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COl!i;F>i'oXI)i;N( F OF l!Al;oX DF (illlM.M Wnil lilF DFKi; or SA\K.(,..TnA, THK ):M1'U1:ss ok KISSIA, aud .iiii.rS,'Vi...:..i- „!■ 1:, .,■,,,,,. l)i't\v.-. ■! till' 'i..ars i7,vj niiilr/'.iii. •! v.iis, -J! -. 'I'iic same in l"ri..|iIUM.4l. ■•■''H»:':V'V.r^>^ ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS 0» COLONEL LANDMANN. ,PV CHAI^ER I. My birth — Christening — Lord Townshend — Page — Koehler— Sir T. Hislop— The King's visit to Wool- wich — nie Board of Ordnance attends the proving of cannon — Lord Townshend robhed of his watch — SnufF-shops in London — Chocolate House at Blackheath — Lord Townshend's knuckles — Dr. Gore — I go to school at Dufort's, Shooter's Hill — Congreve, V^erbrugen and Bloomfield — Proof of jannon — Mortar and howitzer practice on Woolwich Common — Mortar burst on Plumstead Common- Lord E. Fitzgerald — Prince Rupert's Tower — Lord Heathfield — Our visits at Turnham Green — 23rd April, 1789 — Salute with maroons — Caricature of Lord Heathfield — His Lordship's visit to the Ham- mersmith baker — The cocked hat. y H My father had succeeded Dr. PoIIock, as Professor of Fortification and Artillery to the VOL. I. B ■I '<# 2 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS Royal Military Academy, in the year 1777, whilst the celebrated Doctor Hutton was Pro- fessor of Mathematics in the same institution. At this time, Viscount, afterwards Marquis, Townshend was the Master-General of the Ordnance; and as it was in consequence of his Lordship's invitation that my father had accepted the appointment, he rarely went to Woolwich without paying my father a \'isit, and dinuig at our house, attended by scarcely any other person of his staff excepting young Montgomery, Lady Townshend's brother. At his Lordship's own request, he became my god- father soon after my birth, which took place on the 11th of April, 1780, at the Royal Arsenal, then, and for many years subsequently, known as Woolwich Warren ; my other godfather being Captain, the late Sir Thomas Page, who had not long before been seriously wounded at the battle of Bunker's Hill. Lady Townshend stood godmother, and among the company present on the occasion was Mr., afterwards General Sir Thomas Hislop, Baronet, whom I look upon as my earliest friend, as he was the first person who took me from the nurse into his arms. R ,:*■ .,j#.i'ttt; k OF COLONEL LANDMANN. At this early period, the Master-General and generally all the officers of the Board of Ord- nance entered much more into their affairs at Woolwich than has been the practice in later times ; and even the King, (George III.) was a frequent visitor. On the 9th of July, 1785, his Majesty, attended by the Prince of Wales, reviewed the Royal Artillery there, and having been diverted by a sham-fight, was conducted to the Warren, in order to see the effect of hot shot fired at a target constructed in every respect to resemble a portion of the side of a ship-of-war ; it was burnt to ashes in a short time. After this, he visited the Military Aca- demy ; and on entering the upper class, called my father, made the usual inquiries as to the progress of the young gentlemen, particularly if their conduct was satisfactory, and then inquired if he had anything new to show him ? Having anticipated this question, my father had pre- pared a side view of a brass twenty-four-pounder on a travelling carriage, and in order to exhibit the parts concealed behind the wheel, he had drawn a wheel on a separate paper, and had cut out all the parts not drawn upon, and theft B 2 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS fastened it by one edge exactly in its place, so that by raising this wheel, the cannon and parts of the carriage necessarily covered by it were at once exposed to inspection. In the same manner, by another drop-leaf, the inside of the cannon and' of the carriage were fully displayed. This kind of drawing is now very common, but at the time here alluded to, I believe it was quite unique. .^ ,uv«»m On seeing this, the King was so much delighted that he clapped my father on the shoulder and exclaimed, "This is the best thing I have seen to-day." Several other drawings on the same principle were then pro- duced, amongst which were a thirteen-inch sea- mortar, in its house ; the plan and elevation of a powder-magazine, showing the outside, then, by lifting the drop-leaf, the inside was dis- played with all the barrels of gunpowder neatly stacked, &c., &c. The King's delight wa$ expressed in strong terms on each being ex- plained, and he asked for copies. The originals were immediately placed at his disposal. " Well, well, Mr. Landmami," said the King, " I accept them ; and be assured you have j^ ff.'- OP COLONEL LANDMANN; made me an agreeable present. If you have any iUvour to ask, speak out." ; . ' ^ , My father bowed and thanked the King, but did not take advantage of his eondescension. On another occasion, the Queen (Charlotte) eanie, accompanied by the King; and having ent<;rcd the upper academy, his Majesty turned to my father, and taking him by the arm said, as h(^ introduced him to the Queen : ^ i ,. " There, .;here is one of your countrymen. He will talk German to you as long as you like ; but he nevertheless speaks very good French and English too." My father left the academy in conversation with the Queen, who did not dismiss him until she was about to enter the carriage ; upon which, observing that he was about to kneel and kiss the hem of her garment, in the Ger- man fashion, she lield out her hand. i- As often as a sufficient number of new can- non were ready to be proved, the Master- General appointed the day for trying their strength; and with a view to rendering this important service less severe, an exceUent cook was, at an early hour in the morning, sent from I I .'■3 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS London, by water, in one of the Ordnance barges, well fiu*nished with all the good things requisite for providing a first-rate dinner. In those days, three o'clock was the ordinary time for this meal ; but on occasions of hard service it was postponed till four, at which hour the members composing the Board of Ordnance, together with a large number of the civil and military officers of the Woolwich estab- lishment and gan'ison, assembled ii. the hall of the second class of the Royal Militar}- Academy. My father was always invited ; and I have heard him relate the interesting anecdotes with which Lord Townshend entertained his guests. Among his favourite subjects were the siege of Quebec, and the extraordinary talents displayed by the immortal Wolfe. His Lordship also told a story of having, when walking home from Covent Garden Theatre, been set upon by thieves, who picked his pocket of a valuable gold repeater, chain and seals. A short time afterwards when leaving the theatre, he was again surrounded, probably by the same gang. Just as they were commencing to jostle and press round him, his Lordship drew forth a 5' ' ■ I OF COLONEL LANDMANN. metal watch by a piece of common string, and swinging it round and round over his head, loudlv exclaimed: "Pinchbeck, you dogs! — pinchbeck, you dogs !" Upon which, the ras- cals instantly dispersed. » '";^ ^ It was also nearly about the same period that a man, whose name was Hardham, butler or house-steward to Lord Townshend, having accumulated a small sum of money, was desirous of setting up in some way of business. On soliciting his master's advice, he reminded the man that there were but four or five snuff-shops in all London, and assured him that the use of tobacco would greatly increase. Hardham thank- fully acted upon this hint, and in a few weeks his name was painted over the second door in Fleet Street, from Fleet Market (now Farring- don Street). - ^ The Chocolate House, in the Grove at Black- heath, was a place in great favour with Lord Townshend; and he very frequently invited a party composed of the ci\'il and military officers of the Ordnance, stationed at Woolwich, to dine there with him. On one of these occasions, his Lordship, in order to mark the important -»«(? 8 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS parts of his narrative, struck the tabic with his fist so violently, that the impression of his four knuckles was deeply imprinted int(j the wood, which daily polishing, for several years after- wards, was insufficient to efface. In the year 1782, his Lordship had ceased to be the Master-General of the Ordnance ; but in the spring of the following year, he was again appointed to that office ; upon which occasion, on the 29th of May, 1783, he gave a splendid dinner at the Bull Tavern, on the top of Shooter's Hill, to the military and civil officers of the Ordnance, at Woolwich, in all ne hun- dred and thirty-one persons, at which pi;^ father was present. An event occurred somewhere about the year 1784, which created a considerable sensa- tion throughout the neighbourhood. A Dr. Gore built a large red-brick house, on the western declivity of Shooter's Hill, nearly at the back of the Red Lion public-house, and having insured the same, together with a consi- derable amount for furniture, plate, &c., in one of the London Insurance Companies, he shortly after fired the premises, which were totally :.^^>y^ ' V;; ■.•*>>.. i •**•• 1*, <*' •■>,'l. OF COLONEL LANDMANN. brought on some verj' disagreeable and totally unsatisfactory explanations. '* '■ '^' Prince Rupert's Tower stood in my father's garden, distant only thirteen feet from the southern end of the building, erected by the architect Vanburgh, and then used for the upper class of the Royal Military Academy. It had for some time been considered unsafe, and was at last ordered to be taken down. The tower was eighty-three feet high, was built of red bricks, forming six stories, and the circum- ference was exactly equal to the height. On one occasion, during a very strong gale from the OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 19 south-west, I was standing at the door of my father's house, when I fancied I could perceive Prince Rupert's Tower rocking to and fro. I mentioned this to my father, who, at first, treated my scientific observation with disre- gard ; but I pressed the subject ^ much, that in 'jrder to determine the fact, he went up to th e highest room in the tower, of which he had possession for his philosophical instruments ; and by sus|)ending' a plummet to the ceiling, he ascertained that the tower actually did rock backwards and forwards, five inches and one quarter, or a little more than two inches and a half each way. vi In this building lived and died, in a state of great poverty, the widow of the celebrated Smipson, who so ably revised the " Elements of Euclid." Mrs. Simpson was, at the time of her death (in 1784), upwards of one hundred years of age. Her son, a poor tailor, and his wife, with whom the old lady had resided, remained in the tower until the period of its demolition. It was one of a chain of towers, which had been erected on the southern side of the Thames; and as the sides of the top apartment were formed 120 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLFXTIONS almost entirely of windows, it was conjectured that these buildings were used for telegraphic purposes. I have seen the remains of two others ; one, consisting of the lowest room only, and covered with a roof, was in a garden near the western extremity of the present Powis Street, at Woolwich ; and the other, also reduced to one floor, and roofed, was situated a mile or more to the eastward of Plumstead Church, and was occupied by a farmer. It is by no means improbable that the remains of seve- ral others might be discovered or traced along the course of the Thames. A very perfect model of Prince Rupert's Tower w^as made for ray father by the Ordnance modeller, Mr. Short (a man six feet four inches high), prior to its destruction, which left not one brick of its foun- dations standing. I have lately presented this model to the United Service Institution. Several very antique bottles were taken out of a cavity wliich may have- served as a ctjlka* ; but the liquid they contained, in no way resembled any kind of spirituous liquor i I had many of them some years since, and still retain two. It was not long after this time, that George ! OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 21 III. was first very severely indisposed, and that Doctors Willis and Fordyce were the physicians who attended on his Majesty, and who effected his restoration to health. It was also at about the same period that the great Lord Heathfield, who had so gallantly defended the fortress of Gibraltar, against the combined efforts of France and Spain, was suffering under a severe paralytic affection of hih lefl side. His Lordship occupied a house at Tumham Green, on the left. The hero of Gibraltar, having contracted a great regard and friendship towards my father, my family were often invited to pass a few days at his Lordship's residence. I was at Tum- ham Green on the memorable 23rd of April, 1789, when George III. attended by the royaj family and nearly all the nobility of the United Kingdom, went in full state to St. Paul's Cathedral, to return thanks to the Almighty for his happy restoration to health, after hi$ severe indisposition. Lord Heathfield joitied the procession. This important event was celebrated in an appropriate manner through- out the British Islands. At Tumham Green, * n '% r. I 22 ADVFNTURKS AND RBCOLLBCTIONS ':!? Lord Heathfidd had been engaged in making prepfuutiont for a public manifestation of re- joicing during some weeks; a party of the Royal Artillery, selected as the best fire- work makers, were employed in arranging '{tie rockets and disposing of a collection of "•heels, maroons, &c,, but more particularly in manufacturing a large fire-ball to be erect- ed on a strong iron pole, and placed on the top of the house. This fire-ball was in every respect similar to those used at Gibraltar during the last siege, to illuminate the approaches to the Rock, and to render the works of the enemy so clearly seen fipom the fortress as to enable the artillery to keep up a destructive fire during the darkest nights. These men were also occupied in making various experiments for lighting all the lamps <:• h' some large and well-executed transparent ^intings by one train ; cotton-wicks dipped in ispirits of turpentine leading from lamp to lamp, were cleverly arranged ; ultimately com- municating with the grand fire-baQ which was three to four feet in diameter. Much care wis required amongst so much fire to guard against OP COLONEL LANDMANN. 23 )f the danger of destroying the premises ; in con- sequence of which two fire-engines were pro- cured, and kept in constant readiness to act in case of need. At two o'clock of the morning, an ox with gilt horns, stuffed full with potatoes, was spitted and placed between two fires in a shed erected for the purpose on the middle of the green in front of the house; and during the afternoon several butts of beer were distributed to all who applied for it. The pressure of the crowd sur- rounding the beer-casks was very great, appa- rently they had never before felt so much thirst ; but amongst them one man in particular became so impatient to procure his share, that he con- trived to raise himself up and actually succeeded in getting on to the shoulders of the mob, when every one, anxious to rid himself of the burthen, pushed him upon the man before him ; at last he was bundled into the open cask of beer, but was instantly saved firom drowning in the too valuable liquid. After this, 1 observed an old woman running off with a coal-heaver's slouch hat, carrying it with its two sides folded together lesembling a rush hand-basket, which I i' 24 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS she had been so fortunate as to get filled with beer. My father made an etching of the scene) of which he distributed copies amongst his friends, and sent twenty of them to Lord Heathfield. Between five and six of the evening of the day, whilst we were at dinner, the King passed along the high road on the opposite side of the green, on his return to Kew ; upon which, as had been previously arranged, a royal salute was commenced on the top of the house vith maroons. The loud reports called us all to the stone platform at the front of the houoe ; and whilst Lord Heathfield, who had been wheeled in his chair to the door, was waving his hat to his Majesty, who had ordered his car- riage to be stopped, and was l^^aning out of the carriage window, bowing and waving his hat in acknowledgment of the compliment, a large - piece • of the parapet-wall coping was thrown down by the repeated explosions : it fell to the ground with great force, grazing the left arm of his Lordship, but doing him no further injury. On returning to the dinner-table, he seized a bottle of port wine, ¥\ OP COLONEL LANDMANN. ( \ 3 I tilled a bumper, and standing up, enthusiasti- cally exclaimed, "Here's to the health of my beloved King — George the Third, God bless him !" The kindness of his Lordship in allowing Miss Mackay, daughter of the Quarter-Master of his regiment, to till his library with kittens, produced a caricature, of which I possess a copy, exhibiting, '* The cock of the Rock," as he was frequently denominated, sitting in an arm-chair, on a battery, with one foot bound up in flannels, supported on a foot- stool, surrounded by cats gambolling and playing many antics, to the great delight of the General, who is represented taking special interest in their pursuits ; underneath is the title — " Once a man and twice a child." I was once with his Lordship, when he stopped the carriage before the shop of a baker in Hammersmith. The master, an old man, immediately came out, and Lord Heathfield made inquiries respecting a boy, who, many years ago, had been at a neighbouring school, and used to buy hot rolls at this shop. The VOL. I. c -■; ) ,' ■ ■ 26 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS I I baker, after a littler reflection, recollected him, and related several anei.-dotcs in his favour, not forgetting to add, however, that he left the place fourteen pence in his debt. Lord Heath- field having, with great emphasis, animadverted on tliis discreditable piece of intelligence, to the man's intense astonishment, acknowledged him- self the " young Elliott," whose character had been so freely canvassed. Of course the debt was paid, with more than compound interest. His Lordship then asked to taste one of the rolls he had been in the habit of enjopng with such abundant relish. It was brought, a mouthful satisfied him, and he declared it vastly inferior to tliose that were made when he was a boy. The roll, however, was exactly of the same kind — the keen appetite of the schoolboy only had altered. I remember a servant of Lord Heathfield being entrusted to bring home a valuable baro- meter, with strict injunctions against careless- ness whilst the instrument was in his custody. Presently, the man made his appearance before his master without the barometer. " I know you have broken it, you rascal, by ---r^r^fn*!^, r OF COLONEL LANDMANN. •T [ your look," exclaimed his Lordship, looking the footmiin sternly in the face. " All to pieces, my Lord," replied the fellow, w ht ho had done something to be proud of. This impudence so amused his master, that after laughing heartily, he satisfied liimself by telling the man to go to the , and took no further notice of the transaction. My father and myself were, on the 7 th of May, 1790, particularly invited to meet a large party, amongst whom were the Polish Ambas- sador and a Polish General, the celebrated General Roy, who commenced the great survey of England, Colonel Elliott, Lord Heathfiold's only child. Captain Gunn, Sir William Fordyce, Doctor Curtis, Mr. Barclay, and several others ; but Lord Heathfield having been detained in London, by the King, did not join the party until after the dinner was over. Sir W. Fordyce now recommended his Lord- ship to go to ALx-la-Chapelle, to try the waters. Lord Heathfield pressed my father very anxiously to accompany him ; but on ap- plying for leave of absence from the Royal Military Academy, the Master-General of the c 2 28 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS J! \, M f.^ I .■ II f f lir Ordnance refused his consent. On taking leave of us, his Lordship made to each a present of slight value, excepting the one to my mother, which was the hroad crimson ribhon of the Grand Cross of the Bath — the first which his Lordship had worn on being knighted at Gibraltar. This relic is still in my possession. At Aix-la-Chapelle, his Lordship met with a lady towards whom, in earlier days, he had felt much esteem, and probably sentiments of a more tender nature. Feeling himself rapidly sinking, and being anxious to provide for her future comforts, he oifered to marrv her, l)ut died before the ceremony could be performed. Colonel Elliott of the , who was on bad terms with his father, succeeded to the title and entire property, with the exception of a . few small legacies, one in particular amounting to six hundred pounds, to Lieu- tenant Koehler of the Royal Artillery, who had s,erved his Lordship as aid-de-camp during the greater portion of the siege of Gibraltar. The Colonel became the second and last Lord of that name. The great Lord Heathfield had his pecu- Y ■■.■::# OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 29 liarities, as well as other great men. In those days, the cocked hat was worn by men of every rank and station in the army, as also by a vast number of civilians; and was properly a three-cornered hat, with all the sides turned up nearly alike, and all nearly equal in extent ; the three cocks also were equally projecting: in short, they were very similar to the hats lately worn by the Greenwich and Chelsea pensioners, and to those which still adorn the wigged- coachmen, when driving to a levee or drawing- room. This hat Lord Heathfield wore quite square to the front, and so much pressed down over his eyebrows, that the edge rested on the bridge of his nose, which, by the bye, was v^ry high, and somewhat resembling that of the Duke of WeUington. Lord Heathfield in- sisted on having the hat worn according to the above rule by every military man under his command. One day, at Gibraltar, his Lordship met a private soldier with the cock of the hat, instead of pointing straight forward, directed rilmost perpendicularly into the air. The Generil very angrily thi^ew back hi3 own hat into a similar 30 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS position, and drawing himself up full in front of the soldier, exclaimed : " There, Sir ; look at me, Sir ; don't I look like a d — d blackguard ?" The soldier, who had been too well disci- plined to contradict a Commander-in-Chief, repHed, as he faced the General as upright as an arrow, his heels together, whilst his right hand showing the palm was placed across his forehead : " Yes, and please your Excellency, to be sure you do." The severity which the General's features had assumed instantly relaxed, and it was not without some effort that he suppressed a hearty laugh. He hastily dismissed the man, saying: " Well, if you see the ill effect it has upon me, you cannot fail to be assured it must very badly suit you." -' - OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 31 M CHAPTER II. Dr. Willis and George III.— Mrs. Burton, 21, Upper Brook Street — Mens. Tremble — La Chevali^re D'Eon — St. George and MoUard — Astley's circus — Wool- wich — The Artillery — Lieutenant Sutton — Lord Eardly — The Princesse de liamballe — Serjeant Bell and his inventions — The Royal George — At school at Dr. Egan's — Robberies on Blackheath — Paul Sandby — Major McLeod and Major Paterson. During one of Sir W. Fordyce*s visits at Turnham Green, he stated that neither Dr. Willis nor himself ever entered the presence of George III., during his Majesty's malady, without concealing their right hands under the left facing of their coats, in order to induce the King to suppose that they held some concealed weapon ; thus exciting in their patient's mind a 32 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS I. strong degree of curiosity, and perhaps some fear. During the summer of the year 1789, my mother, my sister, and myself were invited to pass a week with Mrs. Burton, at No. 21, Upper Brook Street, Grosvenor Square. Mrs. Burton was the widow of a general officer, having hut one daughter, an only child, and was in affluent circumstances. Her greatest satisfaction was to see her tahle daily sur- rounded by her friends, and acquaintances ; several of them, almost constant attendants, having received a general invitation. Amongst the latter, was a French gentleman, a Monsieur Tremble, who was not only a decided epicure, but also a gastronomist of the first order. His dress consisted of a pea-green coat, white satin waistcoat, black satin shorts, and white silk stockings, with a very broad laced frill to his shirt ; whilst his hair frizzed up a quarter of a yard high, with two rows of curls over his ears, leaving a space behind sufficiently wide to admit of a graceful queue — the whole abundantly powdered, as also his coat over the shoulders, and back, half way to the bottom of his waist. '"'^: OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 33 f I recollect to have seen Monsieur Tremble, a very thin mahogany-faced man, whose age must have been between sixty and seventy, and who was so privileged, that he would fre- quently stop the dishes of the course embracing the stews and ragouts, one by one as the servants were removing them, exclaiming with much warmth : " I have not yet taste any of does dishes. Pray, put dem down here, close to my plate, dat will derange nothing ;" thus sometimes gathering round his plate five or six dishes ; and Monsieur Tremble never failed to investi- gate their respective merits, commenting on them without reserve. It was here, and on this occasion, that I had the advantage of dining in company with the celebrated and far-famed Chevalifere D'Eon, on the 25th July, 1789. She — or perhaps he, for it has been seriously doubted which is the correct pronoun — was dressed in the female costume, composed of a black silk gown, made of a moderate height, above which, in front, rose a well puffed-up white muslin kerchief, covering a double bustle before, instead of one c 3 u ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS behind ; and on her head — to be consistent with the dress — she wore a high muslin cap, with the broad muslin frill hanging down to her shoulders, exactly resembling those at present worn by the country women in the northeni provinces of France. From the upper edge of her gown, on the left side, was suspended the small Cross of St. Louis, — * the constant com- panion of her person.' Her voice was gruff, and as strong as that of a grenadier ; her com- plexion decidedly brown: in short, she liad every appearance of a man in a woman's apparel. During the dinner she spoke but ]kUh; yet when the ladies retired, La Chevalifere reseated herself, and drawing up her chair to the table, said, as one released from much restraint : " Come,, now that the women are gone, we may enjo)' a little rational conversation." War, battles, sitj'ges and skirmishes, soon became her favourite topics: and I have a most perfect recollection of her saying, in reply to some one who had related the measures adopted for the purpose ^of bursting open the gates of a fortress: " Brair^viez-moi la deux pieces de quarante-huit ■i*!*«t..f* ." ,K;«W.-4W»ii«»*i«a4*-ii«i«fi<»«^ :.^J, I..-.. •><(■ OF COLONEL LAN :hW^ Ji a- M. ;e h k bout touchant, et f— tre, sauter les portes on trois cou identical words used op that occasion Madame la Chevalierc D'Eon. At this period La Ch^valifere mixed :q th« best society; but two or three yearf ■'after- wards she fell into disrepute, by exnibitrng herself on the public stage, to fence some time after this, dined at my father's fx^e, at Woolwich, and Monsieur MoUard, the fencing-master of the R'.,)y. I Military Academy, tog ^-r •^^ith a select party o? Artil- lery officers, w ivited to meet lum. During the afternoon St. George and ^I^llard were requested to gratii'y the company wi^j . carte- and-tierce in the gardc^n. I must here note that Mollard was a very coarse vulgar tellow, who, I believe, had received tlie whole of his education as a private soldier among the gens- darmerie at Paris. These heroes of the foil im- mediately complied with the general wishes of the company; and after the carte-and-tierce, a little trial of skill was proposed by Mollard, and 4 .1»t««p,--,>.>-^J 36 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS most readily accepted by St. George. The bowlings now sent forth by the belligerents strongly resembled the bellowings of wild beasts at feeding tiau; ; but which, 1 have reason to believe, was tlu; ordinary pra('tice with Fiench fencers. The vast superiority of St. George's abilities was evident : but Mollard, having several times dcined that the button of his antagonist's foil had touched him, the former called for a piece of chalk, and chalkiag the button of his foil, exclaimed : ** Now, Monsieur Mollard, you shall not have a chance of thus escaping." They fell to, again, neither of them in the pleasantest temper. At the first lunge by Mollard, St. George parried it, instantly spun completely round upon his left heel, and then pinked Mollard on the breast before he had been able to recover his guard. This wonderful feat drew forth loud and reiterated applauds from all the company: the chalked button had left a most unequivocal proof of St. George's superiority. The result was, as might have been anticipated : the fenc- ing-master regularly beaten, in the presence of .i r \' - ;*iiiter- :x^sM,,^^-^'^-^^'^'"rf7r;r»''"'^' - Z^^ OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 37 .i r / several of his pupils, became exceedingly angry and nolent, loudly proclaiming that it wsis an accident, and that St. George was in no degree his superior; to prove which, he immediately snapped off the button of his foil, calling furiously on his opponent to do the same. . " The show of blood," said he, " shall decide who is the best swordsman ; if you refuse, you are un f poUron.*' St. George, who had during some time pre- viously experienced considerable difficulty in suppressing his irritated feelings, immediately accepted the (challenge ; but of course all such hostile proceedings were stopped by the com- pany, although not without great resistanc^e from the disputants. Whilst on our visit at Mrs. Burton's she treated us to a visit to Astley's horsemanship. At the close of the performance, the old original Asile)' came forward, by no means a young man, mounted on the identical white horse wnich Lord Heathfield habitually rode at Gibraltar during the siege. His lordship brought him to England, and made a present of him to Mr. Astley. Amidst the cheers and acclamations ■xi^ni^pmmi ■i'-- -•(«*y *»»tll|i^/|W, 38 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS of the audience, this animal was exhibited with Astliry on his back, whilst close to his nose, and extending entirely across the amphitheatre, was a ran^e of fireworks, forming the words, " God save the King," in letters about four feet high. The population of Woolwich did not, before the war, which commenced in 1793, exceed five or six thousand ; and the whole of the regiment of Royal Artillery was composed of four battalions ; whilst the corps of Royal Engi- neers numbered only from seventy to seventy- five officers ; and these, as also the Royal Artilleiy, were scattered throughout Great Bri- tain and the colonies. Ireland, at that time,' had a distinct body of Ordnance troops. Of the inhabitants, although there were several very respectable, only three kept car- riages: these were Squire Martin and Squire Bowater, both opulent or at least independent farmers, and a Mr. Whitman, who built a house on the northern declivity of Shooter's HiU, long since then inhabited by General Cuppage; in front of that house is a piece of water, which, owing to its peculiar position on the side of .?;:f ■:<:/i- 't^ .'awii»i-- OP COLONEL LANDMANN. 39 the hill, appears out of level. None of the officers of Artillery or of the corps of Royal Engineers kept any carriages. There was at this period a second Litutenant of invalided Artillery of the name of Sutton, wh(» attracted a good deal of public attention. He had lost a leg during the American war ; the amputation had been unavoidably performed so high up the thigh, that none of the artificial substitutes were applicable. Sutton was a most jovial companion ; he sang a capital bachelor's song, drank freely, and told the best stories in the very best manner. Of course his society was sought by all the bons vivants. His fame had spread far and wide, and Lord Eardly, of Belvidcre, near Erith, never failed to invite him on every occasion when he had some good fellows to dine with him, and fully appreciated his fund of wit. Sutton's reputation did not long remain confined to Woolwich, Belvidere, &c. ; the Prince of Wales, at length, entertained a wish to hear Sutton sing some of his best and most piquant songs, and he, therefore, very soon found him- self seated at tlie royal table. The pecuniary resources of our friend were quickly reduced 40 ADVENTURES \ND RECOLLECTIONS r r to zero; but that csiused him little loss cf rest: at last he found himself an inmate of the Kin" f% Ik ■|'f"; f-: i ■. R: 44 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS the guns should be giv(^n to him as his reward. It was rejected ; and as many clever persons had declared that it would be impossible to ignite the gunpowder at so great a depth under water, Bell resolved on demonstrating practically that he was master of the subject, and that the objec- tion raised presented no difficulty in his mind. Accordingly he placed a charge of fifty-four pounds of gunpowder in a box, which he depo- sited in a condemned vessel, sunk expressly in the Thames, at some distance below Woolwich, near Gallions, over which the tide rose so as to cover the charge with a depth of eighteen feet of w^atcr. Tliese arrangements vvere all completed so as to allow of the experiment being made immediately after an examination of cadets, which took place on the 11th of July, 1789, at which were present the Duke of Richmond, Master- General of the Ordnance ; General Sir W. Green, the Chief Royal Engineer ; Colonels Morse and Dauban, of the Royal Engineers ; Major T. Blomefield, and Captain Fage, of the Royal Artillery ; Dr. Masculine, the Astronomer Royal ; and a vast concourse of officers of the Ordnance corps and others. The experiment ■"■"y 4 OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 45 i was att(2nded with ample success ; the vessel was blown to pieces, which immediately floated, Under the place where the mine had exploded, the ])ed of the river was noticed at low water to have been excavated to the depth of several feet ; and I may add, as a curious circumstance, that an immense quantity of fish was found killed, even to the distance of half a mile from the place where the vessel had been d(istroyed. The whole of the particidars of this interesting event have long since been published by my father, in his work upon mines. Notwithstanding the satisfactory result of this exhibition, Serjeant Bell's reiterated -i .sertions of his being sure of destroying, in the same way, the wreck of the " Royal George," which had, during about seven years prior to this time, incommoded the navigation of the outer harbour of Portsmouth, were disregarded, and the " Royal George" was suffered to remain undisturbed during another half century, when Major-General Pasley, of the Royal Engineers, accomplislied that highly important service. Soon after this. Bell exhibited a very simple and convenient method of passing a rope to a ship when grounded on rocks or sands at a short J i ] r.- 4(3 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS '- i ii' ?:;■ distance from the shore. For this purpose, he constructed a small portable mortar, in order that it might be easily carried along the coast, or on the beach, to the nearest pt)int to the vessel in distress, whence he fired a shot having a rope fastened to it. The shot being fired so as to pass over the vessel the rope fell upon her, where it could be immediately secured. Upon the same principle, Bell fired a carcass, to which several long chains with hooks were appended, in order to catch in the sails or rigging of an enemy's ship, so that as soon as it had fastened it would communicate its destructive fire. In the latter part of the same year (1789), my father took a house on Blackheath, and I was sent daily to the school of wb'ch the Rev. Dr. Egan was the master ; he was successor to his wife's father, Dr. Bakewell. The site of this school is close to the new church, at the corner of King Street, and is now con- verted into tea-gardens. During the two years that we sojourned at Blackheath, robberies on Shooter's Hill, along the Charlton Park wall, the Lower Woolwich Road, and on Blackheath, were exceedingly frequent ; they were sometimes Ij OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 47 perpetrated in broad daylight, and even in the midst of a large concourse of people. One Sunday afternoon, towards the close of a sultry summer's day, I was with the other members of my family promenading on Clies- terficld Walk, where a consideral)le assemblage of the well-dressed inhabitants of the vicinity usually met eveiy evening, after an early dinner, when our attention was suddenly claimed by a general rush of the company towards the south- ern extremity of the walk; and in an instant afterwards, every face was turned in the direc- tion of the Green Man Tavern, and every right hand was raised, pointing to a man on a horse at full speed, who was making the utmost haste on the road to London, all exclaiming : " There ht goes — there he goes — there — there — do you see him — there, that's he; — there, he's gone," as the gentleman, in a hurry, descended the hill leading to the lime-kilns. It is necessary here to explain that, at the south-west angle of the park, there stood a very good house, exactly within the wall, which had a terrace e'xtending into the angle, so much higher than the ground on the outside, that the .:#' { ri 1 .! 