IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) m/. O Ws m a C/a (/. ^ 1.0 I. " lilM |||||Z2 ' vj^ nil! 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -^ 6" ► :^. ^ V] ^ (^/ A^; A e. ^^?/ c^i VI '^e/ ■m % / "# Photographic Sciences Corporation «^ ^^ iV 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER. NY. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 4v ^^ \ \ ^ < - > '^O^ 'O V % \? ,^,^ %^ U"- w. o \ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut canadien de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. n □ D D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaur6e et/ou pellicul^e I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes gdographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/nr illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding t-^ay cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serree peui c Kinina H(l Alcott, Ldiiisa Miiy 65 Alford, Mrs. K. (.'tinii'iii. 180 Anthony, Mius Susan B SOIi Arinitage, Mrs. Mary C 180 Marker, MiH. Helen Morton 602 Baxter, Ml H. Marion B 242 Benjamin, Mrs. Anna 8 602 Bonheur, Hooa 224 Boole, Mrs. E. Alexander, M. A 60;i Borden, Rev. Mary J 13!( Brontt.', Charlotte . 64 Browning, Kll/.aheth Barrett 499 Bryan, Mis. W. J 453 Buell, Mrs. Caroline Brown 181 Burgess. Mrs. K. Uiitlerhill 489 Burnett, Mrs. Frances Hodgson 243 Burt, Mrs. Mary T 503 Caraway, Miss Minnie F 167 Carse, Mt J. Matilda B 417 Churchill, Lady Randolph 378 Cleveland, Mrs. Frances Folscm . . .. . .. 452 Coates, France.s Elizabeth 364 Curzon, M rs. S. A 70 Daly, Mrs. Hon. T. May no 70 De Stael, Madame 273 Devenport, Mrs. Maggie (Hendrix) 107 Dignam, Mrs. M. E 70 Diver, Miss Sarah L 417 Downey, Anna, A.M., S.T.B 1.39 Eliot, Ouorge 272 Elizabeth, (^Hieen 463 Ferguson, Mrs. Mary D 166 Fraser, Catherine 70 Oleason, Mrs. M. Ella Aldrioii 138 Gordon, Miss Anna Adams 503 Gougar, Mrs. Helen M., A.M 167 Gray, Mrs. Eliza J 488 Hilton, Mrs. Jessie Brown 488 Hitchcox, Mrs. Owen 364 Hollister, Mrs. Lillian M 36.1 Howe, Julia Ward .. 349 Hunt, Mrs. Mary H 489 Ingalls, Mrs. Eliza Buckley 417 Kemey, Mrs. F. Bernice 489 Lathrap late Mrs. Mary T. 13S Laurier, Lady 400 Law, Mrs. E. Norine 166 Leiter, Mrs. Frances W 204 Lucas, Mrs. E. Adelia 138 PAOB Lucas, late Mrs Margaret B 242 MaoCoy, Rev Mabel L 139 Martineau, Harriet 206 M<^KinIoy, Mrs 401 Minick, Mrs. Alice A 365 Moore, Rev. Henrietta G 366 Moore, Mrs Lila Carlin 71 NeiUon, Christina 379 Newman, Mrs. Angle F 181 Nightingale, Florence 116 Parker, Mrs. Annie Renton .Wi I'atti, Adelina 87 I'hinney, Mrs. Ellen J 71 Potter, Mrs. Emily S 205 Potter, Miss Helen 139 Preston, Aliss Elizabeth 167 Ramsey, Mrs. Luella A 71 Rockwell, Mrs. Huldah S 180 Rounds, Mrs. Louise S ISO Rutherford, Mrs. Annie Orchard 488 Saunderson, Mrs. Harriet C 242 Saunders, Miss Anna M 416 Sohreiner, Olive 315 Scott, Miss Mary McKay 488 Sevignc, Madame 314 Shaw, Rev. Anna H., M.D 416 Straw, Mrs. Kathrin T. A 205 Shontz, Miss Eva M 489 Smith, Miss Cassie L 138 Somerset, Lady Henry 204 Stevens, Mrs. L. M. N 502 Stewart, Mother .S64 Stowe, Mrs. H. Beecher 498 Strickland, Agnes 297 Stuart, Mary (Queen of .Scots) 462 Temple, Woman's, Chicago, U. 8 205 Terry, Ellen 225 Thacher, Mrs. E. M 181 Thompson, Mrs. Eliza J 364 Unruh, Mrs. Ada Wallace 242 Victoria, Her Majesty, Queen Frontispiece Ward, Mr.s. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps 117 Ward, Mrs. Humplirey 348 Washington, Mrs. Lucy H 416 Way, Miss Amanda, P.G.C.T 71 W. C. T. U. (World's Officers) 205 Weeks, Mrs. M. M 3()5 Wheeler, Mrs. Emma A 166 Willard, Frances E., LLD 204 Wood, Mrs. S. G 181 Woodbridge, Mary A. (late) 166 Youmaus, late Mrs. Letitia 416 PAOI . .. 242 .. .. 13!) . .. 296 .. ..401 . . . 305 .. .. 305 . .. 71 .. ..379 . .. 181 .. .. 116 . . . 502 . .. 87 71 . . . . 205 . . i;(9 .. ..167 71 .. .. 180 180 .. ..488 . . 242 .. .. 416 .. 315 .. ..488 .. 314 .. .. 416 205 .. ..489 .. 138 .. .. 204 .. 502 . .. .S64 .. 498 . ..297 .. 462 . .. 205 .. 225 . ..181 .. 364 . ..242 ontispiece . ..117 .. 348 . . 416 71 ..205 .. 166 . 204 .. 181 . 166 .. 416 ,-t THE COUNTESS OF AIMCRDEF.N, LL.I). ^^ CHAPTER I. Open Doous for the Women of To-Day. Many women must work — Relative proportion of women who are wapje-eamers — The law ox labor applies to woman as to man — Every woman should learn the art of money- making — Glaring faults in educational motliods — Woman's education hitherto mainly literary — Not broad enough, or deep enough — Women trained to dependence — The better views of to-day — Women who are content with mere passive existence, idlers, pleasure- seekers, etc. — Every young woman should be mistress of some field of learning, some art by which she can win her way — Free to accept or reject marriage— Views of Mary A. Livermore — Dr. Talmage's plea for practical education of girls — What doo**fl are open to women — Outdoor labor, its hardships and advantages — Female farmers — B'essed exemp- tions from sickness — Horticulture and floriculture — Domestic service — American women averse thereto — Unsatisfactory on both sides — The servant of the future — Women not as highly paid as men for the same service — The reason