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^t,^u*'t>C'Utru^
A CHARGE
DEI-IVERED TO
THE SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF ONTARIO,
20th NOVEMBER, 1866,
BY THE
Right Rev. J.T. LEWI S, D.D, LL.D, LordBishop.
My Rev. Brethren and Buethken :
In addressing you at the opening of t iiis the iifth session of our
Diocesan Synod, I feel that I enter on my duty nnder circumstances
which call for peculiar thankfulness to Almighty God Not only have
we as a people been blessed with a bounteous return to the labors ot the
husbandman, but we have been rescued from what at one time seemed
the dangers of a perilous invasion. W(! can scarcely exaggerate the
atrocities which might have been perpetrated had not the wicked enter-
prise been frustrated at the outset, and the only gleam ot satisfaction m
the retrospect of the miserable aftair arises from the fact that an oppor-
tunity was afforded of exhibiting the innate loyalty of our countrymen
to their Queen and constitution -a loyalty that I teel assured would have
been as eagerly displayed against much more formidable antagonists than
a horde ot^unprincipled miscreants. , . n i i
But in an especial manner have I reason to render thanks to God, who
raised me up from what to all outward appearance seemed the bed ot
death, and my humble prayer is that I may show tortli my t^hanktulness
bv living more to Him, so as to be " an instrument ot His glory by
servin.^ Him taithfullv, and doing good in my generation ;" and 1 cannot
permit'this occasion, 'when as a Church we meet together, to pass away
without gratefully acknowledging the great allev vitinn rtli i m JLsickness
which I received from the wid(i spread cond|i_^ -n— -ft r^-^mc,
tested, and the many thoughtful and praji^Ww»»vS Tn^vlflc^'it'mas
evinced. It was to me a matter of regrj"
Synod could not be convened at the usualf . . ^ ,
thouo-h T had been able to rniM't you last .ifce, it might have been
ble to postpones tlu; session iu cons("(|ueiKmjAi!«*-^*-«*»l^^';^ jJ^^'^S^'f
l»rovince, as was, I find, the course adoptee r««l»«Wtii.H<ui)t.,ltecW^ia«? I ot
the neighboring Diocese of Toronto.
'fJ^M J^**^^"''^^
Since our last session I have been able to complete, with the exception
of a lew missions, my confirmation journey through the western portion
of the Diocese, during which 1039 persons were confirmed, 856 of whom
were admitted at the same time to the Holy Communion. The number
of orr Churcli edifices is now one hundred and eighteen. We have lost
one old missionary by death, two have been transferred to another
Diocese, while one, alas ! to the grief of many and the scandal of the
whole Church, has been deposed from the office of the Sacred oVlinistry.
Five candidates for lioly orders have been ordained Deacons, four of
whom are grmluates of the University of Trinity College, and three have
been admitted to the priesthood, making the whole number of the clergy
in the Diocese seventy-six.
I refrain from making any detailed comments upon the stat(! of our
several Diocesan Funds, because our financial position will be discussed
at length in tl'e reports of the chairmen of the various committees. I
must, however, notice with satisfaction that our Mission Fund has ex-
ceeded that of the previous year by the consideral)le amount of !{;748.13.
The Sustentation Fund has not i)rogressed as rapidly as I hoped, i)ut
this may be accounted for by the fact of the Society for the Pro])agation
of the Gospel having renewed their grant of £550 stg. for three years,
which gives us more time for preparing to meet the demand Avhich will
fall heavily upon our resources when that grant is finally withdrawn.
The subscriptions to the fund have reached the sum of 113,853.48, of
which 111,073.11 have l)een invested.
Regarding our organi/atiou for the work of tlu; Diocese, T am more and
more convinced that it is as satisfactory as the most sanguine couid have
anticipated. I do not mean to say that improvement may not be jjossiljle
in details, and to all suggestions for such improvement we shall, I trust,
always be ready to lend an attentive ear; but of this I am certain, that
our ftiture success must depend on " the spirit of power and love and of a
sound mind" with which we use the machinery we have, lather than on
any attempts to extend or edify the Church by the mere foice of system,
however perfect; and I think it may reasonaPy be inferred tliat our
organization has 1 Atn tolerably successfid, when we find tlu old Dioceses
< f Montreal and Toronto imitating ou;' mode of procedure and taking
measures for the Incorporation of their respective Synods. But while I
bear my willing testimony to the increasing liberality of the members of
the Church, I would seriously press upon the laity to give urgent anil
serious attention to the wants yet to be supplied. According to return'
made to me by the clergy, I have ascertained that the total iimount con-
tributed for Church purposes for the year ending June 30lh, 18(i6, was
ninety thousand dollars, and if we take into account that liese returns
do not include considerable sums given by (churchmen wliicii do not
come within the knowledge of their Ministers, it is not unreasonable to
assume that for the year 18(55 one hundred thousand dollars were raised
for objects connected with the support of th'i Church. Avid if this
amount of liberality could be exhibited in a year of great depression,
surely with returning national prosperity we should with grateful impulse
replenish the treasury of our Zion with still am))ler gii'ts. There still
remain cliun-hes to be built, parsoiiagcis to be provided, new missions to
be established; and above all, there should be a generous efibr!, to raise
the stipends of our missionaries above the grinding level of six liundred
dollars a year. And though I am aware how trite a subject is that of
d
inissionaiy supi^ort, and how little of a new character can be added in its
bcliiili', yi't T cannot tbrhcar from touching upon it, l)ecru£e I conscien-
tiously Ik'Hi'vu that our attachment to the Church of God, our apprecia-
tion of our own spiritual advantaj^es, our sympathy for those who are out
)f the way, and our sense t)f the importance of maintaining and even
elevating the educational standard and social position of the Clergy, all
may be accurately guaged by the amount of our self-denial in furtherance
of the missionary cause.
