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Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent 6tre film«s A des taux da reduction diff«rents. Lorsque le document ost trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich«, 11 est film6 d partir de Tangle supArleur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut an bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaira. Les diagrammes suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 \ iO R^ , I ^ O ^ TRADE QUESTION! What is m matter ? wiiat the Remeny ? AN ADDKKSi liY Mr. George C. Gibbons, Q.C, OF LONDON. Is there anything wrong with the Government of this country and its trade relations, or is the country in itself defective ? Ontario is admittedly as fertile as if not more productive than any State in the Union. Our timber is in bountiful supply and most excellent in quality. Our fisheries are the best on both coasts, Atlantic and Pacific. Nova Scotia ajid British Columbia abound in coal. Our other minerals are comparatively easy of access and most valuable. Our waterways are of the best, and we have spent lavishly on their im- provement. Wat<°' power is plentiful and unsurpassed. We have an immense territory open to settlement with free lands. We have had the benefit during the past decade of the expenditure of immense sums of money in railroad building and other efforts to secure popu- lation and trade. And >et in ten years our increase of population in Ontario, Quebec and the Maritime Provinces is less by 100,000 than the increase t^ the one State of Michigan adjoining and is' not half the increase in several of the other States. INCREASE IN TEN YEARS. New York 898,000 Pennsylvania 966,000 Nebraska 604 000 Minnesota 520,000 Ohio 468,000 Michigan ..453,000 Massachusetts 450,000 Kansas 427,000 Washington State 350,000 California 340,000 Ontario 186,000 Quebec 129,000 Manitoba, the North! west and British [178,000 Columbia j NovaScctia,NewBruns- 1 wick and Prince Ed-|- 10,209 ward Island | asj.'isij Compare Free Trade New South Wales with Pamri, ck u onlv iTfifi T„ Q *^' T^«y ''ave increased 60 per cent we «?n,o« " 'l^'^ °"' "P""" «^^re $89,800000- in ,88, 4>iOi, 000,000 ■ in iSnn t/^A«.„ • f y>"*'">"'-'" , in 1082, $128000000- in ,88,%:. ^^^•'•*9' .'" '^74 our imports were ^d...on Po« Office Saving, Ba„fi i'^/X, X tas^L^s 1^ rrpacino tr , iT l "°^ "° *° ^^'' ^im that deposits are in creasmg. He knows that certain people accumulate wealth in Si \i QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY LIBRAW £ countries— that money grows upon itself— that Ireland has double the amount on deposit that we have, as has the one city of Boston.* He knows, too, that money goes into savings banks and accumulates there often the faster because there is no means of employing it to advantage in business. All the moneys in savings banks in this country are taken in for the purpose of being loaned out again. The borrowing capacity has kept pace with the deposits and added millions have had to be imported year by year by our savings societies to supply the demand. From i860 to 1875 the country was prosperous. The producer «ot large prices for all he had to sell, and under a 15 per cent, tariff be bought cheaply. His neighbor in the United States sold at high prices too— prices made abnormally high by the war and the infla- tion that followed — but he did not save money as the Canadian did because the purchasing power of his money was less. He paid enormous prices for what he had to buy and the result left him nothing. The position in 189 1 has become reversed. The American farmer has the advantage of better prices in the home market and an equal chance in the foreign, and he is buying cheaper the manufac- tured goods he requires. All business is carried on for the profit there is in it. The price he gets for what he sells and the cost of what he has to buy determines the question whether the producer has any surplus left to accumulate or with which to pay what he owes. The price of practically