48 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS top' of the wall was at a convenient height for a person to sit upon it, whilst on the outside it was at least seven or eight feet high. On this memorable evening, the gentleman who rented the house, invited by the beautiful scenery and refreshing coolness of the evening had, without hat or stick, taken his book into the garden, and seated himself on the angle of the park- wall. Whilst in this position, actually in the midst of the promenaders, a gentleman mounted on a handsome horse, but little inferior to a hunter, rode up to him, and with the utmost familiarity addressing him by his name, said : " How are you, my dear fellow ? what a long time it is since you have given me a call ; come and dine with me to-morrow ; you will meet some good fellows." By this time, the horseman had closely ap- proached the gentleman on the wall, who, how- ever, did not answer his recognition. The former then drew forth a pistol, and pointing it at his head, declared in a subdued voice that, if he did not instantly hand out his watch, purse, &c., he should be under the very unpleasant necessity of scattering his brains amonget the \'f' OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 49 rose-bushes behind him. Frightened out of his presence of mind, the victim instantly han(ied over his valuables, and the thief declaring aloud that he was a " d — d good fellow," cantered off. In a few seconds, the gentleman recovered from his fright sufficiently to roar out to those nearest to him. " Stop thief — stop thief! he has robbed me." The consternation which this daring act created amongst the multitude that congre- gated to learn the meaning of these singular exclamations, had scarcely subsided, when a post-chaise, containing two gentlemen and one lady, with a man-servant on the bar in front, on their way to London, stopped on the high road just opposite to the celebrated south- western angle of the park, when they all at the same time hailed us, announcing that they had just been robbed near the Rising Sun, by four armed men on foot. It was but a short time after these impudent acts had been committed so successfullv, that the well-known Paul Sandby, who was Land- scape Drawing-Master to the Royal Military VOL. I. D 50 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS Academy, was returning to London in a post- chaise, after giving his usual lessons to the cadets of four hours, one Saturday morning, having his daughter with him : just on arriving at the south-eastern angle of Greenwich Park wall, the chaise was stopped by a single robber, at one o'clock in the day time, and both himself and daughter lost their watches and money. Miss Sandby was so much discomposed by the alarm she had suffered, that her father brought her to my father's house in Sot's Hole, now Conduit Vale, on Blackheath ; and on entering he declared his intention to spare no expense nor exertion in endeavouring to bring the villain to justice ; yet he was soon deterred from fol- lowing up that intention on being informed that if he mentioned the event, and the thief should be caught, he would, most probably, be compelled to prosecute, which might cost him £80 or £100, without any certainty of recover- ing the stolen property. Sandby agreed that the most prudent course would be to keep the robbery a secret. Major and Lady Emily Macleod, of the Royal Artillery, who resided upon Woolwich Common, ■J i: OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 51 were returning home in a post-chaise, probably from London, and were crossing the Common from Charlton Park, by the road along the deep ditch separating the barrack-field from the Common. The heat of the day had been very oppressive, and Lady Emily had felt some- what faint, which induced her Ladyship to have frequent recourse to a bottle of Cologne water. When within two or three hundred yards of home, a well-mounted highwayman commanded the driver to stop, or have his brains blown out — a hint very rarely disregarded. The robber presented his pistol in the usual way, and with extraordinary politeness claimed watches, trinkets, pocket-books and purses, under pain of immediate death in case of reftjsal. The muzzle of the pistol was thrust into the car- riage, almost touching Lady Emily Macleod's face, and had well-nigh caused her Ladyship to faint ; but the Major's nerves were of sterner stuff: he seized the Cologne water bottle, and ramming it into the highwayman's face, declared in a voice of thunder, that he would instantly shoot him if he did not take himself off. The highwayman fancying a pistol was at his head, D 2 -J u 53 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS turned his horse round, and spurred off in the dinHjtion of London. Although not a week passed over without some robbery, particularly on the lower road to Woolwich and in Hanging Wood, very few murders were committed. Blackheath, at this period, was a favourite place for reviewing both horse and foot regi- ments. On one of these occasions, Major Paterson of the Artillery, a very rough muscular man, was present at a review, as a spectator only, when he found it necessary to take off one of his boots ; and, for that purpose, rode up to a hedge bordering the eastern side of the heath, not more than one hundred yards distant from the throng surrounding the troops. He had no sooner released his foot from the boot than a well dressed man, also well mounted, accosted him with the outward demonstrations of an old acquaintance. In a moment, however, out came the pistol with the usual application for watch, money, &c. The thief, having secured his plunder, rode off at full gallop — perhaps no further than the opposite side of the reviewing ground, where, mixing with the spectators, he OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 53 was perfectly secure from detection. The Puy- master to the Royal Artillery, Mr. Adair, of Spring Gardens, London, was obliged to send to Woolwich every month the subsistence or pay for the Royal Artillery stationed at that place, which amounted to a sum of between two and three thousand pounds, under an escort of Artillery soldiers, consisting of a non-commis- sioned officer and six privates: three of the latt4M 70 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS i^ Amongst the numerous branches of education taught the cadets, in addition to the above, were chemistry, dancing, fencing, and drilling to the use of the musket, and the management of field-guns, &c. Thes'j, together with the other studies, pretty nearly filled up the whole of the day, from eight o'cU ck in the morning until the same hour in the evening, and was really more than my delicate state of health could endure. In consideration of that circumstance, 1 was permitted to employ the hours devoted to lectures on chemistry (after the first course) in walking exercise, and this was the more readily granted as I had attended two courses prior to my being a cadet. Whilst mentioning this subject, it may be as well to state here, that Lieutenant- Colonel Stehelin, of the Royal Artillery, was at this time the Lieutenant-Go\'ernor of the Roval Military Academy; Captain-Lieutenant Burslem, and Lieu- tenants Godfrey, Write and Spicer, were the milit[;r}'' officers ; whilst Captain Phipps, a retired officer of the corps of Royal Engineers, was the inspector of the studies. Dr. Crawford lectured on chemistrv, and Mr. Cruikshanks was \ OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 71 his assistant. The Doctor was most unas- suming, very kind, gentlemanly and reserved in his manners : he was tall, thin, very pale, exceedingly occupy; you cannot expect that I should be able to discharge a task so difficult, without incurring the certainty of failure." His guests seated themselves in no slight OP COLONEL LANDMANN. 79 tistonishnicnt as ho took the chah' at the head of tlie ta])le, upon wliich were the three dishes of apple dumplings, flanked by a dozen of pewter pint-pots, filled with malt licjuor, with knives, forks, and plates i>f various dim<'nsions, colours and ])alteriis. It would be quite impossible to follow our friend through all th(^ quaint and truly ridiculous observations he made on the want of appetit(> which every one manifested whom he was pressing to taste of the dumplings, the vast change which an active campaign would effect on such delicate palates, &c. ; all of which was most cleverly managed, so as to avoid any per- sonal offence. Finallv, in order to excite their curiosity, he assured them that he had made the apple dumplings himself, boiled them in his own night-caps, and that they were supe- rior in flavour to any other apple dumplings that had ever been eaten. Notwithstanding this invitii.g explanation, he received the general assurance that his guests never ate suppers ; some })egan to consult their watches, exchanging, at the same time, significant looks with those sitting on the opposite side of the table. The 80 ADVENTl'IlES AND RECOLLECTIONS Lieutenant turned quickU to one of the servants, and ordered iiiin to run witli all s|)eed to the mess-man, and endeavour to proeiu'e some eold meat, or anythinj^ else, pronouncing tlie latter sentenei' with great emphasis; and then looking towards t\w company, as he rul)hed iiis hands together hetween his knees, and shrugging up fiis shoulders, he exclaimed: " Je suis aii desespoir." On hearing thesi; instruetions, every voice was raised, entre;iting that the order might he rescinded, some even ahsolutelv forhid t\\^' man's ohedience to his master's commands ; hut it was too late: the tahle was in an instant cleared of its vulgar materials, and presently a train of ten to twenty servants entered in procession, when like magic, the tahlc; was covered with every delicacy of the season, together with champagne, hurgundy, sauterne, and the choicest wines. A most extraordinary alt(>ration took place in every countenance : the gentlemen who never ate suppers, proved that it was a custom from which they could deviate ; in short, the surprise every one ex]ierienc(d relax(;d the muscles of the severest disciplinarian, and all to a man joined in the most unrestrained hilaritv. ; I \ OP COLONEL LANDMANN. SI By \vhistling, for which he was rclclinitcd, singing unhcarcl-of songs, and telling the most cxtniordinary stories, Ford made hiiusrlt" so entertaining that evening, that afterwards he was invited evjTywhere ; indeed no party was thought complete unless Ik; was of the number. In the course of the following year, Ford removed from the Artillery to the corps of Royal f^nginecrs, and soon afterwards was attaclied to the army in Flanders, under his Royal Highness the Uuke of York. At the siege of Valen- ciennes, when the troops rushed forward to seize tlic covert-way. Ford went in with his horse, taking a tremendous leap from the crest of the glacis — i)robal)ly at some place where the pali- sading had hccn destroyed. Ford visited Aix-la-Chapelle, where, in the public gardens, there is a high mount. He caused his arrival to be announced to the pidjlic, and that on the following Sunday he should dress on the top of the s.'.id mount at that hour, when the promenade was most crowded. At the time appointed, a toilet-table was noticed on the elevatetl pinnacle, and in due time Ford came forth, having on a white waistcoat and shorts, E 3 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) h // {./ ^ /. .*it i<\% ^J^ . ^ ^V ^° ^y^ % ^ 1.0 I.I 1^ IM 1^ Ilia Hf 1^ 12.0 1^ ^ 1118 1.25 1.4 III 1.6 ^ 6" ► V] ^ n / y /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 A m^ 4 \ V \\ '"is 1^^ ^ \ ^ c> 1^ 82 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS white silk stockings and shoes, with brilliant hucklcs, and over all a rich silk dressing-gown. Having bowed in a most condescending man- ner to the gazing multitude, he seated himself at the toilet-table, when the barber com- m(?nced his performances; he then washed his foce, hands and teeth, put on a handsome laced cravat, and descended majestically. The company received him with cheers and congra- tulations, every one pressing round him to obtain a perfect view of such an extraordinary man. With the expedition under Sir Ralph Aber- crombie. Ford sailed for Egypt ; and the officers embarked v ith him in the transport, considered themselves particularly fortunate. He hailed a brig on a fine still morning : " Brig, a-hoy ?" " Ay, ay. Sir," the skipper replied. " Don't you see that ha-em-no-for-why-is-so- go-no-in-same-maintop ?" The master of the brig unable to make out this important communication, and finding no one in the vessel capable of assisting him, replied : " I can't hear what you say, Sir." OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 83 Ford, after a paiisf, repeated the information ; this being just as intelligible as before, the master of the brig turned to the man at the helm : " Port, there ; port your helm." " Port it is, Sir." " Now what is it you say, Sir?" When Ford, with the speaking-trumpet, retorted quickly and with great volubility, " Don't you see, how-now-so-hc-why-flam-wap- there-maintop." The skipper looked up to the maintop, observing: " What is it he says about iiie main- top r " I don't see nothing the matter there, Sir," was quickly replied. " Step up there, boy, and look about you !" The skipp(;r growing impatient : " Do you hear me, you young scamp ; what are you playing about with that rope's end ? Fll make it fit your back in a trice, you sculking fair-weather lubber." Up went the boy and hailed : " Upon deck, there ; I don't see nothing the 'miss, Sir." '* What is it you say ?" again inquired the , ■1 84 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS mastiT of the brig. (( I can't find nothing wrong in the main-top." Ttien turning to the man at the helm : '* Port there." " Port it is, Sir," was the reply. " Hard-a-port." " Hard-a-iiort it is, S ir. And as the brig sheered up very near to the transport, with Ford standing on the hen-coops, his speaking-trumpet all ready, the master of the brig, fearful of shooting a-head, ordered: '' Back the main-yard," by which the vessel was brought almost to a stand-still ; upon which our skipper, leaning over the side, again repeated : " What do you say, Sir ?" The vessels were now too close to each other to admit of any misunderstanding, when Ford replied : " What do I say ? Why — I say, that if you had another leg where your nose is, you'd make a d — d good washing-stool. Can you understand that?" " What is that you say, you d — d," &c., &c., exclaimed the enraged skipper, and out came a broadside of abuse. " Fill the main-yard — starboard your helm — up with it, do you heu? hard-a-starboard, do il I OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 85 you hfar ? D — n the fellow ! I only wish I may catch hhn some dark night cruizing about at the back of the Point at Portsmouth, or even at the l^arbican at Plymouth ! I'm d — d if 1 wouldn't serve him out. He should have more than he could eat," &c. Ford all this time was loudly hailing, and turning everything about the brig into ridicule. He compared her to a wash-tub, a dung-barge, a hog-trough ; and in like manner he treated the master and mate, the crew, the sails and rigging ; in short, they had never heard of such things. During the remainder of the voyage, the brig was never onc<' again within hail of Ford. General Twiss was the commanding engineer of the South or Sussex district, He was advanced in years, very gentlemanly, suffered much from rheumatism, and made periodical tours of inspection to enable him to report on the due progress of the works of fortification, constructing under the immediate direction of a number of officers of engineers stationed in the district, and principally along the coast of Sussex ; and also that they were being executed in strict I :l 86 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS conformity with the orders and plans approved of by the Master-General of the Ordnance. Tvviss was very fond of Ford, and always received from him every possible mark of atten- tion, invariably taking up his quarters at his house. On one occasion, the latter consi- dered that some rather extensive deviation from the plans that had been furnished from Pall- Mali would be a great Jmpnjvement. He ordered the alteration to be carried into effect with the utmost dispatch ; but to his con- sternation, the General arrived unexpectedly, when the completion of Ford's works still required several days of activity. Ford had never yet exhausted his fund of wit, and quickly ordered the weathercock on the flag-staff to be nailed pointing east. At the usual hour for breakfast the next morning, the General entered the room evidently much dejected, exclaiming, "There look," as he pointed to the vane, " there look — a due east wind ; you know, I believe, that I dare not venture to expose myself to that deadlv blast : it was at the same period last year, I think, that I was then held a I i OF COLON KL LANDMANN. 87 I le lo la prisoner Iw re during five; or six days, wiisn't it?" " True," replied Ford ; " 1 do recollect it was, now thiit you mention it; but we must endea- vour to make vou as comfortable as we cun." On the second, third, fourth and fifth days, the General sufFi-red from that lowness of spirits which an easterly wind never failed to occasion him. By working night and day, Ford com- pleted the alterations he had conmienccd prior to the arrival of the General ; on the morning of the sixth dav the vane |)ointed westerly. The General v*'as in high spirits, free from all the distressing feelings caused by the opposite wind, made -t good breakfast and sallied forth to inspect the works, repeating with nuich viva- city : "I am now quite a different creature." On viewing the alterations, which were by that time perfectly finished, and tlie r\ibbish cleared awav, the General observed : " Well this is, I must admit, a very capital improvement : but I don't know how I shall get over the want of an authority for its execution. You take great liberties. Muster Ford." The General's report thereon protected Ford from censure. :|^ 88 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS This very clover, very amusing and excollorit ()ffi(tcr, in diK! courses of tirn(3 was appointed to bo Lioutenant-Governor of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, whoro he died a Major- General, universally (jsteemod and sincerely regretted. H . ' i 1 1 OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 89 ^1 CHAPTER IV. Captain Grose — Historical note on the early esta- blisiliment of the regiment of Artillery — General Broom — The first panorama — Sliower of frogs — Examination of Dul)resney — Hutton, the mathe- matician. About this tirnr, I used occasionally to meet the celebrated Captain Grose. To amuse his friends, he often caricatured himself, commencing by drawing a perfect square ; then he sketched his own figure within it, touching the fci .ides, showing that he was exactly as wid(; as he was high : upon which he would observe that he considered his extraordinary dimensions as for- tunate, for he could have no more chance of falling down than an orang(\ Grose was a most amusing companion. H m M 90 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS Hiivino: said so much about Woolwich and the Royal Artillery, it may not he uuintcjr- esting here to insert the copy of a memo- randum 1 found among-st my father's ])ai)ers, regarding: the early history or construction of the Royal Artillery and company of Gentlemen Cadets ; which is a.s follows : " In Jun(; 1 753, the Royal Artillery was commanded by Colonel (Lieutenant-General Albert Borgard), Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Pattison, and Major Jonathan Lewis, with the following staff officers, viz., a chaplain, an adjutant, quarter-master, bridge-master, surgeon and mate. " The tirst who had a commission of Colonel of the Royal Artillery was Lieutenant-General Albert Borgard, dated 1st of November, 1727. The regiment was composed of four companies. The establishment of each company was one captain, one captain-lieutenant, one first lieu- tenant, one second lieutenant, three lieutenant's fire-workers, three Serjeants, three corporals, eight bombardiers, twenty gunners, sixty-four matrosses and two drummers, making a total of one hundred and seven for each company. — The pay of the officers w^as the same as at \ OF COLONEL LANUMANN. 1)1 present (1783); that of the lu'utcnimt's firc- workrrs thn^c .^hillings per duy, two shilhngs and threepence subsi.stenee and ninrjxiice arrears. The unit'orrr. dress of tlie officers was u plain l)lue eoat, lined with scarlet, a largo scarlet Argyle cuflP, do\il)le-l)reasted and with vellovv buttons to the bottom of the skhts; waistcoat and breeches — the waistcoat trimmed with a broad gold lace ; and a gold laced cocked hat. The serjeants' coats were trimmed, the lappels, cutis and pockets with a broad single gold lace ; the corporals and bombardiers with a nairovv single gold lace ; the gunners and matrosscs, plain blue coats ; all the non-commissioned officers and privates having scarlet half lappels, scarlet cuifs and slaslied sleeves, with five buttons on each, and blue waistcoats and breecticc : the Serjeants' hats were trimmed with a broad, and the non-commissioned officers and privates with a narrow, gold lace;. White spatterdashes were then wc'*n. " The regimental clothing was delivered to the non-commissioned officers and privates once a-year, excepting regimental coats, which they received only every alternate year, and the inter- 92 ADVENTURKS AND IlKC OLLECTIONS modiiito year a course blue surtout, which served for laboratory-works, l)arrack duties, fatigues, &c., and was delivered with the usuid small mountings. " The arms of the officers were fusees without bayonets, and wen; not required to be uniform. The Serjeants, C()r])orals and bombardiers, w^ere arm(!d with halberds and long brass-hilt«;d swords ; the gunners carried fi<'ld staffs about two feet longer than the halberds, with two linstock cocks, brandling out at the head and a spear ))ro- jecting between and beyond them : great atten- tion was paid in keeping them very bright : a but!' belt over thi; left shoulder, slinging a large powder-horn mounted with brass over the right pocket, and the same description of long brass- hilted S'.vord as worn by the non-commissioned officers. The matrosses hfid only common muskets, with bayonets and cartouch-boxes. " In 1743, the eight companies composing the regiment were thus distributed : one com- pany in Minorca, one at Gibraltar, one at the fishing coasts in Newfoundland, three with the army in Flanders, and two at Woolwich : thei two last furnished all detachments, which, at OF COLONEL LANDMANN. !)3 that tlino, wt'H' limiitci to Itomb-vcsscl servici' with th(.' tlrets iti tlir Mt ilitcrraiiran and Wrst Iii(ii«'s. " 1744. — In March, two companies were fielded to the regiment, which now consisted of ten (unnpanies, and were stationed as follows: In Minorca, Gihraltar and Newt'oundland, one company at each ; one company was sent to Flanders in addition to the three already there, and three remained at Woolwich. — In June, his Royal 1 lighn«!ss William, Duke of Cumberland, went to Woolwich to witness some experiments and ;i proof of cannon, when the three com- panies of Royal Artillery were drawn up under arms to receive his Royal Highness, and twenty gentlemen cadets were formed in rank entire on the right, without amis, uniforms, or ofKcer at their head. The officers did not tiien practise saluting with the fusee, and only saluted with their hats as the Duke passed. " The following event deserves to he recorded. The King of Sardinia, at that time; in alliance with Great Britain, being threatened with an invasion by the combined armies of France and Spain, a])plied to Admiral Mathews, command- *,*.•.,»,,»., '.'■•-^iA'^* '.-'?^!iKT'^"-;,fi/ .4-wtj , i ,J ! ^ '. 1, i! • 1 I 1 ,<-• 94 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS ing the fleet in the Mediterranean, solicitino; his aid; the detachment of the Royal Artillery, serving on hoard of four bomb-ketches in his fleet, were sent on shore to take charge of the most import:int ports and batteries on his fron- tiers ; the King, it is presumed, regarding them as more trustwoithy than his own troops. This detachment consisted of one captain, four lieutenants and twenty-four bombardiers, per- formed ill that was required of them with |)erfect satisfaction. They were made ])risoners in the defence of Montalban and Montleuze, two strong posts, which were captured by the French and Spaniards by assault in April. " 1745. — In January, a company of gentle- men cadets was first established and added to the regiment ; the cadets mentioned above were two cadet gunners, and two cadet matrosses, up to that time mustered in each company ; the former j-eeeived one shilling and fourpence, and the latter one shilling per diem, paid them monthly by the captain in whose companies they were mustered. A few of these young gentk?- men, who were generally the sons of officers residing at Woohich, and attended the Royal M 5*- OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 95 Academy when they pleased, wen; under no command, won no uniform, and were generally so young that few of them were fit to be pre- ferred to commissions ; so little were these young gentlemen under any kind of constraint, that it was the business of the officer on duty at the Warren-guard, who occasi()nally visited the Aca- demy, to use his best endeavours to preserve good order. " The Royal Academy was founded in 1741, by the Duke of Montague, then Master- General of the Ordnance. " The distribution of the three companies of Artillery, remained as last year : at Gibraltar, Minorca and Newfoundland. Three companies remained at Woolwich till August, when, upon the capture of Cape Breton, one of these was sent to garrison Louisbcurg ; and in the month of October, the four companies in Flanders wen; ordered home, in consequence of the rebelhon in Scotland, and were employed in North and South Britain, with the several corps of troops which were assembled on that occasion A de- tachment of three officers and fifty men was sent from Woolwich in August, with a battalion If- U II ! i t M ' if I I h I ' 96 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS of guards and th(.' 15 th regiment, to strengthen the garrison of Osttmd, then besieged by Count Leivendahl, which held out about fourteen days. — 8th of December, two companies, with a train of artillery, commanded by Colonel Lewis, marched from Woolwich to Finchley Common, where a corps of troops was to have assembled, under the immediate orders of the King, had the rebels advanced to London, as was then apprehended : but they retired northward from Derby, and these two companies and the train of artillery returned on the 11 th to Wool- wich. " 1746. — The four companies at Gibraltar, Minorca, Newfoundland and Louisbourg, re- mained as last year ; one company was stationed in Scotland, and five companies remained at Woolwich till aft(?r the suppression of the rebel- lion in April, by the victory of Culloden, when two of these companies were sent home with seven battalions to join the allied army in Brabant ; and one company embarked in May with six battalions, commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel Sinclair on an expedition to the coast of France, where a fruitless attempt was made OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 97 bel- on Port rOricnt : this expedition was origin- ally intended against Quebec. Two companies remained then at Woolwich. The one detached on the expedition to the coast of France, commanded by Captain Chambers, by express orders of the Master-General, was put under the command of Mr. Armstrong, the chief engineer on that service, who had not at that time, nor ever hae! before or since, any nmk or commission in the army, for the corps of Enjr'niers had no militarv rank or title till the year 1757. " 1747. — Earlv ii this year three companies were added to the artillery, now augmented to thirteen companies. " 1749.— 6th of Juls'. On the death of the late Master-General, the Duke of Montague, the King signed a commission constituting and appointing General Sir John Ligonier, then Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance, to be Colonel en second of the Royal Artillery, and Captain of the company of gentlemen cadets." I regret that my father's notes on this subject go no further. It is remarkable that the Royal Military VOL. I. F 98 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS H I i ;1 I : i: Academy at Woolwich was founded in 1741, on the day of my father's hirth, (Isaac Land- mann), who afterwards filled the chair of Pro- fessor of Fortification and Artillery in that institution, during the long period of forty-five years ; and it is also curious, that on the day on which, had my father lived so long, he would have completed his hundredth year, I, his son, laid the first stone of the South widen- ing of the London and Greenwich Railway, in 1841. In those days there were vehicles called long coaches, just resemhling the omnibuses of modern times, but with this difference — they had ten wheels, and were thence called santepees, that is, centipedes. I must not forget to notice General Broom, a reserved and distant man, who mixed but Httle with the society of the inhabitants of the Warren. Broom w^as the Commandant ; and I remember well, on one occasion in 1795, w^hen, on his returning into the Warren, he received the honours due to a Lieutenant-General by the guard at the gate; they turned out, presented arms, and the drummer beat two ruffles ; little Broom OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 99 ran up in great displeasure to the drummer, and upbraiding him for his inefficiency in the art of drumming, snatched the drum away, passed the suspending belt over his own neck, and began to rattle away in a very superior style ; finishing with the two ruffles, he exclaimed : " There, you young dog, that's the way T used to beat the drum when I was a drummer." It is almost needless to add that Licutenant- General Broom, then eighty-four years of age, had commenced his mihtary career as a drummer, and was proud of it. During the spring of the year 1793, the first panorama exhibited in this country, was painted by Barker in Leicester Square. The subject was a faithful representation of the grand fleet, under Lord Howe, lying at anchor in two parallel lines at Spithead ; and the whole was very beautifully executed. The details were well considered, and the drawing very good, and all moving oljjects were most properly and carefully excluded, with the exception of a boat with two men rowing in it. No exhibition of any descrip- tion had previously attracted a greater concourse of people, and 1 have never been better pleased F 2 I (' ■ 00 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS I I I i { t with anything of the kind ; and a stronger cer- tificate of the excellence of the painting cannot be desired than the following : An officer of the Royal Navy having been attract ^'d to view this panorama, paid his shilling and ascended, taking with him his Newfoundland dog, Caesar. On reaching the platform whence the whole pic- ture was viewed, he was so much delighted with the fidelity of the representation, that he called Caesar to " hey-in," upon which the dog, being completely deceived, without hesitation bounded over the railing, as he thought, into the sea. This is a well-authenticated fact. I do not remember the exact date, but it must have been about the year 1792 or 1793, that I was taking a walk with my father from the Warren towards the Artillery barracks, when we followed Love Lane, which I believe is now closed up, and built over, but then extended from opposite the public-house called " the For- tune of War," in a direct line to the back of the Horse Artillery riding school, or more properly to the westward of it. On arriving at the top of Love Lane, which there entered a large field, now entirely covered with houses, my father OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 101 observing a few drops of rain falling from an t'xcecdingly black cloud which had gathered in a very sudden manner over our heads, opened a green cotton umbrella. In a few seconds the pelting was remarkably heavy, so much so, that both of us were much surprised, and we thought that some very large hail-stones must have fallen on the umbrella. We were not long left in suspense as to the real cause, for on looking about us to find some of the hail-stones, we were struck with the utmost astonishment on dis- covering that the surface of the ground in every direction was swarming with small frogs, from the sizo of a four-penny piece to that of a shilling. My admission to be a cadet in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, has already been noticed — the head of the first room to which I was appointed was the present Lieutenant- General Eveleigh ; and I soon afterwards became the newks or youngest in a room of which the name of the head, or senior cadet was Desbrisay. He was tall, stout, had a black beard, and in short was a man in every respect. Desbrisay, moreover, was an Irishman, a sterling, right good i '! 102 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS fell()W, possessing a great deal of that cknxT off-liand wit for which his countrvmen are so justly celebrated. Notwithstanding this talent, Desbrisay had not been able to retain a know- ledge of the demonstrations contained in Simp- son's " Euclid ;" he read them and studied them over and over again, learnt each proposition perfectly, and could repeat it without one mis- take, even after the lapse of an hour ; but then his memory failed him so totally that, his labour in learning, and ours in endeavouring to cram him, were of no avail. Desbrisay's turn to be finally examined for a commission at length was at hand, when about a dozen of those cadets, who had completed the course of studies, were directed to prepare themselves to appear for examination before the Master-General of the Ordnance, the Duke of Richmond ; Dr. Masculyne, the astronomer royal ; Sir William Green, the chief royal engineer ; General Daubant, of the Royal Engineers; Lieutenant- Colonel Thomas Blomefield and Captain Page, of the Royal Artillery, and a few more, whose names I do not remember. These examina- tions were, at that period, conducted with much , OP COLONEL LANDMANN. 103 pomp and ceremony ; they were held in the upper academy, fitted up with seats forming an amphitheatre, and were open to all well-dressed persons. As time advanced, Desl)risay passed day and night with his nose hanging over his Euclid, without however making the slightest progress excepting in regard to the forty- seventh proposition of the first book, of which he was perfectly master. At length, the 12th September, 1793, was ap- pointed for the examination day. By nine o'clock the examiners, the great Duke of Richmond at their head, had taken their seats on one side of a long table covered with a green cloth, and the young gentlemen to be examined were ranged standing on the other side facing them. The Lieutenant-Governor, the Ins})ector, and the tw^o Professors — Landmann of fortification and artillery, and Hutton of mathematics — were seated in a line behind the examiners, ready to afford any information that might be required. The remainder of the cadets occupied an elevated gallery, a part of which was immediately over the table at which the examiners were seated, and, consequently, they could hear and see II '■ i U 104 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS distinctly all that was goinp: on. Tlio oxami- nation proceeded in a satisfactory manner up to Euclid ; and when it came to Desbrisay's turr» to demonstrate a proposition, every heart amongst us in the gallery, began to beat heavily, and our breathing was seriously affected ; our ears and eyes were strained to their utmost in painful sympathy and anxiety at the almost certainty of the ruin of poor Desbrisay which seemed to threaten him. Dr. Masculyne now opened the awful Euclid in the usual manner, quite at random, jind, presenting the same across the table t(» Desbrisay, with his never-failing kindness and urbanity, said : " Will you do me the favour, Sir, to demonstrate that proposition ?" which, as every one in the gallery had expected, was not the forty-seventh of the first book. Des- brisay's manly appearance, which contrasted strongly when compared with the other youth- ful candidates, had attracted the Duke of Rich- mond's notice, and now caused bim to turn round on his chair and inquire of Stehelin, the Lieutenant-Governor, the name of the gentleman with the black beard. Even at this last moment. OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 105 1 Dcsbrisay rctainetl his presence of mind and fullest composure, and seizing the happy oppor- tunity, which the Duke had given him by turning liis hack to consult Stchelin, he, with the utmost impudence, leant over the table to the Doctor, and, returning him the book, said in an under-tone: '* Prav excuse me, Doctor; anv other proposition, if you will do me that favour." Dr. Masculyne was obliging, and, receiving the book, closed it and allowing it to fall open without control, presented the forty-seventh of the tirst book. Our friend Desbrisay now boldly step]3ed up to the black board, and acquitted himself so well, that the Duke of Richmond complimented him on his perfect knowledge of Euclid, and desiring the Doctor to pass on to the next gentleman, adding : " I am quite satisfied that Mr. Dcsbrisay is fully qualified in that branch. 