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 Chronological Annals 
 
 • O F T H E 
 
 FROM ITS BEGINNING 
 
 T O T H E 
 
 ; PRESENT TIME. 
 IN TWO PARTS. .■^■. 
 
 I 
 
 Part L Containing from j^pril 2» 
 1755, to the End of 1760. 
 
 Pa RT IL — from the Beginning 
 
 of 1 761. to the figning of the 
 Preliminaries of the Pb ace. 
 
 , W I T H A N r^ r 
 
 INTRODUCTORY PREFACE 
 to each Part, a Conclusion, and a 
 General Index to the Whole. 
 
 TBy Mr. dobs on. 
 
 -: OXFORD, 
 
 At the Clarendon Press. MDCCLXIIL 
 
 JSold by Daniel Prince: By John Rivington 
 in St. PauV% Church -Yard. R, and J. Dodjley in Pall- 
 - Mail, and J. Walterf at Charing-Crofiy London, 
 
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 WI 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 f, 38. /, 6. r. Captaui. —p. 39. /. 6. and 7. r. Compte «nd Privateer. — p. 4^, 
 A 16. fl/?«r her ai/rf from. — p. 44. /. 1 3. r. Indigo. — *. 47, /. 33. r. come. — 
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 doif. — p, 63. /. 5, r, iivra, —p. 64. /. 11. r. flute. — />, 69. /. 3 ' . ^. I xa. 
 /. 31. read MAWons. — p. "jx. I. 17, r. William. — />. 73. /. 2. rsaa le. — 
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 and p. 163. /. 23. r. broken. — p. 131./. 25. after Flora add or Flores one of 
 
 ^, B. Tb* Rtader is dejirtd to correEi aty literal Mifiake, tohicb oeewfs to him, in 
 tie proper Namet of Perfoni and Placet. , ^ 
 
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 •/r: I 
 
 
 
 •' " i '"' ulR 
 
T O T H E 
 RIGHT HONOURABLE 
 
 WILLIAM EARL TALBOT, 
 
 I LORD TALBOT BARON OF HENSOL 
 IN THE COUNTY OF GLAMOR- 
 GAN, LORD STEWARD OF HIS 
 MAJESTY'S HOUSHOLD, AND ONE 
 OF THE LORDS OF HIS MAJESTY'S 
 MOST HONOURABLE PRIVY COUN- 
 CIL. " ■" 
 
 'i ■'< 
 
 My LORD; 
 
 STEADY, regular, and uni- 
 form Oeconomy can alone 
 give the Nation any Relief 
 under that Oppreflion of Debt, which 
 it feels from the Length and Extent of 
 the late memorable War ; or teach it to 
 fet a juft Value upon the Bleflings of 
 Peace. The firft Step to this Oecono- 
 my is the Banifliment of Fraud and 
 Qjrruption from the feveral Offices of 
 
 Govern- 
 
 i; 
 
 I 
 
Government. Your Lordfhip has taken 
 the Lead, with Succefs, in the Reformati- 
 on of fome fcandalous and inveterate 
 Abufes in the King's Houftiold: But 
 the HouQiold is only his Majefty's pri- 
 vate Family; His public one is the 
 whole Kingdom; and I flatter myfelf 
 that the latter willi at a proper Time, 
 reap the Benefit of your Lordfliip's Ex- 
 ample and Perfeverance, I am, with 
 the greateft Refped, 
 
 My LORD, 
 
 Tour moji humble^ 
 
 And moft obedient Servant ^ 
 
 John Dobfon< 
 
 IN 
 
 well-kno 
 
 afterwar 
 
 on the 
 
 fixth, tl: 
 
 Aiijiria ; 
 
 of Aix'li 
 
 rather th 
 
 compreh 
 
 Glory t( 
 
 Moderat 
 
 the Neti. 
 
 to fcftoi 
 
 Silence 1 
 
 Spain ol 
 
 centta^ a 
 
 lif, afte 
 
 the Fee 
 
 Emprefs 
 
 thofe th 
 
 of Mefi 
 
 King oj 
 
 of a Pai 
 
 \ 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 TH E War between Great Britain 
 and Spain, which commenced in 
 the Year 1739* on the Refufal of 
 the latter to fulfil the Terms of the 
 well-known Convention 5 and that yfhich. 
 afterwards became fo general in Europe, up- 
 on the Death of the Emperor Charles the 
 iixth, the laft Heir Male of the Houfe of 
 Aujiria ; were both terminated by the Treaty 
 of Aix'la-Chapelle, All the Parties, fatigued 
 rather than fatisfied, fufFcred themfelves to be 
 comprehended in this Peace. France had the 
 Glory to di<flate the Terms of it, and the 
 Moderation to giv^ up all her Conquefls in 
 the Netherlands, Great Britain was obliged 
 to reftore Cape-Breton, and to pafs over in 
 Silence the favourite Claim of No Search. 
 Spain obtained the Dutchies of Parma, Pla- 
 centia, and Guafialla, for the Infant Don Fhi^ 
 lip, after having fpent more Treafure than 
 the Fee-limple of them was worth. The 
 Emprefs Queen relinquiih'd her Rights to 
 thofe three Dutchies; confirm'd the Cefliori 
 of Silefia and the County of Glatz to the 
 King of Fruffia-, that of the Vigevanafque, 
 of a Part of the Favefan, and of the County 
 
 a 2 of 
 
IV 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of Anghiera, to the King of Sardinia i and 
 retain'd the Reft of the Aujlrian Dominions, 
 which -had been guarantied to her by the 
 Pragmatic Sandlion. Of all the great Poten- 
 tates engaged in this War, the King of Pruf" 
 Jia feem'd to be the only one who had ac- 
 quir'd a clear Advantage, almoft without Ex- 
 pence. Vidory had been render'd familiar to 
 his Troops j Rich Provinces had been added 
 to his paternal PofTeflions; His own military 
 Conduct and political Genius had made him 
 the Objedl of perfonal Admiration ; His 
 Strength was dreaded by his Enemies, and 
 refpeSed by his Friends. But this very Si- 
 tuation, aflifted by fome unforefeen and criti- 
 cal Events, plung'd him into a new War, 
 more extenfive in its Operation, and chec- 
 quer'd with a much greater Variety of For- 
 tune. Silejia was too fertile and opulent a 
 Province, to be furrender'd without Regret j 
 and perhaps the Emprefs Queen gave it up 
 to her Antagonift, and form'd the Plan for its 
 Recovery, in the fame Moment. Few Prin- 
 ces think themfelves accountable for Succefs. 
 If the. Courfe of publick Affairs happen to 
 fall in with their private Views, they feldom 
 negledt the favourable Opportunity, and eve- 
 ry Victory becomes an Apology for their Con- 
 du6t. I do not think it at all neceflary to 
 labour the Defence of the King of Prujfia, 
 and to juftify his firft Invalion of Siiefia. 
 Facts generally fpeak beft for themfelves j 
 thefe I (hall endeavour to ftate with Brevity, 
 
 and 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
INTRODUCTION. v 
 
 and then leave it to the Reader to deduce his 
 own Inferences from them. 
 
 The Houfe of Brandenburg had ancient 
 Pretenfions upon four Dutchies in Silejia, thofe 
 of lagerndorf, Lignitz, Brf'eg, and JVohlau, 
 The Margrave George, Coufm and Governor 
 of Lewis King of Bohemia, fold his Edates in 
 Hungary, and purchas'd the Dutchy of Ice- 
 gerndorf of the Lords of Schellenberg, in the 
 Year 1524; King Lewis gave him the Invef- 
 titurc of that Country, as of an hereditary 
 and alienable Fief; and this whole Tranf- 
 adion was confirm'd by King Ferdinand the 
 firft, in 1527; the Son of this Margrave, 
 having no IfTue, bequeath 'd the Dutchy of 
 lagerndorf, by his laft Will and Teftament, 
 to the Eledoral Houfe of Brandenburg, yoa^ 
 chim Frederic, who was then Eleiftor, and 
 from whom the prefent King of Frujjia is 
 dcfcended, entered upon the peaceable Pof- 
 feflion of it j and gave it, in 1 607, to the 
 Margrave ^ohn George, his younger Son. The 
 Margrave, having unfortunately attach'd him- 
 felf to the Interefls of Frederic the fifth Elec- 
 tor Palatine, ( who had aflum'd the Title of 
 King of Bohemia in Oppofition to the Empe- 
 ror Ferdinand the fecond ) was difpoflefs'd of 
 his States, and put to the Ban of the Empire, 
 under which he died in 1624. Frneji, his 
 innocent Son, and a Minor, in vain made 
 Application for the Reftitution of his Father's 
 Patrimony; and dying in 1642, without If- 
 
 a 3 fue. 
 
I 
 
 VI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 fuc, the elder Branch of the eledtoral Family 
 put in an immediate, tho' unfuccefsful, Claim 
 to the Dutchy of lagerndorf with its Depen- 
 dencies. 
 
 In Regard to the Dutchies of LijjrnitZf 
 Briegj and IVohlau, the Rights of the Houfe 
 of Brandenberg were more complicated and 
 involv'd. The ancient Dukes of Lignitz &c, 
 were, at iirft, independent Sovereigns j but 
 Duke Bogijlam fubmitted in 1329, of his own 
 voluntary ConcefTion, to become a Vaflal of 
 the Kingdom of Bohemia^ on the Condition 
 of holding his Dutchies, as a true hereditary 
 Fief, to himfelf, his Heirs, and Defendants. 
 King Uladijlaus, in his Letters Patent of 1 5 1 1, 
 gave the Dukes of Lignitz a Power of alie- 
 nating their Eftates by Will ; and the fame 
 Power was twice renewed by King Lewis in 
 the Years 1522 and 1524; the Words of 
 whofe Letters Patent are to this Effedl — 
 
 That as the Dukes of Lignitz had always 
 * enjoy'd the Power of alienating their Ef- 
 
 tates, and difpofing of them between living 
 ** Perfons (inter Vivos), fo they might alfo 
 ** do it for the future, by Way of Teftament, 
 " and Declaration of their laft Will." A ge- 
 neral and full Confirmation of all Privileges, 
 beftow'd at any Time on the Dukes of Lig^ 
 nitZi was granted by King Ferdinand the firft 
 to the then reigning Duke, in 1529. 
 
 «< 
 
 <( 
 
 • Under 
 
INTRODUCTION. vii 
 
 Under thefe Circumftances, Frederic Duke 
 of Lignitz and his two Sons on the one Part, 
 and yoachim Elector of Brandenburg on the 
 other Part, entered into a Treaty of here- 
 ditary Co-fraternity in 1537. ^^® youngeft 
 Son of the Duke of Lignitz was to marry the 
 Eledlor's Daughter, and the eldeft Son of the 
 Elcdlor was engag'd to the Daughter of the 
 Duke. In Confequence of this Treaty and 
 double Marriage, the Pofleflions of the Houfe 
 of Lignitz were fettled, on Failure of the 
 male Line of Duke Frederic ^ upon every 
 male Branch of the Houfe of Brandenburg, 
 to whom the Marches of Brandenburg and 
 the Eledoral Dignity fhould fucceflively do- 
 fcend ; and in Cafe of Failure of fuch Ifluc 
 Male in the Houfe of Brandenburg^ the Fiefs, 
 belonging to the Eledor in Bohemia, were to 
 be entail'd, in like Manner, upon the Male 
 Heirs of the Houfe of Lignitz. This Treaty 
 was made with the Confent of the Clergy 
 and Statiss of the Country, confirmed by the 
 Oath of the contradting Parties, and an even- 
 tual Homage was paid to the Elector of 
 Brandenburg, In 1546, Ferdinand the firft, 
 in Quality of Prince and fupreme Judge of 
 the States of Silejay annull'd and cancell'd 
 the whole Treaty, by a formal Decree pafs'd 
 at Brejlau\ againft which the Councellors 
 of Brandenburg protefted, in the Prefence of 
 that King, who did not oppofe their Pro- 
 ceeding. The Dukes of Lignitz were after- 
 wards 
 
VIII INTRODUCTION. 
 
 wards compell'd to declare, that their Domi- 
 nions, upon the Death of the laft Male of 
 their Family, ought, of right, to revert im- 
 mediately to the King of Bohemia j but they 
 wrote to the Eledlor of Brandenburg in thefe 
 memorable Terms j '♦ Tho' a fuperiour Force 
 *' pretends to deprive you of your Rights, 
 ** their Foundation is unfhaken ; the Inhe- 
 *^ ritance is not yet fallen 5 Time changes all 
 ** Things J what appears now impoflible, your 
 '' Pofterity will find Means to effed:." 
 
 M 
 
 w 
 
 The Male Line of the Dukes of Lignitz 
 became, at laft, extindt in 1675; and the 
 Eledtor Frederic William, firnam'd the Great, 
 infifled upon his Pretenfions to the Succef- 
 fton. The Emperor tempted the Elector with 
 a confiderable Sun^ of Money, which was 
 conftantly refufed. After reiterated Solicita- 
 tions, the Houfe of Aujlria apparently re- 
 folv'd, in 1686, to fatisfy the Eledtor by a 
 Treaty, which ceded to him the Circle' of 
 Schwibus, together with fmaller Advantages, 
 in Compenfation of all his Demands. But 
 \vhat was formally given with one Hand, was 
 virtually taken away with the other : For 
 whilft the J^mperor was amufing the old 
 jpiedlor with this Cefiiop, he employ'd In- 
 trigues and Menaces at Berlin^ to feduce the 
 Eledtoral Prince (afterwards the firft King of 
 PruJJiaJ into a fecret Promife of re- deliver-? 
 ing the Circle of ScJbwibus, as foon as he 
 flioi|ld fucceed to his paternal Dominions; 
 
 thq 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 the Defign took Place, and the Prince gave 
 an Adt of Security in Writing, according to 
 the Defire of the Court of Vienna, Upon the 
 Eledor's Death, the Aufirian Miniftry de- 
 manded the Circle of Schwibus, The young 
 Eledtor fiimmon'd his Council, who declar'd 
 on mature Deliberation, that he was not 
 bound by fuch an illegal and extorted Obli- 
 gation. After negotiating till the Year 1695, 
 to little Purpofe, the Eledor yielded the 
 Country in Difpute, for a fmall pecuniary 
 Confidcration j but at the fame Time he 
 charg'd his Pofterity with the AfTertion of 
 his Pretenfions. ** I have given my Word 
 " (fays he) and I will keep it. I leave it to 
 *' my Defcendants to make good my Claims 
 ** upon Silejiay fince, in my prefent Circum- 
 ** fiances, I cannot do it myfelf. When it 
 " pleafes Providence to change the Face of 
 ** Affairs, my Defendants will well know 
 " how to ad: the Part that fhall be found 
 *• moft convenient for them." 
 
 The prefent King of Prujpa is that De- 
 fcendant, who avail'd himfelf of the critical 
 Moment, and march'd a numerous and dif- 
 ciplin'd Army into Silefiat to vindicate the 
 Pretenfions of his Progenitors. Unhappily 
 for the Queen of Hungary, a zealous Vote 
 of the Houfe of Commons, and the fpirited 
 Warmth of the BritiJJj Nation, ftrengthen'd 
 the natural Conftancy of her Temper, and 
 cngag'4 her to reje(5t the Terms offered hef 
 
 by 
 
X 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I 
 
 
 i 
 
 by her Adverfary. Conceffions made with a 
 tolerable Grace in that delicate Conjundture, 
 might have eafily turn'd a young Enemy into 
 a warm Friend. A different Syftem of Poli- 
 cy was cmbrac'd -, the final Refult of which 
 was, the abfolute Ceflion of the noblefl Part 
 of Si/e/ta, with the .County of G/atz, to the 
 King of Prujiia, by the feveral Treaties of 
 BreJIau, Drefilen, 2iTid Aix la Chapelle, 
 
 Europe continued arm*d after the Conclu- 
 fion of the General Peace. It was reafonable 
 to expedt that this very Circumftance fhould 
 afTure its Tranquillity for a Length of Time. 
 No State would probably venture upon Hof- 
 tilities, when its Rival was prepared for a vi- 
 gorous Refiftance. Yet this Expectation was 
 blafled. Mutual Sufpicion and Jealoufy dic- 
 tated defenfive Meafures, which mutual Ani- 
 mofity and Revenge were ready to turn into 
 oiFenfive Ones, upon the fmallefl: Alteration 
 of the political Balance. DifTenfions arofe be- 
 tween Ruffia and Sweden^ which threatened 
 the Repofe of the North ; the King of Pruf- 
 Jia interfered, with a Spirit and Refolution, 
 which the Emprefs of Riijjia never forgave. 
 CommifTaries met at Farisy on the Part of 
 Great Britain and France^ to regulate the 
 difputed Limits of Nova Scotia^ and wafted 
 much Time in fruitlefs Conferences. The 
 Affairs in Germany were, in the mean while, 
 ripening into Confufion. The Minifters of 
 Vienna and Drefden had not been idle ; and, 
 
 whilft 
 
VI- 
 
 INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 whilft they projeded the Ruin of the King 
 of Frujjir^ Greatnefs, they pufli'd the Em- 
 prefs o^ ijjia\ Refentment againft that Mo- 
 narch into an implacable Averfion. The two 
 EmprefTes had concluded at St. Peterjburg 
 what they call'd a defenlive Alhance, fo early 
 as May 1746 : By a fecret Article, it was re- 
 folv'd, that any War made by PruJJia, upon 
 Aujlriay Ruffian or Poland, {hould be confi- 
 der'd as an Infraction of the Treaty of Dref-' 
 den ; tho' the two latter Powers were not at 
 all concerned in that Treaty. Thus the Em- 
 prcfs Queen put in three Claims at once, for 
 the Recovery of Silejia. The Court of Dref- 
 den declared their Readinefs, both in 1747 
 and 1 75 1, to accede to the Alliance of St. 
 Peterjburg ; if they might only previoufly ob- 
 tain a fufficient Provifion for the Safety of 
 their hereditary Dominions, and be admitted 
 to a Share of the Spoils, in Proportion to the 
 Extent of the Conquefts. — Towards the Clofe 
 of 1749, the Aujlrian Minifters at Peterjburg 
 and Berlin endeavour'd, in an artful Man- 
 ner, to convey remote Hints to the Ruffian 
 Minifter at Berliuy that a Plot was forming 
 in Sweden againft the Life of the Emprefs of 
 RuJ/ia, in which the Priijjian Court had a 
 large Share. — The Grand Council of Rujjia 
 was held in OBober 1755 3 and it was deter- 
 min'd in that Aflembly, to embrace the firft 
 Opportunity of attacking the King of Pruf- 
 fia^ without difcufling the Point of Aggrcf- 
 iion, and to eredt Magazines, for that Pur- 
 
 pofe. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
,,l 
 
 3cir INTRODUCTION. 
 
 pofe, at Riga, Mittau, LiebaUy and Windauy 
 capable of fupporting 100,000 Men. — In 
 April 1 756, the Secretary of the Saxon Em- 
 bafly at St. Peterjhurg recommended it to 
 Count Brublj to take Care that Intelligence 
 might be communicated, through different 
 Channels, to the Ruffian Miniftry, of the 
 King of Pruffids reconnoitring the Ukraine ^ 
 and ftirring up a Rebellion in that Country : 
 The Secretary clos'd his Advice with thefe re- 
 markable Words J *« That the King of Pruffia 
 ** had given Saxony a Blow, which it would 
 ** feel for 50 Years 1 but he fhould receive 
 *'one himfelf, which he fliould feel for an 
 *• 1 00.*' Count Br'uhl, in his Anfwer to the 
 Secretary's Letter, promis'd to execute this 
 Commi&ion. — Thus Fuel was prepared in 
 Abundance, on every Side i a little Spark on- 
 ly was wanting, to light it up into a general 
 Flame. The Troubles which arofe in Ame- 
 rica, united Aufiria with France, and Pruffia 
 with Great Britain. Nothing more was ne- 
 ceiTary, to involve the principal Powers of 
 Europe in the Calamities of War. 
 
 In the Courfe of the Year 1 754, the great 
 Defigns of the French in America began to 
 appear. Thefe were, to open a Communica- 
 tion between Canada and Louifiana, by Means 
 of Forts eredted on the River Ohio, which 
 fails into the Miffijippi-, and to fecure the fer- 
 tile Countries, wafh'd by that River, to them- 
 fclves, by the Eftablifhment of numerous Set>- 
 
 tlements. 
 
INTRODUCTION, xiii 
 
 tlements. Thus, in Progrefs of Time, the 
 Britifi Colonies would be hemm'd in be- 
 tween thofe Settlements and the Sea, and the 
 allied Indians would be ealily tempted to for- 
 fake their Interef^, and to form Connexions 
 with the French, — To accompliih thefe De- 
 figns, the French attack'd and took one of 
 the fmall Forts belonging to the Englijh, on 
 the Straight of the River Monongahela, obli- 
 ging Mr. JVard and his little Garrifon of 44 
 Men to capitulate, and retire. They after- 
 wards made themfelves Mafters of the Fort 
 of LogS'town on the River Ohio, in the Ter- 
 ritory of Virginia. On the firft of June, a 
 Party of 35 Soldiers, detach'd to intercept an 
 Engliflj Convoy, was routed by 45 Men un- 
 der Mr. WaJJjington 5 feven of the French 
 were kill'd, and the reft made Prifoners, to- 
 gether with their commanding Officer M. ia 
 Force 'y three unhappy Perfons fell into the 
 Hands of the Indians, and were maflacred. 
 On the third of July, M. de Villiers obliged 
 Mr. Wafinngton to furrender Fort-NeceJJity in 
 the Great Meadows, upon Ardcles of Capi- 
 tulation. 
 
 The Situation of Great Britain, at this cri- 
 tical Period, with Refpedt to America, was 
 beautifully defcrib'd by a General Officer of 
 diftinguifh'd Abilities, in Part of two Speech- 
 es in the Houfe of Commons. " We feem, 
 fays he, to be driving upon the Edge of an 
 high Mountain; on every Side, a dreadiul 
 
 and 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and tremendous Precipice; too much Ex- 
 pence makes us Bankrupts, too little makes 
 us Slaves. Some Years ago, the French wferc 
 by no Means a Match for the five Nations ; 
 now, they have a Communication, by a Range 
 of Forts, from the River St. Laurence in Ca- 
 nada, to the Ohio near the Mtffijippi, Hence 
 it is, that they hold our Colonies between the 
 two Ends of a Net, which if they tighten by 
 Degrees, they may get all of them into the 
 Body of it, and then drown them in the Sea. 
 When the Ship is linking, the Man at the 
 Helm in vain lays the Blame upon the La- 
 bourer at the Oar, or the Labourer at the 
 Oar recriminates upon the Man at the Helm j 
 we are all in one VelTel ; it is our Intereft, 
 as well as our Duty, to unite heartily in the 
 common Caufe j and , laying alide private 
 Ambition and Animolity, to adl: with Ala- 
 crity and Confidence ; and to perform every 
 Thing in our Power, for the Prefervation, 
 Honour, and Happinefs of our Country." 
 
 This was the fatal Spark, which kindled 
 the Flame of War in every Quarter of the 
 World J and which afterwards raged (parti- 
 cularly in Europe) with a deftructive and un- 
 relenting Fury, beyond the Example of for- 
 mer Times. France and Auftria, to whom 
 Francis the firft and Charles the fifth had left 
 a Kind of hereditary Antipathy, mutually ran 
 into each other's Arms. Great Britain was 
 put under the dilagreeable Necefiity of ex- 
 pending 
 
INTRODUCTION. xv 
 
 pending more Treafure againft the Emprefs 
 Queen, than had been employed, in the pre- 
 ceding War, for her Support. France^ Au- 
 jlriay Rujia, Swederiy and the Empire, com- 
 bin'd their Strength to crufh one Monarch, 
 the King of PruJ/ia ; That Monarch, aflifted 
 by Great Britain, maintain'd his Ground with 
 a Refolution and Adivity, which defervcd 
 Succefs. France weakened her Credit and 
 tarnifh'd her Glory, as a Friend to the Houfe 
 of Auftria ; to which, for upwards of two 
 Centuries, (he had been a conftant and vifto- 
 rious Enemy. Great Britain felt the unhap- 
 py EfFedls of Party Divifion at home, in fome 
 early Misfortunes ; united within herfelf, and 
 favour'd by Providence, (he became irrelifl- 
 ible. 
 
 The principal Events of this aflonifhing 
 War, reduced to a ihort chronological Series, 
 make the Subjedt of the following Pages. 
 They are only defign'd to affift the Memory 
 in the eafleft Manner, and to ferve as a co- 
 pious Index to any larger Work ; which, by 
 reafoning upon Matters of Fa(ft, and explain- 
 ing the Motives of political Adtions, may 
 throw a full Light upon the Condudl of the 
 Powers engag'd in the War, and enable the 
 Reader to form his Judgement upon the Na- 
 ture, Solidity, and Duration of a Peace. — A 
 Work, of this Character, belongs, not to the 
 Annalist, but the S t a t e s m a n. 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 
(O 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL ANNALS 
 
 Of T HE WAR. 
 
 April 2. 
 
 c 
 
 1755' 
 
 (Ommodore James, Commander in 
 chief of the Eaft India Company'^ 
 marine force, in the Protestor of 
 44 guns, with the Swallow of i6, together with 
 the Viper and Triumph bomb veffels, attack'd and 
 made himfelf Matter of the fort of Severndroog of 
 54 guns. Fort Goa of 40 guns, and two fmaller 
 forts of 20 guns each; thefe belong'd to Angria; 
 and were deliver*d up to the Marattas, according 
 to treaty. 
 
 April 9. Bancote, the moft northern port of 
 confequence in Angria's dominions, furrender'd to 
 Commodore James upon fummons, and was kept 
 by the Eaft India Company with the full confent of 
 the Marattas. It is now called Fort Viftoria. The 
 Harbour is good; and the country about it ^i- 
 bounds in cattle, which are much wanted for the 
 ufe of the garrifon and fquadron at Bombay. 
 
 June 8. The Alcide of 64 guns and 480 men," 
 M. Hocquart Commander ; and the Lys pierced 
 for 64 guns, but mounting only 22, with 8 com- 
 panies of land forces on board, M. de Largeril 
 Commander J having been feparated from their 
 fquadron commanded by M. du Bois de la Mothe, 
 
 A were 
 
 if 
 
 i 
 
 J! 
 
 m 
 
 fii 
 
2 Chronological Annals. 1755. 
 
 were attack*d and taken, at the diftance of 25 
 leagues from Newfoundland north-north-caft of 
 capeRace, by the Dunkirk and Defiance, part of 
 the fquadron under the orders of Vice-Admiral 
 Bofcawen. 
 
 June 16. The French fort of Beau-Sejour, on 
 the Ifthmus of Chignecflo, furrender'd to Lieute- 
 nant Colonel Monckton. 
 
 June 17. Gafpereau, a fmall fort near Bay Vert, 
 furrender'd to the fame Officer : and foon after- 
 wards, the French abandoned Fort St John, near 
 the mouth of the river of that name •, after having 
 ruin'd it to the utmoft of their power. This com- 
 pleated the reduction of Nova Scotia. 
 
 July 9. General Braddock receiv*d a total defeat 
 from an ambufcade of French and Indians, within 
 10 miles of Fort Duquefne, which he was march- 
 ing to befiege : the conduft of this unhappy Ge- 
 neral has been greatly cenfurM, but his perfonal 
 courage was indifputable \ he had five horfes kill'd 
 under him, and died of his wounds. The Englifh 
 loft near 1000 men, kill'd and wounded, in this 
 aftion i among the former, were Sir Peter Halket 
 Baronet, Colonel of the 44th regiment of Foot, 
 and General Shirley's eldeft fon, Secretary to Mr, 
 Braddock ♦, among the latter, were the Lieutenant - 
 Colonels, Gage and Burton, and Mr. Orme, and 
 Captain Morris Aid-de-Camps. The French be- 
 came mafters of all the artillery, provifions, bag- 
 gage, and the military cheft ; the ufual fruits of a 
 decifive vidory. General Braddock*s papers fell 
 into their hands, of which they afterwards avail'd 
 themfelves, in a large memorial which they pub- 
 lifh'd againlt the Britilh Miniftry : by their own ac- 
 count, 
 
'755' 
 
 Op the War* 
 
 count, they had in this battle only 250 French 
 Soldiers, and 650 Savages, commanded by the Sr. 
 Beaujieu (kill'd in the engagement) and under him 
 by the Srs. Dumas and Ligneris. 
 
 July 1 7. The Doddington Indiaman ftruck upon 
 a barren uninhabited rock, in the latitude of 33 
 degr. 44 min. fouth, and diftance about 250 
 leagues eaft of the Cape of Good Hope : out of 
 270 perfons, 23 only gain'd the rock: upon which, 
 they providentially fubfifted themfelves with the 
 provisions colle6bed from the wreck, till the i8th 
 of February, being feven months complete j on 
 that day they fet fail from the rock (to which, at 
 parting, they gave the name of Bird iQand from 
 the quantity of water-fowl, call'd Gannet, found 
 upon it) in a (loop, built by the carpenter out of 
 the fragments of the (hip. After a di(ficult and 
 diftrefsful voyage, they reach'd St. Lucia river on 
 the coaft of Africa the 6th of April ; and from 
 thence, anchored in de la Goa Road at 4 o* clock 
 in the afternoon, on Wednefday the 21ft. This 
 (loop was afterwards fold to Captain Chandler of 
 the Rofe galley, for 2500 rupees, or about 500 1 
 fterling, and fail d in company with him to Mada- 
 gafcar. — It were to be wi(h*d, that all (hips 
 which happen to fail near any defart ifland or coa(t, 
 would give themfelves the charitable trouble of 
 fowing a few feeds, and putting on (hore a few 
 animals, male and female, for the benefit of thofe 
 unfortunate people ; who, in any future time, 
 might be expos*d to greater calamities, than thofe 
 which befel the Doddington Indiaman. 
 
 Sept, 8. Colonel Johnfon, who commanded the 
 Provincial regiments defign'd for the attack of Fort 
 Frederick or Crown-Point, obtained a victory over 
 
 A 2 the 
 
 ''■til 
 
 m 
 
 Ml 
 
 it 
 
 51 V, 
 
 t* 
 
jf, Chronological Annals 1755. 
 
 the French Regulars, Canadians, and Indians, un- 
 der the command of the Baron de Dieflcau. The 
 French march'd up to Colonel Johnfon's intrench- 
 ments in good order, and behaved with courage 
 and Ibirit •, but the fteadinefs of the Provincials, 
 and the fire of a fupcrior artillery direfted by Cap- 
 tain Eyre, obliged them to fly with precipitation. 
 The Baron de Diefkau was wounded and taken 
 prifoner •, the lofs of the French amounted to feven 
 hundred men; that of the Provincials (in this 
 adtion, and in the defeat of their detachment un- 
 der Col. Williams, which immediately preceded it) 
 fell fhort of 300 men kill'd and wounded : among 
 the former, were the Colonels Williams and Tit- 
 comb, one Major, fix Captains, and old Hendrick 
 the famous Indian Sachem. Col. Johnfon himfelf 
 was wounded. Some time afterwards the King 
 created him a Baronet, and the Parliament made 
 him an handfome prefent in money, for this ac- 
 ceptable fervice. I'he battle was fought on the 
 banks of lake George. ■ ^ . .. 
 
 f -•/ ■ ■' I * ' 
 
 November 11. L'Efperance of 74 guns, but 
 mounting only 24, M. le Vicomte de Bouville 
 Commander, was taken by the Orford of 70 guns, 
 Capt. Steevens. This fhip was afterwards obliged 
 to be funk. 
 
 Supplies granted by Parliament for the fervice of the 
 * • •■ * •-'' year 1755. -^^ t^H4- .L..;ir.n;. 
 
 Four millions, feventy three thoufand, (tvtn 
 hundred, and twenty nine pounds. -I mi- ,i 
 
 • »•• y - *4t 
 
 
 • .;i.C. ^75^* 
 
1756. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 1756. 
 
 Jan. 1 6. A Treaty was fignM between the Kings 
 /\ of ^reat-Biitain and Pruflia, for 
 keeping all foreign troops out of the Empire. 
 
 February I ^. Colonel Yorkc, the King's Mi- 
 nifter Plenipotentiary at the Hague, demanded the 
 6000 men, which the Dutch were bound to fur- 
 nifh by treaty, when Great-Britain was in danger 
 of an Invafion. 
 
 ■ Feh. 13. Rear- Admiral Watfon, with the Kent; 
 Cumberland, Tiger, Salifbury, Bridgewater, and 
 King's Fifher floop •, and the following (hips be* 
 longing to the Company, viz. the Protedbor of 40 
 guns, the Revenge, Bombay, Grab, and Guar»- 
 dian frigates, the Drake, Warren, Triumph, and 
 Viper bomb-ketches, attack'd and reduc'd the 
 ftrong fort of Geri^h, belonging to Angria, and 
 the capital of his dominions. There were found 
 in the fort, 200 pieces of cannon, 6 brafs mor- 
 tars, a great quantity of ammunition of eveiy 
 kind, and money or e(fe6ls to the value of 120 or 
 1 30, 000 pounds fterling. The whole fleet of An- 
 gria was fet on fire and deftroy'd, by a (hell from 
 one of the fhips. It confifted of eight galliots, one 
 Ihip, two others building (oAe of which was to 
 have carried 40 guns) together with a confiderable 
 number of fmall vcflels call'd gallivats. Colonel 
 Clive landed his troops, to blockade the fort, and 
 prevent the Marattas from getting pofleflion of it 
 clandeftinely, to whom the Governor intended 
 to furrender it. The walls were of fuch an extraor- 
 dinary height and thicknefs, that no weight of me- 
 tal could have cffcfted a breach 5 the garrifon wafc 
 
 A3 fub- 
 
 ■^1;' 
 
 i j: 
 
6 Chronological Annals ^ys^' 
 
 fubdued by the terror alone of fo brilk and un- 
 ufual a fire. 
 
 Mar. 1 1. The Chev. d' Aubigny in the Prudent 
 of 74 guns, together with the frigates Atalanta 
 M. de ChafFault, and Zephyr M. le Touche de 
 Treville, took the Warwick of 6o Guns Captain 
 Shouldham, near Martinico. 
 
 March 27. The Sr. de Lery, Lieutenant of 
 the troops of the Colony, at the head of 500 Re- 
 gulars, Canadians and Indians ; attack'd, and took 
 Fort Bull (at a confiderable diftance from Olwego) 
 by aflault, putting the garrifon of 100 men to the 
 fword i the fort, after it was taken, blew up by 
 accident, with its magazine of Powder, (of 40,000 
 pound weight) bombs, bullets, grenades, other u- 
 tenfis of war, and a confiderable quantity of pro- 
 vifion. . . :- "> 
 
 May I. A treaty was fign*d at Verfailes, be. 
 tween the French King and the Emprefs-Queen, 
 by which the contrafting Parties reciprocally ob- 
 liged themfelves to the guaranty of all their Euro- 
 pean dominions ; and, in cafe of in attack from 
 any Power whatfoever, they mutuallw engag'd to 
 furnilh each other with 18000 foot and 6000 
 horfe i or with a proportionable fum of money, 
 after the rate of 8000 German florins for 1000 
 infantry, and 24000 German florins for 1000 ca- 
 valry, ; . 
 
 » t 
 
 May 17. Great - Britain declared War againft 
 France, . ; , %:; 
 
 May 1 7. There was a very warm engagement 
 off Rochfort, between the Aquilon of 48 guns M. 
 
 ,de 
 
1756. Of the War. 7 
 
 de Maurville, and the Fidelle of 36 guns M. de 
 llitardais, on the one fide ; and the Colchefter of 
 50 guns Captain Obrian, with the Lyme of 20 
 guns Captain Vernon, on the other. The combat 
 began about fix in the evening, and laded till half 
 an hour pad eleven between the Lyme and t'idelle, 
 and till half an hour pad twelve between the Col- 
 cheder and Aquilon. This aftion did great ho- 
 nour to the marine of both Nations. 
 
 May 20. The unfortunate engagement hap- 
 pened in the Mediterranean, between the Britifh 
 fquadron of 1 3 men of war exclufive of frigates, 
 commanded by admiral Byng; and the French 
 fquadron of 12 men of war exclufjve of frigates, 
 under the orders of the Marquis de la Galadionere. 
 Rear-Admiral Wed engaged brifkly with his divi- 
 fion J the Intrepide, Chederfield, Captain, and De- 
 fiance, fuffer'd confiderably. The Englifh had be- 
 tween 40 and 50 kiird, among whom were the 
 Captains Andrews and Noel, and 168 wounded. 
 The French acknowleged the lofs of 38 kill'd, and 
 1 84 wounded. Admiral Byng, return*d to Gibral- 
 tar i .and the Marquis de la Galaflionere, to his fta- 
 tion before Port-Mahon. 
 
 May 25. The States General came to a refolu- 
 tion, to obferve an exact neutrality in refpedt to 
 the war in America, between Great-Britain and 
 France. , - 
 
 June 4. The Suba, or Vice-Roy, of Bengal, ob- 
 liged the faftory of Coffimbuzar to furrender, hav- 
 ing previoufly made Mr. Watts, the chief of it, 
 prifoner *, whom he had inveigled out of the fort, 
 under the pretence of an accommodation. 
 
 
 m 
 
 :m 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 % 
 
 1,1 
 
 Jum 
 
P! 
 
 8 
 
 Chronological Annals 1756. 
 
 i'l 
 
 June 9. France dcclar'd War againft Great- 
 Britain. 
 
 I. 
 
 June 12. The Litchfield and Norwicli, part of 
 Commodore Spry*s fquadron, took off Louilburg 
 the Arc-en-Ciel, a French man of war of 50 
 guns, 578 men, of whom 190 were Ibldicrs, with 
 a great quantity of provificns and amunition for 
 the ufe of the garrifon of Louifburg. 
 
 June 20. The Suba of Bengal made himfelf 
 matter of Fort- William or Calcutta, the principal 
 fettlement of the Englifh down the bay. It is fi- 
 tuated on the eaftern banks of the weftermoft 
 branch of the Ganges, 25 miles below Hughly, 
 and about 21 below Chandernagore. One reafon 
 which induced the Nabob to make this attack, 
 was the imprifonment of Omychund, a Gentoo, 
 and a very confiderable merchant of the country, 
 confin'd at that time in Calcutta. After the fur- 
 render of the fort ; Mr. Holwell the Commander, 
 together with the officers and private perfons be- 
 longing to the fadtory, to the number, in the whole, 
 of ohe hundred and forty fix, were thruft into a 
 clofe room, a cube of eighteen feet, commonly 
 call'd the Black-Hole Prifon. The night was ful- 
 try, and this miferable place was open only to- 
 wards the weft by two windows ftrongly barr'd 
 with iron, which hardly admitted the leaft circula- 
 tion of frefh air. Mr. Holwell has given an ac- 
 count of the miferies they endur*d, in a very ele- 
 gant letter; and indeed they are not to be de- 
 fcrib'd, but by one who felt them. Twenty three 
 Perfons, came out of the Black-Hole alive ; after 
 having been confin'd from eight in the evening, 
 till a quarter after fix the next morning, - 
 
 June 
 
 

 756. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 
 Jufie 29. General Blakeney fnrrender'd Fort St, 
 Philip to the Marfhal Duke de Richelieu, after a 
 fiege of more than feven weeks from the opening of 
 the French batteries againft the place. Thelofsofthe 
 Englilh amounted t;o 3 officers kill'd and 5 wound- 
 ed, 71 private men kill'd, 326 wounded (25 of 
 whom died of their wounds ) 10 deftroy*d by 
 difeafe, and 17 miffing. The French acknowleg'd 
 the lofs of 13 officers and 419 private men kilFd ; 
 and 92 officers and 996 private men wounded. 
 
 July — The Sr. de Villiers, Captain in the 
 troops of the Colony, under the orders of the Mar- 
 quis de Vaudreuil, deftroy'd an Englilh convoy on 
 the river Choeguen, compos*d of near 200 loaded 
 veflels, and kiird or made prifoners 500 men. , 
 
 July 27. Le Heros M. Beauffier, L' Illuftre M. 
 de Montalais, with the frigates La Lycorne and 
 and La Syrene, failed out of Louilburg to engage 
 Captain Holmes, who was cruifing off the har- 
 bour with two Ihips of the iine and a frigate. By 
 the French account the Heros fought the two 
 great fhips alone, for 6 hours ; the Illuftre being 
 prevented by a calm from giving her any affiftance. 
 The Heros was a fin'* new (hip, but fo feverely 
 handled in the engagement, that fhe returned into 
 the harbour in a Ihatter'd condition. 
 
 j^uguft 14. The Marquis de Montcalm Marechal 
 de Camp, with near 3000 men, composed of the 
 batalions of Sarre, Guyenne, and Beam, (amount- 
 ing to 1300) the troops of the colony, Canadians, 
 and Savages, attack'd and took Fort-Ofwego on 
 the lake Ontark). Colonel Mercer, the Englilh 
 Commandant, was kill'd. The capture made upon 
 
 this 
 
 4-,t: 
 
 ■ nr 
 
w 
 
 10 Chronological Annals ^7S^' 
 
 this occafion confided of feven brafs, and 48 Iron, 
 canon ; fourteen brafs mortars ; forty-feven fwivel 
 guns ; twenty-three thoufand pound weight of 
 powder ; eight thoufand pound weight of lead and 
 ball ; two thoufand nine hundred and fifty bullets 
 of different fizes ; one hundred and fifty bombs of 
 nine inches, and three hundred of fix inches ; one 
 thoufand four hundred and feventy fix grenades -, 
 feven hundred and thirty fuzees for grenadiers, 
 three hundred and forty common fuzees •, feven 
 hundred and four hogfheads of bifcuit •, a very 
 great quantity of pork, beef, and meal ; thirty- 
 two oxen ; fifteen hogs ; together with a fmall 
 fum of money in the military cheft. The French 
 burnt a (kiff upon the ftocks ; and took a veflel 
 pierc'd for 1 8 guns ; a brigantine of 16; a veflel 
 of 10 ; one batteau of 10, and another of 8 guns, 
 with a Ikiff of i8 fwivels. A full detail of this im- 
 portant conqueft was publifh'd in Italian, under 
 the direction of the French Ambaflador at the 
 court of Naples ; to fink the credit of the Englifh, 
 and to imprefs a favourable idea of his mailer's 
 power, in that part of the world. The Englilh 
 garrifon in Fort-Ofwego of 1600 men, among 
 whom were eighty officers, were obliged to fur- 
 fender themfelves prifoners of war. — About the 
 fame time, the French took Fort-Granville on the 
 frontiers of Penfilvania. 
 
 OSlober i. The battle of Lowofchitz was fought 
 between the King of Pruffia and Marlhal Brown. 
 Both parties claim'd the vidlory. The King or- 
 der'd Te Deum to be fung, and a fermon to be 
 preach'd on Pfalm 20. v. 6. " Now know I, that 
 " the Lord faveth his Anointed : he will hear him 
 " from his holy heaven, with the faving ftrength 
 
 of his right hand,'* The Saxon army, on the 
 
 con- 
 
 ic 
 
 iimvUUMiiiHwiiiiMinii 
 
6. 
 
 n, 
 el 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 II 
 
 
 ri 
 
 «( 
 
 1756. ' 
 
 contrary, celebrated the vidory of the Auftrians in 
 a fermon upon Pfalm 10. v. 12, 13, 14, 17, 18. 
 " Arifc, O Lord ; O God, lift up thine hand : 
 ** forget not the humble. ' Wherefore doth the 
 " wicked contemn God ? he hath faid in his heart, 
 ** thou wilt not require it. I'hou haft feen it ; for 
 " thou beholdeft mifchief and fpite to requite it 
 " with thy hand : the poor committeth himfelf 
 " unto thee ; thou art the help of the fatherlefs. 
 ** Lord, thou haft heard the defirc of the humble : 
 " thou wilt prepare their heart, thou wilt caufe 
 " their ear to hear ; to judge the fatherlefs and 
 " the opprefs'd, that the man of the earth may no 
 more opprefs." — The aftion lafted feven hours. 
 The Pruffians computed their lofs at 52 3 kill'd, a- 
 mong whom were the Generals Luderitz, D'Oert- 
 zen, and Quadt, 600 wounded, and 250 taken 
 prifoners •, in all, 1373. The Auftrians own'd 19 
 officers kiird, among whom was General Radicati, 
 and 105 wounded; 420 private men kill'd, and 
 1729 wounded", and 711 miffing; in all, 2984. 
 General Lafcy, on their fide, diftinguifti*d himfelf 
 by his conduct and intrepidity. i ' 
 
 OSloher 16. The Saxon troops, inclos'd on eve- 
 ry fide, were obliged to furrender themfelves pri- 
 foners of war. They amounted to near 16000 
 men, according to an article in the Berlin Gazette. 
 
 Novemher 22. The Concord of 30 guns, one of 
 the beft frigates in the French navy, foundcr*d 
 upon fome rocks in her paflage from Morbihan to 
 Bourdeaux, and was irrecoverably loft; the men 
 and guns were fav'd. 
 
 December 30. Colonel Clive, with the affiftance 
 of the fquadron under Admiral Watfon, made 
 
 him- 
 
 
 
 
 
 l:ir! 
 
 i,''.!»l 
 
 ;i'(- 
 
 
it^i 
 
 !)::. 
 
 12 Chronological Annals 
 
 1756. 
 
 felf mafter of the fort of Bufbudgia, which, though 
 a place of (Irength, and capable of a good defence, 
 was taken with little lofs. . . * 
 
 Supplies granted by Parliament for the fervice of the 
 
 year 1756. 
 
 Seven millions two hundred twenty nine thou- 
 fand one hundred feventeen pounds, four Ihillings, 
 fix pence three farthings. 
 
 December — The Juno, a French frigate cruif- 
 ing off Minorca, ftruck upon a rock at the en- 
 trance into Mahon harbour, and funkj but the 
 crew and guns were faved. . ; , 
 
 A lift of fome confiderable privateers and armed mer- 
 chantmeny taken by his Majejlfs Jhips of war, 
 from, the firji of December i y^^. to the firji of 
 January 1757. 
 
 17 
 Bigot 
 of Dm 
 CigaU< 
 of St. 
 
 i755t 
 
 A veffel of 
 Prince d' Angola 
 privateer ' ,« , 
 
 guns 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 men 
 
 40 
 
 A veffel of 
 
 ytt^'-il': 
 
 r\\r: 
 
 H 
 
 LcCrand Cerfbf 22 
 
 10 
 
 '?^-r 
 
 Tht Rofe of 
 
 A privateer 6f 
 Dunkirk after a 
 fmart engagement 
 
 Grand Judeon 
 
 57 failors 
 183 foldiers 
 for Cape Breton 
 
 225 "^ ■ 
 90 
 
 8 carriage 7 g^ 
 Sfuivels } ^^ 
 
 24 
 
 190 
 
 A Merchant Man 22 
 
 captors 
 Savage (loop 
 Effex 
 
 Orford 
 
 Tartar 
 
 C. Lockhart 
 
 Tartar 
 
 C. Lockhart 
 
 Hazard floop 
 
 Tartar 
 
 C: Lockhart 
 
 irilbl 
 
 Bigot 
 
7S^' 
 
 Bigot privateer 
 of Dunldrk 
 Cigalle privateer 
 ofSt. Maloe 
 
 Op the War. 
 
 guns men 
 
 6 carriage ) -^ 
 lofwivdsl ^ 
 
 14 
 
 102 
 
 captors 
 
 Difpatch flbop 
 
 Unicorn 
 C. Edwards 
 
 -J -1 
 
 .•' i 
 
 »f| f 
 
 ■ r'" 
 
 1757- 
 
 Jan. I and 2. T)Art of the fleet under Admi- 
 n,v. -.-t^v j]^^ ral Watfon cannonaded the 
 
 batteries, which had been conftrudted by the Na- 
 bob for the defence of Calcutta, with fuch fuccefs, 
 that upon the debarkation of the troops, they were 
 abandon*d; the Englifh re-poflefs'd themfelves of 
 their dennolifh*d fettlement, and found a numerous 
 artillery on the batteries and in the fort. . 
 
 Jan. 5. Captain Smith in the Bridgewater, with 
 a floop of war and all the arm'd boats of the fleet, 
 faird up the river to Hughley, a populous town 
 full of warehovifes and magazines, which was re- 
 duced after a fliort but warm fire : in obedience to 
 orders, given with much reludtance, the houfes 
 were burnt, and all the magazines on both fides of 
 the river were eflFe(5l:ually deftroy'd. 
 
 Jan, — The Captains Rogers and Speakman, 
 with 70 Provincials under their command, were 
 attacked on their return to Fort Edward near Lake 
 George or St. Sacrament,. by a party of 200 French, 
 whom they obliged ro retreat after a very obftinate 
 engagement: the latter lofl:, at leaft, 50 men; 
 Captain Speakman, Lieutenant Kennedy, with 1 6 
 private m^, were kiird on the fide of the Englifti ; 
 and Captain Rogers was wounded in ievcral places, 
 
 Jan, 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 > *■ 
 u 
 
 A tj 
 
 f.n 
 
 1 
 
^ 
 
 
 ,"/ 
 
 'ill 
 
 14 Chronological Annals 1757* 
 
 Jan, — The Vengeance Privateer of St. Maloc 
 fought the Terrible Privateer Captain Death, for 
 7 hours i the prize belonging to the Terrible was 
 firft taken by the Vengeance, and then Captain 
 Death was attack*d by the joint force of thole 
 fhips ; at laft the Terrible ftruck, having only 26 
 men left out of 144 : the brave Captain loft his 
 life in this bloody engagement. The Vengeance 
 fufFer'd extremely, two thirds of her crew having 
 been deftroy'd ; almoft all the officers on both fides 
 were kill'd. The contributions which were gene- 
 roufly raifed for the relief of the furvivors, and the 
 widows of the flain, amounted to upwards of 
 500 pounds. 
 
 Jan. — The Pondicherry, of 1000 tons, an 
 Eaft-India (hip, bound from China to Port L'Ori- 
 ent, and valued at 160,000 pounds fterling, was 
 taken by the Dover of 40 guns Captain Hill. 
 
 Jan. — The gallant Captain Fortunatus Wright 
 of the King George privateer, fought the Hiron- 
 delle, a French polacco of a much luperior force, 
 mounting 26 guns with 283 men-, and, after two 
 vigorous engagements, obliged her to put back 
 into Malta to refit. - ... - ^ . 
 
 
 ! I 
 
 i I 
 
 Jan. — The Greenwich of 50 guns, was taken 
 by a French fquadron, confifting of 5 fail of the 
 line and a frigate. 
 
 Jan. — The Duke Packet, of 8 carriage guns 
 6 fwivcls and 26 men, was taken by the American 
 Privateer, of 10 carriage guns 16 fwivels and no 
 men ; Captain Owen Phillips commanded the 
 packet, and engaged the privateer, about 6 leagues 
 
 to 
 
^in^ 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 '5 
 
 to windward of Cape-Tibcroon, for near eleven 
 glafTes. The crew of the packet were cruelly ufcd 
 after the capture. 
 
 February 5. A detachment of feamen under 
 Captain Warwick, having join'd the land forces 
 commanded by Colonel Clive; the Colonel at- 
 tack*d the army of the Nabob, compos'd of horfe 
 and foot to the number of 40,000 men and up- 
 wards i the Englifh artillery, confifting of fix field 
 pieces and one haubitzer, play'd fo fuccefsfuUy on 
 the right and left, that the Nabob was diflodged 
 from his camp, and even obliged to abandon fome 
 of the polls that he took after his retreat. The 
 fmall army of the Englifh obtain'd this vidory 
 with inconfiderable lofs, having only 41 kill'd and 
 65 wounded. This fuccefs brought on a treaty 
 with the Nabob, by which the pofleffions, immu- 
 nities, and privileges of the Eaft-India Company 
 were confirm*dj fatisfadion was to be made for 
 paft injuries, permiffion was given to fortify Cal- 
 cutta, and the Company were allow'd to coin 
 their own imports of bullion and gold into ficcas. 
 
 March 8. The Suffolk captain William Wilfon, 
 Houghton C. Richard Walpole, and Godolphin 
 C. William Hutchinfon, all in the fervice of the 
 Eaft-India Company, engag'd a French man of 
 war of 60 and a frigate of 26 guns, which they ob- 
 liged to fheer off; and afterwards purfued their 
 voyage without interruption. 
 
 March 22. Fifteen hundred men, under the 
 orders of the Governour of Canada, fent upon an 
 expedition to Fort -William -Henry on Lake 
 George or St. Sacrament, fet fire to, and deflroy*d, 
 4 brigantines from 10 to 14 guns, two gallies with 
 
 50 oars. 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 ^^11 
 
 /<< 
 
 ii 
 
 
 !#!«i 
 
 I 
 
J' -I 
 
 «il 
 
 J 
 
 !!■ 
 
 *<•■ 
 
 s« 
 
 Chronological Annals 1757- 
 
 1 ,1 
 
 50 oars, upwards of 350 battoes, a large quantity 
 of fhip-titnber, a great number of field carriages, 
 and fome fmall magazines. The fort was preferv'd 
 by the want of wind. 
 
 « 
 
 March 23. Chandenagore, the chief of the 
 French fettlements in Bengal, fituated on a branch 
 of the Ganges, at a fmall dillance below Hughley, 
 was reduced by Admiral Watfon and Colonel 
 Clive. This place was fortified with various out- 
 works and batteries, and contain*d a garrifon of 
 500 Europeans and 700 Blacks, with fome mor- 
 tars, and near 200 pieces of cannon mounted. The 
 French had fent away fome of their merchandize 
 and the beft part of their efFefts. Befides ten Ihips, 
 funk above and below the Fort, the French loft 
 four floops and a fnow, which fell into the hands 
 of the Englilh •, they had 40 men killed and 70 
 wounded. On the part of the Englilh, Mr. Sa- 
 muel Perreau firft Lieutenant, Mr. Rawlins Hey 
 third Lieutenant of the Kent, the Mafter of the 
 Tyger, and the fon of Captain Henry Speke were 
 kiird, together with 32 private men; Admiral 
 Pocock, Mr. Stanton, and Captain Henry Speke 
 (the latter by the fame cannon ball which kill'd his 
 fon) were wounded, together with 100 private 
 men. 
 
 yipril 21. The Duke of Bevern, with about 
 20,000 men, defeated General Count Konigfegg 
 at the head of 28,000 men, who was advanta- 
 geoufly pofted at Reichenberg in Bohemia; the 
 Auftrians loft 1000 men in kill'd, wounded, and 
 prifoners 5 the Pruffians 300. 
 
 May 6, The King of PrufTia gain*d an Impor- 
 tant vidory near Prague, over the Auftrian army 
 
 com- 
 
 ^' 
 
 
1757' Op the War. ty 
 
 commanded by Prince Charles of Lorra. and 
 Marlhal Browne. 4000 prifoners, (exclufivc of 
 the wounded and thofe taken in the purfuic) 60 
 pieces of battering cannon befides field pieces, 10 
 itandards, and the military cheft, fell into the hands 
 of the conquerors. Marflial Browne died of a 
 wound he received in this battle, which was ren- 
 dred mortal by the chagrin that attended his de- 
 feat. The Pruflians loft 2500 kiird and 3000 
 wounded j Marlhal Schwerin was in the number of 
 the former i an aged General of confummate me- 
 rit, and the King of Pruflia's mafter in the art of 
 war. The following compliment is the beft enco- 
 mium upon Marlhal Schwerin's abilities ; his Pruf- 
 fian Majcfty told him in the winter, that he in- 
 tended to give him the command of 40,000 men ; 
 upon looking over the lift of the regiments, the 
 Marlhal obferved to the King, that he could find 
 but 30,000; I do'nt know, Marlhal, replied his 
 Majefty ; but including you, I am fure there arc 
 
 full 40,000. In confequence of the victories at 
 
 Reichenberg and Prague, the King of PrulTia 
 made himfclf mafter of many confidcrable maga- 
 zines in the kingdom of Bohemia. ' ;''> . 
 
 May 23 and 24. The Auftrian army befieg'd in 
 Prague, made a fally in the night, but were re- 
 puls'd with the lofs of above 1000 men kill'd and 
 wounded. ' -— 
 
 f 'V ( 
 
 rm 
 
 m 
 
 May •— The America of 600 tons from St. Do- 
 mingo, valued at 30,000 pounds, was taken and 
 brought into Yarmouth by the Squirrel. 
 
 m 
 
 The Superb of 750 tons, 24 guns, 50 fea- 
 
 men and 250 foldiers i and the Renown of 350 
 tons, 12 guns, 86 feamen and foldiers > both from 
 
 B Bour- 
 
I 
 
 
 iS 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 ^757- 
 
 Bourdeaiix to Quebec, nd rich prizes, were taken 
 by the Somerfet Captain Geary, in company with 
 the Rochcdcr. • 
 
 — The Aquilon man of war, of 48 guns, 
 450 men, was drove on fliore, and deftroy'd, by 
 the Antelope of 50 guns, near la Hogue Bay. 
 
 The Merlin floop of war was taken by the 
 
 Machault privateer, and carried into Breft. 
 
 Ju»g 14. The French attacked Bielfeld, in Weft- 
 phalia, ( ^o miles caft of Muniler) and carried ic 
 after a vigorous refiftance -, the Count de Chabot 
 chargM the rear of the Hanoverians in their retreat, 
 without iuccers. .. . \ . , . . ,. 
 
 June 18. The King of Pruflia with 32,000 men, 
 attack'd Marflial Daun at the head of near 60,000 
 near KoUin.j the latter was ported on a rifing 
 ground, defended by intrenchments, and by a nu- 
 merous and well ferv'd artillery. The adlion began 
 at half an hour after two in the afternoon, and 
 lafted till eight at night •, after fcven different un- 
 fuccefsful attacks with his infantry, the King 
 brought up his houfhold troops and fome dragoons 
 to the charge, but with the fame bad fortune. His 
 lofs was prodigious in the battle, and its neceffary 
 coniequences. The Aullrian Grenadiers behav*d 
 with remarkable intrepidity, and the Prince de 
 Lichtenftein directed the Artillery with judgment. 
 The kill'd and wounded, on the fide of the con- 
 querors, amounted to near 5000 men. 
 