everything produced in Canada is fixed by a foreign demand. No Government can give the farmer a cent a bushel more for his grain or a fraction of a cent more per pound for his cattle or cheese, save by facilitating its transportation to the market which fixes its value. They can and do depreciate the pur- chasing power of what he sells by making him pay a higher price for the goods he purchases in exchange. Sometimes the Government get that higher price in the shape of duty on imported goods. In others they force him to pay it to the protected manufacturer by pre- venting him from buying in the cheaper market through prohibitory duties. The value of our cattle, cheese and wheat, is fixed at Liverpool. The value of our barley, hay, beans, horses, poultry and eggs, is fixed in the United States, as is the value of our sawn lumber, our fish, and many other commodities. Whatever we have a surplus of —is of the value fixed by an export demand. Our corn and hogs are governed by a local demand because we do not and cannot profitably produce enough to supply our own market. The cheaper the freight to Great Britain or the United States the more the buyer there can afford to pay and does pay our producer for his goods. Every shilling taken off the freight upon cattle to England brings the • The deposits on October 4th, i888, in the National Banks of the United States were $'.406,455,323 In State Banki, Savings Societies, etc a, i27,cx}i,348 Even here the comparison is greatly to our disadvantage. $3,533 456,671 a'b,nV;:.;KS^^^ more va.u. no country has been more livfs S J*' "PP"^»l>'e «« freight, and means of access to and fr^,;' ou market 'b:"!l^'r""« '° P'^^'^^ . But what difference doos if n^t . ^ "'' ^"'^ ^^ter between the producer aSdlS 'mar etw^T *=*". ^''^ ^''^^'-''o.v •s fixed or the obstruction he n^eN w.rK • V ■ ^ ''«'"« °f ^is goods he has bought in that market Po;"" u ^""^'"K ^^"^^ 'he goods tunnels have cheapened trTsS.rL- ,'"''*' *^«*' '^at bridges and ■fit costs twenty «reiBh?s .^ fh^ k '°" ""^'^^e" "sand our neiehbo^ streams? The We fem armer t^T f ^"'^ "''" '« cros??hes" on his wheat and catSe for the fi'rS^ k'PP^'? '^^ ''^^^'^ fre gh s advantage of larger farms than n,L u!"^ "1"''^^ ^ut he has the Southwest he can and d^es rSse in imT^ '°' '"'^ ''«'«• '" he cheaply corn to feed his cattle ^^""^ quantities and very .hoseof^Tn'l^o^a'rndT^^^^^^^^ as it is teaching wheat It has not until the present L \^^P^"d too much upon crop for many years. If SeSt Brhlin Stn k"'" " "^'^ P^^fi'K far, at least, all the evidence is thaJwi ^^ °"' ""'^ "market, so Zt""i' f "'" «"*^ cheese ?Vheatandc.nl".'' """^^"^ ^^'^^'^^ to which there is the most comocS on hf ^ ^'^ J"^* the things i,» ^''^g^^^t/^PlesofthebSSX Wcs? ^'"^^ ^^ese, with cornf are No doubt if Wesfprn n„» • ranches they would bfhTgh'^^'rcr^^^^^^^^^ '"\° ''«^^-' ™™ense conditions, but it would be at the Ivi to climate and natural rum of the Province. The ra* sin/of S'^ of population and the man can care for severaf Efed ,?i ^ '"l"'''^'' ^^^^ ^'^"ds. One help. The reduction of popuSninm? *'th comparatively littie owing now to this cause In neaH '. ™*"yof the counties is largely well to do farmers who buy ud thel'Jf ""^ I'^V'^^P there are a few them to full maturity and finl^h^L,^ ^ "V^"'^^ "^o cannot hold everen:arging farms' ThLe men Tre..'^' T''" °'^ ^^^'^^ -"d The cheese factory will always be a orofit^hl. "^^' "'"'^'"8 ™oney. But"th';7' '"^ ^^/°^'''''^««'eiSdeS5ent'offc" ^° '^' CanJ- But the farmer of Ontario cannot turn h;f?! i -^^ American market. Z,^' ^.«P,«"d "Pon wheat no? t^poTthese ?w '"'° 'l"^'^^^' »«'ther farming is his hope, and the mnrX '5° combined. Mixed other than these Lple" as a rufethe £?tr"?f t'T'^ '° P'°d"cts crop has paid better in Canada thin bafliv- "'!