therefor — School-teaching — Woman's superior native Qualifications for teaching — Unjust discrimination against lady teachers — Clerkship, telegraphy, phonography, type-v/riting — Long hours, small pay, and gi'eat temptation — Thorough qualification necessary — Length of time required- Civil Service open to women in United States and Canada — Forms of application and methods pursued — Course of study and examination required — Letter from Hon. J. Carling — Art work, and woman's native ability for the same — Famous lady artists — Large numbers of women earning a livelihood by Art — The one great difiieulty in woman's way — Art teaching by women — Demand for teachers, and remuneration there- of — Home decoration — Designing — Engraving — Medicine — Women the natural guard- ians of the race — A wide door of usefulness now open to woman — The Foreign Mission field — School-teachiniT — "I love God and little children" — Other doors rapidly opening to woman — Woman comint; to the front- on m man s -The secrets of success the same in woman's life page 31 CHAPTER II. Women as WAGE-WonKERS. The work of education rightly begins at home — The true woman is never satisfied by living for herself — A full fountain will overflow — Many women must be bread-winners for (6) 6 WOMAN: MAIDEN, WIFE, AND MOTHER. themselves and others — Forty thousand women receiving starvation wages — Needle women, flower-makers, feather-workers, eta — "Prisoners of Poverty" — Are the servanta of the house mere machines ? — How to help servant girls — "You bave a trade now" — Mra Livermore's statement — Make good housekeepeiS of the children — Women who are not wage-workers have lowered household service — Organizations among women are de- •jirable and helpful — "Keep in the line but pitch in somehow " —Establishments where wages are cut down or withheld — Heavy burdens, and grievous to be borne — Let woman remove wo^ian's burden •....•... page 47 CHAPTER III. Women as Wage-Eauners. Woman the half of humanity, and therefore equal to man — Two-thirds of humanity ar\ laborers — Employments opsn to women in 1840 and the number open to-day — The num- ber of women employed in the manufactures of Canada and the United States — Working side by side with man at the same employment, yet receiving from one-third to one-half less vay — Starvation wages paid to women and girls in the cities — Dressmaking compared with distilling and brewing, in productive value and numbers employe''. — School-teaching — Women do the work, and men get the pay — Average salaries paid to the two sexes in teaching— The quantity and quality of woman's work — How can we remedy the in- equality ?— Allow woman to enter any field of labor — Give woman a "hance to protect herself — Woman in the majority — "The survival of the fittest" — Too many women in Rame callings, and too few in others — Give to woman the same preparation for life-work ati to man — Multitudes of women compelled to go into life's battle unequipped — The in- evitable resuli — Joseph Cook's statement about the young women in Boston — Obliged to keep up an appearance on low salary — Give woman the jallot, that she may protect her- self — Canon Kingsley on legal and social equality — John Bright's remedy for the ills of the laboring man — How laborers gained recognition and reform in England — Let woiren tread the steps by which man has gained his freedom — Is there danger that woman may lose her womanliness ? — True womanhood depends on the individual, not on *;he occupa- tion — Woman a helpmeet — The development of one sex is the advancement of both — The woman's cause is man's ......... page 51 CHAPTER IV. Woman as a Designer. Practical women de^ir'ners unheaid of till recently — Women now steadily at work in our best design rooms— What has wrought the change — The career of one woman — Her difficul- ties and triumphs, and the results — Further progress, and the founding of the School of Industri Ai-t and Toclmlcal Design — Success of the pupils of that school — Manufac- turers delight( il with woman's work — The pleasure of designing — What are the require- ments of a designer ? — A knowledge of historical ornament — Egyptian and Grecian Art CONTEXTS. -Needle servants s now" — I who are n are de- its where et woman page 47 anity an The num- -Working ) one-half compared 1-teaching sexes in y the in- to protect women in 1 life-work —The in- Dbliged to otect her- the ills of let woir-en )man may le occupa- wtli— The page 51 n o\ir hest |er difficul- School of -Manufac- e require- recian Art — Assyrian, Roman and Pompeian Art — Ornamentation by the Arabians and Persians — — Art among the Moors, Chinese and Japanese — Conventionalization of Howera — Th« artist's work is pictorial, the des-'.gner's decorative — Color another important factor in dfsif,ming — The rule to be followed- Are women capable of doing it ? — No fea,r of the market being glutted — Woman's triumphant career in designing . . pag« 57 CHAPTER V. Woman in Art and Sono. Woman's achievements in these roalms unequal to man's — Difficult to find a woman's name among the early poets ard painters — Art and song both devoted