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ALSO, SOLE MAMUFACTURERS OF " BLAKE'S " STONE AND ORE BREAKER, WITH PATENTED IMPROVEMENTS, ' ' jlsl^yvttTh' s" (pctte,Ttt Hydrcvalic Lift. AND AQBINT FOR "WATER'S" PERFECT STEAM ENGINE GOVERNOR, And "Heald & Sisco's" Centrifugal Pumps. (Succcsiors to Ives .j* Allen.) IvIA.lvT-OrB'A.CTCJIlEIlS OIF' I. Iff li. 11 Office and Warehouse, fi3 to 125 Queen Street. Illustrated Catalooues and Price Lists Fur. nished on application. Architectural arable ri^encin^ in Use WORK DELIVERED AXD SET PP I.\ ANY PART OF TUE DDMIMON. )||^8eiid for Cuts and Prices,^ ;■ ^ ^ome: industries. 1 %» _ ^ -*ijL'&4i \'/ f J.a .u i a^SaM's fjA^ioNAL 1)oli<;y. '/'!-*in,;? fij, fa ^atbe prtfilnd^ M • \» ^w DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD AND FACTORY. of^ sS Ilea ,!»• %e4ts bn f eabtitg^ ilcmkrs of |litrliau«ut. FREE TRADE JHEORIES «, NATIONAL PROSPERiTT' '4-Hi..'-:i(j,Q i'rjr/Zcs rccewing copies of Ms pamphlet are requcsfej to give tiie.m as umoe a CIRCULATION AS POSSIBLE. Extra copies may he obtained by enclosing 25 centi for single copies, or «1 for 3 copiesito^FubUshen tariff Speeches, Box 305, Ottawa, Ontario. f% ife 7e. I I i MORE POEEIGN TESTIMONY ASTOTHESUPEEI- 0IIIT7 W. BELL d- CO., Gkntlbmen,— I cannot tell what high satisfaction yo ir beautiful Organ has given . The general opinion of our English muHicians in that yours is the neatest and sweetest American Organ made at the price, which has ever been imported into this deaj old country. Kihdly send me two more as early as popsible, just the same, except instead of Basset Horn Stop, let them have Octave Coupler. Youia respectfully, York, England, Dec. 14., 1875. W. B. AFFLECK. The undersigned ore Also Wholesale and Retail Dealers in the CELEBRATED PLWOS MADE BV IIUIET, DAVIS & CO, m H. HARDHAN. ;A1bo, Piano and Organ Stools and Covers. The Pianos, as well as our own instruments, are warranted by us for five years. Call and examine our stoc^k, or iicnd for price list. • VT. Bell & Co., Prize Medal Org an Makers, tinelph. Til ilELFl SlWIIi liGilll 0©. OSBORN A OSBORN A c^-,OSBOE;niT Jl^L After a very heavy expenditure of mortey and time, we are happy to be able to • put on the market the most Ever Oflfert'd the public. It will be seen at all leading Exhibitions, and can be had from any of our numerous agents. Please Examine it. Shuttle, Tension Stitch Regulator are unequalled, for which we have secured Patents in the United states and Canada. ygyThe cheapest First-Class machine in the market. ^©WILKIU & OSBORN. Guelpb, 1876. Mauafsctureni) tiuelph, Ontario, Cauada. ^^l»-f>^^■'• '■'mmmmmm ^■HPipi i) SPEECHES RiaHT HON. SJR JOHN MACDONALD, M.P 88 & 46 MR. MOUSSEAU, M.P .|.T.#i 67 «' THOS. WORKMAN, M.P 28 " MASSON, MP 62 •• CO. COLBY.M.P 69 " A.T.WOOD, M.P 10&17 HON. MR. TUPPER, M.P ...r....: 63 MR. IRVma, M.P 26 " JOjaNMAOIK)NALD,M.P.: 11 & 32 " D. F. JONES.M.P , 18 " PLUMB, M. P ':'... 67 " B. DEVLIN, M.P 36 CMMmim Pmp§jt &Bmpmmy, (MmiiBi,) SUCCESSORS TO A2TaX7S, LOaA2T & Co.. Paper Jflahers anb IJlholesale Stationers, 374, 376 and 378 ST. PAUL STREET, WINDSOR MILLS, P. Q. 9HERBR00KE MILLS, P. Q. ]NAI»^1lNEE. ONTARIO. MANUPACTUREES OP NEWS AND BOOK PAPER Samples and Prices supplied upon aj^plieatioti. ALEX. SMITH, President. W. F. HALL, Business Manager. JAMES WARNOCK & CO. MANUFACTURE ''•''! 'f A ' ^tipefiof dkM^^e ^|)i=ii|^^g^ IN EVERY VARIETY, SUPfiRIOR CHOPPING AXES- SUPiiRIOR BENCH AXES. 'superior BROAD AXES. SUPERIOR CARPENTERS' TOOLS. SUPERIOR COOPERS' TOOLS. SUPERIOR ADZE EYE PICE.S. SUPERIOR ADZE EYE MATTOCKS. SUPERIOR MACHINE KNIVES, {Planer and otJiers.) GALT EDGE-TOOL AND CARRIAGE-SPRING WORKS, OALT, OTVX. f i .1 . ^i.. . •> i^j.'f ' -uf lutjj ^tftbb llw, «*•> ftw .tKitt ,d£iida lit iWteYO'wih i4iiit^(timq^ im^mb'n iH^ Ih^ Unmh iioiJ/ai '^•iav.> M^i avi** .i^ijwi ooiui ogftt^Yfl 'fifj ,Kf>jfcJi:i Jj C>j«r .r. "' ■ A TfAf TONAL p6lI(^Y : THE tf: DUTY Of THfi HOUit *l io In re*prodii<;iiig the speeches on Frotectic^n and Tariff re-adjustment delivered during the rec(?nt Session, of Parliament, the publisher hopes tOp stimulate an apt'ive enquiry upon the part of the public into a question of vital import to every taxpayer in the Dominion. Free Trade theories and Free Trade vagaries are of a character calculated to mislead the masses and prompt them in an evil hour to accept teachings and countenance a policy highly injudicious and fraught with grievou^ danger to the national welfare. Free traders in their speeches, lay special stress upon three axioms: :. IrTijiFirst (1). That Protectioi^ is a monopoly, benefitting the few at the expense of the many; making the rich richer and the poor poorer. f*»t,.;f d|t)M8econd (2). Free Trade is a sound doctrine l^ecanse it propoi^inds the policy that a nation should buy in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest^iiitj Ni . aia i.jii-i;iuj 'jaioit <)jil «i !t>0D«ijmt<# iio The first proposition that •' Protection is a mdnopoly," is' utterly at variance with facts— for there can be no monopolies where no restraint exists. Any manufacturer can build a factory eiid reap the fruits of his induistry. Any farmer can till the soil and produce cereals, and reap the harvest from his broad acres. Such being the case, where is the monopoly ? Again, if Free Trade makes rich men richer and poor men poorer — why for centuries did Protection flourish in Great Britain? Why to-day is Protection a rallying cry in. Russia, the United States, and other countries? Simply because native industries were built up, wages increased, and con- tentment guaranteed under it. Simply because statesmen refuse to be misled by theorists and their fallacies, and because practical experience has proven the wisdom of fostering the industries and products of a nation ; particularly a young nation forced to battle against the aggression of those countries which have already been developed and enriched by such policy. The second proposition, that a nation should sell dear and buy cheap, is as pretty as a rainbow, but fades so soon as the glittering generalities reflected by it are subjected to close scrutiny, iurely those who buy cheap must purchase from nations that sell cheap, and those who sell cheap must be doine^what is in direct opposition to Free Trade ethics! Again, when desirous of selling dear, producers must first discover a nation that is prepared to pay high prices — but as the Free Trade doctri- naires warn nations not to buy dear but cheap, where is the paradise to be discovered in which, tirst, we can sell dear, and next, buy cheap ? The maxim is, buy cheap, sell dear — and yet Free Traders, by their own teach- ings, assert that every nation should sell dear if desirous of prospering — and buy cheap whilst all are vainly struggling to sell dear ! And lastly, we are told that Protection increases prices. How so ? Under the Tariff of 1842, enacted by Protectionists in the United States, the averaf^e price of pig iron in New York, from 1848 to 1846— during which time the annual national production rose from 280,000 tons in 1872 to 765,000 in 1846 — was 128.19 — and under the exclusive -y revenue or Free Trade Tariff* of 1846, the price— from 1847 to 18f7 inclusive— was $28.94, while during the years 1858 to 1856 inclusive — prodaction in 1864 having fallen to 500,000 tons — the price averaged $84.20! Such facts are decidedly inconsistent with tne assertion I hat Protection increases prices; they point in a direction the precise opposite, furnishing convincing evidence of the fallacious character of arguments advanced by Fre« Trade doctrinaires. Protectionists ask no monopoly, crave no monopoly, plead for no State Bonus from the Public Exchequer. They demand that the Government shall levy discriminatory duties on foreign imports, the like of which are produced in the Dominion of Canada, granting no privileges to foreigners that such withhold from Canadians ; only commencing to levy duties on articles produced in the home market after the means of collecting duties on foreign articles imported into the Dominion, and competing with our home products, have been exhausted, or at all events until the full measure of duties placed by foreign imposts upon Canadian productions has been reached and revenue still found insufficient to meet national expenditures. Protection too, is eminently a Farmer's Question, the workers in the Factory being the natural allies of those who develop the Field. In no spirit of ill feeling have these brief prefaratory remarks been appended to tuis volume, the design being to create an interest in a subject that cannot be too often considered, or too closely investigated. The writer cannot but express regret that during the latejdiscussion in the House of Commons, it was manifest that legislators and representatives of the people had given little attention to the great trade questions so vitally important to Canada. In a future volume, the entire question will be discussed from various points of view, aad in the meantime the publisher can but urg 3 the extensive circulation of the accompanying speeches. •^ a e Si rr U: :'^^-i . Bea4 the Oalt Fmndrj Adrertisement.— CAmIbON He Co., MANY OF THE DIFFICULTIES I J \. . V or WHICH MANUFACTURERS COMPLAIN 8K0W OCT Oir TH» .rf^ijmfc 4hitoY^ IGIOUS AYSTEM OF LoNG /^REDIT, ni'iA .:■■ A.VD These naturally lead to ?• - Over "production inva^riauly produces loss. 7 he remedy for these evils is to make sttch gooSs only as will find a ready m,arket, and sell them- for Cash. ^'V^^^^vvw> ■. . ^\< . 1 V-.. 'H>'.'i'^ ' ]o\^ ^ikddoi^kM & Co. to the Canadian Manufacturers with whom they do business- if that was the rule, there would be less "COMMERCIAL DEPRESSION." JOHN MACDONALD & CO., Toronto and Manchester mmmmm OHN '||a€DONALD ...VJ. Are shov^ing an JJnsTX'Olly Loj-ge. cltloL attractive. SiopTt of TKey truvite the, attention of Merchants front ONTARIO, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, QUEBEC, MANITOBA, NOVA SCOTIA, * «0 '^BRITISH COLUMBIA, AND NEW BRUNSWICK, THE IWEST INDIA ISLANDS. Theii' Slock for CoinDleteness is not Snriiassei either in tie Old or New World. I <■» I •j„, i^-hWAi v^ -H.-a'. ''J ■x^:^^;^'. :. They Ewtploy Nq Travellers! •„,...,,-- ,,.,•.■.. Date No G-oods For ward 1 1 Inered^ 'their Tawde . Evei>Y' F0^'«^/// JiETT.:f^ 'pF^DER^ WlJ-L IF^ECEWE THE -{^RE^TE^T ^^TTENIION, AND WILL BE FORWARDED WITH THE UTMOST DISPATCH To any |jcw< of the Dominion, JOHN MACDONALD & CO. Toronto H -in'- ;«i ;. 'iy , .'!' ./. ■■•i''vf •■j't-r,,' r,U!f^-iy i.T'Nr, - - : t' '■'; 1 -•^M .-f.'fit-' ') '^■^ ■", '' it-.' ■' f > -••'"< %■ , .'■'■ '•' .'. ]f no -V -i;i'-^( 1 The speeches gaihered in this pamphlet were delivered during the last Session of Parlianient, between February and April, 1876. In many respects it is to be rexrretted that some of the speakers did not enter more fully into the issues of Protection as opposed to Free Trade. ^However, many v^aluable statistics, and a succession of significant facts were adduced, well worthy of preservation, and of a character to stimulate those who— looking beyond political considerations, are sincerely desirous of fur':hering national progress— have heretofore given the subject attention. i!!!)ey consume, sell more than tiioy buy, as ours do not. We have labour enough standing idle from mont i to month, and anxiously looking for omploymont to make all tlie iron, cloth, wares, &c., for which we are running giddily in debt to foreign capi- talists ; yet our Frce-Trade policy tends -o keep that labour idle and run our country deeper and deeper in debt for tlio fabrics wo ought to pro- duce . Can this bo rlglit ? " I shall not trouble the Itouse anj* further with remarks on this subject. When the question of protection per se, comes up, as I presume it will on tke tai'iff, I think the hon. gentlemen on this side of the House will be prepare^ to discuss it on its merits. V SPEECH BY MR. JOHN MACDONALD, M.P. Mr. MACDONALD (Toronto)— I was a good deal amused, Mr. Speaker, by tho remarks of the hon. member for WoUand. He said this was a House in which the interests of all were to be protecttMl, and yet, in the ^amo breath, he an- nounced himself as a Free-Trader — which means the extinguishment of nil the capital that every manufacturer ha."J invested mi tho country. I intend in tho discussion of this question to keep in my mind simultaneously three thoughts — the manufacturer, the con- sumer, and the levenue, and if I do fair- ness to the one I am bound to do equal fairnees to the other. It is perhaps due to the House that "I should say a word or two as ^the hon. membei- for BothwoU did me the honour to ask me to sit on tho Committee. It is some years since I sat in this House, and I must confess that from last time to this, I have not been reading the debutes, or looking up parlianxentary figures. But cei'tain Blue Books have been placed on the table since I entered the House this time, from which 1 havd collected certain figures and have endeavoured to roach rational conclusions. I find that in 18G8 the imports from all sources amounted to $73,459,644, and five years afterwards those imports had grown to $128,000,000. Is there any cause for enquiry with such an exhibit as that ? If I am rightly informed the increase in the population, as taken in the decen- nial census of 1871, was about 12 per cent. I have here, then, a lap-rdinary one I have ever listened to. I don't know what we have been brought here for if it lo to bo allow- ed by the Government. It is a virtual admission by occupants of the treasury benches that they have not during i-ocess paid that attention to a sul)jeot of grave national importance that we would ex- fieot aud that the country will demand i-oni Her Majesty's Ministers. (Cheers.) I don't know what these honorable gen- tlemen have l)eon doing for the last yeai", or what the Blue Books mean, it they require this information. As a manu- facturer of twenty-five years sianding, I think I may be allowed to make a few remarks with regard to the policy which ha« been brought into this debate, not that I believe this to be the correct time to do so. This discussion should take flace on the Budget, but ginco it has not, may be allowed to say something on the subject. The debate has been forced upon the House by the honorable mem- ber for Both well's motion that a commis- sion be be appointed to tell Ministers what it was their bounden duty to know before meeting this House. This coun- try should have some fixed policy, instead of a tariff which changes from time to time. I do not undei-etand what the rulers of this country have heen about; not only for th« last two.yearb, but for the last twanty years, in not having fixed a tariff to promote our industries. Can you expect capitalises in a land like this, with a comparatively small popu- lation, scattered along the lines or a wuntry ten times as populous, to estab- lish manufactui'ts, when one year the tariff may be twenty and the next fifteen per cent. ? We have heard honorable gentlemen rise in this House and speak for half an hour, and when they sat down we could not toll whether they were free traders or protectionists. It is this incidental protection which has left this country in its present position. It has been said, why should the people of Canada put their hands into their pockets and pay the manufacturere a certain sum of money ? I ask do these gentlemen think the manufacturers are beggars ? Do they see us petitioning this House for relief ? The request comes fl'om the Dominion Board of Trade, not one-third of v/hich is composed of manufacturers; The others are wholesale mwchants, fai'mers, and business men generally ; men free from crotchets and peculikr 'trade views — not mere political econo- mists fouudiag their opinions upon flimsy theories or prejudiced dogmas ; men, in fact, who, Iooki'^;g far into the f\iture and looking back into the past, have arrived at a conclusion founded upon de- liberate and n^atured consideration. The truth is, our interests must all be blended in one. The honorable member for North York says " if a poll were taken *• to-morrow in Ontario and Quebec on u ". this question, the verdict would be in " ^avor of free trade." I believe the result woixld be very different, and that the gontlomon on the treasury bench«8 who are free traders would bo ousted. I represent a farming constitTiency with 25,600 inhabitants, and though the Globe warns those who represent the farmers in this House against declaring them- selves adverse to free trade, I say I am a protectionist, I stand hero to advocate a national policy, and a tariff which will not be changed from year to year, as may be thought necessary by those who favor incidental protection. The man who opposed me in my election, when he saw how the wind blew, trimmed his sails accordingly, and said he was a Pro- teationist; but notwithstanding this policy — of course T say nothing against him personally — I carried the election in a constituency, "which the 6^/066 and other papers in sympathy with it, con- tended was, as containing a farming population, opposed to protection. We must all, however, be blended into one, and iidopt a system which will make all prosperous. It has been said by the hon. member for Both well, that "the protective principals in other countries IS not beneficial," but 1 suppose the hon. member wishes to Ijack down on tlie word "principle." He is a little theor- etical, but what wo need is more practi- ct^l and loss theoretical legislation. I would ask him to glance at the old world in a practical way and he will find that England, under protection, grow to the power, station, and might she has attain- ed, while on the Continent, Prance, under the same principal, has paid an extraordinary indemnity in connection with the Franco-German war. Again, come newer home, and what do we see ? The United States may not be flourish- ing at present, but she has passed through a terrific stuggle in which everything was exhausted; she is endeavoring to come back to a specie basis ; and yet in the fame of all her difficulties, with a high protective tariff in a great many staple articles, she is underselling the whole world beside. As has been so forcibly stated bv' the hon. members for Hamilton and Montreal West, she is doing 80 in cotton, hardware, woollens, and in the staples of iron and steel. I aw, obliged to xme groat deal of steel, wtioh for the past twenty-five years I have puBchased in England, and still I am forc^i to go to the United States for a portion of the steel I require. Jt is an acknowledged fact that great Sheffield manufacturer cannot supply steel and iron at the same price as Americans. One of the oldest of these houses on November 1st, 1875, writes me ; " We " see that American fork steel is now " much reduced in price; in fact, lower " than we can afford to sell it for, at " present," This shows, sir, that though they make a 8ii«cialty of bar steel, and though the houftes have been established for centuries, i t is acknowledged that in connection with such a staple, even Sheffield itself, under the great free trade principles of Groat Britain, the Ameri- cans are able to undersell in a British Colony; and not only is this the case in this article, but in many others, such as iron, cotton, woollen goods, &o. JNow, how do our neighbors manage their affairs? Do not they give every facility for the prosecution of enterprise in their country ? With regard to their bonded system — Mr. MILLS— I what that is ? would like to know Mr. JONES— Yes, possibly the hon- orable member for Bothwell would. I do not believe that ho does know. Under their bonded system they im- port from Sweden and Norway large quantitioB of iron roughly manufactured, upon which a very heavy rate of duty (45 per cent.) may be levied. It is bonded, and may be rolled into sheets, strips, or bars— into any shape required. They lillow thie to be done in bond, when the articles are exported to this or any other ctuntry, utilizing their labor for the benefit of their farmers and the population generally. So with the drawback system. Regarding every article manufactured in the United States, when sent here, the duties levied on tho component parts are returned. I can make a dozen of shovcL as cheaply as they can be turned out in any other country, and I ship them to British Columbia in the face of the San Fran- cis6o market ; and a groat American firm, which makes the enormous quan- tity of four hundred dozen of shovels a day, when they ship them to the Do- ir»ir.lon are paid back the duties receired 1^ (in sack exports, obtaining, in fact, $1 Eor dozen — actually a fair profit. What avo we done during the last twenty years? We have quarrelled among8.t ourselvefl when we snould have looked at the great interests of the country, I do not care what party is in power; so long as they are faithful and true to oujr flag, and so long as they act justly and rightly on the floor of this House, thejj^ shall have my true and loyal support. The people of the Dominion can no longer be blinded by party cries and mis- led by party cries into countenancing wrong-doing or unpatriotic conduct upon the part of any Govern- ment, r»nd the sooner members pf Parliamient fvnd occupants of the Trear suiy Benches were cognizant of this fact the better would it be for the coiui- try. (Applause.) Again, I would asic, Who pays the gi-eat proportion of our duties ? You would imagine that the farmers did so, judging from the re- marks made in this House ; but I con- tend that this is not the fhct : they are not the groat consumers, but the great producers. If they buy luxuries, they must pay for them like other people. They pi'oduce home-made coats, such as I wear hero to-day (applause), and flax, woollens, hides, and everything they require; but they do not pay taxes in proportion to the other sections of the population — the laborers, the mechanics, the merchant princes, the millionaires, &c. If we only build up our manufac- turing industries, and do not shut our eyes to the fact that we have forty mil- lions of people on the other side of the hne, with a barricade against us which will never be opened, we will adopt a J)roper policy. Wo have been looking or a chance during the past ton or fif- teen years. I remember, in ]8ti5, that I walked down fVom the back seats in the Parliament in Quebec to the Right Honorable member for Kingston (the Reciprocity Treaty had been abolishetl), and said : " I thijilf that this is a good " time to pi-oparo a tariff which will " build up our industries." What did the honorable gentleman say ? " Wait a " litto. Wait a year or two; we will " got back reciprocity." It has boon Availing from that day to this ; and you will be waiting many a long (lay before you got it from t hose high-minded mer- chants of the United Stales, They have kicked and cuffed and knocked us about in every way, from pillar to post, and have laughed at us in their sleeves ; jn fact, virtually aimouncod that we are a nation of fools I Talk of retaliation, and the consequent irritation s^^c thU.k it would produce amongst the A; \nricans. Why, when we adopt a defensi' policy, they will awaken to a sense of t. ) posi- tion, and begin to think a little of us, and perhaps be forced to admit that we are business men. How have they treated us during the last ten or fifteen years ? Have they done what is right, true, or just? Have they carried out the W.