Two very important Acts of Parliament have been i)assed during the
last Sessi(m— <me, An Act to enable the Synod to sell the Rectories ; the
other, to i)onnit the Provincial Synod to vary, repeal, or amend the
Church Temporalities Act. It will be necessary, therefore, for the Synod
to provide for the carrying out of the permission to sell the Rectories
wherever it shall be thought advisable to dibpose of them, aj it W)uld be
obviously inconvenient to convene special meetings of Synod for the
consideration of each proposed sale.
ONTARIO COLLEGE.
For several years I have r^'-Tjlored the want in this Diocese of any
institution where members . jie Church and others could obtain for
their sons the advantages of an education such as is given in the great
public schools at home. As our country increases in population and
material i)rospcrity, there is a growing demand for a higher class educa-
tion than is afforded in the county grammar schools, which are for the most
part day schools, and do not, as I think, fulfil public expectation. In
consequence of this want, it has of late years become customary for those
who can alTord it to send their sons to England to be educated. This I
should not regret in itself, if it were not confined to the few, and if all
who were educated at home returned to Canada to give us the benefit of
their training ; but it is a refiection on our enterprise and appreciation of
educational culture if we do not strive to bring its advantages in the
most perfect shape within the reach of a more numerous class. The
establishment and success of two such seminaries, one JJOO miles east of
us and the other the same distance to the west, conclusively prove the
existence of such a want as I describe, ana should inspire us with a hope
of founding a similar school for Central Canada with good prospect of
succeeding. Circumstances on which I need not dwell at length have
induced me to select Picton as the site of the proposed school. I had
many inducements to do so, and among them I mention two — first, that
it was possible to purchase a house and land suited for our purpose ; and
secondly, that the pe()i)le of the county promised to subscribe $8000 of
the purchase money. Altogether $14,182 have been subscribed, and notes
payable in four equal annual instalments have been given by the sub-
scril)ers. It had been hoped that we might have opened the school for
the reception of pupils this autumn, but that is now impossible, as my
long inability to engage in active business has retarded the work ; but I
bring the subject before the notice of the Synod because the school will
be in connection with the Church as to government, patronage, and
property; and I would wish to enlist the sympathy of so influential a
body in promoting knowledge, which is only really blessed when it is
Christian and is made the handmaid of the Church. There has been no
regular canvass for funds iu aid of the institution as yet ; but since so
hirgo a sum has hecii given in rospouHc to my own apjilication, eitlier
perscmally or by circular, I am sanguine tluit by a little ctlort we may be
enabled by the liberality of friends of (idueatioii to open our school early
next spring. And let us, while engaged in this business, recollect the
untold advantages that Inive resulted to the mother country from the
education given in successive ages in her endowed public schools. Many
of them originated in feeble beginnings, but being endowed in faith they
gatiiOred strength as time rolled on, and have sui)plie(l England with her
ablest 5ons in the arts of ])eace ami war. Tin; (Miurch as a spiritual
l)ody dejjendson tlie ])romise of her Divine Lord that she shall <;ontinue
to the end, whether endowed or unenriched Avith this world's wealth, but
there is a sense in which a relined and liberal education (which, when
fostered hy the Church, will react upon her and sustain her) needs
endowment for its development and perpetuity. We need security that
\ve shall have the ablest teachers that the age can sui)ply, and thus be
inde])endent of the w liims of fashion or the fluctuations of voluntary
support. To the opulent among us who know the naticmal advantages
which spring from education, I comn.end "Ontario College," which nuiy,
I liope, serve to reproduce in our adopted country, it may be on a small
scale, an instance of a public school, inconsiderable at first, but growing
with the life of the nation, and perpetuating the names of many who
will become its benefactors by subscriptions or bequests.
IIITUALISM.
The Cliurcli in the Mother Country is just now engagetl in an acrimo-
nious controversy regarding Ritualism. This movement has followed
close upon the agitation caused by "Essays and Reviews" and Dr.
Colenso, and under cover of the excitement stirred up by the revival of
obsolete ritual, the far more momentous question of deadly heresy in the
Church has become of secondary impijrtance in public estimation.