 June 19. The town and fort of Cutwa, near the 
 ifland of Caflimbuzar, was attack'd and taken by 
 Colonel Clive, 
 
 June 
 
^757- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 .1 
 
 »9 
 
 June 22' Colonel Clive, at the head of looo 
 Europeans, 2000 Seapoys, 50 fcamen under thfc 
 command of a lieutenant, with 7 midfhipmen, and 
 8 pieces of cannon, engaged the army of the Suba 
 or Nabob of Bengal, in the plain of PlaifTy, which 
 confided ot near 15,000 horfc and between 20 and 
 30,000 foot, with upwards of 40 pieces of heavy 
 cannon dire(5led by Frenchmen, in whom the Suba 
 placed great confidence. A grove, cover*d on 
 every fide by mud banks, in the midft of the plain, 
 ihelterM the Englifh from the enemy's cannonade ; 
 who withdrew their formidable artillery within their 
 camp, upon the falling of a fmart Ihower of rain : 
 Colonel Clive availM himfelf of this capital error ; 
 and, by a well-plac*ji detachment, prevented them 
 from bringing out their artillery any more. He 
 then ftorm'd the eminences near their camp;* 
 which, together with the lols of fome perfons of 
 difl:intl:ion kill'd about this time, difpirited the Na- 
 bob's forces, and the right wing and center fled, 
 abandoning their camp and artillery : their lofs in 
 this decifive a6lion, was computed at about 500 
 men; but their precipitate flight, and the number 
 of cannon taken, anlwer'd all the purpofes of the 
 moft bloody vicflory. On the fide of the Englifh, 
 there were 20 kill'd and 50 wounded, the grcatefl 
 part of whicli were Seapoys. Meer Jaffier, who 
 commanded the Nabob's left wing, was in treaty 
 with the Englifli, and kept hovering at a diftance 
 with a great body of horlb, till the fate of the day 
 
 was dctermin'd. In confequence of this fuc- 
 
 cefs. Colonel Clive was invited to Muxadavad, 
 where he made his publick entry, and faw Meer 
 Jaffier featcd in form upon the mufnud or carpet 
 of ftate, and unanimously faluted Suba of Bengal, 
 Bahar, and Orixa : the unfortunate Nabob Suraja 
 Dowlat was privately put to death in the 25th 
 
 B 2 year 
 
 «* 
 
 ■ i I ' 
 
 4 
 
 1. : Sl iVj 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 
 
 il 
 
t'i 
 
 
 20 Chronological Annals ^ys?' 
 
 year of his age j the treaty made with Mecr Jaf- 
 fier, before his acceflion, was executed, as far as 
 the circumft^nces of the time would admit ; and 
 one moiety of the fum of two millions two hundred 
 and twelve thoufand five hundred pounds, was paid 
 in a fhort fpace v and funds were afterwards af- 
 fign'd for the payment of the other ; the French 
 were for ever prohibited from fettling in the three 
 provinces; the territory of the Company was en- 
 larg'd i the Nabob engag'd to ei:e61: no new fortifica- 
 tion near the Ganges, below Hughley; and he 
 gave the Company a leafe of the falt-petre of Pat- 
 na, which had formerly occafion'd continual dif- 
 putes between them and the Dutch. He alfo dif- 
 tributed 625,000 pounds fterling between the fea 
 fquadron ancl the troops. The importance of thefe 
 events, juftifies the minute detail that has been 
 given of them. ,., i- , ,, 
 
 jfum '26. Vizagapatam furrender'd to M. de 
 BufTy, the Chief, the Council, and all the- Offi- 
 cers, civil and military, were made prifoners of 
 war on their parole ; the Europeans in the garri- 
 fon, to the number of 140, were to remain pri- 
 foners during the continuance of the war, unlefs 
 fooner exchanged; the country troops had leave to 
 retire where they pleas'd. The French fat down 
 before this place with 850 JEuropeans, 6000 Sca- 
 poys, and a fmall body ofhorfe. ; - > .. ;:;•, 
 
 * June 27. Lieutenant John Peighin, commander 
 of the James and John tender •, having received two 
 broad fides from a large fnow with a tier of guns 
 fore and aft, and finding he could not board her 
 according to his firft defign, order'd his men to 
 fire .into her, which they did for an hour and an 
 half-, the (loop at lalt fiood from the tender, and 
 
 Lieute- 
 
 *i 
 
 f ' 
 
1757- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 21 
 
 Lieutenant Peighin made for the Downs in a fhat- 
 terM condition. In January 1758, he had the com- 
 mand of the Alderriey floop given him for his gal- 
 lant behaviour in this a(5lion. 
 
 June %%, Count Colloredo, Minifter Plenipoten- 
 tiary from the Emprefs Queen, acquainted Loid 
 Holdernefs by letter, that he had receiv'd orders 
 from his Miftrefs to leave the Kingdom, and defir'd 
 the neceflary Paflports. .' * . " . , ' ' 
 
 June — The Borrine of 14 guns and 60 men, 
 with ftores for Canada, was taken, arid brought 
 into Portfmouth, by the Harwich Capt. Rowley. -. 
 
 " The Due d' Aquitaine Eaft-Indiaman, of 
 50 guns 18 pounders, and 493 men, was taken by 
 the Eagle and Medway, after an engagement of 
 three Quarters of an hour. 
 
 The Nymph of 32 guns, a French frigate, 
 
 M. de Caillan Commander, was deftroy'd by the 
 Hampton-Court, Captain Hefvey, off Majorca. 
 
 July I. The Britannia privateer of Briflol, of 
 32 guns, nine and fix pounders, and 220 men. 
 Captain Fowler Commander, engag'd the Granville 
 Privateer very clofe, for thr.ee hours •, Ihe mount- 
 ed 36 guns, viz. 22 nine, and 4 twelve pounder's 
 on the main deck, 2 twelve pounders between 
 decks, and 8 four pounders on the quarter deck, 
 befides 5 fwivel guns; fhe carried 278 men ; her, 
 rigging being very confiderably damaged, the firft 
 and. fecond Captains kill'd, and about 50 or 6a 
 private men kill'd and wounded, fhe was obliged; 
 to fheer off; three quarters of an hour afterwards, ' 
 ftie blew up j all the crew periflied, except 4 per- 
 
 B 3 fons 
 
 ^ ^m■ 
 
 =r:i 
 
 : •■• ' ,'-?? 
 
 i 
 
 ii% 
 
m i' 
 
 22 Chronological Annals ^7S7* 
 
 Ions who were faved by the Britannia's bo:}t. The 
 Britannia's rigging was cut to pieces ; but ihe had 
 only 3 kiird and nine woundea in this memorable 
 adlion. , ,^, , , . .., ., . 
 
 July I. The Prince of Conti Indiaman, out- 
 ward bound for Pondicherry, M. Ic Mott Com- 
 mander, of 800 tons, 50 guns eighteen, twelve 
 and nine pounders, and 195 men, was taken by 
 five privateers ; fhe was laden with ftores, and haci 
 a confiderable fum of money on board. 
 
 July $. Embden furrender'd to the Marquis d* 
 Auv^t, Commander of the French troops in Eaft 
 Frizeland : part of 400 Pruflians, who compos'd 
 the garrifon, went on board the Squirrel Captain 
 Hyde Parker ; the reft were made prifoners of 
 war.. 
 
 .•n>T^?^ -'(■■•> 
 
 k -i I y 
 
 July 5. The city of Memel furrender'd to the 
 Rjti/Tians. 
 
 4t 
 
 July 13. The French took pofleflion of Caflel, 
 
 " ■ ' ■ "i ' . ■ ' • 
 
 July 16. Gottingen furrender'd to the Marquis 
 d' Armentieres, ' . 
 
 jik< 
 
 j: 
 
 July i() 3nd 20. Oftend and Newport admitted 
 French garrifons, under ihe command of Lieute- 
 nant General de la Motte. 
 
 r. 
 
 '"July 22. Colonel John Parker of the New-Jer-r. 
 fey Jle^imcnt;, "vvith 350 men, making an excur- 
 fion' by water on Lake George or St. Sacrament, 
 fell into an aimbufcade i the French (cill'd about 90 
 of this party, took upwards of loo prifoners, the 
 rcit made t£eir efcape. 
 
 \h' 
 
^ISI^ 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 23 
 
 July — Gabel was taken by the Auftrians. 
 
 July 23. Zittaii, in upper Lulatia, was taken 
 by the Auftrians, after a cannonade from eleven in 
 the morning till five in the evening : 547 houfes, 
 including brewhoufes, two cathedrals, all the 
 fteeples except that of Bautzen, the orphan houfe, 
 eight parfonage houfes and eight fchools, the 
 town-houfe, public weigh-houfe, and the prifon, 
 were laid in allies •, the archives, plate, and other 
 things of value, were confum'd. 
 
 July 25. The Southampton Captain Gilchrift, fell 
 in with two French frigates, and three fmall pri- 
 vateers, off the High-land of St. Albans -, he en- 
 gag'd one of them upwards of an hour and a half, 
 when Ihe made fignals for the other to bear down 
 to her afliftance •, Captain Gilchrift was put for 
 feme time between two fires ; the firft (hip conti- 
 nued the engagement upwards of an hour longer, 
 till ftie receiv'd a whole broadfide, which filenc*d 
 her entirely : the other Ihip then came up, fought 
 fmartly for about a quarter of an hour, after which 
 flie dropt a-ftern. The Southampton was left a 
 perfeft wreck, and unable to purfue ; (he receiv'd 
 eight very dangerous fliot between wind and wa- 
 ter, had ID men kill'd and 38 wounded, half of 
 them mortally : the frigate's weight of metal was 
 the fame with that of the Southampton. 
 
 July 26. After fome (kirmilhes on the 24th and 
 25ih, the French army, under the marfhal D'Etrees, 
 attacked that of the Allies commanded by the 
 Duke of Cumberland, near Haftenbeck : the dif- 
 pute was long and vigorous ; but, in the end, his 
 Royal Highncfs found himfelf obliged to retreat 
 
 to 
 
 
 tt.j 
 
 m 
 
 '■■ I* #.1 
 
 •• P-Ml 
 
 I ■ I- 
 I, 
 
 I 
 
 ,,,i>l 
 r:;'-'-;! 
 
 ife^.:^i 
 
 I ' ' 
 
 
Hi 'If 
 
 m 
 
 mm 
 
 mi 
 
 
 I; li 
 
 •"Cm 
 
 24 Chronological Annals 1757. 
 
 to Hamelen. The hereditary prince of Brunfwick, 
 and the Colonels Bredenbach and Dachenhaufen, 
 diilinguifh'd themfelves in this engagement. The 
 lols of the A.llies, in the three days, amounted to 
 327 kiird and 1127 wounded and miflingi by 
 a lift publifli'd in France, the kill'd and wounded 
 of the enemy exceeded 2000 men. 
 
 July iS. Hamelen furrender'd to the French: 
 Hanover being no longer cover'd, the Regency 
 fent deputies to the French army, to treat about 
 the contributions. 
 
 July ^i. The French took pofleflion of Min- 
 den. .- 
 
 j^ugufl J. The Sea-Horfe Captain Thomas Tay- 
 lor, and the Raven and Bonetta floops, engag'd 
 two fliips from Breft, each of which carried 40 
 guns, fomething more than 12 pounders : the 
 adion began at half an hour paft 12, off Oftendj 
 aad the two French fliips bore away to the leeward, 
 at three quarters pall three. Captain Taylor^ and 
 Captain Bover of the Raven, were wounded : the 
 Sea- Horfe had two men kill'd ; eight very dange- 
 roufly, and nine flightly wounded. The names of 
 the French frigates were, Le Chauvelin, and Le 
 M^rechal de BeUille j the Sea-Horfe mounted 20 
 guns, ,'. V > ^ • * • 
 
 .rf>. 
 
 Auguji 9. The Marquis de Montcalm, with near 
 10,000 regular troops, Canadians, and Indians, 
 made himfelf mailer of Fort-Williara-Henry, after 
 ^ ftiort flege i the garrifon, confilling of more than 
 2000 men, were difabled from lerving againft the 
 ^French or their allies, for the fpace of 1 8 months ; 
 ihc Marquis foi^nd magazines -of provifions and 
 
 ftores 
 
1757- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 25 
 
 ftores in the fort, the former of which were of 
 of great fervice to him j before he departed, he 
 raz'd tht tort, and the buildings round it, to the 
 ground. 
 
 Auguft — The French took Pofleflion of Brunf- 
 wick and Wolfenbuttle. 
 
 Auguft 23. The French enter'd the Hanoverian 
 camp at Verden. 
 
 Auguft 23. Gueldres capitulatjd to the French 
 upon honourable conditions. 
 
 Aug. 24 and 25. The Prince Edward of 36 guns. 
 Captain William Fortefcue : engag'd, about 30 
 leagues from Scilly, a French fhip of 48 or 50 
 guns, from fix in the evening till feven •, they re- 
 newed the combat at eleven the fame night, which 
 lafted till one in the morning ; they fought a third 
 time, from five till paft eleven in the morning, 
 when the French Ihip was oblig'd to Iheer off. 
 The Prince Edward had 10 men kill'd and 30 
 wounded, . ,,r ; • . 
 
 Auguft 30. ^larfhal Lehwald, with lefs than 
 30,000 men, attick'd 80,000 Ruflians under Mar- 
 ihalApraxin, . ; ar Grofs Jaegerfdorf, or Norkitten 
 in Pruflia; thw battle was obilinate and bloody, 
 and both fides had fome pretenfions to viftory: 
 three thoufand Prufiians were killed and wounded, 
 and the Ruffians left Sooo men on the field of 
 battle : the latter occupied a very advantageous 
 Camp, fortified with a great number of cannon. 1 
 
 V ■' 
 
 Auguft — The Merlin floop of war was retaken, 
 and brought into Plymouth by the Hochefter and 
 Chichcftcr. Sej>, 
 
 ^ m 
 
 rn 
 
 I y^', 
 
 VfM' 
 
 ^J| 
 
(«: 
 
 ■ ■A. *. 
 
 ^k 
 
 26 Chronological Annals. 1757. 
 
 ' September i. At 7 o' clock in the evening, a- 
 bout 19 leagues to windward of Barbadoes, the 
 Fawkner packet captain John Humphry, was at- 
 tack'd by a Schooner privateer of 14 guns and 
 near 140 men; a clofe engagement began, which 
 continued for four gliffes, when the privateer 
 fheer'd off; at 100* clock the next morning Ihe 
 attack'd the packet again for four glafles more, and 
 wa^ forced to fheer off a fecond time ; at one (he 
 m^de a third attack, hoifting her bloody flag, and 
 order'd the packet to ftrike : but after fighting 
 for two glafles, her men abandoned their quarters, 
 and the packet got fafe into Barbadoes the next 
 day. Captain Humphry had eight carriage guns 
 and twenty fix men. 
 
 September — The Swedes invaded Pruflian Po- 
 merania. 
 
 %m 
 
 ;ri;.<i! 
 
 September — The city of Bremen was taken 
 poflTeflion of, by the French. 
 
 September 6. Bautzen was taken by General 
 Haddick. 
 
 ,1!!!' 
 
 September 7. The Generals Nadafti and D'Arem- 
 berg, attack'd and forced an eminence near Hen- 
 nerfdorf, planted with cannon, and defended by- 
 three Pruflian battalions ; General Winterfcld was 
 kiird by a cannon ball, as he march'd out of his 
 camp to fupport the eminence ; upon which, his 
 troops retir'd to the Neifs. This affair coft thfc 
 Prufllans 1000 men, 6 pieces of cannon, and as 
 many colours. Thclofs of the Auflrians was con- 
 fiderable. 
 
 ^ .^•^'- Sep- 
 
 :•• ,-fi':. 
 
 '■o?; 
 
 m\<i 
 
^711^ 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 27 
 
 September — The Auftrians enter*d Gorlitz, 
 upon the retreat of the prince of Bevcrn. 
 
 September 8. A convention was fign'd at the 
 camp at Clofter-Seven, by which the troops of 
 Helfe, Brunfwick, Saxe-Gotha, and Lippe-Biickc- 
 bourg, were to be fcnt back to their refpeftivc 
 countries ; fifteen Hanoverian battalions, and fix 
 fquadrons, were to pafs the Elbe ; the remaining 
 ten battalions, and twenty eight fquadrons, with 
 the whole body of Hunters, were to be placed in 
 the town of Stade, or canton'd within the line, 
 drawn betweei> the mouth of the Luhe in the Elbe, 
 and the mouth of Elmerbcck in the Oile, and not 
 to be recruited on any pretext whatfoever •, and the 
 French were to keep all the polls and countries, of 
 which they were then in pofTeffion. 
 
 September 8. The Efcarboucle, a French frigate 
 of 16 guns and no men, was carried into Guern- 
 fey by the Ifis. 
 
 September 13. The Ruffian army retreated out of 
 Pruffia, with great precipitation. 
 
 September 23. The Magnanime Captain How, 
 and the Barfleur, C. Greaves, part of Sir Edward 
 Hawke's fquadron, obliged the garrifon in the fort 
 of Aix, to ftrike their colours, and furrcnder -, 
 eight mortars and thirty pieces of cannon were 
 found in the fort, the works of which were blown 
 up and demolifli'd, 
 
 Sept. 24 and 25. The fleet under the command 
 of Vice- Admiral Holbourne fufFer*d great Damage 
 inaitormi towacds the evening of the 24th, they 
 
 were 
 
 ' ■■ n: 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 
28 
 
 Chronological Annals 1757. 
 
 were about ten leagues fouth of Louilburg, when it 
 began to blow very hard at eaft \ but veering round 
 to the fouthward, it blew a perfedb hurricane till 
 near eleven the next day. Ten Ihips of the line were 
 difmafted, eighty guns thrown over-board, and 
 ten men drown*d : the Tilbury of 60 guns captain 
 Barnfley, drove on the rocks off Cape Foucett, and 
 was loft: out of all the Officers, three Lieute- 
 nants, one Lieutenant of Grenadiers, two Matter's 
 Mates, and nine Midlhipmen were faved ', part 
 of the private feamen were alfo providentially pre- 
 ferv'd. • ' • • !• 
 
 September 16, The Prince of Bevern abandon'd 
 Lignitz in Silefia, to the Auftrians. 
 
 September 29. Sir John Mordaunt and the land 
 Officers agreed, in a council of war, to return to 
 England. Sir John was afterwards tried, by a ge- 
 neral court martial, for the failure of the expedi- 
 tion to Rochfort, and was unanimoufly and ho- 
 nourably acquitted of the charge exhibited againft 
 him. 
 
 m 
 
 05ioher — The Lutine a French frigate, foun- 
 der'd in a ftorm at fea, and every Perfon perifh'd. 
 
 06lob. 16. General Haddick enter'd the fuburbs 
 of Berlin, and levied a contribution of 200,000 
 crowns upon that city. , .. . :, 
 
 OSlober 21. The Augufta of 60 guns 390 
 men. Captain Arthur Foreft, with the Dreac^- 
 nought Captain Suckling of 60 guns ^75 nien, and 
 the Edingburgh Captain Langdon of 64 guns 467 
 men, had the confidence to engage a French fqua- 
 dron, off Cape. Francois, compofcd of the follow^ 
 
 ing 
 
^7 Sl- 
 
 ot THE War. 
 
 39 
 
 ing line of battle (hips and frigates — The Intre- 
 pide of 74 guns 900 men M. de Kerfin, the Scep- 
 tre of 74 guns 750 men M. Clavau, the Opiniatre 
 of 64 guns 640 men M. de Molcan, the Green- 
 wich of 50 guns ;iri men M. de Faucault, the 
 Outarde of 44 guns 350 men, the Sauvage of 30 
 guns 200 men, and the Unicorn of 30 guns 200 
 men. The a6lion began about 20 minutes after 
 three in the afternoon, with great brifknefs on both 
 fides, and continued for two hours and an half, 
 when the French Commodore made a fignal, and 
 one of the frigates immediately came to tow him 
 out of the line, and the reft of the French fhips 
 followed him. The Englilh fhips had fuffer'd fo 
 much in their mafts, fails, and rigging, that they 
 were unable to purfue them. The lofs of the 
 French amounted to near 500 kill'd and wound- 
 ed i that of the Englifh only to 23 kill'd and 89 
 wounded. - , 
 
 li 
 
 ■):;i 
 
 (if ^' ti 
 
 
 November 5. The King of Pruflia with lefs than 
 20,000 men, attacked the combined army of French 
 and Imperialifts, near Rofbach, amounting to 
 50,000 fighting men, and gave them an entire de- 
 feat ; three thoufand of the enemy were left on the 
 field of battle ; and, in the courfe of the aiftion 
 and puifuit, eight French Generals, 250 Officers of 
 different ranks, and 6000 common men were made 
 prifoners *, fixty three pieces of cannorr, 1 5 ftand- 
 ards, two pair of kettle drums, and feven pair of 
 colours were taken. The Count de Revel, bro- 
 ther to the Duke de Broglio died, at Merfeburg, 
 of his wounds. The vanquifliM army was com- 
 manded by the Princes Soubife and Saxe-Hild- 
 berghaufen. The lofs of the Pruffians in kill'd 
 and wounded did not amount to 300 men. 
 
 mg 
 
 . V 
 
 No- 
 
fl 
 
 1 I 
 
 !!■ 
 
 
 'ti.. 
 
 I* '^ 
 
 30 
 
 Chronological Annals 1757. 
 
 November 12. The Auftrians took Schwcidnitz, 
 the garrilbn of 4000 effcdtivc men furrcndering 
 themfclves prifoners of war. 
 
 November — The garrifon of Schwcidnitz, on 
 hearing the News of the King of Pruflia's vidory 
 at Rolbacli, fell upon their cfcourt, and defeated 
 it ; and afterwards join'd the King upon his 
 
 march. 
 
 ■ » ' - »......■ 
 
 November 22. The Hermione frigate of 26 thir- 
 teen pounders and 2 nine pounders, was taken, af- 
 ter a five hours engagement, by the Unicorn of 
 28 guns Captain Moore. ;, . :. ,. 1. . : :'. 
 
 November 22. Prince Charles of Lorrain, and 
 Marflial Daun, attack'd and forced the intrench- 
 ments of the Prince of Bevern, near BreGau. The 
 heat of the adlion lafted near five hours •, and the 
 AuCiians purchas*d vidory with the blood of their 
 befl troops •, General Wurben on their fide, and 
 General Kleift on that of the Pruffians, were kiird 
 in this defperate engagement. The Prince of Be- 
 vern was taken prifoner in the morning of the 
 24th, as he was reconnoitring the pofuion of the 
 Auftrian army. . - .•; r 
 
 November 23. The Pluflar of 28 guns Captain 
 Elliot, together with the Dolphin of 2 4 guns, funk 
 a two-deck'd French (hip, with one tier of guns 
 mounted j not a fingle man was faved, 
 
 November 25, The City of Breflau capitulated-, 
 and the garrifon had leave to depart, on condition 
 of their not ferving againft the Emprefs Qiieen, 
 during the whole courfe of the war. 
 
 Be- 
 
^ISl' 
 
 Of THE War. 
 
 3» 
 
 December 5. The King of Priiflla left Leipfick 
 on the 1 2th of November j and after having pafs'd 
 the Elbe at Torgau, he purfued his march with all 
 diligence, by Groflenhayn, Koningfbriick, Ca- 
 mcntz, Bautzen, Gorlitz, Naumburg on the Queils, 
 Deutmanfdorf, Lobedau, and arrived at Parchnitz 
 near the Oder on the 28 th, where he wasjoin'd by 
 the Prince of Bevern's army on the 2d of Decem- 
 ber, which had crofs'd the Oder at Glogau. On the 
 4th the King proceeded to Newmarck, and on the 
 5th gave battle to Prince Charles and Marfhal 
 Daim near the village of Leuthen, obtain'd a molt 
 amazing vidlory, and purfued the Auftrians as far 
 as LifTa. The Pruflian Officers and common fol- 
 diers behav*d to admiration in the adlion. In this, 
 and the following days of purfuit, the Auftrians 
 loft 307 Officers and 2 1 500 foldiers made prifoners, 
 befides 1 1 6 pieces of cannon, 5 1 colours and ftand- 
 ards, and 4000 waggons of ammunition and bag- 
 gage taken. Their kill'd amounted to 6000 men. 
 The Pruflians eftimatcd their lofs at no more than 
 500 kiird and 2300 wounded. This famous action 
 began at one o* clock in the afternoon, and ended 
 at four. The Auftrian army was at leaft, one 
 third more numerous, than that of the King of 
 Pruffia. . . 
 
 it- 
 
 December 6. The Bien Acquis, or Abenakife, x 
 French frigate of 38 g ns and 300 men Captain 
 M*Cartniey, was brought up to Portfmouth by the 
 Chichefter Capt. WilJet. 
 
 December 20. The city of BreQau furrender'd to 
 the King of Pruflia, and the garrifon of near 
 14,000 men fick and wounded included, were made 
 prLlbners of war. 144,000 florins were found in the 
 
 mili' 
 
 ■ V 
 
 ■ 4 
 
 
 <' '] 
 
 « '.. 
 
 il 
 
 
 
 \.k 
 

 
 i 
 
 1 
 
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 'A\ 
 
 
 |Hi|;i 
 
 ! Up 
 
 1 
 
 32 Chronological Annals ^7S7* 
 
 military chefl: •, 37 pieces of PrufTian cannon loft 
 in the a(5lion of the 2 2d, were retaken, with 44 
 pieces of Auftrian cannon, and all the artillery of 
 the place. 
 
 f ■ ■ * • 
 
 December 29. Lignitz furrendcr'd to the King of 
 PruQla. :r:i. 
 
 December 29, The caftlc of Harburg capitulated, 
 and the garrifon obliged themfelves not to ferve 
 againft the King of Great Britain during the War. 
 The Kings of Great Britain and France mutually 
 accufed each other of infringing the capitulation of 
 Clofter Seven. , 
 
 
 . December 29. The Swedes in Demmin capitu- 
 lated. 
 
 * •• ■» ft- t' : 
 
 .* '-. '^ I 1 
 
 December 30. The Swedes abandon*d Andam, 
 which Marfhal Lehwald took pofleffion of, and 
 found in it 1 50 prifoners with a confiderablc ma- 
 gazine of provifions and amunition, feveral pieces 
 of iron cannon, and a large quantity of regimental 
 cloathing. 
 
 ^«, . jji ^ 
 
 
 Before the end of the year, the Pruflfian General 
 Werner, with a corps of cavalry, took pofTefTion of 
 Jagerndorf, Troppau, and Teflchen in Upper Si- 
 lefia. 
 
 Sullies granted by Parliament for the fervice of the 
 
 'year 1757. 
 Eight millions, three hundred fifty thoufand, 
 three hundred twenty five pounds, nine fliillings 
 and three pence. ^^ £ < '''^^ '■■' 
 
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42 Chronological Annals. 1757. 
 
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 THE War, 
 
 43 
 
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 44 Chronological Annals 1757. 
 
 •= s 
 
 
 
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 rtf 'U 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 S^ 
 
 
 
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 s 
 
 
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J75S« 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 45 
 
 ♦ ' "ii 
 
 1758. 
 
 A Merchant-man of 300 tons, 8 
 
 January 2. ^__ 
 
 guns, 23 fcamen, and 19 foldiers, 
 was taken by the Sterling-Caftle and Eflex, and 
 another merchantman of 350 tons, 20 carriage 
 guns, 10 fwivels, 61 feamen and 20 foldiers, by 
 the LoweftofFc i both bound to Louilburg, witn 
 provifions. 
 
 Jan. 17 and 18. Captain Richard Tyrrell of the 
 Buckingham, in company with the Cambridge, 
 deftroy'd a fort in Grand Ancc Bay which mounted 
 fcvcn guns 18 and 24 pounders, and made himfelf 
 mafter of four privateers -, near 90 Frenchmen 
 were kill'd in this adlion : he afterwards took a 
 fchooner, and obligM the inhabitants to fink an- 
 other privateer, to prevent her from falling into his 
 hands. — The failors, flufli'd with vidlory, earneft- 
 ly defir'd permiflion to deftroy a village that lay 
 clofe to the fort, to whom their generous Com- 
 manded made this remarkable anfwer, " Gentle- 
 " men, its beneath us to render a number of poor 
 " people miferablc, by deftroying their habitations, 
 and little convcniencies of life ; brave Englilh- 
 men fcorn to diftrefs even their enemies, when 
 not in arms againft them." This prevail'd ; his 
 people anfwer'd him with three cheers, weigh*d 
 anchor, and failed. 
 
 Jan. 22. The RufTians took pofleflion of Ko- 
 ningfberg, the capital of PrulTia, 
 
 Jan. 
 
 u 
 
 <( 
 
 (( 
 
 I 
 
 Ay 
 
 h 'I 
 
 
,;■<' 
 
 .ilM. 
 
 !)!■'» 
 
 'll'i 1 
 
 
 
 lir:H 
 
 hi; 
 
 It 
 
 i. .1, 
 
 46 Chronological Annals 1758. 
 
 jfart. — The Opiniatre of 64 guns, and the 
 Greenwich of 50, were loll in a lucklen fquall of 
 wind, as they were going into the harbour of 
 Brelb •, their cargoes were valuable, out of which 
 little was faved, except indigo in a bad condition. 
 
 February 18. The Marquis de Ville, diflodgVl 
 the Prufllans from 'IVoppau, in upper Silefia. 
 
 Feb. 19. The Invincible of 74 guns Capt. Bent- 
 ley, ran alhore on a Ihoal of land caird the Dean, 
 about four miles to the Ibuthward of South Sea 
 Caftle, and was loft i the men, Ilores, and moll 
 of the guns were faved. 
 
 Feb. 20. The caftle of Rottenbourg furrenderM 
 to the Hanoverians, after a refiftance of fix hours, 
 and the garrifon of about 150 men were made Pri- 
 foners of war. 
 
 Feb. 23. The French evacuated the city of Bre- 
 men. 
 
 Feb. 23. The Hereditary Prince of Briinfwick, 
 with two battalions of Hanoverians, two of Brunf- 
 wickers, and fome hundred Chafieurs, Huifars, 
 and light troops, attack'd and made himfelf mafter 
 of the town of Hoya upon the Wefer ; the action 
 was ftiarp and memorable -, many of the French 
 were kill'd, and 670 made prifoners : the Count 
 de Chabot retreated with two battalions into the 
 caftle-, to whom the hereditary Prince granted an 
 honourable capitulation, on the condition of his 
 leaving all the cannon, amunition, and provifions 
 behind. The lofs of the Allies, in kill'd and wound- 
 ed, did not amount to 100 men. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 
 i; ^ 
 
 ^7S 
 
758. 
 
 i\ the 
 jail of 
 )ur of 
 which 
 dition. 
 
 lodged 
 I. 
 
 Bent- 
 Dean, 
 th Sea 
 J mofl; 
 
 :nderM 
 hours, 
 de Pri- 
 
 )f Bre- 
 
 fwick, 
 iBrunf- 
 !uirars, 
 |m after 
 
 adion 
 
 Vench 
 ICount 
 
 :o the 
 Ited an 
 |of his 
 ifiona 
 
 round- 
 
 Feb. 
 
 1758. 
 
 Of the Waiu 
 
 47 
 
 Feb. 26. The Marquis tf*Annentiers, and the 
 Marquis de Rochepine, wiirhdrcw the French gar- 
 rifon from Zcll. 
 
 Felf. 28. The Prince de Clermont, and the Duke 
 de Randan, evacuated Hanover. 
 
 Fei/. 28 and 29. The Revenge of 64 guns Cap- 
 tain Storr, fupported by the Berwick of 64 guns 
 Captain Hughes, and the Prefton of 50 guns Cap- 
 tain Evans, took the Orphee of 64 grns 502 men, 
 commanded by M. de Herville j and the Man- 
 mouth of 64 guns Captain Gardiner, fupportec' by 
 the Swiftfure of 70 guns Captain Stanhope, ar .] the 
 Hampton Court of 64 guns Captain F-iarvey, took 
 the Foudroyant of 80 guns 800 men, on board ol 
 which was the Marquis du Quefne, Chef d*Ef .aJre : 
 the Mountagu of 60 guns Captain Rowle^, and 
 the Monarch of 74 guns Captain Mountagu, ran 
 the Oriflamme of 50 guns on ihore under the caftle 
 of Aiglos, but fpared her out of refpecfl to the 
 neutrality of the coaft of Spain : the Pleiade of 24 
 guns, outfailed the Englifli (hips, and eicaped. 
 — Captain Storr loft the calf of one of his legs, 
 and Captain Gardiner was kill'd ; Lieutenant Car- 
 ket fucceed.ed to the command of the Monmouth, 
 and continued the engagement v/r:h diftinguilh'd 
 bravery. During the adtion. Admiral Ol borne, 
 with the body of his fquadron, flood off the Bay 
 of Carthagena, to watch the French fleet, in that 
 harbour, under the command of M. de la Clue. 
 The Foudroyant and Orphee fuffer'd fo feverely in 
 the battle, that they probably would have furren- 
 der*d to the Monmouth and Revenge, if no other 
 ihips had came up. 
 
 Marcb 
 
 
 
 :! '4! 
 
 "I; 
 
 'i 
 
 Tiff* 
 
48 
 
 Chronological Amnals 1758. 
 
 li P 
 
 ;Jii' 
 
 March 3. Six hundred Pruflian Dragoons and 
 Huffars, attack'd and defeated, near Lauenau, a 
 party of 600 French horfe and 300. foot j of which 
 300 were kill'd and 176 made prifoners. 
 
 Mar, — Minden furrender'd to the Hanove- 
 rians, and the garrifon of 3516 men were made 
 prifoners of war. 
 
 Mar. 13. Major Rogers, the famous Ranger, 
 having march'd with about 180 men from Fort 
 Edwards towards Ticonderoga, was attack'd by the 
 French and Indians to the number of 30a, at the 
 diftiince of about 5 miles weft from that place ; 
 of thefe he kilFd 40, the greateft part Indians j 
 but the French being reinforc'd from their fort, 
 renew'd the engagement, when Major Rogers af- 
 ter an obftinate difpute was obliged to make a pre- 
 cipitate retreat, with the lofs of 137 men kill'd 
 and prifoners; the French were reported to be 
 700 men-, they fufFer*d confiderably in the Ac- 
 tion. 
 
 Mi'liiijllliri 
 
 i]:!i!!il'^ 
 
 Mar. 13. The Swedilh garrifon in the Fort of 
 Pennamunde on the Ifle of Ufedom, confifting of 
 8 officers and 1 80 foldiers furrender'd prifoners of 
 
 war. ; ,v;V.,v- \ •,...■■ ••;:. •,..■-•-* M r>.'-^- 
 
 Mar. 19 and 20. The French and Auftrians, to 
 the number of 3720, evacuated Embden, on the 
 arrival of Commodore Holmes with the fhips Sea- 
 Horfe and Strombolo. 
 
 
 Mar. 20. The French evacuated the town of 
 Munden, without committing the Icaft diforder. .. 
 
 Mar. 
 
75^* I tys^ 
 
 1 
 
 and 
 lu, a 
 vhich 
 
 nove- 
 made 
 
 anger, 
 1 Fort 
 by the 
 at the 
 place ', 
 idians; 
 r fort, 
 ;ers af- 
 : a pre- 
 kiird 
 to be 
 le Ac- 
 
 i^ort of 
 ing of 
 ers of 
 
 lans, to 
 
 Ion the 
 
 )s Sea- 
 
 )wii of 
 rdcr» -, 
 
 Mar. 
 
 bp THE War. 
 
 49 
 
 Mar 21. The French evacuated CafleL 
 
 March — The Facifique of Nantz, from Mau- 
 ritius to Port L'Orient^ with a rich cargo, was 
 taken by the Windfor Captain Faulkner, and 
 brought into Ply mouthi 
 
 ■,.•■*■/»'■ 
 
 ' i\ . 
 
 March — The French abandon'd the town of 
 Munfter, on the march of Prince Ferdinand to 
 SafTenbergj they alfo evacuated Paderborn and 
 Lipftadt about the fame time* 
 
 March — A Corps of Huflars df the allied ar- 
 my j attacked the rear guard of the French near 
 Soeft in the county of Mark, made a confiderable 
 number of prifoners, and took ten 24 pounders, 
 five 6 pounders, together ^ith a large magazine; 
 
 Jpril — The cattle 6f Vcchtc, in which there 
 Was a garrifon of feven companies, ibrrendfer'd, by 
 capitulation, to an Hanoverian Captain with a de- 
 tachment of 150 men from Bremen-, upwards of 
 100 pieces of caopon and mortars were found in 
 the placCi . ... . .- .j ^^ * 
 
 Jpril — The Mount-Martin Eaft-tridiamih, df* 
 16 guiis 75 men, homeward bound, laden with 
 coIFee and bale goods, was taken by the Dublin 
 Captain Rodney. 
 
 j^pril 4. Sir Edward Hawkey with 7 (hips of the 
 line and 3 frigates, oblig*d a French fquadrOri, ly- 
 ing off the ide of Aix, and confifling of 5 fhips of 
 the line and fix or (even frigates, with 40 mer- 
 chant (hips, to cut, and flip their cables^ and run 
 in great confufion ) they threw over board their 
 
 D guns, 
 
 ■V, ;: 
 
:;.i'i'( 
 
 
 
 
 .:i. 
 
 
 iii|ii:!iJl),." ■! (| 
 * M' ''' 
 
 m 
 
 :;M 
 
 m 
 
 :M1,;!I'H 
 
 £0 Chronological. Annals ^758. 
 
 guns, {lores, and ballafl ; fome of the men of war 
 got as far up as the mouth of the Charante •, the 
 merchant (hips were aground towards lile Ma- 
 dame ; the boats of the KngHIh frigates cut away 
 about 80 buoys, which were laid on their anchors, 
 and on what they had thrown over board. The 
 fhallownefs of the water prevented Sir Edward 
 from doing a more cflential fervice to his coun- 
 try. 
 
 yfpril 7. The Galathee frigate of 22 guns 200 
 men, was taken by the ElTex Captain Campbell. 
 
 The Prince George of 80 guns Captain Payton, 
 in which Admiral Broderick hoifted his flag, took 
 fire, and was confum'd j the people on board of 
 her were about 780, but the number loft far ex- 
 ceeded the number faved. . , 
 
 April 16. Schweidnitz furrender'd to the King 
 of Pruffia, after 1 5 days open trenches, one of the 
 works of the place having been taken the night 
 before by ftorm. The garrifon of 173 officers, 
 ,3439 foldiers, 1300 fick, inaii49i2, were made 
 priloners of war. 150 pieces of cannon with the 
 Pruffian arms, 40 with thofe of the Emprefs 
 Queen, 19 mortars, and near 18000 mufkets, were 
 found in this fortrefs. During the long blockade, 
 the Auftrians loft between three and four thoufand 
 men by difeafes. . • 
 
 J April -— K French frigate of 32 guns, was re- 
 ported to be taken by Sir Charles Hardy. 
 
 April 28. The Bridgcwatencrf*24 guns, arid tlie 
 Triton of 20, being furrounded in St. David's 
 
 4 
 
 abou 
 from 
 an h< 
 line, 
 fleet 
 to the 
 own 
 cd in 
 29 kil 
 be ace 
 difmal 
 trary, 
 in his 
 lant be 
 tains 
 (on, ar 
 the Ya 
 claim 1 
 any de 
 con tin u 
 fldes ; 1 
 next D{ 
 to repai 
 
 A ft ate 
 
 fliips. 
 
 Le Zodi 
 LeCom 
 not in t 
 Le Bien 
 
 Le Vea 
 

 S8- 
 
 war 
 the 
 Ma- 
 iway 
 hors, 
 The 
 ward 
 :oun- 
 
 S 200 
 
 )ell. 
 
 ayton, 
 , took 
 ard of 
 ar ex- 
 
 King 
 of the 
 night 
 kers, 
 made 
 h the 
 tnprefs 
 s, were 
 ckade, 
 oufanU 
 
 ?as rc- 
 
 Ind tl« 
 )avid's 
 
 1% 
 
 3 
 
 i7SS. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 ii 
 
 Road by the French fleet, were obliged to be run 
 alhore, and burnt. 
 
 Jj}nl 29. Admiral Pocock engag'd M. D'Ache, 
 about (even leagues weft by north of Alamparvey, 
 from three o' clock in the afternoon till paft half 
 an hour after four, when M. D'Ache broke the 
 line, put before the wind, and was followed by the 
 fleet under his command. The French, according 
 to the reports of the Dutch, and of feveral of their 
 own officers, had 600 men kilFd and many wound- 
 ed in the adlion ; the Englifh loft no more than 
 29 kill'd and 30 wounded, which difparity can only 
 be accounted for, by the enemy's endeavouring to 
 difmaft the Englifh ftiips, while thole, on the con- 
 trary, fired at the French hulls. Admiral Pocock, 
 in his letter to the Admiralty, commended the gal- 
 lant behaviour of Commodore Steevens, the Cap- 
 tains Kempenfelt, Latham, Somerfet, and Harri- 
 fon, and of all the Officers and Men belonging to 
 the Yarmouth. The French, if they did not lay 
 claim to vidory, refolv'd, at leaft, not to confefs 
 any defeat : they acknowledged that the adtion 
 continued till night, with great vivacity on both 
 fides •, that a fecond engagement was expedled the 
 next Day ; but that the Englifh retired to Madrafs 
 to repair the damage they had received. 
 
 A ftate of the two fleets, from the journal of Count 
 U Ache's fquadron, 
 
 fhips. guns, fhips. ,,^ guns. 
 
 Le Zodiaque 74 Yarmouth 70 
 
 Le Comte de Provence 58 Elizabeth - 70 
 
 not in the aftion. . Cumberland 70 
 
 Le Bien Aime 58 Newcaftle 70 
 
 LeVengeur 54 Weymouth 6a 
 
 D 2 Lc 
 
 '! i«. 
 
 m 
 
 ■■'# '\^m 
 
 '7 ■;<»»« 
 
 >'<: '\43Ik' 
 
 'd 
 
 H'ftii 
 
i ' I.:.;!' 
 
 ■■i .'. 
 
 I'mh 
 
 ■ilV 
 
 
 ''tp'.'';!i[i 
 
 im 
 
 : : ■ 1 1 
 
 
 52 Chronological Annals 1758. 
 fhips, .• ; ,, ': - I guns, fhips ..,,,,• guns. 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 44 
 20 
 
 Le Due d'Orleans 50 Tyger - : 
 
 Le Due de Bourgogne 50 SalHbury 
 
 Le St. Louis - 50 Protedlor 
 
 Le Conde ' , ' ;' " 50 Queenborough 
 
 Le Moras vx,/; w ^q , ,, . , 
 
 La Sylplide * -i" ^o • •• ■ v' 
 
 LaDilifvwe ' '^«- 26 ^ • • / 
 
 not in theadlion. 
 
 A ft ate of the two fleets^ from Jdmiral Po cock's 
 
 letter^ 
 
 M -J/-, 
 
 '1 €". 
 
 guns. 
 
 66 
 « 64 
 
 • 64 
 
 60 
 60 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 fliips. ., - . . , guns, fliips. \^' 
 
 Le Zodiaque '" 74. Cumberland 
 
 Le Bien Aime ■•' 74 Yarmouth « 
 
 Le Cointe dc Provence 74 Elizabeth ^ ' 
 
 to leeward of the French Weymouth ' 
 
 line. Tyger -i 
 
 Le Vengeur 74 Newcaftle 
 
 Le St. Louis •' 64 vSalifbury 
 
 Le Due d'Orleans 60 Queenborough fri 
 
 Le Due de Bourgogne 60 gate. 
 
 Le Conde 50 Prote^or ftorefhip. 
 
 Le Moras ' 50 
 
 LaSylphide ':''■ ■-^^\- '^ ^ >. r : . ; f 
 
 LaDiligente"* '•'''^^•^ 24 - u::^ ^- ^. 1.;,,^. 
 
 to leeward of the French 
 
 line. ■'■''^■'' ".•"'■■•• . '-:, 
 
 The Bien-Aime, of 74 guns, receiv'd fo much 
 damage in the action, that the French were oblig'd 
 to run her on Ihore a little to the fouthward of A- 
 lemparvey, where their fcj^uadron, >ya^ ^t anchor. 
 
 , April 29. The Dorfetlhirc of 70 guns, 520 men, 
 Captain Dennis, engaged the Raifonable of 64 
 
 , . ■ guns, 
 
 \ ■'! 
 
7^ 
 
 8. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 52 
 
 guns, 6^0 men, the Prince de Mombazon Cheva- 
 lier de Rohan Commander ; the latter ftruck, after 
 a fight of near two hours, having had 6i men 
 kiird, and loo wounded : (lie was a new fhip, not 
 five months off the (locks ; on board the Dorfet- 
 ftire, 15 men only were kill'd, and 21 wounded. 
 The lower-deck guns of the Raifonable were 36 
 pounders ; thofe of the upper-deck, 24. The 
 lower-deckers of the Dorfetfliire were 24 jx)unders i 
 the upper, 12. , ' .. 
 
 May I. Fort Lewis, upon the river Senegal, 
 capitulated to Captain Marlh and Major Mafon ; 
 232 French officers and foldiers, 92 pieces of can- 
 non, with treafure, flaves, and merchandize to a 
 confiderable value (fome faid 200,000 pound) were 
 taken in this fort., By the articles of capitulation, 
 every thing belonging to the French company on 
 the river Senegal, was to be put into the hands of 
 the Englifh. . .; - ' 
 
 '- . * * ■ ... 
 
 May 3. Cuddalore (commonly called Gondelour) 
 furrcnder'd to tieutenant General Lally, on con- 
 dition that the garrifon fhould have liberty to re- 
 treat to Fort St. David the next morning. . . 
 
 May — The Bolton Tender from Falmouth to 
 Milford, was taken off Mounts-Bay, by a fnow 
 privateer of 16 guns, after an engagement of three 
 hours. 
 
 May 26. The fhips of war empIoy*d in the rc- 
 dudion of Senegal, made an attack upon the 
 French fettlement at Gorce, but after an engage- 
 ment of an hour and an half, were obliged to 
 defift. 
 ;■,,/ ■ ^■"\' '.'• '■' D 3 ■•-:-.^'- . '•'^' May 
 
 y;^ 'U 
 
 ;*,\ 
 
! , 
 
 li 
 
 HI 
 
 ,:t:i': 
 
 54 Chronological Annals ^Js'^* 
 
 May 29 and 30. M. Scheither, with his corps, 
 pafs'd the Rhine at Duylbourg, defeated three 
 French battalions that oppos'd him, and took five 
 pieces of cannon with all the new cloathing of the 
 regiment of Navarre, and afterwards repa(Vd t:he 
 Rhine without moleftation. 
 
 i;(r?:i; J; 
 
 ^'ll^^''^" 
 
 ill! 
 
 
 U 
 
 
 i 'M !.:'! 
 
 May 30 and 31. The aliied army attacked Kai- 
 ferfworth in the night, and carried it. . , : 
 
 Jtjne 2, The allied army, under the commanu 
 of Prince Ferdinand, pafs'd the Rhine withour any 
 lofs, and made themfelves iriailers of Ckvcs, 
 
 June 2. I'he garrifon of Fort Sr, David, con- 
 filling of 720 Engliih, and 1700 Blacks, were 
 ir.adc prifoners of war ; the French army, which 
 ibrm*d thisfiege, was compos'd of 3500 Europeans, 
 The fortifications were afterwards reduced to an 
 heap of ruins ; the villas, and many beautiful 
 ftruftures in the neighbouring country, were de- 
 ftroy'd ; reafons of war juftified the former ; but 
 the latter was the effeft of wanton and inexcufable 
 feverity. — — Davecotah, a fort about eleven 
 leagues from St. Davids, was evacuated by orders 
 from Madrafs, and the garrifon retired through 
 the Tanjore country to Trichinopoly. 1 80 pieces 
 of cannon or mortars, were found in Fort St. Da- 
 vid, and 80 pieces in Davecotah. 
 
 June 9. The Duke of Marlborough burnt and 
 deftroy'd at St. Maloe, one fhip of 56 guns, one 
 of 36, one of 30, another of 30 (in part deftroy'd) 
 one of 22, four veflels of 20, one of i8, two of 
 16, one floop of 12 J fixty feven merchant fliips, 
 i]x floops, together with great quantities of 
 
 pitch, 
 
175^ 
 
 Of THg War. 
 
 pitch, train-oil, rofin, and deals, in the ftorc- 
 houfes. 
 
 June 23. Prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick gain'd 
 a viftory over the Princfe de Clermont, near Cre- 
 velt. The right wing of the allied army was com- 
 manded by the Hereditary Prince and Major Ge- 
 neral Wangenheim \ the left wing by Lieutenant 
 General Sporcken. After a violent and well fup* 
 ported cannonade, the Hereditary Prince put him- 
 felf at the head cf the firft line, and attack'd the 
 left wing of the French with a continued fire of 
 fmall arms, for two hours and an half -, but this 
 not producing the defir'd effeft ; he, in conjunftion 
 with the Generals Kilmanfegge and Wangenheim, 
 order*d the grenadiers to attack two ditches in the 
 wood, that were litv'd with infantry-, thefe were 
 forced one after the other, and the enemy quitted 
 the wood in the utmoft diforder, owing their fafety 
 to the fpirited behaviour of their cavalry, which 
 protedied their flight, and prevented the allies from 
 a farther profecution of their fuccefs. The right 
 wing and center of the French army, never en- 
 gaged ; but retir'd, on the defeat of their left, in 
 the greateft order, toward Nuys. I'he lofs of the 
 allied army confifted in 296 kiird, 754 danger- 
 oufly, and 429 flightly wounded, in all 151 2. This 
 fmart adion coft the French between 7 and 8000 
 men in kiird, wounded, and prifoners. No more 
 than 2 kettle-drums, 5 ftandards, 2 pair of colours, 
 and eight pieces of cannon, were taken. The 
 Count de Gifors only fon of the Marlhal Duke de 
 Belleifle, a gallant young Nobleman, who headed 
 the Royal Carabineers, died in the 26th year of his 
 age, of the wounds he receiv'd in this battle, after 
 having given diftinguifh'd proofs of a courage 
 worthy of his high birth. 
 
 ^ * Jum 
 
 
 '' ,♦'1 
 
;'''!M| ijiii i 
 
 I -I 
 
 1 1 
 
 r -I 
 
 ,.!i.t 
 
 .'I 
 
 .-.'.-if ij » ■ . ' 
 
 
 
 jj$ Chronological Annals i?s^' 
 
 y««^ 25. The French abandonM Nuys, having 
 firil given away or deftroy'd their great magazine. 
 
 Jung — r The Loire frigate of 36 guns (piercM 
 for 44) and 300 men> Captain Gautier commander^ 
 bound from foulon to Quebec, with upwards of 
 1000 tons of proviHons, was taken by the St. Al- 
 bans man of war. . 
 
 July I. The Generals Laudohn and Zifkowitz 
 having, in two attacks pn the ?8th and 29th of 
 ytene^ defeated and deftroy'd the greateft part of a 
 large convoy coming from. Troppau, and made Ge- 
 neral Putkhammer with feveral hundred men pri- 
 soners, in the defiles of Domftadt ; the King of 
 Pruflia found himfelf obliged, ^fter near five weeks 
 ppen trenches, to raife the fiege of Oltmutz in 
 Moravia j which he effeded with little other lots. 
 
 July I. The Rofe, a French frigate of 36 guns 
 (which had taken feveral prizes) was burnt near 
 the iiland of Malta, by the Monmouth and Lyme 
 ipcn of war. 
 
 jfuly ^. The army under Genera! Abercrombie, 
 rnarching through a thick wood to inveft Ticonde- 
 roga. Lord PJo\ye fell in with a French party fup- 
 pos*d to confift of about 400 regulars •, of thefe, 
 many were kill'd and 148 taken prifoners : but 
 this advantage was more than balanc*d by the lofs 
 of Lord Howe, who was kiird in the beginning of 
 jthe ikirmifli ; a nobleman greatly and defervedly 
 ^-egretted. ' ^; ,....,.. --..•;, .,.^.:-; .;...- 
 
 July 7. The tpwn of Dufleldprff capitulated, and 
 the garrifon engaged not to ferve againft the Al- 
 lies 
 
 if 
 
 ri 
 
 i 
 
;8. 
 
 » t 
 
 Of THfi War. 
 
 a 
 
 S7 
 
 175^. 
 
 lies for a year i a large quantity of ammunition 
 and provifiohs, and a fine train of French artillery, 
 were found in the place. 
 
 •' July 8. General Abercrombie, with 6367 regu- 
 lars, and 9024 piroyincials, attack'd the Marquis 
 de Montcalm i by whom he was unfortunately de- 
 feated. The French were formidably entrench'd 
 near Ticonderoga, and General Abercrombie en- 
 gaged without his Artillery. The Britilh army, in- 
 cluding provincials, had 551 kill'd 1356 wounded 
 and 37 miffing, in all 1944. The Chevalier de 
 Levis commanded the right wing of the French 
 army, and M. dc Bourlamaque tine left •, the Mar- 
 quis de Montcalm referv*d the center to himfelf. 
 According to the French accounts, 'their force did 
 not exceed 3650 men ; they acknowledged the Ipfs 
 of 104 kilPd and 273 wounded. '• '' 
 
 July 23. The Duke de Broglio, with a fuperior 
 force, attack'd and defeated the Prince of Ifen- 
 bourg, near Sanderhaufen or Sangerfhaufen : the 
 battle was obdinate, and lalled fix hours. The 
 French had, by their own confeffion, 785 kiird 
 and 1 392 wounded. The Prince of IfenbourjR; loft 
 above 1000 men kill'd, and the number of the 
 wounded was confiderable. Seven pieces of can- 
 non were taken in the field, and eight more in the 
 town of Munden^ 
 
 m 
 
 July 26. Louiiburg furrender'd to Admiral Bof- 
 cawen and General Amherft. Brigadier General 
 Wolfe, who commanded the left divifion of the 
 army, made good his landing on the 8th of June, 
 notwithftanding the fire of the enemy, and the vio- 
 lence of the furfF; then the center and right divi- 
 fvpns follow'd in proper order, and landed in the 
 
 fame 
 
■A 
 
 ■•■ m 
 
 
 58 Chronological Annals 1758. 
 
 fame place -, three 24 pounders, feven 9 pounders, 
 fevcn 6 pounders, two mortars, and 14 fwivels, 
 were taken on this occafion. On the 12th, B. G. 
 Wolfe took pofTelTion of the Light-Houfc Point, 
 which the French, had abandoned ; and having 
 eredled batteries on this Point, he (Uenc*d the 
 Ifland battery on the 25th in the evening. On the 
 51th of July, fix or feven hundred of the garrifon 
 made a fally, and furpriz*d a company of Forbes's 
 grenadiers, but were eafily repulfed. In the night 
 between the 25th and 26th, the Captains Laforey 
 and Balfour, with the boats of the fquadron, burnt 
 the Prudent of 74 guns, and took the Bienfaifant 
 of 64. The articles of capitulation were fign*d on 
 the 26th, by which 3031 foldiers, and 2606 fea- 
 men and marines, were made prifoners of war. 
 Eleven colours were taken i 221 pieces of cannon, 
 18 mortars, with a confiderable quantity of ammu- 
 nition and ftores, were found in the place. The 
 French marine fuffer'd a fcvere lofs, in the de- 
 Itrudion or capture of the following fhips : 
 
 guns 
 
 50 funk 
 36 taken 
 36 funk 
 26 taken 
 16 funk 
 16 funk. 
 
 ; 
 
 guns 
 
 
 prudent 
 
 74 burnt 
 
 Apollon 
 
 Entreprenant 
 
 74 burnt 
 
 Diana 
 
 Capricieux 
 
 64 burnt 
 
 Fidelle 
 
 Celebre 
 
 64 burnt 
 
 Echo 
 
 Bienfaifant 
 
 64 taken 
 
 Chevre 
 Biche 
 
 \i 
 
 ( lit 
 
 ■y 
 
 ^19 
 
 gen, . 
 
 g2 
 
 .,ii:. 
 
 i'f 
 
 
 In confequence of the reduftion of Louifburg, the 
 French lettlements at Gafpey, Meremichi, and 
 other places fituated on the gulph of St. Law- 
 rence, and on St. John's river in the bay of Fun^ 
 dy, were afterwards entirely dcmolifh'd. 
 
 ;. .^ .. ... . .:,:.... . / 7«/y 
 
 1;' ■\ 
 
-July 
 
 \ > 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 ■4 
 
 1758. 
 
 Of the Wi^R, 
 
 59 
 
 'July 26. Admiral Potock tQok a fnowofFAlam- 
 parvey, loaded with fire wood for Pondicherry, 
 an(J burnt fcven empty chelingas. 
 
 July 27. The Swedes made themfclves mafters 
 of the fort of Pennamunde, the Pruflian garrifon 
 of 350 men furrendering prilbners of war. About 
 the fame time, aoop Swedifh infantry took poflrcf- 
 fion of the ifle of Ufedom. 
 
 Julyi%. Admiral Pocock drove on fhore, and 
 burnt, the Reftitution, bound to Pondicherry from 
 Carical, where fhe had been fent with ordinance 
 ftores, and other materials, for M. Lally's army. 
 