to the beautiful — Both require] imagination, passion and genius — Woman's imagination not so strong or bold aa man's — Yet her love of the beautiful, refined tastes, and creative power, entitle her to equal rank — Woman fairly well endowed by nature for art and poetry — Why then are her productions in the^e realms unequal to man's ? — Woman's achievements in kindred aits — Woman largely occupied with home cares and duties — Shut out by prejudice from competition with man in most realms — Debarred from full opportunities for culture — Her work subject to many intoiruption', — Smallness of woman's work, therefore, no proof of the iiit'eriority of her talent — Review of lady artists — Susanna Hornebolt and Laviuia Teerlink — Female artists in ^he reign of King Charles — Artemiscia Gentileschi — Elizabetta Sirani — Elizabeth Blackwell — Frances Reynolds — Angelica Kaufi'man's il- lustrious career — Mary Moser — Lady membfirs of the Royal Academy — Women as figure painters — Madame Jerichau's wonderful achievements — Her interview with the Pope — Women as landscape painters — Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon and Anne Blunden Martino — Women as portrait and miniature painters — Grace CiTiiclcshanks, x\nne Dixon, Helen Cordelia Angell Coleman — Woman as a painter of animals — Hannah Bolton Barlow — Woman as a humorous designer — Georgina Bowers — Aclelaide Claxton — Isabelle Einilie DoTessier — Lady artists of America — Margaret Foley — Anne Hall — Mrs. Badger — Mrs. Greatorex — Louisa Landor — Emily Sartain — Edmonia Lewis — Harriet Hosmer's career — Her "petrified inspuations" — Rosalie J. Bonlieur's achievements — The Horse Fair — Woman's future in the world of art — Woman's poetic achievements — The Song of Deb- orah — Woman's are the songs of heart and home, of life and death, of love and sympathy — Yet she has touched both martiiil and patriotic chords of the poetic lyre — Her songs of Christian life and service — Franc^ ^ Ridley Havergal — Gifted women of America — Julia Warde Howe — Elizabeth Akers Allen — Lucy Larcom — Caroline A. Mason — Frances Sargent Osgood— Ella Wheeler Wilcox — Adelaide Ann Proctor — Eliza Cook — Elizabeth Barrett Browning .......... I'age 63 I CHAPTER VL Woman as a Music am. Musical invention not aa vet woman's province — The important part woman has played it WOMAN i HER UHAiiACTER, CULTURE AND CALLING. other walks of the divine Art of Music — Woman's record as an exponent of the highest class of music — The queens of song in the opera — Here woman has reigned supreme since 1600 A.D. — Vittoria Archilei, Faustina Bordoin, and others — Madame Catalan! — Mrs. Bilbingstou's career — Adeliua Patti, Christine Nilsson, Albani — Women's work in Oratorio — Clara Novello, Madame Sainton-Dolby, and others — Rising stars — The long, unbroken line of songstresses for 300 years — Women as instrumentalists — Clara Schu- mann's place of honor — Violin-playing by women — Madame Norman Neruda, Camilla Urso — Teresina Tua, Fraulein Liebe, Nettie Carpenter, Nora Clench — Women in a brass band — The celebrated lady whistler — The harp as woman's insti-ument — Why it has not more prominence — Women as church organists — Women, as a rule, content to please by performance rather than composition — Women who have made reputation and money by their compositions — ClaHbel, Elizabeth Philp, Elizabeth Stirling, Miss Marcirone, Madame Sainton-Dolby, and Maude Valerie — Madame Schumann and Madame Gaicia — Woman's influence on the minds of great composers — What woman can and should do in the more private walks of life — Study while you can, and do not give up your music because you cease to take lessons — Girls who neglect their studies as soon as they get a husband — The svreet influence of home music — Woman's duty in keeping the home musical — "Let the children sing" — The national music of the Germans — Children who heai- and take part in music — People who might be musical, but are not — Women have no right to give an music — Cultivate a taste for good music — The range of good music so large, there is no excuse for silly, vapid music — Study the languages — Sing what you sing with feelinj,' — Students of music who intend to become teachers— Women as conductors in concerted music — Lady Folkestone's large orchestra in old London — Woman's work in church music — Woman's future in the realm of music .