Indeed, it may well startle us when we find that there are multitudes
who, if Ave nuvy judge froni the warmth of their speeches, the tone of
their writings, and the violence of their acts, are much more tolerant to
a Bishop or a Priest avIh^ denies the ins2)iration of God's word, or the
eternity of future punishment, than they are to one Avho pra(!tises a
Ritual of doubtful legality. The nuiss of imthinking men are ever more
sensitive to a change in a ceremony than to a variation in a doctrine. But
Avhile Ave lament the greater facility Avith Avhich zeal may be roused against
an unusual ceremonial, than in defence of great doctrines of the Gospel,
and Avhile avc can trace it to the natural tendency to Avalk by sight and
not by faith, I am far from thinking that the adoption of the Ritual
comijlained of has not the element of great danger, though I do not
apprehend it from the direction to Avhich many look in alarm. In the
Avords Avhich I shall address to you, my desire is to calm undue feeling
and to point out Avhat I conceive to be our own duty as regards this
unhapi)y t<)pic of agitaticm. And I think, in the first place, it Avill tend
to reassure, as Avell as give us a fairer grasp of the Avholc (question in
debate, if avc bear in mind the following ctonsid'-rations :~ -
I. As ChristianH we cannot but believe that there is nothing improper
or inunoral in Ritualism jicr sc, Avhen employed in the wonihip of God,
The books of Moses contain an account of a highly ritualistic service,
sanctioned by Divine Authority, for the Church of the old dispensation
,1
5
t
(1
on earth, and tlic K(jvi'lati«»n of St. .John «;ivf.s us an insight into tin-
jforycoiis ritual of tlu- Cliurih in Ik-avcn. It (U-pcntls, tlu'icloic. wiiolly
on tlic cinnunstanct'S of the case, whether a certain liitual in the Chureii
.Militant l)e riylit or wrouu; heeause liitual onee jjossessed a divine
sanction — an approval whieh eould never have l»een aceorded to an\thin<i,'
wronj^ in itself.
II. But as Churchmen we arc Uitualists ; so much so that our onlinary
mode of worship ditfers c.\ceetlin<^ly from that of all others, and is
esteemed 1»>' those who dissent from us as Kituaiistie in tlu- extreme.
Uniformity in this Ritual is one of the leading principles of the Church ;
and that nothing should ))e left to the ca))rice of an individual minister
is the necessary conse(iuenee. The directions for the celel)ration of our
ritual arc to be found in the llul)rics, which are part of tiic Statute Law,
being confirmed by the Act of Uniformity, and conseijuently, according
to J^ord llardwick's celebrated decision, " bind the laity." The clergy
arc of course bound to the observance of the Rubrics by their subscrip-
tions of conformity and solemn declarations, and neither clergy nor laity
can plead usage as justification for non-compliance; with the Rul)rics,
because no custom can supersede the Statute Law. In the great case of
Liddell vk. Westerton, the Judicial ('ommittee afhrm that '' in the per-
formance of tlu; services, rites, and eerenu)nies, ordered by the Prayer
book, the directions ccmtained in it must be strictly observetl ; that no
omissions and no additions can be permitted ;" while the Prayer book
itself provides "that for the resolution of all doubts concerning the
manner how to understand, do, and execute the things contained in this
book, the parties who so douljt shall always resort to the IJishoi) of the
Diocese, who Ity his discretion shall take oriler for the (juieting and
appeasing of the sanu,*," Now, although this was, aiul continues to be,
the unqiiestional)le state of the law, yet for generations the services of
the Church were performed with little or no regard Icj rubrical accuracy.
The carelessness of the clergy prompted, and the laxity of iJishops
winked at, the most flagrant deviations from Church order, while the
laity apathetically accjuiesced in glaring violations of that uniformity in
worship which is a leading feature of our Church. The disuse of the
Offertory and daily prayer, the dismissal of the congregation immediately
after the Kermon was entled, the baptism of infants at any time but the
prescribed time, the neglect (A' the (. hurch's fasts and festivals, the
curtailment of the services, may serve as glaring instances of errors of
defect in ritual; while the singing of hynuis at the C(jmmencement of divine
service, the use of extemporaneous ]>rayer, and dignifying one part of
the service, namely, the sermon, with the extra Ritual of 2)r<)cessions and
change of vestments, are illustrations of errors of addition in unauthorized
ceremonial, which widely prevailed twenty years ago, and are even yet
not uncommon. Now% in the great religious awakening of om- day, it
Avas to be expectetl that there should be a return to Jirst i)rinciples,
and particularly to that great principle of uniibrmity to which the clergy
are so solenmly' pledged. This was not, however, attempted without
much excitement and acrimonious controversy; re/turatioii in the per-
formance of divine services was too often mistaken for liiiuir'itioii, aiul the
controversy regarding the Rubric on the '* ornaments of the Church and
the ministers thereof" does not now create; niorc strife than did the
subject then of Credence Tables, and Suri)lices and Offertory, points
which have at length been detiuitely settled by the highest Court of
I
6
Ai)|)fal, a.1,1 tlK! usc^ of wliich altiacts no ath-ntlon, lu-in- rc-ar.lct as a
".;.<*.;■• o» <-oms,.. WiM.n fl.j.n-ron., w find ....n, who, llm.na. ••n-ors , '
" ;■ ' 'r'';''^ tl.,. aws ut the (• rU in points on wl.i,l. ihm- is no
<l<H.l.t whalcv,.,-, i|„. n...st vd„.,ncnt assailants of tlnir Urcthn-n on
ix.mts ot (lonl.ttul Icjrality, w(^ arc coinpdiu.l to tho l.dicf that there is
!vi./r!"'"!^' >• " !""!' ^"^'">'-it'i^ive interin-etation of the hi^rhest court
whereby th<. ilispnt.-d j)c..nts nn.y },e forever set at rest. Tliev wl.o are
KUilty ot_ errors of onnssion, and they win, are guilty of errors of eoni-
nnss.on m the i.ertornn.nce of divine service, arf equally rcprehensihlo
and neither .-an l,rn,g charges against the othi with lonsistencv!