^shingtou Treaty in regard to our canals ? Do they not charge a duty in regard to fish oils, as well as in that paltry matter of lobster tins ? We are similarly situated, as far as manufactm-- ing powers are concerned, to the United States — indeed, I think we are better situated. In the Eastern States — in Mas- sachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Maine — they have good water power, but no coal or iron. Yet the East is the gi'oat manufacturing centre of the coun- try. How are we situated? In the Lower Provinces — in Nova Scotia and Now Brunswick — we have, as at Boston, connection with the sea, and coal and iron lying side by side; and I believe with a proper sj^stem, with a true national policy persisted in for ten or fifteen years, instead of the dilly-dallying policy now pursued, we could manufac- ture as choap and make the country greater in pxrytiortion to its population, as the Unite:" f-jLates. The high-minded- noss of the people across the lines, which ha« been so often talked about, was exemplified yesterday by the hon. mem- ber for Montreal West, when referring to the oiders given by manufacturers there to sell at any price so long as Canadian and English goods were driven out of the market. I oan mention hero an instance of their efforts to under-soll us which came under my own observa- tion. In a hardware shop in Detroit I saw an article selling at $9 gold, which they were delivering at Windsor to Can- adian merchants at $7.20. When I travel. Sir, T blush for my country, which hivs had i.i roads for twenty-five years, and still imports rails, locomotives, axles, cranks, and all other things needed. In the Dominion now we have but one small locomotive Co'y at K ingHton, which 16 IB kepi alive by a sop thrown to it now and then — these sops being row and far between ; for we find that ovon rofundb upon locomotives, manufactured in a foreign country, have been granted to the Great Western Railway by the pre- sent Administration. (Cheers.) If a sound policy had been pursued, millions of dollars for wages in this industry would have been diffused throughout the country. But the effect of the policy adopted by the Grovomment has been to cripple the railroad, manufacturing, mer- cantile, mechanical, and farming inter- .ests; for I hold that they are blended together, and that when one flourishes the other flourishes, and vice uersa. (Applause.) The hon. member for Both' well said he did not see why a duty should be placed on agricultural pro- ducts. I don't think there should be a i duty on rye, oats, wheat, and perhaps upon flom*, because wo raise good wheat and can manufacture flour ix) compete with other countries, But, in this con- nection, w" must remember that the Grand Trunk and Great Western Rail- roads will 'deliver a cargo of flour from Michigan co Montreal or Halifax as ' '^cheap as they will to Toronto, Oshawa, or Whitb3^ This should be i*emedied by the legislati i which was promised last year in the Railway Committee. The matter should be regulated by pro rata rates — there should be no differ- ence. On the article of com I think there should bo a duty. (Hear, hear.) "We grow a considerable quantity in the Western country, but not sufficient for the distilleries, in whose interest the duty of ten cents a bushel was taken off. If we were to have a protective tariff we might have to pay a little more than we do now for some things ; but I don't see why we should not have tht same patri- otism and desire for the advancement of our country as the United States have. See what love they have for their coun- try ! They bear the duty placed on those things ; but what is the conse- quence ? In many articles they are ' under-sell'ng us. And I ask the honor- able gentleman if, seeing that the United States can under-sell the world, whether it would be any disadvantage to the ' consumers here to have a high protec- tive duty ? I believe in a fixed policy which will build up our industries. (Cheers.) We should encourage our trade with the West Indies, and have & line of steamers to effect an exchange of products. But what has been the policy with regard to the West Indies ? Our sugar refining trade is closed by a duty of 2.5 per cent, on the raw material. I say if we would build up this country let ns carry out our solemn contract in regavvl to the Pacific Railway. We have borrowed money on the faith of it from the British Government, to whom wo are pledged for its construction. It may not be built in ten, fifteen, or ovon twenty years, but lot us do what wo can. Bo not let it be said that we, as a nation, upon the very threshold of union, violated an engagement, broke through an agreement, or attympted to do that which must prove disastrous in the end. A Canadian's word given in the House of Parliament should be kept to the lett«r ; and there is nothing to prevent our making such arrangements as will ultimately prove beneficial and satis- factory to the country at large. (Hear, h^ar.) Our canals meet the require- ments of our own trade for theprosent. Let us drop unnecessary works in which wo are expending large sums. It may canso on outcry here and there, but the cov.n- try will be the gainer. The people of British Columbia do not insist on the completion of the railroad in ten years so long as we can show an earnest desire to conotruct it as fast as possible. Let us build that road in advanee of settle- ment, as k' done in the United States, and it will give employment to the pien who are loitering aoout our streets, and p-osperity to every interest in the Do- minion. I believe that is the true policy of this country ; and I would not hke to say what I believe will be the conse- quence to this country if it is not car- ried out. I appeal to honorable mem- bers on both sides of the House to think twice ere repudiating a national pelicy. Delays are dangerous, hut doubly dan- gerous at the present time, as the nation desires once for all a settlement of the vexed question of its fiscal policy. Those gentlemen upon the Treasury Benches, if they forgot Canada and Canada's in- terewts, would find people of all classes forgetting them whensoever they a]> pealed to constituencies for approval of their legislation. — The honorable gentle- man resumed his seat amid loud and, prolonged applause. It [The following speecli was (lelive.'0resent no real solu- tion has been found, and as Canada grows olde:~ and increases in population she, too, will have to meet the difficulty, and prevent, if possible, such scenes as have been witnessed in Birmingham, Manchester and other large towns of England and on the Continent where the working classes were clamouring for work or bread. You are aware, Sir, that for many months all branches of tra, if in its power, I venture to predict that the country will hold them to a strict account. But I have faith that the gentlemen charged with the responsibi- lity of conducting the affairs of this country are equal to the occasion, and that they will take hold and deal vigo- ]-ously with it in such a way as to give satisfaction to the country at large. It is a well-known fact that for two years past the Americans have been flooding this country with their surplus stocks, selling them at prices that make it im- possible for our people to compote against and get cost for their goods. They sell irrespective of cost, in order to raise money for some presoing neces- ity, and by so doing thoy are enabled to keep their factories in constant operation They know quite well that in conse- quence of their high tariff our manufac- turers cannot retaliate. Could we reach the American markets with the same facility that they reach ours, the present practice of underselling would not be resortetl to. But as we are completely shut out of the States, the American man- ufacturers can keep their prices well up at homo, sell to this country 15 to 25 per cent, less than they will do to their own people, and at the same time not reduce the price on their average pro- ductions raoro than 1^ to 2 percent., which is a small matter to them IS wlieii lliey can tiiko away our gold in payment which sliould go into tlie potikets of our own people for goods made at. iioino. They are at the same tiuie destroying our manufacturing in- dustries, and wdl be able at some future day to recoup themsolvi-.s at our expense by charging us what they please when ail competition has been crushed out. The ("luestion how to be considered is liow can legislation alter llic present state of affairs? Will any action tlmt the Government can take be such as would give employment to the thousands of industrious mechanics and labourers now sufferingior want of work, and at the same time jirovent ovir manufacturing industries Ironi being completel}' ruined by the unequal competition that is ibrced on them by our foreign rivals? I think the answer to thisquestion is <>nc that could easily bo given by every gentleman in this House who has given the ])rcsent depressed state of the conntry any con- sideration wiiatover. It is the answer expected from the CTOvornment by the people of this country, and, if given, will put in motion numbers of fact(U'ies that have stood idle for months, afford- ing i-elief to thousands of artisans that have been suffering foi- weeks, anil impart nerw life and energy to all classes of the community. The answer is : Simply increase the tariff 7^ per cent, on such articles as can be manufactured in this country to advantage, admitting at the same time all raw material that we do not possess ourselves, at the lowest iwssible rate of duty. Such a course Avill secure our home market for the productions vyfoui- own people both of the factory and of the farm. There is a strong feeling amongst many of our people that wo should assimilate our tariff to that of the United States, so far as that country is concerned, and to advance it very slightly to Englanl and other countries. Personally I would willingly adopt this course, as it is from the Ame- ricans wo received the greatest injur,)'. But I question the policy of such a course. The United States is the very bept market for our barley, cattle, lumber and other pi-oductions of the fai*m and forest, "whicm might be completely shut out of that country if Ave undertook to legislate against them particularly ; and, while I contend that we have the right to do so, I am convinced that it would not be in our interest to take that cour.se. They could trouble us in man^- ways that would work against our mercantile and railway interests, which are now to some extent depending on tliem. The bonding system that gives us access to the sea-board at all times might be done away with. Some of our largest i-ail- way cor])orations are depending on them for the thi'cjugh traffic that keeps them afloat ; and any action on our part that would give them an excuse for stopping any ofthe.se privileges would be unwise. If V e take their tariff as a basis for ours am', treat all nations alike, then the Americans can have no cause of com- ]>laint. it is now a scttlee importetl in consequence of internal competition. Admit, for arguments sake, that we would have to pay more for what we have (o purchase. If pro- tection gives us constant emploj-mcnt and fair wages, we will be able to pro- cure what wo want even at the ad- vanced price. While, as we now stand, with i'vee trade for all the world, we are not able to procure a day's woi-k. Of what use are the very cheapest gooopuIouw simply as a iiation of fai-mers and shojj-keepors. How have the New England Slates with their rocks and mountains and unpro- ductive soil, become .so i-ich and power- ful ? Not surely by confining themselves to farming operations. It is their man- ufacturing enterprise that has placed them in the position they are to-day. Lot us look at the ca])ital invested in 3Ia.s.sachHsetts since tho year 1H50 and SCO how it has increased in twenty years, with the amount of wages paid out, the value of tho raw materials used, and the value ot finished goods ])roduced in the years 1850, 1 SOU and 1870. ^ . , ^ J i '+■■'. «-i ca c-1 oc c-i o 00 r~* <0 00 00 ?D IM 00 i> o © o o CO o oo_oo_o>^ o •* CO o CO o o o o 00 oo >f^ 1~ 1.-5 .-. ^ 1 00 CO to CO s" •— * CD_0_Tl<_0 pi ,= T3 CO 00 O 00 M pM CO O « -- m m 1 oTuTco^co" o to to »o^N_ec CO OJ a* . u a ^^ c^ ic 00 ai 9< IQ i- t- l~ — 1 o v> a> o t- <^ ■v ^ ^ •3 ) ' ' U4 Zi a p-4 rH r— t O m o o o o o o o o O CO 00 M 1^ M -^ iM n _ CC e-1 .- « a> to o -i* CS cTco" to" oT c-1 a. to 00 c^ .—1 X-^ 05 o o ci (Din lo' « 1 1 co_«_oo_-^ CO >0 CO o e^ M CO r^ ^-t Ofl i BJ m ^ ■"^ e>»_ lO (f> o~ ■*" oT co~ t- (»r ea ■* r- 1 -)> i-H CO in 1— t OJ^os^aq t-^ e tfj oo'i-Tio't-T 00 ■* 00 o ts S I Invested Paid Out of Raw Material. . Finished Goods ft 1 .5 o S i tn • i s Capital In vested Wages paid Value of Eaw material do Finished Goods Avg. Wages ^ annum . •a & a. a 1 H Capita Wages Value do 1 21 to in The total vulucofprojKTty ofall kinds, roal mid personal, in this State, in 1870, waH $2,i:^2,l-t8,7 11.00 Tho iK.piilution irt 1,157,351. ConipHK) this \vitl< the wealth of the rsanio imniber in thiseoun- tiy, where liuMuin^ roeciveH iho pi-inoi- iiul attention, and you will tind that the oalnnco in in favor of the peojjlo who turn their attention to manufacturing onterpvitte. • o O o c o ^-^ e O o c o u *« to c *■> «5 CI ^» u" CO O 00 00 c 1- U?2 «- o i- C» o o '■O oc 1-.^ t- w fO c to^ *^ ^^ p^ ^ t^ I-" CI ^H wm t-- r-( »« CI 1-^ CI 09 O o o c o f^ o o © c © ^ '6 11 >a o J- ca 9 M w in »f ilO_ ©_ 1- c- Q0_ ■*i ji Vi ■•l^ tti" f-t * CI i o o e o © •d o o o o © '3 o M o « a> S .— * J- CO C0 © '"^ «o CO CI ©__ s «> •n" oT cT cc 1 00 t~ ifj 1 1 CO 00 tt' S !t 1— « «" co" M ©" e>i f— 1 rC "d ■« ?fL .^ ■* e» L* CI ^^ 00 •^ •a Cv ^^ fi t-^ co_ lO ©^ ^ Ck I-" «r oo" lO r-T (d a 00 'X' r-t —1 oo M ^_ o o. c o 3 -s o o 00 o o o o •^ J- t- «- 5 CO « '^ °°» ©_ o> o <3)^ u 1^ 00~ •M u-i" CO 1-" ; o o • •*-» '£ ,2 « QQ ■£ o to d s o s 1 n X. 3 ^ C3 as 1 ei «> ^ ^ S O d s V cy !25 f? ■ Massachusetts has lljpor cent, loss population tlian Ontario. 8he has 612 per cent, moj'e capital invested in manu- factui-es ; pays out in wages 575 per (!ent. more than Ontario ; paid for raw material, 614 per cent, more than On- tario ; and tho value of the finished pro- ductions is 483 per cent, more than On- tario. She emplcjys 320 per cent, more hands in nianuracturing, and pav> 72.j per cent, higher wages than Ontario. MiMsaeluisetts has 11] per cent, more capital invested in cotton alone than Ontario has in all kinds of manufactures, and the value of tho finished cotton is equal to hnlf the value of all our produc- tions. Woollens ar in the same posi- tion jis cottons, bu A'ith this exception, that the value of woollens is only .'JO per cent, less than all Ontario's pi-oduction. In boots and shoos there is about half tlu* capital invested that there is in all the manufactures in Ontario. The value of linishcd work is only 30 per cent. loss than all the Ontario manufactures,' and pays 27^ per cent, more wages than is ))aid to all engaged in the manufaclures in Ontario. Pennsylvania has a 2'opu- lation of about 1 per cent, larger than the Dominion. She has invested in man- ufactures over 525 per cent, more than Ca- nada, pays out 310 per cent, more wages, and the value of finished pnMluction is 325 pe)' cent, more than all Canada. In iron alone there u Just about as much capital invested as there is in all indus- tries in the Dominion, paying only about 40 per cent, less wages than is paid in the Dominior. f-^r that purpose. The value of finished iron is only about 45 per cent, loss than all the production of our factories together. The average earning of each operative engaged in manufacturing in Ontario in 1871, was «245.00 — just what was paid in 1850 in Massachusetts, 11 per cent, loss than was paid in 18G0, and about 72^ per cent, less than was paid in 1870 when the United States Census was taken. We are told that in protected countries like the States the profits to the manufac- turers are enormous, and that they com'' directly out of the pockets of the con- sumer. Let us compare the returns on investments in manufactni'ing in the New England States, whore they have protection, with Canatla, whore free- trade particularly exists, and avo will find that protection actually reduces the cost to the consumer. In Canada, up to the time when the Americans began the slaughtering business, after setting apart <)' per cent, for interest on plant, and interest on working capital, the manu- facturer got a larger profit by 6f per cent, than tiie protected manufrtcturei- in Now England got. The result is that where pi-otcction exists home compoti- «J9 tioii fjccurcs fair ])rici!s. Wui. where free trade is the order, as in this country, people will not invest their means in manufactures, and competition does Pot oxist, and the customer paj's higher prices. This was the caoe up to 1872. Here we see the source from whence the wealth of Massachusetts is derived, be- caupo of her largo m; ufacturing popu- lation. Tjand that ou I'anadian flirmers would thiidc dear at any pnce, brings from forty to sixty dollars per acre, be- <'ause every article that can be raised brings a large price in the market created by the manufacturing interests scattered so {liickly over tiie State The capital invested in manufacturing in the JS^^ato of New York in the years 1850. I860, and 18*10 was as follows : 1850 — Capital invested, $99,904,405 ; wages paid $49,- 131,000; value of raw material, $134,- f!55,674 ; value of finished work. | 597.249 ; hands employed, 199,349 1860— Capital invested, §172,875,052 ; wages paid, $65,44(),75fl ; value of raw material, $214,813,061 ; value of finished work, $378,870,230 ; hands employetl, 230,112. In i870— Capital invested, $366,994,320; wages paid I $142,465,758; valae of raw material, $452,005,452 ; value of finished work, $785,194,651 ; hands employed, 357,803. The capiial invested in manufactures in Pennsyl vania for the same period was : In 1850 —Capital, $94,473,810 ; wages paid, $37,163,232 ; raw material, $87,205,377 ; finished Avork, $155,044,910 ; hands, 146,766. In 1860-Capital, $190,055,904 ; wages paid, ^00,369, 165 ; raw material, $150,477,e98 ; finished work, $290,121,- 188 ; hands, 222,132. In 18T0— Capital, 237,- In 8406,821.845 $127,976,594: raw material, $421,197,673 ; finished work, $71 1,894,344 ; hands, 319,487. 1 n 1870— iron only- -Capital, $78,668,802 ; Avages, $24,680,024 ; raw material, $80.657,261 ; finislied Avork, $122,605,296 ; hands, 47,134. la Ohio, foi- the same period, the statistics are: 1850— t!apital, $20,- 019,538; Avagoa, $13,467,156; rUAV ma- tonal, $34,678,019 ; finished work, $62,- ()92,269; hands, 51,491. In 1860—Ca- pital, $57,295,303 ; wages, $22,3(»2,982 ; raw matovial, $69,800,270; finished work, $121,691,148; hands, 75,602. in 1870 — Cupifal. §; ;i, 923,964 ; Avages, $49,- 066,48H ; raw material, $157,131,697 ; finiKhed work. $269,713,010 ; hands, 137i202. In 1870— iron only—Capital, $22,867,774 ; Avages, $7^905, 101 ; raw matcial, $20,852,520 ; finished Avork, $35,625,157 ; hands, 14,943." We have here a largo amount of the wealth of the States named, invested in manufacturing enterprise, Avhich Avould not be the case if the country Avas not favoured with a protective system that prevents their country being made a slaughter market of by foreigners. What secured for England tl>e position she noAv occupies in Avealth and influence among the Tui- tions of the earth ? Certainly not sell- ing 'he produce of her cultivated fai-ms, nor oven the riflics of her multitude of 8hop-kee])ere, but through the enterprise of ber manufacturers, Avho forced theii- pi'ixluctions into every market in the world, securing vast stores of Avealth for themselves and respect for the nation which they represented, and at the same time giving such an impetus to commerce as makes England toiday the first Mariiie Power in the Avorld. Then again take Germany, France, I'russia, Belgium and other couixfries that might be mentioned, all thickly populated ; are they support- ed by tilling the soil ? Not l)y any means. In the countries mentioned every lit Je hamlet, village, town and city is a busy hive of manufactuiing industry, and to th's fact alone they oavo the position o. influence uad wealth that they noAv enjoy. All these countries early enjoyed a .^ound protective jjolicy, and most of them continue it to this day. It is a fact that cannot bo disputed that all countries that manufacture for them- selves arc, as a rule, rich and prosperous, while those countries that import to sup])ly the home demand, are generally poor to Avhat they would be if they ma- nufactured and supplied their own wants. Canada, I regrel to say, is in the position of being pooi-, because she imports much more than she manufactures, and Avill contit. '0 lo do so until such a change is made in the tariff as Avill give confidence to capitalists to invest tlieir means in manufacturing industries that Avill 8r;)])ly a much larger portion of the home demand than is ilono at present. If the (iovernmcnt will make the present 17^ per cent, tariff 25 per cent., and carefully revise the free list, as well as the other rates of duty noAv chained, and fix them permanently for a definite 'ength of time, I A'cnturo to say that you will at once see such a eha.igo in the 23 industrial affairs ol' tluH country as will astonish tlio most advanced Free-Trader. One thing more than another that prevents capital from being invested in manufactares in this country is the constant chang^^.n that aro made in the tariff", lind this fact eiiahlos those who are in some lines of bui-ino.^s to take advantage and charge higher prices than they would if the tarift' was settled tor a length of time, which would induce others to go into the same line of business and thus create competition. ♦ Let us contemplate for a short time the position of some of those countries tlmt ])ave for various reasons adopted the system our opponents arc so much in love with. 1 will ask the Uou.