 July — The French took poiTefllon of Gottin- 
 
 and demanded a contribution of near 150,000 
 
 Florins. 
 
 gen 
 
 ■\\\\ 
 
 July 31. Eight hundred of Fifcher's corps occu- 
 pied Nordheim. _ •;- ,,; 
 
 Augufi 3. About one o' clock in the afternoon, 
 Admiral Pocock made the fignal for battle, and en» 
 gaged the French fleet under M. d' Ache, with his 
 whole fquadron. The Comte de Provence fupplie4 
 the place of the Bien-Aime, and the Diligente fri- 
 gate that of the Sylphide, which had been dii- 
 arm*d. The Englifli fquadron was exaflly the lame, 
 one- circumftance only excepted, viz. that fome of 
 the Ihips were put under the command of different 
 Captains : Captain Martin, who had before been 
 left ill at Madrafs, was appointed to the Cumber- 
 land ; Captain John Stukely Somerlet was ad- 
 vanced from the Salisbury to the Weymouth -, Cap- 
 tain Colville had the Newcaftle, and Captain Brere- 
 
 ton 
 
 ,' 
 
 H 
 
 
 ^Wm 
 
 ' 
 
 |,'£|| 
 
 ' . 
 
 |(Kt 
 
 », 
 
 m 
 
 
 nill 
 
 ' 'M 
 
 t. i 
 
 
 M 
 
 'ti'V' f' 
 

 
 f 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
 j . 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 •! 
 
 j , 
 r 
 
 I .nil 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
 ,■1 
 
 
 ''"'i :. ii!i: 
 
 A 
 
 
 60 Chronological Annals 1758. 
 
 ton the Salifbury. The French 1 >lc ? running 
 fight till near three o* clock, when liicy fet all the 
 Tail they could, and cot out of the reach of the En- 
 glifli fquadron, which was obliged to leave off the 
 chace, and anchored at 8 o' clock, off Carical, a 
 French fettlemcnt. The French loft upwards of 
 500 men kiird and wounded j M. d'Ache and his 
 Captain were in the number of the latter. 31 En- 
 glilli were kiird and 1x6 wounded } among the lat- 
 ter were, Commodore Steevens, who receiv'd a 
 mufquet ball in his fhoulder, and Captain Martin, 
 who was wounded in his leg by a fplinter. All the 
 officers and men, in this engagement, behav*d to 
 the Admiral's entire fatisfaflion. 
 
 / . 
 
 Augufi 2. M. de Befenwald, a French Lieute- 
 nant General, at the head of a corps of Auftrians, 
 took poflcflion of Ruremonde, which had been a- 
 bandon*d by the Hanoverians. 
 
 •^tfguft 3. The Hereditary Prince forc'd the poft 
 of Wachtendonck, a little ifland furrounded by the 
 Niers, having forded the river with fome compa- 
 nies of grenadiers, and attack*d the French with 
 bayonets fix*d. By this gallant adion, the allies 
 were enabled to repafs the Niers without diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 jiuguft 5. M. de Che vert, with a force vaftly fu- 
 periour, was defeated by General ImhofF, at Meer 
 near Rees. The adbion did not laft more than half 
 an hour. The French were driven under the can- 
 non of Wefel, with the lofs of many kill'd, 354 
 men (eleven officers included) made prifpners, ele- 
 ven pieces of cannon, feveral waggons and am- 
 munition carriages taken. The whole of General 
 
 Ini- 
 
 
1758- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 6i 
 
 1 
 
 •i 
 
 
 Imhoff*s lofs amounted only to 200 kill'd and 
 wounded. 
 
 Atguji 8. Major Rogers, with 65 regulars and 
 two officers, 80 liglu-arm*d infantry, 80 rangers, 
 a body of Provincials, making in the whole 700 
 men, fell in with a party of 450 French, Indians, 
 Canadians, and Colonifts, near Fort Anne at a lit- 
 tle diftance from Wood-Creek : the engagement 
 lafted above two hours; upwards of 100 of the 
 enemy were kill'd ; the reft were purfued two 
 miles, but without fuccefs. The lofs on the fide of 
 Major Rogers was confiderable. 
 
 Jugufl 8. Cherburg furrender'd at difcretion to 
 Lieutenant General Bligh and Commodore Howe. 
 There were about 27 (hips in the harbour ; 22 
 pieces of fine brafs cannon and two brafs mortars 
 were taken, and 173 iron cannon with three iron 
 mortars were deftroy'd. The bafon and the two 
 piers at the entrance of the harbour were after- 
 wards demolifli'd ; all the batteries and forts, at 
 that place, and along the coaft, were cfFedually 
 ruin'd. ' • 
 
 j^uguft 9. The Hanoverians evacuated DufTel- 
 dorp. 
 
 ^ugufl 9. The Tanjorean fepoys (Indian foldiers, 
 difciplined by Europeans) and Collaries (inhabi- 
 tants of the woods, under the government of the 
 Polygars, who are Lords of fmall diftrifts) Tallied 
 out upon the ftrong army of Europeans and fe- 
 poys, commanded by Lieutenant General Lally, 
 attack'd at once the French camp and batteries, 
 kill'd 100 Europeans, took one gun, one tumbril 
 of ammunition, two elephants, and fome horfes, 
 
 blew 
 
 7ilJ 
 
 P 
 
 "Hi 
 
 .J 
 
 M 
 
 Jifi 
 
:>: 
 
 §m4 
 
 3 :■ m; - ;,; 
 
 
 l!^;( 
 
 iii' 
 
 i!;:;:'i 
 
 
 62 CHRONbLOGlCAL AnNALS ^7S^* 
 
 blew up four tumbrils of ammunition, and then 
 return'd into the town. Upon this fuccefs, M. 
 Lally abandon*d the fiege of Tanjore, left his guns 
 fpik'd upon the batteries, and retreated towards 
 Carical. 
 
 ' Juguft 9 and 10. The allied army repafs'd the 
 Rhine without any lofs. 
 
 yiuguft 23. The Ruffians raifed the fiege of 
 Ciiftrin. 
 
 Juguft 25. The King of Pruffia defeated the 
 Ruffian General Count Fermor. The adion began 
 at nine in the morning, and lafted till feven at 
 night. The Pruffians took, in and after the battle, 
 103 pieces of cannon, 27 colours, an i made up- 
 wards of 2000 prifoners, among whon were five 
 Generals, and 80 Officers : more than 20,000 Ruf- 
 fians were kill'd on the fpot, and the wounded they 
 carried off, amounted to 9000 ; their military 
 cheft of 900,000 rubles (upwards of 200,000 pound 
 fl:erling) fell into the king's hands. In this great 
 day, the Pruffians loft near 1000 kill'd, and iioo 
 wounded.; four officers, and 300 private men, 
 were made prifoners, and 13 cannon taken. On 
 the other hand, the Ruffians laid claim to victory 
 in this deftrudive battle ; according to a lift, fpe- 
 cious if not exa(5fc, which was fent by the Sieur 
 d'Arnfeld to the Swcdifh General Count Hamilton, 
 their total lofs in kill'd, wounded, and prifoners, 
 did not exceed 21529 men. Their fecond line, as 
 it advanced, fir'd upon the firft, and did very greaf 
 execution •, the foldiers plundered their own bag- 
 gage, got drunk with brandy, mutinied againft 
 their officers, and made no diftinftion between 
 friends and foes. 
 
 Jiigtffl 
 
 
J75?« 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 63 
 
 Auguji 27. Lieutenant Colonel Bradftreet took 
 Fort Frontenac ; in which he found 60 pieces of 
 cannon, (half of them mounted) 1 6 fmall mortars, 
 with an immenfe quantity of provifions and goods, 
 valued by the French at 800,000 livers ; he alfo took 
 nine veflcls, from 8 to 1 8 guns, one of which was 
 richly laden : feven of thel'e veflels, together with 
 the fort, provifions, artillery, and llores, were ef- 
 fedually deftroy'd. The garrifon of 1 10 men, fur- 
 render'd prifoners of war, until exchanged for equal 
 numbers and rank. 
 
 Auguft — The Stork floop of war was taken in 
 the Windward Paflage, by a French man of war of 
 74 gims. 
 
 Auguft — The Garland, a French frigate of 22 
 guns from Breft, was taken by the Renown Cap- 
 tain Mackenzie, in company with the Maidftone 
 and Rochefter. 
 
 September 6. The fortrefs of Sonnenftein capitu- 
 lated to the Prince de DeuxPonts, and the PruiTian 
 garrifon of 1442 men were made prifoners of v^ar. 
 10 ftandards, 29 pieces of brafs and nine of iron 
 cannon, with feven iron mortars, were taken. The 
 Pruffians evacuated Pirna the fame day. 
 
 September — General Retzow di(lodg*d the Au- 
 ftrian General Laudohn from Fifhbach, made 300 
 prifoners, and poffcfs'd himfelf of the Auftrian 
 camp, 
 
 September 1 1. At the Re-imbarkation of the En- 
 gVilh troops from the Bay of St. Cns, the French 
 fell upon the rear guard and broke it, and kill'd, 
 
 woundt'd, 
 
 ^ -t 
 
 1= 
 
 ['■■■ a 
 
 ♦•1 ' 
 
 •K I''*"! 
 
 W 
 
 4 
 
\:i 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 iv'r ■ I' 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 If 
 
 it 
 I'll 
 
 " I 
 
 64 
 
 Chronological Aejnals 1758; 
 
 wounded j or made prifoners 822 men, officers in- 
 cluded^ 
 
 September 14. Major Grant, having march'd 
 with 838 men from Loyal Hannon, and advanc'd 
 clofe to Fort du Quefne, was attack*d, and defeat- 
 ed by the earrifon, who fallied out upon him with 
 fuch fuceeS, that he loft about 300 of his party, 
 and was himfelf taken prifonen 
 
 September — The Ruftians evacuated Stolpe and 
 Butow, and retired into Poland. 
 
 September 15. The Robufte, a Plate of 24 guns, 
 was taken by the Alcide and A(^eon ; (he was laden 
 with fix 24 pounders, twelve 18, fix iron mortars^ 
 3000 fhells of 13 inches diameter, cordage, can- 
 vals, flour, and ftores, for the French fleet at Hif- 
 paniola* 
 
 September 21. The Ruffians evacuated Landf- 
 berg. 
 
 September 28. Major General Wedel attack'd th^ 
 Swedes in Fehrbellin, and drove them out of that 
 town, with the lofs of upwards of 500 men, and 
 two fmall pieces of cannon. 
 
 October 2. The Due d' Hanover, a French fri- 
 gate of 14 guns and feveral fwivels, was taken, off 
 Breft, by the Lizard Captain HartwcU : the Gap- 
 tain engaged the Heroine frigate at the fame time, 
 for more than an hour, when Ihe made off^ for the 
 rocks, near the opening of the pafl*age of Fontenoy. 
 
 October 10 The Prince of Soubife, with an army 
 of 30,000 men, attacked and defeated General 
 
 Obcrg, 
 
 ,758. 
 
 Oberg 
 
 Mundi 
 tolerafc 
 der fa 
 kiird, 
 non, t 
 quantit 
 
 0£fo. 
 comma 
 poll at 
 Ipace o 
 puls'd. 
 only 12 
 of the 
 French 
 
 OEloh 
 guns, V 
 lina, b) 
 frigate < 
 
 through 
 the grej 
 King of 
 and artf 
 the colu 
 once i \ 
 thofe co] 
 dohn, n 
 and the ^ 
 the Aufl 
 the Prul 
 derable £ 
 part witl 
 the Auft 
 
75* 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 6^ 
 
 Oberg, at Luttenberg or Lanwerenhagen, near 
 Munden. The latter retreated to Gunterlheim in 
 tolerable order, through the defile of Munden, un- 
 der favour of the night; having loft 1168 men 
 kill'd, wounded, and miffing, eleven pieces of can- 
 non, two colours, one ftandard, and a confiderable 
 quantity of artillery and ammunition.r • . 
 
 O^ob. 12. Eleven hundred French and Indians, 
 commanded by M. de Vetri, attack'd the Englifh 
 poll at Loyal Hannon or Hanning, during the 
 Ipace of three hours, when they were happily re- 
 puls'd. The lofs, on the fide of the Englifti, was 
 only 12 kiU*d, 18 wounded, and 31 miffing j 29 
 of the latter were upon grafs guards, when the 
 French made this attack. 
 
 OBoher — The Wincheifea man of war of 24 
 guns, was taken, in her palfage from South Caro- 
 lina, by a French man of war of 64 guns, and a 
 frigate of 36. -- 
 
 Oiloher 14. Marlhal Daun, having march'd 
 through thick woods, by very difncu)-. oads, with 
 the greateft fccrecy and condu-fb, came upon the 
 King of PrufTia about 4 o* clock in the morning, 
 and artfully furpriz*d him in his camp. At five, all 
 the columns deftin'd for the firil a. .ack, charged at 
 once -, before day light, the advanc'd guards of 
 thofe columns, and the corps under M. de Lau- 
 dohn, made themfelves malters o<' Hoch-Kirchen, 
 and the eminences behind the camp-, at day break, 
 the Auftrian infantry form'd in order of. battle in 
 the Prulfian camp. Notwirhftanding thefe confi- 
 derable advantages, the Pruffians fought in every 
 part with an obftinate bravery •, they once obliged 
 the Auflrian van guard, and grenadiers, to retire ; 
 
 ^ . • E they 
 
 i .■ m 
 
 v| 
 
 'ni> 
 
 I'M 
 
Ill : ! 
 
 \m 
 
 m 
 
 li^^ 
 
 B! ^ 'I 
 
 66 
 
 Chronological Annals 1758, 
 
 they forc*d the cavalry of their left to give way ; 
 and retook part of the village of Hoch-Kirchen, af- 
 ter returning three times to the charge : but the 
 fortune of the day depending upon that poft, the 
 Auftrians made fo vigorous a refiftance, that the 
 King deprived of all hope of fuccefs, retreated 
 about nine o* clock under the fire of a numerous ar- 
 tillery. Marfhal Keith and Prince Francis of Brunf- 
 wick, were kiird on the PrulTian fide ; the Prince 
 of Anhalt Deflau was wounded and taken prifoner. 
 The Auftrians own'd the lofs of 1020 kill'd, and 
 5972 wounded, exclufive of the mifling : they 
 reckoned that of the Pruffians at 10,000 ; which 
 the latter, in their accounts of this battle, confi- 
 derably reduced. 10 1 pieces of cannon, 44 co- 
 ver'd and 1 7 open waggons, with nine chefts of 
 balls, were taken. The camp of the rrufiians was 
 given up to pillage. 
 
 - O^oher 26. The PrulTians attack'd a body of 
 Auftrian cavalry near Gorlitz, broke it, and made 
 600 prifoners, befides officers. 
 
 OSiober 2<^. Major Heydon, Governour of Col- 
 berg, oblig'd the Ruffian General Palmbach to 
 raife the fiege of that place, after two unfuccefsfiil 
 aflfaults on the 13th and 17th, which coft him 700 
 men, and two more in the night between the 26th 
 and 27th, in which he was likewife repuls'd with 
 very confiderable lofs. The corps of Ruffians con- 
 fifted of 15,000 men. The garrilbn was weak, and 
 the town defended only by a rampart, without any 
 outwork whatfoever. The King of Piuffia rais'd 
 Major Heydon to the rarUc of Colonel, and con- 
 ferr'd upon him the Order oi' Merit for this gallant 
 defence. 
 
 O^ober 
 
S8. 
 
 tfayv 
 I, af- 
 ; the 
 
 the 
 : the 
 ;ated 
 IS ar- 
 runf- 
 'rince 
 foner. 
 , and 
 
 they 
 which 
 confi- 
 
 K ^^' 
 efts of 
 
 ns was 
 
 ly of 
 made 
 
 \\M any 
 
 rais'd 
 
 con- 
 
 rallant 
 
 Wober 
 
 i 
 
 )f Col- 
 ich to 
 cefsful 
 
 
 m 700 
 2 26th 
 i with 
 
 
 »s con- 
 c, and 
 
 L 
 
 1758. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 67 
 
 li-ffl 
 
 05lober — The York Indiaman was loft in Ma- 
 harce Bay in the County of Kerry. 
 
 OSloher — The Rhinoceros of 36 guns, 700 
 tons, from Quebec, was taken by the liis Captain 
 Wheeler, who took out her people and funk her. 
 
 No'uemhcr i . The Belliqueux of 64 guns (pierc'd 
 for 66) with 417 men, was taken in Lundy Road, 
 by the Antelope Captain Saumarez, without any 
 refiftance. 
 
 Nov. 3. The Buckingham of 6^ guns mounted, 
 and 472 men able to do duty. Captain Richard 
 Tyrrel Commander, attacked the Floriflant of 74 
 guns 700 men, a frigate of 38 guns 350 men, and 
 another of 28 guns 250 men. Notwithftanding this 
 difparity of force, the French fhips were obJig*d 
 to flieer off, after an obftinate engagement. Cap- 
 tain Tyrrel was wounded, and compelled to leave 
 the deck. Mr. Marfhal, his firft Lieutenant, after 
 he had brought the Buckingham clofe up to the 
 FloriiTant with great gallantry and fpirit, was un- 
 fortunately kiird by the firft broadfide. The com- 
 mand then devolv*d on the fecond Lieutenant, who 
 fought the fhip with equal bravery. Captain Troy, 
 at the head of the marines, acquitted himfelf like 
 an able officer, and did great execution. The lofs of 
 the Buckingham in feamen and marines, amounted 
 to 7 kiird, 17 dangerouiiy wounded (two of whom 
 died foon afterwards) and 3 1 wounded (lightly. 
 
 November 5 and 6. General Harfch rais'd the 
 fiege of Neifs with precipitation on the approach of 
 the King of PrufHa, abandoning a large quantity 
 of ammunition. 
 
 E 2 Nov*' 
 
 ■ ( 
 
 I -^s 
 
 n 
 
 ■'■■■J I 
 
 :Iff| 
 
 
 !| 
 
 li' i: 
 
 If' 
 
!' 
 
 iiii;i' 
 
 l||:^ 
 
 
 ■I 
 
 ■■,1 ' ■ 1 1 1 1' K 
 
 I! ; bli 
 
 r 
 
 :, ( 
 
 -i' ' .'X" 
 
 ■ 'i|f' : ■ illl:!! 
 
 1' 
 
 ■ i'3 ■! 
 ■1| ii 
 
 
 !i.ri.' 
 
 •! i 111.'!'; 
 
 Nfl'i:. 
 
 
 68 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 1758. 
 
 Nov. 8. Marflial Daun appear'd before Drefden. 
 
 Nov. 9 and 10. The Auftrians retir'd from Co- 
 fel, which they had blockaded for 4 months. 
 
 Nov. 12. General Wedel oblig'd the Auflrian Ge- 
 neral Haddick to abandon his defign upon Torgau. 
 
 Nov. 14. General Haddick having encamp'd 
 upon an eminence above Eulenburg; with the 
 Mulda in his front, and a village, before that 
 town, defended by Pandours ; Major General Ma- 
 lachowfki and Colonel de Hordt attacked and put 
 the Auftrians to flight, made 100 prifoners, took 
 three pieces of cannon, two ammunition waggons, 
 and fome baggage. After this affair, the Auftrians 
 rais*d the blockade of Leipzick, at which the 
 Prince de Deux- Fonts commanded, and retir'd to- 
 wards Frey berg: the Pruflians took pofleflion of 
 Freyberg foon afterwards. 
 
 Nov. 1 6. Marflial Daun, on the King of Pruf- 
 fia*s arrival at Lauban, rais'd the fiege of Drefden. 
 
 Nov. 22 and 23. The French evacuated Mun- 
 den and Caflfel. 
 
 ■ Nov. 24. The French burnt and abandoned Fort 
 du Quefne. of which Brigadier General Forbes 
 took poflfeflion the fame evening, and gave it the 
 name ^ Piuiburg. 
 
 Nov. 29. The Litchfield of 50 guns Captain 
 Barton, having been feparated from Commodore 
 Keppel's fquadron by a ftorm ofi^ Cape Cantin, was 
 ftranded on the coalt of Barbary. Out of 350 men, 
 1 30 were loft i the reit were afterwards carried into 
 flavery. 
 
 De- 
 
 f I 
 
 i 
 
 -m 
 
!' IS 
 i 
 
 
 S8. 
 
 len. 
 Co- 
 
 iGe- 
 
 gau. 
 
 mp'd 
 I the 
 
 that 
 tMa- 
 i put I 
 
 took 
 rgons, 
 ftrians 
 h the 
 r*d to- 
 ion of 
 
 Pruf. 
 •efden. 
 
 Mun- 
 
 fd Fort 
 iForbes 
 it the 
 
 'aptam 
 lodore 
 [in, was 
 ;o men, 
 led into 
 
 i7SS. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 69 
 
 December i. The Marquis de Caftries took St. 
 Goal.' and Rhindfcis ; the garrifon of the latter, 
 confifting of 700 men, furrender*d without oppofi- 
 tion, and were made prifoners of war. 
 
 Dec. 7. The French army in Golconda, confift- 
 ing of 500 Europeans, 8000 Sepoys, befides black 
 troops, with ^6 pieces of cannon, and fome mor- 
 tars, under the orders of the Marquis de Conflans, 
 was defeated by Colonel Forde ; who took their 
 camp with all the ordnance, (except 4 field pieces) 
 ammunition, ftores, tents, and camp equipage. The 
 French loft 156 Europeans kill'd and wounded; 
 the Englilh 44. Great numbers of Black forces 
 fell on both fides. 
 
 Dec, 8. Captain Knox took pofi'eflion of the fort 
 of Rajamundry, which is the barrier and key to the 
 Vizagapatam Country : it was given up to the 
 Raja of Vifanapore according to agreement^ but 
 afterwards retaken by the French. 
 
 Dec, 29. The ifland of Goree, with its forts, 
 furrender*d at difcretion to his Majefty's fquadron 
 under the command of Commodore Keppel. 94 
 pieces of cannon of different bores, fome fwivels 
 and mortars, a confiderable quantity of ammuni- 
 tion, with provifions of every fpecies for the fub- 
 fiftence of 400 men for four months, were found 
 in the forts. The French garrifon amounted to 
 300 men. 
 
 Supplies graaled by Parliament for the fervice of the 
 '• year 1758. 
 
 Ten million, four hundred eighty fix thoufand, 
 four hundred fifty feven pounds, and one penny. 
 
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1759- 
 
 Op the War. 
 
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 »759' 
 
 'January i. /^Eneral Dohna took Damgarten, 
 VJ and obliged the Swedifh garri- 
 fon not to ferve againft the King of Pruffia for the 
 fpace of a year j in five days afterwards, he repof- 
 fefs'd himfelf of Swedilh Pomerania, and forc'd a 
 fuperiour army of the enemy to retire under the 
 cannon of Stralfund. 
 
 January 2. The Prince de Soubife feiz'd upon 
 Frankfort. 
 
 Jan^ 4. The Grantham, a rich Eaft-India man, 
 with diamonds on board to the value of 30,000 
 pounds, was taken by two French men of war, off 
 Cape Falfo. 
 
 January 1 6. Commodore Moore's fquadron de- 
 ftrpy*d the batteries, and drove the French from 
 their intrenchments at Point des Negres on the 
 ifland of Martinico, and landed the troops with- 
 out oppofition the fame night : but the following 
 night the troops were reimbarked, on account 
 of the difficulties which attended the tranfporta- 
 tion of heavy cannon, (lores, and provifions, to 
 Fort-Royal, which was defign'd to have been at- 
 tack'd. The lofs at Martinico was 22 kill'd, and 
 47 wounded. 
 
 Jan, 17. The Swedifti garrifon of Demmin ca- 
 pitulated to Lieutenant General ManteufFel; 1275 
 men, officers included, were made prifoncrs of 
 
 war: 
 
^Im!;';] ||| 
 
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 :i>ii 
 
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 7S Chronological Annals 1759* 
 
 war: 24 pieces of cannon, 6 pair of colours, and 
 fome warlike ftores and proviHons, were found in 
 the place. The garrifon of Anclam, confifting of 
 14^21 men, capitulated on the fame footing, but 
 had liberty to return to Sweden, on promifing 
 not to ferve againfl the King of PruiTia, or his AU 
 lies, before they were exchang'd or ranfom'd. 
 238 horfes, 6 pair of colours, and 2^ pieces of 
 cannon, mortars, or haubitzers, were taken in An- 
 clam, together with a confiderable magazine, x 
 
 Jan. 23 and 24. Commodore Moore, with the 
 fquadron under his command, filenc*d the Fort of 
 Bafleterre on the iiland of Guadalupe, and all the 
 batteries ; and put the land forces under Major 
 General Hopfon, in pofleflion of that fort. The 
 lofs, in this attack, amounted to 1 7 kiird, and 30 
 wounded. 
 
 Jan, 30. Two French merchant (hips, of 300 
 tons each, bound for Martinico with provifions, 
 fome cloathing, and 500 ftand of arms, were taken 
 by the Brilliant, Captain Lendrick. 
 
 Fel^r, 17. On the 14th of December 1758. M. 
 Lally, a Lieutenant General, at the head of 3500 
 Europeans, 2000 Sepoys, and 2000 horfe, took 
 polTeflion of the Black Town near Madrafs, or Fort 
 St. George, which had been abandon*d by the 
 Engliih. The fame day Colonel Draper with 500 
 men and two field pieces, made a fpirited Sally 
 upon the enemy in the Black Town j but his men 
 not paying a juft obedience to his orders, he was 
 oblig*d to retreat, with the lofs of hine officers, 
 and upwards of 206 private men, kill'd, wounded, 
 and prifoners : the French, by their own account, 
 had 30 officers and 220 men kill'd and wounded: 
 
 the 
 
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 IS Al- 
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 :es of 
 1 An- 
 
 1759- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 79 
 
 the Count D'Eftaing, a Brigadier General, was 
 taken prifoner in the beginning of the affair. On 
 the 1 8th of December, Lieutenant Airey, fent from 
 Chengalaput by Captain Prefton, deftroy*d a con- 
 voy of Itores, confiding of tents fufficient for the 
 covering of 3000 men, a large mortar, two guns» 
 and carried off fome ammunition and bullocks. On 
 the 31ft of December, Captain Prefton repulsed 
 1000 of the enemy under Colonel Kenelly, who 
 came to attack him on the mount near Madrafs, 
 took two guns, kiird 15 of the French on the fpot, 
 and wounded the Colonel, one Captain, and 25 
 men. On the 2d of January 1759, M. Soupire, a 
 Major General, and fecond in command, attacked 
 Captain Prefton and Ifouf Cawn near Trevambore, 
 broke their firft divifion, took two guns and fome 
 prifoners j but the broken troops being rallied by 
 the fecond divifion, the French were put to flight, 
 two officers and 50 Europeans kiird on the Ipot, 
 and the guns and prifoners were retaken. On the 
 yth of January, three boats, with a Frenchman in 
 each, laden with 150 ihot of 24 pounds, 1000 
 empty cartridges, 50 fteel caps, 50 barrels of pow- 
 der, and 1500 fand-bags, were carried into Ma- 
 drafs by the boatman, who fecur'd the foldiers 
 whilft they were afleep. On the 27th of January, 
 Capton Prefton and Ifouf Caun routed, at Pona- 
 malle, the French detachment that was fent againft 
 them. On the 9th of February, M. Lally jfent a 
 grand detachment of 600 Europeans, 1 500 Sepoys, 
 near 300 European dragoons, 100 Huflars, and 
 1000 Maratta-horfe, with ten pieces of cannon, to 
 diQodge Major Caillaud and Captain Prefton from 
 the mount near Madrafs *, the action lafted feveral 
 hours with various fuccefs ; but, in the end, the 
 French retreated with the lofs of 1 70 Europeans 
 kill'd and wounded, and near 300 Sepoys. On the 
 
 loth 
 
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8o Chronological Annals 
 
 1759. 
 
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 10th of February, the Englifh fleet arriv'd from 
 Bombay, and knded 600 regulars } upon which the 
 French raifed the fiege on the 17th, after the gar- 
 rifon had been (hut up 67 days, and the enemies 
 batteries had been open 46. During the Hege, 
 fmall parties of the garrifon made fuccefsful fallies. 
 Colonel Lawrence, and under him, Colonel Dra- 
 per and Major Brereton, commanded the forces •, 
 Mr. Pigot was Governor of the town ; Mr. Call, 
 chief engineer. To the abilities of chefc Gentle- 
 men, in their refpedtive employments, the preser- 
 vation of Madrafs, is, under Providence, to be 
 principally attributed. The retreat of M. Lally 
 was fo precipitate, that the Black Town efcap*d 
 deftruftionj at the Mount, he ungeneroufly or- 
 der'd three barrels of gunpowder to be lodg'd in 
 Colonel Lawrence's houfe, and blew it up. 
 
 Fel^r. — Captain Knox took Narfiporc in Gol- 
 conda, where the French had a fadory, in which 
 place he found two 24 pounders, three 12 pound- 
 ers, and fome Imall guns, with fcveral veffels, 
 boats, and marine ftorcj. 
 
 Fehr. 21. The Bellona frigate of 32 guns, the 
 Count de Beauhonoir Commander, was taken by 
 the Veftal of 32 guns Captain Samuel Hood, af- 
 ter an engagement of three hours and an half. 
 
 Felr. — The Ruffian magazines at Revel were 
 burnt by accident ; and the damage was computed 
 at five millions of rubles. A ruble is four Ihillings 
 and fix pence fterling. ' r'^" ' ^" * 
 
 Felf. 26. Captain Maclean took the fmall fort of 
 Concale in Golconda. 
 
 ., . • ' • • ■:'- '- - ' ' ' Feh. 
 
^7S9^ 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 8i 
 
 { *'^ T 
 
 Fehr. 28. Erfurth capitulated to the PrufTian 
 General Knobloch. 
 
 Febr. — General Woperfriow took pofTcfTion of 
 Pofen, and dellroy'd a RulTian magazine of flour 
 eilablifh'd at that place, fufficient for the fubfiftence 
 of 50,000 men for three months. 
 
 Mar. I and 2. Hirfchfeld, Vacha, and all the 
 Helfian Bailiwicks, were abandon'd by the Auftri- 
 ans, on the approach of a body of the allies* 
 
 Mar. 4. Captain Maidand of the Royal regiment 
 of artillery, under the orders of the Prefidency of 
 Bombay, with 8^0 Europeans, artillery and infan- 
 try, and 1500 Sepoys, together with the Sunder- 
 land and Newcaftle (part of Admiral Pocock*s fqua- 
 dron) and the company's arm'd veflels command- 
 ed by Captain Watfon, made himfelf mafter of the 
 caftle of Surat, by compofition: previoufly to this, 
 he had diQodg'd the troops of the place from the 
 French garden, after a warm difpute of four hours, 
 and had made a fuccefsful attack upon the Outer- 
 Town. Surat is one of the moft frequented cities 
 in the eaft, and from the concourfe of India; pil- 
 grims who make it their road to the tomb of Ma- 
 homet, it has been call'd " the gate of Mecca." 
 The government of the caftle is independent of 
 that of the city, and held by an appointment from 
 the Great-Mogul : the company obtain*d that ap- 
 pointment, fometime after the reduftion of the 
 caftle, from that Mogul, who was murder*d by his 
 Vizier juft before the laft revolution at Delli. The 
 lofs of the company, in kill'd and wounded, did 
 not amount to 100 Europeans i but that, from de- 
 fertion, was more confiderable. 
 
 E Mar. 6. 
 
 '^1 
 
 ) 1.^. 
 
 ,it/; 
 
82 Chronological Annals 1759 
 
 
 I Ml 
 
 ' i!".: 
 
 "H. i^l 
 
 mi 
 
 i -.11 : 
 
 Mar. C. Tlic Pruirians took poflcfllon of Fulda. 
 
 Mcir. 7. MafTulipatam, in Golconda, was in- 
 velted by Colontl i^'ordc. 
 
 Mar. 15. The PrufTians entered Schwerin in the 
 Dutchy of Meckknbourg. 
 
 Mar. 17. The I mpcrialifts retook Hirfchfeld. 
 
 Mar. 19. La Migiione, a French frigate of 20 
 guns, 143 men, the Chevalier de Turfainvillc 
 commander, was taken by the iEolus of 32 guns 
 Captain Elliot •, the iEolus afterwards exchang*d 
 fome broadfides with the Blonde of 32 guns, but 
 the latter elcap'd into the Road of Bafque. 
 
 Mar. 21. The Allies difarm'd the garrifon of 
 Fulda. 
 
 Mar. 25. Lieutenant General Beck diflodg'd 
 the PrufTians from the poft of Grieffenberg, on the 
 frontier of Silefia, took a magazine, and made Ba- 
 ron Duringlholen, and about 800 PrufTians, pri- 
 foners of war. 
 
 Mar. 26. The PrufTian General Knobloch took 
 pofTefTion of Saalfeldt, after a very brifk can* 
 nonade. 
 
 Mar. 27. The Due de Chartres Eaft-Indiaman, 
 outward bound from Port L'Orient to Pondicher- 
 ry^ pierced for 60 guns, and mounting 24 French 
 twelve pounders, carrying 294 men, was taken by 
 the Windfor of 60 guns captain Faulkner. Her 
 loading confiftcd of gunpowder, cordage, flour, 
 
 fail- 
 
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59 
 
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 ti the 
 
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 of 20 
 
 invillc 
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 vang'd 
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 :h took 
 can* 
 
 liaman, 
 Idicher- 
 French 
 
 Iken by 
 Her 
 
 flour, 
 
 lail- 
 
 1759- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 83 
 
 1" ■ 'M 
 
 fail-cloth, and wines; Three other fhips of force 
 were in company with the Due de Chartres, but 
 declin'd the engagement, and made off with full 
 fail. 
 
 Mar. 28. General Linftaedt drove the Auftrians 
 from Hoff. 
 
 Mar. 2S. The Danae, a French frigate of 40 
 guns, 330 men, was taken by the Southampton 
 Captain Gilchrift, and the Melampe Captain Ho- 
 tham, after a briflc engagement Captain Gilchrill 
 was fhot through the right fhoulder with a pound 
 ball, and put on fhore at Yarmouth. 
 
 Mar. 31. The hereditary Prince of Brunfwick^ 
 attack'd, above Melrichftadt, the regiment of Ho- 
 henzollern Cuirafliers, and the battalion of Wurtz- 
 burghers •, thefe he broke, with only two fquadrona 
 of PrufTian Huflars •, many were kill'd on the fpot^ 
 and 185 taken prifoners. 
 
 Mar. 31. The Duke of Holftein diflodgM the 
 French from Freyenftecnau, and made one Cap- 
 tain, one Lieutenant, and 56 private men pri- 
 
 foners. 
 
 Jpril I. The hereditary Prince of Brunfwick 
 took the magazines at Meinungen, and made the 
 garrifon of that place, confifting of two batalliows 
 of Cologn and Munfter, prifoners of war. The fame 
 day a battalion of the regiment of Nagel in Wa- 
 fungcn, fhar*d the fate of the garrifon of Meinun- 
 gen. The regiments of Savoy and Pretlack were 
 defeated at Tann, by the Hanoverian hunters, 
 and Heffian Huflars^ and two rich ilandards 
 taken* 
 
 Fa Jj)ril 4. 
 
 U? 
 
 
 ^m 
 
84 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 759" 
 
 h .1 " 
 
 I i 
 
 m ■ ' 
 
 April 4. The Count de Florentine of 60 guns, 
 403 men, the Sieur dc Montay commander, was 
 taken by the Achilles of 60 guns, the Honourable 
 Captain Harrington, after a clofe engagement of 
 two hours, in which the French loft 1 1 6 men kill'd 
 and wounded j amongft the latter was the Cap- 
 tain, vyho receiv'd a mufquet ball through his bo- 
 dy, of which he died two days after. 
 
 Jpril 7 and 8. Colonel Forde took Mafllilipa- 
 tam, in Golconda, by ftorm. The French had 
 100 Europeans kill'd during the fiege, and* 409 
 made prifoners. Above 150 pieces of cannon were 
 taken, with a great quantity of ammunition. — 
 The French detach'd from Pondicherry four hun- 
 dred men, in the Haarlem of Briftol, under M. 
 Moracin, to the fupport of their army in Golcon- 
 da commanded by M. de Conflans ; but this fup- 
 ply did not arrive till a few days after Malfulipa- 
 tam had been in the hands of the Englifli. Beins; 
 reduced foon afterwards to two hundred men by 
 various diftrefles, they went to Cockanara ; where 
 fome of them landed, and were defeated by Cap- 
 tain Fifher, who took 26 prifoners (among whom 
 were ten officers,) and kill'd* many more; upon 
 which the reft that were in the veflels, iail'd for 
 Pondicherry, and feveral of thefe were drown'd. 
 
 April 8. The poft of Ulrleftein, at the fource 
 of the Horn, was taken by the Prince of Hol- 
 ftein. , : . 
 
 April 10 and 11. The fort of Peenamunde in 
 Pomerania furrender'd to General ManteufFel : up- 
 wards of 200 men were made prifoners ; 24 pieces 
 of cannon and 4 mortars taken. 
 
 April I y 
 
^7S9' 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 85 
 
 April 13. Major Brcreton, who fuccceded to the 
 command of the troops in the Kalt-Indies on the 
 departure of the Colonels Lawrence and Draper for 
 England, took Conjeverani with the lofs of four 
 officers : he receiv'd himfelf a contulion in his 
 knee j Major Monfon, in reconnoitring, had a 
 wound from a ball (which cnterM near his ear, 
 pafs'd through his cheek, and came out near his 
 oofe) without being afterwards attended with any 
 fenfible inconvenience •, Major Caillaud was alio 
 wounded in the cheek. 
 
 April 13. Prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick, 
 march'd up to the right of the French army com- 
 manded by the Due de Broglio, on the eminences 
 of Bergen, between Francfort and Hanau -, but af- 
 ter three vigorous attacks in the fpace of two hours 
 and an half, he drew off to fome rifing ground, 
 behind which he remain*d fome time j and after- 
 wards amufing the enemy with a frefli difpofition of 
 his forces, he made his retreat in the night to 
 Windechen, \yithout difficulty. The Prince of 
 Ifenbourg was flain, deeply regretted •, and the 
 Generals Gilfoe and Schulembourg were wounded. 
 The whole lofs of the Allies in kill'd, wounded, 
 and miffing, amounted to 2337. The lofs of can- 
 non and men was nearly equal between the two ar- 
 mies. Prince Ferdinand march'd from Windechen, 
 and reach'd Ziegenhayne on the 23d. 
 
 April 15. General Hulfen, with the lofs of 70 
 Pruffians kilFd and wounded, attacked the Auftri- 
 ans in front and rear at the pals of Pafsberg, drove 
 them out of their intrenchments, made General 
 Renard, 51 officers, and 1800 private men pri- 
 foners, and took 3 pair of colours, 2 ftandards, and 
 
 F 3 3 pieces 
 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 
 ,M 
 
 ■m 
 
 IJAM. 
 
86 
 
 CHRONOJ.OGICAL AnNALS ^759? 
 
 ;!J;:; 
 
 km 
 
 3 pieces of cannon. The Auftrians fet fire to their 
 magazines at Saatz, to prevent their falling intq 
 %he hands of the Pruflians. About the fame time, 
 another body of Pruflians forc'd the pafs of Peterf- 
 walde, deftroy'd the magazine at Aufig, burnt the 
 boats upon the Elbe, and feiz'd the meal and fo- 
 rage which the Auftrians had left at Lobofchutz, 
 Lieutmeritz, and Budin. 
 
 Jpril — ■ General Fouquet took Sacgrendorf, 
 Ingerndorf, & Troppau, and made 223 men, in 
 the latter, prifoners of war. 
 
 Jpril 20. M. de Blaifel defeated a battalion of 
 grenadiers, between Munfter and Queckeborn^ 
 difpcrs'd, or took prifoners, two fquadrons of the 
 regiment of Finckenftein ; and obtained fome o- 
 ther inconfiderablc advantages over the allied 
 army. 
 
 May I. Colonel Crump landed in M?irch with 
 600 men, between the towns of St. Anne and St. 
 Francis, on Grande Terre, and deftroy'd the French 
 batteries and cannon j on the 30th of that month, 
 General Harrington attack*d the poft of Gofier with 
 300 men, carried the intrenchments and battery, 
 and demolilh'd them, together with the town. 
 This laft detachment forc'd their way to For^t 
 Louis (in which there was an Englifh garrifon) and 
 took pofleflion of a battery of three 24 pounders. 
 Captain Blomer on the firft of April, fallied out of 
 Fort Louis, and fpiked up an eighteen and a twelve 
 pounder upon a battery of the enemy nearly com- 
 pleated. On the 12th of April, Brigadier Claver- 
 ing, with 1300 regulars and 150 of the Antigua 
 volunteers, landed near Arnonville on the Guada- 
 }upe fide i and, after forcing ftrong intrench- 
 ments 
 
^1S9' 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 87 
 
 merits and overcoming great difficulties in his 
 march, he oblig'd the French to abandon the Fort 
 of Petit Boiirg, 'though fortified with lines and a 
 redoubt fiU'd with cannon. On the 15th Captain 
 Stile, with ico men, deftroy'd a battery at Guo- 
 yave, and nail'd up feven pieces of cannon. Bri- 
 gadier Crump, at the fame time, burnt an im- 
 menfe quantity of provifions landed by the Dutch 
 at Bay Mahaut, where he found the town and bat- 
 teries abandon'd. Brigadier Clavering on the 20th, 
 attack*d the French on the Heights of St. Marie's, 
 and in fpight of a conftant fire of cannon and muf- 
 quetry, forc'd them to retire in great confufion, 
 abandoning all their artillery. The next day the 
 army enter'd the Capefterre, a fpot the richeft 
 and moft beautiful in the Weft-Indies, water'd by 
 good rivers every mile or two, with a port belong- 
 ing to it, where the whole navy of England might 
 ride fafe from hurricanes. In the whole of thefe 
 expeditions, 50 pieces of cannon were taken. On 
 the firft of May, an honourable capitulation was 
 granted to the troops and the inhabitants •, im- 
 mediately afterwards, a reinforcement of 600 re- 
 gulars, 2000 buccaneers, and 200 ftand of fpare 
 arms for the inhabitants, arriv'd from Martinico, 
 under convoy of M. Bompart's fquadron ; on hear- 
 ing the capitulation was fign'd, they reimbark'd. 
 
 The Falcon bomb was loft on fome Iflands, 
 
 in a cruize about Guadaloupe, but the crew and 
 
 a few ftores were faved. The Ifland of Ma- 
 
 rigalante furrendcr'd on the 26th of May upon 
 the fame conditions as Guadalupe and Grande- 
 terre. 
 
 May 2. The Hardi of 20 guns, 150 men, and 
 the Hcrmione of 26 guns, 170 men, two French 
 frigates richly laden with indigo and the fineft fu- 
 
 gars. 
 
 
 
 : )■ 
 
 h' .1 
 
;,, hi; 
 
 .lit! 
 
 !'!, 
 
 
 ?;/! 
 
 [>4 
 
 88 CHRONOI.OGICAL AnNALS 1759. 
 
 gars, were taken by the Dreadnought, Seaford, 
 Wager, Peregrine, and Port-Antonio. 
 
 May 8, Prince Henry of PrufTia, oblig'd Gene- 
 ral Maguire, after a rfiarp difpute at Afch near 
 HofF, to retire with lofs towards Egra, 
 
 May II. The PrufTian Lieutenant General Pla- 
 ten, attack*d the regiment of Croneck and the 
 Palatine dragoons, under the command of General 
 Riedefel ; and, after great refiftance, made them 
 prifoners of war. 
 
 May 
 
 Major Monfon having gain'd fome 
 
 flight advantages over M. de Lally by his judi- 
 cious behaviour, the latter withdrew to Treva- 
 toor, canton'd his army, and went himfelf to Pon- 
 dicherry. 
 
 May 16. Prince Henry of Pruflia enter'd Bam- 
 berg without oppofition. 
 
 May 1 6. The Glafgow of 20 guns Captain Wil- 
 kinfon, had a fmart engagement with the Oifeaq 
 frigate of 26 guns, which efcap*d into St. Pierre. 
 The Glafgow was obliged to put into Leghorn, 
 and refit. Captain Wilkinfon was afterwards ap- 
 pointed to the pommand of the Jerfey. 
 
 May 18. Captain Colby in the Thames of 32 
 guns, and Captaip Harrifon in the Venus of 36, 
 took the Arethufa frigate of 32 guns (pierced for 
 36) and 270 men, the Marquis de Vaudreuil coqi- 
 mandcr, efteem'd the belt failing frigate in the 
 French navy. 
 
 , May — 
 
 "'Ml 
 
 ir ' 
 
 ! Ill I'll 
 
^7S9' 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 89 
 
 May — " e Pruffian General Knobloch made 
 himfelf mai. of Cronach by a brifk cannonade. 
 
 May — The Swedes retook Damgarten. 
 
 May 30. The Vanguard of the army of the 
 Empire under Count Palfy, was defeated by the 
 Pruflians between Berneck and Gefrees, at a lit- 
 tle diftance from HofF. 
 
 June 5. The Allies took Erbefeld, kilFd and 
 wounded many of the garrilbn, and made 83 pri- 
 foners, among whom were the Chevalier da Mont- 
 fort the Commandant, and eight other Officers. 
 
 June 6. Clermont's voluntiers took pofl at Zie- 
 genhayn, where they found 3 pieces of cannon. 
 
 June 8. General ImhofF abandoned Fritzlar ; and 
 foon afterwards the French took pofTeflion of Caf- 
 fcl, Munden, Gottingen, and Eimbeck. 
 
 June — :- The French enter'd Paderborn ; fome 
 confiderable magazines of the Allies, in different 
 parts, fell into their hands, as they advanc'd. . > 
 
 June 30. The French took the caftle of Ritberg, 
 a place of importance, by a coup de main. 
 
 July I, The French regiments of Turfiin,and 
 Berchini, were defeated by five fquadrons of Pruf- 
 fian HulTars j 1 50 were kill'd and taken, and the 
 reft difpers'd. 
 
 July 6, Rear-Admiral Rodney burnt, at Havre 
 de Grace, part of the magazine of florcs for the 
 
 flat- 
 
I'i I 
 
 ill. r 
 
 •t! 
 
 ! ■. \l\i 
 
 H,' \ 
 
 iKU . V 
 
 •V » 
 
 :! 'I 
 
 90 Chronological Annals 1759. 
 
 flat-bottom'd boats, overturn'd and damag'd many 
 of thofe boats, and fet the town on fire feveral 
 times, during a continued bombardment of 52 
 hours. 
 
 July 7. The Hanoverian Chafleurs furpriz'd a 
 French poft at Neven-kirchen,, kill'd a Captain 
 and about 15 men, wounded feveral others, and 
 brought into camp 2 officers and 46 private men 
 prifoners, all belonging to the Voluntaires of Cler- 
 mont. About the fame time. Lieutenant Colonel 
 Frey tag, with a body of the Hanoverian Chafleurs, 
 fell upon the regiment of the Volontaires d* Alface 
 near Munden, put many to the fword, oblig'd o- 
 thers to attempt the paflage of the Wefer in Boats, 
 where they were drown'd, and made the Com- 
 mander of the corps, 28 officers, and 280 private 
 men prifoners. 
 
 July — The poft of Grieffenberg having been 
 retaken by the Pruffians, General Laudohn at- 
 tempted to difpoflfefs them of it -, but was repuls'd 
 by General Seydlitz with the lofs of about 300 men 
 kilFd or taken prifoners ; the Auftrian General pe- 
 netrated afterwards into Silefia, by Mark-Lifla and 
 Seidenberg. /■ > - 
 
 July 9. Mindeg was taken by aflault. 1500 of 
 the Allies were made prifoners of war. 20 iron 
 cannon, 2 of brafs, 20,000 facks of oats, 40^000 
 of wheat, and 70,000 of meal, fell into the hands 
 of the French. 
 
 July II. The Count des Salos, Colonel of a 
 French regiment of horfe, was made prifoner at 
 Holtfhaufen, with 300 troopers of his detachment j 
 100 more were kill'd on the fpot. 
 
 July 
 
 'i(::MiJ 
 
 i!,i- 
 
 1 11 : I 
 
17S9^ 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 9' 
 
 
 y«^ I? and 11. The Marquis D'Armentiers loft 
 ooo men kiird, and 1400 wounded, in a fruitlefs 
 attempt upon Munfter. 
 
 July — Colonel Count Hocrdt deftroy'd, be- 
 tween the 7th and i6th, moft of the Ruffian ma- 
 gazines from Pofen to the Viftula, amounting in 
 ^11 to 61,5154 t>u(hels of different forts of grain. 
 
 July 20. Captain Markham of the fliip Eliza- 
 beth, of 8 four pounders, 2 fmall ftern chafe guns, 
 and 14 men, engag'd the Revenge, a French fnow 
 privateer of 1 6 fix pounders, 20 fwivels, and 180 
 pien. The aftion lafted upwards of four hours, 
 when the Revpnge Iheer'd off, 
 
 July 23. General Wedel, who fucceeded Count 
 Dohna in the command of the army againft the 
 Ruffians, attacked General Count Solticoff in the 
 Defile of Kay near Zulicau. After an obftinatc 
 difpute, the Pruffians were oblig'd to yield to the 
 fuperiorjty of their enemy, affifted by every ad- 
 vantage of ground ; they retreated with the lofs of 
 4700 kili'd, prifoners, and deferters ; and 3000 
 wounded, whom they brought off: 3 twelve 
 pounders, 2 obufiers, and 10 field pieces, were 
 taken : General Woberfnow, an Officer of great 
 ability, fell in the field of bmle, and General 
 Manteuffel was wounded. On the fide of the Ruf- 
 fians, about 1500 were kill'd, among whom was 
 Lieutenant General Demicou, and 3000 wounded : 
 after the a6tion, the Ruffians took poffeffion of 
 Croffen, and Francfort upon the Oder. 
 
 ■H\'n 
 
 M 
 
 •■■i'lPlr,, 
 
 July 
 
 July 
 
92 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 759. 
 
 ^IS 
 
 vrx\ 
 
 I ■ V 
 
 July 24. The French abandon*d their lines at 
 Ticonderoga, and fet fire to the fort, on the ap- 
 proach of Major General Amherft. 
 
 July 24. Lieutenant Colonel Mafley, under the 
 orders of Sir William Johnfon, (who fucceeded to 
 the command on the death of General Prideaux) 
 with the light infantry, picquets of the line, two 
 companies of grenadiers, part of the 46th regi- 
 ment, and the Indians, was attack'd, near Nia- 
 gara, by 1200 French colledled from Detroit, Ve- 
 nango, and Prefque lile, together with a number 
 of Indians, the whole commanded by Meffieurs 
 Aubry and de Lignery. The Brittifh troops in 
 front, and the Indians in flank, gave the enemy 
 fuch a warm reception, that in an hours time their 
 entire force was compleatly ruin'd : the command- 
 ers, and all the officers, to the number of feven- 
 teen, were made prilbners, many private men 
 kiird, and the reft difpers'd among the woods. 
 
 July 25. Sir William Johnfon took poffefllon of 
 Fort Niagara ; the garrifon of 607 men, exclufive 
 of officers, furrender*d with the honours of war, 
 and were convey'd to New York. 
 
 July 25. The Citadel of Munfter furrender'd to 
 the Marquis d'Armentieres, and the garrifon of 
 q 100 men with Lieutenant General de Zaftrow the 
 Commandant, capitulated to be prifoners of war 
 till ranfom*d or exchang'd. 
 
 July 28. M, de SchlicfFen, under the orders of 
 General Dreves, made himfelf mafter of Ofna- 
 bruck, where the Volontaires de Clermont loft 
 fome men, and two pieces of cannon. 
 
 7»* 
 
 i \ 
 i 
 
 ..3 
 
^1S9^ 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 93 
 
 l^b 
 
 July 31. The Britifli army, commanded by 
 Major General Wolfe, and under him by the Bri- 
 gadiers Monckton, Townlhend, and Murray, land- 
 ed upon the ifle of Orleans in the river St. Lau- 
 rence, on the 27th of June. The fleet employ'd 
 in this important expedition, was under the orders 
 of Vice-Admiral Saunders, who had two Rear Ad- 
 mirals with him, Mr. Durell and Mr. Holmes. 
 On the 28th, feven fire-fhips from Quebec were 
 tow'd aground, without doing the leaft damage to 
 the fhips or tranfports. On the 29th, four batta- 
 lions under Brigadier Monckton, drove the French 
 irregulars from their pofl at Point Levi on the 
 fouth fhore. General Wolfe order*d batteries of 
 cannon and mortars to be ereded on that point, 
 which (though acrofs the river) deftroy'd the lower 
 town entirely, and did confiderable damage to the 
 upper. On the night of the 9th of July, the army, 
 pafs'd the North Channel, and incamp'd near the 
 left of the French, the river Montmorenci run- 
 ning between the two camps. The enemy occu- 
 pied the ihcre of Beauport ; from the river St. 
 Charles (which falls into that of St. Laurence near 
 Quebec) to the falls of the river Montmorenci 
 abovemention*d, and were intrench'd in every ac- 
 ceflible part. On the loth, a party of Indians de- 
 feated Captain Dank*s company of Rangers, and 
 almoft dilabled it for the reft of the campaign. 
 Some few days afterwards, Colonel Carleton land- 
 ed with a fmall party, at the Point de Trempe above 
 Quebec, brought off fome prifoners, and return'd 
 with little lofs. On the 28th at midnight, the 
 French fent down a raft of fire ftages, which fuc- 
 ceeded no better than the fire (hips. On the 31ft 
 of July, General Wolfe determined to attack the. 
 intrenchments of the enemy on a commanding e- 
 
 minence ; 
 
 
 • 'L 
 
t j 
 
 •It.' ; 
 
 m. 
 
 \i H!! 
 
 t':i; 
 
 '111 
 
 
 "I ^'' 
 
 r ii 
 
 ii 'i'l 
 
 i*ii '■ 
 
 94 Chronological Annals 1759* 
 
 mincnce •, Brigadier Monckton receivM orders to 
 land with his corps from Point Levi, and the Bri- 
 gadiers Townfhend and Murray were direded to 
 be ready to pafs the ford below the falls of Mont- 
 morenci : a great deal of time was unavoidably 
 loft, by an accident of the boats grounding upon 
 a ledge, that ran a confiderable diftance off the 
 Ihore i this difficulty bein^ remov'd, 13 companies 
 of grenadiers, and 200 ot the fecond royal Ame- 
 rican battalion, got firft on fliore ; but the grena- 
 diers, by fomc miftake, not forming themfelves as 
 they were diredted, and running on impetuoully 
 towards the intrenchments, in the utmoft confu- 
 fion, were check'd by the enemy's firft fire, forc'd 
 to ftieker themfelves in or about a detach*d re- 
 doubt, near the water's edge, which the French 
 had abandon'd, and not being able to form under 
 fo hot a fire from the intrenchments, were oblig'd 
 to be call'd off; this repulfe and delay, the ap-^ 
 proach of night, a fudden ftorm coming on, and 
 the tide beginning to make, compell'd the Gene- 
 ral to defift from fo difficult an attack, which was 
 attended with the lofs of 182 kill'd, 650 wounded, 
 and 17 miffmg; in all, 849. 
 
 Augttfi I. About 5 o' clock in the morning, the 
 whole French army under the Marlhal de Conta- 
 des, was form'd in order of battle on the plain of 
 Minden. The Duke of Broglio's referve came 
 clofe to the Wefer. The cavalry, occupied the 
 heath in the center. The infantry, on the left, ex- 
 tended to the marfti near the village of llahlen. 
 — Prince Ferdinand's army was difpos'd of in the 
 following manner ; General Wangenheims's corps 
 was pofted, on the left of the whole, near the vil- 
 lage of Thonhaufen almoft clofe to the Wefcr. The 
 cavalry of the right wing of the main army, in 
 
 V:'l.'ich 
 
 came 
 
lyyy. Of THE WaR« 95 
 
 V, iiich were all the Briti(h horfc under Lord George 
 Sackville, took up their ground between Hartuni 
 and Hahlen. The infantry of the right wing (on 
 the left of the cavalry) compos'd of the Briciih bat- 
 talions and the Hanoverian guards, were drawn up 
 behind a fir wood. The left wing of the main ar- 
 my, was polled at Stemnieren. — • Between ievcn 
 and eight o' clock, the two Brigades of BritiOi 
 foot, confifting of the following regiments, 'vtz. 
 the 1 2th Napier's, 20th Kingiley's, 23d Hulke'.s, 
 25th Home's, 37thStuart's, 51ft Brudenel's, head- 
 ed by the Major Generals Waldegrave and Kingf- 
 ley, together with the Hanoverian guards, and 
 Hardenberg's regiment, march'd forward to charge 
 the left of the enemy's cavalry ; and notwith- 
 ftanding the oppofition of the two batteries, the 
 repeated attacks of all the cavalry, a fire of mirf- 
 quetry well kept up by the French infantry, and 
 their being expos'd in front and fiank, thefe afto- 
 nifhing battalions totally routed the whole body of 
 the French cavalry, and oblig'd the Saxons who 
 came to their afiiftance, to retreat. — The regi- 
 ments du Corps and Hammerftein, (Hanoverian 
 horfe) the Prufiian regiment of Holftein, and the 
 Heffian horfe and grenadiers, diilioguifh'd them- 
 felves prodigioufly, and repuls'd the attack on the 
 left of the army. — The batteries ereded by the 
 Count de la Lippe Buckenburg in the front of 
 Thonhaufen, made great havock among the Swifs 
 and the grenadiers of France. About nine the 
 French began to give way, at ten they fled in dif- 
 order, and their retreat was cover'd by the Duke 
 of Broglio. The Britifh artillery performed won- 
 ders in this aftion. The Britilh cavalry did not en- 
 gage. 25 pieces of cannon, 10 pair of colours, 
 & 7 ftandards were taken. The lofs of the French, 
 in kiird, wounded, and prifoners, amounted to 
 
 7000 
 
 
 »■ t (, 
 
idJi: . 
 
 I! 
 
 ('Ml 
 
 .) '; 
 
 !• *:. 
 
 96 Chronological Annals 1759. 
 
 7000 men. That of the allies, to 2800, of which 
 number the Britifh troops made 1394. 
 
 Au^. I. The Hereditary Prince of Brunfwick at- 
 tack'd and defeated the J^iike de Brifac, in the 
 mountains of Coveldt. The French loft many of 
 their men, who were made priibners, together with 
 five officers of diftindion. Six pieces of cannon 
 were taken. MefTieurs Killmanfegg, Dreves, and 
 Bock, contributed greatly to this fecond vi6tory, 
 by the admirable mana'uvres of the troops under 
 their command. 
 
 Auguft 2. Minden furrender'd to the allies at 
 difcretion. A great number of wounded officers, 
 and 1533 private men were made prifoners; and a 
 confiderable magazine was taken. 
 
 Auguft 2. The king of Pruflla attacked the rear 
 guard of the Auftrians under General Haddick, as 
 they were upon their march to join the Ruffians, 
 made 1200 prifoners, and took alt the ovens, and 
 300 waggons loaded with flour, together with 50 
 of powder, which were immediately deftroy*d. On 
 the 3d, the priibners made upon Haddick's corps 
 amounted to 1600. 
 