1 shall be w^ell pleased if every gentleman before us should prove himself to be equally so." It is well to explain, that the book above named was the' property of Desbrisay, which may account for its readiness to open at that particular pro- position. Whilst on this subject, it reminds me that on F 3 I 106 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS my ))einp: oxaminnd by Dr. Mutton, in order to be admitted into the upper academy, one of the tirst questions he vvrot»^ upon my slate, was : " If a herrinp: and a half cost t' ree-halfpence, how many would you get for threepence ?" T was, as usual with cadets under examination, standing at tlu^ Doctor's desk and immediately facing him. I received the slate with the puzzling question upon it,'' when I very quickly understood it, and it caused me to smile. Hutton was stooping down his head, as one occupied in writing, but in fact was watching my countenance, looking (jver his spectacles and through his bushy eyebrows ; for the next moment he said, as he in vain tried to smile ; for it was no easy matter for him at any time to look pleased : " I see you are up to it, boy. Give me the slate." That mode of addressing the gentlemen cadets by the epithet, Boy, together with his invariable roughness of manner, drew upon him the sobriquet of Old Crump; and my father, the Professor of fortifications and artillery, was usually designated as Old Snout, in consequence of the extra dimensions of his nose : thus, every OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 107 one of tlir nfficprs and masters, and also the cadets, and even thr scrvuHls, wrrc distin- guished by souiv nick ivdtiw, founded on any peculiarity of jx'rson or rnaiiners. On another occasion, after I was admitted to the upper academy, on my havinjij acquitted myself decently in dcnionstniting a proposition in the tifth book of Euclid, Tlutton said ; " Very well, boy : do vou understand it ?" to vvliich I of course replied that I did; but Ilutton, with his biiss tone of vf)ice, grumbled out ; *' That's more than 1 do, boy," adding, he had never been able to understand the tifth book perfectly, and I soon afterwards discovered that I did not myself understand that book. I have mentioned these trifles, merely as being connected with the history, and more particularly as marking the manners, of a eele- brat(;d author, and first-rate mathematician. And 1 feel some pride in having been requested by the Doctor to assist him in reading and correcting the sheets of his tables of logarithms whilst tliey were printing. U i 108 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS CHAl^^ER V. Frazer saves a man from drowning in the Thames — Horse brigade formed — I am examined for a com- mission and pass — Ferry across the Thames at Gravesend by a rope — Departure for Plymouth — The British Houlans at Plymouth — Colonel Davies and his blind son — First Fuschia — I dine as com- manding engineer with Lord G. Lennox — ' Dutton * East Indiamau — Captain Pellew — Captain Campbell, his story of the j^oats — Visit the Mew Stone — Captain PhiUip. II. N. — Smuggling women — Sailors and prize-money — The ' Amphion' blown up. It must have b«ien about tlie year 1 794, that 1 was on the water-side of the Thames, at a place then called Prince Rupert's Walk — now occupied by a considerable range of ware or store- houses — when a number of cadets were bathing in the river, some of them swimming out and round the old ' Stanislaus,' convii^t hulk. Sud- X :S OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 109 fk'iily a cry of a man drowning, was heard to proceed from the hulk ; upon which Mr. Frazer, a cadet, since then Sir Augustus Frazer, dashed into the water, whence he had but an instant withdrawn, and saved the drowning person, — I believe, but am not sure, a brother cadet. At the commencement of the year 1795, the British army, under the Duke of York, had been compelled to retire from .he continent, and the war with France had assumed a more serious aspect : the revolutionists, who at first had been worsted on all sides, had now learnt how to conquer their enemies ; it was, therefore, resolved to increase our forces, and to act upon a more extended scale. For this purpose, to the foot artillery, the horse brigade had already been formed to the extent of about four troops, and now an additional battalion of foot artillery was ordered to be raised. The officers recjuired by these augmentations were furnished by the Royal Military Academy ; but that establish- ment was totally inadequate to supply such increased demands of fully educated men. The case, however, was urgent, and it was thought that gentlemen partly instructed were more i.: i, P V ) t i no ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS desei-ving commissions than others who had not received any portion of the required infor- mation ; so that an order was received by the Lieutenant-Governor to supply thirty-five cadets, to be immediately promoted to the rank of officers in the Royal Artillery, and their com- missions were dated on the 6th of March, 1795. I was at this time at the head of the upper academy, first in every branch of the studies ; but as I had been destined to enter the coi-ps of Royal Engineers 1 was left at the academy, to pursue the course of instruction, for there was not one vacancy in that corps. One hav- ing soon afterwards occurred, I was examined alone with much parade — although not publicly, the Master-General, the Marquis Cornwallis, was present, as also some of the usual exa- miners. Having acquitted myself satisfactorily, I received a commission as a second Lieu- tenant in the corps of Royal Engineers, which was dated on the 1st of May, 1795, without passing through the Royal Artillery, as was at that time the custom, in order that those officers might learn the artillery duties. I was, OF COLONEL LANDMANN. Ill nevertheless, ordered to do duty with the Artil- lery during some months, for the purpose of acquiring a knowledge of the duties of that service. During this period, a camp had been formed on Warley Common, Essex, to which some artillery was ordered to proceed, and amongst these was a troop of horse artillery, (com- manded by Captain (the late Lord) Bloomfield. As it had been thought that by stretching a rope across the Thames, at Gravesend, the ferry at that place would be rendered more convenient and the transit more expeditious, this troop of horse artillery was ordered to proceed to Gravesend, and in this way to cross the Thames. My father and myself proceeded to Gravesend on the 21st of June 1795, and on the following morning we crossed the river in the same barge with Captain Bloom- field. The rope was made to pass over the bows of the barge on a friction-roller, and having a spring, or a rope, extending from the stern of the barge to the grand rope, where it was con- nected bv a snatch-block : bv which means the exact position of the barge in regard of the 112 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS dii'ection of the tide could be regulated. By this spring, as the sailors term it, the boat was placed, and there firmlj' held, in a slight degree across the tide, which acting on the same principle as on the flying bridges, the barge was propelled towards the opposite shore. The operation occupied about fifty-four minutes. This was a failure in point of time, which, together with many other difficulties and inconveniences attending this new mode of fencing troops from Gravesend to Tilbury, caused it to be abandoned. The passing of the shipping up and down the river was in no way obstructed, for the rope lay on the bottom of the river, and as they passed on, it fell again immediately. Towards the close of this year I was ap- pointed to serve at Plymouth Dock, now Devon- port, in the western district. I lost no time in making aU the necessary preparations for this departure from home ; and fifteen days before I was appointed to be at my post, I forwarded all my baggage, excepting one portmanteau, to Russel's waggon-office, in Friday street. Cheap- side, from fifteen to sixteen days being the .^■ • I OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 113 usual time required' for those ponderous wag- gons, drawn by eight very powerful horses, to perform the enormcjus distance of about two hundred and twelve miles. I proceeded to Plymouth Dock and placed myself under the orders of Colonel Mercer, the commanding Royal Engineer of the district, and there had the pleasure of meeting my former brother cadets, Lieutenants Henry Anderson, Glasgow and Ilolberton of the Royal Engineers, who were stationed there. At the same time, Coloni 1 Davies, Major Laye, Captains Rogers and Unite, Lieutenants Tullock, Milbank, Crawford, Hugh Frazer, Brownrig, and perhaps some others, were the ofRcers of the Royal Artillery. The remainder of the garrison was composed of militia — the North Hants, and South and East Devon. I was immediately proposed and .tdmitted a member of the joint Artillery and Engineer mess ; and very shortly after this the troops we had sent to Quiberon Bay returned to England. Amongst these was a regiment called the British Houlans, composed, I believe, entirely of French emigrant ofRcers. During their short a 114 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS stay at Plymouth, many of them dined very frequently with our mess, and one, whose name was De I'Estour, an exceedingly hand- some man, astonished us all by his display of the sword exercise, as practised by the Bri- tish Houlans, leaving us perfectly convinced that nothing could surpass it in point of defence, botli of the man and of his horse. The way he managed his sword was by what he termed the moulinet, that is, by cutting right and left, in rapid succession, forming a figure of eight, just in front of his horse's nose, which of course required that he should rise in the stirrups and lean forward. This exhibition of De I'Estour's abilities, made a deep impression on most of us, and we forth- with commenced practising the moulinet ; but having impmdently made our first essays with real swords, instead of single sticks, several of the party gave themselves some ugly cuts about the legs, which very soon put a stop to any further endeavours to excel in the moulinet. I was much delighted in meeting again my early friend, Mr. George Davies, who had lost his sight by the small-pox, when about four I I OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 115 years of age. He was educated at Dr. Burney's well-known school at Greenwich ; and became a good mathematician and geometrician, was master of Euclid, played remarkably well on the piano, and was in other respects very clever. His tact in recognising any person with whom he had been acquainted, after a long absence, was wonderful — frequently without hearing the sound of his voice, but merely by passing his hand over the shoulders and hands of the incog- nito. Another very extraorrlinary (nrcumstanee indicative of acute memory he dis])layed on various occasions, was that when we walked to- gether in the vicinity of Plymouth, he directed my steps over tields and ditches in order to bring me to some interesting spot, where the scenery was remarkable or particularly interest- ing, and in which he appean^d to be as well pleased as any one in possession of his sight. C(jlonel Davies, his father, was a celebrated naturalist, and had formed a spkmdid collection of stutted birds, butterflies and reptiles, together with fossils, organic remains and minerals ; his drawings of fislies and rare flowers were ex- quisite. On one fine morning, when I called '■ 116 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS at his quarters, I met the Colonel just sallying forth NMth his drawing apparatus. Calling me to join him, we hastened out by Stoke Gate, walked on about three miles to Manedon, the seat of Mr. Hall, to whom Davies introduced me, and without loss of time proceeded to the green-house, when; the Colonel pointed out a small fuschia in full bloom, of which he made a beautiful drawing on veUum. It was the first of these now favourite flowers Ijrought into England. It was about this period, that Colonel Mercer, being absent visiting the works of fortification, executing at Berry-head near Brixham, Torbay, and Lieutenant Anderson having been sent to Pendennis Castle, near Falmouth, I was left senior officer of Engineers at Plymouth Dock. At this period, General Lord George Lennox was the Governor, and gave one of the official dinners, at which the general and staff officers, together with the heads of departments, were invited ; it thus fell to my lot to dine at Govern- ment House, as commanding royal engineer of the district, although I was then under sixteen years of age. I was, nevertheless, seated on his OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 117 Lordship's K'ft, whilst Colonel Diuios, command- ing the Royal Artillery, was placed on his right. The names of some of the other ofticers at table were Lieutenant-General Greenfield, Major- General Coats, Major Losae, Deputy Adjutant- General, Captains Campbell, Sabine and Tees- dale, aides-de-camp ; Colonel Bustard, Sir Wil- liam Lemon, and other officers eommandinir militia regiments were of the party ; but there were no ladies excepting Lady Louisa Lennox and Miss Lennox. My extr(!me youth, as head of a department, amidst so many grey heads, caused a gotxl deal of good-natured merriment, and I exerted my best efforts to bear without visible vanity the high position in which accident had so suddenly placed me. In January, 1796, during a severe gale of wind from the south-west, the ' Button,' East Indiaman, or transport full of troops, was wrecked under the citadel. I hastened to the spot, and a more awful sight I had never before witnessed. The sea was dashing up the pre- cipitous rocks to the height of fifty feet at least, and falling back, made a complete breach over I ■■ ' ' ■ i \ f ! * 118 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS the devoted ship, driving it with fearful violence to Ji great elevation against the roeks, and then leaving it to fall hack hy its own gravity, into the ahyss helow, grating down with frightful groans, and tearing away her side planking. On my arrival, I found an immense concourse of people looking on, hut no one doing anything useful. Here I soon (;ame in contact with Captain Edward Pellew (Lord Exmouth), of the Royal Navy, who asked me to follow him on ho^.rd the wreck, hy a rope which had heen passed to the ship, and assist him in maintaining discipline and proper suhordination on board. I followed without hesitation, and during this perilous voyage, 1 was, as was also the Captain, dipped at least u dozen times deep into the sea. I remained on the wreck until all the people, men, women and children, were safely landed ; then returned with a child of four or five vears of ajre, tied on my breast. Captain Pellew w^as created a Baronet for this service, and I was confined to my bed during the following six weeks, attended by Dr. May, the Ordnance surgeon; for on returning to the shore, I received several severe OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 119 I bruises : the ship by this time going to pieces. Captain Campbell, the Governor of the citadel, a very aged man with a wooden leg, was so much pleased with my condnet, that he had mv. eonvi'yed to his residence and carefully attended to. After my recovery, 1 was fre- quently invited to dine with him. Ho was an old .soldier, and told old .stories of form truly astonishing to obsorvo the success with vvhi( h this blind younj^ man, acconi))lishc(l a lariflii.g from a boat, hcavinj^ up iind doun by a c(»ijsi(i('rablc swell, against the face of a rock, the first ten to tiftct^n feet of which was almost perpendicular, and the intrepidity with which he tinally scrambled quite to the top ; but, above all, it is difficult to comprehend what gratification he could experience in hearing the exclamations of delight which burst forth from each individual as he reached the pinnacle of this huge rock, wh(!nce the prospect is magnificent. In the' course of the same summer mv father paid me a short visit, and hero had the unspeak- able pleasiu'c of meeting his oldest and most intimate friend, Captain Phillip of the Royal Navy. At this time Captain Phillip had been the first Governor of New South Wales, and during a short time before his dcpurture I was a midshipman of his ship. Piiillip pressed my father very much to entrust me to his care during his meditated voyage to Botany Bay, assuring him that I should never do any duty nor should he trust me out of his sight ; but I VOL. I. G i! li i 122 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS was too young, and neither father nor mother could he induced to part with me. Here, at Plymouth, Phillip commanded the * Swiftsure' of seventy-four guns, lying in Cau- stmd Bay ; and lie invited my father and myself to go on l)oar(l, taking with us Mrs. Phillip, a lady he had recently married. On arriving at Mutton Cove, where the hoat was waiting to carry us off, the wind was so strong from south- west, directly contrary, that no boat could have performed the voyage : we, therefore, pulled away to a very small king's lugger, I believe called the ' Bull- Dog,' held always in readiness to communicate with ships of war in Causand Bay ; for there was no breakwater in those davs. We were under sail in a few minutes. It took us some time to beat out so as to clear St. Nicolas' Island, during which time the spray was continually flying over our masts. On entering the open Sound, our progress was exceedingly slow, for, although we were running perhaps six knots per hour, yet we gained but little to windward ; the sails were all close-reefed, yet the lee gunwale was ever under water. I had never before been at sea, and, although the rgg'»iV;-'''iij-.:-.iTM.j^.LiiV.m. •:**■■, 1 ■:-'--\:'-:,^' /A"- '\:' i: ... l^..^ n OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 1^5 cer of th er •s id person, or eightcenpence fur the whole, were continually not only tillod with sailors, but covered by them, all anxious to expend liiKge sums of money, which had just l)ecn paid them in guineas, and which they were frequently seen carrying about the streets in their hats under their arms. A sailor in ihose days had no idea of saving up anything for the future. His only thought was to get rid of his money, and to such an extent was this desire for squandering it carried, that I recollect being on board the ' Swiftsure' with Captain Philllip, when a sailor carrying a pewter pint pot in his hand nearly full of guineas, came? to his ciptain on deck, and begged very earnestly to be allowed to go on shore for the remainder of the day, in- order to expvnd his prize-money. Phillip knew the man, and stiffly refused his petition ; the man soon redu(;ed his demand to " one hour on shore if you please, dear captain, and I promise you most sincerely to have then spent the last guinea." " No," replied Phillip, " I know you will not return but when brought off by force;" and quickly turned away towards the cabin. 126 ADVENTUKES AND RECOLLECTIONS The sailor again hat in hand, followed his commanding otficer, begging for leave to go in the boat about to push olT to the shore, and assuring the captain he would remain within sight of the officer in charge of the boat ; still he was denied. "Then," exclaimed the tar, as he uttered a deep groan, " what's the use of money if a man can't get leave to spend it ?" and at the same moment he dashed the pot and guineas overboard, and hastened away to the forecastle, without uttering another word. On witnessing this piece of folly, Phillip related to me that some time before this event, having refused to permit one of the seamen to go on shore for the same purpose, the disap- pointment was so severely felt by the tar, that he immediately stabbed himself with a shai'p- pointed knife in the right breast. The surgeon attended instantly, and after an anxious investi- gation, looked serious, but expressed no opinion. The sailor, mistaking his conduct as an indica- tion of his entertaining some doubt as to the depth to which the weapon had gone, gruffly observed : *:i' iiL.":c(tPrvii"j5i(.»'M'.;i;'?i..v.;,i^ih;n:. t::i(^v?jvM WtjK.v.hiiiiMMla. ;fflrgB . '' W (iiii iM iyi iy itft-t»rg OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 127 " There, now, if you want to know liow deep it hns ^ono, I'll soon show you," upon which he (hew in his breath, and then closing his mouth and nostrils, forced the wind to pass out by the wound, which spirted the blood over the surgeon's face ; then laughing ferociously, he exclaimed: "Take that, Master Spliee-boncs." One morning, 1 was witli many others stand- ing at the door of Mr. Hoxland's library, printing-otlice and gossiping shop, in Fore Street, the usual rendezvous of the navy and army, where all the real nnd false news of the day was circulated, when our attention was drawn to the assembling of three post-chaises with four horses to each, at the door of The King's Arms' Hotel. They were immediately driven off. On our inquiiing what great per- sonage had landed without the customary salutes, we were informed that all this display was by a common sailor, who had just received prize-money to the amount of £500. Having been allowed one week to get rid of it, his ingenuity had devised the most noble way of doing so, by hiring one chaise and four for liimsclf, another for his hat, and a third for his I ■■ If ■H ( ? i 128 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS cudgel. He intended to go to London and back to Plvniouth in that style, which, together with some £200 for road expenses, &c., would, he hoped, nearly consume the whole of his prize- monev. On my landing at Mutton Cove, one day, on returning from Mount Edgecomb, in a boat rowed by two of the women, who always plied the ferry at that place, I obser\'ed a group of sailors, women, and J(?ws, anxiously watching some proceedings going on within a ring they formed. 1 was attracted to the spot, and soon perceived two sailors sitting on the ground, each of them holding a shoe by the toe and with the heels hammering a watch to pieces, whilst there were several otiier v^'atches lying by their sides, seemingly waiting their turn to undergo the same operation. I was quickly informed by some of the lookers on, that the two watch- pounders were " Poor fellows whose hard-hearted captains not allowing them one hour's liberty on shore to spend the prize-money they had that day received, amounting to more than £70 each, had obliged them to remain on the water-side in sight of the middy in charge of ( # ES^Xii ':^mMim^ iT},iI-.-'i..':i6 amMMWKfca mi i w"" ' OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 129 the boat." To all the women lookinjr on thev had behaved with great liberality by dividing amongst them a considerable share of the monev, and I was further informed that they were now endeavouring to get rid of the remain- der by lireaking watches. " But tell me," said I, " how and by what rule are they going on ?" " Why," said a large, heavy-looking woman, with short petticoats and bloated face, *' 1 don't suppose it of any use to tell you nothing about it. The way on it is, they buys a dozen of them th(!re watches for £5 a-piece from that tall half-starved looking Jew, as you set!S tother side; but they isn't worth £1 a-piece, God bless you, and then they goes to work and tries which can beat to crumbs his half first for a glass of grog all round." Amongst the numerous captains of the navy, whom I recollect to have seen here strutting down on the left-hand side of Fore Street, in going towards the Dock-yard gates, and with all of whom I was more or less acquainted, were Captains Minchin, Urquhart, King, Nagle, Bris- bane, Sir Edward Pellevv, Izrael Pellew, Durham, G 3 ' r ■ -"-f — ■ Mt^^v. lliM I J 130 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS M t t I ■I , Hotham, 01iv(M', Owen, and probably some others, most of them commanding frigates, and almost daily bringing in prizes. I was par- ticularly acquainted with Captain Courtland, who resided at Plymouth Dock, and received many kind invitations to pass the day at Thanks, on the opposite side of the harbour, the seat of Lord Graves ; and of course always danced with one of the three daughters — most amiable girls. On the 22nd of September, 1796, being the anniversary of George the Third's coronation, the ships of war fired a royal salute, and just as I was sitting down to dinner in Clowance Street, at about four o'clock I was surprized by a tremendous explosion which rattled the win- dows as when struck bv a sudden blast of wind, and caused the knocker on the street-door to give a double knock. I ran out and was quickly informed that a ship-of-war lashed to the sheer-hulk, had blown up just opposite to the dock-yard. I hastened to the gun- wharf, ordered out the engineer's boat, and speedily got to the spot. On arriving there, I learned that the ' Amphion,' a 3 2 -gun frigate, had blown j^^gi:iiimm) i SiiriieSi*: iiaiiM«i*o4»»*iw»«.n«i^». OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 133 Several of the guns of the ' A'lipliion ' were merely lifted into the sheer hulk, to which the ' Annphion' had heen lashed, and it was related at the time, that the sentinel at the p:angvvay was so g(^ntly transferred from the deck of tlie ' Amphion' to that of the hulk, that the next instant an otHeer passing him, he car- ried arms to liim as if nothing had occurred. The raising of the wreck now occupiiid the attention of all the scientific and unscientific people of the three towns and vicinity. After due consideration, some very large eahles were made for the purpose of sweeping for the wreck, one to pass under the stern and the other under the stem, and thcMi the two ends of each were drawn as tight as possihle. Two frigates were unloaded of everything that could be removed, and placed on each side the * Amphion.' The ports of these ships vvere closed and ren- dered water-tight, rmd then nearly filled v.ith water in order to sink them as deeply into the water as might be done with safety ; this was accomplished at low water, and the cables drawn in taut. It is evident that as the tide rose, and by pumping out the water, the frigates rose con- 134 ADVENTURES AM) RErOT.rECTIONS I \ iii il J si(leriil)ly more than the incrr rise of tlio tido, and thus lifted or weighed the ' Amphion' ; when no tinne was lost in prorcedinjj: into the shal- lowest water tiie suspended ship would allow of, and thus at low tide the wreck was con- siderably out of water. Tht! hauling in of the cables was a curious and somewhat complicated operation ; after passing into the frigates on each side, they were taken on sliore into the Dock-yard, where some hundreds of men were engaged in winding them in by the united power of a great number of capstans ; this, it was important sliould be accomplished at low water. A large portion of the persons who had been between decks, and who had sunk with the frigate, were found there, and it was said that a black man was discovered in an upright position, with his feet upwards, although five or six months had lapsed since the lamentable event had occurred. The key of the forward powder-magazine door, w^hich had blown up, was found hanging up in its proper place, in the cabin of the First Lieutenant. This at the time was regarded as exonerating him from any neglect of his A.m.'a»tfc ■JL-Ul^iitj-'-^i- OP COLONEL LANDM.VNN. 13: rst lis duty ; and, I bcllcvt' tliiit tho cause f)f tlie accident was never satisfactorilv determined. ft I \V(>11 n^niember that neither shrimps nor other sliell-fish were siileahle at Plymouth for many months after this event, such being sup- posed to devour human bodies, in preference to all otlier food. 1 shall merelv add on this sub- ft ject, that, notwithstanding the general gloom which su<;h a calamity was calculated t(» throw over the three towns of Plymouth Dock, De- vonport, Stonehouse and Plymouth ; on the same evening, being on a Thursday, the long rooms at JStonehouse, where balls were held, everv Thursday, tlu: assembly was as numer- » ft' ft-' ous of both army and navy, and the dancing kept up with as much spirit as on any other Thursday in the year. ■*»•»»«''« <-,»»♦=' ^•--.„ rt " ii irn Mil "* ii 136 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS y i i CHAPTER VI. I 1 I proceed to Falmouth — Bingham and Stackpole in West Indies — Pendennis Castle — Admiral Spry — Mr. Tippet — Captain Melville — Flora Day — Ordered to Quebec — Sell my horses. My mother and sister were at this time on a visit to me at Plymouth Dock, and they re- ceived many kind invitations from Lord George and Lady Louisa Lennox, to dine at Ctovern- ment House, and more frequently to pass the ev(!rings, when but little ceremony was observed. Towards the close of the ye;u' (1796), we occupied a small house in Clowance Street, and had very pleasant neighbours in a Lieutenant and Mrs. Richardson, of the Surrev-Fencible Cavdry ; and we had invited them it) meet a small party on Christmas-day, at my house. L , ,■-*-•- ■ ^<^ ^«". *i i * " ' »*■ r^ ^,^'»>^i*i« .^-■-■t ;i--AM! JWC MMM H .rjJi I OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 13' m ne :i I, in particular, had aiiticipated mucii pleasure on that day ; but, about eight o'clock on the eve of Christmas, we were somewhat startled by a very loud treble lrv imperfect ; and I also completely renewed the palisading in the ditch. Soon after my arrival, 1 vvas ordered to take possession of as much ground on St. Anthony's Head (which is the eastern promontory at the entrance to the harbour, and on which stood the signal-staff), as might, in my opinion, be neces- sary for the site of a battery, for four pieces of cannon, to form a cross fire with those on the works of Pcndennis Castle, and the battery at Crab-key, near the S{;a-shore. Accordingly, I t(.ok a boat, and crossed the harbour to St. Maws, in order to pay my respects to Admiral Spry, the proprietor of the ground at St. Anthony's head. I stati^d to the Admiral the object of my visit, and that my instructions did not admit of delay, for that I had been ordered to commence by taking possession. He was much offended, dared me at my peril, to break ground on his property, giving me a formal 142 ADVENTUIIES AND RECOLLECTIONS V I- notice, that if I v(3ntured to trespass on his ground, he would cause me to be immediately apprehended, and sent to Bodmin gaol. As he finished his menace, I bowed ; he then rang the bell, and ordered his gamekeeper to see me otf his grounds. In thi? course of a day or two, having made all my arrangements, under advice of Mr. Tippet, a solicitor, I landed just within St. Anthony's Head, and scrambled up the pre- cipitous rocks to the signal-staff, where I found Lieutenant Jewel, of the Royal Navy — the signal- officer in charge of the telegraph. He received me with great kindness, and in a most g^'ntle- manly way acquainted me, that in compliance with the Admiral's orders, he must send off a messenger to acquaint him with my arrival. The Admiral's house was, I think, nearly two miles off, and in the meanwhile I proceeded to mark out the ground I required, having people with me prepared with the necessary imple- ments. I had nearly completed the operation when the Admiral came up. Long before he had arrived within haihng-distance, I distinctly understood that he was in a great rage. His '■J J 1 ' OF COLONEL LANDMaNN. 143 gamekeeper and two assistants, provided with double-barrelled ^uns, followed close uj) in his wake, whilst in the distance, some half-dozen of country loons, m smock-frocks were crowding all sail to join the van. My force consisted of about twenty men, with pickaxes, spades, and bill-hooks, The Admiral came up in a tremendous passion, repeated liis threats to send me to Bodmin gaol ; several times declaring that he would take the law in his own hands, unless I withdrew. " Not that that shnll save you, young gentle- man," he added, " from prosecution ; but it may prevent my ordering my people to bundle you all, neck and heels, down the cliffs into your boats." I took thi; liberty of suggesting that he should instruct his solicitor to communicate with the Ordnance solicitor, Mr. Tinpet, on this subject, which, I observed, would put the affair in a proper course of a(]justment. In the mean- time I continued working, the Admiral and his people looking on, neither silently nor very patiently, until I had completed the marking out ■0 144 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS ])y trenches the whole of the intended battery ; I now turned to the Admiral, and making him a low and respectful bow was about to follow my working party to the boats, when he advanced towards me, his hand extended, and in a most polite; and gentlemanly way, said : " Our official intercourse, Sir, for to-day being now dosed, 1 must shake hands with you, Sir, and must insist on your dining with me. My behaviour to you was in reference to your official proceeding ; that is now over, and I am very anxious to show you that I am a gentleman as well as yourself." Under any other circumstances, I should have declined the honour ; but in order to assure the Admiral that I retained no resentment for his rudeness, I accepted the invitation. Nothing, however, could have been more agreeable, than was the conduct of the Admiral whilst doing the honours of his table. We parted on the most friendly terms, and he instructed his solicitor to conf(;r with Mr. Tippet, and I instructed Mr. Tippet to conf(!r with the Admiral's solicitor, in order to settle the difference betwixt the OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 14:) lave the his Ihan the lost Ir to Mr. [tor, the Aihniriil and the Board of Onhianre on the )iiosf rcasnii;il)l(' terms. After a lonji: delay, usual on all such oe- easions, Mr, Ti|)j)et acquainted nie that the hest terms he eoidd amieai)lv ohtain wen*, that tile Ordnance should pny to the Adinii'al a ground-rent ainoiintlnji- to the moderate siun of twenty-five guineas per annum, for about a (|uart(>r of an aere of unproductive ground covered with furze, situated close to th(^ tehv graph on St. Antliony's Head, including a right of way to and from the quay n(!ar the Admiral's house, ike, which Mr. Tippet, having declared, undei- the circimistances, to he reason- able, I consented thert'unto, and executed the necessary document on b(.'half of the Board of Ordnance. With this arrangement tiie Admiral was well pleased, the Bi)aid of Ord- nance >vas well pleased, and sent me a letter of approbation and thanks ; the solicitors were both well pleased ; and reviewing the dithculties of the ease, 1 felt I had no reason to be dis- pleased. My duties at Falmouth, or more properly, at Pendennis Castle, were chiefly the erecting four VOL. L H 14G ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS I I rlovatcd l)iittcric.s on the nirnpurts, denominated (;avuli(;rs, diiTc^ting their tire on the approjiehes, l)y the h\ij:\\ ground on tliat side, nearly facing the town. These works were intended to pro- cure a more perfect command overtlie land side, the only ap])roach open to a regular attack. I must here mention, that the officer commanding the little garrison of Pendennis Castle, was at that time, (17DG,) a captain of invalids, I bt^lieve a Scotchman ; a bilious little man, one of the very few persons who had survived their former imprisonment in the celebrated black hole at Calcutta. He had suffered greatly through that continement ; one of his hands was con- tracted so that he could noi: extend it, but he invariablv carried in that hand one of his gloves by the tips of its fingers with which he marked the state of his temper, by flogging his thigh. The command of a company of invalids, toge- ther with that of the Castlo of Pendennis and dependencies, extending down to the water's edge on three sides, and including a small tower and landing-place called Crab-quay, had inspired him with a vast idea of the responsibility which had . . IIBBMMMW^*'******-''-" ♦■ • OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 14 |oge- and idge and Ihim Ihad fallj'H upon liiin, particuliirly as an activr war was at that time raging with France. Under snch trying circumstances, the captain rcsolvi d to conduct the duties of his im})ortant otHce with a very liigii hand. lie lost no oj)portunity of ex])rpssing his displeasure at tlie slightest de- viation from tlu; strictest rules of the service ; and tlje manner of his noticing it was by no means cal( ulated to produce a friendly inter- <*ourse betwixt himself and those who were placed under his authority. For instance, if he had occasion to make any of these communi- cations, his practice was to send a perem])tory order to the individual to attend at his residence in the Old Kee|) , but instead of allowing him to enter his quarters, he dodged his ap))roach from a small window near the entrance, and sal- lied forth meeting his man, some ten to fifteen yards in front of his door, drawing up his head, his right foot advanced and his left arm a-kimbo, whilst his right hand was engaged with the never-failing glove. At tlirce or four yards to his left, and a little to his rear, stood his worthy lieutenant, with a sort of orderly book under his arm. H 2 I i ¥ i 148 AD\ ENTIRES ANf) HECOLLECTIONS 1 \v!i!> sent for, and met In the Coiiunand- :mt in liis usuiil way. I siiluted with a full dro|) of in\ hat, \sliich the Ca[)tain nturncd \)\ nuTcK inakiiiy: ont' cut at his own hat with his ^htvr, and at once ('oniinciiccd thf attack : " So, Sir, I rc^n'i't to find that you Iwivo hccn •ruiltv of a must tlacrrant hrcach of suhordi- nation, highly suhvcrsivc of inihtary disciphnc, inasmucth as such conduct is calculated to hring discredit n|ion His Majesty's service !" &c. I was perj)ltx(;d on hearing this accusation, and expressed my total ij^norance of havinjz; done anythin*^ that could justify it ; upon which the little man having commenced a sharp cutting with his glove, with a smile of contempt, replied . " What, Sir, do you mean to prevaricate ?" — a favourite; expression with him — and instantly turning to his lieutenant, at whom he flourished his glove, as a signal to proceed in tht; discharge of his respectal)le duty, he called out, full of irritation, " mark that Mr. K 1 ;" upon which the worthy lieutenant drew forth from under his arm his hook with a clasp, and therein % ;(1 OF COLONKL LANDMANN. 149 made a full and prrtVct verhutim liUry of the words 1 had pnmoimccd. After a little fxplanatioii, I pnivcd that he was lahouriui; under a total niisa))j)rehension, upon wfiich, without the slightest expression of regret, he tiirnrd ujxtn his ln-el, giving one ferocious cut at his thij^h with the glove, and muttered, ' Ay, a\, it is wrll for you, Sir, it is very well." And to gain time in order to elose the inteniew with credit to himself, without the manifestation of the smallest degree of self-eon- demnation, he, turning again to me, for 1 had not stirred from the spot, added, " If you had been guilty, 1 should have considered it as my bounden duty, from which no j)ersonal regard for you or your inexperience could have made me swerve for an instant, to have brought you to a court-martial. Hark ye, Sir, let this be a lesson to vou. Sir, for tiie future ! ! I" '* In what wa\, Sir?" 1 quickly retorted. " Don't reply, Sir; mark that Mr. K- 1." Having terminated this at^air, he darted oif towards the Old Keep, vigorously flourishing his glove. 150 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS Notwithstanding these annoyances, I passed u\y time very agreeably. I subscribed to th(^ balls held at Blunstonc's Hotel (since then Wynn's and Pearce's), in the middle, of the town of Falmouth ; and also attended the balls at Penryn and Truro ; and sometimes extended my search aft(T amusements of that .sort to the town of Helston. My last visit to the latter place was on Flora-day, the 8th of May (17!