^e to give me their attention while 1 read a few oxti-acts from the pen of one of England's ablest writers ou the question of protection, as to the effect of free- trade on the manufacturing interests of Ireland. The gentleman is Sergeant Byles, well known to the legal pro- fession : * There is no novelty or striinf,'enes3 in this suggestion of partial and temporar}' protection of infant Irish manufactures even against Eng- land. Enlifjhtend and impartial foreigners have made it before. For example, tlie Baron Dupin, in France, and Mr, Webster, in the United States of America, have given it as their opinion that little good is to be expected with- out it, from any course of British legislation for Ireland. Nay, we have more than theory or authority to guide us. We have, in the past liistory of Ireland herself, actual i.xperience both of the adva.'itago of protecting Irish manu- factures against English, and of tho rus to be nearly prohibitoi > ; i duty on Eng'lish silk. There were duties on English cotton yarn, cot- ton twist, and cotton manufactured goods. The Act of Union continued the duties on woollens and several other raticles for twenty years. It continued the high duties on calicoes and mus- lins till 1808. They were then to be gradually reduced till they should fall to 10 per cent, in 1310, and nothing in 18^1. Tlie duties on cot- ton yarn inid cotton twist were continued till i808, and u re then to be gradually reduced to nothing In 1816. 'J'l.e linen trade was encour- aged by a Parliamentary grant, withdrawn in 182C. Now see the effects, first of protection, and, next, of its withdrawal, or rather, a speci- men of the effects. It has been stated by Dublin trwlesmen acquainted with the facts that in 1800 they had 91 masti woollen m.inu- lacturers, employing 4,018 hands. In 1840 the master manufacturers were 12, the hands (i()2. 1834. 40 90 28 110 210 none. Master wool-combers iu 1800 were 30; haudij 230. In 1834— Masters, 5 ; hands, 06. Caipet manufacturers, in 1800 — Masters, 13 ; hands, 72C. In 1841— Masters, 1 ; hands, — . Blanket manufacturers in Kilkenny, in 1800 — Masters, 56 ; hands, 3,000. In 1822— Masters, 56 ; hands, 3,000. In 1832 — Masters, 42; hands, 925. Broad silk loom weavers in Dublin, in 1800, at work, 2,,-)00; in 1840, 250. Calico looms in Balbriggan, in 1799, in full work, 2,000; in 1841, 22t;. Flannel looms in the County of Wicklow, in 1800, 1,000 ; iu 1841, not one. In the City of Cork : ,j,«'/ >|;. 1800. Braid weavers .... ', . jf^. , i,000 Worsted weavers . ..'.',... -5,000 Hosiers •.',":'. '.'I 300 Wool combers 700 Cotton weavers 2,000 Linen check weavers 600 Cotton spinners, bleaclicrs, calico printers, thousands employed, utterly extinct. The linen trade, protected and fostered till 1826, \vas not in those days confined to the North of Ireland. In Clonaliilty, in tlie County of Cork, XI, 200 a week were t >.pendod on the purchasi' of coarse linen webs so late as 1825.. In Mayo, £111,000 were expended in purchasing the same species of web. In 1825 the sum of two mil- lions and a half sterling were expended in Ireland in the imrchase of coarse, unbleached, honifi-iuade webs. I am obliged for these speci- eno of them ruin of Irish industry to Mr. Butt, Q.C at the Irish Bar, who informs me thattliey could be very much extended. Arcther instance of Ihe ruin that ft'Qft trade works you will tind in Turkey, llor commercial system is a very liberal one, no part of the vast dominion of the .Sultan exhibits the good effects of his tai-iff. Distress and misery meet you in the face at every turn. No manu- factures exist thcie on account of the Sultan's enlightened free trade views. Many of the Vi-ee Traders of p]ngland who held the bonds and socurities ol'that unhappy country would be lejoiced, I think, if the Sultan would turn Protec- iionist. Then we have S])ain. Portugal and Mexico, all with a system of low tariff, but no manufactories. How do we find thoin progiwssing .socially antl financially? Will they comj)are in gen- eral intelligence and wealth with nmny other countries, with advantages liir in- ferior to theirs in soil and flinuitc, but who has the benefit of established manu- factures conducted by intelligent, cnor- gowc mechanics and business men ? One more examjde of the bauolul eflects of free trade, forced by England on a coun- try that could not resist— the case of the Decca weavers of India — is almost too well known to need repitilion. This in- 24 II dusti-y that existed lor generations, and prospered in that conntry, giving em- ployment to thousands of its inliabitants, pnalucing such articles as were required by the natives, and for want of a reason- ablo amount of protection, England, with her large capital and improved machin- ery, brought utter ruin on all eagaged in the muslin trade. Many of the v.-eavers died of starvation, and their families were scattered all over the countiy. I will sisk your attention to a few extracts from the pen of Horace Greeley on this point; "I cite the •' memorable instance oi the Decca '• weavers of India, as stated in Parlia- " men by the distinguished Fvee Trader. " Dr. Bowring: " I hold, sir, in my hand the conespondenie wiiich has teken place between the Governor General of India and tlie East India Company, on the subject of the Dccca hand-loom wearers . It 15 a melanchol)' storj' of misery, so far as tliey Hie co'jcerned, and as striking an evidence of the wonderful progress of manufacturing indus- try in this country. Some years ago the East India Company annually received of the produce of tlie looms of India the amount of from six to eight millions of pieces of cotton goods. The demand gradually fell to somewliat more than one million, and has now nearly ceased alto- gether. In 1800, the United States took from India nearly eight hundred thousand pieces of cottons; in 1830, not four thousand. In 1800 one million of pieces were sliipped to Portugal ; in 1830, only twenty thousand. Terrible are t lie accounts^ of the wretchedness of the poor India weavers, leduced to starvation. And wiiat was the sole cause ? The presence of the cheaper English manufucturu — tlie production I'V tiie power-loom of the article v '-icn these unhappy Hindoos had been used lor a^es to make by their unimproved and hand-directed sliuttles. Sir, it was impossible that they could go on wea,ving what no one woidd wear or buy. Numbers of them died oi hunger ; the remainder were, for the most part, transferred to other n.>cupation8, principally agricultural. Not to have changed their trade was inevitable starvation. And at this moment, sir, the Decca district is supplied with 3'arn and cotton cloth from the power-'/ oms of England. The lan- 'xuage of tlie (iovernor General is : '' European skill and machinery liave super- seeded the produce of India. The court declare that they are at last obliged to abandon the only remaining portion of the trade in cotton manufactures in both Bengal and Madras, be- cause, through the intervention of power-looms, the Britisii goods have a decided advantage in (juality and price. Cotton piece goods, for so many ages the etapie manufacture of I. Jia, seems thus forever lo.t. The Decca muslins, celebrated over the whole world for their beauto and linenesB, are also annihilated, from the same muse. And the present gi! fieri ng to nuirerons classes in India is scarcely to be paralelled in the history of comi.ierce . " Ho has given the question of I'rec- trade and protection long and careful study. We have seen what free-trade has done for Ireland, Turkey, .Spain, Portugal, Mexico and India. I think the most anient admirer of the system would not like to see our Dominion re- duced to the level of any one of these countrios. We Mill now reverse the pictr:re, and take a view of the position ooupiod by those countries whci'c a cfircfully arranged tai-itf protects their* home industries from being crushed out by the influx of the surplus stocks of outsiders, who sell their goods at what they can catch, irrespective of cost of production ; and it is broadly stated by political economists, that protected manufactures are weak and sickly, I undertake to p)-ove that is only such that are strong and healthy ; and that Avherever a judicious system of protec- tion exists the country is generally rich and prospei'ous ; its inhabitants ])ro- ducing and exporting to those free-trade countries that do not mauutacture for themselves. Below I give Avliat a well- kuown writer says on the subject: ^, ,. But " i)rotected manufactures are sickly," say English political economists. "A meta- phorical expression this," replies a talented English writer, " constantly repeated, little con- tradicted, and, thereforo, by the half-informed believed." Whatever a man hears or reads con- stantly without contradiction he is apt to be- lieve. Sale, the translator of the Koran, by constantly poring over it is said to have become a Mahometan. But this proposition is so far from being true that a slight review of the history of any manufacturer disproves it. All great manufactures had their origin in the pro- tective system. Take our own, the greateat and least sickly of any. All our own manufivctures took their rise in a system ©f protective duties, so high as to amount to prohibitions. In aermany. Let any one, hefure the late struggle, have visited the coun- tries embraced by the Zollverein. To say that protection has there produced manufacturing prosperity would be to beg the question. But one thing is certain, that exactly coincident in time and place with the most stringent protec- tive laws has arisen a manufacturing industry and proOuction of wealth, witliout an approach to a [larallel in all the former history of Ger- many. On every side are seen rising mills, factories, workshops and warehouses, teeming with an industrious and busy population ; and, 80 far from agricultUie being neglected, it never made more rapid progress, to say nothing of the mining, metallurgical industry, which has also received the most astonishing impetus, Yet with us — the richest country in the world — the Zi llverein, in proportion to the vast extent, multitudiaous population and increasing wealth, has little trade. But, as she has protected her- self from the influx of our manufactures, she has undoubtedly been growing richer and busier. Nay, hardware, the product of protected German industry, is actually finding its way into Bir- mingham itself, and articles of German manu- facture are superseeding articles of Birmingham make. The more protected are beginning to beat the less protected manufactures on their own ground. The Birminham people have no power to retalliate. German tariffs take care of that. German thinkers, deeper and more inde- pendent than the English, have exposed the shallowness of those theories, which have turned the heads of our rulers. frinces, ministers, philosophers and people, are agreed to maintain the protection which has so abundantly justified their sagacity. Look at Russia. Examine the protective and jealous tariff of that infant but colossal State ; then contemplate its results. Take the testi- mony of that most unexceptionable witness, Mr. Cobden. He has recently visited the protected textile manufacturers of Itussia which, but for protection, would never have had existence. And what does he say ? Tiiat the Russians ai-e to be our customers for cotton goods, and to take them in exchange for the boundless im- portations of corn from the Black Sea. Vain delusion! Accordin>; to him those protected manufacturers, which should, in conformity with our received theories, have been sickly and stunied, are now so advanced and flourishing as to threaten a rivalry with Great Britain herself, and fivery branch of human industry and art is, by the same m?anK, beginning to flourish and expand in an emiiiro which, stretching from west to east, and from last to west again, in r.laiost unbroken continuity around Europe Asia and America, extends from Archangel nearly to Coiiutantinople, embracing some of thn lincBt climates and noils iu the world, con- nected'and concentrated as they will soon be- come by its new iron hi^jhways. Within her borders are cherished ami naturalir^ed the pro- ductions of all lands. We have just seen in England specimens of the finest steel from native Russian iron, fabricated in. Russia, not only into the swords, bayonets and Innces of an overwhelming military power, but into table cutlery and tools, that you sup ose to have been turned out at Birn^iiigham and Sluffijld ; while the gold and silver plate, the diamonds, the jewellery, the exquisite silks, the gold and silver.tissues and brocade, dispute the priz • with Paris and Lyons, htorch, the political econu- inist, once persuaded the Russian Government to give the free trade system a trial. It was tried. It dismally failed and was abandoned. All aie now agreed that protection is the true policy of Russia, and all find that in Russia, as everywhere else, it is the sure road to prosperity and power. Take now a small State — Belgium. In propor- tion to her aro r manufacturing induustry is, perhap.s, greater than that of any other country, not excepting the United Kingdom itself. But in Belgium not only has the protective system long flourished, but the protecting duties are now- higher than ever. Belgium is the very paradise of protection. Nay, there is even a bounty on exportation. Superficial observers call it an ab- surd tax on the many for the benefit of the few. But those who know the facts of the case, and will be at the pains Lo trace its effects, and assert the liberty of independent judgment, find it the cheapest mode, in a season of great diuip r and difficulty, of supporting the apparent surplus of an immense population. Many who super- ciliously and arrogantly censured the King and Government of Belgium for this flag!-\iit breach of their dry and barren rules, would nave found greater difficulty in preseiTing that little and defenceless Emgdom, not only in peace but prosperity, amidst the st-nms of surrounding revolution. Here again, as elsewhere, protected manufacturing industry has overflown on the soil. Land, by natuie a mere sand, has actually become the most fertile in Europe, and supports a larger population than any other. Do WO need stronger argtimcntrt than these to convince u.s that if wvj are ever to take our place as a manufacturing country we mu.'^t adopt a system of p.-o- tection, that will prevent our maimfac- turers from being swamped before they get well and tirmly established. In loolcing over the ti-ade and navigation returns for 1874, I find that we imported 839,l)(31,tJ5-4 more than we exported. For 1873, the balance against us was about the same amount, and so on, back to 18G8 ; so that the total imports over exports, in seven years after Coiifederw. tion, amounted to the enormous bum of ? 154,866,2 12, and wo are still continuing in the Dame course. Need 1 ask what 26 the result will be if wo do not soon put on the breaks ? The Commissioner of Customs, Mr. Johnston, takes the free- trade view ot this state of things, and argues that the more we import the richer we are, and therefore the balance of trade is a myth. The logical conclu- sion of this argument is that a man earning $2,000 per annum may spend $2,500 and still ho is getting richer all the time. Will any person credit this conclusion? I admit that for certain improvements, such as railway buildi ng, canal enlargement and such like expen- diture, we may occasionally run in deb,, to England for a considerable amount without injury to ourselves. But if we are to continue, year after year, import- ing what we could make ibr oursel /as and sending the gold which is the life blood of the country, to pay for it, we will L on find to our cost that the balance of trade is a realit}-. The ques- tion — where will the revenue come from if we put on a tariff that will enable our oAvn people to compete with outsiders, under the present exceptional circums- tances — is one that is often put by Free Traders in order to confound the ad- vo.^ate of protection. My answer is, that for some time to come our own manu- facturers would not be able to supply all that wovild be req lired ; and, there- fore, with the advanced rate of duty the necessary amount of revenue would be raised, oven if the imports should fall off materially ; and whi n our own people wore fully prepared to supply the home demand, the manufacturing population would have increased so much that their consumption of dutiable-paying goods, that could not bo produced in this country, would be quite suthcicnt to supply any deficiency that might arise from the falling off of goods that we were making for ourselves. This is the case in other countries, and should be the same hero. Free-traders point us to England, and say that she has advanced much more rapidly since she adopted free-ti ado than she die when she had a protective tarifi' ; and that if we wish to prosper a , she had done we must j)ursue the same course. I ansv.er that the cir- cumstance.-? of tl. ■ two countries are quite difTcront If Canada were in Eng- land's position she c5uld do as England is now doing, and perhaps with profit. But when England was as Canada is, she did what the advocates of protection say that Canadt' ought to do now — that is, increase the tarifi" in the interest of home manufacturers. And when Canada has accumulated anything like th.e wealth and experience that Hngland and the States have done by manufacturing in place of exporting hor raw materials and importing them back manufactured and fit for use, having lost the labour and profits which should have been in the hands of our own people, then perhaps •jho may try for a time the experience of free-trade. 1 think after a discussion of the whole matter, the conclusion will be that the Government will bring down a tariff which will give encouragement to our manufacturers. I do not ask them to place a Chinese Wall around this country and keep eveiybody out of it. If our manufacturers had fair play, they ; could compete Avith any country in the I world. It is impossible for them with- out a protective tarifi' to resist the great experience and enormous wealth of foreign competitors. Some gentlemoii in this House cannot behove that tho Americans sell their goods here at less than cost, but I know, because I have testetl it. I know that in our own good'^- they are fiooding the market with their surplus production. The constituency which I represent is largely inl crested in the questioi^, and I would be recreant to the trust confided in mo if I did not raise my voice in favour of those people who are doing everything they can to compete fairly Avith the manufacturers of other countries. They are eutitloil to such encouragement as the Govern- ment can give them. If we pursue a policy of free-trade which some hon. members advocate, our factories will bo closed and our artisans driven to other countries to find employ men t. We have large resources, and if we had a ])rotoc- tive tariff, capitalists would bo encou- raged to come in and d.,'elop thorn. [Tho following is an extract from a speech delivered by Mr. yEmilius Irving, M. P., Hamilton, in moving an nmoiid ment to the Finance Minister's motion, that the "House do go into Committee of Supply ": — J Well, sir, I will now proceed to pro- pose a remedy, which 1 will define: — J would discriminate p.gainst those classes of foreign manufactures which come be I \vi« for 21 into competition Avith the productions of Canada and the U*Mted Kingdom. When I have sat down some hon. gentle- men may reply— "We cannot adopt retaliatory duties." I have not used tlioso words, and I do not propose to do so. The Americans have imposed a high tariff, and if there is an adjective proper to describe the policy we should pursue I would say that it is imitative. I would take a small leaf out of the American book, and if it "be true that imitation is the sincercst fiatteiy, we can so flatter the American eagle as to turn him into a very poacock. It is said that there is very groat difficulty in the way of im- posing discriminating tarilTs owing to treaties that exist, and some eminent statesmen like Lord Burleigh wallc aci'oss the stage and shako their heads ; but I. hope that this discussion will settle our right position, for no such difiiculty has any existence ; and if the Adminis- tration will not meet the demands of the country, we must have a Ministry occu- pying the front seats on the right of the Speaker which will do so. 1 have taken it upon myself to assei'tthat in no treaty does an}- provision exist [>revo.Tting any legislation such as we re(![uirc by the (Canadian Parliament. The Imperial instructions direct His Excellency the CTOvernor General to withhold his assent from any Bill imposing differential duties; and the despatches and con-es- pondence which have passed warn the Colonial Legislaiuro agaiist legislation in this connection, not owing to want of power or to treaty requirements, but being a difficult question, the Crown desires tliat no legislation may in any way iritorfero with the prevailing I mperial policy, with which the Colonial Parliament, it is assumed, can hardly be BO well informed as to be able to deal with at all timet with propriety. There fore it is open to the Canadian Govern- ment at any time to enter into communi- cation with the Imperial Cabinet in or 'or to discuss a policy that may relieve this country from the dktlicultios with which it is at present surrounded. I am not content touching a matter of this importance to allow the House to re- 1 main under this impi-ession solely be- cause I have so stated, i will accord- ingly cite yno or two public documents which deal with this question very dis- tinctly. AHor the war of 1812, at the Treaty of Ghent, Great Britain and the United States signed a convention of commerce in 1815, in which appear these few words, to which I beg to draw attention : — " No liighcr or other duties shall be impoSBd on the importation into mc territories of His Britanic Majesty in Europe of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Lnited States, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on tlie importation into the United States of any articles, the growth, protlnce, or manufacture of His.Britanic Majesty's territories in Europe, tlian are or shall be payable on like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country." This provision, in distinct terms, limits this convention to ti-ade relations be- tween the United States and Great Bri- tain in respect to all European pi-oduc- tions ; and in order to prevent any mis- take this adrlitional clause was added : " The intercourse between the United States " and His Britannic Majesty's possessions in " the West Indies and on the continent of North " America shall not be affected by any of the " provisions of this Article, but each party " shall remain in the complete possession of its " rights." This Treaty is as ])lain as woi'ds can make it. Sucli difficulty as has been re [rose SI tod does not exist, and I as-sui-e hon. gentlemen that no treaty has beei\ made on the subject since. It is time, I think that the Imperial authorities should be consulted upon this subject. I hope that the day is not far distant v.