•••.. page 7fl CHAPTER VIL Woman in Lite'sature. A.im of Article. Bible Literature: Miriam — Deborah — One of earth's grent;est lyrics com- posed by a woman 300 years before Homer was born — Tlie Virgin. Gukek and Latin Literatures: Sappho — Female literary society 600 B.C. — Sulpicia — Hypatia burned. Italian Literature: Vittoria Calonna in 16th century — Morte di Adone — Signora FoUiero writes on the education of girls — Albrizzi — Bandcttini — Queen Marguerite. French Literature : Largu number of female writers — Christine de Pisan in 14th century — A royal writer — M'Jle de Scudery, roi.nancist — Madame de Sdvignd, the greatest of letter writers — " The Tenth Muse " — Madame de Genlis and Louis Philippe — Madame de Stael and Bonaparte — Extraordinary literary porsucution — The greatest writer ami ing women. German Literature : Mental peculiarity of the Germans — " Daughter Schools" — The domestic life made important — Luise Kulmus translates Rape of the Lock — A sweet lyric poet — Frederike Brun — Hymn in the Vale of Ghanumni — Recent writers: Ida von Hahn-Hahn — Fanny Ewald — Countess Duringstield — " Betty Paoli " — " Louise Miihlbach " — Ida Pfeitfer, the famous traveller. English Literature: Female genius best adapted to narrative writing — Female writers become comparatively nunierous after ^9P CONTENTS. highest supreme btalani — work in 'he long, ra Schu- , Camilla a a brass t has not please by noney by , Madame •WoiiianV the more cause you usband — cal— "Let • and take ht to give e, there is ith feeliiif,' concerted in church page 70 the introduction of the novel— Aphra Behn— Prince Oroonoko— Mrs. Cowley's The Belle's Stratagem— Miss Burney gets 3,000 guineas for hei novel Camilla— Some surpris- ing affectations— A famous letter-writer— Mrs. Elizabeth Montague and the chimney- sweepers— Blue-Stocking Club— Helen Maria Williams— Mrs. Hannah More, and others- Women entering new fields of literature — Mrs. Barbauld and Dr. Johnson— Sci 'it's opinion of Jane Austen— " The Lady Bountiful "—^uW /iu&in (jrai/— Mrs. Hemans— Fiction— D>.scriptive writings — L. E. L. — Woman's rights — Harriet Martineau — Elizu Cook— Adelaide Proctor, and others— Mrs Browning, the greatest poetess of the cntury —George Eliot's wise sayings. Amkiucan Literatuhe: Women appear early— " The first woman in America to devote heiself to literature" — Abigail Adams — Margaret Fuller—The Concord School-Maria Brooks— Catharine Beecher— Phenominal success of Uncle Tom's (7«6m— War lyrics— Louisa M. Alcott— Recent writei-s. Canadian Literature: Creditable for so young a country — Miss Machar — Laura S^ayrd— Mrs. Moodie's backwoods experience— Mrs. TruW— Plant Life in Canat la— Other writers. Conclusion: Estimates of proportionate increase in number of female writers — To compose fashionable — Writing a vocation—" Pansy "—Lady Braasey- " Carmen Sylva " Queen Victoria — Women thronging into temperance and missionary literature— Ulti- mate triumph of moral issues . . . . t • t • • P^^g*^ m CHAPTER VIIL Woman as a Physician. •los com- kND Latin a burned. -Signora arguerite. ■q in 14th e greatest ^kladame ;er anii'ng Schools" 'le Lock — t writers : " Louise ale genius rous after Women physicians not exotics of the present age — Isis and Hygeia — Testimony of Josephusi Homer — What the ruins of Pompeii teach — The universities of Italy — A woman in the chair of Philosophy at Bologna University — Another offered a chair at Milan — Maria Delia Donne — Woman first used the mannikin in lecturing — Women physicians among the Germans — Women ph3'sicians of note in England in 1694 — One paid £5,000 by the Government for a nostrum — Women at the University of Zurich — Why the Russian women studied medicine — Thoroughly satisfied with co-education — W^omeu do better when they know nothing — Admitted to the Academy of St. Petersburg in 1809 — Uni- versity of Moscow in 1871 — Medical colleges in France — Women studying medicine at Munich in 1869 — Women in medical colleges in Vienna — Not allowed to study medicine in Belgium — Italian universities formally opened to women in 1876 — Swedish University of Upsala— Madras Medical College receives women in 187.') — The study of niedicine in Great Britain — Lack of Hospital instruction — The adamantine wall of opposition — Women in Edinburgh University — How they were treated — Dr. Garrett Anderson — Dr. Anstie's labors for women — Women students shut out of the hospitals — What was accomplished in four years — Miss Helen Prideaux, gold medalist — Sir William Gull's testimony — Lon- don University — Miss Scharlieb's career — The hospital for women in Marylebone Road Miss Dolores Conant's career — Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia — Miss Emily Blackwell's career — Dr. Ann Preston's labors — Dr. Gross' theory concerning women — The Medical Department at Ann Arbor — Woman's acceptiliility as a practitioner — A promise and a prophecy — Woman's medical career in Canada , page 109 10 WOMAN'; HEK CHARACTER, Cl'LTUllK AM) CALIJN(i. CHAPTER IX. The Woman and Home. Mother, Home and Heaven— The lioine where woman reigns as snvcreifjn — Home is more than a liouse — The Christian home is a commonwealth — Older than human institutions — Thought and care solely needed in our age of hurry — Girls who know better violate nature's laws — A department of applied Christianity in a religious paper — The ideal home is not a nomad — A coterie of individuals not a home — The family is a life-saving institution — No permanent reform ' i society without reaching and elevating the home — A higher ideal of home needed — The Bible teaches a Christian Socialism of mutual help- fulness — The home nuist teach and train men — Homes should have individuality — The ideal home is for the child — The rights of the child, and parental obligation — It is little to love to give, it is much bettor to deny — The ideal home is religious — The