And >et they denounce each other as though excesses or defects in thj
o Kseryanc-e of onr 1 ,tual were nuvtters of taste and not nuitters of law
as ,t 1 knigs and d.sl.k.ngs could have any weight in u ceremonial fence
.und by stringent acts of Parliament, and assented to by the cIcM'"y
the most solenni deelarat mns. While then I have no hesitation^
expressing my own belief that many Churches in the Mother Countrv
practise a ceienionial winch deserves to be .umdemned, 1 also believe
the re^ison why it is culpable is because it is in many points .7/.^.^/ and
not because I have any great apprehensions that its tendencv is necessar v
oinish. It IS incumbent on me to make my meaning on this ,,oint cle ?
J .ere IS notlnng essentially#l{omish in a grand Hitual. Tl, O ien i
Imrch, which, as against K,,ine, is thoroughly I'n.testant as oursdve
IS u ceremonial which to us would seem excessive. The Luther n
C liurch has a ritual compared witli which our own, as on i m v
cSk^^c^-'tI'T'i '";\^r-V:' -"^l---» -- ^l'n.bl its Protciln^
clniacte . 1 he „dy of Christians called Irvingites rejoicx.s in a o-or-
miln L.;."f 't./''- /'' '' f /•""V^'-"'"5«i"Ji- the Protestantism ot^ s
ncmbe s. J le tact seems to be that the common sense of mankind
knows that Ki ual is one of the most powerful agents for ,nhXn^
nipressing and p..-pet,mting great principles ,- and well is this kn, wn Yo
be the case by such organi/.atiims as the Orange and JMasonie and Tern
SoflSdwhin"""r'V'"'^'*"'V""'"l^^^"^^^--
1 1 V to l^w n !'"'> '^''^'""^'-^ deserving of censure wJicn it is con-
aiy to has, ind when the actors in it become liable to the rebuke
denoimced by the thirty-fourth Article against him " Whos<,evVr tlroi -h
Ins private judgment, willingly and purposely doth openly break cm
ditions and ceremonies of the Church." To^ this censure^ I gr ektly fe u-
^"S; ^'V;;:';r"f '^'i'-';'"^ '"l? .U'Vote<l brethren at home luve dc!Z
Iv 1 ^ '^.^^'^''ty or Illegality of the practices which are most
niK, sib^^^^ ''""\ ''' ^''y^'^^^n^tnous to otter an opinion, since i
^3 C MM ^ ^ 1 "^?«S^'^^';^^;?"« ^='l"'>'^i«ts t., anticipate the decision
ot SI icii .1 Coil, as the Judicial Committee of the Privv Council Snch
a tribunal is beyond the reach of ordinary criticism ; but w i^e it is n
Eed of {;'-'-V'"-"'r'^^"'\^'r ^"^^^ 1^^'^ •'" ^'- Uitualiim^o -
p aincd ot, it s not going beyond t1»e limits of charity to maintain the
utter inexpediency <,t reviving some of those practices, and ^Zil
CtU^^^^V ;;^"^''V,/''''^^=™1'''^' tliense!,f services unauthS
by the 1 ia>er Look, and the apparent straining to assimilate; the cele-
bration ot the Holy Eucharist to that of the H<,mish mass
but, except (m the principle that "when one member sutlers all the
""; '"'iW VV'' '*' ; -^,!-^r-'-^'>' - ^l"--t interest in tld^clmt^
ly h ^ , 'f "" l"-!»l»i'>i'ity that our Diocese will overstep the law of
the Church and be guilty of illegal excess in Ritual ; and m/gTOund foJ
'5
I
cnlcrtfiiiuiii? this opinion is hocivusc T bcliove tlicre is a sincere desire on
the part of the Cler<^y i^enerally to conduct the services of the Sanctuary
rubrically, that is, le<i;ally. "Mun-e is no dan<,'er anu)n<,'st us of a reaction
from the error ot laxity in Kitual, to the error of excess in llitual, since
there has always l)e(!n an anxiety on the part of the majority of the
Clergy to observe decency and order in their ministrations, j^uided, as'
far as our circumstances will permit, by a riiiid adherence to the laws of
the Church. While this is, I feel assured, tlie wish of the (/'lerj-y, it must
be admitted that too often our Church Service is not presented to our
conjijrej^ations in its most attra(ttive aspect: many a one has bc{;n rather
repelled than attracted by the want of warmth and heartiness which
should characterize our worship. It would not bo sayinjj^ too much
to athrm with the; Archdeacon of Winchester, Avho, while denounc-
in<^ excess in Ritual, says, " We all confess that our Church services, at
least our worshippers, need elevation. Our conj^ref^ations are too want-
ing in fervour. Our psalmody is much below the age. We have not
reached the Avarmth of spring tide nuich less of sununer heat. In how
many churches even in Advent and Lent, no week day service is yet
found I In how many is the Holy Eucharist celebrated, only six times
and even less throughout the year I" It is true tliese observations are, I
rejoice to say, becoming less applicable to \\^, because, as I saitl, the aim
of the great body of the (-lergy has been to make the service rubrical,
hearty and attractive, and they are not liable to the temptation of plung-
ing into the oi)posite extreme of exceeding the law — a temptation wliicli
besets idl who, after a ])eriod of lax and indok-nt disregard of their
obligations, cou\e to their senses and strive to atone for llmir past non-
observance of the Rubrics, by going, wath all the zeal of converts, beyond
the ])lain re([uirem(nUs of the Rubrics.