-lien we may have a statesman on these Benches — I am not prepared to affirm that he is nrt there now— who, with a clear head and a bold pen, will send such a despatch across the Atlantic In these ideas there is no novelty ; such was the policy of Canada up to 1847. when discriminatory duties pre- vailed throughout this country in favor of Great Britain as against all the world. In 1852, at (Quebec, Mr. Ilincks made a similar proposition to that which 1 now advocate in language which is sin- gularly applies l)le to the present state of things : " Our policy towards the United States," hi' stated, " has been one of one concession . Eng- " land had jiiven to the people of that country " most extraordinary advantve, seconded by my hon. colleague from Hamilton, that it be " Resolved, That this House in maintaining the policy adopted by the present and past Governments in limiting the rate of duties U| on the importutiim of tiiohc clasHes nf ar- tieles which are produced in the country, to the extent nquired to meet the wauls "t the revenue, fully appreciates the national l)cuifit8 arising from the degree of protection to the existing manufacturing industries of the Do- minion afforded under that system, but observes with regret that the fluctuations in price, result- ng from the tmrertJiin condition of fonign :narket>», affei-ting the Canadian markets, nnd MKapable of being foresein by the Canadian nianufactunr'^, ixposes our manufacturing in- terests t<> unfair competition, and this House, while now ready to record its approval of the general policy of the present Administration, isneveithchss of opinion, that the ^aid manu- facturing interests d'Serve the continued fos- tering care of Parliament, and that the time has arr ved when the Government of the Dominion •ihould inform the Imperial Govt rnment that the Parliament of Canada deems it necessary to revive some of the features of a former policy by imposing differential duties ; and to indi- cate, further, that in order to meet the difficul- ties against which Canadian manufactures are struggling, and in the general interests of the I'anaditvn public, and to bring the British and foreign manufscturer on neanr terms of equality in the Canadian market, this House wouhl he prepan d to approve of any measure to he sub- naitted to them by the Administration whereby I rate of not less than ten per cent should be added to the existing import tariff against such articles of foreign production, of which the same classes are manufactured in the Dominion liy way of difference to that extent in favour of the like classes of the production of the Mother Country." \l MR. WORKMAN S SPEECH. Mr. WORKMAN— In arising to ad- dress a few remarks to the House I have to crave its indulgence, fearing I may, to some e.Ktent, trench upon personal grounds. I will not detain the House long if lean avoid it. Before entering upon a discussion of the question now before us I cannot but express my deep ropret and mortification at th6 policy initiated ' i this House by the Finance Minister on Friday last. Since my arrival iu Ottawa a great many deputatioris from my constituents in Montreal have visited this city, and I Ikivo hud the pleasure, as it was my duty, to accompany these dopntaions to the different heads of departments and t<^ put them in mmmuni'jiation w^ith the Ministers of Fnance, Customs and others, in order that they might exj)lain to the loaders of the Govflrnment tlieir views in reference to this question of the tariff. I Ihiidi I am correct in stating that the gentlemen coiniJOsing these deputations formed a conviction from their inter- cour.-ewiih the>e he;ids of Departments that on the whii An lion. Gentleman — Never! Mr. WOEKMAN— if Ave cannot do so then it Avill bo useless further to discuss the question. I move in amendment, seconded by the hon. member for Montreal Centre, that all the words after that be struck out, and that it be " Resolved, That this House deeply regrets to learn^frora the speech of the Hon. Minister of Finance on Friday last, that the Government has not proposed to this House a policy of protection to our various and important manufacturing industries ; i 'id that the large amount of capital now invested in these industrieJ*, and their present de- pressed condition, render such a policy necessary to restore them to a condition of prosperity." 1 submit this amendment with a great deal of deference. Bcfoi-c 1 sit down i would like to allude to another matter which perhaps has been one of the causes that has produced the existing distress, in the mercantile community at least — the amount of money deposited in different banks throughout the Domi- nion — banks Avhich Avere not at the time fitted to become custodians of public money, or restore it Avhen called upon. Receiving large sums in deposit it was necessary for them to find customers for it; and to my certain knowledge, in two instances — banks wei'o so anxious to distribute this (Tovernmeut money — it Avas loaned to firms Avhich soon became bankrupt. In one case §179,000 Avere loaned to one establishment ; that should never have received more than ^30,000 or 840,000. In the other instance, a still Aveaker house, composed of very active and enterprising young men, whose cash capital did not exceed 65,000, obtained $212,000 discount ; and I belioA'e that at the date of their suspen- sion the sum under discount amounted to $li)7,000. The character of that paper being largely accommodation and partly forged Avas the most discouraging feature of the affair. If 1 these banks had not been confided such large sums they Avould have been naore careful as to its distribution and would have paid more attention in the selection of their customers ; fewer men would have engaged in business and there "»ould have been less competition ; firms doing business in a legimatc Avay Avould not have been obliged to submit to undue— nay, to ruinous competition ; for if the houses to Avhich I have re- ferred had obtained the sum to which they alone en titled — ten thousand dollars — they Avould not have been able to sacri- fice goods in Western Canada, as thej- did to tho great deiriraent of houses transacting their business in a proper manner. I mention this in order that the Government whenever it has a sur- plus may take better care of it, discon- tinuing the policy followed in thia regard during tlie.last eighteen months. The Finance Minister will be greatly deceived in his calculations concerning the receipts of Customs d ft ties during the next six months. I con.-ider that they will be less by 25 or 30 per cent., because I well know what a degree of depre.srtion exi.stti tliroughout every branch of trade. Had the hon. gentleman anked for the imjwsition of an additional 2^ per cent. on the taritt', it would have given a wonderful stimulus to the commerce of the country ; and in lieu of being a burden, as has been pretended, disa-strous to the lumbermen and farmers, I am prepared to prove that it would have been a decided advantage to the trade of the Dominion ; and tliat the lumberman, the farmer and the mechanic would have in consequence occupied a wonderfully improved imposition. The present prot?- tration will coLtinue for some time longer. I know that our country is full of vitality and enoj-gy, and that it will recover its prosperity; but if the Gov- ernment are not prepared to extend u helping hand to our industries, then I am pi-e pared to support anv resolution coming from hon. gentlemen on the other t»ide of the House which will phice this question fairl\- and squarely before the country. [Mr. Workman's amendment having been ruled out of order on the ground that an amendment to the amendment to a motion to go into Committee of Supply Avas out of oixler, ho gave notice that on the tirst opportunity he would otter it to the House.] ME. JOHN MACDONALD 8 Sl'KECH. Mr. MAC DONALD (Centre Toronto) — A few remarks may be expected from mo on this subject. Three days of the time of this House have been spent in the diBCu.ssion of matters relating to the financial depression of the country. A Committee was a-mmi*^t«« sitting to consider the de- pi'essed condition of the manufacturing interests of the Dominion, and the Gov- ernment adopting a policy which affords no help to the njanufacturing interests. I promised upon another occasion, when 1 last addressed the House, that I would reter to some of the causes which have brought this crisis about. I stated that among these was the cheap credit of England, but I have perhaps failed to impress on sonie of the members of this House the extent to which this evil exists. Startirig from the threshold, we have the young men of the country coming to the cities, as the last census exhibits, despising the labor of the field and seeking in the larger cities mercan- tile callings; and so long as that disgust — shall T call it — of Ir.bor, and tilling the soil exists, we shall have the same results. Here, then, is the source of the evil. They come to the city, and they easily obtain goods, the parties from whom they obtain credit having themselves easily obtained it. Notably, the export trade of Great Britain to this continent has been gradually leaving her, and her merchants have been taking with her customers in this country* greater risks than they otherwise would have done. The Goods from Great Britain are sent out to this country not 33 only to tlio man wlio buys them, but tliey lire ccMisigucd to othei* pactieH and thrown on the market irrespective ot value, and I appeal to this IIuUNe if this country has a c;onsuniing power for titty milliona of doihir^i worth of goods, and a huiidred millions are thrown on it, is it not ap|Kirent that every industry must ho depressed ? Let mo give one illustration. In the city of Montreal a very short time ago one concern, I was told, tailed lor a million and a quarter of dollai's. That concern, I understand, had very little diiticu'ty in arranging with their creditors in Oreat Britain at ton cents on the dollar. It is not a difticult thing to understand that a mil- lion and a quarter of dollars worth of goods thrown on a small market under such dishonest circumstances atfects it considei'ably. Credit is so. cheap in England that the same lirni while settl- ing for ten cents on the dollar was mak- ing arrarigemonts for renewing their ;efore your body for consideration at your present meeting, and we are very glatl to receive your coniinuni- catioD, in order that, ho far as we are ubie, wt may correct any misapiJrehcnsions which exist regarding the tnule lH;tween the United Stntcs and the Provinces. " Answerinn; your questions in the order in which they are propcundcd, we beg to say tliat we presume we are sending more Aniericin goods into the Provinces than any other house connected with the trath', and we can most emphatically state, that at no time and under no circumstances hove our goods been lold to your merchants at lower prices than those which we received from merchants doing busi- ness in our own States ; on the contrary, all uuj .Ts of merchandise of us, whether frcm the Canadas or from the most remote sections of our own country, are in every respect treated alike as regards the sale to them ot our goods. " In this connection we would suggest that our terms are confined strictly to our customers' ciedit of sixty days on what are called domes- tic goods, viz ; sheetings, shirtings and prints, while the foreign goods that we sell throughout the Trovinces or throughout the States are based on a credit of four months. "As an instance of how closely we hold to these terms, a proposition was made us within the past few days by a hmise doing business m Canada, of known standing and respectability, to purchase a eonsiderHble amount of our do- mestic goods, provijcd we would sell them on a credit of four months, adding interest foi the extra sixty days of time, which we promptly declined, simply because it was a longer credit than we are willing to grant on such goods. This instance, we think, is a fair illustration of the manner and time at which Ameaican goods arc being sold to Provincial merchants. We •wish we could advise you clearly and definitely regK-iing the increase of the trade in dry goods between the United States and the Canadas, but this is a question rather to be determined by your Custom House lecords than by any esti- mates which can be formed here. Our own trade with the Provinces during 1875 was in- creased moderately over that of 1874, but it hiis not grown to bo an element in our sales of sufficient importance to be especially noted." I shall not detain the House by read- ing the balance of the letter, but it is a very suggest ive proof to ray mind of the statement 1 have made, i have received since then further contirmation of the statement — the settlement of the atfairs of a wholesale house that has just gone into insolvency. Its liabilities, di- rect and indirect, are a quarter of a million, i know that it did a large American trade, but the amount of American liabilities represented in that quarter of a million is only two thousand dollars. The Americans havedisoounteet, and 1 wait with some degice of anxiety for that hon. gentleman's speech npon this important question. It has been stated that the hon. gertleman in- formed a deputation that his ])latform Wixs a Protection platlbim ; if that be true I await with anxiety Ids endorsa- tion in this House of that statement; and I say now if he ia prepared to put himself forward as the advocate of the manufacturing interests of this Domin- ion, he will tind the members for Mon- treal prepared to tbilow his lead in that pa- ticular matter. The question under the consideration of this House is one of vast importance to the countr but 1 regret to say the opir.ions of an over- whelming majority of this House is against those who advocate the im]>o- Mition of higher duties than those whic'.i we have at present. I can understand the embarrassing position in which the Government find themselves in this matter. The hon. gentleman from tht Maritime Provinces, it has been said, have called u])on the Finance Minister and the Leader of the Government and intimated to them that if any change was made in the tariff they might rely upon opposition fr()m these Provinces. I hope this is not true, for if it were it Avould ])rovc that Confederation could not after all produce the happy results wo were lead to anticipate would flow from it. H would be a most jjainful position for Ontario, Quebec, and the Western Provinces, to be placed in by any attempt of this kind, to force legis- lation on tl)e Government of the country by the threat " H30U doij't give us all " we want, wo ai'o prepared, regardless '' of all consequences, to record our " votes against you, and drive you from " tiie Treasury Benches." In Montreal ami other manufacturing centres the strongest possible hopes were enter- tained that the tiirilf would bo increased. 1 beliove the hon. men" her for Montreal West 18 to-day i*esponsibie, and is held responsible to some extent in Montreal foi- the loss which the merchants of that city have sustained by reason of the course ])ursued by the Government at the present moment. The hon. gentle- man has on the occasion of public meel- iiigo in Montreal held out certain in- ducements to the persons who were then assembled, whicdi led them to believe that some change in the tariff would be made; that change has not been made, and the hon. gentleman no doubt finds himself in a very embarrassing position. If he had it in his power no doubt he ^ v.ould mnko such a change as would \ satisfy his friends in Montreal West. L'l'Otection has not been afforded to the I manufacturers of the Dominion, and all I they can do is to record their protest I against the policy of the (nnernment. If the p(t))ulation of this country is ta be increased the manufacturers must bo afforded greater protection. No more powerful argument in favor of such a policy can be adduced than the fact that while we in the Dominion who are paying out large sums of inone}' annu- ally to encourage immigration to our shores, our own jieople, skilled in the language and industries of the country and accustomed to its climate, aro leav- ing for the Uintcd Slates, where they can find employment, while the ships are bi-inging hundreds upon hundreds of strangers into the Dominion at the same time. There must bo something- radical ly wrong, and there is soraething radically wrong in the Government of the countiy when such a state of attaii's can exist. Look at our position to-day ; look irito the great metropolitan city of the i'onuniou and see the condition of her aitiznns, labouiers and otherw who have now many of them to depend upon the foiip kitchens and the chaiity vi'' the citizens of iMontreal to navo them from 37 cxi-»andf, of vvorkingmon arc in a state of destitution. It is all very well f »r hon. getillemen to entertain free tra le opinions and give expression to tliein in this House, but thej*^ will have very little weight with men who have wives ■and childion who are starving, anil arc told to wait and sulfei" i> little moi-e until the policy of the Finance Minister had been more fn'.ly developed. Free- Trailers say pi'Otection is all vary well for Montreal, Toronto and Hamilton;" it may bo very convenient for tho.se Avho live in the cities in Oanj'da; protection Ttiay bo an- argument for tho.ra, we sym- i)athi.~e with them; but if wo become Protectionists ^v'hat becomes of the agri- cultural classes. Everyone knows that it is to protection England owe^ Ium- commercial prosperity- and present com- mercial greatnoss. Hon have ! aid the protection meet very w.ll the views of Montreal, but rub out Montreal from plo? I a])prehend not. There is not a man in tliis country who would consent to occnp}' a position of that kind. Gon- sideiations of that kind shoul'l not for one moment enter into oui- ail"p'ion of a policy. If our jiolicy is just and can be recomtnetided we o' ght to legi-late accrtrdingly, irrespective of what, olhei' countries may think or doi ' • s; iCiii The manufavturers of this nominion, r contend, are onlitku to gi eater piotec- tion than is accorded them now. They a-ked to be jtlaced on an equal footing with the United Slates, wliich was a fair recpiost. That country numbers tbrty-four millions; we are but four millions, and if we are to compete with them, tlieie is no reason why it should be under olher than ecjual conditions. When they close their markets against us we should retaliate by closing our markets against them. [On tho 7th ol March tho adjourned debate ujion the motion tliat "The Speaker do now leave tho chair for tho lious:3 to go again into Committee of Siipi»ly," Mr. Workman ni')ved the amendment of which ho had previously given notice.] ■nM 38 n. ■ .if- ; SPKECII IJV SIR JOHN A. MxVCUONALD ON Mit. workman's motion. Protection to Native Industries. Sir JOHN A. MACDONALD, after a lew prelimimvry vfcmarks, said : Sir, I believe, that tl\e manufacturing interests of this countr^'.^ in their present titate of depression, require the adoption of » policy similar to that announceil authoritatively as it were by the hon. gentleman in Montreal. I also think that the agi-icultural interests of Canada requires and calls for the protec- tion, which is spoken of; but, Sir, be- cause this resolution only goes halfway, that is r.o roa..;on why 1 should vote against it. I shall be in favour of the resolution of my hon. friend from Mon- treal West, and I shall endeavour h(>re- after, when I have the ojiportunity to extend the resolution in the direction I have indicated. This resolution 1 shall read at once as a notice to my hon. friends o]>posito and the country of what 1 intend to propose. Wheil the oppor- tunity otters, daring the course of the present Session, I shall move, "That it " be rcf'olved, that this House regrets " that His Excellency the Olovernor- " General has not been advi^ed to recom- " mend to Parliament a measure for the " r9-adjustment of the taritt', which will " not only tend to alleviate the stagna- *' tion of business, deplored in the speech '•' from the Throne, but al^o aiford on- "couragomcnt and protection to the " struggling manufacturers, and indiis- " tries as well as the ag'-iculturai pro- " ductions of the country.' This is the resolution, Mr. Speaker, which if I had the good tbrtune to have preceded my hon. triend tVom Montreal West, I woulil have moved, and which I intend to pro))oso hereafter. ^ow, Sir, at this lale Jijour, and atler tiio long speeches already made, 1 do not intend to e.uer into any long series of remarks on the great theories of free trade and ])rotection ; but one thing is very remarkable — that in all this dis cussion, and in all various discussions wliich have taken pla'-e since the begin- ning of ihe Session, hon members, or some of them, think that free-trade is politicul economy. Political economy in a groat science ; and a tentative science ui^ yet experimental — a science which embraces in connection with the political system, in the wildest- ttrms, all that concerns the material progress and prosperity of a nation and of all nations. Free-trade is a very subor- dinate branch of it, but it is a branch ; it has bee. I elevated, and it was raised in the time of Cobden, owing to the ' great success of free trade in bread, almost to bo a religion, and Ninco his ( oath it almost seems that it has been degraded i to a superstition ; but, Sir, free trade, as has been said again and again ad nauseam, must be reciprocal. Fjee trade, free intercourse between nations, means what the word expresses; it does not signify that one nation must bind the other to that phrase, without regard to disturbing causes, or the situa- tion of the nation itself, or of foreign nations, or the difference, of tariff. Free trade does not mean that a country, under all circumstances, mu»t open its doors to all nations, no matter what their customs may be, no mattor what their financial system may be, and with- out exercising any judgment, or using any guaid,or employing any protection with regard to the country itself; tlvia is not the opinion of any really groat Political Economist. This v'ow is per- haps held by the minor lights of the Manchester School ; but the great Poli- tical Economists have always admitted the existence of disturbing causes, aiu.1 have always held that there are other things as important, and more important to a nation, than the mot e aggregation of wealth, and the supi'cmacy of tree trade or protection. The collective int'U'ests of a nation must be considered. They are various, and a nation must stand on its own ground. Theorists, with regard to f ee trade, have laboiu'cd 'jndor a misapprehension, and have ad- vocated a false science, opposed to the protection of thu industries of a country under any circuiu^tancos. Now, that in not the opinio'i, as wo all know, of John Sluai t Mill. His celeltrated passage, in his book, which has been so often quotetl, 1 will quote again. It has been rej)eatei\ to the fact of our industries being in their infancy, and the other disturbing in- fluences not alluded to by Mr. Mill, which add to the reasons why our manufacturos have the same right to be encouraged that the child has to look to the parent for guidance until able to walk alone. Mr. Mills, the Free-Trader,' goes much further than many gentlemen in tills House who will vote against the resolu- lion. IJe does not speak of a revenue tariff which would aftord incidental pro- tection to our manufacturers as being justifiable, but he lays down the board principle to encourage native industries; if they are fitted for the circumstances of the climate, soil and people of a country, protection ought to be given, and is Justified on the true principles of political economy. But we hoar hon. gentlemen say it is not for the interest of the manufacturers themselves to have protection. It would create monopolies, and monopol' ' b' -.