 Auguft 4. The Marquis d*Armentieres raifed the 
 blockade of Lipftadt. 
 
 Auguft 4. Major General Amherft took polfef- 
 fion of Crown Point, which the French had aban- 
 don'd on the firft inftant. A confiderable quantify 
 of ordnance and military Itores was found at this 
 poft, and 2ii Ticonderoga. 
 
 • •■' "■'' •' . ' ■ '- ".: 
 
 Auguft 5. The city of Leipfic furrendee'd to the- 
 army of the Empire. Aug- 
 
 4 
 
 Biiiir 
 
^119^ 
 
 Of THft War* 
 
 97 
 
 Auguji 5. Lieutenant General Urff, fun'ouhded 
 and took prifonc^s about 800 of the enemy at Dct^ 
 mold, and made himfelf mafter of the heavy bag- 
 gage of the French army and the military cheft of 
 the Saxons. Among the papers found on this oc- 
 cafion, there was the famous letter of the Duke 
 de Bellifle to Marfhal de Contades, declaring the 
 inability of the French to carry on the war without 
 great contributions drawn from the countries of the 
 allies, and advifing the Marlhal to make a down- 
 right defart before his line of winter quarters. 
 
 Augufi — The French burnt their forts at Ve- 
 nango, Prcfque Ifle, and La Buef, and retir'd to 
 Detroit. 
 
 Augufi 6. The Allies march'd to Bielvcld, where 
 they found a confiderable magazine. 
 
 Augufi 9. The Allies made 400 prifoners at Pa- 
 derborn, and took another magazine *, thofe at 
 Munfter, Dulmen, and Warendrop, were deftroy*d 
 by the French. 
 
 Atiguji 10. The army of the Empire took pof- 
 fefTion of Halle, Naumbourg, Zeitz, and Hal- 
 bcrftadt. 
 
 Augufi I a. The Crefccnt Captain Collingwood, 
 engag'd two French frigates, the Amethyfte of 32 
 guns and the Barclay of 20 \ but being difabled in 
 her rigging, the former cfcap'dj the latter was 
 taken, and carried into BalTeterre. 
 
 Augufi 12. The King of Fruflia attacked Count 
 SoltikoiFat Cunncrfdorf, about eleven o* clock in 
 
 G the 
 
 
 
 
 I: 
 
 IM 
 
 1 ''Hi 
 
 f I *• ;^ I, 
 
 ..■' v; 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 ill 
 
 \.i 
 
 
98 
 
 Chronological Annals 1759. 
 
 M 
 
 I'lh , 1 
 
 tlie morning. For almofl fix hours, he drove the 
 Kuflians from tlieir pods and intrenchmcnts, with 
 prodigious (laughter ; but making a defperate at- 
 tempt, with his wearied troops, on their lall forti- 
 fied eminence near the Jews Burying Ground, his 
 infantry were twice repuls*d with vail lofs \ his ca- 
 valry met with the fame bad fortune. Night favtd 
 the fliattcr'd remains of his army. General Put- 
 kammer was kill'd in the field •, moll of his Gene- 
 rals, and inferior Officers were wounded j almoll 
 his whole artillery taken. By a Ruflian account, 
 publifli'd Ibme time after the battle, the lofs of the 
 Pruflians amounted to 133 16 men,exclufive of the 
 wounded. The Prufiians on the contrary, inclu- 
 ding 11,119 wounded, cllimated their total lofs at 
 1 8604 men. The numbers of the two armies were 
 difproportion'd ; that of Pruflla fell fliort of 50,000 
 cfi^e6live men. The Ruflians, including a large 
 body of Auftrians under General Laudohn, ex- 
 ceeded 80,000; of thefe, 2571 were kiird and 
 10,722 wounded. The Emprefs of Ruflia has or- 
 dered a thankfgiving to be annually obferv'd, for 
 perpetuating the memory of this dreadful viftory, 
 
 y^ugufl 15. Luckner's Hufi^ars routed a confi- 
 derable detachment of the French at Volckmiflen. 
 
 Auguft 1 7. The Duke of Holftein took an en- 
 tire battalion of the grenadiers Royaux, fword in 
 hand in fight of the French army. 
 
 Auguft 18 and 19 — Admiral Bofcawen, with the 
 fleet under his command, burnt the Ocean of 80 
 guns, the Redoutable of 74, and took the Centaur 
 of 74, the Temeraire of 74, and the Modefte of 
 64, off Cape Lag^os. M. de la Clue, who com- 
 manded the French fquadron, died of his wouzds 
 
 fome 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 ''\,:,\-: 
 
m 
 
 7S9' 
 
 : the 
 
 witli 
 
 te at- 
 
 forti- 
 
 I, his 
 
 lis ca- 
 
 faved 
 
 I Put- 
 
 Gene- 
 
 almort 
 
 count, 
 
 of the 
 
 of the 
 
 inclu- 
 i lofs at 
 cs were 
 
 50,000 
 a large 
 ^n, ex- 
 
 rd and 
 
 has or- 
 ivM, for 
 
 vidory. 
 
 confi- 
 Imiffen. 
 
 an cn- 
 ^ord in 
 
 ^ith the 
 of 80 
 >ntaur 
 lefte of 
 ko com- 
 Iwouzds 
 
 1759' 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 99 
 
 feme time afterwards. The Namur*s mizcn mall, 
 and both topfail yards, being (hot away, Admiral 
 Bofcawen was oblig'd to Thifc his flag to the 
 Newark. The French had near 500 men kill'd, 
 and 1800 taken, on ^oard the llvcral fliips. The 
 Captains Bently and Stanhope were knighted by 
 his Majcfty for their good behaviour in this ac- 
 tion. 
 
 Juguft 19. The Allies took Caflel with 400 
 men in garrifon, 1500 wounded, and a confidera- 
 ble magazine. 
 
 Auguji 19. The Pruflians were permitted to eva- 
 cuate Torgau, leaving behind them their grand 
 maaazinc, military cheft, heavy artillery, hoftagcs, 
 priioners of war, and defcrters. 
 
 Juguft 2 1 . "Wittenberg capitulated to the army 
 of the Empire, and its garrilbn join*d the Pruflian 
 forces. Major General de Horn was put under ar- 
 reft by the King's order, to be tried by a court- 
 martial, for furrendering that place. 
 
 Jugufl 23. Lieutenant Colonel Freytagg took 
 Ziegenhayn, and made the garrifon of three or four 
 hundred men prifoners of war. 
 
 Juguft 28. Colonel Wunfch retook Wittenberg 
 by capitulation. 
 
 Augujl 28. The troops under the hereditary 
 Prince attack'd Fifcher's corps at Wetter, diflodg'd 
 it from that pod, kill'd many men, and made 400 
 prifoners of war. 
 
 * i'- 
 
 4' I \ 
 
 ■^11 
 
 -^ r 
 
 ^ i 
 
 ' ' % 
 
 .It 
 
 02 
 
 Sep' 
 
loo Chronological Annals 
 
 759- 
 
 ii i: 
 
 I'll. 
 
 Mm 
 
 
 September i. A detachment of the garrifon of 
 Stettin furpriz'd a body of 400 Swedes, and kill'd 
 or took prifoners the greateft part of it. 
 
 Septal. The hereditary Prince furpriz'd the 
 French at Neider- Weimar, made feveral prifoners, 
 and took two pieces of cannon. 
 
 Sept, — Brigadier Murray landed at De Cham- 
 baiid on the North Shore, above the town of Que- 
 bec, and burnt a French magaz;ine, in which were 
 fome provifions, ammunition, and all the fpare 
 ftores, clothing, arms, and baggage of the army. 
 
 Sept. 4. Drefden furrender*d to the army of the 
 Empire under the Prince de Deux Ponts, after 
 having been three years in the hands of the Pruf- 
 fians. ^ 
 
 -I 
 Sept. 4. The King of Pruflia diflodg*d a confi- 
 derable detachment of Ruffians from Muhlrofe, 
 where feveral hundreds were taken prifoners. 
 
 Sept. 4. The French abandon*d their ftrdng 
 camp at Marpurg, and took the route of Gieflen ; 
 having march*d backwards, fmce the firft of Au- 
 guft, about 200 Englilh ftatute miles. 
 
 ■ Sept. 6. General Imhoff rais'd the fiege of 
 Munfter. 
 
 • - ■ » , 
 
 Sept. 8. General Wunfcli attack*d the army of 
 the Empire near Torgau, (which the Pruffians had 
 retaken fome time before) broke their left wing 
 entirely, took their whole camp, and feven pieces 
 of cannon, purfued them for an hour towards Eu- 
 
 lenburg, 
 
 flee 
 fou 
 ftor 
 of < 
 one 
 (hip 
 beer 
 I lupe 
 \ grea 
 
 ibur 
 the c 
 
 I ^'^> 
 I dron. 
 
 I Wey 
 
 prop( 
 
 i depri 
 
 J equa 
 
 '' after\ 
 
 i 400 
 
 ^ three 
 
 theG 
 
 more. 
 
 moun 
 
 of th 
 
 Newci 
 
 tenant 
 
 kiird. 
 
 wounc 
 
 ton re( 
 
 cers ar 
 
 try, ar 
 
7S9' 
 
 on of 
 kill'd 
 
 d the 
 foners, 
 
 ftrcJng 
 jieflen ; 
 of Au- 
 
 ege 
 
 of 
 
 1759. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 loi 
 
 lenburg, and made upwards of 400 men prifoners 
 of war. 
 
 Sept. 10. Vice- Admiral Pocock, the third time, 
 attacked and defeated M'. d*Ache. The French 
 fleet confifted of three fhips of 74 ^uns, one of 70, 
 four of 64, three of 60, two frigates and two 
 ftorc-lhipsi in all 15. The Englilh had one Ihip 
 of 68 guns, one of 66, one of 64, three of 60, 
 one of 58, two of 50, three frigates, and one fire- 
 fhipi in all 13. Such ^ force had never before 
 been feen in the Indian Seas. The French had a 
 fuperiority of 192 guns and 2365 men, befides a 
 great advantage in the fize of their fhips. The en- 
 gagement lafted from two in the afternoon till 
 four i when the French rear firft, and foon after 
 the center, began to give way ; then the van made 
 fail, ftood on, and bore away with the whole fqua- 
 dron. M. d* Ache having begun the adion before the 
 Weymouth and Sunderland could clofe, and get 
 properly into the engagement, thofe two fhips were 
 deprived, by the nature of that difpofition, of an 
 equal fhare in the glory of the day. The enemy 
 afterwards reach'd Pondicherry, where they landed 
 400 European feamen, 200 cofFrees, about two or 
 three lacks of roupees, and the diamonds taken in 
 the Grantham Indiaman, to the value of two lacks 
 more. The lofs of the French in the aftion, a- 
 mounted to near 1500 kill'd and wounded; that 
 of the Englifh, to 56^. Captain Michie of the 
 Newcaille, Captain Gore of the Marines, the Lieu- 
 tenants Redfhaw and Elliot, were among the 
 kill'd. Captain Somerfet of the Cumberland, was 
 wounded in one of his ankles ; and Captain Bur- 
 ton receiv'd a contufion in his head. All the offi- 
 cers and feamen behav'd with the utmofl gallan- 
 try, and maintain'd the honour of their country 
 
 G 3 and 
 
 
 m 
 
 ■[f \ 
 
 '■ 
 
 
 ; ; 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 E 
 
 
 
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 ;,l 
 
 
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 iii 
 
 !n 
 
 '(,/ ' 
 
 102 Chronological Annals 1759. 
 
 and the antient reputation of the Britifli flag. The 
 Moras of 50 guns, was faid to have been broken 
 up by the French, before this engagement. 
 
 Sept, 10. The Swedifli fquadron attack'd the 
 twelve PrulTian veflels near the ifle of XJf€;dom, 
 and took eight of them. Ufcdom furrender*d, and 
 the garrifon of 600 men were piade prifoners of 
 war. . ' ' ....• , - . ■•; ■ .-.■ < , / - ■ 
 
 Sept. II. The Caftle of Marpurg capitulated, 
 and the garrifon of 857 men, officers included, 
 ilirrender'd prifoners of war ♦, a great quantity 
 of provifipns and ammunition was found in the 
 place. \ .. ■ ,= , 
 
 Sept. — The Swedes made themfelves mafters 
 ofTemplin, near Berlin. 
 
 Septemb. 13. Leipfic was retaken by, General 
 Wunfch, and three battalions made prifoners of 
 
 war. ; - ; , ';.''.-.- -■ JV 
 
 Sept. 13. The Britifh army landed, an hour be- 
 fore day-break, on the North Shore, within a 
 league of Cape Diamond, and about a mile and an 
 half above the town of Quebec; having gain'd the 
 top of the hill, that was of a very fteep afcent, and 
 without any path wide enough for two perfons to 
 go a-breaft, (which oblig'd the troops to pull them- 
 felves up by the flumps and boughs of trees that 
 cover'd the Declivity) General Wolfe then faw the 
 French army, under the Marquis de Montcalm, 
 crofling the river St. Charles \ he immediately 
 form'd his line -, and both armies drew up in order 
 of battle, a little before ten, on the heights of 
 Abraham. The Britifh artillery co^ififted of one 
 
 gun 
 
\:>: 
 
 ^759- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 103 
 
 »d the 
 re;dom, 
 'd, and 
 ners of 
 
 ulated, 
 
 :luded, 
 
 uantity 
 
 in the 
 
 mafters 
 
 General 
 ners of 
 
 gun only, which was admirably ferv'd -, the French 
 had two twelve pounders with them. The battle 
 was brifk and animated for fome time -, but the 
 Britifh troops having referv'd their fire till they 
 came within forty yards, and continuing it with 
 vivacity, the enemy were oblig'd to give way in 
 every part. The brave General Wolfe tell at the 
 head of Bragg's and the Louifburg grenadiers, as 
 they were advancing with their bayonets. Briga- 
 dier Monckton receiv'd a wound, about the fame 
 time, at the head of Lafcelles's, which oblig'd 
 him to quit the field. M. de Montcalm fell in the 
 front of the oppofite battalions ; and Brigadier Se- 
 nezergues, the fecond in command, received a 
 mortal wound. The grenadiers, Bragg's, and Laf- 
 celles's, prefs'd on with their Bayonets ; Brigadier 
 Marray, advancing brifkly with his troops, com- 
 •)leated the route on this fide -, The Highlanders, 
 iiipported by Anftruther's, drove part of the ene- 
 my with their broad fwords into the town, and 
 part to their bridge on the river St. Charles. 
 Brigadier Townfhend, upon whom the command 
 now devolv'd, having already prevented the French 
 from flanking the left of the army, where he was 
 pofted, repair'd at this time to the center ; reftor'd 
 order to the troops whom the hurry of fuccefs had 
 put into fome confufion : watchM the motions of 
 M. de Bougainville, who with a frefli corps of 
 1500 men from Cape-Rouge, feem'd to have a 
 defign upon his rear ; and render'd the vidory fe- 
 cure. Two pieces of cannon were taken. The 
 French loft about 1500 men kill'd and wounded, 
 chiefly regulars ; that of the Englifli was compa- 
 ratively fmall, amounting to no more than 58 
 kill'd, 596 wounded, and 3 mifllng •, In all, 6§y. 
 
 Sep- 
 
 
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 /', 
 
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 Ui 
 
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 X04 Chronologicai Annals 1759. 
 
 Sept. — Prince Henry of Pruflla made himfelf 
 mailer of the Auftrian magazines at Gorlitz, Ga- 
 bel, Zittau, and Bomifch-Friedland, on the fron- 
 tiers of Bohemia -, and Major-General Stutterheim 
 took abovit 700 prifoners. 
 
 Sept. 18, The town of Quebec furrender*d to 
 Vice- Admiral Saunders and Brigadier Townfhend, 
 The garrilbn of near iqoo men, officers, foldiers, 
 and feamen, capitulated to be imbark'd for the firft 
 port in France. A great quantity of artillery and 
 military (lores, was found in the town, and the in- 
 trenchments along the Beauport fliore. 
 
 Sepf. 21. General Wunfch with the vanguard of 
 the Pruffian army, gain'd a confiderable advantage 
 near Neulladt, over the army of the empire com- 
 manded by the Prince de Deux-Ponts ; whilft Ge- 
 neral Rebcntifch, at the head of five battalions 
 and fifteen fquadrons of the right wing, was en- 
 gaged with the Auftrians under General Haddick 
 near Stroifchen : the Pruffian cavalry were twice rc- 
 puls'd by that of the Auftrians; the infantry ftood 
 their ground with great firmnefs, and remain'd on 
 the field of battle : but General Finck, the com- 
 mander in chief, having reafon to think that the 
 Prince dp Deux-Ponts, or General H^dick, in- 
 tended to renew the engagement next day, order*d ' 
 General Rebentifch to return, at midnight, into the 
 firft line. The Pruffians took one piece of cannon, 
 and loft five of their own, when their cavalry were 
 repuls'd the Tecond time. General Finck ftiH re- 
 mained in his Camp at Corbitz near Drefden, on 
 the 24th, when the army of the Empire was re- 
 tiring to Keflcldorf, The lofs of the Pruffians in 
 tlipf^ two engagements amounted to about 1000 
 
 men; 
 
i- '< 
 
 759' 
 
 imfelf 
 
 , Ga- 
 
 fron- 
 
 rheim 
 
 r'd to 
 (hend. 
 ildiers, 
 hefirft 
 ry and 
 the in- 
 
 Liard of 
 vantage 
 e com- 
 1ft Ge- 
 ttalions 
 /as en- 
 addick 
 /ice re- 
 y ftood 
 in'd on 
 ; com- 
 at the 
 k, in- 
 rder'd ' 
 to the 
 nnon, 
 [y were 
 ill re- 
 in, on 
 /as re- 
 lans in 
 
 1000 
 
 men ♦, 
 
 1759- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 105 
 
 men •, that of the Auftrians and Imperialifts, in 
 kiird, wounded and Prifoners, exceeded 4000. 
 ' 1' 
 S.pt. 25. Prince Henry of Pruflia left his camp 
 at Hermfdorf near Gorlitz, in the evening of the 
 23d, and took his route by Rothenburg to Hoyerf- 
 werda ; where, after a march of eleven German 
 miles, he furpriz'd General Vehla, kill'd 600 Au- 
 ftrians in the fieltl and in the woods, made near 
 1500 prifoners, among whom was the General 
 himfelf with upwards of 20 Officers, and took 
 three pieces of cannon. 
 
 Sept. 26' Major Brereton took Trivatoor 'in the 
 Eaft Indies) and made, one Captain with 22 men 
 of the Lorrain regiment, and 8 Huflars, prifoners 
 of war. 
 
 05iober i. Major Brereton order'd the Majors 
 Monfon and Caillaud to attack Wandewafh-Pet- 
 tah (a Pettah is a Village belonging to, and com- 
 monly furrounding, every Indian Fort) at one end 
 with 500 men -, while Major Gordon made another 
 attack, at the fame time, with 200 men between 
 the Fort and the Pettah : the former met with 
 little refiftance in entering the Pettah -, but the lat- 
 ter was only able to carry 20 men in with him, his 
 Party having been broke by the fire of the ene- 
 my. At day-break, the French charged the En- 
 fflilh with vigour, and. after a difpute of near two 
 hours, oblig'd them to abandon the Pettah with 
 the lofs of four guns and 202 men (among whom 
 were eleven Officers ) in the adtion and retreat. 
 The French fuffer'd equally in point of numbers j 
 but the lofs of fo many Officers of approved valour 
 and merit, was an effential advantage to the ene- 
 my. The Englifti returned to their cantonment at 
 
 Conje- 
 
 .^'m 
 
 ..•ii;;i, ::: 
 
 '■ •'!« 
 
 
il\t 
 
 m ■ . 
 
 I 'h 
 
 •: ■" 
 
 liiiii. 
 
 ..ij 
 
 mL'ii 
 
 106 Chronological Annals 1759. 
 
 Conjeveram. The French foon afterwards laid 
 fiege to Tagada near Trichinopoly ; and, having 
 entirely routed Lieutenant Raillard, who came with 
 a fmall party to its relief, obtain'd poflTelTion of the 
 tort, which Serjeant Hunterman furrender'd upon 
 honourable terms. After this fuccefs, the French 
 attack'd and carried Seringham, which was gallant- 
 ly defended by two companies of Sepoys, who 
 were cruelly treated for their bravery. 
 
 OSioher 13. The French having a little fleet on 
 Lake Champlain, confiding of a new veflel of 16 
 guns, a fchooner of 10, and three (loops of 8, with 
 fwivels in all of them -, General Amherft was oblig'd 
 to defer his expedition againft Mr. Bourlemaque 
 on the Ifle au Noix, till he fhould be able to com- 
 mand that Lake. On the 1 1 th of Odober, the Ge- 
 neral and the troops imbark'd in four Columns on 
 board the batteaus, under convoy of a radeau of 
 fix 24 pounders, and a brigantine of 18 guns and 
 20 fwivels, and a floop of 16 guns and 22 fwivels, 
 the whole commanded by Captain Loring. The 
 French, on the 13th funk two of their floops in 
 five fathom water, and ran the third a-ground, to 
 prevent their falling into Captain Loring's hands. 
 Contrary winds, and the approach of winter, ob- 
 lig'd General Amherft to abandon his enterprize 
 againft the Ifle au Noix, after he had obtain'd this 
 fuperiority upon the Lake. 
 
 05toher 14. M. des Eflars in the Conde of 64 
 guns, together with a frigate of 22, and two other 
 veflfels, attack'd and took Gombroon, a defence- 
 lefs faftory about 1 5 degrees weft of Surat. Gom- 
 broon is an European name for Bunder- A bbafli, 
 which was built by the great Shaw Abbas Sophi of 
 Ferfia, after he had, with the afllftance of the En- 
 
 glifh 
 
J759' 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 107 
 
 glifh, taken Ormus from the Portuguefe, and 
 ruin'd it. By the 4th and 6ch articles of capitu- 
 lation, M. d'Eftaing, then on board the Conde, 
 made his own exchange, and fet himfelf at liberty 
 from the parole which he gave at Madrafs, and 
 which ran in the ufual form, "not to ferve dire6t- 
 "ly or indiredly agaijift the Englilh, during the 
 " prefent war, or till he Ihould be regularly ex- 
 " chang'd." This gentleman, in the iame fhip, de- 
 ftrcy'd all the Englifh fcttlements on the coaft of 
 Sumatra, in the eourfe of the following year : of 
 which exploit, a very magnificent account was 
 publilh'd in the Amfterdani Gazette. 
 
 OMer 23. Colonel Luckner attack*d a ftrong 
 poll of the French at Neidcr-Brechen, kill'd one 
 Lieutenant Colonel, one Major, two Captains, be- 
 tween 40 and 50 inferiour officers and private 
 men ; made an officer and 7 1 private men pri- 
 foners -, and took gg horfes, together with 112 
 waggons loaded with forage. 
 
 OSfober — The Swedes were driven from Paffe- 
 walk and Demmin by General ManteufFcl, who 
 feiz'd their military cheft at the latter place. 
 
 OMer 29. Baron Gemminghen, who command- 
 ed the rear-guard of the Duke d'Aremberg's 
 troops, was defeated near Pretfch, by the Generals 
 Rebentifch and Wunfch, under the orders of Prince 
 Henry. The Auftrians loft part of their tents, a 
 large quantity of baggage, and fome cannon in the 
 engagement ; Barcn Gemminghen, 20 officers, 
 and 1200 private men were made prifoners. The 
 next day General Finck made more prifoners at 
 Dabcm. 
 
 November 
 
 Mil 
 
 
 '^\^^r. 
 
 1 I' 
 
 •r 
 
 
 
 t iA- 
 
 ■IP 
 
 ii! 
 
 
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 ;i 
 
 /', 11 
 
 X ■ 'I 
 
 !. li 
 
 11 
 
 S !i! 
 
 i: '!! 
 
 ■; !l:hV. 
 
 108 Chronological Annals 1759, 
 
 November 5. The Swedes abandon'd Anclam, 
 and repafs'd the Peene. 
 
 Nov, 20. M. de Gayon, having obtain'd on the 
 20th the terms he demanded from the Count de 
 la Lippe, marchM out of the town of Munfter on 
 the 2 1 ft, and General ImhofF cnter*d it on the 2 2d. 
 
 Nov. 20 and 2 1. At Maxeh, not far from Strup- 
 pen, in the neighbourhood of the famous camp of 
 Pirna; Marfhal Daun furprizM, furrounded, and 
 made prilbners 12,762 Pruffians, including Officers 
 and Generals ; took 24 ftandards, 96 colours, g 
 pair of filver-kcttle drums, one of brafs, and 70 
 pieces of cannon of different bores. The Auftrians 
 loft about 1000 men. The names of the nine 
 Pruflian Generals were, Finck, Rebentifch,Wunfch, 
 Platten, Lindftacdt, Mofel, Bredow, Fafult, and 
 Gerfdorff. 
 
 Nov. 20. The French fleet under Marfhal Con- 
 flans, (having been reinforc'd by draughts from 
 M. Bompart*s fquadron, which arriv'd on the 8th 
 of November, after the violence of the wind had 
 driven Sir Edward Hawke into Torbay) fet fail on 
 the 14th, from the harbour of Breft. M. Conflans 
 difcover'd Commodore DufPs fquadron of frigates 
 at four o' clock in the morning of the 20th, but 
 chafing it in a line, Sir Edward Hawke appear*d 
 in fight time enough to prevent its capture. About 
 half an hour paft two in the afternoon, the engage- 
 ment began between the two fleets, to the fouth- 
 ward of Bellifle. About four, the Formidable of 
 80 guns 1000 men, ftruck after a defperate re- 
 ftftance. A httle after this, the Thefee of 74 guns 
 815 men, a new Ihip, uninjur'd by the fire of the 
 
 Brit- 
 
 I;',:: 
 
 ,'l':ii:,'ii 
 
.JH 
 
 J759. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 109 
 
 Britifti fleet, rowrd fcveral times in deep plunges 
 and funk on her broadfide. The Superbe of 70 
 guns 800 men, which had likcwife receivM n n- 
 jury in the adtion, funk inftantly like a (tone •, out 
 of the crews of thefe two (hips, 50 only were fa- 
 ved. By day-break, on the 21 ft, the Resolution of 
 74 guns Captain Spekc, was difcover*d difmafted 
 on a large fand bank call'd " the Four." The Ef- 
 fcx of 64 guns Captain Obrian, having been or- 
 dcr'd to flip, and purfue the French Heros of 74 
 guns, and the Soleil Royal of 80 guns (which un- 
 der cover of the night had anchor*d among the 
 Britifli fleet, and then cut, and run afhore, to the 
 weftward of Croizie ) alfo unfortunately ftruck 
 upon the fame bank. Both thefe (hips were irre- 
 coverably loft, and their remains fet on fire. About 
 fourfcorc of the Refolution's company, in fpite of 
 the Captain's remonftrances, made rafts, put ofl^, 
 and were driven out to fea : one Lieutenant, with 
 a boat's crew, belonging to the EflTex, was driven 
 on the French ihore : the reft of the crew, in both 
 Ihips were preferv'd. On the 2 2d, the Soleil-Royal 
 and the Heros were deftroy'd -, the former by the 
 French, the latter by the Englifh. Seven or eight 
 of the French line of battle ftiips got into the river 
 Vilaine ; the remainder put out to fea the night of 
 the adion, and afterwards retir'd into one of the 
 ports in the ifle of Aix, from whence they were 
 brought into the river Charante. The Heros 
 having ftruck to the Magnanime, before (he was 
 deftroy'd 5 Lord Howe demanded the crew, as his 
 prifoners, at the Due d'Aiguillon's table : the fad 
 was acknowledg'd,. but the difcuflion of fo nice a 
 point, was left to their refpeftive Sovereigns. Only 
 nine of the Britilh (hips had any (hare in this vic- 
 tory. The Jufte, a French (hip of 70 guns, was 
 afterwards loft in that narrow and dangerous paf- 
 
 fage 
 
 I, 
 
 i, .(fl 
 
 ! 
 
 ;?' t 
 
 
 I ' 1 ' ' '1 
 1,1 1.. I 
 
 'I 
 
iro Caronological Annals 1759. 
 
 fagc between the Four and Croizie ; of 800 men, 
 a tenth only was faved. The French fleet confided 
 of 25 fliips, four of which were frigates ; the 
 Englifh, of 3.3 i ten of which were frigates from 
 50 to 28 guns. His Majeily to recompence this 
 important fervice, granted a penfion of 2000 
 pounds per annum to Sir Edward Hawke, for his 
 life, and for the lives of his two fons, and the fur- 
 vivor of them j and Sir Edward afterwards receiv'd 
 the unanimous thanks of the Houfe of Commons. 
 
 t, i 
 
 fir 
 
 
 i|.> 
 
 J. I, 
 
 Nov. 24. The Calcutta Captain Wilfon, Dyke 
 of Dorfet Captain Forrefter, and Hardwick Cap- 
 tain Sampfon, having demanded, of the Dutch 
 Commodore, an Englilh fnow, ana four or five 
 floops, which he had arbitrarily ftopp'd in the river 
 Bengal, and that demand not being complied with, 
 began a bold and refolute engagement with the 
 fcven Dutch (hips under the Commodore's orders. 
 After an adion of two hours, the Commodore 
 ilruck, with three other (h;ps; the remaining three 
 ran down the river, and fsll into the hands of the 
 Royal George and the Oxford Indiamen 
 
 Nov. 24. Colonel Forde, with 350 Europeans, 
 1500 Sepoys, 20 Gentlemen of the independent 
 Company mounted, 50 Perfian horfe, and about 
 30 Volunteers, intending to halt at Chandanagore j 
 was fir*d upon by the Dutch troops, which had occu- 
 pied that place ; the Colonel immediately diflodg*d 
 them, kiird near 50, and purfued the reft to the walls 
 of their own Fort Chincura : he took upon this oc- 
 cafion four field pieces and all their baggage. 
 
 Nov, 25. The Dutch army, compos'd of Euro- 
 peans and BuggeCes, having advanced from their 
 ihips near to Chiiicura, Colonel Forde met them 
 
 in 
 
 ■'li.' 
 
 'n'M]- 
 
^759' 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 Ill 
 
 in a neighbouring plain, gave them battle, and put 
 them to flight in fuch a manner, that very few cf- 
 cap'd being kill'd or taken prifoners. In conle- 
 quence of this vidory, a treaty was concluded be- 
 tween the Englilh and the Direftor and Council of 
 Chincura, to the advantage of the former. 
 
 Nov. 30 The hereditary Prince of Brunfwick, 
 and Prince Charles of Bevern, defeated, near Fulda, 
 three battalions of grenadiers, and the regiment of 
 Wernick, being part of the army of the Duke of 
 Wirtembcrg. A confiderabic number of thefe bat- 
 talions was cut to pieces, the reft threw down their 
 arms, and were made prifoners of war, with all 
 their officers ; the hereditary Prince took from 
 them, two pieces of cannon, two pair of colours, 
 their baggage, and beft cloathes, in which they 
 were drels'd that day for a feu de joye. 
 
 Nov. 30. The garrifon of Wondivafli (in the 
 Eaft Indies ) con^ifting of 5 fubaltern Officers, 6^ 
 private Europeans, and 500 Sepoys, furrender*d 
 prifoners of war to Colonel Coote ; 49 pieces of 
 cannon were taken, with a great quantity of Am- 
 munition. 
 
 Dec. 4. The Mermaid of 24 guns ftruck on Wal- 
 ker's, Key, one of the moft northern of the Baha- 
 mas, and was loft"; the crew were faved. 
 
 Dec. 3 and 4. Lieutenant General Beck, under 
 the orders of Marlhal Daun, attacked and defeated 
 a confiderable body of Pruffians, near Meiflen, 
 commanded by General Diercke ♦, many of the 
 Pruffians were cut to pieces ♦, Major Gen. Diercke 
 himfelf, 55 Officers, and the three battalions of 
 Haufen, Canitz, and Bernbourg, befides dragoons 
 
 and 
 
 
 ■■'■i'i' 
 
 y\m 
 
 I m 
 
 ..V 
 
112 Chronological Annals 
 
 II I 'i; 
 
 ! .|i. 
 
 1!1 ^ 
 
 .!!■ 
 
 I 1 
 
 t 
 
 759. 
 
 i II 
 
 and Huflars, were made prifoners ; S pieces of 
 cannon, 61 brafs drums, all the baggage, and a 
 conliderablc number of horlcs were taken. 
 
 Dec. 10. The fort of Carangoly (in the Eafl In- 
 dies) furrender'd to Colonel Coote upon honourable 
 terms j five out of nine guns were dilmounted. 
 
 Bee. — The Hunter and Efthcr cutters, ftation'd 
 off Havre de Grace, were taken by a French fri- 
 gate that came out of Havre for that purpofe. 
 
 Dec. 25. The hereditary Prince of Brunfwich ar- 
 riv'd at Chemnitz in Saxony, with a body of 10 or 
 12,000 men, detach'd from the army of Prince 
 Ferdinand, to the affiftance of the King of Pruflia. 
 
 Dec. 26. Governour Littleton concluded a treaty 
 of peace and friendfliip, at Fort Prince George in 
 South Carolina, with AttakuUakuUa or the little 
 Carpenter, Deputy of the whole Cherokee Nation, 
 and other principal Cherokees, which that Nation 
 foon afterwards violated in the moil open and 
 Ihamcful manner. 
 
 Dec. 29. Colonel Luckner with his Chafleurs, 
 cut to pieces or made prifoners, a body 0/ 400 
 French volunteers, (excepting 22 men only, who 
 cfcap'd) and took one piece of cannon. 
 
 Dec, — M. Scheiter pafs'd the Rhine, furpriz'd 
 a French Detachment, burnt a large magazine, 
 and took the whole baggage of the Swifs regiment 
 of Jcnner, without any lofs on his fide. 
 
 Supplies granted by Parliament for thefervice of tk 
 
 year 1759. 
 
 Twelve million, feven hundred forty nine thou- 
 fand, eight hundred and fixty pounds. 
 
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1760. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 119 
 
 1760. 
 
 January — AN advanc'd poft of the Allies at 
 £\^ Herborn, confifting of a Captain 
 and 100 men, was obliged to fubmit to the French 
 after a vigorous refiftance. 
 
 Jan. 7. M. de Derenthal reliev'd the Caftle of 
 Dillenbourg, made 40 French officers and 700 pri- 
 vate men prifoners, and took feven pair of colours, 
 with two pieces of cannon. 
 
 Jan, 7. Major Keith's Highlanders and Luck- 
 ner'sHuflars, attack'd Baufremont's dragoons in the 
 village of Eybach, kill'd and difpers'd great part 
 of them, made about 80 prifoners, and took near 
 200 horfes with the baggage of the regiment. The 
 Highlanders greatly diftinguifh'd themfelvcs on 
 this occafion. 
 
 Jan. II. The Marquifs of Granby bomb-ketch, 
 was run down b) the Bird tender, to the eaft-ward 
 of the ifland of May in the Firth of Forth, and 
 llmk immediately to the bottom. 
 
 Jan. — A French Eaft-Indiaman, taken about 
 two years before by the Protestor, a fhip belong- 
 ing to the Englifh Eaft-India Company, was con- 
 demn'd in Dodtors Commons as a lawful capture. 
 
 Jan. 22. Colonel Eyre Coote defeated Lieute- 
 nant General Lally near Wondivafh. The French 
 
 force 
 
 ri\ 
 
 :ii 
 
 
 m 
 
i I 
 
 120 Chronological Annals 1760, 
 
 force was composM of 2200 Europeans, 300 Cof- 
 fcries or Caffres from Madagafcar, and between 9 
 and 10,000 black troops. The Englilh amounted 
 to 1700 Europeans and 3^00 black troops. The 
 French, in their own account, own*d the lofs of 
 800 men kill'd and wounded, 200 of whom the 
 Conquerors buritd in the field. Among the pri- 
 foners were Brigadier General Bufly, Le Chevaliei: 
 Godeville quarter mafter general, Lieutenant Co- 
 lonel Murphy, of Lally's regiment, Le Chevalier 
 de Poete Knight of Malta (who afterwards died of 
 his wounds) three Captains, five Lieutenants, and 
 two B^nfigng. Twelve pieces of iron cannon, and 
 ten of brafs were taken, together with a quantity 
 of fhot, and all implements belonging to the train. 
 The lofs of the vidorious army amounted to 192 
 Europeans and 70 Blacks kill'd and wounded. The 
 gallant Major Brereton died of his wounds. M. 
 Lally blew up a large magazine of powder in his 
 retreat •, and loon afterwards recall'd all his troops 
 from Seringham, confifting of near 500 European 
 horfe and foot. After this vidory. Colonel Coote 
 detach'd Captain de Vaflerot to lay wafte the 
 bounds of Pondicherry, who brought off a booty 
 of 4000 head of cattle. 
 
 f I'l 
 
 
 Vi! ! 
 
 Jan. 27 and 28. 
 
 Count Ferfen, the Swe- 
 
 difh General, furpriz'd the Pruflians in the fuburb 
 of Anclam, drove them into the town, and enter'cj 
 it with them, took General Manteuffel prifoner 
 with about 300 men, kill'd 13, wounded 12, ami 
 made himfelf mafter of 3 pieces of cannon : Major 
 General Stutterheim colleded the fcatter'd Prul- 
 fians, and obliged the Swedes to retire. 
 
 Jan. 29. Le Chevalier de Tilly furrender'd Chit- 
 tiput to Colonel Coote. Four Officers, ^27 Euro- 
 peans, 
 
 I 'I 
 
iy6 
 
 o. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 121 
 
 I- -;>■ 
 
 peans, and 300 Seapoys were made prifoners •, and 
 nine guns taken, with a quantity of ammunition. 
 About this time Captain Wood inverted Arcot, got 
 pofleflion of the Pcttah, routed Zulapherzing's 
 Forces, and took his whole camp. 
 
 Jan. 30. Captain Smith, with a detachrnent, in- 
 tercepted a party of the enemy going from Arcot 
 to Gingcy, and took one Captain of the Lorrain 
 regiment, 3 Commiflaries, 10 Europeans, 50 Sea- 
 poys, and 2 pieces of brafs cannon 8 pounders. 
 
 Jan. 30. By a lift publifli'd on this day in An- 
 tigua, it appeared that the fquadron under Commo- 
 dore Moore, frop the 30th of Auguft 1757 to the 
 26th of December 1759, had taken 5^ French pri- 
 vateers, drove 3 afliore, and retaken 24 Englilh 
 veflels. 
 
 Feb. 2. Timmery furrender'd to Major Monfon; 
 one Serjeant, 20 Europeans, 60 Seapoys, and fix 
 pieces of cannon were taken. 
 
 Feb. 10. Arcot furrender'd to Colonel Coote. 
 j Captains, 8 Subalterns, 236 Europeans, and be- 
 tween ?. 2nd 300 Seapoys, were made prifoners of 
 war, 4 loartars, and 22 pieces of cannon were 
 taken, together with a great quantity of all mili- 
 tary ftores. The very day that Arcot furrender'd, 
 27 Huflars deferted, with their horfes and arms, 
 and came over to Colonel Coote ♦, not long after- 
 wards, the whole body of European cavalry, in the 
 French King's fervice, followed that example. In 
 this whole expedition from the 30th of November 
 to the loth of February inclufive, the French loft 
 108 1 Europeans kill'd, wounded, and prifoners; 
 ?7 deferters, 1360 Seapoys, 114 pieces of cannon 
 
 - in 
 
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 'iii, 
 
 r^K^^' li 
 
 122 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
 in iron and brafs, 4 mortars, and a very confider- 
 able quantity of ammunition. 
 
 Fehr. — The Faln.outh, a fliip belonging to 
 Admiral Cornifli's fquadron, obliged the Haerlem 
 to run alhore, two leagues to the northward of Pon- 
 dicherry. — The garrifons of Permacoil and A- 
 lemparve, furrender*d Prifoners of War. 
 
 Fei^r. 15. In the night, the Ramiliesof 90guns, 
 734 men Captain Taylor, dafh'd to pieces, in a 
 violent ftorm, againft a rock between the Start 
 Point and Plymouth. One midfhipman aud 26 Tea- 
 men were faved ; the Captain and all the reft of 
 the crew unfortunately perifti'd. — The Hawke 
 cutter with one officer and 1 2 men was loft in the 
 fame terrible ftorm. 
 
 Feh. 20. The Auftrians, under General Beck, 
 attacked the Pruffians, under General Czette- 
 ritz, near Torgau *, the lofs in this affair was of 
 no great importance, but the Pruflian General had 
 the misfortune to be taken prifoner, with two fqua- 
 drons of light cavalry. 
 
 Ffl^r, 21. The caftle of Carrickfergus capitu- 
 lated to Brigadier General Flobcrt at the head of 
 1000 French troops; and Lieutenant Colonel Jen- 
 nings furrender'd himfelf prifoner of war, together 
 with four companies of Major General Strodc's re- 
 giment. Colonel Jennings bravely repuls'd the e- 
 nemy in their firft attack upon the Caftle, which 
 they endeavoured to take by aftault ; but the place 
 being abfolutely untenable, and the foldiers in 
 want of ball, he was obliged to propofe terms of 
 capitulation. M. Flobert was wounded in the leg, 
 and left at Carrickfergus when the troops reim- 
 
 bark'd 
 
 \ .i 
 
 'li'l 
 
[760. 
 ifider- 
 
 ng to 
 lerlem 
 fPon- 
 nd A- 
 
 ► guns, 
 3, in a 
 ; Start 
 26 lea- 
 reft of 
 Hawke 
 : in the 
 
 Beck, 
 Czette- 
 was of 
 
 al had 
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 capitu- 
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 el Jen- 
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 e*s rc- 
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 ; place 
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 reim- 
 Ibark'd 
 
 176a. • Of the War. 123 
 
 bark*d. Colonel Jennings receiv'd the thanks of 
 the Irifli Houfe of Commons for his bravery and 
 condudt. 
 
 Febr, — The Thames Captain Richard Saun- 
 ders, from Leghorn to London, valued at 100,000 
 pounds fterling, was taken by the Fulvie privateer 
 of Dunkirk and her confort, each of them pierc*d 
 for 22 guns and mounting 18, after an engage- 
 ment or two hours. 
 
 Fehr. 29. Captain Elliot in the -^olus of 32 guns 
 220 men, together with Captain Clements in the 
 Pallas of 36 guns 240 men, and Captain Logic in 
 the Brilliant of 36 guns 240 men, attack'd and 
 took the Marihal Bellifle of 44 guns 545 men 
 (troops included) Captain Thurot, La Blonde 32 
 guns 400 men Captain La Kayce, and the Terp- 
 iichore 26 guns 300 men Captain Defrauaudais : 
 the engagement was between the Mull of Gallo- 
 way and the Ifle of Man, and lafted upwards of an 
 hour and an half. The French had near 300 kiird 
 and wounded •, the Englilh, no more than 5 kiird 
 and 31 wounded. Captain Elliot and his gallant 
 companions receiv'd the thanks of the Irilh Houfe 
 of Commons for this important Service. M. Thu- 
 rot, who fell in the adtion, was an excellent fea- 
 man, a brave officer, and a generous enemy. 
 
 March 12. Major Podewills, with 300 Pruffian 
 dragoons and Huflars, furpriz'd 1400 Coflkcks at 
 Arcnfwalde, kill'd a Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, 
 and 80 men, made 30 prifoners, and brought away 
 40 horfes. 
 
 Mar, 
 
 
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 124 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
 ^-l!. 
 
 M 
 
 I • ' ! 
 
 March 15 and 16. General Laudohn, >vith a 
 confiderable force, attack*d, near Newlladt, the 
 Captains Blumenthal and Zittzwitz, with the regi- 
 ment of ManteufFel, and a fquadron of the dra- 
 groons of Bareith, under their command. Five co- 
 ver'd waggons laden with baggage, and 1 8 carts 
 with meal and oats, fell into the hands of the Au- 
 ilrians, who fuffer'd neverthelefs in the engage- 
 ment, lofing 28 officers and near xooo men kill'd 
 and wounded -, the total lofs of the Prufllans did 
 not exceed 200 men. The Ai^ftrians abandoned 
 Newfladt on the 1 7th. v •.; ,n;r.i . 
 
 i I ' 
 
 h 
 
 March 16 and 17. A body of light troops of the 
 army of tlie Empire, under the orders of General 
 Luckziniki, furpriz*d at Zeitz, and carried off, 8 
 officers and 100 private men of a Pruffian regiment 
 of Carabineers. 
 
 March — The Tartar's prize, a frigate of 20 
 guns, founder'd in the Mediterranean, but the of- 
 ficers and crew were taken up by a Danifh fhip, 
 and carried into Malta, 
 
 March 28. The Penguin frigate of 20 guns, 
 Captain Harris, was taken and funk, off Vigo, by 
 the Malicieufe of 36 guns and the Opale of 32. . 
 
 April 2. The Conde Eafl-Indiaman of 36 guns 
 and a frigate of 1 8 with 800 men under the Count 
 d*Eftaign, obliged the crew of the Denh^m India- 
 man to fet fire to her, and afterwards dcfiroy'd the 
 Englifh fettlements on the coalt of Sumatra. 
 
 V - Afril 
 
>Tm, 
 
 1760. 
 
 Of the War, 
 
 125 
 
 April 4. The Biddeford of 20 guns Captain 
 Skinner, and the Flam borough of 24 guns Cap- 
 tain Kennedy, engagM the Opale of 32 guns 250 
 men the Marquis d'Ars commander, and the Ma- 
 licicufe of 36 guns 250 men M. de Goimpy com- 
 mander. The battle laded between three and four 
 hours, when the French frigates fled with all the 
 fail they could make. Captain Skinner was unfor- 
 tunately kiird in the adion, and his Lieutenant 
 Mr. KnoUys died of his wounds foon afterwards. 
 Mr. Stace the Mafter, fought the (hip till the ene- 
 my made off. This engagement did great honour 
 to the Britifh Marine. 
 
 April 5. Carical in the Eaft-Indies, a fmall pen- 
 tagon, but of great ftrength, and built exaftly on 
 the plan of Lifle, furrender'd to the land and fea 
 Officers under Rear Admiral Cornifli and Major 
 Monfon. 
 
 April 28. The regiment of M. D*Apchon, toge- 
 ther with fome Volunteers, attack'd Colonel Frey- 
 tagg in Vacha, who was obliged to abandon that 
 town ; but taking poll upon a rifing ground, he 
 kept the French in play, till two battalions of gre- 
 nadiers came to his AfTiftance •, the French then re- 
 tir'd, but were purfued for three leagues, attacked 
 and drove from Geifa, where they had intended to 
 quarter that night. 
 
 April 2%. The Chevalier de Levis, at theTiead 
 of 10,000 French and Canadians, and 500 Indians, 
 was attack'd by Brigadier General Murray, with 
 3000 men only, near Quebec. The action lafted 
 an hour and three quarters, when General Murray 
 was obliged to retreat, after having loft 259 kill'd. 
 
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 126 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
 ff 
 
 13 prlfoners, and 832 wounded and milTing. Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel Burton, Major Dalling, and Cap- 
 tain Ince, were mention'd with honour in the Cte- 
 ncral's account of this battle. All the officers and 
 Ibldiers did their Duty. The French, by their own 
 confeflion, had 2500 men kill'd and wounded. I'he 
 cannon, which could not be brought off, were 
 nail'd up. The feverity of the climate, and the 
 fcurvy, had already deilroy'd 1000 of the garrifon, 
 and rcndrcd 2000 more totally unfit for any fcr- 
 vice. -. .- ■ 1 ',.';.: 
 
 j4pr. 29. The Prince of Wales, a rich fhipfrom 
 Genoa and Leghorn, valued at 50,000 pounds, was 
 taken by a French frigate. 
 
 May 2 and 3 . — Two hundred picked men of 
 the PruflTian army, who were lent to mark out a 
 camp near the Elbe, were taken prifoners by Ge- 
 neral Lafci, after a gallant defence. 
 
 May 5. The Pruflians abandoned Noflcn, and fet 
 fire to their magazine ; but the Auftrians came up 
 time enough to fave part of it. 7 1 
 
 May 16 and 17. In the night of the 28th of 
 April, the French open'd trenclies againft the town 
 of Quebec •, but retir'd with precipitation between 
 the 16 and 17th of May, on the arrival of part of 
 the Britifh fleet. They left behind them, their 
 camp (landing, all their baggage, flores, maga- 
 zines of provifions and ammunition ; 34 pieces of 
 battering-cannon, (4 of which were brafs twelve 
 pounders) 10 fi Id pieces, 6 mortars, 4 petards, a 
 large quantity of fcaling ladders, and intrenching 
 tools beyond number. The day before this retreat. 
 Captain Schombcrg of the Diana and Captain 
 r " Deane 
 
1760. Of the War. 127 
 
 Deane of the Lowcftoffc, liad been ordcr'd by 
 Coinmodore Swanton, to attack two frigates, two 
 arm'd fhips, and many Imaller veflcls, which lay 
 above the town. The French fled in the grcatelt 
 confufion j the Pomona frigate was driven on 
 fhore above Cape Diamond -, the Atalanta ran her- 
 felf afhorc, and was burnt at Point au Tremble, 
 about 10 leagues above Quebec -, Mod of the o- 
 ther fhips and veflcls were likcwife driven afhore, 
 or cffeftually deftroy'd. The LoweftofFc, in pur- 
 fuit of thefe frigates, was loft upon fome unknown 
 rocks, but the officers and men were liwed. In 
 confequence of thefe fuccefles, a nation of Indians 
 furrendcr'd themfelves to the Englilh, and cnter'd 
 into an alliance with them. , 
 
 May 24. The French garrifon, of 500 men, 
 under Brigadier Waldener, at Butzbach, were de- 
 feated by Colonel Luckner j four officers and 100 
 private men were made prifoners j the reft were 
 cither cut to pieces, or difpers'd. 
 
 May 29. A company of grenadiers of the regi- 
 ment Dauphine, were made prifoners of war by the 
 Black Huflars of the allies, in a flight Ikirmifh near 
 Fulda. 
 
 June I. Colonel Montgomery and Major Grant 
 deftroy'd Eftato, Sugar-Town, and every village 
 and houfe in the lower Nation of the Cherokees, 
 
 jfun, I. By an account collefted from Lloyd's 
 lifts, it appear'd, that between the firft of June 
 1756^ and the firft of June 1760, the number of 
 Ihips taken by the French amounted to 2539, ^^' 
 eluding 78 privateers : of this number 321 were 
 retaken. During the fame Ipace of time, the num- 
 ber 
 
 
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 Wi\ 
 

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 in ,. 
 
 I 
 
 
 128 Chronological Annals 17661 
 
 bcr of fhips taken by the Englilh amounted to 944^ 
 of which 243 were privateers. 
 
 June — The Ruffian General Tottleben made 
 200 Pruffians prifoners of war near Coflin, and 
 routed two independent battalions. 
 
 \.june — General Wolferfdorf, under the orders 
 of General Laudohn, took poflfeffion of the almoft 
 impregnable lines of Landlhut, and of the fortrefs 
 of that name, which were abandon'd by General 
 Fouquct. * ', ' ' . ' 
 
 June 1 7. General Fouquet repoffefs'd himfelf of 
 Landlhut, and all the neighbouring heights. 
 
 June 17 and 18. General Laudohn with a body 
 of 12000 volunteers, made a general aflault upon 
 the town of Glatz, but was repuls'd by Colonel 
 D*0, who commanded in that fortrefs, with confi- 
 derable lols. ' • 
 
 June — The Pruffians under General Forcade 
 obliged the Ruffian General Tottleben to retire, 
 after a fmart engagement -, but the latter being re- 
 inforced by part of the vanguard of the army de- 
 ftin'd for Pomerania, General Forcade was attack'd 
 in his turn, and defeated^ with the lofs of 500 
 men kill'd, befides prifoners and deferters. . 
 
 June 23. General Laudohn, at the head of near 
 50,000 men, attack'd the Pruffians under General 
 Fouquet, near Landfhutj and drove them from 
 their different pofts, in which they were ftrongly 
 intrench'd : the adlion began at a quarter before' 
 two in the morning ; in lefs than an hour, the 
 Auftrians carried the intrenchments on the emi- 
 nence? 
 
 I '• 
 
1700; Of the War* 129 
 
 nenccs of Buckberg and Dodorfberg ; the line of 
 communication between thofe eminences was after- 
 wards forced ; and the Pruffians, having been fuc- 
 ceflively dillodged from their remaining polls, were 
 at laft obliged to lay down their arms in the field 
 about eight o* clock in the morning, and aflc for 
 quarter. 7800 men (almoft the whole of the Pruf- 
 fian army that furviv'd the engagement) were made 
 prifoners of war, and 49 pieces of ordnance of dif- 
 ferent bores, 9 haubitzers, 24 ammunition wag- 
 gons, 34 pair of colours, 2 ftandards, one pair of 
 Iilver kettle drums, fell into the hands of the con- 
 querors. The Auftrians acknowledged only the lofs 
 of 767 kill'd, 2087 wounded, and 351 miffing. 
 Geneial Laudohn, in his particular detail of this 
 viftory, diftingui(h*d the merit and fervices of his 
 Generals and Officers in fo handfome a manner, 
 that he deferv'd to be as much efteem'd for his 
 modefty, as he had been admir*d for his military 
 abilities. 
 
 June 30. The caftle of Marburg furrender*d to 
 the French, and the garrifon pf near 400 men 
 were made prifoners of war. ' 
 
 July I. Between the 24th of June and the ift of 
 July, Colonel Archibald Montgomery, with a de* 
 tachment of the royal regimfent of foot, the High- 
 land regiment, and a part of the 'South-Carolina 
 provincials, march'd to the town of Etchoey in the 
 middle fettlements of the Cherokee nation, and 
 return'd back again to his canip at Fort Prince 
 George, being, in all, 160 miles : on the 27th of 
 June he engag'd with, and rcpuls'd, the Indians 
 who oppos'd themfelves to his march. The dan- 
 gerous paffages through narrow defiles, and 'gaps 
 of mountains, might have enabled an handful of 
 
 I men 
 
 1 ^ '''.■'. 
 
 '•^' 
 
 ;..' I.. 
 
m . 
 
 ! '. \\ 
 
 8,t: • 
 
 Hii'i i 
 
 ftl 
 
 W'm 
 
 M 
 
 mil 
 
 mm 
 
 1 1 
 
 130 ClIRdNOLOGICAL AnNALS I760, 
 
 men to refift the efforts of a whole army j but in 
 fpight of thefe difficulties. Colonel Montgomery 
 dettroy'd the Cherokee fetJement at Etchoey ( in 
 which he found 500 bufliels of Indian corn) with 
 the lofs only of 20 men kilFd and 77 wounded. 
 
 July 3. A fire broke out in the dockyard at 
 Portfmouth, and deflroy'd the rope-houfe, fpin- 
 ning-houfe, hemp-houfe, and one of the ftore- 
 houles. This accident was fuppos'd to have been 
 the effed of lightning. 
 
 yufy 8. Captain Byron in the Fame, together 
 with the Dorfetfliire, Achilles, Scarborou^^h, and 
 Repulfe, dcfVroy*d, in Chaleurs Bay, the Machaux 
 frigate of 30 guns, two large ftorefhips, nineteen 
 fail of fmaller veffels, two batteries, and two hun- 
 dred houfes. 
 
 July 10. The hereditary Prince of Brunfwick 
 cngag*d a very confiderable body of the French 
 army on the heights of Corbach -, but, after a vi- 
 gorous difpute, was oblig'd to retire in fome coii- 
 f ufion. General Count Kielmanfegge, Major Ge- 
 neral Griffin, and the two battalions of Brudenel 
 and Carr-, greatly diftinguifh'd themfclves in this 
 affair: the hereditary Prince, putting himfelf at the 
 head of a fquadron of plarids (commanded by Ma- 
 jor Mill ) and Howard's Regiment of dragoons, 
 charg*d the enemy fo fiirioufly and cfFcdlually with 
 tjiefe brave troops, that he enabled his infantry to 
 make a fafe retreat ; he received a flight' wound in 
 the fhoulder. Twelve pieces of cannon, four hau- 
 bitzers, and thirty ammunition waggons fell ip'to 
 the hands of the French, whofe lofs in kiil'd and 
 vownded was comput<;d at 706 men. The total 
 
 '----"•■'•■ ■'■- ----^ ■ ■' ••■:-> -y- ' m 
 
 h. 
 
 J>"J' i:^: uyi': 
 
 ;/.u 
 
infwick 
 French 
 :er a vi- 
 ne coii- 
 ijor Gc- 
 ]rudenel 
 
 in this 
 if at the 
 
 by Ma- 
 
 hly with 
 antry to 
 
 [oun4 ii^ 
 >ur hau- 
 iell ipto 
 [U'd ^nd 
 IKc to^*^ 
 
 1760. Op TH£ Wa]^; 131 
 
 iofs of the Allies, in kill'd, wounded and milling, 
 amounted to 824. 
 
 July 1 6. The caftle of Diliingbourg, after an ho- 
 nourable defence, furrender*u to the French •, and 
 the garrifon, confiding of near 250 men, were 
 made prifoners of war. 
 
 July 16. The hereditary Prince of Brunfwick 
 furprizM and defeated a body of the French under 
 Major General Glaubitz, near the village of Erx- 
 dorf at fome diftance from Ziegenhayn. Two bat- 
 talions of Royal Baviere, three of Anhalt, together 
 with the Major General himfelf and the Prince of 
 Anhalt Coethen, were made prifoners of war; five 
 pieces of artillery, one hautbitzer, and all their 
 cms and baggage, were taken. Elliot's regiment 
 of '^ii t-horle under Major Erfkine, behav*d with 
 r( ' :.ible intrepidity. The whole number of pri* 
 foncrs amounted to 177 officers and 2482 private 
 men. The lofs on the part of the Allies, did not 
 ixceed 85 kill'd, 95 wounded, and 6 miffing. 
 
 July 18. The Allies evacuated Paderborii> of 
 which the French took pofleffion. 
 