>7). At the tim(^ of which I am writing, this was one of the gayest and most interesting festivals of olden times. At an early hour of the afternoon lads in their best attire, with their f"ll dressed belles, having real flowers in their hair, and carrying large bou- quets of wild flowers, began to arrive from the surrounding country ; their appearance in the town served as a signal for the residents to sally forth, and join in the promenading about the principal streets. Presently the music, con- sisting of a drum and fife only, was heard calling those who were willing to dance, to assemble in the market-])lace, whence they (piickly advanced in couples, dancing through the streets to a T - ^1?' ' "" ' ^^I'Wii^ p wWr --^r"' ^vi>f*»^i mmSSBBm OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 151 i [)articiiliir tune played on the fife and drum. At c(5rtain corners of streets or other fixed places, they all stopped and faced each other in country dance order, when the leaduif^ ('oupl(> danced down to the hottom ; they then ))roceeded as before in couples to the next halting place, upon which th(! couple at the head began to danec down as the first iiad done, and the whole again progressed to the next corner In tliis manner the procession went on until every couj)le had had its turn : those joining thi- dance on the way after leaving the market-])laee, no matter who they were, went to the bottom of the «'0uples that had not danced d«.)wn. In this the higher classes joined without reserv^e or distinction, all mixing in perfect equ.ility ; and the party I was with, which had required several carriages to brnig tliem from Fahnouth, shared in this truly innocent and joyous amusem(;nt. We had dined at one of th(! hotels, and })y five (('clock turned out to join th(! dancers in the streets. At about seven o'clock, long before the sun had disappeared, all those usually admitted to the subscription balls ' h 152 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS retired to tlio iissonibly-room, and kept it up until twelve, when the whole dispersed. At len{i;th, towards the latter part of the month of April, I received an ord(;r from General Mors<', aequaintinir mo tliat tlu; Master-General of the Ordnance had appointed me to serve in Canada. I was surprised at receiving a visit from Lieutenant St. Jolni, of Plvmouth, and from wliom I had ])urehased one of two ponies I now wanted to sell. lie soon informed me that h(^ wished to rc-purchase him, and thankfully handed me the amount 1 had previously paid him ; exulting'ly declarinfj^, as he momited his purchase, that so de.^irous had lie felt to have him back, that he had made up his mind to give me live guineas more for liim rather than be disappointed; to which 1 quickly replied, that having received an order to embark for Canada, I should have been glad to have got rid of him for half the money. Through the activity of my man, Lilicrap, a raffle was got up for the other pony, but one of the chances could not be disposed of, I tlieie- OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 153 tore took it myself, and desired Lilienip to tlirovv tor me. In less thun one hour, 1 observed him gallo}) to my door on the pony, which he had won. I immediately sold him, at a small loss on the price he had originidly cost me. i.' h i H 3 154 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS CHAPTER VII. I leave Falmouth to go to Quebec — Mutiny in the Fleet at Pl5'mouth — I return to Falmouth to embark there — Passage to Halifax — Calm in the Bay of Biscay — Tricks of the Woolwich cadets — 1 volunteer to board a large ship at sea, believed to be French — Narrow escape Banks of Newfoundland — Land at Cape Canso. I LOST no time in [)Voc(3eding to London in the hope of procuring a passage in one of the Ordnance transports, which in those days it was the practice to despatch to Quebec with the first convoy in the spring. I took the road via Plymouth, for the purpose of making some final reports to General Mercer, on the state of the works I had been superintending at Pendennis Castle; and .on my crossing the river Tamar, .^,. -— ■»■*—#%■ ---••(»-'^-«-^^-*)V- ♦«<—»-■-. ,■ i.!Vs)aftf''?'.-^ '^^B msm OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 155 from Tor Point to Plymouth Dcx^k, at a short time before sun-set, I witnessed a very imposing sight. Every ship of war then lying at anchor in the harbour, and they were very numerous, had her yards and masts marmed — the whole of tlie sailors being dressed in blur jackets and white trousers — and on the top of each mast a man stood uj)right ; but on the top of the highest mast in the tleet, the man standing thereon was engaged playing " Rule Britannia," on a tiddie. As soon as the gun had been fired, which announced tliat the sun had d(;scenry and engineers at Plymouth Dock, I proceeded to Lonflon by one of the tast coaches of those times, carrying six passengers inside, whicii only stopped during one night on the way, at the London Iim at Exeter, and I entered the capital on the evening of the third day. Finding it more difficult to get out to Quebec than I had anticipated, a passage in a transport not being to be had, I consulted friends who had been in Canada; they agreed that the season was then (July) too far advanced to procure a ^ > i 1.1 mm wmm fNvqMMi3B#ubtl||i^ I m>mm$iiMiSi%M,m » > OF COLONEL LANUMANN. 159 f piissH^e direct to Quebec, and I was advised to go to Halifax. My heavy bajrgage having been sent otf' h\ one of Russell's eight-lKjrscd waggons, I h.-ft home on the 29th of July, 1797, and proceeded to Falmouth. The * Swallow' packet was a most wretched vessel, about one hundred and ten tons burden, currying a crew of twenty-eight men and a surgeon, and six fo\ir-pounders ; she had been a French privateer, and was so low between decks that, when sitting in the cabin at dinner, the to)) of my head was within a few inclies of the beams. Captain Jones, the commander, was a short square-built man, a very unfinished gentle- man, and so mercenary that, although a fellow- passenger and myself had paid tifty-four guineas for our passage, the whole of the live stock amounted to eighteen fowls, nine ducks, six geese, two sheep and one pig. Three dozen bottles of pc^rt wine and six dozen of porter, with three or four bottles of rum and brandy, constituted the licjutn* department. He provided not a single article of dried fruit, nor any kind of biscuits superior to the commonest flinty ; > wf m I 160 ADVENTLRES AND UECOl.LIX TIONS hard brown biscuits, which at sea is impiuU'ntly called broad. On (Hir cinbarkin^, (Jiiptain Jones was pressed to lix fis nearly as he could the pro- bable lengtii of the passage, and he, having due regard to tlie unfavourable period of the year, and witli all the necessary ifs which sailors unavoidably introduce on such occiisions, and barring all accidents, ventured to assure us we should bo in ilalifnx harbour in the course of twenty-eight to thirty days : adding that he should keep well to the northward in ordt;r to be at all times ready to ])rofit by the north-westerly winds so ])revalent at that period of the year, and also to avoid any chance of being shi])wrecked on the frightful Sable Island, which stnnds exactly in tin; direct course to Halifax ; and is so low that, as soon as a vessel is near enough to allow its people on board to see the island, the vessel is in sucli shallow water as to endanger her safety. In the course of conversation, I discovered that neither the captain nor any of the officers or seamen on board of the 'Swallow' pncket, had ever been on the coast of North or South i I OF COLONEL LANDMANN. \(\\ Arntrica, aiul tlmt Mr. Coclirau*-, my *rllow- |)a8S('iip>r, was the only individual on board who had ever crossi'd the Atliiiitic Ocean. The wind from flic north-west (|uarti'r, with which \vc had sailed, was very moderate, the sky exceedingly hriirht, the sea much smoother than I had anticipated, and the brig glidt d along imder the lee of the land towards the Lizard Point with very little n 'ling or pitching, yet there was quite enough i otion to kee)) me on deck during the diimer, having no inclination to take any kind of food, this l)einnting the head, sometimes the stern, to face the enormous mountains as smooth as oil, whilst they swiftly raised us high above the horizon, and as swiftly dropped us into the gulf below as they hurried on at the rate of twenty miles per hour, in ordi^r to da^h them- ! *•■ * OP COLONEL LANDMANN. I r)3 sdvrs up«)n tlu' distant shore of France and Spain. Notwitljstandin^ all this, I soon got \n\ sea legs, as a saiior would (K'scrilx' it, that is, 1 a(;quired tlm art of l)alancin^ rn\s(lf on deck. \[y fellow passenger iuiving alluded to a friend of liis, Andrew Durnford, who had heen edueated at the Woolwich Academy, I informed him of the treatment lie reeiived there I'rom his seniors. Young 1 urnt'ord was cold one winter's evening, and seated himself hy tlie harraek- room tire ; he was ordered, hy tlie head of the room, to take post mar the door, ohserving that it was a [ilaee quite good enough for a " newks" (voun yes. The performer next attended to the top, which he declared was growing so jierversely, that much time and trouble would be requirefl to make him look like a gentl»'mau , and immediately applied a hard crust, and rubbed it back until his head was cover<'d with dt p scratches. Durnford's family withdraw bin from the Royal Military Academy, and purchased for him a commission in the Line. VOL. 1 I 170 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS ft ii 5 During ton days we romjiinod becalmed — tossing and rolling over the north-west swell, which had in no degree abated. I here made some observations on the spaee betwixt the top of one wave and the top of the next, which 1 ascertained to be from twj lumdred to two huntlrcd and fiftv yards. The heat of the sun shining on the deck was exceedingly annoying, but we suffered still more from the effluvia arising from the sea ; or, more properly, from the ^'ast accumulation of every description of refuses and filth which is daily thro^vn overboard from a ship at sea ; so that the sui-facc, to the distance of many yards around, was covered with the offals of poultry, the swee])ings of the pig-sty and sheep-pen, vegetable waste [md other equally corruptible matters, all of which, through the powers of attraction, obstinately clung to the vessel, and, to our great surprise, had continued unconsumed by tish, especially the shark, of which up to tl^is time we had not seen one. This rubbish had now become putrid : moreover, the calm had be(.'n so perfect, that the surface of the sea Cw.itted a very fetid etfluvium. It thus became nccessarv OF COLONKL LANDMANN. 171 : was more more every daily that ^ards Liltry, -pen, )tible rs of and, med tHis had had tied ssary to hoist out one of the boats, and actually tow the vessel to the distance of a mile at least from the spot. We had now been fifteen days at sea, one half of the time calculated by the captain as the duration of our voyage, yet we had not run more than a tenth part of the distance. At length, thirty-five days after our departure from Falmouth, the captain estimated the position of the shij) to be about thre<' hundred miles to the north of Corvo, one of the Western Islands, or the Azores, just about half wav from Falmouth to Halifax. The wind was still blowing from the north-west, was light, hut the sea high, when a strange sail was observed bearing south-west. Tliis ship was steering for the British Channel, and consequently we approached one another very fast ; so that, by mid-day, we were sufficiently near to ascertain that the .>.rarger was a large merchant ship. Jones, commanding a brig with six 4-pounders, and a crew of twenty- eight men, immediately gave chase, upon which the stranger made all sail possible right away from us ; our pursuit was so successful, that, I 2 It I . 172 ALVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS i I I: r ! I i in twciity-rour hours wo hoisted our colours, and the mert'lmntman did the samo, showing a red flag with a white eross. A shot was tired across her hows, and she shortened sail. We ran up to within hail, when to our interro- ijatorics, the commander informed us he came from th(! island of Si. Tlionias, and was hound to Co})enhagen. Not helieving this, I volun- tered mv services as a boarder. Jones took me at my word, and down I went to ann myself for the occasion. I loaded my horse-pistols, each with a ball and slugs ; I j)ut in new flints, and stuck the jiistols into my sash. I then belted on a ship's cutlass, the uniform sv ord of the engineers being, in my opinion, a very unfit tool for such .semce ; and instead of my military hat, covered over the crown with a piece of bear's-skin, forming a <|U(M'r kind of (-ompound betwixt a hat and a helmet, 1 preferred a plain round hat, being far lii^-hter and certainly much n\ore convenient. The boats Wi;re now alongside, taking in the volunteers eight in each Ixnit, every man armed with a cutlass and a musket. The first mate took the command of on(; of the boats, and OF (OLDNKI. LANDMANN. 173 I had the honour of htMiiLT intrusted Nvitli that of the other, at my special nnjucst. This was the first time in my hfe I had got into a hoat at sea, and which was runnini:; mountains hijj^h as •; sailor would have descrihed it. When it came to mv turn to jro over the side oi' the * Swallow,' and descend into tlie boat, 1 discovered that it was ;i far more dithcult atfair than I had exjiected ; and again, when we had proceeded towards tiie ship about half way t(t her, 1 began to contemplate; with some anxiety the means by which 1 should accomplish my ascent, for the; shij) aj.'pean'd very liy:ht, and as she rolli'd from us 1 could al times almost see her keel, presenting an insurmountable wall. I looked in vam for some rojn's-end hanging over the side, by which I might have; a chance of hoisting myself up, but this had been cj»refidly attended to, and remov(xl by the people on board. At l«>ngth we (»bs(;rved, that at each roU the main and fore chains almost touched the water, uj)on whicfi it was agreed with the mate in the other boat, that he should board by the fore chains on one side, whilst 1 should I V y I i m 174 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS do the s[im<* bv the miiin chains on the otluT. '* Now, give way there, my lads," was tho urdlT. and in u fuw ininuti's wc had arrived at our stations, when we instantly laid in the oars, and with a boat-hook at each end of th»^ boat kept her off sutfieiently to prevent being injured or sunk by the rolling of this large ship. "Now is our time," I exelaimed, as the ship was rolling over towards my boat. "Now is the time for it : together into the main ehains, my lads," juldressing three of the men in tho boat, who were at the next roll to be followed by as many more, if they could not tind room to rush in all together ; and so catching hold of the chains I instantly scrambled on to th(; plate, and flying up wiih the rolling of the ship ; but in an instant I discovered I was th(; only one who had left the boat, and at the sami^ momen* one of the enemy made a thrust at me with a boarding-pike. In this })redicament, I had no alternative but to seize the pike with both hands, when a sharp struggle commenced for the possession of this OF tOLONKI. LANDMANN. 173 » ti)nni(lal)l(' wrapori, and wr performed the "pull devil, pull i»aker," duriufr several seconds; but as s(»on as the shij) rolled over again towards my l)oat, hy which I was plae(;d in a leaning position, my hack downwards, almost on th(>' water, and in a horizontal position — for I was holding hy the pike only — my antagonist, very sci<'ntiHcally, gavi- uj) the contest, and allowed me the undisputed possession of the Wi-apon ; and ], at the same moment, fell backwards into the sea. The men in the- boat, luckily foreseeing my fate, caught me before 1 had time to sink, for laden as I was with j)Lstols, cutlass, &c., i must have gone down likt; a stone. By this mishap, my pistols having been so wetted as to be useless, 1 threw th(!m down in the boat ; and my clothes streaming with water, and without a hat, which I had lost, I flt)urished my cutlass at the men who ought to have followed me into the chains, and declared I would show no mercy to the man who should again behave like a lubber. W«; all stood readv for the next roll, and togetlier secured our footuig on the plate, ^ * if if I 1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 IS"- IM I.I 1.25 *^ 1^ 1 2.2 ^ lis IIIM 1.8 1.4 <^ /2 /: y /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 176 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS whence we all leaped over the bulwark on to the deck ; whilst, at the same moment, we had the pleasure of seeing our companions, with the mate from the other boat, gain possession of the forccastl(; by the fore chains. The attention of the ship's crew was by this event divided, and instead of keeping together, they scatt(^red, and the deck was forthwith covered by our people and their's fighting, man to man ; but such wa^ the confusion, that I can only relate what fell to my share. On ray advancing from the gang\va\, with my cutlass raised high over head, one of our opponents ran at me with his musket pointed at my face, and when at the distance of a couple of yards from me, he pulled the trigger — fortunately for me, the priming had been damaged, so that the powder went on fizzing away, which gave me time to run at him. This caused him to retreat hastily, his only hope resting on the discharge of the musket, which would not go off. All this was the work of five or six seconds at most, by whith time I had backed my friend, against the cabin sky- light, through which he presently fell. At the '■ •^-'^!tT '- OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 177 '3 the same moment the musket, which he still grasped tightly in his hands, went off, discharging its cont(!nts in a vertical direction amongst the sails and rigging. At this instant, the master, who had stood aloft without seeming to take any part in the proceedings, now perceiving that we were by far too powerful for his crew, ran ahout the deck with up-lifted hands forbidding any resistance, and declared that his men had acted without his authority. He endeavoured to excuse himself, in very broken English, aided by all the signs and protestations he could devise — assuring us that he had never for a moment intended to oppose our iuN'estigation of his papers. The fight now terminated, and the master's pa})ers were produced, by which a tolerably ck^ar case was made out that the ship was a Dane. We, nevertheless, maintained that the vessel belonged to France, in which we were justified, to a certain extent, ha^ing discovered that the greater part of the crew could speak the French language well, and no other; and only one man out of the whole could speak tho Danish language. Our mate, who understood this business very I 3 t », ;. 178 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS well, having served on board of a privateer, commenced a very active search after the real papers, which it was supposed had been con- cealed ; but he was unsuccessful. Whilst this was going on, the master was exceedingly civil, and invited me to par^^ake of refreshments in the cabin. Although no other papers were found, yet a variety of circumstances increased our suspicions, and almost convinced us that the vessel did belong to France, still we could not detain her ; but in revenge of some cutlass wounds which two of our people had sustained, we helped ourselves very freely to several boxes of oranges, two or three bags of coffee, a quantity of sugar, a cask of rum, &c. ; and to compensate myself for the ducking, and danger of being piked, or shot through the head, or drowned, I merely took two cases of Martinique liqueurs, which the master almost forced me to accept, in consideration of my not demanding that the man who had so pertinaciously en- deavoured to shoot me in the face should be hung up at the fore-yard-arm, and also for the like humane treatment of the man who had so cleverly given me a cold bath. \\ OF COLONEL LANDM.VNN 179 en- be the so On our pr<>paring to leiive tlie ship, we discovered that two of the crew were very dangerously ill, one of them dying through the want of medical aid ; we therefore acquainted the master that we should send our surg<>on to his assistance, which was fulfilled, and this saved one sick man's life. As I was leaving the vessel, the master asked me the name of our brig ; but when I told him that it was the * Swallow,' a King's post-office packet, he sinilcd as he shook his head significantly, to mark his disbelief; and then said: "No, no, you pee one prifateer !" and he might have added, " or perhaps one pirate." We nevertheless con- ferred on these people a very important service, by giving two of their men medical assistance and medicines, without which one of them must have ultimately lost his life. After this adventure, we pursued our course just as well without captm'ing, or rather without carrying on with us the Dane, for, as a packet, we could have no letter of marque, and therefore could not make a prize ; had we attempted it, on arriving into Halifax harbour, the first King's ship that might have chosen to send a boat p 180 \DVENTURES AND RKCOLLECTIONS r> on board of her, would have seciinxl her as a good prize, and there can he no doubt that some one of them would have done so. Having sailed on during many days under varied circumstances, I one afternoon incjuired of the captain how long he thought it might be before we should complete the voyage. " Let me see," replied our best navigator in the world, nnd a man not easily surprised into a hasty or unguarded statement ; '' l<*t me see — this is Thursday," as he can^fuUy passed his hand very slowly over the four-days-old bristles on his chin ; " whv, if the wind will but continue just as it is now, I think we ought to be on the Banks (of Newfoundland) by Monday afternoon." Early on the following morning 1 hapjiened to be on deck, when I perceived a very material change had taken place in the colour of the water, which, fi-om a sort of neutral tint, had assumed a pale-greenish shade, which I suppose was a sea-green. Upon this, I (expressed a strong opinion that we were in soundings, at which our worthy captain laughed, and sneer- mgly asked me where I had learnt how to be 4 — '~*^ be OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 181 SO good ri juflgc of such matters, when the oldest sailors wen; t'rcqiK^ntly deceived by such appearances. I iKverlheless insisted upon it that we were on the Banks, witliout srcceedinji^ to procure the JKiavin^- of the le'ad. At lengtli, well aware of Jones' mercenary temperament, 1 offered to het him tive sliillings that we were actually in souiKhnjrs. My friend was too good a judge to miss such an opportunity of ohtaining five shilHngs without risk, and gave orders to bring the vessel to, and heave the (k'ep-sea lead Whilst these })reparations were makirg, 1 sent over the stern a cod-tisii line and hook well baited, and before the deep-sea k'lid had reached the bottom, 1 brought a fine cod-fish lo the top. Jones had lost his bet, for it was quickly ascertained that we were in seventy fathoms water, or nearly passed the Banks over which we must have been runnmg nearly all night. He, therefore, to get some compensation for such a severe loss, directed that all the lines in the vessel should be put into action, and in the course of about four hours, we had pulled up more than one hundred and fifty cod-fish, and I \W 182 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS m ) i fifteen halibuts. Some of these fish were salted, and others served out to the crew, by which friend Jones economised the ship's provisions, which began to be very scarce, and during many days previous to this, we had been on half allowance. This bet no doubt saved us from shipwreck, for it proved that we were at least one hundred and fifty leagues ahead of our reckoning; and the only way I could account for so great an error, was that during the long time we had been becalmed in the Bay of Biscay, we must have been imperceptibly carried away to the westward by a strong current. About thirteen years after this period, I experienced an exactly similar event, also on board a post-office packet, on this occasion bound to Lisbon, when we had experienced a long succession of south-westerly gales at the mouth of the Channel and in the Bay of Biscay; and on reaching the latitude of Lisbon, we sailed away east, thinking to be in the Tagus before next morning ; but we discovered that the position of the vessel had been carried some very considerable distance to the westward, OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 183 i-equiring t\V(;nty-four hours more to enter the Tugus than we had at first calculated on. In our voyage to Halifax our provisions of all sorts had hecome so much reducrd, that w<: found it necessary to run for that part of the coast for \vhi(;h the wind was most favourahle, and we accordingly came to anchor in Cape Canso Harhour, where there was at that time (1797) hut one settler. 184 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS i : I' I mi CHAITER VIll. Go into several harbours — Arrive at Halifax — I-^ieu- tenants lloscridge and Mercer, R.A. — Prince Edwurd and Major Stratton — I dine with the Prince and Madame St. Laurent — I dine with Sir John Went- worth, Thesiger, &o. — Prince Edwurd gives me letters to introduce me at New York, and I embark in the • Carteret ' packet — Loss of the ' Stag ' — Passengers to New York — Water-spouts off the Capes of the Chesapeak — Arrival at New York — Yellow-fever. I WAS greatly delighted at finding myself on the American continent ; the air was purer, and seemed to give fresh vigour to my faculties. I soon discovered that I might, without a li(!ence, shoot game of any sort, and eat it or carry it away ; and catch all the fish in the 1 OV COLONKL LAN DM ANN. 183 it luirbnur without y;ivinj»: otiVnco to iiny one. In short, I could ramble to the ri<:ht, to the left, or go right u-hrjui, without in(!ctiiig with the slightest notiee hoard, warning ine not to commit an act of trespass; besides which, I eould gatiier cranberries enougli to load a larger vessel than the * Swallow' packet brig, and ship them without fear of being prosecuted. Here our captain, for the; sum J)f ten })0unds, purchased a bullock from the settler: but as the animal was far away in th(; woods, where he was at full liberty to run in anv direction, it was agre(.'d that a pnrty should be sent from the ' Swallow' early on the next day, armed with guns to shoot the bullock, as the owner stated he would be' found much too wild to drive to the landing-place. I was delighted at the prospect of an excursion so full of novelty, and promising much sport. On landing next morning from the boat, I sprained my ankle rather severely, which compellcHl me to remain in charge of the boat, whilst the rest of the party pushed forward, carrying with them two days' provisions in case of need, and attended by the owner of the bullock. i 18G ADVICNTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS All started in hij:h spirits, c\vr\ man ••arry- inj^ li musket, plenty of powder, tlints, balls and small shot. I saw them depart with an aehing heart, and threw myself back on the stern seat, whilst the liead of the boat was hauled on shore, fully antieipatin*^ a tedious time of it. No plan had been formed, nor any arrangements made as to what was to be done in the event of the bullock hunt keeping tlie hunters away all night. These matters crossed my thoughts as time advanced, and in this state of mind, sometimes watching, without interest, a larg(^ Hock of small birds wiiich flew from one projecting point of the sand} beach to another, carefullv describing a wide curve in passing my boat ; and then sometimes casting an unmeaning look into the water, a foot or eighteen inches deep, but very transparent, which enabled me to see distinctly the rocks partly buried in sand and interspersed with sea-weeds. At length I fancied I saw something moxnng about on the bottom, which at first I mistook to be the weeds agitated by the action of the tide. Upon closer investigation, I discovered OP COLONKL LANDMANN. 187 innuincniMc lobsters rrawlinjj: about in every tlin ction. My desire to cateh .some was in- stantly «'X«'it('(l to a bigh dearer; but possessing no otb(T utensils tban tbe oars, a boat-book, and a musket, my cbance of gratifying tiiis desin; seemed V(»ry remote. It occurnMl to me tbat it was possible to strike one of tbem witb tbe point of tbe boat-book, and eitber stun or ('ru>b bim ; but tbis could not b(! repeated, as the commotion it must unavoidably occasion would frigbten away t\u' otbers ; I tben consi- dered that a shot from mv musket, if successful, would at best produce a similar result. At length it occurred to me that I might jicrbaps spear on(; through tb»^ body with the thin end of the iron ramrod of my musket : this was immediately tried, and by slowly pushing forward the ramnnl, tirst into tbe water, and then to within a few inches of one of the lobsters, before 1 attempted to dart it into him, I succeeded p(.'rfectly without creating any alarm. In order to retain them in the vicinage I threw large fragments of sea-biscuits into the water. I was thus encouraged to persevere, and by the time my party returned, just before dark, \ ' 1 88 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS \r f i =! i : i i I. had secured about one hundred of the finest lobsters I have ever seen — some of them of extraordinary dimensions. Our sailors were verv much exhausted, having failed in every attempt to drive the bullock towards the harbour, whic.h ultimately left them no alternative but to shoot him, at a distance, as they stated, of at least ten miles from the boat, where the animal was cut up to render him. portable, and each man shoulder- ing his portion, they returned, but not befure they had cooked on th(! spot as much as every one of them could eat. We left Canso Harbour at daylight next morning for Halifax, but so much did Jones fear being blown away to sea, and perhaps wrecked on Sable Island, that each night we ran into one of th(! harbours which abound on this coast ; thus, the first night we anchored in Country Harbour, then in Ship Harbour, and lastly in Crow Harbour, whence we ventured on to Halifax Harbour — the whole of which we performed without pilot, being entirely guided by the admirably correc;t charts by Debarres. All these harbours were, at that time, almost W^ ■,^.|^^.•l^^^i.• ,/.' OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 189 totally uninhabited ; anrl sudi was the value of land, that Mr. Cocliran ofFerud to make me a present of forty thousand acres on the borders of Country Harbour. I declined to accept this, being; unwillinj]^ to pay sixpence per acre, the cost of the siutcv, which the donor re- garded as more than the land was worth. The view of Halifax from the sea is very interesting, and on our lancUng we w(;re met on the wharf near Williams' store — a very extensive building with a Hat roof — by a large concourse of persons of both sexes, of all ranks, of all [jges and of all colours, for there were numerous negroes, some West Indian Creoles, some Micmacs savages, a few Esqui- maux, and a great number of Europeans, amongst whom were many officers and privates of the 7th Fusiliers, and some of the Royal Artillery. I w'as met by Lieut(;nants Roscridge and Mercer, of the; Royal Artillery, both old Wool- wich Academy friends ; and after the usual expressions of satisfaction at meeting, and all sorts of inquirie after mutual friends, they lodged me at a tolerably good inn ; and it was 1 I ! T I n I -' if 190 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS settled that we should mess together. The officer commanding the Artillerv was Brevet- Major Deshrizay, and Captains Wright and Dodd, hoth on the staff of his Royal Highness Prince Edward. The only officer of Engineers, then at Halifax, was Brevet-Major Stratton, a very worthy fellow, in high favour with his Royal Highness, afterwards Duke of Kent, in consequence of being an excellent amateur comedian. On the day following my arrival, he lost the Prince's favour tiu'ough his own folly and want of judgment. The story related at the time I was there is as follows : Stratton, although commanding engineer, had no house provided by the Ord- nance for his residence ; but having discovered that the house or palace which had been, I believe, purposely erected for his Royal High- ness Prince Edward, or at least had been greatly improved to render it a fit residence for a member of the royal family, was standing on property belonging to the Board of Ordnance. Sti-atton most foolishly wrote a letter to the Board of Ordnance, stating the fact that such a house had been built on Ordnance property j >VM»>«:-M%T«UBnM| OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 191 and soliciting that he might be allowed to occupy it as commanding royal engineer. The Board of Ordnance, without duly entering into the consequences or inconveniences which might result, sent a Board's order, no doubt in civil terms, but still it was a Board's order, addressed to Licutenant-General his Royal High- ness Prince Edward, commanding at Halifax, requiring that the house adverted to by Major Stratton, be immediately, or perhaps as soon as convenient, given up to that officer as the future residence of the commanding royal engi- neer at Halifax. This letter had reached the hands of his Royai Highness by the mail which the ' Swal- low' packet had carried out. On the day of my arrival, T had waited on Major Stratton to pay my respects, and report my being on my way to Quebec, when it was agreed that he should introduce me to his Royal Highness on the gi-and parade at guard mounting, on the following day. At the proper hour I was on the parade, and I shall never forget the severe glance which his Royal Highness cast towards Stratton on seeing him advance to ^^ I 1^ r * I > 1 1 l'\ 192 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS pay his respects to him. The Major having introdueed me to th(^ Prince, his Royal High- ness said in the kindest manner : " How is my old friend, your father ?" and ])iit to me several obliging and flattering questions ; after which his countenance assumed an air of displeasure, as lie fixed his piercing eyes on Stratton ; and quickly drew from his breast-pocket a letter, and handed it to the Major, saying: " Read that letter, Sir ; and then tell me if you have treated me like a gentleman." It need scarcely be stated that this was the letter from the Board of Ordnance above mentioned. Stratton seemed overwhelmed with embar- rassment. The communication ought not to have required two minutes reading, but he remained speechless with it in his hand, unable to get b(?yond the first two or three hnes, fidly sensible of the folly of his conduct : his Roval Highness then sternly addressing Stratton, said ; " You may write to the Board, Sir, and state that I shall not surrender possession of my residence," and contemptuously turned awav. I had not been many days at Halifax, when OF COLONEL L.\NDMANN. 193 I had tliR honour to rccoive a card stalinp^, that " Major V(\s('v had been comnianded hv his Royal Hi<^hncss to invito mc to dine at his country residi.'nco," on Bedford Bason, a t«'\v miles from town. The party was very small, and amongst them were Sir John and Lady Wentwortli, with the aide-de-camp to the Governoi*, Captam Thesiger, a Captain Lyman, and the Prince's statl'*. Major Vesey, Captains Smith, O'Hara, Dodd, Wright, and Lieutenant Mercer of the Royal Artillery. After dinner, about three glasses of wine only were allowed, when the whole company followed his Royal Highness to join Madam<> St. Laurent, Lady Wentwortli, Mrs. Dodd, and, I heheve, Mrs. Wright. Coffee and tea being over, the Prince, condescendingly, sang a duet with Madame St. Laurent, accompanied by Caj)- tain Smith, a first-rate pianist. Having passed a very pleasant day, Mercer and myself jumped into a gig we had hired for the occasion, and bv ten o'clock we were all at home in Halifax. I had made every (?ffort to procure a passage in any vessel proceeding to Quebec^, without succ<;ss, and to attempt going thither by land VOL. L K I it • ^^rtwfr^itfWKrVf*''*'*^ .^. ..,»^^»4^r <•* rrT'*»''« „.^^i^ •i ¥i i i '? I;: 194 ADVENTURES AND RECOl.I ECTIONS was regarded in much the same light, as now would be attempting to traverst; the wliole of the continent to the Pacific Ocean ; I, therefore, remained full of perpU.'xity as to the; course I ought to pursue. Whilst in this state of doubt, one morning the waiter hastily entered my apart- ment, announcing " an aide-de-cam]), Sir, from his Royal Highness Prince Edward." When that officer entered, he stated that he had been commanded by the Prince to acquaint me that I nmst quit the garrison within twenty-four hours. Then, to lessen any alarm this an- nouncement might create, explained that his Royal Highness had directed him to assure me that the order had no referen(;e to any part of my conduct; briefly adding, that the TVince ha\'ing, in a few instances, detained officers to serve at Halifax, who had touched there like myself, on their way to join their I'espective corps in Canada, General Prescott, who, at this time, was Captain-General of British North America, had sent a letter to his Royal Highness, requesting that he would in future press all officers under similar circumstances with myself to proceed to their destinations OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 195 rince ers to re like lective it this North Royal future tances lations with the least dol:iy, and not to detain them at Halifax. Filially, I was told that the Prince desired to see nie at nine o'clock on the follow- ing morning at tlie palace. By daylight on the following morning, I was so fearful of heing late in p:iying my respects to the Prince, that I had sent off my luggage to the packet that had just come into harhour, and was at the iron gate of the palace three-quarters of an hour too soon. Not knowing exactly what to do, 1 stood mechanically n!;ar the gat«? with mv hack turned towards it, hut had not heen in that position two miiuites, when I heard a voice from within calling to me hy my name to come tbrward. This was Prince Edward, who, as I entered, said in the kindest manner, " Landrnmn, I am glad to see you hefore the time I had appointed ; I suppose you are anxious to ernhark, be; assured that I regret to have been under the necessity of sending you such an order, for I had intended to emplo\ you here in a particular wa\, but General Prescott has deranged my plan for serving the son of my old friend the professor. I have written two letters for you to take to New K 2 ■j; I? If I ■i. ft (, 19() ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS Yf>rk, !ind I. desire you will not fsiil to deliver them persoimlly, they are of consequence, and you will tind both Mr. Beech and Mr. Badcock vcrv n^adv to afford von anv assistance v<^u jiiay require." I promised to obey his Royal Highncss's • •onnnaiids most punctually, and was about to take my leave, when the Prince said " go in and rake charge of something which Madamt St. Laurent has to send to New York." I found Madame alone, who, after a short conver- sation, handed to me a parcel, which she said was a present of harp-struigs for Madanje {\v I3uc, in Greenwich Street, New York, and which I was required also to deliver personally. On returning to tlie lawn in front of the j)alace, 1 found his Royal Highness engaged with a man in examining the leg of a mahogany dining-table, which had been nearly broken, when the workman in reply to the Prince's desire to be informed if it could bt: well repaired, said : " Why, yes, certainly, it can be patched up somehow, for a while, youi Royal Highness." But his Royal Highness quickly retorted : ' If it is worth doing at all. , OF COLONEL LAN DM ANN. 197 it is worth doin"^ woll ;" a maxim I hnw never forgott(;n. Prince Edward then turning to me shook mv hand verv kindlv and said, " [ wish you a safe arrival at New York ; and ailhoufrh you are very young to he travellinir alone through a foreign country, yet I |)lace great confidence in your steadiness, which 1 have noticed with satisfaction, and 1 anticipate that you will do nothing that can involve you in any kind of ditHculty ; tak(^ car( that you waste no time on the way, and arrive at Quehec as soon as possihle." I thanked the Prince in the hest manner 1 was al)le, hovved, and instantly em- barked on board of tiie ' Carteret ' packet, com- manded by Captain Taylor. On the following morning, 15th November, 1797, after breakfast, the passengers going with us to N(;w Yor'v, hasteruMl on board, and by twelve o'clock the ' Carteret ' was running down the harbour almost before the wind. In passing McNab's Island, which lay on our left, we saw on the shore the carcases of several of the horses which wen; drowned on the upsetting of a fine vessel, I believe named the * Stag,' and which had sailed but a few days before, bound to the West Indies, carrying on her upper deck 198 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS as iTinny horsos as could be stowed there, and over wliieh a temporary floorinfj; had been tbriTKid for as much liay as reached halt-mast high. I had been attracted with many others to go on board of the ' Stag ' on the morning of her departure, but was so struck with the im- propriety of the arrangements above noticed, that I declared to the master I would not sail in that vessel on any accoimt. 