It is besides worth observing that, even tlu)ugh the most objectionable
pra(!tices should be(!ome legali/e<l by ju<lgment f)f the Privy Council,
there is not a shadow of likelihood that they will become legal in any
sense but that of becoming permissible; and should such amount of
toleration lead, as some imagine, to a revision of the Book of Common
Prayer in the interests of any party in the (Hiurch, we hav(! the satisfac-
tion of knowing that such alterations will not ))e biiuling upon us,
unless the Church in Canada, in Provincial Synod assembled, solemnly
ratify the same.
On review of the whole, then, while we pray that He, who is "the
Author of peace and lover of concord,"' may speedily heal all breaches
of charity and all disunion in our Zion, let us not be troubled with evil
forebodings, but do our own duty in the work of Chunih order and cere-
monial with all hearty and loyal obediimce. We see in this contro-
versy nothing but the natural r(!action Irom the sinful neglect and the
illegal omissions oi' past days; it is the result also of the marvellously
improved taste in everything which api)ertains to Ecch^siastical art,
Avhich has extended to every religious community in some degree, and is
a characteristic of the age in which w'e live. We should never have been
troubled with the abuses, to whic^h this great reacticm has given birth,
had Church discii)liiie and !>overinuent kept ])ac.e with religious awakcni-
ing and zealous fervour ol" (lie members of the Church, 'i'liat a somt^wliat,
intemperate zeal shouhl accompany the great revival, was to be e\|)eeted
when for so many and grievous years fetters and rt^straints have been
imposed on the C'hurch's Convocations, and her executive ojlicers, the
8
S '';::. '::;:!:":;! !::'^r;:!;':^^ <" ''r'-iv^ ♦'"■ "...st n:...ant .hMs<.s. ti...
:1-:,;:h!;;::;-;;:!17':::'-^-;;'!^'-
.l.snplino "t'tl.c (;iMnvl, sl.onl.l 1... vin.licatcMl uith finn im,mrtialitv will
COLONIAL Tusrrops" bill.
A m.)st important Hill mhs intnxlnccl in tlu- last Session of tl.o
IniK-na Parhanu-nt hy tl.o Colonial Scerotary .n<l tl.o Attorm'v GcnornT
Soc.ot.v tor (1 >,-o;,aj^Mt,on ol ll.o (Jos,)ol to a Con.n.itt,-., ofwl.ioh the
Bishops,, OMon lOlouoosto.-, Oraha.nstoun, A<lolai<l,.; ami ()ntp Ho
0.0 ,no,nI..,-s. AV.th some mo.litications it was approvod an.lllu Vno
<l ul.t wonhl have l.ooonio law, l.nt tor Iho n-sii^nation of the lute
M nisfy Some legis ation ovi.lonlly hooame norossary in or lor to
relieve ( olonialiy o.-dained Clorgyn.on from disabilities to whi,^ Ihov
l.eoan.o I.ahlo m oonso(,uonro of tl.o recent J.idomonts of tl.o Ju.lS
ronnmttoo ol tl.o l>nvy Council. IJy a., Act pa'sso.i i,. tl.o .V.lth. (UunlvUl
rap. (.0 , ,s caclod that - No person onlainod Deacon or Priost In- any
Colonial B>sh.>p, not havin.i, Episcopal Jnrisdiotion within some Dioeesi
an, r,.si,hnn. thoro,n,may h,>h KccU-siastical pi-oforment unywho.-o in Ili
Ma.ostys Dom.n.ons, or olhciat,' at anv i,la,r, or in any manner -m
'M.nisto,- ottho EstaMisl.,.d Chn.cl. ofEn^hnul an,l In'Ian '" Now
since It has l>een ,leei,lo,l that Episcopal Jnris,li,-tion was not conferred
s was intemle,l)hy the Letters Patc-nt, all tl.,.so wh,, have lleen ordainS
by ]i.sl.,n)s in such a pos.t.on so,-,., to bo subject t,. thos,Mlis,inalitications
irr*;?'" f' "itent.,moftl.o law, an,l to the very s.-rious inji^ ,?
bo 1. themselves and ot many other persons. The chief object of the
o V'vTr T- ^'^ ■^;^'M:'Vl'^y t^ appointments an.l ministerial Acts in
S, ^^V "'^'""'.';^^^''''"1^" "''* Inivin- Jnris,li,.ti,m in the place of
tl eir residence and I have yood hope that the bill may become law.
