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Compiled from the Surveys made hy Captain Georije Henry Richards, Ji.K, in II.M.'s Ships " Plumper" and ''Hecate" between the years 1858 rm'Z 1S61, (/nJ published by order of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty — 'pp. 18-23). RACE ISLANDS TO ESQUIMALT HARBOUR.-Aftor rounding Race IhIuiuI lighlhouso at thodistaneo of a milo, llio coui'mo tor Ksquiiiialt Harbour i.s N. ^ W. 8^ miles. The liglithouHoon Fisgard Island, awhile tower elevated 70 foot above tho sea, at tho western onti-ance point of ili') liar'i^jur, is very oonspicuous. and will bo seen immediatLdy on rounding the R;i('o Irtlands. A course diroca for it will clear all dangerH, but attention muHt be paid to tho set ot tiio tides. The ebb runs almost directly from tho Ilaro and neighbouring straits towards the Race Islands, and a sailing vessel, unless with a commanding wind, should give them a berth of more than a milo, and stoor N.E. by N. for 3 or 4 miles before she bears up for tho harbour. The flood sets in tho op])Osito direction to the N.H., and with light winds vessels are liable to be curried to the eastward, and if near to the Vancouver Island shore, up Haro Channel, whore the water is generally too fleop for anchorago ; thorefbro, with the flood, the coast of Parry ]]ay should bo kept aboai'd if j)ossiule, whore go )d anchorage may bo had in moderate weather, and with all westerly winds, loss than a milo from tho shore in 10 fathoms. ]Jy night, when Fisgard Island light bears N. by W., a vessel may ste-^r boldly for it. The only jirecaction necessary is to kcop the white light in full view ; if it becomos dim or shaded, she is getting too iioai- tho shoro, and should immediately haul out to tho eastward until it is again distincll}' seen. Tho two lis;hls, by their bearing-*, will immediatoly show a vessel how she is being atfjcted by the tides. Kntering I'^squimalt lIarl>our, the Fisirard Island lighi should be left from 1 to 2 cables on tho port hand; when it boars N.W. by W. ^ W. the light changes from white to red and shows tho latter color within the harbour, and when it bears S. by W. at a convenient distance, a vessel may anchor in 7 fathoms or stand into Constance Cove, if ])roferred. The Scroggs Rocks on the eastern side of the entrance of the harbour must be avoided; they bear E.S.h^. from Fisgard Island, distant nearly 4 cables. If notdesiring to enter the harbour at night, good anchoi-age ma}' be had in Royal Roails in 9 fathoms, i'isgard Island light bearing N. by W. from half a mile to a mile. The entrance of Victoria Harbour being onl}- 2 miles eastward of Es"iuimalt, tho same jjrecautions are necessary as regards the tides. Tho course frona a mile off the Race Islands is N. ^ E. J)uring day-time, Christ Church, a conspicuous white building with a spire and standing on an eminence, will be seen shortly after round- ing these islands, beai'ing N. by E. ; it should bo kept just on the starboard bow. At night or during bad weather it is strongly re(H)mmonded not to i-un f'oi- this harbour, as itcan only bo entered at certain stages of the tide, and tho anchorage outside is ni such times expos'od and unsafe, while Royal Hay or Esquivialt Harbour is alioays available andsafe. JJut if it is decided to run for Victoria, it must be borno in mind that whoa Fisgard Island light changoi from white to rod, a vessel will be very near the shoro*. • See chart of llaro and Rosario Straits, No. 2,089, scale m.cO'S inch; and plan of Haro Strait and. middle cliannt-i, No. 2,840 ; scale m. —1 incb. u BENTINCK ISLAND, lyiiifT close off Iho somli-onst point of Viinconvoi- Jslurid, \h litileovoi- litilt a iiiilo in extonf and ii-i-o^iilariy sliapeii, lioiiif^dlmost divided in the centre liy a narrow iiecif. Jt is alxuit 100 I'ccl lii^li, and. lilvo the adjacent land, covcri'il with jiino treoH. ItH boiitherti and eastern hides are frinj^od with kolp. oiit- t-ide v.hicli there are no ilanLfors heyond those desciibed in the IJaco Channel. lietwoen it and the mainland is a boat channel, and coa-tcrs ac(|iiaintod with the locality frnd ("heller at its eastern entrance. Tliere are some settlers' houses in the ncighhourhoud. Between Jkntinck Island and Esquimalt liaihour, a distance of 8 miles, tho roast is indented by fieveral ba3-H, and anchorage may be obtained in 8 to 10 fathoms nnywlu'ie wiihin a mile of the shore, excejjt immediately off Albei't Head; tho only danger is a reef lying about a cable's lenglli off the head. PEDDER BAY, the first of those indentations, has its entrance immediately nortliwaidof IJcntinck Island, 2 miles N.N.W. of the Great I?ace, between Cape Calver and William Head, whore its breadth is three qiiartors of a mile; tho iidet runs to tho W.N.W. for 2 miles, narrowing rapidly, and when half a mile within is only fit for small craft, which may find good shelter at its head. Vessels of any size may anchor in the entrance in 7 fatlioms, with Capo Calver, its southern point, bear- ing S.E. by S., distant about half a mile, but though the holding ground is good, it is open to all winds from N.N.E. round E. to S.S.E., and with a y.E. gale would neither bo a desirable nor safe anchorage.