-g on apat'\7 and lottiargy. If Mr ..lills thought it was not in the interest ot the manufacturers to protect them, he would not have said so in the passage I have read. Ho holds it out for the purpose cA' encouraging infant manufacturers in their struggling stale, and lays it down that it is not only e.\cusablo and defen- sible, but justifiable. He thought rea- sonable protection would bo for the bone- fit of the manufacturers themseivo- ; but in this country we are not? called upon to break otn* heads upon theories. We know perfectly well in tho circumstances of this Ij'ominion, a young countiy ex- tending from sea to sea, .ilmost without bounds, thai tho development and im- provement of our resources, tlio great works that will bo undertaken by the country, will for l(»ng after wo who are here will be no more, call for a large revenue. If this bo true, a.s a matter of course in the ailjustment of the tarifl' 40 taxation should be so imposed as to do the least harm and the most good. We cannot have in a yovini:; and compa'-a- tively iK)or country like this, direct taxation. ^Ve have handed that source of revenue ovt^r to the Local Legisla' ui cs and municipaliiies. When you take our local rates and the certainty that in the not distant future the Local Legisiatuios must rosort to direct taxation, j-ou W'll see that source of revenue will not afl'o.tl hopes of our being able to resort to it. We must trut-t to our customs, therefore, as the pi'incipal source of our future ic- venue. Now, what can be moie reason- able than to so adjust the tai-itf for revenue purposes that it will enable us to meet our engagements, and to develop our resources, tlio duties falling upon the articles we ourselves a^-i ca])able of rroducing. The Governm . • ^' which was a member since 1854 p\ > the same course. They Kid down . prin- ciple, that the taxation should be adjust- ed in such a Avay as to be as little burden some as possible u])on the people, and bo placed on those articles which we can profitably produce uur>elves. That policy was laid down strongly l>y my colleague at that time, the present Hon. Sir Alex. (rait, lie laid down for us the principle of a national policy, that v*o should consider our own interests only, and that in an adjustment of the taritt we should endeavour to fo>tor all the^ had to yield. We were overborne occa siotially, and had to make some step backward, but on the whole, wc bel. steadil}' to the principle and carried i out as stiongly and uuifbrnily as ivt coulil. We were forced at one time U' reduce the tariff to a con.siderablee.xtent ; at another time, not; long ago, we tool- up the national policy, which has beer made a matter of ridicule, and carried it certaiidj'uot l»3'a huge vote, Withaverj short sighted policy on the part of iht manufacturers of Canaiia that national f)olicy was opposed by them. If the,) lad Known their inteie.»t they would no have joined in the attack made upon it. and if they have, to a certain degioe, hai. it recoil on their heads, it is because they opposed it 80 blindl}'. J believed then, and 1 l)elieve now, that tlie two jnust go hand in hand — that you cannot sever them. I believe it is'the interest of the agriculturist to have ;i certain market at his own door. 1 believe it is not in the interest of the great agricultural com- munity to be forced to Kx k to a foreign market altogether for the sources of their prosperity and f>r their purchasers. 1 believe no nation has ever heretofore, or will ever hereafter, ri.se to any emin- ence in civilization, thoarts and scieneos, or prosperity of any kind, unless it honou.s agriculture and etn-ourage ma- nufacture. To be sure, we heard fiom the Finance Minister — a gentleman whoso parliamentary courtesy is only exceeded by his financial ability — thai, it would have the effect of di-iving peo])le from the country into the town it is not every nuui can bo or likes to be a farmer, and 'iho .nan who is unwillingly made one will always be a failure. There is no life in the world in my estimation moie ha])py and enviable than a farmer's, under the circumstances in which he ia placed in Canada. It is a plea.sant inde- pendentlife, bringingdomesticliappitie.«8 and all that the expression implies, but still, all men are not to be farmers. There is the man of coiist.uctive genuis, who teela that his function in life i^j to be- come an artisan or mechanic, to ei ter into a trade or some of the other various pur- suits. These as|)irationsot the young men >f the country are not to be checked or li.scouraged. Oa the contrary, that ountry is the best md will be most iro-perous where every man has the ituiosi, freedom to choose that mode of lil'o, and exorcise the abilities (rod has 4,iven him freely and without limil, It .vould be almosi pedantic to reibr to the hose of antiquity, but looking at all hose whii-h have been civilizeil in the '.iriie-it history, sacred or profane, you .viU find that whoi'evor a nation has nerged from baibarism they have built ip great cities. So itisin uiodei'n times ;^ ! )ok at the llanseatic towns, the com- mercial cities of Italy and tl-e Lower Countries. iJut it is saaniifacturing, and for otlier good purposes. Tlierefore, the proposition L would hold up is simply that the dam should bo raised iiigh enough not to retain the water altogetlier, tor that would ravage the country instead of e, if there was to be any deficiency. I ask a'iy hon. gentlemen who heai'd that speech, if he can tell mo now what the deficiency is to be ori th.e tst of July next. We are told that a system of economy is to be followed, but how, can this House toll whether those ec()n()mics will bc^ sufficient unless the hon gentlemen tells ns what the deficien'"V will be? For the hon. <>en- tlemen not to toll us was like performing the play of "Hamlet" with ilamlet left out. 1 can only account for his omit- ting to give us that information on tho supposition that his speech was pre- pared for delivery before tho Goveni- raont changed their intention of bring- ing down an alteration in tho tarilf. I have heard it stated — 1 think my hon. friend tho Minister of Justice stated it the other day — that the (fovernmerf had had no intention of altering tho tariff. Well, of cour.se, my hon. friend would not have stated that if it were not true. It may be perfectly true that the Government did not reduce the chaage to an Order in Council, and that they did not submit it to the Governor Gei.eral. 1 assume that the hon. gen- tleman therefore thought himself justi- fied in making that statement; but on the whole the circumstances show that the intention of the Government. — or at all events that the intention of the lead- ing members and the head of the Gov- ernment — was to bring down sorac alteration in tho tariff, and an alteration in the direction of protection to our manufacturers. AYhy, tho member for Montreal West stated in his place thai, certainly the deputations which waited on the members ( f the Government on their invitation left them with tho im- pression on their minds that there was going to be an alteratioA. Every one of those parties who communicated on tho subject with lion, gentlemen oppo- site, left them with the firm belief that an increase in tho tariff would be announced; and I liave no doul>t that when the memhei for Montre.n Weat made a statement to that effect in Mon- treal, and afterwards told us here ho was too busy in considering the question of the tariff to sit on thoCommittoo of my hon. friend from Both well, he must have thought he had received sufficient iutormation to vvarrant him, as a public making in of those that ontlo man and as a trader, announcement. Some men, too, whom I saw up hero tho other day from Montreal, one of them I wuh told was a leading Grit, said it was an insult to them. We have been asked, he said, in Montreal, 1o make sonii.' >ug- gestions about the alterations in tho tariff, and we interested ourselves in that subject, and il' the Government had had no intention of making an alteration in the tariff, why did they give us the trouble of addressing ourselves to such a task? Why ask us to go into tho quo.stion of tho tariff at all? Why ask the hon. member for Montreal West to go and study the matter, if tho (lovern- ment had not come to the conclusion to make any alteration ? Why should hon. 43 of lUSt ent .lie hiit. itlo ll)or wan ail vGtl, tho h!l(! tiO!l the BlU'h Uie ank t to em- it to hon. gentlemen have allowed it to ^o abroad that they intended to make a chanj^e, to the ^reat injury of the trade of the (jountry, for it is a fact that the slightcijt hint of that Ivind dibturbs the public confidence, and works in8tantan>i! sand direct mischief? As I intend t', make it ray duty to ask this House, if I am spared, to accept the resolution I have already road, I shall not occupy the House at this lato hour jvny longer, but just to say this, that in this matter the Government lost a great opportunit}-. The country at one time believed, it still believes, and always will believe, that the Government had made up their minds, until a few days ago, to avail themselves of it. Men who can put this and that together, and who can draw inferences from facts, thought it was the intention of the Government, in some way or other, to come forward with a measure of relief. These gentlemen from Montreal said they were received with great courtesy b}- the hon. gentle- men at the head of the Government, and he led them to believe that he was only prevented by the pressui'o of his friends in Parliament, and the fear of not being supported by them, from bringing in such a nxeasuro. Now, I can scarcely believe that a pressure of that kind would have induced them to change their fixed policy. There are only two solutions to the question why they have acted as they have. One is this, — that my hon. fiiend tlir Premier desires to please tJio gentlemen from the Maritime Provinces by a return to the free-trade principles which ho ouun- ciated in Scotland, lie was hampered on tlio one side by free trade pledges which ho made at J)undee and el.sc- whero. and ho was hampered, on tlio other hand, by promises made to his friends in this country and b}' the sup- posed necessity of electing my hon. friend from Montreal West, lie was ako hampered by hiti Sii'uiu speech. lie had a choice of d'tiicu'ties. lie was a Free Trade.* iu Scotluad, and a Protec- tionist in Mo-^tronl. Tlicrefore, my hon. friend was e.\;c«>^dingly glad to h;ive this pressure brought to hear upon him, and ho returned to his first love — his Dundee love. Ho threw over my hon. friend from Montreal West, and made him the loapegoat, and sacriticod him and his friends. Perhaps there might bo another object — that when the lion. Premier came to look at the difficulties of the tariff ho got frightened. lie remem- bered the horrible mess the Finance Minister made of it the Session before last, and his unsuccessful attempt to deal with the various articles; and my hon. friend — joining perhaps in his secre'. heart in that want of confidence which everybody expressed in the Fi- nance Minister's ability to make a sufferable, decent policy — was able to say to his colleagues, '• Well, you see, " these Maritime people won't vote for •' us, and this will he a good way of " getting out of the scrape." And so notwithstanding all the previous labours of the different Boards of Ti-ade, and of the people of Montreal and elsewhere who were invited to express themselves as to the alteration of the tariff, and notwithstanding the expectations held out by my hon. friend from Montreal "West, everything is thrown over, and hero Vv'c ai-o back whoi-e we were last summer. The hon. gentleman oppo.siio has lost a great opportunity. The country would have been grateful if he had come forward with a measure for its i-elicf, and I believe he might have exi)ected the hearty support of hon. gentlemen on this Bide. ^ lion. .Mr. .MACKENZIE — Hear ! hear ! Sir .lOIIN A. :\[ AC DONALD— My hon. friend smiles ironically. Perha^^s the hon. gentleman, judging from the manner in which he acted when in Opposition, cannot conceive it possible that any ])arty rising sujierior to the prospect of a party triumph, could sacri- fice party considerations for the good of the country. This is, however, the principal which actuates us upon this side. I am as strong a party man as my hon. friend, and will' go as ftir for party as ho ; and ])arties can, and ought to, fight and have their struggles, triumphs ;md defeats, .so long as the country is not made the victim and does not suffer. But I say that that party is unworthy to retain the coutidence of the ])eoplo who, in their desire for victory, forgets the country. That is not tlie principle which actuates us on this side, a'ld I hope it will never actuate us. Surely there is a wide enough field to fight political battles. and urge jtolitical prin- ciples without injuring the country. ^4 My lion, friend must Imve I'clt in his own heart tliiit ho niinht have expected the sfronij; support ot this side to any reas- onabio proposition that could have hcon made for an inndental tariff to protect our manulhctiirei's and give tlieiu some aid, some alleviation, comfort and assist- ance in til is time of distress. The mannfaciurcrs of this country liavo been hoping against hojio. Some have been working lialf-tinie, some have been worlving three-quarters time, ard some have scarcely lieen keeping their doors cpen, hoping and believing they would get assistance ; and now ift this last moment, just as they thon;;lit the time of relief' was coming, just vvhen their tether was strained to tlie utmost, wticn they were Icecping on tlieir work people — after hi. ving spent all their own money — b}' their ciedit and by pledging their resources, in the hope and belief that they weie going to get assistanc( from the (rovernment, no aid was given. The disappointiuent was dreadful, and thei'e was deep indignation — cuises nbt loud but deep— at this he:irtle>8 Jiolicy which led them, up to the very last moment to expect relief, and at the last moment, owing to some apprehended difficult^'whicli, if faced manfully, would have disappeared, they were disap- pointed, and the Tnanufacturers tnid those who depended upon them, the working people and their families, were left in a state of suspense, and now almost in a state of despair. But not only are the manufactui-ers — who had a right to expect that thej- would be assisted — not only are they driven 1 1 despair by the callous timidity of the Government, but the merchants in every city and town in the Dominion, who thought and believed, from the assur- ances of the (rOvernment, from the in- ferences they drcNy, that there would be an alteration in the tariff, ])ledged their credit in order to get their goods out of bond, a!id that is a great addition to the commercial sutfeiing, depression and Rtignation which exists in the country. This CTOvernmont had a': opportutdty which may never offer it..-ctf again. Not- withstanding their very many faults Avhich have ripened to matuiity in a very short time, if they had come for- ward with a measure ot the kind I indi- cate, and which was indicated by my hon. friend, an 1 bv the motion I had the honor to read just now, the country would have condoned all their offeni es, and given them jjlenary absolution for all iheii- sins of omission. They would have spoken with renewed contidcnce. and held their position, and we would have been left in the cold shades of Op])osition ycjir after year.* They uould retain the confidence of the country by having come forward, in the time of need, commercial stagnation, ruin and misery, to the rescue. It is no compensation to us that this mistake, this gravest erroi' of the hon. gentleman oj)posite, will redound to the advantage of tbe Opposition. 1 know and feel that it is no compensatifm to us that the party to which I belong are very many steps nearer a return to power than the}' were a week ago, in consequence of the Gov- ernment having adojited this policy. It is no consolation to us. it were in- finitely bettor that the Government should have been sustained for years, if they had come forward at this time of trouble to the relief of the countrj', the relief of the manufacturers, the oper- atives and their starving families. I have spoken principally about manu- facturei'S, as the resolution of my hon. friend is confined to the protection of that interest. I am sure it can be shown that the agricultural interests have the same rights as the manufacturing and the same claim on this House. Although not a farmer myself, nor the re])resenta- tive of a rural constituencj-, from the position I hold f am overladen with con-cspondcnce from rural constituents and from the farmers of the country — men whom I know to bo farmers and not amateurs — real, hai'dy, intelligent sons of the soil. The}' all ])oint in one direction — that the farmers are now awakening to their claim, partly from sentiment, T admit, but jKirtly from a sense of injustice, and that they will no longer suffer Canada to be flooded with American agricultural products, whilst our ])roductlons are literally excluded from crossing their boi-dors. fiMr. Workman's amendment was de- feated. Yeas, (54; Nays, 111). The following being the division :— ] Baby, Benoit, Bh.in, blunchit, Ykas — Messieurs, BowuU, Brookei, Brousc, Brown, 45 of Cameron (Victoria), Caron, Cimon, Colby, Cuthbert, DuCosraos, Desjardins, Devlin, Domville, Dugas, Farrow, FctrgUKon0 Flfsher, Fraser, Gaudet, Gill, Haggart, Harwood, Hurteau, Irving, Jotto, Jones (Leeds), Kirkpatrick, Langevin, Lanthier, Little, Macdonald (Toronto), McDonald (C Breton), McDongal (Tliree Kiv.), MaomHian, McCalliim, BIcQuade, lliisson, Mitchell, Monteith, Montidaisir, Mousseaii, I'alincr, I'insonncaiilt, riutt, Plumb, Pope, Kobiiison, Robaitille, Rouleau, Steplienson, Tupper, Wallace (Norfolk), White (Hastings), Wliite (Renfrew), AVooii, Workman, Macdonald (Corn wall), Wright (Ottawa), Macdonald (Kingstou),Wright (Pontiac) — 64. Nays — Messieurs, Appleby, Archibald, Aylmer, Bain, Banni.tyne, Barthe, Bfechard, B'jrnier, Bertram, Biggar, ' Blake, Borden, Borron, }< iurassa, Bowman, Bover, Buell. Bunster, Burk, Burpee (St. John), Burpee (Suubury), Cameron (Ontario), Carmichael, Cartwright, Ca8 two connlriei. For years and yeiirs it was pressed u|jot» the Cfovern- ment of the day, which in turn piossed it upon TTor Mnjosty's Govei'ninent, and se 49 . U the latter upon tlio United St:vtes. Tlifit agitation was commenced under Mr. Baldwin's Iteform Administration, con- tinued under Mr. Hinclvs' Administra- tion, and finally under tlio Administra- tion of SirAllenMacnab, of which I was u member. But during that Administra- tion we never claimed an}- credit for the negotiation. Our part in its consum- mation was a mere formal one. The treaty had been made, concluded and perfected before wo It-id anything to say about it. So beneficial to the «;ountry was this measure in proraotinj; the in- terests of the farmers that the Govern- ment paid £20,000 and more for the expenses of its negotiation. There was such an increase in the prosperity of the counti-y in consequence of tliat treaty that the greatest apprehension of ruin fell upon us on its cancellation. We were anxiously looking forwaril for I'clief, and every effort was made by the Cana- dian and Imperial Governments to effect a renewal, and every possible concession was made, consistent with self-respect, and perhaps that border was overleaped in our anxiety to effect that object. When the American Government refused to renew the Treaty it was a great blow to the various agricultural interests, but the gloomy apprehensions of ruin were happily not realized. Blessed with a fertile soil and a good climafe, they sur- vived and ovei'came the great losses which fell upon the country "n conse- quence of the cutting off' of that great source of trade — that constant and valu- able market. There were thrco reasons why the renewal was refused. One was a feeling of hostility, perhaps a natural one to some extent, iu consequence of heart-burnings arising between the mother country and the United States, on account of the unhappy events of the civil war. This feeling of hostility to- w^ards England and her depondenciee was one moving cause why the treaty was not renewed. The second cause was an unfounded idea that shutting out our farmers and the mass of the people from the profitable trade they had enjoyed for the previous ten years would force them to favour annexation, to cast in our lot with the United States, and thereby obtain a free market. The last cause was that the American farmers along the frontier, the producers of the