That some t.gislation on the whole qnestion of the status of the Colonia
Church will take place I have no d,)ubt, because the authorities at home
are beM^nning- to see what I ventured to athrm a year an<l a half a-o
that the whole tendency of recent docisi,)ns in England is to make'us
drift into the status ,>t;the Episcopal Churches of America and Se, tlan
n our relation to tlio United Church of En-land and I.-elan,! " In fact
there is a disintegrating process going on in the (M.urch of the Empire
Many perscms in England view this st-ite of things with cmcern, not s,j
much because ,)n Scriptural and Catholic grounds thev ought to work in
avor of Ln.ty, but because they f,.ar that the spc-otach^of indoi,endent Co-
lo.iial C huirlu's may ,),-ovo an in,„nv,-niont pn.o,.d,.nt an,I roa,t on the
Establ.sl.0,1 (hu.-ch ot England: otho.-s again anti,;ipating the time
when what are now (Jolonies, will ontain more members ,)f the Church
both Clerical and Lay, than England herself does at iiresent, are naturally
I
4
I
1
9
an.vious that this great body aliould be kept compacted by Law. Accord-
ingly the Colonial Secretary has recently forwarded circulars to the
several Bishops, reciuestir, answers to certain questions relating chiefly
to the organization and ^..^tistics of their Diocese, and the Lord Bishop
ot London, whom circumstances have closely connected with the difficult
questions likely to arise, is asking iufurinatiou from influential
meml)ers oi the Colonial Church on some points to which I would direct
attention I do sobecause, as liis Lorilship says, " the connexion of the
Colonial Church with the Mother Church will probably come under the
serious consideration of Parliament next Session," and also because he
not only wishes to know my own feeling, but what I believe to be the
teeling both ot the Clergy and Laity in my Diocese, on the following
points : — °
" First— The desirableness or otherwise of all Bishops in British Col-
onies receiving their Mission from the See of Canterbury, and takinir the
oath of Canonical obedience to the Archl)ishop.
" Second—Whether it is desirable that there* should be an appeal in
graver cases from thejudgments of Church courts or dccisicms of Bishops
or Synods in the Colonies, to any authority at home ; and if so (1) to
what authority ; (2) under what restrictions ?
,. ".J'l^^'^r^V^^ I^^'J^^^ ^^y^^^ Supremacy, as acknowledged by the
CnlnS w-r''^ °^ ^"^'"^^'^ "'^^^ ^^'^^'^"d' ^*^" ^^ maintained in on-
Colonial Churches ?
"Fourtli— What seems the best guarantee for maintaining unity of
To these questions I replied as follows :
Kingston, Canada West, Nov. 3, 1866.
My Dear Lord :
of o!'riVf^ ^'"Tl' *" '•^'''^^«w\<^^^g« tl»« ^'eccipt of Your Lordship's letter
quire. ^ '"""'' "' '""'^"'S' ^^'"^ "^formation you re-
n..?;i?f^r"'r •^'''^i"^' /^ ^^'^'^ '* 'f "'"'^ undesirable that all Bishops in
S .1 <^« «"^e« f ""l*l/-^"^^ive their Mission from the See of Canterbury
or take the oath oi Canonical obedience to the Archbishop As a
necessary consequence of the confiscation of our State endowme it, and of
our being (agamst our own will) reduced to the condition of a vol taiv
Society, the Church in Canada has, by means of an enabHng act o? tli^
Canadian Legislature been organized into an Ecclesiastical Province
mder the Bishop of Montreal as Metropolitan, and since his appointment
which does no rest on Letters Patent for its validity) three electkms to
the Episcopate have taken place, and two of the Bishops so elected 1 ave
taken the oath of Canomcal obedience to the Bishop of Montreal and
us successors; the third has not yet been consecrated. I hold it there-
r-m'^rh b1l/.rf r'''\' r"" ^'' "^''S" tlie Ecclesiastical Province of
i.yanaaa in that ot (Janterbury.
IL I feel that it is liighly undesirable that there should be an appeal
from the Metropohtical Court of Canada to any exiting court c^lS on
any purely spiritual or doctrinal question. At present no s ch appe^
can be prosecutec un ess our Diocesan or Metropolitical Courts bv S
judgments aflcct the rights of property, or are held to be irrcgulaHn £
>J
V
h
10
])rocedure, in which cases there is iin aimr-il u fi.,. ni.A\ n i. •
£J tlire,;;:^ Ji,;;i;ii^;f calls'""' ^"-' --" '- -* "'^
fo„'l1::r''" S"''r'^;i''^'' ''j'^'''V--'- - -^
tion, Licence or Indiulion to n Ikneficc Tl.k '^ r?,„..,i .,„ "^^^""^
reguhitecl here, as at home, by I au By -"t CHn li-u s /,, ^ "'i'^ ;'
h\' fLo Piv.T,.,, +1,^ n I'-i-.' ■*■"'"•. ^i '"' ^'iii'Hiian btatiiie, assented to
ni .^ r , ' ^ ^^"^^'^^ Pvcrooative lias been curtailed and certain
ot tieCimM to the cont;-ary not^yilhstamlino• " und this curtail mcnf
W^r^nf r ''''''''}"' ^-^ '^'' '^'''^^'^'^' Conm;iitee,^yW ^ ha d c S
t ut liei .lajesty cannot assign a terntoj-ial jurisdiction to a Bislio ) n a
Colony possessnio. a Leoi'^lalurc of its oAvn and th^i ttln-, IT^.} ^ ^
k;c^;;T '.etween the Church i„ such a Colo^/illJd"^;^ i?h^.K
vJ,^^fli^^''V ^i^^'^^^'^i^}- ^H,t) to annul the limitations
^^^^zdt:;:^X:^i: ^^^^y^ ^-i— t, i ^^ that
i>iS:^:s;^J:^^£;^:StS;.jtrl;^^^^^
Anglican Couno.i conyencd au<i prc^slck" ! . v "iV n " Kl S ^J
^e^'^7i "' T^-""^' '^ ^^^''^'^^'. '''^^'^ •''•iutcr.-onin^udon n^ ^ t X
such a uuion I ;>^;-^^;e inli.ua. ^^^^^ .,,. any W^IScS:
^ourLordslnp's faithful Brother in Christ.
