiplic.i- tlon : For their Pofterity to all Generations are Slaves, unlefs their Liberties are given them : But 'tis qucftion'd, whether their Poligamy does not ra- ther hinder than promote their multi, lying. Jhe immoderate life of fuch Pleafures enervates and de- cays Men, and no vigorous IlTue con be cxpcftei frofnthenii ^ 1 1 V i?7 •4 ■5f 1 18 Tke Hiftoryof BaAadocs. * If their Female-Shves were treated more gently^ their Burdens and Labour leflen'd, the Pfanterf would in all Probability find their Account by it. m the Encreafe of the Number of their Servants, if every Negro was oblig'd to keep to one Woman, more than now they are fuffer'd to have two^ or more. Thefe Women are very conftant to the Man that panes for their Husband. Adultery is reckon'd the iiioft abominable of Crimes, even by thofe Barbari- ans, who are as jealous as the Italians. As to the Scandal fome People take at the Maftcn denying their Negroes the Benefit of Baptifm, 'tisat groundlefs as the Notion, that their Converfion to Chriitianity fets them free. They and theirs are as much Slaves as before, only (bme more fcrupulous Overfeers might not be willing to handle the Cat-a- nine-tails fo often acainft their Fellow-Chriftians, as they would againft Infidels. The Truth is, few of thefe poor Wretches ftjow any difpofition to hearken to theDoarine of theChriftians. They are fo fond of their own Idolatry, thatunlcft the Government of Barbadoes was impower*d to fet up" an Inquifition, they would never De converted. But fuch of them as defire to receive the Sacrament of Baptifm, are fuiFer'd and encourag'd fo far, that they are us*d more favourably afterwards. Tis true, the Planters are not over forward in promoting fuch Converfion \ for their Slaves, in hopes of better U- fage, wou'd all profefs Chriftianity with their Lips, while their Hearts retained their old Diabolical Ido- latry : Wherefore due Care is taken to enquire into the Reality of their Converfion, before they are ad- mitted to the Holy Sacrament of Baptifm \ and 'twou'd be well if the fame Care was taken clfewhere, to prevent others receiving unworthily that of the Lord's Supper, which is too often proftituted to temporal Concernf. The Negroes are generally falfe and treacherous. Some Inlhnces of great Fidelity have been found a- mftig them, which have been related in the Hiftorical Account of the Ifland \ but for the moft part they are faithlefs, and DifTembters. They are apt to iwell Vith a good Opinion of thcmfelves, onthelea(t oc- caiion Tie fSftorJ 4 Bacbadoei. Cifion for it, to be very ftubborn, are fullen and cru- el, and their Mailers are almoft under 'a fatal Necef- ittjf to treat them iRhumanely, or tlkey would be ua- governable. V Their Numbers render them very dangerouf,' they being three to one to the Whites \ and by their frequent Attempts tojget the Maflery. jone may (ee that the Planters are forc'd to carry a ftri^ Hand o-- verthena.. The Stories that are told oi the Severities they fuf- fer from the Overfeers, are aggravated \ and few En^ifli have been fo barbarous, as they are all re- prcTented to be^ by the Enemies of the Plantations^ tho according to the Nature or Underftanding of the Matters, the Slaves are us'd the better or the worfe. Their Whipping them with Thongs, till they are all a-gore of Blood ^ their tying thein up by their Hands or Feet, to endure fuch Stripes, and the pick- ling afterwarcis with Brine, are Bugbears to frighten Children with, like Tales of ^<^, and Bloody- bones. And yet when we conflder how lazy they are apt to be, and how carelefe, and that the Fortune of their Matters depends almott entirely on their Care and Libour, one can't blame the Overfeers, for puniibing the Idle and Remiis feverely. Some of them have been fo negligent, as by laying Fire too near the Canes, to fet whole Lands of Canes, and Houfes too, in a Flame ^ the knocking out a Tobac- co Pipe againtt a ^ry Stump of a Tr^je, by others of them, has fet it on Fire, and the Wind fanning it, and a Land of Canes being near it, has caught and burnt down all that were before the Wind. Mr. James ' Holduppe^ and Mr. Conftantine Stive- yifr, ieveral Years ago, loft loooo/. by inch an Ac^ cident. Their Diet is very courfe, and yet they are very well contented, being perhaps better than any they had in their own Country. Their choiceft Fare is Mantines, which they boil or roaft, and then eat. They have now, twice or thrice in a Week, fait Fifh, Mackrell, or fait Pork. They have fome Bread made of Indian Corn, of the Produce of the Country, or fetch'd from Carolina, But of this there is not too great Plenty amongft ^ \ ^ them i T19 i«o The fBfiory of B^tHioes. them ^ each Family has a Cabbin belonging to it^ for the Men, his Wives, and Children. They are built with Sticks, Withs, and Plantine-Leavesu which makes every Plantation look like a little^ frkan City« and the Planter's Houfe like the Sove- reign's in the midft of it. To each Hut there is a little Plot of Garden fet out, where the Negroes plant Potatoes, Yams, Cailavia-Roots. &c. They have alfo another fort of Food, caird Lebloiiw made of Maize, the Ears of which they roaft, and then eat it The White Servants are fometimes dieted with this Maize, which is thus drefs'd for them -, Tit pounded in a Mortar, and boil'd in Water, to the Thicknefs of Frumenty, then mefs'd out to them, with fonie Salt. This is a poor kind of Food, and feldom us*d of late, unleis in a time of great Scarcity. If an Ox, Bull, or Cow, or anv fort of Cattle, die accidentally, the Negroes feait upon it, and the White Servants have often not diiclain'd to come in for a Share. All the Inhabitants of the Ifland run fo much upon making of Sugar, that they will not fpare Ground for Paflures, which renders Flefh-Meat very icarce, and fit only for the Mafters Table. The White Servants and Negroes make Cafla- vyand Potatoe-Bread. The Latter many ordinary Planters were contented with a( their nrft Settle- ment on the Ifland^ but now Meal, FloWer, and Bisket, are plentier,, few Mafters will deign to eat any thing but Wheat-bread. The Servants and Slaves Drinks are Mobbie^ brew'd with Potatoes, Water, and Sugar *, Kowwow of Mela(les-Water,>and Ginger ; Perino of the Cafla- vy-Root *, after the old Women had chaw'd the Juice, they us'd to fpit it out into the Water, where in 3 or 4 Hours it wou'd work, and purge its felf of the poifon- ous Quality. The Rootis put in with the Juice, and this Drink is the nioft like the Englifli Beer of any, Tis a very beaftly Preparation, and one would think by its fir.e Talt that it had been fomc more de- licate Drink, • ' ,; .. • ter, tied plea t the one the plea T Plan- The iTtfiwy of Barbadoes.* Plantine Drink is made of Plantines mafli'd in Wa- ter, and wellboyl'd, drained the next Day, and bot- tled; 'twill be fit to be drunk in a Week's time, is pleauint and ftronger than Sack. there's another Liquor, call'd Kill'Devil^ made of the Skimmings of Sugar, 'tis ftrong, but not ver r.y pallatable, and feldom falls to the Servants Lot. Pine Drink is made by preifing the Fruit, and ftraining the Liquor*, it ihould be bottled : This is one of the beft Drinks that the Ifland affords ^ the Planters themfelves will often drink of this pleafant Liquor, and when 'twas firft made, 'twas com-, par'd to Ne^ar, The Negroes have often large Drams of Rum gi- ven them to hearten them at their Work ^ and a Pipe of Tobacco and a Dram is the moil acceptable Pre* fent that can be made them. They are rung up every Morning at ^ a Clock, and at eleven are fet to Dinner \ at one they are rung out again to the Field,^ and muft work tiU fix. JTheir Mens Cloathing is courfe Woollen Jackets, or O^Ltnburgh Waft-coats and Drawers. Thai Wo- men have Petticoats and Waftrcoats of the lame \ the Men Monmouth Caps, and the Women the fame. They had formerly alio in fome Plantations Rug- Oowns to wrap over them when they were hot ^ which Guftom was introduc'd by Col. Walrondy ind is much better than burning out their Lungs with Rum. Sundays are the only Days of Pleafure to the Negroes V and the moft induftriousofthem, inftead of diverting ^hemfelves^ orrefting, as 'twas intended theyihoul£ fp^nd it in making Ropes of the] Rind of certain Trees fit for that u(e, which they fell to other Servants, Whites or Blacks, for what Neceifa- ries they can furnifh them with. There's a great deal of Difference between the Negroes \ thofe that are born in Barbadocs are much more ufeful Men, than thofe that are broucht from Otimea, Mr. Ligon could not make this ObSrvation, the Colony' was too young •, but the Creolian Negroel *?ceyery way preferable to ths new Comers, (which tti $22 The Hifiwy of Barbadoef. they ca!l Salt-Water Negroes) whom they defpife; and value themfelves much on being bom in Barhi^' does. The Children that come over young from jifrica are alio better Servants, when they are grown up, than thofe that come thence Men or Women, As for their Living : By the Allowance of Ground, which the Mafter allows them, they have Opportu-> nities to fow feveral Roots and Plan^ to breed Goats, Hogs, and Fowl, which they either fell or eat themfelves \ and ibme of them, by their Induftry, especially if they are Mechanicks, come to be worth 40 or 50/. and fbmetimes more, which they are cunning enough to keep from their Mailers. Such ofthema can afford it, buyCloaths finer than their Mailer allows them^ as the Men^ white Holland . Waft-coats, and Breeches, a Shirt, and Silver-Clafps. The Women alfo will make their rich Husbands purchafe them a Shift, a fine Wail-coat and Petti- coat, and Lace for their Heads, to fet themfelves out for a Holiday. They often buy part of the Share of the White Mens Provifions, who are fuchSotsas to part with it for Money to purchafe Rum, which is the Kill- Devil mentioned h^ligon-^ and a mean Spirit, that no Planter of any Note will now deign ;o drink ^ his Cellars are better furnilh'd. If the Negroes could come at a dead BuIK Cow, or Horfe, *tis likely they would difuatch it •, but the Planters are careful to keep them out of their way, by burying them immediately, or otherwife difpofing of them, that they may not come at them, for fear pf their eating them, and being infe£led by it with Ibme contagious Diftemper. Thus 'tis plain, no Gen- tleman admits of his Servants being ted with Car- rion, whatever Inclination they may have to it ^ for it mud be own'd the new Comers are very greedy, for fucha Repail, when they come firft to BarMees ; an Inflance of which is told us in ati Accident that happen*d to Col. Helms^ who having (ome Years ago bought a Lot of Negroes, fent them to hif Plantation ^ where it happen'd that a Cow had lately dy'd by fomc ill Hap ': He order'd it to be flung into a Well 40 Fathom' deep, not thinking any 3^ the Slaves would have ventur'd down after ^er ^ but the Negrq<;t The Hiftory ef Barbadocs. Negroes not having fkthom*d the Well, and thinking they might get up as eafily as the Cow got down, one of tnem leapt firft into the WelL and was fol* low'd by another, then by a third, a fourth followed him, and him the fifth, at feveral times, till at laft the Owner miftrufting what had happen d,dilcover*d his Misfortune in the Death of his SlaveL and pre« vented the fixth going after the other. Tne Notice Ligeit takes of the Planters eating Potatoe Bread is (b true, that feveral have affirm'd to me they preferred it to Wheaten Bread. As for the old Womens chawing the CaiTavy Root, *tis a Falfity, or at leaft has not been pra£^is*d in Barbadoes in the Memory of Man, the Perino being made of the Caflavy, work'd up with Sugar, after 'tis bak'd. There's now no Drink made of Plantinei. Pine Drink, fomethingofthe Colour of Mead, tafles fharp like the Pine, is a cooling Drink, and too good to fall to the Servants or Slaves, who would pempi prefer a flrong Spirit to it. As for the Rug-Gowns, mention'd by Mr. Ugm^ they are now quite out of Ufe \ whether the Reafon of them is not as good in our times, as in his, let the Gentleaien of Barbadoes determine. In the Plat of Ground allow'd them^ befides their little Gardens to each Cottage, which is now built of Poles, andcover'd with Thatch, having feveral Par- titions round about it, they fet Plantine Trees, £> diat their Houfes are not to be feen ^ they are not contiguous^ but at a little Diftance from each other, for fear of Fire. As for their Diverdonson Sundays, the Generality of them dance, or wreflle all Day, the Men and Wo* men together. In Mr. UgorCs time, the Men danc'd by themfelves, and the Women by themfelves, but *tis not fo in ours. They have two Mufical Inflru- nients, like Kettle-Drums, for each Company of Dancers, with which they make a very barbarous Melody. They have other Mufical Inftruments, as a BoHgU^ not much unlike our Lute in any thing, but the Mufick -y the Rookawy which is two Sticks jagg'd \ and a Jinkgovingj which is a way of clapping their Hands on the Mouth of two Jars. Tnele are all play'd together, aad accompany'd with Voices itf iS4 TheHyfory cf Barbadoes. Voices, in a moft terribly harmonioos man- ner. They are fo far faperiour in Number to the Whites, that one would thinx it fhould be unfafe for the Eng- lijh to dwell among them ^ and yet the Danger by that Superiority is very little, efpecially fince the Government there has taken Care toDuild fuch ilrong Forts as are lately built. The Reafons of the Planters Security are thefe : The Slaves are brought from feveral Places in Cui- ma, which are diflerent from one another in Lan- guage, and confequently they can't converfe freely • m Barbadoes •, or if they could, they hate one an- other fo mortally, that (bme of them would rather dye by the Hands of the EngUJhy than join, with other jifricms^ in an Attempt to (hake off their Yoke. None of them are allowed to touch any ^rms, unlefs *tis by their Matter's Command : they are kept in fuch awe, that they are afraid even to think of Liberty ^ and when tbey fee the EngUfi mufter and exercife, there can be no Terror in the World greater than what they lie under at that -time. 'Tis true, the Creolian Negroes are not of this Number *, they all fpeak Englifh, and are fo far from fearing a Mufter, that they are very familiar with it, and can exercife very welL The Way of the Englijh Merchants trafficking for them was, till lately, by fending Ships with Beads, Pewter, Jars, Cloath, Hats, Copper Bars, Knives, and Toys, toAfrica\ bat now the Trade is by Perpetuanoes, Guns, Powder, Flints, Xallow, and Spiris.. They trade from Sierra Ltona to Cape /Vifgro, ajvaft Territory on theCoafts, near fifteen hundred Miles* in Length *, in which are many petty Kinedoms, where the Kings fell their Subjects and Pritoners of War ^ fome mean Men their Servants, their Children, and fometimes their Wives. They are all Idolaters, and the Obje£b of their abominable Worlhip is the Devil, if it has any Objea, or they any Worfhip at all. The Oreolian Negroes are ht from fuch a Diabolical Religion ^and if they have any at all, it mud be the EngUJhy for they have no Oppor- tunity to learn any other. The Foreign Slaves believe they return to tneir own. Country*, w|iicl| Belief Tht Ktftwj oj Barbadoes. 'it; tiiey broagfit from thence with th,em. Some of th^re Wretches are very ingenious, anld others of them , as ftupid. Indeed fucnof them as aredull^ are fo to BrutaUty ^ and fuch as are ingenious are as apt to learn as any People. They maKe good Mechanicks when they take to it, and fuch are the Treafure of a Planter \ for the Chief Riches of the Ifland confifts in the Slavesi of whom fome have ib great a'Multitude, that their Stocks in that oneArticle' woulJ amount to above 20000 /. When a Mortality feizes them, the Planter is undone, unleib he is a Money'd Man. and can renew his Stock 1 which muft be replenifli*d eve- ry Year, or he would foon want Hands for his Work, for there maH: be great Numbers of them.alnioft half in half dye in Scaloning, the Poligamy of nis Negroes ferving little to the Stocking his Plantation. Every TickaninrQ/y or Infant Negro, is valu'd at 61, zt x Month old ^ and the Commodity in general rifes or falls, like any other of the Market. The Blood of the Negroes is almoft as black as their Skins. Doflor Tmns fays, I have feenLowtk* the Blood of at lead twenty drawn forth, both fick and in Health, and the Superficies of it is all as dark as the Bottom of any European Blood, after (landing a while in a Difh ) which is an Argument tlut the Blacknefs of Negroes is like- ly to be inherent in them, and not caus'd by the (corching of the Sun, efpecially feeing that other Creatures that live in the fame Clime and Heat with them, have as florid Blood as thole that are in Eng- land, . Whatever this Doftor has been-pleas'd to com- municate to the Royal SMety^ I have been inform'd by Gentlemen, who have feen the Blood of a thou* fand of them, that there is no manner of Difference between the Colour of the Blood of a Negro and that oi2Si European \ as an Inftance of which he told me \ Col. Tttcomh had a Negro fcalded with Sugar in feveral Parts of his Body, which left in it white Spots ^ and thefe white Spots wore into one another till the Negro was perfe£lly white \ and his Skin grew fb tender, that it blifler'd and freckled iwith the Sun, which, had his Blood been black, would never have been ib. This Change of the Q/^rjbfc^i^i^'s Skin. botn izi The Hifiorj of Barbadoes. both in the Colour and Nature of it, oblig'd the Owner to cloath him as a white Servant. Bendes, &11 the Phyficians that liv'd on the Place, and have difle^l- ed fcveral, aflur'd thp (ame Gentleman, there was n6 filacknefs in the Blood of the Negroes, nor any other Difference betweeen the Bodies of them and the Whites. One may imagine, that the Charge of a Plantation, where often there are 2 or 300 Mouths to be fed, muft be very great *, and this is manag'd under the Mafter by a Head Overfecr, at 100 or 150 /. a Year Sallary and Maintainance, 2 or j Under-Overfeers, Accountants, and other Officers *, who have all e« iiough to do to keep things in Order. what has been (aid of Barbadoes^ with Relatioii to Servants and Slaves, may ferve for Jamaica^ they being the Riches of that Idand as well as of this, their Work and their Manner of Living the fame. Before we conclude this Chapter, we (hould take fome Notice of the Diver fion of the Whites, as well Mailers as Servants, who have their times of Recreation 1 the Servants on Holidays and Fefti- ▼als, the Mailers when they pleafe, as in other Places. Gaming, as Cards, Dice, Tables, was much more frequent and extravagant in Barbadoes than 'tis now ; but thev are obliged to ufe fedentary Diverfions more than a^ive, on Account of the Difpofition of the Country, which is not fit for Hunting or Hawk- ing. Some have attempted to hunt Hogs, which have been left wild in the Woods, or Goats with Moncrells, but it may lyperly be caird a Mun- grel Sport without the ORnce of a Pun. The Turf, according to Ligon^ will never be fine enough, nor the Ground foft enough to make a Bow \mgQtetr\'m Barbadoes. But my Lord C/rry, when he was Governour of the liland, quite ruin'd this Author's Reafons, for he made one at Mr. Ho" therfall\ Plantation, which he rented \ and there was another long before to the Windward, upon the Cliff. Bares they might have, but there has as yet been no Trial made of one ^ wherefore the Diverfions of the Gentlemen in tnis Ifland are nioilly within Doors. The The Hificry tf Barbadoes. The Gallant People delight moft in Balls and Conibrts^ the eood Fellows, in Drink and good Company *, and though one would imagine, that Mto ihould be afraid to drink fuch a hot Wine as Madera^ in fiich a hot Country, yet it has been known that §omt of them have drank their 5 and ^ Bottles a Day, and held it on for feverai Years. Sweating is an admlf abl^ Relief to them in this Cafe, and nas been oraftis'dby many with Succef?, Madera Wine, white and red, which is drunk here, is in Nature contrary to all other, for 'twill not endure a cool Cellar. French and Rhtnijh Wines neither keep in Barbadoes^ nor agree well widi the Stomacks of the Inhabitants, if fo conftantly drunk as in England, Few care for Canary Wine. There was once a Company of Poppet Strowlers in this Ifland ^ they came from Endaad^ and fet up their Fairy Drama at the Bridge^ where, for the No- velty of the Matter, they round a good Market : From thence they went to the Leward Iflands, and thence home. We wonder their Example has not been follow'd by (bme of the young Fry of Poppet Players at London.^ who would do better to go over^ and either play or work at Barbadoes voluntarily> than rake at home till they are fent thither by the Magiftracy againft their Wills. The Servants in Barbadoes follow the Sports and Exercifes of the common People in England^ as far as confifts with the Heat of the Climate 1 and be- ing all EngUjhmen like our felves, the Reader if not to expe& much Difference in their way of Living, Exercifes, or Diverfions, firom our own. Ill C HA P. X2t W-- T$e Hifiory of Barbadocs. CRAP. VI. Of the Government of the IJlandy Civil 4nd Militsry : Of the Lat^Sy Courts of Judicature^ Pubiick Offices^ Revenues^ and Chureh'Jffdirs. 4 n^ H E Government of Bardadois is like that of the "■• other Colonies, by a Governour and Council9 who are nam*d by the King or Qiieen of England ) and anAffembly, chofenby the Freeholdeis of each PariHi, two for each. The Governour is the King or Queen's Repreienta- tive in this, as in the other Plantations. He is Cap- lain General, Admiral, and Chancellour of the Ifland, and has Power to i/Tue out all forts of Coiki- miflions under that of a General*, to fummon and diflblve Affeniblies, to make Counfcllours, to par- don all Crimes, but Treafon and Murder ^ and even in thofe iCafes to grant Reprieves^ to.plaCe and dis- place all Officers, who are not by Pattent. In a word, to a£): with Sovereign Authority, taking Ad- vice of his Council, under the King or Queen of England^ according to the Laws of this^ Ifland i and he has a Negative Voice in the pafling of all h(ks of the AfTeniDly : As he is Chancellour oiBaf badoes^ he is impower'd to grant Adminiftrations and Executorihips of Eftates, of Perfons dying in- reflate, to whom he pleafes *, which has been a pro- fitable Branch of the Prerogative in lome ill Govern- ments. The prefent Governour is Mitford Crtm^ Elqj whole Sallary is 2000 /. a Year. It formerly was but x2oo/. but then the Ifland us*d to make large Prefents to each Governour on his Arrival, and fo much every Year, to engage his Favour, which in time grew to a fort of a Prefcrip- tion. and was expe^cd by the Govcrnours as their Right. Hey The Hifiory of Barbadc ^s; *' Her prefcnt Ma jefty put an end to this Grieyance,by forbidding any foch Benevolences for the future \ and, to make amends for it, encreas'd the Sallary to 2000 / a Year. Tliere arc however fome lawful Perqui-^ fites and Advantages, which renders the Govern- ment worth near 4.000/. per Amum^ beiides the 500 /. a Year ror the Rent of the Houfe, which id built for his Refidence, at the publick Charge, on ?Ugrim*s Plantation \ wnich is alio for his life. The Council, are Twelve in Number, and are ge- nerally Men of the bed Ellates and Quality in the Country. They are appointed by Letters of Man" damus from the King or Queen : And on the Death or Difmifiion of any of the Members, the Cover- nour has Power to fill fp their vacant Places with others. Their Bufinefs is to advife and aiiifl: the Cover- nour in all Matters relating to the* Government; and to be a Check upop him if he exceeds the Bounds of his Commiffion. In the Aflemhly they make the Upper Houie, and claim an intire Negative Voice, as the Houfc of Lords in England, The Prefident ot the Council, in the Abfencc of the Governour, and his Deputy, fupplies his Place *, and every Counfel- lour (its in the Court of Chancery with the Go- vernour, and is ilil'd, Honourabh., by Virtue of his Place. The prefent Members of the Council are, Ceo. Liltington. Efq*, Jlex. Walker^ Efq; WiL Sharp, Efq^ Middleton Chamber lainyEtq) Patrick Meine, Efq*, Tho, AUeyne, Efq^ Richard Scot, Efq-, The Reverend Mr. Sam. Samuel Cox, E^c^-i Beresford, John Mills, Eiq*, Thefe following are lately put in by Mr. Qrow.t WilUam Wheeler, Efq-, John OSiton^ EC% Timothy Salter, Efq^ 1^9 Clerk to the Council, Mr. Coffin, Vol. II. K Thf t j^ The Hsfiorj of Barbadoes/ The Manner of EleOing AtTembUes, of tb«ir Sit- ting^ Voting, and Faffing of Laws, is as near as floluble, like that of the Houfe of Commons in Effg- As to their Power and Privileges, th^y are at Urge fet down in the Laws of the Plantations *, to which we refer the Reader, and alio for an Account of fuch as are now in Force and Uie in thislfland ^ where the Laws of Englattd are always valid, as far as confifts with the Cultom of the Cdony. For the ealier Didribation of Juftice the Ifland is . divided into Five Precin^s : Over which there are as many Judges, who prefide one in each, and hold their Courts of Common-Pleas, for Trial of all Caufes, according to the Laws of England, and Ca- Aoms of Barbadoes, The Firft of thefe Courts is kept at Oftin9% the lad Mvnday and Tuefday in January, The prefent Judg« of it is •«.• Brewfier^ E^if The Second at the Bridge^ on the Wedntfday^ Thurfdayy and Friday following. The prefent Judge, John Sandjwdy Eiq*, The Third at the Me^ on the Mmday and Tuef- day next enfuing. The prefent Judge, Tho. Warren, Efq^ The Fourth at Speight\ on the IVednefday and Thurfday following. The prefent Judge, MexanderAnderton, Efq^ The Fifth in the Parifh of St. Andnm, on the Friday and Saturday next enfaing. The prefent Judge, Rtinold AUen^ Efq*, They continue their refpeflive Sittings from four Weeks to four Weeks, till the a^th (3 September , yearly, and then adjourn to the lad Aimday in Ja^ nuary. From thefe Courts there lies an Appeal, in all Caufes above lo/. Value, to the Governour and Council : And from them, in all above joo /. Value, to b«ir Sit. near as f are at ions*, to Account siflamii 1, as far Ifland is here are and hold al of all andCa- nt\ the edntfdayf ,nd Tutf' fday and r, on the rom four kptemberj a^ in Ja* 1, in all lour and /. Value, to to the King, or Queen, and Council in Engfand, Befidesthelc Courts, they have ..^ ACourtofEftreats, ^ A Court of Exchequer, the prefent Chief Baton, John Mils, tiq-^ Court of Admiralty, the prefent Judge, Dudley Woodbridge^ £(q*, Two Mafters in Chancery, Rohert SHlUngfleet^ E% andQ//«7^j/fr, E(q*, Clerk of the Crown, Norman Maccafcall^ E(q) Attorney General, HodgesyE,((Xt SoUicitor General, WIU Raa^insy Efq^ This Gentleman, in the Year i^^s. collefted the Body of the Laws of Barbadoesy into one Book i which was printed by Order of the AlTembly : And that Book of Laws oy an A^ paft by them, i^to be deem'd and hild a good lawful Siotutt-Book of this Iflatid of Barbadoes. Thefe Laws are all abridg'd, in the Treatife we have had frequent Occation to fpeak of. Clerk of the AiTembly, Jams Cowts, Efq; Regifter in Chancery, Wil. Walker, Elqj Provoft Marflial, Geo, Gordon^ Efq*, Which are the Chief Officers in the Law, and in the State ^ the firft next to the Govemour, and tho(e wehavebefore-mention'd, is. The Treafurerofthelfland, John Holder^ £fq^ The Secretary, jllexander Skeyne, Efq, The Governour's Secretary, Merchant, Efqi Befides thefe the People of the Ifland have Agents vn England, to take Care of their Affairs, to whom they allow a jo /. a Year ; a very handfome Sallary : And one would expert, from fuch an Allowance, that the Planters ihould have no reafon to be at fo much trouble, to foUicite the Bufmeis of the Ifland them- felvcs. There are three of thefe Agents, who are at this time, »P K » ija .:m 75fe HSjUrty of Barbadocsf- ftt oi ' ''' 'i iViaiam Bridges, Efq*, Rowland Tryon, Merchant ^ and. Sir John Stanley ^ Brother-in-law to Sir BdifiH (jr<*»w//ff, the late Governour. ^^ As to the Military Affairs of the Colony, they are, under the Governpur, manag'd by Colonels, in the ftveral Parts of the Ifland, where krej Regimtatsof Foot, and two of Horfe, befidesthc Regiment and Troc^of Guards, each confifting,' when 'tis full, of above 1200 Meii. , < '^>\Ui^ii^ux In the time of War the Govcrnour makes Gene- ral Officers, for the better Conduft of the Forces \ as, A Lieutenant General, faind'^ Major General. The laft Gentlemen who had thefe Commimons, were, Ahel Alleyne^ Efq*, Lieut. General. John Holder y Efq*, Major General. FOOT. The Bridge Regiment is the biggeft, and is call'd the Royal Regiment, .or the Regiment of Foot- Guards. It con/ids, when 'tis full, of x4«o Men, and is commanded by Col. Hdlet, ^ teroard Regiment, xaoo, commanded by Col. Tho.Mavcock.. St. Jofeph Regiment, 1200, commanded by Col. Boh, Teamans. SuThomM and St, 3^tfw« Rcgirticnt, 1200, com- manded by the Honourable Tho, Alleyne^ Elbv OJiine Regiment, 1200, commanded by Col. Windward Regiment, x 200, commanded by Col. Hen* Pierce, , ■ n O R S E. * tewdrd Regiment of Horfe, 1000, commanded by Col. Tho. Sandiford, Wittdward Regiment, loooy commanded by CoL John t'rter. The The tTtjidry of Barbadoes;' ^'^c Gard de CorpSy or Troop of Guards, coiifift ^ i^o Gentlemen^ and on all publick Ckcafipns attend the Governour's Perfon. ' ^ '^ •' ' i^Jfaeir prefcnt Captain is Col. Salmon, ' ;Kefeper of 'tfce Stores in the Magazine, Mr. M7^ ^']^R^mM0oir, HisSallary no 7. a Year. '«*f '•Siifveyor yid Engineer General, Col. Lilly' > ■■■ ^'Gommiflioners of the Cuftoms, Wil. Sharpy Efq) ■ '• and Sam^GfA;^ .Efq^ K.aval Officer, MtaA?:-^-^^^ ■ Receiver of the Cafual Revenuie^, Mr. Teamans, - €ol\e(kor of the fJole^Tovvny Hugh Howetj Efqt ^ Ck)\ketot Sit Spelght% Wil. Denny yEiq;^ 7'",i Clerk of the Markets, Norman Maccafcdl^ Ef% ''"^ Receiver of the • 4 and an half per Cent, ThofiiiU , Edwardsy Efq-, ' 'J;,' - Gonamiflipner of the Prikes, William Gelmid. Agent for the Ordnance, JoHn J^feMng^ Efq^ ^ - 'The Way- of Lifting, . Raifmg, and Paying the Militia, comes urtdfeir' that Article in the Laws of Sarbadoes -^ 'Artd therefore" we ftiall fay nothing of it in this Place^ but proceed to the Revenues *, Whicli arefuchasare rdis'dfor the King or Queen's Ufe, and fuch as are rais'd for the Ufe oFthe llland. As firft, the 4 and an halfp^r Cent, upon all Goods ihjp*d off 9 which is fettl'd on the . Crown, and amounts to, Communibiu Annis^ loooo/. per An, The next Duty is 4 Pound of Gun-powdef for each Tun, of every Ship that unlades there, and is always paid in Specie, amounting to about ^oo /. There is alfo a Duty on i^4<^er^ Wines, ^l, tos, a Pipe, which amounts yearly to about 7000 /. And on all other Liquors, which does not bring !i^ above 2000 /. Thefe are (ettled Duties *, the other are fuch as aro rais'd by th? AfTembly for the Service of the Colony, and that is generally done by a Pound-Tax, or Pole- Tax, and fome Years have amounted to ?oooo /. But there is nothing fettled on the Kina or Qtjcen^ and their Heirs, except the 4 and an half per Cent. The other two Duties are appropriated to ti|ie Ui'e «?? IJ4 TheHiftoryofBa.vh2idoes. of the Stores and Forts: And the Barbadians (ay the ^nie of the 4 and an hiif per Qnt, Duty^: With what Reafon, will be feen hereafter. The Parifh-Taxes are rais'd by the Veftry, for the Maintenance of the Minifter, and the Poor, and keeping the Churches in due Repair. And ^is brings us naturally to the Churcn-Aji&irs of the Ifland, which are under the Governiijent of a Sur- rogate, appointed by the Bilhop of Londott', who is the Ordinary of all the EtfgUjh Colonies in ji- tnericax Where, in Imitation of His Lordfliip's Zeal for the Church of England^ its Faith and Wor- ihip are^ for the moft part, ftriftly profefs'd. The Laws of BarhadotJt charge and command^ that aU Ferforu inhabiting that Jfland^ conform themfelvesto the Government and Vifcipline of the Church of England. There are fo few DifTenters in this Ifland, that (here has been no publick Meeting eftablifli'd, with a Paftor, fince the Year itfpo. The laft Presby- terian Minifter there, was Mr. Vaughan : And none of his Opinion, fmce his Death, have thought it worth their while to go fo far to propagate it The Minifters have good Allowance, the leaft Benefice being worth ijo or 200/. a Year-, and that of the Bridge^Toytn 6 or 700 /. The prefent Minifter of that Place, or, St. Michaels^ is Mr. Berisford, Of St. Georgesy Vacant. Of St. Jamesy or the Hole^ Mr. Gordon, ,OfSt. 77^w&w, Mr. Hargrove, OfSt.Pmr/, or 5/>*igk's Town, Mr, Pall, Of j4fl'SaintS'Chapp€l.j Mt,Ball, Of St, Lucysy Mr. Tuckermoft, OfStjindrewSy Mr, Juftice. OfSt.J'ofephsy Mr. fuUmod, Of St. Johnsy Mr. Wharton, Of St. Philips^ Mr. Irvine, Of Chrifi-Churchy or Oftines^ Mt, Mantfey, The prefent Surrogate is the Reverend Mr. Beris'^ fordy who fucceeded the pious and learned Mr. Cryer \ as hc did the Reverend Mr. Wiluam Walker^ ■ ■ - - '^ . Mi- * The Hiftory of Barbadoes. Minifter of St. Peters^ and a Member of the Coun- cil \ the Hrft on whom the Biihop of London was pleas'd to confer this Reverend and Honourable Of- fice, ^ The Aflembly have lately had it under Confidera- tion, toere£^ a College, and endow it*, towards which great Legacies have been left, for the Educa- tion ot their Youth : For *tis not every Planter who can be at the Charge of fending his Sons to England to be educated \ v^ich the moft wealthy of them have found inconvenient, by the Diftance from their Parents and Guardians, and the Indulgence of their Correfpondents here : Who, to flatter thefe young Gentlemen, in hopes of their Confignations, when they come to their Eftates, or to engage them to write kindly of them to their Friends, give them what Money they ask for ^ and by this they often ^et a Habit of Extravagance, which ends in their Rain; Thiswou'd be prevented, if there were Btt'mg Schools \xi Barbadoes \ which they might enGly have. Mr. Tho» Tryofif who underftood the intereft of that Ifland as well as any Man, affirms, that this fending their Children to Endand has been a very great Hin- drance to the Redreis of their Grievances ; for who can think they* are under fuch heavy Loads as thef complain of, when they can aflFord hi-ih ^"^ ^^^ ^ a Year to their Sons in England^ moft of them pro- ving Beaus of the firft Etate,and diftinguifhing them* felves by the Gaity of their Drefs and Equipage : From whence^ fays he, it is i»ferr*dj they are grown wonderful rich \ tnfomuch that it carit be thfvght amifs^ or any Oppreffum^ to lay Impofitions upon their Produce or Commodities ^ but tht wtfer fort are Men of other Sentiments at well at my felf. And again. The loofe and extravagant Education of your Touthj (writing to a Planter) is a fure Indication of Calamity and Mifery to your Country^ for in a few Tears they come to govern the puhlick Affair s» AH thefe Expences and Inconveniences would, in a great meafure, be prevented by the erefting a Qol- lege and Library at the Bridge, with learnsid ahd pious Profeflbis in the Sciences, to breed up young Gentlemen^ without expofing them to the Hazards of the Sea, and the more fatal DAngersof Tempta- K + ' tio;^ n i .^^ The Hifiory of Barbadocs. tion and ill Company in En^and ^ where, having Money at Will, when they are not of Years to know how to make ufe of it, they frequently con- tinue in their Profufion and Prodigality, till they have none left to fpend. As the Gentlemen of Barbadoes may fuppofe the Author is very well acquainted with this Truth, fo they cannot but know, that he can give a great many Exceptions to this bad Cuflom, but not^ enough to lirgue agaijnft its being abolifh'd. CHAP. VII. Of the Sugar Canes, and the way of ma^ king and refining Sugary as it is npfv fram fiis*d in Barbadoes ; together with an Account of the Nature and Vfe of that Ccmmoditjy Rum, and Melajfes. ^ll^E have, in the firft Chapter, fhow'd at what .y^ time Sugar Canes began to be firft planted in Barbadoes ^ we ihall now Ihew as well now thofe Plants were then cultivated, as how they are manag'd atprefent. Tis for the Sake of this Plant, that many thou- sands oi Engllfijmen have tranfported themfelves, their Families, and Eftates, to the WtfiJndies \ by this they iiave been rais'd from mean Conditions to a State of Affluence aad Grandeur. By this many thoulands of Families have fubfifted, and been en- rich'd in England-^ the publick Revenues, Trade, and Navigation, have been advanc'd, and the National Stock has enrreas'd above three Millions. In a Word, the Grain produced by this Plant has been faid, by very good Judges, to contain a Sub- ftance, was it alto.'jethcr, as big as the whole Ifland, Sugar grows in a long Stalk, which we call a Cane, fuliof Joints, two, three, four^ or (ivelnches Jifua? laving ars to [y con- I they ofe the ith, fo : many ugh to f ma' w pra" \th an f thst at what inted in 9f thofe nanag'd Tie Wftory of Barbadocs. afander, and about fix Foot high i the Sprouts and Leaves at the Top rifmg up fo high, as may make it near 8 Foot in all. The Body of the Cane is about an Inch Diameter, feldom more. The Colour of the Cane Tops ?is a pure Grafs-green *, of the Cane it felf, yellowifh, when ripe : Tis cover 'd with a thin Skin OF Bark, fomewhat hard on thelnfide, being of a wKite ipun^y Subftance, full of Juice, which the Servants and others (uck, and eat great Quantities of, vHthout injuring their Healthy nothing is plea- fanter than this SaJ>, when the Cane is ripe •, 'tis alfo very nouriihlng and wholfome,, if taken with Mo4e-; ration. Their vvay of eating it is thus : Theycufe the Skin or pind off, and put the Pith or fpungy. Parts into their Mouths, wnen the Juice will come out more*fre^ly than Honey out of the Comb -,' and this Sweetnefs as far exceeds that of Honey, 4s a Pepin does a Crab, *Tis not forfeiting, but,,^h<9i ileaneft and heft Sweet in the Univerfe. The ^^ ture of this Juice is much like to that of i^pples, bit fomething tljicker, 'tis yellow, vvhen the Cane is ripe, deari, and without any ill Taft or Hogo, and. gpes, off the Pallat as fweetly as it came on. Of this juice Sugar, Rum, a'nd Melafles are made. , j^ ^ The Seafon for planting of Sugar Canes, is froni Augufi to the Beginning of December fometime^y which Canes don't arrive to Maturity, till they halve been a Year and a Quarter, or a Year and a half it\ the Ground. , • ,; ;j Their manner of growing is in Sproutf, three- four, or five, from one Rdot. . . JiTiey are not all of a Size, either in Bigness or* Length, according. ta the Goodnefs of the Soil, and the Seafons. ^ Some Canes will not rife above 3 Foot high, and others V, and the Flags or Cane Tops of them exceed p Foot high. Stalk and all, and fometimes are under planted, by laying the Canes along. Thus they produce the Sreater Number of Sprouts; for this way a Branch loots out of every Joint or the Cane, whereas th« firft Planters us'd to thruft a Piece of Cane perpen? dicnlarly into a Hole at certain DifbMices, which yielded no Shoot but from the Top V and having three or four Sprouts, whofe whole weight depencU edbh one Root, when tltey grew tall andneavy, the Storms loofen'd riie Ro6t6, and fo they rotted, and became good for noUiing. By this new way of Planting, the Root i^ (^cur'd, and the Produce en- creas*d^ They come up^in a little while after they are planted \ in about 12 Weeks they will be 2 Foot high. The next Care of the Planter is to keep his Canes well weeded. Weeds being very apt to grow among them, and formerly the wlthits m particu* lar^ a Creeper that runs alon^ the Ground, and fa- ttens to the Canes, by which they hinder fheir Growth. The Roots muft ilfo be examined to fee if anv have failed, that theV may be fupply'd in time with others, ' leaft the Ground fhould yield foniething hurtful to the Plant. If the With had oyer^run a Plantation, or the Plantei^ had necled^ed to^tl up the Vacancies of the Roots that fail'd in time, by which Means the Crop was fdme ripe and ibme gre^en* and could never be (eparkted but by much more Labour than they were worth) the Planter burnt the Canes on the Ground. By this tbo he loft (b much time as his Canes had frowti, yet he did not lofe his Planting, for the ire did not touch the Root^ which fhoots put a- gain prefently \ ahd it better'd the Soil, and de- firoy'd the Rats. , They did this by kindling the j^ire on the Outfides of the Field, ixi a Circle quite round the Piece of Ground \ the Rats retir'd from the Borders to the Centre, and the Flames reach- ing at laft to that^ confom'd a Swarm of them to- gecher. ' -^ ' '^ '■'' ' - yhclfl e thrown , at a^ )Ianted9 luce the Branch reas the perpeiiT , wnicb having depencp vy, the ed, and way of luce en- er they 2 Foot eep his to grow particu* and la- it their if anv le witn mething or the s of the he Crop ever be ey were 3roand. ines had for the s out a* »nd de- ling the le quite "d from i reach- lem to* The Hijfory cfB^vhgidoes. , Thcfe Vermine were brought thither by the Eh- gUfi Ship&. and will fo gnaw and fuck ^Canes^ thait they rot after it. In th^ time of th^ Turhado, iii No- vtmber and Decembtr^ the Rats flew to the Houfe^ where they would have done as mndi Michief, but that they were more eafily deJftroy*d. ^^■ the Praftice now is to dung the Canes, whic^ii done either when they are pUntcc},' or when they come up, and are two Foot hig!i, and this is the ereateft Trouble and Expence tlie Planter is at 3 for tt it was not forihis durij^ing, a, third Part of the Negroes would d[d" « .' V, i^ , *: n!" When the Canc§ at^ Hpe, wKch tsrfeidwn by th^f Colour, the? are cat up by Hand with aBiII| or other Tool, py oi^e at a time, (for they are too big to be mow'd with a $cvth^ or cut with^a Hook) as thty cut them, they trim them, chop off the Top, ahd cut or ftrip oJfF the Leaves or Fhigs pn the Sides, Which are fav'd for the Ufes we &ve already (pd- kenof. ' ^ The Canes thus cut were bundled np in Faggots^ tnd ty'd up with the Withs that, grew among tfieni, out are now only ty'd with the Tops of the Canes. Then they are carryd t6 the Mill by AlT- ne^^, in Carf% or drawn by Hor&s. The Mills that vrtrfe at firft in ufe there, were CattlerMilis *, but lately every fubftantial Planter has oil© or two Wind-Mill^ and fome three, as at Sir Jiichard ffackep^s^ Six Samuel fMfaful% and Cot IVav's Plantatidns. Their Cattle-Mills and Wind-Mills are made after the faiiie Mannei^ as ours in England^ and they grind the Canes thus in the Cattle-Mills : TheHorfcs and Cattle being put to theirTackle, go. about, and turn by Sapteps the Middle Roller j which oeirij^ cogg*d to turn others at the upper End, turn them about. They all three turn upon the fame Centres, which are of Hrals and Steel, going fo eafily of tbetii- felves, that a Man taking hold of one of the Sweeps with his Hand, may turn all ^e Rollers about *, but when the Canes are put in between the Rollers, 'tis a good Draught for five Oxen or HoHes. A Negro Wonun puts in the Canes on one Side, and the Rol- lers draw them through on the other Side, where i?9 4<» a of Hithzdocs. 3ii f -another l^gro-'Wonun ftaQJ^^ receives thi^i^' j!^n4 jpetarns them Sfck on thfe other ^depf the MiPi^- Mjwrj^ have a «re(f .ip fo|iee2|6iit qv5 Eemaindei' bf Xjquoi5;,j^fi^,ffie:forra# their ^ n:Ks,,are ^u, ^d they are willuig to make the luoft ■orthemj;- < ..-v ,' , .,„.,;y'-^,:.;' ;.. •/ ' , , ; i ,1%, Z4^«f, fiptn whom foiAepart of this A<5CQmi^ of the Cattle- Mill is taken, (pe^lcs more liraely of it '. but tl^ele (Rattle-Mills are'arpa6(i quite out Si ttfc, there tetigiV Wind-MiUs' ip. one Cattle-MiU, iinie the S^n drif^j % Q^^ i^a .^tidj, they ^e:fit .■(o.Durn. • . .'i ,.,,„.. ••[• ..■ f'l ^".-| \- . • '.•'-' Under the Roliers there^s a hollow Place,' Ifftq ^wl^ich all the Juice that runs i^9m, |he Canes' is !re* cciv'd, ant^ by Pipes of Lead, or (^den Cutt^fi'^o- ver*d over jCbftii convey'd into/, a Qiftern, nfslr thij >f^ a^e dcy^dhi the Sim v ^^^ ^^^^^ Wbo^. is See bit grown (ca'rcie^ becop|ie tbepru^cipal Fuel there. It leutrs, makes f ^^Kw^^ ^!7'\i Wij^and uticfrtaiff Fire^ much infeAor either to Wood or O^x, ifitht Min^ of Sugars, '^^^^^ ■/',- .•'',' .' r~. ;^*y^'. When Sii^ar was firft plant);^ j^ thislflahq^ on(5 Acre of Canes yielded more than noW> for four, five, fix, or fevcp Years together^ )^ithout any fttrthcr planting or idunjging^ the fame Root would /hoot forth new Branches, and thofe be fuller of Sap than the Canes are at this time \ when the Sugar being of fo great a Subdance, and containing fuch a Quan- tity of rich Juices, and the Planters being limited to a fmall Proportion of Land, prefllng it fo ofben .with the (ame Plant, and n^ver letting it lie ftilL ,the Soil is fo impoverilh'd, that they are now fbrc'a to dung and plant every Year*, infomuch that xoo Acres of Canf reauire almo(l double the Number of Ijands they i'ld tbrmerly, while the Land ret;ain*d The mpt^ (f B&miom ifis ftttonl Vigoar, which a^fo'thenidijcl not Mi|y bring forth certain Crops, hntkmttiWiid^tQO^ ^ W<^dfi -having ibecn cncreas*d b^ /recent Dttngi^ irifl.^ ^ . .■ ■:■ <' ■ ■• ■' '. . : iv;-/, I Moft of the Sugar Iflands,. BurM^tri cTpecifLUff^ have' a kind of whitd chalky Gravd, call'd Mrni^', two or three Foot deep, which of vit jelf is of fo hot^ a Temper, and that is encreas*d So much by dun^ngy that their Crops in all dry Seafoos are iiire< to mil and on the other Hand, in a wet Year the Canes, gtow- rank, and never come to Maturity. Sbnie ObjefHpns will certainly be inade to this at Barblukees ^;fbr:whatiisfiiid of the Uncei^tainty of the> Fire of thed4y'd.€anes, can only irdate to this KflgT. ligchce of S^^^. in feedini^ it, ^ if thereof Pi^ ''twill jdwaytJwt' a CQHawt lisik vigoroi» ijj to the Mar!e^;fii!d'tobefiiii()untIie^ 'tis fo raM^ that I have b^ told by >aa Iniiabitant of the Iflkhd, he rarely or never faw any,.nQ4r met with a Soil too hot, or a Scafon too, ral^c /for hit Canes. . ' ; We have before treated of the Growth of the Canes, and the fqueezing out the Juice in a Cattle-. Mill \ the Pra£^ice is much the fame in a Watet*. Mill 'i but this relates to Jamaica^ and thofe Iflandii'. ' where Rivets are more common than here. The. chief Diiierence between the one and the other con- fifts only in the way of turning the Rollers, either by Draught or Wind. . When the Liquor is in the Ciftern, it muil not remain there above one Day, left it grow four : From thence it is convey'd through a Gutter, fix'd 10 the Walls of the Boyling-Houfe, to the Clarify- ing Copper, or Boyler, and there boyl'd, till all the. Fifth or grofs Matter rifmg on the Top, is skimm'd off. This is the largeft Copper in the Boyling-; Houfe *, and as the Liquor is refin'd, 'tis taken out of the Copper, and carry'd into the fecond, and fo into a third, fourth, Hfth, fixth, and feventh. The leaft is caird the Tach^ where it boyls longeft. 'Til continually kept ftirring and boyling, till it comci with- out m toa ConfiftenCy ^ and yet all this BovUng would in- duce it pnly tp a ihick clammy Sultftr — ""'*" tance. i4i TieJ§^ of Barbadoes. tialt kaming or tomiog to ai Grainy were It not fat die Ttmper that it thftown into it This Lye or TWrr per was many Yeitfs ago madcof tbeAfhesofthe Witby which in the Field was fo deftruaive to the Om^ {i€e^*d and boil'd in Water to a certain Strength \ and. of this a fnall Qpantitj was thrown into mt Boiler, when the Sugar vtu Doiling. upon which it woold prefently kern, and grow hard. The Qaality of the Temper is (harp, and this Add caoAs the clammy Subftance to part, cnrdle and kern *, and fo tt candies, and becomes Sog^r. A Drop of this thrown into the Copper when the U* . quor was firft boiling, would haw qotte fpoil'd tr,^ and 'twould never hate made Suoar. The Te/ifer now os'd is made of lime infiis'd in common Water. The Boyler makes his Liouor ftronger or weaker according to the Goodneis ortbe. Ganei *, and there u net er any brown nor white Su- Sr made without this lime Water, oritsEquifi-' iC^ P6ttA(het,c'Vf||Mi'7ct is very rarely ns*d, bein^ neither fogood, opy|ijiunap,as Lime- Water is found to be. ''' '\i^^!^' Mufcovi^ »K^t Term borrow*d horn the ?#rrin|pBr Lime. Water than our Svgar-bakerb or'iEiBftMrsjife, in Refining white So- Sr: And without lliB Operation, as has been faid, B Juke of the 'ififnes CD«*d never be made into a firm ihblhuibil BbdK nor acquire a fparkling Grain^ but would remain a dull flat Syn% of a heavy grou Nature, neither whdlfeme nor pleaiant For as the Tuice of the Cane is a compleat Swett, wherein the urltifti, aftringent, bitter, and (harp Qualities^ are weak and impotent *, fo without their A(liftanoe it ctnt. t obtain a Body : Wherefore Lime- Water, which inclodei them all, is thrown into i^ whoi the Sugar begins to ri(e up with a turbulent ungo* vernabte Fury, occafion'd by the Fermentation of the Lionor or the Lime-Water, and the vehement Heat ot the Fire. To prevent its running over the Copper, they throw m a Piece of Butter no bigger than a (mall Nut This, tho there are two or three hundred Gallons of Liquor in it, wiUprefentl; make it fall down within iti at faff Taw [rf'tKe to the eitain iraivii upon I tActd and ir. A theO- itt'd tt. us din UfMt ;orth» litcSu- sfbiina >m the jrt, tt- \zx^ oar hiteSo- bcnfaid, [e inco a ; Grain, rfpoM iraithe rein the ie% are lanoeic Water, when The Hffiop^ of ntabudoes. ' 14^ Its Circle in the Boyler*, whkfa proceeds from a hind of Antipathy between tfaefiiltnitndPzopertjr of the Juice oiF the Cane, and the animal Sulpfiur oif ihe Butter. From the Stiltr^ when 'tis rednc'd to t proper Subftance, the Liquor is carry'dtotheCod- ing.Ciftem, call'd the OitUr ^ where it remains till *tis fit to M put in Pols, which are now madeof Earth, and tM Fora of them known to every body* they being daily to be (een hi theSogar-Hoofes ;fai Itrnktij and eUewhere. They are wide at Top^ and taper downwards ^ where a Hole is left for toe Melafles to run oat; A Commodity which ahvayi is in Demand in EngUmd among the CKftillers. Of the Skimmings of all the Coppers the Planten diftil the famouiSpirit known by the Name of ISiMv; which by ibme Perfons is prcfer'd to Brandy. TIs 4 hot Spirit, and has an ofienflve SmeU and Taft w\th it \ 'tis faid to be very wholfom^ and there- kint it has latel7 ^pply'd the Place of Brandy in Punch. Indeeci \iuch better than Malt-fpirits, and the iad Lie. old by our Diftillen . Butt 6ne Spirit extra£i%u from Melaflesj, or Raifin$, will certainly have the Preference of Rum by all nice Pallats. We muft remember, that the Liquor of the Cane, when put into the Pots, would run out *, but they are ftop'd with a Cane-top. till they arc fet upon the IhrkfSy hereafter mentioned. Tne Sugar remains in thefe Pots two Days, and two Nights; at the End of which it will betho^ roushly cold', and then, if 'tis good, knock upon the Pot with your Finaer, and it will give a Sound. But if the Sugar be bac^ it will neither be hard, not give any Sound. The Pots-afterwards are remov'd to the Curing- houfe, and fet upon Earthen- pans, call'd Dripps^ about a Foot from the Ground, and the Melailes runs into them, which is afterwards either carry'd to the Diftil-houle, or put into a Ciftem, where it re* mains till it rtfes to a good Quantity \ which is fome- times boil'd again, and a iort of Sugar made of it. caird fantilt^ worfe than MufcovMo^ and ihip*d off in Casks for Bngfrnd, U \ ; 1 44 ^^^ Wftoij of Barbadoes* In a Month's time the Planters reckon the Sugar Is fufficiently cur'd.