vai-ious natural products of the United States, declared it was for their interest and good that we sliould be excluded from their markets. I will not yield to my hon. friend the Premier in my respect for the intelligence and common sense of the farming population. I believe as reading and thoughtful men, and as men who understand their own interests, they are equal to any other class of the com- munity. If the agriculturists of the United States say that Canadian products should be excluded from tl.o American markets, siircly it is not unjust or unwise for our farmers to say : '* If j'ou shovr " hostility towards the Government to " which we adhere, oi-any desire to keep " your market to yourselves to influence " you, we will be quite justified in adopt- " ing the same course in regard to you." It is a natural and a true feeling, and one belonging to huraanity,'thatfair play is bonnio ])iay. To be sure, if it can be shown that the adoption of that policy would be injurious to our farmers we ought not to pursue it ; but I cannot understand the state- ment of those gentlemen who say that it would be injurious in one breath and tell us in'the next that we have a surplus of agricultural products to sell. If we have a surplus, what harm could ex- eluding the Americans from our markets do ? But it was said by some hon. gen- tlemen : " But we import very largely " from the United States, and it is good "for our carrying trado to have Ame- "rican vessels jjassiny through our " waters and canals." It is perfectly true that this is a great advantage, but it is a different question altogether. The putting of a duty upon the agricultural products of the United Slates will not injure this trade, unlesH we chose to shut down our canals. But, it is said : " We " buy Indian corn ; they grow it cheaper " in the United States. ' I believe they do grow cheaper, in the case of Indian corn ; if you put a very small duty on it, it can still bo brought in to be used by the people of this country. It is only or chiefly required for our distillers ; and thus not only would a very considerable revenue be created, especially in a time like the present, when we have a defi- ciency in our revenue, but at the same time it would encourage*the growth of coarse grains by our farmers ; and as long as wo have distillers, I think oven my hon. friend from South Ontario will gen- irgely good Ame- our fectly e, but The tnral I not fihut We cajier they ndian nil it, d by only ; ivnd erable time dofl- fiamo th of nd as oven will 4t admit that our farmers ouglit to ob. lin ugood price for their lyc, peas and other coarse grains used in distilling liquor, as well as the Americans. (Voice — What about barley ?) The hon. gentleman says what about barley. Wo do sell our barley to the UnitcdStates, and wedo payaduty ou it. Hon. (ienticmen — No ! No! Sir JOHN A. MACDONALD— We sell our barley to the United States, and it is subject to a duty of 15 cents on the bushel, but our fai-mers export barley, notwithstanding, and if wo ])ut on 15cts. on every bushel coming in this c which will bring about a shrinkage of ^ values and a sacrifice of property, oi;^], whether it is made a slaughter market r by trades union combinations in the ' United States. Whichever may be the case they are sending goods into the Canadian market with the avowed pur- pose of crushing our native manufac-. tures. Mr. HOLTON— What a misfortune. Sir JOHN A. MACDONALD— The hon. member for Chatoauguay says what a misfortune. .Y^es, Sir, it is a misfortune. Every shrinkage of values is an injury to the community. If in this town 20 or 30 merchants fail, and' if their stocks are thrown oa the mar- ' ket as bankrupt stocks, tho consumer will derive a temporary advantage. But it is only a temporary gain, for there is a real loss to the community. An injury is caused to tho solvent mer- chants who are unable to contend against the sacrifice prices at which such bankrapt stocks are throAvn on the market, they, too, become embar- rassed; the circle of bankruptcy is increased, and a general state of stagna- 99 kiji tion and commercial depression brought on. The other day we heard a gentle- man in the House read extracts from the Chicago Tribune, pointing out the awful consequences that would result to Canada if we adopted the American system. It is not ray intention to de- fend the wisdom of American financiers. The Americana are a great and prosper- ous nation. They know what th;y ai e about, and one can scarcely belie' e that a seifgoverning and educated people are carrying out such an utterly ruinous system as tliat which has been npoken of. It is not my business to defend their financial policy, but I certainly want to quote a United States paper as T.n authority to show that it would not ruin us if we kept American raanufac- turcrr out of our markets. But let mo read the American authority on that point. The article is takcti from the North American Revieio, and pub' 'shed in the American Manufacturer. It is as follows : — " In a letter now be" -e us to a frienave already had eno'.gh.' So, too, says Aubtrih ii/glish journalistn advising us 'that she stano> ready, at the earliest permitted moment, to Q;;nounce the whole reciprocity Bysti;m ; and the wool growers of Hungary being even now engaged in an earnest effort at bring- ing about some airangement with Australian woollen manufacturera simihir to that which has here exiHted for some years past. Belgium adheres to protection, and the most distingiiislied of her teachers, M. Lave Uye, has just now astonished his free trade friends by a renunci- ation of the doctrines of their economic rchool. Italy follows snit, the Manchester Gvardian asmring its read«rB that ' the J^talian Govern- ment is endeavoring to impose a tariff so highly j^-otective in its terms that one is alr-«i8t led to wonder whether the Italian people are not ft)r- getting their own history, and the London Eco- nomist describing the Itiilian prospect as a complete :.'tum to the protectionist sys- tem,' Germany moves in the B'lme directioi., a lettei uow un our table advising an Amerieai.' correspondent that' the current in the direction ol increased protection is now" setting more strongly than at any time in the past " Turkish stati^smen, as we leiirri from the Levant Herald, are awiiking to the fact that to the absence of prottcviuu lias been due the pre^iint luinnus condition of the country, and that without a total ( hange of policy no chiiiige for the bett'r can be looked for. Ruasin, aiter hpving for a ■' '.I,'-'' ■'' V ■■•••"' *''',4',; '■ '•■ . ^''fiiViLiJi' time modified her protective system, has Kiace returned to it with renewed energy, and now stands among the foremost of protective nations, determined that not only shall the needs of her own people be supplied from domestic factories and furnaces, but that by means of the numer- ous railroads now in progress they shall be enabled to contend successfully with Britain- for all the markets of Central Asia, and even, as we now are told, lor that of Western China . " France, consistt^ntly protective throughout the whole of the present centur>i, rejoices in a foreign commerce that grows more steadily and rapidly than that of any other country in the world ; ami in a prosperity so undisturbed by the present almost universal commercial crisis- that she has been but now described by a British journalist as bearing to all appearanco 'a chermed life.' India, with her almost nomi- nal wages and but slight protection, is now entering into vigorous competition with tho textile manufactures of Britain, and promises soon to 8upj)ly the home demand for that rail- road iron for which she has been thus far so- entirely dependent on Britisn ironmasters. Australia becomes from year to year more earnest in her adlierence io a protective policy, and the day approaches when Canada must inevitably follow in the same direction. Among ourselves the advantages of a great home market becomes from day to riay more clearly obvious to our farmers and planters, and the day seems not far distant when the headquarters of protection will be found among the mills and furnaces of Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee. That such is the universal tendency of the present moment is admitted by the London Telegraph, which now reluctantly acknowledges that ' in spite of prophfcies and smooth woids, and the lifted voices of miscalculating friends, the world, since the repeal of the corn laws, has gone on in it8' old bad way ;' that is to say in a way adverse to- tiiat policy wliich looked to the establishment in Britain of the one and only * workshop of the World.' " Where may now outside of the Cobden Cl:ib be found the home of British free trade policy and doctrine ? Scarcely even in Britain, whoso markets are being supplied with the products of h)w priced foreign labour, and to such an extent RS to have di ,,rived thousands, tens of thou, -ands of British working men of the means of obtaining bread for their wives and childeen. "Thirty years since they were told th»t with, free trade in corn, and frei admission of tho manufactured products of the world at large, there would come the ' cheap loaf,' and perfect harmony bitween employers and employed ; the result of si:ch measures now exhibiting itself in the faetf ihat discord seems almost universal : that *l.o Vontemporary Review, speaking of and fur Greav Britain, assures its readers that ' there :r. no reasonable doubt that in no other civilized part of the worlu are there > o many deaths traceable ti' starvMlcn as in tins country,' and that thosj '.'f the London Hour are s uult#nc- ously assured that ' we cannot look in any oiiv hingle directiv)!! without being irarto aware of ihe positive and absolute failure of free trade as carried out by England. Our mAnufft':turer» cl to- lent the iioso v)f ;lont limi- of witiL tho arge, srfect lyed; itsulf rsal : aud there lizud eathti and tMtie- any I wart) nude ,urer» • ■ f suffer, our exports suffer, our shipping suffers, the social and physical con litioa of our people Buffers, our character and honor suffers, and yet there is a politcal party in England that still maintains that this ruinous policy must be ad- hered to. • • * Political k;ad Trt of this stamp little dream in 'vhat direction tht thoughts of the whole trading community arc being forced by the results of modern Lib^^iral legislation ; they little dream of the dfRcultics almost every man in business has to contend against uniler free trade and unlimited competition ; they little dream that, although there is no jiopular action m y> t, there is a universal conviction that the whole commercial policy of the Liberal statesmen of England must be revised, or the suffering and losses of the people will get be- yond recovery.' ' Having studied carefully the facts we have thus presented, our readers, as we think, can scarcely fail to arrive with us at th(j conclusion that that British free trade system which lookeil tc giving to the manufactu'-ers ofBrituin a com- plete control of the commerce of the world, now totters to its fall, and that its accoptiwice by other nations must at no distant day take its place among the most remarkable delusions of the past." ' ' , , This is an article from an American nowpapor, quoting IVom Bcvoral Englisli iiuthoritioa, but i will call the attention of tiie House to a sliort note in tlie Westmitister Review. It is written ot) the necessity of paying ott the national debt while they ace ricli, and before tliey become poor. llomoinber tlie West- minster lieuieio \h the organ of free trade, the organ of Cobdenism, and of M.r. Bright' a consistent supporter of every- thing h )eral in religion, in politics, and in finance. Says tU^. \Vest7mnster Jie- view : ,„?,, .,,i ., '„.,..•. . - , ,; ■ V. ' Wo snail not bo confidered premature; we hope, in pointing out danger in tbis direction when we read in the public prints that tn-es are being delivered in the neighborhood of Shef- field at prices far lower than those itt. which they can be produced there— that American calico is sent fur sale to Ma'icliester at thirteen pence a pound, while th'j same qualtiy cannot be produced there under thirteen pence half- penny — that a Halifax carpet firm have remov*d a large portion of their machiueiy to the United Btatea, wLere they hoped to turn out their goods r tore quickly a.;d more pioiiUtbly — that Knglish black silks have given place to those of Krance, Prussia, and the Lower llhine — that Bofile hns hcriously crippled the ribband trade of Coventry — that the ii'iigliBli siik velv>.t triule is quite snutted out, our v Ivets now coming frciu Crefeid in llhenish Uunsia — that in the trimming deparimont of cur warehouses eveiy- thing — buttons, braids, trimming and headed trimming, and a thousand other artuiles — is of almost exjlMsively U.;rmnn manufm-tiire, aiul displayes a style and finiHli superior to anything we oau pi-«xiuet— that in low wooK n shawls of a certain kind, the Germans give better value than the English ; while in their tissue shawls the French excel the Scotch — that of useful goods, even when originated here, samples are sent abroad and are imitated and improved upon in such a manner as to displace the patterns — that in fancy dress the best woolen goods are of French manufacture, coming from Roubaix ; their beauty of colour and softness of texture excelling the xinglish ones — that beautiful and artistic fabrics, resembling sealskin and dogskin aud other fanciful articles which come; from Berlin, are used here fvr ladies' cloaks — that while common and inf-rior cloths are bought at Leeds, thtt finer kinds come from Germany and Belgium — that in brocaded silkN, from which neckties are made, Germany has dis- placed Macclesfield, while German ijrace webs lake the place of those supplied by Leicester — that in fancy handkerchiefs for ladies' neckties the Freneh article is pnferred to that made at Paisley orGIasgo v — that the silk coverings for umb lias and parasols arc invariably of foreign produeticm in fin ■, that in many departments entGovernmen t af»,«r the solemn declarations the hon. gentlemen opiiosite have made and allowed to be mud'>. We have no ex- loctation they will laverse their policy, tliiitour nianulU'-lureru will be protected, thai cur tnining iiilerosis will be deve- loped or out farmers placed on the same fouling aB tho^eof the United States, by any action of the hon. gentlemen oppo -jatii^k. 52' site. There is no hope in this House, and thoreforo Ave must appeal by this resolution, which I am going to place in your hand, from the Government and their followers, to the sober second thought of the cotiutry. I move " that the Speaker do not lOw leave the chair, but that it be resolved chat this House regrets His Excel'ency tha (iovernoi--Geneial has not been advised to recommend to Parliament a measure for the readjustment of the tariff, which would not only aid in alle- viating the stagnation of business de- plored in the gracious speech from the throne, but would aiso afford fitting en- couragement and protection to the strug- gling manufactures and industries, as well as to tiie agricultural products of the countiy SPEECn 15V MR. MASSON, M. 1'. FOE TERREBONNE. u ■ Mr. MASSON— I have seen by the re- marks of the Hon. Finance Minister and of the Premier that there have been difticulticg in the Government in bring- ing their tariff policy before the House. [ have seen it by the answers of the Finance Minister himself. He has taken the position which we on this side of the House heartily concur in when he says : " In framing a tai-iff we must so " fVame it that the industrial interests of "the country shall be considered." Well, Sir, this is the principle which we all admit on this side of the House, and I tell the hon . gentleman he is at direct issue with the Premier on this question, for the idea of the First Minister is that in framing tJie tariff' we should consider the in ' 'ireSts of the trade with foreign countries, and not the manufacturing interests of this country. I can prove it by the speeches of the hon. gentleman in England last summer, where he told his hearers that his policy was the great free-trade policy ; that hiB tariff' would bo so framed that the commercial interest between England and Canada would be increased instead of fostering otir manu- fiictures, as the Finance Minister says. Here are the words of the First Minister on that occasion : " 1 need not assure you. or any one " hero, of the anxious desire of the people " of Canada to cultivate the most exton- •' sive trade relations with every part '' " of the world, but especially with the " great centre^ of trade in this country. " (Applause.) And while we ai-e com- " pelled by tno necessity of revenue to " impose a very considerable duty upon "goods entering into the country, w^e " shall always feel bound so to distribute " that taxation as to promote as far as " possible tlie interests of the trade re- '' lations tiiat are existing between " civilized countries." That is not the onlj contradiction we find on 'Sat side. When the Prime Minister came back to Canada he thought it would not do in a country like ours to make free-trade speeches such as he de- livered in England and Scotland. He modified his remarks, and at Sarnia his speech was an advocacy of what you may call an incidental protection policy, but the Finance Minister will not accept an incidental protection policy, or what Mr. Gait calls a modified free-trade policy. ;., I think this system of trade should be considered entirely above all sectional spirit or feeling, and I intend to discuss it in that way ; I may be allowed, as I have heard members coming from different parts of the Dominion express- ing the views of their constituents on that oubject, state what are the views of the rural constituency which I represent in Quebec. It has been said that the farmers are opposed to protection ; but I represent a rural constituency, and the House Avill remember I have presented petitions here signed by the fTmors of both shades of political opinions in my county, asking fbr a protective tariff not only fbr manufacturers, but also for the agricultural interests . Thcso peti- tions stated that as long as we had a country on our borders that would ox- clude our manufactures and agricultural protlucts, it was the boundon duty of the Government, to provide such a policy at would give us jirotection against tlic United States. As I have before stated that petition was signed by persons of different political opir;ious, and I will tell the House that those /jiberals who signed that petition, have not, as some of the members of this House have done, changed their policy w^hon party pur- poses required it, but they are ready to stand by these principles and ask pro- tection from this Government oi from any other Government that may li>e in 53 power. They feel that the interests of the manufacturers and agriculturalists are identical ; they feel that agriculture will succeed lietter if they have manu- facturing towns and villages scattered over the country creating a home con- sumption and a market where they can soil all the small products of the farm that they can raise to advantage. Ask any farmer if he prefers to have his I'arm near a great city like Montreal rather than thirty miles from it, and ho will at once answer that ho prefers to have it near the market. They believe that by l^rotection oveiy water power in the country will bo utilized for manufactur- ing purposes, that it will create a demand for labour and supply a home market, saving the cost of transport on their produce to a foreign countiy. It has been said by the hon. gentle- man, the Finance ^linister, that the bonus system to manufacturers by municipalities has been a complete failure. I know that in the small town wh?»ve I live the inhabitants would be a unit in favour of giving a bonus to manu- fac' irers who would come and settle there if protected from foreign competi- tion. They will willingly exempt manufactures from municipal taxation for ten or fifteen years if a tariff of twen- ty to twenty-five per cent, i:^ adopted. They are not of the opinion that the consumer will pay the whole i>f their twenty per cent ; they believe that the fact of imposing that duty will have the effect of partly excluding foreign manu- facturers and put T own in a position to compete s<) long themselves and thereby cut dow j the prices to a reason- able figure if the trade is at all profitable. They do not believe as il bus been asserted during this debate, that by increasing the duties on some articles which can be produced here, we impose a ta-c or a burden on (he people. The estimates brought in by the F'inance Minister, constitute the burden on the people, the tariff is solely a means of distributing that burden once imposed. They may be wrong, but it is their opin- ion, and 1 will now toll this House how these ideas were fo»'med. The farmers know very well what their interests are in Quebec as well as in any other province, but on questions of tliis kind . tboy sometimes require to be e ihers, when ihey delivered speci ucs 'lid not m 20 per cent, on all goods coming from England and Ireland that can be manufactured in Canada, and that on all articles coming from the United States and other countries Canada should im- pose equal duties to those imposed on Canadian products going into tha ITnited States and other foreign countries. We accept these resolutions, and do not hesitate to say that that should be the programme of every Government having at lieart the prosperity of the country. It is thi.s that everybody recjuires except ceitain political men who sacriftcc practice to theory. The hon. Mr. Mackenzie has liappily said the tariff should be modified in the Canadian interest, and we arc sure he will keep his word." t:.»i jm\'i. Now, Sir, it will probably be said that these gentleiuon are in favour of protec- tion, but that they believed 17^ per cent, was enough. I have shown the member for Megantic did not believe 17 J was enough, and I can tell these gentlemen that if they wish to protect the manu- fiacturing industry of the country they must impose such duties as would protect the manufacturer in a proper way, and 'enable him U compote with the foreign manufacture if this is not done the tariff will bo a 'ucre burden on the people of the counti , . In 1872, the manufacturers have boon hoard and a Committee of the Iluuse of Commons . I then reported unanimously that a 20 per <;ent. tariff was required. An attempt has been made both here and elsewhere to create the impression that the Conservative press and party Avero responsible for the present uneasi- ness in the public mind relating to the tariff, under pretence that of late, we had raised up the mind of the manu- facturers, mechanics and laborors, to the •expectation of a change, but the country knows well that the Conservative party is not responsible for the disappointment that exists to-day. The Liberal party is, and my hon. friend the Prime Minis- ter is primarily responsible for the whole thing. He is responsible on account of his changed tone since ho came back from England, for raising the hopes of merchants which have been thwarted The member for Montreal Wer.t also took great respons'bility on himself when he asserted to the people of Montreal that Ave would have protection, and he is bound to tell the people of Montreal the grounds on which he based his assertion by means of Avhich he secured the con- fidence of his constitutents. The hon. member for Chateauguay •also largely contributed to raise the ex- pectations of the people of Montreal and of the Avhole Dominion, when, support- ing Mr. Workman as a protectionist, he assured them that the tariff would be revised, and numerous anomolies cor- rected. The Finance Minister himself seems to have so far contributed to the general belief of a change, that the Avhole public were taken by surprise at the announcement a contrary policy. In the face of the present situation what had the Government done ? The lion. Finance Minister admitted that there was great depression in the country, brt stated that it was not so great as the depression of 185Y. He also admitted that the manufacturers Avere suffering, and gave as his reason for this the fact that the Canadian market had become the slaughter market fur United States goods. Ho admitted more than that — ' Hon. Mr. MACKENZIE -No! no! Mr. MASSON— He admitted there was a deficit; and instead of indicating the proper Avay to remedy this deficit ; to stop our market from being flooded with American goods, the hon. gentle- man stands still and says the situation must cure itoelf. He says ho will not interfere Avith the tariff, because the de- pression is monetary, and will disappear in a few A'ears. The only way to relieve the present depression is that which should suggest itself to every public man, and which is hinted at by Sir A. T. Gait in his letter to Mr. Foi-rier ; namely, the pushing for- ward of the public works we are bound to construct. I admit if you go into public works Avhich are not required, of course it Avould be wrong ; but if the GoA'ernment believed this crisis was momentary, it Avas their duty to have increased the estimsites tor the public works so that the labouring classes might have been provided with work and reduce if necessary the expenditure on those items Avhich are more immediately under their control, such as departmental expenses Avhich are running up very high. The result of their policy Avill be to drive our labourers as well as our mechanics aAvay from the country. ;;'. 