Rt. Hon. and lit. Key. the Lo.J f^ishop of London, ''' '*' *'^^^^^^^-
ANGLICAN COUNCIL,
In my address dclivcvcd to you, n.y Brethren, in June, 1HG4 I exnressed
hoTeS,^' ^^^-^\^^!-^}f --SU soon be' invited to assemble'^unde?
the piesidency of the Aichbishop of Canterbury, to devise means be^t
fitted for re-assurmg the mind^^ of multitudes which were unSttled a?d
r;pT'y r^unc I'T' ""' '\'"- "'' "' -'-^— ^' <>^ -cenrdecSis of
uie fn y (.ouncd. So strongly iinpresscd was I witii the necessi^v of xnr4,
a measure, that I felt my duty would be unporfc,rnied ^ I dk :Uln"ke
the attempt to stir np tlie minds of those in authority to the 1^^^^?
of giving this most solemn and momentous questionVdLn ate conS:^
W T ^^^^^?V;^^^^'/^ ^!^' ""'f^'^'S *^^ our Provincial Synod held fn Sep '
1865, I moved the adoption of an r.ddress to th. Aichbishop of CaxTv-
"It
i
11
.„y, .. hu.% ^^^^^i^^ ror:sS: wht'^o'dfat;
^nL^er Cm tho Archbishop o( «M>teibury expressed m as eneourag-
f=\':°|u,abep..b£ant^^^^^^^
rial mi this subicct to the Convocations ot Canteibary ana loric, lu cuu
™;°ei*»ch, in «- f tr,sr ;; rSvoeSn ^o-r ci^°
terbury, 'that H'^G-^JV" "'^'j'^";"';"^^ 1,„, report upon the address
I't'tffSSn raXf te UniS Cl,nrel. o£ Snglan^l and Ireland/'
°4i;],S;"^\'\tMs request ^^^^
tXrtVatSfofftr^^tea Cbnreh of England and Ireland, and
in tl c wa. ot a' embling snch a Conncil (wh ieh they see no suffleient
™,,se to ann ■el.e, d) yom° Comnuttee are of ..pinion that no tame should
rb,trS.veni g a Representati.... of the Ohnrchesui lands subject to
the BritWrCiw for the consideration of the special chffionlfes afEeetmg
h s?«er<n.'son,eof '';-'; »'*,<, •''-^'c'r' "" '"'"
-^ie'S^,::?grtr?i -;!r;;:S';:^',^"f vantages to l. derived
JnioJtofe^fer togeffier "l-"V-«7'« °-™^ :t'e dSSTtio
these days to imperil the acceptance of 'Tlic f.uth once cleuvoiea to me
*T'" To provide a broad basis upon which to found attempts to bring
-r^^^=z::^X^ ^ght
nflvisnhh^ hv each Church lor itsdf. i-r • i-u
5 - The li n^r counsel together as to the best means of sanctifying the
Commerce En i-n-ation and Cokmi-/.-.tion of the Enghsh-speakmg popula-
tiorJhmnghont the world, for the promotion among them of a Christian
civilization. .^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ Missionary action of the several
Cllllrcl^s ome Anglican Comnuudon may ^^;^^V^P^,^^ ^ ^ ^^
Avird in brotherlv co-operation, harmony and fallows up. , . , .
Such tSs as these would /it all times form an absorbing subject for
the pmyeSc'msideration of the Church of Christ, because they may be
12
Huninied up us (1) guards against Heterodoxy, (2) Intercommunion of the
Churches, (3) right Ecclesiastical discipline, and (4) the extension of Mis-
sionary work ; but there is something so peculiarly embarrassing in the
present aspect of many of the Colonial Churches, that the exigency of i 'le
times absolutely demands, that since the ties which once ^ lound the
Churches abroad to the Church at home, have been cut ; since no legal
identity any longer exists between us and the United Church of England
and Ireland ; since the power of appeal is gone, Ave must fall back upon
those original principles which, when worked out in faith, are equal to any
emergency, and depend upon that spiritual basis of Communion which
will be stronger than Letters Patent, which is, and I pray may ever be,
dearer to us than the mere accident of legal recognition, and which can
only be brought to a successful issue by the meeting in Council of all the
scattered Branches of our Communion after the example of the Holy
Apostles and the Universal Church. And here I would draw your atten-
tion to a passage in the Report of the Committee of Convocation which
illustrates in a remarkable manner how the timidity felt in so many quar-
ters in England regarding the admission of the Lay clement into Church
assemblies is being somewhat modified. The Committee of course had to
deal with the difficulty of the admission of a representation in an Angli-
can Council, in which the Lay element shall find a place, because the Eng-
lish Church at home can send no such representatives from her Synods.