> If the Melaifes did not ran from any I oC the Pots, a? it ought to do, they formerly j>Qr!d a Hole in their wden Jarrs with an Augur, tok ppen the Paflag^. is: Ffom the Curing-Room the Pots areremov'dto '0^t\.K9oc1ung'Room\ (b caird, becaufe the Pots are ^$re turn'd up-fide down, and the Sugar knock'd put of them: Which will appear of three different .Colours and Qualities, the Top brovvn, *and a frothy light Subftance for the Depth of an Inch or two y , the Bottoih black, heavy, moift, and full of Me* laffes for about a Foot *, and the Middle white^ dry, and good \ and this is generally three Quarters of the whole. Thtf Top is pack'd up with the Bottom 1 about half or the whole are boil'd, and further refin'd with the Paneels, The Middlo is carry'd to the Store-houfe, as fit for the Mar- ket -, yet the fined of this fort will have a Foot\ that is, a Sediment at Bottom, after 'tis in th^ Hogihead| which will be blacker than the reft, moifter and fouler, occafion'd by the Melaffes that remain in it. This is the Sugar that is commonly imported, and is fit for both the Grocer and Sugar-baker. Nine Pound of the Juice of the Cane, which is a Gallon, makes but one Pound of Mufcovado, and one of Melaffes *, the refl is Skimmings and Dregs. If the Canes be not good, then Nine Pounds make but three Quarters of a Ponnd of Mufcovado Sugar, and the like Qiiantity of Melaffes. The Badnefs of the Canes was, in times pafh caus'd either by their being planted too thick, wnich inter- cepted tne Heat from penetrating thro* them to the Roots, or a wet Seafon, by which fome will be ripe, and fome not \ and what are of them, will not be fo much in Quantity, nor fo ^ood in Quality. There was as much Difierence between the Su- gar made of fuch fort of Canes, and of fuch as were ripe, as there is between Cyder made of Applet growing on the Out-fide of the Trees, and of thofe that grow under theftiady Boughs, where the Sun cannot influence them with its warming Beams. This was when the Soil was too rich \ but now there's I14» Thi Mfi^ji ef Batbaik)es. no fuch Faulty 'and the Canes all ripvn wdl, if plan- ted in time. There are alfo other Caufes of Goodnefs of the Co- lour and Grain of (bme Mu(covado Sugar, and the Badnefsof others: As the Goodnefs and Badnefipf the Lands ' the Canes grow on ^ the g^ood or had ttixies of the Tear the Sugar is made m ^ and tho Art and Experience of the chief Boiler/ Thebeil Ipft is that which is of a lively, whitiOiand bright Yellow, with a fparkUng Grain. I have feen fome of this fort made at Mr. Wakt¥^% PUntation at ^JMlj fofine and white, that when there was a iMMivy Duty on fiift and fecond Whites, and another on Siigars fit for Ufc^ befides that on Mufcoviido, which continues to this Day, waspafthy theSur* veyors at the Cuftom-houfefor firft Whites, and his Coriefpondent Sir John Batodm, was mrc'd to ale a great deal of SoUicitation to set them off a||firrj. a Term the Merchants caU'd the (brt ne^ aWe Muicovado by, and was the loweft degree of Clay 'd or t^urg'd Sugars. Other forts I have feen as bad as ^^f^o-Sugar, and fit only foe ft Dutch Market The neit Operation with Suc;^, is refining the Mufcovado by the fame time-Wtatr^ as the Juice of the Cane is refined with *, and thefe Sugars ati «45 Qay, fomewhat like Tobacco Pipeiday, and temn per it with Water for that purpofc, to about the. Thicknefs of Pancake-batter s tney pour it with a' Ladle on the Sugar in the Pots, near an Inch thick \ which Clay has jl wonderful Power over the Sugar, to purge the grolier, flatulent, or treaclv Partdown^^ ward, and to caufe the Pot ut Sugar, which general- ly contains about half an hundred of Brown-fugar, to, become lefs in Quantity, and of feveral Colours and' Gogdnefs. For the fir.it three or four Inches on th0 Top of the Pot, the Sugar, after it has ftood four Months, is very white, near the Whitenefs of our $ugar*bakers Sug^r \ and the next four or five In* dies is not fo white \ and fo the whole Pot is in de- grees, till you come to the Bottom \ every Dei^ree , VoUU. L down- '. i i%8 BeA'i^j^ qTBarbkaocs. doWii^arcIs growing worfe and worfe. For tlite Reafon the Sugar-bakers and Clayers divide the le-^ vferal forts into Brfis^ Seconds^ Thirds^ and Fourths y cSth of which forts is packM in fcparate Casks frocn^ i^e other, and fold at difFtyrent f*rices, vt^-y far fhdit of what th^ bore in the Infiin'ty of the ColoA|^ Wl^ite Su jir feffing then fofio/. atiundred, atid now not for 3/. ' < ;' This Account is given us by Mr. Tryon^ who was nbt fb wefrfequaimed With the Claying ^^^ as he was. with. Mufcovado .: ^or the true Way ©f Claying dPSuj^a^ is this •, When the Liqbot is brou^ from the d^ii/ifriv it is ftrain'd. andvthe)i> carry^d iftto the Tach^s^ and made as other Su^afni arc : But Wi^n it comes i& jbtJ put into Poi^'^^li kfeptfttrW^I^ bfegins to codtr ' When it has iwert Jfitept' t4:h'^E%s, it 18 dug bp for *^6r thefe x t ot ib Vekrs, made' of the Growth of Sir Tmathy ^thm^plPs fnantatiofi. Sir John Bawdm\ and Mr. Wahtr^s. llie former had a Negro >wiio was allow'd to cbmmanicate his Ai^: to one of S^rjohit Bawdm\ a Boy)«^^ and he becanie ib excellent that ' f have hffiartf that Gentle- maa:ia|vhe wibiiii?nnn^of them, and in what therydiifer from Clay U » '. T he^Clay'd, as is bcfbre>mention'd, his no Lime* Water flit ii.io it, neither is it boil'd again, bat on- . 1 « L 2 ly i%7^ 1^. ThMMj <^ BftPbaaoest ^^ ly Pots of Mufeovado* fSug&r cU/d down ^ which Clayy by its iColdfiers, cdad^nfes, «nd fortcsKthe Mpmqre dpwuwairds ^ yet enotigJ; is left behind^ to i^ake it ; fe)^le| JL94 grofotluin ^efin*d Sa^tri wliichis Mij^QY?^ Doil^ o^vsTitgain, and^danfy'd \;ifitJi Liq!i«^Ater» potted and ftrein'd v- andtlm^t". ga,r will be drlee^ and^f «i in€>f» inkling White thaiii ^bright^oftheOiy'd* . , Dovble and ^ treble Refined is only the fimiie Sugar clarify*d tw^:e or thrice over. By which mcadi I luye feen f^rne Sugar whiter^^'Oie falling Snow^ ^ an^ of a Qei^n .as ttoe as Flower v yet of a Swoetnen tiiat nothingcoiild «qual, which was not of thie loice of the Onev atM) this ibid alttr the rateoTTeit I^oand a Hundred ^ when: firft Whites feech'dlH^ three Pounds ^r thi:e9 Pound ten Shiltings. \{-m^k - There are no gmt Quantities of this fort eipor^! ted from S4rhMhtJi the Uut^ on Refifl(*d Sugar i^ehif^ nolersthanjoA'aHandredin £iy£/be^ - '. caufe \ The JH^orji pf Barbadoes. caufc it came firfTfrdm ;j|r its Whitenefe and Dryriels^ and the' fame of refin'd Sugir •, thmi former of which has always a Foot^ or Sediment, and the ^t^er very little or none at all. ^ We have been the larger in our Account of this profitable Plant, becaufe^tis the main Article of the Britijh Commerce in America \ we have feen how •it rifes from a Root to a Plantj and have follow'd it ia all its Opi?ratior\s, till 'tis nt for the Table, or the Lidy's Confervatory •, by which we may fee how 'painfully and chargeaoly the Planters work up this Commodity, which we in England don't fet fo great a Value upon ^-s we ought : We have feen how the Cane is carry'd to the Mill, Cattle-Mill or Wind Mill, how the Juice is convey *d to the Ciltern, *tljience to fix or feven Boylers, thence to the Cool- er ^ how it is then put into Pots, then fet in the Curing- Room, thence remov'd to the Knocking- Room: All thefe Rooms are built conveniently, ■• gce^t many Pf 9ple imagine ^ who feeing no- dung ()ome from tjience Init Sugar, and a few othet CoDimodities, think i\\ the Merchants there are wholly employed in buying of Sugar, and (hipping it home.; > r This, ^tis true, is the mainiArtide, and *tis this jraws To many Trades after it, as to England^ (ot Neceflaries for the Subaftance and Cloathing of the planters, and t)ipir Famili|:svtoiV^ip-i^;ig/Jumber of Hands this|^tl^5pot of Ground employs, which We (hall treat of eliewhere, and what great Com- merce it occafions in thofc Parts of the World. As to its Trade with England^ it formerly loaded 400 Sail of Ships, nioft of them of confideraDle Bur- then, with Sagar, Cotton, Ginger, &c. Since the War that Number is decreas'd to 2 jo '^ and evca that is much more than all the other Sugar-Iflands put together ever loaded home. ^ The Inhabitants at firll planted Tobacco, and fent It to Englandy but 'twas found to be fo bad, that Neceflity, as well as Profit, oblig'd them to look out for (ome other Trade, tho as good Tobacco as Any in the World has grown there. Indi- \ The tSftory of lk^\iiii^ iikid^g6 was fliip^ thence «t there is nowlitt\eqr ndftef mafdte jn the Iflana, Of Ginger fcrap^icl and Icalcted thdy iiiakli great <^anti- ties, and have abundance of Cotton-Shriibs^, aOom* modity that turns Very well t6 accbuiit. TheyalfofliiftXigwwwf^^j, Succats, Citi'on-Wa- ter, Melaffes, Kym, and Lime-juicj^ for EnglMeU The two laft Commodities) about 20 Years ^Jgo, us'd to come in Kegs for Prefents, fo did the $uc- cats ', and the Citron- Wa,ter in Bottles : But now French Wine and 3randy are dear, and Ijensont {carce, Rum-Punch has been much us*d, and Iin)e-4uice fupply'd the place* of Lemons. Thefe Goods they confign to their Fa£i;ors pr Corre- fpondents in England , who have 2 and an half per Cent, Commiflion for Sales, and as much ibr Returns \ and one half fer Cent, CommiHion, for paying and receiving Money by Bills of Ex- ichtnge. The Merchants in Barhadtei have f per CenK Com- miiiion for Sales,, and jperCem, for Returns \ which^ together witk'^^her Advantages, ma^ke their ^ufi- nels very advantagious ^ but they are apt to inipofe upon the Ptantin in the Priced otwhat they buy and fel)^ obliging them to take their Keceifaries, which they know they muft have, at what Rates^ they pleaf^', and giving them the(amefor their Sugar, which they know tney muft fell Mo{l of the Mei'chants there are a fort ofShop^ keepers, and retail their Goods in their Ware- houies. Of late there are feveral Shop-Keepers, who buy whole Cargoes of them at fo much per Cent, Advance upon the prime Coft in the Invoice, and Tetail out the Goodi afterwards. Thefe Goods, which are all brought from England^ or Ireland^ are, * Ozinbrigs, which is a chief Commodity, vaft Quantities being confum'd by thtt Servants and Slaves, whofe Cloithing is made of this fort of Lirvnen. i.inntn of all forts, for the Planters and their Fa- milies. Broad Broad Qoth and Kerf]^, for the Planters oWn Ule^ orthfir OveHeers. > v^/ Silks and StofiS) for their Ladies and Houihold ^r,jr. jServants. ,; ."^ ' K«d Caps, for Slaves^ Male and Female. .^Stockings and Siloes of all forts, for Mailers and ^, Servants. '. Qloves and Hints, of all Sorts and Sizes. ^ Millenary- Ware and Periwigs. . lAces for Linnen, Woollen and SilkSf , Beef from /reldiPM/. * Pork from England or Ireland, Peafe, Beans, Oats, and Bisket. The three for- mer froi^ the Vhfi Country v the latter from iondon, the Bread being better the^e than in any other part of EifglMid, and will keep bet* ter^ which is a great Cotwenience now, that good Bisket is bought for 8 /. a Hundred. Bt ttiat time it gets to\S^rW0«j, perhaps it will be half Worm^aten, or at leaft by that time '^s half ipent, the reij; wiU be good for no- ' thing. This Damage is jit(miiio» Clocks and Watches feldom go right there v but I believe th^ Watch-makers are as often in the Faulty or the Owners, at leaft,^in not looking well afb^ them, as the Air, the Dampnefi of which is faid to ai3Fe£^ the Springs : and Movements fo as to render the Motion uncertain. 1 know a Gentleman who carry'd over a Watch to Barhadoeiy of Wattrs^t making, ten Years ago, after he had had it four in England *, and that Watch went well for feven Yean there, without wanting to be clean*d or fifthted.: Whereas a Watch made at the fiime time oy the fiune Man, of tht (ame Price, and with equal keep- ing, was fpoil'd in a much lets time in Endand^ without any Accident coming to it *, and yet K>r fe- veral Years it went as well, or better, than the o- ther, which has been fince another Voyage to Baf WofJ^ and goes ftill well without ihending. And this is a plain Proof, that the Climate is not fuch an Enemy to the noble Machine, a Watch, as fome ignorant Vtyagtrs pretend \ who either ctrry'd o- ver Trafh, gr did not know how to u(e them. ^vAll forts of Jndi^ Goods and Torres, Coal% Pan- tilts, iiearth-flones, Hoops ^ and, in a word, every thing that's proper for an Engliih Market, or Fair, will fell there, the Differenced the Climates aiwayi confider'd. .Servants will go off well, efpedally fuch as are not tranfpurted for Crimes, bat go voluntarily. Of iJiefe many Companies have been fent from ScotUmd a and fince the Union has fucceedcd, 'tis to be hop*d many more will be tranfported thither. Bat upon the Difputes between the Two Nations, about the Wejt- India Trade, at Darim and elfewhere, the Scots deny'd the Engliih the Advantage which their Co* loniescfrew from their Plenty of Servants, occafion'd by the Nunsbtr of the Poor in that Kingdum. ; Mccha* «5» Tho 3,'' Sttti^ Vv^my Cbopnre, Taylrdr^^ go off beJBv and if- very good bnts^raite worth kf or 3.0 /. a piece tofc their jfive^ltorsfServic*. y ; •> . .sLI^id and t&e qdielrlikmds in King C^<«Wri*s Reignd ky under the Scahdal of kidnapping Ybmtg Men and Boys, that is, forcing or enticing them aboard Ship ^iwiottt their own; or friends Confehts y fome g^reat , * Ji/Tcpchants were charged with it, it^Sii iV, fiaymati, a .^it^fl/Merchant,a£hiaily try*d for it hvjud^e'jefferieyj batthe Fafl was never fairly prov'd upon them, And fince the Laws againftrit have oeen fo wdl put in Ek * ecution in the Colonies, as well as iaEttgtandj that •vicked Traffick is 4«ite deftroy*d.' There are fome Cautions necefTary to be ohferv'd by fuch as would fend a 'Cargo of wafting or pefimJible Goods to Sarbudoes^ which are, that they fhip their Buttery Oil, Candles, Liquors, and Provifions, as near as they can about the latter end of Septetrther^ and then the Ship on which they are loaden, may arrive about thef Middle of Novtffibtr^ the Length of the Voyage beia^ commonly fix Weeks, if thf Vefltl fills Av* reft ly thither. I have known a Ship, as particular- ly the Richard ^n^ Michael^ Ca^ain Jaitn WtUUmu Cominander, belonging to Mr. ^ch, Waker and Col. Michael lerrifl^to make the Voyage homewards in 23 Day^, the ihorteft; PaflTage that was ever heard oi from that Idand to En^mtd^ which is generally a fur er fdv^n Weejcs Voyage^homeward boimd^ and a five or ii»VfcefcsVoya^ outward bound. The Packcitl generally mak^ 'it ii^k'twenty fwjor twenty eigUt Care alfo Ihould be taken in^ the Choice of the Goods that ar(i bought to be fen t thither ; for If the Faftor or Merchant trnfl's to the Tradefmen in ILirn ^to, or other Plaices, he will often 6nd liis Mercisulfc dize come: out ^hjry ill in the Country.; where 'h« fliouM have a gooli} Gorrelpondent to give him c«ff* ftant Advke of the Demand of alt foritsof Coitimd^ ditk^, ibme of thofe we have mention 'd always go* ingoffberter than others, according to itheir Scarw dtyv'tnd tliie Keceilicy ot the Plantttr. Me muft-W fure to be aiiindfur^cheir beiitg.>^ll pack'd,.eli)c^ cially Millenary Ware, GlalTcs, and all Goods tnat ire 1 ^.^ '- - -■ nand I Ship great, feriesj r, .and inEX' f, that efome would ods ta Buttery as they *en die wutthe Voyage fdUs di- ticttlar- VtBmi .nd Col. ds in ^2 eard of IW a flic Id ja five Packciti cy eigktt ; of the >rif the 4erd»iifc lere'he ini c«fl* vays go* ir Scarw ttiuftW 'd,-efi^ )ods that are are eaffly broken, or he will unload RoUHfli inftead ot Merchandize, wke^ he comes to JSarr tit The Frieght of Goods homeward before theiati War was j or tf /. a Tun, and; fince it has beei^ 12 /. a hundred, which is as^ood as .thirty Poundi a Tuir% for many Hogfliead^of Sugar weigh 12 aUd 15 war dred Weiglit^ of which four make jtf hundred, air moft three >un'^ of >2o hundred to the Tun V-i|ind I have feen Barrels of 8 hundred Weight a piece, at wiiich Weight thisre was ffij.huhdred Weight to the ,8 Tun *, V^diat 12 s,per Ctnt, Freight, from Bar- jfodoesto ^LofidoBy amounts to near 4.0/. a T^hk Freight. Outward bound us'd be 20 /. and > new 4 or y /. a Tun. Thefe are grievous Burdens t^ the Planters, which they have np way to pre- vent •, but of this we mull: treat: more largely elf«p where. < Sugars in King James Reign fold for 20 and 2 1 jr. a Hundred v'«"he courfeft of all for 17 and 18/. and the fame fdrts fell now at 3 o and 5 2 jp. They fpld in King IViHiam's.Ui^n for near 3 /. and Whites propor- tionably^ wiiich Kates being occafion'd by bad Crops Storms, or Captures, thePlntersmuft not e!{pe£i: to fee again in their Accbunis of Sales, unlefs the fame Acciwnts happen. ■• f Weihall fiot enter into the Detail of the Prices of all the Gbmmgdities that come firom Barbadoq^ anB ihould not hav^ faid fo much of this, but that*tis the Cai>ital bne, and t^ere*s fomething in the Account that is Hiftorical. The next Trade to the Eriglijh in Barbadoes i« the African^ which is manag'd chiefly by the Royal Afrt^ can Company's Agents there, who are at prefcntCo^. Butler^ Mr. Bafet^:.%Ti6. Mr. Stewntdy Merchants at the Briiige ^ but that Company do not engroft the Trade as they did formerly, to the great lofs of the London MerchaDts,jtvho paid them 40 per Ctm, Ad- vance Money on their Cargoes to Guinea^ for Liber- ty to Trade *, and befides that, were oblig'd to l^t the Company buy their Merchandize, and charge them at their own Rates*, which, with other Advantages, were as good to that Society as €0 per Cent, on all the Merchants Invoices, that dealt to Ajrica for > Slaves. ^ ■ n66 The Htjlmy of Biir^^bes. SlaveitT tliat Trade is now open, and lo per Oml Ijftly )^id by all Merchants, trading toCmtua for Negroes, to the Royal Coff^any^ towards maintaining tbeir Forts and Caftlest ^ ^ The Commodities fent from England thither* aie ' OiHiSy Powder and Arms, Perpetuanoes, Tallo^, ^. as eUewhere mentioned ^ fome Hats^ and other / VfiearingAppal^el. TheTriCe of a Negro in Cidma $o Years ago ^Rras 50 /. or 3 /. and now the Batharians ond^rftand thtil?' Advantage, and oar Neceifities k #ell, that they h6Id up their Slaves at ^, xo, and ta/. a Head, which^ ocqifions their Deameft at the Plantations^ Where 20 Years ago they were fometime^ fold at the fitmeRates. The Planters having been a long time impos'd up- on by the Company's Agents, and private VifkotSy in the Price of tneir Negroes, have lately fallen very much into this Trade themfelves. They fend to England for what Cargoes they want for the Voya^e^ anddifpatch away finall Vellels, either alone, or in Paitnerfliip. to GmntOy to bring them Slaves to fup- ply their Plantations^ which mofl every Year be re- crnited with 20 or 30 Negroes, for every 4 or joo Acres, or their Stock wilffoon come to nothing: For Hands lare the Life cS all Bafine6 in Barbadots^ an4 'tis the want of them that keeps the Planters poor, ythtiti they h\{ into tho(^ unhappy Qrcumftances. ^ The other confiderable Trade that remains to be treated of, is that to Madtra, for Wines, which is the chief Drink of the IHand that the Gentlemen make ufe of, either by it felf, or mix'd v^rith Water : Of thefe there are at^outjooo Viipenj Malmfey iiXidi Vidoniay imported in a Year either by the Lmden Merchants, or the BarMians themfelves. The firft Coflf at Madera i? from 20 to 25 Milrees a Pipe, etth Milree worth a s. a d. of our Money, that is from 7 to ^ /. a Pipe, befides Charges *, and the Value at Barbadees, from x8 to 20 /. a Pipe, according to the Plenty or Scarcity of the Commodity. This is a noble Wine, and has one peculiar Quality, that it keeps the Better for being *e0thot That Wine which comes dire^ly from Afadera to England dt'inka paU'd^ in Comparifon .*2Y .; j,f Tie Hifiory of Barbadocs. of that which comes round by SarbadoeSy and fb home ; which, in time of War, is the moft ofual way ot importing it here. Tho Barkadoes could never boaft of equal Advan- tages with Jamaica^ as to the Trade to the Spmifi Weft-Indies J and had never fuch fieibrt of Pyrates, who. are the Men that make Silver plenty, yet 4 or i Years ago there was a great running Ca(h in the Ifland, thought to amount to no le& than 200000 /. Sterling in Value, many Merchants at the Bridge having paid loooo /. ready Money uponOc- cafion *, but that Plenty is now fo abated, that 'tis well if there's a fourth Part of that Sum at this time at Barbadoes, This was occaHon'd chiefly by the go6d Weight of their Peices of Eight*, and the Pro- clamation put forth in England in 1 702. to reduce G)in to a certain- Value by Weight, which tempted many of the Traders to buy up the Silver, and export it to the other Iflands, or to England^ to fave the Pre- mium of ^i\\%oi Exchange \ which, on the calling in of the Pieces of Eight, and eftabliihing Paper Credit, ro(e to ^o,and is now $s per Cent, and in time of Peace, when Trade flourifh'd, was but i o or 1 2 per Cent, By the Laws of the Country, all Pieces of Eight, SevtS^ Mexico, and PiUars^ were to pafs for t s, and all • half and quarter Pieces in the like Proportion. The Eight-Pieces, or fev<;n Pence Halfpennys, are call'd BitSy and is generally the Money that paflTes in the Markets or Ordinaries. Light Pieces, and thofdof bafer Allay, were forbidden to be imported from Eng- landj where 'twas a common thing to buy up fuch Pieces, and fend them to Barbadoes. Tho the Cur- rency of this Money was thus fettled, yet there was not enough of it to anfwer all the Neceflities of Trade, and the Merchants bartered the Commo- dities they imported for Sugar, Cotton, Ginger, and the Product of the Ifland \ Mufcovado Sugar being the general Medium of Commerce there, as well as in the other Iflands. The only thing that remains to be treated of un- der this Head, is the Infurance, which Merchants and Planters make for the Security of their Trade, and this is fo extravagant in Time of War, that the Infurers will have joper Cent, put and home, when 161 Vol. II M before i62 The Hijiofy of liir^idocs. before the War they would have' been glad With 7 or 8. The Uncertainty of fuch Infarthces, linoft of the Infurers having been ruin'd by it, infomuch that of 2000 /. in one PoUicy, I have known x 500 bad before the'Lofs happen'd, makes the Planters run their own Risk,' and fome of them have loft ten thotdand Pound in a Year too by the venture, which leaasus to the next Article. CHAP. IX. Of the Riches of the IJlundy in the Time of its Profferity ; the Advantage it has been to £ngland \ the Difadv Ant Ages it ties un^ der ; Attd how it mAj be reliev'*d And if^ frov*d, "fi^Hen we examine the Riches that have been rais*d ^^ . by the Produce of this little Spot of Ground, we Ihall find that it has been as good as a Mine of Silver or Gold to the Crown of England, By the vaft Number of Mouths it feeds in this Ifland and that, the Fleet of Ships it us'd to employ, the Numbers of Marines it bred, and the Addition it has made to the National Stock, as well as the great E- flates that particular Men have got by it *, for ( to fay nothing of Men worth looooo or 150000 /• in the IHand) how many Merchants have in a lit- tle time acquir'd Lands, Honours, and Offices, by . the Credit and Profit of this once thriving Trade, which in the Reign of King Charles the Ilu. os'd to employ 400 Sail of Ships, of 1 jo /. Tuns each- one with another, in all 60000 Tuns, which coulo not be manag'd by lefs than 2000 Stamen, nor the Fa- milies that fuhfiiled at Home, by building and fitting out fo many Ships, contain le(s than 8 or 1 0000 Souls f The Import from the [Hand us'd to come to joooo HogHicads of Sugar, of which half was for a Home, and haif for a Foreign Coniimiption j and by the The Htftory of Barbad oes. the 15600 Hogiheads fpent at home, no leis than 10060 Souls more were maintam'd, and fome of them rnrich'd. The Neat Proceed of thefe Sugars might mount to about ayoooo /. and that ot the other JcHUitioditics, as Ginger, Cotton, MelalTes, &c. to T 00000/. more, in aU to jjoooo /. half of which «ras return'd in Manufactures and Goods froorhencci hr they eat^ drink, and wear all of the Produft ot ^ngloM^ and by this Means 20000 Mouths* more ere provided (ou Befides as many that fubfifted y working or retailing thefe Commodities. In all, fcy a modeft deputation, one may venture to affirm, [That the Barhadoes Trade did* not fubfift lefi than koboo Ferfbns inEn^(tnd\ and there being then 50000 in Barhadoesy this Ifland maintain'd x 00000 Souls, all Sngtifif or Europeans^ a 5qth Part of the Inhabitants [of the5r/r//& Empire vtno cafculating by the Number [of Acres, it is not a thoufaftdth Part as big, reckoning t^e three Kingdoms only. By the x 5000 Hogiheads exported to Holland^ HambiirgL and the Stretghtt^ ^here copfiderable Qpantities of Clay'd Sugar were JTent to AUcantj Gema^ Leghorriy and Naplesy the National Stock was eyicreas'd 1 50000 /. befides what /as rais'd by It in the Exportation of Ginger, Indi- ^o^ &c, which altogether was a yearly Advantage to the Nation of 200000 /. and this for 20 Years ^ ther makes 4 Millions *, and allowing but half that »um for the laft 20 Years, 2 Millions, it will amount bo 6 Millions, which the Publick has encreas'd its itock by this Trade in 40 Years time: Befides that, t brings in 30 or 40000 /. yearly to the Exchequer, iy Cufioms and Impofts, and has drawn little or othing out of it for its IJefence. On the contrary, I or 7000 /. yearly has been remitted thence to the freafury here, for the 4 and a half per Cent. Duty ^ id what Charge the Inhabitants have been at for leir Security, has all come out of their own Poc- kets, excepting (bme few Guns, and fame Ammuni- tion, that have been fent them very fparingly from \Endand, This has occafion'd great Complaints in that Plan- Itation, and frequent l^etitions for Redrefs from their Agents here. In the late War they were obliged to I go thro' all without the leaft Affiflance, excepting in M 2 one i5j 461 ^ $ The Hifiory ^Barbadoes. one or two Exp<^ditions againft the French^ whicli put them to morl* Charge than the Government re* ceiv'd Benefit by it ' , In this War they have far'd better, which they owe to the prefent prudent Adminiftration : For Care has been taken to have Supplies of Warlike Stores, fent them. But they are lliii under an un- fpeakable Want of Fjands, which not only oCcIl* jions ^their negle£ling to manure many Thoufands of Awres, but alfo the high Price of Servants and Slaves. This would be in fome meafure preven- ted, by fending them 5 or 600 M«|^ to man theic Forts, that they niight not fear a Surprize, and be able to emf)loy tHeir own Hands on their Planta- tions* Several Regiments have been lent to the Leward Idands and Jamaica^ but it has not been the ^ood Fortune of the Barbadians yet to have any fufficient Number of Men left among them. On the contra- ry, they have drain'd their own Ifland^ to defend the others. They fent down 1500 Men with Sir T>i«oriEjy71>tfrw- hilL Sic. againft Afartimco, in Kinjg Willianis Reign, and 1 000 with Col. Codrington againft Cuardalovpe^ in Her prefent Majefty's, of whom many Hundreds never return'd . yet there never were any Recroits fent in their PI ices* The War at home takes up all thofe fpare Men, that would otherwife tranfport themfelves, or be tranfported thither -j and the Scots, fince their hard Ufage at Danen^ will not furniih our Colo- nies with Servants, as they us'd to do, at rea- fonable Rates \ which altogether has reduced the Ifland to fuch a fmall Strength, that perhaps her grea- tell Security is, that her Enemies do not know her Weaknels. The Aft for the 4 and an hiM per Cent, (ays in the Preamble of ir, that'twasgiven towards the raifing and maintaining the Forts, building a St^te-houfe, &c. This Revenue brings in fome Thoufands Yearly \ and from the time it was firft given, may have a- mounted to above 300000/. yet there was not a thouland Pound laid out by the Government for the Ufe The Hifiory of Barbadoes. Ufeofthelflandy inall KineCW/^/» KingJ^isf/, or King IVtSiatn's Reigns. Pendons were granted out of it; and what the Barbadians wanted, they were forc'd to raife themfelves by other Taxes. Neither ^ in all this time have the Agents, tho they have good Sallaries for minding their Anairs, done them any conHderable Service, in getting this Revenue, or part of it, appropriated to the Ufes it was given for. Convoys, 'tis true, have been fent thither, and Ships nave lain there fome time for the fecurity of the Commerce*, but they have not been able to hinder the French Privateers from furrounding the Ifland, and taking all Ships that come that way. Homeward or Outward bound. * Twelve Privateers have rov'd off the Ifland at a tin^e, and a Man of War lain all the while ih the Harbour ^ the Captairi of which pretending want of Hands, has refus'd to ftiroat, tho he has been defir'd todoit.in very pref- fing Terms. For when thofe Officers get there, and out.of the hearing of the Admiralty- Board, theya£l ibvereignly, and think their Power fiould be dire* fted by their Pleafure. ^ The Lofs of their Barbadoes Ships in the Wars with Frame has been a dreadful Blow to the Plan- tfers, Merchants, and all that have any Concerns in that Ifland.. They have fuffer'd more than any other Trade whatfoever. Their Loft by Captures, within the Compafs of one Year, of the laft War, being computed at 3 8 0000 /. And in the Year 1 704. out of A Fleet of 3 5 Ships, 27 were taken. Out of ano* filer of 6 Ships 4 were taken: And out of a Fleet of 40 Ships the greateft Number were loft to the French, How to jremedy this Evil is apparent enough, but it does not become us to direA our Superiours, whofe XVifdonis may liave thofe Reafons for afting other- wife, which we may not be able to anfwer. Some light Frigats to cruize off tlie Ifland there, and fome others in the Chdps of the Channels, would perhaps prevent the Lofs of fo many ot pur Wefi India Ships *, and the Trade is fo profitable, iwould very well anfwer the Charge. " Infurances are fo high, the Planters cannot afford to pay the Premio's. Ifthey do, the Infurance Money r . ' ■ ' M $ ' foni^- l^S 1 66 # The Hipry of Barbadoes. fomctimcswill not pay the firft Coft. Butfappr img the Infurers ftand, the Deduftions of 1 8 and So /. per Cent, for no manner of reafon, the Expence of Meetings, Commiffion and other Charges, rife fo nigh, that if the Planter has one Hogihead in two comefafe, without Infurance, he had fitter run ti^c? risk. This is only prevented by the Security of our Trade. And that is a general Article, wjhich woul4 be too tedious to treat of here. The Barbadoes Trade has noth^ig particular in this from the others, but that ithas peen more ijin- fortunate. Another main Difadvantage which they lie under, is the Difcouragement that is given to their Claying and Refining their Sugars, by thehea* vy Duty that is laid on all Firft and Seconds, nolefs than 1 2 J. a Ijundred. By which mean^ tHey areforc'4 to fend home their Sugars unpurfl*d, to their very great Damage y for they coula refine their .Sugar? more eafiiy, and at a cheape|: Rate than the Sugar Bdktx%'v\Engl!hnd, The low Prices of that Commodity in this War time, have been another Calamity to the Barhadi- *ns. During the laft War they had terrible Lofles, but then their Sugars fpld welL from jo s. to j /. % Hundred J but now., they fejl for t9or32/. a Hun- dred: And this is occafion'd chiefly by the very thing that one would think fhould keep yp the Price, by the Number of the Ships taken by the French. Fori, as we have (aid, half of the Sugars imported from Barbadoes is for a Foreign Market •, and when they were in demand abroad, they were alwayt (o at home : Whereas now the French fell them cheaper than the Englifti, and glut the Foreign Markets, by the Quantities they export of the Produftof our own Plantations. The Price of Sugars has lately been very much ef- fected, by the Dutch bringing fonie Thoufands of Chefts from tha Eafi-I»dies. They can afford to do this in time of War, when the Commodity bears an anfwerable Price : But in peaceable Times 'twill not turn to account. In the mean while, the Barbadians • feel the Damage of it to their Trade *, and the only way to prevent it, is, by lellening the Duty upon . , Wnite The Hificry of ^arbailocs. Wliite Sugars, that they mil be able tounderfell them abroad j for all Nations have a Right to plant what they pleafe in their ow/i Soils^ and Tell the Pi 6- dd^ of it where they caii find a Market, andth^ chcapefl Will alwayy hive the Preference, The exceffive Freights,, 20 and 2j/. a Tun, isa- nother vaft Diladv^ntage to the Barbadians j and the only way to remedy it, is to take fuch Care here of fending them Convoys and Fleets, and fiirnilhing their Ships with Seaman, that Owners may be in- courag^d to let their Ships out for that Voyage \ and if they had Ships enough, Freight would retunl to itsoldRate. The Exchange of Money whi^h has been yo, io^ and 70/. per Cent, is a great Balk to the Trade 1 and the protefting the Planters Bi I h in £»^/^» Commiffian^ •■■ it lies in JO Degrees, 30 Minutes, North Dititude) and is aboat 4.0 Miles long, and 40 Miles over, where it is broadeft. There are feveral high Mountains in the midfl: of it, which encompais an inacceilible Bottom \ where from the Tops of certain Rocks may be (een an infi- nite Number of Reptiles of dreadful Bulk and Length. Tho the EngUfit pretend to be Lords of this Idand^ they never durft attempt to make any Settlement upon it, the Charibhofis arefo numerous^ and we fhould have treated of that barbarous Nation under this Head, if we had thought the Place belong'd to the Enilijh : We have therefore fpoken of them it large in the Hiftory of St Chrifiophersj the nioft con- fiderable of the Charibhee Iflands, at leaft of thofe in Poflcflion of the Ettglijh, to which the Reader is referr'd. There's none of them fo populous as Do- mimco. The Natives tell all Strangers, who come to vifit it, a ftranjge Tale of a vaft monftrous Serpent, that had its hhode in the beforemention'd Bottom. They affirm'd, there was in the Head of it a very (barklin^ Stone, like a Carbuncle, of ineftimable Price •, that the Monfter commonly veil'd that rich Jewel with a thin moving Skin, like that of a Man's Eye4id, and when it went to drink, or fported it felf in the deep Bottom, it fully dtfcover'd it, and I the Rocks all about receivM a wonderful Luftre from the Fire ifTuing out of that precious Gem. Th ; s Story is fo Romantick, we wonder the French have not found out a St. George to kill this fiery Dra- gon \ and no doubt they would have added abun- dance of fine Stories of the Amours of tuclo gallant Canmhals. They had formerly a King here, or rather Cap* tain, who in all the Wars the Natives had with their tncmies on the Continent, led the Vanguard of their Army, and wis diftinguilh'd by a particular Mark that he had about him. TUn 17a TJfe Hifii»y of J^mmico, The Frfur^ have frequented this Ifland more than the EngUjh^ tho the latter (ay it belon^i to ifcem *, but whatever is the Matter, the Charibbtans have always !ov*d the former better^ perhaps there is more Agreement between the Difpofition of the French and thefe Barbdriofu^ than between the Eftg- lijh and them. Hither retreated the Charibheanf when the Europeans drove them out of the other Iflands. The French made Peace with all thefe Iflanders in the Year i THE of in all nd for a- muft be a Right lx)U^ht ill never part m * ■ "■- -•' - i^-rfMaMaaitai^ mamim^A HISTORY OF THE Leward-Iflands. JNTEGO. ' jfNTEGO lies between Barhadoes mdDefira- ■*^ do •, in x6 Degrees, and 1 1 Minutes, North Latitude. Tis about 20 Miles long, and as many broad, in feveral Places. The Accels of it is dange- rous for Shipping, by reafon of the Rocks that en- compafsit. There re few or no Springs of fj cfh Water in this \(\g' d J on which account 'twas for a lone time t.ioi^ght to be uninhabitable: But the Lord FrarfCis Willoughhy^ ;^bou*- the Year 1661. pro- cur 'd a Ormt of tiiii lilanu of Kin^ Charles the Se- cond ;, and about th; Year i tftf-y. Yi-^ited a Colony here. Tis truj, the Englifh, in Sir Thomas Warner*s time, difccv r'd tliis Illi'id, and Come Families fet- tled upon It, 30 Years before the Propriety was franted to the Lord Willoughby. But fo uncertain was their Settlement, ihat the French intended to Jiavc pofTefs'd tJiemfclves of this Kland, after the Spaniards had driven them out of St Chrifiophers^ had they not afterwards recover 'd their part of chat file. The ,^ m ■% -9 ■•a«v 'V/, V^ Jj,tr Y;-f ■-"i( U k 1- {■m u \^ ^, ' t ^\:V f <••*'- f -^ h \0\ A^!!» -^'^^M^)u -<. r«> V (;i' .\i. 'm. •^^% r f "S* ►* t ■^-^Jc:, ..>• i»^*- >* 'V » J '»! '♦i»i. 'ik • TVk^- ii ; '.\"4! iir...*a». jf^^^-v . H'-j* u M. 'W.^"^'^^' '1{ ^?"\ * ll Titi.A.Ji*/* Jt^^' ^^. '4fc!iRt: >G^ IHILISTOPHSRSI ^ Har. Jfall gy >iy4■ iyy ^<[ ( ■■■■:■ ■ . II. ".'-is. _"% ..» <> ■•■,r.??./.?' -»>v > , .if , 'xvsm^iikHVtn. '."> ^ff: J . '^^ i\ i . •■..•V- '.»ft-tvv*-.:. The JSjfory tf Antego. ^ The Ifland is divided into 5 PariOies, three of which are little Towns ^ as St yohn*sTmn to the Northward ^ and Falmouth and Bridge-Tovm to the Southward. The other two Pariihes are, St«i— -£- and St.. St. John*% Harbour is the nioft commodious. Be- fides which there are feveral other good Harbours \ as Bv€ Jfland Harbour^ fo call'd, from 5 little Iflands to the Weftward of the Iflc. Carlijie Bay, EngUJh Harbour, at the Bottom of which is Fd- mouth Town, defended by Charles Fort. Next to it is WilloughhyBay, On the Eaft Shore is B^' ^e- Town J then Green Bay^ off of vthich is Green id^ then Nonfuch Harbour, a fpatious Bay. OfFthisCoaft, on the North-Eaft Shore, are feve- ral little Iflands, call'd Polecat Iflandy and Goat JJlcmd •, and more to the Northward, Guana IJland^ Bird Ijlandy Long Ifland^ Maiden JjUmd^ and Prickle* Pear Jjlana. The Capital of the Ifland is St John's Town, which confifts of about 100 Houfes^ and the Number.of Souls in all this Colony are computed to be about 8000 Whites, befidesthe Blacks, which were thrice the Number, but afe not now 18000. This Computation is the largeft that I have heard, and fome have inform'd me, there are not 1000 fighting Men in Antego •, which is fcarce credible, fmce the Ifland ij Yearsagorais'dand maintained a very good Regiment of 400 Men •, and one cannot fuppoie they fpar'd above a third Part of their Num- ber for the War. ' As difficult of Accefs as this Ifland is, there are fo many Landing-places in it, that we wonder the French have not attack'd Antego, as well as the o- thers, where Landing was more difficulty the Forts that are there not being (b ftrong as thofe in the other Iflands were, nor the People (o numerous *, the Country however is rich, yet the French have not difturb'd it more than by Threats. The Want of frefti Springs in this Ifle is fupply'd by Citterns, in which tne Inhabitants catch Rain- Water, and fave it when they have done. There are fome Springs, but no River in the whole Ifland. «75 Some ^^!^% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^A ^ <.%^ ^ <^ -^.-5. '^o\ 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WIUTIR.N.V. MSM ( 71* ) 173-4503 K^^ I 176 f* J9. The Hiftory of Antego. Some Creeks are to be met with here, as two at the Bottom of Tive ^497^ Harbour, andonecali'd Mian Creekj between Eftglifi^ Harbour and Wittauglf by Bay. We cannot at moft fay very much of the LmctrA Ifland^ there having fev^r memorable Events hap- gm'd in them \ and they being all of them feparate overnments, under one Governour, or Captain General, theSucceffion of the Deputy Governours, appointed by the Governours in Chief, is (b uncer- tain, that we cannot pretend to put them in a true Order •, and therefore (hall only name them, as we have occafion to mention any Fa^s wherein they were concerned. But before we proceed in our Account of ylnfffffy we think it not improper to finifli what we have to fay of the Climate, 5oil, Animals, Produ^ons, and Trade. The Situation of this Ifland (hews it moft be hot \ and the Heats are indeed more exceffive here than even in Barbadoes^ tho further from the Equator \ the Soil being more inclining to Sand, and the Ground not To well dear'd of Woods, may be the occafion of it. Turnados, or Hurricanes, us'd to be very frequent and troublefome here *, and they are but too much lb flill, as the Inhabitants have experienc'd this lafl Year, to their great Lofs, The Animals that maybe faid to be mofl peculi- ar to this Ifland are firfV, among the Fifh, the Do- rado, or Sea-bream, of which Mr. Davyes of Kidweify^ In his Verfion of the Hiflory of the CWi^^w Iflands, fays 'tiscaird, Dorado, becaufe in the Water the Head of it feems to be a green, gilt, clear Skie Colour, It takes a Plea fure in fol lowing the Ships, butfwims fo fwift, that he mufl be very dextrous who (hall take it, either with the Iron-hook, or Long-ftaiF with the Cafling-net at the End of it. No Man can imagine Fifh better furnifh'd for Swimming than this*, for it has the Fore-p:\rtof the Head fharp •, the Back briftled with Prickles, reaching to th** Tail, wMch is fork'd •, two Finns on each fide of the Head, and as manv under the Belly, fnull Scal^^ and the whole Body of a Figure rather broad than bi|;: The Hiftory of Antego. 1 77 big : All which give it a ftrange Command of the Waters. Some of them are about y Foot in Length. The Meat of this Fifli is a little dry, yet no lefs pleafant to the Tail than Trout or Salmon, ii> the Opinion of many. The Shark-Fifli abounds in the Charibbean Seas, and is obferv'd to be as common near JlnteBo^ as any of the other Iflands •, wherefore we fliall (peak of it in this Place. *Tis otherwife call'd the Requiem^ and is a kind of Sea-Dog, or Sea- Wolf, the moft devouring of all Fifli, and the moft greedy of Man's Flefti. He is dreaded very much by fuch as go a- fwimming ^ and that with very good Reafon, for he lives by Prey, and commonly follows Ships, to feed on the Filth caft out of them into the Sea, Thefe Monfters feem tobeofayellowifliCelour ^^'^^ in the Water. Some of them are of an unmeafura- ble Length and Bignefs, and fuch as are able to cut a Man ia two at a Bite. Their Skin is rough, and foft Files were formerly made of it, to polifli Wood. Their Heads are flat, and the Opening of their Mouth is not juft before the Snout, but under it •, whence it comes, that to faften on their Prey, they are forc'd to turn their Bellies al moft upwards. Their Teeth are very ftiarp, and very broad, being jagg'd all about like a Saw. Some of them have three or four Ranks of thefe Teeth in each Jaw-bone. They lie within the Gums, but they make theni fufficiently appear when there's occafion. The Shark-fifh is commonly attended by two or three Fifties, that go before him with a fwiftand ref»nlar Motion, and tlther hilt, or advance more or k(s, IS they perceive the Requiem does. Some . call them Rambos and Pilgrims *, and the French Ma- ' >*. • riner^, the Requiem's Pilots,becaufe thofe fmall Fifties feem ♦"o be their Guides. They are not much above a Foot long, and of a proportionable Bignefs. But their Scales are beautify'd with fo many pretty live- ly Colour;, that, fays my Author, itmightbefaid, , They are encompnfs'd with Chains of Pearly Coral^ £- merauld, and other Precious Stones. The Meat of tlie Requiem is not good, at leift when it is not very young. The Brains of the old ones arc thought to be a Remedy for the Stone VoLlK N *^r I 1^8 The fiiftory of AntQgo. or Gravel. The French and Portuguefe call this Filh Requiem^ or Felt, becaufe 'tis wont to appear in fair Weather. Its Liver, when boil'd, yields a great Quantity of Oil, good for Lamps. We might with as much Reafon perhaps have treated of thefe Fifties, when we wrote of any other Part of the Charihbee I/lands ^ "but we have plac'd ^ them here, for that we Bnd others have done fo be- fore us. The Bucane found on this Coaft, is, like the Indian Inhabitants, greedy of Man's Flefh. It refemblesa Pike in Figure \ but 'tis 7 or 8 Foot long, and pro- portionably big. It lives by Prey like the Shark, and furioufly fallens on the Man it can reach in the Water. Whatever it feizes, it carries off j and if it did not, its Teeth are fo venomous, that the leaft touch of them becomes mortal, it forae fovercign Antidote be not immediately apply'd. There's another Kind ot Bucanes. by fome call'd SeaWoodcoks. from the Figure of the Beak, which is fomewhat like a Woodcocks Bill, excepting that the upper part is much longer than the lower ', and that this Fifh moves both Jaws with like Facility. Some of them are fo big and long, that there are above 4 Foot between the Head and the Tail*, , and they are 12 Inches broad near the *Head, mea- furing fide ways. The Head is fomewhat like that of a Hog's, but il- luminated by two large Eyes, which are extreamly ihining. It has 2 Fins on the Sides, and under the Belly a great Pliimc, rifino higher and higher by de- grees, like a Cock's ComF, reaching from the Head almoft to the Tail, which is divided into two parts, tb.;. ic6. Befides this long and folid Beak, it has two forts of Horns, hard, black, and about a Foot and a half in Length, which han^ down under its Throat, and are pirticular to this kind of Fifh. Thefe it can cafily hide in a hollow Place under its Belly, which fervcs them for a Sheath. It has no Scales, but iS co- ver'd with a rough Skin, which on the Back is black, on the Sides sreenilh, and under the Belly iwhite. 'Tis fafe, out not pleafant, to eat the Meat of it. Ano« The Hiftorj of Antego. 179 Another Fifli found on thefeCoafts, iscaird the Ibid. Sea-Vrchin^ and well deferves that Name. Tis as round as a Ball, and full of (harp Prickles. Some Europeans who have taken them, have dry*d them, ' and lent them as Prefents to the Curious for Rarities to hang up in their Clofets. TheSea Parrots, common in thefe Seas, are fcal'd I^* h 9'« like Carps *, but as tO Colour, are as green as Parrots, vyhence they got their Name. They have beautiful and fparkling Eyes \ the Balls clear as Chryftal, en* compaft'd by a Circle lugent, enclos*d with another as green as an Emerald ^ of which Colour are the Scales of their Backs, and thofe under rhe Belly of a yellowifli Green. They have no Teeth, but Jaws above and below of folid Bone, which is very ftrong, and of the fame Colour as their Scales, divided into , little Compartments, very beautiful to the Eye: They live on Shell-fifti •, and with thofe hard Jaw- bones they crufti, as between two Mill-ftoncs, Oy- ilers, Mulcles, and other Shell-fifli, to get out the Meat. The Meat of them is excellent \ and fomeof them are fo big they weigh 20 Pound. ' The Elpadon, or Sword-Filh, is obferv'd to fre- Ib.p. loi. quent the Seas off thefe Coafts. It has at the End of the Upper-Jaw a defenfive Weapon, ab^ut the Breadth of a great Courtelas, which has hard and Iharp Teeth on both fides. This Weapon in fome of them, is about y Foot in Length, aoout tf Inches broad at the lower End ^ dmd paltfado'iiy toufe my Author's Words, with 27 white and folid Teeth, in each Rank *, to which the Bulk of their Bodies bears a Proportion. The Head of thefe Sea-Monfters is flat, and hide- ous to be hold, being ofthe Figure of a Heart. They ' have near their Eyes two Vents, at which they caft out the Water they fwallow. They have no Scales, but a ereyifh Skin on the Back, and a white under the Belly, which is rough like a File. They have j Fins, two of each fide, two on the Back, and that which fervcs them for a Tail. Some call them Satv^ Fiihes, fome Emperors^ becaufe there is an Hoftility between them and the Whale, which they many times wound to Death. N 2 TheCt. i8o The Hiftory of Antego, Thefe Fifh, and feveral others mention 'd in other Parts of this Treat! fe, are common alfo in other parts of the Charihbean Seas. But the Inhabitants are apt to give them other more vulgar Names *, and perhaps they will not be known to the meaner lort of them by thefe, no more than fome of the Fowl which we find treated of by Mr. Davyes in theabove- mention'd Hiftory : As the Canides, about the Big- lb,,/. 90. nefs of a Pheafant, of a moft beautiful Plumage. This Bird is more frequent at Curaffauy and there- fore we fhall fay no more of it here. The Flammam are great and beautiful Birds *, but we fhould not have mention'd it in this Article, be- caufe it delights in Fenny-Places and Ponds, that are not common in this Ifland, which abounds in all forts of Fowl, wild and tame. ^ . It has more Plenty of Cattle, and other Beafts, efpecially Venifbn, than any other of ourCharib- •bee Iflands', the Animals of which are much the fame, as alfo their Produftions. Sugar, Indigo, Ginger, and Tobacco, were the chief (growths and Commodities of Antego^ when 'twas firft planted \ but now Indigo and Ginger are very rarely cultivated there. The Sugar and To- bacco were both bad of the fort •, the former fo black andcourfe, thafone would fcarce have thought any Art could have reiin'd it j and as if our Englifti Su- gar-bakers fcorn'd to put iuch Dirt into their* Cop- pers, 'twas generally ihip'd off for Holland and Hamburgh, being fold for i' c : • ;•. ti The :^. The Hfjtoiy of Anttgo. The Succefs of the Expedition of St. Chrifiophers^ and other Enterprizes in the Leward Idand, will be related in the proper Places, where thofe Aftions were perform'd *, only we muft correft an Error in the Gaz^tte^ which on the xSth of September ^ 1690, told us. Eight hundred Men were raised rff Antego, for the Expedition againfi the French at St, Chrifto- phers j whereas, by an exaft and faithful Account of it, written by Mr. Thomat Spemery Jun. Secretary to the Honourable Sir Tim. Thornhllly Mufter-Mafter to his Regiment, and Deputy CortimiflTary, we find, tht Antego Resinient confifted of 400 only \ and in- deed if this liynd could raife 800 Men, and fpare them for fuch j n En^erprize, we may very well com- pute the Numtei of Souls at this time to be 14 or lyooo. \yhich none pretend there ever was in Afi- tego. This Ifland fent their Quota to all the Forces that were rais'd againft the French in the laft War. In the Year 1 696. the Hafiings Frigat was here, and fail'd for London^ Convoy to a liiiall Fleet of 1 1 Ships, which were above eleven Weeks in their Voyage. General Codringtcn dy'mg in the Year X69S. his Son Chrifiopher Codrington^ Efqj of whom we have Ipo- ken already, was appointed Captain General, and Governonr in Chief of the Leward Iflands \ and in purfuance of this Commiliion, he remov*d from England to this Ifland, wnere he moftly refided du- ring his Government, being one of the greateftPro-^ prietors in it. In January^ \ 699. Admiral Bembom arriv'd at the Leward 1 lianas, having Col. Co/lingrvood's Kep\mQiit on board, part of which was quarter'd in Antego., and part in the other Iflands. The Governour ha- ving recciv'd fome more Forces from England^ to maKe up the Lors of thefe, moft of them having dy'd in the Iflands, refolv'd, on th^ breaking out of the prefent War, to attack the French at Guar" daloup. The Merchants of Antego had equip'd feveral Pri*' vateers ^ vhich, \n Cortjundlion with fome Privateers of the other Iflands, and a Squadron of Men of War, made a Strength H S^a too mighty fdr the French IS5 i %u s> i The Hifiory of Antcgo* He rais'd a Regiment of Soldiers in jintego^ of which Colonel Byam was Colonel \ and the other Leward Iflands furnifh'd Men al(b for this Enterprize. On the 7t\io{ March^ X702. the General came off the Ifland of Guardaloupy with the Land and Sea Forces. The French (hot at them from the Shoar, but did' no other Mifchief than killing one Man, and wounding a Boy aboard the Commodore. The Fleet ftood off and on till the x oth, waiting the coming up of the Maid/tone Man of War, and fome other fmall Ships, which lay off of MaryGeUanta, When they arrived, the Govcrnour came to an An- chor, to the North- Weft of the Ifland, and or- der'd a Party of Men to land, and deftroy fome fcattering Plantations on the Coaft, which they did. On the 1 2th, Col. Bvam with his Regiment, and a Detatchment of 200 Men of Col. Whetham^ Regi- ' ment, landed by Break of Day, at a Place call'd Les Petits Hahitans \ where they met with fome Oppofi- tion, but foon oblig'd the Enemy to retire. About p in the Morning, Col. IVethamyWlth about 800 Men more, landed in a Bay to the Northward of a Town call'd the Bayliffe \ where he met with a vigorous Reflftance from all the Enemy's Forces, polled in a very good and advantaeious Breaft- Work. Thefe ply'd the Englijh continually with great and fmall Shot, while they were landing, parti- cularly in a more furious Manner at the Flag; yet notwithftanding all their Fire, the Englifl3 bravely march'd up to their Entrenchments » with their Muskets flioulder*d, without firing one Shot, till they could come up to lay the Muzzels of their Pieces iipon the Top of the Enemies Breaft- Works. The Englijh had j Captains kill'd at the Head of their Granadiers, before they could make themfelves Mafters of the firft Breaft Work. Col, Willis fignaliz'd himfelf in thisAftion, by his great Bravery •, and all the Officers and Soldiers behav'd themfelves, on this Occafion, like Engliflmen fight- ing with French^ we mean, like Men born to con- quer. By Noon they ha^ mafter'd all the Enemies Oat- Works. In an Hour after, the Town call'd the Bayliffe was taken \ as aUo the Jacobinef Church, which The Hiftory of Antego. 