Protestant Church must .nke a lesson from the Eoman Catholic — The ideal home is co-operative — A common -point of view necessary — The duties and responsibilities of the home are not met — The remedy, and how it should be applied — A generation of men and women trained to reverence truth, purity, and honor — To stand by the right though the heavens fall — Intelligently taught in Christian ethics — How it may be secured . P'lge 125 CHAPTER X. WoMAX AND THE Bint.E. "Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over fhpp" — In what sense is woman inferior and subject? — The sexes thrown into false relations through sin — "I will n>ake a help meet for him" — The Hebrew noun, czcn — Woman's position among the Jews — The Old Testament against polygamy — Prophecy not confined to a particular sex — "The women that publish the tidings are a great host" — Woman's subjection came through the Fall — Chi'ist born of the Virgin Mary — Anna, the Prophetess — The message of the women — Why Christ sent forth only men — The Pentecostal baptism — Virgins which did prophesy — Are the Scriptures contradictory in their teachings regarding women ? — The crucial passages in Paul's writings — The passages contradict our sense of justice — Christ's subjection to the Fatiier — Paul's principle of service — Christ's headship due to His ser- vices — Subjection to ministers and to parents — Paul's principle of love— What were the circumstances ? — Liberty had become license — Objections to the old view — "Ye may all pi'ophesy, one by one" — Paul prescribes the manner in which women may pray or pro- phesy — The same exegesis makes Paul teach slavery — "That the name of God be not blasphemed" — There can be neither Jew nor Greek, there can be neither bond nor free, there can be no male and female — The early history of the Church — Phojbe, the deacon of the Church at Cenchrea — The progress of civilization .... page 131 Th COiN TENTS. 11 CHAPTER XI. nore than tutions — jr violate The ideal ifc-saving le home— tual lielp- ,lity— The It is little Protestant iierative — lie are not lid women le hoaveuh page 125 Woman as a Religious Teacher. Signs of the times — Has woman yet fcnind her place in tlie Christian Church ? — The woman that prayetli or prophe.sieth — The term "prophesying," and its nitauuig — Methodism has given hxrge license to women to exercise their religious gifts and graces — Woman's pro- phesying now tolerated in many of the churches — The practice not hased on theory — Metiiodism originally a .-evival, not a church — Usages chosen to subserve an end, namely, an organized and perpetual revival — The prejudice against woman's prophesying a vestige of Oriental barbarism — Also arih»s i'rom Jewish customs — From the example of the Roman Church — From the example of the Church of England — Fi-om the shameful abuses of liberty by some women — " Let your women keep silence in the churches" — The circumstances under which Paul wrote — Special casfs of disorder — The reference is to the whole Church in public — Praying or speaiiing not prohibited, but debating, question- ing, etc., etc. — Paul permitted women to pray and speak in public — The custom authorized by the Scriptures — Woman equally concerned with man in all spiritual duties — Woman lias peculiar gifts in this tlirection — Women in a large majority in the Church — Often more talented than the men — God's seal of approbation on the practice —Shall women preach? — Why not, if called and qualified ?— Great shall be the couijiaiiy of female preachers • • » • . • . . . . . • . - I'age \ 49 CHAPTER XII. Women xhd Mi.ssions. is woman will make he Jews- sex— "The irough the ige of the which did uen ?— The e — Christ's to His scr- it were the Ye may all [•ay or pro- jod be not id nor free, the deacon page 131 Tlie world has not yet seen "wi m m's hour" — Marriage in heathen lands a record of vitilence and sin — Communal marriage of the Platonic Republic — Wife capture and other barba- rities — Girl-life is the cheapest po.ssession — Destruction of children — One hundred and four boys, and one girl — The Baboos of Bhudawur Kalau — The code of Manu — The degradation of woman is the deterioration of the race — Mohammedanism and woman— The Census of India in ItS.Sl — Early marriages and infant bethrothal — Dr. Mohendra lial Sircar's testimony — Child widowhood — The Hindus of Calcutta — The illiteracy of females in India — Women the conservators of religion — A vein of sad satire — Girl slavery of Chinese Empire — Kidnapped girls — Christ's exaltation of woman— Her place and work in Christian lands — "The Society for Promoting Female Education in the East" — "Woman's Union Missionary Society of America" — After the war is over — Rapid organ- ization of Women's Missionary Societies — Congregational, Methodi.st, and Baptist Societies — Financial management — Do they interfere with the parent societies ? — The business tict and judgment of the Methodist women — One among many — Twenty-five years ago and now — Benevolent, educational, and evangelistic work — The Methodist Episcopal Orphanage of India — Isabella Thoburn's work in Lucknow — Girls' .scliools in Japan — The high esteem in which they are held — The work of the female evangelist— Woman's glorious work depicted .......... page 167 i K WOMAN; HER CHARACTER. CULTURE AiND CALLING. CHAPTER XIIL Womak's Work in China The neerl of woman's woilc in Cliina — Instruction must be viva vncf — Women mnst he ad- dressed in small classes or in tlie family — How far can China be reached and evangelized by women ? — Visiting the lady missionaries — Christian hymns and the Gospel story — Ministering to the sufi'oring — Hearing the Gospel under a pretext — The work of the Bible women — Day and boarding schools — The China Inland Mission — Woman's work a prominent feature — Distinct houses for lady missionaries — The work of Misses Mcintosh and Marchbank — Misses Whitechurch and Seoii in North China — The destruction of idols in two hundred families — The superintendence of refugees — The rivers and water- ways — The study of the language — The opening for women's work unlimited — The pro- portion of male and female missionaries — Missionaries wear the native dres-^ — The expense of living in diii'crent parts of China — A call to work in China — The experience and qua- lifications necessary — The one essential, to be tilled with the Spirit — "Go ye," and 'Here am 1, send mo" . • t • . . • i * • i page 177 I CHAPTER XIV. V 3MAN AS A Missionary. (I.) The wonderful opportunities for the Church in our day — Providence speaks plainly to woman, " Go work in my vineyard " — V»''omen in most heathen countries are only accessible to women — The cause and curse of the Zenana — The doctrine of Devils, that women have no souls — Dr. Adam Clarke — "Neither male nor female" — Woman always the first vic- tim of a perversion of the social forces — The degrading teaching of the Buddhists, the Shasters, the Mahoinmedans and the Jews — A kind otii(XM''s mistake — Greece and Rome — Cicero — England — Child marriage — The mother-in-law — Gossiping — Idols — Dress — A rich wife's stupidity — Birth of a female child a curse — Infanticide — A bright young creature — Midnight wife murders — A sad tale — Murdered by her husband for rescunig her child — The terrible meaning of "without hope" — A sad case — Suttee bui-ning pre- ferred to widowhood — Horrid treatment of child widows — Forty millions of them — Their bitter cry "rings in my ears day and night" — Polygamy and divorce — How the priest> get their living by marrying themselves to children — A Satanic superstition — The suf- ferings of sick women — Appeal to the Queen of England — Her kindly sympathy — A hea- then woman's prayer, by A.L.O.Jl. — Sad story of a child widow of thirteen — Brutai mobs of Persian women — He.'ithcn woman must lirst be reached — "Get iha lien rU oi women and you can more easily get the //eatZs of men" — A native Christian woman teaches a scold the true charm for a runaway husband — All the men want their wives to get it — " Your Jesus talks like a woman " — Women in Biirmah are the principal actors — Woman sinned first and is first cursed, and so is first blest by the gospel — God has pi-ovided our Christian civilization with a surplus of women, who are preparing for His work by edu- cation in all the higher departments in our day ..... pagti 183 CONTENTS. 18 ist be ad- angelized 1 story — •k of the 'a work a Mcintosh "uction of ud wator- -Tho pro- le expense and qua- nd '• Here page 177 to woman, jessible to men have first vic- hists, the ind Koine — JJress — ht young rescuuig •ning pre- •ui — Tlieir ;he priest^ -The suf- ■ — A hea- utai mobs pf women teaches a .0 got it — •Woman •vided our k by edu- page 183 (II.) VN'ouian's Htness tor misaion work has been established — She has mire love, patience and endurance— Most of the foreign work is done by personal appeal, for which woman is eminently adapted — Hudson Taylor — Paul — Professor Drununond— Rise up, ye careless daughters — The heathen have come to our doors, where we can begin the foreign work — Wliat can arouse the Church for wasted humanity — George Piery mused until his heait got "hotter and hotter" — Women can reach both sexes, and men cannot — She can "talk woman's talk" — She can go alone any- where among iitfithi'n — Mi-s. Judson was imprisoned in India and led to execution, and rescued by tiie English, and then built a tent and fed prisoners in the same court-yard — Mrs. Mason hired two hundred natives and cleared up a jungle for her school, knowing, she said, that " fearless soldiers needed fearless leaders " — A BuH'alo girl in Hindustan — Hires natives, Imys teams of butt'alo, makes brick, saws lumber by hand, and with native help buiMs her school, faces the tigers and shows what a woman can do — A remarkable mi.ssion in Bengal is " manned " solely by women — Mi.--s Karington braves African fevers and " oH'ei's her soul upon the altar of God " — Mrs. Turner, with her husband, goes to the savages of N'andieman's Land, displays wonderful courage.' with savage mobs — The grace- ful and youthful bi-ide of .Mr. (,'argil goes to Fiji, where th 'V were eating l^ngiish sailors — God's law, humanity leaveneil by the gospel must reach and save humatnty — In India, many of the women are harder to reach than the men — Tears and threats of wives often prevent the husbands — Examples — The threefold object of this chapter — The call of God to the women of the Church — The duty of pastors — Organizations and finance — Has the gospel of love lost its power ? — Who will economize foi' God ?