* PARRY BAY, immediately northward of William Head, affords good anchor, flge with all westeily winds. Vessels bound to sea and mooting with a strong wind from this quarter are recommended to return here ; the anchorage is in 9 fathoms, from half to three-quarters o^ a mile off the t-andy beach, with William Head bearing S. W. by S. about the same distance. With a south-cast wind there is ample room to weigh, which a vessel should immediately do, and if not able to round the Eac© Islands and proceed to sea, run for Esquimalt Harbour. Albert Head, tho north point of the bay, is moderately high, sloping to the sea, bare of trees at its exti'emo, but wooded immediately behind ; a reef lies a cable off it. AVilliam Head somewhat res-emblcs it, but is lower. The water is too deep for anchorage immediately off these heads. ROYAL BAY OR ROADS, of which Albert Head is the southern point, and thecntiance to Esquimalt Harbour ; the northern limit is a fine shoot of water3 miles in extent, and atibrds good anchorage with all winds which would prevent a vessel from entering that harbour; a vessel may anchor anywhere within three-quarters of a mile from the western shore. A good berth is a mile south of Dunlzo Head with the cntn.nce open, or Thetis Cottage just open of Inskip Rocks (in the harbour), which is the leading mark for clearing the Scroggs ilocks running in or out. Light. — A lighthouse is erected on Fisgard Island, a small rocky i.slet 25 fee* high, and almost connected with the shore, forming tho western entrance point of Esqu'malt Harbour; the tower is of brick, white-washed, and is elevated 70 feet above the mean level of tho sea, with a red brick dwelling-houso adjoining. The light is fixed and of tho 4th order ; it shows while when bearing from N. |- W. to N.W. by W. 'i W. ; red from N.W. by W. ;\ W. to S. J E., and yreen from N. ^ W. to N. by E. § E. The wl)ito light is intended to guide a vessel in from seaward, and while visible clears alike the western coast between ilace Island ami Ksquimalt, and tho southern siioro with its otf-iying dangers, Scroggs Ilocks and IJrotchy Ledge, between Duntzo Head and Trial Island. Tho red light will be found useful by vessels bound to Victoria or Esquimalt from the eastward ; after rounding Trial Island it will indicate a vessel's distance from the shore, and if bound to Esquimalt, a W. S. W. course will lead ft safe distance outside Brotchy Ledge, until the light changes from red to white, when it may be steered for and not bc'bro. A green ray of light is thrown up the harbour between the Whale Bock and the western shore, and leads westward or inside the line of that Book. *iSV( flan of Pedder Bay, No. 1,906; scale m.=4 inches. I I '^ i ESQUIMALT HARBOUR is a safo nnd excellent anehoincfo for ships of any size, and with the aid'ofthe li^ht on Fin^ard Inland may bo entered at all timoHwith ^reat tiicility. 'J'ho entrance, which hoarn north f-^ niilo-< fioni tlie li^'iitliouso ou Great Race Island, is between Finf^ard Island and Dunlze Head, and is 3 cables in breadth, opening out im-nediately within.* The only dangers are the Scrogg.s J^ocks which lie on the oastoin side, S.S.E. 3 cables from I)untze Jloa^ and cover at three quarters flood. Inskip Islands kept well open of the head loads clear to the westward of them, but the best mark for entering with a leading wind is Thetis Cottage, a conspicuous white building on Dyke Point, Just open or on with the western Inskip Kock, bearing N. by W. J W. which leads in mid-channel. Ficgaid Island t^hoiild not be passed within less than a cable's length, keeping just without the kelp, which extcr.ds about half a cable eastward of it, for a rock with 7 ieot of water over it lies three-quarters of a cable north-cast of the lighthouse. Vessels entering the harbour at night with a strong wind after them bh^ndd take care to shorten ^;ai! in time, as the space for rounding to is somewhat limited ; and it is desirable to moor if any stay is intended, as the winds are changeable. The best time to leave the harbour is early in the morning, when either a calm or light wind may bo expected ; there is little strength of tide in the harbour, or lor some distance without, and it sets fairly in and out. The strongest and most frequent gales blow from S.W. and S.E., which are leading winds in, but rarely from N.W. The S W. is a summer wind, generally fresh, and brings tine weather, uidess it blows a gale. S.H winds may be looked for during the winter months, or between November and March, and generally a strong gale once in a month, with lain and thick weather. The