187 which the French had fortify'd, and ten Pieces o{ Cannon. About 2 in the Afternoon, they took a Platform, where the French had planted three Pieces of Can- non, and a Redoubt with one. At Night, 400 Men, and the Regiment of Ma- rines, attack'd the Jacohine Plantation, and the Breaft- Work along the Jacobines River \ which was the flrongeft and moft advantagious of any the French had in the Weft-Indies^ yet they quitted it after the Engli/h had fir'd but two Volleys of Small-Shot at them. The next Day the General marched without any other Oppofition, than that of the Enemies Cannon playing upon him, and pofTefs'd himfelf of the great Town, caird Baffeterrcy where the £/i^///& ftay'd a- bout a Week, fending out Parties to burn and de- ftroy' the Inhabitants Houfes, Works, Sugar Canes, and Provifions. They laid Seige to the Fort and Caftle of BajfeterrCy and advanc'd within Piftol-Shot of the Fort, and within Musket-Shot of the Caidle, having 1 6 Pieces of Cannon mounted for Battery : Into thefe Forts, and another call'd the Dadaw PecIL the Inhabitants retir'd with their Families and beft Effef^s, leaving all the open Country at the Mercy of the Englljh, who had been taught by the French to ihew little enough on fuch Occafions. But all thefe SucceiTes were render'd fruitlefs by ' feme unhappy Differences among the Commanders, and fomcthing muft be imputed to the vigorous De- fence of the French^ and the Sicknefs of the Englijh Soldiers, which oblig'd the General to reimbark his Men, after they were fo near making a Conqueft of thislfland. In the Year 170+. Sir WilUam Matthews was made Governour of the Leward'J/Iands ■. who dying foon after, Col. Park of Vtrginia^ who brought the Queen the Glorious News of the Viftory the Duke of Marlborough obtain'd over the French at Hochftety and was his Aid de Oxnp.liad the Govern- ment of thefe lOands conferr'd on mm. He arriv'd at :4ntego the 14th ofjuly^ 1706, and made this the Place of his ReHdence : Nevis had been deftroy'd • (>y the Frmch fome Months before. St. Chriftophers had* --"(rT- iiS The Hiprj^ of Antego. had alfo fufFer'cl ei^treamly by an Invafion, but Atte- go was not attempted by them. About the time that Colonel Park arriv'd, an TriJ^j Veffel from Betfafij having on board nine Men and fix Boys, was attack'd in Sight of this Ifle by an ope'T Sloop with 50 French Men aboard, and made fo good a Defence, that 40 of the Enemy were wounded, and the Sloop was taken and brought into jintego, ' In the following Year, 1707. there happen'd the moft terrible Hurricane or Turnado, that ever was known in thcfe Iflind=. It damag'd them all, but Nevis and Antego more th in the reft. It blew down Houfes, Works, Trees, tore up Plants, Sugar Canes, and made almoft a general Deftruftion \ which fell the heavier, becaufe the Inhabitants had had fo many '| LofiTes by the Enemy in their Trade otherwife, that they could ill undergo it ; But this Blow coming from Providence, ought to be born more patiently by them. We (hall conclude what we have to fay oijin- tegoy with the Lift of the Officers, Civil and Milita- ry, as far as we could perfeft it. Govcmour and Captain General of all the Lexpard Jjhmds, Daniel Parky Efqj Lieut. Governour of Antego^ John Teamansy Efq', , . ;' Edv^ard Byanty Efq*, Prefident of the Council. «> > Counfellors. I ;• » Col. John Hamiltony ' ' Col. Rojviard W'llliamSy Col, WilHani 7 ' om.Uy Cc^. George Gambelly Col. Lucy Blackmorey Major Henry fyons. Major TiioniAs morris* J ' We have ks\. :?. .'jjuli v J. '#'• iKn^^ » fhr/J^ophcr iv^r^ \-\XL f U! nWJP'*''^ The Hifiory of Antego. Chrifiopher Codringtm^ Efq^ Charles MatheWj Eiqj William Codrington. EJq^ Barry Tankard^ Eiq^ Lawrence Crab^ E(qj Chief- Jufticc, Samuel Watkins^ Efq*, Secretary, Rhodes^ Efq*, Judge of the Admiralty, George GambeUy £(q^ Conimiflionerofthe Cuftoms, Edward Pirry^ Elq^ Colle^oroftheCuiloms, Rich. Buckeridge^ Efq*, Colonel of the Regiment of Foot, Col. Edward Byam, Colonel of the Regiment of Horfe, Col. Lucy Blackmore, Minifters of the j Pariihes fupply'd with Incum- bents, Mr. James Feildy Mr. John Buxton^ and Mr. John PoweL CommifTary of the Biftiop of London for all the Leward J/landsy the Reverend Mr. James Feild, xS^ MONTSERRAT. , ' ,."1 npHE Spaniards gave this Ifland its Name, and •■• caird it fo for the Refemblance it has to a Moun- tain in G/f/i/oww, not far from Barcelona^ famous for a Chappel dedicated to the BlelFcd Virgin j in grea- teft Reputation with the Roman Cathohcks of any, except that of Loretto. The Englillj have not thought fit to give it another Name, (ince they were Mafters of it. It lies in 1 7 Degrees, North Latitude ^ is about 3 Leagues in Length, aiid almod as much in Breath, To that it feenii 10 be of a round Figure. It was dilcover'd by the Europeans, at the fame time witii St. Chrijtophersy but no Settlement was made 1 po The tiiftory of Montferrat. made upon it till the Year 1532. At which time Sir Thomas Warner^ firft Governour of St. Chrifiophers^ procur'd a fmall Colony to fettle there, of the Sub- jefts of England *, for we cannot aflure our felves they were Engliflimen, this Ifland being generally look'd on as an Irijh Colony. It had the fame Governours as St. Chrifiophers ^ but we fuppofe they put in Deputy Governours, as has been the Praftice fince. We could not get a good Account of either the general or particular Gover- nours, and a bad one we would not impofe upon the Reader. This Ifland flourifh'd at firft more than Jnteeo ^ but fince the Lord lVillovghhy*s Time, the latter has got and kept the ftart of it. There were 700 Men in Montferrat 60 Years ago, which was 1 6 Years after / . ' 'twas firft inhabited. As to the Climate, Soil, Animals, Trade, and Produftions of this Ifle, they are much the fame with thofe of the other Charibbee I/lands^ only this is fuller of Mountains, which are cover'd with Ce- dars and other Trees, that make it a lovely Profpeft from the Sea. The Valleys are fruitful, and better ftor'd with frefti Water than thofe of Antego. The Reader will not think it tedious to fee a fur- ther Account of the ftranae Animals in all the Ele- ments peculiar to the Charibbeesy and other Places in America. We range thefe in the Article of Mout' ferrat for that they arc faid to be mbft common here. Davycs of ^" ^^^^ Coaft, as we find in the Hifiory of the Kid. Charibbees before-mention'd, are taken a very hidc- i^ 10$. ous fort of Monfters, from thence call'd Sea-Vevils^ by my Author and others. This Monfter is about 4 Foot long, and proportionably big. On its Back it has a great Buncn of Prickles, like thofe of a Hedge* -^ bog. The Skin of it is black, hard and rugged, like that of the Sea-Dog. Its Head is flat, and on the up^ per part has many little Rifings *, among which IS to be (een two very little black Eyes. Thej Mouth, which is extreamly wide, is arm'd with I fcveral very ftiarp Teeth, of which two are cloc- ked, and bent in like tnoie of a Wild -Boar. It I has four Fins, and a broad Tail, fork'd at the £ii ■ London when King James was at Dublin^ liv'd, and got iffi £(late ^ a$ did alfo Mr. Thomas Nugent^ and other Roman Catholicks, that were originally of Ireland. When Col. Cb^rwgfo^ w'asmade Gover- nour of the Leward I/lands^ Col. Blaehfione was Go« ssxnoxkxoiMontferrat. In the Year \6si' there was a. dreadful Earth- quake at this, and indeed ^ilmoffc all the Leward J/landt,' The Inhabitants raised alicgimentof 500 Men, to alTift General Cadringtatf in his Expedition againft St. Chrt/tophers : Which Regiment was commanded by Gal. Blackfione, . What they and the other Soldiers did on this Occafion will b» found in the Hiftories oi AttegOy St. Chriftophersy and Nevis, To Col. B/jclyfwfr fucceeded Col. f^tf in the Go- vernment of this Ifland, who being fickly, remov'd to England in the Aiary Yatch, in the Year 1597. and landing at MilfQrd- Haven^ dy'd at Pemhrokey the a+th of A:iguft 9 who was his SuccelTor we have not learn'd. Part of Col. G?///w/5TMo^'s Regiment of Foot, that was fent from £w^/dw^ in the following Vpjr, wis quartered in this lUand^ of which we can give no further Account. . luiii It was not fo fickly, as the other CharMee I/lanJs^ and has encreas'd its People and Trade eqjally with any of.them The French did not attack it when Vol. II. O they m 194^ The mfi&ry of Mpnifei^rat. thf y fell upon Nevis* As to tiie Number of the Inha* l^itants, we can only make a Guefs; forifthcyrais'd aoo Men in x«po, we may^ ftip]|k>fe they did not fpare aboVe one third Part of their whole Nitibb^ \ jnd granting they were then^ aUe to mailer ioxm fighting Men, there would notv by the ufual Me4 t|iods of Coniiputation in Political A rithmetick,. be lefs than betweian 4 and 560b Men, Women, and Children \ and to thofe may bb added 8 900 Negroes : For 'tis a poor. Sugar-Ifland .where the Blacks are , not twice as many in Number as the Whites. The Ifland of Montferrat^ as one of the Leward Iflmds^ is part^ of Col. fi^'s Government ;i but he has a Ekputy . here, as wdl ;Li in the other Ifles. Jhe Names of '. the other Officers that have corae to Our Knowledge (]lall4>ein^erted^iR1lle afual Place. \\ ^■.\ ■(.W. vs. f^l{\^ :Js "^Aky). Counfellors. j Lieutenant .Gov£rnour,Jlvt/i#ipri/<'igei, £fq^ fThomas Let^ 'E% ^^V^vD A'JX) nun VV .Va;«.\vi; John Dawley^ E(q*, .-v Jofeph Little^ Eiq*, ': i Wil. Beddingfield^ Elq*, ^abni f ' Ceo, LyddHy ^(qp^ \-?i\l^Ur.:',Lo j-.^h- '>;«(**•/. Char. Mmhew^ iSq% : loOx^vi^^d '. ^.l-i iini^; WU»Brodm4ky Efqv, iO^ .Kf ^"^ r hnrrjirn j <7fo. WiV^Jr^ E&^ There are fever^l Springs of freili Water in it, of which fomeare (kong enough to make their way to the Sea, and may deferve the Naoije of Rivers. One Spring here is ia Mineral, and the- Waters hot. Biths were made not far from the Source, and fre- quented with good Succefs, for the Cure of thbfe Diftempers that the Baths at the Bath in England^ and Bourbon in Francej are famous for curing. Before we enter farther into (he Geographical and Natural Account of Nevisy wemuft let the Rea* der a little into the Hiftoricdl. .,,^' ^j Sir ThomatWartur^ who mi^ctne firft Settlement on St. Chrifiophers^ m»de alfo the firftat Nevis^ in the YearitfiS. But in thQ(o\\omnay*i2it Don Frederick deToledoj who drove the EngUlh and French out of the former Ifland, feiz'd allthe Ships, to the Number of, 1 J, that were at Nevif, Twas aboard thefe Ships I the Spaniards put the Englijby whom they forc'd to \kdiyrt St. Chridophtrs, The EiigUlb Settlement at NevU went on fo prof- peroufly, that in ^o Years time there were between 3 and 4000 Men there, who (ubfided, and Uv'd hand- tfomely by the Trade they drove in Sugar. -^i-. Mr i,ijitii • *,*> \^ U ^fiiMtkt V5 UH* After xg6 The mftory e^/Ntvisi' After Sir Thom/u Warner^s Deaths we find menti- on made of one Mr. ^/i^f, who was Governour of this Ifland, and>is\eniei^b'eify 'a«\a Man of great Piety and Pruaerice ; infdmtrch riiit Nevis was faid to be the beft eovern'd of any of the Charihbee Jjlands, ' Al^manneir of Profanenefs, Impiety and DebaucfK;- ryj'were revercryptlimfli'd. There were even then three Churches ia the Jjlmd\ not very fine indeed, but convenient and Recent for performing Divm^ \ Service. t- -11. "is; ..•■,t>vo*l.iL> r'".,«if/y.»' : • .] ■ Orrt/Zw-Tonj^ 'wte bftilf^ arti^^tlie Houfes Were laVge; theShop^ well ftor'd; and Forts' were ercfted, to -disfend the Place againft alMnVaders. TheGoi VQrnoyr and Council at firft fet a Price upon alt GoocI?, ind afll^ri'd times of Payment for thchi j but t;hat was too grfeat an Im{yci|}ti6a &n the Liberty of die Miirkcry tb be of any lorigidlontinuiince. n i Sir GVtfr^fvA/tiTff teduc'd A^pz^ With the, other GBii^ \il^beelfldnds *, and hatvini no certftift Lift of theDepiity .Goverrjours, noj^ indeed of the Gbvernours General^ ive Ihall not prtt'ertd b give arty'to the Publick^ but take fbme furrtitff rtotice of the eiimate, Soily Ani-' 'nials, Trade ahcJPrbduftiohs. '• ' The Climate is hot, and I Havebeen informed by People who have frequented both IHands, that 'tis rather hotter than Barbadoesy tho the latter is much ^nearer the Line. - . The Soil is fei'tilt, cfpecialjy irt the Valleys. The rifiria Ground is ftony, and the Plantations gt«w '' Worfc and worfe in Fertility, the higher the Plaliten I fettl'd on the Mountain. Land was much cheaper there than in the Vale, being courfer, and noc fo eafily cultivated. Tis the fame with us in EnghndA .and for the A me Reafons : So this Oblervation might )iavebeen fpar'd. ^ The Rains here are violent, and the Turnido's fo in a very high degree, aswefhall obfervehere* 'after. ' - As to the Product of the Country, and its Trade, what has been taid of Barhadoejy AnttgOy and the ol ther Ck'iribheeTfiitids, willalfo icrve Ajr this. Sugar is the ft;rple Cum iilod ity her*;, as welias there, audi fcrves for aH the UKsof Money., for all the Trade ofl > ^theiilatidismumtg'dbySugar. Pounds of Sugar,an(l[ ' not th^ di gr th< an Tht Hifiory of vJeVis. 1 97 flot Pounds Sterling, is the Ballance of all their Ac- counts*, and, exchanging that Commodity for 6- thers, did the Inhabitants Bufinel^aswellasifthey had had Silver. ^ This Sugar was, generally fpeaking, MufcovadpJ ofi a little finer Grain than that of ^^i-^o: But they have lately iendeaVofaty to clay, i Sir John Saw/ien or- der'd his Overfeers to attempt it, two or three imd twenty Years fince, in that I^lantation, in this Iflahd, Vfhkh k novf Mr. Richard ' Merriweathir*s. He fent Mr. Nacketif Brother to Sir Richard Hacked of BarhadoeSj an^ an excellent' Refiner, from that Ifle to this.- Butf'thro* Neglig^ence in thoieHhat were employ'd^. the Projeft faiPd, and no w'hito Sagar was made in iV/Jrv//, but what wa% for a home Confuaiptio% Prefents^' or Experiments, tilt Within a very few Years. , > Tobacco wa^ at firft much cultivated ^ there's rtow little or none planted, nor has there been any confi, derable Quantity this 30 or 40 Years. Catton and Ginger have been alfo planted here y but of late Years thofe two Commodities have been neglcfted, and Sugar only taken Gare of ^ of which grm Quantities have been made, and 50 or 5o Ships loaden in a Year from this Ifland to Europe. v As to the Animals here, 'tis a hard Matter to (ay th^re are any peculiar to it ^ however, iince we find fome taken notice of as fuch, we fhall give the Rea- der an Account of them, 'i :* Litz^ards are iaid to be more frequent here than in any of our other Sugar-Ulands. There are feveral Kinds of them *, the greateft of them are thofe which tht Charibheans all Ouaymaca. They are y Foot long at their full Growth, meafuring from the Head to the Extremity of the Tail, which is as long as all the reft of their Body. ' As for their Bignefs, they are a Foot about. Dav.p.74." their Skins are of feveral CA)lours, according to the different Soils they are bred in. ihsPortuguefe call them CamcUons^ thinking they were a Species of that Creature. In fome Places the Females are of a light green, checkered with black and .white Spots ^ and the Males are green. In others the Males are blacky »nd the Females of a light grey, inter mixt with black O i and i^nd green. And lOthers, both Male» aiid Vtmd^ have all the UtUe Scales of their Skin To glitter ii^ , and a5 it were (J i;^ed» that at % I^ft^Mje one w^wB think them cloath'd in rich Cloth of Oold and Silfei?, Q9. their Qack^ tbfey h^ve Prickif slike CoAobsy which th*iir toe Mp^xnafct downailh^l^re^andapr pftaK lefs from » thfr; Head, to . th« End of the Tw* Xhey goon four Fe«|^ each of which has 5 Claws, wi«h very Ihaiy Nliik They^ runifwiftlyi andtr* excfllAnt at Ciii»biagof Treefc Batwhetheritbe! that ihey lov^v to, look on Men^^oc Areof a ftupidi onapprehQnfwe^NntuQe, when they perceive the Huiir* ter they patiently expe^ him^ without ftirriim tilt thf^ ace ihoti. W!lien they are atigryv their Qraw finder their Throat iwe)ls, and makes them feeni tbf! iDpre^&rmida|>le; .Their Jaws ^every wide^ thfiic Tongues thick, and they have ibme; very (harp Teeui^ which wheil' once they have fa^en'd on atiy things they will hardly let it ga Their Teeth tue not at all venomou& The Female^'lay.EggMl>outthe Bignefsof Woodquifts^ but tbeSheM is (oft. They lay them deep on die Sea-fide, andcr the Sand« and' leavetl^mt&behatthrdbytheSQn. Fromwhenice: fome Authors have r^nk'd mem amaing the amphiba,'^ ousCreatures. 1 > . . -• i The Savages taught the £«rbp0j«f the way to take th^k JJzjiards^ and by their Example encourag'd? tho^ that came firft among them, to eat thimi.. They are very hard to kill, inibaiiKh.that fomehiH ving receiv'd three Shots of a Gun^ and hy it loft feme part of their Entrails, would not fall. Yet if a. finall Stick be thruft into their Nofes, or a Pin her tween their Eyesj where there's a little Hole, into. which the Pin eafily enters, they prefently die. Theii: Fleih is lufcious, but not fate to eat often:^ Their Eggs have no "White, but a re all -Yolk. It / Ihi 7^.} The Armoltsxs aoother fort QiJJtuutrdy aijvd at the firft fettling this IfUna they wert^vety cpntuion in all the Plantations. This Reptile is ahoiiC the B'gnefe of an European iizzacd, .but its Head is longer^ its Skin. yellpwiin, andonttsBack ithas cevtainiblew, green« and grey Streaks^ drawn from, the Tup of the >l«aa tp the End of the Tail. Its 4bode. ia^ BoleS undcv Ground) whence/in the Nighr it madkcsi lond Noife* , .i*;»' - in Tk^ f^opy of ^vm Injhe Davtinig -ti^ in perpptaai Exefcife,iMi4 i^jaQi^er|i ^dbout Rbtt^iges, to get rpmcwhat to fgl^ ;af fe,.Z^^ %, j^ anpther ftra^ge I^ptile, whjjslj ^a^jbeen ijw^t ^w^ ^ifx this Ifland v /*tis fo alld froi;r^ i^il,ikene(s t;^t)ia^i}ft : But ii^fte^ of Finns itfftaj i99 ^f Jiclies^ ^^^^op^^tionably bift,. fheir Skin^ir fipvetjl with J jttK ,^les, which fmi extremely, apu o^ ar^^f a Silyej^J^^fey Colour. ^Soijie of the Curioa$ us!4 ^to have yqung- pnes in their Qofets, .and' ^oofc |fherajt^igj|^t-time they puke a^i4eou8 Nolle fe)m under th? Rocks*. *tis more Iharpand gratifflgi^ the Ear than that of Fro^s and Joads V s and th^y change their JMotejs according X^ ^heyVariety of tl^e^ Places wher^ th^y lurk. Jne arevieldom f¥;e.Q vfcut a littl^jjeforA, Night •, an^, when any Qt ^^ ^re met ia the Day-time, ^hp^ th^tmeqt thenii.»^^apt to be.ftig^ned with their Motion.. ,. 'li! iv V. .:, ' ', ' :. ■• ,,-•:; . There havejbeen piany curious Inre£^s feen in this Ifli|iad> and npne m^^^o than that call'd the Soldier^ P. 73, a kifijd of Snail. The Name fliven iys taken from the.Frfw^ V^rit is fo whimficaL we ire £lad it di4 not come from an B^Hfiman. Thefe Inf^s have no Shells proper tp thismlelves ; but to fecure the We9iknei$ of meir Uttle Bodies from the Injuries oftheAiCv^d the Attempts of other Ani- mals^ they take PoHquion of a S^\}y commonly that of PertiwinHlesv wi^bjn which they accommodate theoifeli^, ^s SoMiers, who having no fettled Ha- bitatioi)| take uptheltQuarters in other Mens Hou- (es^wnerefore tMy-^r^ termj4^^^e Diverfity of the Shells they poflefs thenttelves of. THeif Bodies are very tender, except thejr Heads ixid Claws. For a defen- five Weapon, and. jnftead pf a Foot, they have a GUw, like that of a great Crab, wherewith they ■ • + ' ' clofe y so6 B^ Uifiory d/^iviiJ i^e the Entranc? tjf their She!ls,5M fecoirePftetf WhbleB'ody. ''TisiU jaggU WitMn^'and h^^'^ faft whatever, it faftens on, that.it t^sawa^ltftkt ?i\etiesy\i(>hi^h 1^ JP^* */?/? invch inclined to ito^ they tnteiri^ko- a great Com'^a' ■ticn^ there happens a firious Erigiigemepty which i^ f»i*f . tiag'd with their Claws ^ till aiietffh the weakir is ■■ forced to fubmit to 'the viEioriow^ -fho' prefintly p^ifs thejpfelves of the Shells of the vanfuiflPa^ whithajtfr- wards they pedcsahly enjoy m a preci'OHS Conqueft, ■ i^il A' -/the Reader ttV|irtbeinforni*d, t4»at the Hiftorvif ' tht Charibhee I (lands, an Edition of which Mr. X^- viis pat out in EngUJf}^ is look'd ujidn tb be very iau- ; ' thentick*, and, as far as we have compar*d it with things withi%6irt 6wn Knowliedge, the Account i6 very juft, allowing^ the Drftaii€ef Time •, and If the modern Inhabitants ftiotfld happen not to meet "with thefe Creatures in the cW/l»l'^**1flands, they are not therefore to 'Conclude theWrilVer were any of them, but rathef that they arife'dtfafd by the In- duftry of their Predeceflbrs. Tfeere%t« two; other forts of fmall Snails, which are Veify beautiful*,* one is flat and of a dark Colour, the other is Oiarp^^iand "has fmall, red, yellow j, or blew^JStftaks oi: Lines;'- p. 84. There*s anotheif Infea, called theF/pifTj/^dr, b«* f aufe its Body is chcquer'd with Spots of feveral Go- lours, as the Tygcr ii. 'Tis about the Bignefs df the Horn'd Beetle; 'Its Head is fliatp, aricTit hast^o great Eyes, as green and fpa<:kling as an Emerald. Its Mouth is arm'd with two hard Hooks, extreftjcily iharp, with which it holds faft its Prey^ while it ge« out the Subftance of it Its whole Body is cover 'd With a hard and fwarthyCruft, which Term it for Ar*- m thtie Joint&'iliidjflM^are btimid^wilh certaitt K^' PricHles. In .the Pay time 'tis continQally catchitig »3lt^ .a art 'El«phatiti onte- ^rning tfpvWifdv land the othei" i(>mvt2itd i, Itiilead: is hlieW, 'Hmt^ Grafsho^j^ei^ *7 ilis t^G Eyes ^mtii the upper "Siifearts^ 'd'4vith them.' When thefeSpidefs Sf tf growfi old: tkiey are coverlJ' all- over with a fwaiN^ thy'D6wnj which is as fort "irild^clofe as VeKetl Their Body is f(ij)ported by teWiPeet, that are a littfe hairy oh th« Sides, iind have below certain fmall Points or Briilles^ that hdlp thi^m to fallen rnote ea-^ fity 6h thdfe Places on which th^ tlimb : All thefe Feet iflTue out of< the Fore-Part of tht InfeA, havin|, ieach of them four Joints, and at the Ends they afe . ar^*d with l black and hard Hbrti^ which isctividedi ;int^ two Partfi like a Fork. 'They every Year fliift th^ir did Shine, as'the Serpents do ^ as alfo the two Tusks Which ferve f htm for Teetfi, and are their de- ilnfiveWeapafls.' Their Eycs/aJre'tery little, and lie ib deep in thdriHead^ that they ibem to b^ only two 202^ TkiiiS^oty of mvii,i: r. 83. .?» \ 0; , The Worm k:^;4 ,bx the .Fr<»r^ MU^ifd^ (thpi^i- fand- tooted ) and Palmer Worm by the £;7^//ji&, |i^s l^cjn |D%t with her^c tXhe Num^,of\i|;s,F^et is^al- moft infinite, fr9m wjhence it t«ih^it»jVfWfi^ Nam^, They are like Qri|i|l«|s under its 9q^ Mp it to ) run alone th^^i^ii'nd with ^ji(|$<{^^ Swiftap^ egj^pjiaily when it finds it fdf pijr/u*^,; *Tis abpot ^ IlKcb^s long, Thp upper Part of itsjfeoidy i$ coferVji all over with fyvi^rthy,iScale5, whKh, arc hard,, and ^Kiinfed ofijs within pother, like the {Tiles of a Honfe. It hate a )cind or Qawsppth in its Heada94 Tail, tl^t J P. : flingiv4s a little (hor^ tfifi ^he ^9^k ti^rri'd 3clown like^s^ P^rot^ the Fi^et wj^rciik^a Dick's ^*twits black only ^nder the BcUyi with A little yr^if^ like our Swajlow^ j v The By Gir(f|w|if ;s,,a very pretty Creature, of, a fmll Size, and with four Legs. Some frem cof^fVi ^with iine Gold tOi^ Silver Brocado y )others wifk a Mifjture of gtieout Orapge- Trees^ yellow v and.^the Ukc hy 9ther T^ees. - ?, > If thefe Animals ,avp pai^cul^pr ti^ ^is^ or coniiho(^ to all the Charihhee lAdindSj they ar6 ioi^are, tha^tp« Curious cannot but be pl^^jr v^kthj^ our Deic^* tion of them V an4 M^hl not looiKj^po^ thi^ as a,Ui- greflion from our Hiftory, vi^ich -we Ihall igifi continaff., . J,',; ,'(Ti;r:r 'Uid After the K«i):aj] ration, when. Trade floiihtba with Peace, lihis Me enjoy'^ it$. Share of th^,Ber nefit of it with others, and encreas'a in Inhabitant^ andt Riches. The only Enemy they had to ftruggle witn, was tht Huriicanf, vi^icH'i^eraUy viu^4 them oncea Vqir. On the ^p^ of -Aiigvfi^ ;g learnt (omc pfthe FrognoAlcKs of a Turnad9 from a Qtanhhav^ pei^ceiving then]| be tdd Sir ^oitvr, and the other Commanders of it ^ ^ wbo depending on his InteIligeo(;e, made their Ships ready for the Sea, and in the Mornins about 4 of « the Qock, the Wind comina very hard Northerly, they put to Sea, and came all back. within 4 or t Days time fafe to the Road again. Capt. Langfird wasaQioar, ^nd being confident of the Hurricane*^ .' coming, took fuch Care before-hand to fecurehis Su- ars, and Goods in the Store-houfe) that when the urricane had carjry'd away the Roof of the , ouie, all, except. ,<^e,Hog(hea4j of Sugar, rpmain'd fafe. ' .'iv^.v" . ■;, V When Sir U^ Ever> ''^pf^rf one pf tWi^Iflands haVe a ipkrticolar Lieu- j^^iitii^ Govern6itf^ Gonndl, antf, Affkmbly y anj the io4 _ ral GoviVflJhttnt ;centei:$*ooiy in the Authority bf the Captain General. v -: • We find a: wo'naerful Loykl AdiplWfs harldfed to Cpurt in King dS?i«'fo the IId*s Rcig*i, t6 congra- talate tha^ PritfcetJh his cfcapihg the bloody Efwfts of the famous R^e-htife Plot: -TWas delivef d by Co). Nefhevp^ afid'CbV. Jefferfm *, the latter defcend- cd from that Jeferfm mcntionM in the Hiftory of St.thrijhphers, '^ * ' On the inhaf March^ i and Trumpets foundings i'ttchdcH by VbllfiJsof ail the Ordnance in the j KortSjOf the Horfe and Foot, and the Ship* in the . . Sir H?/^/^ii'iJf^/firtf?| niide Sir James Rujfel Lieu- t^int Govcrnour of this Iflani and he enjoy'd the i ^^ Piac/e till his Coftihiiffion was fuperfeded by that of •\,^^;Cipt General, granted to Sir Nathaniel JohnfonJ ^^^j' „^oalforcfidcd at'iVifvfef, andat this time none of * the Leward Iflands fk)uri(h*d fo hiuchas this; Itf fi^bpiyd the qthers' with alnioftaU their Wines infl Negroes •,' 'and *tis computed to have contfain'd *t that time neit 2000 fighting Men*, which will make the Number of Souls, by tbrnttion Compnta-i Jidn, to be above Toboo, befides Negroes, of which | Nuhiber Inhere were not lefs than 20000 \ a prodi- gious Improvement of an Ifland fcarce 6 Miles long,, to maintain betv^eferi jo and 40000 Men, Women, >nd Children. This may feem incredidle at the firft View, but we'fhall give further froof of it in the Courle of this Relation. \'-^ '-^ ' r»"»'" ^ A dreadful Mortality rag'd m Nrvis^ in the Year ie^fi, efpecially among the Men, which reduc'd that Sexto the Moity of its ufual Number, and forc'd the Inhabitants to make their AddrefTes to Sir77wo- thy TJjornhillj who then lay at Attego with his i?ir- IfMoes Regiment,' to tome down to Nevis for their Defence •, for the French being th^n Mtfters of St.! Chrljtophersy they expteftcd every Day to be attacked, ^ir Tifnothy was loath to venture his Men, during the ihi TkeMprj of NcVis^ ' iio; Violence 6f the Diftemper y butjiearing *tw» abated, he remov'd thither wHn his Regimed^ia Novenirer^ UhM) and encamped them on a ccttnmodious Plain, clofeadioimngoto^ Utile River. v • ' ;,.) la the Begiinning bf Decfjw^r a. Council of: War was ^lalM, at .which! affifted, : .: ' . . /J . X^iJtopherCodywgtony Efq*^ Lieutenant GeneralT ; Sir Timothy Th^mbiUi Major General. < ' r". Cbl.Ob^Wri Pym^ ^ C Colonels of the twoMtuM Coh> ' ' £^W/ i Rdgimettts; ' Col 7*^» Thomif Lieutenant Col. to Sir Thnotiy ■-.,'! ThornhiH, ^nh 'to noin . ricO ai'? ■t:--! fTiiir.liv.' Major >/;» Sif^/ ■ , . . . By whom it was refoWd^ that the Mjtjor Genera^ with 3 o» Barbadians, and 200 Nevidans, to u^ the < Term: of my Authok, Oionld go down and attack St. Manmsy Mid SU BarMofnewSy tvro of the Charihbee J/lands belonging to the Enemy^ where the| rais*d a Stock, for the Support of their Sugar lOands. Oa the X 5th of XVrf;»^tfr Sir 7i;M0rj^ embarked faiS' Forces on Bpacd a Brigantiney and 9 Sloops, and Went aboard hmifelf the next Day, when he al- fo fet fail for thofe Inlands. ; On the 1 8th rhey pad by St. BartholomexoSy and a< bout 4 in the Afternooi^ being within 4 or 5 Leagues of St. Martins^ they ipy'd a fmall Sloop (landing up towards them. \ but upon fight of the Endifli ihe tack*d, and put into one of the Bays. When they I came up with the Bay where (he lay, Sir Tunothy Thmmhill knt Lieutenant Domten ^s'xth j Files of Musketeers, in a ^oar, to go up to .ter to board her, and if (he were floating, to bring her out. When the Boat was got near the Sloop's fide, the Enemyi who lay hid in the Bulhes on each fide, (the Bay be* ing Imdiockt) fir'd very thick upon the Englilh, and forc'dthemto retreat, two of them being wounded. Thii Major General being verydefirous to have the Sloop, after it was dark, lent 30 Men in 4 Boats and Canoos, under the Command of Capt. Walter Ha* miltoriy again to attempt the bringing her out y but the French difcover'd them, and tir'd hotly upon thtin* The Canoo which Capn Hamltw was in, /A ^o6 The mfiofy rf Jjevi^A V rovr'd op cro0 m die Sloop^ and foond her nln a- gCQUid, tfaeAloAi^ng atl goneoQtofheri io he IHlsi^bligd^to tcafe her, and retani to the Vefi^s. Capt Hamilton received 2 ShotsinoneofhisLecist 4fM(bQsi more Timers woundedy hot none kiird. ^ That Night the EneliHi ftood off and on, as tho they de- (ign'd to land the next Morning. Sir Ttmofk^iQiK ths i^tkalrd a Council of War, on Board thcBrigmPiHey by whom it was determiri'd, ficftto attack' $t. Bmthoimews^ to which Iflaiidihe Sloops flood op in the Night. The next Morning, before Day, Major Stanly landed with 80 Men, not- withftandina the OppoHtion of the Eneniy, beat them oat cI'Meir Breaf¥- Works, and by Break of Day he had planted his Colours on a Battery of 2 Gims, whidi 'he had taken from them. Noting after, the Major General went afhore with aU die Forces, which he divided into three Bodies, himfelf leading his- own QUard of Gentlemen Volunteers, and 3 Companies of Foot, thro' the Middle of the inand. ^ After a Mites March, the Englifti difcovei ii^ «nd wait htf Gdniihg. According^ ly, a few Hours nferwards ht fottow'd CbH fy»L with the fe{^ c^lh^ Forais, having left a faificient Guard.in the Fortification.- Li >;5JJ(r*i *' fij/r^i-I - When Sir Timothy 7hotnhi^cvoalt\ipta\t^ hefpnifi it to be only a Stone-PUtformy : hod' (helving,: fov die Conveyance of. Rain- Water iftto t Qftem.' JIThc Reader fliould know the Occafion of thefe CiA«rntt| which i$4 the lOaitds being deftituteofRiverty Wells, or. other, CohviBBiences of fi:eflj Water, it fercek the inhaoiUnts to make itfeof stli Opportunities td catch the R^in^i ^ch HouCb beiogffiirniih'd with one or more of thon which they ofTec'd to furrender themfclves. Sir Timothy retarn'd ah Ahfwer in Writing, and fcnt it by two Gentlemen, who (poke French, amoimting to a Denial of his Propoials : For he reply 'd, if i^ci and the Inhabitants came in with their Arms in two Days, he (hoA'd find the Major General w^^ a Gentleman : Bat if he flood out longer he was to expeft noQuarter. .* \^ A ' The two following Days the Englifh maktU^ round the Ifland, burning all the Houfes as they paft along. The French fir'd upon them from the Woods, '20^ in «(o8 ■ rs > JA, ^e. Places; (but; did^ no Dai»aff«. r Off tH^'Dai Hyfioint^d the E^g\ii]a fpy'da Flag^f Tmce coiltlng l(QV!^ard$ them^ wiSk the GoveniodryandA great C6mv pahy of the Inhabitants. Upon which the Mi]6t Geeneral leavin;^ hit The Prifon^s wefe betwetm ^and 700 Men, t^ora^n, and Children^ The Men wertlentas Pnfoaersto' Nivis^ With! the liive-Stotk. Kegf'oeSf and Meroh^hdize. Th'e ^ Women and Children were tranfported to St^ (ShriJ^^&s, Sit Timothy reftor'd the Govcrnour his Horfo, Arms, Ap- TpwttXy and fom^ of hts^ Negroes, atidipertuitted Mm to fendthem alfo to St. Chnfiophers. There were but ti Men of all the £ngli(h kili'd a^d wounded in this Ent^rprize. w>j(!; 'I; Y While Sir Ttfmthy Thifmhitt ftaid apon StBarthaU^ mews^ B or y Sloops came to him fromfomeofthe neighbouring Iflandt. with about 90 Meri, to rein* .force bim. Upon this he fent the BrigtmiHe^i^h '.9 SIbops, under the Command of Captain W'altt\* Hamilton, to aliarrii the Ifland of St. Martins^ ind make a nife Attack on the Windward-^fide. Cap- tain Hamilton ' CiiVd on the i^th of January^ and the iame Day the Major General embarked all his Men, and faiPd at Night for 'th^ fame Ifland, where he and his Forces landed the next Mi>rnit»g on the Leward Side, without any Oppofition^ theErremy having drawn all their Forces to the other fideofthelfland* . * * • • ^ i.;.. i . -...'ioit-ifiiT A -i- About About 20 of the French that were polted int Breaft*Work on tb«t fide, firM once^ and then quitted it. When Sir Ttmoth/s Men* were all landed, they march'd entirely through the Bodyo^ the Country, and, after two Miles March, were drawn up in a convenient Plain, the Enemy being, in fight 1^ and, as they thought^ advancing towar£ them. After they had continu'd an Hour Jn this Po- fture, the French retir'd, and burnt a great Buil- ding upon a *Hill, about a Mile diftant, which feem'd to be a Fortification. Upon which the Ma- jor General march'd up to it, with all his For- ces, but found it only to be a large Houfe ^ which they burnt, becaule.it fhould not ferve the Eng- lifti for Shelter. However, the Stone- Walls that remain'd (landing, proved lerviceable to them, in covering them from their Shot. There was a large Ciftern of Water here, but the French had render'd it unfit for Drinkins^ by throwing Salt into it. They alfo poifon^d an adjacent Pond with Tobacco. • The EngUih had not been long here, before the French began to fire upon them from a Breaft- Work, where they had two great Guns planted a Quarter of a Mile off, there being a Vallev be- tween them \ bn the .Lefc-Hand low and buftiy^ Ground \ and on the Right a Ridge of Mountains, with a very thick Wood. Sir Timothy ThomhiU fent Captain Burt with a Company of Men, to gain the Top of the Moun- tain^ which had the Command of the Fort he was at. That being done, he left 100 Men there, un- der the Command of Capt. Geofcry Oihbs^ to niaintain that Poll, and march'd back into the Plain with the reft of his Forces, to fecurethe A- venues, and hinder the Enemy from coming upon the Backs 01" the Englifh. ^: P-. .. come into the Plain, himfelf, with fcferal to9t .i-ii Officers, and about 100 Soldiers, went to drink at a Well • where when they were drinking, they received a Volley of about jjo Shot from the Ene- my, who lay hid in the Woods *, yet there was but one Man hurt, tho they all Itood dofe toge> Vol. II, P thcr. ^ei^. Afer wki^h fAM^JohnSianl^ was ftnt with a Party^ to fcour the Woods ^ whk^ he did, beating theni from two ftrong Breaft- Works they had npoo a Saddle^ between two Hills (op^ {ofite to thofe the Englifh had before gain'd:^ R wnich Works Major Sfanley pofted himfelt. The PalTages beinR both Ways iecur'd, SvcTmothy 7horjthiU encamp'd that Night with the main Bo- dy of his Forces in the Middle of a Plain*, and the next Morning his two Brafs Field Pieces with Car- riages, and two Iron ones without, were brought afhore. The Iron ones were planted in the Plain \ but the Brafs ones were drawn up to the*burnt Houfe*, whither Sir Timothy Jhornhill remov'd his Camp : And about three in the Afternoon, on the 2 1 (I of January y they began to play on the Enemy. In the Evening Captain Bartholomew Sharp was ient with ohe Company of Men, to cut a Path thro* the Wood, that the Englifh might make an At- tack on the Enemy that way: For in the Valley they had 4. great Guns planted dire£^ly in the Road ', but being without Carriages, they could not bring them to bear upon the Englifh, as they layencamp'd. Captain Sharp was difcover'd befbrehehad made #ny Progrefs in his Work, andfohotly dealt with, that he was forc'd^to retreat. The French kept firing all Day upon the Englifh from their Breaft- Work, botK with their great Guns^ and fmall Arms ^ but/in the Night they filently quitted it. The nekt Morning Sir Timothy left Lieutenant James Smithy with 30 Men, at the burnt Houfe, march'fzf to the Breaft- Work, and demolifh'd it \ as alfc( their Line, which ran down to a Well in the Valley, near their 4. great Guns. A Mile off of this he came to a fine Plain, encom- pafs'd with Orange and other Fruit-Trees, wher^ tie ^camp'd. Here was Store of Cattle grazing, and fome Houfes^ where the Englifh took (ome Pri- foners ; from whom they underftood. the Enemy had had near 20 Men kill'd and wounded. The Major General left Mr. Spr/^r^r in the Plain, with a Guard, to tak« Care of the Plunder, and < ^march'd ernoon, on n&rchU wUh the Maio Bodly of hisForces4|ainft die Enemy's Chief Fort, about two Miles diu&nt v which he took without an^ Lois, having vat one Man wounded in the AAion. Indeed tne Enemy quitted it after one or two Volleys. It confided of ^ great Guns mouhted on a Platform, without Carriages, with Banks of Earth thrown up. ; After he had nail'd down the Guns, he proceeded in his March about four Miles further, and then encamp'd in a pleafant Valley, where were a Houfe and Garden, belonging to a Frier. There he found the Governour's Hor(^ (addled and bridled, he ha- ving left him, and fled into the Mountains with the Inhabitants. The fame Day, being the 23d of January^ Major ^^fvmarch'd over the Hills, on the other fide of the Illand, andengag'da Party of the Enemy, beat- ing them out of a Bread- Work, and demoUlhing it At Night he return'd to his Poll on thi Saddh. The 24.th Sir Timothy Thomhill continu'd h^s March round the IHand, without OpPQfition ^ and at Night return'd to the Burnt-Houle, where he again en^amp*d, and order*d the^lunder to be re- mov'd thither. On the 2jth the Engliih (aw three great Ships* a Brigantine and a Sloop, (landing in with tne Iflin— »*«utiht to proceed from the ^reat Mountain in the Middle of this Ifland. The inhabitants were farpriz'd and amazed at it v and immediately after, to their greatec Amazement, began a mighty Earthquake^ with ib much Violence, that almoft all the Houfes in Charlis Town, which were of BrlcK or Stone^ were in an Inftant leveli'd with the Ground, and thofe built of Timber fhook : Every Body made what Haile •they could to get out of themi in tht ^Itreets, tho Groond in feveral Places doveabdut a Foot a^der^ and hot ftinkii^ Water (pouted but of the Earth^great Height. The Sea left its nfual Bounds for nioreithan the third part of a Mile, inlSmuch that viery large Fiftilay bare upon the Shoar*, burthe Water pre* fently returned again*, and afterwards the famefti'ange Motion happen'd feveral times, but the Water re-t tir'd not fo far as at firflt The Eartb in many Places was thrown up in great Quantities and thooiands of large Trees went with it, which were bury'd, and no more feen. Tis ufual almoft at every Hoafe in this Ifland, to have a large Ciftern, to contiiyt th^ Rain Water, of about j? or lo Foot deep^ «id t ^otf 20 Foot Diameter^ feveral of which, withthi Vio^ lence of the Earthquake,"thr«w out theWater 8 or'^* Foot high ')' and the Motion of the Earth all over th« Ifland wasfuch, that nothing could be m6re terrible^ Several Sloops that paft*d from this Ifland to ^-^ tegOj felt it at Si^a, bemeerr St% Lucia and Murtinm^ in their way to Barbadoes^ the Agitation of the Wa- ter being fo violent, that they tnought themfel?e« on Rocks and Shelves, theVeiTelsOiakii^^ as if they would break in Pieces. Others palling the uninhabited Ifland, or rather Rock, caird Redunda^ found the Earthquake (b vio- lent there, that a great Part of that Rocky Ifle fplit and tumbled into the Sea where it was funk, mar kingas loud aNoife, a& if feveral Cannon had been firU A very great Cloud of Duft afcended into the Air atthe Fall. Two very great Comets appear'd in the(e Parts of the Work! ^ and in an Hour and a Q^iarter^s time the Sea ebb*d and flow'd thrice to an miufual Degree. There happen'd notHing^ remark- ^ P able able here ^om this time to the Peace xf lefmciy which reftor*d Pcicc alfo to the Eurffpeans Xn^mtrka, The Reader may obfcrve, that the Ifland of iVipi/i> rais'd f Faotto emnark aboard the Ships under* the Command of Rear- Admiral Bembom^ who ar- riv'd At Nevis the x 2th of January^ idpS. and Part of that Regiment was quarter'd here. The Seamen, the Soldiers, and the bihabitants were then in good Health. la the jiame Year, CoU Chrifiepher Codringtm, Jun. focce^ed his Father (who was lately dead y in the Government of thefe Iilands ', who. on the Death of King WMti^ bavins received Orders for proclaim- ing k^i prefent Majefty Queen j4me^ he commanded the Forces that were in Nei/is to be drawn iipon the Shoar, towards the French Part of St, Oarifiophirsy and theForces'iii that I0and to draw out facing their Fort alfo. Himfelf went on board tl|e Frigats atten* ding this Government, waited on by 12 Sloops and Brigantines, and held in pretty near the French Town of BaffeXirrty to proclaim the Queen aboard, He being Vift- Admiral of thefe Seas. Upon a Signal given, h«r Majefty was proclaimed firft at N*vu : The Fire of the Cannon began at the Windermoft Part of the I(]:ind, pafs'd on through thefeveral Forts and Platforms along the Shoar,i jllbut Merchant Ships ir^ ' the Road took it from them,and the Frigats fucceeded, being between the two Iflands^ and the Artillery at St. Chri/tcphfrs took it from the Frig;iti. This was done thrice 1 and her Mftlefty's Companies of Foot, with the Militia of both Iflanas, in two Ltncs, made asmanyriinaing Fires. ^ • ' ^ A(roo4 AiToon as the War bruke oot, this Ilktid and At- tego fitted out feveral Privateers to crpize on the FrtnchCo9i{^y and they were very fucceisful in fecu- ring th^ir own Trad^ and endamaging the Fremh : Bat the Inhabitants of this Ifland pam (everely after- wards for this Succels. The FrtmK in the Year t7o^ made great Preparations to attack the Englijh Cha^ ribbee Ijlands^ and threaten 'd Barbadoes it (elf-, but that Ifland being too ftrong for thenO) the Storm fell upon theLeward Iflands, and uponiViwAf in particular. The Enemy's Squadron conufted of 12 or i^ Men of War, under the G)mmaod of Monfieur IbbertftBe, Their Laiid Forces. were at leaft jopo 1 and having made a Dektnt unan. St, (^hrifiophers^ they came be- fore Nevis the 2 ill of March j where they landed their Troops by Night. The Inhabitants had Notice of their Coming, and prepar'd as well as they could for their Glance : They arm*d (bme of their Ne- groes, but that did them more Mifchief than Good. Beihg ovcr-power'd by the Numbers of the Enemy. they^ed to the Maintain. The Irench fearing the/ fhould never mafter the Ifland . unleis they could re- duce the Blacks, tempted them by fair Promifes to lay down their Arms, afluring them they fliolild live as well as their Mailers ^ and not a little flattering them with Hopes of Liberty, or at leaft a very pleafant and eafy Servitude. Upon which thofe h\k Slaves fub- mitted *, and the ^ench marching to attack the EfigUJh in the. Mountain, the latter beat a Parley, and a Capitulation was concluded on the 34lh of the iam* Month, by which they were to be Prifoners of War, but to remain in the Ifland, procuring a like Num- ber q{ Efench Priibners to be released hy way of Ex- change, either in Amtricay or in Ewofi, In the mean time, they were to be civilly us*d) and their Houfes and Sugar-Works preferv'd \ but the Enemy broke feveral Articles of the Capitulation, contrary to the Law of Nations, and the Ufage of Arms, treating the Peopl^noft barbaroufly, and burning their Houfes and #gar-Work$. By Threats and Barbarity they forc'd ieveral of them to fign afecond Agreement the tfth of lAfrily 1706* promifing thf Enemy in (iz Months time to fend ^own to Marti-' tticQ a certain Number of Negroes, or Money in lieu •••'••• . of ^n of irfi CSpunfcllprf, \ttt of the Aflemtitj» ^Mivnir/ Bromi Cllt , _ ef }«flic^ Thomm Mfttah^ Efr, IColofMlof the MiUtk AM^tUenti Cdl. JCJrk .4^^; ]udge of the Admiralty, ihmat Mmm^tfin^ Secretan^ Mkhail NmeB^ Efq^ Commiiiioner and Colle^lor of the Cuftonis, Jolm Norimd^ WS% Promft Mitfftai, Mr. Tkomm jplm^i Deputy. TH$ ^i^ ■ '■ ■ ^.■^-■:: -fi-r '-«-*; K' V- 'I I ■ " ■ I m> THE HISTORY OF St CBRISTOP HERS. - \ , . CONTAINING An Accounf; of its -Difcovery, Settle- mttit'j lB»VQatSy CUn^ate, SoiI» ^rpdud, Trade, and Inbabicants. ChMrufieml ■AW '/.■?.fh.V'-., HIS Idand is calPd JJanfiuga by the Sava ,ge^ and was 4ifcavef*dbyOt^ Tis in the Latitude of 17 Degrees^ and 25 nutes, on this Side the Line, and about 7; Miles i Circuit. The whole Ifland is divided into foo Qiiartet);^, two of which are {^oflTefs^d bytheEngliftij the other two by the French \ fo laid out, that Pw pie cannot go from one Quarter to aaother, withod eroding the Lands of bothNations. Th the Wfiory ^Si. Chri{fe)phcrs. Hi The Ehgliih inhabit that Part of the fconiitry where the high Mountains rife, which is about the Middle of the I(knd \ and from thi^e Mountains flovr feveral little Rivers, all within the EngUih Tetritory. The French have mbre of the plain Country^ and Lands fitter for Caltiyation •, * ' Robbe,^. Aloni^iir Rakbt in his Account of St. Cbri/tefbtrL ' 379*4 B- (kjif Montieax ^tfmutthuifoiind feveral Engliftiana die. Par. French Fugitives upon the Pl^e when he cametbi* ther \ to whoja he proposed to eftaUifli a Colony, andtneyconfeating, choft him for their Governpur: Which Defign. on his Return to Fnmett he com- niunicated to Cardinal XifklUu \ by whofe meant an Jmricmt Company was fet up in the Tear \t%6. And Capt. Warwr^ who was diere at the ume time, on the l&t OccaOon, gave riie to a like Companyia This Company continu*d in Frawt till the Year ujx, when they Ibid St Chri00phirsyuid the other Iflands to the Knights di Aiaua, ButintheYryiMw^itf lail'd in the Year if 2f, and the latter arriv*d there aboal January^ \6%'f- having had a long fickly VowgtJ The French were about 300 in Number : TheEnfl*] lifli Colony as many. %a7kma$ had proceededil good way in his Settlement before MonBeur D9inm\ %u9 arriv'dv and the two Governours, to prevei' Difierences among their People, about the Limits ( their Territories, fign'd Articlesof Divt(ion, on tk^ i}th of il/«y, u^^, They theft fet thofe Boundij fies to their (everal Diviuons, which remain to thiu Mutants to iff to te ween^ t Oppo^ uropinns, faftic:j80| drove w lentlemtn . rcturn'dj ifieur Vif ^ngUinand «aiiietlilp I a Colony, iovcrnQur : cf , he com- lK>re means Yearitfa*. ^(ametiine, :>>mpanyia • iU the Year! latheothec jntheYttt King's Or- id are mU in I dy Vo^ft«>| • Thcfcngi I proceededAI BUT DrfiMm , to prtvw* IHeumitt; Ifion, «» t]"] hofc BowndiH [maintothii^ Daw Day, wUh thif farticalar Proylfp, «hat;Filhing$o4 Himtiiig diould he equally Free to tbt Iimahitami 0> both Nations VTiiiit the Salt^Ponds, and moft fair aide Timber (hoald alu> be in common^ tqaither with the Mines and Havens: AlfoaLeagi9eC3Ainve and Deffnfive ^as concluded between themffiinft all their Enemies. After which they Jet thenj1il;lyfe$ to worky ea^h in his SutioDf to adnnce^ his Settle- ment. J# The EngUib receiv*d con(tant Supplies of MeJhamlnie\hting gone with his Colony. Some endeavour'd to tfcape by Sesi, others fled to the Mocintains^ and all of them who were left, find- ing 'tWas in vain to refift fuch a powerful Enemy, fent Deputies to treat with the Spaniards. The Dm knowing ht had them in his Power, commanded them, m Maitre^ to leave the Ifland iminediatelyJ or he v^onld put them all to the Sword. He fent them their own Ships, which he had taken at NevL to embark on,and warper Avaded to ^ive leave to thole to (lav^that had not Room in the Ships for themfelves and their Families, till they could be tranfported. Upon which Xkn Frederick weighed Auchon cftrrv'j with him tfoo EngUfli, who were Btteft for his Service ^ and he was.no fooner gone, but the! €ngliih rally'd, and refolv*d to goon with their Set* tiement. I The French, who were got no farther than jlnteA go and Mmferrat^ ient a 9iip for Intelllgenf e to St.! ChrifiopherSf and underfhnding the Spaniards weRj gone^ and the Engllfli bufy' in rebuilding and replanj ting, rejoic'd at this happy and unexfpcifted turn oil Fortune, fail'd back to St. Chrifiophers, ^ndtttoou Pofleilion of their former Habitations. The Engliih continued carrying on their Colony till they WWQ in a Condition to (pare more Me^ for Settleilnents at Barbuda^ Memjerrat^ and Jnt^ j0^ which SvcThomMt fT^imer peopled and planted] And the ftme Year the Dutch made themfelves Mi flers of St. £2^^^ and the French took PofTeiliom fome other Ifiands. The pnglifh built themfelves good Houfes at Chriftophers^ and had Wives and Families : Where the French contented themfelves with Huts, after th Charibbean Manner. Few of them were marry^ and confeqoently took little Pkins to furniih then felves with all things necefiary and convenient Life. , Mofl yoi. Thi Hifiory of St. Chriftophcrs: 325 ' Mpniieor DtfmuiAut dy*d about the Year x^j>* and Sir Thomdi Wamtr did not long fiirvive him/ Before the Englifli Govemoar*s Death, theColonY was fo encrea?dy that there were between 12 and 13000 Soals of his own Nation inthelfland. He was fucceeded in his Government by Col. jRicJ!; ^ ^*^ I^'th who by following his Predeceflbfs Steps, in well go- ^weiww; verning the Colony, invited more People to come and fettle there. Th& chief Employment of the firfl: Planters was cultivating Tobacco^ by which they got a compe- tent Livelihood, but afterwards the Quantity that was made, bringing down the Price, they fet them- felyes in feveral Places to plant Sugar, Ginger, Indi- go^ and Cotton ^ and in a little time became a rich^ and flouriftiing People, both French and Englifli li-» vingy^ry lovingly together, till the late Wars in Eu» rope blew up a Flame theie, which is likely to end in ^e difpoifelTing of the one or the other of them. Let us now take a further View of the Country! for which, in the Sequel of our Hiftory, we . (hall find a great deal of Blood (bed by the two contend- ingNations. • The Ifland is extreatnly delightful, and the Moun- tains lying one above another, afford a lovejy Pro- fpeft over all the Plantations, to the Sea Coafts, all round tjit Ifland. Between the Mountains are dradful Rocks, horrid Precipices, thick Woods, ind hot fubhurous Springs at theFootof*em, inthe South-Weft part bf the Ifland. There's an Ifthmus at the South-Eaft End, which runs into the Sea, with- in a Mile and an half of Nevit *, on the fame Shoar it a Salt-Work. The Air is good and wholfome, but much di- fturb'd with Hurricanes. The Soil is light, fandy and fruitful, as the vaft Quantities of Sugar, and o- ther Commodities which it has produc'd, Tufficiently prove. ^ The Middle of the Ifland is hardly paflable, becaufe of the high and craggy Rocks and Precipices in the Mountains, and the Thickets and Forefts, where *ti$ ' ' ~ - -.