^' ^^ ^'^ P™«t. No would pay better now had we the a Ji^ '" ^^^" ^""^ ^y- None * 's in the 30 cents a bushel which ou^fn"'" u''"^"' ^"t the profit to freight to get his grain To OsZo'^Tolit£/' '''' '" ''<^d^''°" that as a rule the consumer Dave: tK«^\ Political economists e«ree fons to the rule is evidem. ^iCthe^Ame"' '""V"''' "« ^''"P 3o cents a bushel more for his ba lev ofthTf""" ^"T'' ''« getting be seen by reading the markS renoi r'™^/'^^^ '^ ^^'^^^'y to governed by the supl,ly at O wego or^Buffab"' ^'^^ ^""^ ^"'' '* more valu freight, and g to provide er obstructioi* ' his goods the goods •■idges and r neighbors ross these er freights - has the e. In the and veiy s teaching inch upon profitable market, so selves to things in :orn, are immense natural and the ds. One !ly little s largely e a few ot hold ge and money. ■ Cana- iiarket. neither Mixed oducts t. No None profit Idition sgree Jxcep- etting rly to ice is Now whoever wants to send barley to the Oswego or Buflalo mar- ket has to pay whatever is necessary to get his grain there before he can get the price of that market. If that is freight well and good, but if it is freight f.nd duty then he has to pay these both, and it does not add a unit to the value of hio barley that it has cost him that much more to deliver it. Mr. Carling in speaking at Newmarket said that the Americans produce now all the barley they require and they did not need ours. On the same day that his speech was reported in the Empire news- paper the market reports of that journal showed that 138,000 bushels of Canadian barley were delivered the previous day at Oswego. These reports show every day that the tworowed barley for the British market is worth 30 cents a bushel less than the six rowed is worth in Buffalo. Our farmers must cease to raise barley, except for home consumption, or else raise what is at best an uncertain crop, the two-rowed variety, at a much smaller profit for the British market. Mr. Carling is right. The Americans can raise r.ll the barley they require, but does he not see that they would not raise it if the Canadian were allowed to bring in his grain free. Ontario is pecu- liarly well adapted for its production and would always have the advantage with a free market. We could raise and sell at a good profit when lands not as suited could not produce in competition. But if we are to raise less barley because we cannot raise at a profit under present conditions, why not raise more horses ? Great Britain only imports 20,000 horses all told a year, while we sent before the McKinley Bill 18,000 to 20,000 a year to the United States. The States can produce all the horses they require themselves, but if Canada could compete in the New ''ork market on even terms she would have the advantage of i\^ >; ' over the Western States, and could and would largely supply the iemand at a good profit to herself. The New York buyer does not go to Iowa or Illinois for what he can buy as well in Ontario. He as a business man does not care where the horse is raised. It is worth so much to him in New York. The freight from Michigan or Kansas and the added expense of the buyer is taken off the price paid by him for horses purchased in these States. The Michigan man gets more for his horse because the freight is less than from Kansas, but both have now a great advantage over the Canadian farmer, who has to pay more to get one horse to New York with his $30 a head duty than it would cost the Kansas man to take three.* The profit to the Canadian is all gone in that $30 a head ad- We sent to Great Britain in the first ten months of this year 904 horses but brought from there 1,217. We have always bought more horses ffom them than we have sold to them. Their smali demand u supplied now by Holland, Denmark, Belgium, Germany and France, and they export more in value than they impoti. .. . o flitional cost to him Ho ^ 75 cents a head on ambr "^^Tn'' i^""'' » P"""^ °"^o° and del,ve„nga„d .here is noo"Win rS.'„%'",,'''''J'''*"°"»l?<»> .f Americans can raise ail of ih,.. .k- ? '° "" •"'houi a prolii Th. iSw"r ^'""^ "-oulci af,Vte '"»■ ">e, require, E„ ii,?".' tha gave a good proHt. wh iJe TncTlht •^'" ^^ y"^^"-' «"d at a p ce for congratulation t we aT ?. ^'^T '°''""'' '"at it is a matter rect, does it not prove ^i) thnt fU \ ^^^»me them both to be mr profitable market%nd tlat 'n pa^ ^0?'