'f; It has been said that the existing de- pression is not of so serious a nuture as that which existed in 1857. Then we had a ConservatiA-e Government in power, and a statesman at the head of the finances of the nation second to none in the Dominion. WhatAvus the action of the Government under those circums- tances ? The revenue from Customs of the country had fallen offfrom $4,(575,000 in 1854 to 83,365,000 in 1858, and Avas notsul!icientfor the wants of the country. The Government remodelled the tariff, raising it to twenty per cent. And the result was a considerable increase in the revenue. By the year 1859- 60, that revenue v/as raised $4,556,000, and the following year, 18()0-1 it Avas 84,760,000, notwithstanding the predictions of extreme free-traders Avho, then as well as to-day, pre- tended that an increased tariff, by ex- cluding imports, would reduce the re- venue, llosults are, however, better than theory, and if the Government adopted the same means to-day they would got the same result. A strong opposition was offered to the action of the Government by English capitalists, in England, who pretended that the colonies should be nothing else but a market for their manufactures. Sir Alexander Gait in response to the oppo- sition of the English capitalists, said that wo AA'ero not making a taritl' detrimental 5C m ii to English rnauufacturers, but that we Avere making one irrespective of J^ngland, and to meet our requirements. ^ / Similar Opposition was offered on the part of the United States, and a similar answer was returned to the opposition from that quarter. What does "Sir A. T, Gait now say of the tariff of 185!) ? By that tariff", the interests of the country had been enhanced, our manufactures created, and the great grievances of the Americans against it was that it fostered the interests of the country and ruined the mannfacturing interests of the fron- tier towns in the United States, in reference to this subject, it was said in 1862:— .L..A.:-:,U- " The injury tliis inflicted upon our people is avowed by the Hon. A. T. Gait, the Financial Minister of Canada, to be ' no subject ' of regret to the Canadian Government. The tariff of which Mr. Gait speaks with so much compla- cency extinguished the trade of our frontier cities with Canada in their own manufactures. Many manufacturing establisliments on our side dismissed their workmen, and were closed ; and many were removed to Canada in order to avoid the payment of duty on their productions. It can create no surprise that much indignation was excited, without exception, in all those cities on the Canadian frontier, which are daily and hourly witnesses of the one-sided nature of our dealings witli Canada jn the [products of American labour." Then referring to Bufl'uio, it goes pn to say:— V. ■,- ; „rt -, ,;.^,:t.., ...'r " Many of her'citizens and those of Rocnester also have been compelled by the Canadian tariffs to leave their homes and remove their families to Canada." !N"ow, I ask if all this is not better than piling up figures and discussing things from a purely !,heoretical point of view, as my hon. friend from Bothwoll will probably do in a few moments. The conservatives have been re- proached because they did not give protection themselves. 1 have shown the only protective tariff we liave hud In Canada was framed by them. Since that time, Confederation haa taken place. The people of the Lower Pro- vinces were accustomed to a lower tariff, and we were told under the new sj'stem our affairs would bo so managed that we would have plenty of money in our treasury. The people of the Maritime Provinces wore not willing to consent to any increase of duty. ^Tr. JONES (Halifax)— Hoar! hear! Tjjlr. MASSON— The hon. gentleman i sa^ 8 " hear, hear." I remember having' heard him strato in a previous debate, that there liad been at cc^n federation no- expectation of the necessity to raise the taxes to build u Pacific Ilailway, and sueli works; bu: I want him to under- stand that if we have a deficit to-day it is not due as lie stated to the Pacific Railway, because there is not an inch of" it built. Two yeas ago Ave had to raise $3,000,000 ar I wo have a deficit again. We have had to build the Intercolonial Eailway ; and if wo wish, in order to meet the requirements of the Lower Provinces, and the pressing demands of^ their members, to extend a railway to Louisburg, build St. Peter's Canal, to deepen their harbours, build lighthonses,. and to construct the Baio Verte Canal — if they want money expended among themselves they must help us to raise it. I mistake the spii'it of the people of Nova Scotia and Now Brunswick if they will not do so. A protective tariff has not been need- ed very badly until now. We have had the civil war and high priced labour in the United States as a protection in the? past; we have had a full treasury, and there Av as no deficit until the hon. gen- tlemen opposite came into power. There is no better proof of this than the fact that the Committee appointed in 1872 to investigate the question of pro- tection, reported that the manufacturers of the country were not on the whole in an unsatisfactory condition. Never- theless, they thought a tariff of 20 per cent. AA'ould better enable them to build up their industries. If a tari ff" of twenty per cent. Avas necessary then, where there Avas no such depression as we have noAV, 1 ask if Ave do not require it far more to-day ? The greatest enemies of incidental protection or modified free- trade for this country are not the Ameri- can or English manufacturers, but the abstract-theory gentlemen avIo have formed their opinions in England, and fancy Ave should, under different circum- stances adopt a free-trado policy here. As far ae our manufactures are con- cerned, Avo are in our infancy, and re- quii'o protection. As long as countries ai'o situated in different conditions, so long will Ave have different systems of f)olitical economy. If I Avere in Bng- and I Avould be a Free-Trader, and I would advise the Colonies to confine- t 57 thomselves to tho production of the raw material ; to send them to tlio mother country to be worked up there, and re- turned to the colonists with the bill of cost for transportation both ways, and the cost of manufactui-e. I would advise tliat as the best plan to enrich their manufacturers and people, but I admit it would be very questionable policy for the colony. But the very reason for which the Free-Traders of "England, in their own interest, advise us to adopt a free-trade policy should induce us to be Protectionists. The very fact that hon. gentlemen opposite are driven to defend their policy by quoting from American authorities, is a prov " we need protec- tion. The policy of the conservative Party, as laid down by the right hon. member for Kingston, is to so remodel our tariff as to give to our rising manu- factures that protection to which they are entitled, and we are ready to go be- fore the country and put that in contra- distinction to the policy of the Premier Avho said in England we should so adjust our tariff as to foster the trade relations witU, England and foi'ei""n countries. ■Hilt ^\ '■^mnl'l EXTRACTS FHOM A SPEECH BY M. MOUS- awM. MOUSSEAU — After some general remarks with reference to the utterances of M. Laurier and M. Richard, whom he charged with inconsistency in propound- ing Free Trade theories, continued : — It is impossible to ap])ly to the United States the doctrines or theories which are suitable to England, and vice versa; nor (an we apply to France tho doctrines which are adapted to Cireat Britain. It is also impossible that the doctinnes of these threegreat countries can be applied to Prussia, Jlussia or Austria, and much less to a new country like ours. The reproaches the members of the opposite party have uttered against the Conserva- tive leaders — I speak more particularly with reference to my hon. friends from Quebec — on tliis question of protection have not the slightest foundation, and for two reasons : in the first jjlace it was impossible for a long time to speak of protection, because our country had been left without power, without strength, without resources, and without tho capi- tal necessary for its proper development ; and it was natural that England in hei- turn sought to keep the colonies from " enoug '' selves to Keep developing their industries to hor disad- vantage. With that object a great number of Governors received private instructions urging them strongly to retard tjie too rapid growth of colonial industries. But when we became some- what powerful and prosperou.s, England said to us, " now that you are strong ' you can take care of youi-- And when she did so the corollary was that we received the full right to arrange our own taxation. In 1859 the movement commenced for the i-eadjuslment of the tariff on a protection basis. This wise step in the right direc- tion was abandoned, as the hon. member for Terrebonne so clearly cxplaine.'.' 301,838 Hay, Straw and Bran JT ' 20,168 Seeds W*i***»* ^-i , Ivib ,- 164,698 Vegetables , , , « . ... .j ..... . 89,382 Trees, Plants and Shrubs 125,040 Flax, hemp and tow (undressed). . . . 367,893 Flax Seed 10,534 Grain, other than Wheat and Corn. . . 191,215 Flour and Meal, not Wheat and Rye. 620,171 Wool . . ..,4p,tHrjiM .t«*W. w 1,375,484 rye, Indian corn oi' wheat. And how much of the dame products did he find exported from Canada, not the giowth and produce of this country? The following were the figures : — Bacon ,...,, Be.-f -/iv.: Butter Cheese Fruit H Horses Meats Peas Pork Vegetables Lard Tallow $175,100 18,915 12,803 •2G,76« • *10,48i ; 1,.300 126,434*! 24,530 51,022 498 452,004 146,979 25,202 $6,603,588 This did rfot include flour of wheat and ■ '^ f' "■' ■■■' ■■ •' • ■' ' !S!624,085 Mr. YOUN(J— Oh, no! 7 Mr. COLBY said if the figure.^ in the Blue Book were incori-3Ct it was not his fault. It they were correct, they show- ed that we imported for consumption in this country something like $5,000,000 of farm products. If it were true that our neigh l)our8 who, as a deliberate policy, excluded us from their markets, sent in here untaxed this largo amount, or anything like it, a lorong was dene to the farmers of Canada, and this question should not be sneered out of tlit House or trifled with. But he would go further and say, even if there were at present no large amount of imports from the United States for consumption in this country, the time has now arrived when a policy should be laid down in the interest of our farmers. Competition with our agriculturalists ia our own mai'kets is imminent from the great protlucing re- gions of the West. If it is not on us to-day, it is coming, and very shortly, lict any one tmvel throiigh the greiat States of the West and North- West, as ho had done during the last two or three yeai's, And see their lx>undle8s capacity for production, and he would be convin- ced of it. Our Ontario and Quebec farmers a«*e woolgrOwei's to-day, but how long will they be wool sellers with- out protection ? The time is not far distant when wool from Texas, Colorado and those immense agricultural regions will l:)c coming into our markets and underselling the wool produced in Canada. It was a simple question whether our farmers were to do driven from the ■Mr «iP«R«!^5fW?*^ 11 n agricultural industry of wool rai8ing, or whether we should adopt the policy of excluding American wools, except upon the payment of a high rate of duty. The multitudes oi sheep which were now being raised upon the immense plains of Texas and Colorado, would stock our mills to the exclusion of our Dvn Avool, unless thoy were hindorod. It was calculated that wool could be produced there at the rate of from 10 cents to 12^ cents per pound. "With the advantage ot these immense feeding grounds, where t4iero was ample pastur- age, and a climate of such a chanicter that shoop required no shelter, how long could we compete with western wool. If it was not to-day, it would bo only a year or two years, when, if our farmers wanted the benefit of selling their own wool in their own markets, we must make our American friends pay tribute on all that they send to our markets. Some hon. gentlemen, on speaking of the wool trade of the i)ast, said that low prices would not affect us at all, as our long combing wools were a specialty, not grown to any extent in- the United States; but he begged to assure his hon. friends from Ontario, that the Ontario long wool business was a matter of short duration, for, to his own knowledge, that thing was as well understood on the other side of the line as it was here to-day, and there were sections on the American side where they were going very largely into this long wool raising. This business would increase, so that in two or three years further, the Ameri- cans would not take even combing wool from Canada, on the terms of paying a high duty on it. The Americans were a shrewd, observant people, and when they saw that a certain class of wool was required by the mannfacturers in that country they were quick enough to perceive that there was no natural ob- stacle in the way of the raising of that product in the Northern States, and that it was better to raise wool that would fetch 50 cents per pound, than wool that would only bring 25 cents per pound. They were now paying atten- tion to the breeding of Costwolds, Leicesters, and long-woolled sheep in the United States, for the purpose of preventing the Ontario wool grower from coming into their market* with their combing wools. It was so with other products. Gentlemen from On- tario congratulated themselves on the high prices they were receiving for their dairy products; but he would say to gentlemen interested in these dairy pro- ducts, that the great North-West has also found out the fact, that butter and cheese can bo profitably exported to Liverpool as well as grain ; and in his last visit to the West, he was surprised to find cheese factories springing up in localities where, a few years ago, that industry was unthought of. Look at the facilities that had of late years been effected in i-ailroad transportation for agricultui'al produce, aiid the reduced rates which had been obtained by orga- nized farmers, or grangers, in the United States, and consider how long would it bo before Texas and Kansas beeves were brought down by rail to the Toronto and Montreal markets, to un- dersell our native cattle unless we were prepai-ed to meet them with some ob- struction on the frontier? Our true policy was to foster our agricultural industries, and build up a home market where we can sell these articles w' ich could not bear transportation to a for- eign market, and such as we cannot profitably produce for export ; a local market where we could sell our vege- tables, fruits, coarse grains, poultry and eggs, our butter, beef, cheese and wool, at higher prices than anywhere else.. He would say, in conclusion, that it would bo well for us to take a leaf frojx the New England book. If it was sound policy in them to build up home max-- keta, the same policy might be good for MS. He would remind the House that great industries could not be built up in a moment. We could not build up great industries or successful manufac- tures any more tlian the farmers of the country could Cjange the ftaple pro- ductions of their farms in a day. It was the duty, then, of every member of this house to exercise prudent fore- thought, and endeavour to inaugurate such a policy, before the evil day was upon us, as would protect us from im- pending danger, and build us up as an agricultural and manufacturing people. He was surprised on listening to somo of the remarks from the members from the Maritime Provinces. One would suppose that these gentlemen were all shipowners, or intei-ested in the ship- ' 68 in up fac- the )ro- It V of bre- i-ate waa im- an pie. J mo rom )uld all lip- ping trade ; that there wore no agricul- tural, mining, or manufacluring indus- tries in the Provinces they represent. He had been under the iraprossion that there wore some mining resources and some farmers in the Lower Provinces, but one would suppose from speeches made that they were the last places in the world which would be benefited by a largo industrial and mining popula- tion. There was an incaleuablo treasure locked up in our mines, and he thought it was the duty of the Ciovernment who had charge of the destinies of Canada, to encourage its development. Wo wanted a vigorous polic^y, we wanted u positive policy, an objective policy, a national policy, the tendency of whieso great centres of wealth refinement, talent Jind education, were not worthy of a moment's consideration, Canada was in this position — her indus- tries wore inseparably interwoven witii each other, and ho defied anyone to injure one without injuring the whole. The policy of the" late Government when they found tliey had more money than they required, was to make tea and cofteo free, but left the protective duties imchanged, which was tlie tru» policy. Ho was prepared to go to the fishing hamlets of the Maratime Provinces and submit to them if they were not pie- I pared, for the sake of getting tea and coffee free of dutj'^, and their own indus- try fostered to pay something on flour. It was a disgrace to this country that we did not furnish flour to all the people of the Lower Provinces from the grana- ries of Ontario. Ho had the plcasui'e of finding that the doctrines he had j^ropounded six years ago, and which met with such liostility fiom the most experienced public men in this country, were now endorsed in all their entirety. The hon. member for Halifax said such a policy would alienate England, but it would be perfectly right and just for Canada to discriminate in favour of the mother country. Our products instead of being met by a hostile tarifl were receive*! freely and it would be wise and fair and would be attended with the best results to promote intercourse between the- two countries. Ho contended that the true policy ot' this country was to offer inducomenta to capitalists tn invest their money in the Dominion, that industries might be built up in our midst. For want of such a policy one great interest had been driven out of this country, cai'rying all its capi - tal with it to New York We were loaiig capital, and we were !o.sing what was more ^valuable — men. We were, with an overflow of spending our money freely in bringing immigrants to settle here, but the want of manufacturing industries had driven a quarter of million of people from Lower Canada across the border, and no doubt they had increased to half a million by this time. He asked whether the statement of Mr. Ilowland, that 400,000 men fom the western section of this country were now to bo found scattered over the western and middle States of the neigh- bouring republic, was not worthy of consideration. A policy that Avould repatriate our country with the^e loyal and enterprising men, was a policy that Canada must adopt if she wished to do anything but hold a stationary position or to retrogade from her former pi'os- perity . The late Governuient had adopted a tariff that was as high as was necessary in the condition of the country at that time, to raise the revenue that was re- quired. When reductions were made it was by taking the duty offtea and coffee. and placing on the free list articles which were required by our manufac- turers as raw material. The 2^ per cent, increase for which hon. gentleman opposite claimed credit was not com- mensurate with the change in the labour market of this continent. While they apparently gave protection with one hand, they swept it away with the other, by taking out of the free list articles