- tho Vol. IL ahyPeopl^ in the Worlclat dearihebfWkys, and fellifig of Woods. The Mountains are divided, as it Wer^ ihto Sto- rie$f ont above another^ And fr6m tlk hikheft 6f them the Eye is Wondetfully charm*d^ to Tec the f riees alvvays green, which are planted found every Ground ^5 Boundaries. The Plantations look likelo hiah^ Gardens, and Nature is always gay and fmiling. the fine Houfes in this Illand add to the Beautv of the Plrolbef^, there being no fiher Buildings in Jmc' rka : Many of thenn are cover*d with filaz*d Slate. The firft that are mention'd of thU kind to be built herfe, were Sir Thomas Wamer% CoL tM^^ his •Succeiflbf in the Government, Mt. £verard^% and Col Jtf^fon's, ' The fenglifti, for the Gonveniente <)f' Plan- ting live katter'd up jftid dowh tke Country. Their Hbufes are of fcedar, and the Walks and proves about them of Orange and Letnons; They are divided into Five Pkriflies, Three on the South Side i and Two on the North Side. . ' In each of which is a very handfsfAe 'Cn'tirch, Wainfiotted within, and the Pulpits ifld Pews fnade of Variety of precious Wood, ks Cediit, febony, Ked-W<)od, Brafil, and others, citlridus R^X}dl6ur, and;delighi}iil for Scent. ;" Thel^ench live more together, and fatttretuilt a fine Town, under the Cannon of tfaei'Cittadel of BaJfeTerre^ of good Brick, Free-ftonCj and^rpcn- ters Work. There's a lar^e^ Church, a IJown-honfe, and an Hofpital. The Church there was fbktnerty in the Hands of theCapbthins*, but intheYlsar xi4f* upon fome Diftaft. they were difmifs'd'by'thelnha- bitaflb, and Pere durivhr^ with his Jefcr&W the Su|krintertdancy orEcclcfiafiieal Aiftlrs. 'Thefele- fuits receive no Tithe nor Allowance firomXhePeo^ pie, but are Planters themfeWes, and Intve Msge Plantations of their own, managM by Orerfeen tnd Slates, and the Religious are mai^^in'ti by them. The Caftle in this Town where the GoV«mour refMes, i^ the moftiioble Edifice in the Idaod ', but ▼ 'for jfis| and itoSto- gheftbf fee the id every k Ukeio p!y »nd cauty of in JffU' 'd Slate, be built 'its, and of Plan- Country, ^alks aftd Lemons* • thre* •Cfctitch, nd Pews ifebony, 'Cdlbur, e built a ttadelbf ^tjicn- m-houfCf taeEl|in sar I ff4tf. thelnna- ^'hadthc Thefcle- ivt\itge >erfeer» iiiti*d by ovcmour and*, Init 'for TkyW^ ^f ^f' Ciiriftophers. fpr thft Planters and Merchants Houfes, thofe of the £W/##it'#more ftately than the Frfw/;. . The little Rivers in the Ettglijh Territory are ^, ^ekjP'l^efVeninient totl|ie People and Country i and S wy hive got the fivers, fo they have alfo the l^ft ^^rjsoors, as FH^m Bay, Old JRoad^ and o- tjiers. ; ■ On the T^bantain, a1>put 3 Milec North of Fort Charlesy is a Place calFd the Silver Mine *, and the People of the Country fay there is fuch a one, bat they hjiy^ not F^ands, npjr indeed Hearts to work it j for thcjfr Sugar Plantations turn to fo good an Ac- count, Aai they don't care to quit a certain for an ^ncer^iix, Profit, finding they can grow ricji at % ^^7 ^ h^VjC btonght into the King of ^atfi's Treafury \ for befides hh own Subject, ijje Biiglijh^ French^ &nd J^c)!; have always had More than their Share with hint. The Sutphtir A^nr isbetween Fort Charles anc^ Point 5<<^/r, near the Shibiat. '' The Verce or Out-fides of the Ifland maybe tra- vcU'd rb^n£ the Country being all aL6vel j but, as has btetf faid, fome Parts of thfe Middle are iriac- ceffible^' 'tis out gf the Rocks ther^ tliat fevetat Springs df hot! Water ilTu^, and onfe Part ' of ^the Hills goes by the Naiii^ of ihe S«/o/i«r Moun- tain.' -•■■■■■ ' li;;..J_:")0' ■ -j: ? .,:.'; , ' Thefieafts in this Iflandare'the fame with^iteSft in SdrtSdoisy and the other Charibhee Iflands 1 k'fbw there are whic^ are more frequently met witn^hdteL as the^ffof^an Animal,vfhofe ^kin is lijce a Wither'^ leaf, mark'd with little yellow^ or blewifll Ifolntt. Ithasfoii^Fpct,' the Foremoft Ij^gheft, has fparklinig Eyes,^HMd$ up its Head i^oaftintly, and is in! cor? tlhuaPMbHon;^ Its Tall is tu;m*d up tdwatd^ Ift B^k,. miking a Circle and half. It loves to'ftare .ultonl^ffl'i''ajidWhcn'perfu'd, puts out itsTorigue %6'i m^^mtkl <''^' '-^ ,! ' - ■^'^- 'AiiBrlSiW^he tiibfl! partlttilair are, theQrkocffj alir^cBi^ ffiap*d like an tole i his Feathers lighi ji:#;;^oIted blacjc, the End of his Wings iSi Tall sSlPwt'' He never fets upon any Bird, U'l, (^ 2 ^ but ■■> : jrr JO mk.z 2^8 rheHifioryof Si,QM&xii but in the open* Air, and thpff whQjuy^ fil^flpl at^d Tallons like mm(el£ ,\ ''/^; / j ; The Crawfovl is another Bird, about the JBu^ie^ of a great Ducky aih*colour'4» tUs a tone flat Badu li great Head, fmall Eyes, and fliort Neck^V with t Craw, which will contain t\vo Gallons of Water, They fit upon Txees by the Sea to catch Fifli, which they difcoyer at a great CKAan(:e ; and are Co in. tent on their Prey, that they are eauly flior, but not eatable. Tlie (^//^n/ or //i(;mw>7£^ir^, is admirable! for its Beauty, Bulk, fweet Scent, and^ ^annpf, of Life. *Tis no bigger than the greateft fort of Flies^ 3^et (b beautifnl, that the Feathers; on the Neck, Back, aiid Wings* i;q|>refent a RaintK>iy* tinder its tiT^ck, is fuch a Di^llht red, that ilp nelembles a Cai;biirncie. Its Belly is yetlow as Gold y its Thighs greei^ like an Emerald V the Feet and' Beak black, like polifli'd Ebony -, its Eyes like 0ianipnds fet in an Ovai ^ its Head of a fhining greeav the Male has a, Tuft on nis Head, of all the Colours we have ittehtibn'd. *He makes a Noife with his Wings like a little Whirl- wind. He fucks Dew from the Flowers, Spreading abroad his little Cref(, which looks Hk^JEb many precious StoD^es. The Female lays bafr two Eggs, of an pva^l Form, ^s big as a Pea, or inaall Pean : SoOiie Ladies wear them £ep1; Pendants^ wJien dead, tho then they' lobfe much of their Beauty. Their Smellis Xike thax, pf the fineft Musk. Tm is ' alfo found in f^trgima^lBarliadaeSy and ptlier Tlaces in ^ / ■ ■ w ' .. • . ■ ' ,.---. ^ ■, ^ ,- .^ ^, .. . Befpire we return to our Hiftory, fronj. wnich we have made this long Digreflion, if we nsay b? (aid to idigrcisin \yhat we J»ve ipvrittcn of toe i?rQdu£t"and jQpi^n^ry 6f St. Chrifliph^ris^ it will n9t be (cpproper tp 4y ftmethirig of ^her<^m^^^ Natives of the Iflandji ,; j ^\ . - ■ ) ^, ', ^ i^^■^ M^j..^ur* They are the fame- (ort of Peowef.wffli.lRe In- f,t'' 'habitants of the othe? Iffands tr;^^e>in^ cr«da." Charib- ^^^^ They were wi^lpg, cnopc^^^ beans. Wifh the Europeans who Hrft laode(|'|here, and wen upQn the Place, when Monfieur J^tfifmbve came thither *, but upon his Landing^ mi^ Boyez or Conjurers, telling them,in a general Afl^mbly, met 01 3%iy?/^<»?7y /yAChriftophers. 22 (Ml Parpofi(» tkat the Foreigners were come to take iway tjieif Cbuiitry fcotn them, and deftroythem Root and Qr^nch^'twas refoly'd to maflacre them^as we have^ hinted already, and t}^ f^j/i]^ and irj(;yr/b drove them oat of St. Chriftophm. After which they had lon£;W4S$ with both Nations, and made Defcents on the Iflands they had lofl;, from tho/e to which they rctir*d. Thefe CharibbtoftSj fay fome Aathpi's, were de- fended from Arouaguesy a People of Guyana ; their Anceftors rebelling againft their King, were forc'd to fly from the Continent to the lilands, which were till then aninhabited* Our Countrjr-Man, Mr. Brigfiock^ who travell'd Day, much iti Florida, and (poke the Language of the Country, derives them from the Apalachites in Flori- da^ where there is a Nation who to this Day are cali'd Charibbeansj the If land. 6f St. Cruz, being the firil they^landed upon after they were forc'd, by the mrrowneis.of their own Limits, or the Power of their Enemies, to quit the Continent. They are ahandfome,weli (hap'd PeopIe,notan one- ey 'd, lame, crook-back*d, bald, or deform'd Ma:n to be leen amongft them. They are black-hair'd^ and keep it comb'd nicely. They pluck up their Beards by the Roots as fail as they grow. They ^o {lark naked, both Men and Women *, and the French^ who P. 254. are a very complaifant People, to (hew thefe Barha- riansYiom well ored they are, when they go among, them, ftrip themfelves, to be of the Mode. They dye their Bodies with a Tin£lure, which makes them red all over. They wear a little Hat of Birds Feathers of different Colours, and fometimes a Crown of Feathers. They make Holes through their Lips, and put a kind of little Bodkin through them, made of the Bone of ibme Bead or Fifh.. They do the fame by their N oftrils, in which they hang a Ring or Grain "; Or Chryftal, or fome fuch Toy. The Men wear . JBracelets on the brawny Parts of their Arms, the Women about their Wrifts. They adorn their Le^s With Chains of Roflada, inftead or Garters. Thole of them who have do Acquaintance with, the Euro- p9ansy commonly wear Whiftles about their Necks, Q)ade of tl^e G[one$ of Iheir EnenUes. The moil 'tij con- 9 Sjo cdhQd^ablb of all their t)ri%s(#nts, ii^^d^^^l!^ Medals of fii^e C^jJct, ibkSeMt ^^r flffliffit.^ M^ithout any gravinjzon th# y ulrliith^rc^ ttifle m the Form of a Creicw,iittdcncha$'dmfohie kind of folirf aiid precious Wod; Thefe ' W' thclt own Language they catl CirdccHs, Tfe AeiiViRNr or Badge 1»y which the Cajitains and their' ChiiaiT^it are dimnguifli'd from the ordinary fort of Peopli^. Thfe Women paint thi? Whtole Bodyj ihtl Wear a kind pf Buskins, v^ich fall no Idwei^ ma the Ankle. ]'^;^ ^ > , ' ^ ■ The Charibbeans haVe ah Ancient ahd riatoiral \kik^ and the firft jihiongthehiKl^. Tho the On&lhbeiins of ah the flUnds do gerid-aily underftii!nd oritfe ano- ther V yet there is in fi^reral 6f theih fomt Dial^ diiierent from that of the others. Their Langu^^ is extreamly fmooth, and has few or ho OvtrtrMs, Thi Charibbeans of xht Iflands have a (Weeter Pro* nounciatioti than thofe of the Cdntinent. Some Frtncb Men have obferv'd that Aejf have a kind of Averfion for the Ettglijh Tbngut* acnd carry their AverfiOn fo far, that they cannot endure to hear it fnoken. i 'fhey are 0»y of teaching their Language to tte Europeans^ even after they miveembrac*d the Chri- ftian Rdigion. The M^n have many Expreflidns proper ortly to themfclt/es, which the Women under- hand Well enough, bbt never pronounce : As fdt Example-, -r^/«df a Bed, is the Man's Word, andiV^ kera a Bed, the Woman's *, a Bow, OuHaba. the Man's, Chimaloy the Woman's ^ the Moon, Notnmt^ the Man's, Katiy the Woman's *, the Sun, Huy^cm^ the plan's, Kachty the Woman's •, and many others: The Women h*ve alio their V/ords and Phrafes. which if the Men (hould ufe they would be laugh'd at. # ! The Savages fay this Diftlnftionof the Mens and the Womens Language was occaflon'd thus: When the Charibbiam came to inhabit thefe Iflands, they \stre pofTefs'd by a Nation of Arouagves^ whom they ablblutely dcftroy'd, cicfpt the Women, whom they they marr I'd to rcpeople thejGountry \ the Won^en retaining meir own Language, taaght it their Daugh* ttr5 ] a»i, Theft is a great Crime among them t They leave their Houfes and Plantations, without any body to look to them, and are not afraid of a Thief. If a Knife is taken from them, they mourn for a Week, . and are eager to be reveng'd. They are very loving one to another till they are injur'a, and then they never forgive, ^ Their young Men have no Conver fation either with Maids or marry 'd Women. The Men are lefs amo- rous than the Wonien^ both are natunlly chaft *, and if they had not been debauched by the Example of the Europeans^ Luft W0)uld have oeen one of the Words which the Charihktam had no Term for. The Chrif^ians have taught them Diffimulation, Lying, Treachery, L \ury, and feveral other Vice& which were unknown in thefe Iflands, before they had any Commerce, with them. The Savages are civil and courteous to Stran- , geri, fays my Author \ and if they have fo ma* ny other good Qualities, why are they caird So- vages / They are very Ample, and Ihew it in nothing more, than in the extraordinary Fear they conceive at the Sight of Fire-Arms. not being aNl to imagine how they go off, but believe (he fcVil!i^iritil/and mttkt tbey reply, fme^ thy God modi tl^fita* vemmd lEarth of Eng(an^ ,«r FranoL or, ^ ^ktr Cnmtry -which they namt^ tmdcmfts thy fi^at to gro^ « ' thfre, hut our God made ourOtmtry^ and ca^s imr Manioc to grow- • , Thu& their natural Sentiraeat of a Sapetior Power is intermix'd with fo many Extravagancies, and in- volvVi in (uch Oarknefs, that it cannot properly be faid, thefe poor Wretchoi have any Knowledgie beating them, and playing other Pranks, we think the Reader would believe us as filiy as thefe A" mericansy if we gave Credit to iL or reported it, tho we find it done by other Hiuorians, who are fimd of Miracles. , Tis «fis feacif the Spifitt of Darknefi take occafion in ^Ki|^^time; fty hideous Apparitions, tttd dread'' tl BjepreTentatfaihi, to firighten the mifenbleChik ilibe^hs:, that they keep ^em in a fervile I*eit of cirPowery charm their Senfes by IllafionS) and jige them to facriiice to them on all emergent Oc- ilionf> ^ The Charibbeans believe they have every one or hem as many Souls as they fed Beatinigs of Arteries idieir Bodies) the pnncipal Soul they think is in lie Heart v and a(br Death it goes to Heaven vdth particular Gxxl» who carries it thithef to live ifl Company of other Gods**, and they fuppdfe it ( the (ante kindof Life as Man lives here on Earth. to the other Soals, which are not in theHeatt» believe (bnft afte( Death go and live on the i-fide^ and that they caufe VdTels to turii. The )sk% live in the Woods and Fbrelh, and are their iboyas^ or evil Spirits. TheV are extreamly afraid of Thander and Ligh^ Dgi and thofe of them that (eem nottobecon« m'a at it when they are among tiie Chriftians^ ive been found to be as mach teirify'd as the reft, vhefi they have been at home. Ai for their Habitations, they require only a Tree la HedgebiU to build them. Tlieir Hogfes are irtoone another, inthefbrmofa Village, and br the moft part v»j phuit themfelvesopon fome |ttle Afcent, as well for the Goodneft of the Air. as ) jkurt themieWes aigainft thofe peftilent Flies. iird Muskettos and Maringpins. They love to dwell earSprhifts, Brooks, and Rivers, becaufe of wafh- tnemielvei every Morning, befcre they put the Paint on their Bodies. Their Houfes, or Hats, are made in an Oval rm, of Pieces of Wood planted in the Ground *, o- M which they put a Boof of Plantane Leaves, or igarCanes, ' or fome ^erbs •, which they can fo (pofe and intermix one among another, that under at Cohering, which reaches tothe Ground, they ^efecur'd agaltift Rain, and allthc Injuries of Wea* kr. This Roof will laft three or (our Years, un- k there happens to be a Hurricane* ' They n% 9}! Th JBfiery of St. Chriftd^he^; They make ufe c^ faall Reeds faften'd a-eroftjbrl Palifaddett They have as many Partitions under eJ wry Covering as they would have Rooms. A Piece I of Matting ferves inftead of Doors, Bolts ai^ toM There^s nothing above their Heads but the Roof it| felf, aiid the bare Earth only is under their Feet 1 ^t they are Co cleanly, they fweepas often as(' Ik the Isaft Filth upon it. BeHcfes the little Room where they take their Reft, and entertain their Friends, every confiden. ble Family has two other -little Rooms*, the one ij their Kitchin, the other their Store^houle.' The| have a fort of Hanging- Beds like Coverlets, naade j Cotton neatly woven, which is faften'd to certain Pillars, and there they fwing^ as in atHammock, ^ they pleafe, or fix them in^ fettled Place, as tii think fit. Thev breed great Numbers of Poultry, andhav about their Habitations good Store of Orange-Tree Citron-Trees, Guavas, Fig-Trees, Bananas, and ther Fruit-Trees. ' ' Their Gardens are full of Manioc-Potatoes fe ral forts of Pulfe, as Peafe, Beans, Maize, Mill and others. They have alfo Melons, Qtrons, Ob bage of very delicious Taft, and Ananas. They often change their Habitatidns^ as the ^ mour nkes them, either on Account of their HeiH or Cleanlinefs, or the Death of one of the Famii] The Men, for the moft part, (pend their Timei broad, but their Wives keep at home, and do; Xhat is requifite about the Houfe. The Men hunt and fifli, but the Women fe home the Veniibn from the Place where *twa« kill and the Fifh from the Water-fide. They al(b get) Manioc, prepare the Caflava and the Ouicou, ordinary Drink, dreis the Meat, fet the Gardei keep the Houfe and Houfhold-ilufr clean, pa*' their Husbands with Roucdb, fpin Cotton, an^ continnally employ'd. In the Wands of St. Vtment and there are fome Charibbeans who htive many Ni| groes to their Slaves. Some ofthem they got fro the Englifli, and (bme from Spanifh Ships caft av •n the Coafls \ and the Blacks ferve them as oN * ' r ' cntll leitHy as,if th«y were the moft civiliz*cl Peoplein tEe the Qtaribbeans are teiiioerate and deanlv in At Moilsr, at lead the greate]^ part of them. They Q^dcat publickly together \ the Wotiieti never eat P their ^Husbands have done. They patiently eh- jgre lounger *, they drefs all their Meat With a gen- ius Fire, and are nqt the word Cooks in the World. iThMf commonly eat fitting on low Stools, and ever^f l^e has hb little Table to bimfelf. Inftead of Table^ Cloths they iife fair ahd Urec Banana Leaves^ new- |^y gathered. They Wafli their Hands before Meals, ind before they drefs their Meat. Their ordinary Bread is a thin Cake, which they csMCctftvOy made 6f the Manive Root They have another Kind of Bread, made of Maze, and fome of tl)eni iiiftead of Bread eat Potatoes. * Their common Food are Lizards^ Fifli, PuUe,' and djrabs. Their Defert are Figs, Bananas, or A- nanas. Sometiti^es the Charibbeans on the Conti* nent have a deteftable kind of Seafoning their Meat, which is with the Fat of the jircuagucs^ their itrc- concileablc Enemies. Their Drink is generally Mobby, madeof Pota- toes boil'd with water*, as the Oukou is of Caffavia, In feveral Places delitious Wine is to be met with *, as ' Palm Wine, Couftou anji Cane Wine, made of Sugar- Canes*, and there was more of this Wine made by theChaftbbeans of St. Chrifiophers^ than by any other Strages^ becauCe this Ifland abounded moft with Su- gar Canes. The Europeans have taught them to forfake feve- nlof their barbarous Cuiloms, particularly of their Severity to their Wives ^ for of late they are feldom feen to fetch home the Fifh and Veniion taken by dusirHusbands ', and wl^ they have been a iilhing, the Husband and Wife eat together : ^^fides. the Women go oftner to xhtCtrbety or Houfe of puolick Fcafts and Rejoicings than formerly ; neither are the Barbarians (uch Enemies to the Flefh of Tortoife, Umantinc. and Swine, a< they were before. An Inftance or which is reported in a French Hiftory of ^tCharibhi Jftmds, A Gentleman of that Nation, wI»o Ibr'd in one of them, being vifited by a Cacique or r' Comptny, in Jeft, with Uiuantine^s fle&: 7^ jC»dq»f iniftrpfting 1^^ Fi^i^climan wpjijl^ p^i Tfpck npQO mm, ppiTfi A? QpntUman fto^fodfrl Cffive hito^ and «ie ote, »^ his Hoijonr. Mm Hmt h? wop) j not. Th^ the Qcique M t6 it and e^t hpartjjy. After Dinner the Frfcnchrtin coft- fe6*d t^e Deceit, tp fee |iow the Cac^ue an<^^| FpllowiBrs wpulj ^hayi thi^fWes: Bat the C' i1|)l7ean, theic;aft Savage pfthetwo, repl^^^ It Prien4i ^? fi(*^ nptduvfgt : And he arulVf Fdllp^? tt% nit ^^ood F^ce on the Iji^^tter, ^t went hdtt& reiplving tjp be reveng'd. Accordingly (qnie ^n)e aKj l^er, theObCique invited th^lQentlemaQ to an^tei:.' Uinmei^t at his ViUa£e ^ ^od the latter wen| thither^ ^ ajttended by lotne of his Countryinen. The G^ari^ bean gave them a plentiful Feaft, but h^d ordered % People to out into aJltheSawcesfome Fatpfthfir dmEneoiies, of which the chief ChariDbea,ns are al- ways wejl provided. When Dinner was pver, the Capique a$k*d the* Gentleman and his CPmpanion& how they lik'd their Treatment? T^fey allhigWi commended it, and thank*d him for his Kiii^neC He then acq;;jiinted them with the Trick he had put Upon th^m* Moft of the Frenchmen were fo ilibcVj • at hear^pg it, that they c6ald not retain what'tKey had eatep, and growing iick of the Fancy, tw Ch^iribt^^n ia,ughd, and faid, t ^mnm revenged f The S^Kages take Pa^ns even in their :Fleifure$^ The chiefeft of their Exerciles are Hunting arid Fifh- ing, efpcqif llj Ithc latter. They are won^Wule»i pert in \xm& their Bows and Arrows. Theyli^ not lake their Wives withtl^sm v^^n they Hi^nt orfHlip ^fomeBrafili^nsdo. , ^ ^ Th«|irQrdiB?ryhMntlng isfqrUzards. They art the beft Fif^ermen in Jmetica^ either with ttt Hook or Dai;t, or otheif Inv^ntiphs. They wea,t^ Beds, ni^ke Ba)^ets of BuU-Eulhes,. Woofjen-Qbaln all of one Pie«/e^ little Tablies Wove of tte IfaVA of the JUtanier-Tree, Streinlng-Cioths, 'Q(f6c61)i leveral mis of Vcflels fbr el^ng mWA^i Girdks, Hats, and Crownj 6f Feathers. T^ieW, men make Buskins,. or Half-St6c|cings of Cottc)n ior themfelves. *nie The fH^ >f6 very ne&^ in 6rderin# aii«l Dofifliiog ^ A'fiK} itudiake ^ greftt de^l of Pains about the Miag^s tJit Boats, Tdiijie df Vrhich are lb large, that iliey will brty 50 M«i. TTtey.makc Earthen Pots ^all Ibrt^ as alio Plates. ' Tiiey delight madi hi httfidling Joiners and Oit^nters Tools, and yroiild Uake^od Mechanitlcs. They are great Lovers of iOtfeiw^ and Recreation, and take a particalar Ipte^ftnTe in keeping and ^teaching avafl; NmtibarcC |l^fofs;ittid Parakets. . I' Thie Charibbeans have Mnlical Tnftriiments, bat mMi verv far from d^lerving that harmoakms lyatife. Their Drunis ate niaSe of hollk>wTree% loltr W^ch tficy pot k Skin <3rt ly at one End. Thqr mTen^dekinadfCi^ati made of Gourde Aflboii jasthey are up in the Morning, they tnnea Pipe well dlf ih*d, Md handfomHy , made j fome of them of Je Bbftes of their Enemifes. Whilcthey are tiWing Itiieir'ftpes-, their Wives are My in getting theipa Ifteir meaklalfts. ' They fing certain barbaroiis Airs lover their Fi(h while *tis broiling. Moft of their . [Songs are fitter Satyrs, in their way, onti^eir Ene- nics. ThcyhavealfoSon^ on Birds, onFiAiesand domett, in the latter they would givieOfifeace to (M*>r*, for, like the Barbarians of far»Vomen then make a ihifttoget drtfhl^ ^otifhcy'^te feldom To -beaftly, except on thefe fo- mm Odcifions. As wh^in a "Gouncil of War is held, rheri they return from any Expedition, norn •, when/th«r Chirarens Hair is cut ^ Then they are at Age to.fto'to'the Wars •, when they ^in' a 'Building, TaunCh a Boat, or are recover'd anyBifesile. They h^ve, on the contrary^ thcil ilema Fafts, but 'twould be too tedious to give all leir ridtcalous Reafons for them. They Yeterye Strangers who come to their Idands pjrifit thenu with great Tokens of -Kindnefs and *" lion. They are very much afraid of being fur- ^riz*d *J9 v^ pri2'd hythc Buropeansi iuid driven out of jBie Iflandi I they pofeis ; and, to prevent it^ have M^ poftedoo the Seaf then command twice in chief, limlefthehasdi&ihguifli'^ himfelf eminently. Let ns fee whn are the Qualities that a new Man muft be Miifter of, to give any a Pretence toibuid (or the Office of Captain General amonff the Charib- beans. He muft have been feveral times in the W'ars, and have behav'dhimfelf bravely yi 'era* H« mud farpais all his Ck)mpetitors in Running, in Swimming and Diviqig. He muft be able to carry a greater Burthen than the reft of the Pretenders, and to endure Pain ^ which Experiment is macieby catting and hafhing his Flelb, and hisbeftvj^riends make the ^deepeft TnciHons. But this Ceremony is not us'd every where *, and thofe Charibbeans who have much Commerce with the Europeans, ^ve qvite left it off, with feveral other Cuftoms, at wbicii they laugh. *: TheCScique being chofen, makes War, prepires for it, and leads the Army. He appoints Auemblies ofCoanfeilors, andoftheCarbet ^s for Laws they have none, and no MagiftratesL He who thinks himfelf injured, is his dwn Judge, andgctswhat Satisfaction he will, or can, ofnisAd- veriary. If he does net revenge himfelf, he is defpis'd as a Coward. They are fuch Strangers^o Law, aiid Lawyers, that they hav^ no Wqrdsin their Tongue for Jufiice and Judgment. And if they knevi^ what they meant in ours, or how they ii;:e a- bas'4, ^ey would with ^eafon turn the Barbar^ns iipon ns. ' The(f carry fome Women to their Wars, to drels their Meat, and look to their Periagas. Their Ca^ noos.ate iefs Boats, fit for Rivers or Bap pply. Their Cuftom is to go from Ifland to Ifland^ to re- ^eih themfelves ^ and, to that end, they haveQar- dens in thofe which are defart. T}it ^9uaguiSj a Nation o( Guyana^ are their irrecoHcileable Enemies, who cruelly perfecuted the Charibbeahs qf the Cmtinenty the Relations of- thofe of th^ Iflands. The latter fail once or twice a Year in the^r Periagas^ to find them out, and be reveng'd onth^m. The Arouagues never make any Attempt on the Iflanders, but always ftand on their Defence only. The Ifland-Savages coaft along all the other Iflands, from St. Cruz, the furthermoft of the Cbarihbees^ ypL IL ' g ' which «4^ tl^ S -i. *wliiichis ^oo Lesgui^ ^iftstnt $(An fhie t:(Mntrj|f of kht Jrouagitej. When tfceyUna^ tfthe^Mrbdifco. ^kf^d. thevtakeitfor an iliOttien, and f^tre. If 'lidt, they ftek their En<^(iKies, and'eneage tbcfii. The 1^nrorie<(s tfiey take aire Hot immediKtel^llain, \nit thain'd', fitid carry'd hbttie. l^jTt to the >^0M^ir»'they;hate^He Spanierrds and •EttkHfli. A French Authdr gives this for a Reafon df their Hatred to the ^liglift, thatthe litter, nn- ^d^^^hbn^^ uf other K2iti 'tis very probable, k la ' 'foHidialobs Refleaton * oh our CouQfrytiieh Ifi^ our Enemies, the French. ^ tTKe^haVe^madefeverallncurfions o]?ohthe MUnds "efMo^ferfat and jhtegd^ bqriit Hbufes, dcftfoy*^ Plantation^ and, cari^'d aWay Men, Wbtejtti, khd <2l^llten V hut #e dd'fibt ttttflerftand, tHeV eat'iiny >cf;iHem 1 the Arouagufs bleiiig their only ^^ih<)f ' modt jo Years ago the^ hadYom'e fehglifli Boys ^nd Gi^ls in the IfleoPSt. rmceftts^ 'who being car- ry*d thither very yoiJWi,%ijrcbred'a]p^bijr!the They are then, provided Confent is obtain'd, ipfi fdio^ their Wives, and home they carry them. Thofe young Men that have fienali2'd themfelves in the Wafs, are much importUnd by the Fathers and Mothers of the young Maids, to take them to be their Wives ', and as often a^ they return vi^orious ftom War, new Wives are ofFef'd them. The young Men iievef converfe with either Maids or Women Tk'Hiftofy of St. Chri&o^^^^ t45 tillthey are marry'cl. If a Woman was formerly •* inconi&nt to her Husband, he knew not how to pu- fiilli this Crimea but (ince the Europeans have made it better known among them, if a Charibbean finds his Wife proftituting her ftlf^ to another, he does *him(eif pirefent Juflice, by beating out her Brains with his Glab, or cutting her open v\Ath a Razor. Their Cufloms at the Birth of their Children are too obfcetie to be reported. One merry enough is, that the Man lies in inftead of the Wife, and is dieted iot lo Days*, and at the-Birthof the Firft-born, the Father is (carify*d, and fafh a long time. AflToon as theChildren come into the World, the Mothers make their Fore-heads flat. They do not fwaththem. They name them lo Days after their Biltl^ and give them Names from fome Accident that btppen'd to the Father while the Wife was wit)^ * Child s As for Inflance , A Charihbean of Dommico luntag lieen at St. ChrHtophers^ in the time of his WiWi being With Child, and (een the Frtnch Gene- ral^ nam'd the Child he had* at his Return GeneraL in Remembrance of the kind Entertainment he had met with from him. Thefe firft Names are chanc'd by the Male Children, when they grow up to l)e Soldiers. TktCharibbean Women (iickle their Chililie«|*^ '. and are very good Nurfes. Their Children arelUM .^ up in a great Reverence of their Parents \ theyflBrr carefully educated in the Exercife of the Bow^ aiiW other Arms, to fifh, fwim, make Baskets, Clubs. Bows, Arrows, Beds, and Periagas, which is all they think is neceflary they fliouldunderfland. Th^k Charibbeans, by their natural Temperament, Sobriety and Exercife, enjoy Health and long Life. Tisfaid, they »re fo vigorous in their old Age, that *tis common for them to get Children at fourlcare and ten Years old. Many among them Ivne not*^.' crey Hair at above loo Years old. They hv •, fayj' *' the above-mention'd Author, commonly lyo Years, and fomeilmes longer •, for about jo or fio Years a^ro, lb. f UU there were fome Petfons living aftiong them, who remeniber'd the firft Arrival of the Spaniards in A- nierica, Thofe very old Per funs are bedriden, inv n^oveable, and reauc*d to nieer Skeletons. R J When .1 •' i*''!* Lowth, When they arc at any time fick, fehey hfve Re- courfetoHerbiS) Fruits, Roots, Oils, andGoois, by the Afilftance 6f v^hich they ibon recoVer their Health, if the Difeale be not tncareable. They have an infallible Secret to cure the Stinging of &akcs, a great Skill in their kind of PhyTick, and if» it fails, apply fhemfelves to their B^eiLj or Conju- jurers. who by their Devilifli Myfteries pretend to cure them. Twas formerly a great Aft of Friend- fhip among them, to kill fuch as were old and ufele^ but 'tis not thought (b now. « They bury their Dead with many ridiculous Ce- remonies, reckoned holy amohg theoK and foiiie- times kill Slaves to wait on the Ghoftsof the de- ceased. Thus we have, in a little Compars, gifen tilt Reader a diftinft Idea of the Origin, HlftorjF^ Co- ftoins, Manners, Religion, and way of Lmiig cf the Charibbtansy the firft Inhabitants of thefel^ndiv and this Account is to ferve for all the other Ifltiidli as well as St. Chrtfiophers^ of which we are treating \ and that being one of the biggefi, we thought we could not incert it in a more proper Place. Before we continue the Hiftorical Events of this Ipand, we fhall take fbme further Notice of the Cli- mtmimnd Country, by other Informations. Twiffor- ^lymuch troubled with Earthquakes, which, upon r^ruption of the Stdphur Mountain there« many ir$ago,have in agreatmeafureceas*d,and navefel- dom been felt there fmce. Hurricanes are ftill frequent here ^ and it was fomc time fince the Cuftom of both the EngUp and French Inhabitants in this and the other Charibhee Iflands, to (end about the Month of Jwf, to the Native Charibbees of Dommice and St. yincent^ to know whether there wc Id be any Hurricanes that Year \ ai?d about lo or 12 Days before the»Hur- ricane came, they conflantly fcnt them Word, and it very rarely fail'd. An IndiiWy who liv'd with Capt. Longford feveral Years, gave him fhefe Prognofticks, to K«bw when a Hurricane wa'« coming. It comes either on the Day of the Ful' Change, or Qiiarters of the Moon. If it will come on the Full Moon, you being in the Change, then obfer ve thefe Signs : That pay you will fee 'fk I^^90i of Su Chriftophcrs. i;>etli^SI|i«svecy tucM^t, theSunmore red than at other times, a great Calm, and the Hills dear of Clouds or Fms over them, wl^icti in the Higl?-I.?-nds arc fekJom lb. In the Hollows of the Ea. th or Wells,' thewvKiU be a great Noife, as if you were in a great Storjm 9 the Stars at Night will look very big, with Burs about them, and the North- Weft Sky Terf black and foul, the Sea fmelling ftronger than at other times, as ufually it does in violent Storms *, Mid fometime; that Day, for an Hour or two, the Wind blows very hard Wefterly, out of its ufual Courfe. On the Full of the Moon, you have the fame Signs, but a great Bur about the Moon, and many times about the Sun. The like Signs muft be taken Notice of on the Quarter-Days.of the Moon. In the Months of July^ Aigufi^ and September^ for I the Hurricanes come in thofe Months : the fooheft that had been ever hearik of was the 2jth of July^ {and t|ie lateft the 8th of September^ not many Years fince; for the Month the^ ufually come in is 247 We have nothing further to fay of St, Cbri/tcphers^ las to the Natural or Geosraphical Account of it, (o we fhall return to the Hiltorical ^ in which, if we are not more exafV, the Reader will exc'ule us, con- fidering the Difficulties we were oblig'd to druggie with : For having n()uch lefs Acquaintany with th9 Leward Iflands, than with the other Plantations, we could not procure fo many Memoirs, as we have ■done for other Parts of our Hiftory of the Sriti^ Em? Ipire in America, I To Mx^ich^ the fecond Etigliftf Governour of St. \Chrifi»py^ fucceeded Mr. Bverard^ who continued Mr. Eve* In the Government feveral Years \ and by what we rard, Go* ctii underftand, was in that Office whAi the Rump vemour^ ifurp'd the Supream Power in England. The Leward llands recunng to acknowledge their Sovereignty, [ing Charles the lid. appointed Major General ' ynti. to be Governour, and he was in PofTeflion St. Chrifiophers^ when Sir u'eorge jiyfcue arrived at Urbadoesj and reduced that Ifland : After which he lil'd to Nevis and St. Chnpophers \ but Major Gene- ral Poynti. not being ftrong enough to defend him* 1 Iclf againft the Power Sir Ceorge brought with him, R 4 . with- withdrew before his Arrivll, and fliip'd himfelf for Vtrgmiay the only Retreat for Cavaliers. Who the Parliament put into this Government we xannot teU *, bat after the Refioratiwiy thq Lord Willoughby yjM made Governour of the Inward Iflands,»as well as of Barhadoes^ and he refided there fometime^ Who was his immediate Succeilbr is not cone to our Knowledge, unlefs it was Sir WUUam StapU" torty whom we find not long afte;r the Lord WiUeugh- by*s Death, in PofTeiHon of this Government in which he continu'd to his Death *, aQd in*his ftead, K. James made Sir Nathaniel Johnfm Governour of the Leward Iflands, who enjoy d it til! ¥AnaWilUam\ Acceiiion to the Throne \ when, through Difconteot or Fear, he withdrew to Carolina^ and made way for Co\, Codringtm in the Government of thefe Iflands, who being a great Proprietor here, was the more acceptable to the Inhabitants. Tnere had not be^p any declar*d War between Wrance and Englandydnce the Settlement of the Ifland of St. Chrijtophersy yet the Engli/b and French had not been without Skirmifhes there upon their particular Quarrels, but they never made any Attempt to dif- poflefs each other till the laft War, which follow'dl the Revolution in England *, for King Charles and King] JameSy^ iniheir Treaties with Lewis the XlVtl^ agreed, that in Cafe of a Rupture in Ewropty the Subjeas of both Kings, in the Wefilndiesy (hould , ai|ht interrupted, which would 'be very fata^^o* their 1 growing Settlements : But the French^ who were never famoul for obferving their Treaties, broke this ', and before any Declaration of War was made in England or Francey they enter'd the Englifif Pale,! and dertroy'd it with Fire and Sword, forcing the! Inhabitants to f]y to the Forts for Safcty.'Tis true, the! .Animofities between the two Nations were grown to a great Height -y and 'tis faid, the Irijh Papiits, and others of the Popifli Faftion in St. ChrifiophtrSy m fii gated the French to break the Peace there, before Jt was broken in J^wrepf. • • . . i .' [ Th tSfiwy oj^Su Chriftophers. In Ktn| fp^iSEkxw's DeclafAtioaof War againft the frtneh King, the Invafiba of the Charibbee l/Urnds by the French^ is mentioned as one of the Reafons ofit When they had reduced the Englijh to great Streights, the latter apply'd to the Government of Barbadoes for Succours *, but before thofe Succour» amv*(L the Engli& furrender'd the Forts, and their Raft or the Iljand of St. Chriftophers^ to the Enemy, on the 2^tfi of Julyy 1689. and could obtain no better Conditions, than to be fent to the adjacent Ifland of Nevis. We muft now leave the French in PoiTefllon of the whole Ifle, and the Englijh Inhabitants of it dwelling in other Places. This prov'd a terrible Lofs to the Merchants of London^ and other Parts of England^ trading to the Leward Iflands *, for the Favors at Nevis fold great Part of their Merchandize, their Kejgroesefpecially, to the Planters of St, Chrift&phersy tncfthis made their Debtors incapable of paying them. Some diihoneft Faftors took hold of this Opportu- nity to ballance their Accounts with their Principals ^ and a Merchant of i\^^, who ow'd his Correipon- dent xoooo /. paid off the greateft Part of it with Debts at St. Chriftophers-^ for .many Perfbns be- ing ruin'd in this deplorable Calamity, it was a Temptation to an unfair Correfpondent to (iak his good Debts with the bid \ and the Author is but too well convinc'd, that there's a great deal of Truth in this Conjecture. Eight Mpnths after the Frenth were fole Mailers of St. Chriftophers^ there happen'd an Earthquake here, which was felt in the other Iflands. Tiie Earth o- pen'd 9 Foot in many Places, and bury'd iblid Tim- ber, Sugar-Mills, &c. It threw down the Jefuits College, and all other Stone Buildings. The French had two Men of \A^r here *, and having equip'd i y fmall Veflels, thty put 4 or 500 Men aDoard, and went down to Stacia^ out of which Ifland they drove the Dutch. We have mentioned Sir Timothy ThornhiWs being at AntegOy and his going thence to Nevisy to wait for the Arrival of Commodore Wright^ with the Uegultf Troops e^peAed from England, 'Jis faid ... in ^49 in our Account cfNivk, that the Forces rendezibai'd there; and all tnat remains for us toiay heF& iv what they did when theyarrly'd at St Chri^^anrsu The Ciiptd^in Ocnttily Chr^opher Cddritigto»j Eftji commanded in this Expedition in Perfbn, and faird homNifvif^ with the lincl Forces, on Thurfelay the tpth ofjune^ 1690 \ and the fame Evening the Fleet came to an Anchor before the Ifland of St. Chnfiaphers^ in Frigat Bay. In the Night, 8 Fri^ats weighed, and feli down j Leagues to Leward, to amufe and harrafs the Enemy ^ and the next Morning they re- turned. That Day the Eftglijh ply'd their great Guns from Come of the Frigats, which lay neareft in with theShoar, upon the Frf^cib in their Trenches, and receiv'd (bme Shot in Exchange from a Battery of 5 Guns they had there, but without any Damage on the Side of the Engli/h, At Night a Council of War was held aboard the Commodore, at which affifted the General and Field Officers, and the chief Com- manders of the Men of War. According to the Refolutions by them taken, Ma- jor General ThomhiUy with 400 of his own Regi- ment, and a Detatchmentor 150, out of the Regi- ments of Nevis^ jintvgoy and Montftrrat^ landed uie next Morning between 2 and 3 of the Clock, with the Forelorn, at the little Salt-Pits^ about a League to the Windward of Frigat Bay. The Field-Mark were Matches about their Left Arms. The Enemy made no Oppefition, having left that Place unguarded by Keafon of its Situation, it lying at the Foot of a Hil^ which is almoft inaccefllble, and over which they thought it Impoflible for Men to march. The Eng- tlflf mounted this fteep Alcent, by a Path frequented by none but wild Goats, and in lome Places fo near a Perpendicular, that they were forc'd to ufe their ' Hands as well as their Feet, in climbing up. About , break of Day they gain'd the Top, vvhere they re- ceive a Volley of about 7 or 8 Shot, from Jome Scouts plac'd there, who immediately upon their fi- ring retired. Two Officers were wounaed by thofe Shot, and one of them dy'd of his Wounds feon af- teh Sir Timothy Thornh'u! left one Company to fe- cure the Pals upon the Hi4i, arul led his Men down » third Part of^it, before t.iey were difcover'd by 'the # je Frendr, who then fir'd briskly ttodn the lEoglifli from their Trenches, wounded 'iTeVfcral |M«u afid among others Major General TJbornibx// iMDHelf, who wa$ fhot through the SmafI d* his ' teg, which oblig'd him to ftay the Binding of - , Dp : But his Men, Creoleans molt of them, ran efolutel^down upon the Enemy, and flank'd them I their Trenches ^ at the fame time that the Duke J Bolt9pf% Regiment^ and the Marines^ landed at frigat Bay. m which A£tion Colonel Kegtvin re- tard a mortal Wound v of w)iich he foon after dy'd. Col. M/r, who commanded the Duke of Boltm\ iegimen^ and aAed here as Lieutenant General, prg'd the Enemy fo bravely, that he forc*d them fo quit their Poft in Diforder, and leave the Eng*> ' iih Mafters of the Field.' 14. French tnd Englim irere kill'd in this Diibute. ^ Sir Jifwthy Thomhitt and the wounded Men eing lent on Board the Ships, and the Forces all [inded, were drawn up into four Battalians. Col. /o/t, who led the Van, was order*d with his Regi- lent to take the Road adjoining to the Sea. Lieu- enant Colonel John Thomas^ at the Head of the ^gfhadoes Regiment, march'd through the Coun- ry, and Colonel WiBiams^ with tl^ ^lintego Re- timent, march'd at a Diftance, as a Referve to hat Body. IVie other four Regiments kept their pofts, and waited for further Orders. After an Hour's March, Colonel Holt came up vith a fmall Party of the Enemy, and routed hem. The Companies of French which ran from \rigAt Bay, joining with the reft of their Fortes, liey all advanc'd againft the Englifti, and having lie Advantage of the Ground, and three to one Ji Number, they charg'd the Barhadoes Regiment. [fter a fharp Difputc of half an Hoijir, the French id alnioft furrourided the Englifh 1 but Colonel 'Williams coming dp with the Relerve, and at- kkinc them vieoroufly, and unexpe£ledly, the \arlfadians were To encourag'd, that they prefs'd efolutely on, and beat the Enemy out of the lield in Confufion, one part flying to the Moun- hins, and the rfft betaking themfelves to the Fort, *ft i$8 *. TUWfiory ^/ 5^ Chr iftophcfs. Fort, vdiich formerly belongM t^- the Englifli,! The four Regiments at Fright Bay were upon tbhl order'd to march up. and Colonel Holt^s £Ugiu|R)t alfo joined Colonel Thomat, After which th^ wboI«| Army wais drawn up into one Body, and the SoM diets were per initted to drink by Companies at the] adjacent Wells and Cifterns. ♦* I While the Atlny was thus refreftiing, the Cocfc| fwain of the Commodore came with Advice \i the Caplain Gweral, that the Men of War havinji fallen down before the Town and Fort of BM Terre^ the French, after firing tv/o or three! Rounds, f^uck their Flag, fet the Tow on Fird and quitted it, but by the Diligence of^the Sea-1 men, who came aihore from the Frigats, it m ♦ extingui(h'd. Upon wiich General Codrington march'd imme iSiately to Baffe Terre^ defigning to quarter the Ad my there that Night *, but the Enemy having led Store of Wii^e, and other Liquors behind then,] and he fearing the Diforders it might breed i\ mong the Soldiers, alter'd his Refolutions, and only halted there, placing his own Company Guards, commanded by Colonel Byamj m t Mafs-Houfe. He then order'd the Army to mard to the Jefuits Convent, lying about a Mile abo? the Town •, where they were drawn up again and Orders were given to lie by ^eir Arms a| Night. • 1 Guards were fet, and Parties fent oat to drive iii Cattle. The Englifh found Store of Flower) Bread, &4:, ip the Convent The Night provT wet, and it rain'd ^yithout Inter miflion till Mor ing ^ but the Officers g^heroufly ftiar'd the We ther with the Soldiers, fcarce any, except tl General Officers, going into the Convent foi Shelter. The next Mornihg the Army march'd dowfi I the Town, the CommilTary General having 1 cur'd the Liquors in a convenient Store-Houfe : Th Soldiers had free Liberty to plunder the Town, an the ComminTary of each Regiment diftributed alfi Wine and Brandy among them . The Fort here vya ijfiounted vvitl^ i6 Guns, whicll the Enemy hail naili Ul'd and fpiK'd •, but the Engliih clear'd^ them a- Uin. ■''■'' , , I In the Afternoon Major Cvntherp yiras fent with 150 Men, out of the Amtgo Regiment, to gain and fecare a Pafs, which was thought to be pofleTs'd by the Enemy. It- lay in the Way totheEngliflt Fort, and the French quitted it before Major Qm* Wlkp came up. • The next Day the Engliih continu*d in the Town ; tnd in the Evening, the Country all round it waf ialjanies, being fit'dbythe Englifh Negtoes, who Icame from the Mountains \ where f hey had lain Ifince their Mailers, the Englifli, were beaten off the . Ilfland. The Day following General Codrin^on^ with the I whole Army, march'd towards the Fort, and that iiight encamp'd about three Miles froth it, having jthe like ill Fortune of rainy Weather. The feme Etey ^he Men of War weigh*d from Sa§t Terrfy and fell down to 0/^-^0^', and the Whddl-barrowsy . Ishovels, Pick-Axes, ^c. were brought afliore. On Thurfday Morning, the ^oni^Jmte, th^ Englifh march'd within a Mile of Ae'Toirt, and encamp'd under Covert of a high Hilf^ a Detach, mentoutof Col. EarVs Regiment lieipgfeiit,: under [the Command of Capt. WilSam ButU^^ to tecdre the Top of it. ^ . '= • The next Day theCommodore's two Ghale-Guns, and 6 Poundefrs, were brought alhor^ In order to Ibe drawn up to the Top of the HiU ^ atid the [Marine Regiment, under the Command. of Colonel r mrhy^ Captain ot the Succefs Man of War, was |eniploy*d to cut and clear a Path for the drawing Uhem up 5 which was done 'in two Days time, a Ipiatfprm laid, and the Guns mounted on it. Baf- Kets of Earth were thrown up, for a Covering from Ithe Enemy's Shot, it lying open to the Fort.* On iwhich they began to play ou the3othof3^f, the veryfirfl: Shot doing Execution. The Frigats alfo weighed from Old-Road^ fto«d down to the Fort, and batter'd it *, the whole Army at the fame time marching into a deep and wide Ditch, between the {Hill and the Fort^ within Mui5ket-ihott>f it. / In * ^ In tJie AlUrnoon the Firigats £bood up^agiiintol Old Road \ but the Guns from the HHlKeptpUyJ in]jr inceUantlj till Night : At which time the bA gliflf beean their Entrenchments, running (ftoj^ the Ditch where they Uy encamp'd) a Trenidiy with a Half-Moon at the End, capable of holding ^oo{ jMen. On the ift of Jvly^ one of the Nevis Reg^m(»)tL{ and part of the >^ay four <]SpriiDa)iies of the Enemy march'doutjj the Fv'>rt,' ani4 WW up befpre the Gate ^ but ini] Quarter of an Hour they march'd in again. The ^/«/^ having finifh'd their mlf Moon, another Trench about a Quarter of a Mjl^ feloffl it, able tb contain a like Number of Men.; Ai^fkl a like Diftance below that, they began ran<^ei wide ei^ough to draw the Carriages of ,the jgr Guns through. i il i The four following Days they continued quicili their Trenches, and at Night ran on their Worki| The Frefich nr'd Day and Night upon them widi great Guns and fmallArms, but did them little Oii< mage : Whtreas the Guns on the Hill extreamlyi gall'd the Enemy, leaving no Corner of theFoitj Tk^ fS/lcrji pf $tk ChriOqphers. lQlc^rcb*(l. Some Hundreds of French being out In ^ Mountains, headed by one Monfiear rmeSe^ ^Paf^ies were daily fent abroad, commanded by the Pfficersin their turns, tofcour them out. And the Major General, SvcTtmotkjfThomhitt^ being retom'^* went himfelf, on the 7th of Jidyi at the Head df 1 200 Men, on the tame Delign *, but could not meet with any Enemy to engage- him, the Fr^rib lurking Ubmetimes in one Place, and fometimes in ano- teer* However he took fome Prifoners, many Ne- groes, and Store of Cattle. After Sir Ttmothy ThornhiWs Return to the Camp, U Proclamation was made, by Beat of Drum, in jlei^ral Places of the I(land, by the Command of the |;General, that all who would come in, in three I Days tiwie, (hould receive his Proteftion, tofecure Ij^ir Perfons from the Outrages oiT the Soldiers. ISeveral Families furrender'd themfelves ^ of whom vy»were permitted to return to their Houfes^ ^i Heep ,fome fmall Stock, till farther Orders. lonfieur P/z/tf/fc alfo fent in a Flag of Truce from the lountains,' to acquaint General Codringtoriy that he lid ^pt come in without Leave from theGover* iioqr. uijowever he a/Tur'd him, he would remain luie^ ajftd^ive free Paffiige to any of the Englijlhs Wld'^eirwith. the Arftiy continu'd in their Trenches the xotji id I'jth of the fame Month, having run thettt fithin, PiftolShot of the Fort. They had a Half- loon over againft the Gate, on which they planted fcveral •Colours, two |8 rounders^ knd four 1^2 ?oan|;lers~i but before they were mounted, on Saturday tfie 12th of July, the Drums beat a Par- fey in .th? Fort, and four Perfons , march*d otit ?ith a Flag df Truce. They were met in the Patltire, between the Englifh Trenches and the Fort, by. Major Legard^ and by him conduft^d to mttdljCodrington. After iome Treaty Hoftages were given on both >ides : A French Major continu'd with the Eng- hih, and Lieutenant Colonel Not was fent to the Trench^ Captain Hamilton went alfo with him, as Interpreter, Notwithftanding the Treaty, Gene- ii\ Codjrington continu'd in his Works, joining his Trench ?5j m- Trench vco die Enemy's Trench, thronsh which they ui^d io come from the Fort to the WeOT Oot'Guards were plac'd under the Walls; and it j the Gates of the fort: And in the Evening the EngUih mopiited their Xjtiins on the Battery. A- bout 12 a Clock in the Kight, there was a Can let over the Fort- Walls, (it being fitqate by the Sea-fide^ which ran aboard a Sloop that came dole in with the Shore, under Covert of the dark Night The Enelllh Ifet fly a whole VolJey upoa them, which made; them hanen away. I Captain iHamiUm came to the Centry at thel Fort Gate, and ^rder*d him to acquaint Siif TmA thy ThomhilL that there was a Ship ieen oiF. Up.| on which Mr. Spencer^ his Secretary, was dil^atchr away to OU Road, to give Commodore fTn^kna tice of it V but in the interiin, aBrigantinewas ~ in pursuit of the Sloof). The Commodore immediately order'd two Fe gats to weigh, and put out in fearch of the faid Ship, a Sloop\ which they did : And the next DjJJJ^^JJ^^" they return'd, without feeing any Veflel. All the while the Englifij were attacking tli French at Land, there were two Men of Wal that cruized about, to take any lrefick.Bi&vs ik might arHve there, either by Defigiti^'Cfiancej j|)ut they met^With none. ' o* -. On the 14th of July the Fort was fnnrender'dt General G7^r^^^/<'^, upon the fame Articles that f Englifl) had, when they delivered up the Fbrt tot French. , • ^-.Ki*: After the Enemy march'd out^ the EUgUfii Was put up, the King's and Qaten's Health we druunk, the Great Guns thrice lir'd, and thrte Yd leys made by the whole Army. ^ The F(jrt was Qjjadr angular, confiding of foi Flankers, with three 6tirtains oetween each. ( each Flanker were mounted five Guns. The Wl were of Stone, about twenty Foot hi^h, (Urronii ed with a deep Ditch, twelve Foot wide. O Iwhich Was' a narrow wooden Bridge. In the Mil die .of the F<5rt were two Mounts, thrown up f Batteries. There was alfo a Well, but upon hri the Gttns, the Water prefcntly dry'd away* The # wa» ^- i*i:£ tf Prcvifions, liquors,, and Powdery bott" vV'iiUelihot. > ^ Tiiw £^/(^ had about x 00 Men kiird arid wdund- ed^in re-ta^ikg this Iflan4||||kch i|i general is tery ftrong, there being r«^iHpiallFornfications and Breaft- Works all round«Mc&pt where 'tis na- ^ » turally fbrtifv'd with Hills and Shoals. Thie Inhabitants were about xSqoMen, befides Women, Children, and Negroes, who were all, (except the Negroes, who were to be divided as Plunder) tranfported to tjie Ifland of HifpantO" It *, only ibme particular P^erfons )iad the Favour granted them, to be carry*d up xa*Martmico, After a few Days Refrelhment, Sir Ttnwthy I TbomhiU embark'd with his own Regiment in the Sloops, and the A/Wv^i on Board the Frigats, and fetfeil for the Ifland of St. £wy?/icff. j. ' The (ame Day, the 20th of Ju/)^^ htcamebe^e the Ifland, and fent Captain .