The Committee are not deterred by the gravity of the difficulty from re-
commending "that the true way of dealing with it is to take the Estab-
lished and Non-Established (^hurclies as they arc found to be ; to exercise
upon all hands a generous confidence, and to throw no difficvilties in the
way of assembling a Council in the form it would naturally take of a re-
presentation from each (!hnrch in the form in which it may seem good to
each Church to send it. " This language is both significant aud generous,
and it is only by the whole Church in all quarters of the world becoming
animated by the same spirit, that Ave can maintain that intimate connec-
tion Avith the Parent Church (AA'hich it Avas intended to perpetuate by
other means) and I)y the spiritual acts Avhich are inherent in our Office
draw as closely as possible the bonds Avhich Aviil forever unite us to the
Church of our Fathers.
It may strike some of you, my TBrethrcn, that I am needlessly emphatic
in the expression of our desire to continue in the most intimate union
possible Avith the United Church of England and Ireland, and that I am
only asserting a truism Avhich no Canadian Churchman doubts; but I re-
gTet to say that there is a necessity for plain utterance of the facts of our
case, because in some influential quarters in England our attachment to
the Cliurch at home is suspected. There is a floating, vague impression that
the severance of the ties Avliich linked us together was, if not of our own
doing, yet at least tacitly api>roved by us. And yet what is the foundation
for this suspicion, this unkind taunt at a Church which has found the State
a poor shield in tlie day of trouble, and yet is loyal as ever in the desire
to continue one with the Chnrch at home V Were avo parties to the secu-
liirization of our ju'operty Avliich was assented to by the CroAvn? Was it
with our consent that the union of Church and State was dissolved? His
not every link between the Church here and at home been snapped in the
Judicial Ctmmiittee of Her Majesty's Privy Council? Whence then this
cruel suspicion of the sincerity of our desire to be one Avioh the Church at
home ? We have incurred censure because when our property was taken
13
away, when every vestige of an establishment was obliterated, when our
le-al identity with the Church of England has been deliberate y denied in
the Court of final Appeal, we are found to l^e a self-governing body, elect-
in-our own Officers and framing our own code of discipline any rights ot
the Crown to the contrary notwithstanding. " We hold that the connec-
tion of the Church with the State is an accident of her existence, and
when the accident is not found, that the State fares Avorse than the Church.
Having ceased to possess any advantages whatever from the Civil Fower
we were not likely to endure any restrictions on our progress from that
source But then every act of the Canadian Church done m self-defence
is perfectly compatible with the ardent wish that she may not be inde-
pendent in the sense of being uncontrolled by the wisdom, moderation,
Laming and Standards of the Church of England. We know and reahze
the danger of the unestablished Colonial Churches diverging m process
of time from the principles of the Parent Church and therefore we seek
to establish by voluntary compact what has been denied us by Law. And
shall it be said that what has been effected l)y Wesleyans and llomamsts
who beiiicv free from any restrictions of law, arc yet intimately connected
with the Parent bodies from which they spring, cannot be achieved by
the Church to which we belong? We seek then, as though living m pure
and primitive times, to fallback on primitive principles, and on a volun-
tary and spiritual basis, erected by an Anglican t^o^^^c^l' .^^^.^ 'J'J''^
CommunioA and fellowship all the scattered Churches which hold a com-
mon faith. It may be that the trials and necessities of the Co oniai
Churches have been pei-mitted for the solving of great problems abroad
which could not have been tested at home without disaster, and I am sure
that Endish colonists will rejoice even in affliction if it result in bring-
ing the whole Anglican Church together to bear its testimony against
the false claims of R(mie and the baseless presumption of infidehty It
this be the issue of the faiimus judgment of the Judicial Committee of
Her Maiestv's Privy Comicil, we shall hail it with satisfaction as the
"Magna Charta" of the Hberties of the Colonial Churches.
-Rnt whatever may be the end of this movement, (and if it be of God it
cannot be overthrovvn), we should feel devoutly thankful that the subject
has received such candid consideration from the Committee appomted by
Convocation, who conclude their report by expressing their beliet that
no movement has been made, or can be made, more essential to the >vell-
being of the churches of the Anglican Communion, and therein to the
extefJon of the Primitive Faith and Apostolical Order throughout the
worirthan that which has arisen out of the address of the Church m
^ And^il concluding my remarks on these subjects, which have a deep in-
teitst for us all, "I pray that your love may abound yet more and more
n cnowLdge aAd in'al/judgment ; that ye may approve ^rngs th^.^^^^^^
excellent- that ye may be sincere and without offence till the day ot
aS being filled with the fruits of righteousness which ar. by Jesus
Christ' unto the glory and praise of God. Amen.