1 had not, however, left the wharf whence I was watch- ing the progress of the ' Stag,' when I saw her catch a puff of wind on her starboard, or right side, and instantly fall over ; but she did not sink. It was strange that, in less than two hours after I had expressed my fears of her safety, I was in the first boat that hastened to assist in rescuing the crew, and we took up the Ca])tain from the vessel, where he was in the water, holding by a rope's end. The first expression he uttered, pointing to me, was : " Ah, if I had taken that bov's advice, I should not have got in such a mess !" It was very fortunate that this had happened at so early a period of her voyage, as had the ' Stag ' upset in the open sea, all hands naust have perished. OF COLONEL LANDMANN. lyiy t III proceeding: !i little; further, we passed tiio rocks uj)on which the ' Trihiinc ' frigate was lost, 1 helieve on the IHtii of Novemher, three days after our (lej)artiirc from Halifax. Our pass(!n«xers wen; : Mrs. lirowne, on hor way from England to join her husband, a merchant at New York ; a young man also named lirowne, with his tutor, a Mr. Richardson, a very gentlemanly fellow, and in every respe( t qualified for his important tnist. Tliese had saili'd from England in the ' Carteret.' At Halifax a Mrs. Davies, a handsome young widow, and her sister, or ni(>ce, a Miss Herd, a very lady-like woman, both proceeding fo join some relatives who kept the Relvidere, a place of amusement opini to the public, on the outskirts of th(? city of New York. The wind continued excoedindv fair, and although strong, yet going almost before it, we did not surter any inconveniency from its strength ; on the contrary, so delightfully did she skud along, that in crossing the entrance to the Bay of Fundy, we ran over a distan(!e of forty-two miles in three hours, during which time the wind, through the speed of the vessel, 1 i g i im \ tmn i "••r t •200 \DVENTMRES AND RKCOLLECTIONS * i' was iilmost iinp('n'*'ptil)]c on «lock, when the Captain ordered a li<,ditfvl ( aiullc to be broujrl^t up and pla(;cd on the companion-covrr, vvheri' it remained during a quarter of an hiur without being extinguislied, nor was the tlaine blown about so as to indicate- a risk of being extin- guisb(3d. All this time the vessel glided on so (|uietly, that we danced reels to the music of young BrowiKi's fiddle every evening, and passed many very agreeable evenings. One night, in running along the shon; of Long Island, wi; heard si'veral guns tired otf in the direction of the island. W(! could even see the flashes that preceded the explosions, and these being at intervals of three to fivi; minutes, we eonchided that the guns had been tired by some; vessel on shore, or otherwise in distress. Although the wind was strong, yet as it pro- ceeded from the coast, anv vessel that had struck might either be got off again, or the crew might be saved. After our arrival at New York, we k^arnt that the guns had been fired by the ' Hunter ' sloop of war, w hich had mn on shore, and that she had been got off without sustaining very severe damage. I -4 ,*>», OF COLONKI. LANDMANN. •201 In th»' short spfu-c of four days after Icavinj: flalffax, w«! arrivc'l ort' the liixhllioiise on San(l\ Hook, at the entrance tn tin- liiirlxiur of New York, iuid there we were eompclled to remain durinp; three days, a great portion of that tlnn! at anchor, firing guns iind making signals for a pilot. None came out t(» guide oiir shij) int.(» port, nor was any kind of notiic taken of our efforts to attract attention. On the third night, a severe gale (^anie on, and forced us (jff to sea, arid as it hlew from the north-west, the wind heiny: ncarU off-sliore we steend awav to the soutliward, keeping as nuich in shore as might h(! sate inider the einumstancj's. On arriving off the ('a|)es of the (Ihesiipeake, wc experienced some very severe stpialls and frequent snow, followi;d l)y a hanl gak'. At length, on the fourth day, we were suddenly, whilst at hreakfast, called to the deck to stv si^veral waterspouts which were hovering about th(! ship in various directions and various forms ; one in particadar was hcnt in tlu? middle, forming a complet*' elbow, the whole length revolving upon its angulir axis, so that the elbow remaineU without any other motion ; K 3 I H i % '.-r f.fA-i.^tMdd^ 202 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS 'J I others were springing from the surface of the sea, where the water appeared to be exceedingly agitated, and rising up quite erect, wide at top and bottom, but hour-glass formed — that is, thinner in the middle, and some of them extended from clouds to sea, in one oblique line, but all were continually changing these figures to assume new ones. In another place, I observed the water spinning round and round as we sometimes see for a moment the dust on the road, near some high corner of wall, rising into the air, and as quickly dispersing, and from the centre of this whirl there arose a large mass of water like a flat pyramid, with the apex sharp, 'ind as it rose up became dispersed. This frequency broke up, or, as it is said, came to nothing, but, as sun; as a gun, recommc^nced close by, and ultimately, aft(;r frequent failures, succeeded in raising a solid column to an immense elevation, where it necessarily dispersed, forming a black circular cloud, with thin and spreading edges. These water-spouts amounted at one time to seven in number, and ran about sometimes with and sometimes against the wind, retreating and I I Ill to ith nd OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 203 advancing. 1 did not notice any two of thcin to run into one another, althoup;h at times tiiey seemed to pass within fifty yards. In this very alarming company, some a mile or more distant, others much nearer, we had much reason to fear that wc. might, notwithstanding every efTort to sail out of the wav, come in fatal collision with one which schemed to l)e coquetting around u>, frequently assuming the most alarming evolu- tions, and rushing ahout in many directions with incredihl(! velocity. Our Captain declared he had never heen so beset by these sea monsters, and soon resolved on trying th(i result of a cannon-shot. Consequently, one of our gun.; was loaded and double-shotted, which turned out as we thought, a most fortunate measure, for we had no sooner assumed the offensive, than our foe ran at us with extraordinary ferocitv, and in a most unusuallv direct line coming towards our lea beam, on which side the gun had been pre|)an'd for action, which enabled us to fire without materially altering the (course of the ship. The gunn«T had been well drilled on board of a ship of war, and was reputed a capital marksman. The gun was fired, both I -, i I I f I •% % ■ * ^ i if. !>:# iftiji ' ( M- j'V — "..',.- — -- if« ni 204 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS shot I hav(^ no doubt passing through th<» column, for in an instant the mass fell and dispersed so rapidly, that even the whirling of the water out of which it ascended, and by which it was fed, was, in the short space of fifteen seconds, no long(;r perce])tible. Three cheers, the most liearty and spontaneous I have ever heard, burst from all on board, the ladies even joining the demonstration ; then a purse containing about ten guineas was col- lected, and with a short but suitable compliment, in reference to the important service, was pre- sented by the (ildest of the ladies to the gimner. Very shortly after this, the other water-spouts, after capering about in a very amusing way, to those who might fancy themselves out of their range, n^tired to a greater distance from us ; and in less than an hour or two we could see nothing of any of them. As it usually happens after these water-spouts, the wind veered about and came from the southward and westward ; we gladly availed ourselves of that j'hange to return to Sandy Hook, where we fired two or three guns for a pilot as before ; but as > --A<-^. K* -^.- OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 205 ir no more notice was takm of this aj)peal than on the former visit, we now find a t^hot at the lighthouse, whi(^h had the desired effect, for in less than thre<' hours wc; liad re(;eived a pilot on board, and were sailing away across the Bay of New York tow-ards the city. The country, which I have no doubt during summer is very beautiful, was now dreary, and covered with snow ; and w(^ suffered from cold, more and more as we advaiici'd u])on siuillower water. I was seriously and rather unexpectedly alarmed at the accounts given by the pilot of the yellow-finx'r, which he stated was com- mitting dreadful ravages in the city. He assured us that out of a population amounting to fifty-two thousand persons, prior to the ap- pearance of the y«;llow-fever, fourteen thousand persons had been swept away, during the latter ten or twelve weeks ; and of that number one hundred and fivc^ were medical men. Whilst at Halitax, 1 had heard that New York was suffering from this midady, but I had not the slightest idea that the mortality had been so extensive. This intelligence instantly removed the ardent desire I had during a long i i 4; f i 7 . ! I J I \ 1^ ■ |i (I m ! I 206 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS time entertained, to visit this celebrated city. My mind was at once made up to quit New York as early on the following morning as I should be able, after complying with Prince Edward's commands by personally delivering the letters which his Royal Highness had so kindly entrusted to my care. Two hours after dark we anchored ; and at about eight o'clock the same evening we landed at a wharf in Water Street. OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 207 CHAPTER IX. Arrival at New York — Tontine Coffee Houee — Washing- ton — The Theatre — Generosity of Prince Edward — The yellow-fever in the West Indies — Cobbett and porcupine's quills — Proceed to Albany by water — Mrs. Livingston — Catskill — Mr. Brockway — General Cuyler — Grave of General Frazer — Crack in the ice — Choke a horse — La Prairie — Frozen Madeira — Cross to Montreal iu a wooden canoe amidst floatinj^ ice — The reftmlment of the St. Lawrence — Sullivan's Hotel — Conviviality at Montreal — Arrival at Quebec. The silence which (everywhere prevailed, the total absence of every city-like sound, the de- serted appearance of every house, where not even a rushlight was seen to glimmer, Hindered my entree into the great city of New York strongly resembling a midnight visit to the catacjombs or pyramids of Egypt ; but on ad- vancing from the wharf into the streets, where the pavement was covered knee-deep by grass I a t K n : ' t rf i rf I I f i I i I f^ I r I- ^tw'wit'ww^iiii n ii m Bi w» p 208 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS 3 i ■;t' .; and weeds, I felt a sensation of awe which 1 cannot describe. " The sweeping ravages of the plague could not have rendered this place more desolate," thought I, as I advanced cautiously, lifting up my feet half a yard high, at every step expecting to tread on some poor wretch, who, after watching and administering to th(^ last wants of the last relative, might have died there without a friend to close his eyes. In this w^ay we proceeded slowly, care- fully following two or three of the few porters who had offered to guide us to an hotel, and carry our luggage on a truck, wl\en at length I joyfiiUy perceived, still at some distance, a few thinly scattered lights, indicating that we were (^merging from amongst the dead. At a short distance further on, I believe at the corner of Wall Street, we entered the Tontine Coffee House. The coffee-room was full of company, every one with a cigar in his mouth, and a glass of liquor before him. Amongst the party I observed a handsome young Irishman, with a round merry face and fair hair. He talked more and louder than any one ; he drank more I' ■ t OF COLONEL LAN DM ANN. 209 a whisky, snioktMl more cigars, and sang more songs — there could ])c no question that he was extrennely popular. Ilis name was O'Ueily, and being dressed in the extreme of tlie fashion, he was dubbed and invariably addressed as Count O'Reily. 1 went to bed at an earlv hour, in order that 1 might cany into execution my determination of leaving New York before the close of th(' next day. l^y ten o'clock the following morning, I entered the counting-house of Mr. Heecli with the l(!tter from Prince Edward. That gc^ntle- man received me like a wealthy man of business, standing cov(nTd, and vvitiiout making a;iy in- quiry. I stated that T had another letter for a gentleman of the name of Badcock, upon which Mr. Beech pointing to a person present, said, " that is Mr. Badcock, Sir," to whom I presented his Royal llighness's letter. These gentlemen now open (id the letters I had delivered, and having read tiiem almost at th(.' same mo- ment, took off their hats, and Mr. Vnv.ch offering his hand, said, " The Priric the muskets of the soldiers, not ov« . ehe poiM^ Htill it was :» worulrrful leap. This fi'at W.is exhibited in the pit, where there were no seats, ulthough t'ornieti in very wide st(^j)s ; but there, smoking to any anionnt was allowed. On takin<^ leave of my kind friends, IJet^ch and Badcoek, they inquired as to the state of my finanees, adding that tlu'v had been com- manded by his Royal Highness, to supply me with any funds I might recjuire, without limiting tlu- amount, to be charged to his personal account. I was, as may be supposed greatly suq)ri.sed, nevertheless I declined to avail myself of the Prince's generosity. On my return to the Tontine, I wrote to his Royal Ilighnt^ss my warmest gratitude for his having placed so mu(;h confidence in my ])ru- dence, and did not omit to relate the particulars of the kind offers made me by Mr, Beech, and also by Mr. Badcock. I ne\'er received any communication from his Ro\al Hii^hness in reply to that letter ; but many years aftenvards, about 1813, having had occjision to ask a favour of his Royal Highness, I received a reply occupying three pages of letter paper, wherein ! i f* ^ 214 ADVF.NTURKS AND RCCOLMU TIONS !i ! I :i% his |{()\;il Hijriiru'ss kindly granted my ri'(|in'st, and fook tliat o|)|)()rtui»ity of t'xprcssing that it was with pleasure h(^ rcrofinizcd in me tlie same officer wl.n had heen pnsciited to him, on the l^rand j)ara(le at Halifax, hy Major Stratton, on the '2nd of Oetoher, 1797. Havin*; afj:re((l for mv passage on hoard a sloop to carry me to All)aiiy, hy the North or Hudson liiver, and wlm h was to sail on the following; morni!i_i>: with tii(> (Commencement (»f the Hood-tide, 1 resolved on dininsj; at the tahle (HuUe of the Tontine, for th<' first and last time. On enterin<3^ the dining-room, I was au:r»,'eal)ly surprised at meeting there an English otHe(!r in uniform, wiiom I soon ascertained had I hat day arrived froui the West Indies for the her\etit of his health ; and from the emartiated state of his j)erson, it was very (evident that had he sunk any lower, it must have heen into the grave. He appeared in very good spirits, and on my mentioning the yellow-fever, related the following anecdote. " On my arrival from England in the West Indies, I met an old friend and a hrother officer, to wiioni 1 communicated my great anxiety OF COl.nNFL LANI)M.\NN. 215 jiboiit the jcllow-t'cvcr, addin;^ I wns so (\vivr- miticd to cs<;ii|)(i death, it' possiljlc, that 1 was quite willinij; to adopt any inaiuK r (•♦' hving or of conduct which his experience could recom- incnd. My friend shru;iged up his shoulders, and >^(M'med for a few nionicnts inuch perplexed: at ieni^th said, ' 'rwelvi' months a<;(), thirteen of us landed to^(!ther, and we had tVeijuently, on the passai^e out, discussed what to each of us appeared the hest course to j)reserv«' our lives. Some were fav()urai)l() to a careful system of diet, others rejected every kind of self-denial ; some liad no tixed o|)inion on the subject, and a few ai)an(Ion(!d Iheinstlves to despair. In this way we became completely divided, so that seven out of the thirt(;en determined on livin<^ (!very day of their lives without any restraint, and drank to excess ; thi; remaining six thought, that by drinking water only, going to bed early, avoiding the night dews and chills, they should have a very good chance (»f some day or other retiu-ning to old England. What do you suppose was t\v' result? why the whole of the sober boys died to a man, and I am the only one of the drunken dogs left alive.' " i ■J I ii i i. L 5..-, IS 216 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS m . ii 1 1 Another story he told me of his having: been at a party, whcro a dozer of the best fellows in the world sat down to dinner, but that before the following night ten of them were under ground, while the eleventh eould not be buried through the want of a coffin. I am not dis- posed to vouch for the accuracy of these naiTa- tives, yet from various quarters I ha ye received corroborating testimony. On this subject, I remember that Lieutcuiant-Colonel Thomas, who commanded the 41st regiment at Montreal, in ISOO, one day when 1 was dining with him, related that during the time he had commanded the 54th regiment in the West Indies, in a ycry short space of timci he had lost by yellow-fever all entire complement of officers, non-commis- sioned offi(:<3rs and privates, three times over, he being the only individual remaining alive who had been landed in those islands with the regiment. I rambled about the city, in order that I mighi not neglect seeing every part of it ; and in passing through Pearl Street, a stationer's shop then occupied by the afterwards cele- brated Cobbett, was pointed out to me. Sill ^- 1 i'l OF COLONEL L.VNDMANN. •217 lat I and hner's cele- me. Cobbett was then the (»ditor of a newspiipcr, denominated the *' Country Porcupine ;" and in mentioning himself, he assumed the name of Peter Porcupine. The person in whose company I happened to be, related that, a few days only before that time a dnndy walk(:d into iiis shop, and asked to be served with a C|unrtf r of a hundred of quills. On receiving them, he ex- claimed : " Oh, Mr. Col)bett, I think you have made a misiake." " How so ?" replied Cobbett, sternly. " These are porcu})ine's quills, are they not ?" tittering. Cobbett looking grave and contemptuous, coldly observed, " No, Sir — they were — but are now goose quills," At the appointed time I embarked in tlie Albany sloop, and made very rapid progress u|) the North River, we soon passed the celebrated West Point, or Highlands, but the darkness of the night depriv(>d me of the satisfaction T had anticipated, from a sail through sucn romantic scenery. The cold was now very severe, so that by next morning we fc\ ind our way much ob- struct ed by the ice. and shortly a ifterwi \rds the vessel was frozen -up hard and fast. I VOL. I. L ..: ■•■■■- .. . ,.-. - ■■- -f»- 1 I !' - ijTB'.-tn » . >*yi»*<>?irhaNjja»^?«^! iBp i M. »ii »»i !i » i»i | i» B '| Jif' i .i ' 'j|i '«'i( 218 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS went on shore at Red-Hook, and proceeded next day to Levingston's wharf, and there experienced the kindest attention from Mrs. Levingston. On the following morning I continued my way in a waggon to Catskill, a distance of about twelve miles. Catskill was at that time a small village, beautifully situated amongst hills on the western side of the North River. After a delay at Catskill of about a week or ten days, our little vessel, the Albany sloop, had been brought up to that place by sawing out a canal in the ice ; and having obtained my baggage, I agreed to take a sleigh with a Mr. Brockway, a solicitor, residing at Catskill, with whom I had boarded during my stay at a wretched public-house, the only one of any kind there. He was not sorry at meeting one, who would share with him the expense of a journey to Albany, thirty- eight miles distant. On my departure, my landlord demanded one Spanish dollar, merely for my bed, each night, which Brockway declared was twelve dollars too much, and as by this time my baggage had been placed in the sleigh, and had proceeded to the solicitor's door, I gave the landlord five dollars for my fourteen night's OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 219 lodging, and pushed away, when he followed and threw the money into the sleigh, saying, he should very soon overtake us. We started off rnd, having excellent horses, we had performed nearly half of our journey, before my friend the landlord came up on a galloping horse attended by a constable, who immediately arrested me. Brjckway now took up my cause, and although I know not how many flaws or errors he discovered in the proceedings, but amongst a great many others he stated, the writ or warrant had been served by a constable out of the limits of his jurisdiction. Brockway advised me to pay the whole demand, together with cost of writ, and fifteen pence per mile for expense of following me ; but not until I had been detained a sufficient length of time to serve some legal purpose ; after this we proceeded without further delay and arrived at Albany in good time for a late dinner. Before leaving Albany, I gave Brockway a power of attorney to institute and follow up such proceedings against the landlord, as he should think fit, and I agreed to leave the solicitor the full and entire benefit of any L 2 I 1 'i : ' j I i pi i 1 f •220 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS fines or monies which might he fiwarded by a jury or otherwise. x\b()ut two or three months afterwards, I received a letter from Brockwav, announcin"; that he liad obtained a verdict, depriving the landlord of his license, and inflicting a penalty on him of one hundred pounds, New York currency. On the day following that on which I had arrived at Albany, I hastened to call on a General Cuyler, residing a mile or two below the citv and on the other side of the Hudson, and I delivered to that officer a letter of introduction, which I had received at Wool- wich from Colonel Johnstone of the Royal Artillery. General Cuyler was a retired British officer, and, I believe, had a son in the Guards. He received me with great kindness, and insisted on my passing the day with him. His daughters were very amiable girls, and one of his sons had the goodness to accompany me on my return to Albany, where, on the next morning he arranged with an old discharged British soldier to carry me to Montreal, in a sleigh and pair of horses, in five or six days, for the sum of fifty dollars, and that he should defray his own and his horses' expenses. Under i ^«.»'.,, ihx-^yj'SiVJj: OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 221 i these circumstances 1 left Albany, in liiirl) spirit, well pleased with the arranjrcment made for me, and very particularly at the ])rosjiect of my arriving, so speedily at tlie end of my long journey. I must here remark at the time I performed that journey, there were no public conveyances on that tract and very few in any part of the United States. 1 shall not enter into the details of this trip ; let it, therefore suffice that I mention on my passing the ground upon which the battle of Brandywine was fought near Saratoga, my driver pointed to a rising ground on our left hand, and called my attention to a post and two rails hanging from ii to the ground, which he said, as he groaned out a sigh, " There — those are the scanty remains (jf the railing which once enclosed the groimd in which the body of General Fraser was inteied after the battle, in a year or two more there will be nothing left to mark the spot." On receiving this hiforniution, I ordeK.il the driver to put up at a public-house at hand, kept by W. Carpenter, and soon agrec-d vt-ith a man to renew th(! fencing in of the grave for a few pounds, and by the; middle . i 222 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS of the following day I had the satisfac- tion of see'.ng the work completed. My old driver had followed me to see the new erection, and on coming up to the spot he fell on his knees, crying with joy, after which he gave me a fiiU account of the funeral at which he had heen present ; and also of the inhuman conduct of the Americans, who fired upon the concourse of officers and privates, together with the clergy- man, standing round the grave during the read- ing of the funeral service. Having completed this interesting affair, we proceeded by Skeensburgh, Burlington, and across Lake Champlain to Hillsborough, and we soon entered Canada, passing the Isle aux Noix, and arrived at St. John's, where ^slept one night, in order to pay my respects to the commandant, and quickly proceeded to La Prairie, a small town or village on the St. Lawrence, opposite to Montreal 1 must, how- ever, mention that in crossing Lake Champlain on the ice, here about four miles wide, I was suddenly startled by a swelling thunder-like noise, which sounded to me as passing with great rapidity from one end of the lake to the other. The horses did not appear to notice the ' , OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 223 sound as might have been expected, hut either stopped of thc;ir own accord or by the pulling up of th(; driver. I learned from him that the alarming sounds were produced by the cracking of the ice. I very soon noticed the horses of a sleigh that was before us take a leap at a wide crack in the ice. They failed, and were instantly plunging in the water. We now urged on oiu* good steeds, and on our arriving at the spot found that one of the horses had been cut away from the sleigh, and was extricated ; but none of the three Ameri- cans belonging to that carriage could get at the other. The reins of one of our horses were quickly slipped round his neck, with a sliding knot, which (*hoked him. No time was now lost in passing traces round his body, and presently he tloated like a bladder, when, by means of our united strength, we succeeded in hauling him out of tlic water, upon the side of the crack from which they had attempted to leap. The ligature round his neck was un- fastened, and by rubbing him over with straw till dry during some minutes, every one con- tributing his great-eoat to preserve some warmth, the poor creature revived, and rose on his feet. f 224 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS I had scrambled across somehow or other, when my man, alcmM:D«,V'w4^^A»«lDMHW»IUW»'/ , OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 231 side towards the St. Lawrence, Had any individual possessed sufficient courage or perhaps recklessness to ascend, and place his shoulder under the majestic slab of ice, nis individual strength would have been sufficient to have sent it back whence it car •" ; for on the first touch in adjusting the rope by which it was to have been hurled down, it went amongst its innumerable companions on the river. My first care after arriving at Montreal, was to find out any officers of Engineers who might be quartered at that pL'ce, when I was informed that Captain Humfrey was the only one, 1 immediately introduced myself, and was agree- ably surprised on finding there Lieutenant Lacy, of the Engineers, whom I had been appointed to relieve in Canada. He had just arrived from the island of St. Joseph, in Upper Canada, and was then on his way to Quebec, prepara- tory to his embarkation for England. One morning, when the thermometer was at 38° below zero, having been invited to breakfast by Humfrey, on my arrival there, although not more than a third of a mile from Pat Sullivan's hotel, I found my left ear completely frozen. x\t first I had thougiit that Humfrey and Lacy, i 232 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS \) who were the first to apprize me of it, were endeavouring to alarm me — a common joke praeticed on Johnny Newcome ; but on applying my hand I ascertained that my ear was frozen as hard as a piece of earthen-ware. By the application of a handful of snow, the usual remedy, and by keeping out of the house, in a few minutes the circulation was restored , but not without considerable pain. In the course of a few hours, the? skin ol" that portion which had been frozen, blistered ; and in e\'ei-y respect I experienced the same effect as might have been produced by a severe burn ; but that part vva.> ever afterwards much more liable to be fros> bitten than it would have been had it never been frozen. 1 had not been twentv-four hours at Montreal before I was invited to dine for every day in succession, during a week or ten days. Amongst the names of the persons from whom I ex- perienced much attention were Sir John Johnson, Superintendant-General of Indian affairs. Gene- ral Christie, an old general officer, upwards of eighty years of age, proprietor of corn mills at Chamblie upon a large scale ; and always, according to the fashion of those days, ** had OF COLONEL LAxNDMANN, '233 just discovered tAvo or three bottles of the old Madeira, therefore, pray come my dear Sir, and take your leave of that eajiilal pipe, which lias fi-equently procured nie the pleasuiH,' of your agreeai)le eompany." t' There were also Sir Alexander Mackenzie and William McGillevray living' together, and partners in the North-West Company ; Mr. McTavish, and Mr. Frobisher, also of the North-West Company ; Mr. Shaw, Mr. Roderick Mackenzie, Judge Ogdeii, Judge Walker and his brother Tom, Mr. ivlaitland, partner of Andjo, Isaac Todd, Doctor Gould, and many other merchants ; of the army, ^^ ere Ci)l(jnels Mcintosh and Hughes of the '2ik\ battalion of the 60th regiment, and Major O'Brien of the 24th regiment, who had married Miss Frobisher, an only child. From the greater part of these persons and from many more whose names I do not at present recollect, I experienced the greatest civilities. After many days of feasting and hard drink- ing, I was engaged as also Humfrey and Lacy, to dine with Sir Alexander Mackenzie, and McGilHvray. The party was composed of many U 7 i ,* r 234 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS il' 'f of the above named, and in all amounted to about twenty in number. In those days we dined at four o'clock, and after taking a satisfactory quantity of wine, perhaps a bottle each, the married men, viz. Sir John Johnson, McTavish, Frobisher, O'Brien. Judge Ogden, Tom Walker, and some others retired, leaving about a dozen to drink to their health. We now began in right earnest and true highland style, and by four o'clock in the morning, the whole of us had arrived at such a degree of perfection, that we could all give the war-whoop as well as Mackenzie and McGillivray, we could all sing admirably, we could all drink like fishes, and we aU thought we could dance on the table without disturbing a single decanter, glass or plate by which it was profusely covered ; but on making the experiment we discovered that it was a complete delusion, and ultimately, we broke all the plates, glasses, bottles, &c., and the table also, and worse than all the heads and hands of the party received many severe contusions, cuts and scratches. I have to this day a perfect recollection of OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 235 iy, having walked home alone, a distance of more than a quarter of a mile, and that I answered all the chall(;nges of the sentinels, in a soldier- like manner. On my arrival at my hotel, Pat Sullivan opened the door himself, but he very quickly perceived that I was by no means a safe personage to ha intrusted with a lighted candle. Having accomplished the arduous task of ascending to my bed-room, 1 locked the door and without delay proceeded to get into bed. I deposited each article of my dress in a proper manner on a chair, with the same regularity as usual, but with this small difference, I was far more litigious, and folded and unfolded each article some ten or twelve times, before I felt satisfied that I had done it in the best manner. Nevertheless, in the morning I discovered that several of them had become dispersed about the floor in a most unintelligible manner. Having completed these important arrangements to my satisfaction, I jumped into bed, and went off to sleep, without forgetting to place my famous horse pistols which I had purchased at New York, by the side of my bed. How long I remained in that happy state, I do not find recorded in my journal, but I remember having * i , f U ■ I ( \; ! 236 ADVENTLRES AND RECOLLECTIONS l)L'(!n disturbed during the night by some susj3icious noise, that U])on looking about me, 1 perceived a man working his way through an aperture about a yard square which had been made in a boank'd partition, separating my room from one adj(jining ; and which opening was commonly filled by a close cast- iron stove, so that two rooms should be warmed by one fire. Immediately on my satisfying myself that a man was actually endeavouring to force an entree into my apartment, I snatched up one of my trusty companions ; and before I could obtain any very clear answer to my brief in- terrogatory, I fired at his head ; upon which a loud screech, followed by a hollow groan was heard, and the man fell. A general confusion very soon afterwards sprc^ad itself throughout the house ; every individual it contained, came stumbling over each other, all directing their huriied steps to the point vy'hence the report of a pistol had issued, and 1 was compelled to allow them a free admission into my room. It was now ascertained that Pat had been most fortunately but shghtly wounded, the ball havintr merelv scratched the skin of his bald I. OF COLONEL I ANDMANN. 