^l^i/Miiafliort^ with a Flag of Truce, to fummon the Governour and Inhabitants to furrender: But the Governour re- tarn'd Anfwer, that he would defend the Place to Itheutmoft. The next Morning the Frigats began to better [the Fort *, and the Major General landed witjirnis [Men, at the fame time, under a high QifF, which 1th«y afcended. They had not marc^i&r, after liey got up, before they perceiv'd {omwDutch Co- )urs in the Woods. Upon which a Party was fent ^0 difcover them ^ who return'd with an Account, kt it was Colonel Scorer^ (the Governour of the Jand for. the Dutch, whea the French took it) fith a 1 0% Men under his Command *, who came torn Si^Oy and landed thftjce 3 Days before i but not ||?ing Streaeth enough to take the Fort, (into vhich the Inhabitants were fled; he defign'd to get rhat Plunder he could, and fo go off again. He re- * as'd to join vyith Sir Timothy l^nMMy becaufe ic ^was firft landed, and fo accordingly fee went Iff the next Day. The Major General proceed- Td in his March towards the Fort, and encamp'd Wn Musket-fliotofit, under the Rifing of a fmali ' Jill. Vol. If. The «" 2$8 The Hifiory of St. Chrlftophers. The next Day the Marine Regiment landed, and the Shovels, Pick-Mes, &c. being brought aflioar, the Englijh began diiiy^trenchments, running their Trench along by |PHbrt, within Musket-Shot of it. . After y Days Siege^Tlie Governour fent out a Flag of Truce, with Articles •, bat he was fo high in his Demands, that Sir Timothy refus'd them, and return'd for Anfwer, That if he did not defcend to mote rea- fonable Terms within 3 Days, he would give him and his Men no Quarter. Within the prefcrib'd time, another Flag of Truce came out of the Fort, and the Governour furrender'd it upon Quarter for Life, and to march out with their Baggage. The Fort was mounted with 1 5 great Guns, was (urrOunded with double Rows of Stakes, the Intervals fili'd with Earth, and without that ftrong Pallifadoes. On the | one Side of which was a deep Ditch, and over it a i verynjrtrow Bridge, leading to the Gate, admitting but one at a time. The belieg'd were about 60 Men, (the Women and Children being fent off fome time before.) They had a Well for Water, about 20 Barrels of Flower, fome (alt Fifh and Pork, and a fmafl Quantity of Ammunition. They behav'dl ihemfelves very bravely during the Serge, efpeciallyj the Governour, who was very aftive in firing thcl great Gun^ Sir Timothy Thornhill had but 8 Men! kiird and"unded in taking this Ifland, where hel left one Company, under the Command of LieutcJ nant John Afackarthwy and then return'd to St. Chm ftophersy with the whole Fleet, tarrying the Inhabi*! tants with him Prifoners, and from thence they wen tranfported to Htfpamoh. Lieutenant Vilkington wi ^ afterwards fent down with a Company of the Dull of 5o/^w> Regiment, to relieve Mr. MackarthwA The Inhabitants of the Ilknd of St. Barthoiomm who were brought up Prifbners from thence to Nevi\ being fent down to St. Chrlftophers, before that Illar was retaken, there met with their Wives and Far • lies ^ and after that IHand was rccover'd by the£« li/^jy were defirous to live under an Engliflj Govern ment. Upon which General Codrington gave then Liberty to return to their Illand, tranfported the ' thither, and granted a Commidion to one Captiij Lt Grandy a former Inhabitc\nt among thcin, to ' 4 • the The Htftory of St. Chriftophcrs. their Gove^noui^ and to keep and defend the Ifland in the Name of their Majeities King WilUam and Queen Mary^ Under which Goyemment it continu'd feveral Years. . ^ The EngUflj thus far went on faccefsfully, and great Talk there was that they would jdrive the French quite out of the Charibbee Iflands. The next Expedition was to be againfl Guardalwpi General Codrington order'd the Forces to be mufter'd [ in OEloher^ and be in a Readinefs to embark. Com- modore \Vright was reinforc'd with 6 flout Merchant Men, fitted out for Men of War, it BarbadoeSy a«d more Men were fent from that Ifland, under GoL IBttelerf and Col. Salter, The Troops rendezvous'd^ It St. Chriftophersy where Lieutenant Colonel ifot was left with a Garrifon, to fecure the Inhabitants u well ag^inft the French and their Negroes, wlp Iliad fled to th^ Mountains, as againii: an Enemy that tmight invade the Ifland. This Precaution was very neceifary ^ for the French and their Slaves in the Mountams often defcended into thb Valleys, and in one Defcent kiird if ^Idiers out of one Compa- ny of Foot* that ||to left tl^re. * \ > I Captain If^r^k vias acc^^d of being vei^ remifit |in his Duty^ and that thr^h Jealooiyqf General Cfdringtmy or Fear of i^^i(chiJ\syiis the Ruin of the Exp^tion to GiixfdJoup, T^^HU^ Care f kofcour thit 0tmbbe^^^H of Frerfpk Privateers, prhich almofl furroQlidedH^^^MMry V %nd yvhat he lid at Guarddoupy is net worth mentioning, tho he ud a good Fleets well mai^ gund equi^ Me m4 jtneral CodrfifTgtt;)!! (as a Mall btHgaqgLmou to is Friend) i^i^rAfi^ r^^rdsloupy wi^mFSijf tUafon^ nly their mkjeitlmtfies^ andn^m ofW^yttt^Wk^ ^ we had thret tim$sthe Number «^*Aiim tbdKth$ [renchiM. They Ufit}heitMfrterPeH(e bt^nd them. ^ Frei^j^^'^r/if fame nmt defertid k auo^ ehnclu- J we were going to attach^ MarthiUo^ Jo that ary A migmfor a time hammefs'd the Iflandi /Ve havrTpokenQi tbii Enterprizc in thejiiflory ' Barbadoesy (b we ilnjl ^ no more of* it here, fhe EnMf continu'd Maflerlof all St. Cljriftophers^ d the Frencff defpair'd of re^tcrin^ their Part, but a Pence* ^ ' S a On %6o The Hifiory of St. Chriftophers, On the 23cl of March, 169^' Commodore Wilmot arriv'd here, with the Fleet and Land Forces defign'd for Jamaica^ and from thence he proceeded on his intended Voyage. On the 23d of January, \696, theAddrefles and Aflbciatirtls of the Chief Governour, Deputy Go- vernours, Councils, Aflemblies, Officers Civil and JMilitary, and all the principal Inhabitants of his Ma- jeily's Leward Charibbee Illands, which had been feet over by CoL Chrifiopher Codrington, Chief Governour of thefe Illands, were prefented to King^ William, by the Commiffioners for the Affairs of' the faid lAands. In^ i6s>7* Col. Collingtpood arriv'd at the Leward Illands with his Regiment ; and himfelf, and Part of his Soldiers, were quarter'd in St. Chrifiophers^ where the Colonel's Lady and Family alfo lettled. The Climate did not agree with them, nor much with the Soldiers. Mrs. ColUtigwood and her Children dy'd in the following yeai; *, at whiqh time. Col. Codrini- ton. Son of General Codringtm, was in PofTcflion ofj the Government of the Leward, Iflands, his Father b^ing dead. ' ' . ^^ ^^ On the I jth of Jaihtary, that Part 6f St. 0?r/> phersy which had been -^iken from the French in thei Waij w%s reitor'd to t&*iiii'in Purfuanc^tjf theTrca' » ty^tEi^icki\^\3it thejrdia not enjoy it lone-, fori ^une, X 7 o 2. 'if oL Codrinmn^t^sing %cciv*d Advit of the Dechrati5§h df thfprefont War with Ftmt^ attack'd the French Part ot St. Chriftophers^ and aft firing but xme Volley, of, Shot, their Fprt was ft rcndSr'di^im. ^ '^ 111 the Hfljl»ry of Antfgo we hgve given an Accoun ofS(A.h!CoJMt^^'i Expedition tpAnw Cuarddn 9hd the FrerHfh Ifland«, of wh^ch M took $t. Bari hmev^ zni SuA^artins, . , , Some time |;!efore the Surrender of thb Fort the Frr^riEr, tn odd Accident happen'd in ^Uieir Pi of St. Chriftophers, Monfieur rff Gemtesy The Frti Governour, had marry'd the Widow of a Protcfta Merchant of Rochellt^^viho Jiad a Dapghter of t Religion, whom he ttdeavotir'd all he could to f ' vert, and emploVd a jcfui^ to deal with her to i JEnd. The Prielt being coavinc d by the young tiewom her to Getmes ( look the vey'd th( Proteflai woman. In the General i fucceed ( Leward I Beginninj Tranfpon Capt. IVa prov'd h€ where. 2 o< |dv'd aboai of thefe li vcrnotir o hndei her Nevis. T of War, a and being of which 1 The Gove fent down St. Chrifiop, ftroncSqUc Ihis Aflidan \French wot iFor afToon |lylcft the jroes, Whic The Inhj to have the )f Nevis •, lurricane, WefhiM eOffcers TAr Hifiorj of St. Chriftophers. tIewoman*s Arguments or Beauty, went ofF.with her to the Ertgliflf Settlement j and Monfieur de Gnmes demandina them, fome Englljh Gentlemen took the Lady and the Jefuit in the Night, and con- vey'd them to Nevis^ where the Prieft profefs'd the Proteftant Religion, and marry'd the young Gentle- woman. In the Year 1 704. Sir William Matthews^ Brigadier General in her Majefty's Armies, was appointed to fucceed Col. Cgdrington in the Government of the Leward Iflands, and he iail'd from England dhoMt the Beginning of Jmcy w|th 6 Men of War, and 1 2 Tranfport Ships, having on board fome Land Forces^ Capt. Walker being Commodore. The Ships Crews prov'd healthy, all but the Burford Man of War, where. 206 Men dy'd. Sir William Matthews himfelf M aboard the Commodore *, ^"d we hear no more of thefe Iflands, till Col. Daniel Park was made Go- vcrnoiir of them, in the Year 1705. The French landed here, before they made their fatal D6fcent on ilevis. Their Forces were erabark'd aboard j Mea of War, and 20 Jloops. They attack'd the Fort, and being repuls'd, fell among the Plantations, fome of which they burnt, and plunder'd the Inhabitants. The Governour of Barbagoes having Notice of it, fcnt down a Sloop to the Lieutenant Governour or St. Chrifiophersj to acquaint him, that there was a ftrong Squadron of Englijh Men of War coming* tp his Afliftance ^ in Hopes that upon this News the frwr^ would retire, which had the defir'd EfFeft : For aflbon as the Freneh heard of it, they immediate- ly left the Ifland, taking with them 6 or 700 Ne- iroes, vy/hich Monfieur Ihberville fold at ^era Cruz., The Inhabitants of St. Chriftophers have roHiciredl have their Lofles ni?1e up to them, as' well as thofe f Nevis *, 3nd they fuifer'd alfo in the late terrible urricane, but not fo much as the letter did. We ftiall condncle this Hiftory with the Names of be Offcers and Magiftratcs, as fir a^ we cojlci pro- Itiijea Lilt of them. 2^ Liciv Counfellors. ^fs The I^ftorydf St.Chxi&ophtTS.^ ^ Lieutenant Governour, Mkhftel Lambtrt^ Efq^ Henry Burrely Efq-, Prefidcnt. • Samuel Crooky Efq*, \ JoknGarnety Efq*, Stephen Paine^ Efq', John DavieSy Efq^ Charles MattheWy E(q*, |5f^lMitCorn, tnd breed t^me Cattle*, for which '

m.^H9fii'^e»^u, T/iirrt^ jfia .fS / Xh*. Xacflofuiim of -tk*- Mm^ . IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I i I2£ ■ SO Ui I&2 12.2 2.0 u ta I M ||l.25 1^ ||.6 ^ 6" ► W4 M"" 0>^ '^ Photografiiic Sciences Corporation as WIST MAIN STtllT WIISTH.N.Y. MSM (7U)I73-4S03 • ««lh,-. , ■•■•*I»IS" :]rv*»VT* .- -*ii.'— <»^%' i *%»» ;» r»'iiiiM ^ »- ;? / I, SWW**^^**** '.K**-! '^t' i . Mt'Wt^iunbi iCttAwo-' -> li •;?* w^n** . !••* >Mi»«> « >ii I am iii n -p*"— ••>'•*» *»-*i- • •^►•♦^ •.•#*»(f»-y ♦•'i m The J^^ary ofizmdiaL. - i<7 ivritw, 45 Leagues. Tjs "fifty fljbigues ia Length from £<^ to Wefi, and mht^ or more, breadth.! ^ The Spaniards firft fettled in the H^r/^mi the Ifland, where they built the City of i, bat difliking the Situation, they built6'^i|i, ilortkfwardy and then Orifian^ which lay oh t ther fide of the Mountain, on the Southern Sh But the Air in this Place did not pleafethem morie than that of Mettila, So they chang'd again, and r«mov*d their Habitation to St. Jago^ which they all'd, St, Jag9 de la Ftga^ where, by the Helo of the Natives, they built a very fine City*, ofwnich Cdumhus was made Duke. Here the Spaniards liv'd moftly, and ifept Slaves to plant for them, at their Stanchasj oriittle Plan- ations *, from whence all ^rts of Fruit and Provifi- ons were brought to thetinh Town. They minded oo fort of Manufacture, or Trade, but liv*d a l^zy luxurious Life, on the Produftof a rich Country \ all that they tmk Care for, was a little Sugar, To- bacco, and Chocolate. A few Vefiels came to them Ibiiietimes, to tthe Mafters of which they fold their Hides, Tallow, Pepper, and Coco-Nuts, but in no great Qiiantities. Yet, for the PolTeflion of a Place which they would not be at the pains to cultivate, Ihey cut the Throats of ^ooog Indians^ Natives of the Ifland. They themfelves wertf not above 1500 Inhabitants, and ak many Slaves, when the Englifi conquer'd it. The chief Reafons why there were fo few People here, were, becaufe the Spaniards generally chofe rather to iettle on the Continent^ or*at Hijbaniola, And the Dukes De la Vega defcended of Chriftopher Columbus^ who were Proprietors of the Ifland, exa£led high Rents of the Planters, plac'd Governours, and were as Sovereigns over the Ifland. Befides the firft Planters were moft of them Pom/- «w™ith theLofsof 4.0 Men, fack'd the City, ;d the Spoil with his Soldiers. Thenput- thi^Toifrn to Ranfom, he received a confidera- um, to fave it from Burning, and retreated to Ships, the Enemy not daring to difturb his Rear. After which the Spaniards pofTefs'd the Ifland Ufi. difturb'd, till Cromwell, by the Perfwafions of Car- dinal MazjtrinCy who politickly contrived it, to makeufe of his Arms againft the 5/>tf»/<«;' and for want of Knowl^ge of the Country, Hickeria* aob could not purfue them. T At V »7^ The Hifiory cf Jamaica. At lali the Spaniards grew weary of their hard Qparters in the Mountains, which did not at all agree with' their riotoas way of living ztSuJago*^ and defpairins to be able to diflodge the EngUfik who ' 'Sl^^ ^^*^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^"' ^^ ^^^^ lurking Places, .Inl^ retir*d to Qtba^ leaving the ^/^^/d^r^ff^ and Nf tv'imi^ln the Woods, to harrals the Enemy, and keep PolTeflfohof the Ifland till they returned.- The Vice-Roy of Mexico commanded them to re- turq to Jamaica^ and order'd the Governour of Ci«&« not to let them (lay there, fending them Word, that he would fupply them with Men and Ammuni- tion, to recover what they had loft. Accordingly they came back, and (catter*d themielves. op and down in (ingle Families, that they might oe able to fubnft the better, and prevent being diftover'd by the Engl^. But this miferable Courfe of Life kill'd^^ veral of th^m* and there came no more than 509 Soldim Jto their Afliftance, who alfo refused to join with t^n, ¥^ben they iaw the weak Condition they Were in, knd retreated to the North of the Ifland, fortlfyinc themfelves in a Place call'd St. Chereras^ * Waiting for a Reinforcement. In tne mean time the £»g//>& pofTeb'd thepielvei of all the South and South-Eafi Parts of the IlUnd : A Heath. Regiment was feafied about Port Moram^ to plant Chron. and fettle there, and others in/other Places^ over C0/.Doy- whom Col. JD«>/v. was left Oovernour, with between ly Govcr- 2 and 3000 L^nd-Forces, and about ao Men of War, if9ur, commandfd by Vice-Admiral Goodfon* f^erti^es Jiud Pen retum'd home, and arriVd in EnglandL^I^Sfftember* where they were both impri- fan^df! for their *fi:andalous Condu£t in this Expedi- tion V vil^h would, have been an irreparable Diiho- nour i^%^ £/;g/4(^ Nation, had not the Ifland of Jam(ti0f'm\iich Chance, more than CcMUicil, be- ftow'd 0)^ thepa, ma^ amends for thIurLofsat HiJmMa. t, Muml lK>fe tht» Mi»fi»ltune with an Heroick Temper,>iit)ii|(^ ^e wif |i%ays Mailer of^ and to put the bef^ct vfat^ tbeJMatter, highly extoll'dthe Advantag fowell asf(fn«ii>/#jhaddone, •* . he The Kftory of bmaical ^ji lici commanded a Squadron of Men of War to be fitted out for Jamaica ^ whether he fent Major Sedge* ifici, to take upon him the Government in the Room of CoL £>cyly. With Seagewick went Col. Humfreys^ the Son of him who carry'd the Sword before Prefident Brad* I jl^, at the King's Trial, and i ooo firefh Men. CoL Doylyy before the Arrival .of thefe Troop& luid difcover'd where the Spaniards hadJortifyu themielves, and march'd to attack them. Thirty Companies more of Spaniards were by this time fent to reinforce the former, who had rais*d feveraftlrong Works, for their Defence, at Rio Novoy in St. Ma- ry*s Precinft, havingreceiv'd Cannon, and Store§of , Ammunition, from Cuba and the Continent, Howe- ver Col. Doyfyj in a few Days, beat them out of . their Entrenchments, and demolifli'd their Fortifi* atlon. This great Lois, with others that happened much about the ^me time at Point Pedroy where a P^rty of them had again feated themfelves, and wer&driven thence, made the Spaniards defpair of ever recover- ing the Ifland •, fo they put their Wives, Children, and Treafurut the 5^ idi- ers upon Planting* Moft of the Bril EngUJh Inhabi- tants of this Ifland were military Men, and 'twas neceffary it fliould be fo, becauie lying fo near the SpmardSitytdiS expefted they wou'd have been forc'd to have fought for what they had j but they were ve- ry quiet from any Invafionfor above thirty Years. Some of them who did not care to turn their Hands to the Culture of the tarth, nor leave their Military Life, turn*d Privateers, and cruizing on the Spani- ards, got many rich Prizes, which grew to fuch a Trade afterwards, that when Spain had given up Jamaica^ and Peace was concluded between the two Nations, yet the Englljf) could not forbear Privateer- ing*, and thence rofe the Buccaneers^ fo famous Vol. II. T iH: >, ?74 in t}^rJ^ign,oilimg iShades the Second^ ktj& mma* Uri Col. D0y(v was recaUM upon the King's Reiloration, Windfor the Lord Wmdfvr fent C^vemour thither v and ft. ' Gmiemm vePAl G^ntfen(ien remov'd from the other Colonies thi- thisr^ as Sir Iho, Madifard from Sarbadftt^ where he had got a vaft Eftate ; but defirous to get more; with greater Eafe and Pieafure than he could do at home} he remoy'd to the tiew. Settlement, wli«;re he was ^ery ferviceable to the young Planters, by.his Inftro- JJ^®* ftion and Government, when the Ring advanc'd cS^Zir him to that honourable Office, which he did about %,avermur ^^^ year ifftfj. And in his Time the Settlement was encreas*d fo much, that there were between xrand 18000 Inhabitants. As, p- I Families. Inhabitants, 1 Pm-RoyalPdirlfhi 2 SvKathmm^ 3. St, Johnj 4 St. jlftdrerp^ 5 St. Davidy 6 SuThomasy , 7 Clarendon J 8 St, George^ I 9 St, Maryt 10 St. Anne J 11 Stjamesj 12 St, :^lkabethf 50» 3JOO 6s^ : ^270 «i 99^' ii»+ M52 80 960 i9 59» Mi 1+30 2000 / X72p8 After which there were feveral other Pariflies ad- ded, and the Number of Irihabitantsofthofeabov^| nam'd were very much encreas*d. This Governour fctup a Salt- Work inthcPariih of St, Kafharine% planted Coco-Groves^ and by his Example put the People upon Induftry, and jmprov^ij ments in Planting and Trade. The Ifland began to abound in Money^ which waf brought thither by the Buccaneers^ as the Pyrates ial the Spanijlf Weji Indies are call'd. Andihe Govern-r juent of Jamaica^ tho they were far from exxcoura- m eftoration, rv and ft- oloni«stkl- , where he aore^ with lo at home) pre he was r.his Inftra* \g advanc'd 9 did about Settlement re between Inhabitants. 3500 ^270 996' 1J52 960 1450 2000 172^8 r Parilhes ad* thofcabov^ in the Pariih| s^ and by his andJmprov^i /, which w^l he Pyrates ia' l^heGpvern- ron; encoura- TAe if(^i97 0/ Jamaica. anjfiich wicked Gourfe|» yet wink'datthem, la uonuderation,of the Treamros they brought thi- ther, and fqaander'd away there. The firft of thele who was famous in Jamaica^ was one BanhUmew* (irnam^d the Pcrtuffiefty yfh» irasaccompany'd byleveral£iyj/^mMr. This Man, in his laft Expedition, wi^s caft away, as he was making to Port Royai with a Prize, on the Sands OiXi'dJardmis, He was fucceeded in the Command of the Buccaneers by a i^^fr/j/n^, born AiGronm^ gfUftf in the Vnited Provinces-^ and, for having livU moft part of hif> time at Brafily call'd ^r<^ When the Tortuguefe &tovtths Dutch adtoi Bra- fl, this Fellow came to Jamaica^ where not being able to maintain' himfelf according to the Extra- • vagance of his Nature, he turn'd Pyrate. While he was a private Man he had got fuch a Reputation a- moDg nis Copnpanions that a Company of Muti- neers of 'em chofe him for their Captain. In his Hrft Voyage he took a great Ship, bound home with . Plate, and other Treafure iiom New Spain^ which he carry 'd to Jamaica ^ a nd ailbon as theie Buccaneers landed, they fled to the Stews and Gaming-Houfes, to eafe themfelves of the Load which they had fcrap'd ' together with fo much Hazard. They have givea ;oo Pieces of Eight for a Favour from a Strumpet, who would haveT)eftow'd it on another for a Bottle of Ale. They would buy Wine by the Pipe, force all that came by tp drink, and throw away as mach ts was. drunk. By fuch Prafticesontof *em fpent fooo Pieces of Ei^nt in lefsthana Month. , Brafiliano^ by-Tuchways, having reducM his Poc- ket to almoft^ a (olitary Piflol, put to Sea again, took a Ship bound from New Spain to Maracabo ^ jbat in A fecond Voyage was taken, as he landed on the jCoaft of Campepli^ carry'd before the Govemour, ind condemn'd to be hang*d, togetlter with all hiS' "ompanions : However he got off lb far, by a Wile, hat their Lives were fpar'd, and they were fcnt to • " i/», to the Galleys; from whence, by another^ lie they made their Efcape, and go: again to y^- '. I'w, where they returned to their old Trade. ' '-' 275 . T 2 LexQti 276 The Hifiory of ]iLmd\ci* < Lewis Scoty a Welfljmm^ plunder'd the Town of Campeche^ Mansfeld took the Ifland of St. Kntharines^ John Davies fick'd Nicaragua^ and return'd with 50000 Pieces of Eight to Jamaica \ and in his next Voyage took and plunder'd the Town otSt, Aujtinsy in F/0r/^<2,'tho there was a Garrifonof looMenin the Caftle : But the nioft renown'd of all the Buc' earner Sy was 'Henry Morgan^ the Son of a Welft> Yeo- man, of a good Euate \ who not liking his Father's Employment, enter*d hinifelf aboard a Veflel, bound for Barhadoesj where he was fold, and ferv'd his time in that lile. When his time of Servitude expir'd, he came to Jamalcay and enaag'd hirafelf with fome Pyrates there ^ amongft whom he had fuch Succefs, that in 3 or 4 Voyages, he got a good Stock of Mo- ney before- hand, join'd with others, bought a Ship, and went for Campeche^ where he took leveral good Prizes; After this he was chofen by Mansfeld^ an old Pyrate, to be his Ueutenant, and they fail'd from Tort^ Royal with ly Ships, man'd with 500 ftout Men, who attack'd the Ifle of St. Katharines^ made themfelves Mafters of it, and Mansfeld left one Mon^ fieur 5//«<'» Governour of it, with 100 Men. Mam* feld*s Defign was upon Panama^ but hearing the Spaniards were prepar'd to give him a warm Recep- tion, he contented himfelf with the Conqueft of St. Katharines •, which Ifland was fo fruitful, 10 pleafant, and ib conveniently fituated foi^invading or roving on the Spanijfj Coaih in America^ that he would feign Str The. have made a Settlement there \ but Sir Thomas Linch^ Linch, then Govefnour of Jamaica^ Sir Thomas Modiford's Covervour Succcftory durft not confenttoit, it being too noto-j rious a Breach of the Peace between the two Crowns of England and Spain, Mansfeld in Difcontent re- tired to Tortuga, an Ifland in the Gulph of Mexico^ about I J Leagues from the Continent, where the I Pyrates nefted themfelves, and us'd to refrefli after their Expeditions. ^ . In the mean time, Monfieur Simon, for want of Supplies, wasforc'd to furrender the Ifle of St. Ka^l tharines to the Govcrnour of Ccfta Ricca *, which h»| . had fcarce done, before a Ship arriv'd from JamaicA With Provifions, 14 Men and 2 Women, to begin aj 1 4^ 9. Plantation by their own Authority. Mansfeld dyd at The Hifiory of Jamaica. itTcrtuga^ and Capt. Morgan became Chief of the Buccaneers, In his firft Voyage, he took Puerto H^el Principe • but one of his Men having kill'd a Frenchman^ fodif- auded all his Followers of that Nation, that they teft him. Captain Morgan divided ;oooo Pieces of Ei^ht among his Companions, who haiien'd to J^- micamvAi the Purchafp, to fpend it on Women, and other Debaucheries. In the next Expedition, he took Puerto Veloy one of the jineft Cities in the Government of Panama, The TreaAire they divided here amounted to 250000 Pieces of Eight, befides Qoth. Linnen, Silk, and other Merchandize"', with which the Buccaneers faird chearfully to Pwt Reyal^ and fcatter'd it about after their ufual Rate : By this Means Money grew plenty, and Returns ea(y to Engfandj where many hundred thoufand of thoK Pieces of Eight have been imported. When he undertook his next Enterprize, he had no lefs thaa I J Ships, and poo Men with him. He landed at the Port ofOcca^ near Cape de Lobos^ but Qietno Booty. He alio made an unfuccefsful Attempt on Hifpamola ^ and being at a Lofs whether to go, one of his Followers, who had ferv'd Lotonnoisy a famous Buccaneer, whom not jpendkighis Money at Jamaica^ we have omitted fpeaking of, tho he was a mighty Man among the Pyrates, advised him to h\\ upon Maracaibo in Terra FirmOy which Lolonnois had befbre plunder'd. Morgan attack'd and took the town, facK'd both that and Gibraltar^ and ddiroy'd J Spanijb Men of War, who lay off the Harbour, to intercept his Retreat. This Boot^ alfo amounted to 2;pooo Pieces of Eight, befides rich Merchandize and Slaves, which were difpos'd of at Jamaica^ and the Money fpent in a con^ient time. Thefe SuccefTes (b encreas'dhis Fame, that when he rende^^vousM the next Year at TortueOj he had 2009 defperate Fellows, and 37 Ships at his Service. His Hr^ A|temp|was upon St. Katharines Illand, of which n^ag^n made himfelf Mailer. Hedetatch'd Capt. irqdely to take the Caftle of Chagre^ which h-.^ cilitated his Defign on p4if<};»^, andfecur'd his Re-^ treat. J^rt^^f/y haviog taken that C»ftle, aOarrifon T'j '■ of 277 gjH Tie Hipofy tf Jzixizki. of 500 Men was left in it % ind C^pt Morgm'\ with the reft, about 1 4.00 e£Fe£^ive Soldiers, advan^id towards Panamay defeated 500 Horfe, and 1000 Foot, ienttooppoie him, ailaulted the City, and tookit^ after a Difputeof 3 Hours. When he wasMaftcr of the Town, he fet it on Fire, without cohlultiag his Soldiers, or letting them know who did it, for what Reafon no body can telj. The Houies inoft of them were built with Cedar, very magnificently and richly forniOi'd. There were 7000 Houfes in the City, befides 200 Ware-houfes. Capt, Morgan ftay'd here 4. or j Months, fending out Parties to fcour the Country, and bring in Pri- ibners and Plunder. On the 24thofFf^r«ary, 1571. he left the Town, or rather its Ruins, loading 175 Beafts of Carriag^ with Silver, Gold., and other precious Spoils, and carrying away with hir5 tfoo Prifoner-s. He took and plunder'd the Town ofCruZy on the River Cha» gre^ where Capt. Morgan ohlig'd the Prifoners to ran- ibni themfelves, thrtfatning to fell them for Slaves, if they did not \ and when he had rais'd as much Mo- ney as he could, he divided it among his Followers \ but the Dividend not coming to above 200 Pieces of Eight a Man, they belicv*d he had been too hard for them •, 2iX\^i^Morgan fearing a Mutiny, takine with hioi s or 4 Ships, wherein were Men fielcoula truft, left them at theCaftle of Chagre^ which he demoti(h'd, nor durft the Pyratcs venture to fall upon him, as fome of them propos*^, to be rf Eight. After this En terprize, fj^apt. Morgan gavf* ♦:;^r the Buccaneer Trade ; He had a Proje£k xr* lortify the Idand of St. Katharines, to fettle it with Buccaneen, | niAke it a Harbour ^r Pyrates, and f;imfelf to be their Prince *, but before he could ^ring hts Projeft tp bear, a Man of War arriv*d from England with John lordg new Governour, John htxdVaughan^ and Orders Vaughan f,^,^ (|,e i^^ ^^j Council for the late Govcrnour, oovemour g.^ j^^^^ ^l j^, appear at Court, and aiifwer to fuchi fiicii Arficlesas were jirierente^ againft hfiw By t}k Spanijffi AmhdiWidor^ for niaintifriifig P«r<*es ih thijft Parts,to tH^great Lofsof the Kine of i^irTstjubj^^s; The new Qovernour 6nt to all the Goaffe of Ja* maitOy tokquaint all Sea-farihg Men, that His Miil<^ jcfty int^'^ed to obferve the Fejice between himftlf indtheCatholick King rdlgtenfly, aiid con^irtaiwh^. MsSubjeasnot to cotoniit atly Afts of Hoftitityof^ the Spiititarels I however fonre of them ventfur'q to land on the Iffe of Ctiba^ cotiimittins all ^s^'heV of Cruelty and Rapine, for Which, as fa ft as they could be taken, they were harig'd at Jamdicd ^ wher^ Sir Hf»ry Mo/gatt, for fo ^e muft now call Mm, thfe Kiirg having conftrr'd the tjonour of Knighthood on him for his Bravery, wai$riiad^t»ncoft^eCommiffibrl'crs« of the Admirdty, RdbM Ifyhdhfs and WitUaM BSe* M» Ef4i b^ink ibin*d iirCbmrrtiflion with hinii the Charafter of this Man ftrrne$ brightly &8 to hi« Valour, and certain!]^ hra taklrm 6f TattOtHdk \i aii Aftion that is hardly to fe paJralTel'd y but whether hisH^nefty was equal tojjis Courage, and the Scah- dal of Pyracy which !ieT)rought on the ^35^A ^^ ^7? fortunes, afte?vvards fays, t/e was m frtat, an f^^,^ now to oUr Ndmtt^ attd Terror td the Spania^di5> at ever Vfds born ifi it, ' '■ '■ VM|; t '-->:./."'■• 'Kotwlthftanding he haft clf^flVftdthlr^g bbt bV < ComttiifQbn from the G6vem6tir and Council df * Jamaica, and had rec^i v*d their formal and public^ * Thariks fof the Action, he* was, upon 4 Lettor ftfem * the Secfet^ty of Stite, fetit into Bnj^and t PHfdner^ ^and withoiit being chlirg'd With ftriy CHmet or ever ^ brought t6 a Hearing, ^is )itpi hiete three Y«iny[t * his own gt'ibilt Eipencify 'not only to tfie waftlng^f * fonie Thoafi^nils he ware-mentk>n*d pa(s*d (everal sood Laws* v^hich are printed atlarge, and well abridg*d in a Treatife often fpokeo of in this Hiftory 4)f the lantations. Befides the tuhfy the Gutrpfy Man of War cruised flfo to Windward, for thofe Seas were iuH of P/- Utes, who pretended to have Prtmh Commif- fiOBs; and when tney fnet with any JamdcM Men, were very civil^ fe^flfering them to pais and re^ pifsuntottch*d. The Oo^ernour, to wipe off the Sandal throwik Upon hliti formerly, of encooraging IfyrateSp wat lirow vei7 zealoas agaihid them, andTbimt a oalley with H Oars, which WM launchU with great Solem* niry the 1 2th of ^me^ and was of great u(e in fecu- ring the CoaA. The Sifccamers however contina'd their Pyr^ciei Ipn the Spaniards : They were Crews of all Nations, [Etigli/kf Dmch^ and Fremk In Sir Thmm ljnch*% Time, one Laurens and one Mkhail Tanktrs headed them ^ and the Spaniards at C»ti[w%#fM having No* .... ticc w ^$4 The fUflory if j^makz. tice th&t tbsj cnitz'cl off* tKeir 0)a(lsy the Qovernour there fent out j Men of War* one of 40, one of jj tna another of 29 Gun& to take them \ and they were alJ three taken by the Pyrates, who kill'd 400 Spaniards^ with the Lois of 14 Men, in December. Col. HeiH Inere happen'd nothing further remarkable in Sir dttMoltO- ThomM Lyticbl's Government, which heheldaboat worth (7tf. J Years, and was fucceeded by Col. Hen'der MoUf- '•'•"''• tparthj a Man of great Worth and Honour, whom King WVUam afterwards created a Baronet. CoL Molefworth was Governour when News canie hither of the Death of King Charles^ and ¥:\n%James\\*f Acceffion to the Throne. He refided at St. Jago de tap^ega^ or SpaniJhTemiy andperform'd the Procla- mation of the King with all pomble Solemnity, hin). felf appearing at the Head of the Militia, before the King s Hoafe 1 about which feveral great Guns were planted, and nr'd on this Occafion. E^rom thence he went to fort Ro^aly and be^re\he King's Houfe . there, drew up his own Regjiment, and at the Head of them made the like Proclamation •, which he af- terwards did khKing'H^am^ with as lpi)d, an4 inuch riiore unaff^t^tedjoy: ' The Oovernoai\ ana Council tranfmttted a very loyal c6ngi:afulatri7 Addrefs to King Jatftet i AnJ this muft be faid for the Gentlemen of the Plantatit ens, they h^Te been as forward on fuch OccaUons,^ as varioqs as the Humours of them have been, as the Peopleqf £f^and.y Wtht fjkwfe* Year t^sp. the Pyrates in the South- Seat wdre in verv great DiflS^^ ^ ^^ having landed there, at the Inftigation: (if the^ Midasy & jitter cleferted them, and their Return home by tihd Vtis by that' mtiHa cut off, 'ahd Ihat Company perilh'd by W3in>, or the Enemy. Aiiother, ^commanded by Monfieur Grammont^ toqk Campetlhey where t|iey found nothing bu< Indian Corn. Cranlmont toxki Sloop beldnetng to Jamaica^ ^nd forc'd the Men to (erve him '^ put the Enilijh taking the Advantage (Jl fome Difordet among the Pyrates, gottwaH^ in the Night. « ' The /VwfiliKing hearing of this Pyrate** Robbe- ries, fent ftjrtft Oracn to alThis Oovernoqr$ in Ane- The I^ory of pmiM. 285 [r>r4^ to recdl the Commiffions they had granted |tiiem, and forbid them tovcommitany morePyrA- |(iA on the Sbaniards^- or. any other Nation ^ in Uidi they had been till then encourag'd. I In the Year itfS?. a Poft-Office was crefted in llmaicOf and Mr, James Wale made Poft-Mafter-,Chrilb |ind the fame Year the King appointed his Grace ^^ •/ \CanJtophtr Duke of Albemarle Governour of this JJJJ^ ^ Illandv and he fail'd from ^iVkd^, 'mr^^Ajfiftance^^''^ Man of War, the 12th of September^ his Lady the''*^"^' IJatchefs being on Board. They arriv'd at Barhadoes in November^ at Jamais a in Jatmary following, and were receiv'd with great Pom]^. Twas faid, this Lord was fent hi- m as to afortofBanifliment, for his Zlal asainft Popery : But' that feems to be a very favourable Re- -• port, Jbr the Duke of Albemarle was no fuch Zealot in I^eiigton, to make the Court unea^ on that Ac- (oant, nor a Man of fuch Intereft in England^ that the Government ihould entertafn any Jealoutiesof Urn- , . The Truth is, he had lately got a great Sam of ^ Money by Sir WiUiam Phips's filing for Silver, and he had form'd fcyeral Projefts of fiihing for more, which he intended to put in Execution, and thought if he was at Jamaica^ he might forward it byliis Prefence. He had al(b contracted fo many Debts, that the Silver Sir WiHiam Phips brought him h(^, was not fufficient to clear them, and his Government he thought would help to difcharge them. Thefe and other Confiderations prevail'd upon him to accept it|, butbeingaManof Pleafure, and intemperate in his Drinking, 'twas expelled the Country would not agree with that Excels ^ and (o it prov'd. On Sunday^ the 1 9th of February^ 16^7, there was an Earthquake in Jamaica, It came by Shocks \ there was three of them, with a little Paufe between. It lafted. about a Minute's time in all, and was ac- (ompany*d With a fmall Noife. It was generally felt ill over the Ifland. Some Houfes were crack'd, and very near ruin'd 1 others being uncover'd of their Tiles-, very few etcap'd fome Injury, and the People were every where m a great Consternation. The Ships ^$6 M^J^JlifiyvfJmm ^ Ships . ia tKc Harboor of Port Rnyd felt if, ,aiicl oa« that was Be^ard of the liland. comin^hither frbi Europe^ met with^ as he faij, 9i, HttrricanfztA^ fame time. One riding on Horfebacli was:not fen- (ible of it. A Gentleman being at that time abroad in his Rant^tion, faw die OrbQncI rifer lilce theSea^ in a Wave^ as the £arthqua)f:e pad along, andthm| The S^msrds who inhabited this Ifland, and the neighbouring, boilttheirHQQfv7C^, Efq^ C4pul in Flanders^ to be ois Agent at Jamaica^ whe- 1 ther he carry'd the before mention 'd Proclamation.! and fent it to the Spanifl> Parts, as well on the Uorttt Sea^ as to Panama on the South £lrrfri^^ w&ch »^ui9 fail %unitities of Fii& wele taken up, to tl^mt Retief #W 0i^ 'Atlitoi t ipreftt Moontsia (pU^ tndlen into the level ^nd.cofer'd ^veral Seltienaent^and deftroy^d i^lfSlMtPedi^ Dneof the PeHbnst Whore H^me WM Mpftftr/f had hi# Piaflmtion remoi^'d half a Mi^ ftom the Place where it foritierly ftooi The Wa- ter of all Wells from one Fathom to (jx jFathom, flew out It the Top, w^ the violent Motion c^ the ■«" Another Account of this deploraMe Judgment ih, 412. gives use Iiv«|y and lamentable Idea of it The Wri-^ ter't own Words wilMie mofi fati^ftory, as we find 'em in a Letter, in the above-namM Treatife. J9f- Vo1.il 4^ -•'■^ ^ Ear^)^udk§^ and imm^aith wt ran mn of tin Hnft^ vharq we jaw off Ftofl^ with liftied up Htmds^ ^<% God*s ^ifianctr We centitm'd runmng up theSSren^ while en either fide t^uf wefaw the Mmfes^ femefwd' ^^4 tijh ethers thf earn e» Heapsy the Sand in the Street rtfwg like the Waves of the Sea^ lifting vp all Per* fm that fieedt^.itf andimmediatehdropj^ dam me fits. At the fame time a Flood ef Water brekem^ <^ rowl^d thefe poor Souls over, and over i feme catckOfg hldof Beams aim Raters of JJbtffes: Otherswerefimm in the Sand that appear'd^ when the Water wasdraitfd aaiay^ withtheif Legs and Arms out. Sixteen or eigh* teen of us who keheS this MjM Skht^ fioed en afnuA Tiece of Creunfl^ whicb% 'fhmks ie to Cod, did net fink, jijfoon as the violent Shake was over^ every Mm wm dtfreus to kmw^ if any fart of hk Famify was left diye,. i iendoavourdtogo towards ftyjioufoy t^ontm I^ui^ of the fmfts that were floating upon the Water^ but could nof* JU length i got aCanoo^ and row* d up the areat Sea^fide towards my &eufey there Jfawfeve* ralMen and Wouten floating upon the Wreck out otSeOf and as many ^them as Jcomd^ Jtookinfo the Beat, ani^ fiiU row'd ouj tiU I came where I thought n^ Houft had fioody hut could hear of netther my Wife nor Family, JNext Morning / went from one Sh^ to another^ tiHat lafiit pleased Qod I met with uiy Ivife, and tw of mi l^egroes. She told me^ when Jf/ felt the Hotfefiahe^ fheran outy and called ail the Houje to do the fame, /3bf was nofooner out^ but the Sand lifted upf and her ^e* gro Woman grasping about her^ they both drm into the Earth together, when at the very hfiant the Water camo. iriy rowVd them over and over, tiHat length they cai(gk, hild of a Beam, where they hung, tiHa Soot came from aSvdn'iihreJfely and took them up, T^e Houfcji from tlie Jews Street to the Br4^ Work vrtttiSdiU Oiak'n down, except 8 or xq whicii reihain'd, from the J^Wr^^y upwards, above th^ ^^4-i ter. . .■'{■•-'■■•v ■< ,. As foon as the violent Ea|&^ke was over, the Water-men and SaUorsaidiii||im€:k to plunder thofe H9ures ^ and in the time of ^Pktn^er, one or twa of them fell upondxeir i^e^dsi sty afecond Eajrtlk; qaaJK, where they w«re IcoU When ^ T4ir B^aiy of Jamaica; Wheat! the ficftand great Shake was o«er, the jjinifter defir'd all People to join with him in Fm- «f» and among them were feverai Jmf| wKo kneei'q^ tnd anfwer'd as they did. and ^^asobfervM, they were in this Extremity heard to call opon tefus Chrift. ; Several Ships and Sloops were over^fet, and lofl; it^ the Harbour. Among the reil a Man of War^ the Hwofi FriMt, that lay by the Wharf to careen. The Jiolent Motion of the Sea, and iinking of the Wharf, iorc*d her over thie Tops of many^Hoiiies, and paii}i^ by that where a Perfon call'd my Ij3rd Piktlvi'd^ pare qp it fell upon her, and beat in her Roond'houfe ^ ihic $d notover-fety but help*d ibme Hundreds In iaving their lives. A great and htdeoos Noift was heardl: in the Moun« S| infbmuchthatitfrighten'dmanvi^^tfr^ whQ run awayirdm their Mkfters, and beeii ieveru Months abfent. apd made them tome home. The Water that i0tt*4 from tht Salt-FmHiOi^ forc'ditt Paifage from 20 or }o Places, Ibme more forcible Atn others ^ for in ft ^r 10 Places it camb out with 10 much Viole^^y that had fo many Sluices been drawn up at once, they^ could not have run with greater Force, and moftof them ^ or 7 Yards high ffom the Foot of the Hill^ 3 or 4 of the leaft were near 10 or x 2*Yftrds nigh* The Salt Pans were quite overflow'd. The Mountains between ^anijh Town and SSjgtem Mlt Walky as the Wa^ lies along the Ri- Yer, are aimoft perpendicular about the Mid- Way. Thefe two Mountains join'd together, which ftopH the Parage of the Water, and ^tc*d it tofeek ano- dier, that was a great way in and out among the Woods and Savana's. Twas 8 or ^ Days before the People had any Rcf lief from it : The People concluding it was funk like Vm Rnaly thought of removiag to fome other part of the Country. The Mountains along the River were fo thrown |on Heaps, that all People wereforc'd togobyC7«^- lalfoa to Sixtetit AfUe Walk. The Weather wa« och hotter after the Earthquake than before, and fueh an innumerable Quantity of Muskettoesy that ^e like was never feen fmce the Ifland was inhabi- U 2 ted. ti^./ A grfcit' Path of the Mbutttains at Ttlbws (alHng drowrtj citove all the Trees before it, ixH ivholiy overthrew and bqry'cl a Plantation at the Foot of them. The Sand in Port Stfj/ai cracking arid opfcning in feveral Places^ where People ftoof they iunk into it, and the Watcf boyrd out xi the Sand, wit!^ which manyPeonle were covered. The Hbufes that flood were lo (hatter'd, that few of them were thought fit or fife to live in, and mofl of them remain'd ei^pty a Year after- wards. Thof(? Streets that were next the Water-Side, were. the heft in the Town, full of large War^ houfes, (htely Buildifngs, and commodious Wharfs^ dole to which Ships c? 700 Tuns might lye and de- liver their Lading. Here the principal Mer- chants liv'd, And now alas ! is tf/r* and 8 Fathom Water. ^ The Part that was left ftanding, was Part of the End of that Neck of Land which runs into the Sea^ and makes this Harbour \ at the Extremity of which ftands the Fort, not (hook down, but much fhatter*d by the Earthquake. 'Twas aiterwards a perfeft Ifland. * The whole Neck of Lind from the Fort to the Pallifadoes, or other End of Ptrt Rml^ towards | the Land, which is above a Qukrter of a Mile, be- ing quite difcontinu'd and loft in the Earthquake.: and is now alio, with all the Houfes which flood very thidk upon it, quite under Water. This Neck was at firft nothing but Sands, which by |he Peo- ple's driving down Timber, Wharfirtg, &e, were by little and little gain'd in time out of the Sea, which now h^satonce recover'd all again. On this r^ndy Neck of Land did the Inhabitants great heavy Brick Houfes ftand *, whofe Weight on fuch a| light Foundation contributed much tb their ,Dbwn- ftiH, for the Ground jjave way as far as the Houfcsl flood only, and no farther. The Snake was fo violent, that it threw People) down on their Knees, and (bmetiines on their Faces, as they ran along the Streets, to prtvide for thci^ Safety \ and 'twas a very difficult Matter for then to keep on their Legs, Ont wholeStfeer^t great niaiiyBoiifes of which ftood after the E^rtiicitjake, was twice as broad then as before ; and in feveral Places Che Ground vrisoUd crack, and open and (hat quick and faft. Mmov KiUey of this Ifladd, reported he (aw 3 or f09 or thefe Openings at one timev in wnie of which many People were abibrpt, fonie^^e Earth cau^t hy the Middle, and fqueez'd to Osath^ the Headt^of ethers only appear'd. abovti Ground 9 fome n^re fwaiiow'd quite dowQy and caft up again with greit Quantities of Was««, while oth^rfi went downyiawd were jiever more fe^n. Thefe were the fntaller O- peninjg;s4 the larger (wallow'd up great Houftst: iad outoffome of went idu'd whole Riversifpoutirig toa vaft Heigh| in the Air, Accompany'd, with ill Stenches and offendve Smells. The Sky, whichifce-^ fi>re was clear tndibleiify heqiiiif |n a Minutes tttne dull and reddifby^cpmpar'd ^a red hot Qyen. Prodigious Uoifes.were made by the Fall of the Mountains, add terrible Kuoibliflgs were heaifd under Ground. m. . . While Nature. WM labouring wit]i thefe Conyulr (ion;;, the Peop|# ran up and down* j)ide.and tcemb* lin£^with Hori^or, like woianyC^iaft^: thinking the DiUblution of the whole France of the Worla was MHand, .; The Shake was ftronger ia the Country than ia the Town, ^here it left more Houies (landing than in all the relt of the Ifland. People could not (land on their Lees in other Places, but fell down on theif Face^ and fpread out their Arms and Legs, to pre- yentf greater Mifchief by falling by the Earthquake, It left not a Houfe ftandinc at Fajjage Fort, bat one at Liguottia, and none at St. Jago^ except a few low Mottfes built by the wary Spaniar4f. In feveral' Places of the Country, the Earth gap'd prodigioufly. On the North Side, the Planterf Houfes, with the grcateft Part of their Plantations, were fwallow'd. Houfes^ People, Trees^ and all in one Gap, indead o( which ap^r*d a Lake of iqoo Acres oyer: af- terwards it dry*d up, and there remains not the lead Appearances of Houfe, Tree, or anything elf^ that was there befqr«* m U| ^ ^4 '^^ JHifiayy tf Jam&ica. In Oaretidm Pncind, there wci» grett Gt^lng^ aiid Spoutinss of Wattr t3 AffUeiirom the Sea* Mt« ny Marks of thefe Oaping^ remain to this Day^ In the Mountains iivere tne moft violent Shahs of all) sncb'tis a general received Opniioit- that the nearer the Mountatts the greater the Shake* The J^ Mivfitams were thergreateft Suifererf; and for two MoMs together, fo long the Shake latted, they b«V* > lowMcathideouftioodKoifes sind Ecchoings. Part of a Moantftin^ niof far from 7V//i0»VA^cr having macle (everal Lvap^y overwhelm'^ a whole Famil]^ and great Part of a Plantation, lying a Mile of ^ and a lirge high Moontain, net kt from Port Mn raht^ is quite iWaV'ow'd u^ : lit like Place where it Aood, thereV now a<\'aft like, 4 or 5 Leaguei ^ r Some w °" Y^&fti oC.it, was pleased to appoint CoL ^cfiQal'niUiahi BeeJ^m Lieutenant Governoqr, and Ck)m* G0Mr»0t(r no&nder in Chief of it, in OBober^ 1692. He alfo conferred on the new Covernour the Honour of Knighthood. Sir WilUam embarked aboard the Fakm Fri^t, and arrived in Jamaica iht 9^^ oi Marck, xtf^{. where he fet about reforming feveral Abufes crept into the Government there during the Lord biehiquten^ Ad- itiinillration. \ti November f 1691* the MordaumlAHin of War. Convoy to a Fleet of Merchant Men, homeward bound from Jamaicoj was caft away on the Rocks, near the Ifland ofCuta^ and was loft, but all the Men were (av*d. This Year the Aflembly appointed Agents to fol- licit their Affairs in England^ who were, Mr. Gil- bert Heathcotj Mr. Bartholomew Gracedieu^ and Mr. John,Tutty of London^ Merchants ^ and 450 /. was 6rder*d to be rais'd. and remitted to them, for their Iblliciting the publick Affiurs pf Jamaita, Qom» miflioners were alfo appointed in the Ifland for the Management of that Agency, whpwere^ Samtl The fSfay rf Jifflaica. «97 1 ^ Eiquirei. Samuel Bernard^ Sicholoi Lamf James Bradfitam^ WUUam Hmhitfony Thom4tClark^ I James Btmijier, | ' - Jlfydiferd Freeman^ j In the foUowiiiff Year, the Governoar, Sir William iBee/lm, had Advice that 4 French Men of War liad taken the Faleen Frigat befbre-mention'd, and arry*d her to Petit Guaves» where the Enemy were making Preparations, in order to fome Attempt up6ii thislfland: For being encourag'djby federal difaffefb- I id Perfons to invade it, they had refblv'd to pat their Deflgn in Execation, having receiv*d an additi- enal Strength, by the Arrival of 3 Men of Warfron^ iB'<«fre,carryingaboat 50 Gunseach*, of which Defign Sir mlliam Beejhn had the firft certain Advice from Captain ElUot^ who being a Priibner at Petit Cuaves^ made his Eicape .from tuencf, and arrir'd at Pert A!y after two Pays Quarts, qtus'd the Hegroes '. .