— A marvellous sight in our flay — Women's conventions — Who will limit the scope and power of woman's work of the future ' — A mighty triumph ......... page jO] CHAPTER XV. Wii.vT Chrlst has done for Woman, and what Woman has done for Christ. The holiest among the miglity and the mightiest among the holy " — Christ has honored woman — By His birth — Christianity alone sets the crown of honor on woman— Woman's honored seat by the lii-eside —Christ has recognized and declared woman's equality — Has exalted woman by exalting those quali-ies of human character in which woman excels His teaching— By incarnating these qualities in His own person — Illustrations — Christ has emancipated woman— Woman without Christianity — What has woman done for Christ ? —Accepting with peculiar readiness His teachings— Woman's heroic suffering for Christ —Walking hunddy in His precepts— Publishing in heathen lands His message- Woman in missionary organizations — The record of one — A closing appeal . page in.) CHAPTER XVI. The Physical Culture of Women, Mental and physical development must go hand in hand together— Sad neglect of phy.sical culture, especially in the education of girls— The Greeks believed in the co-equal culture 14 ^V().MA^'; HER CHARACTER, CULTURE AND CALLING. of mind and body — Herbert Spencer believes the great aim in education should be to develope a perfect animal — But physical education must be imperfect without the mental — The objects of physical education are health, strenj^th and beauty — The muscular system explained — The purpose and action of muscle — Motion the life of muscle and necessary to its perfection— Deterioration through lack of exercise — Fatty degeneration and weakness — Muscular action and the circulation — Exercise therefore necessary to nutrition — All parts debilitated by lack of exercise — Rousseau says, the stronger the body the more it obeys, and vice versa — Physical training essential to beauty — The Greeks believed health and beauty united — The nervous system necessary to the muscular — The bones and joints are susceptible t(j culture — The capillaries and nerves — The intimate relations between the nervous and muscular systems — The organs of nutrition and secretion — The composition of the blood — The circulatory apparatus — Necessity ot ventilation — The heart and its office in the human system — Exercise helps the circulation — The structure and uses of the skin — The chief essentmls of life — Pure air in abundance — Out-door air generally but not always pure — Essential principles of good ventilation — Good water the second ess' ntial of life — Most people drink too little water — Good food another essential of life — Nearly every one eats too much — " Be wisely moderate, strictly temperate in eating and drinking " — The relation of temperate diet to good looks — Cooking should be a part of every girl's education — Most people over-work themselves — Over -worked mothers — "Society women" and "keeping up appea'-- ancos " — Physical culture for workers as well as idlers — The right kind of exercise — Moie simple dress for girls — Exercise and anti-fat remedies — Ill-formed girls and women ■ — From live to Mfteen — Spicial calisthenics desirable for some — The mother's duty in the case — Rest and sleep — Mothers who need rest — What to do when tired — How to regulati- one's sleeping — Clothing, and what kinds are best next to the body — Tight lacing destroys health — How the feminine dress should be suspended — Girl's clothing should never be tight-titting— -How much clothing should be woj-n — Over-clothing some parts and under-clothing others — Bathing essential to health and beauty — The essentials in bathing — The best time for taking a bath and the best method . p^w® 211 CHAPTER XVIL The Health of Ameuican Women. The maintenance of health closely connected with physical culture — Sir Andrew Clark's definition of health — Wm. CuUen Bryant and the Hon. Samuel E. Sewall — Physical culture not the rule among women — Married and single women and their separate environment — Marriage a divinely ordered institution and hence conducive to health — Why marriage is not always conducive to health — Mental dissatisfaction and unrest — Fear of early motherhood ami a low moral sense — The anxiety of the young wife in home building — The double task of nourishing two beings— Broken slumber and auxiou'- hours — Social duties, cares and labors — Woman's superior ability to endure mental stram and hard work — The gulf which opens at forty — The causes of woman's break d(3wn — Unwise choices and how they should be prevented — Motherhood the holiest crown of womanhood — God's plan in marriage and the setting of the "solitary in families" — A training in housekeeping and the care of children — Insolent servants and undi'eamed-of complications — A special course of teaching upon the care of children — The line of I ■^ CONTENTS. 