/"'"^^ ^"^^ better anSVore *e aJr^T„r:fnytT„XtuS'",r' ^' "-*"' P^V by. The holdings will increase as fhr„?"'"™"''""»lo diminish counliT assume more and more. hi. f"""""" decreases, and he « the faimer handicapped S sellh^^ ^''"'I "' ™"« ""'he sj ' the American Knglisli mar. average sale ao per cent, e 40 cents a nd on poultry, >s to preclude profit. The effect of the on wool and ional cost of » profit. The but with a rantage over good prices can produce Jnder a free d at a price e duty of 5 is a matter ■ American increasing evious ten :reased an increased to be cor- and more ur people t the Mc- 3w supply "arm with :rtain re- ven. demand* imerican 5 pay by. iminish. »nd the he. So is quite »f what tinuing. e iarge profits of previous years, were ready for any remedy. 'loo impatient to let matters right themselves, as they would speedily have done here as elsewhere, they were tempted to adopt a policy that they were told and were led to believe meant better prices for what they had to sell. They were told that they were to have a " home market," and that the rear market was better than any foreign one could be. But the home market was a myth. The Ministers are now busy pointing .-.cross the sea to foreign shores as our only hope. Mr. Adam Brown tried Jamaica, but has retired in disgust from the worry of it all. The producer did not get his price, the promised home market. The values of his products are fixed by a foreign demand just as much now as they were in 1878. liut he paid his price. It was a condition of giving him this home market that he should pay more for what he bought. The duty on manufactured goods was increased from i7>ij per cent, to anything that the manu- facturer demanded. By that increase the purchasing value of every dollar was depreciated. It was precisely the same in effect as if, to remedy the era of low prices for Canadian produce, a further reduc- tion had been made by legal enactment. The farmer got the very opposite of what he wanted. If the Government could not by enactment give him more for what he had to sell, what irony of fate it was that gave him as a relief the privilege of paying more for what he bought. That was Canada's one gigantic^ almost irrepar- able, blunder. If the Loyalist then had been loyal to Great Britain or her traditions he could not have fallen into this error. If he had stopped to encjuire into the effect of industrial depression in these years in I'ree Trade England and Highly Protected United States he would have seen that it was much more severely felt in the United States than in Great Britain. Prof. Fawcett says : " Throughout the continuance of this de- pression there has h ^n an almost continuous decline of pauperism in England. Her . ;)le purchased an increased quantity of articles of general consumput ^an afford to do tt?^" "^^" ^^^ do. and o mLh'^"^'^ "'«>' P™" produce oullvJ'^p*'^ P'-'-'^r to buy and^^v^''^''^"' "^»"^e ThereTs no M.^'""n ''^^>'havefreetra^^^ P'""*"^^ "'ore scattered Set ^u hTs L' ' V^^"""''^ ^° ^ aSetVf-^^-^!! ^:^^ -^s^t^s-''£ S-^-^ best terms of ,n,'' '" ''"^" quantities over 1 " ''^" distribute at ^ r ■ ! taken by the ^itiitional price » that we have fitable market, ^tithes of his ' of necessity ufacturers are that give no ' and the only ket is through 'trol the man- n. miUs in that business, un- 'f is all along "ng, cannot pd sell more •ng his mar- I'ted States How is it an War has lean farmer Itets, Great 5 cheaper? > 15 to 100 1 'he most they pro- -r than we ither than 'uce more inent hey have )Oo,ooo a those of ' get one- they get a limited 1 having much as •s of one >n short ? of its ibute at I on the has to s could be sold m the neighborhood to justify stores for the purpose, so our manufacturers must in their limited market make many lines, though atmcreased cost of production. No manufacturer in Canada could afTord to make a single line of boots or shoes or even confine himself to a few