■: ... ' . - ^ to «9' 2r»t mfhry • • • -ncail jr the Shore, the Enemy fir'lv*d to* a|;- mck Port Paix. where Cap. H^mot ftaid feyeril Days, to expe& the coming up of the Land-Forces^ the Englijb and Spani^ Forces marching thither by land. Before they came up, Cap. Wumot^ with a Party of Seamen, landed about 5 Miles to the Eafi- Uard of Port Paix *, where he received fome little Oppofitionbyan Ambufcade^ but quickly forc*d the Enemy to retire, and burnt and deftroy*d the Planta- tions as hr as the Fort, whither the French fled, and then the Seamen returned a Ship-boa^d. On the tsth^ Cap. Wilmot underftandins the Land Forces were come near Port 'Paix^ he landed a- gain with 400 Seamen. The four following Days I were fpent chiefly in putting the Cannon and Mor- tars afliore. * The 21 Jt the Men of War fail'd to the We/hpard ot I the Caftle, and landed fome more Guns. The 22d 'the Ertgliflf rais'd a Battery on a rifing Ground, and I play'd it the lame Evening. The next Day they be- 6 an another Battery, which they finifti'd by the 27th. loth of them very much annoy'd the Enemy, and made a great Breach in the Caftle. The )d (AJulyy at Night, Col. LiBimon and Cap. Wiimot were inform*d, that the Pretich defign'd to leave the Caftle, as they did accordingly, marching out }^» outtDtheNambisrgfjxo, bendessooanQM^i*^! ^diyp without Ar^ns. Butthe^Bu/e^and^NiMr^] pei^^g ready to receive theniw Icilfd many \ amoqi whom were moO: of their ComQiai)ding Officers look (everal Prilbnersy and then made themibln Matters of the Caftle^which 'twas thought fit to demc \^\ but they hirqught off the Artillery, Provifions and Stores. After this the EngUfi re-imbark*d, ant Cap. Wilmat direaed his Goarfe to Jamaica^ whc Be arriv'd the 21^ of 3F«[y. The Confederates thus ruin'd 2 of the Fremh Settle-! ments in HifpamolOy kill'd 350 Men, brought iwaj I fo ^rifoners, with s o Pieces of Cannon, and a gr«iL deal of Booty, witli inconfiderrble Lois on ti^^ Side. The Caftle was fituated at the Bottom of a BaT,| upon a flat rocky Hill, very i!?igh, deep towards! the Lind, and floping towardi Lhe Sea. Twas builtl in t)ie Form of a Square, with four Baftions. Th^l Wall was Cannon-^roof *, on the Top of it were 13 1 fmall Pieces of Artillery, and this Fortreis was ofl flreat Importance to the French at HtfpamU, Indeed [ Jamaica lies fo convenient for annoying the Enemies of the Crown ciEnc,imd^ in Hiftmiola and the Cmi-\ fum^ that we wonder the Eni^lti have made no more Advantage of its Situation. Tis certainly their owq Faulty it the French at leail are fufifer'd to pofTefs any thing in jimerica^ where theyEnglifi are near ten times as numerous as their Enemies. Aboat this time the AflTembly paft an A£^, appoint- ing Commiflioners to give Freedom to fuch N^rof Slaves, as could prove they had done any r^marka- : ble Service againft the French i Which Commiifio- ners were, «r Fran,Rojc, Efq-, Jamej Banifier^ Efq*, Tljo,BmMoSf Efqi John Walters^ EkiJ • Their power was general^ but thofe that follow, were only Commiilioners fur the Parifliesof King' fion^ St, Andrew's, St. Pavid\ and St. Thenuu*^ to the Windwardi, vixu ^M Lams, E% Jojisu fkoificoty El pardstmfmy Efq; James Brad/bawy Eiq) d^rd Fretman^Evi^ This Year the Iflandof Jamaica hlt% viautrdj pdman*d 2 good Sloopsof War^ andrais'd 200 Men, ^ftfdacethe rebellioos Negrpesy for which Services ^tj /. was levy*d on the Erfgi^ and 750 /. on the 9S ^ which was ailefs'd, coUe^ed, and paid b| le of their own Nation, asy ,SohmmArary, Mr. Jacob Rodrigucx, di t, Jacob d$ Letm Ltm, uMofesToiro, Mc. Mofes Jefurm Cantn ijac, MendezOuHrat. dofi, 9cc, t Jacob JFJeftri^uez.. The Receivers ojf this Money werealfo appointed fthe&meAatobe, JO? ol Charles KnightSy oL The. Qark, ^p. Lancelot Talbot, lap. Rob. Wftrdlm, WiL Hutchmfon, Efq*, Cv^Jofiah Heathcot, And Cap. Tho. Cork, The Treafurers, or Pay-Mafters, were, CoL Ckarles KnightSy and Jojiah Heathcot, Efq^ And the Commiffioners who were to receive the leys, and manage this Af&ir, were to employ lap. WtUiam Dodington, to provide Victuals, Arms, nd Amttianition, tor the Sloops. ^ Garrifons were put into Fort William and Porf (oroftt, who were under the Command of Col. Idward Stantoiu In the Year 169^, Monfieur Poimi, with a French luadron, made a Feint onjamaica, in his Way to tnhagena, but underflanding the Strength of the lace, Dore ojf to Sea. The Inhabitants, as foon as key iaw his Ships, took Arms, and kept ftri£t joards^ being in fogooda Pofture of Defence, that ' sy rather wifli'd he would attack them, than pafs em by. The French had indeed got 20Q0 Bucca^ mfrs i 3P4 ThHi/tofyrf^mzkau fuers together at Petit Guavesj with a Defign eitht to attack the l^metrAs in HtfpanioU, or the EnglUh'^ Jamaiea ^ but the Storni fell on the Stmards, \ Admiral NtviU was then in thofe Parts, in feard of Monfieur Pointi ^ and the Mwmtouth^ one of M| «i^ Squadron, took a lr«iirib Privateer, that had jol put the Governonr of Petit Gvaves afliore. Admiral iVTm/arriv-d at Jamaica the i eth of MaA 1697, and fail'd ag^in the 2frir, having ftaid ther( for a Wind. Two or three Days after he difcoyer'i P§ititPs Squadron returning from Carthntgena, m chas*d them a Day and a Night \ but the B-each ootj filling him, got away, except a rich Ship, formerli taken horn the Spaniards^ heme Vice-Admiral of di Bnrlevemo Fleets which the Princefs „<^fonr andtl HottatuUa brought tojamaica^ having on Board, K fides Plate, 8oe Barrels of Powder, and too Negnts\ I 'The Ship and Cargo were computed tobewoi 300OOO Pounds Sterling. Admiral NeviU (ail'd to the Coafts of H^m to look after the GaUeens, He landed' fome Men on the liland, made himfelf Mafter of Petit Gnaves^ pldnJ der*d and burnt it to the Ground* He alio took Fremib Privateers. The Admiral dy'd in Auptft: Commpdore Mti^ Cap. Lytcot^ Cap. Holmes, Cap. Bettwood^ Capi JDm^ Cap. Stadlejiy and Cap. Fo^er dy'd alfo in this Voy . age. They were all Commanders of Men of War, and the Seamen were (wept away by the Sicknel Which rag*d in the Fleet. The Squadron was, after the Death of Admiral Nt ' viU and Commodore A4iees, commanded by Capj Dilksy who ftop'd in his Way home at Ftrgittiaj where the Seamen recovered their Health. The Frr w/? foon repair'd their LolTes this Year b^ the Ertgliflf ^ for in the next we find they talk'd of in-l vading Jamaica. They had 1 4 Men of War at PetA Cuavesj fome of which ^ere 70 Gun Ships. ^ Sir William Beefien Cent Capi. Mofes thither in a Sloop, to fetch oHF a Man, or more, to get Infor*! mation of their Deiigns *, which he performed very well, landing with 4.or ; Men, who took one Grm- bles out of a Houfe, as he was at Dinner, and brought him away. Grm The Kftovy of Jamaica. Grumbles was a Native of Jamaica^ where he Uv*d till a few Years before, when he ran away to the French at Hifpaniola^ wnere he was the chief Man ^ that inftigated the Enemy to invade, plunder, and I deilroy the Ifland of Jamaica^ his Native Country. The French were enrag'd at the Lofs of fo ufeiul a Man ; and if he was hang'd, threatened to do the ?0$ for thv f/jvana^ but the timely notice the ^anl' ards had of their Preparations, broke all their Mea- lures. In 1699. the 'AfTembly'paft an A£b for forti^ing Port Royal : Upon which the Governour removed thi- ther from ^antjh Town, to fee that Work begun. The Scots now fettl'd at Darien^ and fortify*d Gol- den JJland^ at the Bottom of the Gulph, where the Ifthmus between that and ^e South-Seas is (b narrow, that a few Men might defend it againfl: Multitudes, and deny all Paflage that way to the Indies : But King William being in a ftrift Alliance with the King of Spain at that time, this Settlement of the Scots was an open Breach of it, and he could not fuffer his Englijb Subjects to be ailifting to the new Colony ^ without whofe Afliftance 'twas impoifible for the Scots to ef- feft their Defign. Orders were fent to the Gover- nour of Jamaica^ and other Governours in the Wefi- hdiesy not to let them be fupply'd from thence^ fo lor Want of Provifion the Scots were forc'd to a- bandon their Settlement : For which Lofs Satisfafti- on has been fince tnade them, upon the Conclufion of the late happy Union between the two Nations. In the Year if 99- Admiral Bembow arriv'd at Ja- maica with a Squadron of Men of War •, the Seamen wereinfefted with a mortal Diftemper, which car-. ry'd off great Numbers of o Men ^ which they ientto Jamaica. The Admiral and his Officers, by thei/long (lay ia this Ifland, were fo well accuftom'd to the Qimate, that they were all in a good State of Health. The Brijtol Man of War took the Gloriana, a Spanifl? Man of War, and fent her into Port Royal, She was bound for St Domingo^ to carry a new Governour from thence to Carthagena, The Admiral with 7 Men of War, cruizing off leogane and Petit Guaves^ put the French and SpOHi- »ds in a terrible Confternation. He drove a French Man of War of 40 Guns afliore \ and the Enemy bl^w her up, to prevent her falling into his Hands. He with his Boats fet fire to 2 great Merchant Ships, and took 2 more, with a Brigantine and a Sloop ^ which the Colchefier brought into Port Royal the i^h of jiugufiy 1702, After which he fail'd in fearch of DuCaffe, The Council and Aflembly of 5'^<«;«rt/cvj having tran{- mitted a very Loyal Addrefs to her Majefty in Eng- land : Twas prcfented by Sir Gilbert Heathcot^ and Sir Bartholomew Gracedieu^ two eminent Jamaica Merchants. In Oitober this Year the Queen was pleas*d to ap- point the Right Honourable the Earl of Peterborough ^ who has fince made himfelf fo tamous by his Conquefts in Spaitiy to be Governour of Jamaica^ and gave him larger Powers than the Duke of Memarle had. His Lordfliip being declar'd Captain General and Admi- ral of all her Nfijefty's Settlements in the Weji Indies^ Mr. GravdoH was order'd with a Squadron to convoy Che Lord Peterborough* and the Forces he was to take with him thither : And all People concern'd in the Plantations, were extreamly pleas'd to fee this Com- miflion in fo good Hands. Why this Lord did not £o, is a Queftion we cannot anfwer: And 'tis there- fore enough for us to obferve only, that Mr. Craydon went with the Men of War, and fome Tranfports ^ and chat the Voyage prov'd unfortunate both to him X 2 and ?07 Jo8 * The Hifiory of Jamaica. and the Kingdom. In the mean time, Admiral Bembow hearing Commodore PFfcff^wtf, with fede- ral Ships, was abroad, fail'd to join him *, but utt^ derftanding Monfieur Du Caffe was expelled at Leo- gancy he went thither in fearch of him. In his Paf- fage he tooK a French Sloop, and forc'd a French Man of War of 50 Guns to run her fclf afhoar zXLeogane^ where fhe blew up ^ he funk another of the Enemy's Ships of K^Guns, took one of 30, another of i»^ and a third of 6. He afterwards went to Tetit CuaveSy and Cape Dorma Maria •, where he receiv'd Advice that Mon» fienr Du CaJJe Was fail'd for Carthagenay and fct Sail after him the 1 oth of Augvfty towards the Coaft of St. Martha^ with the Breda^ Capt. Fog^ of 70 Guns, on board which he was himfclf ^ the Defiance^ Col, Richard Kirby Commander, of 6\ Guns \ the Wind- for, Capt. John ConftabUy of tf o Guns ^ the Creenmchy Capt. Cooper Wade^ of 54. Guns \ the Ruby^ Capt. George Walton^ of 4.8 Guns ; the Pendennity Capt. Thomas Hudfon^ of 48 Guns *, and the Falmouth^ Capt. Samuel J^incenty of 48 Guns. On the i«rth, he came in Sight of Monfieur Dk Caffcy who had with him 4 ftout Ships, from 66 to 70 Guns, one great Dutch-built Ship, of 30 or 40 Guns, and one fmall Ship, full of Soldiers, with a Sloop, and 3 other fmall Veflels. The Admiral im- mediately made a Signal fur an Engagement, and attacked the Enemy very bravely, maintaining the Fieht J Days. If the other Ships of his Squadron had feconded him, he would certainly have taken or deftroy'd all the French^ but 4 of his Ships did not airift him. The Ruby was dilablcd on the 21ft, and fent to Tort Royal, and the whole Burthen lay upon the Admiral and the Falmouth \ who however took a Prize, being an EngtiJ/j Vcliel, which the French had formerly taken. The Breda fo difabled Du Caffe's fecond Ship, that flic was tow'd away, and very much fhatter'd the reft of his Squadron. The Admiral, on the 24th, had his Leg broken by a Chain-fhot, which yet did not difcourage him from continuinc the Fight \ but not being aWc to prevail with his Captains to concur with him in his Defign, he was oblig'd to give it over, and fo Du Cafe got into TheHlflar) (?/ Jamaica. into Porto Bello, He order'd the Offenders to be taken into Hold *, and when he arriv'd at Jamaica^ granted a Commiflion to Rear- Admiral Whetfione^ who was then there, and other Officers, to try them. A Court Martial was held, 'and Arnold Brown, Efq^ Judge Advocate, officiated in his Place on this Oc- cafion. Col. Kirby and Capt. Wade were, for Cow- ardice and Breach of Orders, condeom'd to be (hot to Death, but the Execution was refpited till her Majefty's Pleafure (hould be known. Capt. Conjtable being clear'd of Cowardice, was for Breach of Or- ders caihier'd from her Majefty's Service, and con^ denin'd to Imprironment, during her Royal Plea- fure. Capt. Hudfon dy'd before his Trial. This Sentence was certainly very juft \ for durine the whole Courfe of the Wars between England and Frtmce^ never did two Englijfmen bring fuch Di (ho- nour upon their Country, as Kirby and Wade^ thro' their Cowardice and Treachery. Befides the great Profit that they hinder'd the Nation of recei- ving, by the Deitru^tion of Du Cajfe^ and his Squa- dron, which perhaps would have prevented the French in all tneir Defigns on the IVefi'Indiesy and forwarded the Redu^lion of the SpaniJ/j Dominions there ; But this fair Opportunity was loft *, and without the Gift of Prophecy we can forefee, we ihall not (bon have fuch another. The Admiral iiv'd till the 4th of November^ and then dy'd of the Wound he receiv*d in the Engage- ment with Du Cafe, Captain Whetfione took on him the Command of the Squadron of Men of War, which was then at Port Royal, The Merchants there fitted out a great number of Privateers, and ^ or zo of them attack'd a Place call'd Toulou^ on the Continent, about 10 Leagues from Ctrthagenay which they took, olunder'd and burnt. From thence they fail'd to Cjedonia^ went up the lUver J)arieny and perfwaded the Jndtatjs to be their Guides '1 who in twelve Days carry'd them to the Gold Mines at Santa Cruz, de Cma^ near Santa Maria, The vth Day of their March, they fell in with an Out-Guard of 1 o Men, which the Spaniards had coiled at fome Diftance from the Place ^ of whon) X J they J 09 jio The Hifiorj of J^LtazicsL. thiy took itine, but the other efcaping, gave No- tice at the Mines of their Approach. Upon which the richeft of the Inhabitants retir'd from thence, with their Money and Jewels. However theJEn- glifl;^ to the Number of 400 Men, beino come np, took the Fort, and poflefs'd themfelves otthc Mine^ where there reniain'd about 70 Negroes, whom they fet to work, and continu'd there 21 Days, in which time they got about 80 Pound Weight of Gold Duft. They alfo found feveral Parcels of Plate, which the Spaniards had bury'd when they left that Place. The Englijh^ at their Departure, burnt all the Town, except the Church, and re- turned to their Sloops, carrying away the Negroes with them. Some went farther up the River, having a Defign upon another Gold Mine, call'd Chttcoa \ and two of the Privateers, commanded by Captain Plowman and Captain Ganifyy fail'd towards Cuha^ landed near Trinldado *, and with 100 Men took the Town, burnt part of it, and brought ofFa very conHderable Booty. Co/. Tho. This Year Coldnel Thonuu Handafyde was ap. Handa- pointed Lieutenant Governour of Jmaiea ^ and fyde Co- Captain Whetfiom having refitted his Ships, (ail'd vtniour. with 1 2 Men of War to Took out the Enemy. Bc(t before we can give an Account of this Expedition, we mud take Notice of the dreidful Judgment which fell upon the rich and beautiful City of Port Riyat, for it then deferv'd that Name, and which fo far bury*d it, that 'tis now no where to be feen, but in a Heap of Ruins. On the pth of January^ 1 7o|. between 1 1 and 12 in the Morning, a Fire happen 'd through Care. Icfnefs in this Town, which beft)re Night confum'd it, without leaving a Hoiife (landing. The Place being (ituated on a fmali Neck of Land, furrounded by the Sea, and taken up wholly with Houlits, and the Streets and Lanes narrow, admitted not of that Help which mi^,ht have been otherwife given ^ and the People could not fave (b much of their Goods as they might have done in a more open Place t However the two Royal Forts and Maga- zineg did not receive any Damage, nor any of Uie V Ships \ The Hlftory of Jamaica. Ships at Anchor, except one Brigantine and aSIoop^ which were barnt. Mofl; of the Merchants fav'd their Money and Books of Accompt, and fome of them confiderable Q.uantiticsof Merchandize, thro' the AflUlance of Boats from the Men of War. The Governour, on this fad Occafion, funimon'd the AfTcmbly to meet at Kmgfion^ recommended to them the Cafe of the poor InhaDitants, and acquainted them, that by the Advice of the Council he had made fome Disburfements for that End^ feveral Bar- rels of Beef, Flower, and frefh Provifions having been fent to them. Upon this Information, the Al- fembly unanimoufly refolv'd. That they would rc- ipnburie the Treafury, what had been or ihouldbe expended for the Relief and Support of the diftrefs'd People, and pray'd the Governour and Council to continue their Care of them. They alfo, with the Osncarrence of the Lieutenant Governour, took lach further Refolutions. as were necefTary for the Safety 9nd Welfare of the Ifland in this Exigency. They voted. That Port Royal (hould hot be re- built *, but that the People inpuld remove to Ktng- fim^ where Streets were laid out, and foon built and inhabited. News of Vice-Admiral Sembow*s Death coming to En^land^ Vice-Admiral Gn,ydon was order'd to J^- tnaiea, to take on him the Command of the Squa* dron there. Before he arriv'd, Capt. Whttfione re* turned to that Ifland, having been outfromthe X4th of Fthruary to the pth of^^pri/ following, A. D, 1703. He cruis'd about j Weeks on both Sides of HifpanioU. in hopes of meetino with a confiderable Fleet of Merchant Ships \ which, as he had been inform'd, was expe£led in thofe Parts, under a Con- voy from France: But not being able to get any Ac- count of them, he fajl'd to Petit Gtu^es and Lcogane^ in the Gulph of Hifpaniola v and for the better pre- venting any Ships e&aping out of that Bay, he di^ vided his Squadron, and fent Capt. Vtncent^ who had fo bravely (econded Admiral Btttihow in his Battle with Du Cafjej with one half to the Southward, and himfelf fteer'd with the reft to the Northward. As he had conie£tur*d* three French Privateers, upon the Appearance of^ Cipt. yincem^ and the Ships X i with. ?*I with him, ftood away immediately to the North- ward, and fo came in the Commodore's View, who | chac'd one of 12 and another of ij. Guns aihoar, where they were burnt, and the third of xo Guns' was taken. In the mean time, dpt. ftncem mt\ his Boats row'd in the Night undiicover'd into the Ci//, where there lay 4. Ships, of which the biggejl was formerly taken from the Englijh^ and was call'd the Selwin, She had her full Cargo, and was richly laden, but all her Sails werv aflioar. Capt. Vtmrn burnt one, funk another, and tow'd out a third, which was a Confort of the Privateers \ the fourth was boarded by one of the Boats Crews, but by Accident blew up. This allarm'd the Enemy at Land, and put them into a terrible Conftemation to fee their Ships burning on both Sides of their Bay. The Squadron look'd into PortoVaixy on the North- Side, but found noShios there. Thefe 4 Privateers were all the French had at Hifpaniohy and were de> fign'd to fail with 500 Aden to the North-Side of Jamaica^ to make a Defcent, and plunder and de- llroy the Country. The Emjlijh brought away 120 Prifoners, andtheFrrw/bfuffer'd a confiderable Lo& in their Ships and Goods. On the 5th of June^ i ros« Vice-Admiral Cray- domxnv'^TXjatnaicay having on board 2000 Land Soldiers, whole Chief Commander was Ventris Co- lenbiney Efq^ Brisadier Genera^of Foot, who dy'd on Shipboard, vvhen the Ships were in Sight of the I (land. Indeed there had been a great Mortality in the Fleet, and the Difaereement between the two Climates of Englmd and the Wefi- Indies is fuch, that 'tis very diicouraging to fend Soldiers thither \ where they have no Enemy to fear fo much, as the very Air they breathe. Tnis cannot be faid of fea- fond Men •, but no Pretences to the contrary will prevail againft a Truth confirm'd by fo many fad Experiences. Kirby and Wadcy the two cowardly Captains above-mention'd, being this Year fent home Prifo- ners, under Sentence of Death, found a Warrant lodg'd for their Execution, affoon as they came to Plimouthy and they were accordingly (hot a Ship- hoird : A jufl jfxample to all thole Traitors, who I take The Hiftory oj Jamaica. ji j lice Commiifions only to fill their Pockets, and ied their Debaucheries, and have no ConH- IJeration for the Service of their Queen and )oantry. On Shrove-Tuefday^ as the People were at Church ^t JCrngfiotty they lelt a Shake of an Earthquake, ivhich vras fmall, and did no Damage. The Men of War here, in 14 Days time, A, D, I1704. took 3 French Privateers, 120 Prifoncrs, and [etook a Sloop oiJanuUca 1 fo that thefe Seas were iltnoft entirely dear'd of the Enemies Rovers. TTiis land was then very healthy \ and the Merchants Itnded enough with the Spaniards^ to fill it with Mo- hey. Tis to be wiih'd they may have Encoutage- Inent in that Trade, and the beft Encouragement is ■tofecureit. I On the 7th of May^ Capt. Whet/tme (now Rear- lAdmiral) arriv'd at Jamaica^ with 6 Men of War luicl 12 Merchant Ships from England, He took a Ifirigahtine and a Sloop in his Pa^ee. His A^en were Ihealthy, and fo continued. " • I On the dth of June he iail'd to cruize, and took off ICirtilr„ Kerr^ her Majefty's Ships the Brifial sind Folkfim me] with xo Sail of Merchant Men boand from Vetk Guaves to France^ under Convoy of two Frml Men of War, one of 24, and another of 30 Gons- out of which Capt. j4»derfoftj Commodore of the B/gli/hy took 6 French Merchant-Men, laden wit Sugar, Cocao, Cocheneal, and Indigo, and brougK«, them to Jamaica *, where, when he arriv'd. Admirall Whetfiene held a Court of Admiralty, and Captain Andtrjon and the otfaer Officers were condemn'd tc lofe toeir CommilQons,' for not engaging the twc French Men of War. The Merchants of Jamaica bavins been extremelyl abtts*d: by Capt. A>rr, and through his NegligencJ or Avarice, loft iev«ral Sloops bound thither froiu| the Span^ ]VeJi'InMej with Plate, they refolv'd tJi apply to the Parliament, for Redrefs^ accordingly chey employed Mr. Thnrnu Wood to be their Agent in England on this Oc<:aOon^ and he has with great InJ duury and Prudence prcdecuted the Matter, fo that Juilice has been done the Merchants on the Offen- ders, and the chief of them has had his Commifiion E have Ifland ; jit'tis X40 reft-, itfol oantry *, oi Bft Survey 7* broa< Wle of 1 ms narro Dints. It pesy of w There's a »o Parts, r taken from him, without Hopes of ever beine em-l»r« fmitfu ploy'd in her AJajefty's SierviS more, ^ |Sts. it aboufi CHAP. Thi J-Bfiory of Jamaica. i's C H A P. IL mning an Account of the PrecinSfs^ T(mnSj FortSy Climate^ Soilj ProduSf^ Commodities^ Jmrnals^ Di/eafesy &c. at Jamaica. E have already fpoken of the Sitaation of this Illand ^ to which we think fit to add here. It 'tis X40 Leagues from Carthagena to the South- eft ', X fo Leagues from Rio de la Hache in the fame ontry \ of an Oval Figure, and according to the ^ft Surveys, is 170 Miles louff where 'tis longeily 76 broad, where 'tis broadeff, which is about the die of the Ifland. Towards the two Ends it ivf s narrower by Degrees, till it terminates in two ints. It is faid to contain about 5 Millions of iCres, of which one half are planted. There's a Ridge of Hills, which divides it into jtvo Parts, running from Sea to Sea, and out of thent %m Abundance of Rivers, that render the Soil very fruitful, and are a great Help to the Inhabi- ttnts. It abounds in excellent Bays on the Southern Goflfts*, as PorfRnaly Pwt Mmrant^ Old Harbour^ hint Negrilj Port St. Francis^ MkhaeVi Hole, A£c' (ory Bay, Allegator Pond, Point Pedro^ Parattee Bay. iMna Bay, Bltv^eld's Bay, Cabarita*s Bay, and many mor^ all very commodious for Shipping. The Ide is now divided into 16 Pariflies, which lie thus, proceeding from Point Morant^ round the Ifland. the firft is the Parifli of St. David's, In which is a little Town caird Frte Town 'j and a Salt Work in TaUah Bay. Port Mormt is in this Precinft, a fafe land commo- dious Bay, where Ships ride fecure from the Wea- ther, and the Country about it is well plant- ed. This Precinft (ends two Members to the AlTem- bly *, and \$ fortify'd by a fniali Fort, where in War Time i ^ xi5 The Hlftory of Jamaica. time 1 2 Men are kept in Pay. Wood and frefli Watd are plenty in this Parifti. And next to it is the Parifh of Port Royal •, in which ftands the Remair, of one of the mbft beautiful and wealthy Towns i| jimerica *, which gave its Name to the Parifli. f] Town of Port Royal was formerly called Cofft^^ '^ \i when 'twas in being, ftood on that long Neck of Uu^ vrhich ran above i o Miles into the Sea, but is fo vl ry narrow, that 'tis not a Bow-fhot over in foml Places. I On the very Point of this Neck the EngUJh chofe tJ build their Capital City, for it deferv'd the Name il Years ago. Tliere were fo many Houfes upon thj Neck then, that it look*d like pne City. The reafoiid their building here, was for the Convenience of th] Harbour^ for the Shore is fo bold, and the Sea if deep^ that Ships of the greateft Burthen laid thei Broad-fides to the Merchants Wharfs, and loaded aiu unloaded with very little Trouble or Charge. Thij Point of Laild makes the Harbour, which is as fafe i any in America for Shipping, having the Main Lol. on the North and Eajt^ the Town on the South \ fd 'tis open only to the Sowf/i'JfVy?. A Thoufand Sail of Ships may ride here, and be feJ cure from all Winds that blow. The Entrance into |t is fortify'd by Fort Charles^ the ftrongeft Fort the Englijh American Dominions, with a Line .„ Battery of tfp Pieces of Cannorl, a Garrifon of Soldi-I ers maintained by the Crown in conftant Pay. The! Harbour is about 3 Leagues broad, and fo deep, that! ~ 'tis able to receive the largeft Fleet of the greateft Ships in the World. The gVeat River on which St Jago^ or Spanijh Tm\ ftands, runs ihjo the.Sea in this Bay. Here the*Ships generally take in their Wood and hrefti Water. The Convenience of Anchorage, and Depth of Water, by which means a Ship of 1000 Tuns may put Plank afliore here, made this the chief Port and Town ofthe f (land for drawint» Merchants hither. They were foon follow'd by Shop-keepers, Vintners and other Trades, infomuch that when tne dreadful Q- lamity of the Earthquake happen'd, there were 2009 handfom Houfes in the City •, the Rents of which were as dear as thofe in hmdoa. It rais'il a whole Re. ' - ^imen: The H^Jlpry of Jamaica^ jient of Militia *, and yet, txcepting the Conveni- gce of the Harbour, the Situation of it is neither nor commodious, there being no Wood, nor .. Water, Stone, nor Grafs on the Neck. The ^ is a hot dry Sand, and the Refort of Merchants) iriners and others, for TraiHck thither, rendered [always like a Fair, which made every thing ex- tamly dear there. There was a very large Church, ith a Minifter,who had an Allowance of 2 5 o /. a Year, lAft of the Aflembly, to which this Parifh fends 5 letnbers. This Town, as has been faid, wasi3eftroy*d by an thquake in the Year 15^2. and ten Years .after| lit was rebuilt, by a Fire. Upon which the A(- nblv voted that it mould not be built again ^ but at the Inhabitants <^ould remove to Kittgfiorty in St. frnp's Parifl], which was made a Town and Pa- of.it felf. They alfo prohibited any Market for future at Port Foyal, But the Convenience that ivited the People to buil(^. there at firft, will, 'tis 'able, in time, tempt them to rebuild, and make forget the terrible Judgments which ieem to irbid any future dwelling on a Place that Heaven ms to De(lru£^ion. Next to it is, St. ^^rew'sParifli ; in which flood the Town of f^ottj on the Harbour of Port Royal \ but now t Place is made a Parifh of it felf. This Precinft ids two Reprefentatives to the Affembly, and allows le Minifter 100/. a Year. Parifli of Kmgflon^ to which by an Aft of the Af- ibly in the Year x 691. the Quarter Seflions for the cace, and Court of Common Pleas were remov'd. c Secretary, Receiver General, and Naval Officer,, vere oblig'd to keep their Offices there ^ and it had lie Privilege of fending 3 Reprefentatives to the Af- tmbly. It is much encreas*d fmce Port Royal was wrnt, and is now a large Town of 7 or 800 Houfes. Itlies on the Harbour of Port Royal \ the PariAi i bounded by it to the SouthWefi^ and North by the ands of the late Sir William Beeflon^ and continued romaCalabaflion the North-Eaj^Qom^x by a flrait Line to the Foot of the long Mountain, and from (hence till it meets with the Bounds of the Pariih of ?ort Rcyal, St, m ^i8 The Htficry of Jamaica. St. Kathttim's Parifli ^ in which is the little Tow of Pt^age Fortj fituated at the Mouth of the Rivj that runs ap to St. Jago^ fix Miles from that Tow and as many from Port Royal, There are about 2c Hou(e$ in the Town -, which was built chiefly for tl Entertainment of Paflengers from Port Royal to ^ Jago, There's a Fort mounted with x o or 1 2 Gun) for the Security of that River. Twas cali'd PajfaA from the Paflage-Boats coming always thither to laJ luch as went from one Town to t'other. This Pr] cin£t fends 3 Reprefentatives to the AiTembly, an allows the Minifter 1 00 /. a Year. There's a River j this Parifl], call'd Black River '^ over which is Bridge. Six Miles up in the Country is the Paril of, St. yohn*Sy one of the moft pleafant, fruitful, beft inhabited Spots of Ground in Jamaica ^ as on may imagine by the Names of 3 Plantations, cond guous to one another^ Spring Vde^ Golden f^ale^ ao Spring Garden, It lends two Reprefentatives to th Affembly, and allows the Minifter 100/. a Year I but is moft famous for being in the Neighbourho of, Spam/Hf Towny or St. Jago •, the Capital of the Iflai when the Spaniards were Mafters, as 'tis alio at pre fent Before the EngliPf burnt it, when they con quer'd it, it contain'd above 2000 Houfes, had 11 Churches and Chappels^ but after they had ezerds'j their Fury upon it, there were lefr only theRemaii of 2 Churches, and about jr or tfoo Houfes, fomei which were very pleaiant and habitable. 'Twas founded by Chrifiopher Columbus^ who catl'd it, St. Jagode la Vega^ as we have hinted Before ^ ana he reciprocally receiv'dthe Title of Dukedelaytj^ from this City. There's a Savana^ or Plain, which faces the Town Where Thoufands of Sheep, Goats, Calves, and Horl (es graz'd , when the Spaniards own'd it. The Backf fide of the Town is wafh'd by a fair hut un-navigabtf River, which falls into the Sea at Paffage Fort, 'T\ a fine large Stream, and runs by the Sides of tli Town, ferving all the People for Drinking, and c ther Ufes. The Spaniards olWA it Rio Cobrey or tii Copper Rivery from its running over that Miners Tha The Hfftory of Jamaica. 319 This Town, or rather City, U 1 2 Miles from Port Rey- if, and the BngUfb like it io well, that they have made t the Capital ofthe Ifland. The Governoar and his DCceiTors at iirft chofe it for the Place of their Refi- | deringon this Precin£^is, StThomas in the f^ale^ which is pretty well plan* . ted, and fends 2 Reprefentatives to the Affembly. I Next to this is, St. George*s Parijh\ which fends 2 Members to the] Afllcmbly: As does, which 1! Channei lies at jlandy b mily of Jamaica Ther< as well ai NOVOy J Parts bei there's r Icings w tcr'd ini which til had been The E orPariflji Tax of 4 J Agents in Portj^ St. Ani St. Kati St, Dm rere, Clarend St. Etix. St, Thof St,Dav StThoi St, John St. Geor St, Mat St, Ann St Jam Kingfioti The So St. 7*«»4/, in the W'tfTfib-f^ part of the Ifland. OnlJi^^f? ?n the Northern Coaft is Port Prancis^ by fomecaira|J*°"'a « PortAntonio\ ooeofthebeftPortsin Jtfwdiw. Tii|r^"J'^?;*nf c(ofe, and well cover'd •, and has but one Fault, rJ5,^oj| « - ' ' I •-! ■ (iiextrei whip Vol. II, The Htfiorj of Jamaica.' which is, the Entrance into it is not very ea(y ^ the , Channel being ftreighten*d by a little Ifland that Ues at the A^Mith of the Port. Tis caU'd Lynch I- jland^ but belong*d to the Earl oiCarliJle^ of the Fa- mily of the Howards^ who was once Governour of Jamaica. There are feveral good Harbours on the iNTorrJEimt as well as on the Southern Shore ^ as Cold Harbour^ Rio Novo J Montega Ba^^ Orange Bt^i But the South Parts being .beft peopled, is mo(l frequented : And there's nothing more in any of thefe Northern Pre- [cinAs worth the Reader's uurioHty, unlets ween- ter'd into the Natural Hiftory of the Country \ which the learned Dr. ^^^^ has publifli'd, after he had been feveral Years about it The Difference in the Riches of thefe Counties, or Parifhes, will be feen by their Valuation, in a late Tax of 450 /. laid upon the whole Country, f«r their liient% in England, i" • • • • • • • • • fm Xeyaly St. Andrews^ St. Katherinesy St,J)orethyy . ; . • Krrr, • Clarendon^ .... St, Eliz/dfethy ... St. Thomas in the N. E. . St. Davidsy .... St. Thomas m the f^ale^ St. john^ . • • • ** St.Georgey St. Marysy • . • . St JvmeSy «... Stjamesy Kingfion^ • • /. 4* 59 5tf 25 47 4a 5« 27 16 21 «J S II 7 2 19 s, to 17 IS 3 I I 10 IX 9 8 ly s to s 3 X 8 8 9 o o o i 6 7 -9 o The Soil of Jamaica is good and fruitful every where, efpecially in the Northern Parts, where the Mould is blacktfli, and in many Places mix'd with Potters-Earth ^ in others, as towards the South Eafiy the Soil is reddilh and Tandy. Take it altogether, 'tis extremely fertile, and very well anfwcrsthe In- Vol.Il. Y duftry }22 • Tke Kftory of Jamafek. duftry of the Planter. The Plants an^ Trees Mre ti: ways blooming, and always grccn| ofonelortora- nother \ and every Month there refembles our April itid May. ThercV Abundance of Savanas^ or Lands of /»- Man Corn. Thefe Savanas are found up and down, even among the Mountains, particularly NorthvMrd ^nd Southward'^ where there are great Numbers of wild Beads, tho not ib many as when the Englifi came ifirft there. The Adiatis us'd to fow Maze in thofe Savafias^ and the Spaniards bred their Cattle which they brought from Spain ^ as Horfes, Cows, Hoes, and Ailes, which multiply'd to fuch a degree, that not many Years ago Herds of wild Cattle were found in the Woods, as alio wild Horles. The Ettgliflj kill*d vaft Quantities of Oxen and Cows when tfiey were Matters of thcMland •, yctS there were an incredible Number ftili left in the^ WtKxls,^ whether the 5^«vMr^i drove them from the ^ Conquerors. The Savanas are now the mod barren Parts of the Tfl^nd, which proceeds from their fiot being at all cultivated: Howevei: there grows fuch Plenty of Grafs, that the Inhabitants have been fbrc'd to burn it» As Jamaica is the mod Northerly of all the Oiarih bee IJlands^ the Climate is more temperate, and there's no Country between the Tr^piVli where the Heat is more moderate, and lefs troublefome. The Air is always cool'd by the Eajiern Breezes, frequent Rains, and Nightly Dews^ which before the terrible Revolution in the Courle of Nature by the Earth- quake made the Place very healthy, and all things look fmiling and pleafant there in aliSeafons. The Eafiern and Wejtern Parts of the Ifl^ndare more fubjeft to rainy and windy Weather, than the Northern and Southern *, and the thick Foreds there render 'em not fo agreeable as to the Southrvard and Northward^ which is a more open Country, and lefs fubjeft to Wind and Rain. The Air in the mountain- ous Parts is cooler, and frody Morning*; have been often known upon the Hills, Be- it. «ft in the*^ n from the r >artsof the teing at all 1 Plenty of c'd to burn the Charib- ^rate, and s where the bme. The Is, frequent the terrible r the Earth- id all things ins. e Iflandare nr, than the orefts there ithward and ry, and left ic mountain- js have been Before the dreadful Hurricane, which overwhelm'd (b many Hundreds of its Inhabitants, in 1692. this Uland was not troubled with Tempefts, like the o* ther Sugar I/lands\ neither were their Ships driven afhore in their Harbours, nor their Houfes blown down over their Heads, as at Barbadoes and the Leward J/lands ^ but they can now no more boaft of that Advantage over their Neighbours.. The Weather us'd to be more various and uncer- tain than in the Charibhe I/lands. The Months of May and November^tt wet Months *, and Winter is known from Summer only by Rain and Thunder, which are then more violent than at other times of the Year. The Eajterfy Breezes begin to blow about p a Clock in^he Mornmg, and grow (Ironger as the Sun riles ^ by which means People may travel or work in the Field all Hours of the Day. The Nights and Days are almoft of an equal Length ^ the Year long, and there's hardly any Difference be perceiv'd. The Tides feldom rife above a Foot high. Storms are very rare, and few or no Ships were ever caft away on thefe Coafts. But there being a curious Account of the Weather, Soil, Water, Diet, and other Things relating to jamai- ca, communicated to the Royal Society by Dr. Stubbsy who made thefe Obfervations, I (hall, for the Satisfi^^ion of the Reader, give him an Abftrad^ of it. The Wind at Nightblows off the Ifland of Jamai' Loweh. . ta every way at once, fothat no Ship can any where p.,7i^' , come in bv Night 1 nor go out, but early in ^^^yl;: l^ Morning, oefbre the Sea-breeze comes on. Asthe ^'^j-P* Sun declines the Clouds gather and fljape accor- ^^ * *' ** ding to the Mountains *, fo that old Seamen will tell you each Ifland towards the Evening, by the Shape . pf the Cloud over it. As there are certain Trees that attra£l the Rains, fo as the Woods are deftroy'd, the Rains are alfo de- ftroy'd, or at leafl abated. At Port Morant, the Ea- ftermojh Part of the Ifland, there's little of Land Brife, becaufe the Mountain is remote from thence, and the Brife coming thence, fpends its Force along 4he Land thither. Re. y 2 la J 24 The Hifiory of Jamaica.' In the Harbour of Jamaica there grow msny Rocks, ihap'd like Bucks and Stass Horns. There grow atfo feveral Sea-PU^its, whole Roots are (lonv. At the Point in Jamaica^ where Tort Royal ^ood^ ftarce fall 40 Showers a Year. From the ?oim to- wards Port Mormty and (b along to Liguanee^ t Miles from Port Royaly there's fcarce an Afternoon for 8 or p Months together^ beginning from jipril^ in which it rains noL At Spaniflt Town it rains but three Months in a Year, and then not much. At the Pointy where-ever one dies y op tf Foot, Water will appear, which ebbs and Hows as the Tide \ not fait, but brackiih, unwholfome for Men, but wholfome for Hojgs. Paflengers, when they firft come to Jamaica^ fweat continually in great Drops for three Quarters of a Year, and then it ceafes \ yet they arc not more dry than in England^ neither does all thatfweating make them faintifli. If any one is dry, his Thirft is beft quench*d by a little Brandy. Moft Animals drink little or nothing there. The hottefl time of the Day is about Eight in the Morning, when there isno^r/Tf. In Afagotti Savanaj in the midft ofthelfland, be- tween St. Marys and Stjohn^s PrecinEisy when ever it fains, the Rain, as it fettles on the Seams of any Garment, turns in half an Hour to Maggots, yet that Plain is healthy to dwell in : Tho Water is found every where 5 or tf Foot deep at the Pointy yet there rifes no Steam into the Air from the Sands *, fur Men often lie all Night, and fleep on them, without re- • ceiving any Hurt. The Sea Brife comes not into Jamaica till 8 or ^ in the Morning, and/commonly ceafes about 4 or 5 in the Evening. But fometimes the Sea Brife blows in the Winter Months 14 Days and Nights together ^ and then no Clouds gather, but Dews fall. But if a North- Wind blows, which Ibmetimes in the Winter Months lads as long, then no Dews fall, nor Clouds » gathtjr. The Clouds begin to gather at 2 or 3 of the Clock in the Afternooon, at the Mountains^ the reft of theSkie being clear till Sun-fet. As for the Produ^l of the Ifland, 'tis much the fame with BarMo$j, We ihall take notice in what The Htjtojy of J^LtasicsL. j2j it differs, as we proceed in our Diicourfe on thi$ Subjeft. The Sugar of Jamaica is brighter and of a finer Grain than the common Barbadoes Mufcoyado, and fells in England for ; or ^ Shillings in the Hundred more, being fit for Growers, whereas the Barbadoes unpurg'd Sugars muil generally pafs thro' the ReB- ners Hands firfjb. So long ago as the Year 1 670, there were 70 Mills in Jamaica^ which made about 3000000 Pound of! Sugar *, but that Quantity is encreas'd to ten timjss as much fince. At Jamaica^ the Sugar cures fafter in 10 Days, lb. p. $54. than in 6 Months at Barbadces ^ an^ this happens on thofe Places, where it rains for many Mpnths toge- ther. Rains are fudden here, and make no previous Alterations in the Air before they fall, nor do they leave it moifi afterwards. There is more Cocao comes from thence jthan from all our Colonies. But 'tis now no longer a Com- modity to be regarded in our Plantations, tho at firfl it was the principal Invitation to the peopling Ja^ maica. For thole Walks the Spaniards left Mhind them there, when we conquer'd it, produced fuch prodigious Profit with little Trouble, that Sir Thpmas sir Dalby Modifordy and feveral others, fet up their Befts to Thomas'# grow wealthy by it, and fell to planting much of it, ififl, A€c, which the ^anijh Slaves, who remain'd in the Ifland, of tht xipt always foretold would never thrive, and fo it hap- ^^f JJT^* pen'di for tho it promis'd fiiir, and throve finely ;/»*«We« J or 6 Years, yet ftill at that Age, when fo long,{"^2 ' Hopes and Care had been wafted about it, it wi- '*"'"• ther'd and dy'd away, by Ibme unaccounuble Caufe, tho they impute it to a black Worm or Grub, which they find clinging to its Root. The Manner of planting it is in Order like our Cherry Gardens. They place a Plantain by every Tree '^ and when *ti$ grow n up, it refembles a Cherry Tree. It delights in Shade, and for that Reafoa has the Plantain fet by it. The Cocao Walks are kept clear frpm Grafs by Hoing and Weeding. The Trees begip to bear at 3, 4, or ; Years old *, and did they not alp^oft always die before, would come to Perfcftion at 1 j Years Growth, and lafl till ^oj which renders them the moft profitable Tr^es in the ^ ^ • * ^ • Y 3 World, 5^6 4?r Lowth. Vol. 2. p. 662. World, one Arte of them having clear'd above 200 /. in a Year : But the old Trees planted by the 'Spariiardsy beinc gone by Age, and few new thriving, as the 5p/hen 'twill drip no longer, 'tis put into Wooden^Boxes, 3 Foot long, 14 Inches wide, and t and a half deep. Thefe Boxes muft be plac'd in the Sun, till it grows too hot, and then taken in till the extreme Heat is over. This muft be done continue allv till/tis fufficiently dry*d. In land that proves proper for Indigou the Labour of one Hand in a Years time, will produce between 80 and Id* Weight, which may annount from 12 to 15 /. to the Planter, if no Accident happen \ for In- digo, as well as other Commodities in thofe Parts, is mbje^ to many. ' The moft common are Blafting and Worms, by which 'tis frequently deftroy'd. titmenf Lowth. Vol, 2. S39 , T*?;^f/^^,^J**aic?- Piemeftto js apother natural ^rodu(kionp{ Jaffui- CM •, from whence 'tis caird Jamaka'Pemrt alludinfl to its Figure, and the chief place pf its Gfowth! The Trees th^t bear it are geaerally veH, iail and fprcading. .^.^ * Its Trqnk is as thick as oiie's Thigh, aiiiDif.5/fln extra6r] dinary finooth Skin, crf"a ^rey Colour \ 'tis brgnsh« out on ev^fy Hand, having ^he End of its Tvyigsl fet with, Leaves of feveral Sizes, the latgefj beirigl 4 or 5 Inches long, and 2 or 3 broad in theMiddleJ where it is broadeft, and whence it decreafes tol both Extfeams, ending in a Point (mooth, thin J fhining, without any |nci)jares, of a deep greenl Colour, and ftanditig ort mhlqng Foot-fidks\ when] briijs*d, very odoriferous, ^hld in all things like thd Leaves of a B^y Tree, ■ The Ends of t^e iTwigsl are branch'd into Bunches of Ftowers, each FpotJ ftalk /uftaining a Flowet bending back i. withml wliich Bend are many Staimna^* of a pale^ ^eenl Colour. Tq thefe follptv;^ a Huach of^ Crpwn'dl Berries, the Crown beihg^ ftiade up of 4 fmalll Leaves, which are bigger wl^en ripe than Juniperl Berries ii atfirllr, when.fautl, greenifh', tut whcnl they are Tipe, black, frnpoth and ihining,containing,| in a moift green Aromatiick jP;Ulp9 two lai'ge See^l feparated by a Membrane, cicn of which is a He-I nfifpher0, and both ioin*d make a Spherical Seed I It^ows on all the Hilly PSirt of the I(land of > maka^ bit xHlefly in the J^qriji Side ^ ind where- ever ' theC;. Tre^s grow, t^ey are^aenerally left ftandifigj^ when other T^rfcs ?re felly; iindttey are fottie;);imes planted yj}itvt they neyer, grew, beaiife tif the great Profit from the Quff'd Fruit! expotjied, yearly in gr^V Qds^ntities .into £»■ How this Platitii:\g cin bereconcird tpWjif^tSir DatUfy Tho/Aas jwrites of the cuttir^ jdowA thefe Tj-n A. Trees, let' the Knight and the Do^or adjujK between "^^' ^'' them. ■ ■ ' " ' lomes. •>.VV«'-' TbeFBJltny <>f Jamaica. jji Trees that are l/eft grov^ generally in Moun* and Wotds, which are not taken up for Plan- but remain in the Queen's Hands 9 and the In- mts go with their Slaves into the Woods^ e 'tis plenty, and cutting down the Trees, pick Jfirom th? Branches. Thus no Pietnento comes into £fir«!^f twice from (Tree *, and it happening to mifs for two or three ifs together, what it produces at ptefent, muft [tounted an accidental Benefit to the Planters, er than any thing to be rely*d on as a National intage, or conftant Encouragement. The fame ; be (aid of Ugmm f^ta, Guiaeum^ of Redwood^ feveral other forts of Trees, which come from Dce*, for the more comes, thelefs remains : And time rcquir'd for the growing of thefe hard ^oods, in the room of luch as are cut down, is, in (tat^ Reafon, (b many Hundreds of Years, that the >ring to plant them, would be rather Madnels Forefigjnt llhe Jamaica Pepper^ee, according to Dr. j/o^iw, y>wth. Wers in June^ July and Jiugufi •, but fooner or la J[^' ^* P» k according to their Situation, and different Sea-^°^* for Rains^ 3Uid after it flowers, the Fruition ms t But 'tis to be obierv^d^ that in dear'd open sunds 'tis fooner ripe than in thick Woods, erc's no great Difficulty in the curing 6r prefer- g this Fruit for Ufe. 'Tis for the moft part done the Negroes.' They cHmb the Trees, and pull the Twigs with the unripe green Froit, ancfaf- mtds carefuHy feparate the Fruit from the Twigs [ Lieaves ; which don e, they expofe them to the Sun, mthe rifing to the fetting, for many Days, fprea- ng them thin on Cloath% turning th^m now and n, and carefully avoiding :he I^ws, which are re very great. By this means they become a lit- wrinkled, and from a green change to a brown obur, when they are fit tot the Market, being of liferent Sizes, but commonly of the Bigneis of Back-Pepper, lomething like, in Smell and Tafte, to loves, Juniper-Berries, Cinnamon and Pepper ^ : rather having a peculiar mixt Smell, fomewhat a- iin to all of uiem •, from whence 'tis caJi'd, M- me. T|je V JJi The Hifiory of ]zrtmtsL. ' The more fraerant and fmaller they are, theri accounted the oetter. Tis deferiediy reckJ (adds the Do£^or) the befi and mofi temperate ^il and innecent of common ^icesy and fit to come into gr\ or Vfe^ and to gain more Ground than it has^ of\ Bail -India Commodities of this Kind \ almqfi allofnk it far furpaffesy by promoting the Digefiion of Meaty tenuating tough jtiumottrs^ moderately heating u firengtiming the Stomachy expelling Wlnd^ and dtt( thofe friendly Offices to the Bcvfels^ which we expe^^ Spices, The Wild Gnamon Tree^ commonly, thofalfej caird Cbrtax Winterat^us^ grows in thislfland. Trunk is about the Bignefs of that of the Pietf, Tr^f, and riles 20 or }o Foot high, havingma Branches and Twigs hanging downwards, makir very comely Top. The Bark confifts of two Pa one outward, and another inward. The out\^a Bark is as thin as a mill'd Shilling, of a whitUh, or grey Colour, with fome white Spots hereju there upon it, and feveral (hallow Furrpwsof a dar er G>lour, running varioufly through it, makingl rough, of an Aromatick Tafte. The inward Barkl much thicker than Ginampn, being as thick asl milW Grown Piece, fmobth, of a whiter Colo^ jthan the outward, of a^niich more bitiQg an4 i matick Tafte, (bmething Ujce that of Qoves, not glutinous like Cinamon, but dry, and crunl ling tietween the Teeth. The Leaves come oT near the Ends of the Twigs, without any Ord^ (landing on Inch-loffg Foot^ftalksj each of Uiem Inches in Length, and one in Breadth near the I .5vhere broadeft, and roundifli, being narrow ^t\ Beginning^ from whence it augments in Br^adtljj near its Eivilf of ayellbwifh green Colour, fhini and fmooth.' withbut any InciTures about its Eds and ibmewhat refemblmg the Leaves of ^^* 1 Ends of the Twigs are oranch'd into Bunches Flowers^ (landing fomething like Vmhels^ each which his diEoot'fialk ', on the Top of which is a C lix, made up of fome little Leaves, in which (land] (carletor putp\e Potala^ within which is a large ^ iisy to tht(e follow (b mi^ny.<^c4ate,d Berries, theBignefsof alargePea,roundi(h, green, andco -'. ^ ^ ^ tainiJ^ The ISftwy <)/ Jamaica! jjj ^ within a mucilaginous, pale, green^ thin 7our black fliining Seeds, of an irregular Fi- ll the Parts of this Tree, when frelh, arc very aromatick^ and biting to the Tafte, iomething (Cloves ', which is fo troublefome, as fometimes ed the Remedy of fair Water. It grows in the M Woods, very frequently on each fide of the 1, between Paffage Fort and the Town cl" St Jai9 l/d f^ega. The Bark of the Tree is what is chiefly ^ lUfe. both in the EnglUh Plantations between the mks in the Wejt Indies^ and in Europe and is iout any Difficulty cur'd, by only cutdng off Bark, and letting it dry in the Shade. The more - \ snary fort of People ufe it in the Weft Indits m- d ofall other Spices, being thought very good to Dfonie the immoderate Humidity Sf the Stomachy to \ mgejtion^ and expel Wwdj &c. Rum loofes its kthfome Smell if mix'd with this Bark. [The true Corf f AT Winteranus^ fpr which the Dru^;- fell this wild Cinamon, was brought by Oipt. imefj who accompany'd Sir Francis Dr^e in h?s ige round the World from the Streights of Ma- [The fofam'd Tree caird, a CMage Tree^ is (fa^js |r. Stubbs) nothing elfe than a Palm-Tree ^ and all i^. foi, j^ At, is eaten in the Cabbage, is what fpronted out ^. ^^4. '"Year, and foils tender. If eaten .raw, 'tis as I as any new Almonds *, and if boil'd, excels the Cabbage *, when that Top is cut o^ the Tree The Timber will never rot^ ?.ri»i when 'tis fdj grows fo hard, that one cannot cirive a Nail htoit. . [There's a Tree in Jamaica callil, the Sa/lard fiar^ whofe Wood is fo rvorous ( tho none ould gueis fo upon View) that being turn'd into Dps, Wine and BraUtly willfoak through at the Dttom in a ihort time. . ! There's a Tree caird Whitewoodt of which if Ships built, they will never breed any Worm. The . Tfff grows at the Spanijh Towrty with Berries as jasMuScet'Bullets^ which of thenifelves, without |iy mixt Ingredient whatfoever, waihes better than • VI Caftle-Soap ; but they rot the Linnen in time. The |j4 The fSJlory of J^mzicsi. The Jtiicc of Gtffavi is rank Poifon, all Hogsj Poultry that drink it (Well and die prefcntly. Tft Root be roafted, 'tis no Poifon, but only occafic Torfions in the Belly. The *Palma yields a prodigious Quantity of and it might eafily be made a fiaple Commodi] Tis the only Remedy of Indians and Negroes for i Head-Ach. The Manchinel Tree is a Wood of an excclle Grain, equalling the Jamaica Wood^ butlarcc, 4 Foot Diameter. The Spaniards turn it into Bee and the £f;g/f/& ufualiy floor their Rooms with it| Jamaica, The Manchinel Apple is one of the beautif ^ Fruits in the World to the Eye, one of the acn ableft to the Smell, and of the oleafanteft to the Ta, (being thence by many call'd the Eye Apple) but eaten, certain Death. The Wood of it, yetgree if rub'd againft the Hand, will fetch oiFuie Skin, i taife Blifters *, and if any Drops of Rain falling fto this Tree, light upon one's Hand, or other nakj part of the B^y, it will alfchave the fame Effeft.] There's Plenty of Cotton and Ginger in Jam-"^ and 'tis finer than that of the Charibbee Jflands. Tobacco that was planted there^ was better u that at Barbadoetj but there's io little, it defer not the Name of a Commodity. Very good tann'd Leather is made there. Tanners have 3 Barks to tan with, Adan^^ Olive Bark, and another. They tan better thani England'^ and in 6 Weeks the Leather is ready 1 work into Shoes. There's Abundance of D Woods, as Fuftick, Redwood, Logwood, and tbers, with feveral forts of Sweet- Wcwds. *Tis not doubted but that there are Copper Min in the Ifland, and the Spaniards (ay, the Bells of tN great Church of St. Jago were made of Jamaica Me tal. Tis fuppcs'd there may be Silver-Mines in ij as well as at Cuba^ and on the Conment : And there! a Place in the Mountains of Fort Royaly or Cagvaa where, 'tis reported, the Spaniards dug Silver ; bi the EngUflj have not been fo happy as to find ii The 5i[>^/Wj alio found AmbergreoTe on the Cod\ but the Engli/^J have not often had that good Fc tund iy Hifiofy of JatasLtcz* ' ^55 Itaiie : Tit (bmef Years ago an ignorant FelloW f otind Mo PbfaAd df Ambergreafe dkih'd on the ^ore, at a IfUfee in thofe Parts caird Jmbergreaft Peim^ where Ufi ^amdrds came dfually once a Year to took for [it. Thfe vaft Quantity was divided into two Partj^ Happos'd by rolling and tombling in the Sea. Somelh. Vol, z; Eiy 'tis produc'd from a Creature, as Honey orP'492- |silk '^ and Mr. Tredmt^i ^ who view\l this Peice, Itnrites, he ftw in fundry Places of this Body, the Bcakj WingsL and Part of the Body of the Creature^ whicn he preferVd for fome time. He was alfo told h^a Man, that he had (ben the Creature alive, and belie?' d they (warm'd as Bees on the Sea-fliore^ or in mc Sea. Others fay, 'tis the Excrement of the Ibid, i Iwhale *, and others, that it ilTues out of the Root of liTree. i^bundance of Salt might be made in Jamaica^ for Ithey have three great Ponds ^ however they make only enough hr their own U(b. 1 00000 Bufhels were made thirty Years ago in a Year \ and Capt. \^9ye^ who was the Und^taker. faid he could maxe 500000 Quarters, if he could fell it. Salt-Peter is found here •, and their Long-Pepper is in great Efteem [m the Wefi Indies. The Ifland abounds in Drugs and medicinal Hbrbs \ las GuiacurHj Chma^ Salfepareiia, Caffia^ iTamarins^ IVemlheSj m^tijfotts of Mtjfeltoe-^ as alfo in Sjftutary Gumms and Roots. But for thefe things we mufi; refer the Curious to Dr. Sloan's Natural Hiftory. The Plant of which Ocheneal is made grows in Jamaica *, and yet the Inhabitants for want of know- ing how to cure it, make no Advantage of it •, befides the Eafi Wind blaUs it, fo that it never comes to Maturity. 'Twill not be improper to give an Account of this I excellent Dye, Cochineal, 'lis generally believ'd, I that it comes out of a Fruit call'd, the Prickl'd Pear^ bearing a Leaf of a (limy Nature, and a Fruit Blcx^d: red, and full of Seeds, Which give a Dye almoft like to Brafiletto Woody that will periih in a few Days by the Fire. But the Inleft engender'd of this Fruit or Leaves, gives a permanent Tincture, as every one koows. ^ An 3 j6 Tie Htftory of Jamaica; lb- Tol. sJ An old Spaniard in Jamateoy who tiv'djtnany T( ^ 784. in that part of the Wefi Indies^ where great Quanti.