 July — A French frigate of 28 guns and 180 
 men, bound to Quebec with ftorcs, was loft on the 
 iHand of Flora, and all the men, except about 28^ 
 were drown'd. 
 
 July 22. —Between the fecond and Icvcnth o£ 
 July, the King of Pruffia, having march'd with his 
 army to Koninglbruck) Lichtenberg^ and Marien^ 
 Hern, pafs'd the river Sprehe near Grofs-Dobrau, 
 and occupied the camp at Doberfchutz about half 
 » German mile from Bautzen, making a feint to 
 
 la pulh 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 'V'T ^ 
 
 
 i?^ 
 
v; .1 
 
 ti\ , ,■ ''{<■ 
 
 an 4 
 
 ^lii'i i 
 
 gfJ2 Chronological Annals 176a. 
 
 .piilh forward into Silefia : on receiving intelligence 
 that Marfhal Daim had gain'd two marches uporv 
 him, he ftruck his tents at eight o* clock in the 
 evening of the eighth, repafs'd the Sprehe near 
 Bautzen, and on the 1 3th, fix'd his head-quarters 
 at Grunau, behind the Great-Garden near Drel- 
 den ; as the King approach'd the Elbe, he was 
 join*d by General Hulfen with his corps from Mcii- 
 fen. From the 13th to the 19th, the King befieged 
 Drdden vigoroully y but Marlhal Daun being now 
 arriv'd with his army, and incamp'd within a league 
 of the city, his JViajeily drew off his forces on the 
 •2-2d, and rais'd the iiege. In the night between the 
 2 1 ft and 22d, fixtcen battalions, fent through the 
 town by Marfhal Daun, fallied out upon the Pruf- 
 iians, and, at firft, obtained forae advantage -, but 
 were, in the end, rep uls'd and purfued with lofs. 
 
 • July 26. The old fortrefs of Giatz was taken 
 fword in li^nd, and the new one furrender'd atdif- 
 cretion •, the Auftrians made, themfelves mailers of 
 a confiderable magazine •> their total Jbfs, by their 
 own account, did not exceed four officers and fixry- 
 four- private men kill'd, feven officers and 138 men 
 wounded. . . 
 
 fflll 
 
 m. I' 
 
 
 . ;'i 
 
 MJIM 
 
 H 
 
 I n< 
 
 ^-^y?/fy 3 1... -The .hereditary Prince of Brunfwick, 
 Gbneral SpO(rckeai,and the Marquis of Granby, ar- 
 jack-d and defeated, the referve.of the French army 
 commanded by the Chevalier de Muy^ near War- 
 bourg. The Swifs regiment of Lockmann, was l"c- 
 yendly treated by, the Britifh cavalry, whicli.charg'd 
 the 'tnemy*5, .cavalry and infantry, fevcral times, 
 with fuccefsj notwirii Handing ia. long mairch of near 
 Bye Jmiies uix)n . a < full > trott; . :Befidcs die \ Hritiih 
 cavalry lundcr Gumt-sLl >Moftyn > tke battalion of 
 Maxwell's grenadier^, Coloiiel.Beckwith. with Jiis 
 
 .'. -. brigade 
 
1760. Ofthe War. -' *, 133 
 
 brigade of Englifli grenadiers and Scotch High- 
 landers, and Captain Philips with the artillery, dil- 
 tinguifli'd themfelves by their condu6t and intrepi- 
 dity. Many of the enemy were drown'd in the Dy- 
 mel •, they left near 1 500 men on the field of bat- 
 tle, and ten pieces of cannon ; the -prifoneis ex- 
 ceeded the number of the (lain ^ the French bri- 
 gades of Bourbonnois, La Couronne, Rochfort, 
 and Planta, with the regiment of Rovergue, and 
 Fifcher's corps, were the principal fufferer^ in this 
 engagement. The total lofs of the Britilh forces 
 amounted to 590 men j no return was made pub- 
 lick, of the kill'd, wounded, and mifling, in the 
 other troops of the allied army. 
 
 -■ '•-'■■■ "r ■■' -A. , ^■- '■■^ ' ^^ ■'. . •■ " , '.^ 
 
 Augujl I, The French under Prince Xavier of 
 Saxony, took Munden fword in hand, where they 
 found a magazine; the garrilbn, confiftingof 350 
 men, were made priioners of war. Caflel and Got- 
 tingen furrender'd at the lame time. ;. .,^ .... 
 
 Augujl 4. General Laudphn, after having bom- 
 barded BreQau without efFcd •, retired from that 
 city, on the approach of Prince Henry of PrufTia, 
 
 Augujl 4. General Werner attacked, and defeat- 
 ed, a body of 2000 Auftrians under General Cara- 
 melli, kiird great part of the Arch-Duke Jofeph*s 
 regiment of dragoons, and made 7 officers, with 
 370 private men, prifoners. •.;. ; . . -^ > '■ ■ 
 
 Augujl 9. The garrifon of Fort Loudon, march'd 
 out of that place with their arms and amunition, 
 according to capitulation -, but the next day the 
 treacherous Cherokees, to the number of 700, fur- 
 rounded them, pour'd in voUies of fmall arms, and 
 iliowers of arrows, from every fide, and obliged 
 
 I 3 them 
 
 '■ * '"ill 
 
 Jm 
 
 n. 
 
 \\ 
 
N'-^- 
 
 h' I 
 
 \\h ll; 
 
 r 
 
 it-'':rifNi,f 
 
 'W " 
 
 »!■■ '; 
 
 •^ui; 
 
 m ;i 
 
 lii 
 
 134 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
 them to furrcndcr at difcretion. All the officers, 
 (except Captain Stuart) and between 30 and 40 
 private men were kill'd, many wounded, and the 
 
 reft carried 'n o a mifcrable captivity. 
 
 •i ■ . 
 
 Juguft 10. Major Qener?il Luckner made a 
 prench detachment at Nordheim, confifting of 
 332 men, prifoners of war. The fame day Colonel 
 DonnOp attack*d ^ body of aooo volunteers of the 
 French army, in the wood of S^babourg, fron^ 
 which he diflodgM them with the lofs of hc^r 50Q 
 (nen, and 3 pieces of cannon, which were taken by 
 the Pruflian hulTars. 
 
 Auguft II. The Caftle of Ziegenhayn furren- 
 dtr'd to the French, and the garrifon of 750 men 
 were made prifoners of War. ' ' ' ^ ; • - 
 
 Jug, 15. The King of Pruffia dccamp'd on the 
 3d, from the borders of the Elbe, and having 
 reach*d Lignitz on the loth, he found the Au- 
 (Irians polled in a very advantageous fituation, oc- 
 cupying all the ground between Parchwitz and 
 Colfendau ; Marfhal Daun was in the center. Ge- 
 neral Laudohn on the right, and General Beck on 
 the left. The King march*d in the night of the 
 nth, in hopes of turning the enemy, and reach- 
 ing Javer j in this march, he difcovered ^ new 
 corps of the Auftri^ns under General Lafci, which 
 afterwards joined Marfhal Daun, in fpight of the 
 King's difpofitions to prevent that junftion. On the 
 J 3th, his Majefty return'd to the ca^p at Lignitz, 
 where he heard that Coupt Czernichew had laid a 
 bridge over the Oder at Auras, and was to pafs 
 that river the farne day with 24000 RulTians. Time 
 prefs'd, and the danger grew more formidable 
 every moment. By one judicious movement, the 
 
 King 
 
 ;«! 
 
ijto. 
 
 Otr THE War. 
 
 3S 
 
 King preferved his whole army ; on the 1 4th, he 
 quitted Lignitz, and poffcflcd himfelf of the 
 heights of Plaffendorf ; he receivM intelligence, 
 near two o* clock the next morning, of General 
 Laudohn's march, by Bennowitz, towards thofe 
 heights : the King immediately divided his army 
 into two bodies ; the right remain*d upon the 
 ground, which was weU defended by batteries to 
 prevent the approach of Marflial Daun> while the 
 left fell upon Laudohn*s corps about ^i* ;e o* clock 
 in the morning, and drove it, 6ghting, almoib to 
 the river Katzbach. In this critical aiftion, the 
 Auftrians loft 82 pieces of cannon, 23 pair of co- 
 lours, and 10,000 men. The King of Pruflla's total 
 lofs fell ftiort of 2000. Immediately after the battle, 
 his Majefty pafs*d the defile of Parchwitz, and the 
 next day moved forwards to Neumarck. The Ruf- 
 fians retir*d over the Oder. The Auftrians, in 
 their own account of this action, confefs*d that they 
 had 6043 men kill'd, wounded, and miiling, and 
 68 pieces of cannon taken. 
 
 Jkguft — Anclam '^nd Demmin were evacuated 
 by the Pruffians. 
 
 Juguft 20. Lieutenant General Hulfen defeated 
 the Prince of Deux Fonts and General Haddicke, 
 near Strela. The Prince of Naflau Ufingen Colo- 
 nel of the regin'^ent of Deux Ponts, 39 officers, 
 and 1 2 14 private men were taken prifoners -, up- 
 wards of 2000 Auftrians were killM and wounded 
 in this engagement. The Pruffians took one piece 
 of cannon, two pair of colours, and two ftandards ; 
 their lofs did not exceed 15 officejs and 658 pri- 
 vate men. The enemy made themfelves mafters of 
 one three pounder i and two other broken and dif- 
 i mounted 
 
 I. 
 
 :){.■■■ 
 
 ■x^^l 
 
 I i:: 
 
 m 
 
 «'•! 
 
 
v^ 
 
 I'. / 
 
 I ; IE 
 
 J', 1 
 
 , '; IB 
 
 136 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
 mounted pieces of cannon, were oblig'd to be left 
 behind. , ., ^ 
 
 ^ttguft 25. The French drove the Hanoverians 
 out of Gottingen. 
 
 Auguft 26. The CofTacks under General Tottle- 
 ben, attack'd the Pruflians under General Goltze, 
 cut to pieces a fquadron of the Huflars of Dingel- 
 iladt, and obtain*d other confiderable advantages. 
 
 Jugufi — The Eurus frigate. Captain Bateman, 
 was loft in the river St. Laurence, but the crew 
 were all faved. . ^ . 
 
 Jugufl — Th*; tender, belonging to the Dublin 
 man of war, was loft in the Weft-Indies, with 100 
 chofen men on board, who all perifti'd. 
 
 September — The corps under General Luzin- 
 Iki, took polTefTion of Halle. 
 
 Sept. 4. Lord Howe in the Magnanime, toge- 
 ther with the Prince Frederick and Bedford, at- 
 tack'd and reduced a fort on the Ifle Dumet, gar- 
 rifon'd by a company of 54 men of the regiment 
 of Bourbon j he found, in the fort, nine pieces of 
 cannon of 18 and ^2 pounders, 
 
 Sept. 6. The hereditary Prince, at two o' clock 
 in the morning, furpriz'd the voluntiers of Dau- 
 hine and Clermont in the town of Zierenberg, 
 
 I 
 
 iird and wounded a confiderable number of them, 
 brought off two pieces of cannon, and made 42 
 officers with 300 private men prifoners y among 
 the officers, were M. de Norman Brigadier, who 
 commanded the volunteers of Dauphine and M. de 
 
 Co- 
 
 ll !i 
 
moverians 
 
 1760. „ Of the War. 137 
 
 Comeiras Colonel of thofe of Clermont. The Al- 
 lies loft no more than ten men kill'd and wounded 
 in this affair. General Griffin was wounded in the 
 breaft by the bayonet of one of his own men, ow- 
 ing to an unhappy miftake, occafion'd by his talk- 
 ing in the French language, to a prifoner who re- 
 filled to quit his firelock. The confequeuces of 
 this wound, were felt by the General-^ many months 
 after his return to England. 
 
 Sept. 8. General Amherft having oblig'd M. 
 Pauchet to furrender the poft and fort of Ifle 
 Royal below la Galette, on the 25thofAuguft; 
 and the French having abandoned the Ifle au Noix 
 on the 28 th of that month, upon the approach of 
 a corps of troops under the command of Colonel 
 Haviland ; Montreal capitulated on the eighth of 
 September : the garrifons of that place, Trois Ri- 
 vieres, Jacques Quartieres, the ifland of St. Helen, 
 together with all the troops in the field, agreed to 
 lay down their arms and to be tranfported to Old 
 France at the expence of his Britannick Majefty, 
 and engaged not to fcrve during the prefent war. 
 All magazines of warlike Itores and provifions ; and 
 all charts of the country were to be given up bond 
 fide. The exercife of the Roman Religion was al- 
 lowed. Thus fell Canada. Brigadier General Gage 
 and Sir William Johnfoh commanded under Gene- 
 ral Amherft. It is remarkable, that General Mur- 
 ray with the troops from CJuebec, landed below 
 Montreal on the 7th of September ; and the next 
 day Colonel Haviland, frorii the Ifle au Noix, 
 reached the South Shore, oppofite General Am- 
 herft's camp; uniting, in this manner the whole 
 colledive force of the Englifli, againft Montreal. 
 
 I r:f!l 
 
 I ! 
 
 
 y . 
 
 .\\ ■ --l ■' 
 
 Sept. 
 
138 CHRONOtOeiCAL AnNAIS I760. 
 
 In'! I. ! '/ 
 
 
 in 
 
 mm 
 
 ^Vli 
 
 -: i 
 
 Sept. 12. The Corps under General Beck, was 
 attacked and defeated by the left wing of the Prul- 
 fian army, and purfued by their cavalry almoft as 
 far as Striegau i on this occafion between 7 and 
 800 Pandours were made prifoners of war. 
 
 Sept. 12. The Count dc Stainville defeated a 
 body of 4 or 5000 men of the allied army near 
 Munden upon the River Orcke. Colonel Ferfen, 
 and many of the cavalry, were made prifoners, and 
 8 pieces of cannon taken •, the reft of the troops, 
 under the command of Major Bulow (who had fuc- 
 cccded in his expedition againft Marburg, made 
 fome prifoners, and taken a confiderable booty) k- 
 curcd their retreat under favour of the night, 
 
 Sept. 17. The PrufTian General Neuwied, occu- 
 pied the heights of Gerfdorf, having driven away 
 the Auftrian fquadrons which poflTels'd them ; He 
 afterwards attack*d and repuls'd fome battalions of 
 grenadiers, which march'd againft him, and took 
 300 men prifoners, together with 16 pieces of 
 cannon. 
 
 Sept. 1$. General Werner, by a march of eleven 
 days from Glogau, rais'd the fiege of Colberg. 
 The Ruffians retir'd with the greateft precipita- 
 tion, abandoning tents, cannon, ammunition, bag- 
 gage, forage, and provifions in very great quanti^ 
 ties, to the PrufTians. . ..... 
 
 Sept. ig. Marflial Broglio and Prince Xavier of 
 Saxony, attempted to fiirprize General Waggen- 
 heim in his camp at Lawentzhagen •, but that able- 
 General made good his retreat, notwithftanding 
 his inferiour numbers, with the lofs only of 150. 
 
 men 
 
1760. 
 
 Or THR War. 
 
 M9 
 
 men kill'd, wounded, and prifoncrs, and 4 pieces 
 of cannon. 
 
 :-A 
 
 Stpt. 23. M. de Luckner beat a dttachment of 
 the French cavalry near Norten, and took prifoners 
 one Lieutenant Colonel, fevcral fubalterns, and 
 107 dragoons. ' , 
 
 r'f ■»•.«. ' u 
 
 ,1 ^ 
 
 Sept. — Colonel Belling furpriz'd a body of 
 2000 Swedes in the neighbourhood of Prentzlow, 
 and made 2 officers, 6 Tubalterns, and 250 pri- 
 vate men, prifoners of war. , 
 
 Sept. — The Temple and Griffin, part of the 
 fquadron under the orders of Sir James Douglafs, 
 cut out fevcn veflels from the Grenades, (amongft 
 which was his Majefty's floop Virgin, taken, in 
 April laft, by the French) after filencing the bat- 
 teries which defended thtm ; thefe Ihips, in their 
 paflage from the Grenades to Antigua, fell in with 
 artd took thirteen other Ytflels laden with provi- 
 iions for Martinico. 
 
 Sept. 27. Torgau furrtnder'd to the army of the 
 Empire under the command of the Prince de 
 Deux Fonts, and the Pruffian garrifon of 2400 
 pien were made prifoncrs of war. 
 
 OSlober 2. The army of the Empire, gain'd a 
 confiderable advantage over the corps of Pruf- 
 fians, commanded by General Hulfen, near Wit- 
 tenberg. 
 
 October 3. General Werner attack'd the Swedifli 
 corps under General Ehrenfchwerdt, at or near 
 Pafewalch, made 16 officers and 500 private men 
 prifoners, and took 6 pieces of cannon. 
 
 i 
 
 
 I'm 
 
 »-if 
 
 I'' 
 
 liH 
 
 Jt '! 
 
4jj<' Ii' If. 3i 
 
 I 'h. 
 
 : 
 
 r I 
 
 I 
 
 
 1 
 
 1- 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 140 Chronological Annals 176c. 
 
 October 3. The caftle of Clevcs capitulated to the 
 troops of the hereditary Prince of Brunfwick -, and 
 M. de Barral, with about 500 men, was made 
 prifoner of war. . •, 
 
 05foher 4 and 5. The Pruflian Garrifon eva- 
 cuated Leipfick, and march'd by Halle, to Magde- 
 }3urg. ^ ,. . 
 
 ' OSloher — The Lyme man of war founder'd in 
 the Baltick, and the carpenter, with about 22 men, 
 peri(h*d. 
 
 OSloher 9. The city of Berlin capitulated to Ge- 
 neral Tottleben, and agreed to pay 200,000 crowns 
 the next day, as a gratuity to the troops, and to 
 give letters of exchange for the fum of i ,500,000 
 crowns, demanded by the Ruffians under the title 
 of a contribution. Three incomplete battalions, ji- 
 mounting to 1200 men, were made prilbners of 
 war. Independent of the fums abovemention'd, 
 the damage done to the city, and its neighbour- 
 hood, by this irruption of the enemy, was very 
 co/ifiderable. 
 
 OEloher 1'^, Wittenberg capitulated to the Count 
 de Guafco under the Orders of the Prince de Deux 
 Ponts. Two Battalions of Plotho, and one of 
 Grollman, ,were made prifoners of war. Thirty one 
 pieces of cannon, and a quantity of ampiunition, 
 were found in the place. 
 
 October 1 4.. The corps of Fifcher, detach'd from 
 the French army under the command of the Mar- 
 quis; de Caftries, obliged an advanc'd poft of Ha- 
 noverians to retire from Rhineberg, with the lots 
 of 180 men. 
 
 ■ OMir 
 
i76oi 
 
 Of the Wauu 
 
 141 
 
 
 OUober 16. The hcreiiiriry Prince of Brunfwick 
 attack'd the army of tlic Marquis de Callries, 
 which was confjderably 1 ;pcriour in number to his 
 own, and advantageoul y polled in a wood near 
 the convent of Campcn. The adlion continued 
 with gfeat briflcnefs for four hours ; when the 
 Prince finding it impofTible to force the wood, gave 
 orders for a retreat about nine 0' clock in the morn- 
 ing: this was happily executed, without a bri(k 
 purfuit from the enemy. The Major-Generals Grif- 
 fin and Elliot, and Lieutenant Col( nel Harvey, 
 were wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Pitt, and Lord 
 Downe, were wounded and taken prifoners ; the 
 latter died of his wounds. On the ^.art o'.' the 
 French, Lieutenant-General Segur, Lrigadier-Ge- 
 neral Wangen, feveral officers, and fome hundred 
 private men, were made prifoners ; two pi cc; •; of 
 cannon and one pair of colours, taken. Thj diffi- 
 culty of the ground did not permit more than five 
 French regiments to engage : thefe were the regi- 
 ments of Normandie, Auvergne, la Tour du-Pin, 
 Briqueville. and Alface ; they took from tlie Al- 
 lies one piece of cannon, and fourteen ammunition 
 waggons. Both the Marquis de Caftries and the 
 hereditary Prince were (lightly wounded in the en- 
 gagement. The French own'd the lofs of 841 
 kilT'd and 1795 wounded; the i nr^Jifli acknow- 
 iedg'd no more than 247 kill'd, 925 wounded, and 
 442 prifoners. • .U '". " ' 
 
 ,■.-..*..-,■•..,-• ( ^ . . . , ; , . 
 
 .. - . * I •-»*.-.♦*■•■•*-•■• ■*■ • » . ^ » 
 
 • '-. 
 
 OEioher 18 and 19. The Sirenne Commodore 
 M'Cartie of 32 guns and 280 men, ftruck to the 
 Boreas Captain Uvedale, of 28 guns and 170 
 men^ after an engagement of three hours. — The 
 Valeur Captain Talbot, of 20 guns and 160 merii 
 ftruck to the Lively, the Honourable Captain 
 
 Mait- 
 
 l:.:rl 
 
 m 
 
 \ m 
 
 v:\ 
 
 '?.«.' 
 
 
 I 
 
I'll! 
 
 m 
 
 142 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
 Maitland, of 20 guns, and 160 men, after an 
 adbion of an hour and an half. Both thefe were 
 King's frigates. — The Prince Edward, a mer- 
 chant frigate. Captain Dubois, ot^ guns and i8o 
 men ; and the Fleur de Lis, a ]^ing's frigate. Cap- 
 tain Diguarty, of 32 guns and 190 men, were 
 burnt and deftroy*d by the Hamplhire, Captain 
 Norbury, of 50 guns and 350 men. — All the 
 four frigates were failing from Cape Francois, and 
 were loaded with indigo and fugar. His Majefty's 
 three ihips adled under the orders of Rear-Admi- 
 ral Holmes. ( . - . 
 
 OSiober 25. King George the 2d died fuddenly, 
 between 7 and 8 o* clock in the morning, in the 
 77th year of his age, and the 34th of his reign*, 
 tlie oldeft Prince that ever fat^ upon the Englilh 
 Throne, and the oldeft crown'd Head in Europe, 
 excepting Staniflaus King of Poland Duke of Lor- 
 rain and Barr. 
 
 O^ober 26.. The Conqueror of 74 guns, ran on 
 St. Nicholas's IQand, and was Ipft. 
 
 OSlohir -^ General Hulfen and Prince Eugene 
 of Wirtemberg, made 500 men of the Duke of 
 Wirtembcrg's troops prifoners at Cothen, and ob- 
 liged the Duke himfclf to retire to Leipfic. 
 
 05lober — Wittenberg and Leipfic were reco- 
 ver'd by the Pruffians ; and 400 Pandours fcrving 
 in the army of the Empire, were made prifoners 
 ofwjjir. 
 
 . Navmbir 2, The Frufllans attack'd lOOQ Horfc 
 under Gf ner^ 3ren|ano netyr |,^^ng-Rekhenback 
 
 ''. ' ■ ■ ' '-. . . -^ • • • *• •. ! • .V .A :. be- 
 
1760. 
 
 ter an 
 ; were 
 L mer- 
 id 180 
 >, Cap- 
 i, were 
 Captain 
 All the 
 lis, and 
 [ajefty's 
 -Admi- 
 
 ddenly, 
 , in the 
 1 reign-, 
 
 Englifli 
 Europe, 
 
 of Lor- 
 
 ran on 
 
 Eugene 
 Duke of 
 and ob- 
 
 re reco- 
 
 Icrving 
 
 ^rifoners 
 
 Horfc 
 
 lenback 
 
 be- 
 
 1760. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 '43 
 
 between Schilda and Torgau, and made 400 Pri- 
 foners. 
 
 Nov. 3. The King of Pruflla, having previoufly 
 taken or difpers*d St. Ignon's regiment of dra- 
 goons, in a wood near Torgau, gave battle at Sip- 
 Utz to the Aultrian grand army under the com- 
 mand of Marfhal Daun. The Marlhal prefented a 
 front defended by 200 pieces of cannon, which 
 play'd brilkly upon the Pruflians ; the vidlory was 
 difputed with obftinacy and bloodfticd from about 
 a quarter after two in the afternoon, till near eight 
 in the evening j during which time, the advantage 
 was, for the moft part, with the Auftrians : but 
 between ten and eleven, the Pruffians, under Ge- 
 neral Ziethen, made an attempt to poflefs them- 
 felves of the little eminences of Siplitz, which en- 
 tirely commanded the army of the enemy ; in this 
 they fuccecded, and fortified the ground in fuch a 
 manner, as to prevent every effort of the Auftrians 
 to didodge them. Under thefe circumftances the 
 latter were obliged to abandon the field of battle at 
 day- break, and leave Torgau to the Pruflians, 
 who entcr'd that fortrefs early in the morning. 
 The King of Pruffia receiv'd a flight contufion on 
 the breaft by a mulket-lhot in the engagement ; 
 Marlhal Daun was wounded, and forced to be car- 
 ried off the field of battle \ ^nd to leave the com- 
 mand of the army to General O Donnel 
 
 'The 
 
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 ■i . 
 
 
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 IK 
 
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 II Ji||-'f.# 
 
 144 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
 The Auftrian account of the lofs on both fides in the 
 a£iion near Torgau. 
 
 '.ujtrtam. 
 
 Kiird 
 
 wounded 
 
 Generals 
 
 Inferiour Officers and pri- 
 vate men 
 — Generals 
 Officers 
 
 Inferiour Officers and pri- 
 vate men 
 prifoners and,g^„^^^,^ 
 milling — J 
 
 Officer 
 .: ; Inferiour Officers and pri- 
 vate men 
 ^y pieces of cannon taken by the Pruffians. 
 
 2 
 
 1541 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 3^49 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 5619 
 
 ,. • , ., Prujfians. ' ■^' 
 
 (exclufive of the kill'd and wounded.) 
 
 Prifoners. Generals 2 
 
 - ,/;/.. Colonels — 2 
 
 ':■ ' : :.' . !^ Officers ' ' 9S 
 
 '^ '• private men near * 4000 
 
 39 colours . •^ 
 
 2 ftandards f , , 
 
 taken ^ 8 pieces of cannon (which > * n. • 
 
 ri J 1 r. u L- jf Auftrians. 
 were afterwards lett behind v 
 
 in the retreat) ,■' 
 
 ns 
 
iy6o. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 Hi 
 
 7'be Prujftm account of the lofs on both Jides in tht 
 
 fame action. 
 
 KxWd — 
 wounded 
 prifoners' 
 
 Pruffians* 
 
 Generals 
 many Officers 
 priy^te ipe.n 
 
 2500 
 
 4900 
 
 1500 
 
 Auflrians. 
 
 (exclufive of the kiird and wounded.) 
 
 Prifoners • Generals '. 4 
 
 Officers 212 
 
 private men ; up- 
 wards of 8000 
 taken by the Pruilians — 50 pieces of cannon. 
 
 From thefe different accounts it may be con- 
 cluded with too much probability, that the total 
 lofs on both fides, in this very deltructive battle 
 did not fall fhort of thirty thoufand men. 
 
 Nov, 19. The FruITians took pofTeiTion of Land- 
 Ihut, which the Au/lrians had previoufly aban* 
 don'd. , 
 
 
 Nov. — The Epreuve, a French frigate of 200 
 tons, 14 guns, and 136 men, was taken by the 
 Niger. ,- . 
 
 Nov. 29. Major General Breidenbach, at the 
 head of two Hanoverian regiments, the Brunf' 
 
 K wick 
 
 
 
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 146 Chronological Annals 1760, 
 
 wick guards, and a detachment of cavalry, at- 
 tack'd the poft of Heidcmunden upon the Werra, 
 and carried the town -, but not being able to make 
 himfelf mafter of an intrenchment which cover'd 
 the paffage of the river, he retired at midnight. af. 
 ter the lofs of 161 men, officers included. 
 
 Nov. ij. M. de Luckner, having in vain can- 
 nonaded ad attack*d the caftle of Arnftein, de- 
 fended y M. de Vertuil, was obliged to retire 
 with his corps towards Friedland. 
 
 Bee, 16. A large magazine of hay and ftraw at 
 Prague was accidentally fet on fire, and intirely 
 confum'd. This magazine was intended to have 
 fupplied the Auftrian army, for the greateft part of 
 the winter. 
 
 ■■'.'''■'if,- i mi 
 
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 Dec. 21. The cargo of the Prince Edward mer- 
 chant-lhip, from Leghorn, taken by the French, 
 was fold at Toulon •, the utmoft value of fliip and 
 cargo together could not amount to more than 
 5000 pounds flerling, though the French accounts 
 pompoufly rais'd it to 568,750 pounds. 
 
 Dec. 23. Count Broglio with 10,000 men, at- 
 tempted to furround a body of between three and 
 four thoufand of the Allies under M. de Luckner, 
 in the town of Heilingeftadt ; but the road lead- 
 ing to Witzenhaufen not being invefted, the Ha- 
 noverian General made his retreat, by that village, 
 to ScharfFenftein -, in this affair, the French loft 
 300 men ; the Allies had only fome few men 
 wounded, and not a fingle horfe kiird or taken, 
 The French troops of the right, mifU;d their way, 
 and did not come in time to their point of attack, 
 
 which 
 
iy6o. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 H7 
 
 which occafion'd the mifcarriage of this well-con- 
 certed Dcfign. 
 
 Supplies granted ly Parliament for the fervice of the 
 
 year 1760. 
 
 Fifteen millions, five hundred three thoufand, 
 five hundred fixty four pounds, fifteen fhillings, 
 and nine pence half-penny. 
 
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 152 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
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 154 Chronological Annals 1760, 
 
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 156 Chronological Annals 17^0. 
 
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 158 Chronological Annals 1760. 
 
 
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CHRONOLOGICAL ANNALS 
 
 OFT HE 
 
 
 t 
 
 WAR. 
 
 PART THE SECOND, 
 
 I" > 
 
 m: 
 
 ?l ''i 
 
 yii 
 
'1 ., ■» 
 
 
 1 
 
 1' * 
 
 
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 II 
 
 1 , 
 
 ii^iMiiii 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 :„ 
 
 -I ■; 
 
 ^ ill 
 
 TH E extraordinary and unexpeded 
 Turn of political Affairs lince the 
 Clofe of the Year 1760, makes it 
 neceffary to prefix a (hort Preface 
 to this fecond Part. A Congrefs having been 
 appointed, with the Confent of all the Powers 
 concerned, to be held at Augjburg, for termi- 
 nating the War in Germany^ and for re-efta- 
 blifhing a General Peace ; Great Britain and 
 France agreed to difcufs their particular Inte- 
 refts in a diftindt and feparate Negotiation. 
 The Duke de ChoiJeuV% Letter to Mr. Fitty 
 and the French King's Memorial, both of the 
 26th oi ^darch ij(>\, carried all the Appear^ 
 ance of Candor and Sincerity. A Counter- 
 Letter and Memorial were returned, on the 
 Part of Great Britain, upon the 8th of April. 
 In the latter End of May, M. Bujfy arriv'd at 
 London, and Mr. Stanley at Marly, with ple- 
 nipotentiary Powers Irom their refpedtive 
 Courts. In the Courfe of the Negotiation, 
 the Difficulties feem'd to be reduced to three 
 Points. Firft, A Recompence for the Cap- 
 tures made upon the French Merchants be- 
 fore the Declaration of War -, 2dly, The Re- 
 ftitution of IVeJ'el and Gueldres, with the Ter- 
 
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 162 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 ritories dependant on them, to the King of 
 PruJJia ; and 3dly, The withdrawing all Af- 
 fiftance in Men or Subfidics, mutually and 
 Av2a Fidey from their Allies in Germany, 
 The firfl was ftrongly infifled upon by France, 
 and as peremptorily refufed by England-, the 
 fecond was demanded by Englandj and re- 
 jected by Fra?2ce ; for the third, it was no 
 eafy Matter to find a Temperament, which 
 would equally fatisfy both Parties. By the 
 other Articles, it was propos'd, on one Side 
 or the other, — That England lliould retain 
 all Canada according to its moft cxtenlive Li- 
 mits, including the Courfe of the Ohio, — 
 That Lines fhould be traced out, marking 
 the Nations to be accounted neutral and in- 
 dependent, between Canada^ Carolina, and 
 houifiana, — That the French fhould exercife 
 the Right of fi(hing and of drying Fifh on 
 the Coaft and Banks of Newfoundland, agrea- 
 bly to the 13 th Article of the Treaty of 
 Utrecht i and that the Ifles of St, Pierre and 
 Michelony without any Fortification or mili- 
 tary Eflablifliment, fhould be ceded to her 
 for the Ufes of her Filhery. — That the 
 Works added to the Port of Dunkirk, fince 
 the Commencement of the War, fhould be 
 effedtf) lly demoliih'd. — That there fhould be 
 an equal Partition ^f TabagOt St. Lucie, Do- 
 minica, and St. Vincent, commonly called the 
 Neutral IJlands. — That Senegal and Goret 
 fhould be guarantied to Great Britain; in 
 Return for which the Settlements of Anatna- 
 
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 INTRODUCTION. 163 
 
 boo and Akra on the Coaft of Africa fhould 
 be guarantied to France, — Tiiat the French 
 and Engfip? Fafi-India Company (hould en- 
 ter upon an immediate Treaty concerning 
 their mutual Differences, to be adjufted and 
 concluded at the fame time with the Treaty 
 between the two Nations. — That Minorca 
 ihould be reftored to Great Britain, with all 
 the Artillery &c. found in Fort St, Philip at 
 the time of its Surrender. — That Bellijle, 
 Guadalupe^ and Marigalante, fhould be given 
 up in like Manner to France* — That the 
 Landgraviate of Hejfcy County of Hanau, and 
 Town of Gottingen, fhould be evacuated and 
 reftored to their reipedive Sovereigns. — That 
 the French King fliould declare he never had 
 any Intention of keeping PofTefliou of Nieu- 
 fort and OJlend after the Conclufion of a Ge- 
 neral Peace. — But the determin'd Firmnefs 
 maintain'd on each Side, in Reference to the 
 three difficult Articles already fpecified, ren- 
 dered all the refl ineffectual. The Negotia- 
 tion was finally broke off towards the Clofe 
 of September 1761, and the two Miniflers re- 
 turn'd to their refpedtive Courts. Some time 
 afterwards the French Miniflry publifli'd their 
 hiflorical Memorial of this Negotiation, which 
 may be confider'd as an Appeal to their own 
 People, and to Europe, againft the Court of 
 London, A fimilar Step was taken by France 
 in 1709. By the 37th Article of the famous 
 Preliminaries, debated at the Hague in that 
 Year, Lewis the XIV" vvas required to aflifl 
 
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 164 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the Allies in compelling the Spaniards to 
 abandon King Philtp, and to come under the 
 Obedience of King Charles ', M. de Torcy a- 
 grced to this Article, but the King refufed to 
 ratify it ; He faid ** If he muft make War, 
 " he had rather make it upon his Enemies, 
 " than upon his Children ;" and he then ad- 
 drefs'd, for the firft Time, a circular Letter 
 to his Subjeds, calculated to excite their Re- 
 fentment, their Honour, and even their Com- 
 panion itfelf ; This Letter wrought powerful- 
 ly upon the French Nation. The Politicians 
 of thofe Days thought^ that M, de Torcy% 
 humiliating Journey to the Hague was made 
 only with a Defign to expofe the Haughti- 
 nefs of the Allies in rejcdling the Conceffions 
 of France^ and to animate his languifhing 
 Countrymen with new Zeal in the Profecu- 
 tion oi the War. Voltaire, in his Age of 
 Lewis the XIV, is of the contrary Opinion j 
 and afTerts that Peace was the fingle Objcdl 
 of M. de Torcys Views. The fame Variety 
 of Sentiment feems to have taken Place in 
 Regard to the late Negotiation : Some have 
 concluded that all the Conceilions on the Part 
 of France, were Nothing but a pretended 
 Difplay of Moderation to conciliate the Af- 
 fedions of Etiropet whilft a Demand was 
 ftrenuoully infifled upon, which no vidtorious 
 People could fubmit to with Honour ; fuch 
 was the tenth Article of the Ultimatum of 
 France relative to the Captures made before 
 the Declaration of War, to which if the 
 
 Court 
 
INTRODUCTION. 165 
 
 Court of London had confented, it had avow- 
 ed national Perfidy and Violence before all 
 Europe, Others notwithflanding were per- 
 fuaded, that the French Offers were perfect- 
 ly fincere, and ditStated by public Diftrefs. 
 Be this as it will ; the Fads which I now 
 proceed to mention lead me to think, that 
 a Peace at that particular Period would have 
 been unfortunate, if not deflrudtive, to Great 
 Britain-, and would have reflor'd to France 
 at leafl 20,000 Sailors, to have been employ- 
 ed in a new ^"ar, in which She might have 
 almoft inflantly engaged herfelf as the Ally of 
 Spain. In the fifth Article of the French 
 Memorial, dated the 15th of July 1761, 
 there are thefe Words " England fliall enter 
 " into PofTeiTion, as Sovereign over the Illand 
 *' of ^abago, in the fame Manner as France 
 " over that of St. Lucie, faving at all Times 
 ** the Right of a third Perfon, witk whom 
 " the two Crowns will explain themfelves, if 
 " fuch a Right exifts." This was the prepa- 
 ratory Step to an Introdudion of the Spanifi 
 Demands into the Negotiation, which were 
 fully open'd in the private Memorial of France 
 of the fame Date, and were reduced to thefe 
 three Articles ; Firfl:, The Reftitution of fome 
 Captures made upon the Spanifi Flag, adly. 
 The Privilege of fifhing on the Banks of 
 Newfound/and* 3dly, The Demolition of the 
 Engli/h Settlements in the Bay c Honduras, 
 M. Bujjf reprefented to Mr. Pitt, that it 
 would be very dangerous to determine the 
 
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 Fate of the neutral Iflands, without attend- 
 ing to the Claims of Spain, with which the 
 Catholic King had recently acquainted the 
 Court of Verjailles, but which nnight be cafi- 
 ly relinquifhed, if the other three Articles 
 were adjufted to the Satisfadion oi that Mo- 
 narch. This blending of the Concerns of 
 Spain with the feparate Treaty between Great 
 Britain and France, though furprizing at that 
 time to the Court of London, was afterwards 
 clear'd up j when it appear'd, that the Courts 
 cf Verfailles and Madrid had, even then, been 
 negotiating a Family Compadt, in full Con- 
 tradid:ion to the Spirit of the Treaty of 
 Utrecht, and in exprefs Violation of the Rights 
 of Commerce which Great Britain ought to 
 enjoy. This famous Compadl was ligned at 
 Verfailles on the 15th of Augnji, and ratified 
 on the 8th of September, twelve Days before 
 Mr,, Stanley broke off the Negotiation with 
 t}\Q Duke de ChoifeuL By It, the whole 
 Ho jfe of Bourbon was to ad: as one Man ; a 
 perpetual League, offenfive and defenfive was 
 el^ablifh'd againft all the World ; a recipro- 
 cal Naturalization was to take Place between 
 the Kingdoms of France, Spain, and the two 
 Sicilies 5 all the commercial Nations were to 
 be informed, that they were no longer to ex- 
 ped: the fame Privileges in Trade v/hich they 
 formerly polTefs'd, but which were now con- 
 ferred exclinlvely upon the Subjedls of the 
 three contracting Powers ; No Prince, who 
 did not defccnd in the Male Line from the 
 
 Auguft 
 
INTRODUCTION. 167 
 
 Auguft Houfe of BourSon, was ever to be ad- 
 mitted into this Family Compadt; the mu- 
 tual Guaranty of the Dominions of France 
 and Spain was agreed to ; with a Declaration, 
 that it extended only to thofe Dominions, of 
 which France fhould be in adtual Poffeflion 
 at the General Peace. It is fufhciently evi- 
 dent from the whole Tenor of this Compadl, 
 that any Treaty between Greai Britain and 
 France, made at that Jun "^ e, mud have 
 been ddufive, if not mon \ ; unlefs the 
 
 Dignity and Interefts of th ner had been 
 
 tamely facrificed to the Demands of Spain. 
 On the 1 8 th of September, Lord I'emple and 
 Mr. Pittt deliver'd their Advice in Writing 
 to his Majelly relative to the Condudl of 
 Spain and the Meafures to be purfued in 
 Confequence of it ; that Advice, being not 
 conformable to the Sentiments of the reft of 
 his Majefty's Servants, was rejeded ; upon 
 which, they refign'd their refpe&ive Employ- 
 ments. Previoully to this Refignation, Mr. 
 Pitty in his Letter of the 28th of Juiy^ had 
 diredted Lord BriJloU in the King's Name, 
 to demand of Mr. Wall a full and explicite 
 Explanation of the Tendency of the Spanifi 
 Armaments, and of the Views of that Court 
 in Relation to Great Britain, Mr. Wall ac- 
 quainted Lord Bi'ijicly that France had made 
 a voluntary Offer of aflifting Spain with all 
 her Force, in Cafe of a future Rupture be- 
 tween the Courts of London and Madrid-, 
 and that the King his Mailer had received fo 
 
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 168 introduction; 
 
 friendly an Offer with Cordiality; but that 
 Spain was not looking out for an Occafion of 
 quarrelling with Great Britain in the Time 
 of her greateft Glory and Power ; on the 
 contrary. She was defirous of cementing a 
 mutual Friendfhip. Lord Brijiol wrote, in 
 his Letter of the 28th of September, that he 
 was prefs'd by Mr. Wall, to give the ftrong- 
 eft Affurances at home, of their Readinefs to 
 adjuft their Differences with Us, if We would 
 only abandon our recent Settlements on the 
 Coaft of Honduras, to fave the Spanijh Pun- 
 tondor, or Point of Honour. Lord Egremont, 
 in two Letters of the 28 th of Odlober gave 
 Diredions, by the King's Order, to Lord 
 Bri/iol, to demand a Communication of the 
 Treaty of Verfailles, or, at leafl, of thofe Ar- 
 ticles of it, which had any immeditate or dif- 
 tant Reference to the Interefts of Great Bri" 
 tain ', and to couch that Demand in the mofl 
 polite and friendly Terms, not fo much ur- 
 ging his Arguments, as infinuating them. Be- 
 fore the Receipt of thefe. Lord Brijiol in- 
 form'd Lord Egremont, in his Letter of the 
 2d of November, of a great Alteration in Mr. 
 Wall's Style and Sentiments ; who faid. We 
 were intoxicated with our Succeifes, and had 
 therefore refafed the reafonable Conceflions 
 offered Us by France', that We intended in 
 the firft Place to ruin the French, and then to 
 crufh the Spanifi Power ; that he would be 
 the firft to advife his Mafter not to let his 
 Subjeds fall without Arms in their Hands; 
 
 that 
 
INTRODUCTION. 169 
 
 that it was high time for Spain to open her 
 Eyes, and not to fufFer a Neighbour, an Ally, 
 a Parent, and a Friend, to receive rigid Laws 
 from an infulting Conqueror; that the Court 
 of Verfailles had communicated to that of 
 Madrid, pundlually and minutely, every Step 
 taken at Paris and London during the Nego- 
 tiation for Peace -, and that his Catholic Ma- 
 jefty had judg'd it expedient to renew his Fa- 
 mily Compass with the moft Chriftian King. 
 This animated Difcourfe was occafioned by 
 the Advice which Spain had receiv'd of Mr. 
 P///*s Refignation, and of the Motives which 
 produced it. The whole Court was imme- 
 diately in a Ferment, having always conli- 
 der'd themfelves as the aggriev'd Party, and 
 never imagining that the EngUjh would' be 
 the firfl to propofe or begin the War. In 
 Anfwer to this Letter, Lord Brijlol was or- 
 der'd to infift, in the King's Name, on an 
 immediate, clear, precife, and categorical An- 
 fwer from the Spanifi Court to this Queftion, 
 ** What were their Intentions relative to Great 
 ** Britain?" At the fame time his Lordfhip 
 was direded, to avoid all Harlhnefs in the 
 Manner, while he maintain'd a becoming. 
 Firmnefs in the Matter of the Demand ; and 
 to adt, Jortiter in Re, fuaviter in Modo, If 
 he did not receive proper Satisfa<ftion, he was 
 then to come away from Madrid without ta- 
 king Leave. In Obedience to thefe Orders, 
 Lord Brijiol waited upon Mr. Wall, with 
 whom he had a ^ool and candid Conference ; 
 - ::. that 
 
 
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 \yo INTRODUCTION. 
 
 that Minifter himfelf acknowledged the Cau- 
 tion We had ufed, in declining the Attack of 
 thofe French Settlements which had any Con- 
 nedtion with the Territory of Spairiy and a- 
 greed with Lord Brijlol concerning the public 
 Nature of what had pafs'd in the Eritijh 
 Councils on the Change of the Miniftry ; but 
 yet he declar*d that the Copy, which he had 
 already given, of his own Difpatch to the 
 Count de Fuentesy was the only Anfwer he 
 was at Liberty to make to his Lordfhip's En- 
 quiries. In this Copy, Mr. Wall \x(td thefe 
 Words " You know how eafy it would be for 
 ** the King to give a pofitive Anfwer, but his 
 *' own Dignity hinders him from it -, conlider- 
 **ing this Demand as a neceflary Condition 
 *' for entering upon a Negotiation with Spain, 
 ** on Differences which, they own, have fub- 
 ** fifted a long time." Upon the whole, Mr. 
 Wall ftrongly exprefs'd his Wifhes that ibme 
 Temperament might be found out for adjuft- 
 ing their mutual Difputes; and he promis'd 
 to lay before the King, faithfully and minute- 
 ly, the Difpofition and Sentin-'nts of his Bri- 
 tannic Majefty. Two Da. 5 ter Mr. Wall 
 acquainted Lord Brijlol in a fecond Confe- 
 rence, that the King of Spain was fenfible of 
 all the AfTurances of Friendship and Marks of 
 Attention, which had been convey 'd through 
 his Means -, but that his Catholic Majefty did 
 not think it expedient to give any other An- 
 fwer with Regard to the Treaty, than that 
 which had been communicated in the Dif- 
 patch 
 
INTRODUCTION, iji 
 
 patch of the Count de Fuentes : Lord Brijiol 
 then found himfelf obliged, to apply, in Form, 
 for that full categorical Anfwer, which the 
 Court of London had order'd him to demand 5 
 and he prefs'd Mr. JVally with Addrefs and 
 Energy, to go in Perfon to his Catholic Ma- 
 jefty, and to enlarge upon all thofe Argu- 
 ments in Favour of his Demand, which he 
 had employed with him in their feveral Con- 
 ferences. On the tenth o^ December, Mr. Wall 
 inform'd Lord Brijhl by I»etter, that lince he 
 had demanded in Writing a politive and ca- 
 tegorical Anfwer to this Queftion " If Spain 
 " thought of joining herfelf with ^France a- 
 "againfl FnglandT* and had declar'd at the 
 fame time that he fhould look upon the Rc- 
 fufal as a Declaration of War, and, in Con- 
 fequence, leave the Court of Madrid 'y he 
 was therefore to acquaint him, that the Spirit 
 of Haughtinefs and of Difcord which had 
 diftated that inconfiderate Step, and which, 
 for the Misfortune of Mankind, ftill reign'd 
 fo much in the Britijli Government, was 
 what made, in the fame Inftant, the Decla- 
 ration of War, and attack'd the King's Dig- 
 nity; that he might retire when, and how, 
 it was convenient to him, which was the on- 
 ly Anfwer his Majefty had order'd him to 
 give. A Copy of this Letter was receiv'd in 
 London on the 24th of December \ the next 
 Day, the Count de Fuentes deliver'd his Me- 
 morial to Lord Egrcmont ; in which, Mr. 
 ff^ifU's Words were recited, the Condudt of 
 
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 172 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the Minifter Pitt was arraign'd, who (it was 
 falfly and indecently faid) ftill appcar'd to hold 
 the Reins of Government by another Hand, 
 and a Declaration was made in the Name, 
 and by the exprefs Order of the King of 
 Spain, that the Treaty in Queflion contain'd 
 Nothing in it which had the leaft Relation ' 
 to the prefent War. Thus the ever-memo- 
 rable Puntondor of the Spanijh Court, preci- 
 pitated the two Nations into the Calamities 
 of a War, the Events of which will be found 
 in the following Colledlion. Lord Egremont 
 anfwer'd the Count de Fuentes on the 31ft of 
 December, with the Spirit that became a Mi- 
 nifter of a beloved Monarch, whofe Honour 
 had been infulted by the Terms of that Me- 
 morial, and with the Moderation due to the 
 Character of 'great Sovereigns. In Regard to 
 the public Declaration of his Catholic Ma- 
 jefty, made when it could no longer be of 
 \lit to either People, his Lordfhip juftly ob- 
 ferv'd, that the Terms in which the Decla- 
 ration was conceived, fpared the Britip Na- 
 tion the Regret of not having receiv'd it 
 fooner ; for the Demand was, "If the Court 
 ** of Spain intended to join the French our 
 " Enemies — to make War on Great Britain 
 *( — or to depart from their Neutrality?'* 
 But the Anfwer related only to one Treaty of 
 the 15th of Augufiy without explaining, in 
 any Manner, the Intention of Spain tow 2irds 
 Great Britain, or the further Engagements 
 She might have contracfted in fuch a Crifis, 
 
 On 
 
INTRODUCTION. 173 
 
 On the 2d of 'January 1762, the King in 
 Council figncd a Declaration of War againft 
 Spain, 
 
 ' It may not be improper to remark in thiis 
 Place, that the War between the Emprefs 
 Queen and the King of PruJJia commenced, 
 on the former's evading an Explanation of 
 the Tendency of her military Preparations, 
 and refufing to give an AfTurance to the lat- 
 ter, that he fhould not be attack'd by her, 
 during the then prefent (1756) or in the 
 Courfe of the fucceeding Year. The Court 
 of Berlin made three Applications to that of 
 Vienna, for obtaining this Explanation and 
 AfTurance ; To the firft, it was anfwer'd, that 
 confidering the violent general Crifis in which 
 Europe was at that time, the Emprefs Queen's 
 Duty, and the Dignity of her Crown, re- 
 quir'd her to take fufficient Meafures for her 
 own Security, as well as for the Safety of her 
 Friends and Allies j On the fecond, the Court 
 of Vienna eluded the Demand, denying only 
 the Exiftence of a fuppofed Concert again it 
 the King of Prujia ; But when the third Ap- 
 plication was made, the Emprefs Queen flat- 
 ly refufed any further Explanation. 
 
 <■-•'■ T' 
 
 Among the feveral Evils which the prefent 
 War has brought upon Mankind, t/jis pro- 
 bably may be reckon*d of the moft lafting 
 Confequencc, that the Law of Nations has 
 been publickly invaded with a violent and 
 
 wanton 
 
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 174 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 wanton Cruelty : Many learned Men have 
 compos'd large Treatifes upon this Law, in 
 Hopes of circumfcribing the interefted Ambi- 
 tion of Princes within thofe Limits of gene- 
 ral Equity, which even they themfelves would 
 be afliam'd to pafs, in a Matter of particular 
 Right. But cool Precepts of moral Honefty, 
 feldom find Admiflion into the Cabinets of 
 Princes. An abfurd and an infamous Diftin- 
 dtion feems long to have taken Place, be- 
 tween the Morality of the Governors and the 
 Governed : The very fame Condudt which 
 would fix an indelible Stain of Infamy upon 
 the latter, too often refledls a Luftre upon 
 the former, that dazzles a vulgar Eye. To 
 this State-Cafuiflry we are greatly indebted 
 for all political Injuftice ; of which there ne- 
 ver was a more flagrant and outrageous In- 
 flance, than in the Behaviour of the King of 
 Spaijt to his Portugueze Majefty. All the 
 Arguments advanc'd in the Spanifi Memo- 
 rials to palliate the Invafion of Portugal are 
 a daring Infult upon Common-Senfe, and be- 
 tray a Weaknefs of Judgment, almoft equal 
 to the Iniquity of the Meafure which they 
 were intended to fupport. Inftead of con- 
 futing what fo efFedually confutes itfelf, I 
 fhall now only lay before the Reader a com- 
 pendious Account of the Claims which his 
 Catholic Majefty may perhaps mak^ upon his 
 Brother in Law, and of the principal Events 
 which happened in the celebrated War be- 
 tween the two Nations, on the Duke of Bra^ 
 
 gan^as 
 
 •ft I 
 
INTRODUCTION, ly; 
 
 ganfas afcending the Throne of Portugal un- 
 der the Name of Don John the fourth. Don 
 Henry t Cardinal- Archbifhop of Evora, came 
 to the Crown upon the Death of the unfor- 
 tunate Don Sebajiian, and reign'd a Year and 
 an half : He was the lad of the Royal Blood 
 of Portugal in the male Line. The Title to 
 the Succeflion lay between the IfTue of Mary 
 and Catherine, Daughters of Prince Ed- 
 ward the Son of King Emanuel, and be- 
 tween Philip the 2d of Spain, Son of the 
 Princefs Isabella the Daughter of that King* 
 Mary was married to the Duke of Parma^ 
 from whom the prefent King of Spain is ma- 
 ternally defcended; but the General AfTem- 
 bly of the States of Portugal pafs'd a famous 
 Law at LamegOi in 11 39, by which it was 
 enadted, that the eldeft Daughter of the King, 
 in Cafe of Failure of Iflue Male, fhould have 
 the Right of Succeflion in her, if fhe mar- 
 ried a Portugueze Nobleman 5 but if (he 
 married a Prince or Nobleman of any foreign 
 Natipn, (he ihould then forfeit all that Right, 
 The Reafon of this Limitation is thus ex- 
 plained: "Because our People fhall not be 
 " obliged to obey a King who is not a Por^ 
 " tugueze by Birth ; fince they were our own 
 " Subjects and Countrymen who gave Us a 
 "King, without any foreign Affiftance, by 
 "their own Valour, and at the Expencc of 
 " their Blood." This is a fundamental Law 
 of Portugal^ and Philip the 2d admitted the 
 Validity of it, when he himfelf iniifled that 
 
 a Spani' 
 
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 176 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 a Spaniard was no Foreigner. Catherine, 
 . the younger Sifter of Mary^ became the Wife 
 of the Duke of Braganfa, from whom the 
 prefent King of Portugal is lineally defcend* 
 ed. Such was the State of the feveral Claims. 
 Whoever had the faircft Pretenfions, PMip 
 had indifputably the greateft Power. His 
 Wealth ; His eftablifh'd Charader for politi- 
 cal Abilities; and, above all, his Situation; 
 enabled him to take FofTeflion of Portugal in 
 the Clofe of 1580; and that Kingdom re- 
 mained in his Family till 1640, when the 
 Tyranny of the Spaniards, and the Spirit of 
 the Portugueze, rais'd the Duke of Braganfa 
 to the Throne. The Battle of Montijo in 
 1644; that of St, Miguel in 1658 5 the vi- 
 gorous Attack made upon the Spanijh Lines 
 before Elvas by the Marquis of Marialva in 
 1 659 ; all thefe, were Proofs of the Reiblu- 
 tion and Fortune, with which the Portu- 
 gueze Troops afted, in the Affertion of their 
 recover'd Freedom. The Spaniards, exhauft- 
 ed by the Succefs of France, having ended 
 their War with that Nation by the Peace of 
 the Pirennes, were left at Liberty to bring 
 their whole Force againft Portugal, The 
 Adlions of Canal and of Amexial in 1663, 
 were ftill favourable to the Portugueze y but 
 General Schomberg (afterwards Count of Mer' 
 tola in Portugal, Marfhal of France, Duke 
 Schomberg in England, and Duke of Leinjier 
 in Ireland) was the Perfon who put a Pe- 
 riod to the flattering Expedlations of Spain, 
 
 He 
 
INTRODUCTION. 177 
 
 He came, with 4000 French Troops, into 
 Portugal I which were hir'd in the Name of 
 that King, and paid, in Reality, by the King 
 of France. With this choice Body of expe- 
 rienc'd Soldiers, he join'd, in 1665, the Por^ 
 tugueze Forces under the Marquis of Mari^ 
 aha, gain'd a complete Victory, at Monies 
 Clares, over the SpaniJJj Army commanded 
 by the Marquis of Carracena^ and iix'd the 
 Th one in the Houfe of Braganga, The 
 Firmnefs, Conftancy, and Zeal of the Portu^ 
 gueze, were cpnfbicuous in the whole Courfc 
 of this War, which lafted 28 Years. The 
 Marquis of Marialva, their fortunate Gene- 
 ral, who was one of the Nobles that pro- 
 claim'd King John, defir'd his Heart might 
 be placed near the Body of that Monarch, 
 where it was accordingly depoiited with this 
 Infcription. 
 
 Hid ub\ Jlrufiadum jacet Injlaurator in 
 Urndy 
 ^./^., Pignus habet pofitum Cor, Marialva, 
 fuum'y 
 XJfque Juum fequitur Regem Marialva fe^ 
 pultus, 
 Ut Vitam credas, non periijj'e Fid em. 
 
 It is eafy to imagine how very difficult a 
 Work it muft prove, notwithftanding almoft 
 any Advantages, to force the Necks of fuch a 
 People into a Yoke which they have once 
 ftiook off; and to bring thofe again into Sub» 
 jedtion, who are equally animated by a De« 
 
 M teftation 
 
 „ h 
 
 
 I 
 
 .'1 1 > I 
 
 tW- 
 
 
 
 '\S ' 
 
 ' (''.I 
 
 :;|!! ■;;'! 
 
 .if 
 
 

 i' <: 
 
 
 
 178 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 teflation of their Enemy, and a Remembrance 
 of their former Glory. 
 