Imes. If his traveller goes out he must have a full assort- ment or the volume of business would not pay the expense of selling. But if he could go to New York, Chicago, and a dozen other large cites with a few special lines of shoes, if they were suitable and de- sirable— if he had in fact proved himself to be competent in his business— the market would take all he could supply. And it is only to be mentioned that he could afford to supply them for mucti less than if he was making one, two or three hundred lines, and sell- ing through a dozen travelers scattered from the Atlantic to the Pacific. So that after 13 years experience of the N. P. we have not although we have doubled the height of the wall, stopped the flood of American manufactured goods, but on the contrary it is greater than in the years of alleged " slaughter "—1877-8. We are less able to compete with our neighbors now with 35 per cent, protection than we were then with 17)^ per cent. And the trouble is that we are not growing more able to compete but less. Their increase of population IS thirty times ours. The larger the market the cheaper the production of manufactured goods becomes. Some people advocate a gradual reduction of the duties in the belief that our manufacturers could now afford this. It would simply mean slow torture in the vast majority c; instances. Do you know a manufacturer who is prepared to have a reduction of duties unless you can give him the American market ? In a large number of cases today I am told that in spite of tarilTs of 30 to 100 per cer.f in their favor the only advantage in buying goods here rather than import them, IS the difference in favor of the local manufacturer in the freight. It the N. P. is to be our continuous policy it must be upon the plan of a gradual increase of the tariff Time does not increase our strength in this case but enfeebles. No one knows better than do the members of the present Gov- ernment that a gradual reduction of the duties is the last thing the N. P. manufacturers are prepared for, but they know well that on «ie contrary they are importuning for additional aid at all times. The same market that is a necessity to our farmer, our lumberman, our fisherman, the market that would open our mines,* is the one thing thit our legitimate manufacturers want also. Without it natural advantages, cheiper labor and capital are unavailing. Only when fostered by a " combine " and Government protection can it exist. •The production of mineral* in the United States in the year 1887 was *53»iOco,ooo. m 1888 $591,000,000. Thsir annual increase is many times nnr -whole production. The Lachi - Rapids lo I'Kause the rrk« ,hJ ^ "P,""' '«"<"y towns an,? .'f' F ">"' '" ^t'^i^a'iirF*"^--^^^^^^ Mf&^'^. -« »he,e a.^Xtr:c£ef4'»te""' Ce.,^'' Sir™ °^ 0"«™ no. have ,„ " 'ke United aL'S'S''' •" "■« American 1 fe "*? "^.S''' ""'W or cattle lo Enslan?^- S" *"""= »«" WMteH ,„ "? *°"<' 'kra then as tS V. ""''' ^° ^- I MnM K ''""' """^ stead of oneTiTd J'"^''™''!'! have Iwo stS. , ^u"? "P'" to " *o.„::: i;7' ■ "^ "»-s,r.'x^-»- would be depoDuhifpH ^''^ ^ross amount of tr.^""^^^ «^ » would beconie desl. ''^'°^'^ ''""'^ ^^^"^ ^t in h^' ^''^ ^tate comparativeT;Voo?"\?'^« great natural advintLf si"'' '^"^ '^ ourselves fromVrade wS n'" ,°"'" «^^««tages wf 'c^nnSr'^" f"^ of nature, it wa.8 ;.. 'i^P^^P'e W'h whom hL "°' '5°^*^ much better t& . French Canada 'Wf ts the oppor. '. 's to get inta important to us >'npete it would natural advant- 'Jlvysaidin 1878 mufacturing. • She is not as j'es as Montreal lans go there in •ties? Simply nanufacturer of - the labor will es are quite as 'Pefe with the 3ec. pent up in the 1 the enlarged lot remaining than now and Ontario towns 'reduce — the to build up ^e be, lined 1 the world 2 Trade with ''1 the world send wheat as open to eir bow in- the more nately con- t than are • Imagine ' save at a The State St and it gnate and 3t isoUte evidence British »nywhere t^'" Leth- better i& 11 that market that we do a trade of nearly $250,000 a day with