237 head. After dressinnr his wo\iiul \vitl» a j)i(H'e of court-plaistcr, Sullivan related tb.at, iiaving observed I eoiild not have walked alonj^ two yards of a single hoard, he had remained on the alert to \vateh my movements, and that having perceived 1 had got into hed without extinguishing my eandle, he had tried in vain to draw my attention to that important faet by battering on my room-door. At length it had oceurred to him that he could mak(! his way to my candle by squeezing his corpulent body through the hole in the partition alrcnidy men- tioned, without disturbing me ; but unfortu- nately I had been sufficiently anjused by the l)attering, and the result 1 have describt.'d. It had been settled at Sir Alexander MacKenzie's party, that on the following morning Lacy and myself should pr(;ceed to Qucibec, distant about one hundred and eighty miles, in consequence of which, by nine o'clock he came to press me to rise and prepare for the journey. Lacy was quickly followed by Mackenzie, W. McGillivrav and others who had been of the drunken party. By twelve o'clock we started, accompanied by Mackenzie and McGillivrav, a- far as Point-au-Tremble, 1 , i ! Vf. I I i i I r i 1 i D 238 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS where they took leave and returned to town, whilst Lacy and myself continued our journey with post-horses and sleighs. We had hoth suffered so much through this heavy debauch, that it was not until late on the fourth day that we amved at Quebec, (31st December, 1797). I was afterwards informed that one hundred and twenty bottles of wine had been consumed at our convivial meeting, but I should think a great deal had been spilt and wasted. •^*t*,.fc. -**»L^-,f - >.'fi - « f *W P .if| .l > « M »iy..'W Mm > M i,! OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 239 CHAPTER X. New Year's Day at Quebec— Licutenant-Gencral Pres- cott — Mrs. Stuart and her children — An introduction at Court— Ball at the Chateau— The Minuet de la Cour — Beef- Steak Club at Quebec — Sleigh accidents — Severity of the cold. At Quebec we took up our night's lodging at an hotel kept by a man whose name was Pond, situated at the top of a flight of steps leading from near the chateau to the lower town. I thus commenced my career at Quebec on the 1st January, 1798 — a great day in Lower Canada at that time — a day of extra- ordinary festivity, which was extended to the two or three following days. Amongst the Canadians it was, and perhaps may be still, the fashion for everybody to visit everybody during one of the three first days of the year, f: U IS i ■ ' II 240 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS when li glass of noyuau or other liquor was, with a piire of hiscuit or cake, presented to the visitor, which, after a hard dav's work in calling at some twenty or thirty houses, frequently terminated in sending a numher of very respectahle people home in a staggering condition towards the close of the day. After paving mv official visit t(» niv' com- manding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Gother Mann, who at the same time commanded the garrison of Quehec, and to whom Lacy intro- duced me, the Lieutenant-Colonel conducted me to the chateau, the residence of the governor, and presented me to his Excellency Captain- General Prescott. The General was a little man, not exceeding five feet four or five inches high, very slender and certainly not much under eighty years of age ; he w^as nevertheless active, a good officer, but exceedingly peppery. When we had secured a lodging for Lacy and myself in the house of one Mackenzie, a drunken old Scotchman in Palace Street, near the gate, we commenced our New Year's Day rounds, and amongst my numerous visits was one to the renowned Mrs. Stuart, one of the lions of Quebec. This lady was of large r-r,- OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 241 proportions, about sixty yt'^rs of age, dressed in the extreme of a fashion forty \ears gone by ; her hair frizzed up a yard h'v^U al)ove her head, increasin«j: in width as it rose in hei^dit, the whole well cove'red witii niarechal anrl |)ink powdci', with some decorations of laee and ril)!)ons scattered about thi' top, and sur- mounted by a sj)lendid pbime of ostrich feathers. Her body was cased in a l(»n^ and stitT pair of stays, displacing an elegantly-carved and ornamented busk, and leaving the neck and bosom almost complftely imcovered : an im- mense pair of hoops spread out her dress to the extent of a \ard at least on each side, so as to cover the entire lengtii of the sofa, upon which she was seated quite erect. Her sleeves just covered her elbows, and were profusely trimmed with rich lace ; from hei* ears depended a mass of gold and valuable stones ; round her neck were foiu' or fi\'e necklaces of coral, of amber, of pearls, of beads of various colours and some gold chains ; but there was one in particular, larger than all the others, and hanging so low as to require being supported from falling on her lap by a large clasp or hf)ok fastened to the centre of the VOL. 1. M ;*--* •■^•^i*- 244 ADVENTUllES AND RECOLLECTIONS U) i\ Ca])taiii S — in the 24th regiment, then stcitioned at Qu(;bec. At four o'clock I was introduced to the officers of the artillery and engineer mess by mv commandant, with whom I had the honour of dining on that day, and was, as a matter of form, proposed and admitted a member. Our mess-room was a very comfortable place ; it was arched over about thirty feci in length, and although there was a crack in the arch extending from one abutment to the other, I believe it has not vet fallen. The members were, to the best of my recollection, Lieutenant- Colonel Mann, Chief Engineer ; Major Schalch, Royal Artillery ; Lieutenants Caddy, Kidgel, Rogers, Truscott, als(t of the Artillery, Captain Bryce, and Lieutenants Lacy and m)self of the Royal Engineers ; in addition to these there were, as honorary members, George Hariot, Esq., soon afterwards Postmaster-General in \orth America, Doctors Graham and Sonc, and perhaps some others. x\t an early hour w(* broke uj) from table, in order to prepare for the grand ball and supper at the Gcjvernor's residence, and as it was necessary that 1 should be presented in / OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 245 due form, I was diivctcd to l)e at the chateau by half-past seven o'clock })unctually. Accord- inp:ly at tiie stated time, I was ushered into the |)resenration chamber, adjoining the ball- room, and there, amidst somt; fifteen or twenty ladies and gentl(>men, all under the same circumstances, I waited, standing, the im- portant moment ; for, in order to pr(^vent the possibility of any one being caught sitting in this imitation roval ai)artment, every chair und seat of every description had been carefully removed. At length the General and his lady, Mrs. Prescott, attend(>d by the aids-de-camp, the Deputy-Adjutant-General, Dcputy-Quai.'ter-Mas- ter-General, &c., and a numb(>r of other officers on the staff made thiir entree. His Excel- lency, standing rather prominently, and the retinue, forming the usual crescent, slightly retired. Each individual, as governed by acci- dent, was presented by the aide-de-camp in waiting ; the gentlemen made well-studied court-bows, upon wliich his Excellency had always some obliging inquiry to make, which, bowever, did not exceed two or tiuTc tjuestions. On being led up to tlie Captain-General, each II I I I; I It iV ,M'^'!^ i% -■'^ * t ^ 246 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS m ':§'. lady made a very low courtsey, her knees almost touching the carpet, and retained an erect posture ; immediately on rising his Excel- lency advanced and kissed her, and although eighty winters at least had passed tlieir chills through his hlood, it was remarked that he performed that tigreeahle part of his official duties with the warmth of his most youthful days. Each individual was in like; manner and with equal pomp presented to Mrs. Pres- eott. All th(3 ladies and gentlemen thus newly admitted into the aristocratic sphere, moved on into the ball-room, as quickly as each presenta- tion had been completed ; after which a flourish of trumpets was sounded in the orchestra, as two doors at th(-' opposite extremity of the room opened, announcing that the King and Queen, represented by the Governor and his lady, were about to make their entree. The King, preceded by the master of ceremonies, and followed by his numerous staff, entered by the door on the right, and the Queen, attended by her daughter, Mrs. Baldwin, who had been married to one of the General's aides-de-camp, and by four or five other ladies, in some way OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 247 either connected with the Governor's fiimily, or with the ])rineipal officers of tlie Govern- ment entered hv the door on th<' left. ''li.' trunnpets having instantly ceased, the full band struck up " God save the King !" and continued ])laying tliat celebrated national anthem during the whole of the time; that the King and Queen were walking round the room, addressing a few words to each person as they passed, who were all standing, and until th(?y arrived at the upjxr end of the room, where the royal seats were placed vmder tlie orchestra. The music now stopped, upon which th(^ master of ceremonies advanced to the royal personages, bowed to the gromid, and was ordered to lead forth the couple destined to dance tlu^ menuet de la coiir, a formality never omitted on these grand nights. The masti.T of ceremonies bowed again, and accordingly proceed^'d, and immediately led out a Monsieur de Chambeau and Miss Robe, who advanced to the King and Queen, saluted, and j)r()eeeded with the miiruet. The former was a perfect Frenclmian in manners ; had a large head, with a brown face pitted with the small-])ox, large; eyes, and v. ■*■ ■■^ • «•# ?»«fi«r.KS'«' / L 248 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS I urn l-'i' M 1 devated, arched cyc-brows, and an astonishing mouth, containing an abiindanc(> of exceedingly long teeth, of various colours, his body was small and short, his legs thin, and feet and hands were of good dimensions. Miss Robe was tall and elegant, had been very handsome, and danced the minuet to perfection, ;ind received loud and reiterated applause on being reconducted to her s(^at, and saluting after and before advancing to the royal re})rescntative. • Several iron stauncheons were at this moment brought in by the servants, and screwed into the floor in a line, through the top of which a rope covered with bai/e was passed ; by this arrangement the room was divided longitudinally into two equal parts. T'he long country diuice was forthwith commenced, one in each division, and vvas kept up with great spirit until past twelve, when all the com])any desccT.ded to the supper, which was prepared with great elegance, totally regardless of exp(>nse. In the course of the evenino:, Airs. Prescott kindlv introduced me to her son. Sash Prescott, about fourteen years of age, aide-de-camp to his father. Captain Baldwin, another aide-de-camp, had married Miss Prescott, and the third aide-de- : li II OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 249 li. camp was Francois do BouilUe, son of the Marquis, and a lieutenant in the r)4th regiment ; he had emigrated from France, and at the restoration of Louis XVIII., returned to his native country. The other otHcers of the staff were Lieutenant-Colonel W. Doyl, Deputy- Adjutant-General, who married a Miss Smith, and Lieutenant-Colonel Biimhury, Lieutenant- Colonel Joseph Barnes, of tiic Royal Ai-tillery, wasDeputy-Quarter-M aster-General am I Dcputy- Barrack-Master-General, to whom I liad brouglit a letter of introduction. One of the first objects of necessity (tn arriving in this country is to he provided with a good horse, and a fashionable high- runner sleigh. My inquiries in search of such an equipage were anticipated by an offer from de Bouilhe, to sell me iiis set-out complete, horse, harness, and sleigh, for the moderate sum of one hundred dollars, or little more than twenty pounds. The horse was handsome, and named Cupid, but Mas rather aged, and had seen his best days, and the sleigh, which was painted pale blue, although very pretty, and exceedingly light, soon afterwards required M 3 250 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS numerous repairs. All this was not surprising, ha^^ng regard to the price I had paid. Th«^ possession of this most indispensable accommodation enabled me to join the beet- steak club, consisting of some twelve to fifteen members, and we met in the country to dine at the distance of eight, or ten, or even fifteen miles from town. The chair was taken bv rotation, when the pr(^sident was ex])ected to furnish the rump of beef, and one bottk; of wine and another of ))orter, whilst the vice- presidt?ut was required to supply two bottles of wine, and two of porter; all the other members brought with them one bottle of wine and one of porter, two plates and knives and forks ; each member was permitted to bring a friend, for whom he was required to provide the bottle of porter and of wine. In this way all went on very pleasantly, for no one felt any inconvenience in being the president, to supply the rump of beef, which rarely exceeded thirty pounds in weight, and cost as many pence ; the price being one penny per pound for newly-killed meat, whereas that which had been killed in the commencement OP COLONEL LANDMANN. 251 of the winter and frozen, was only half that price. Very soon after I had made the jiurcliasc of de Bouillic's horse and sleigh, and had been duly elected a member of the cluh, the place agreed upon for our next weekly meeting, was at the Red House, about six or eight miles above Quebec, on the road to the talLs of the Chaudiere, and to which we had to descend })y a very steep road cut out of the fact; of a very precipitous bank of great elevation : this although rath<.T narrow, had no fence nor other protectir)n. Major Schalch of the Royal Artillery and myself agreed that we should go together, he sup])lying the horse and 1 the sl(?igh. Ac- cordingly on the Thursday following, we set out, the major driving. We found all matters to our satisfaction ; and proceeded to descend from near the plains of Abraham towards the St. Lawrence, bv the road above described : when suddenly I perceived that the shaft w.as unhooked on my side, in consequence of the backing of the horse to resist the too rapid progress of the sleigh. 1 instantly, in great alarm, for T was next to the precipice, coramu- t 252 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS nicated my discovc^ry to Schalch, wlio could not sec what had happened, hut thinking it would be better to put on a httle speed to relieve the horse from the sleigh which now begun to run upon his heels, agitated his whip, and upon wl\ich the horse stai'ted off, but in so doing the sleigh being drawn by one side of the shaft, unavoidably ran off the road over the precipi(;e, exactly at a place where it w.as the steepest and most alarming. In one instant the sleigh swung round entirely off the road, hanging almost perpen- dicularly from the horse whose hind legs had by the jirk been also dragged off the road, the horse making many efforts to sustain the weight of us two and of the sleigh, by the strength of his fore legs, I knew nothing of Schalch's speculations on the result, but I well knew^ that I thought my life was not w^orth ten minute's purchase, yet in order to relieve the horse from my weight and to snap at a chance, I disr.'ntangled my feet from the apron, which was as usual in Canada during the wint(,>r, very tightly and closely buttoned up — when away I went, plump down over the back of the sleigh, head foremost down the 1^ „.,.yk OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 253 precipice twonty-livf! feet, at least, without touching anything, and fell on my side into immensely deej) snow, fortunately missing the trees growing lower down, vvliere the hank was not quite upright ; with the utmost despatch I scramhled, rolling further down, but got my head out of the snow just in time to see Schalch come down as I had, and he fell past me, still the horse was holding on and such W(n-e the exertions the poor creature made that, had any two men been at hand, I believe he might have been replaced on the road ; but at length quite exhausted, he also tog(^ther with the sleigh came down turning head over heels. We had fortunately profited by the delay of a few seconds that had occurred before the falling of the horse to get behind a large tree. The horse lav neai'lv co\'cied over in the snow ten to fifteen feet deep, without the least struggling, and I thought him killed ; but after a while, and with much difficulty we worked our way round to a less perpendicular spot ; and having succeeded in procuring the assistance of five or six men, w(.' ultimately accomplished the heavy task of removing the 1 11 'V 254 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS horse and carriage to the bottom of the ))ank and thenc(» to the road ; and to our unsprakal)le surprise and delight, ncith(;r tlie horse nor the sleigh having sustained any serious injury. Although I had desired tlie shafts of my sleigh to be better secured, but a few days after I had another narrow escape whilst taking a drive about the town ; I met Lieu- tenant T. Paterson of the Royal Artillery, and invited him to jump into my sleigh. Having some motive for wishing to go into the lower- town, he requested I would drive him thither, and accordingly I procCc'di;d to the gate at the top of the steep hill leading to the lower- town. The road during winter was rendered very inconvenient by the necessity of cutting away the snow and ice in order to close the gates at night, a ceremony never omitted whilst I was at Quebec. Here in making the plunge into the gateway, the shaft again became unhooked, and was not perceived until Monsieur Le Houillier, the per- fumer, who was standing at his shop door, gave me the first notice of it. It was, however, too late, for my friend Cupid had taken the alarm, and was off at a hand canter down the steep I ! OP COLONEL LANDM.VNN. 255 I hiU. licforc ri'iichin^ the sharj) IktkI to the li^ft in the middle of th«; hill, Patcrson threw himself out, hut 1 remained in the sleigh in the hope of being able to stop the horse. 1 was mistaken, for he turned the corner \\ith sueh speed that the sleigh was upset — pitehing me out with such force, that mv head, fortunatelv well covered with my military tur cap, was dashed through the window of Monsieur Michel Forton, a very little man, and the only working silversmith in all Quebec. On this occasion the repairs of my sleigh amounted to several pounds. On viewing the St. I..awrence from this place (Quebec) I felt greatly surprised on being in- formed that it frequently was frozen across to Point Lew and even down to the island of Orleans. The narrowest part of the St. Law- rence alonfj; manv miles of its course is at Quebec, and measures thirteen hundred yards ; 1 learnt at tluj same time that very severe cold alone was not sutlicient to form what is locally called a pont. In addition to a very low temperature, at the moment of the turning of the tide at high water, theie must also be no ^ 25f) AnVENTUKES AND RECOLLECTIONS wind, whilst a slight full of snow should accom- pany the ahovc conditions. Whilst all the hcau mondc arc anticipating the pleasure of driving on a heautifiillv clear sheet of ice, and the inhahitants generally and the market-people residing on the opposite short], hail the pont with much satisfaction, and even enthusiastic joy, yet as that (^vent necessarily throws out of employment a con- siderahle hody of hoatmen, and particularly all those j)ersons connected with the manage- ment of the ferry, it is not mu'i^asonahle to expect that thosc^ people should ])ut in requi- sition every ctlbrt in tiicii* power, which may hold out a chance of preventing the freezing of the St. Lawrence at this place. With this ohject in view, as often as there an^ any symp- toms unfavourahle to their interests, they vigi- lantly watch the river, constantly having at their command a large force ; every man armed with a long pole standing at intervals of a few feet apart, along that portion of the shore which projects the most, and which is the most likely to impede the ice from following the current of the tidt^ when turning nt the commencement of op COLONEL LANDMANN. •237 ebb ; and this plucc is exclusively alon^' tin- lower town. Should !i thill sheet of newly formed ice at high wiiter stop at the first of the ohhinp^ of the tide, the whole of the gentlemen witii the long pttles coinmenee smasliing the odgrs, in order that nothing shall detain it from being floated away by tlu- receding stream, whi(^h b»'re rnns at the rate of four or five miles per hour ; and in this way thc-v have oceasionailv been successful. During th<' night of the 18th of January 1798, soon after my arrival at Quehec, the pont was formed, and at an early hour on the following morning, the news of the joyful event was spread throughout the city and cireinnjai-ent country; up(»n which, swarms of sleighs for pleasure and business descended to the river on both sides, and, witliout inquiring into the strength of the ice, darted ofl' on the newly- formed pont, in the fullest confidence that it was abundantly strong, altliough but six hours old. It was \'ery interesting to observe the bold- ness of the horses, in stepping from the shore on to a .sheet of ic(! as bright as a looking- glass, without shyness or perceptible alarm. 258 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS Persons residing in Europe are usually im- pressed with a belief, tliat skating is a very ordinary amusement here, \ct, as tiie first tall of snow, after a fine sheet is formed, covfTs it up for the winter, it is at best but ')f very short dui'ation ; and even then the severitv of the temperature renders the ice so hard that the edg(.'s of the skates make but little impression on it. The ic(.' in a fiw days after it is formed, usu.'iUy acquires a thiekness of two ffet to two feet and a half, and that which is carried awav to the ice-houses is alwav's in the larLrest managt;able masses, and as transparent as crystal. In summer, this clear ice is an important article of luxury, for although sliort, the heat is at times, very severe. The usual subscription to our military ice-house was one dollar, to defray the exjjense of filling tiie place, and for which ive had, a block of ice, every morning, as large as a persons' head, and aftt^r dinner at the mess, we had, in addition to the cjuantity necessary for cooHng the wine, water, and butttT, plates full of broken lumps of ice, the size of white sugar prepared for tea, OF COLONEL LANOMANN. 259 ';>, and which we used to throw into each glass of wine. 1 lielievc that on the ni^iit ahovc mentioned, when the river was frozen over to Point Levy, the teni])erature was lowt.T than it had heen known hy the oldest inhahitants, or recorded on the numerous no-isters kept in Quehec ; for on the following mornin^r i met Doctor Nortii, the chief medical otticer in Canada, and he told me, that on returning home from the grand l)all given by the Governor in honour of the Queen's birthday, he had immediately consulted his thermometer when it indicated a tempera- ture of 43" below zc'ro, Nov, as that is about the temj)erature at which mercury is said fo freez(\ the Doctor witJiout hesitation, broke liis thermometer in ordcT to ascertain if the mercury were fi-ozen, when he found tliat tin- ball of quicksilver retained the spherical shape and rolled about, re.-em])linL' a n(^wl\ cast pistol- bullet. I was afterwards informed, that a sj)irit thermometer had, on tliat occasion, indicated a temperature of 47" l)elow zero. During the continuance of such intensely cold weather, oflicers and non-coumiissioncd officers commandinir u:uards had a discretionarv I 260 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS power to relievo their sentinels as often as they nnight think it expedient, and aithou^:h in some (jxtreme eases they hav(^ been lelieved every quarter of an hour, yet some instances are on record of sentinels beinjj; found standing up in their boxes frozen to death. Amongst thf peasantry and market-people, I iiavo myself seen two cases of that nature in full daylight. One in particular, a Canadian, was sitting alone in his sleigh, on the road to St. Foix, with the reins in his hand and the horse advancing at a walking pace against a most cutting north- vvcstei" , and, excepting that his face had assumed the colour of hogs' lard or wliite wax, there was no indication of death or of his having suffered any j)ain, his eyes being closed us one sleeping, and he had proliahly been drinking a glass or two of strong liquor and fallen asleep — the frequent cause of death by frost. Having often heard it assert i.'d l)y persons who had exp<'rienced very severe temperatures at Petersburg, that a glass of water thrown out of an upper window would fall in the shape of ic(.' or snow, I here availed myself of an extremely cold t<'mperature ; when the ther- { ' ■ f. * or COLOxXEL LANUMANN. 261 i moractiT showed the quicksilver down to -25'' below zero. I went up to the first tioor, carrving with me a pint pot full of water nenrly boiling, when, dashing its contents upwards into the air, so as to divid*.' the parti(;les, the whole of the water thus dispci'sed, was instantly frozen and eanied awa\ bv tlie bn^cze in the form of snow. I soon had occasion to notice that an agitated atmospjic re and a low tempera- ture were incompatible with eaeli other, so that severely cold weather is invariably attended bv a caltn ; were this not the case, the effect of a sharj) north-wester, when the thermometer should indicate any tcmperatun; below zert>, would be quite insiqipdrtable by the human system. During very severe cold weather, in inhaling the breath the moisture of thi- air in the mouth and throat becomes frozen, producing a very remarkable sensation which in some degree is Mt like the first effects of breathing carbonic acid gas. By opening a window suddcnh of a well-heated room, the whole of tin; moisture contained in the atmospluTe of the room is instantly converted into sleet, and falls in the course of a minute. Hence it must be evident f i; -n^^ 262 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS that the winter iitmosphere in Canada is per- fectly dry, and may account for the extraordinary salubrity of that climate. One of the strongest proofs of the severity of the cold is, that at an early period of the winter, -'very l)ird seeks for a warmer climate, more to the southward, even the c^rows and the like species of birds withdraw themselves from Lower Canada, and when, towards the be}>:inning or middle of April, some of them are seen hopping about on the ice, searching along the roads for food, it is regarded as a sure indication that the winter is breaking up, and no return of extreme cold need be apprehended. OF COLONKL LAMJMAXN. ■2G3 CHx\PTER XI InconvenienLOS of the seven; cold in Canada— Ncw-cotne soldiers' tricks— The Canadian mark('t-peo|)le— The sleighs— Dearncs' of fnrs in Canada— Ice- hnt.s of fishermen — Opticd dece[)tions on the ice — Sleighs for tield-guns— Tommy Clod— Colonel T. D. — His miracnlons storic:i— New A'ear's Day, and halls at the chateau— Le .Afaitrc- Lord and Lady Dorchesi.T —The last Jesuit— Military honours jniid to the host. On the arrival in Canada of Englishmen, th('\ are exposed to numerous annoyances, caused hy the intensity of tlie temperature. One of the first is, touching a knocker on a door or a thumh latch without rrloves, when the i'.n perceptible moisture on the skin instantly freezes ti e lingers to the metal, to which the skin must be vft attached ; but they soon aecjuire the habit of ..ever handling anv metallic substance that has been a shcjrt time exposed to a low ', 204 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS ,1 I ^ ;i if tempt rature without gloves or mittens, and in thi; a))sence of tliiit protection a handker- chief or .skirt of the eoat is a good substitute. Recently amvcd recruits are considered by those wIkj have been played upon, on their coming into that country, as fair subjects on whom to practice a variety of tri( ks, many of them of a cruel natvue. One, wliich I recollect to have witn<.'ssed in the Jesuits' barracks, as they are styled, then occupied by the 24th regiment, and happened whilst I was in conversation with Lieutenant Forster, of the Gi'cnadiers, that an old soldier, addressing a new cc^mer, said : " 1 say, Tom, take this here hammer, and drive that ere nail in the wall out there to hang up this bedding," pointing to a large spike nail on the snow just under the spot where the nail was to be driven. Torn did as he bad been desired, but he could not withdraw his hand from the nail, which had l)ecn expressly exposed to the severe cold. He hallooed and uttered various cries of distress, but no one came to his assistance, and he was ultimatelv compelled to leave the skin of his fingers on the spike, just m. would have been the case had it been red-hot. The Canadian market OF COI-ONEL LANDMANN. 2G5 people soon diseover the new comers from others, and sell them frozen milk, which they pass oif as hon;'s lard, and to which it hears, in a frozen state, a strong: resemhlance. Our first winter at Quel)ee discloses to us many novel and very interestini^ matters pecu- liar to a severe elimati;. Thus I was much pleased with th(! elej^anee of the hi;i;h rurnier sleighs, only used by ihe upper classes of tht* Europeans. These vehick> resemble the body of a gig raised on four branches, or standards, of iron eight or ten inches long, resting on two skates. These were always drawn by one horse, exci^pting here and there when a tandem was started, and many of these carriages are made very elegantly. The horses are small, under fifteen hands, active, and frecjuently very good trott(!rs, yet a pacer is much esteemed, each having two or three small, clear-sounding bells suspended from a hoop of iron rising from the collar. These bells are recjuired by law, to pn^vent persons from being run over in the streets ; for the sleighs make so little noise in passing recently fallen snow, that it would be difficult for ])edestrians to get out of their way without that notice; and in the country VOL. I. N r 206 ADVENTUKES AND RECOLLECTIONS (luriiifj^ dark nights in woods the jingling is i;C|iKi]ly useful as a warning. TIk; extensive use here of furs by gentlemen as well as ladi«'s attracted my notice on my arrival. I called on Mr. Wolfe the furrier in tlie market-place at Quebec, and provided myself with a large blaek bear-skin muff, whieii 1 used only after dark or when travelling — of course not when I was driving. A nnitt", under such circumstances, is a most excellent and very important addition to our comfort, particularly in travelling against the wind, shi'lterin": our foces from the sev«?ritv of tlie cold, in .short, is equivalent to an additional great-coat. I also purchased of Mr. Wolfe a pair of mittens, which thoroughly keep the hands warm, and are made of double cariboo- skin, with flannel between the two, and the wrists arc trimmed with beaver, otter, or other compact fur. I also purchased of the same fur- rici* a military fur cap of martin-skins, for which 1 paid four guineas, and very soon discovered that every descri})ti()n of fur was more exj)ensive at Quebec than in England. Of this I will give a convincing proof. From the timt; of my being appointed to ) OF COLDNKL LANUMANN. 267 serve in Canada, 1 luid resolved on sending liome to my d('ar mother a handsome martin muff and tippet, for which I paid sixte(;n guineas. In a few months afterwards, my friend Lieutenant Laey sailird witli th«!m for Enj^dand, where on their arrival they were valued at less than half the cost price. The costume of the Canadian farmers and market people was in winter, and may still h(j the same, frequently eonsistinji; of a white deer skin leather (.((at, fan.-ifuUy painted by the Indians, fastened round the waist bv a party coloured worsted sash, a n;d worsted cap, or sometimes one of fisher or raccoon skin covers the head, whilst on the fec^t ihe\ have shoes of brick-red colour of home tanned very thick leather; tliese shoes are as soft on the soles as on the top ; are made like those of the Indians, and if they are well greased they keep out tiie wet and cold very satis- factorily. In arriving from a distance of a few miles in the country, the frozen breath and moisture from the horses' noses form thick icicles that hang almost to tlie ground, giving them some- what the air of young elephants. I was also N 2 i 1 '■■TTir 2G8 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS mucli struck at the appcariiiUM' of tfic soldiers, who inn; assume a novel aspect, all were provided with military fur eaps and ^reat coats, made of hlankets. In deseendin^ to the river Charles, whi(;h at Quebec unites with the St. Lawrence, our curiosity is aroused at perceiving the river thickly covered witli small huts, eight io ten feet square, built entirely of large slabs of ice sawn out of the frozen river, and s(,'t up edge- wise, and .covered in like manner : they are cemented by throwing water over the joints which instantly freezes, 1'hese huts I found to be occupied by persons fishing with a line through a hole in the ice to which the fish were attracted in order to |)rocui'e air, and I was greatly surprised on discovering that each of these huts contained a stove with a tire, n.'ndering the temperature of the interior considerably higher than I had expected, yet not sufficiently warm to melt away the floor or walls. All the roads were then marked during the winter, both on land and on the ice, with young pine trees, about ten to fifteen feet high ; the lower branches being stripped gave them the Si OF COLONKL I,\NI)M\NN. '209 , appcamntc of small trocs plniitcd in the earth. On tho uv tins aiTan[j:('ment i-nlivcns the roads, they are denotninatcd hy th«' Canadian^* halises ; and as the trees are planty preventinj; them from losinq; the road, when ever\ trace of it is frecjuently, (hiring a snow storm, e(»mplctcly eft"ac(.'d in twentv minutes. It was (luring a calm morning after a con- siderahle fall of snow, which had completely covered every trace of a read on the ice, extending from Quebec to the island of Orleans, that 1 took a walk, and withctut any premeditated object I set forward and found myself rambling about on tlie ice, thus newly covered with snow, hefore the halises had been pirmted. 1 had l)een more than an hour walking forwards, when a fog began to form sutficient to conceal froni my view every portion of land. T felt no uneasiness at this event, for I could still readily distinguish objects at a considerable distance as I supposed in every direction. Let it be clearly understood that the whole of the surface 1 was on, ;is far as 1 could see, was free from irregularities, free IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / :/. O <:. f/. % ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 If liil IIM •^ 1^ ill 2.2 Ir i;: 12.0 1.8 U ill 1.6 P^i% <^ ^. /} W^ «^^ A,' 7 y /A Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MA!N STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 i I ! 270 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS from masses of ice, free from any perceptible object, in short it was one uniform .surface, blending with the horizon, whilst the sky over head was perfectly clear. During some time I proceeded without taking much notice of the singular effect produced by the state of the snow. At length, on looking around, in the hope of discovering some object which might assist me in forming a judgement of distances, I fancied I saw a small animal in motion : I instantly took a few steps in that direction, when supposing myself to be within eight or ten yards, threw my stick at it ; but the missile seemed to fall almost at my feet, without in any degree attracting its notice. 1 then advanced quickly, and having recovered my stick, during a minute or two 1 remained plunged in the deepest perplexity of thought. After a while, however, I recollected I had in my pocket a small spy-glass, which I usually carried with me when out of town. To this valuable auxiliary I had immediate recourse, when, to my unspeakable astonishment, I soon perceived that, the little creature apparently within ten or fifteen vards of me, was a horse and sleigh, on the road to the falls of OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 271 Montmon.Micy, distant at least three quarters of a mile. I now turn(.'d back under some anxietv, intending to find my way to Quebec, and had proceeded about half a mile in that direc- tion, guided by the sun, when T thought 1 perceived the promontory on which the city is seated, yet it seemed to be much larger than it should be ; this, however, I attril)uted to the fog. Here again I was deceived for on advancing but some twenty yards, 1 ascertained that it w^is simply a fragment of ice, not a foot in height and perhaps ten to twelve feet long. I have witnessed many other equally singular optical deceptions, under similar circumstances, entirely occasioned by th«; absence of a scale to guide the judgment, in forming an estimate of the dimensions and distances of objects. A year or two after this I was at Niagara, the ground covered with snow, and having lost my way at night, on the plains, extending about a mile, be- tween Fort George and the town of Newark, I suddenly, as I thought, saw a man at some dis- tance; upon which, lest 1 might lose sight of him, before I should have time to inquire my wa\ , 1 sprang forward to intercejit him, when, to my 272 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS astonishment, I came in contact with the stump of a tree, about two feet high, which at th( moment of my advance could not have been further fn)m me than a couple of yards. About the winter of 1798 or 1799, it was thought desirable to make some arrangements for enablina: field artillery to act durino; the winter season, which would have been quiti; impracticable with wheeled carriages, ev(^n on the roads, since their guage was much greater than the span between tht; runners of the sleighs. Accordingly sleighs were constructed of such dimensions as should admit of the ordinary field pieces with their carriages entire, to be put upon them, and were drawn either by horses or bv men. As soon as all things were ready, the first experiment was made on the ice between Quebec and the island of Orleans ; it answered very well until a shot was fired to ascertain the strength of the sleigh, and also to notice the range of such guns when tired on the ice ; but at the first discharge the recoil was so enormous, I forget how much exactly, but certainly from fifty to one hundred feet, it was ordered that no more shot should be fired until some mode OF COLONEL LANDMANN, 273 could he drvistMl for checking that cvW. The next experiment with that view was hv a vertical piece of iron madt- to slide pcTpendi- (;ularly downwards, like a holt, the lower end being made in tlie form of a chisel, nnd on pre- paring to fire, this bolt was stmck down so as to enter a half inch or so into the ice ; hut the back of the chisel was pkiced towards the rear of the gun, otfering a peq)endicular resistance to the recoil. The gun was now fired, when the chisel-bolt offered such unvieldinir and rigid opposition to the powerful and sudden eflf«;ct of the recoil, that the field piece with its travelling carriages and sleigh made a leap a yard high at least, and throwing a summerset, fell on its back, and went on sHding and twirling towards the rear to a considerable distance. It now appeared, on duly considering the subject, that a resistance by severe friction, more on the principle of the mode of checking progress and stopping with skates, would he better and more likely to succeed ; ibis was accomplished by turning the chisel-bolt so as to present the obliqut^ side of the cutting-part to the ice at an angle of about 40°, instead of N 3 274 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS the perpendicular ])ack, and a weight of some pounds was placed on the top of th(^ bolt. Upon trial, I believe, this was found to answer tol«Tably well. As to the range of the shot, T do not recollect it exactly, but I think, that although the first graze could not, of course, be affected by the ice, vet th(; lenn-th of the ricochet, and extent of the final roUing of the shot was, I should say, (juite double of the same on ordinary hard gound. During one; of the various (excursions 1 made from Quebec, I saw some people on the ice at about ten miles above Quebec, and they seemtnl to be very busily engaged near a large hole which, at first, 1 thought, had been made for the purpose of procuring water. I was curious to learn the nature of their pursuits, so, leaving my sleigh, 1 contrived, not without some difficultv, to descend the banks of the St. Lawrence, to the river, and reached the spot. I then ascertained that they were fishing with a net stretched on a frame resembling an earthenware crate, with one of the small ends open, and which seemed to be just about the size of the hole through the ice. This framed- net was let down with the open end towards OF COLON KL LANDMANN. 