 Another great Event, which happen'd in 
 the Beginning of the Year 1762, occafion'd a 
 remarkable Alteration in the Affairs of Eu- 
 rope, and was attended with ferious Confe- 
 quences. This was the Death of the Em- 
 prefs of Rujia, By a Treaty concluded at St. 
 Peterjhurg, on the 30th of September 1755, 
 She had engaged to maintain 40,000 Foot and 
 15,000 Horfe for the Defence of Hanover, 
 during the Space of four Years, and to take 
 upon herfelf alone the whole Charge of their 
 Subfiftence. In Confideration of thi^ expedl- 
 ed Succour, it was ftipulated, that (he fhould 
 receive 100,000 £ per Annum in Advance whilft 
 her Troops remain'd upon her own Territory ; 
 and 50o,ooOjr per Annum as foon as they 
 fhould be drawn out into adlual Service. At 
 this Time We were afraid of the King of 
 Pruffia : In the Fludluation of political Coun- 
 cils we fliifted our Plan, and en\er'd into a 
 clofe Alliance with that^onarch. Thus the 
 Treaty of .S*^. Peterjburg became a blank Pa- 
 per. But the Emprefs of RuJJia, fixed in her 
 Refolution, invaded the PruJJian Dominions 
 as the Ally of the Emprefs Queen of Hunga- 
 ry, which fhe was not able to invade as the 
 Ally of Great Britain, The Death of this 
 powerful and fortunate Princefs deliver'd 
 the King of Prujjia, who was reduced al- 
 moft to the laft Diftrefs, from a formidable 
 
 and 
 
iibrancc 
 
 )cn*d in 
 ifion'd a 
 
 of £«- 
 
 Confe- 
 
 he Em- 
 
 zd at St, 
 
 1 N T R O O U C T I O N. 179 
 
 and detcrmin'd Enemy. Pefer the third, her 
 Succcflbr, adopted, not only a different, but 
 an oppofite, Syftem. Soon after his Accef- 
 fion, he agreed to a mutual Exchange of Pri- 
 foners without Ranfom, and to a general Suf- 
 penfion of Arms j He offer'd to facrifice his 
 own Conquefts to the Re-eftabli(hment of 
 Peace, and invited all his Allies to follow his 
 Example. By the Accounts which were pub- 
 lifh'd of his early Proceedings, he feem'd, at 
 leaft, to attend to the domeftic Happinefs of 
 his Subjedts ; for he conferr'd upon his No- 
 bility the fame Independence which that Or- 
 der enjoys in the other Monarchies cf Eu- 
 rope i and he lower'd the heavy Duties upon 
 Salt in Favour of the Commonalty. Thus 
 gratifying both the greateft and meaneft of 
 his People, he appear'd to thofe at a Dif- 
 tance . to be ftrengthening himfelf in the 
 Hearts of the Ruffians, and to be ambitious 
 of a Popularity equal to that which had been 
 beftow'd upon any of his PredecefTors. 
 
 This was only the Judgment of Perfons at 
 a Diflance ; thofe who were nearer the Scene 
 were hardly able to perceive any Thing but 
 a blind Precipitation in Affairs of Moment, 
 blended with a Zeal for Trifles. The diver- 
 fified Errors of his Government made it be- 
 lieved, that he was meditating the Defign of 
 fetting afide the Great Duke Paul, in Favour 
 of the depofed Prince Ivan, A Delign of fuch 
 a Nature mul^ have arifen either from ex- 
 
 M 2 treme 
 
 
 ij:' r 
 
 t . 
 
 t ' 
 
 m 
 
i8o INTRODUCTION. 
 
 
 ¥ i 
 
 h;^^ 
 
 V\ 
 
 treme Madnefs, or from fome Family-Sufpi- 
 cion J which it would not become me to in- 
 iinuate. He had hardly made Peace with 
 Pruffia, before he threatened Denmark with 
 a War, on Account of his Pretenlions to Part 
 ,of the Dutchy of Holjiein-Schkfwick in Ger- 
 many, He drove every Thing before him 
 with an extravagant and thoughtlefs Rapidi- 
 ty. Inftead of courting the Affedtions of his 
 Guards, who had made and unmade the Mo- 
 narchs of Rtijia ; Some of thefe he flighted, 
 All, perhaps, he affronted, by taking a ridi- 
 culous Pleafure in the Uniform of his Pruf- 
 Jian Regiment, and by placing an idle Confi- 
 dence in his Holjiein Troops. He was obli- 
 ged to communicate with the Greek Church, 
 yet he infulted the Rites of it ; and diflin- 
 guifh'd the Fail-Days by a large Piece of 
 Beef. He had not the Virtues of the private 
 Man to compenfate for the Defeats of the 
 Prince. His Propenfity to the Northern Vice 
 of Intemperance in Drinking betray'd him 
 into a Difcovery of his ill-concerted Mea- 
 fures 5 whilft an open Difregard of the Em- 
 prefs his Confort confirm'd her Apprehen- 
 iions of Danger, and taught her to confult 
 her own Security. The memorable Event of 
 this fatal Condudl is known to all the World. 
 Among the Confpirators were, the Emprefs, 
 and the Velt Marfhal Rofamowjky Hetman of 
 the Cojfacksy whom the Emperor had, a lit- 
 tle time before, declar'd Colonel of one of 
 the Regiments of Foot Guards. The Em- 
 prefs, 
 
INTRODUCTION. i8i 
 
 prefs, in her famous Manifefto publifh'd after 
 her Hufband's Death, brought a Variety of 
 Accufations againft hinij (he charg'd him 
 with Ingratidude to the Emprefs Elizabeth 
 his Aunt; with Incapacity? an Abufe of 
 Power ', a Contempt of Religion and Law ; 
 a Scheme to remove the Grand-Duke from 
 the Succeflion -, to fettle it in Favour of a 
 Stranger ; and even to put herfelf to Death. 
 
 Thus We have £ten a foverign Prince of 
 Holftein, great Nephew oi Charles the twelfth, 
 Grandfon of Peter the firft, and Heir of thofe 
 rival Monarchs, once elected SucceiTor to the 
 Crown of Sweden, adtually afcending the 
 Throne of RuJ/ta, hurl'd down, after a fhort 
 Reign of fix Months, from all his Greatnefsr 
 by the Intrigues of a Woman and the Re- 
 fentments of a flanding Force, fupported by 
 the Concurrence of an offended Nation -, leav- 
 ing an iniportant LefTon to abfblute Princes, 
 of the Inftability of human Grandeur, and of 
 the certain Danger of an eflablifh'd military 
 Power under a weak and capricious Govern- 
 ment. This very unhappy Monarch died 
 within eight Days after his Depofition. The 
 Sufpicion of the World, warranted by hiflo- 
 rical Examples, has concluded that his Death 
 was violent : Indeed it has been report- 
 ed, that whilfl he was Great Duke, a Mi- 
 nifter of State declared in Words to this Ef- 
 fedl. That Nothing could cure him but a 
 black Dofe : Neverthclefs, I would willingly 
 
 M 3 hope 
 
 ■n 
 
 
 ''■■ IM 
 
 l::!' ■ I 
 
 :•- / v¥r^] 
 
 i ,^ .'■;;■ 
 
 ■■ '.'■{"M^ 
 
 
 ; '■^^fk 
 
 { 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 j'^-''1l 
 
 
 ■■'■il 
 
 L 
 
 k 
 
 lH 
 
i82 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 hope fuch a Sufpicion was ill grounded. A 
 depofed Prince may be hated ; but a mur- 
 der'd one is pitied, and excufed. The Dic- 
 tates of Policy are attended to, when thofe 
 of Humanity are forgot : And furely it is not 
 highly improbable, that Vexation and An- 
 guifh of Mind, preying upon a diforder'd 
 Conftitution, might bring on that Diftemper 
 which carried him to his Grave. 
 
 i 1 I ' 
 
 It does not appear, that the Interefts of 
 the King of Pruffia have greatly fufFer'd by 
 this fudden Revolution. If the Rujians are 
 no longer his Friends, neither are they any 
 longer his Enemies -, and in his critical Situa- 
 tion, the very ceafing to adt againft him, is 
 toadtforhim. 
 
 ■:> 
 
 That the Reader may entertain a clearer 
 Idea of the former Revolutions, and of thofe 
 which may hereafter take Place, in this un- 
 quiet Empire -, I have fubjoirvd a genealogi- 
 cal Table of the royal Family of RuJJia, from 
 1 613 to the prefent Time. 
 
 I r 
 
d. A 
 
 mur- 
 
 ; Dic- 
 
 i thofe 
 ; is not 
 d An- 
 brder'd 
 temper 
 
 refts of 
 "er'd by 
 tans are 
 bey any 
 al Situa- 
 him, is 
 
 clearer 
 of thofe 
 Ithis un- 
 inealogi- 
 
 . from 
 
 * -^ 
 
 amily. 
 
 Vatalia Ktriionvna NariJ^in, 
 his fecond Wife. 
 
 IxiowiTZ the Great. =V. Martha Theifenhau^ 
 • 1682, with his Bro- /en^ a young Li'vonian 
 
 , afterwards fole Em- 
 , jill the Rujftas, 
 
 ^^'^^'bzarowitz, 
 f e-time of 
 
 ^ick Wol- 
 
 Prifoner, taken SitMa- 
 rienhurgt with whom 
 he publickly declared 
 his Marriage in 1 7 1 o. 
 Afterwards Cathe- 
 rine the firft, Em- 
 prefs in 1725. 
 
 VIII. '?• t^e ^«- 
 
 in 1727. 
 
 IX. Elizabeth A Pe- 
 TROWNA Em- 
 
 prefs in 1741. 
 
 Sifter to the Emprefs 
 fie Duke of Holfiein. 
 
 u » 
 
 limperor January 1 762, 
 ^ife, July 9. 1762. He 
 ^ AUxhveina of Anhalt 
 
 I Second, Emprefs in 
 
 I- , 
 
 the Great Duke. 
 
 
 ' •■IIP 
 
 ' '■•'1%' 
 
 at f 
 
 m 
 
 
Pedigree of the Imperial R 
 
 Fo£DOR£ RoMANOw, fumamed P/ 
 Patriarch of Rujjia^ married to ^cher 
 
 -.^- 
 
 Maria llychna Milofianjojkit 
 his firft Wife. 
 
 I. Michael Foedorowitz married i'.Wori 
 He was elefted Czar in an Affembly of 
 Boy an in 1613, and defcended in the 
 from the ancient Czars. 
 
 i ^ 
 
 II. Alexius Michaelowitz, Czar 
 
 1 
 
 ill. FoEDORE Alexiowitz, Czaf 
 in 1676. He died without 
 liTue. And appointed his 
 Brother Peter to fucceed him 
 in the Empire. 
 
 IV. Ivan Alexiowitz, Czar 
 in 1682, and afl'ociated with 
 Pefer in the Government by 
 the Strelitzes, He married 
 Pre/co'via Foedoronuna Soltikof. 
 
 Eudocia Foedo- = l\ 
 rtnvna Lafu- 
 chin his firft 
 Wife. 
 
 Catherine I<wanoivna, married the 
 Duke of Mecklenburg, 
 
 I '*' • — : — » 
 
 Jnne of Mecklenburg, married Prince 
 
 Antony Vlric of Brnnpwick Be- 
 
 vera. 
 
 i ^ » 
 
 VIII. Ivan the fecond. Emperor in 
 
 Oilober 1740, and depos'd 
 
 Dec. 6. 1741. This Prince 
 
 has two Brothers and two 
 
 Sifters. 
 
 VII. Anna Iwanowna, 
 married the Duke 
 of Courland. Em- 
 prefs in 1730. She 
 died without IfTue. 
 
 Jlexis Pe 
 
 who d 
 
 his Fat 
 
 lotta Le 
 
 fenbuttl 
 
 VI. Pbti 
 
 CO 
 
 r 
 
 Anna Pett 
 
 Elizabe 
 
 X. 
 
 XI. 
 
 Pete 
 dep 
 mar 
 
 Zeri 
 Cai 
 
 Pai 
 
the Imperial Rujftan Family. 
 
 loMANOw, furnamed Philaretesy 
 
 ' RuJJia^ married to Scheremetonv. 
 A. 
 
 OR o WIT 2 married Eudocia Strefckneivi 
 I Czar in an Aflembly of the principal 
 |, and defcended in the female Line 
 nt Czars. 
 
 ^ 
 
 rcHAELOwiTz, Czar in 1645. =^ ^<^taUa Kiritcwna }^arijkin, 
 
 I his fecond Wife. 
 """^ i • A ,.. __-_____„_- 
 
 Eudocia Foedo- = IV. Peter Alexiowitz the Great. =V. Martha Theifenhau- 
 
 zar 
 
 'ith ronuna Lapu 
 by chin his firft 
 •ied Wife. 
 kof. 
 
 OWNA, 
 
 Duke 
 Em- 
 >. She 
 Iflue. 
 
 Czar in 1682, with his Bro- 
 ther Lvaiiy afterwards fole Em- 
 ' perorofall the^a^^j. 
 
 Alexis PetroiuitZj the Czarowitz, 
 who died in the Lifetime of 
 his Father. He married Char- 
 lotta Loui/a of Brmfnuick Wol- 
 fenButtle. 
 
 i -—^ ^ 
 
 VL Peter Alexowitz the fe- 
 cond. Emperor in 1727. 
 
 Jeny a young Li'vonian 
 Prifoner, taken atM«- 
 rienhurgy with whom 
 he publickly declared 
 his Marriage in 1710. 
 Afterwards Cathe- 
 rine the firft, Em- 
 prefs in 1725. 
 
 IX. Elizabeth A Pe- 
 trowna Em- 
 prefs in 1741. 
 
 Anna Petro<wnay elder Sifter to the Emprefs 
 Elizabeth, married the Duke of Holjiein. 
 
 X. Peter the Third, Emperor 7««««ry 1762, 
 depofed by his Wife, July 9. 1762. He 
 married Catherine Alextiveim of Anhalt 
 Zerbtz. 
 
 Catherine the Second, Emprefs in 
 July 1762. 
 
 Paul PetroiK-itx, the Great Duke. 
 
 XL 
 
Jal 
 
 !■ 
 
 •1.-..? : 
 
 
 -. l-l 
 
 r..jv; 
 
 ri-; I'n 
 
 I:. 
 
 ^^r)( 
 
 v.;Ah:>^< 
 
 i'^' Rt 
 
 O > ' 
 
 
 .A.< t 
 
 ^tH ■♦ 
 
 •i -^'i 
 
 y^ I 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL ANNALS 
 
 OF THE W A R. 
 PART THE SECOND. 
 
 :.i i 
 
 ill. '1 
 
 'it 
 
 ■li 
 
 } 'M 
 
 I761. 
 
 January 2. ^"^ Eneral Manfberg having been 
 ■ Y attack'd by the Count de Brog- 
 ^^J lio and M. de Stainville in the 
 town of Duderftadt, retir'd to the neighbouring 
 heights, where he maintained himfelf till the next 
 day, when he was aflifted by the Generals Kiel- 
 manfegge and Luckner, who drove the French 
 from the town, and purfued them as far as Wit- 
 zenhaufen. The Allies loft 190 men; and the, 
 French, by their own Accounts', 600 : among 
 whom, three complete companies of grenadiers 
 were made prifoners. 
 
 Jan. 8. A detachment of 150 horfe, and 2 com- 
 panies of grenadiers, under the command of the 
 Vifcount de Belfunce, marched out of Gottingen, 
 attack*d a poft of the Allies near Gibelhaufen, and 
 made about 100 men prifoners, among whom were 
 four officers. 
 
 Jan. 8. The Unicorn of 28 guns, 200 men. 
 Captain Hunt, engaged the Veftal, a French fri- 
 gate of 30 guns (twelve, nine, and fix, pounders) 
 and 220 men, M. Boifbertelot commander. The 
 adion lafted near two hours ; in which both the 
 Captains were mortally wounded. Lieutenant Sy- 
 mons, after his Captain was difabled, fought the 
 ftiip with courage and condud, took the Veftal, 
 
 and 
 
 iMi! 
 
m 
 
 
 184 Chronological Annals 1761. 
 
 and was rewarded with the command of the Mor- 
 tar floop. The Vcftal, had many men kill'd and 
 wounded ; the Unicorn only five kiird ; fix dan- 
 geroufiy, ^nd four more (lightly, wounded. 
 
 Jan. 10. Captain James Smith of the Seahorfe 
 of 20 guns and 1 60 men, fought with the Opalc 
 frigate of 36 guns and 350 men, the Marquis 
 d'Ars commander, at the diftance of 34 leagues 
 S. W. from the Start •, after a warm engagement 
 of an hour and a quarter, in which the fhips were 
 board and board three different times) the enemy 
 left the Seahorfe with great precipitation, upon the 
 approach of the Unicorn. The lofs of the Opale 
 amounted to near 150 kiird and wounded, among 
 the former of whom was the Captain ; that of the 
 Seahorfe confifted in eleven kill'd, and thirty eight 
 wounded, many of the latter very dangeroufly. 
 Captain Smith was afterwards detained at home, to 
 be prefer'd to the command of a larger fhip the 
 firft opportunity. 
 
 Jan, 10. The Venus of 36 guns, 240 men. 
 Captain Harrifon, engaged the Brune, a French 
 frigate of 32 guns and 316 men ♦, for upwards of 
 two hours i when the Juno of 32 guns coming up, 
 and firing a few guns, the Brune ftruck ; having 
 had 19 kiird and 39 wounded. The Captain, firft 
 Lieutenant, and Matter of the Venus, with 15 
 private feamen, were wounded j but four only 
 were kill'd. Two failors were wounded on board 
 the Juno. . 
 
 ya». 13. The Annemame and Sardoine, King's 
 frigates, arm'd for war by the merchants, carry- 
 ing each 14 guns and 130 men, and prime failors, 
 were tjtken by the Mars add Prford. 
 
1761- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 .85 
 
 King's 
 , carry- 
 ; Tailors, 
 
 'Jan.— 
 
 Jan. — Ten thoufand Rufllans under Count 
 Tottlcben, enter'd lower Pomerania, and took pof- 
 feflion of New Stetin and Burwalde. 
 
 Jan. 1 5. The Mogul's Troops, faid to have con- 
 fided of 80,000 men, headed by Shah Zadda, and 
 fupported by a fmall number of French troops un- 
 der M. Law, were totally defeated, near Patna, 
 by Major John Carnack at the Head of 500 Euro- 
 peans, 2500 Seapoys, and 20,000 black Troops, 
 with 12 pieces of cannon. M. Law, and nfioft of 
 the French, were taken prifoners. 
 
 'Jan. 1 5. Pondicherry, the capital of the French 
 fettlements on the coaft of Coromandel, furrender'd 
 at difcretion to Colonel Eyre Coote. An amazing 
 quantity of artillery and amunition was found in 
 the fort, and on the works j among which there 
 were no lefs than 81 ferviceable pieces of brafs, 
 and 436 of iron ordnance. The fum total of the 
 Prifoners (inclufive of the King's troops, compa- 
 ny's troops, and inhabitants) amounted to 2072. 
 All thefe were reduced to the extremity of famine, 
 having devour'd every Animal from an elephant 
 to a moufe. Camels, dogs, and cats, had been 
 for fomc time their common food. Even rats fold 
 for 1 3 pence a piece. Before they furrender'd they 
 ate, by dint of boiling, their leathern jars (cali'd 
 Dame Joan's) ufed ror keeping oil and butter. 
 The joy arifing from this important conqueft, was 
 damp'd by the misfortune which happen'd to our 
 fleet in a ftorm on the firft of this month. The 
 Duke of Aquitaine and the Sunderland of 64 guns 
 each, founder'd j only one man frorti the former, 
 and eight from the latter, were faved. The New- 
 ca£bk of 50 gui¥$, and Queenborough of 20, toge- 
 ther 
 
 i'lli 
 
 i' ': ill' 
 
 I. .V 
 
 HU 
 
 '% 
 
I i 'i I 
 
 i86 Chronological Annals 1761. 
 
 ther with the Proteftor firefhip, were drove on 
 Ihore and loft •, but the people, the ordnance, and 
 great part of the ftores and provifions were pre- 
 I'crv'd. In the preceding Year, the Cumberland of 
 54 guns was loll oflf Goa. During the blockade of 
 Pondicherry, the boats of the fleet, under Captain 
 Newfon of the South- Sea-Caftle, cut out the Bal- 
 Icine a frigate of 36 guns, and the Hcrmione fhip; 
 and the Medway and Newcaftle took, from under 
 the guns of the Danifli Fort at Trincambar, a fhip 
 call'd La Compagnie dps Indes j (he was pierced 
 for 54 guns, and had efcaped out of the harbour 
 of Pondicherry. . •• x,--. . 1 . ifv .1 m:. . 
 
 Jan. 20. The Griffin Indiaman, homeward bound 
 through the ftraights of Sapy, ftruck upon a rock, 
 and was loft ; the crew were faved. \ ;t. 
 
 Jan. 23. Captain Hood in the Minerva of 32 
 guns and 220 men, fought with, and took the 
 Warwick of 34 guns (pierced for 60) M. le Veger 
 de Belair commander, having 295 men on board, 
 74 of whom were foldicrs. She was bound to the 
 Ifle of France and Bourbon, . with provifions, am- 
 munition, aiid ftores, and had 14 men kilPd and 
 32 wounded in the adbion. The Minerva had the 
 fame number kiird, ar\d 34 wounded i three of the 
 latter died foon afterwards. The Minerva liifFer'd 
 alfo confiderably in all her mafts, from the confe- 
 quences of this ftiarp engagement, -rj ^ii - , . ■ 
 
 Jan. 24. The Felicite, a French frigate of 32 
 guns. Captain Donell, bound to Martinico with a 
 cargo worth 30,000 pounds fterling, Wias attacked,, 
 drove on ftiore on the coaft of Holland, and entire-, 
 lydeftroy*d by the Richmond of 32 guns and 220. 
 men, Captain Elphinfton., Tbq French Comrtpuider 
 
 fell 
 
I76I 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 187 
 
 fell in the engagement, and near 100 of his crew 
 were kill'd or wounded. The adion lailcd two 
 hours, when the 'ncmy fl( d from their quarters, 
 left their fhip, and clcapcd. The Hermione, con- 
 fort to the Fclicite of the fame force and value, was 
 loft coming out of Dunkirk. 
 
 *]an. 26. Prince Xavier of Saxony beat up the 
 quarters of the Pruflians at Sonderlhaufen, and 
 carried off part of Wunfch's battalion from Ebel- 
 eben. General Luckner purfued the French in 
 their retreat beyond Langenfaltzen, took one of 
 their magazines at Deifwitz, and made the guard " 
 of two officers and thirty men prifoners of war. 
 
 'Jan. 27. The French, under M. de St. Viftor, 
 furpriz'd the poft of Stadbergen. Major Delaune, 
 who commanded the garrifon compos*d of part of 
 Lane*$ battalion, was kill'd in his chamber. 
 
 Fth. 10. M. Louet furrender'd the fort of 
 Mahc, on the coaft of Malabar, to Mr. Hodges 
 commander at Tellicherry, and to Mr. Munro 
 cornmander of the King's and Company's troops 
 employed in that expedition. ■■•^' ='•••'' 
 
 ,».. 
 
 .i,,'./\/*' '■* -5 
 
 March — The Ajax Eaft-Indiaman, homeward 
 bound, of 750 tons 26 guns, and 100 men, with 
 a valuable cargo on board worth 200,000 pounds 
 fterling, was taken by the Prothee of 64 guns cap- 
 tain Cornei commander. 
 
 it 
 
 * '1 
 
 .i:iK^ 
 
 Mar, 13. The Entreprenant, pierced- for 44 
 guns, carrying only 26 (twelve and fix pounders) 
 with 203 men, arm'd for war and merchandize, 
 and loaded with various goods for St. Domingo, 
 was ilpten by the Vengeance Captain Nightingale 
 
 of 
 
 ,•* 
 
 ■'lii 
 
 ■I - v:.'' 
 ■ '; ' ■ 1. 
 
 ■% 
 
88 
 
 Chronological Annals 1761. 
 
 I.'' 
 
 ll *. 
 
 ')r \\ 
 
 of 28 guns (nine and four pounders) and 200 
 men. The engagement continued, at three different 
 times, for three hours and a quarter. The Entre- 
 prenant had 15 men kill'd, and 24 wounded ; the 
 Vengeance, 6 kill'd and 27 wounded, moft of them 
 dangeroufly. 
 
 Mar. 26. The Chevalier d*Origny made a bat- 
 talion of the Britannic legion prifoners at Wolf- 
 fliagen, where he took one piece of cannon and a 
 magazine. The fame day the French Royal Le- 
 gion made 300 Englifh prifoners at Alsfclr, who 
 had been left there for their recovery. — A batta- 
 lion of Hanoverians, that block'd up the caftle of 
 Arolfen, was, for the moft part, taken or deftroy*d. 
 
 Mar. 27, Colonel Colignon abandon'd Nord- 
 heim to the French garrifon of Gottingen, and loft 
 220 men, with two pieces of cannon, in his re- 
 treat. 
 
 From Felfr. 11. to March 27 and 28. inclufive. 
 The allied army, on the nth of February began 
 their march to the attack of the French pofts. The 
 principal events of this attack, in the courfe of fe- 
 ven weeks, are thrown together in the following 
 account. Fritzlar capitulated to the hereditary 
 Prince of Brunfwick. Lieutenant General Breiden- 
 bach was kiird in an unfuccefsful attempt upon 
 Marpourg. . Guderfberg furrender'd to Lord Gran- 
 by. The Generals Sporcken and Sybourg gave a 
 fignal defeat to the Saxons near Langenfaltzen, 
 made 5000 prifoners, and took fome cannon. Lieu- 
 tenant General D'Oheim defeated M. deMaupeou's 
 advanced guard near Sachfenberg, and made that 
 General prifoner. At Rofenthal, Fritzlar, and 
 Melfungen, a large quantity of meal and#>rage 
 
 was 
 
1761 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 189 
 
 was dcftroy'd. A confidcrable magazine was found 
 at Ober-Morlchen -, 80,000 facks of meal, 50,000 
 facks oi ^ats, and a million of rations of hay, were 
 taken or riiin*d at Hirfchfcld. At b ulda the French 
 burnt a magazine of hay, anc^ the Allies took a 
 very great magazine of flour and oats. Another 
 large magazine was found at Eyfenach. Count la 
 Lippe opened the trenches before CaflTel in the night 
 of the firft of March. The garrifon of Cafl'el fome 
 days afterwards made a fuccefsful I'alley on the be- 
 fiegcrs, enter*d the trenches, and nail'd up one 
 piece of cannon, carried off four mortars, and de- 
 Iboyed the works of the grand battery. I'he 
 French fet fire to their magazines at Friedberg. 
 Luckner pufli'd his corps as far as Afchaffenbourg, 
 of >\hich he took pofleflion. From this time, every 
 thing went retrograde. A detachment from the 
 garrifon of Gottingen obliged the Hanoverian 
 garrifon of Dudcrftadt to furrender prifoners of 
 war. Major General Baron Clofen, under the or- 
 ders of M. Broglio, defeated the hereditary Prince 
 of Brunfwick near Grunberg, made near 2000 pri- 
 foners, and took 12 or 13 pieces of cannon. M. 
 de Monchenu beat a party of the Allies juft above 
 Ziegenhayn, took 400 prifoners, befides fome Of- 
 ficers of diftinftion. In the night between the 27th 
 and 28th of March, the Allies raifed the fiege of 
 Caflel i after which, the French went into quarters 
 of cantonment in Heffe, and the Allies into their 
 own behind the Dymel. The feyeral French ma- 
 gazines, which were taken or deftroy'd before the 
 Allies repafs*d the Dymel, amounted, according to 
 fome valuations, to feven millions of florins. 
 
 Mar. 30. The Count de Broglio, having march*d 
 out of Caflel with his garrifon, attack*d the rear 
 guaftJ of the Hannoverians with fuccefs, took four 
 
 pieces 
 
 f 
 
 ,;■ ! 
 
 m 
 
 
itmk 
 
 ■ :^^':. 
 
 * ' ': I 
 
 I'!- 
 
 '.ll '^ 
 
 
 190 Chronological Annals 1761. 
 
 pieces of cannon, feveral ammunition waggons, 
 aad many prifoners. 
 
 Jpril I. The Oriflame of 40 guns mounted, 
 twenty fix of which were 1 2 pounders, and four- 
 teen 18 pounders, with upwards of 370 men, was 
 taken by the Ifis commanded by Lieutenant Cun- 
 ningham, after a running engagement of fov.v 
 hours and an half. The Ifis had only 4 men killed, 
 and nine wounded •, Captain Wheeler who com- 
 manded her, was kiird in the beginning of the 
 adion. The lofs of the Oriflame, in killed and 
 wounded, amounted to between 40 and 50; flie 
 failed remarkably well, and had received a tho- 
 rough repair. 
 
 Jpril 2. The Imperialifts, to the amount of 6 
 battalions and 800 horfe, under the command of 
 two Generals, were attacked, routed, and difpers'd, 
 by the Prulfian Generals S( henkendortf and Sy- 
 bourg, near Saalfeld. One Colonel, one Major, 
 twenty nine officers, and 800 private men were 
 made prifoners ; four pair of colours and fix pieces 
 of cannon were taken. Ziethen's Hufl^ars, under 
 Major Hundt, particularly diftinguifh'd them- 
 felves. 
 
 Jpril 2. The Berten, an Eaft-Indiaman, bound 
 from Port L'Orient to the Ifle of France and Pon- 
 dicherry, pierced for 64 guns, mounting 28, and 
 manned with 353 men, of whom 93 were foldiers, 
 laden with ordnance, naval (lores, merchandize, 
 and 24000 dollars in fpecie, was taken by the Hero 
 Captain William Fortefcue and the Venus Captain 
 Harrifon. The entire cargo of this prize, was va- 
 lued by her Captain at 90,000 pounds fterling. 
 
 Jpril 3. 
 
 ■i ,1 
 
5unted, 
 d four- 
 :n, was 
 It Cun- 
 of foi^.r 
 I killed, 
 10 com- 
 T of the 
 lied and 
 50-, ftie 
 i a tho- 
 
 unt of 6 
 imand of 
 difpers'd, 
 
 and Sy- 
 >e Major, 
 
 icn were 
 
 fix pieces 
 [rs, under 
 
 •d them- 
 
 terlins;. 
 
 1761. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 191 
 
 y^pril 3. The Kings of Great-Britain and Priiflia 
 accepted the propofal of the bclHgerant Powers, 
 contain*d in their declaration of the 26th of March, 
 for opening a congrefs at Augfburg, in order to ne- 
 gotiate a general peace. 
 
 Jpril — The Pheafant, a French frigate of 1 6 
 guns 125 men, was taken by the Albany floop 
 Captain Brograve; the Pheafant threw 14 of her 
 guns overboard in the chace. 
 
 Jpril 6, A Pruffian detachment attack'd a corps 
 of Imperialifts under General Guafco, near Plaven 
 in the Voigtland, and took one Colonel, eight of- 
 ficers, 150 men, four pieces of cannon, and all 
 the baggage. The Pruffians loft the brave Major 
 Hundt of Ziethen's HufTars, one Lieutenant, and 
 30 private men. 
 
 Jpril 7. Between the 14th of February and this 
 day, the garrifon of Gottingen alone made 1 600 of 
 the Allies prifoners of war. 
 
 Jpril 8. Major General Hodgfon and Commo- 
 dore Keppel attempted to difimbark the Britifli 
 troops at St. Andro near Point Lomaria; but the 
 French were fo ftrongly intrenched on each fide of 
 the hill, which was excefllvely deep, and the foot 
 of it fcarp'd away, that after repeated efforts they 
 were oblig'd to defift. Major General Crawford 
 and Brigadier Carlton exerted themfelves with a- 
 bility on this occafion, and the latter was wounded 
 in the thigh. One of the flat-bottom'd boats land- 
 ed fixty of Erlkine's grenadiers, commanded by 
 Captain Ofborne, who gain'd the top of the hills 
 by a very difficult afcenc i but being attack'd as 
 
 foon 
 
 ,.i;v: 
 
 ^"'^■■r ill 
 
 um. 
 
 ..' 4- 
 
]}ii 
 
 
 1 1*^ 
 
 :|::|;5 
 
 192 Chronological Annals 1761. 
 
 foon as they were form'd, by a numerous force, 
 they were routed before it was poffible to fend 
 them any effectual affiftance ; twenty of this party 
 were brought back from the rocks by the boats. 
 The lofs of the Britifh troops, in kill'd, wounded, 
 and prifoners, amounted to 434. 
 
 j4pril 13. The Auftrian General Reid attack'd 
 the Pruflian line, which was form*d before Miltitz, 
 forced that poft, kiird and wounded 100 men, and 
 made 40 prifoners. 
 
 yfpril 21, A magazine of hay which the French 
 had form'd at Wefel, accidentally took fire, and 
 was confumed. It confifted of 1,250,000 rations, 
 and was valued at two millions of livres. 
 
 ^pril 22. Beauclerk's grenadiers under Captain 
 Paterfon, boldly climb*d up a rock, and made 
 good their landing upon Bellifle againft 300 of the 
 enemy, till the remainder of the corps under Briga- 
 dier Lambert were enabled to come to their af- 
 fiftance. The reft of the troops afterwards landed 
 without difficulty. Captain Paterfon loft his arm 
 in this gallant fervice. Mr. Lambert was ftrongly 
 recommended by General Hodgfon to his Majefty's 
 favour, for the condu(5t and fpirit which he fhewed 
 on this memorable occafion. The French loft three 
 biafs field pieces, and fome of their wounded were 
 made prifoners. 
 
 Jpril ■ — The Speedwell cutter of eight guns, 
 ftation'd off Oporto, was taken by two French 
 men of war on the coaft of Spain, and fent into 
 Vigo. 
 
 Jpril 
 
r Captain 
 ,nd made 
 ;oo of the 
 ier Briga- 
 their af- 
 •ds landed 
 t his arm 
 ftrongly 
 Majefty's 
 le fhewed 
 loft three 
 nded were 
 
 ght guns, 
 vo French 
 i fent into 
 
 1761. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 193 
 
 A[ril 23. A detachment of 3000 men from the 
 garrifon of Gottingen attack'd a battalion of the 
 BritiOi legion in the village of Feldhaven near Ul- 
 lar, and made 100 prifoners. They were afterwards 
 dillodged from that poft by the Hanoverians, who 
 took above 50 dragoons. 
 
 May 5. General Luckner with 100 Huflars 
 came up with 300 horfe of the garrifon of Gottin- 
 gen, entirely routed them, made one officer and 
 thirty troopers prifoners, and took fixty one horfes. 
 — Captain Brinflcy attack'd them the iame day, on 
 their return, with 100 HuiTars and 50 of the Brunf- 
 wick cavalry, drove them before him into Gottin- 
 gen, and made three officers and c^'^ dragoons pri- 
 foners ; the Vicomte de Belfunce their commander 
 narrowly efc. ped being taken in the purlliit. The 
 village of Spielen beyond the Fulda was taken by 
 Captain Riedefel with 100 men of the Brunfwick 
 Huflars, and the garrifon of 50 men were kill'd 
 or made prifoners, with little lofs on the part of 
 the Allies. 
 
 May — The Auftrians abandon'd Freyberg on 
 the approach of Colonel Kleift, who took 84 men 
 and 100 horfes. 
 
 May — The King of Pruffia took an Auftrian 
 magazine of meal at Bautzen. 
 
 May 1 7. Colonel Kleift attack*d part of General 
 Guafco's corps at Schellenberg, and took iiS 
 men together with three officers. 
 
 May 21. General Beck attack'd a body of Pruf- 
 fians on the Queifs near GreifFenberg, kill'd and 
 
 N wounded 
 
 i!!' 
 
 ml ' H • 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 i^ : 
 
 ■ 1 ■. 
 
 ■)>, 
 
 '■-1 
 
 I 
 
 >'■' I;m 
 
 ,f*, 
 
 ' jl'l ;|i| 
 
 1 ' 1 , 
 
 J|;:|j 
 
 pi: 
 
 I 
 
 
 i^t::' 
 
mi 
 
 if ■)'■' 
 
 V ':% 
 
 
 w'm% :^ W'' 
 
 
 iilJ' '^ 
 
 US' 'J. 'Am-'' 
 
 iV I 
 
 ^94 Chronological Annals 1761, 
 
 wounded 600 men, took near the fame number 
 prifoners, and made himfelf mafter of four pieces 
 of cannon. 
 
 May — One hundred horfe of the Allied army 
 took, near Nordheim, a French Lieutenant Colo- 
 nel, 34 dragoons, and 40 horfe. M. de Belfunce 
 himfelf narrowly efcaped. 
 
 June 6. luord Rollo and Colonel Melvil, fup- 
 ported by the fquadron under Commodore Sir 
 James Douglafs, landed their troops on the ifland 
 of Dominica, attack'd and drove the French from 
 four different intrenchments, one above another, 
 upon the face of a fteep hill, and made M. de 
 Longprie the Commandant, and M. de Couche 
 the fecond Officer, prifoners of war. Having thus 
 taken the ifland by alfault, Lord Rollo granted the 
 inhabitants a prote6lion till his Majefty's pleafure 
 Ihould be further known. Dominica is well wood- 
 ed and water*d, and fupplied the French with 
 quantities of coffee, cocoa, and cotton ; the foil in 
 many places is rich, and the land very high, 
 which makes it capable of producing excellent 
 fugar-cane, if properly cultivated. 
 
 June 7. The citadel of Palais furrender'd to Ge- 
 neral Hodgfon and Commodore Keppel. The 
 Chevalier de St. Croix and his garrifon obtain'd all 
 the honours of war, and were tranfported to the 
 Continent at the Expence of his Britannick Ma- 
 jefly. The Britifli prifoners were declar'd to be 
 free from the moment of the capitulation, but the I 
 French prifoners were to be cxchang*d according 
 to the cartel of Sluys. It is difficult to afcertain the 
 cxadt lofs of the Britifh troops in this long "and 
 well-difputed fiegc. Some accounts make the 
 
 kiira 
 
Ivil, fup- 
 odore Sir 
 the ifland 
 ;nch from 
 e another, 
 de M. de 
 le Couche 
 aving thus 
 rranted the 
 ''s pleafure 
 well wood- 
 i-ench with 
 the foil in 
 very high, 
 excellent 
 
 1761. 
 
 Of the War* 
 
 95 
 
 ier'd to Ge- 
 ppel. The 
 
 obtain'd all 
 jrted to the 
 fannick Ma- 
 :lar'd to be 
 ion, but the 
 d according 
 jafcertain the 
 
 lis long 'and 
 
 make the 
 
 kilVd 
 
 kiird amount to near 2000 men. The Captains 
 Bell, Wightwick, and Collins, of the Marines, 
 were promoted to the rank of Majors in the arrny^ 
 for their gallant behaviour. The number of French 
 troops in the citadel, when it was invefted, a- 
 mounted to 2600, of whom 922 were kill'd, 
 wounded, or made prifoners, during the fiege. 
 
 June 13. The Hampfhire and Centaur, part of 
 Rear Admiral Holmes's fquadron, took the St. 
 Anne, pierced for 64 guns, having on board fix 24 
 pounders, twenty fix 12 pounders and eight i 
 pounders, with 389 perfons. She was commanded 
 by M. D'Aguillon, and her cargo confifted of in- 
 digo, coffee, and fugar, to the value of one million 
 of French livres. 
 
 June 16. General Luckner took 84 oxen under 
 the walls of Gottingen, drove back the garrifon, 
 kiird and wounded 100 men, and made one Cap- 
 tain and 14 private men prifoners. 
 
 June 17. M. Schciter crofs*d the Rhine with 
 only 36 horfe, and in the fpace of 93 hours, fee 
 lire to the French magazines at Xanten, and other" 
 1 places, and plunder*d a great quantity of baggage, 
 I The magazines which he deftroyed, amounted to 
 1,635000 rations of hay and draw, near 6000 facks 
 land fcveral thoufand rations of oats. 
 
 June — The French made 245 prifoners at 
 ILuhnen and Kamen, and took two pieces of can- 
 
 Inon. 
 
 June 20. Two thoufand Auftrians furpriz*d a 
 laying camp of the Pruffians near Schweidnitz, made 
 
 N 2 200 
 
 '. i 
 
 ^il''^^:li 
 
 I "'^i\ ■ 
 
 
 ' I, j fs 
 
 
mi" mi 'til I ;: 
 I'll '|!: Is 
 
 196 Chronological Annals 1761, 
 
 200 prifoners, and carried off 300 horfe with fome 
 other booty. 
 
 June — Marfhal Broglio took pofTeffion of War- 
 bourg and Paderborn -, General Sporcken loft a 
 fmall number of men and fome cannon in his re- 
 treat from the former place. 
 
 June 28 and 29. The detach'd corps of M. 
 Broglio*s army, made between four and five hun- 
 dred of the Allies prifoners of war, and took 19 
 pieces of cannon with 4 haubitzers. 
 
 From June 10 to June 30. inclufive. Lieutenant 
 Colonel Grant of the 40th regiment of foot, with 
 the troops under his command, penetrated into 
 the middle and back fettlements of the Cherokees, 
 burnt 15 towns, deftroy'd above 1400 acres of 
 corn, beans, and peafe, and drove 5000 people 
 into the woods and mountains, where they would 
 be neceflarily reduced to great diftrefs for want of 
 fubfiftence. — His lofs in this expedition amount- 
 ed only to one fubaltern, one lerjeant, and nine 
 private men kill'd, four fubakerns, one drummer, 
 and forty feven private men wounded, 
 
 July — Le Beaumont, a French Eaft-Indiaman 
 bound for the lile of Bourbon, of 600 tons, 22 
 guns nine pounders and 280 men, was taken by 
 the King George privateer of 24 guns twelve and 
 nine pounders and 240 men Captain Reid com- 
 mander, after an obfiinate engagement of feven 1 
 hours, in which the former had upwards of 60 
 men kiird and the latter 25. 
 
 July 8. General Ziethen reconnoitred the Ruf- 
 fian army, (kirmilh'd with an advanced poft, kill'd 
 
 200 
 
I76I. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 197 
 
 200 men, and afterwards retreated in good order 
 to his camp at Storkneft in Poland. 
 
 July 13. A body of French troops under the 
 command of M. Chabot, intending to furprize M. 
 Luckner, near Samle, was attack'd and defeated 
 by that General ; 1 50 men were made prifoners, 
 and 200 horfes taken, 
 
 July 14. The Captains Kampen and Engel, Cap- 
 tain Lieutenant Sanders, and Lieutenant Muller, 
 with 220 horfe in different detachments, burnt up- 
 wards of 30 carriages of bacon and provifions, de- 
 ftroy'd or gave away a prodigious quantity of bread 
 and meal, took 700 horfes, ruin*d 2000 more, and 
 in their return to the allied army made prifoners 
 250 recover'd men of the enemy's troops. 
 
 July 15 and 16. Marfhal Broglio decamp'd on 
 the 15th at day-break from Erwite, and attack'd 
 Lord Granby's camp in the evening with great 
 brifl^nefs : his Lordfhip fuftain'd the efforts of the 
 enemy with refolution and fuccefs, till the arrival 
 of Lieutenant General Wutgenau, who had re- 
 ceived orders to march to his fupport. The French 
 being now taken in flank, they could no longer 
 withftand the firmnefs of theie Generals, with 
 whom Prince Ferdinand was in perfon, but were 
 driven back into the woods, after a fire of artillery 
 and fmall arms which lafted till late in the night. 
 The adtion was renewed at three the next morn- 
 ing, and continued till nine ; M. Wutgenau's 
 corps, againft which the French made redoubled 
 attacks, maintain'd its ground with intrepidity ; 
 at laft M. Broglio appear'd to have a dcfign of 
 planting fome batteries upon an eminence, oppo- 
 fite to Lord Granby's camp, which was not in- 
 
 N 3 clofed 
 
 \'\ 
 
 If 
 
 i-": :■; ■ J'i-i'i 
 
 '1M| 
 
 '■^'■;\\ 
 
 ■i \ 
 
 ' ■ .ml 
 ■!■■■:#;■ 
 
 i.'i. 
 
 

 83,. J! '' ■ ' t.ii; !! 
 
 198 Chronological Annals 1761, 
 
 clofed within the lines : to prevent the bad confe- 
 quence of fuch a defign, Prince Ferdinand ordered 
 the neareft troops to advance upon the enemy, 
 which they did with fuch courage, that the French 
 foon gave way, and retreated precipitately, aban- 
 doning their dead and wounded. Maxwell's batta- 
 lion of grenadiers took prifoners the regiment of 
 Rouge, confiding of four battalions, with their 
 cannon and colours. Upon the news of this defeat 
 on the right, the left of the French army under the 
 Prince de Soubife,. which was oppofed to the here- 
 ditary prince, defifted from the attack j 200 men, 
 commanded by Major Limburg, defended the 
 village of Scheidingen, on that fide ; againft all the 
 attempts of the enemy. The lofs of the French in 
 kiird, wounded, and prifoners, was computed at 
 about 5000 men •, nine pieces of cannon and fix 
 pair of colours were taken. The brigades of the 
 King, Auvergne, Belfunce, aud NaiTau, fuffer'd 
 the moft. The Duke of Havre and his fon in law 
 the Marquis of Cirrac, the Marquis of Rouge Lieu- 
 tenant General and his fon the Colonel, were 
 kill'd : their lofs in Officers was very conflderable. 
 This battle was fought in the field of Kirch-Denc- 
 kern, near Hiltrup, and at no great difl:ance from 
 Ham. The Allies had 3U men kill'd, loii 
 wounded, 192 made prifoners, and three pieces of 
 cannon taken. 
 
 M* 
 
 ,r'i, 
 
 July 17. The Achilles of 64 guns and theBuffon 
 of 32, were taken at the diftiance of 19 leagues 
 from Cadiz, by the Thunderer of 74 guns Cap- 
 tain Proby, and the Thetis ftorefhip Captain Mou- 
 tray, after a bloody combat of half an hour, in 
 which the Thunderer had 17 men kill'd and 113 
 wounded, 1 7 of whom died foon afterwards ; Cap- 
 uin Proby was llightly wounded in the hand. The 
 
 French 
 
Of the War. 
 
 19^ 
 
 French frigate did not ftrikc till after the Modefte 
 had come up, and fired fome guns into her. Thefe 
 two fhips carried upwards of 900 men between 
 them. The Captain of the Achilles was gently 
 cenfur'd, the Lieutenant degraded from his Nobi- 
 lity and imprifon'd, and the Enfign fhot, for their 
 behaviour in this engagement. 
 
 July — A great convoy of provifions was de- 
 Uroy'd by Colonel Freytag, between CaiTel and 
 Warbourg ; the Brunfwick HufTars ruin*d two 
 French magazines upon the Werra, and Major Ge- 
 neral Luckner, in his retreat from Neuhaus near 
 Paderborn (which he had forced on the 17th) had 
 afmart engagement with the enemy, and made 
 150 prifoners. 
 
 July 18. Marflial Butterlin having detached fome 
 regiments of HufTars from his head-quarters at 
 Priftawe, to cut off the retreat of Colonel Loflbw, 
 who had been reconnoitring the Ruffians \ the lat- 
 ter fell upon them by furprize, killM 20 men, 
 made 2 officers, 14 fubalterns, 2 furgeons, and 106 
 private men prifoners, took 100 horfes, and dif- 
 pers*d the reft. 
 
 July 20. Colonel Belling, and Lieutenant Colo- 
 nel Goltz, gain'd fome advantage over the Swedes 
 at Verchen. 
 
 
 ■i'V 
 
 ■ I!' 
 
 y;' i-' 
 
 i-i'.. 
 
 
 
 
 July 19 to 21. Colonel Freytag, in a fecond ex- 
 pedition, deftroy'd a great quantity of ammuni- 
 tion and corn belonging to the French, on the 
 Fuld and the Werra, without the lofs of a man. 
 
 July 21. The Swedes took Demmin, and made 
 100 men of Hordt's Battalion prifoners of war. -^t 
 
 Mai- 
 
200 Chronological Annals 1761. 
 
 Malchin, the PrufTian Lieutenant Colonel Goltz 
 loft 100 men; and at Damgarten, a Lieutenant 
 and 20 PrulTian HufTars were taken prifoners. 
 
 July 22. The King of PrufTia attack'd General 
 Brentaiio's cavalry near Munfterberg, and made 
 150 Fouriers prifoners. 
 
 July 28 and 29. Part of Commodore Keppel's 
 fquadron under Sir Thomas Stanfiope, demoiilhM 
 the works and fortifications on the ifle of Aix : 
 Captain Chaplin of the Furnace bomb diftin- 
 guifli'd himfelf on this occafion. 
 
 July 30. General Luckner attack*d Marrial 
 Broglio*s rear-guard at Lipfprinck, and deftroy'd 
 the corps of Volontaires de Broglio. 
 
 Augufi 2: The Ruffians attack'd a Prufllan maga- 
 zine between Welda and the Oder, but were re- 
 puls'd with confiderable lofs. 
 
 Auguft 3, The King of Pruflia pafs*d the NeiiTe, 
 drove part of the Auftrian army as far as Hoft in 
 Moravia, and made 100 prifoners. 
 
 Auguft 5. Prince Ferdinand attack'd Lieutenant 
 General de Stainville, who had between 16 and 18 
 battalions and as many fquadrons under his com- 
 mand, and obliged him, after a difpute of three 
 or four hours, to abandon the poft of Stadtbergen. 
 
 Auguft 6. A convoy of 250 waggons going to- 
 wards the Wefer, was taken by a detachment of 
 Hunters belonging to Colonel Freytag's corps. 
 The defertion, at this time, was very great in the 
 French army. 
 
 Aug4 
 
I76I. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 201 
 
 
 Auguft 7. Thirty men of the allied army under 
 the Chevalier de Doncecl, attackM near Stockern, 
 and difpers'd a guard of 70 Au(lri;ins that was 
 placed for the protedion of 6c^ pontoons, and af- 
 terwards burnt the pontoons together with a Imall 
 French magazine. 
 
 Auguft, 7. The Subtile, a French frigate belong- 
 ing to the Eaft India company, of 16 guns 84 
 men, and of about 300 tons burthen, bound from 
 Mauritius to L'Orient, was taken by the Aquilon 
 Captain Chaloner Ogle. 
 
 Auguft 14. Lieutenant General Diemar, with a 
 garrifon of 300 men, gallantly and fuccefsfully de- 
 fended the fmall town of Horn againft 8000 French 
 and 6 pieces of cannon. 
 
 Augufl 14 and 15. General Luckner, having ar- 
 rived with his corps on the heights near Daflel, de- 
 tach'd his own regiment towards the right wing of 
 the French, and Colonel Freytag, with all the 
 light horfe, towards their left. The enemy, under 
 the command of M. Belfunce, drew back their 
 forces towards the foreft of Soiling, after detach- 
 ing a large body of horfe and foot to the high road 
 that leads to Eimbeck ; this body was inftantly 
 charg'd and totally routed by Luckner's Huflars. 
 In front. General Luckner himfelf attack'd the 
 French, whom he found drawn up in order of bat- 
 tle, but they foon retired and drew nearer to the 
 foreft of Soiling; Colonel Freytag obliged their 
 light horfe to difperfe themfelves in the foreft, 
 where they were prefently follow'd by General 
 Luckner : Lieutenant Colonel de Stockhaufen, 
 who had previoufly pofted himfelf in the Soiling 
 
 with 
 
 h 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 : ('''iil:'' ^ 
 
 ' -ii' 
 
'h i 
 
 I : ■■■!■ (.K ,j if"!?' 
 
 iV ,1 
 
 ,'U- I. ,1' ■ I . -it 
 
 .,>r' 
 
 202 Chronological .^nnals 1761. 
 
 with his hunters, then engaged with, and defeat- 
 ed, the French infantry, and the Brunfwick Huf- 
 fars purfucd them with fucccfs. In thefe different 
 attacks, 44 officers and 759 private men were 
 made prifoners •, three pair or colours and 800 
 horfes were taken. 
 
 Auguft 15. Some Pruflian regiments, among 
 which were thofe of Finkenftein and Czelteritz, at- 
 tack'd near Lignitz in Silefia, 30 fquadrons of 
 Auftrian cavalry and 10 battalions or grenadiers 
 who were on their march to join the Ruffians •, 
 thefe regiments took a great number of prifoners, 
 and difpers*d the enemy in fuch a manner, that 
 only 10 fquadrons were enabled to effedt the in< 
 tended junftion. About the fame time. General 
 Knoblock made two regiments of Ruffian infantry 
 prifoners in their retreat towards the Oder. 
 
 Auguft 15. Captain Faulkner in the Bellona of 
 74 guns, and Captain Loggie in the Brilliant of 
 36, came up with the Courageux of 74 guns Cap- 
 tain du Gue Lambert, the Malicieux of 32 guns 
 Captain Longueville, and the Hermione of 32 
 guns Captain Montigney. The Bellona attack'd 
 the Courageux, and the Brilliant the two frigates. 
 After an engagement of three quarters of an hour, 
 the Courageux ftruck, having loft the amazing 
 number 01240 men kiird, and no wounded. The 
 French frigates bore away from the Brilliant 23 
 minutes after the Courageux was taken. The Bel- 
 lona had only 6 men kill'd and 28 wounded-, the 
 Brilliant 5 kill'd and 1 6 wounded. 
 
 Auguft 18. The Caftlc of Waldcck furrender'd 
 to the French. 
 
 Auguft 
 
I76I 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 2«3 
 
 Mguji 18. The Marquis de Conflans attack'd 
 the rear-guard of a detachment ol the allied army, 
 in its march tVoni Munller to the lower Kmbs, 
 made fomc prilbncrs, and took the tents belonging 
 to Scheiter*s cavalry, together with 30 baggage 
 waggons, 
 
 Augi^ 19. General Romanzow took poflefTion 
 of the town of Collin near Coiberg in Pomerania. 
 
 Auguft — The Fatalafam, a (hip belonging to 
 the Eait India company, bound from Fort St. 
 George to Calcutta in Bengal, was wreck'd in her 
 paflage, and only 27 perlbns were faved : among 
 thofe wiio perifh'd were, five lieutenants, two en- 
 figns, two furgeon*s mates, one volunteer, fixteen 
 fergeants, one drummer, and 218 rank and file, 
 belonging to the 84th regiment of foot command- 
 ed by Colonel Eyre Coote. Major Gordon, Cap- 
 tain Scott, Enfign Ogilvie, and Mr. Browne the 
 burgeon, efcaped on Ihore, but died with the fa- 
 tigue of their journey, in attempting to reach Cal- 
 cutta, 
 
 Auguft 25. The Au Irian army join*d that of the 
 RufTians in Silefm. 
 
 Auguft 30. A body of the allied army furpriz'd 
 Dorften, and made M. Vierfet with the firft batta- 
 lion of his regiment, and feveral piquets, prifoners 
 of war. Next day the light troops took 300 wag- 
 gons, many equipages, and the different patrolcs 
 of French horfc that w<?re polled along the Lippe. 
 
 Augaft 3 1 . The corps, under the Generals Luck- 
 ner and Freytag, and Colonel Stockhaufen, were 
 
 at- 
 
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 f, • .*! 
 
 
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 ^ ". 
 
 mi:' 
 
 1 1 
 
 .1 .i. 
 
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 204 Chronolpgical Annals 1761. 
 
 attack'd by the French, and obliged to abandon 
 feveral polls in the defiles of the Hartz mountains, 
 
 September 3. — The vanguard of the Prince of 
 Soubife's army recovered Dorften, made 1 80 of the 
 Allies prifoners, and took one piece of cannon. 
 
 Sept, 15. The Pruflian General Platen deftroy*d 
 fome conliderahle Ruffian magazines at Coblin and 
 Goftin, attack'd 5000 waggons at a Convent near 
 the latter place, defeated the convoy of 4000 men, 
 kiird many, and made 2000 prifoners, including 
 Brigadier General Czerapow, 3 Majors, and 20 in- 
 feriour officers. Five haubitzers and 2 pieces of 
 cannon were taken. 
 
 September 19. General Romanzow having at- 
 tack'd and carried a redoubt which cover'd one of 
 the flanks of the Prince of Wurtemberg's Camp, 
 he made another attempt on the Prince's intrench- 
 ments, but was repuls'd with the lofs of near 3000 
 men, officers included, and the Prince recovered 
 the redoubt that was taken the preceeding day. 
 
 September — A body of Ruffians repuls'd the 
 Pruffian Lieutenant General Werner near Treptow 
 in Pomerania, and took the General himfelf pri- 
 foner, whilft he was endeavouring to rally the re- 
 giment of Wurtemberg which had been put into 
 confufion. 
 
 September 22. General Romanzow failed in an- 
 other attempt upon the Pruffian intrenchments be- 
 fore Colberg. 
 
 September 24. The Marquis de Conflans made 
 himfelf mafter of Embden, where he raifcd large 
 
 con- 
 
1761. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 205 
 
 contributions j 200 Englifh invalids who compos'd 
 the garrifon, obtained an advantageous capitula- 
 tion, and embark*d for Bremen. 
 
 September — The French enter'd Ofnabrug, and 
 levied exorbitant contributions, 
 
 05lober i. The Auftrians, under the orders of M. 
 de Laudohn, made themfelves mailers of Schweid- 
 nitz by a coup de main. Lieutenant General Zaftrow 
 governour of the fortrefs, and 3771 men were made 
 prifoners of war, A large magazine of powder 
 blew up in the attack, which did equal damage to 
 the PrulTians and the Enemy. 1 8 1 pieces of can- 
 non were found in the place. The lofs of the Au- 
 ftrians confifted in 279 killM 1007 wounded and 
 140 mifling. Of the Ruflians (who were engaged 
 in this aflault) 51 were kill'd and 45 wounded. The 
 grenadiers of that corps particularly diftinguilh'd 
 themfelves. 
 
 05fober — The ftrong Caftle of Scharsfels in the 
 Hartze mountains furrender'd to the French after a 
 fiege of eight days, who demolifh*d its fortifica- 
 tions J Meppen capitulated to the Prince of Conde 
 on the 3d, in which 500 of the Allies were made 
 prifoners of war. 
 
 October 7. Part of the army of the Empire took 
 poffeflion of Halle, but quitted it again on the 
 tenth. 
 
 October 10. Wolfenbuttel capitulated to Prince 
 Xavier of Saxony, after a five days fiege. 
 
 OSiober 1 1 . Three French frigates mann'd fix 
 large boats, in hopes of boarding and taking the 
 
 Lively 
 
 \\ 
 
 

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 TO, ■'■Ml? , « 
 
 
 f ' 
 
 I, I' J 
 
 li:fci 
 
 206 Chronological Annals 1761, 
 
 Lively frigate, which lay at anchor in view of the 
 garrifon of BeUille ; but a detachment of 85 men, 
 compofed of Morgan's light infantry, together 
 with Ibme Marines, fct off in four boats, attack'd 
 the enemy with brifknefs, kill'd 15 men and 
 wounded 1 9, and brought five of their boats back 
 with the n to Bellifle. 
 