them, notwithstanding the obstructions. Shall we do it freely and so in increased volume and with greater profit, or must it continue to decrease in quantity and become still less profitable? If there is any one thing certain it would seem to be that we cannot get reci- procity limited to natural products only ; if we could it would only be a partial benefit. It would help our producers immensely, but it would not enable them to buy manufactured goods much cheaper, and would not add to our manufacturers market save as it would be added to by the benefit done the producer. The thirteen Eastern States surrounding us all manufacture largely in excess of their consumption of manufactured goods. The great agricultural States of the West find in them their best market for large quantities of their produce and in exchange take the product of the factory and mill. ^ in Canada, after all our efforts, import over $60,000,000 worth a ^ .ar of manufactured goods and export less than $4,000,000 worth. The same reason that has made Massa- chusetts grow 450,000 in ten years as against Quebec's 130,000 is the answer. Massachusetts has the market ; we have not. But it is said they have all the factories they want, there would be no room for ours. Not so. They have to build new or add to old factories every three years to an extent equal to our whole manufacturing plant. There is plenty of room and will be more. British capital following the flag would seek Canadian towns and cities, rather than as now go in constant millions into the various States. Germany, Austria and Italy can enter into a commercial alliance without anyone dreaming that they are thereby losing their political independence. Perhaps we cannot get unrestricted re- ciprocity, but we can try. There cannot be an acceptance without a proposal. It is meet and proper that the offer in this case should come from the smaller nation. It is not a matter of vital importance to them. It is I think to us. In private life it would be absurd not to seek so good a business customer. Freedom of trade helps every- body. It will help the United States, but would aid us much more than them. The time is fortuitous. The Democrats of Ohio unani- mously declared in favor of unrestricted reciprocity with us without any protest from the party generally. " Reciprocity " is in the air. It is Mr. Blaine's hobby. See these thiee telegrams clipped from one issue. New York, Dec. 14.— A Washington dispatch to the Tribune says : It is understood the reciprocity negotiations with the sugar- producing colonies of Great Britain in the West Indies, authorized by section 3 of the McKinley Bill, have reached a satisfactory con- clusion in every case except that of Jamacia. The conventions agreed upon to mvolve Trmidad and the Barbadoes, together with those of Demarara, in British Guiana. In case of Jamaica, it is be- lieved the only difficulty is presented by the amount of revenue which that colony is asked to relinquish. a Berlin, Dec u n than ^ ^'^^ trader who «K- "er joining the the ««p„o„ „?';„„',"» '=;;>; farge and gS«L "°»'"'»" Han a Wmdsor, and that E''S? "'? ""■'* chSii? !";''">'■ "« »'« J'''yo„go,K,|',„,™f?ther system in addirioL Tr,?'* "' ""U ;;^ iniaseVpS?^^ ^^^-t wo^Sri" '"-^'"4/ then ,t would proSr °"' '''^ «P'd filClT" ^^Pansion of 'health and pur?Kw '^*''""^- ^'^ our cf nH^,?^ °"'- North-wes? we could do jSwhafth^r'"" ^^^^ «« ^"at as tt?"^, °^ growth n' by way of duty on fm ^^ ^'^ ^O'^g- Out o/.k' °^ °"'" Neighbors onlybeen ableto n^^J'' ^O"^ fSeienro? /^^ '"°"eys received two-thirds of the r PeaV^'^'^^y ^'"t £ iS fiT" ^^^^/^ave not England's ex'po'rttdet ^ J^ "ot '^^ Sva^ 1'^"" '""^' ^8.000,000. ''ome ^300,000,000 ; of th?, h '^^'"'"g ? She sent to the United «^. . • ^ '^"^« "« •united States in 1885. r 1886 -^31,000,000 rp. 1887 37.000,000 ^ hat is to sav ho> • iS«8 ■■ 40,000,000 ■-'^ceeded herVho,:",^^^^^ with fhat co.i ,^^;°°°ooo She sends to /nj^"^^ ^''''^ "« by ^^.000.0^"^'^ " "^'^^ ^^ars To Australasia...;:;-- •;••■••. '^r.ooo.ooo '3! 