275 the direction of the tide, so that, as the fish came up or went down with the current, they would enter the net and be caught ; for ii would seem they liad not the wit to turn back. The net had not been many minutes in the water wlien it was drawn up, and its contents cast out on the ice, amounting to several bushels of a small fish about tbe size of large smelts exactly resembling a cod-fish, through wliicli reason, I suppose, it is called Tommy-cod. Immediately on tlie net benig drawn up, I observed the cattle on the sbore running towardv; us from various quarters, and they devoured the fish with great relish. These people assured me those fish were very good, and they eat them with as much relish as their cattle. This induced me to carry away with me a hundred or two in the seat of my sleigh, but before I could place them there they were completely frozen. On the following morning, out of a couple of dozen I desired to be broiled for breakfast, three of them were restored to life whilst thawing them in a bucket of cold water, and they seemed to be as lively and active as they had been before they wert? taken. % 276 ADVENTURES AND RECOIXECTTONS i '^ i .-Ki It was, and ma) still be, a common practice amonjrst the farmers at the commencement of winter to kill all the cattle, sheej), ho^s, poultry, &c., which they intend for their own consump- tion, or for market ; these are immediately exposed to th.;!di*« OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 27y light of the sun had been in any way diminished bv tlicm. I shall record l)ut on(; mon^ of this rt'lcljratod natiindist's anerdotos, and I think it was his favourite story. Tlic colonel, speakinij: of Canada, often would 'observe, "that, Sir, is the finest country in the wtirld for the sports- man ; shooting, flyini^ or on ihe braneh, game of all sorts, wild animals, such as bears, deer, stags, earriboo's, moose-deer, hares, foxes, &('., and a vast number more. But the fishing surpasst^s them all ; trout are there in the greatest abundance ; fifty dozen have I taken in one day out of Lake Charles, near Quebec. Why, Sir, 1 went out one day to shoot salmon at a leap not far distant from Quebec, I had not taken up my ground many minutes, on the l)anks of a shallow and narrow rivulet, when I observed a fine salmon working up in an eddy, and getting ready to leap up the tails about ten feet high, upon which I knocked my gun, and, as he sprang out of the wat«ir, I let fiy, and down he fell. Strange as it may appear, yet it is no less true, that just at the same moment, a partridge flew right across in the same direction as the fish, and caught a dose 280 AnVKNTL'RES AND RFXOIXFC TIONS f|| of the shot, upon which it wont on flyinjz; h\it a short (llstancc, and tVll in a l)iisli exactly opposite, on tlie otlier side of the rivulet, which of coui-se I carefully marked. The stream was iiinning very swiftly, and 1 feared my salmon would he floated away* into deep wiiter where I I'oulil not follow him, so I hastened to secure him with my laudin^-net. I then took my time ahout the partridge, and having stripped my legs, 1 waded to the other side, and what do you think, Sir? why 1 found the partridjje lying in the hush on a hare. Sir, 1 had shot at th(^ same time, he was struggling in his last moments. Thus you see. Sir, 1 killed flesh, tish, and fowl, at one shot." Having said this, throwing up his spe(;taeles to the top of his forehead, as was his custom on these oc'casious with an air of exultation, he (exclaimed several times, " oh, it's a most marvellous country for the s])ortsman." On the 18th of January, the anniversary of the Queen's hirthday, a grand ball was given hy the governor at the (chateau. This was one of the puhlic nights, when all persons holding certain offices under government, all officers of the provincial militia, in addition to the military OF COLONKI, I.ANDMANN. 281 and iiaviil i)ffi(t'r>, had tlio privilcp' of attrndinj; without s|)(!(ial invitations. Many of those in(livi(hials looked forward to that day with extraordinary anxiety and impatience. Ainonjxst tliesc; was a Monsieur M , a Canadian, ahout fifty to sixty y<>ars of age ; u very large man, and he prided iiimself on dressing in tlie l)est (.'ourt style, and also <>n his superlative })oliti'- ness and elegance of deportment. Monsieur M was fond of the good things comp(»sing such a sj)l»'n(h(l supper, as never failed to be provided on these occasions. On this eelehratcd 18th day of .lanuary, 1798, Monsieur M exercised his privilege of being present at the hall and supper, and at the latter took his seat on one of the long benches covered with green baize, his back turned towards the middle of the room — for the tables followed the walls, l(>aving a consider- able space in the centre. It was not neet'ssary that every person should sit down, nor indeed would there have been sufficient .space ; the officers in general prcfered to remain standing behind the ladies, displaying their zeal in attending to their wants. We now, as if by previous concert, began 282 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS to invite Monsieur M to drink wine, who wiis exceedingly flattered by this frequent notice taken of him by the officers. Monsieur had been engaged many hours during the morning in paying noyeau-visits, as we described those calls on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd of January, for his acquaintance spread far and wide, and he had not been able to complete the round of his extensive circle during the limits of the three first days of tlK3 year. Monsieur M was, therefore well primed before he came to the govtTUor's ball ; and whilst some of the wags were engaging him in the flattering occupation of drinking wine with them, others at his back were tilling his outside pockets gradually and slyly ; first the leg of a chicken wms dropped in, thtm a slice of tongue, some hard eggs and bec^troot salad, a custard, a glass of port-wine, then a little punch and maccaroons, and so on until it was thought prudent to desist. Monsieur M at length rose from his seat, and commenced his Aoyage up the grand stairs to the ball-room ; but, from the dimen- sions of his person, his age, or the deranged head, I know not w^hich, he clung to the banisters with extended arms, whilst he 'z: OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 283 laboured, from step to step, his feet a yard apart, causing hira to swing from side to side, the skirts of his ample fawn-coloured silk coat, lined with white of the same; material, swinging from right to left and from left to right, partly caused by the weight of the well-filled pockc^ts. His ambition was first to arrive at the top, whence, with majestic gait, he traversed the saloon many times, to the great satisfaction of himself, for he was not blind to the attraction his presence had created, since the eyes of the company were almost exclusively concentrated on himself, which strengthened his previously- established conviction that he was by far the best dressed and most (!legant man in the room. The winters are so severe in Canada, but particularly in the lower province, that all out-of-door business at that season is necessarily suspended ; even the jvublic works of every description are stopp(ul. Consequently, as an officer of engineers, I had no duty to perform nor any kind of official occupation. The merchants gave themselves up to pleasuring vi'ith the rest of the ..ishionables, since there were no shii)s with goods to dispatch nor cargoes 284 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS expected. Parties of pleasure into the country, beaf-steak clubs, pic-nics at the farmers' houses ; in short, every kind of recreation was sought after and industriously pvu'sued. My best friend. Lieutenant Backwell of the Royal Engineers, had arrived at Quebec a few months before me, with his amiable wife, formerly Betsy Le Maistre, of Jersey ; and he introduced me to Colonel Francis Le Maistre, Mrs. Backwell's uncle. The Colonel was governor of Gaspe, had been many years a resident at Quebec ; and at his house in the society of his amiable family, consisting of his lady and two daughters, with one son, then a boy of twelve years of age, I passed many very agreeable hours. Le Maistre was especially fond of good living, and had grown to an extra size ; and whilst engaged in the pleasures of the table, he frequently entertained his friends with many anecdotes of days, long since gone by. He related, that a few years prior to the time he was then speaking of, when Lord Dor- chester was governor at Quebec, a young ensign, who had just arrived from England to join his regiment in Canada, was, according to custom, OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 2S5 invited to dine at Government House. Lord Dorchester was a very precise man, admired, perfect carving, and was partial to all the Httle niceties of society. His lordship had already formed an unfavoural)le o])inion of this young man. He was too degacje, and somewhat careless, he had already spilled a little gravy, hut now he threw over a Inimper of port wine, which sent forth a long purple streak across the white damask. The (jovernor w;is un- fortunately sitting nearly opposite, and imme- diatelv exclaimed: "Good God! Sir, where could you have been brought up ^" fixing a sharp reproachful look on the ensign, which in nine cases out of ten would have? started a youngster from the table ; but our friend, who was of an aristocratic family, was not so easily dismayed, and resting his case on its simplicity, respectfully replied : " My lord, I was brought up at my father's table, where we had a clean table-cloth every day.'* A few days aft(T this, Le Maistre proceeded, our ensign was on duty at the main-guard near the chateau occupied by the Governor, when Lady Dorchester and her children, some of them very young, were passing on foot in '•T*f»r'-*ri'--. -i-^-p.v I 286 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS front of the giiurd, and had to cross a ver}- insigniticant gutter, which, however, was fre- quently the channel of a v(Ty offensive drainage, descending from the entrance into St. Louis Street, and crossing the open space between the chateau and the court-house. Lady Dor- chester and her children proceeded towards the saluting battery, and one of the childr(!n of tender age, in attempting to leap ov<'r this drain, not a foot wide, slipped and fell on his back in the middle of it. The ensign, who was lounging about in front of his guard, ran to the assistance of th(^ child, and replacing it on his feet, with his own handkerchief wiped off the mud, and endeavoured by kind and affectionate words to silence the distress and grief of the child; but in an instant, Lady Dorchester, the proudest woman of her days, on seeing the efforts of the young officer to soothe the infant, and recognising in him the impertinent ensign who had dared to insult the Governor at his own table, and that too in her presence, darted up to him full of rage, angrily demanding : " How dare you, Sir, touch my child with your unwholesome hands and filthy handkerchief? How dare you, I say, OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 28' a very k'as fre- rainage, Louis between dy Dor- irds the dr(!n of '^(T this I on his ;n, who ard, ran eplacing f wiped nd and ss and Lady r days, ficer to lim the ) insult lat too 3f rage, r, touch ids and I sav, again to repeat \uur insults and vulgar iin- p(^rtinences ?" " Oh, my lady, tiie mischief can bt; very easily repaired," coolly retorted the offender, and without allowinfr his teinp(>r to he in the slightest degree rufiled, he took up the cliild and laid it dow-n again at his full lengtli in the gutter, then made one of his htst hows to mv lady, and retired into the guard-room. It was during the early part of the year J/y/ / j 1798 that the last survivinir member of the / - ' rfci..»**.?4"ir»?-e^»-.-*(,. -^-^ ■ %■ n^^NffllUPK^.'JffV-tit*." s OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 289 ting so esidencc ocession a great I was High tlie followed 3 clergy, 11 classes 3ur was w if the of the it when- r)f them, ordered, 1 ranks, 1 on the leir hats, rocession for con- fers and ertheless CHAPTER XII. Order to go to the Island of St. Joseph— My first gnmhliiig — Sir A. Mackenzie gives me a passage in his canoe — Drunken party at La Chine, and its consequences— The Ottaway river — The details of canoe loads — Point-aux-Croix — Some of the rapids — Arrival at St. Joseph's — The garrison — A scientific traveller — Purchase of the island from the Indians — Execution of McLean for high treason — Salted rations — Natural vegetation . On the 25th of April, the snow having melted away so as to leave various places hare, I received a note from Colonel Mann desiring: me to he with him on the following morning, when he put into my hands an order to proceed to the island of St. Joseph, the furthest military post in Upper Canada, seated at, or near, the junction of Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan. I also received some ";eneral instructions and VOL. L o '-;..^tffV^ft9 t-l— .»■ (lays, -down OF COLONEL LANDMANN, 293 k at commerce, when the Indies left the room to attend t(t tlie sujiper arrangements ; upon this, havinp: tlie cards in my hand, I remarked to Eyro jmd liackwell, who wcn^ stanthng at the table, " do you remember last night," as I turned up for the com])any and self? Eyro at onco said : " I'll set a pound," " So will I," exclaimed Backwell. " Done," I replied, when before three cards had been turned up, 1 had won. " Double or quits," tiiey ])oth ex- claimed, " it's done," said I, and I won again. I was very young indeed, for 1 four times accepted to double, but had the good fortune each time to win; another d(nd)lip '^ was pro- posed, but I saw the folly of g('ing or, and 1 said no I should set one guinea each, which I again won, and so went on till T had won twenty-six pounds, at which moment the ladies coming in, I surrendered the cards, and we proceeded to supper. This piece of gt)od fortune enabled me to repay my friends, and I very solemnly resolved, never to play again for more than a very trifling stake. I have ever since that day most rigidly observed my determination. On my arrival at Montreal, Sir Alexander 204 ADVENTURES AM) RECOLLECTIONS Mackcnzio was so kind ;is t<» give; ma ;i passage in one ol' thu liglit-canoos of the North-Wcst- Coinpiiny, about to proceed to the Crand- Portagc, on Lake Superior, by way (»f the Grand or (3tta\vay river ; and it was arranu^'ed I should take niv seat in a eanoe witli Mr. William, MeGillivray, Mr. Shaw, and one of the company's clerks, Mr. Wells. All the jireparations for this stupendous journey, being completed, on the 1 2th of May, the earliest day in the spring, when it was judged prudent to set out in order to avoid meeting with obstruction trom the ice, 1 left Montreal in a cal(}clic with MeGillivray, and in the moderate space of three hours, arrived without broken bones or sore injuries, at La Chine, distant nine miles from Montreal. The road we had followed, the onlv one betwe(;n those places, which scarcely deserved such a name, was at iirst rough enough, but on advancing it entered a sort of wood, where every one followed his own fancy. The surface was covered or scattereil thickly with stones, each of them lai-ge enough to upset any kind of vehicle, and these were partly standing in water, so that in proceeding it not unfvequently hap- OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 295 peiR'd, that in tuniiiig this way to avoid one of those masses you plun;^((l the wheel of your r'arriaj^e, o.i the other side, into a derp liole in the ground, concealed hy the wat<'r. At La Chine wo found the two canoes, destined to proceed with us, by the shore <)p|)osite to a house belonj^inu^ to the North-West Company ; and wherein an al)iuid;int luncheiHi was waiting our arrival. S(!veral othcers in the army, amongst them Colonel Gordon ainl Lieutenant Mc Arthur, of the GOth regiment, and some of the North-\V(,'st Company, not about to form part of our exj)cdition, had ace()m])anie(i us, all of them, I believe, natives of the High- lands of Scotland, so that 1 was the only foreiyner amongst them. We sat down, and without loss of time expedited the hmch in- tended to supersede; a dinner, during which time the bottle had freely circulated, raising the old Highland drinking propensity, so that there was no stopping it ; Highland speeches and sayings. Highland rcminisccnc<'s, and High- land farewells, with the dioch and dorich, over and over again, was kept up with extraordinary energy, so that by six or seven o'clock, I had, in common witti manv of the others fallen from 296 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS I my srat. To save my l(!gs from being trampled on, I contrived to draw myself into the tire- place, and sat up in one of the corners there being no stove nor grate. I there remained very passive, contemplating the proceedings of those who still remained at table, when at length Sir Alexander Mackenzie, as presid(,'nt, and McGilli\Tay, as vice-president, were the last retaining their seats. Mackenzie now proposed to drink to our memory, and then give the war-whoop over us. Mien foes or friends, all ncAertheless on the floor, and in attempting to push the bottle to McGillivray, at the oppo- site end of the table, he slid off his chair, and could not recover his seat whilst McGillivray, in extending himself over the tab e, in the hope of seizing the bottle which Macl.enzie had at- tempted to push to him, also i:i like manner began to slide on one side, and fell helpless on the floor. During this long and unprovided for delay, the clerks of the North-West Company had thought it best to send off' the two canoes with all the baggage to the bout-de-Vile, (the end of the island), and had made arrangements for us to follow in caleches by land, a distance of u OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 297 eighteen miles along the bank of the river. Accordingly, at about nine o'clock, the night being very dark, the wind strong, and a drizzling rain beating in our faces, those destined to com- mence their long and perilous voyage by the Grand Rivls down the bank some fifteen feet deep, fortunately into very shallow watei* cover- ing the mud. People from the adjoining houses yielded their assistance most good-humourcdly with lanthorns, ropes, ladders, and the apparatus necessary to drag the horse and carriage up a bank that was almost perpendicular. It was probably long after midnight when everything was restored to a travelling position and we (^ OF COLONEL LANUMANN. 301 proceeded. The nerves of the driver had suffered a severe shoek, and he went on hi fear, for he repeatedly declared he could not see his way. Thus he was constantly on the alert, and in a very short time he hawled out we were going over the bank a second time. I had done so well on the first event of this nature, that I instantly made but one spring, and fell, not on the road, but into a large piece of water, which took me up to my knees. From this I was easily extricated, and dripping wet with water and mud, I remounted the caleche and away we went as betVjrc. During this wretched night wc had many more escapes, and we arrived at the end of the island long after daylight, at about six o'clock, having been ten hours on the road. Our appearance, as we aj^pioached our friends who were all on the look foe us, created a considerable degree of merriment, particularly my head, which strongly resembled a mop which had been first dipped into water and then into a dust-hole. All however, upon inquiry, had been in like manner turned over, some in the river, others into ditches or pools of water, and every one had to a 302 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS f ■}> • lament the loss of some article of great utility on such a journey. Having prepared myself for resuming my journey, the twelve voyayeurs, a^ the canoe- men are called, were ordered into their respective stations, and the hourcjeois, or masters, em- barked four in each, and avvav we started, with hearty expressions of goodwill from those who remained. Our people reiterated Indian war-whoops as long as the windings of the waters we were on, allowed of our remaining in sight. After passing the Lake of the Two Mountains, we entered the narrower, but more rapid waters, and then commenced the heavy work. Without enumerating the names of the various rapids, cascades, and shallow waters, I shall merely state that from the starting-place to Lake Huron, there were fifty-four places, even in the spring of the year, v Ikui the waters are high, where the whole of the contents of the canoes had to be carried bv the canoe- men in order to pass some of the rapids or cascades, and of these there were thirty-six where even the canoe also was unavoidably carried, where the navigation was totally ob- *.- »»'n*j*r' "*wn;jtj>: ,?«**■ «l OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 303 h struct«>d. One of these latter places, I think named the lloehe Capitain, was three miles long, but the (jthers were ( liietly of mmh less extent than a mile. In one of the portages I was shown u sharp, axe-formed rock, project- ing edge upwards ai)o\'(.' the surface of the ground about six or eiglit inches, and upon which, one of the men engaged in carrying a canoe, fell with his neck exactly on the edge, whilst the edge of the canoi^ fell on the opposite side of the poor creature's ufck, by which he was completely decapitat(>d. A rough cross made of wood marked the sj)ot where his body was liuvi".'!, close to the fatal stone. These canoes were exceedingly stn-ng and capacious, they were about thirty-six feet in length, by six feet wide, near the middk? ; and although the birch bark which formed a thin external coating (jver their ribs of white cedar, and their longitudinal laths of the same wood, appeared to compose but a flimsy vessel, yet they usually carried a weight oH five tons. It may be as well to state that this cargo was very carefully stowed, in order to remove any unequal pressure, which woukl have been fatal to such a vessel Four poles, three or four inches in diameter at the thickest ends, denomi- 304 ADVENTURIiS AND RECOLLECTIONS Tiated by th<; Ciiiiadiiins, grand-perch, and nearly as long as the canoe, were laid side by side in the middle of the bottom of the canoe. On these poles, the cargo was rarefully that all the :ht rested on th( arranged and none allowed to press against the bare and improtected sides of the canoe. Every package was made up of the weight of ninety pounds and none heavier. The five tons included the provision for ten men, sufficient to support them during about twenty to twenty-two days. Each canoe was provided with a mast and a lug-sail, and also each man had a ten-foot setting-pole, of good ash, shod with an iron ferrule at each end, for assisting the men towing with a strong line in ascending the rapids. The paddles were supplied l)y the canoe-men, each bringing his own. Each canoe had also a camp-kettle, provided by the owners, as also a few Hambro lines, a bundle of watap, roots of the pine-tree, for stitching up any seam that might burst, a parcel of gum of a resinous nature, for paying over the seams when leaky, a piece of birch- bark for repairs, hatchet, crooked knife, and a. few more indispensable articles. The crew consisted of a guide, a steersman, OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 305 and eight common |);iddlcrs, but all vvorki'd alike. The guide was paid about as much as four ordinary men, and tlie steersman half as much. Sixti;en to twenty pounds was about the wages of a good guide. On arriving at a carrving-plaet!, everything was unloaded with expedition and care ; and whilst six men were required to transport the canoe, the others hastened to carry the goods, each man bearing two packs, and sometimes, as a display of strength, three. The eanoe 1 was in had twelve men, as also the other one in company, and no merchandise, nothing but provisions and our baggage, which gave us a wonderful advantage in passing the carrying-places, as two tri[)S was always found to be sufficient to carry the whole. The carriers of the eano(} had the sever(3St work, and as it weighed about fifteen hundred j)ounds, it is clear each man of the six was expected to bear, on level ground, about two hundred and fifty pounds ; but imder many circumstances, when the ground was at all uneven, the whole weight was unequally divided. It was very interesting to m(; to see the extraordinary facility with which these men reversed the canoe and in an instant shouldered it, which s , m 305 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS reqtiircd great expcrtness, as any slip or accident would have destroyed the vess(;l, beyond the power of repairing. The only incidents that 1 recollect to have occurred on this journey, are that on arriving at the first encamping place for the night, my shoes were still so damp that 1 placed them with the upper leathers towards tlic tire, but at such a distance as I tliought beyond the range of mischief, yet on the following morning I found the toes and heels draAvn together, and the leather so brittle that on attempting to straighten ,the soles, they broke to pieces like earthenware. I had no second pair ; I was r(!du(;ecf to the necessity of going bare-footed until I arrived at St, Joseph's. The most unplnsant part of the journey was when we arrived at the highest land, where there was a chain of small lakes called the vazes or mud ponds : they were very shallow, the spaces between them were swamps covered with long grass and rushes, in passing which without shoes, I felt much alarm, lest I might tread on some of the numerous tribes of deadly snakes. This tract was moreover, infested by musquitoes, sand-flies, and brulots ; the former are veno- '■"^f^i^y^'itrm OF COLONEL I NDMANN 307 like mous in a high degree, l)ut th<; lattiir wert-, ^ possihlc, more Jinnoying, fur in striking tlip m, at the same moment, they made a hole so lafge, that the hlood would run down to tlie tip of the chin, from a singh; hitc Point-aux-Croix, in Lake Nipisang, is so named in couse(}uenee of the loss of a canoe in a gah^ of wind, on a rocky shore, vvlien elevcni persons perished ; to commemorate the event and mark the spot where these people wen; interred, a rough wooden cross was erected on each grave. Point-aux-Croix is a low, barren, rocky. Hat surface, treeless, and I think shrubless, and even not much grass. Hen; we found a family of Indians, from whom we purchased two tine sturgeons, weighing about sixty or seventy pounds each, and for which we paid a bottle of rum, (half water). The day was too far advanced to proceed further, and we accordingly prepared to encamp on this spot. Whilst the tent was erecting, I observed one of our men cut off the tail and a peice of fish weighing about seven pounds, and toast it at the fire ; in the course of an hour he had eaten it all ; and seeing me standing at a short distance looking at him, he held up the bone with a grin of exultation. In Uke manner 1 \ I 308 ADVI NTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS J", the othors pluycd thrir parts, and finished cvory morsel of the one; huiKh'ed and forty pounds of sturgeon, lonir bef(;re the hour of departure in the morning. From this place we soon entered the French river near its source, and commenced to run down its rapid stream. The Parisien Rapid is one of the worst of those inclined shoots, it is very narrow, and r»'quires an extraordinary dcgnr of skill, to descend it with safety through its turl)ulcut waters, and av^oid two large rocks under water, one at each isnd, hut on contrary sides, render- ing it necessary to cross through the middle of a high ridg(! of water formed by the velocity of the current. We also had to run down a long tract of exceedingly swift water, though not rough ; the channel is so narrow that I do not think there is more than two or three feet to spare on each side of the cjmoe, whilst we were darting along at the rate of ten miles or more per hour — fortunately the rocks forming the sides arc a very smooth decomposing granite with a few thinly scattered pines or white cedar stunted shrubs. This rapid is eight or ten miles long and is called the Dalls. * 'S)\,■;s^{■• OP COLONEL LANDMANN. 309 No m«'n in tlic world an* more sevorrly worked than are these Canadian voya^nirs. I have known fheni to work in a canoe twenty hours out of twenty-tour, and p;o on at that rate durhig a fortnight or three weeks witliout a dav of rest or anv diminution of labour ; hut it is not with impunity they so exert themselves ; thev lose much tlesh in the performance of such journies, though the (juantity of food they con- sume is incredible. They smoke almost inces- santly, and sing j)eeuliar songs, which are the same their fathers and grandfathers and probably their grent-grandtathers sang l)efore them ; the time is about the same as that of our military quick marches, and is marked by the movement of their paddles. Thev rest from five to ti'u minutes everv two hours, when they refill tiieir pipes : it is more common for them to describe distances, by so many pipes, than in any other way. In regard to the use of spirits they art.' always allowed a dram of high wines, a strong distillation from corn, in the morning and one at night. They are short lived and rarely are tit to \oyage after thev have attained their fortieth year, and sixty vears seems to be tlie average of tiieir existence. ft mi 310 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS It must not, however, be supposed that they are tempted by higli prices or by any other allure- ment thus to shorten their lives ; I believe they are ambitious of being styled, homme-du-nord, a Northman, one who voluntarily leaves his family, and the comforts of a tranquil life, to voyage in the Indian country, and pass at least one winter in the North, usually understood to b(; beyond the western banks of Lake Superior. These men, tiommeS'du-nord, n^gard themselves, and are regarded by their friends, as very superior beings — men of a high courage, who have proved that they hold the effeminacies of civi- lised hfe in contempt, and that they can cheer- fully submit to every kind of hardship ; as they live upon Indian-corn and grease without any salted or other meat but that procured by the gun — they a])ply the epithet of mnncjeurs-de- lard, or pork-eaters to all those who have never jxissed a winter in the north. This short life does not in any way apply to the remainder of the Canadian people ; for the climate is so salubrious, owing chiefly to its exceeding dryness in winter, that I have known a considerable number of them live to a great age. One poor man, an authorized beggar, J — OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 311 they arci r allure- eve they -nord, a 3 family, jyage in 3 winter beyond These t's, and uperior ) have 3f civi- cheer- is they Jt any bv the irs-de- never ply to or the to its nown great ggar, known by the CanacHans as P^re Andre, was ninety-eight years of age when I saw him, and when I made a sketch of him at Quebec, in 1798, P^re Andre was then hale and strong. He almost daily, without respect to the severest winter weather, walked into town, some four or five miles from his home, with his large bag over his shoulder, for carrying back tlie collec- tion he made of provision. At Montreal, 1 saw a ln'ggar who resided on the Mountain, about three miles from town ; and this man, also, habitually walked into town daily, alth(jugh in 17'J9 he was one hundred and sixteen years old. He was greatly respected in consideration of his age ; and no one would think of offering him a less sum than a small silver coin of the value of about threi; })ence. So healthy and dry is this climate, that it was a general remark that we could dways hear every word of the church service and sermon even in the winter — no one, Canadians or Europeans, ever seeming to be atHicted with a cough. 1 must now return to our canoes, vvhieh after passing the vazes we re-entered and proceeded down the Frencli rWvr to Lake Huron : thence 312 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS II to the island of St. Joseph, we followed the north side of Lake Huron, a very interesting tract of country, composed of granite forming innumerable islands, most of them exceedingly dimunitive, and producing very little vegetation — dwarf pine or white cedars. These islands are very useful in protecting the navigation by small craft from exposure to the heavy seas or more properly waves, raised by the winds which are frequently se\ere, and the water is so deep close to these rocks and islands, that I se\'eral times have sounded in eight or nine fathoms water whilst standing on a mere I'ock, moreover, it is so clear that the bottom can be seen distinctly, at th<^ depth of five or six fathom or more. As we advanced we gained a view, in the offing, of the celebrated Manito\ialin islands, and without losing sight of tlu^m, arrived at the island of St. Joseph, distant between two hundred and tifty and thr(!e hundred miles from the mouth of the French river. This island is seated at about forty miles from the falls of St. Mary, at the entrance to the straits between Lakes Huron and Superior, and is about fifty- two miles in circuit. 1 was very politely received by the officers of the httle garrison occupying a , ..-:-T-, .■,• V, -^ 3NS OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 313 owed the nteresting 3 forming X'eedingly vegetation 56 islands gation by /y seas or ids which s so deep I several )uis water reover, it distinctly, ore. N, in the islands, rrived at vecn two iles from island is Is of St. betwctn Jilt fiftv- received upying a temporary fort, some three or four miles distant from the post 1 wns about to form, more towards the West. Here my friends of the North- West Company most kindly made me many little presents of small intrinsic value, but where nothing could be pureha.sed they were of th«; highest utility, and then proceeded on their way to their destination at the Western extre- mity of Lake Superior, known as the Grand Portage. I shall never forget my obligations to those amiable men, and on j)nrting I felt most severely the loss of their society. Having remained a couple of days with the officers of this post, J left them to take p(jsses- sion of my quarters in a hut wliich had been built by my friend, Lieutenant Lacy, during the preceding summer ; and I lost no timj in making all the arrangments for carrying my orders into effect. The garrison consisted of one company of the 2nd battalion of the Canadian volunteers, com- manded by Captain Peter Drummond, who, I believe had served in the American war, Lieu- tenant Johnson, and Ensign W. Dace, and thirty- five non-commissioned officers and ])rivates, in addition to these there was an interpreter, a store- VOL. I. P I\ \\ 314 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS keeper, and an Indian department armourer. My hut was about twenty feet squares, formed of logs in the usual way, but had no ebimney ; this defect was remedied by a wide spare ])aved in the middle for the fire-plaee, and a hole two feet square in the roof to let out the smoke — for there was no ceiling and no boarded floor, but it could boast of one window with oiled paper, a tolerably good substitute for glass. The first night 1 occupied this mansion, I awoke under considerable alarm, fidly believing the place was on fire, but my servant who un- avoidably slept in the same apartment, there being but one, soon undeceived me, by ex- plaining that the quantity of sparks I fancied 1 saw, were fire-flies, of which there was a vast number. After the arrival of my luggage, which I had despatched by the usual military rout, via the lakes, I was far more comfortable, having amongst other matters provided myself with a small but useful library. I rose every morning at break of day, and occupied myself until eight o'clock in cutting down trees and reducing them to the proper dimensions for fire-wood, and carried the same to form a high wall round rcr. My rmed of bimney ; re paved hole two imoke — led floor, ith oiled )r glass, nsion, I believing who un- it, there by ex- '. fancied as a vast ch I had , via the having elf with morning itil eight reducing re- wood, ill round OF COLONEL LANDMAN N. 315 three sides of my hut, to shelter it during winter, and supply the fire. In this way I gained appetite for breakt\ist, I nequired strength, and improved my h(;alth and constitution, and moreover, I failed not to sleep soundly every night. After breakfast, my time was exclusively devoted to the works. The only interruptions, or more properly sus- pensions, of these very regular ])ursuits, I exjierienced during the summer of 1798, was caused by th) arrival of a Mi'. Mason, a natura- list, whom I unflerstood was employed in some way by government. Mr. Mason was at that time about sixty years of age or ))erhaps more ; very kind in his manners, very i)lain and unas- suming ; and I thought him very scientific. He accepted of a slielter and what trifling nourishment I could provide, with unaffected diffidence, and submitted to the thousand incon- vt^niences of the want of everv comfort, without an expression of regret, excepting his frequent mention of the fear he entertained of incom- moding mc. He showed me a species of rat, or an animal greatly reseml)Hng one, which he had very recently procured, and vvhich had a large pouch or bag on each side of its under- p 2 ■f 316 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS 1 I M jaw about the size of a pigeon's egg, and pend- ing almost as low as the ground. This bfig was a mere membrane, exceedingly thin. Mr. Mason told me it was an animal hitherto unknown, and that he should send it to the British Museum, namhig it after himself — Masonian. Soon after Mr. Mason, came a short strong- built man, whose business no one eould fathom, nor could anv of us find out the country that owned him. His name, he said, was Birkett, but he seemed to have no obj«T.t in view, or real pursuit. A little later, came from Amherstburgh one of the Governm(^nt vessels, partly laden with the goods to be delivered to the several Indian tribes, owners of the island of St. Joseph, in payment for the purchase thereof; and with the goods cam(t some three or four othcers of the Indian department. Amongst them was a Mr. Pollard, afterwards the Reve- rend Richard Pollard and Mr, Selby. These gentlemen were charged with the; ceremony of completing the purchase, by paying the price and executing the title deeds. The whole of the Indian tribes to whom the goods were to be delivered, having assembled on the ground OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 317 adjoining the old fort ; the merchandise, consist- ing of hlankets, broad-cloths of every colour, guns, flints, powder, shots, ribbons, a few large silver medals for chiefs, steels for strikinLj tire, some silviT l)rooehes, ear-rings and drops, and a very moderate quantity of rum, reduced to one third of the ordinary strength ; tlie whole (4' these articles were worth, according to their vnhie at Montreal, five thousand pounds. The deed, on parchment, drnwn up no doubt in the usual form was produced, and read by Mr. Prideau Selby, the secretary to the Com- missions, and interpreted to the Indians by Captain La Mott, the interjDreter ; when it appeared that the island of St. Joseph is tifty- two miles in circumferen(;e. Each of the chiefs of the various tribi.s was recjuired to execute the deed, which he did by drawing the animal or hieroglyphic representing his name or that of ids tribe, and the officers comprising the garrison, including myself, signed as witnesses. After partaking of some refreshments of .1 very humble description, and the Indians having, on the other hand, heated themselves with the spirits, began to be noisy : we found 318 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS .1 I i i it quite imp()ssil)l{; to resist their forcing th(;ir company upon us, and although they in no way committed any acts thiit might bit alarming to tliosc hahituated to their harm- less familiarities, vet our visitors the commis- sioners, hegan to view tlieir position as dangerous and entertained some serious alarm foi" their personal safety. Some of the; first-rate Indian dancers came forward and gratified us with the Eagle dance, the Beaver dance, the War dance, and some other extraordinary feats requiring great muscu- lar str(;ngth , the whole of them in their gala costume and painted in the most whimsical manner. Our commissioners, unused to lie surrounded by six hundred or seven hundred savages, could no longer control their fears, and without rrnich liypL)crisy started off, and lost not a moment in securing themselves from these wild-looking people, on board of the vessel; hastily requesting Captain Drummond to protect the property which they had no time to carry off with them. Prior to the departure of the commissioners. my worthy friend Mr. R. Pollard related to me, with much humour, an event which in the forcing ;h thcv might r hunn- lominiss- ngcTous jr their I's came e dance, d some muscu- leir gala himsical I to l)e hundred ars, and lost not II these vessel ; ) protect carry oft' ssioners. d to me, in the OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 3iy preceding year hud tilled all Canada with surprise, horror, and some merriment — the discovery of a conspiracy, having for its object the assassination of all the ofticers at Quebec, both military and civil; hut f never learnt th( further particulars of the sclu^me. Only one individual was apprehendi;d Him condemned as guilty of high treason, and ..as executed accordingly. I shall ])roce(jd, preser\ing as far as my notes and memory will serve, m Pollard's own words. "Last smnmcr (1797), one McLean, supposed to be a native of the United States, was arrested under a ehargt- cj" high treason ; he was tried, and f;ondi'mn(;d to suffer death according to the barbarous ;ind disgusting form of the law practised in tho^e days; that is, to be hanged for a quarter of an hour, (;ut down, his face beaten with his hear., his head cut off, and his bodv divided into four (piarters. During many years ]mor to this event, the sherifl', Mr. S — , an aged and amial)le man, had not been called upon to carry into eftect the extreme' ])enalty of the law, so that there was no regularly-retained public executioner at that time in all Canada. The chance of a respite being quite out of the question, the .sheriff at once advertised for an operator ; yet, V ■ 320 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS .! ) I i !l up to the evening innnnediatoly pr('c(!flin'; "-"".T.fp *fti : ig eight imnut<'s 3 sheriff, icld :ind [nent, or portion tlie man the re- mely." nee and repHcid . en, and trust in much ^ringly : s," the lich the OF COLONEL J.ANDMANN. 