| ties of Cochineal SsmziSit^ affirm'd, that this \mt€t\ the very fiime which we call the Lady Birdy or C% Lady, It appears, he fays, atfirft rikeaimallBli- (ler, or little Knob, on the Leaves of the Shrub oii| ' which they breed ^ which afterwards, by the Heatl of the San, becomes a Lhe Infe^^ or SmaUGnh, Theie Grubs^ in proceis of time, erow to Flie& and beine come to full Maturity, which moil be£)UQd out by Experience in collefting them at feveral Sea- ions, are kiird, by making a great Smpther of romel comou^ible Matter, to Windward of the Shrubs onl which the Infe£ls are feeding ("having before fpread fome Cloaths under the Plants) by which all the In* fe£ts being fmother'd and kUl'd, by Ihaking the Plants, will tumble down upon the Cloaths, and thus are gather 'd in great Quantities, with little Trouble -, then they are wip^ off the fame Qoaths in fome bare fandy Place, or Stone^Pavemenc, and exposed to the Heat of the Sun] till they are dry, and their Bodies (hrivel'd op \ which being rub'd eently between one-*s Hands, will crumble into Grains^ and the Wings (eparate from them, which muft be garbled out. Others, 'tis faid, ex- pole them to the Sun in broad and ihallow Copper- Bafons *, in which the Refled^ion of the Sun dfriei them (boner* / The PrickCd Pear^ or Indian Bgj is eafilv propa- gated, byputting a (inele Leaf above half it s Depth into the Ground, which (eldom fails to take Root. Others fay, they may be rais'd from the Seed, which it fomething like a Fig, arifing out of certain Flow* ers that grow out of the Tops of the uppermoft Leaves ^ which Fruit is full of ^ ^ red Pulp, tnat when ripe, itains the Hands of thbfe that wa(h it like Mul- berries, with a purple Colour: On which, or the ^ Bloflbms. the In(e£ls feed ^ and perhaps that cacres the rich TinAure they bear within their Bowels. There are few Colonies in jlmericaytho have fuch Store of Cattle as there is at Jamaica, Horfes arc fo cheap, that a f^ood one is fold for 8 or 16 /. The Oxen and Cows are large ^ and till the Engiifif amt, who Fat that's abouttheir Guts IS yellow, tho that of their Bodies be green. The I Head being cot oflf, dies inilantly ', and if the Heart is taken out, the Motion continues not long *, but a- ny Qaintityof the Fle(h will move, ifprick'd, and alio of it felf, miny Hoars after 'tii cut into Qaar- Vol. U. Z ters-, pf^ 3 J 8 The Hificry of Jamaica. ters \ and the very Joints of the Bones of the Shoul- ders and Legs have their Motions, even thoyou Prick only the Fat ef 'em. But if you place tnefe arts of the Tortoife in the Sun, they prefently die ^ as the Legs do, in a mauner, as (bon as they are cutoff. Ibid. p. The Blood of Tortoifes ffays Dr. Stubbsj in the 549» 5 5 ©• fame Colleftion) is Holder than any Water J ever felt in Jamaica *, yet is the Beating of their Heart as v^9- rousas that of any Animal \ and their Arteries are at firm as Mn Creatures J know. Their Lungs lie in their Belly. Their Spleen is Triangular^ ofafirmFleJh^ and floridly red. Their Liver is of a dark green; They have a fort of Teeth^ with winch they chaw the Crafs they eat in the jubmarine Meadows, All the Tortoifes from the Ch^vihbcesto the Bay of Menko^ repair in Summer to the Cayman Jflands^ on this Coaft^ to lay their Eggs^ and to hatch there. They coot jot foitrteen Days together^ then /ains take them out, having great Care to take cot the Bag entirely, that none ot the 6it>dci« which are like Nits, may be left behind, for Fear of giving Rife to a new Generation. We muft take Notice that the Swallows in Jamaiea^ as hot as 'tis, depart in the Wihter Months, and the Wild Ducks and Teal come thither then. l The Manchifteltetf in Shape like a (ktmjijhy which is To common in the Ciaribbee Jjlands* is alfo frequent- 1 ly met with in Jamaica ^ as are Adders and Guyaitas^ but neither of them venomous. TTic moft terrible Creature is the AHgator^ which commonly lies atout their Rivers and Ponds. They live upon Flefli, after which they hunt greedily, but feldom get any Man's Flefli, becaufe 'tiseafy to avoid them ^ for they cannot itir but in a freight line, which they dofwiftly and forcibly, whereas they turn with Difficulty, and very floWly. Some of | 'em are lo or x 5, and feme 20 Foot long \ their Backs are all over fcaly and impenetrable, and 'tis hard to wound them any where, except in the Eye or the Belly \ they have four Feet, or Fins, with which they either walk or fwim. Tis obferv'd, that like Fi(n they never Make any Noife. Their way of I Hunting is thus : They lie on a River's Bank, and wait for Beafts that come to drink there, which they feize as foon as they are within their Reach, and devour *, they deceive 'em the more eafily, becaufe they relemble a long Piece of old dry Wood, or fomething that's deadT The Mifchief thefe Animals do, is recompenc'd by the Advantage of their Fat, I of which an excellent Ointment is i^ade, good for any Pains or Aches in the Bones or Joints. They have Baesof Musk, ftron&er and more odorous ^han that of the Eafk Indies 'j the Smell is fo great and fo fcarching, that 'tis eafy by it to difcover where they lie, and avoid them before a Man fees them^ even the Cattle, by a natural InllinA, fmell them, and run away from 'em. They breed like Toads, by JEggs, which they lay in the Sand on the Rivers Banks J their Eggs are no larger than a Turkey's ^ they co- ver them, and the Sun-Beams hatch them: the Shell | is Jh fli/lory of Jamaica. j^i is ^sfirni) an^ Ulc« in Shape to a Turkey's, but not Ipotted. Aflbon as their Young come out of the Shell, they take impiediately to the Water. Th^f^ AUigatori arefhap'd like Lizzards, being four-foot^ ^ th^Y walk with their Belly at a Diftance from the Ground, like them. Thofe of full Growth have Teeth like a MailifF, as has been before hinted. They may be mafter'd and kill'd by any one dexterous and skiird in the w^y of doing it \ which is thus : A Man muil be arm*d with a gocxl long Trunchion, and attack them Side- ways *, for if he does it Front-ways they will be too nimble for him, and by leaping up- on him. (which they can do the Length of their whole Body) fpoil him \ but if he lays his Club on them againft their Shoulder, and behind their Fore-Feet, they are eafily lara*d there, and fub- dtfdr Some Places in this Ifland are troubled with Gnats and Stinging Flies : there's no avoiding fuch Incon- veniences in the Wifi'Mies. There are feveral oth^r Particularities relating to Jamaica^ which are worth obierving, and could not (b well be couch'd under any particular Article. , Several forts of Bfsansgrow inthislfl&nd, as the Citfopns \ the Hwfe-Eye Bean, fo call'd from its Re- lembiance to the Eye of that Beaft, by Means of a Welt almoft furrounding it *, the Afltdow'd Nickar^ fo term'd front its being perfectly round, and very like a ^ickar, fuch ^ Boys ufe to play withal. Icon and ot^^ Metals ruft lead inr Jamaica in n\fii Weather, as Dr. Stukbsy in the Trad: fo ofteii ci|;eid by us, obfe^ves. 'tis a Miftake that anv Tobacco grows wild, in Jamwa at lea|t. The Nitrous Tobacco, which grows upon Salt Petr^ Ground there, will not come to fo good a Colour, nor keep fo long as other To- bacco ', jnfomuch that the Merchants often lofe all the^' Tobacco, jin the Voyage for EngUnd or Ireland^ by its rotting fill away. In fome Ground that is Lowth. full of Salt Petre, the Tobacco that it bears flalhes as vol. 2. pi it fmoakfi. The Potatoes in the fame Salt Petre 550, 55^, Ground are ripe 2 Months fboner than in any other Ground', but ifthey.be not fpent immediately, they rqt, ^ Siilt Petre Dreting the outward Skin of the Zi Root, I j4* The Mftaiyof J^maioL. . Root, which is thinner in that fort of Groand^ than in other Places. The fame Do£^or fays eUfwhere, / cuM never hear of any Hurricane abaiit Jamaica V hat the dread- fal Eardiquakes that brought the Inhabitants fo near an univerfal Ruin, are worfe than the Tempefts, vrhich are (o frequent in the Chmbbee J/lands, We muft not omitremembring that there are hot Springs, and other Mineral Waters, in this Ifland, as we find by Information given the Royal Socie^ Lowth. by Sir William Beejton, The Hot Springy moft talk'd VoU 2. of, was difcover'd many Years ago ^ but the Diftance f. 344. and Trouble of getting to it, krpt People JFirom try- ing it, tiW Marthj iSfif. when two Perlons, the one very much macerated with the Belly-Ake, and ano- ther with the French Oifeafe, went to it, carry'd Cloaths, built a Hut, to keep them from the Rain and Sun, and both prefently by Drinking and Bath- ing, found fuck Eafe, that in about 10 Ciys they re- turned perfe£^ly cur'd. It comes out of a Rock in a frefli Current, near to a fine Rivulet of good cool Water ^ but is (b hot, that all affirm it ioon boyls Eggs, fome fay Crawfifli, Chickens, and thofe that do not value their Credit much, add, even a Tur- key : However, *tis certain, that near where it comes furth, there is no enduring any Part of the Body, but it takes ofi* the Skin. It cifres Ulcers, and con- tracted Nerves and Sinews, in a few Days, to a Mi- racle. Col. Beckfirdy who was eiven over by the PhyficianiL for very acute Pains in his Bowels, went to it, macle ufe of it, and recovered. Another for the Belly- Ach ^ and a third for the Venereal Dif- eafe, made the fame happy Experiment ^ which got the Waters fuch a Reputation, that many afterwards reforted to 'em. It was try'd with Galls before Sir William Beefiony and they made theWater in 24 Hpurs JP. 345. look only like Canary or Old Hock, He lays, Otit ef Curiofity we try'd the Water of our River at Spanifh Tovm with Gattsy and in one Night it turned to a deep Creevy more inclining to Black, Mr. Robert Tredway wrote from Jamaica : We have lately difcover*d two hot Springs^ one to Windward^ which feems fulphurotu *, the other to Leward is very falty buty^ as I am told^ does not partake of Brim/tone ; and The Hificrj (f Jamaica. md both are n/try muck magfiif^d for the Difeafes of thefiParts^ the dry Belly A(h, fains of the Nerves^ ^dTans, > \ Anons other Rarities of this Country, is one vfi- ry remariubie^ and that is the Plant eaU'd Spirit- Weed V which yvhen its Seed is ripe, the Veffcl con- tainiiiig it, touch'd by any ^Hing whatever, if 'tis wet, inftantly opens it fclf, and jvith a fmart Noife^ throws its Seed (everal ways, to a confiderable Di- ftanee. Thus we have given the Reader an Account of the mod curious Part of the Natural Hiftory of this Ifland \ to enter into the Reafons, is a Diilertation without our Bounds *, and Dr. Sloan has in his Tra^ faid enough to give entire Satisfaction to alL whofe Curiofity (£iU carry them into fuch nice Dif- ^uflions. 14? C H A P. Ill, Of the InfjAiitdnts And Trdde of Jamaica, and the Advantages England djes and may receive from it. ^ 7Amaica^ like Sarbadoes^ Has three Ibrts of Inha- bitants, Maftersi Servants and Slaves ^ towhoni nuy be added a Iburth, which, tho they are uncer- tain, yet by their Refort thither, are a good Strength to the Ifland, Privateers and Watermen always coafting about it, carrying Goods from one Place to another, or cruizing for Prices. The Privateers were at one time the bell Flower in the Garden of the Jamaica Trade ^ they brought fome Millions of Pieces of Eight there, and made the Place fo rich, that it out-ftript all the Colonies i|^ Wealth in a ve- ry few Years \ even Barhadoes could only vie with \t for Elderfliip, and having been longer planted. The Mailers of Families in Jamaica^ Planters and Merchants, livewitl^ as ifiu<:h Pomp and Pleaf^re, as Z 4 any j^4 ThtWfxiri ff Jaimicsu any Gentlemen in the Worlds tiiey keep tiieir Coaches and fix Horfes, have their Train of Ser- vants in Liveries, running before and behind dletel^^ and for Magnificence and Luxury they have always * got the ftart of the other Cokmics : Whether it had not been better for l^em to have encourag'd Indttftry and Frugality, we ibali not take upon us to deter- mine*, their natural Advantages above all the other Iflands does not make it ib neceffary (or them to be induftrious \ and the Riches that v«;ere brought them by their Trade with the Spamfl) Wift HuUes^ pat Vm in a Capacity of anfwering their fixpences : And both together invited fo many People to fettte there, thiit So Years ago there were (foooo£»^]^ Souls, and looooo Blacks upon the Ifland. The War, Earths quake and Diieafes lince havixfiaVe done what they could to hinder that Trade, infomudi that the Wood-Cotters have bedi forcM to have Guards, and fight for their Prizei The Trade from Jamaica with the Spaniards con- fifted chiefly in Negroes, Stummerce between Ja* Utuca and the Sfomfit Wift-hdies^ which the Engt^ leaonot too moch encourage. ^ The other Branches of the Jamma Trade is the lltme with that of Bmhadaes\ and we mift reifer the Reader to our Hiftory of that Ifland on this lArticle. : J Indigo and Piementoare the Commodities of this ICoantry, and Cocao Nuts are but a new Expori^ nent xtBarhadots^ or elfe the Commodities of that Place and Jatnaica are all one, and we muft entet lopon needlefs Repetitions, if we pretended to give any particular Account of thera^ In the genml^ this Trade his die Advantage of that of BeSvadoesi Ifor it brings us in Bulfiony which is fa much wanted u Home, efpecially (ince th^ £ital Exportation of Silver bythe Bi^ India Men^ who are too much indulged in that pernicious Pradice. Indeed 'twould be well for England^ if our Weft India Trade was more encourag'd, and our Etifk Mia leg ^ the dr- iller enriches mePid^tck, thi( lajtt^ only a few pri- vate Men, who lacriHce the'National to their par« ricalar Interefl:^ atid of all our PikntHionsJamaica on feveral Accounts deferves the Confiderationof the \EiJgli/b. Tis plac'd in the Center of the^<«ff# Ac- quidtions in Jimerita\ no Veflel ci^n go to or come from the Continent^r thelflandsheloaging to them, but they muft neceifarily come in Sight cfjamaka^ or fall into the Hands of our Cruizers, if we had e- nough $4^ps there,^ with brave and faixhful Com- manders, to wait f(>r them ^ and it. or 15 lig^t Friz- gats would be fufTicient, which the Benefit it wouTd bring to us by Prizes, or the Inconveniences it v^uld put our Enemies to, would more than aniwer. Every Plate Fleet that comes from Carthagena puts iiito Ht^mubldf ^om whence ^y cannot uil to the \ Havana in Cifit^ wUh "Francis Rofe^ Efq*, fr^ Richard Thof^on^ Elq*, p Charles I^flfg, Efq; ^* Edmund EMyn^ Efq-, John Ayfcwghi Efq*, John Stewart^ Efq*,' Deputy Secretary of the Ifland, and Clerk of thel • ■COUNCIL, Edward Righy^ Efq*, Speaker of the Affembly, Peter Beckford^ Efq*, Jun,| (Chief Juftice, Col. Peter Heywood, Attornef General, Edward Hashns^ Efqj Judge Advocate, Gapt. Gale^^ t- ' The fHfiory of Jamaica. loerk of the Court, WU, Needham^ £(q-, laeceiver Gcnoral by Deputation, Char, Chaplain. Efq; JHaval Officer, Bmiaify Jmkms^ Elq^ IColonelof the A^litia-Horfe^ theGo?cniour. Brka-' ■ di€tHMda£nU. Peter Beckford^ peter Heywood^ WiiUamRffe^ , FrM, JjevftSy Edifk Edhn^ Tho, Clarkt Cor, Mumby^ Regifter in Chancery, Mr. Baldnm, Provoft hiwM Edward fUghy^ Efq) 147 \ [Colonels of Foot' ^r "If JHE ^ Ami hi V O'H''^^ "'^'^ "I'M" ■ r ■ ■ ' : TrH E , HISTORY! O F T H E Ifle of Providence. CONTAINING, An Account of its Difcovery, Settlement, Climate, Soil, and all Events relating to it| to the prefent Tinies. THIS Iflmcl is chief of thofe calPd the Ba- hama I/lands \ and, notwithftanding that Chara^er, is fo inconfiderable in its felf, that it had been well if it had never been difcover'd \ for all the Advantage the Inhabitants can pretend it is to England^ or the other Colonies, is, that it lies convenient for Wrecks \ by vrhich they mean, to fave fuch as are driven a-inore there *, and for Ships forc'd thither by Strcfs of Weather: And it bding (bnie Hundreds of Miles out of any Ships regular Courfe, to or from any of our Colonies, and England^ 'tis certain we had never loft any thing by it, had it never been heard of. 'i he Ifland call'd Providence^ was difcover'd by Capt. William Style \ who was afterwards Governouf oXdrolina, Hi was driven thither by a Storm, as he W4I on a Voy.ij^e to the Continent : From hira it hid the Nim : of Sayle'% likndt . f , . . . jhis as theMfioTj of PrdVldcrice. , this Adventurer returning to Mndfnd aboiit *]at hux i667i gave his Employers. theProprietariesof lOtrotinOf an Account of his DiiCQvery *, and thev Iprocur'd a Grant for this and all the Bahama Ijlmds |to themfelvcs, their Heirs, &c. The Extent of Idieir Grant reaches from 22 to 17 Deg. N* L. AU Ithe Proprietaries of Carolina were not concerned in lihe Grant of Providence *, but all the Proprietaries of Urovtdence were interefted in that of Carolina, They I were fix in Number, and continue fo to this Day* IThelr Names and Titles were, , \George Duke of Albe- John Lord Berkley . mrle, Anthony Lord AjhUy* \WilUam Lord Graven, And, I Sir George Cartaret, Sir Peter Colliton, ' Whofe Heirs and Affignes enjoy it at this time. 1 Providence IHand lies in the Center of 4 or 500 Iflands, fome of them 1 60 Miles 'm Length *, others no bigger xYaxi Knolls^ or little Rocks, rifmg above Water*, fo that one may imagine, itmuft bevery dangerous for Ships to be forc'd among them in Tempefts. The moft confiderable P^ ^fit made by the Inhabi* tints oiProvidsnce^ was by the Misfortune of poor Adventurers^ • either fuch as were fhipwrack'd, or fuch as in a Winter- Voyage for the Continent of Americaj were driv'n to the Bahayia I/lands^ and put into Providence for Provifions^ which, after they had lain a long while beating off the Iflands, they us'd to be in great Diftrefs for want of. *Tis true, this iHand had little or none^ but what came from Carolina •, however, the Traders here kept Store- Houfes, to fupply thofe that wanted, and they were a great Relief to the unfortunate Mariners, of whom we are fpeaking. As for Wrecks, the People of Providence^ Harbour^ J/land, and Eleuthera^ dealt in them as *tis faid the £ood Men of Suffex do : All that came aibore was Prize ^ and if a Sailor had, by b*?tter Luck than the left, got afhore as well as his Wreck, he was not fure of getting off again as well. This perhaps is Scan- iw J 50 TlfelSfiory ofBrovidencc^ Scandal 1 but *tis moft notorious, that the Inhabij tants loord upon every thing they could get out of 3 Caft-away Ship as their own, and were not at ani Trouble to enquire after the Owners. The Ifle of Prdvidenet lies in ay Dcg. N. L. is 281 Miles long, and 11 Miles broad where 'tis broadeftJ It had the Name of Providence given it by Captl SmUj after he had been a fecond time driv'n upon itl when he was bound for the Qmtinem, '' The firft GoverAour that was fent thither by the i—Chil- Proprietaries, was Ghiiiittgworthy Efq*, Tht, lingworth time of his going there we cannot be certain in ^ 'tis mi^*- probable *twas about the Year 1^72, Several Peo- verneur, ' jg ^^^^ f^^^ England, and the other Colonies, to, fettle there ^ and living a lewd licentious fort of Life, they were impatient under Government; Mr. Chillingworth cou'd not bring them to Reafon : Thejjr aflembl'd tumultuoufly, feiz'dhim. fhipthim off for JamaicOf and liv*d ev'ry Man as he thought beil for his Pleafure and Intereft. The Proprietaries found they had an unruly Colo- ny to deal with, and 'twai a very fmall Encourage- ment for any one to put himfelf into their Hands, after the Treatment Mr. Chillingawrth met with from them : However, tf or 7 Years after he was fent a- •— Clark, way, the Lords Proprietaries made - — -^Qarky Efq', Co- Efq*, Govemour, whofe Fate was worfc Aill than 1/emm. his Predeceflbr's •, for the Sboniards^ 30 Years ago, being jealous of every new Colony of the Englijh to- wards the South, came upon them in the Ifle of Providence, deftroy*d all tneir Stock, which they gatives, anc could notj'or would not carry off, 'and took the I p^^^'^.*^^' Govemour away with them in Chains, havine burnt I / P^ „ "^» the few Cottages that were upor the Pla^ .. The In- ■ ''^* "* habitants deferted it after this, and reniovd to other Colonies. Mr. Trot, one of Govemour Clark's Succeffors, inform'd the Writer of this Relation, that the Spani- ards roafted Mr. Clark on a Spit, after they had kili'd him ', but perhaps that is faid to encreafc the Tcr rour of the Story., and might do better in a Poem than a Hiftory. Tis certain they kill'd him. and that after this Invafion thellland was uninhabited till about the Time of the Kevclution, when fcveral Perfong The m ft cry of Providence. 351 remov'd thither from Europe zxid tht Ceminent :, Si" Aong whom was Mr. 7hofnas Bulkley^ who has printed a large Account of his Sufferings there, du- ring the Arbitrary Government of one C^ip^Wrr Cad walla* Jones^ whom the Lord Proprietaries made Gover* dcr Jones flour upon this fecond Settlement of /*rw«<«are, 'm^wtnm the Vear 1 690, He arriv'd there the ii>th of June^ ind was receiv'd by all the Inhabitants with the Re- IfeeA due to his Quality: But, ^ysBulkUyy hefoon difcover'd the Weaknefs of his Judgment^ the Wicked' A^'i » tefs of his Inti^nation, and his D^affeSiionto his Afa-^^^^tp*^* jtjfy^s Perfon and Government : For the Proprietaries d Carolina have not been unhappy in the Choice of their Governours in that Province only. My Au- thor writes of this Jones^ That all his vile Pra^tces were patiently bom by the People^ till they became fo p, lo. & numerous and heinous^ as to he intolerable. feq. The Inhabitants groaning undei* the Oppreiiion of this Governour, liv'd in an abominable Slavery *, and that the Reader may form an Idea of the Tyranny of Governours in Proprietary-Governments, wefnall report fome of the moft material Crimes this Perfon was guilty of*, and 'tis Pity his Hiftory is not an Ex- ample of Terror, to alJ ludi as under his Charafter commit the fame Outrages againft Reafon, Jufticc, and Vertue. He endeavour'd toereft and maintain in himielf an abfolute, unlimited Power, to govern according to his Will and Pleafure. He afliim'd Royal Prero- gatives, and arrogantly us'd the Royal Stile. He confer'd Honours, and inverted the Perfons fo digni- fy'd by him, with the Privileges of the Peers o^ Eng- land, He pardon 'd Capital Offenders, ieiz'd the pnblick Treafure, wailed and converted it to his own life. He ncglefted the Defence of the Ijfland, im- bezel'd the Stores of Powder, converted the Lords Proprietaries Royaltiti to his own life, invited Py- rates to come to the Port. He rtfus'd to take the Oaths to King William and Qiieen Mary at his En- trance into his Office, when one of the Lords Pro- prietaries Deputies tender 'd them to him. In a Speech he made to the People, he dcdar'd, Efe rvoud have a free Trade^ and nothing to do with the Kings Aamn'd Officers. He intercepted Letters without C^Lile, 1 52 The Hfiovy of Pro\rideilce. Caufe, pat the Queftjon ? He was devoted to Perfecuticn *, and the fame arm'd Rabble gping to his Houfe, feiz'd him, Ihut him up in 2 clofe dark Copfinement, threatened him with the Torture, and forc*d him to deliver all the Books ha- ving ^y relation to his Office of JDeputy -Secretary. The Leaders of this Rabble were. D/ttiiel Jaeljon, Tho. Wake. Vjo. Witter, Martin Cock, Rob, Bolton, Lanceliot Loppfon, WtUumSimh, Char. Wainwright, Sam, Cover ley, Sam, Dunfcomb, Rich, Carpenters JofiasjipOroen. BlackdenDocden, And, Naf^aniel Shepherdfon •, who was a Rebel to King WiUiamy having ferv'd his Enemies againft his Sub- ie^^s, and ihar'd in the Booty the French took from the tnglijh \ of which he wasaccus'd by 2 Witneffes, yet Joti's r ermitted him to refide in Frowdewe^ to take a Man's Wif<* there, and live m open Adultery with her, if Mr. Bulkley may be credited. He was | one of this Governuur's Confidents, and a maih In- Hrument of his Tyranny^ as Yidi^'idXio Bartholomett\ Merdery a Frenchman \ by whom Bvlkley and his Wife were inhumanly us*d« infomuch that the latter dying ihortW after, dedar d folemnly on her Death- BcdyDcfore (everal Witnefres,and Hgn'd a Declaration to the iame purpofe, Xhat Cadwauader Jonesy 'John j i^ruvesy A^of tin Cock-, Bartholomew Mercier., Jhonmt The Kfiory of Providence. CtarAer, BohtrrBohm^ and others, w«re theOccanon dr her Death. Joht Graves arriving kora England fome Months after Mr. BulHey had procur'd his Enlargement^ upon delivering up his Books, accus'd him<^ High Trea* fon. for nis Proceedings in the Accdfation^ and Bulhley was put in Irons aboard the Govemonr's Son's Ship, which was lately come from Barhadofs^ tho a peftilential Diftemper was aboard. This was not the worft of their Defiensagainft UuBulkley-j they confpir'd to e^t him by Force a- board a Pyrate's Ship, and the Pyrate promis'd to make him away, by leaving him on (ome defolate Ifland, or other wife ^ which he having notice of, hid in the Woods till the Pyrate faU'd. Martin Cock i\(o hid a EJeOgn to have him aflaffi- nated, which bemg difcover'd in time, was preven- ted; Jones then fent to Harbour Ifimd^ and Eleutbera^ to fee if he could pack a Jury, to do Bulkley% BuHnefs \ which he could not do, the latter being look'd upon to be a fort of Con^iTor in his Country's Caufe. Bulkley was kept Prifoner till the Arrival of Nicho- Us Trott^ Efq^ with a Commiilion from the Lords Proprietaries, to be Goverrkourin the Place of Cad- mfader Jones, Mr. Trott allow'd Mr. Bulkley a fair Tryal, and he was acquitted. After which he charg'd Jones again with High Treafon. What Reafon the new Govcrnour had to give his Predcceflbr Leave to go off the Ifland, without com- ing to a legal Tryal, we know not : The Faft is true ^ and to us there feems fo much juft Caufe of Com- plaint agalnft him, that he ought to have been brought to condign Punilhment, for abufing the Power put into his Hands. Bulkley pretended to have loft 4000/. by the Per- fecution Of this Governour Jones : but that feems a little improbable •, for an Elhte of 4000 /. is a thing that has hardly b«jen heard of m the Bahama I/lands. When he came to Enejiandy he appiv'd to the King, by the Earl of Fortlandy and was ordsr'd to lave all his Papers with Sir Wilkam TrumhalL, Secre* ury of State. What Redrefs he found, we know nutk indwhathedekrv'd, let the Reader judge. A a 2 By ?S5 w-^- T6y this time the Town at Frevidtme Was gtoWA fo cofiOderable, that it was honour*c[ with the Naime o| Najfau ^ and before Mr. Trotfs Gbivfernment exj^ir'd, there were 1 66 Houfes : So that it Was as big as the Cities afSt, James and St. Aidryts^ in Maryland and Vtrginia, The Harbour of Najfau is fotm*dhy Hog- Ij/laftd^ which belongs to Mr. Trott. It runs along parallel to ir, y Miles in Length, lying £<;^ and Mr«j': Carolina being the nearelt Colony to dik^ the Pe6< pie of Providence traded moft thither. Tis about a Weeks Sail to CaroUna, and xo Days Sail back, be* caufeof the ftrong Current in the Quliph of Floridg, One would wonder why this Place fhonld not pro- duce Provifions fufficient for 1000 Souls*, and more there never were thete, Hnce we have been told by a Gentleman, who was Govemour of Providence^ thatPeafe came up m 6 Weeks time, and Indtan Corn in 12. When this Ifland was in its moft fiourifliing Con- dition, there were ^or 400 Blacks upon it *, and Mr. Z/fg^npW attempted to fet up a Sugar- Work, which he brought to fomePerfe£^ion, the Soil being iertil, but ihallow. He built a Sugar-Mill, and others were preparing to follow his Example, when the French dixid Spaniards put an End to all their Pro- jefts. There have beien Whales found dead on the Shore here, with a Sperm all over their Bodies ^ but my Author, who had been upon the Place, writes, he could never hear of any of that fort that were kill'd by any *, fuch is their Fiercenefs and Swiftnefs. One (uch Whale is worth many Hundred Pounds. They are very ftrong, and in-laid with Sinews all over their Body, which may be drawn out 30 Fathom long. P. 84^ : The Fifli at Providence arc many of them poilbn- ous, bringing a great Pain on the Joints of thofe that eat them*, which continues fo for jbmefliort time, and at laft with 2 or 3 Days Itching, the Pain isrub'd of. Thofe of the iame Species, Size. Shape, Co- lour, and Tafte. are ot?e of them Poiton, tne other not in the Icaft hurtful ^ and thofe that are, are only fo to fome' of the Company. TheDiftemper never grows mortal to Men •, Dogs and Cats are fometimes kiird by it. in Men that have once had that Difeafe, upon the firft eating of Fi/h, tho it be thofe that are wholefom, the poifonous Ferment in « their Body is reviv'd by it, and their Pain encreasU Mr. LoAith. 845. The fSJlmy icf frovidtace, ^^g Mr. Richard St^urd^ whom we have mention'd ii^ o«ir Account of the Bermudas Jflands^ fays, in fome Obfervations of hif communicated to the Royal So^ ciety. Aiar^ rareThingsmight be difcwer*dmiieyf Provideneei if the People were but incowa^d, 'Ttt ftor*d with Kariety ef Fifb and FowU and with divers ftrtsofTrees^ and other Plants^ wheje Qualities are tfpt ^thtowa, Amberffreafe iias been found here, but in no great Quantities ', and the Inhabitants were never in a v^^* ry thriving Conditi€Mi. The Qovemours talk'd as big as if they had been Vice-Roys of P^rw, they tolc* rv one,, they had Power of Life and Limb, and juld not bear to b^ thought dependant on the Government of C^0/f»tf, tfao it look'd fomething like it : For the Proprieta- ri^ us*d, when any Difference happien'd between th0 Peo^e of Providence and their Qovernour, to fend Orders to the Governour of Qnrelina to inlpeA Matters, and order them as they ihould think molk convenient. Here were Courts of Juftice of all Denominations, as in Wefiminfier-haH ^ and the Inhabitants were Tq litigious, that not a Burrough in G^r^W/ could com^ pare with them v which is the more amazing, be^ aufe they had not much to quarrel for^ or to fpare for Law. To Mr. Web fucceeded Elias Hasket, Efq-, in the p'as Haf! Government of the Bahama Ijlands^ about the Year J5^» ^i^ He found an unruly People, and. they were ^^*'*"''^'^ 1709. the more fo, for few Wrecks had happen'd lately, and the Pyrates began to fpend their Money elley where. Whatever was theOccaHon, the Inhabir tants were in a little time fo out of Humour with Mr. Hasketf that they feiz*d him, put him in Irons, and fetit him awaV^ taking uix>n them to ehoofe a Go* ^jj. frenchf from Petit Guaves^ landed, iurpriz*d the Fort, took the Governour Prifbner, plunder'd and ftrip'd the Efiglijfif burnt the Town of ifajfau^ all but Mr. Lightwood\ Houfe^ together with the Church, fpoilt the Fort, and nail'd up the Guns. They car- A a 4 ry'd IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ■*-'-.^ 4k> 1.0 1.1 fcaiM |2.5 iiO ■^~ ■■■ Hi Ui2 12.2 lAO 1^ m m ij^ ^ 6" ► Photographic Sdences Corporation v '^S ;\ \ V 4^ 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WIISTM.NY. I4SI0 (7ie)l79-4S03 <^/<> Ci^ .0 ..^^ z )6o vemwr. ?'*d off the Governour, and about half the Blacks, he reft ray'dthemfelves in the Woods: BotinO^- btr they came again, and pickt up moft of the Re- mainder of the Negroes Mr. Ughtwood having procar'd his Uberty by Exchange or Ranfbm, came to Cartlinoy and going off dience in a Veflel, on (bme Adventure, wasne- ver^nce heard of. The Englifif inhabitants of the B4fma\ iftet this fecond Invafion, thought it in vain to ftay lonser ^ io they remov'd, fometoCfrt/iiftf) fome to Firgtma^ and fome to Nm-England, •^-Birch; The Proprietaries however appcwnted' ' 'Bireh^ Bfq\ Go- Efq*, to 00 over Oovernour of Prwidettte *, who not hearing that the Inhabitants had deferted the Ifland, went thither-, but finding it a Deiart, he did not give himfelf the Trouble to open his Commiifion. He tarry*d there two or three Months, and was all that while forCd to fleep in the Woods. After which he came back, and left the Place uninhabit* ed ^ as it remains at prefent : But 'tis expef^ed, that, as foon as the Government of the Ifland is ftttled. and Meafnres taken to defend it, the Wrecks, and otner Advantages, will tempt People to venture upon a third Settlement. There is now a Projeft on Foot, warmly foUidted hjJchtt'Graves^ one of BMtfs Perfecutors, to get the Nomination of the Govemour out of the Hands of the Proprietaries. We ihall fte in time, if her Maiefty wiU plcaie to accept of it ^ and 'HGravts. as he experts, will be the firft Governour, after fuch a Change in thif Gmftitation. The prefent Proprietaries are, WiKim Lord&^fi»PaUtincof the Ifland of frfvuUneff (kc, ■ ^ henry Dake of Biaufirt^ WUliam Lord Btrkl^ Jihn Lord Qtrtartt. The Honourable Ai2i»nV# 4iil^/ry. £i<)i %VLj9ki$C9lliimi Baronet, THE : i]Ji::\7 J<« THE HISTORYi OF T HE .'i . BERMUDAS OR Summer titands. CONTAINING An Account of the Difcovery, Settle- ment, Growth, and prefent State of the Colony : A Deicription of the Countryi Climatei Soil, Iroduflions, >^' - , ^ THE firft Mention we find any where made of thereiaandsby£ir|/ji^AatIiors.isin Cap* iMKoftfr't Voyage lor Difcoveries in the Ealt JndiiSyin 15^}. The Captain Tent one Hmry Mm to England from HtfpaniouL having ob- tlin'd PaflM for him aboard a Frtmb Ship, com* manded by Ktenfieur de Barlmirt^ who was driven aihore on the Idand commonly call'd Bermudas « and this was the firft of oar CQuatrymen who ha4 been upon it. Al }1S» The Htftmy of JknmjtlBS. As to the firft Inhabitants^ 'tis very probable there were none before the Engftfit^ the Place being (b far from atny Part of the Continent of Jtmricdy that tHe1!»<firiV built himjl^ a ilOMkr or r&tfaer Qibbin, for the buiUing wasionly of P^meto Leftve$4 yet he made it large enough for binsi his Wife and Family ^ tnd the JEeft of th& Mr lenturers followipg his Eiample, it became a fort Lf ft Town^ which in time grew to a confiderabie LBignefs^ and is now St. (j«0rgr's Town, one of the ftrongeft and beft Mlt in all our .^merkan Golo- ' nies. for the Houfefcare of Cedar, and all the Forts of 'hewn Ston&'A [v "> v.v^ i •. , .- :\ r>Ht Mr.^i^rwas a Man of ordinary Condition, being but a Carpente^l H« was a good Architeft and la- cineer, and fitter in the Infancy of the Galony for 3uf Poft he was in, than an unexperienced GenUe- tfan would have been. He fpent the moft Part of his time in fortifying the lilands^ and carry'd on the VlTotk of the Plantation with all imaginable Zeal and Canity. He drew out the Model df the Town, as it ftands at prefent. He train'd, the people in Martial Exerciies, built p or i o Forts, and furnifli*d them all with Ammunition. He alfo built a Church of Cedar, which being blown down by a Tempefl-, he rais'd another of Palmeto Leaves, in a Place bettor flielter*d from the Weather. In tht firft Ytar of his Government^ another Ship arriv'd with a Recruit of Provilions, and 30 Pair fenaers. He bv this time had found out the Booty of Ambergreale, which Carter^ Waters and Qoara had concealed ^ but one of them afterwards dilco- ver*d it, and the Governour i^iz'd it, as belonging to the Proprietors. He fent one third of it to th^ Company at Lmdon^ by the Ship that brought the Supply, and the reft by the next Opportunities that ofller'd, in the fame Proportion ^ which gave fuch Incoiinigement to the Adventurers, that they con- tinu'd to fupply them with Provifions, Stores, and more Company, fill they were in a Condition to de- fend and fupport themfelves by their own Strength and Plantations. ' Mr.^^bor made very good Returns home in Am- bergreafe^ DrUgs, Cedar, Tobacco, and the Product of ttie Iflandf. r»s in 1^14. ^Ifttlie third T«a^ of his Go?erniiicat the ^anUrdtl Ikew'd tiiemfelvcs ion the Gotft, with a DeHfin to fb^lant them *, bar finding diem better provictod to teceive 'em than their imagui'd they were, they boiel awa^ after the MngUfi had fir'd two Shot at tktm-A * thb ind they made an Attack then, they had proha^ I Myrain'd the Settlement, Powder falling fo ihott^ that there war not a Whole Barrel in St (7c«r^<% die Oame having confam'd that Dart of their StoreSi. 'Twas alfo in the time of uiis Govemoiir that the fiimoas Rat Plague began in 'Bermudas^ whkh I lafted s Year&r They came thither in the ShipL and multiply*d fo prodigioufly aihoar. that fiuA Numbers were hardly ever feen in the World. They had Nefts in every Tree, and all the Groond was co> ver'd with them. They eat up the Fmit&and even the | Trees that bore them. They devour d the tkam within Doors and without, and neither Gats, Do^s Trap^ nor Poyfon, avail'd anything towards clearing the Country of them. They not only fwarm'd in St Georgi*s Ifland> but in many of the other, whe- ther they fwam over, and made the fame Havock of every thing that lay in their way. At laft they di(appear*d aU on a fodden, and went as :(brangdy as they came. 'Tis remarkable, that durine thiriUt ?hffie there were (een vaft Numbers of Ravens in the Ifland, Which had not been obferv'd to be there before or fince. When the three Years of Mr. Poor's Government c^r. Dan. were expir'd, Capt DamHTwcktrmsknt over to Tucker, focceed him. Covernour j|,|, Gentleman much encouraged the in iprovinc of the Soil, the planting of Tobacco^ and did aa things he could think of to promote the good of the Colony, which he faw brought intg a nouriihing Cjpndition before he left it The Hottfes that were built of ?ahtet9 Leaves^ were for the moft part taken down, and others of Stone rais'd in their Places, feveral Ffott Trees were planted. Fields and Woods cleared of Rnbbifli, and a regula]r Form of Governnaent eitablifh*d . But th4 Severity of his Difcipline was fo grievous to fome licencious Perfons, that 5 of them executed as defpe- rate TliW/aryaflictmvidzs. nt^ a Defigft to efcape him as Waters aoci hi$ Conh Mnion^ hm proie^ed tq get away from the lilanii^ Tbey loiew the Ooverfloar would not eivt tfhem kaVe to g(l off, and therefore ii^vented tms Cantii.« wK;e to efieft it : Hearing Capt. Twktr had a g^ pefire to go a-fifliing out at Sea, bat was a^id to Jo it» becaufe fevetalTiiher-^ts had been ^▼en off If theWeather, and the Men perifli'di, they propotTd to him to build a Boat of 2 or s Tuns for miL witha Deck, and fo fitted, that ihe ihould live in all Wea- thers. The 6ovefnonr conjTenting to it, they fell to building it ia a private Place^! pretending twaacoof lenien^ (ot their getting Tiinoeri and launching th6 Boat They finOh'd it fooner than 'twas expc^ed, in4 the Governdur fent Hands to fetch it, intending to go in it aboard a Ship,which he was then difpatch- ing for England, Wnen his Men came to the HaoL neither the Boat nor the Builders were to be fbona. All that they could hear of them, wa& that the Boat being liniih'd the Night before, tho(e that built it went off to Sea in it. to try how 'twould fiia. At laft they found by (ome tetters they left behind them, that they were gpne for England. And the Story of their Adventure is told us in this Man- ner : tney borrow'd a Compafs-Dial of a Neigh* bottn on fome Pretence or other, and went aboard the Snip bound fqr England^ where they truck'd with th^ Seamen fucn things as they had on board for Pro- vifions. One of them at parting told the Marinet ^ ihat th9 they were forbidden to fp with them^ yet they htf*d to ts in England before them : At which ^e M[|fter of the Ship laugh'd ^ and away thefe fearlefs Adventurers ikil'd, with ^^i? Wind and Weather for one^ and twenty Days. I'hey then met with a Storm which reduc*a them to Extremity for eight andfor- tf Hours) and obliging them to bear up afore it^ drove them a little out of their Courfe to the Weft* ward \ but the Wind coming fair again, and conti- nuing (b ten Days, they went on chearfully. In that time they met mfik^ French Privateer, where they vfrent aboard to beg fome Relief *, but inftead of helur ihg them, he plunder*d them ofjhe little they had, took awav even their Inftruments of Navigatiun, ai^iturn'd them adrift In this miierable Condi- * ' tion iH lO^ ThtMfif>rj ^ Bet fl^udas^ Mmir. tion tliey laiVan- ^ made Choice of Mr. flarrifm to jprefide till the ^. Har* iJtrrfval of a new Governour, or frefli Orders froniriron frt* \tmffmd, fidtun. r The Settlement was fo well peopled, that in thi8^1>elaet Gentleman's Prefidency there were reckoned three J^^** thouGind Engfifi \ and their Affairs went <»^^ projberoufly then, having no lelsthan lo Forts, and ;o Pieces of Cannon mounted. ^e have had fo little Acquaintance with, and Information of thefe Idands, that we cannot pretend to continue the Sticceflion of the Go* Wrhoors, nor give a large Hiftory of the Eventsi that happened uhder their government. 'Tis trne^ re have not; been many *, and had our Information n the bed that is to be procur'd, we know enough 'the Bermudasl^iMi% to be very well (atisfy'd, that much could not be &id of them. The moiltonOderable Perfon that ever vifited theicf tllands^ was Edm. Waller^ Efq't a Proprietor of them, bi^e of the mod gallant Men, and one of the (ineft Wits in tjie Covnts of King Charles the Ift, and King Charles thelld ) and one of thofe to whom Mr*Drydm ^pnfefs'd h€^.<^w*d the Harmony, of his Numbers* ' Tnis Gei^^man being a Man of Fortune as well asWit, wa^chofen a Member of the Long Parlia^ mem'^ and «(( fifd ^ in with the Party againil the King, tho he afterwards enter'dinto the Confplracy awinfl the Pai^iament, for which Mr. Chalmer wa Mr. TompkMt were executed v bufMr. Waller ^o^ dlFfor a Fine of loooo/. and Banifhment. Afte* which bf went to the Bermudas JJlaridsy where he UaVd fomfc time, and from thence to Frames Wh«i 0/w" FWail'd, Mr. WaUer returned to Eng- By hi^ being in this Country, Bermudas has the Glory to be wng by one of the moil harmonious Poets thatjfvcr beautify'd the Englijh Tongue v and that is an Honour to which none of the other UlandSj or any part of the Jmeriean Continent, can pretend. Bb The j7o 3n&e h^f^ 0/ Beritiy as. The InhabiUfits ofthis Ifland wete titvd' any girvat Tradors: Th€y contented themfelves with what they could rat(e oot of the Earth ^ fheir Subfift^ ance, and found enoagh for Nourlflnnent and Pleif^ fiirc. ■-■ ' '-' '■■ The Healthinefsof the Air invited feveral Perfons from other Places *, and by this j^ean^ *twa$ coinpa* ted that about 20 or 30 Tears a^, there were 8 or ,10000 Souls of Engliflf Extraaion. WhetJiier thai N»ni))er has diminilh^d fince, we cannot tell *, b^t we are inclin'd to believe, it i!s irather lefs th^ more.' > ' ■ ' Lj ■ '^ ^ - TheOoyernmentj in KingWitUM^s Ktiefty^ mi over a very loyal Addrefs*, a$ aifothe^jUAd^lt))^ fign'd by the Governbur, CofeinciL Afl^mbly, ^d principal Inhabitants \ which Sir mlUam TivnJIntX:^ then Secretary of State, pref^ted ^b his Majefty, \ The King, two Years afterwiitd^ Wi$ |iiea^d tb appoint Samuel Day^ Eiq*, to 1^ GovClitour of diefe Winds*, wh6emnirk*d aboard the A#^'^)b»e Man of War in Mty^ and arrived in j«ft> at St. Oear^i He either was recall'd, or dy'd in hb Oovernmeni; in two Years Time ^ for in x f 00. Capt. Smtet was made Governour of his ^L)t&jf*iSermudM ot Summer JflanAt : Of which we can fay little meire, ezciept what relates to the Geographical or NsHluiral Account of them \ and we theraore proceed t6 it^ hoping it will make ibmeami^ds for what w<^ fiill thortofin theHiAory. ' *l We come ndw to the Geogr«phitM DeftriptioQ of thefe Iflands, «fnd the other parts of oar Account ofthcm. There are fuch a vail Number of th<^^ that moft of them yet want a Name, and indeed %tt fo fmall, they are not worth it. Some Writers fay, there are 300 of them, others 400, and others ^oo \ but not to ftand to determine what is tranfmitted to us with fo much Uncertainty, v^ ihall only venture to be pofitive in that they are above 406, becauie the Major Part of the Writers, who make any Mention of them^ agree in that Point They The iSficry of Bermudas. ^ j 7 1 They lie fome Hundreds of Leagues from any ^'^om Land s the rieareft pkrt of the Continent^ which is Spain Otpe Hattoras in Carolina^ being 3 00 Leagues from ^^ them, the Ifland of Hifpaniola ^00^ Madera 1 000 jj^^'^^^^^ vxid'tngland i6ot\ their Latitude is between j2 and^^n noo^ ajDe&N.L />amRjoa- T^eEighdh'Part of them are hot inhabited *, and noke 500. i\{1kx% UeorM% St,David\ and Cooper's J/les^JizX, hiv0 only a reW rtoufes jlcatter'd up and down. They altogether make the l^igure of aCrenrent, andare within theCircult of 's Tribe y Devmjmri Trlhe^ Pernffro^k Tribe^ ' f^Wji Tribe^ Warwick triff€<, Sovthn^m Tribe^ 9x4 Sati' dy'$ Tribe '^ of v^ich Devor(fi^ iti thsNorthj and Scuthamptm in the Stmh^ are Patifbes, haveeaciha Church, and a oarticular Libraify. In the whole Ifland there are Plantations of Oranges, Mulberries^ and other Prodti^ions of theCobfltry, Which tttider it a very beautifol Profpeft. There is a Haven in Southampton Ttibe, or Di- Arid, which is alfo call'd [Sduthampttft^ and <>ther Harbours-, as the Greet Smid^ Harringt§n*% Inlet^ in Hamdron Tribe \ Pdget*s Pott^ in Paget*% Tribe^ and others. There are no ParifliChtirches in any of thelefTer Ifiands, and all of the Inhabitants are rang*d uftder one or the other of the Eight Tribes. As to the Climate, 'twas fbr fonffcore Yd^vstec* kdn'd ope ofthehealthieft Countries in the World \ and the Sickly usM to remove thither from O^^gar J/laf,ds in America^ as they do frdm the Northern Pitti bf France to MontpelUery for the Air. Bot within this 2b Years there have been dreadful Hnrricuies, which have had fuch an ill EiTea on the Air. thit the Bertnudas l/tands have had their Share of Sidoiers as well 7W Mjfor> (?/ Bcri»iidas. jyj well as the Am'tUes and Charibbees, • However the Face of the Heavens, the Serenity and Beauty are ftill thefancie. The Weather is generally fineand ^! ea*- fant, and the Air temperate and calm. Here is a (ort of perpetual Spring, and tho the Trees throw off their old Leaves, fliere are new ones always coming out at the fame time. The ' Birds breed all the Year round, or atleaft inmoft Months, and the G)untry isalike/mr/i// and charm- Hs Infulae ingf y^ *i*f fi fiiffh more charming and fruitful than "^^ Cceli, England, as to tempt People who can live here, to J^^SoIi tranfportthemfelves thither. ^ ~"'^?/« Tis true, the Thunders and Lightnings are here (^ngiia) very dreadful. Rocks having been fplit afunder by uiio modo the latter. The Storms come with every New funt com- Moon^ and 'tis particularly obferv'd, that if a Circle parands. is feen about the Moon, a prodigious Tenipeft J^^L certainly follows. Thefe Circles are larger there than any Where elfe, and the Storms are more terri- ble. The N. and N. W. Winds are mod predomi- nant^ and when they blow, turn Summer into Win- ter. The Rains are not frequent, but violent, and the Sky is then darkened in a frightful manner. Sel- dom any Snow is to be feen there. The Soil of the Ifle of St. Georg^%^ and the other Iflands, are of feveral Colours and Tempers *, the Brown is the beil ^ the Whttiflu which is like Sand, the next toit^ and the Red, wnich refembles Clay, the worft. Two or three Foot under the Mould lies a folid white Body^ which the Inhabitants call the Rock^ tho with very little Realbn, for 'tis as ates v their PrickN Pear^ like an Engiijh K^heritte in Shape and Size, full of Juice like a Mulkerry : It grows upon the Rucks. And near the Sea-fide is found a kind of Weodhind^ bearing a Fruit refembUng a Bean, and another Shrub like a Bramble, whofe Fruit is a hard tough Berry, in a hard Shell. The mod famous Fruit, and one of the mod deli- cious in the Vnitierffy is their Orange, much larger than any that grow elfewhere, of fucn a Fragrancy both in Tafte and Smell, that it may compare with the richeft Fruit in th« World. There grows a Berry in Bermudas call'd the Sum- mer Jfland Reedmed \ which Berry is as red as the Prickle PeoTy giving much the like Tinfture. Out of which Berry come firft Worms, which after- Lowth; wards turn into Flies, fomewhat biuger than the Co- Philjnn* fhineal Fly, feeding on the fame Berry. In which ^'ol. a. p. 'tis faid, there has wen found a Colour nothing infe- 734« riour to that of the Cochineal Fly, and a Medicinal Virtue much exceeding it. B b 4 Ai l^6 The Hifiarji of Berm&das. As for the Animals^inthefe Iflands^^ere were li6iie but Ho^s, Infefls and Birds, when ^\s George Sommtrs was ihipwreck*d there. He focrkl oat that there were Ibme Hogs in the Ifland, by (ending oat two or three of his own to feed, and when they rambled home, a huge wild Boar fbllowVi them, and being kill'd was found to be excellent Meat. ' ', The Hogs they kill'd afterwards were allbhck, and from thence tis concluded^ tlislt the Spaniardt had left them there to breed,' b^cauie they were of the fame Kind with thofe th^y carry'd to the Qtttinem of America. Some have fancy 'd the Iflands^esiv'd their Name from thence, BermudM fignifying in the old Cajti* UaniyaXtik^ a Black Hog, Waving that as a foolifh ^lagination, 'tis certain, the Ifland was ftor'd with them, and that the Tortuguefe and Spaniards us'd to leave fome on uninhabited Ifjands, in their Way to the IVefi Indies^ that in cafe they were driven aihore there, or were forc'd to put in, they might be fare to meet with frefh Provifions. They now ^t them at Bermudas with Palm and Cedar Berries, but their Number is very m^ch decreas'd. Thefe Iflands abound in tanore and greater Va- riety of Fowl, than any in America. There are . ^awks of all forts. Herons,' Bitterns, Offpreys, Cormorants, Baldcoots, Moor-Hens, Swans, Teal, Snipe, Duck, and Widgeon. Bats and O^ls are alfo very common here, with Multitudes of imall Birds, as Woodpeckers, Spar- vows, e^^. The Engli/b at their firft coming, found t fort of Fowl here call'd Cbhowsj which bred in the Holes of the Rocks, and in Burrows, like a Coney, and were fo numerous, and gentle, that they were ta- ken by Hand. They are now almoft all deftroy'd, being very eafy to be caught. 'Tis of the Bignefi of a Sea-mew. There are alfo the Tropick Birdj and the Pemlice^ feldomreen by Day, and the unwelcom Foreteller of a Storm. Fifh here is as plenty as Fowl, of which there are fo many furts, that Authors have not yet found out Names for them. .. ' •. They Wi*H^Rjr|f ^/Bermudas. 377 They have of the Italy and the fhelly Kind, the Whale, the Sword-Filb, and the Thrcfher-, but • particularly the Tortoife abounds to a Wonder, and is as good and great of the (brt as any in the World. whale-FiflSng has been attempted, but without Snccefsk The Whales about Bermudas are to be found on- lb. 844,' ly in the Months of February^ March^ and jipril. One John Perinche found, one dead there, driven upon an Ifland \ and, tho ignorant in the Buft- nefi, yet got a great Quantity of/ ^rmdCcr/ out o( it. ^"^>^^- '"%'"' Their Whales have not as much Oil as (bme o- thers*, what they have, is at firft like SpermaCAti^ but they clarify it by Fire. The Reader will not be dirpleas'd with the fol- lowing Account of the Whales at Bermudas^ com- njunicated by Mr. Bichard Stafford to the Royal So- ciety. * We have in thefe Seas about Bermudoi, great ii>. 847, * Store of Whales *, which in March^ Aprily and < May^ ufe our Coafts. TKave^my felfkill'dmany ' of them. Their "Females have Abundance of < Milk, which their young ones fuck out of the * Teats that grow by their Navel. They have no * Teeth, but feed on Grafs, growing on the Rocks * at the Bottom, during thefe three Months, and * at no other Seafon of the Year. When that is * confum*d and gone, the Whales go away alfo *, * thofe we kill are for Oil. But there have been ^ Sperma Cati Whales driven upon the Shoar*, * which Sperma fas they call it) lies all over the Bo- ' dies of thofe whales. Thefe have divers Teeth, * which may be about as big as a Man's Wrift. jimbergreafe and .Sperma Cati have been foirtd here in great Quantities, and Pearl \ all which are almoil as rare here now as elfewhere. The Spider in thefe Iflands is a beautiful Infe£V, looking as if 'twas adorn'd with Pearl and Gold. Its Wtbik in Colour and Subftance, a perfeft raw Silk, anijilo flrongly woven, that running from Tree to Tree, like fo many Snares, fmall Birds arefome- times caught in thf?m, as Capt. Smith reports, wl^ofe Authority was very good in his Day. • ' Muf. 5(7* towth. i^ol. 3. p. 561. . Musketocs, Bugs, Ants, and otb^r Infe(H»ftre| here, and fome of them very trcmblefome and mir" ! * chievous. W« have litdc more to fay qf this Place ; The Government of which refembles ( as has beoi faid) that of the other Colonies^ by a Govemoar* Council, and Aflcmhly. They have fewer By-Laws than any of our otW Settlements^ which we impute totheSmallneftof their Tmde; For this Colony produces no confide- raMe Commodity, by which the Inhabitants may be enrich'd % and their Commerce cenfifts chiefly in Timber and Provifions, which they fend to tji9 o- ther Parts of AmtrieOy that ftand in need of them, and fome Tobacco imported to England* Several Families retir*d thither formerly, on ac- count of their Religion Jor Healthi from Bn^tmdy and carry'd confiderable EfTe^ with them. There is a fort of pedling Retail Trade between Eng, land and thole Iflanas, by which neither the Inhabi- tants of the one Place, or the other, grow much |he richer. The building of Ships and Sloops is the moft advantageous Branch or their Tramck; and the People ot Bermudat^Qtm to content themlelves with the Pleafure and Plenty of their Country, with a lafe and ouiet Retreat from the Troubles and Cares of the other Parts of the World, without any Am- bition to enrich therafelves; and if they had any fuch Deflre, *tis to be queftion'd, whether they have any Opportunity of gratifying it. Mr. Norwood^ and the Defore-mention'd Mr. Siaf- fordj having given a further Account of Efrmu* diUy we ftiall communicate it to the Reader in their qvra. Words. * ^Ijever faw any Sand in the Bermudoi^ (ucnas * will grind Grafs, or whet Knives, &c. as in ^w- ( land ', but a Suhftance like Sand, tho much fof- ' ter. Neither have we any Pebble-Stones, or < Flints. The Inhabitants here at Bermudas live ' fome to nn Hundred Years, and fomething up- ' wards. Many live till they are nigh an Hundred. ' but few above. And when they die. Age and ^ Weaknefs are the Caufe, and not any Difeaie that * at' ThiHifhrf of BjBrmdas^ attends them. The general piftenipcr th&t is Yearly among u& is a Cold *, and that is mofi got- ten in the hotteft Weather. The Air is here tre* ry fweet and plea&nt. Our Diet is botordiii»- ry: The People are generally poor % and J ^ (erve, that poor People are moft healthful. ^ ..