000,000 nations for a com- from Vienna savs '0 her joining the "■otection is higher o see that a lower consumer than a "nmunity. With \uxuries, he wiJi .t>etroii than in '•om Detroit than n™ that we do s from a country nd freight, ^'ty because we rarily we would lie collection of United States, f We could tem than the « ««>$,? /tftf^/^ expansion of ir North-west, 0' growth in '"r neighbors "eys received ^y have not ■a«, paid off for Govern- ing it is not ship. The and wealth '■gain which ^ut. if it is terest must seeming ? e sends us 5,000 >,000 ',000 ,000 iree years 000 000 13 :!:°5"'"^">' ^.8,000.000 To France 14,000 coo To the Argentine Republic 10,000,000 If we are right as to the results that would follow reiprocity it would benefit Great Britain. Very soon our increased wealth and purchasing power would make us much better customers than we are now. We have a sample of the benefit of unrestricted trade in our great railways. How would the number of employees of the Grand Trunk Canada Pacific, and Michigan Central be thinned out if they had not reciprocity in their particular line of business ? How they each reach out for and seek connections with the great American lines west at Chicago and by way of the Sault. And how all important to them all is the connection of the eastern American seaboard There is no reciprocity of trade on lake or river and as a conse- quence our proportion of the trade there is less each year The Americans are building 1 10,000 tons of new shipping a year to our petty 3,090 tons. So great has their traffic become that their present water-ways are insufficient, and they are seeking a new and belter outlet to the sea. What so natural an outlet as our St. Lawrence? No other can be made so inexpensively to serve the purpose, and none would serve it so well when completed. What would aid the choice of that route so much as "Unrestricted Reciprocity?" These two peoples are bound to be neighbors, and should be friends n"?'^*^ wJ'"S°'^'",' Canadian and American, they are most closely allied. Where are hah the boys of our towns and cities, and the tens of thousands from the country districts ? They are in every city in the United States, east and west. I met them by the score in far off Oregon and California a year ago. They are all in the front ranks of every profession and calling wherever they go. They have not forgotten Canada or lost their love for the land of their birth They were expatriated by the dire necessity of seeking employment elsewhere. I believe that the interests of the country would be best conserved by keeping our young men here. They can't stay unless they get something to do. Is it not much more loyal to provide a market for our people at home than force them to go to the market now denied them ? Reciprocity would give us : 1. Better markets for everybody. 2. Cheaper manufactured goods for our consumers. 3. Development of our mines. 4. Revival of our lake shipping. How can political union be prevented so well as by bringing these results about? How can fealty to ones country be so well shown? It would be the precursor of free trade with Great Britain and the E ighsh speaking world at least, and is our easiest and most practical course to that end. To those who are content with our present condition I cannot appeal, but to those of every class and o« by becoming the S/ ^°"' '^'th by not on. I' ,?»"nent and the most to be ent .? Prosperous part n? a '^ ''^'^^'ng her own will never die ThT^ ■ "nrestnct«>rJ ,„ • views. Join with ,''''h'f°»t'nentand ;yhold,„gherown -nca as she, snow «"" preserve our -.wewilJgroHrand '"«• people, we are reasons that have n tell how long ^"ed commercial ^d of the govern- «/f///ftf results. « 's certain the anufacturer the omplain. and it •^f The pro. ?et unrestricted )pt the general a time, it is « unrestricted »s possible on « upon, but it the first and ' seeking reci- i*. IS a pre- f>ythmg, and d growth of ' some *'reci leeting they to seek by red, and by s dead, it w«il grow, tide than 'g without