325 nto de- it h the sod for The officer reminded the sheritf that in two minutes the man must be cut down. In an agony of despair the sheriff imp]oi*cd of the executioner to give him credit, and de- claring in one hour he should be paid. " Well, then, another hundred for the cn-dit, ;ind your solemn oath you will keep your word, and I'll go on." The sheriff gladly eomplii.'d, and the crape- faced man held out his polluted hand, into which he spit for luck. " Come," said he, " it's no bargain without we shake hands, you know that well enough, old fellow." The poor sheriff had no resource but to com- ply. Let any one figure to himself the wounded feelings of a man of high principk.'S of honour, and acute sensibility, shaking hands with the hangman, under the body of a man he had just suspended, and was still swinging. In the next moment the bodv of McLean was cut down ; and as the performer had pro- vided himself with a butcher's knife and an axe, it was justly suspected he had already under- stood he was to complete the whole operation ; but that a sudden thought had entered his mind, that he might turn the haj)less condition of the It V I I 326 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS poor sheriif to a profitable result, in which he succeoderl. Hcwinp; a tolerably deep cut into the breast of the man's body, in form of a cross, he clapped the ])ack of the knife between his teeth, and actually began to feel about for the heart, and being unsi jcessful, he exclaimed: "D — n the fellow, he is so fat I cannot find his heart !" upon which he was informed a sm;ill piece of flesh thrown into his face would satisfy thv' purpose. The executioner chopped off the head, and holding it up by the hair, should have proclaimed to the horrified multi- tude : " Behold the head of a traitor !" but, not satisfied with that short announcement, he shouted : " Here's the head of a traitor to his king and his country !" which he thrice repeated with a strong Irish accent, and then cast the head upon the body, with tiie most perfect air of indifference. It was nevertheless generally believed that the man was an American, who had imitated the Irish accent in order to conceal his identity. My table whilst on that island was very sparingly supplied: there was but little fish in the adjacent waters, and no vegetables were to be procured. The only addition to my government ration was a few pigeons, but even )NS OF COLONEL LANDMANN. 327 svhich he cut into f a cross, ween his t for the [claimed : I cannot informed ice would chopped the hair, ied multi- M o> but, ement, he tor to his 3 repeated cast the Dcrfect air generally ican, who ;o conceal was very little fish ables were n to my but even these were only obtainablt^ in tlic month of September and October, wh*'n tlic birds were passing from north to south, as I had arrivtxl too late for the tlocks going northwards. My weekly ration consisted of four pounds of sidted pork, three pints of dritMl peas, six ovmccs of butter, six ounces of rice, and seven pounds of tlour ; the pork and butter were as rancid as might be expected, from having been salted about fifteen to twenty years. It will not be difficult to believe that with such materials it was no easy matter to make any great variety betwixt the dinner served on one day from that produced on the; next; it was, therefore, reduced to pork and pea-soup on one day, and pea-soup and pork on the day following. This was not, however, the most serious part of the case, for the four pounds of pork when cut up into seven pieces, and then boiled, shrunk up to a Vauxliall-sort of slice, merely serving to gr(!ase the soup a little and give it an agreeable rusty bacon flavour. It was, nevertheless, fortunate for me, my palate, by degrees, accommodated itself so effectually to this abominable flavour ; that afterwards I was not at all satisfied with the taste of good, fresh butter and recently-salted pork which I found insipid and disagreeable. 1 f 328 ADVENTURES AND RECOLLECTIONS. in the course; of my rr.rriblcs, in my littU* birch-bark canoe, I had made various trips to a lar^e island between the fort St. Joseph and the American shore, lying about south-west from my hut, and which was exclusively covered with pine timber. I had often been anxious to make some experiments on the natural succession of vegetation, after the first had been burnt down. Accordingly I set fire to the woods during the dried part of the summer, and so completely destroyed the whole of the vi;getable production. Having returned to the Island of St. Joseph on the following year, I examined the ground and perceived, towards the latter part of the summer, that the only vegetable then growing was the Canadian poplar or the P pulus monilifera. END OF VOL. I. LONDON : Printed by Schulze and Co., 13, Poland Street. '^1 ; )NS. my little trips to a h and the vest from y covered n anxious e natural ; had been T to the summer, :)le of the led to the g year, I , towards the only Canadian 13, GREAT MAULBOKOLGH STREET. COLBUM AND CO.'S LIST OK interesting 3/^ettt XDnh. TO BE HAD OF ALL BOOKSELLERS. reel. Il LONDON' : Priiitpd bv Schul/.e and Co., 13, Polaiul Street, M j 1 _^:5^*«JF'^ ;-urt:-'-^:- ",i^M TH E ARMY AN D NAVY. Published on tho lat of ovory Month, Price 38. 6d. COLBURN'S UNITED SERVICE MAGAZINE, AND NAVAL AND MILITARY JOURNAL. eet. 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We arc hoiiiid to say, that ixa ii jxilitiral liionrrapliy we have rarely, if ever, met with a hook more dcxltTousiy handled, di- lunre replete with iiitorc.st, Tin- exertions of Lord (ieorire i'ontinek in heh.'df uf every assailed or deiiressed hraneh of Hiitrsh and (..'olotiial industry— the \ast pains \\hich he took in iirociiring authentic iid'orination — and the enormous amount of private labour he underwent in the j)reparation of t!io.se materials which have thrown a novel iigiit upon disputed doctrines of econotny — aie faiihl'uUy clirotiicled in this most interesting vidumc. The hi.-tory of the famous .session of IHlG, as written by Disraeli in tliat hrilliant and pointed styh.' of wliich lie is so consummate a master, is dopjly inicrestin;.;. ilc lias traced this mi-m.irable stru^rt^le with a vivaeitv and power iuic([ii.'ilL'd as \ct in any narrative of l^ulia- mentary proceedings." From Tiik Diiiu.iN I nivkusitv .Ma(;a/.i.\i:. — "A polilicd hiograpliy of Lord (ieorge ricntiuck hy Mr. Disraeli must nec(;s he a w^rk of interc si ami importance. Either the suhjcct or th(! writer wuuld he sutlicicnt to invest it with lioth — the oomhination sm-rounds it willi jiceuliar attractions. In this most interesting volume }.ir. Disraeli lias jjroduced a memoir of his ftieiid in whicii he has cond)ined the warmest enthusiasm of aliVctionate attachmciit with the calmness >i. IJorn a I'rincer.s, reared "under the purple," married in the bloom of licr jiroud beairty to one of the most powerful monarchs in Europe, wu'ldim^ liurmg her maturity the sceptre of a miglity state, and ultinmtely wandering througli foreign lands in her decline a forsaken exile — forsaken alike by her children, and by the haughty subject whom she had herself raised from obscurity, and invested with almost sovereign authority — to perish at last of disease ami want in the obscure street of an o])seure city : such was the fate of Marie de Medieis ; while around the principal i)crson;ige of the work is grouped a galaxy of those undying names from which France derives much of her pa.sl glory, and many of her most interesting traditions. In these pagoa the reader will be i;:ade ac- quainted, not only with tlic public mea-urcs of these great men, which have become matter of liistory, but also obt;iin an insight into their pvisatc tliougbts, feelings, ami principles of action, llciuy IV., Sully, Hiron, Richelieu, Co)ide, Epernon, Hasiompierre, huynes, I'ohan, (iaston d'Orlcans, Louis XIII., Soissons, the Guises, .Montmorency, Marillac, Rubens, and many other distinguished warriors and statesmen are here shown "in their liahits as they lived ;" while the array of female cclebritic's i.s scarcely less lirilliant, (;ombining as it docs, the names of Marguciite dc Valois, Anne of .Vustria, " La 15clle Ciabrielic," the Marquise de Verneuil, Anne of Cleves Duchesse de Guise, the Princesses of Conde and Couti, the nuehesses of Nemours and .\iguillon, the beaut ifid and unfortunate Countess du Fargis, and the martyred foster-sister of the (Jueen- Regent, the still more unhappy Marechale d'Ancre. This work, for which a wide canvass was essential from the vast amount of material which it involved, and which combines the records of two reigns and a regency, will be found to contain not only all the leading evejits of the period of wliieh it treats, but also those more nunute details which tend to throw a light upon maiiy jiublic mea- sures, of which the motives, without such a revelation, would occasionally appear obscure, and even contiadiclory. The \aricd career of .Marie de .Mt^dicis, considered under its several phases, is assureitli Illustratioiii, 2l8. hounil. EIGHT YKAIIS IN rALEST[Ni;, SYRIA, AND ASIA MLXOR, niOM ISI^ TO is.-.o. HY 1' A. N KA M:, ESQ., l-Ali: ATTMIIKH TO TIIK f ONJIUI.AK SKUVICE IN SsYRIA. Opiniona of the Proas. " ():i(* of ilif best accoiiiils of llic eomitr) and iioople that has Ijucii published of late years." — S/jfcla/or. " A !ii'j:hly ciitertniiiiii!^ h'lok. presenting u lively iiictufc of Levmitine life nil its vitiieil asjiects." — J't/in Hull. "A very ai^rcoal)!i; hook. ^ir. Neale in evidently ijiiite familiar uitli tlie K.ut, and writPs in a lively, shrewd, and uood hiuiioiired numnir. A great deal of inl'oiniation ij lo l)e fonnd in hii pajjjes." — yl/htiiii-nni. " Deeply interestin;; volumes. We have rarely met with u work from which we have derived so nuieh pleasure and profit." — Slesfcut/e/; "We have derived nnmingled ple.isure I'runi the peni'^al of llie^e interesting; volumes. Very rarely Iium' we found a narrativr of Eastern travel so truthful and just. There is no guide-hook we would s* .strongly reeoiumeiid to the Iravrllcr ahout to eiiier on a Turkish or Sjriaii tour as this liefore ii.i. The information it afl'or viihiuu's. :'ls that ve have ks of this class have mailc hiui tiie popiilatioii. nothing more more divcrtintr t of the l)eateii Mties anil towns. Irppo, I'x yrout ; Iretia, Daphne's one so familiar le information." COI.BURN AND fO.'s NEW PUBT.TATIONS. CAPTAIN SPENCKirS NEW WOHK. In 2 vols. Kvo, with Illustrations, niid .t valiialilf Map of Kuropeau Turkey, from the most reeent Charts in the posNcssion of the Austrian and Turkish (ioveruments, revi.MMl hy tlu? Author. 28*. hounrl. TllAVELS IN EIMIOIMIAN TURKEY IN 1850: THHOI^GH IIOSNIA, SERVIA, BOLUAKIA, MACKDONIA, RolJMKI.I A, ALBANIA, AM) KI'IHl!,; WITH A VISIT TO HRKKfK ANO TIIK IONIAN IHI.KS, \ND A IIOMK- WARU TOIUI TIIROUdll HCStlAllY AM) Till; SCI.AVONIAN rROVINCK'* OK AIHTKIA ON Till: 1.0VVi;U DANIMK. Bv EDMUND .SPENCEH, E8(i. Author of "Travki-, in Circassia," \e. "These important volumes appear at au opic rnme moment, as they dcscrihe sf)m • of those (H)nntries to which pnhlic attciititm is nov, more particiiliirly direrted: Turkey, d'reece, Hungary, and Ansdia. The author has i^iveu us a most interesting picture of the Turkish Kmpire, its weaknesses, and the em- barrassments from which it is now sntFering, its linancial dillicultic-, the diseoii- tciit of its Christian, and the tuihulcnce of a Rrcat portion of its .Mohammedan siilijeets. M'e arc aNo introduced for tin- lirst tunc to the warlike mountaineers of llosnia, Albania, I pper Mocsi,), and the ilmost inacec.^>ible districts of the Findus and the lialkan. The dilterent nationalities of that Habel-like country, Turkey in Europe, inhabited by Sclavnniaiis, (ireek-i, .Albanians, Macedonians, till! Koma.ii and Osmaidi — their various eliarai teristics, relij^ions, superstitions, tou;ether with their sii;a;ular customs and ii.amicrs, their ancient and contem- porary bisiory are vividly described. The Ionian Islands, to the honour of the national character. From thk "Globe." — Captain Austin's little squadron, which sailed in May, ]H.">0, in search of Sir John Franklin, consisted of the Resolute, com- :T.rinie(l hy Captain Austin ; the Assistance, commanded by Captain Ommaney ; and two steamers under the command of Lieutenants Osburn and Cator. To assist in whiling away the dreary time in the arctic regions, the otticers and sailors of tlie expedition contributed to a journal which was circuliited amongst them in manuscript, and once a month the weather-beaten tars enjoyed the Iiixm'v of their own newsp.Tper. That journal has now been brought before the general public under the title of " Arctic Miscellanies," in a shape more worthy of its intrinsic merits, beautifully printed, and carefully illustrated. All the varied incidents, pleasant and painfid, of life in the frozen zone, are vividly and good-humouredly chronicled in the " Arctic Miscellanies," which contiiins besides some eajiital seamen's stories superstitious *' yarns " and drolleries. As a record of the i)astimes, adventures, fancies, and feelings of our true-hearted gallant sailors, while undergoing the most appalling hardships in the frozen seas, the volume is invaluable ; and it is unusually interesting as demonstrating the high intellectual capacities, the mental vigour, and the refined tastes of our rough-looking blu':' -jackets. From thk " L'.vitkd Skrvick Magazink." — Beautifully got up, and profusely illustrated, this most pleasant book really charms as much hy its appearance and its nuitter, as its novelty. We cannot take leave of this Arctic Souvenir without expressing our admiration of it in every point of \ie\v. Such productions should be encouraged hy those in authority, and a copy of this work ought to be found on board every ship in commission. i t ONS. --i lEARCII. XPEDITION. MIRAI.TV. P. O'BrtlKN, E-fQ. l)ound. Admiral Sir John itor, Lieutenants r. Ede. ting or instrnetive lin Franklin, coni- ;he honk are those the course of the tic travel. Many upressed with the iiterials, and the i than the interest lohn Franklin and ouk, and one that which sailed in e Resolute, com- iptain Omnianey ; n and Cator. To the otticers and irculisted amongst tars enjoyed the rought before the lape more worthy rated. All the one, are vividly which contijins d drolleries. As our true-heartcil |)S in the fro/en ;>s (lemon.stratiiij; ned tastes of our got up, and as much by its .ve of this Arctic of \icw. Such 1 a copy of this I COLBURN AND CO. S NEW PUBIJCATIONS. D A K I E N ; THE MERCHANT PRINCE. By ELIOT WAKBUIITON, Esq. Author of "The Crescknt and thk Cross," &c., Skcond Edition. 3 v. "The present production, from the pen of the author of ' The rrescciit and the Cross,' has the same elements of a very wide poi)Mlarity. it will p!easc its thousands. It is a tale of substantial interest." — (ihfif. " The best work of fiction wliicli has proceedc passages of rich imaginative beauty. This eloquent narrative will he fxteiisi\cly nail, and deserves to be so." — Daily Nt'u:s. "A most interesting narrative, and one in which the versatile talents of its author arc conspicuously and agreeably fip])arent. The cbariicters arc delineated with delicacy and skill, and there is a vigorous vitality in the (liiiloy;ue whicli carries the reader along with a niuvemcnt at once ca^\ and rajiid. The docrij)- tions are remarkable f(ir splendour of illustration and brilliancy of language, and i the incidents are involved with such ingenuity as to preserve the interest to the last." — Morfiin// Post. '■ Few writers have so many admirers as Mr. Warbnrton. His 'Crescent and the Cross' is one of the standard works of the English language, and we shall be disappointed if the charming story of • Darien' does not obtain an etpial degree of success. The vicissitudes and stirring adventures of the hero, forming such a marvellous episode of real life — the beauty and striking characteristics of the heroine- and the vein of jiaihos and romance that pervades the wlndc tale, give the book a peculiar and irresistible charm. i5y those who love excitement it will he read with breathless interest Mr. Warburton excels m the delineation of those incidents which call up the first jiowers of the novelist, and enchain the sympathies of the reader. His situations are admirably conceived, and wrought out with singular skill. His characters are strongly marked, and show- the felicitous touch of a master." — luifrd Service Mayarini'. "The scheme for the colonization of Darien by Scotchmen, and tht; opening of a comniuiiication between the East and West across the Isthmus of Panama, furnishes the foundation of this story, which is in all respects worthy of the high reputation which the author of the ' Crescent and the Cross' had already made for himself. The early history of tht- Merchaiil 1 riiice introduces the reader to the condition of Spain under the Iii()uisition ; the portraitures of Scottish life which occupy a prcjininent place in the narrative, are full of spirit; the scenes in America exhibit the state of the natives of ttie new world at that period; the daring deed* of the IJuccaneers supply a most romantic element in the story; ami an additional interest is infused into it by the introrluctiun of various celebrated characters of the jicriod. such is Law, the French (inancier. and Patersoii, the I'oundci of the Hank of Ihigl.iiKi. All these varied ii>grcdicnts are treated with that brilliancy of st\le and pn-verfnl descriptive talent, by which the pen of Eliot Warburton was so eminently distinguished." — John Bull. 10 COLBURN AND CO. S NEW PUBLICATIONS. JUDGE IIALIBURTON'S NEW HISTORICAL WORK. Ill 2 vols, post Hvo. 21s. bound. RULE AND MISRULE OF THE EJJGLISII IN AMERICA By the Antlior of "SAM SLICK," "THE OLD JUDGE," &c. " A most attractive work." — Standard. "The cleverest vohiiiies Jud^c llalibiirtoii has ever produced." — Messenger. "We conceive tliis work to In- by far the most vahiahle and im])ortant Judge Ilalilnirton has ever written. The exiiaustless fund of humour — (piict, yet rich and racy, and at the same time overth)Wing with the milk of human kindness — whieli his writings display on one hand, and the wonderful know!edg(^ of man's character, in all ils countless varieties, which they exhibit on the other, have insured for them a high, and honourable, and endurii\g station in English literature. It woidd be ditiicult, if not impossible, to arise from the perusal of any of Mr. Haliburtnn's jRTformances without having become both wiser and better. His 'English iu Auurica' is, however, a production of a yet more exalted order. \\'hile teendng \Nith intfrest, moral and Idstorical, to the general reader, it may be regarded as e(pially const iiuting a ])iiilosophical study for the politiciau and the .statesman. It will be found to dissipate many popidar errors, and to let in a flood of light upim the actual origin, forn'ation, antory of English rub; in .\merica. The book is not only a boon to the historic student, it is also tilled with reflections siicli as may well engage the attention of the legislating .latcsinau. .Mr. Halibmton also shows us the true position of the Canadas, explains the evds of our colonial system, points out tlie remedies by which these evils may be cf)unt<'ractcd. that thus the ride of the • English in America' may be somelhing belter than a history of the blunders, the fidlies, and the ignorant temerity of colonial secretaries." — Irish Quarterly Review. ONS. VL WORK. R I C A &c. ." — Messenger. important Judge r — (|uiet, yet rich liiiiiiaii kiiidiiess III i\iio\vle(lge of il)it oil the other, tat ion ill English om tlie jieru-ial of both wiser and of ii yet more ;ai, to the genera] cal study for the y popular errors, , and progress of e. repnl)lioanism in on, will here liiid i adniirahle order ich can attach to ii.'ian can derive [lect in which it saeiions ; second, ical (piestioiis of his work. It i.s hi ■ of hmnoiir and a geiHiino pathos liiK! of lit-^ratiire e breaks upon a ntfoddeii ground, iidgi! Ilalibiirtoii, ntlcmaii, and, in places before us, rhe hook is not )ns such as may Halilinrton also of our colonial »iinteractcd, that g be(t(T than a itv of colonial , COLBURN AND CO. S NEW I'UHLlC.vnONS. 11 SAM SLICKS NEW COMIC WOIJK. In ?) vols, post Hvcj. 31s. (id. bound. TRAITS OF A.MlviiFCAN lIIiMOUl}. Kdited By th!'. Altiiou ok " S.A.M SLICK," &c. " We have sehhnn met with a work more rich in fnn or more generally delightful." — Slandiinl. " Those who liiive relished tlic racy hninonr of the ' C'lockniaker,' \m1! find a dish of eipially ludicrous and aninsing Transatlantic wii in the vluiiu's before us."—I/vn,/ lively family, to cc^opre- hend their amusing jarj..on, to take an inter<;st in their peculiarities of jk rson and speecli, and to enter into the spirit of their very characteristic humours. No man has done more than tin; facetious Judge Haliliurtoii. through the inuiith of the ininiitable ' Sam," to make iheold parent eountiy recognise and iippicckite her queer transatlantic proireny ; and in the volumes before us he seeks to render the ac(piaintaiicc mon? minute and complete. His pn sent collection of (•nmic stories ami laughable traits is a budget of fun full of rich specimens of American humour."— G/o/jc. " The reader will tind this work deeply interesting. Yankccism pourtrayed, in its raciest aspect, constitiiies tin; i'i)iiteiit> uf thiv-e su|ii rlatively ciitcriaining volumes, for which we arc indebted to (uir lac(tiou<, obi friend, ' Sam Slick.* The work embraces the most variid tojiio, — jiolitical parties, religions ei ceiitricitios, the lliirbts of literature, ami the absurdities of pretenders to learning, all come in for their share of satire ; wiiilc in otln-r papers we h.ive sp<'ciinens of genuine American exairgcratioiis, or gr.iphic pictures of >ocial and domrstic life as it is more especially in the ruder districts and in the back settlements, or again sallies of broad humour, exhibiting those characteristics which form in the eouiiiry itself the subject of mutual peisillagc brtwi-cu the citi^eas of ditferent States. The work will have a wide circulation." — Jo/m liu/l. p m m nil i i ; s H (I 12 COLBURN AND CO. S NEW PUBLICATIONS. KHARTOUM, AND THE BLUE AIND WHITE NILES. By GEOUGE MELLY, ESQ. Second and Ueviskd Editiov. 2 V. post 8vo., with Map and Illustrations, 21s. bound. " Mr. Mclly is an animated writer, and a (jwick observer— liis style is buoyant, lively, and agreeable, and his book is from tirst to last instructive and enter- taining." — Mominy Post. " Indei)endently of the amusement and information which may be derived from Mr. .Melly's interesting work, the referenees to the relations which exist i»t this time between the Sublime I'orte and Egypt are worthy of every conside- ration which statesmen and pid)lie men can bestow upon them." — Messimger. " We cannot feel otherwisf than grateful It) tlic author of tlie>e va.ualdc and useful voliunes for having kept so t.iithful a journal, and for giving the public the bent'lit of his adventures and ex|ierience. The manners and ciistonns of the riali\es, as well as tlie natural curiosities, and the relics of antiquity which the travellers visited, in turns engage the reader's attention; and, altogether, the book is a most entertaining and instructive vade-mecum to the interesting portion of the East of which it treats."— yoAu liuU. SCENES FROM SCIUPTURE. Bv THK REV. (r. CIIOLY, LL.D. Author of " Sal,\thiel," &c., 1 v., 10s. 6d. bound. TRINCIPAL CONTENTS: The Last Day of Jerusalem— Esther—The Third Temptation— The Vision of God — The Sixth Seal — The Power of Praver— fh-lshazzar — Malachi — I5alnk ami Malaam — Ezokiel — .lohn the Baptist — the Prophecy of Jerusalem — Eh>ha in Dothan — The Woe upon Israel — The Judgment Day, &c. " Eminent in every mode of literature, Dr. Croly stands, in our judgment, first among the living poets of (ireal Britain — the oidy man of our day entitled by his power to venture within the sacred circle of religious poets." — Standard. " The appearance of a volume of poems from a writer of such high repute as the author of ' Salathiel,' is an event in the history of modern literature. With a vigour of language in harmony with the subjects he has chosen, Dr. Croly has presented to us, in a poetic form, some of the most striking and instructive iuci- dents .n the sacred volume.'" — Messenr/er. "This volume will be extensively read and admired. It is one of great interest, variety, and merit." — Po.'it. " This work deserves to be placed in the highest ranks of sacred poetrv." — Jtlan. ".\n admirable addition to the library of religious families." — Jo/in Vndl. 4 >NS. fILES. nd. Uyle is hunyant, ctive and enter- may be derived ons which exist f every conside- -Messcnger. ;se va.(iab!c and viiig tiic public and cnstonis of aniiquity which , altogetlier, the cresting portion JKE. -The Vision of Malachi— l'.alp.i< ' of Jerusalem — y, &c. ■judgment, first ,' entitled l)y his indard. 1 hij^h repute as tcrature. With I, Dr. Croly has instructive inci- is one of great ered poetry." — fnhn Bull. ' COLBURN AND CO.'s NEW PUBLICATIONS. 13 LORD PALMERSTON'S OPINIONS AND POLICY; AS MINISTER. DIT'LOMATIST, AND STATESMAN, DURING MORE THAN FORTY YKARS OFViBLIC l.IKF,. 1 V. 8va., with Portrait, l'2s. bound. "This work ought to have a place in every political library. It gives a com- l)lete view of the sentiine.its and opinions by which the policy of Lord Palmerstoi has been dictated as a diplomatist and statesman." — Chi-'micle. " This is a remarkable and seasonable publication ; but it is something more — it is a valuable addition to the bist(jrical treasures of our countrv during more than forty of the most memorable years of our annals. W'c earnestly recommend the volume to general perusal." — Standard. FIVE YEAliS m THE WEST INDIES. BY CIIAHLES W. DAY, Iv^Q. 2 v., with Illustrations, 21s, bound. " These interesting volumes possess considerable merit as regards information on that important sid)ject, the state of the West Indies as they are at present." — Sun. " It would be unjust to deny the vigour, brilliancy, and varied intorcit of this work, the abundant stores of anecdote and interest, and thi' copious do'ail of local habits and peculiariii''s in each island visited in succession."— -r»7oie. HISTORY OF THE BRITISH CONUUESTS IN LNDIA. BY HORACE ST. JOHN. 2 v. 21s. bound. HISTORY OF CORFU; AND OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE IONIAN ISLANDS. BY LIEUT. H. J. W. JERVIS, Royal Artillery. 1 v., with Illustrations, 10s. fid. bound. " A work of great value, fro'u the importance of Corfu in case of an European war." — Literary Gazette, "Written with great care and research, and including pinbably all the particulars of any moment in the history of Corfu. The principal interest will attach to the nulitary details and the concluding account of the \ resent state of the island." — Athenaum. MEMOIRS OF COLONEL LANDMANN. WRITTEN BY HI.MSELF. 2 r. (/«.s-/ Ready.) « 14 COLBURN AND CO. S NEW PUBLICATIONS. CA^'ADA AS IT WAS, IS, AND MAY BE. By hie i.aik LiEUTEyANT-Cot.o.vEL Sir R. Bonnycastle. With an Account of Recent Transactions, By sir JAMES E. ALEXANDER, K.L.S., &c. 2 v., post Hvo., with Majjs, &r. 21s. bound. " Tlicsc volumes otTer to the nritish imhlic a clear and trustworthy statenirnt of tlio atl'.iirs of Canada; a narrative of the late troubles, their causes and C(iii!l.-.rANT i'oi.ITICAI.-IlKSiniCNT AT Nl.I'Arr,, KKOM 1811 TCI 18l.'>. 2 V. post '^\o. 21s. bou.ul. SPAIN AS IT IS. By G. a. IIOSKINS, ESCJ. .\utlior of " TllA^■I;I.s i\ Eiiiioima, and Visit to fhk Giii'at Oasis," &:c. 2 v.. with Illustrations, 21s. bound. '• Ti) tlie toiiiist this work w'.W prove invaluable, it is the most comjli'tc and most interesting jmrtraiture of Spain a.-> it is that has ever come under our notice." — Julin Hull. " Mr. Iloskins is a pleasant companion and a very useful guide, lie describes a route abounding in all the attractions atforded by noble works of art, interest- ing historical assucialiou, and e\(pii>ii? scenery ; and he does justice to them all. His narrative is rendered buth attractive and valuable by the intrinsic interest of th(! subject, and the grapliic truthfulness of ilescri|itiou which appear; in every page." — Mornmy J'osi. ■ IONS. MAY m. CASTLE. S.. &C. twortby stiitoniont Iheir caiises and ly, and tlic cffpct^ with sket('lu!s of ion, ami K''ii'"''idly r, and the military highly relied on as readers — the most iiist lie coiisidere I da, and the actnal lial posse>ision." — crv statesman.*'- ^■EPAl)L. TO lS4r). \T Oasis," &e. r. t eoni|'l('te and eome under our lie (h'scrilies of art, interest- ^ti(•e to them all. trin'-ic interest of ajipear: in every ■ COLBUUN AND CO.'s NKW TLnLICATlONS. 15 J/inu Itlarks nf Mm, litj fiDtiiuuiislirli W\\m. .'-^y\,'-\.j'^r ADAM GRAEME OF MOSSIiltAY. A STORY OF SCOTTISH LIFE. ]5y the Author of "Passages in tiik Liie ok Mrs. Mau(jmik.t Maiti.and," " Mfrklanp," AM) "CaLKK I'lKLD." .'i V. " Tliese vohnnes liave even irre,i;er merit ihan tho'^e wiiieh have nheady ap- peared hy tin' same popniar author, i'he natural tnithfnlness and jiathos with which the narrative is delineated is fascinating in the evtrenie." — Mestitnifjcr. " \ story awakening genuiin* emoliuns of interest and delight hy its adinirahlc pictures of Scottish life ami seemry." — Posf. " ' Adam (iraeme' is full of elocpient writing and descrijition. It is an nn- comnion work, not only in the power of the >tyle, in llie eloipience of the digressions, in the interest of the narrative, ami in tlic delineation of character, but in the lessons it teaches." — .S'm»i. M A 11 Y S E A llTv M, li Y M K S. G 11 E Y. Autlior of " TiiK (iAMULKu's \Viri:,"&c. ,'5 v. ADVENTURES OF A BEAUTY. BY MKS. CKOWi:. Author of " Susan Ilopley," &c. ;) v. " A fU't-ply intori'sliiifr story.'" — Smi. "A f.isrjnaliii|< L.tcrfsl pcrvurt.'s lliis t;ilc The ( ti.iriK tors iire sktuli*'!;elher a ri>m:irlia1>le work. There is an iiilerest iii the wl.ole sli'ry niniost ;i!ri 'I'dos t'l vvh.it wi- riirl in lioll^seall and Ifodwin."— AiVfrfiry <}iizel(e AURELIA ; OK, A bi:ai T\ s Lin: i.n italy. 3v. Ull hC 16 COLBURN AND CO.'s NEW PUBLICATIONS. POPULAR WORKS OP FICTION. RAVENSCLIFPE. Bv tlip Author of " Emilia Wyndliam," &c. 3 v. " ' Uiivenscllffe' contiiln.i gci-nes not sur- passed III povver and beaiitv liy those in 'The Admirul's Oaiif^hler ' No reaiirr I'an bpar the heroine cuiiiiiaiiy without froHiiK the Hanii! seiHe of iiowtriessiiess to coptj with (lie fuscliiutiontiof a darli (lentiiiy which is ciinveyeil by the storiei* of Klchardson'ii 'Clarissa,' and Scotl'd ' Lucy Ashtoii." Tlili In praise i.Miuu(;h - yet not too much." -- Athentfum. CALEB FIELD. By the Author of "Margaret Mail land." &c. 1 v. "This heauilfiil prodiiction ig every way worthy of its author's reputation in the very tirst raiilt of contemporary writers," St'jaii. "As a delineator of inaiiners and charac ler, thi'* author has scarcely lui eijual ainotii; living writers 'Caleb F'ield' ir a story of moving interest, full of novelty, and ahoiind- iiig ill scenes of graphic beauty." — fiundai/ Ti'iien. JACOB BENDIXEN, THE JEW. BY MARY IIOVVITT. .'i v. "This talehas the fascination and thevalue of a glimpse into a most htran){e world. We heartily commend the i\ove\."- Atherueum. MARIAN "withers. By gi:rali)ine e. jewsbury, Autlior of "Zoc," "The Half t?iiteis," &c. 3 v. " Full of cleverness and originality." — Exinti.ini'r. " 'I'he best of Miss Jewshury's novels." — Critic. CECILS ; OR, THE I'ERVERT. By the Author of "Rockinpharn." 1 v. " We cannot too highly recommend this remarkable work. It is earnest and elo- quei't, charitable and kindly, and full of strong and genuine interest." — t'/trunicle, THE LIVINGSTONES. " This work has a real interest. Its pictures of Scottish homes are excellent." — Ejiamintr, RALPH RUTHERFORD. By tlie Author of " The Petrel." 3 v. "Admiral Fisher's interesting nautical tale of ' lialph Uutherford ' is a worthy mem- ber of the Marryat class." — U. S. Gazette. FALKENBURQ. By the Author of "Mildred Vernon." "A tale of singular and fascinating beauty." — Untnnma. " All discriminating readers will be of one accord as to tlie excellence of ' Kalkenburg,' lie it truth or romance, it is a capital stsry. The characters are well delineated and cleverly contrasted — the descriptive passages are full of grace and elegance — the reflective full of strength and earnestness." — Ptmt. MRS. MATHEWS; OR, FAMILY MYSTERIES. BY MRS. TROLLOPE. 3 v. " A production unique in character, and of singular meiit This Interesting story dis|)lays remarkable knowledge of life, and unites with great variety and fertility in the conception of character, gre^iter freedom, energy, and minuteness of delineation, than any other of Mrs. Trollope's novels."— /^os^ Tho LADY and tho PRIEST. Bv MRS. MABERLY. 3 v. " The sustained, the ever heightening interest, with which the story progresses to the end, and the power with nhich the characters are delineated, together with the allusions anti illustratioiiB applicable to the mighty conflict of the day between Home and Kngland, combine to make the dction of 'The Lady and the Priest' one of the most exquisite romances."— JoAw Hull. THE TUTOR'S WARD. By the Author of " Wayfaring Sketches," " Use and Ahu.se," &c. 2 v. " 'The Tutor's Ward' is a masterpiece of fiction. The plot of the story is charged to the full with extraordinary incidents and adventures."— Jo/in Bull. ARTHUR "cONWAY ; OR, SCENES IN THE TROPICS. BY CAPT. MILMAN. 3 v. " A book of very rare merit. As a ro- mance, replete with striking and alTecting incidents; as a picture of life in the West Indies, as a delineation of tropical scenery, and of the grand and mysterious visitations of nature, 'Arthur Conway' stands niiap. proached by any modern work." — United Service Gazette, A L B A N . By the Author of " Lady Alice." 3 v. ".\ remarkable novel, carried out with a great deal of spirit and cfl['ect."— Cn'/ic. ICATIONS. CTION. INBURG. "Mildred Vernon." »nd fascinating beauty." ft readers will be of one ller.ce of * Falkenburg.' cc, It \a a capital •i»ry. ■ well (lellneuteil and the descriptive passages elegance— the reflective 'arnestuess." — Pmt. ItHEWS ; MYSTERIES. lOLLOPE. 3 V. ilqiie in character, and This Interesting story knowleilgc of life, mid riely and fertility in the acter, greater freedom, less of delineation, than ■(•Hope's novelH. "—I'ost. Qd the PRIEST. [AIJEKLY. 3 V. the ever heightening I the story progresses to power with which the eated, together with the ations applicable to the the day between Home ne to make the fiction of Priest • one of the most "—Juhnliutt. OR'S WARD. ^. Author of etches," " Use and ' &c. 2 V. I'ard' is a masterpiece of )f the story is charged to aordinary incidents and » Hull. ^"cONWAY ; IN THE TROPICS. MILMAN. 3 V. y rare merit. As a ro- h striking and affecting ture of life in the West »tion of tropical scenery, nd mysterious visitations r Conway' stands unap- modern work." — United , B A N. f '• Lady Alice." 3 v. lovel, carried out with a and effect."— Cn7ic. STANDARD HISTOEICAL WORKS. I'l ]]\ i>iti:i) \:\ (oi.Drnx ,^ < o. ri;r. i.iir .\\i» i;i:ii;N ni- > iiviii.i'.s i ii- i hi-.i;.\ii i. %• u ,.ii.| i;. M^i- 1 IM,;.. I \ ■ . 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