'S ould be to the mental e muscular muscle and L'generation i3cessary to tronger the jauty — The le muscular orvus — The )t' nutrition fecL'Ssity of irculfition — bundauu'!— entilation — -Good food r in(jderal<;, iet to good I over-work up appeai-- f exercise — and women jduty in the V to regulati' ?ight laciiii; thing should some parts essentials in page 211 rew Clark's 1 — Physiciil eir separate to health — nd unrest — ung wife in and anxiou- lental strain eak dowtt — st crown of imilies " — A dreamed-oi The line of safety for women of small means — Women who choose to live single — The unmarried preponilerate in the insane hospitals — The causes of loss of health iu single women — Thpse supported and those self-supporting — Women of wealth and the canker of unrest — The longing for children and companionship — The remedy for this class of women — The unmarried daughters of affluence — Charitable and philanthropic work — Earnest enthusiasm and self-foigctfulness — The working classes have better health — Professional women — Health of medical women — An outdoor life, variety in work and mental absorption — The health of women who teach — How it is injured and how it nught be promot'd — Advico to teachers — Stenographers and shop girls — Why so many succun\b — Factiiry girls, cooks and house servants — How to improve tlie health of these classes — Summary of the health conditions necessary to all women . . . page 235 CHAPTER XVIIL iMPOltTANCE OF A KNOWLEDGE OF COOKEKY TO WOMEN. Footl holds an important place in the human economy — Philip Gilbert Hamerton on cookery — Bad cooking one of the worst foes with which civilization and Christianity have to contend- Things we eat and drink materially affect our opinions, beliefs an 1 prejudices — Our sight, hearing and thinking all atiected by our diet — Individuals are a rell k of the food they eat and the homes th-'y inhabit — Most dishes in the daily fare of a large proportion of the human race inharmoniously compounded, improperly cooked^ and neither as nutritious and satisfying as they should be — Improper cooking creates a demand for stimulants — The Drink question and the Food question neighbors — Appetite for strong drink aggravated if not implanted by improper diet — Bad effects of improperly prepared food may be traced through all the avenues of vice and crime — Dyspeptic stomach ivsponsihle as well as carnal heart — Bislu)p Foster on caring for men's souls and liodies — The rehition of bad food to perfect manhood — Home is the primary school — House-keeping and home-making essential branches in a daughter's education, page 247 CHAPTER XIX. Valuable Household Knowledge for Women. Valuable knowledge for the kitchen — Best methods of cooking fish — Oysters — Choice recipes for soups — Cooking meats — Game — Poultry — How to make salads — Sauces — How jl vegetables should be cooked — Eggs and omelets — How to make choice puddings — Pastry ^ — Custards and creams — Tea — Coffee — Chocolate — Jellies — Jams — Preserves — Canned Fruits — Pickles — Candies — Knowledge valuaMe in the toilet — Valuable knowledge for the sick room — How to save money in household economy — What to do till the Doctor comes ............ page 24y 16 WOMAN: HKR ('HAIiACTKR, CULTUHK AND ("ALLIN(J. CHAPTER XX. The Higher Education of Women. "Women should slirink from science as from vice" — The Roman PontifTs condemnation of woman's Iii^lier education — Woman none the better in any relation of life for ignoraiici' — The women of Spain and the women of Protestant countries — A re-action aj^ainst slimn education for woman — The ladies' seminary of past days — "The female mind inferior in 8treii<,'th, a(!uti'ni'ss and capa(;ity" — Jirilliant literary women — The testimony of educatois — Dr. Maudsley's assertion concerning' woman's physical ability — Miss Elizabeth Gairo^t Anderson — CoUe^'e life conducive to health — Other beneficial results of boai-ding-scliool life — The boarding-school is a microcosm — The spiritual influences of such schools — Physical debility of Canadian and American women — The dissipations of social life - Benefits of the higher education — Make-believe occupations, and dreary sham amusements — The fading bloom of youth and increased gayety of aj)])arel — Clement of Alexandria on woman's duty — "Let your comeliness be the goodly garment of the soul" — Higher education will make girls more self-reliant — A lure to the gilded bower of matrimony- No culture can be too wide, too rich, and too varied for her sublime and hallowed mission — Napoleon on the need of F'rance — The child's cradle and the vital foircs of the race The duty of parents to their daughters — Incentives to efi'ort . . . page .'V'." Kinr CHAPTER XXI. What Knowledge is Most Worth to Woman ? ii A very necessary and practical question — A choice must be made — Necessary variations in the courses for men and women — Practical education the watchword — Practical training is ideal training, and ideal training should be practical — Education should (iniancipnte woman from de[)on