 OSiober 13. Prince Frederic of Brunfwick at- 
 tack'd, and forced, the French, in the intrench- 
 ments which they had thrown up, at the Pafs of 
 Oelpher, for covering the fiege of Brunfwick. Ma- 
 ny of the enemy were kiird ; and one Major Gene- 
 ral, feveral officers, upwards of 200 private men, 
 and one piece of cannon were taken. In confe- 
 quence of this fuccefs, the French rais*d the fiege 
 of Brunfwick, and abandon'd Wolfenbuttel. 
 
 O^ober 20, 21 and 22. The Ruffians made fu- 
 rious attacks both upon Colberg and the Prince of 
 Wirtemburg's intrenchments, but without any 
 cfFeft. 
 
 Prober 21. The Ruffians took two Pruflian dew 
 tachments, which ferv'd as a convoy to a tranfport 
 from Stetin laden with provifions for Colberg. Ge- 
 neral de Platen, who march'd to Golnow with a 
 view to proteft and cover that tranfport, was ob- 
 liged to fend it back to Dam, after which he re- 
 tired himfelf to Stargard. The Ruffian light troop§ 
 having, on the 13th, blown up 85 waggons load- 
 ed with bombs and gunpowder, and deltroy'd 100 
 more fill'd with provifions and other flores, they 
 afterwards made themfelves mailers of the town of 
 Golnow, and burnt the fuburbs, 40,000 bombs 
 and balls were found in Golnow. 
 
 OHcher 
 
 .Jii. 
 
iy6i. 
 
 Of the War, 
 
 207 
 
 05lober 24. The Ruffians, detach'd by General 
 Romanzow from Colberg, made themfelves mailers 
 of Treptow, and obliged General Knobloch with 
 three battalions and a corps of cavalry, amounting 
 to 4000 men, to furrender prifoners of war. The 
 Pruffians alfo loft fix colours and ten cannon. 
 
 O£iob. 25. The Griffin of 28 guns, captain Tay- 
 lor, was loft off the Bermuda iflands, and 50 of the 
 crew were drown'd. 
 
 O£ioher 29. The Pruffians were diflodged from 
 Stepnitz by the Ruffians ; and General Berg fur- 
 priz'd Colonel Combiere at the village of Sanglow 
 near Golnow, whom he made prifoner, together 
 with '^6 officers and 1000 men; fix pieces of can- 
 non were taken on this occafion. Colonel Combiere 
 commanded the van guard of General Platen's 
 troops, which, to the number of 6000 men, had 
 unfortunately penetrated as far as Golnow. 
 
 Novembfr 2. The Ruffian General Berg attack'd 
 General Platen between Stargard and Pyritz, but 
 was repuls'd with the lofs of 500 men kiird and 
 wounded. 
 
 November 5. Prince Ferdinand form'd a judi- 
 cious plan for furprizing 1 5 battalions under the 
 Count de Chabot at Efcherlliaufen. The Marquis 
 of Granby reach'd Wickenfen, on the 5th, to block 
 up the defile leading from Efcherlliaufen to Eim- 
 beck, having previoufly forced the Poft of Cap- 
 pelnhagen ; the fame day General Conway and Ge- 
 neral Scheele join*d at Halle, in the morning : 
 the Count de Chabot perceiv'd he had no other 
 way to cfcape but by turning to the right, towards 
 
 Stad- 
 
 Hk .; f 
 
 
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 ■ lit I*, 
 
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 I 
 
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 '! f 
 
 
 
 
 2o8 Chronological Annals 1761, 
 
 Stad-Odendorp -, this road would have been alfo 
 block'd up by General Hardenberg, if he had not 
 been retarded in his march by the overturning of 
 his pontoons in a hollow way •, by this accident the 
 French Gener.il was enabled to make his efcape to 
 Eimbcck, 
 
 November 7. Count Broglio attacked the Mar- 
 quis of Granby and General Conway, juft as they 
 were beginning to encamp at Foorwohle, after a 
 fatiguing night-march through fnow and difficult 
 roads : an advanced body of Chafleurs under Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel Maxwell, at firft very prudently re- 
 tir'dj but, on being fupported, they return'd to 
 the charge with vigour and condud : the French 
 were repuls'd with great fpirit, and driven back al- 
 moft to their very camp. 
 
 November 9. The Marquis of Granby was again 
 attack'd by the Enemy, and he again repuls'd them 
 with confiderable lofs. Major Frafer diftinguifli'd 
 himfelf greatly on this occafion. Marfhal Broglio 
 perceiving that Prince Ferdinand had already gain'd 
 his flank, and was partly in his rear, thought fit to 
 decline a general engagement, and abandon'd Eim- 
 beck in the night, and all the adjacent country. 
 
 November — Captain M'Kenzie of Fort-Cum- 
 berland arm'd two veflels at Bay Verte, and pro- 
 ceeded with them to Bay Chaleurs, where he broke 
 tip a fettlement of plunderers that had done confi- 
 derable mifchief to the Britilh navigation in thofe 
 parts. 240 men, women, and children, were car- 
 ried away prifoners to Bay Vert, together with 8 
 or 10 veffeis laden with their efFeds ; all their other 
 fmall-craft was deftroy'd. ' 
 
 No- 
 
i76r 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 20( 
 
 November — The Ruffians repeated their at- 
 tack upon the Prince of Wirtemburg's intrench- 
 ments, with the fame indiffereni: fuccefs. 
 
 November 13. The Hereditary Prince of Brunf- 
 wick attack'd near Katlenbourg, and routed, a 
 large detachment of cavalry commanded by M. de 
 Clofeni ... . , 
 
 November 15. General Romanzow took the fort 
 ef Munde at the entrance of the river Pecfante, 
 and cut off all communication by water between 
 Stetin and Colberg* 
 
 December i* A Silefian Gehtlem^n, of the ^l■ame 
 of Wargotfch, form'd a plan for feizing the King 
 of Pruffia in the fuburbs of Strehlen, by employ- 
 ing a refolute body of cavalry to fet fire to thofe 
 fubufbsi and then to fecure his Majefty*s perfon in 
 the confufiort. Wargotfch's fervant detected the 
 confpiracy ; for having been fent with a letter from 
 his mafter to a popifli Prieft, by whom it was to be 
 forwarded to an Auftrian Lieutenant Colonel, and 
 having remarked a particular agitation in the deli- 
 very of it, he immediately concluded that the con- 
 tents were dangerous, and tl eiefore carried the let- 
 ter to a Pruffian officer iiv Strehlen. Wargotfch 
 and the Prieft were arretted, but afterwards made 
 tiieir efcape. 
 
 December — The fort of Munden, under Col- 
 berg, towards the Sea, was taken by the Ruffians % 
 by the lofs of which, the entry of any Ruffian vef* 
 fel with provifions, into Colberg, was rendered un- 
 certain and dangerous* ... : ^ - - 
 
 
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 De^ 
 
3^1:1 
 
 '')'':'. 
 
 210 Chronological Annals 1761. 
 
 Bef ember — The Ruffians made an unfuccefsful 
 attempt to take Colberg by ftorm. 
 
 December 10. The nine principal Headmen of 
 the Cherokee nation arrives! in Charles Town, and 
 in a few days afterwards the treaty between that 
 nation and the province, of South Carolina was fi- 
 nally ratified, in all its forms, by the Lieutenant 
 Governour and thofe nine Indians refpe6tively. 
 
 December 12. The Prince of Wirtemburg was 
 defeated by a detachment of General Romanzow's 
 army. 
 
 December 1^. The Ruffians gave a vigorous af- 
 fault to Colberg, and wefe beat, back with confi- 
 derable lofs. - 
 
 '•<• r ., J 4' I 
 
 December 1 7. Colberg furrender'd to the Ruffians, 
 who loft many men while they lay before the place. 
 The brave garrifon, confifting of 79 officers and 
 3000 private men, were made prifoners of war. 
 146 pieces of cannon were found in the arfenal; 
 40 pair cf colours and 4 ftandards were taken. Co- 
 lonel Heydeh acquir'd great honour by his fpirited 
 defence of this fortrefs^ during a fiege which lafted 
 tipwards of five months. ' General Romanzow, ac- 
 cording to the Rufliari account, made 8000 pri- 
 foners in the courfe of the campaign, cxclufive of 
 5000 deferters. 
 
 ::K:t'.Jif^ 
 
 T: ■ t 
 
 •« '.^••;-l I.-., 
 
 December ig. An article of this date from We- 
 fel, mentioned the deftrudion of immenfe maga- 
 zines betonging to/the allied army in Weftphalia 
 and Eaft-Frizcland, during the latter part of this 
 campaign. The Amfterdam Gazette gave the pub- 
 lick 
 
1761: Of the War. 2ii 
 
 lick a more minute and early account of thofe 
 which were ruin'd in Eaft-Frizeland, amounting to 
 upwards of two millions of rations. Notwithlland- 
 ing which, the London gazette firmly and pofitive- 
 ly denied the truth of that relation, and affirm'd 
 that the lofs of their magazines in Weftphalia and 
 Eaft-Frizeland was greatly exaggerated, nothing 
 being more certain that the Allies had little of 
 confequence in chofe parts. 
 
 December 26, The French frigate Hermione, of 
 36 guns, was loft on the bar of Vigo. 
 
 December 27. The Boulogne of 20 guns 140 
 men, M. de St. Romain commander, bound from 
 the Iflc of Bourbon to Port L'Orient, Jaden with 
 coffee and pepper, and valued at 40,000 pounds, 
 was taken Dy the Venus Captain Harrifon. 
 
 December 30. The Biddeford of 24 guns Captain 
 Gordon, was loft off the Yarmouth fands. Out of 
 160 men, only the Lieutenant, Matter, Surgeon, 
 Lieutenant of the Marines, and about 70 private 
 men were laved. . , 
 
 Supplies granted by Parliament for thefervice of thi 
 
 year tySi, 
 
 Eighteen millions, eight hundred and lixteea 
 thoufahd, ofte hundred and nineteen pounds, nine* 
 te^n ihtliings and nine pence three finrclungs. 
 
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22t Chronolooioal Anmals 1762. 
 
 
 
 
 1762. 
 
 January 5. TT^Lizabeth Emprefs of Ruffia died, 
 J^j in the 5 2d year of htr age, and in 
 the 2 2d of her reign. " -•, 
 
 January it and 12. The French frigate La Ze- 
 nobie, M. jde $age comnSander, a new (Hip, car- 
 rying 22 nine pounders, and 210 men, with pro- 
 vifions on board for fix months, was wreck*d on 
 Portland Beach, and only fi men were faved. 
 
 January 12. The Pruflian Generals Platen and 
 Wunfch, after having taken feveral places, pene- 
 trated within a league of Naumbourg, which the 
 army of the Empire quitted, and retir'd towards 
 Weimar, with the lofs of men and baggage. 
 Prince Henry's winter quarters were enlarged by 
 this expedition. ' 
 
 January 1 6. General Monckton landed his troops 
 without moleftation near the Cafe des Navires in the 
 ifland of Martinico, between Pointe des Negres 
 and la Cafe Pilote, at the diftance of little more 
 than a league from Fort Royal, the Ihips of war 
 under Admiral Rodney, having previoufly filenc'd 
 the batteries that were above the place of landing. 
 The Raifohable of 64 guris was loft, on the. 7th, 
 upon a little reef of rocks in St. Anfte's Bay, as 
 fhe was leading in for one of the enemy's batte- 
 ries : all the p«0ffle and (tores were faved. 
 
1762. 
 
 Of THE War* 
 
 223 
 
 January 21. M. Reid attack'd the advanc'd poft* 
 of the PruflTians in Saxony, in which the latter loft 
 near 1600 men iii kill'd, wounded, and deferters^ 
 together with four pieces of cannon. 
 
 January 25. The Chevalier de VofTeil, with a 
 detachment of (i^ men, obliged 300 Prufllans to 
 lay down their arms.- He was afterwards made a 
 Lieutenant Colonel for his bravery and condu(5t. - 
 
 January 30. Mr. William Hay firft Lieutenant 
 and Commander (in the abfence of Captain Martin) 
 of the Danae of 36 guns, engaged a large French 
 fhip of force, yard arm and yard arm, for an hour 
 and an half ; the latter got off in a Ihatter'd condi- 
 tion with the lofs of numbers kill'd and wounded. 
 Seventy men were kiird and wounded on board of 
 the Danae. 
 
 'February^. An Auftrian detachment attack'd 
 L'Abadies independent Battalion at Grofs Parda 
 near Grimm, kill'd the greateft part of it, and 
 took many prifoners. , :' '.y--- 
 
 February 4. The citadel of Fort-Royal cfipitu- 
 lated to General Monckton and Admiral Rodney. 
 — Previoufly to this important event. General 
 Monckton order*d the Morne Tartenfon to be at- 
 tack d on the 24th of January at day-break. The 
 grenadiers under Brigadier Grant, fupported by 
 Lord Rollo*s brigade, charged the Enemy's ad- 
 vanc'd polls. Brigadier Rufane, with his brigade 
 and the Marines, attack'd the redoubts on the 
 right, along the coafts , 1000 feamen in the flat- 
 bottom'd boats, row'd up, as he advanc'd. The 
 light infantry under Lieutenant Colonel Scott, fup- 
 ported by brigadier Wallh's brigade, polTefs'd 
 
 them- 
 
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 I \ 
 
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 't: 
 
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 '4 
 
 
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 -«'' 
 
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 C24 Chroxological Annals 176^^ 
 
 themlclves of a plantation on the left, and got 
 round the French. — The attack was carried on 
 with fuch vigour and impetuoflty, that the troops 
 carried the itrong ^. 1 of Mdrne Tartenfon by nine 
 o* clock, the Enemy retir'd in the greatcit confix 
 fion to Fort Royal and Morne Gamier *, ibme of 
 the grenadier3 followed them to the bridge of the 
 Town, and brought off a few prifohers. The Ge- 
 neral, in purfuit of his plan, order'd Wallh's bri- 
 gade, and the divifion of greiiadiers under Grant, 
 to take a plantation more to the left ; Seott*s light- 
 infantry made themfelyes mafters of an advanta- 
 geous poft . oppofite to Morn© Gamier ; Brigadier 
 Haviland*s . corps fupported them on their right j 
 Walfh's brigade, and the grenadiers, communi- 
 cated with the latter \ and the Marines cover'd the 
 road between the iwo plantations. — This was the 
 fituation of things, when the General found it ab- 
 folutely neceffary to attack the Morne Gamier, 
 which extremely incommoded hirfi in his prepara- 
 tions for the fiege of the citadel Morne Gamier 
 (lands higher than Morne Tartenfon, from which 
 it is feparated only by a deep ravine cover*d with a 
 thick brufli, and by a rivulet in the bottom : art 
 and nature join'd to render it almoft impregnable. 
 The Enemy, on the 27th, prevented General 
 Monckton in his attempt, and march'd at four in 
 the afternoon, under the protection of their batte- 
 ries, againft the light-infantry and Haviland*s bri- 
 gade •, thefe repulsM the French immediately, 
 pafs'd the ravine at their heels, and (being rein- 
 forc'd by Wallh's brigade and Grant's grenadiers) 
 feiz'd the French batteries, and took poft. The 
 Enemy's regulars retir'd into the town und citadel. 
 The militia difpers'd themfelves in the country. The 
 Britifli troops avail'd themfelves of this terror and 
 confufion, and became entire mafters of Morne 
 
 ' Cnr 
 
1762< 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 225 
 
 Gamier by nine o* clock at night. — The citadel 
 being now commanded, the town in the pofleflion 
 of the troops •, and Morne Capuchin, at the fmall 
 diftance of 400 yards from the citadel, being after- 
 wards taken -, the garrifon to the number of 800 
 men, beat the chamade on the 3d of February, 
 and furrender'd the next day. The regulars were 
 put on board the fleet, to be fent to France ; the 
 other forces were made prifoners of war till the fi- 
 nal redudtion of the ifland. Thefe feveral att^ ;. 
 coft the French 1000 men, in kill'dj wounded, and 
 prifoners. The lofs of the Britifh troops amounted 
 to no more than 96 kiird including feven officers, 
 389 wounded including thirty two officers, and 
 eleven private men miffing. Four, rank and file, 
 died afterwards of their wounds. The gallant fai- 
 lors made no difficulty in carrying mortars and the 
 heavieft Ihip's cannon up fteep mountains, and 
 even acrofs the French line of fire. — • On the 7th 
 of February, Pidgeon ifland, one of the defences 
 of the harbour, furrender'd ; and nine quarters of 
 the ifland capitulated, on terms advantageous to the 
 inhabitants, and honourable "o the conquerors. 
 Fourteen ftout privateers were ^n in Fort-Royal 
 Bay ; and many more, in the q .ncrcnt ports of the 
 ifland, were to be delivered up, agreably to the ca- 
 pitulation. The artillery and ftores, taken in this 
 conqucft, were confidcrable. — The grenadiers in 
 three divifions, headed b/ the Lieutenant Colonels 
 Fletcher, Mafley, and Vaughan, together with the 
 light-infantry and rang-rs under the command of 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Scott, Major Leland, and Cap- 
 tain Kennedy, had the greateft fliare in the courfe 
 of this fuccels. Indeed all the troops that compos'd 
 this brave army, exerted the fame fpirit, which the 
 feveral corps of it had before fo providentially dif- 
 play'd, in the reduction of Louifburg, Crown- 
 
 P Point, 
 
 .'■!'1' 
 
 'i' : 
 
 1 1. 
 
 i« (.' \ a 
 
V' 
 
 226 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 Point, Qiiebec, Montreal, Guadaloupe, and Bel- 
 lifle. . , 
 
 February 4. The Adlaeon Captain Ourry, under 
 the Orders of Admiral Rodney, fell in with oflp 
 Tabago, and took, a large Spanifh (lore fhip of 
 800 tons burthen, laden with cannon, powder, 
 fmall arms, and ordnance ftores, for la Guayra. 
 
 February 9. Prince Lobkowitz diflodg'd the 
 Pruflians from Pegau, who loft, on that occafion, 
 about 400 men. The Auftrians had only 20 men 
 kill'd, 26 wounded, and 15 miffing. 
 
 February 11. The Boutin, a French Eaft-India 
 man of 460 tons, 1 89 men, and 20 guns, was taken 
 by the Blonde Ciptain Kennedy. She came from 
 the Mauritius, was laden with coffee and fome pep- 
 per, and afterwards fold for upwards of 23,000 
 pounds. ., 
 
 February 1 6. General Monckton took pofTefllon 
 of Fort St. Pierre and the reft of the Ifland of Mar- 
 tinico, in virtue of a capitulation form*d and fign'd 
 on the 13 th and 14. — The defedion of the in- 
 habitants, by compelling the furrender of the fort, 
 faved the town from deftrudtion. 320 grenadiers 
 march'd out with the honours of war, to be era- 
 bark'd immediately for France : M. le Vaflbr de la 
 Touche Governor General,. Monfieur Rouille 
 Lieutenant Governor, and the ftafF, were to follow 
 them foon after. In the forts. Royal and St. Pi- 
 erre, the redoubts, and the batteries, there were 
 found 436 pieces of ferviceable cannon of different 
 fizes, and 1463 ferviceable barrels of powder, in- 
 cluding fiird cartridges for cannon, together with 
 a proportionable quantity of all other ftores, am- 
 munition, 
 
1762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 227 
 
 munition, and implements of war. Few places, fo 
 ftrong and important as Martinico, have been en- 
 tirely fubdued withfuch an inconfiderable lofs on 
 the part of the vidlors. Soon after this conqueft, 
 the ifland of Santa Lucia furrender'd to Captain 
 Hervcy at difcretion. 
 
 February 19. The Dromedaire, a French Eaft 
 Indiaman, bound from Port L'Orient to the Ifle of 
 France, was wreck*d on St. Vincent, one of the 
 Cape de Verd Iflands. Out of 150 men, 86 only 
 were faved, among whom there were three officers. 
 
 February 20. The Auftrians and Imperialifts dif- 
 lodg*d the Pruffians from the poft of Lomatfch, 
 and burnt a magazine. 
 
 March 3. A Spanilh (hip, taken by the Rich- 
 mond, Captain Elphinftone, in her palTage to the 
 Weft-Indies, was brought into Madeira. This Ihip 
 came from the Havannah, and had, on board, 1 00 
 tons of Campeachy logwood, 2000 raw hides, and 
 about 70,000 dollars, befides indigo, coffee, and 
 bale goods. She was call'd II Caftill de la Marr, 
 and her Captain offered to ranfom her for 60,000 
 pounds fterling. 
 
 March 4 and 5. The Ifland of Grenada, toge- 
 ther with the Grenadillas and their dependencies, 
 furrender*d to Brigadier General Walfh and Com- 
 modore Swanton, upon the terms granted to Mar- 
 tinico. This conqueft was made without the lofs 
 of a man -, though the fort, and the intrench'd 
 hills above it, might have been more obftinately 
 defended. Brigadier Walfh afterwards took pof- 
 feflion of the ifland of St. Vincent. 
 
 .li 
 
 P 2 
 
 March 
 
 ;ii 1! 
 
 ''.'■•^^■:l 
 
 
 '>,\l' 
 
 '5, f tii?"t ;, 
 
 ■"': :& 
 
 t}^. 
 
228 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 ( '> ■wni m W ' < 
 
 I., ' .iaI:'M iW "11':' 
 
 
 1! frJ... ''■ ! 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 March 11. The St. Pried, a French Eaft-India 
 man, of 700 tons burthen, carrying 230 men, paf- 
 lengers included, bound from rhe Ifle of Bourbon 
 to Port L*Orient, was taken by the Valiant Com- 
 modore Keppel, (one of Sir George Pococke's fqiia- 
 dron) and brought into Plymouth, by the Burford, 
 Captain Ganibier. Her cargo confided principally 
 -of coffee and pepper. 
 
 March 13 and 14. A Spanidi frigate, call'd la 
 Ventura, of 26 guns (12 pounders) on one deck, 
 and 300 men, commanded by Captain Don Jofeph 
 de las Cafas, attacked, and was taken by, the Fowey 
 of 24 guns (nine pounders) having on board only 
 134 men, two of whom were fick and incapable of 
 fcrvice, Joieph Mead Efquire commander. The 
 frigate was on her return to the Havannah, from 
 whence fhe had been fent with money for the pay- 
 ment of the Catholick King's troops at Porto Rico 
 and St. Domingo. The engagement began at the 
 didance of fix or {tvtn leagues from Cape Tibe- 
 rone, and iadcd for about an hour and an half, 
 when both fliips fheer'd off to repair the damages 
 they had received -, at ten o' clock at night, Cap- 
 tain Mead bore down a fecond time upon the Ven- 
 tura, and exchang'd a few broadfides with her; 
 but the darknefs preventing him from forming a 
 fatisfa(flory judgment of her motions and didance, 
 he made fail to windward, and kept his men at 
 quarters to obferve her, as clofely as poflible, during 
 the night. On the dawn of the next morning, the 
 engagement was renewed for the third time, when 
 the Fowey went as near to the Ventura as ftie could 
 do, without falling on board of htrr : the difpute 
 was long, and well maintain*d ; at lad, about half 
 an hour pad eight, the Spanifli frigate druck her 
 
 CO- 
 
1762. Of thf War. 229 
 
 colours i flie was reduced almoft to a wreck, and 
 had receiv*d fcveral (hot between wind and water, 
 one of which was afterwards difcovei'd to have pe- 
 netrated into her magazine. The Fowey was lb 
 much damag'd in her niafts and rigging, that (he 
 was obliged to undergo a thorough repair at Ja- 
 maica. When the Ventura ftruck, neither fliip had 
 a boat that would fwim, or tackles left to hoilt one 
 out with. By nailing a tarpaulin over the (hot- 
 holes of a fmall boat, Captain Mead contriv'd to 
 get a Midfliipman and fix men on board the prize, 
 and to receive the Captain of the (hip, the Captain 
 of the foldiers, and fix or feven more priibners on 
 board the Fowey. The Midfliipman employ 'd good 
 ufage, and fome finefTe, to induce the Spaniards 
 to co-operate with him in bringing the Ventura 
 into Port- Royal harbour. The Venrura loft about 
 40 or 50 men in this action. The Fowey had 10 
 killed and 24 wounded -, two of the latter, died foon 
 afterwards of their wounds. The Lieutenant, two 
 Mates, and 24 private failors, were in the har- 
 bour. The Mafter got drunk, and difappointed 
 the Captain of his alTiftance, and the gunner was 
 wounded in the firft part of the engagement. Un- 
 der all thefe difadvantages, the capture of fo ftrong 
 a frigate, may be juftly reckon'd among the gal- 
 lant adions of the war. Mr. Mead, when he was 
 an inferiour Officer, ferv'd under Mr. Moftyn, and 
 was the inventor of a machine for cleaning a (liip's 
 bottom at fea, known to the failors by the name 
 of Mead's Hog. While he commanded the Crown 
 (lore (hip, he gave repeated proofs of his diligence 
 and condudt. He is the Author of a little pam- 
 phlet, intituled " ^n ejfay en currents at fea : " for 
 which he rcceiv*d the thanks of the Lords of the 
 Admiralty. 
 
 P 3 March 
 
 r 
 
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 1 
 
 
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 ! ;i,t!|l 
 
230 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 
 mmh ^4 ■ 
 
 March 1 7. The fquadron which failed from Bred 
 on the 24th of January, under the orders of the 
 Count de Blenac, arriv'd at Cape Franfois in Hif- 
 paniola. It was coinpos'd of one (liip of 80 guns, 
 three of 74, three of 64, three of 32, and one of 
 1 6-, and had on board, the regiments of Foix, 
 Quercy, and BouUonois, amounting to 2000 men, 
 commanded by the Vifcount de Belfunce, the Che- 
 valier de St. Croix, and the Count de la Tour Au- 
 vergne. The Dragon of 64 guns, belonging to 
 this fquadron, was loft in attempting to enter the 
 harbour, but the men, artillery, and ftorcs, were 
 faved. 
 
 yfpHl 3 and 4. The Huflar frigate attack'd four 
 iliips, lying under a fort in Tiberone Bay ; one of 
 them of 16 guns was burnt, another of 14 funk, 
 the third of 1 6, and the 4th of twelve, laden with 
 flour and indigo, were tut out, and carried into 
 Jamaica, The Huflar had one man kill'd and 12 
 wounded, The French, 17 kill'd and 35 wounded. 
 The crews of the Enemy's fliips, got on fliore in 
 their boats, during the engagement. 
 
 j4pril 6. General Luckner at the head of 1 600 
 horfe, came up with the Marquis de Lortange 
 who was retreating to Gottingen with 1 800 horfe 
 and 2000 foot, and immediately fell upon the 
 rear of this corps, kill'd 30, took 80 prifoners, 
 and brought of 100 horfes. About the fame time, 
 a French Officer and 50 Hufl*ars, were taken by 
 Major Wintzingerode, in the Country of Eichsfeld. 
 
 Jpril 19. The Caftle of Arenfberg, defended by 
 M. Muret, furrender'd at difcretion to the Here- 
 ditary Prince of Brunfwick. 231 men, exclufive of 
 
 pOffi- 
 
1762. 
 
 Of the War. ' 
 
 251 
 
 ores, were 
 
 9 Officers, were made prifoncrs, an(^ z€ pieces of 
 cannon taken. 
 
 May — The Huflar frigate Capain Carket be- 
 ing on a cruize off Hilpaniola, Kriuk upon the 
 fhore, and was loft : three men were drowned -, 
 the Captain and the reft of the crew were taken 
 prifoners. 
 
 May 5. A treaty of peace was fign'd at Peterf- 
 bourg, by the Baron de Goltze in the name of the 
 King of Pruflia, and by the Count dc Woron; of 
 Great-Chancellor, in the name of the Emperor of 
 RufTia. 
 
 May 7. The Achilles, Captain Teague, with a 
 cargo valued at 60 or 70,000 pounds, was burnt, 
 by accident, off Carthagcna. 
 
 May 9. By accounts receiv*d from Dufleldorp of 
 this date, it appeared that the Hereditary Prince of 
 Brunfwick had difpers'd the corps of M. Conflans 
 which was at Elberfeld, and had taken hoftages to 
 fecure the payment of thofe contributions, which 
 he had demanded of ciie Duchy of Berg. 
 
 May 9. A powder magazine having blown up 
 at Miranda de Douro, a city of Portugal in rh j pro- 
 vince of Tralos Montes, whilft the Marquis de 
 Sarria, commander of the Spanifh forces, was pre- 
 paring to befiege it ; the Portugueze Governor de- 
 termin'd to capitulate. Upwards of J>oo men, were 
 either deftroy'd by the explofion, or obliged to fur- 
 render prifoncrs of war. 
 
 May 12, 13, 14. Prince Henry of Pruflia fur- 
 priz'd the left wing of the Aultrians near Dobcln in 
 
 Saxony, 
 
 
 'It \ 
 
 Hi '4'..: <'t 
 
 ^ti. i 
 
 1 :s 
 
 at!* 
 
I if I' 
 
 ("i i-* 
 
 232 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 Saxony, and took General Zetwitz, 43 officers, 
 and 1536 men prifoners, together with three pieces 
 of cannon. He afterwards made himfelf mafter of 
 Freyberg, where he found a confiderable maga- 
 zine. The Auftrian General Maquire retir*d from 
 Freyberg to Dippoldfwalda. The account, receiv'd 
 in England, of fome fubfequent fuccefles, was ne- 
 ver confirm'd. 
 
 May 21. The A6live frigate Captain Sawyer, 
 and the Favourite floop Captain Pownal, took off 
 Cape St. Vincent, and carried into Gibraltar, the 
 Hermione, a Spanifh regifter (hip of 26 or 28 guns, 
 bound from Lima to Cadiz. On board this fliip 
 there were 2,600,000 hard dollars, regiftred for 
 the Court of Madrid. Her whole cargo was of an 
 immenfe value. ,, 
 
 May 2 1 . General de Luzinlky pofTefs'd himfelf 
 of Chemnitz, after having defeated the PrufTian 
 Major General de Bandemer, and taken one Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel, 14 Officers, and about five or fix 
 hundred private men prilbners. The Auftrians ob- 
 tain*d other confiderable advantages, on that day 
 and the 24th, near Wilfdruf j . 
 
 May 22. A treaty of peace was fign'd at Ham- 
 burgh, between the Kings of Sweden and Pruffia^ 
 by their refpedtive Plenipotentiaries. , 
 
 May 23. Portugal declared war againft Spain and 
 France ; and foon afterwards Spain declared war a- 
 gainft Portugal, 
 
 May 25. La Lagera, one of the King of Spain's 
 galleys was driven on fhore by the Warfpight, af- 
 
 -..,., terwards 
 
'V,-l 
 
 176a. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 233 
 
 terwards brought off by the Ihip's boats, and car- 
 ried into Gibraltar. 
 
 May 26. Lieutenant Colonel de Belgrady with 
 300 men, under the orders of Colonel Torreck, 
 fell upon three Pruflian fquadrons and 200 foot, 
 by furprize, near Freyberg •, kill'd many, made 
 near 80 prifoners, difpers*d the reft, and took all 
 their Baggage. 
 
 May 29. M. de Magyary attack*d a Pruflian poft 
 at Schluben, cut in pieces 2 1 men, made 69 pri- 
 foners, officers included, moft of them belonging 
 to the regiment of Dingelftedt, and took 145 
 horfes. 
 
 May 31. Major General M. de Kleefeld, under 
 the orders of General de Luzinfki, attack'd Colo- 
 nel Dingelftedt, near Gerinfwalde, and oblig'd him 
 to retreat to the poft of Waldheim, with the lofs 
 of 1 89 men made prifoners, including five officers. 
 The Auftrians had only 6 kill'd, and 40 wounded. 
 
 June 2. The Pruffian advanc'd pofts in Saxony, 
 were attacked by Marihal Serbelloni and General 
 Reid. According to letters from Prince Henry's 
 army, the Pruffians repulfed the enemy, with the 
 fmall lofs of 200 men -, but the Auftrian account 
 feem'd to be the moft authentic, which faid, that 
 the Ipfs of the Pruffians confifted in 3 Majors, 26 
 officers, and upwards of 450 private men made 
 prifoners, near 500 deferters, and two pieces of 
 cannon taken. 
 
 June — The garrifon of Tefchen in upper Sile- 
 fia, confifting of 200 men, furrcnder'd to the Pruf- 
 fian General Werner. 
 
 June 
 
 WW ,,■■■■ 
 
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 II 
 
 ...|f.,V, , 
 

 234 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 7««^ 10 and II. Colonel de Torreck made 60 
 Pruflian Huflars prifoncrs, near Mitweyda. 
 
 June 20. The Brilliant privateer. Captain Crich- 
 ton, together with the York privateer of Briftol, a 
 (loop of 10 three pounders, filenc'd a fort upon 
 Cape Finifterre, mounting two 18 pounders and 
 eight 9 pounders, ftruck the Spanifli, and hoiiled 
 Englifh colours, funk two veffels in the harbour, 
 and brought away fonr others laden with wine for 
 the Spanifh flc et at Ferrol. The privateers had 2 
 men kill'd and 12 wounded. - . 
 
 June 20. France declar'd War againft Portugal. 
 
 June 24. Prince Ferdinand furprifed and defeat- 
 ed the French army commanded by the Marlhals 
 D'Etrees and Soubife, in their camp at Graeben- 
 ftein. General Luckner with fix battalions of gre- 
 nadiers, four iquadrons of dragoons, and his own 
 regiment of Hufiars, marched from Hoilenfladt 
 near the Leinc to Mariendorf, formed between the 
 laft place and Udenhaufen, and attacked the Mar- 
 quis de Caftries in the rear, who was polled at 
 Carlfdorf to cover the right wing of the French : 
 at the fame time General Sporcken, with twelve 
 Hanoverian battalions and a body of cavalry, 
 charged this corps of the enemy in flank ; having 
 marched from Sielem, over the Dymel, and form- 
 ed between ITombrexen and Udenhaufen. The 
 Marquis de Caftries retired with fmall lofs •, and the 
 two 1-Ianoverian Generals continued their march, 
 in order to take the camp at Graebenltein both in 
 flank and rear : Lord Gran by with the referve un- 
 der his command, crolTed the Dymel at Warbourg, 
 an-d pafling by Zieremberg and Zieberlhaufen, pof- 
 
 feffed 
 
1762, 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 235 
 
 fefled himfelf of an eminence oppofite to Furflen- 
 wald, and was prepared to fall upon the enemy's 
 left wing : Prince Ferdinand palfed the Dymel, 
 marched through the Langenberg, and came upon 
 the centre of the French which occupied an advan- 
 tageous eminence. In this critical fituation, the 
 enemy ftruck their tents and retreated. M. de 
 Stainville preferved their whole army by throwing 
 himfelf into the woods of Wilhelmftahl, and facri- 
 ficing the flower of his infantry to cover the re- 
 treat. The grenadiers of France, the royal grena- 
 niers, and the regiment of Aquitane, fufi^ered fe- 
 verely in this adtion. M. Reidefel intirely routed 
 the regiment of Fitz- James, horfe. The Britifh 
 troops confifled of the grenadier guards, the firll, 
 fecond, and third battalions of guards, Welfh's and 
 Maxwell's grenadiers, Hodgfon's and Harrington's 
 regiments, Keith's and Campbell's Highlanders, 
 Frafer's ChalTeurs, the blues, and Elliot's horfe., 
 The firft battalion of grenadiers belonging to Co- 
 lonel Beckwith's brigade diftinguilh'd itfelf ex- 
 tremely. Lord Granby behaved with his ufual in- 
 trepidity, and had a great fhare in the vidory. The 
 lofs of the Allies amounted to 108 killed, 271 
 wounded, and 318 mifling ; in all, 6gj ; of whom 
 437 were Britifh. Two pieces of cannon and three 
 ammunition waggons were taken by the Enemy. 
 Some flandards and colours fell into the hands of 
 the Allies. Lieutenant Colonel Townlhend of 
 the firft regiment of Foot Guards, was the only 
 Officer of diflindlion who fell in this engagement. 
 The French retreated under the cannon of CalTel -, 
 and a great part of their army afterwards pafTed 
 haftily over the Fulda. They owned the lofs of 
 near 900 men killed and wounded •, and it appear- 
 ed, by an account in the London Gazette, that 
 the number of their prifoners amounted to 2732, 
 
 among 
 
 lA 
 
 If 
 
 '•l:|)>||',, :,.,■' ' <:i'' 
 
 ' 11 
 
 mm. \ 
 
 I I 
 
 
 
f'Bri^"'^^ 
 
 if! |il!fllJ', h* iM'^ 
 
 
 236 Chronological Annals iy6z. 
 
 among whom there were 5 Colonels of the grena- 
 diers of France, the Vifcount de Broglie, and 156 
 other Officers. The Chevalier de Narbonne Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel in the Royal grenadiers, was killed. 
 The Due de Picquigny and the Marquifles of 
 Peyne and la Roche Lambert were wounded. The 
 Chevalier de Muy and many general officers loft 
 their baggage. The corps de referve under Prince 
 Xavier of Saxony. mJch was encamped near Dranf- 
 feld in the terrii ry of Hanover, retired over the 
 Wcrra and joined the French main army, with the 
 lofs of its hofpital, baggage, medicines, and the 
 efcorte that conduced them. After the adion, 
 Prince Ferdinand occupied Fritzlar, Feltzberg, 
 Lohr, and Gudenfberg. - 
 
 June 25. The Hereditary Prince of Brunfwick 
 at the head of 400 horfe, attacked the French troop 
 of Conflans at Recklinghaufen, but was repuHed 
 with the lofs of 20 men killed and 200 taken pri- 
 loners. 
 
 June — Major General Grant, Commandant of 
 Neifle in Silefia, defeated an Auftrian corps near 
 Otmachau ; and made General Drafkowitz and fc- 
 vcral officers, together with 400 men, prifoners of 
 war. '-■ ;-' ■- •^•- -'• :: : ^ 
 
 ■ . • ■ -I- > .. "ji ■ ' 
 
 June 27. The Robufte of 74 guns, L'Eveille of 
 64, La Garonne of 44, and the Licorne of 30, to- 
 gether with a bomb ketch, landed a body of troops 
 under the Count de Hanfonville in the bay of Bulls 
 in Newfoundland ; and after pofleffing themfeivcs 
 of the fmall fettlement in that bay, they march'd 
 diredly for St. John*s Fort, which furrendered on 
 the 27th ; the garrifon and inhabitants capitulating 
 to be prifoners during the war, unlefs fooner ex- 
 changed, 
 
 .1 ' 
 
1762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 237 
 
 changed, and to be fcciire in their perfons and pro- 
 perties. Every thing in the Northern Harbors of 
 iervice to the fifliery was deftroyed. Thele fhips 
 commanded by M. de Tcrnay, fell in, on the ele- 
 venth of May, with the Eaft India, Weft India, 
 and North American fleets, under convoy of the 
 Superbe of 74 guns, the Gofport of 44, and the 
 Danae of 38 ; but the French, notwithftanding the 
 fuperiority of their force, declined an engagement; 
 in order to referve their full ftrength for the expe- 
 ilition againft Newfoundland. 
 
 July I. The "brigades of infantry and cavalry un- 
 der M. de Rochambeau near Hombourg, were at- 
 tacked and defeated by the brigade of the Britifh 
 grenadiers, Elliot's horfe, the Blues, and four Ha- 
 noverian fquadrons, all commanded by Lord 
 Granby. Elliot's regiment made the firil charge, 
 and was in great danger •, till Colonel Harvey at 
 the head of the Blues palfed the village of Hom- 
 bourg on full gallop, overthrew every thing in his 
 way, and came feafonably to its refcue. Thefe two 
 gallant regiments maintained an unequal combat 
 till the arrival of the infantry, when the Enemy re- 
 treated in the utmoft hurry. The lois of the Al- 
 lies in killed, wounded and taken, fell Ihortof 100 
 men ; that of the French was confiderable ; the 
 number of prifoners alone amounting to upwards of 
 250. Lord Frederic CavendilVs corps came up 
 during the retreat ; and the Huflars of Baver and 
 Reidefel pulh'd on to Rothenbourg, where they 
 deftroyed a confiderable magazine. The Colonels 
 Harvey and Erlkine, and the Majors Forbes and 
 Ainfley, diftinguifli'd themfelves greatly in this en- 
 gagement. 
 
 • €1 
 
 
 
 
 iijii: 
 
 I'l'v, .'r: ., 
 
 :•!. 
 
 
 
 ' ;!' 
 
 
 
 ,l.' -^ 
 
 
 ■ i.«-' 
 
 >b 
 
238 
 
 HRONOLOOICAL AnNALS 
 
 1762. 
 
 
 f m I 'Will' '• , ■■ 1 
 I I ;'a/'f ill, .;tf i i^ 
 
 July 2. Lieutenant Colonel Rledefel burnt 
 150,000 rations of hay, 40,000 rations of oats, 
 and carried off 70 fat oxen belonging to the 
 French. .... ; .. 
 
 July 3. The army under the Prince of Condc, 
 made Major Scheiter, two officers, and upwards of 
 120 men, p ri loners of war ; and afterwards took. 
 the little village of Rhene where they found ibme 
 fmall magazines. 
 
 July — Captain Bonell of the Harriot packet- 
 boat was attacked in his paflage from Nev/ York to 
 Falmouth, by a French privateer of a much fupe- 
 rior force lii guns and men, which he repulfed two 
 different times, and at laft got clear off. The poft- 
 office acknowledged the Captain's bravery by pro- 
 moting him to the command of a Lifbon packet, 
 and by making him a preftnt of 100 guineas which 
 he gcneroufly diilributed among the crew. 
 
 July 6. General Neuwiedt, or the Count de 
 Wied, made three unfuccefsful attacks upon the 
 Auftrian General Brentano, who guarded the de- 
 files of Adelfbach with 8000 men. The cannonade 
 continued from three in the morning till after eight. 
 His PrulTian Majefty was prefent, and much ex- 
 pofed during the whole attack : he loft upwards of 
 1000 men in killed, wounded, and prifoners. The 
 Baron de Tillier, Mr. de Riefe, and Mr. de Fa- 
 bris, diftinguilhed themfelves on the part of the 
 Auftrians. ^ ^. ' : ■ , . 
 
 July 6 and 7. According to accounts from the 
 French army, M. de Viomenil under the orders of 
 the Prince of Conde ruined, without the lofs of a 
 
 man, 
 
I' 
 
 1762. 
 
 burnt 
 of oats, 
 : to the 
 
 * Condis 
 wards of 
 rds took 
 ind lomc 
 
 r packet- 
 j York to 
 uch fupe- 
 ulfed two 
 The poft- 
 •y by pro- 
 in packet, 
 leas which 
 
 Count de 
 upon the 
 1 the de- 
 ;annonade 
 ter eight. 
 Imuch ex- 
 pwards of 
 ers. The 
 r. de Fa- 
 ,rt of the 
 
 from the 
 
 orders of 
 
 lofs of a 
 
 man, 
 
 1762- 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 w. 
 
 239 
 
 man, many magazines of the allied army upon the 
 lower Embs and the Haze, to the amount of 76 
 loaded waggons, 62,800 lacks of grain, 46,880 
 facks of oats, and 400,000 rations of hay. I'he to- 
 tal lofs was computed at four millions of livres. A 
 \^ery fmall party of the French deftroy'd, foon af- 
 tt Twards, one of the largeft magazines on the 
 HiTibs, confining of near two millions of rations of 
 forage. 
 
 July 7. The Count de Wied penetrated to 
 Weifle in Bohemia, and made 300 Auftrians pri- 
 foners. 
 
 July 7. The corps under General de Brentano 
 on their march to cover Braunau, engaged a fu- 
 periour number of Pruflians near Ditterfbach -, kill- 
 ed many men, and took feveral prilbners, with lit- 
 de lofs on their fide. 
 
 July — The Count de Vaux attacked and de- 
 feated a large party of M. de Luckner's corps near 
 Uflar; made one Lieutenant Colonel, one Cap- 
 tain, and 8 1 private men prilbners, and took many 
 horfes. 
 
 July — The French Partizan Monet with his 
 whole corps was taken by General de Luckner, at 
 SchafFhoff, at the diftance of 200 paces from Caf- 
 iel. . . ; 
 
 July 9. The Emprefs of RufTia was declared 
 reigning Sovereign and Autocratrix of that exten- 
 five Empire, in the room ot her hufband Peter the 
 third. 
 
 July 
 
 ii'' . 
 
 I'" 
 
 f 
 
 i;: 
 
 I: 
 
 A . +■ 
 
 
 
 I. { 
 
 ''V "v" A 
 
 ft* 
 
 » 
 
240 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 t' ' ■ 
 
 i Ji'tyv^a 
 
 ill '§m li ^-1' 
 
 M< 'Mi 'I, h- 
 
 r'u SW$ If ^ • 
 
 
 Mmim 
 
 -^ 
 
 • 
 
 m 
 
 July 10. The Marquis de Chamborant dcftroyed 
 pa It of the Britilh bakery and provifion waggons 
 near Warbourg *, rendered 20 horfcs unfit for fer- 
 virc, took 210, and made the Englilh Commiffary, 
 together with 83 other perfons, prifoner of war. 
 
 July 10 and 11. The Pruffian irregulars fet fire 
 to, and pillaged, the towns of Jaronnirz and Ko- 
 nigfgratz in Bohemia. A large magazine, and fome 
 fmall ones, were burnt or deftroyed at the latter 
 place. 
 
 July 1 1 . The Caftle of Waldeck, eleven leagues 
 from Caflel, fui rendered to General Conway, and 
 the garrifon of 1 60 men capitulated on the terms 
 of not ferving againft Great-Britain or her Allies for 
 one year. > •< • 
 
 July 12 and 13. Five hundred marines of Com* 
 modore Young's fquadron made a defcent upon the 
 bankb of the river Orne in lower Normandy, with 
 a defign to deftroy 13 veflels guarded by two bat- 
 teries at the mouth of that river : they fucceeded 
 in nailing up the cannon of the batteries, but were 
 obliged £0 reimbark without making any attempt 
 upon the velTels. 
 
 July 16 and 17. M- de Valliere took 400 horfes 
 from the Allied army, and entirely defeated one of 
 their detachments near Ulfen. .' • 
 
 July 18. The Pruflian General Kleift attacked 
 General Plunket near Einfiedel, took 500 pri- 
 foners, and obliged him to retire to Auflig. ■■-'■ 
 
 Jul, 
 
 ».. 
 
J762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 241 
 
 July 21. Five Tranfports, being Part of the fe- 
 cond divifion from New York for the Havannah, 
 having on board 350 regulars of Anftruther's re- 
 giment and 1 50 provincials, were taken near the 
 paflTage between Maya Guanna and the North 
 Caicos, by two French (hips of the line, three fri- 
 gates and fix fail of brigantines and (loops. 
 
 Junezi, The King of PrufTia attacked and made 
 himfelf mafter of the fortified heights and Villages 
 where the right of Mar(hal Daun*s army was pofted 
 under M. de Brentano. The Auftrians loft a bat- 
 tery of 14 cannons at Ditmanfdorf, and near 1000 
 men were made prifoners in the feveral attacks, 
 1000 deferters returned to the Pru(rian Colours. 
 The King of Pru(rja's lofs was comparatively in- 
 condderable. The Auftrians eftimated their own 
 at near 1400 men and 13 pieces of cannon of dif- 
 ferent bores. Schweidnitz was left to be defended 
 by its proper force. The Ru(rians were not in this 
 adtion, but remained quiet in their camp. 
 
 > ■ ■ '• ' 
 
 July 21. General Seidlitz came up with the ar- 
 my of the Empire near Averbach, obliged one 
 part to retire to Plaven and the other to Eyben- 
 ftock, made upwards of 300 men prifoners, and 
 took a quantity of baggage. 
 
 July 23. A body of Hanoverian and Heflian 
 Troops under the command of the Generals Zaf- 
 trow and Gilfen, defeated part of the right wing 
 of the French army intrenched at Lutterberg and 
 commanded by the Count de Luface. The Allies 
 marched through the Fulda up to their wafts, clam- 
 bered up the mountain, took four palifaded re- 
 doubts, and drove the Saxons from all their in« 
 
 Q^ trenchmentl. 
 
 ■'■'I, 
 
 1' im -i 
 
 :"f'!i.|:; I 
 
 II it 
 
 I 
 ■ I ' 
 
 
 
2^2 Chronological Annals i'/62t 
 
 trenchments. In the mean time Major General 
 Wakhaufen gained the rear of their right flank, 
 and took or deftroyed a whole regiment of Saxon 
 horfe. ^he Enemy had many men killed in this 
 gallant attack, and i loo were made prifoners ; a- 
 mong the latter was the Prince of Ifenbourg. 
 1 3 pieces of cannon and two ftandards were taken. 
 Prince Frederic of Brunfwic entered and demolifbed 
 the llrong lines on the heights of Kratzberg, which 
 were abandoned by the French upon the defeat of 
 the Count de Luface. The enemy in their account 
 of this afl^air deminifhed their own number and 
 lofs, and almoft claimed the viftory. They de- 
 clared pofitively that they had taken, on their part, 
 near 300 prifoners. The intrepidity and fpirit of 
 the Allies cannot be difputed on this occafion •, but 
 their fuccefs was not attended, at that time, with 
 any very advantageous confequences. 
 
 July 23. The Prince of Bevern and Genera! 
 Werner abandoned Troppau and Gratz. 
 
 July 23. The Pallas Captain Clements, attacked 
 two Spanilh Chebecks at the entrance of the Bay 
 of Cadiz, one of which was of 34 guns and the 
 other of 24, and obliged them both to Ihelter 
 themfelves under the cannon of their own forts 
 with confiderable lofs. ;. ..• ■ • 
 
 July 23. The auxiliary corps of Ruffians com- 
 manded by Genferai de Czernichef, having fepa- 
 rated itfelf from the PrulTian army, repafTed the 
 Oder at Auras on their return to the Viftula. 
 
 ' July 24. The Chefterfield of 44 guns and four 
 ' tranfports ran on Cayo Confite, the entrance of the 
 •Baharia ftreights on the Cuba fide, an hour before 
 
 day- 
 
 ■ uJ 
 
t^ 
 
 1762, 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 243 
 
 day-light, and were ftranded; all he fcamen and 
 troops got on (hore, and were afterwards tranf- 
 ported fafe to the Havannah. 
 
 'July 25. Prince Ferdinand marched up to the 
 main Body of the French army with an intention 
 to attack them j but finding their poruion too 
 ftrong, he drew off his Troops after a cannonade 
 of two hours. The French repafled the Fulda in 
 the night according to Prince Ferdinand's expeda- 
 tions, and Lord Granby took pofTefTion of the 
 heights of Melfungen, a poft which the enemy 
 had declared to be impregnable. 
 
 'July 25. General Stainville with four regiments 
 of Dragoons fell into an ambufcade at Morfchen. 
 Thefe regiments were routed and difperfed with 
 great lofs by General Freytag, whofe troops made 
 a confiderable booty on the occafion. 
 
 July 25. General Luckner made himfelf mafler 
 of Fulda, took 200 prifoners, and carried off a 
 booty confiding of 300 oxen, a confiderable 
 quantity of wine, and a contribution of 70,000 
 florins. 
 
 July 28. The Count de Stainville defeated 400 
 light troops of the Allies near Vacha. 
 
 July — Meff". de Rochechouart and de Lof- 
 tanges difperfed a detachment of the Allies near 
 Uflar, and made near 200 prifoners : they after- 
 wards divided their forces, and took or deftroyed, 
 at Carllhaven and Beverungen, one magazine and 
 29 large boats laden with provifions. About the 
 fame time Mr. de Verteuil ruined another maga- 
 zine at Brackel, and took 120 horfes together 
 
 0^2 with 
 
 ; I 
 
 \c\ \ 
 
244 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 with 60 foldicrs and fome officers. The Bajru du 
 Blaifcl marched from Gieflcn to Amoeneburg, ^nd 
 furprifcd 400 of the Allies whom lie made pri 
 foners of war. 
 
 Auguft 2. The French made an unfucccfsful at- 
 tack, at Neu-merflcn, upon the troops command- 
 ed by General Freytag. 
 
 Auguft 2. ThePruflians to the number of 12000 
 under the command of the Generals Scidlltz and 
 Kleill, attacked the Prince of Loweftein at the head 
 of 8000 Auftrians near the village of Gradrop at a 
 fmall diftance from Toplitz in Bohemia. After a 
 warm difpute, the former were obliged to retire 
 with the lofs of 500 killed, between 3 and 400 
 made prifoners, and 400 deferters. General Kleift 
 renewed the attack the next day but with the fame 
 bad fuccefs ; upon which he evacuated Bohemia. 
 The Pruffians gave a different account of this af- 
 fair ; afTerting that they engaged the enemy with 
 an inferiour force, that they had taken 400 men 
 prifoners, and that their whole lofs in killed, 
 wounded, and mifling, amounted only to 200 
 men. The Auftrian relation appeared to be the 
 mofl credible. 
 
 Auguji 2, 3, 4. The PrufTians plundered the town 
 of Dux in Bohemia ; the damages they occafioned 
 to the inhabitants amounted to 80,000 florins with 
 little advantage to themfelves. 
 
 Auguft 4. The Tyger frigate Captain Fabre, 
 from St. Domingo for Bourdeaux, of 26 nine 
 pounders and near 240 men, valued at between 
 two and three millions of livres, v/as taken by the 
 King George privateer Captain Read of 26 nine 
 ; . ■ • pounders 
 
1762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 245 
 
 pounders and 1 30 men, after an engagement of 
 two hours and an half. The Tyger had about 80 
 men killed and wounded *, the King George only- 
 three killed and thirty two wounded. This im- 
 portant Service was not the firll which the gallant 
 Captain Read had rendered to his Country. 
 
 Mgufl 7. Eight hundred Men under the Count 
 (le Stainville threw red hot balls into the caftle of 
 Friedwaldc, made the garrifon of 50 men priibners 
 of war, plundered the village, and dripped the in- 
 habitants of all their fubftance. This caftle is three 
 leagues diftant from Hirfchfeld. 
 
 jiuguji — The St. Peter, a packet of 14 guns 
 and 60 men, bound from St. Sebaftians to the Ca- 
 raccas, was taken by the Dreadnought privateer of 
 Briftol. 
 
 ■>*f 
 
 Auguft 7.. Prince Frederic of Brunfwick poflefled 
 himfelf of Muhlhaufen, Efchwege, and Wanfried, 
 behind the French army. 
 
 Auguft 7 and 8. M. de Conflans attacked the 
 town and redoubt of Pattenberg, took pofleflion 
 of that poft, and made 72 men prifoners of war. 
 
 Auguft 8. Eight battalions of regulars and 1000 
 Croats Tallied out upon the Prufllans before Schweid- 
 nitz, routed the battalion of Falkenhayn, made 
 the Colonel and fome officers prifoners, and killed 
 and wounded 100 men. 
 
 Auguft 9. Lieutenant General D'AfFry made 
 himfelf matter of the caftle of Ulrichftein, and the 
 garrifon of no men furrendercd at difcretion. 
 
 0.3- 
 
 Auguft 
 
 
 
 "I; n '' 
 
 I. '\ 
 
 'V ): 
 
 ;;!^' ^ 
 
 m- S: 
 
 .^r| 
 
 lit-' 
 
 t 
 
 n 
 
 1 '■. 
 
 lie! 
 
 > i ' 
 
 ,".. » |. .^ii ,V| 
 
 M 
 
 IMi 
 
 ■tm 
 
 MKt 
 
■^..: 
 
 
 'f ill ;]:'«■':■' ^*| 
 
 
 m 
 
 246 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 Au^u/i 10. M. de Conflans carried Frankenberg 
 by aflault, made 143 men prifoners, three officers 
 included, and tc>ok four pieces of cannon. 
 
 Jugufl — M. dc Rome, under the orders of the 
 Marquis de Loflanges, took at Stadt-Worbes five 
 officers, 133 grenadiers, 26 horfes, the mihtary 
 cheft of the Turkifh regiment, and many car- 
 riages loaded with bread ibr the Allies. 
 
 Augttjl 13. The Havannah, with all its depen- 
 dencies, and the fhips of war and merchandize in 
 the harbour, furrendered by capitulation to Sir 
 George Pocock and the Earl of Albemarle. Sir 
 George palled through the old ftrejghrs of Bahama 
 with his whole fquadron, confifting of 19 fhips of 
 the line, feveral frigates, and a large number of 
 tranlports, between the 27 th of May and the even 
 ing of the 5th of June. On the 2d of June the 
 Alarm, Captain Almes, engaged and took the 
 Thetis of 22 guns 180 men, and the Phoenix ftore- 
 fhip of 18 guns y^ men, together with a brigan- 
 tine and a Ichooner, all bound to Segoa in the 
 Streights, to load with timber for the ufe of the 
 fleet at the Havannah. The Thetis had 10 men 
 killed and 14 wounded; the Alarm 7 men killed 
 and 10 wounded. The army under Lord Albe- 
 marle landed on the 7th of June without oppofi- 
 tion between two forts on the rivers Bocanao and 
 Coximar, about fix miles to the eaftward of Moro 
 Caftle. Captain Hervey in the Dragon filenced 
 Coximar Caftle and enabled the army to pafs that 
 river unmolefted. On the 8 th a fmall corps under 
 Colonel Carleton repulfed and difperfed the Spanilh 
 regiments of Edinburgh dragoons, two companies 
 of grenadiers and many officers, together with a 
 
 body 
 
1762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 247 
 
 body of militia on horfeback, the whole amount- 
 ing to near 6000 men advantageoufly pofted upon 
 a rifing ground between the Britifli army and the 
 village of Guanamacoa. On the nth the fort of 
 Chorera (on the weft fxde) was abandoned by the 
 Spaniards after having been battered by the BelliQe 
 Captain Knight ; and Colonel Carleton attacked a 
 redoubt upon the Cavannos (an Hill above Moro 
 Caftle) which he carried with little refiftance and 
 lofs : A poft was eftablilhed here under the name 
 of the Spanifli Redoubt. By the 12th the Spa- 
 niards had funk three fhips of the line i-^. the en- 
 trance of the harbour's mouth, by which it was 
 efFc(ftually blocked up and fecured. On the 15th 
 a detachment of 1200 men under Colonel Howe 
 and 800 marines under the Majors Campbel and 
 Collins were landed and encamped at Chorera a- 
 bout feven miles to the weftward of the Havannah, 
 where they engaged the attention of the enemy and 
 proved of confiderable fervice. After the previous 
 and neceflary preparations were compleated, which 
 employed the time of the army from the 12th of 
 June to the firft of July, the artillery began to play 
 upon Moro Caftle. The enemy landed on the 
 29th of June two detachments from the Havannah 
 of 500 men each, confifting of grenadiers and cho- 
 fen troops together with armed Negroes and Mu- 
 lattoes, to interrupt the befiegers in th^ir opera- 
 tions. One of thefe detachments marched upon 
 the right under the Moro •, the other upon the left 
 near the Lime-kiln, where the Befiegers had raifcd 
 one or two batteries to remove the fhipping to a 
 greater diftancc which had annoyed them conlidera- 
 hly : the picquets and advanced ports repuUld 
 thefe detachments, wounded mawy, and killed or 
 took ptifoners 200 men, with the lofs only of in 
 men killed and wounded on iheii ride. On the full 
 
 of 
 
 M'!!!"! 
 