required in our manufactures, and that accounted to a groat extent for the changed condition of our manufacturing industries. The Finance Minister claimed credit fof pursuing a policy of retrenchment, and asserted tliat it caused umbrage. Any gentleman who could take umbrage at the retrenchment policy of the Govern ment was very sensitive. What was this retrenchment policy the Hon. Minister of Finance had brought forth ? At all events ho had pleaded in extenua- tion that it is a very little ono ! The hon. member for South Ontario almost shed tears of gratitude over him for having reduced the militia expenditure nearly *400,000 but instead of reduction, the fact was the ] louse was asked to vote in reality more than the late Govern- ment had expended in 1873-4. Was that the kind of economy [that should moot gratitude ! He would ask him if he had not o little gratitude for the Government th it really expended less on that service in 1873-74 thaii iie liad asked the House to r^oto on the same service. It .vas an insult to the House for the Government to claim credit for retrenchment or economy. They asked the House to vote $5,483,684 more for the expenditureof 1874-75 than had been expended in 1873-74. They made a pretence of economy by asking the House to vote $3,000,00 they did not require, and finding they could not spend the money they ask for less now, and call it economy. The late Government spent ^ of t* majority only two years ago, had been defeated by his former able colleague, now at his side, the Opposition Candidate, with the lisndsome majority of 211. He (Mr. Tupper) would say as little of North Renfrew as possible. Although it was carried by the Opposition candidate, his hon. friend hatl had his revenge. He (Mr. Tupper) had been there pitted against a gentleman whose physique was 80 incomparably greater than his own, weak as the hon. gentlomi n's cause was, tluat he had never recovered from the result of t.hat three day's duel ; and in this county a majority of 48 for the Government of the day a year ago had been tuaned into a majority of 242 for the present member. SPEECH BY MR. J. B. I'LUMB, M.P. Mr. PLUMB was surprised to hear an hon. gentleman opposite say thoro was no use in discussing this question any longer — that thero was such a large mn- 68 Jority against tho amendracnl iliuL no arguments would have any effect in changing their votes. Kow, if the only fact brought out in this debate had been the diHCoverv that wo import so largely of farm products from tho United States, it was worth while to continue it and to discuss the advisability of taxing such imports, ilo hav the following petition : " The Pelilion o/ihe Dominion Millen At»ociation. "■ Humbly She weth : .,,, • -;, " That your petitioners, in the interest of tiie millera of Canada, numbering upwards of twelve hundred persons, having in the aggregate thir- teen millions of dollars invested in the manu- facture of Hour in the Dominion of Canada, submit • " That the interests of your petitioners, and the prosperity of the agriculturists, and of those engaged in the manufacture and export of the agricultural produce of Canada, are greatly pre- judiced and injured by the marked inequality between the terms upon which cereal products arc permitted to be imported into the United I States from Canada, and those on wliich similar j products are admitted into Canada from the : United States ; and your petitioners humbly submit that the free admission into the Domi- I nion of grain and flour from the United Rtates, I while heavy discriminating duties are levied by I the latter country upon similar products coming from Canada, is an injustice to the farmers and I millers of this country. j "And your petitioners further submit, that I while the charges, trouble and delays involved in landing grain and flour of Canadian growth or manufacture, form a grave impediment to trade therein between the inland and sealxmrd Provinces of the Dominion, in the ».b«enct of 69 any corresponding restriction on the importa- tion into tlu latter Provinces of grain and flour grown or manufactured in the Cnited States, a decided preference is created in favour of foreign over native produce, to the discouragement and diminution of inter-provim ial trade, and conse- quently to the detriment of the political as well as of the commercial interests of the Dominion. " And your petitioners therefore humbly pray that duties corresponding to those levied by the United States upon agricultural pioduce grown or manufactured in Canada, may be imposed upon similar imports from the United States, and that a drawback may be allowed upon the export of foreign grain when Ttianufactured in Canada." He thought that this was a pufflcient answer to what had been stated by the hon. member for South Ontario with regard to the millers. The Government had told us that they found no necessity for recasting the tariflf". A very large balance was un- doubtedly held to the credit of the Administration by Canadian banks, but this lepresented a debt — not a surplus. It had been borrowed fer certain pur- poses, on certain pledges, and for those alone could it be expended. It was not intended to tide over difficulties and provide against deficits. He had been very soi'ry to observe in tlie economies of which thev have heard so much — but which were onlv economies when com- pared with the profuse expenditure of the Government during last year and the ycoi' before — a reduction of $400,000 in the estimates for the Militia Depart- ment. Ho was aware that the lion, member for South Ontario ha«' Aylmer, 'y-jfitx Bain, ■i-lt #) Barthe, ,,j,.; Bdchard, Bernier, \ Bertram, I ' • Biggar, «< * Blackburn, NATS ; Mesflicurs ■'■ i 1 . ' Jones, (Halifax) Kerr, Killam, n^itaS v f Kirk, Laird, Lajoio, Landerkin. lianglois, Laurior, McDonnall (Inverness) Blake, Boden, , Borron, ' ' Bouraosa Bowman Boyer, Brouse, Buell, Burk, Burpee, (St John) Burpee, (Sunbury) Cameron, (Ontario) Carmichael, Cartwright, Casey, Casgrain, Cauchon, Cheval, Christie, Church, Coffin, Cook, Coupal, Cunningham, Davios, Dawson, Delorme, De St. Georges, DeVeber, Dymond, Ferris, Fisct, '.•-f ■■ Fleminjj, . ' . Flynn, ,j^' Forbes, ^ Fr6chettc, Galbraith, " ) Gibson, ' " Gillies, . . ^ > Gillmour, .... [ Gordon, Goudge, V , Greenway, ' Hagar, ' Hall, ! ' Higinbotham, Horton, Huntington, Macdougall (Elgin) ; McDougall (Renfrew) MacKay (Cape Breton) MacKenzie, McCraney, McGregor, Mclntyre, Melsaac, McLeod, McNab, ,':■''■",''■' Metcalfe, Mills, '•:-*. Moffat, Oliver, Patersoii, Pelletier, Perry, Pettes, Pickard, Pouliot, Power, Pozer, Ray, Richard, Roscoe, ••* Ross (Durham) " ■ i» Ross (Middlesex) Ryan, Bymal, Scatchard, Scriver, Shibley, nt.iU. Sinclair, ; ' Skinner, Smith (Peel) Smith (Selkirk) Smith (Westmoreland) Sinder, Stirton, . St. Jean, j Taschercau, Thompson (Haldimand) Thomson (Welland) ' Tremain, Trow, I Young.— 116. The following gentlemen " paired,"- Sir John A. Macdonald having been called to Kingston, in consequence of a relative'.s serious illness. Ykab ; Messieurs Cameron (Victoria), McQuade, Brooks, Brown, MacDonald (Sir John). Nays: Messieurs Ross (Prince Edward), Cockburn, Wallace (Albert) Laflammc, Hoi ton. 1 !f mm /,■'-. . ' "-V^ iu'-\ «*;*-!".* s ;'.'■' 1 i,> ''*•«['■ Id) nd) ^ ' ■ ^ * Ft ^,* fS-, ^^ " 'S )fa J), ! r^ip '♦-ir^w Journal ST. CATHARINES. D^ily and Weakly. The longest establlahed Daily in the County of Lincohi, haying, a Irfrg* circulation and offering a capital mediuBi for advertiaers. j. , , :: >,Review ' ST. CATHARINES. Daily and Weekly. This Newspaper is full of choice ncwH, spritely editorial, local an^ telegraphic matter. Advertisera should take a note of the ifact . . Herald HALIFAX. '™' Published every morning. Plain and Fancy Job Printing executed with dcBpateh. First-dass work giwranteed. ,,Report^ HALIFAX. 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J^o. 78 ST. HELEJT STREET, MOJSTTItEjlL. ALWAYS ON HAND :'r> mATM;o I OHM '/, :\\*AM\ V\[iil WILLAe YAL& MASmCTIFima COMPAIY, '.5i'.' (f^ r :'5=-- LOCK NO, 2, ST. CATHERINES, ONT., CANADA. -iTanifactnrerg oT— i^ \ V: Scjrthes, Porks, Hoes, Rakes, Hay Knives, Potatoe Hooks, Axes, Hatchets, Adzes, Hammers, Chisels, Draw Knives, ar Potiey Saw Mill," the simplest, cheapest and best in Canada, will cut 16,000 feet per day of ^ .>«t liJOihflpiTS. Intending piiroh^erftlcan se^ Engine? and Boliler*, * ^ ..., ^ - ' ' * ' &c., at work— By applying to ^ ^^;/ju.^.:r* J. H. KILLEY & Co., X r* ■ aA3HTMCM HAMILTON. MlppWNI|MaH««feMMMMMi|MMii*Viim .m VMMwmpHK** I ^iai. ;.s:\ . :i¥. MUIR, E^A/AN & CO., ,.., f B' tf 4. . ■-■■•?-f -1 WHOLESALE CLOTHIE Carner St Joseph S: St Henry sfs. 1;' ■*s ■;• t MONTREAL. IRON, NAIL AND SPIKE WORKS. ' • i: '. " « i \' ; ^ . z ;»-l,=i, f ;;..A 5v. ?lBlj illlY Sii e®., Frepnetors, Montreal, MANUFACTURERS CF CUT N^ILS, CLirsTCH PATENT PRESSED and HORSE NAILS, R AILRO AD AND SHIP SPIKES. CARVILL, 8ARR & CO., 3T5 ST. JP.Jk.TJXj ST., nyi:OTNrT:R.E.A.L, IMPORTERS OF Galvanized Sheets, ZinCy S^c, &'C: ^.:F^ESTABr,ISHED 1835 ==3v^ R JELLYMAN, MANCrAOTUHKR OT ALL KiNDB .!^ Im^iAm, PAPER BOXES. %. 40., 582 CRAIG STREET AND COTE STREET, J^'ext Theatre Itoyal,' * '*' .'S MONTREAL. THi WEiTwoiTi mmm am msmiim co, MANCFACTijRERS OF THE WHEELER COMBINED REAPER AND MOWER so FAVOHABLY EECEIVED BY THE FARMER, THE EDGAR VERTICAL STEAM ENGINE AND BOILER COMBINED EXTREMELY MODERATE IN COST, AND SIMPLE IN MECHANISM, THE BECKET HORIZONTAL ENGINES AND BOILERS WHICK HAS SECURED VERY LARGE SALES, The 10-Horse Power Portalile Engine aufl Boiler, Monnted on Wheels, GREATLY RECOMMENDED. ^T ^ CJ H I IV E K, ^^ I IV GMi: rs E R, A L . — ]H ^rl A_ •■-! . . D. F. JONES & CO. . '.- r^-v , ■ ;. ^ I i f r g f , f MANUFACTrRERS OF ^ ^ ; I " '! 1 > ■J GRAIN SCOOPS, HOES AND FORKS OF THE BESS* T„M:A.K ESS*. E. E. A.BBOTT, MANUFACTUBBR Or ' ' * FOB "WORKING BOTH IRON AND WOOD. CIRCULAR - SAW MILLS, SHAFT ma, PULLEYS & HANUEES. IRON AND BRA SS CABTTN GS TO ORBETi. N.B. — The, Stod; ofFattcrns is large and very completc—Tt^riin '^''crui. and work pKiroHf/'ed '^i^r^:.-,--^.i' •■?»:^ 11 .g '^'SXTPERIOE FOUNI)EY ^(±i:' 1x^1^3)^^ MANCFACTCREB8 OF §t0'Dcs, l|o(l0(xr4MiVre, piir'otonrc, .Siiths, Innr Coffins •.■'•.. ARCHITECTURAL CASTINGS. ''! OFIICK AND POTTNDRY: 1 TO 2Q ID-A-IaHZOTTSIE STREET MONTREAL. \ :■•■.■ :' ESTiiiiUSHED 1866. SEND FOR PKICE LIST, GURNBYS & WARE, MANUFACTrRKRS 0? PLATFORM & COUNTER SCALES CF EVERY DESCRIPTION, _ .. -^^.^ .v JAMES STREET NORTH, ' 4-- WOOD & LEGGAT/^ b:amiltoit, ont. AOKNTS FOK VALENTINE'S VARNISHES, MORSE TWIST DRILLS. ^lerdan^ ^Ud 4"J'"i^«r'' ^l^nng 'oSlirc and i^iund Iroom (iiuUit. - WAVE ALWAYsi O.V HAIin SHEET STEEL, SHEET BRASS, BRASS RODS, stabs' files, Stubs' Steel Wire, I'iano Wire, Straight Iron Wlr«. -H- > '• -* — y t < ■/- 4— 4- t— -1- JAMES HT EWABT & CO. l^-A-MITLTOlSr, OJSTT. ,\\ ) ■ ^ 1 k. j^ » jt«ci;rACXii»*ii3 of i t\f STO V ES,-^KANG ES, CANADA FUR § HAT COMPANY, B3ST.A.B3LISI3:Sir> 1832. .a1i_i s/'. C ^ 'J' ''y GJ-HEENE: & SOIsTS, "WHOLESALE MANUFACTUHEfiS AND ^MrORTERS OF mm, un, n^n, stuaw ooobs, 5w/(7/o JWfl' f«/70/ /?o6^s, Hatters' and Furriers' Trimmings, J^os. 515, 517, 519 S' ^21 ST. PAUL STREET, MOjYTREAL. Highest Price paid for Raw Fuib. A. RAMSAY & SON, 8 to 22 INSPECTOR STREET and 200 to 206 COLLEGE ST., MONTREAL. WHITE LE AD&CQLQR GRINDERS LINSEED AND LUBRICATING OILS. PLA.TE OX^A-SS in stoclc or to import. Doiniuloii Plate Glass Insurance Office, ALEXANDER RAMSAY. ROBERT MITCHELL & CO., ..;x: jt ^MONTREAL BBA,SS WORKS,, COPPERSMITHS, STEAMFITTERS, &C. Engineers' Plumbers' and Gasfitters' Supplies, si?^ ^;;9^'j;'e;r ^^ rynj>^i>ir\J^/\f\f\^ rrrr ^' f ^■->^ Xai^e TTTtpv-oveTnents trt CLVvcLTLgeinertta of STEAM GEAETNG jnctTi^tizg tUe Txr?iole siinjple cmd corripctct, p^ , j ^i j ^*-* ^z I V' >■ s^,C\ 'r-'ATu^i ViV.. —ALBO.— ;:'»Ao9^ 'O'-^^"^ ^''"'i •'■'^■*vi'-''- ■t -" \ ^'i", .). .',V 4. Hand Lever Brick Machines Descriptive Circulars spnt on application .to. .^-.p -.j^^q,, ., ^, . ./^ ' .< f , , , ,. , BULMER & SHEPPARD, 244 F-A-IiTSTEnST-^IS STREET. •'^' ""^MONTREAL. ^-'^^ '" St. Bonauenture Cabinet Factory J. A. I. CRAIG, Proprietor, WHOLE.SALK MANUi'ACTUJtlER OF OB' BVER-v- iDEscrR,ri*rioisr. The largest Wholesale Factory in the (Dominion. 42 to 44 ST. GEORGE STREET, MONTREAL. t,:» i ^'^u^i'^ i »Jl^ri I W2 vj '^' ...IV^ MANUFACTURERS OF REFINED MALLEABLE IRON ^•^i&>it»"' For Mov/ini^ and Ueiipiiig Machinea and Ca.stin^ of Every Descriptiuu. — IMPORTKRS OP— ORTKRS OP — HAP/RE, \m STEEL, TIN, ^^^ PLATES, WXNDO'W GLASS, PAINTS AND OILS. Caverhill's Buildings, 135, St. Peter Street, Montreal. Agaat? Victoria Rope Walk, ... - *- ■• Vieille Mtntagne ZincCf> 9 >-i dEWEp/li COMMISSION MEI^C^f^T^TS, :ANI .5^0, *S'^. ^aLiZ Street, 2doTLtveXLl. MANUPACTUBBBS OF STEAM mmi m machinery of every description *>9,«*Tfl^*., «f 4jalt, inuke an annooniTiiiciit on t!H)Jftiit papps hut oneof fhiM Painplilet. ; iii ij i ni HijM ' w GALT FOUHD AND MAffllUE WOf S. : /'. : ^dB/. .ic woa;-n:7/ r 1^ E« rl T W 1^ 4 1 3 P *^° MANUFA0TCBES8 OP ALL KINDS OF ^^Jf^i^a:;^ ;r*r; 'h'Vjnt" P(?r^ablp, and,, Stationary,, with;: Variabjie Cut-Off,. rn/j-r ^ . .Tfr; • ,1 .} V", J^" BOimS AUD WOOD-WOEOTG MACHIUEET, .«)i3t«ifcM> ^4 ^S.^ ;■ • WITH ALL THE, LATEST IMPROVEMENTS, i^^^- 4 \ .i-^ '•/.^?^;tiO ; • > ^ i ■, > t V AKU .„. PATENT LINK FOR. EC TAR Y PLANERS.fi/ Ebfl ^ >. [IKE • TKCB3 IF'OLILO^TT'IKl O- 'vI^S! SOMiEJ Oin TUBS ' PROMINENT WEEKLY JOURNALS IN o'nTARIO. Name. — -• Where Published. BRUCE HERALD Walkerton PLAINDEALER Prescott COURIER Newmarket STANDARD Dundas REPORTER... Cornwall ,.... TIMES St. Thomas PLANET, Weekly and Try- weekly... Chatham CANADIAN Sarnia DESPATCH Strathroy COURIER Morrisburg TIMES Woodstock NEWS Milton GAZETTE Dunville BRITISH CANADIAN; Simcoo HERALD Stratford ADVOCATE Mitchell STANDARD Pembroke REPORTER Gait GRAND RIVER SACHKM Caledonia STANDARD Napanee TIMES Windsor REVIEW Kincardine STAR Goderich TIMES Port Hope TRIBUNE Ini^^erK^li PACKET Orillia VICTORIA WARDER Lindsay SUN Oraniicville GAZETTE Photon TELEGRAPH Welland TIMES Owen Sound COMET • ENTERPRISE Collin-wood NORTHERN ADVOCATE Eanie': CHRONICLE AVhitbv WEST DURHAM NEWS BowmanviUe VINDICATOR Oshawa TIMES Windsor SENTINP]L Cobourg REVIF]W Pcterboro' MONITOR Brockville ECHO Amherstburg .* ARGUS Ottorville 4ji.4 #..|.. CENTRAL CANADIAN Carieton Place.......' EXPOSITOR Perth.... CONSERVATOR Brampton .. J. leading DOMlNIOIi DAILIES. . ^ !; County. Bruce. Grenville. ' t \ York. ^ -: j Wentworth. Cornwall. Elgin. Kent. Lamhtm. r ^ Middlesex, sjc Dvjulae. ' Oxford. Halton. Monck. Norfolk. ■ Perth. ),: f Renfrew. Waterloo. Haldimand, Lennox. Essex. Bruce. Hurom. Dur/uim. Oxford. N. Simcoe. Victoria. HalivH. Prince Edward. Welland. Grey. Simcoe. hi > Ontario. Durham. Ontario. Essex. Xorthumberlvnd. Peterboro' Leeds. " Essex. Oxford. Lanark. V- !i Peel. * MAiL;i.i...j.;..:..... ....;....... Toronto. LEADER FREE PRESS.. London. HERALD SPECTATOR Hamilton. CITIZEN Ottawa. NEWS KiniTBton. INTRLLIGENCER Belleville. COURIER HERALD. (GAZETTE STAR. HI RI JOURNAL REVIEW. I ( Jiiolpli. Montreal. ERALD'iaJjA;^};; ':P()RTEJ|4.ii/':4 .;^illalifaif. I^H ,«^. 04),. Catharines THE MAIL, ( i TORONTO, ONT. The letuling Liberal • Conservative Daily and Weekly in the Dominion. Daily, $6; Weekly, J!1.50. Special rates per 100 for Liberal-Conservative Associations. The circulation attained by Thb MiUi in four yeans is unexampled in the history of Canadian journalism. Its Telegraphic and Commercial Intelligence is com- plete In every particular. T. C. Pattssok, Manager. THE ILAOER TORONTO, ONT. The Daily Editions (Morning and Evening) circulate widely throughout Ontario. Daily, $0, and Weekly, $1.50 per annum. Conservative in politics, and one of the longest established news- papers in Canada. Thb Lkadkr constitutes one of the most read- able and best advertining mediums in the country. James Beatty, Proprietor. THE GAZETTE, MONTREAL, p. Q. Daily, $G ; Weekly, Jl-OO per annum, invaribly in advance. The Oazbtte is the most valuable paper for merchants and others hav- ing business transactions with MoutreaL The Shipping News, the Daily Financial Review, and the Reports of the Markets of all [kinds are made up with great care, and are in every respect reliable. ■ T. & R. White, Proprietors. THE STAR lYIONTEEAL. The Daily and Weekly Edition of Tub Montreal Star have now (it is estimated) an audience of One Hlndkeu and Ninetv-Five Thousand Rkadeks, which makes it the most widely circulated Aud influential newspaper published in Canada. nil PRESS LONDON. Daily, §0; Weekly, Sl.no per year. It is the only morning i'Apkk published in Ontario, west of Toronto. Its circulation extends from Sarnia and Windsor on the west, to Brantford at the east ; and from Kincardine in tlie north, to Port Stanley at the south, ■ ' • Free Press Pubushino Co, Proprietort. ■ CITIZEN OTTAWA. The longest established Conservative Journal in the Ottawa District. Daily, $(i, Weekly, $1.00 per year. Its Telegraphic News is flesh and full ; its Editorials carefully prepared ; and Local News com- plete in every particular. Merchants, lumbermen, and all business classes should make their announcements through its columns. Citizen Pubushino Co., Proprietors, Ottawa. HAMILTON. Daily, $6 ; Weekly, $1.50 per annum. As a Political and Commer- cial Journal The Spectator holds a leading position. On th<' (luestiou of Protection, it gives no uncertain sound ; and has attained a circulation that is a guarantee to advertisers that their announce- ments will meet an intelligent business public. THE NEWS, KINGSTON, ONT Is the Conservative Daily published between Belleville and Ottawa, and contains the latest general, local, and telegraph news, up to the hour of going to press Daily, $G ; Weekly, $2. The Chroniclk and News (Weekly), established in 1810, has a very large circulation. James Shannon, Proprietor. THE COURIER BRANTFORD. Daily, $5 ; Weekly, $1.50 ptr annum. This Journal is now in the tliirtieth year of its. existence. As an able exponent of Conserva- tive principles, it has for a long period occupied a foremost position in the Journalism of this Province. HERALD, GUELPH. Daily and Weekly. The unanimous verdict of the reading public has placetl the Herald ahead of all its rivals in every department, and as it is read by thousands, advertisers will find it a medium far ahead of all competitois. Marsh & Co., T'ropriWora. C. AcroN Burrows, Editor. INTELLIGENCER - SBELLEVILLE, ONT. Daily, $0; Weekly, $1.50. This Journal has a large circulation between Toronto and Ottawa. As an advertising medium in the Bay Counties, it is therefore unsurpassed. ...... >, 7/ \ /. ( :^U-?. in the 100 for ined by anadian iB com- nager. widely annum. ed new8- ost rend- prietor. ice. Thk hers hav- Jew8, the its of all t reliable. vrielors. have now NETY-FlVE circulated UNO I'Al'KK n extendi i the east ; : south. inn. aDistz-ict. w's is ft'csh ^ews com- ,11 business lumns. a. ,d Comnier- On th<- s attained aunouncc- uul Ottawa, , up to the Chronic LK Icirculation. \iilor. Inow in tho Conserva- lost position iding public Idepartment, I medium far b, Editor. circulation Idlum in the CJ^D^EROOsr & CO. TBI @ALT fmmwi km nmmm BHRA. Wau nmai REvoLvnia-BED mouldihg machiue. MCaiTni^i SAFE AHIIj tOCK WOilKS, CHAS. D. BD^WARDS, I^-A.3Srcrir'A.CXTJI=tB3IR. OF" ^Jl J* 5\\ ^TT W BA 1 — ALSO f ^ Burglar Proof Safes, Iron Vault Linings, Iron Doors and Shutters. 1 49 to 53 ST. JOSEPH STBEET, MOITTREAXi. JOSEPH JAMES «fe CO. Manufacturers to the trade of oveiy description of GALTAIZED IBON rOBNICES, fllOW CAPS, DOOR CAPS, AND PRESSED ZINC ORNAMENTS, &C. The ONLY Galvanized Iron Works ih tlie Dominion that, tise Steam Power Machinery. We supply the trade with tlie above goods at lkss than thb fibst cost of any other house in Canada. All Orders promptly attended to, and Estimates furnished on application. O^ & or <^XJEli:JV »TI5,JEE^X% MiOIVTItE^L. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. DECASTRO'S SYRUPS ^:/ FOB SALE AT ALL ItJESFECTAULE C>ItOCER,S, AND TO THB WHOLESALE TRADE ONLY ••*-, AT ■ 88 KING STREET, MORLAND, WATSON & Co , "Wri3:OI-B3S A IL,S3 Iron and Hardware Merchants and Manufacturers ; y^^:^ SPADES AND SHOVELS, LOWMAFS PATENT, -.1, *•-.'■■." , Cut. Naih, Horse Nails, Horse Shoes, Tacks, Pa hits, Lead Pipe, Shot, Leather , ^ and Rubber Belting, Daivson's Planes, Oils, Glass and Putt?/, and ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF " SHELF # HEAVY HARD\VARE. Montreal Saw Works.— Montreal Axe Works.— Chambly Shovel Works, 381^ & 3§f gt. Pkul gti'eet, >Ioi]ti'ehl. ST. LAWRENCE ENGIKE WORKS ! E3ST.A. BLISPIEIID 1849 • wt m r & F. O. BO:x: 637 s fh^ Builders of Steam Boats — Buildtirs of Steam Engines and Roiicrs — Builders of first-class economical .r ■ Steam Tugs, for Harbor, Canal iiiid lliver service — Builders of Elevating and Spoon Dredges, unsurpassed on this continent ; also Steam Excavators, for Railroad, Dock or otlier purposes — Builders of Pumping Mp.chiiier.y, for supplying cities, towns, and public or private buildings — Manufacturers of every description of SAlil J?13LL AND $RJ8n: 3n3LL JflACHJNEEU A number of new and secondh and high pressure Steam Engines and Boilers on hand, and for sale cheap Turbine Water Wheels, The Bryant The Dominion, and other first-class Water Wheels. Shafting with Charlton's patent internal Clamp Coupling. This Coupling is pronounced by mill Wrights and machinists to be the best in use, with pulley's hangers, &c., &c., &c. Compound Beam and Vertical Engines, unequalled in the Dominion for economy of fuel and efiSoiency, Propeller Screws always on hand and made to order in three days. Send for Ciroulaub. f^ i THE COOKS' FBI END BAKING POWDER 18 A — HOIMIE :M:^n^TJI^^CTTJK.E, WHICH BY ITS Ii]ti4i\^i^ ?^ UAS \V0.\ A FOREMOST PIVCE l.\ TUF. ESTIMATION OF BOTO DEALERS AND C0\SIMEKS. MANCFADTtJnEI) ONLY BV w. D. McLaren, UNION MILLS, - - 55 COLLEGE STREET, MONTREAL. AND RETAILED BY DEALERS EVERYWHERE. EVERY GENUINE BOTTLE OF ' CAMPBELL'S QUININE WINE Bears a Labol uf niiicli the following is a Fac Simile in Miniature: « Till' (ireit liivimmitiim- Tiiiiic liciiig .1 S|it't'ilic iu liyspcpsia. Low Fever, and Ague. Deltilily, Loss of A]ti)('tite, and a sure Fortifier of the SvsleiP asaiiist Fevers and lufeetioiis Diseases. A specifi- in rn<.rs of Pp'^pf^D'iia, Loss ^^ of Appetite, Nervous Debility, Slow Diirestion, inH A cprtain preventive of Fever and A[»uc. PREI'AKEO ONLTATTHE MEDiXAL HALL, No dull spirits, no dull sjieerhes, even in parliainent, no legislative crossness, often boiTi of iiniierfect dige.stion ; no dyspeptic liorrors can stand llie magic of Cainplieir ((niniiic Wine. • oo '■ V :r B, iilitie,^ REAL. NE arliauicut., ess, oltcD ili.ijestioii ; an stand Ml