^ *■ That Weed which we call foUm Weed, grows like our hy. I have feen a Man who was ib poifon'dwith it, that the Skin peaVd off his Face, and yet the Man never touch'd it,,,only look'd oa it as he pais*d by. But I have cliawM it in mf Mouth, and it did me no harm: It is not hurtful to all. > V\;. : ■■ '. ^ ..-Jv-l < Here are Spiders, that fpin their Webs between Trees, {landing feven or Eight Fathom afunder, and thay do their Work by fpirting their Web into the Air, where the Wind carries it from Tree to Tree. This Web, when finifli'd, will fnare a Bird as big as a Thrufli. • We cover our Houfes with the Leaves, not the Bark of a Tree, which is the Pftlmetoi with^ out which Tree we could not live comfortably in this liland. The Leaves of fome of thele Trees are Eight or Ten Foot long, and nigh as broad. We fliall conclude what we have to fay on this Head with Mr. Wafer's Verfes in Praife of thefe Iflands, which are to de found in the firft Canto of his Poem, caird, » The Battle of the SVMMER-ISLJNDS. m ■nErmudas waU*d with Rocksy r^ho does not knew ^ That happy Ijlcmd where huge Lemons grotOj And Orange Trees^ rohich golden Fruit do bear^ The Hefperian Gardens hoajt of none fofair ^ Where Joining Pearly Coral^ and many aPotmd^ On the rich Shoatyof Amhergreafe is found / The lofty Cedar which to Heaven afpiares^ The Prince of Trees^ is Fewelfor their Fires, The The Smoak hy which their loaded Spks do tum^ For iKef^e might oft faired jiltars hum : Their frivate Roofron oderous Timber born^ Suth M mj^ Palaces for Kings adorn. Their fweet Palmetoes a new Bacchus yield^ With Leaves ae atnple as the broadeM Shield ^ Vnder the Shadow of whofe friendly Boughs^ They Jit caroufing where their Liquor grows, tigs there wiplanted thro* the Field do grow^ Such as fierce Cato did the Romans fltew \ With the refre Fruit inviting them to fpoil Carthage, the Mfirefs of fo rich a Soil, . The ttdked Rocks are not unfruitfid here^ But at fome cenjtant Seafons^ every Tear ^ Their barren Tops with lufeiom Food abound^ And with the Eggs of variom Fowl are crown* d. Tobacco is the worjt of things^ Vflnch they To EngUfli Landlords as their Tribute pay. Such is the Mould that the blejt Tenant feeds OnprecioHt Fruits^ and pt^s his Rent in Weedf, With candid Plantines and the juicy Pine^ On choiceft Melons and fweet Grapes they dine^ And with Potatoes fat their wanton Swine, Nature thefe Cates^ withfuch a lavijh Hand^ Pours o^t among them^ that our courfer Land 7(tfles of that Bounty^ and does Cloth return ^ Which not for Warmth^ but Ornament is worn: for the kind Springy which butfalutes tu here^ Inhabits therff and courts them aU the Xeaip, i' - •s.Vi' ^/>^ hipe Fruits 014 BUjfms on the famt Trees Ihe^ once the$ promife what at once Aey ffve, h fweet the jiir^ fi moderate the Qim^ mme ficldy liveSy or ^es before his tuM. , \lbav*n jure has kept this, S^t ef Earth Uftdar/k^ mfbew how all things were created firfi. me tardy Plants ia our cold Orchards plac^d^ mferve their Fruits for the next Ages Toft : mere a fmaSGrain^ in fome few Mmht^ wiMbc \A firmy a lofty and a fpacious Tree, me Palma Chrifti, and the fair ^apafi, iNow but a Seedy (^eventing Nature* s Law) \h half the Circle of the hafiy TeoTy fr;ojeSl a Shade ^ and lovely Fruits do wear* fH s'rr The Roch'fo high about this Ijland rife^ V I Ihat well they may the numerous Turks defpife^ 6oc^ The Critical Reader will confider thefe Verles were written go Years ago, and maft ezcufe what there is in> thfixi that taftes of Antiquity, for what there is that May teach the Moderns. They are not Mir. Wallet's beft Verfes, neither are they hisworft) be ther what they will, they ferve to give thofe that read them, a very lively Id^a of the Country we are treating of, and that is Ul ytt propofeby incerfe- ingthem. The Government of thefe IJlands is, as has been faid. liKe the reft, byGovernour, Council andAf* fembly. The Names of the former we have procut'dy but could not learn thofe of the latter. J Gofcmouri 5*^ i ■ 7 A i"^ ^ t^'&i V .^ .J i\ ^ .. >. •■ . *^. «. :i , f - 5rtfA»rw*w,Efqa, Michael Burfinigky E(q^ St P W M*^• CoL 7Wi»i»^i^, J. Ft N I S. BOOK>S Primed for John Nicholfon, Richard Farkei:, Benjamin Tooke, md iUlph Smiths R Creations Mathematical and Phyfical, laviAg 4own and fdiving many profitable and del^cfm Iro- bums of Jritbmtieki Qiommyy OftidtSf GnoMbiiirit, C9f* mcgNtphyj Mahndiktj Fhyfaks, tadPyntfidmjy byMonf* Ommm, Profeflbr df the Mstbtmatkks m ^v. Vtm Iflto&igUfli, and UUiftratcd wkh veiy aaanr Cuts* , The Xw9 Volumes in JFreocb, Uiug contained in Oa^ aad^d Tbi? Life and Adyeptufesof Gi/«tf«J'-ig^^ J^j|$tfnf>^Qe» neMi^ydon^ into Englifli, fmnn the Orig|4 nal lately printed AtJntwerp, and illuflrated withtibontao new and curious Cuts, deUgn'd by Boutats of Antwerp : To iirKith is added, Th«!^«}tri!ft ,8afl4 in i Vol. 8i;o. Pticti&i. • • .) ,'! .r:S' , \ .'r -t '-.If i j.^fyn^tMMoiyei^hhmrg^*lOfir^hfftti QDnulniiig the whol6 Praa»«e pS rSl^ry, with Qblfi^va^QiM end Remarks on each Cale ; amongll which are inferted, the feveral vays of dtliveriw Women in natural and unnatural Labours* The whole iliuftrated with Copper Plates, ex- i)laining the feveral Bandages, Sutures, and divers ufeful lAftrunMitts. By M. De La Fauguion, M. D. and Intetidant of the Royal Nofpitals about Paris, The zd Edition, faith i fully done into Bnglijbf in 8va. Price 6 1, The tJfC CowifUat Sui^eQn \ or, the whole Art of Surgerf, expiaija'd in a moilfainiiiar Method : Containing^an ex- af Account of it& Principles, and feveral Parts. 'Writ- ten in French by M. Le Clerk, Phyfidan in Ordinary to the French King, and faithmlly tranflated into En^iA., The Fourth Edition enlarg*d by the Author, in iives* price XX. 6d, With his Difcourfe offiandages. Price both t)ound together, as, 6d, the whole Critical Works of Monf . J?4|> in, in Two Voll;iines. Vol. !• Containing, i. ACom{:uiifonbetweeil tkmc^Mnes and Cicero, for Eloquence, x. Homer and Vh" ^, for Poetry. 3. TImcvdides and tivy, for HiAory. 4. Plaio and Jrifiotlc, for Philofophy : With the Opinibna of the Wife Men of all Ages, upon their DoArines, and dmerent Adventures of their Seas. Vol. II. Containing, X. His Reflexions on Eloquence in general, and particu- larly on that of the Bat and Pulpit, r. His Reflections on Jrifiptle*s Treatife of Poefy : With a large Preface by ** - J. His Reflexions upon Hiftory. 4. Upon general. 5. Upon Logick* 6. XJponMo- . ,. , mPhyficks. 8. Upon Metaphyficks. p.Up^ dn the ufe of Philcdbphy in Religion. Newly tranflated i{\tp Bi)gUib, by l^ver^ Hands ; in X;wo Volumes. Svo* Price IX'* \ , > . JTjf/t IivJi Patavint ff0Qriarum decades fua fu^erfunt, tie, in Two Volumes. The ^natomy of Human Bodies. improv*d, according to t^ Calciilation.of the Blood, (^c. By Monf. Vionis,. A Ct>lle£UoB. of voyages, undertaken by die Dutch Bdft li^jtf Company, lor tne Improvement of Trade a«d ^* vj^tion, ^c Three Years Travels from Mofcow, over Land, to Chi^ niy through (?re4r ^tff> Siriania, t*ermia, Sihiria, Daour, Grtajitartary, &c. to »V»* Written by his Excellency £, Xshrants lies ^ in 4/0* i^ammM^ttttmmttmtmt Prqpofals for Printing Mr. OMmm's vffhoit GDinrfe of the MATH EMATJC KS, in Five Volumes, in Svo. Illuftrated with many Hundred .Copper Cuts. Tb* whole Five Volumes wiB contain as follows, viz. The Pirfi Volumt contains an IntroduAion to the Ma< thematicks, with the Elements of Euclid. The Intro- duftidn begins with the Definition of Mathematicks, and their molt general Terms j which are followed by a lit- tle t.'5». tie Treatife of Jlgehra^ br underHaodlog what enfuetiq ^Cotti/tf J and ends with maojr Oeometiical Operatitins lierforni'd both upon Paper with Rule^ and Cotqpaflbs* and upon the Ground with a Line and Pins. The £iel mentsof EuelU comprehend the firft Six Books, the £. leventh, and Twelfth, with their Ufes. In the ftffoiii Voluine we have Adthmetick and Trigo. tionietry, both ReAilineal and Spherical, with the Ta- bles of Sines and Logarithms. Arithmetick is divided into three Parts- ; the Pifjt handles whole Numbers ; the Setond Ftadions|and the TMfd Rules of Prop^rtifan. Trisonometrv has alfo Three Oiyifions or Books ; the Tirf treats ot the Conftruftion of Tables \ the Suond of ReAilineal, and the 2%/ri of Spheric^ Trigonometirv. ThtThiYd Volume comprehend^ Geometry and rottl< fication. Geometry is diitributed into Four Pdtts, of which, the Firft teaches Survejing oi^Meafuring of Land^ the Second Longimetry, or meafuring of Lenghts s the Third Planimetry, or meafuring of Surfaces ; and the Founh Stereometry, or Meafuring of Solids. Fortification eonfiiht of Si% Parts ; in the firft is handled Regular For. tification : in the Second the Conftru£tion of Out-wqrks j in the Third the difTereht Methodsrof Fortifying : in the Fourth Fortification Inegular ; in the Fifth Fortifibtion Offenfive \ and in the Sixth Defenfive Fortification. The Foufth Volume includes the Mechanicks kiid Per. fpefiive. In Mechanicks, are Three Books ^ the Firft is of Machines Simple and Compounded | the Second of Staticks:and the Third of Hydfof^cks. Perfpedive dvesfis firft the General and Fundamental Piindplies of that Science, and then treats of Petfpleftive Pra(Bcal^ of Scenography, and of Shading. , , / ' , The Fifth Volume i^onfifts of Gc^^j^hy and Diilitig. Of Geography there are Two Parts jP the Firft C9ncern THE I N D E X T O Both Volumes, ABraham John, £/;; made Governour ofHud^Ga^t BzYr-VoL I. p. 403. Accomack County in Virginia, defcriFd, Vol, i. 176. African R$yql Company 0^ England, their Omejion^ Vol.z* lU 39, 4p. regulated, S3, J4» 180, 281. Albany in New York, its fir/t Name^ Vol. i. 118. tak/en hy the Lt^lUs^^ 110, defcribU filo. Albany ^iver in Hudfon'i BsLy^firfi fettled ufon, Vol. i. 40^. attacked hy theFtench in time of Peace. ^0$. taken, 409. recovered, 410. taken, ibid, recover d, 411. on/jii Settlement left^ 412. Albemarle George Dttj^^ o/*/>:/^ Palatine 0/ Carolina, FqI. i. Albemarle Chriilopher Duke of, made Governour 0/ Jamai- ca, Vohz, 185, dies there f ibid. ^ Albemarle i?7z;«]r in Carolina, firft fettled upon, Vol. t. Albemarle Coanfy j« Carolina d'tf/a/JV, Vol. i. J69. Alexander Sir William, Proprietary of New Scotland, Vol. I. 21. Alestander Kit\g of the Wauponaags in New England, his Revolt, Vol. I. 49. and Death, ibid. * Aligator, a Defcription of it. Vol. 2. 540, 341. Alleluya, a eommon Word in the Indian Soriigs, Vol. t. C Al- i; The INDEX. Alleyne Col. of Barbadoes, for the Farliament Vol. i8i 19, zo, zi. Aloes Tree of Barbadoes defcriVd, Vol. i. 99. Ambergreafe/0u»iaf Jamaica, VoUi, ; 3 4. a/ Bermudas, ?77' Amidas and Barlow, the firfi Adventurers to Virginia, Vol. X. zio. fail out of the vay^ zii. they land there, ibid. Androfs 5!r> Edmund made Governour o/New York, Vol. i. 193. ^Rj/ Addrefs to King William, 66* fickly, 71. Geographical Defer tption of it, 77, to 88. Length and Breadth, yj. Rivers,^, Caves,'^7, Buildings, ibid. rrecinHs, 88. 5bj7, 89. Jrwj, 90, Se fequ. Hftf* fantnefs, 92. Flowers, 100. j?(30/i an*/ Ora/w, loi. C//- ffiAr* a^d/w, 102. Beap, Birds, Fijb, Infeflt, and Qther Animals, 103, /o no. Of the Inhabitants, tl}eif way of Living, «cc» ilo,«c feq. Numbers, 112. reckoned in C c 2 ill The INDEX. all ijoooo, iij. Governmentf Courts, Offices^ and j?«. venue, 118,^0 13$. Lift of the Council, 129. Other Of- ficers, 130, 131, 131, 133' The Revenue, 133, 13^. Minjjiers^ 134. CJmrclj-Jfairs, ibid. Inconveniehciet of Education of Youth, 135. 0/ Sugars, 136 /o i$i, 2VjJ«) IS4 ^0 i^i* C'o/»t ibid. //« Ricljes, and Jivan- r<3;gej'o England, 162,163, 164. Hardjbi^s, 16^ 16$, 166, 167. Barbuda i//iifjijjen- te\s, 1^6. provokes Bacun lo ubel, 249, He iequ. pes from h'tm, 2^5. iiii J^eath :ind Character f 2$7» Berkley The INDEX. Berkley Qntnty in CsitolmJaid ouu Volji. jj^, defcrih'd^ no. Bermudas, ^ Vol. z. 361, to 381. Lijl of Governour and Council, ib. Bernard Mr. made Governour 0/ Bermudas, Vol. z, 368. Billingham Richard, Efq-^ Governour of Maffachufets in l^ew-England, Vol. r. 50. Birch Mr, made Governour of Providence, Vol. 2. 260. Birkenhead^ Confpiracy in Virginia, Vol. 1. 146. Blackltone Nathaniel, £/j-; made Governour of Maryland, Vol. 1, 19J. Blackftone Col, made Deputy Governour of Montferrat, Vol. X. 1^, Blackwell Capt, nude Governour of Penfylvania, Vol. i. 171. Blake Mr. Brother to tbg famous Jdmiral, fettles in Caro- lina, To/. I. 3? 8. his Chara^er, 359. Blake Jofeph, Efq\ made Governour of Carolina, Vol, i. %A$. a BenefaSor to the Churchy ib. Bond Francis, Efq-^ Ptejident of Barbadoes, Vol. i. 66, Boon Mr, Jofeph, o/v^arolina, aJf.mUed hy Rioters^ Vol. r, 3 $3. fent ^en/ ^a Engl And, 360. how us'dby the Lord Granville, %6i. applies to the Houfe of Lords, 362. Boilon City of in New-England, htiit. Vol. i. 37. great and populous, 49. defcriPd, 85, 86, 98, Boteler Col. John, of Barbadoeb-, fmt againfi the French, Vol. 2. 62. hovfUng-Gveen in Barbadoes, Vol. 2. 106. Bowne Col, Andrew, viade Governour of EaA-New-Jeifey, . Vol. I. 146. / loys fwo NewEnglifh, thir Bravery, Vol. i. 6j. Bradford William, Efq\ Governour of ^WoiOMih Colony in New-England, Vol. i. ji. Bradltreei Siinon, Efa, Secretary of MaiTachufet Colony, fent wiJ) an Addrefs to King Charles H. Vol. i. 48. chofen Governour^ 59. Braiiirord m New-Ln^Uud built. Vol. %. 39. BtuUliano the Buccaneer hit Jlions, Vol. 2. 275* Bray Dr, ThoiruL^ goes to Virginia, and ismadc Prcfident of the College there, Vol. i. 2^6. Commijfary of Maryland, 194. Brayne Col. made Governour 0/ Jamaica, Vol. a. 273. BrewHer ill*, one of the f '' Inhabitants 0/ New England, Vol. 1. 34. huCharaUcr, '). Bridge-Town in Baib does, vhen and where huilt, Vol. 2. II. burnt ^11. rebuilt, 35. Sicknefs there, ^S. defcrib'd, 78, 79, 80, 81. Ccj Bridge 1: The INDEX. Bridger John, Efy^ maii Owermur of Port Nelfon in Hudfon'j Bay, Vol. i. 401. Bridges William, Effi tainted Jgm for Barbadoei^ Vol. 1. $1. Bridgwater in New-Ei^land attaeWi hy the Indiani^ Vol. I. s Button Sir Thomas, his Voyages and Difeoveries, Vol t, 384. Byam Major removes from Barbadoes to Antego, Vol, 2, 181. Bylling £dward| Mf^j Governour of Wefi-New-Jerfey, Vol. I. 147, C CJhhage-Tree in Jamaica what it Uf Vol. 2. };}. Cabot Sebailian faid to difcover Florida, Vol. 2. 3*5. Csdl County in Maryland defirih*d. Vol. i. 201, 202. CaUiha/b-Treein Barbadoes defcrih*d. Vol. 2. 95. Calvert Sir George fettlet Newtoundhnd, Vol, i, j. procures a Grant 0/ Maryland, Vol. i. 183 . Calvert Leornard, Efyi made Governour 0/ Maryland, Vol. 1. 104. htilds St. Maries, 187. his JSion there, 188. Calvert Gmmy/N Maryland i/e/cri^V, Vol. i. zoo. Cambridge in New-England, General Court remov*d thi- ther from Boflon, Vol. i. 41. made a Univerfity, 44. defcrtb'd, 85,84. Vniverfiiy dejcrib'd, 107, 108, 109, to Ml. a next College htilt, ib. Campbel Lord Neal Governour of Eaft-New-Jerfey, Vol. 1. 145. Canada, French of. ajfifi the Indians againjl the Englifl) in time of Pkace, Vol. i. S in Carolina deferib'd, Vol. i- 375. Carver Mr, John, firjl Governour of New-England, Vol. i. 19. Caflavia Tree in Barbadoes defcriVd, Vol. 1. 90* in Ja- maica, 314. Caflia Fiflula Tree in Barbadoes defcrib*d. Vol. z-^o, CaAille Sir James de, 4gent at Jamaica for the Spani. ards, Vol. 1. 187. Cedar Tree in Barbadoes defcriyd. Vol. 1. 90. Cedar Ballard 0/ Jamaica defer ibdy Vol. 1. 333.I Cedar itf» The INDEX. Viet, zi6j 137. ^om, 2?8,i39, JTars and Govern- ment, 140, 141. Voyages^ 241. eat Men, 24?, 244. Wives, 244,245. Children, 24$. long-Wd, ib. Difeafet andBurU als, 246* Charibbee Iflands, Davyes ^i/?ory 0/ *m autltentick. Vol. 2. 200. Cha^rXcS'CUy Connti in Virginia defcrih*d^ Vol. i. 271. Charles-CoMW/> in Marylan4 defcriPd, Vol. t, 199, 200. Charles-Town in Carolina, Minijier's Maintenance fettVd tlere, and hy ^hom. Vol. i. J45. Dejcripion of, 570, 57i»37i» Charles-Town »« NevSs huilt. Vol. 2. 196. Charles-Town in New-England huilt, VoL i. 57, Henry, Goi>«MOMr 0/ Virginia, Vol 1. 289. Chichefter in VtniyUimidefcriyd, Vol. i.i$4, 178. Chillingworth Mr. Governour of Providence, defos'd hy the People, Vol.2. 550. Chilton Attorney General of Barbadoes, killi a Man, Yol, 2. 74. Chub, a New-England Captain, his Treachery, Vol. i, 7$. furrenders Pemma^uid Fort, ibid, hit mifer able End, 78. Church Capt, of New-England, his Btavery^ Vol. i. ji, 52, 57, 58. kills King Piulip, ib. hu further ASions, 6$, 70*7^75. Church Government 0/ New-England, Vol. i. loj. Schifwu in it, ib. Churches huilt in New-England, Ko/i ro$. in Virginia,2gi. CUrk Mr. Governour of Providence, roafted hy the Spani- ards, Vol. 1. 350. Clarendon CoMM/;' in Carolina defcriVd. V-;', i. ^6y> Clarendon PrtriTIfr iM ]^mz\cdL defer ib^d, Vv^i. 1.329. Cmnxion Tree wild in Jair.iica, Vol. 2. 332. Citron Tree in Karbadoes defcnh^d^ Vol, 2,91. Cocao Tree ;» Jamaica Antego, 181. made Governour of the Leward Iflands, i8z. his Expedition to take St. Chrinophers, 113, 214, 115. takes it, £$0, to 256. unfuccefsful at Guardaloup and Martinico, zjp. Godriiigton Chriftopher, Tun. £/j; his Merit^ Vol. i. 184. made Governour of the Leward lilands, 185. at- tacks Guardaloup, 186. retreats^ 187. takes St. Chri- ftophers, z6o. Coin in Barbadoes, VoU z, 161, Cohows, Birds in Bermudas fo caJPd^ Vol. z. 976. Colepepper Lord made Governour of Virginia, Vol. i. ZI9. his Male-Jdminiftrathttt ib. his Difpute about th» Northern Neck, 261, 261. governs 'wellf z6i. Colibry, a Bird fo call'd, deferib'd. Vol. 2. 228. Colliton County in Carolina laid out. Vol. i. 339. defcriVd, ?74. 375. CoUiton James, Eff^ Governour of Carolina, Vol. i. 341. hu Male" Jdminifir at ion f ibid. hanijb% "i^i, ' Coloquintida Tree in Barbadoes deftriFd, Vol. z. 90. Connedicut Co/on> in New-England fettVd, Vol. i. 37. Governours of it, 4J. their Charter procured, 48. joined. to Newhaven Colony, 49. thofe Provinces dejfcrih'd, 88, to 91. Convers Capt, hie have Anions in New-England, VoL u 71. 7*- Cooper River in C^xoMan defer iVdt Vol. i. 37J. Corn Indian, fee Maize. Cornbury Lord made Governour o/New-Yoik, Vol. i- 128. his Anions, 129, 130. his Conference with the Indians, ib. made Governour of New-Terfey, 147. Cornwall County in New-England defer ih'd. Vol. i. 84, 8s. Corn wallis Thomas, £/ji Governour 0/ Maryland, Vol. i. 184. Cotton Tree in Barbadoes defer iFd, Vol, 7.. 95,96. Coucareufes, Indian Noblemen in Virginia, Vol.i. 284. CoX Dr. Daniel, Governour of Weft-Ncw-Jerley, p'oU i. Crabs Land in Barbadoes defer iFd, Vol. 2. 109. Cradock Matthew, Efq; firji Governour of Maffachufct Colony, Vol. i. ^s. Cranfield Henry, Efq'^ made Governour o/New-Ii-sland by Kinz James'j Commi£ton, yol. i: 59. Iju arbitrary Power, ibid. Cra- The INDEX. Craven William Earl of, cbofen Palatine of CaioUnti Vol, i.3}6. Craven County in Caiolina laidoutf Vol t. 339. deftrih'i 370. Craven Lord Palatine o/Provid^nce, Vbl. i. 360. Crawfoul, a Bird fo caWd, defcriFd^ Vol. 2. aaS. Creolians, vhofo caffd^ Vol. z.t\\. Crow Mitford, Bff^ promised the Government of Bar* badocs, VoLi, 73. difafpointedt ibid, ohtains it, 7;. Cuilard Apple-tree in BaabaidotB defcrib*df Vol. a. 94. Cyprefs in Maryland defcriVd, Vol. i. ao6. DAle Sir Thomas made Marjbal of Virginia, VoU i. zap. governs weU, aja Dale'i Gi/r in Wrginia built. Vol. i. a^o. Daniel Col, Robert, takes AuguiUno in Florida from tie Spaniards, Vol. u % $0. Darien fettVd hy the Scots, Voh 2. 305.' Davies John£» Toja^ex and Difcoveries, Vol. i. ^S}. Day Samuel, EMfent Governour to Bermudas, VoLi, ;7o. Dearesby Col. George, 0/ Carolina, hie violent Proeeedingt, Vol. I. J$2, }$}. Delaware Lord made Governour of Virginia, Vol, t, 22;.' prevents the Defertionof the Race, iig, goes thither again and dies, 234. Dennis Capt, reduces Virginia/or the Parliament,o\,i,i^^* Devils Sea defcrih*d. Vol. 2. 190. Diggs Co/, made Governour 0/ Virginia hy the Rump, Vol, I. 244. Divers; Birds focalN, where feen. Vol. i. 14. Dogwood of Mztyluidkefcriyd, Vol i. 206. "Botxamoo ifiand defcriVd, Vol. 2. I7r. Dorado, a mfo calPd, defcrih*d. Vol. 2. 176. Dorchefier in New-England huilt, VoX,!,^, defer ih*d, 86« Dorcheaer County in Maryland defcviVd^ Vol^a. 202. Dorchefler in CztoMm defcviVd, Vol. 1. J 74. Dover in PeAfylvania defcrib'd, Vol 1.155. Douning Mr, George removed from l^ew to Old England, Vol. I. 4^. Knighted, ib. Doyly Colonel made Governour 0/ Jamaica, Vol 2. 270. Drake sir Francis the firjl Man that larided in New-Eng- land, Fo/. I. 25. /^Ibej u^ //;e Virginia Cd/on/, 214. Drax Jfir, James, the firjl that brought the Art of making Sugai to any PerfeHion in Barbadocs, Vol. 2. la his Wealth, ib. Xtiigbted, ib. his Soajl, ij. Dudley Thomas, £fa^ Deputy Governour of MaiTachufet Qolony, Vol,i.36. aeadt the SeSarians, 41, 4 <;'(// QovemwTof . _ .., Mom finee^ ti$^ Defuty Qovemour of l^tW'YaAt ix8. Dungan Col a PaPtft^ wuule Govenumr of New-York, Volt 1. 11$. a true Lover ofhitCountrj^ ib. Dupftan Hannah of New-Englaad, her mafeuline S^irit^ Vol. 1. 7 J, j6. Dunfiar Mr, Heniy Prejident of Harvard CbiV^e in New- England, Vol. 1. 107, no, dijplae*di ib^ Dutton Sir Richard made Governour of Barbadoes, VoU z. 40. hit iU CharaSert 41. main^ 42, 41 . hit Offrejioit^ 4^. Aft Hampfldre in, New-England fettVd, Vol. i. 46. 2j fee Hampihire New. ift-Ncw-Jerfey how hounded. Vol. i. r;^. and divided ib« toil9. Miniftert there, ib. firft Proprietariet, 142* Hi- ftory, 145, 14^. Eaton Mr. Nathaniel Prejident of Harvard College in New- England, Vol. 1. 107. Eaton Mr. Theophilus plants Newhaven Coloty in New« England, Vol i. 39. Elizabeth Town in Eaft-New-Jerfey de/criPd, Vol. c. 1)6. eizabeth City and County in Viiginia defcrih*d, Vol i. 214. Elliot Mr, a New-England Minifter, comertt the Indian^, Vol. I. loz, 10). Endicofc John, £/f; Deputy Oovernour of New*England, Vol. I. 36. Oovernour, 47. hie Death^ $0, Eflex County in New-England deferiVd, Vol. x. 8z, 8) . ElTez County in Eaft-New-Jerfey defcrih'd. Vol. i. 136, Eflex Co«nf> in Virginia dtfcriVd^ Vol. i. 27$. Evans Go/. John imJ« Deputy Governour of Penfylvania, Vol. 1. 174. Everard Mr. Governour of St, Chriflophers, Vol, t] »47- Eylcs Mt' Francis rmde Jgent fqr Parbadoes, Vol z. 6$< F. {? Airfield Cbun/x 9'" New-England i^/a/^V, Vol. i* 90, : 9t almouth Town in hvXtKi defcriVd, Vol z- 17$, i8z. Farmer John, Efq\of fiarbadoes, hit faying of the AUV can Company, Vol z. S4> of the Expedition againfi t1» ' French The INDEX. French Leward IJlands^ 54. Prefident of Barbadoes, 72 froclaims ^een Anne, il> Ten wick George, £/jj Builds Saybrook 7» New-Englaod Vol. 1. 38. ° * Fig Indian how propagated in JimncZf Volz.^'^S, Fifliery at Newfoundland Advantage of. Vol. iizl Flammans, Birds fo caWd,' dtfcriFdy Vol. z. ijo. Fletcher Col made Governour of New- York, Foi i. ti6. his Marches agait\^ the French, ib. made Governour of Penfylvania, lyz. Fly-catcher defcrib% Vol, z. 202. "EX^ Cochineal defcriydy Wq\, z-i'i$,ll6, flies Fire in Jamaica defcrib'd. Vol- z- 539. Fontabeil in Barbadoes made the Governmr^s Seat, Vol. 2: Foulk Col&nel his Expedition againjl Martinico, Vol z^ 62, 6j. Frazon Mr- an odd Accident that happened to him neat Bar- badoes, Vol z. 75. Friggats, Birds fo call'd, defcrih'dt Vol- 2. 359. French their ridiculous Complaifance for the Charibbean^ Volzzz^' Vanity, 230 Good to eat, 243 Frobi(het*f Streight, where and when dij covered, Voi« |. Fullcrton John, £/}; made Oovermow of HudfonV Bay^ Vol. 1. 412. G. GArdncr Mr* John, oppofes the Barbadoes Monopoly ProjeS, Vol. 2. 47* the African Compnuy, S^j 55, Gates Sir Thomas peputy Governour of V irginia. Vol t, 226. Chief Governour, 230. his Adventures, at Bermu- das, Vol 2-362- &feq. dermanrowM in Penfylvania ifir/Jrr/JV, Vol. l- 177. Geyer John, £/jj made Governour of Port Nelfon in Hud- fon'.r Bayy Vol. 1.411- Gibfon Sir John z:^ Newfoundland, Vol. i- 17. huildsa Fort there, ib. Gillam Cipt- Zacharlah fivji fettles in Hudfon'j Bay, Vol 1. 384. V , GUlam Capt* Benjamin oppofes the Company in Hudfon*^ Bay, Vol i. 402- taken by the French, ib. Ginger the Plant in Barbadoes defcriVd, Vol. 2-97. Glcucefter Cottn/;v ^n Virginia in Virginia ier/a/^W, Vol. i. p. 272. Henricopolis in Virginia built, Vol. i. 230. \ HeC- The INDEX. Hcftet Ellis, Efyi madi Govirnour of Providenee, Vol i. lUwetfon Col takes Mary Galante/ioM the French, Vol z. 18). afjtt Si* Timothy Thornhill at St. Martins^ iiz. Hill Col Vftfvty^ Governour of Montfemt, Vol £. 193. Hoar Dr. Leonard ehofeu Prefident of Harvard Cottiie in New-England, Vol i. ur* Holder John, Bfji mad$ Treafurer of Barbadoss, Vol i. 74* Hole Town in Barbadoes defctiVd^ Vol. 2. 8t, 82. Holt Lieutenant General fiot ly mijtakein ^.Chriftophers, Vol, 1. ZS4* Hopkins Edward, Efj^ firfi Governour of Conne^Hcut Co- lony, Vol. I. ?8. "HornF/y de/crib*d. Vol. 2. 261. Howara Francis Lord of Effingham made Governour of Yir- ginia, Vol i. 262. governs iU, 26;, 264. UudConCapt, difcovers New-Vork, and feBs it to the Dutch, Vol I. iry. Hudfon'x ^Yf from 382, ro 412^ d wretched Vlace^ ^82, 400. difcffoerd hy Hudton, }8;. he u kilVd^ ibid. Jkw ri&« Englifb tame to fettle itfirft, 384, 38$. /ir/f IVo/^iV- //inVf, 38$. Situation and Length of it^ 386. Streightt de/crih^d, ibid. 27^^ Jf)G;>i»V,ibid. 387. ^;r, 386. Sbi/, 387. Trade and Commodities, ibid, jf Standard of the Trade, ibid. )^ Governour, ^90. ani Traders, 391. difiurVd hy the French, ibid, i&oip ri&« EngHih live, 390, ' 39r, 392, & feq. Jrair, 396, 397. thi Settlement in great Diftrefs, 399, 400. J Governour at Port Nelfon alfo, 401. Five Settlements in the Bay, 40$. loofe althut Port Nelfon, 409. refoirer r^rm, 410. /O/0 r£«M again, ib. recover them, 411. /oo/c ii// for Fort Albany, 4r2. Hunks S7r Heury m4(/« Governour of Baibadoes, Vol i, 7, Hunter Col made Governour of Viiginia, Vol i. 384. Hurons, Indians, Friends to the French, Ko/. i. 63, 72. Hurricanes, Piognojlicks of them. Vol. 2. 246. Hulkanawing in Virginia, what it is. Vol. i, 284. I. JAckfon Colonel plunders Jamaica, Vol 2. 268. Jamaica, Vol 2. 266 to 347. DifcoMry and Situation^ 206. Number of Indians there, 267. flunder'd hy the Englifli, ihid, aeain, z68. taken by the Englifh, ibid. 269, 270. Spanifn and Run-away Slaves troublefome, 27 j, &fequ. Mutiny there, i-j I, Surrinam Colony fettle there, 281. Earthquake there^ %%. AConf^iracy of the i^e* gross, The INDEX. noes, 187. The great Eartbtnukt, 288, to 296. Ffencb land, 2^, to 299. beaten of, ibid. Extent^, }I5. X)>- vifion, ibid. Heografhieaf Defer^tioiu ibidL /o 321. &/i; ibid. Climate, J2t, 32 J. S;« Jfri/e, ibid. 324. Trees, 32$, ^0 H4* Tanneries, Mirus, and Jmhergreaje^ 354. Dn/^*, J J J. Difeafes, 339, ifa/*, 342. /»i{tf. iitants. Trade, &c. 343i & feq. Numbers, 344. Liy; 0/ ^ovrriMury Coiinri'/) and other Officers, 346, 247. James i?)v«' in Virginia defcrib'd. Vol. i. 271, 272. James County in \ix%iniidefcrib*d. Vol. t. p. 273. James Town in Virginia built. Vol. i. 223. large, 227J Boundaries fet out, 236. an J8 for Building, 1^6, a Fort there, 247. Mirnr, 257. defcribU, 272, 273. James Cap, hie Voyage and Difcoveries in HudfonV Bay, Vol. I. 3S4. let IJlands of. Vol i. 14. Jefftries Herben, £/^ made Deputv Govemour of Virgi- nia, VoL I. t$7. makes Peace witi the Indians, 2 $8. Inchiqueen £ar/ of made Governour of Jamaica, Vol, z, 287. dies there, 296. Indians 0/ Newfoundland, Vol, 1. 14. Indians 0/ New-Scotland, Fo/. 1.23. Indians of New-England infoknt. Vol. i. 33. chaflis'd, ibid, rtar with the Englifli, 40, 49, 50, & feq. kiU their Kir^becaufe h would not war with /j&r'Englifh, 53. wo^ed, 54. ajffijled bytheVstnch, $$. do great Mifchief, ibid* cruel, $6. fome join with the Enghib, $8. JVar lajls, 59. breaks out again at the Inftigation of /^« French and their Abettors, 61, 63. Mifchief done by than, 64, 68, 69* worft the Engliih, 70. a Truce, 71. broken ^ the Jr^ians, ibid, affifted by the French and Huron^ 72. heg a Veace^ 73. break it at the Inftigation 0/ French Priefts, ibid, firftufeHorfe, 7^, Coniflain of the Jefuitr, and make Peace, 78. Chriftian Converts, 87, 8^ 100, I02t 103. Students, 104. Their Government, 99, loi, Cloathim, 100. Beligion, ibid. Prefent State, loi. Bar- barous Language, ibid. Money, 102. Numbers, 106. Indians of New-York, 120. their Language, 123. Cm- ftoms, 124, 12$. ^^«ir Conference with the Lord CQtnbuty, 130. the five Nations of them in Confederacy with the . Engliih, ibid* their Number, 125. Indians of New-Jerfey, Vol i. 141. Indians 0/ Penfyfvania ^ffo«?i/ 0/, Vol. 1. 159, 160. their Marriages, 161. their Of inion of cold Baths, ibid, a Sio* ry of a Captain concerning them, ibid, their Burials^ 162. their Beligion and Oovernment, 163. fell their Country to the Enghib, 167. their manner of giving Judiences, ibid* In The J N D EX. Jodians flf Maryland /y/^or;' o/. Vol. i. 185, 186. JGni-l nefs to the Englifli, 188. fuhmit to theniy 191. vhert^ iieated, zoi. Nunlherst 204, Z07. Cau/e of ththr dimintjih ing, ibid, hrave only at Death^ ibid. •Jndians of VixgimsL, Hijiory of them,yol, i. zii. their early t'aljhood to f^tf Englifli, zig. murder tbem^ 215. affault theniy 224 to 228. learn the ufe of FireJrmt, 2J4, maf- [acre the tng]i(h, 2J7. again, 2^8. defeated hy them, ih. maffacre them a^ain, 240. w^r with them, 241, z$i. m^j^e Veacewith */;« Englilh, 258. their Houfes, 277. Hift^, 279. /jow »»a7jy Nations in V irginia, 4»i where they live, 281, 282. their Religion, iSz, 284. Marriages , iSs* Children and Cloaths, 286, X)ie^ I);7m/« an4 Wealth, 287. Government, 288. Indians 0/ Carolina jp^r n^iVA r7;e Englifli, Vol, i. 3 jtf, J57. Englifli and Spanifli quarrel, 343. Englifli are friendly, Indians 394. further Account of them, 395, & feq. JDiUionafy of their Language, AO.r. Indigo tf Dc/cn^/foA o/,- Vol. 2. 329. Ingrain CoL of Virginia, 2V Bacon*^ Lieutenant General, Vol. I. 2S6. Johnlbn Sir Nathaniel made Covernour 0/ Carolina, Vol, t, 354. Illegal Prcitlkes in his Time, ibid. 357, 360, 361, 365, 366, 367. pomotes the Silk ManufaSure, 379, Jones Cadwalladar Governour 0/ Providence, bis Male Jd- minijlration, VoL 2. 351, & feq. feiz'd and imprifon'd, 352. Iroquois Indians Friendi to the Englifli, Vol, i. 6^, lilc of Wight C(?«n/y in Virginia defcriFd, Vol, 1. 272. K. KEith George Mr, teaches a School in Eaft New Jerfey, Vol. I. 145. leaves the Quakers, and is made an Or- thodox Mijfionary, 146. Kendal James, Efqr, made Governour of Barbadoes, Vol, 2« 49» 50. Kent County in Peiifylvania dfffctih d. Vol. 1. 155, lyj^ Kent County in Maryland defcril'd. Vol i. 202. Kent New County in Virginia defaibd, Vol. i. 214. Kid Caft' the Pytate taken at Isew-Knt^land, Vol- i. 79. Kingflon ;w Jamaica, a Mortality there, V9I. 2. 295. made the Seat of the Government, 3x1, defer ib'd, 317- Kiiigilon in the Vrovince of New-Yuik defcrib'd. Vol i- 120, 131. King William County /y Virginia defer ih'df Vol. i. 275. King The I N D E X. King ani Queen V County in Virginia defcriPdlVoit' z; y Kinowle Lord gets the Propriety of Barbadoes, Vol, x. zy. J Kixby Caft, condemned for Cowardice at Jamaica, Ko/.z.^o^. Kirk Sir DavidV Settlement at Newfoundland, Vol. i. 5. di^roys the French Settlements at Canada, 6, Knight johtifEfqi made Governour o/HudronVBay,ro2 1.410. Knights 0/ Barbadoes, To/, z. 1 10, III. Lto . ' LAk« Mn Governour of Nevis, Vol' z. 195. Lamentine, a Fijb f> call'df defcrih'dt Vbl. z. 191. Lancafler County in Virginia, defcrib^d. Vol. i. Z76. Landgraves )?rj? in Carolina, Vol i. 315* Lane Ralph, Efq\ firji Governour of Virguiia, Vol, %, zij. abandons iV, zii. Lawrence Capt- Rich, hums Jani«s Town /n Virginia, Vol, I. Z57. JLawrie Gawen,£/j;Dtfp. Gov, of Eaft-New-Jerfey,r.i.i4J. Laws of Barbadoes printed. Vol. z 71. Leet William, £/j; Governour o/Newhaven Co/ony, Vol. \ I. 39, Deputy Govanour, 40. why be left England, ib, GovcrnottVo/ Connecticut tfniNewbaven, 59. Le Grand Capt. made Governour of St, Bzitholomtw for the Englifli, Vol. z zSo. Lemon Tree in Barbadoes 6^ Maryland^ f'^ol. 1. 18?, /o 208. Sounds by the Grant, Vol. I. 185, 184. /^ n^jow wflwV, ib./»jl Adventurers ihitlter, 185. Settlement, 185, 186, 18;. GoUYnmtHt fettVd, 190. Vivifion into Counties, 190, 191. Libetty of Confcienee tlxre, ib. CVjfr.'ti ^m//^ //jtrr, 194. fi/a/e 0/ ;V, ib. Minifiers Revemcs, 195. Gto^t^raphicai Defcription, 197, 198. Climate, 203. //;« Toh.u-co, ibid. Vo//, ibid. Irtfrf* flw// Numbers^ 104. Lowlands, io$. Trees, io6- ^/r, ibid. Drinks, 107. Names of Governout and Council, io9» Maffachufet Co/o«ry fw New-England fottnded. Vol, i. 3 j. y?»y? Prvprietors, ib.GeograPhical Defcriptionofit,%\,to 86* Mattiiews ^r. GovemeUr 0^ Virginia, {^o/» i. Z44 Matthews >^/r Wii. made Uovernour of the Leward IfUnds, Vol. I. iS7« McIifTes how made. Vol. 145, 146. Middlefex CowM?>' in New-England defcriPd, Vol. i. 8j»84« Middlefcx Coumy in Eaft-Ncw-Jerley defer ib'd, Vol. 1. 1 J7* Middlefex County in Virginia defcrib*d, Vol. i, 175, Milford in Ncw-En|^!and btiiltf Vol, t. 59. Koditbrd Col. Jhonm Jit tht in Barbadocs, Vol, 1. 8, 10. The I N D E X. to, for tU King^ la for the Parliament, zi. &z,22* made Governour of that Ifiand, zj. renwvM to Jamaica* 24. made Governour, ij^ Moltifworth Col. Hender made Governour of Jamaica, Voh z. 184. agaimiSj, Monmouth County in Eaft-New-Jerfey A/cr/iV.Vd.i.nS. Montferrat,Fo/.z.i89, toip^. wfyfo eaU'd,ib, DifcoveryjtK Settlement,!^, Defcription,ib^mmals^i9t,i^i, Cturches ttnd number of Inhabitants, 193, 194. Lift of Governour, Deputy Governour, Council, and other Ofeers, 194. Moody Capt, John Governour 0/ Newfoundland, Vol.t, 18. Moor James, Efq-, of Carolina, difplac'd for fending a»af Indians, Vol. i. 340. Chofen Governour irregularly, 540. which occafions the Troubles that followed, 347. Male- Adminiftratiou, 348. Heprefentations againjl him, ibid. fets on foot the Auguftino Expedition, and why, 349. gives Commiffions againft the Indians, ibid, goes againfi AuguftiiK), 350. unfortunate lU' hit arbitrary. Govern' ment^ 35i, ?53. diftlac'd, 354. Moor ifr ^ichztdi firjl Governour o/Bermudas, Volz.,i6^: Moreton JoTeph, Eff^ made Governour o/Carolina, Vol. 1. 337. Injujtiee done him, 346. Morgan Sir Henry tfte Buccaneer, his Anions, VoL z-' Z76, Z77, Z78, his Sufferings, Z79. made Deputy Gover- niour of Jamaica, z8z. Morrifon CW, Francis made Deputy Governour of Virginia, VoU I, 1^%. hie Behaviour, ib. Mount Hope in New-England confuer'^d^ Vol. i« $7, $8. King of it kilVd, ib. Mouncjoy in Penfylvania defcriVd, Vol. 1, 177. Mountain Sulphur in St. ChriHophers, Vol, a. iij, 246. . N, KTAnfan Mr. Deputy Governour of New-York, Vol, I. i\ 1x8. negligent, 131. Nanfemund County in Virginia deferiVd, Vol. i. Z72. Nantucket Ifland inhabited by Indian Ojriflians, Vol. 1.88. Narragantfets Xing of, fubdu'd by the Englifli, Vol- i. 40. i^ulted, 46. revolts, Ap. Kiw taken, $8. NaiTau in ?sovidtn Numhers^iii, timr Condition, 117. and hice^ih, their Manners, Cujlomt and Religion, 118, ii9« Diet, IZQ. Cloathingt izi. Sports, 123. Creolian m- ,V.z.i87. .,, , .,^^„,i. aGover' mw then, ^01. takenby the French in time of Peace, 40Z D d z - The I N DE X. Tecovtf*ij 405. kept when the refl wen lojl, 409. Ntvill Jdmhal hit Death in the Weft Indies, Vol,z. 504. Nevis,^o/.2. 195, ^0 zzo.Situation^ Difcovety and Sett lenient , 195. Climate^ Soil and ProduS^ 195, 196. Jnimalsy ib. to 205. a Hurricane, ib. Number s^ 204. Mortality, ib. forces raised thercy 205,114. a Hurricane, 215, ^een Anne $ro' ■ £liim'd,ii6, takenhy the French, 2 17, 2 18. a Hurricane,i]), Lijl of Deputy Governour, Council, and~other Officers, 219, Newcaftle Town in Penfylvania defer iFd, Vol. i. i$5, 178. Newcaftle County in Penfyhrania defer ih*d, 178. New-England, Vol. i. from 2$, to 116, its Difcovery, 1$: firfi Proprietors, 26. nam*d hy'Capt. Smith, 27. whofirfi fetiVd there, 28,29. King James 'f large Pattent, li* firfi parrel with the Natives, l^. Wars, 40, 4i< Divifions there, ^i. People hinder'd from going thither, 42. Colo- nies there united, 44. Church Government fettled, ib. Trade, ib. fever al Perfons return to England, 46. go from England thither, 49. very populouSj ibid. War with the Indians, 49, to S^, kiTdhy them,ih, worft them, 5^, to $9. Liberties taken away, 61. War with the Indians ireaks out again, at the Injligation of the French ani their Ahettors, ibid, a Revolution there, 62. a new Charter granted them hy King William, ih. Wars with Indians Ani French, 6;. the Charge and Misfortune of Sir William Phips'x Expedition againfi Quebec, 67. fever e againjl Witches, 68, 69. Indian War, ib. dijlrefsd, 71, 72. Peace, 73. War renew'd, ib. Peace, 78. the Ex- tent, Climate and Soil of the Country, 79, 80. Divifion, 8i* Geographical Defcription, 91. Fifi, ib. Beafls, 91, fowl, 9^. Grain, ib* Fruit Trees, 95. Rarities, 96. Trade^ ib> Advantage of it, ib. an Account of the Indi- ans there, 98, 99. what Profejfion tJte jirfi Inhabitants, 104, 10$. Religion there, ib. Civil Governmeni and Numbers,io6. way of livir^e, lb. Accademy, 107, to 115. Governour and Council of New-Hampihire, 1 16» Kewfoundland, Vol, i. i, to 19. its Figure, i. Lati- tude, ib. Difcovery, ib. firji Proprietors, 3. Settlements there, 7, 8. Qimate and Way of Livings 9. Soil, 10. Trees, ii* Beajls, Fijb, and Trade, 12, 13. Indians, 14* Wars between the French and Englijb, 16. JJewhaveii Cotony in New-England fettVd, Vol. i, 39. joiii'd to Connedttcut, 49. County defcrib*d, 90. N€w-Jcrfey, /row 134, to 148. firjl Planters, 1J4. Na- tives, ib. Proprietaries, 135. Bounds, ib. divided into two Provinces, 142. /w Eall-New-Jerfey /mi Weft-New* ]erfey. T}ade and Soil, 1^0, 141. )fr^ Englifli /n/Ai/^/- tants, 143. i? %U Jownie- fcrih'd^ 85. P. PAlax)Iogus of Barbadoes his frctended Defcfntf Vb). z. III. VAtaTreein Bermudas, Account of. Vol. }• J7$* Palm Tree in Barbadoej defcrib^d^ Vol. 2. 91. Palmer ff^onn defcrih% Vol. z. zoi. Palmeto Royal Tree in Barbadoes defcrik% Vo). z. gd^ Paneel iSV<^^)\r, vhat they are, Vol. z. 143, 146* Papa Tree in Barbadoes dtfcriVd, Vol. z. 93. Park CoL made Governour of the Leward Illands, yol, z. 187. Parrot Fijb in Barbadoes defcrih*d^ Vol. z. ipp* in Antego, 179. Palfage Town in Jamaica defiroy*i by an Earth^uake^ Vol.z. Z93- defcrib*df 318. Pear Prickled in Barbadoes defcrtb^d. Vol. z. 9$. in Ber- mudas defcriVdi Vol. z. 37J. Pembroke William Earl of, an Jdventurpr to Barbadoes, P^ol. z. Z5.. Pemlico, a Bird in Bermudas fo calVd, Vol. z. n6' Ten General fent to Hifpaniola, Vol. z. z68. Pen William, £/jj frocures tht Grant jof Penfylvajiia, VoL I. 149. his Civility to the Indians , K54. goes thi- ther, 166, treats with the Indians, 167. His GovernmeMti i68, 169. vindicates him felf fr on the Charge of (i Jefpit, 169. leaves the Place^ 171. Government taken from hint, 171. goes thither ^again, 17?. his Troubles, 174. Pcnsberj.y mi Penfylvania defer ih*d. Vol 1. 176- Peofylvania. Vol. i, framing to iSi, Boundf, 150. J?/- t«x, ibid. Geographical Defcription, I5r, 153, /o 156. Climate and Soil^ ibid. Rivers, Trees, Fruits and Corn, 157. Beajlj, Fijb, and Fowl, 158- Hants And Flowtrs, 159. Indians, ibid. 160. Dutch an^/ Swedes r/;^^ 164, 165. their Charaher, 165. Fir)? Mventwers and Settlement, 165, 166. Encreafe, 170. Goo4( /brw «/ Covernment, ibid. />ow alter d, 171. Fa^ions there, 171, 17}, 174. What Country properly fo €all% ibid. 175,176. Length and Breadth, 175. Counties, hofpgo- r«wV, 179. in/;^^//rt«rj, ibid. 180. Mines and Trade, ibid. Li// of Governour, Council, and other Officers, |8l, 182. Pepper ^e^, rA« P/rtw/ in Barbadoes defcrib'd, Vol. z. 97- Pepper !»« iw Jamaica defctih'd. Vol. z. 3 jr. Perth The J jgp Ey. FPjf^i AlJibfflr Cf<&' in E^A-New-Jerfey dc/frii'd. Vol. |. M7- IPpfcatt^yray ?> Neyr-England/f«/f»>i^// fe/fl' ff^ Sfeeeh to the Memhly, 68. futs an End to Witch'hwning, 69. than^dby ^een Mary, ii>id. His Bf^th, ibid, marphes againjf tbelndianSf 72* huilds Forts^ 72-, 75* /(fwi /or *o England, 76. Ph^p Thomas, Ef^i vnide Governour of Port Nelfon in Hudfon^i Bay, Vol, i. 409. Phyfick-Nut Tree in Barbad6es defcrih'df Vol. i. 9a Piemento Tr^e }n Jat^aica % Vol. i. 199 , Pine Tree in Barbadoes defcrih'd. Vol. z. 98, 99. Plantiue Tree ip Barb^does defcribd. Vol. z. 97. Plimouth Co/ow^ in New-England fettled^ Vol. i. 50. Cbtfrch founde4 there^ 54. Town furfriz'd by the Indians, 55. Pfovi}ice dpfcriFd, ^6, to 88. Town and County, ^7- Ppcahonta, an in^/i^w Pripcefs in Virginia, /^^r Kindnefs to C4/. Smith, Vol.1. Z15, ii<^» 1*7- jlolen hy Sir Sim. Argal, zji. ChriJIen'd, ibid, and marry*d to Mr. l^oKe, ibid. wr^^V ;o England, zjz. //ifr Treatment at Court, and Behaviour, zj?. Her Vojlerity in Virginia, ibid. Her Death in England, ibid. Pomgl^uate Tret in Barbadoes defcriFd, Vol. z. 9J. Poplar of Maryland defctib^d. Vol. i. 106. Poi)ham Lord Chief ^ujlicc, one of the fi>Jl Jdvemwcrs to New-England, Vol. i* z6. Od 4 Fop- The INDEX. Popham Capt, George, one of the firfi Proprietors o/New England, VoLi-i6. His Voyage tbitJiett ihld. Fopifh Prieji marries a Frotefiant Gentlewoman, and turns Protejiant at St, Chriflophers, Vol, z. z6o, z6i. Poppet Strowlers in Barbadoes, Vol. z. 127. poit Royal in New-Scotland taken hy Sir William Phipsj Vol. I. zz. Port Royal River in Carolina fettled upon, Vol. 1.335. Its Situation and Convenience, 375. Port Rc7, ibid, fiifi Proprietaries, ^^Sf* Numhers, IS7, defcrtcd, 360. prefent Proprietaries, ibid, Pfalms of David tranjlated in New- England, Vol. t, 107. pointed time, 10;/. an ill Performance, io8, no. , CL QUanenchct, King of tht Narragantfetts, taken hy the ^ Englifh, Vol. i. >8. i^Ai.y Robert, £fq\ a Memher cf the Council in four Pro- vinces, Vol. I. 148. Secretary 0/ Carolina, 340. Go^ . vernour of the Province, 341. Quebeck The INDEX. Odebeck attacVd hy Sir William phips; r»I. i. 66. 67. TJ AdclifFe Caft. Prejident of Virginia, Vol, i. 222. iU Jtx, Managementf 227. Radifon Jflonjieur fettles at HudfonV Bay for the Englifb, Vol. I. 385- His Treachery f A02, Radnor 2tt Penfylvania ^fe/mW, Vol. x. 1^4. Rambo, aFiJbJ\caWit defcriVd, Vol. 2. 177. Rat P/aj»e fn Bermudas, Vol. 2. 366> Rawleigh Sir Walter difcovers Virginia *y his Servants^ Vol. I. 210. faidtogo himfelff 214. Rawlins William, Efq^ eolleas the Laws of Barbadoes, Vol 2. 71. Raymond CoU fiot to Death at Jamaica, and why^ Vol. z. 273. Reading in New-England, defcriFdy Vol. i. 84. (Rich Mr, Governour of St* Chriftophers, Vol. 2. 225. Richmond County in Virginia, Vol. i. 275. Right ofPoffeffion the Europeans, in the American Continent and Ifles, Vol. 2. 172. Robinfon Mr, John, the Occafion of the firjl Settlement at New-England, Vol, i. 28. Roenoke IJland, tJie firfl Land made by tfje Adventurers to Virginia, Vol. i. 211, 21 j, 214, 215. Rogers Mr, John, chofen Prejident of Harvard College in Kew-Englandf Vol. i. iir. Rolfc Mr. of Virginia marries the Indian Princefs Poca- honta. Vol. i. 231. caU'd in ^eftion for it, 233, Roquet an Jnimal defcrib*d. Vol. 2. 227. Roxbury in New-England built. Vol. i. 37. defcrih*d^ 86. Rum how made, 143. its Virtues, 152. Rupert'* River in HudfonV Bay firjl fittled upon. Vol. 1. • 384, 387. Chief Settlement removed to Albany River, 403. Fort there taken by the French, 405. Ruflel Col. Francis made Governour of Barbadoes, Vol, 2. 64. Hit Male Jdminijlration, 66. Ruffel Sir James, Deputy Governour of Nevis, Vol, 1. 204. I & fllf INDgX. s. ST. AndrewV Parijb in Barbadoes defcriPd, VoL 2. gg, St, Andrew'* Parijb in ]amzic3i defcrib*d. Vol. i, J17. ^t. Aane*; Parijb jt^ Jaipi^ica d^fcrjb'd, Vol. z. jzo, St. Bartholomew'; ij?^ni taken by Sir Tiinothy ThornhiU, f^plf i. ^05, /fi zq3. jiGpv'erno^rfor fbe Eriglifi ibm, 258. St. Chriflpp)3er§, Tfl/. 2. 2^0, tp 262. diftovgr'L 220. Englift Seftlenurit, 221, french, 7^;^Jly by tj^t French, 248L recovered by the Engliio, 250, to 2S6. fltfida. drfvf^ (mP agdfn, 2^0. flurid^fd by t¥ fVr^\it 261. Lift of Deputy Governaurt Council^ ana other Qj^cers, i6i, i/limJlff^s i^id. Numbers owffted, ^6000 '^Is. St. Pivj^V Par(/^ i« Jwj^^c^ '^f/J^rf^V, Vol. ^ jij, }i6. §f, DpfotJjyV Pfri^ ;w JiiJp?ica de/eriyd. V<4. *• 5^9 St. Elizabeth Parf/^ in Jamaica dejcri1f\ Vol. 2. 3^9. ?7;» 37i^ S73' St. Jago de ia Vega in \ms^C9- W^ YoU 2. 267. idbrW9*3ib«r Cpltt^bjy? mie Puhf of ft, \hid. pluuder'd bv &V A!*luwy S^lh J*5id. ^^ Q/. J^kfop, ^JB. f II Barbadoes s of CvoUna, i&w Chflr^Ser^ Vol. i. 3.58. Sicw.ee Btver in Carolina fettled uppti. Vol. i. 34.5. SieymQUiT Cp/. William tnfldefSqverjtou^ of Maryla,n(), ^p/;. i. 196. Shaftsbury Earl of, draws up the Charter for Carolina, Vol. I. gjz. Shark M//e/a^V, Vol.2. 177. Shirley 5/r Anthoiw^/un^/ey* Jamaica, Vpl. z. Z67. Skeyne Alexander^ Efq; ni^de Secretary, of ]^i]mjx^, Vei'i. 71. Silvefler Conflans, Efq-^ of Barbadoes, coUeSs the Laws, Vol. z. zp. Slaughter Col. made Governcur of New- York, Vol. i. iij, bangs Col, Lefley, his Competitor ^ ibid. Smith Capt, Jdhn, his Voyage to New-England, Vol.i. z7, tmploy'd hy the Virginia Company^ ill. ill w% zzz. HisASion^f zzj. taken hy the IndianSy ZZ4. chofen Pre- Jident, zzj. His Adventures^ 226. returns to England, »i7- Smith The INDEX. Smith Thomas, £/>; made Governour af Carolina, Vol i. 341. His Cbaraaer, ibid* Soap Trtfe in Jamaica i(r/ai^V, Vol. £. 333. Soldier, a Reptile fo called, defcrih'dy Vol. z, 199, Sommers Sir George made Deputy Governour of Virginia, Vol. I. ^^(>^ difcovers Bermudas, ihid. His Adventures there. Vol z- 362, & feq; Song an Indian, vith Notes^ Vol. i. Z4. Southwell Mr. Governour 0/ Carolina, VoL i. 342. Sowr Ibp »n Jamaica defer i^d. Vol. z. 338, Spencer JIfr. wfl/. fci'i/x a gygantick Indian in jingle Combat^ Vol. I. 33. Stapleton Sir William made Governour of the Leward lilands, VoUz. 248. Starving Tim at Virginia, vhen. Vol. 1. 228. Stede Mr,. Edwyn made Deputy Governour\ of Barbadoes, Vol, 2. 47. removes to England, 50. Knighted^ 59, Stone Capt, kiO'd by the Indians, Vol. i. 40. Stoughton William, Efq\ Deputy Governour of New-Eng- land, Vol, I. 75, to 78. builds a College in the Univerfty there, 112. Suffolk County in New-England defcriVd, Vol. %. 84, 8j, 86, Sugar when firfi made in Barbadoes, VoL i. 8, 9. a grievovs Tax upon it, 4 J, 46. Hovf Canes planted, 136, 137, 138. hov made, lift, to 145. bow clay% 146, how refin'd, ib. 147, 148. of its Goodnefs, isi. and Virtues, i%z, of Jamaica, 32$. Surry County in Virginia defcriVd, Vol. i, 272. gurrinam Colony abandon d by the Engliih, Vol. 2. ^8r. gurroquois, wheye they dwelt^ Vol. i. 23, giiffex Couwfv ?» Penfylvania defer ib'd. Vol. 1. 15 J, sword Fi/h aefcrib'd. Vol- 2, 179. T. the INDEX. T. TAlbot County i'}»Maryland, Vol. u lot. Tamarine Tree in Barbadoes, Vol* z. 91. Thomas Sir Dalby his OhjeSionto the New-England Trait anfwer*dy Vol. 1. 97, 98. correHed, Vol. 2. 10. hit Monopoly Projeltf 47. correHei^no, Thornhill Sir Timotny of Barbadoes profecuted hy Mr* Stede, Deputy Govemour^ and why^ Vol. z. 49, jo. fin'dj 50. his Expedition againji the French, 50, Ji, his JSionSf i8z, 183. his Anions at St. Bartholomews, zo$,zo6, Z07, zo8. at /S/. Martins Z09, toiii. at St» Chriflophers, Z50, to z%6. Tobacco jirjl brought into England, Vol. i. ?- 1 t.fevere Tax upon itf 263. hot» madCf 508,309, 310. of Jamaica, HI- Tortoife, the Fijb fo calf d, an Account of it. Vol. z. 337, 338. Towns Dr. his Report of the Negroes Blood correSed, Vol.z. ^ izj. Treacle Ijow madty Vol. z. ijz. Treal Mr. thofen Govermwnpf MafTachufets, Vol i. 59. Trot Nicholas, is/jj viade Governour 0/ Providence, Vol-i* 35S. Tryon Mr. Thomas, his RefieSions on the Education of the routhof Barbadoes, Vol- z. 138. on refined Sugars, 149, i$o. Tucker Capt. Daniel made Governour 0/ Bermudas, Vol. z, l66. Tufton Col, made Governour of Barbadoes^ Voh i. Z4. /hot to Death, ib. Tulip Trees in Maryland, Vol. i. zo6. Tyget flying defcribd. Vol, z. zoo. Tylon Col. Jhot to Death at Jamaicia, and why. Vol. z. ^73. . ^ V. VAne iS'/r Henry, Jun. Governour of New-England, Vol I/. 43. Vaughan John Lord made Governour of Jamaica, Vol z. Z78. Venables General his Misfortune at Hirpaniola,ro/.z.z68, itlCondu^, Z69. Venner, the Fifth Monarchijl, mutinuous in New-England, Vol. I. 47. Verazzan John faid to he thefirjl Difcoverer 0/ Virginia and Florida, Vol. i. 109. Vcre The i N D E X; Vere Parijb a» Jamaica iefctiViy Vol. i. j 19. Vineyards in Virginia, Vol. u 506. Virginia /roM £Op, /o 324. its firft Extent, lo^g hvuhom difcover'dy ib. 210. /o eaWihy ^en Elizabeth, zii. j^ft Coldn;^ zi). thiir Difirtfii 214. fuotid Settlemnt^ ti$A deftrofdf ibid, third Stttlemnt, ibid. Oavernmnt formed, 210. the Colottjf Uave tU Place, anul are never lieard d/« 2i7« ««» Undertakers, 220. jJr^ Patient^ 22i« iini Coion> /£^f /0^^''4) ib. irkn, 22 j. /tir/j&«r £ir/- ilements^ 225. 7» a Aiferahle Condition, 227, 228^229. iV»/on« of ^ality OMcers there, ib. /i&« Cb/onjr I'l^in /o thrive, 230, 2 J I- Churches built, ibid, /ijf Anemhh, z%%. and Courts, 236. //^^ Indians majfacre theZti^ito, 3^37. /]|gw/«, &i/, •//''0 Ji} St, t I |jfev{t^ J. i t, ■ m .-■ TTljv.,, if WilHams CW. IwKrlana made Defltty Govermurcf Anttg Vol i.i8*. ViUlateidadt ifi Maryland iu^, Vol. i. mt, Williamftadt f« Vixffmz huUt^ Vol. i. 161. ietirm " 27?. College thirty ?6i. joi, gc^, 513. WiUoughb^ of Palliain 1; rands LorJL 2. 300, ro'joi.^ Wilton i« Carolina defcrib*L Vol. r. 374, WihdMiff his Death, 59* Winchrop John, Efa^ Governour of MzHCaslhutU Colony, Vol. I. 36. offos^d by Mr, Dudley, 41. ir^Wfli a Crir minal, 45, bis Death, 47. , • Winrhrop John, Jun, Efa\ Governour 0/ Connefticut, Vol, I. 38. of Newhaven Cb/owy, 39. his GtaraBer, 461 Co- vernoiur of ConneAicut and ^Tewhaven Coldtf;/, 49.* hit Death, 59* Witches frofe^ted in New-EhgUnd, ^o/.i. 68, ft feq. Wood jtnt'i%'BiiT\ik&6cs'de[ttrb:d^ .Voj.^^ fo8» Wood /ron lr« Ai* Barbadoes de^criib'd,, Vd, i:. 96. Wren Cap,, his 4^ions in the Weit-indics, Vol.'i,^6, ft feq. Wright Commicir}t, his 4 (Soyvba^ ,1tii'/:£e W«a-Ii^dies, Vol, l,S^ii6* fenthomeR':fonfr,ibi Y. YArdly Capt. George made Dep. Governour 0/ Virginia, VoL I.1J2. his Negligence, i}}. Knighted, ib. chief Governour, ib. Yarico, a Charibbean Maid^ her Stor^yVo\,i. 15, itf. Y«oman$ A'/r John made Governour g/ Carolina, Ko/. i. 3j5» York i» New-England taken iind plunder 'd by the Indians, Vol, r. 71. York County in Virginia defcriVd, Vol, 1. 173. River de- fcrib'd, 174, 177- FINIS. '■K ^Anteg wneur of iaibadoes, 148. VoU.1%, iHifpanir m ,# .:m f:; ■*: il9»t4o; 1. 174. 11. in IJew- dafffltoiC, Decs, 50. icut, To/. ,4^190- i 49.' W' ft feq. 6. 5, ft feq. ies, Ko/. Virginia, ib. chief (. 1. 3}tf" Indians, liver de- « «