N.K. wind rarely blown with much strength and always brings fine clear weather ; a direct south wind, to which some parts of the harbour are open, seldom blows, and there is never suffi- cient swell to render the anchorage inconvenient. The Whale Rock, with only 7 feet on il at low water, lies W. f ^- 2 cables from Inskip Islands, or nearly midway between them and the western shore of the harbour. This rock is of small extent and not marked by kelp ; it has a clear passage on either side, that to the eastward being the widest. Yew and Itodd Points, just touching, p')int to the rock ; Yew Point, just touching the lighthouse on Fisgard Island, S. by E. f K., loads nearly a cable's length westward ; and when Ash Head is well shut in by Inskip Islands, a vessel will be clear to tho northward. AnclIlOrage. — The most convenient anchorage is in Constance Cove, on the eastern side of the harbour, immediately round Uuntze Head, the general depth being 6 fathoms, and tho holding ground good ; there is, however, safe anchoi'age in any part of the harbour, in not lo>s than -fi fathoms, as far northward as Dyke Point. A cable's length above this point ll e water shoals to .'J f'Hthoms, and from thence to the head of tho harbour is a flat with only a few feet on it at low water. Thetis Cove in Plumper Bay, on the eastern side, immediately north of Con- stance Cove, is a snug anchorage, witn tho harbour entrance just shut in by Inskip Ilocks, in 4^ fathoms ; but vessels proceeding above those rocks must take cai'o to avoid tho Whale liock. W^ater may bo obtained during the winter months from the many streams that empty themselves into the ditforent bays, cjiused by the grant quantity of rain which usually falls at that season ; but in summer, watering is a tedious process, and boats must be sent either to Itowe Stream, at the head of the harbour, or to the salt lagoon just outside the entrance. Poth offer difficulties, unless at or near high wate. Water, however, might be conveyed at all seasons, and at a trifling exponpe, from the chain of lakes just over the western side of the harbour, near Col wood Farm. • See Plan of Eiquimalt Harbour, No. l,89"a ; scale m.=10 inchea. \10 VICTORIA HARBOUR is a littlo more than 2 mil«B eastward of Esqui- mau, with itHoiitranco botweon Of^den and MacLau^hlin Points. Macaulay or Sailor Point, a remarkable projoction, nearly midway between the two harbourH, ie a bare, flat point, about 30 feet hi/jjh, showing as a yellow clay cliff, worn by the action of the Noa and the weather into a rounded nob at the extreme. The coast on either side of this Point for a mile is fiinged with sunken rocks, and is dangerous for boats iu bad weather, many fatal accidents having,' occurred. The entrance to this harbour is nhoal, narrow and intricate, and with S.W. or S.E. ^los a heavy roliini^ swell nets on the coast, which renders the anchorage outpide unsafe, while vessels of burthen cannot run in for shelter unless at or near high water. Vessels drawing 14 or 15 feet of water may, under ordinary circumstances, enter at such times of tide, and ship-i drawing 17 foet have entered, (hough only at the top of flpring tides.* The channel is buoye i, but it is necessary to take a pilot, and the space is so confined and tortuous that a long ship has considerable difficulty in making the necessary turn ; a largo percentage of vessels entering the jiort, small as well a.s large, constantly run aground from these causes, or from trying to enter at an improper time of tide, or neglecting to take a pilot. Such accidents, however, are seldom httonded with more than delay ami inconvenience, as the shoale-t and most intricate part of the j)us.sage isshelteroJ; when within, the y)ort is perfectly land- locked, and vessels may lie in from 14 to IS feet at low water, but the harbour accommodation is limitel. Doubtless Victoria Harbour is susceptible of improvement by artificial means, though it is improbable that it can over be made a safe and convenient port of entry for vessels of even moderate tonnage, at all times of tide and weather, and it appears not a little remarkable that with the excellent harbour of Ksquimalt within two miles, Victoria should have been continued as the commercial port of a rising colony, whose interests cannot but suffer materially from the risks and delays which shipping must encounter in approaching the commercial capital. Victoria was selected by the Hudson's Bay Company as the depot of their establishments in consequence of tlie quantity of clear good land in the immediate neighbourhood, and the harbour being sufficiently spacious for the few small vessels in their employ, and as a site in these respects was admirably chosen, but it has been a iatal mistake at a later date not to have adopted P^squimalt as the commercial port. * See Plan of Victoria IFiirbour. No. 1,8976; scale m-=10 inclicj. ■up U!MWia«.irw*im!,IW