 ..■..■ii,'^ !i 
 
 
 
i 
 
 248 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 of July the Cambridge of 80 guns. Dragon of 74, 
 and Marlborough of 66, all under the command 
 of Captain Hervey, attacked the north-eaft part of 
 Moro Caftle for the fpace of near fix hours, when 
 they were called off. The two former fhips re- 
 ceived great damage frorr the height of . the fort, 
 whill^ the fort itfelf fuffered very little from their 
 fire. This- attack divided the attention of the gar- 
 rifon, and enabled the army to obtain a fuperiority 
 of guns on the land fide. Captain Gooftry of the 
 Cambridge was killed in the beginning of the en- 
 gagement ; and his place was fupplied by Captain 
 Lindfay of the Trent, who acquitted himfelf with 
 honour during the remainder of the adion. The 
 condu(5l of Captain Campbell of the Stirling Caftle 
 was cenfured by Captain Hervey, and ordered to 
 be examined into by a court martial. 42 Teamen 
 were killed and 140 wounded in this defperate fer- 
 vice. Captain Mackenzie of the Defiance brought 
 the Venganza frigate of 26 guns and the Marte of 
 18 out of the harbour of Port Mariel, after fome 
 firing, All but 20 men had left them. I'he har- 
 bour of port Mariel is about feven leagues to the 
 leeward of Chorera, and was afterwards talcen pof- 
 feffion of by Sir George Pocock as a place of lecu- 
 rity for the fliipping againft the dangers of the fea- 
 fon, in which he was at that time advanced. A 
 fchooner loaded with coffee, and bound from Hif- 
 paniola to New Orleans, fell into the hands of the, 
 cruizers belonging to the fleet. On the 2d of July 
 the grand battery caught fire, and the labour of 
 5 or 600 men for feventeen days was deftroyed. 
 Had not this accident intervened, the caftle would 
 probably have been reduced in a ftiort time. On 
 the nth the merlons of the grand battery again 
 caught fire, and the whole was irreparably con- 
 ^jpcd, AiTjidft thcie diificulties, and the uninter- 
 ; rupted 
 
1762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 249 
 
 rupted communication which the caftle maintained 
 with the town of the Havannah and the Ihips, to- 
 gether with the nature of the foil which was all 
 rocky, and the confequent neceflity of carrying on 
 all the approaches above ground, the fiege proved 
 a work of time. From the 17th to the 22d the 
 befiegers proceeded againft the Moro by fap and 
 mines. About four in the Morning of the 22d, 
 fifteen hundred men made a fally from the Havan- 
 nah, divided into three parties ; two of thefe par- 
 ties were repulfed and driven back into the town ; 
 the third retreated without venturing upon an en- 
 gagement. Lieutenant Colonel Stuart of the 90th 
 regiment at the head of 30 men only, fuftained the 
 attack of one of thefe parties for an hour, when 
 he was fupported by about 100 fappers and the 3d 
 battalion of royal Americans. The lofs of the Spa- 
 niards was computed at near 400 men in killed, 
 drowned and taken : That of the Britifli troops 
 amounted to about 50 killed and wounded •, Bri- 
 gadier Carleton was among the latter. On the 
 26th a two decked Spanifh merchant fhip was 
 funk by an Howitzer-, and on the 28th a large 
 merchant Ihip was deftroyed by lightening in ti.e 
 harbour. The works were continued from the ,' ^d 
 to the 30th, and the ufual advances were made, 
 ftep by ftep •, on the 30th two mines were fprung; 
 one in the counterfcarp, the other in the right 
 baftion ; the lattej had the moll confiderabie effeifl, 
 and made a practicable breach. Orders were im- 
 mediately given for the aflault. Twenty two of- 
 ficers, 15 ferjeants, and 281 rank and file com- 
 manded by the gallant Lieutenant Colonel Stuart 
 of the 90th regiment, together with 150 fappers 
 under a Captain's command j all fuftained by 1 7 
 officers, 14 ferjeants, and 150 rank and file, making 
 in the whole 499 men •, mounted with the greateS 
 
 refo- 
 
 , ' .,'!^:' .'( 
 
 mil;.?,! 
 
 ■Hi 
 
 •■[■'.'■> ii 
 
 'I'M' :♦ 
 
 , 'it 
 
 
 U\l 
 
 '■I 
 
 iiiiii 
 
 
 
m 
 
 m. 
 
 .'■ I .; '■ 
 
 250 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 refolution, formed expcditloufly on the top of the 
 breach, drove the enemy from every p^rt of the 
 ramparts, and planted his Majcfty's ftandard upon 
 the baftion. Thus fell Moro Caftle after a fiege 
 of 29 days. Of the Spaniards, Don Louis de Ve- 
 lafco. Captain of the Reyna, Colonel and Com- 
 mander in chief of the caftle, was mortally wound- 
 ed in defending the colours fword in hand •, a brave 
 officer, defervedly regretted both by friends and ene- 
 mies ; the Marquis Gonzales Captain of the Aqui- 
 lon. Colonel and fecond in command in the caftle, 
 was killed ; their lofs in the aflault amounted to 
 343 killed or drowned, 37 wounded, and 326 made 
 prilbners •, in all, 706. The lofs of the Britifli 
 troops was trifling, confifting in 14 killed and 28 
 wounded. On the loth of Auguft in the morning, 
 the batteries being prepared to play from the Ca- 
 vannos on the eaft fide, and ground being ready 
 to be opened on the weft fide. Lord Albemarle 
 fummoned the Governor of the Havannah to capi- 
 tulate, who returned a civil but refolute anfwer-, 
 the next day, the artillery men and failors filenced, 
 in about fix hours, all the guns in the Punta Fore 
 and the north baftion of the town. The Governor 
 hung out a white flag and beat a parley. The ca- 
 pitulation was figned on the 13th, by which the 
 town of Havannah with all its dependencies fur- 
 rendered to his Majefty's arms •, all fliips in the 
 harbour, all money and effects ivhaiever belong- 
 ing to the King of Spain •, all the artillery, arms, 
 ammunition, and naval ftores without referve, and 
 all the Catholick King's flrves, were to be deli- 
 vered up to Sir George Pocock and Lord Albe- 
 marle •, the regular troops, Tailors and marines, all 
 making part of the garrilbn, were to be tranf- 
 ported to the neareil port of old Spain at the ex- 
 pence of his Britannic Majefty, and the mijitia 
 
 were 
 
1762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 251 
 
 were to deliver up their arms to the Commiflary 
 appointed to receive them. The Tigre, Reyna, 
 Soverano, Infante, and Aquilon of 70 guns, the 
 America, Conqueftado, San Genaro and Santo 
 Antonio of 60 guns, fell into the hands of 
 the conquerors ; the Neptuno of 70, the Afiu 
 of 64, and the Europa of 60, were funk in the 
 entrance of the harbour ', there were two more (hips 
 of war on the blocks, and feveral merchant fhips 
 The regulars who capitulated, were compofed of 
 the fecond regiment of Spain, the fecond regiment 
 of Arragon, the Havannah regiment, artillery 
 companies, Edingburgh and Havannah dragoons, 
 amounting to -936, exclulive of the prifoners on 
 board the men of war, and the fick and wounded 
 on fhore. In the courfe of the fiege, the lofs of 
 the Britifli troops confifted in eleven officers, 15 
 fergeants, 4 drummers, and 260 rank and file 
 killed ; 19 officers, 49 fergeants, 6 drummers, and 
 ^y6 rank and file wounded; 39 officers, 14 fer- 
 geants, eleven drummers, and 632 rank and file 
 dead of difeafes and the climate -, and one fergeant, 
 4 drummers, with 125 rank and file miffing; 4 
 officers, I drummer, and 51 rank and file died 
 of their wounds. The whole amounted to 1822. 
 The officers of note were, the Lieutenant Colo- 
 nels Thomas, Gordon, and Leith ; the Majors 
 M' Neil, Mirrie, and Perron ; the Captains Suttie, 
 Tyrwhitt, Schaak, M* Donald, Menzies, Crofton, 
 Windus, and Goreharn dead ; Captain Strachey 
 killed'. Brigadier Carleton and t!->. Captains Bal- 
 four, Morris, Spendlovc and Gordon, wounded. 
 351 pieces of brafs and iron ordnance were found 
 in the More Caftle, Punta, and the town of Ha- 
 vannah. Major General Keppel commanded the 
 attack of the Moro Caftle. Sir George Pocock, 
 Commodore Keppel, Lieuteaant-General Elliot, in 
 
 par- 
 
 \-M'^''\ 
 
 1 " . 
 
 ■i ■ 
 
 "^ 
 
 
 ^v-^l|« 
 

 • * ■ f 
 
 
 (i- 
 
 111 ,:^^i 
 
 25^ Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 particular j and, in general, every officer, foldier. 
 and failor, carried on the fervice with the greateft 
 fpirit and zeal. The feamen chearfully affifted in 
 landing cannon and ordnance ftores, manning bat- 
 teries, making fafcines, and fupplying the army 
 with water. The unanimity which fubfifted be- 
 tween the army and fleet cannot be better defcribed 
 than in Sir George Pocock's own Words. "In- 
 " deed," fays he, " it is doing injuftice to both, to 
 *' mention them as two corps ; fince each has en- 
 •* deavoured, with the moft conftant and chearful 
 " emulation, to render it but one ; uniting in the 
 " fame principles of hononr and glory for their 
 " King and Country's fervice." This capture of 
 1 2 great (hips of the line, ( including the three 
 which were funk ) befides two men of war on the 
 (locks, three frigates, and an armed ftoreftiip, was 
 a mors fevere blow to Spain than that which ihe 
 felt from England in 1718, when Sir George Byng 
 and Captain Walton took or burnt off Cape Paffaro 
 and on the coaft of Sicily, one fhip of 74 guns, one 
 of 70, four of 60, two of 54, one of 44, three of 
 40, one of 36, one of 30, and one of 24 •, in all, 
 15 : And if the fituation of the Havannah, and the 
 treafure found in it, are confidered •, perhaps it 
 may be fafely affirmed, that the Spaniards have 
 not fuffered fuch a fenfible and humiliating lofs 
 fmce the defeat of their celebrated Armada. — An 
 account of the killed and wounded feamen had not 
 been collected, v'her the exprels left the Havan- 
 nah. — The na row pafs ber-veen the town and 
 caftle having bcci clofely watcned, a letter was in- 
 tercepted from the Governor of the former to the 
 Governor of the latter, defiring him to maintain 
 himfcif m the pofieflion of the caftle, and expreff- 
 ing hiS' own inability to make any defence. After 
 the caftle was gallantly taken by affault, Lord Al- 
 bemarle 
 
 t) :* 
 
 :'} ( 
 
1762, 
 
 Of THiE War. 
 
 253 
 
 bemarle acquainted the Governor of the town that 
 he had been well informed of the \Veak ftat» of the 
 place, and that it would fave much bloodflied to 
 furrender -, this was refufed. Lord Albemarle af- 
 terwards fent his own letter to him, which imipc- 
 diately brought on the capitulation. 
 
 j^uguft 16. The corps of the Duke of Bevern 
 polled upon the heights of Peile beyond Reichen- 
 bach, was attacked about 5 o' clock in the after- 
 noon by 33 battalions, eleven regiments of caval- 
 ry, and three of HulTars, commanded by the Ge- 
 nerals Beck, Brentano, Lafcy, and Odonel, under 
 the orders of Marfhal Daun : the view of the Au- 
 flrians was to relieve Schweidnitz. The Duke of 
 Bevern maintained his ground with refolution, till 
 the King of Pruflia came in Perfon to his afllftance, 
 with 30 battalions and 8 fquadrons. His Majefty 
 charged and defeated the five regiments of cavj:'.lry 
 under General Odonel, after a warm and obftinate 
 difpute. Night coming on, the Auftrians aban- 
 doned their defign. According to the Pruflian 
 account, the total lofs of the Auftrians exceeded 
 2000 men. Five ftandards fell into the hands of 
 the conquerors. The Auftrians aflerted that, on 
 their part, they had taker! 500 prifoners, and two 
 pieces of cannon, and reduced their own lofs to 1 7 
 officers wounded or prifoners, 131 private men 
 killed, 354 wounded, and 336 miffing, in all 
 1838. They owned that the Pruffians had made 
 ihcmfelves matters of three ftandards. It was faid 
 that General Lauhdon commanded the vanquiihed 
 troops. 
 
 Auguft 16. The garrifon of Gottingen deftroyed 
 the fortifications of that place, and retired to Wit- 
 zenhaufcn ; having firft fet fire to the powder ma- 
 gazine. 
 
 
 
 !;)i 
 
 I.' 
 
 m 
 
 ii 
 
 
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 '■4llini'!li-* 
 
 ^54 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 gazine, by the exploHon of which 50 Saxons were 
 killed. The enemy left in Gottingen three brafs 
 guns and a great quantity of ammunition of all 
 kinds. 
 
 I I 
 
 Auguft 17. The French abandoned Munden in 
 the night. 
 
 Juguft — M. Conflans was diflodged from Pad- 
 L?rg or Pattenberg by Colonel Riedefel, with the 
 loi's of a Captain, feventy private men, and many 
 horfes. 
 
 Auguft 22. The hereditary Prince of Brunfwick 
 charged the vanguard of the Prince of Conde un- 
 der the orders of M. de Levis. The French loft 
 about 150 men on this occafion. 
 
 Auguft 25. The Marquis d'Auvet bombarded 
 Ham, ruined feveral houfes, and retreated upon 
 the approach of 4000 men from the allied army. 
 
 Auguft 25. The Prince of Conde gained an in- 
 con fiderabie advantage over the hereditary Prince 
 of Brunfwick, and obliged him to retreat after a 
 fmart cannonade, with the lofs of three field 
 pieces. 
 
 Auguft 25. The principal operations of the Spa- 
 niardo; from their firfl invafion of Portugal to this 
 date, may be related in few words. They made 
 themfelves mafters of Miranda, Braganza, Torre 
 di Moncorvo, and Chaves. They demolilhed the 
 fortifications of the two former cities, and left a 
 flrong garrifon in the latter. They divided their 
 forces, which were in the Province of Tras-os- 
 Montcs, into three parts -, the principal body was 
 
 en- 
 
pmbarded 
 Lted upon 
 d army. 
 
 led an in- 
 ;ry Prince 
 lat after a 
 hree field 
 
 1762* 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 255 
 
 encamped near Miranda •, the fecond, confifting of 
 5000 men, at Torre di Moncorvo ; the third of 
 the fame number near Chaves. Another corps of 
 8000 men entered the Portugeze frontier near AI- 
 meyda •, this corps fufFercd by defertion, and its 
 detached parties were often repulfed by the militia 
 of the country. The fummer months in that warm 
 climate are unfavourable to military expeditions ; 
 and the Spaniards could do little more than chaf- 
 tife the peafants of feveral villages, whofe natural 
 averfion overcame the oath of obedience which they 
 had taken, and who did ev ry thing in their power 
 to cut off the convoys of provifions defigned for 
 their camp : ^hefe^ and the Portugueze companies 
 called auxiliaries, were eafily defeated and dif- 
 perfed. At laft the Spaniards formed the fiege of 
 Almeyda, a frontier town in the province of Tras- 
 os-montes, 1 6 miles diftant from the Spanifh city 
 of Cividad Rodrigo. On the afthof Auguft the 
 fortrefs was furrendered, after a fiege of nine days, 
 and before a pradticable breach had been made, by 
 the Governor Alexandre de Pallares Coello de Bri- 
 to, for which he was afterwards put under confine- 
 ment at Coimbra. 1500 regulars and 2000 pea- 
 fants were permitted to retire with the honours of 
 war, on the condition of not ferving againll the 
 King of Spain or his Allies for fix months. ^^ 
 pieces of brafs cannon, eleven of iron ; 9 brafs 
 mortars for bombs ; 3 1 brafs mortars and one of 
 iron for grenades -, 700 quintals of powder and 
 other implements of war, together with a quantity 
 of ammuTiition and provifions, were found in the 
 place. . ■ . . 
 
 Augufi 26. The Hunter floop cruifing off the 
 Texel, fell in with four Dutch fliips under convoy 
 of a man of war, and defired leave to fearch them ; 
 
 but 
 
 
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 256 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 but was refufed : the Hunter, on proper fignals 
 being made, was joined between the 23d and the 
 26th by the Trial floop, the Diana, and the 
 Chcftcr, and two cutters. Captain Adams of the 
 Diana, ading as Commodore, politely demanded 
 the ufual permiflion to fcarch the merchant. nen ; 
 but the Commander of the Dutch man of war per- 
 fifted in his refufal ; upon this Captain Adams pre- 
 pared himfelf for force, and ordered the boats of 
 the fhips, with an Englilh jack hoifted iti each of 
 theiTi, to fearch the convoy, threatening the Dutch 
 Captain with a broadfide if he infulted the Englifh 
 flag. The Dutchman immediately fired two fhot 
 at the Hunter's boat, which were anfwered by a 
 fingle (hot from Captain Adams, and returned by 
 the Dutchman's whole broadfide. Thus the en- 
 gagement commenced between them, which laftcd 
 about 1 5 minutes ; the man of war and convoy 
 flruck, and were brought into the Downs. Not 
 one man was killed or wounded on board the 
 Diana ; two men were killed on board the Dutch- 
 man i and ihe Captain, with two others wounded. 
 The frigate was called the Dankbaarheld of 26 
 guns, conjmanded by Solomon Dedel the younger j 
 fhe did not flrike, according to the Dutch account, 
 till (he had received the fire of the Chefter, 
 
 Augufl 2j. Brigadier General Burgoine, ordered 
 part of his regiment of light dragoons topufli into 
 the Spanifh (town of Valen9a d' Alcantara fword 
 in hand. Ti e guards in the fquare were all killed 
 or made prifo lers before they could ufe their arms •, 
 after the body of the Englifh regiment was come 
 up and formed in the fquare, fome dcfperate par- 
 ties attempted an attack ; but all of them were de- 
 ftroyed or taken. The General gave no quarter 
 to thofe who fired fingle (hots from the windows 
 
 of 
 
1762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 ^17 
 
 of the houfes j at lad he forced fome Pricfts 
 through the town, to declare to the people that he 
 was determined to fet fire to it at the four corners, 
 unlefs all the doors and windows were inftantly 
 thrown open. This menace had the defircd effedV. 
 Major General Don Michael d' Irumberri and Ba- 
 lanja, with his Aid de Camp -, one Colonel and his 
 Adjutant ; two. Captains, 1 7 Subalterns, and 59 
 private men were made prifoners •, the reft of the 
 regiment of Seville were deftroyed. T^ir colours 
 were taken. The dragoons were fent i' ^he coun- 
 try to bring in all who had efcaped. / iet iched 
 fervant, and fix men only, fell in n\.. ^.^anifh 
 fubaltern and 25 dragoons, who were unbroken 
 and prepared to receive them j of thefe, they kill- 
 ed fix, made the reft prifoners, and took every 
 horfe. The lofs of the Englifli in the attack ofVa- 
 lenfa was inconfiderable*, one Lieutenant, one Ser- 
 jeant, and three private men were killed ; two 
 Serjeants, one Drummer, and 18 private men were 
 wounded. Ten hoi^es were killed, and two wound- 
 ed. Brigadier Burgoyne and Colonel Somerville 
 gallantly conduced the troops in perfon ; tlie Bri- 
 tifh grenadiers under the command of Lord Pulte- 
 ney dillodged the enemy's infantry from the 
 houfes ; and Captain Singleton diftinguiftied him- 
 felf in this affair. The Spanifh officers themfelves 
 publickly commended the generofity of General 
 Burgoyne in handfome terms. 
 
 Auguft 30. The hereditary Prince of Brunfwick 
 and General Luckner with 19 battalions and 40 
 fquadrons, engaged the different corps under the 
 Prince of Conde, Count Stainville, and the Cheva- 
 lier de Levis, near Neuheim and Friedberg. The 
 French were at firft driven from the fteep moun- 
 tain of Johannes-berg into the plain below, by the 
 
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 258 Chronological Annals 1^62, 
 
 vigorous charge of the allies ; but the grand army 
 of France under the Marlhals D'Etrees and Sou- 
 bife having fcnt them a confiderable reinforcement, 
 the attack was renewed with vivacity and fuccefs. 
 The Allies, repulfed in their turn, were obliged to 
 repafs the Wetter. The hereditary Prince was 
 wounded in the hip, whilft he was endeavouring 
 to rally his difordered troops. Prince Ferdinand, 
 better informed of the fituation of the French ar- 
 my than the hereditary Prince appears to have 
 been, marched with a confiderable part of his 
 forces from his camp at Nidda to the fupport oi 
 the Allies j he came in time to prevent the Ene- 
 my from pufhing their advantage. Major General 
 Elliot's dragoons and the chafleurs under Lord Fre- 
 derick Cavendifh were the only Brittifti troops con- 
 cerned in this adion. Colonel Clinton was wound- 
 ed ; yet he continued with the gallant hereditary 
 Prince two hours afterwards ; and did not difcover 
 his misfortune, till the Prince defired him to carry 
 an account of the battle to Prince Ferdinand, which 
 obliged him to acknowledge that he was rendered 
 incapable of executing his commands. On the 
 part of the enemy, M. de la Guiche Lieutenant 
 General and Commander of the brigade of Boifge- 
 lin, was taken prifoner. The French troops in ge- 
 neral exerted tiiemfelves on this occafion with in- 
 trepidity and fpirit. The regiment of Boifgelin 
 had a particular fhare in the fufFerings and glory of 
 the day. The lofs of the enemy, according to their 
 own eftimate, did not exceed 500 men in killed 
 and wounded i whilll they calculated that of the 
 allies at about 600 killed and 1 500 prifoners (in- 
 cluding 400 wounded) befides two ftandards and 
 fifteen pieces of cannon taken. A letter from 
 Prince Ferdinand's head quarters confefled only 
 the lofs of 1398 men killed, wounded, and pri- 
 - "" foners, 
 
id army 
 nd Sou- 
 rcement, 
 fuccefs. 
 )liged to 
 nee was 
 avouring 
 jrdinand, 
 rcnch ar- 
 to have 
 jt of his 
 upport ot 
 i the Ene- 
 3r General 
 Lord Fre- 
 roops con- 
 gas wound- 
 hereditary 
 lot difcover 
 im to carry 
 land, which 
 IS rendered 
 On the 
 Jeutenant 
 of Boifge- 
 oops in ge- 
 on with in- 
 f Boifgelin 
 nd glory of 
 ing to their 
 jn in killed 
 that of the 
 ifoners (in- 
 ndards and 
 [ettei from 
 feffcd only 
 and pri- 
 foners, 
 
 1762; 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 259 
 
 foners, together with ten fmall pieces of cannon. 
 The French, accuftomed to defeat, demonftrated 
 their fenfe of this Vidory by publick rejoycings. 
 M. de Boifgelin, Colonel of the regiment of his 
 own name, who carried the news to Verfailles, 
 was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. 
 
 September i. The Duke de Nivernois was ap- 
 pointed Minifter Plenipotentiary to Great Britain. 
 
 September 2. Captain Lebras in the Lion, took 
 the Zephyr frigate of 26 guns, which had on 
 board 200 troops, brafs mortars and cannon, am- 
 munition and ftores, and was bound from Breft for 
 St* John's in Newfoundland. 
 
 September li The St. Jofeph, a Sjpanifh (hip of 
 above 1200 tons, capable of carrying 60 guns and 
 mounting 32, bound from the Caraccas to Port 
 Paffage with a cargo of hides and cocoa, was at- 
 tacked in Aviles Bay by the iEolus Captain 
 Hotham. The enemy took to their boats, and 
 abandoned the fhip, after a very faint refiftance. 
 The ihip being now in the poflefTion of the En- 
 glifh, the Spaniards quitted a battery of three 
 guns ereded upon an eminence, and Lieutenant 
 Campbell with a party of marines went on flxore in 
 the evening and fpiked the guns. This valuable 
 prize unfortunately bulged in the night, and was 
 burnt by the orders of Captain Hotham. 
 
 September 4. The Duke of Bedford was appoint- 
 ed Minifter Plenipotentiary to France. 
 
 September 9 and 10. A detachment of the French 
 army haraflcd the Allies in their retreat, drove 
 
 R 2 two 
 
 Ih 
 
 1 
 
 1. ■ Mi 
 
 ■'„ .11 r 
 
 
 ■s,^\ 
 
26o Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 two battalions out of Laubach, and took fome pon- 
 toons and baggage. - .' ' ;■ ^' • ; . 
 
 September 11. The Auftrian Colonel de Lanius 
 attacked, with an inferior force, the Pruflian Ge- 
 neral le Grand, Commandant of Neifle, near 
 Sandhubel i and obliged him to retreat with preci- 
 pitation to Neifle after the lofs of 121 killed, 103 
 made prifoners, and two pieces of cannon taken. 
 Only 7 Auftrians were killed and 40 wounded. 
 
 September 13. The PruCTians under General 
 Schmettau took Zittau, after having permitted the 
 garrifon to retire to Gabel : they abandoned it the 
 next day, carried away hoftages with them from 
 that town and the neighbouring places, and re- 
 turned to Gorlitz, of which they had taken poffel- 
 fion juft before. 
 
 September — General Freytag defeated, between 
 Alsfelt and Newftadt, a body of the French under 
 M. de St. Vidor, which had attempted to inter- 
 cept the bread-waggon train. 
 
 September 1 6. Prince Ferdinand marched to Wet- 
 ter through the fame routes which the Prince of 
 Conde had opened for : he cnch army •, and on 
 the 1 6th he drove the enei . ^ garrifon out of that 
 place, and obliged the Prince of Conde to repafs 
 the Lahnc. On the f^me day tlie French abandon'd 
 
 Schweinfburg. 
 
 .) 
 
 ^t-'t 
 
 September 1 8. The Humber of 40 guns ran on 
 the fouth of Kappyfborough fands, and was en- 
 tirely loft. 
 
 i.(v:. 
 
 '-'■^.■^^ 
 
 - ! = V' 
 
 
 ■ Sep' 
 
' General, 
 mitted the 
 )ned it the 
 :hem tVpm 
 -s, and re- 
 ikcn poffei- 
 
 »d, between 
 ■ench under 
 ,ed to inter- 
 
 .A 
 
 1762. 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 261 
 
 September 18. Lieutenant Colonel Amherft, un- 
 der the orders of Sir JefFcry Amherft, failed with 
 the tranfports from New York and got into the 
 harbour of Halifax on the 26th of Auguft, after 
 the Fleet under Lord Colville had left it. Not 
 having a fufficient number of tranfports with him, 
 he took up fhipping to the amount of 400 tons, 
 reached Louifburg on the 5th of September, and 
 failed out of that harbour on the 7th with his whole 
 embarkation. On the eleventh he joined Lord Col- 
 ville a few leagues to the fouthward of St. John's •, 
 on the 13th he landed his troops at Torbay about 
 three leagues to the northward of St. John's, drove 
 the enemy from an hill on the oppofite fide of 
 Kitty Vitty river, and took Poll. On the 15th the 
 enemy were diflodged with great refolution by Cap- 
 tain M' Donell, from a deep and difficult hill in 
 the front of Colonel Amherft's advanced pofts ; 
 Lieutenant Schuyler was killed, and the Captain 
 himfelf wounded in this gallant affair : in the night 
 the French fleet under M. de Ternay, equal in num- 
 ber to the Britifh fqnadron, and fuperior in guns 
 and men, made their efcape by a Ihameful flight, 
 after having been blocked up by Lord Colville in 
 the harbour of St. John's for three Weeks ; they 
 afterwards got fafe to Corunna. On the 1 6th Colonel 
 Amherft acquainted the Count d* Hauflbnville by 
 letter, that in cafe he fhould execute his intended 
 defign of blowing up the fort when he quitted it, 
 every man of the garrifon (hould then be put to the 
 fword. On the night of the 17th a mortar battery 
 was opened againft the fort ; and the next day it 
 capitulated, before any other batteries had begun 
 to play. M. de Ternay, flying in the utmoft con- 
 fufion, left his anchors and the grenadiers of the 
 army behind him. The garrifon amounted to 689 
 
 R 3 men, 
 
 H 
 
 vm 'i 
 
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 ^m 
 
 
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262 Chronological Annals iy62f 
 
 men, ftafF and other officers included ; they capi- 
 tulated on the terms of furrendcring prifoners of 
 war, and of being tranfported to the coaft of Brit- 
 tany at the expence of his Britannick Majcfty. The 
 total number of prifoners made on this occalion did 
 not fall much Ihort of 800 ; a very fine body of 
 men, and almod as numerous as the regulars of the 
 Britifh army. On the part of the conquerors, one 
 Lieutenant and eleven rank and file were killed -, 
 3 Captains, 2 ferjeants, i drummer, and 32 rank 
 and file were wounded ; in all, 50. Lieutenant 
 Colonel Tullikin and Captain M* Donell were ho- 
 nourably mentioned by Mr. Amhcrft. > r jj.j 
 
 September 20. The French attacked, and made 
 themfelves mailers of a redoubt and a mill fituatec} 
 upon the left bank of the river Ohm, at the foot of 
 the mountain oif Amoeneburg. 
 
 Septemher 21. The French, favoured by a fog. 
 Opened a branch of a trench before .Amoeneburg 
 on the 20th, and eitablifhed their batteries againtt 
 that caftle, which was occupied by a battalion of 
 the Britifh legion and a detachment of 200 men 
 from the referve of the allied' army. The ftone 
 bridge over the Ohm at the Brucker-Muhl, was 
 guarded by 200 men of Hardenberg*s regiment \ 
 the greateft part of which were polled in a fmall 
 work on the right of the bridge. The enemy were 
 alfo in pofTefTion of a little work beyond the bridge, 
 About thefe two polls there commenced a warm 
 find bloody a<5lion on the 21ft, which continued 
 from fix in the morning till dark night. A fire of 
 cannon and fmall arms was kept up on both fides 
 for fourteen hours with the utmoft feverity and the 
 moft determin'd refdlution. There was no attempt 
 cm either part to pafs the bridge. Frefli troops 
 
 were 
 
1762. 
 
 Op the War. 
 
 263 
 
 were reciprocally fent to fupport the pofts which 
 each maintained on the oppoQte banks of the river, 
 as fail as the feveral reliefs had expended their am- 
 munition. The mill occupied by the enemy, af- 
 forded rather more fticlter to them, than the re- 
 doubt did to the allies. Hiftory hardly furnilhes an 
 inftance of fuch an obftinate difpute. The execution 
 of near 50 pieces of cannon was confined to the 
 fpace of near 400 paces. The fire of the artillery 
 and mufquetry was not intermitted one fingle mo- 
 ment. On the part of the allies, 17 complete bat- 
 talions were employed, at different times, in this 
 deftrudive fervice. Lieutenant Colonel Manlove, 
 Major M* Lean^ the Captains Twifleton and Rey- 
 nell, and Enfign Clive brother to Lord Clive, were 
 killed ; Lieutenant Colonel Hale, the Captains 
 Peter Campbell and Wyvil, together with feven in- 
 feriour officers were wounded. The total lofs (in- 
 cluding that of the Hanoverian corps) amounted 
 to 161 killed, 460 wounded, and 17 milling; in 
 all, 638. A fubfequent general account increafed 
 it to near 800. 1 9 horfcs were killed, and 4 pieces 
 of cannon were rendered unferviceable. The French 
 acknowledged the lofs of 300 killed and near 800 
 wounded -, among the latter were the Marquis de 
 Caftries and the Chevalier de Sarsfield. Letters 
 from Frankfort to the Hague, received in England, 
 made the wounded on the part of the French a- 
 mount to near 2000 men. 
 
 September 22. A practicable breach having been 
 made, the Caftle of Amoeneburg furrcndered to 
 the French •, and the garrifon were made prifoners 
 of war, to the number of eleven officers and 553 
 men. >. -v^ >' '*^1? ^..-w/- .■■^■-- •■'>.irn. 
 
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264 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
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 September 27. A fmall corps of the enemy under 
 M. de Poyanne was attacked, defeated, and pur- 
 fued to Alsfeldt, by Major General Freytag. 
 The total lofs of the French upon this occafion 
 amounted to near 400 men. 
 
 '/k r 1 k. i «-jV C . 
 
 ..■/. 
 
 '*■ September 27, 28, and 29. The Auftrians and 
 Imperialifts under the orders of General Haddick, 
 obliged the Pruflians under Prince Henry to aban- 
 don their advantageous fituation at Wilidruf, 
 Pretfchendorf, Fravenftein, and Burckenheim. The 
 attack and defence were vigorous, and the lofs on 
 each fide confiderable. In the night between the 
 29th and 30th, Prince Henry made the whole Pruf- 
 fian army repafs the Mulda, which they did with 
 fuccefs, and ranged themfelves the next morning 
 in order of battle on the other fide of that river. 
 The Prince afterwards retired to Freyberg, and 
 General Hulfcn towards Katzenhaufen. 
 
 ' September 30. Major General Freytag diflodged 
 the French from Bergemunden. 
 
 *-':^i 
 
 ., i'. ., 
 
 ':?{>' k 
 
 t\- 
 
 /*•'.'. ' '. 
 
 ' \ October — The Scorpion floop was loil on the 
 Liverpool ftation. vt '^ * '*-» r^,. •. v^^s i? ; 
 
 October 5 and 6. The Marquis de Sarria having 
 folicited and obtained his difmiffion from the com- 
 mand of the Spanifh army in Portugal, with the 
 Order of the Golden Fleece in recompence of his 
 paft fervices, the Count d*Aranda fucceeded to the 
 poft of General in chief of his Catholic Majefty's 
 Forces. On the 28 th of September the Portugueze 
 abandoned Celorico ; the Spaniards afterwards 
 took pofleflion of Penamacor, Salvaterra, and Se- 
 gura J in the fecond of thefe places there was a 
 ' ^ - gar- 
 
J762. 
 
 Of the War, 
 
 265 
 
 garrifon of upwards of 400 men, which capitu* 
 lated on the condition of not ferving againfl the 
 Catholic King or his allies for the term of fix 
 months. Early in Odtober the Spaniards made 
 themfelves matters of the Defile of St. Simon, and 
 and of Villa Velha a Moorifli caftle near the Ta- 
 gus : The latter was iupported for fome time by 
 Brigadier Burgoyne acrofs the river. Three hun- 
 dred men and upwards, of whom the garrifon was 
 compofed, fUrrendered prifoners of war. The Por- 
 tuguefe infantry under the Count de St. lago be- 
 ing obliged to file off by the road of Sobreira For- 
 mofa. Lord Loudoun with four Britiih regiments, 
 fix companies of Portuguefe grenadiers, fome light 
 dragoons and Portugueze cavalry, brought up the 
 rear guard and kept the Spaniards in awe : The 
 Portugueze grenadiers merited upon this occafion 
 the approbation of Lord Loudoun, who fpake of 
 them in very handfome terms. Between the 5th 
 and 6th of 061;ober, Colonel Lee with 100 grena- 
 diers, 200 royal volunteers, 50 Britifh dragoons 
 and 56 of St. Payo's horfe, all under the orders of 
 Brigadier General Burgoyne, marched up to, at- 
 tacked, and forced, a fmall Spanilh encampment 
 near Villa Velha, burnt fome magazines, fpiked up 
 fix pieces of cannon, brought off about 60 art Utry 
 mules, a few prifoners, and a quantity of valuaole 
 baggage. Lieutenant Maitknd of Burgoyne's dra- 
 goons diftinguilhed himfelf in this affair, and re- 
 pulfed the enemy's cavalry. The lofs of the Britifti 
 troops confifted in one corporal killed, 8 private 
 men wounded, and one miffmg. By the Spanifh 
 account, one Colonel and one Enfign were wound- 
 ed on their part, two Lieutenants killed, one Cap- 
 tain and one Sub-Lieutenant taken prifoners. The 
 lofs of their private men is uncertain. The dexte- 
 rity of General Burgoyne, and the refolution of the 
 
 Britifh 
 
 .!' II 
 
 ?: w 
 
Si| 
 
 i 
 
 266 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 Britifli troops commanded by Colonel Lee, de- 
 ferved great commendation. 
 
 OSiober 9. Schweidnitz capitulated to the King 
 of Pruflia, when the trenches h^d been opened be- 
 fore it for two months and two days. Lieutenant 
 General Guafco and his brave garrifon were ob- 
 liged to furrender prifoners of war, after having 
 made feveral fruitlefs efforts to obtain more fa- 
 vourable terms. On the 8th of Oftober a grenade 
 from the befiegers fell upon a magazine of powder, 
 did great damage to the fort No. 2, and blew up 
 205 men officers included. A mine took full ti- 
 feft in the night between the 8th and 9th, carried 
 away part of the rampart, made a confiderable 
 breach in the covered way, and filled up the ditch 
 with the rubbifh. The garrifon marched out of the 
 fortrefs with all military honours, layed down th<»ir 
 arms and were made prifoners of war, and were 
 promifed the preference in cafe of an exchange : 
 In the courfe of the fiegc they had 32 officers and 
 1249 foldiers killed » 53 officers and 2223 foldiers 
 wounded j and the number of the prifoners of every 
 ^denomination, including t\\t fick and wounded, 
 amounted to 258 officers and 8784 private men; 
 in all, 10303. The artillery and military (lores 
 found in the place were confiderable. The lofs of 
 the Pruffians confilted in 25 officers and 1084 fub- 
 alterns and private men killed or dead of their 
 wounds, and in 61 officers and 1845 fubalterns or 
 private men woiinded : in all, 86 officers and 2929 
 foldiers. M. dc Griboval afted as engineer to the 
 garrifon; and M. Le Fevre to the befiegers. Thus 
 Schweidnitz changed its mafter for the fourth time 
 in the progrefs of the war. The Emprefs Queen 
 took it on the i*2th of November 1757. after 16 
 days of open trenches 5 the King of Pruffia reco- 
 vered 
 
1762. 
 
 Op tul War. 
 
 167 
 
 vcrcd it on the 17th of April 1758, upon the 17th 
 day after the opening or the trenches ; General 
 Laudohn made himfelf mailer of It by alTault be- 
 tween the 30th of September and the ift of OAo- 
 ber 1 761, and the King of PrufTia is now once 
 more in pofTefTion of it, after a long, memorable, 
 and dcftruftive fiege. : v<v - 
 
 O£lober 14 and 15. General Haddick and the 
 Prince of Stolberg, attacked General Belling on 
 the 14th in the Rathfwald or the Wood of Raths, 
 and diflodged him from that pofl ; but the latter 
 receiving a confiderable reinforcement from Prince 
 Henry, repulfcd the enemy in his turn : On the 
 15th the Pruflian General was charged again by 
 the Auftrians and Imperialifts, before he had fuffi- 
 cient time to refume his polls. The difpute was 
 iharp and continued, but in the end the Pruflians 
 were driven from the wood with lofs. The regi- 
 ments of Kleiil and Salmouth fuffered feverely in 
 the engagement. Freyberg was abandoned in con- 
 fequence of this fucceis. Prince Henry retired in two 
 columns towards Noflen and Rofwein. The Impe- 
 rialifts behaved with fpirit. Near 2000 Pruffians 
 were made prifoners •, eight or nine pieces of can- 
 non, eight colours and two ftandards were taken. 
 The Hungarian regiment of Giulay performed 
 wonders in this engagement. The condu6l and 
 military arrangements of General Haddick and the 
 Prince of Stolberg were fpoken of by the Auftrians 
 in high terms of praiie. 
 
 1 ,« r . ^ .....,.-; , ...... 1 -1 . ■ • . 
 
 05foher — The Auftrian General de ZoUern fur- 
 prifed, at Kir(;hayn in lower Lufatia, part of a 
 regiment of cavalry under the orders of General 
 Dingelftedt, made 300 prifoners, and took fome 
 horfes belonging to the baggage. 
 
 '!.'[ 
 
 < ,i I. 
 
 
 !: 5 
 
 t f,> 
 
268 
 
 Chronological Annals 1762. 
 
 O^ober 20. La Folic, a French frigate of 24 
 guns and 250 men, was taken by the Phcjenix 
 paptain Bcchcll, after a chafe of fix hours. 
 
 'k 
 
 "i ill- iii 
 
 ■ rS t 4 n 
 
 )5loher ic,. Prince Henry of Pruflia attacked, 
 near Freyberg, and defeated the combined army 
 of Auftrians and Imperialifts, which was command- 
 ed by the Princ.e de Stolberg in the abfence of Ge- 
 neral Haddick. According to the Pruflian account, 
 the adlion began' at day-break and lafled till two in 
 the afternoon, when the enemy was entirely rout- 
 ed, obliged to abandon the Held of battle and the 
 town of Freyberg to the PrufTians, and to retire to 
 Pippoldfwalde. On the part of the vanquiihed, ac<- 
 jcording to the fame account. Lieutenant General 
 Baron de Hodt, one Colonel, one Major, 24 Cap- 
 tains, 41 Lieutenants, eleven Enfighs, 159 under 
 officers, and 4174 private men were made pri- 
 foners ; 27 pieces of cannon were taken, together 
 yfkh (line ftandards and colours. As the adlion 
 continued many hours, it is reafonable to prefume 
 that the lofs on both fides, in killed and wounded, 
 could not be inconfiderable. 
 
 05lober 30 and 31. The French Partizan Cam- 
 bcfort took and plundered the City of Ofnabrug, 
 which had no garrifpt) to defend it. 
 
 November i. Caffel furrendered to Prince Frede- 
 ric of Brunfwick, after the trenches had been open- 
 ed before it from the night of the 1 6th of Odo- 
 ber. The garrifon obtained all the honours of war, 
 and were efcorted to the French army under the 
 command of the Marfhals P'Etrees and Soubife. 
 
 No- 
 
1762. 
 
 Of THE War. 
 
 * . ►* 
 
 269 
 
 November 3. The preliminaries of peace w?rc 
 figned at Fontainebleau by the Count de Choifcul, 
 Secretary of State for foreign affairs, on the pare 
 of France ^ by the Duke of Bedford Miniftcr Ple- 
 nipotentiary on the part of Great-Britain •, and by 
 the Marquis de Grimaldi AmbalTador Extraordi-. 
 nary and Plenipotentiary from the Court of Ma- 
 drid, on the part of Spain. The moll Chriftian 
 King rewarded the fervices of the Count de Choi- 
 leul in this negotiation, by creating him a Duke 
 and Peer of France with the title of Due de 
 
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 Chronological A^jnals 1762 
 
 
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The CONCLUSION. 
 
 HA\ iNG br )ught down thefe Annals to 
 the figning of the Preliminaries of 
 Peace between Great- Britain, France, 
 and Spain ; I fhall now conclude with fome 
 particular Obfervations. But, in the firft 
 Place, I hope the candid Reader will pardon 
 me, when I inform him, that I have not de- 
 fended into a minute Relation of every Cir- 
 cumftance which may have diflinguifhed the 
 feveral Engagements by Land and Sea. A 
 very entertaining French Biographer has de- 
 clared, that ** We ought to be diffident of 
 " thofe Perfons who enter into a full Detail 
 " of modern Hiftory, and penetrate into the 
 ** Secrets of the Cabinet ', who pretend to give 
 " Us an exadl Account of every Battle, wlien 
 ** even the Generals themfelves would find 
 ** much Difficulty in doing it." The only 
 Thing which I dare aflert, is, that I have 
 taken fome Delight in tracing the SuccefTes of 
 my Country, without forming the fmalleft 
 Pretenfions to the Copioufnefs and dignity of 
 an Hiftorian. 
 
 •^ Summa feqiior Faftigia Rerum, 
 
 Thofe who defire a more difFufed Account? 
 may be led, by the Dates, to the Store-HoUfe 
 of the public Papers, from which this Epi 
 tome has been generally extracted. It will be 
 enough for the Annalift, if at leaft he may be 
 thought not to have abufed his own idle fe- 
 
 1 
 
 1* 1 
 
 1 ' i . 
 
 i I'll 
 
 I'i 
 
 
 ;i 
 
 'I 
 
 
if 11 
 
 'I 
 
 
 282 Chronological Annals 
 
 dentary Hours, whilft he was employing them 
 in this Recapitulation of the many gallant 
 Services performed by his Fellow Citizens in 
 an adlivc Military Life. 
 
 The Peace is yet in its Infancy ; and before 
 wc venture to determine peremptorily upon 
 its Stability and Continuance, it may be pro- 
 per to wait till the mutual Animofities of the 
 contending Parties have cooled by infenfible 
 Degrees. The Sea continues in Agitation af- 
 ter the Storm is over 5 and the Waves do not 
 immediately fubfide into a perfe<!i Calm : Or, 
 to exprefs mylelf in the Lines of Statius, 
 
 IJt Ji quando ruit^ debellatafque reliquit 
 Eurus Aquas, pax ipsa tumet, Pon- 
 
 tumque jacentem 
 Exanimts jam vqlvit Hicms, 
 
 One Thing however may be aflerted with 
 Confidence; which is, that the Poverty and 
 Diftrefs of the principal Powers of Europe 
 will be ftronger Guarantees of Peace than the 
 Faith of a modern Treaty. 
 
 Upwards of two hundred pitched Battles 
 have been fought in Europe within the fpace 
 of fourfcore Years : Few have been more 
 bloody and lefs decifive than thofe of the War 
 which I have been commemorating. The 
 Fruits of the Victory near Prague were loft 
 in the Defeat at Kolin. The celebrated Actions 
 of Rojbach and hifjhi together with the Re- 
 duction oiBreJIau and SchweidnitZt coft the E- 
 nemies of the King oiPruJjia 50,000 effedlive 
 
 Men J 
 
• Of the War. 283 
 
 Men J Yet that very Monarch received two 
 fevcrc Checks from the Aufirians in the 
 C jurfc of the following Yrar. The other 
 Battles were attended with a Divcrfity of Suc- 
 ccfs, and only enablci' the exufpcrated Advcr- 
 faries to ravage and depopulate the mod fruit- 
 ful Provinces. The RuJ/ians were conquered 
 at Zorndorf'y at ZuUcau and Cunnctjdorfi they 
 triumphed in their Turn : Thoufands fell 
 upon thoufands in thofe long and defperate 
 Engagements. The Swedes and PriiJJians in 
 Pomerania, were more innocent Antagonifts ; 
 confining their Views principally to the taking 
 and retaking of Anclam and Dcmmhty two 
 weak and defencelefs Places. The moft dif- 
 tinguifhed Adions of the War between the 
 French and the Allies were included in a 
 fmall Tradl of Country : The feveral Armies 
 marched again and again over the fame fpot 
 of Ground : In the mean time the Troops 
 fufFered from Fatigue and Want, and the 
 plundered Inhabitants died of Famine. Through 
 the Extent of the largefl Part of Germany, it 
 feemed a Matter of Emulation who fliould oc- 
 cafion the greateft Diftrefs. The Operations 
 of a Campaign were feldom determined by the 
 Severity of the Seafon. Confiderable Marches 
 were made, and Battles given, in the Winter 
 Months. In 1759, four thoufand Men in the 
 Aujirian and Imperial Armies periOied 
 through the Cold ; and, without Doubt, the 
 P ruffians fufFered in the fame Proportion. Ac- 
 cording to an Account in the public Papers, 
 ' •--' . the 
 
 
 n- 
 
 
 ?!!>- 
 
 
:84 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 •pi 
 
 Mi 
 
 the Au/irian Party in Holland confefledl that 
 they had loft 56,000 Men in that Year. The 
 Prujfells Gazette, which was favourable e- 
 nough to the French^ acknowledged that, in 
 1 76 1, France expended between feven and 
 eight Millions Sterling upon the German War, 
 From this fummary Relation, it appears with 
 fufficient Evidence, that the prinjcipal Powers 
 concerned in the War had Reafon to wifh for 
 the return of Peace, in refpe(5t to their own 
 particular Sufferings, as well as to the general 
 Mifery of Mankind. 
 
 The partial Spaniard entered late into the 
 Difpute; but in the fhort Courfe of an un- 
 equal Conteft, he became in a very literal 
 Senfe of the Words, 
 
 De decor urn pretiofus Emptor, ' . 
 
 The Reafons which the Court of Madrid 
 publifhed to the World, to juftify their Inva- 
 lion of Fortugqh are hardly to be paralleled 
 but by thofe v/hich Feter the Great alledged 
 againft Charles the twelfth ; viz. that he, the 
 CzaTy had not received fufhcient Honours 
 when he palTed incognito through Kigay and 
 that Provifions had been fold too dear to his 
 AmbafTadors. Under the Pretext of thefe cu- 
 rious Grievances, Feier ravaged Ingria with 
 100,000 Men. Voltaire obierves, that the 
 young King of Sweden did not dream of a dif- 
 ferent Morality for Princes and private Per- 
 fons. In Truth, the Laws of Morality are 
 equally obligatory upon Both ; and Kings may 
 be as virtuous as the meanefl: of their Sub- 
 
 je<5ls: 
 
ti that 
 r. The 
 •able e- 
 that, in 
 ren and 
 an War, 
 irs with 
 
 powers 
 wifli for 
 itir own 
 
 general 
 
 into the 
 ■ an un- 
 
 1 
 
 Madrid 
 eir Inva- 
 tDaralleled 
 alledged 
 t he, the 
 Honours 
 igay and 
 ar to his 
 thefe cu- 
 rria with 
 that the 
 of a dif- 
 Ivate Per- 
 rality are 
 Cings may 
 leir Sub- 
 jects: 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 285 
 
 jedts : In Fad, to the Shame of Chriftian and 
 Catholic Monarchs, la ^ejiion de Moralefc" 
 mile peu de la Conduite des Souiierains — Fa- 
 mily Connexions, and the various DiftrefTes 
 of Portugal, ought to have prevented the De- 
 folation of that Kingdom ; But Ambition a- 
 vails itfelf of thofe Calamities which Nature 
 reverences. A fatal Earthquake; a daring 
 and wicked Attempt upon the Life of the So- 
 vereign ; the very dreadful Punifliment after- 
 wards inflicted upon the noble Families which 
 were concerned in that Attempt; the Expul- 
 fion and total Ruin of the Jefuits j all thefe 
 working together, had weakened to a great 
 Degree that reciprocal Affedlion and Confi- 
 dence, which conftitute the true Happinefs 
 both of Prince and People. In this Ferment 
 of Men's Minds, the Confequences of an Ir- 
 ruption on the Part of Spain were dubious. 
 Such an Irruption, unprovoked and cruel as it 
 was, might have given Spirit and Power to 
 DifafFedtion ; or it might have called back the 
 Attention o^ the Court and Nation to their 
 mutual Intereft, and have at lead united a 
 wretched Country before it was fubdued. Up- 
 on the whole, it feems to have done neither : 
 The King maintained his Prerogative, and 
 the Subjedl abandoned himfelf to his Cow- 
 ardice. The Portugiieze, (feme of the Pea- 
 fants and Regulars excepted) anfwered the 
 Charadler; which hot A Peterborough gave of 
 them in one of his Letters from Valencia i 
 ** You mav have received (fays he) by Italy, 
 
 **be- 
 
 'I'r : '' 
 
 »l ■■ ■ - 
 
 r}S 
 
 m 
 
 I 'if 
 
 t^ 
 
286 Chronological Annals 
 
 ** before thefe come to Hand, fome Letters 
 " which I writ in the Uncertainty of what the 
 ** Portuguefes might do. By all Accounts, the 
 '* leall: Oppolition would have made them 
 ** turn back. It was hard enough to make 
 ** them walk to Madrid^ *tho* meeting no Re- 
 ** fiftance." — In the Introdudtion to the fe- 
 cond Part of thefe Annals, I expatiated with 
 Pleafure upon the bright Pages of their Hif- 
 tory i I wi(h they had afforded me frqfli Mat- 
 ter of Praife. The following Extradl out of a 
 little printed Defcription of Por/«g-^/, which 
 I read when I was in that Country, ought to 
 make a modern Portugueze blufh, upon the 
 Comparifon of his Anceftors Virtue with his 
 
 own Degeneracy. Rcfoheo-Je el Rey D* Joao 
 a bufcar o Exercito C2Sk.€ih2.nOy feguindo opare- 
 cer do Condejiavel ', Marchou com poucos eva- 
 
 lerofos Soldadosy e fe toparao os dous Exercitos 
 
 na conhectda Campanha de Algibarrota. Virao os 
 Cajlelbanos o Exercito Portuguez com Defprezo, 
 
 e teve entao Dijculpa^ ajua Vaidade, fundada no 
 
 feu Poder, Era tao dejigual o Ntimero da nojja 
 
 Gente, que fe pode duvidar^fefoy mayor Ac^ao 
 refoher a Bat alba, ou veneer, A i/^ de Agojio 
 do Anno de 1385, Dia fempre Jauflo na noffa 
 Memoriay ganhamos aquella celebre ViStoria, que 
 
 confejjao Jielmente as Hijiorias de Cajiella, ejcre- 
 i)cm com Efpanto as ejlrangeiras, e referem as 
 noJJ'as com Modcjlia, ** The King Don John, 
 •* following the Advice of the Conftable, de- 
 termined 
 
Of the War. 
 
 287 
 
 ** tcrmincd to go in Search of the Army of 
 " Cajlile ; he marched with a fmall Body of 
 " valiant Soldiers ; the two Armies placed 
 " themfelves in the well-known Plain of jil- 
 " gibarrota. The Cafiilians looked upon the 
 " Forces oi "Portugal with Contempt; and, at 
 ** that Time, their Pride, founded on their 
 ^* Power, received a juft Puniihment. The 
 ** Number of our Troops was io unequal, that 
 " it may be a Matter of Doubt, whether it was 
 " a greater Adtion to refolve upon the Battle, 
 " or to conquer. On the 14th of Auguji in 
 "the Year 1385, a Day always to be ftampt 
 ** as a fortunate one upon our Memory, we 
 ** gained that famous Vidlory, which is con- 
 '* /effed faithfully in the Hiftories of Cajlile^ 
 ** recorded with Aftonifhment in thofe of fo- 
 ** reign Nations, and related with Modcfty in 
 ** our own." — Whenever the Portugueze 
 ihall again rife into the fame Activity and Vi- 
 gour by which they were diflinguifhed during 
 this fliining Period, or during that fuccefsful 
 War (termed by them the War gJ the Accla- 
 mation) which they commenced againft Spain 
 in 1640 ; it will then be prudent in us to fup- 
 port their eflential Interefts with our Treafure 
 and our Blood : And they ought to confider 
 with themfelves, that neither the Spaniards 
 may be always deftftute of Provilions^, nor the 
 Rains always fall in a critical Seafon: But 
 whilft their military Genius continues in its 
 prefent feeble and languiihing State, I cannot 
 but be concerned when I reflect, that their 
 
 only 
 
 I- 1 '-2 
 
 l'!'l!. 
 
 m 
 
 1 H^ 
 
288 
 
 ClIRONOLbGICAL AnnALS 
 
 111' 
 
 only Ncighhour may once more become their 
 worfl Enemy, and that 'voe are obliged to be 
 their Friends. ' .•'.,.- 
 
 Providence was fo wonderfully favourable 
 to ust in the whole Courfe of the War, that 
 we felt but a fmall Part of thofe Calamities 
 which diftrefTed the Continent. Our Succefles 
 were often improved and heightened by the 
 little Lofs with which they were obtained. 
 Admiral Bofcawen purchafed his naval Con- 
 queft at the Expence only of 56 Men killed 
 and 196 wounded. Frefh Gales, heavy Squalls, 
 and an horrid Coaft, did not prevent Sir Rd- 
 ward Haivke from making a lliort Winter's 
 Day for ever glorious in the Annals of his 
 Country. On the 20th of November and the 
 following Days, the number of the French 
 killed, wounded, and drowned, amounted to 
 between three and four thoufand ; that of the 
 Englrjh fell fhort of 350. The Danger of the 
 Iflands and Shoals which the BritiJJ:> Fleet ef- 
 caped, is always to be remembered with Gra- 
 titude ; for had not the Admiral brought to 
 when he did., the whole Squadron by general 
 Confefilon had been loll: in lefs than half an 
 Hour. Our very Defeats feemed only to en- 
 hance the Pleafure of our Victories. The Ad- 
 vantage which attended the French at Cor- 
 bach was more than balanced by the Sur- 
 prize at Erxdorf. The FortrefTes of Munfter 
 and Minderii with their large Garrifons, fur- 
 rendered to th^- Enemy ; and our Fears were 
 alarmed for Hajiovcr. The Battle of Minden 
 
 drove 
 
Of the War. 
 
 289 
 
 drove the Trench from the Banks of the Wefer^ 
 ahnoft to the Maine, We had hardly Time to 
 read the Account of our Misfortune at the 
 Falls of Montniorenci before we received the 
 News of a Vi<5tory on the Heights oi Abraham , 
 and of the Surrender of ^ehec. A Letter from 
 General Murray informed us of the Lofs of a 
 Battle near the fame Heights ; We were im- 
 mediately in Pain for our new Conqueft : A 
 fecond Letter from the fame General, aflured 
 us that the Siege of ^ebec was raifed with the 
 utmofl Precipitation. Our Repulfe before Bel- 
 leijley and our fuccefsful Landing upon that 
 liland, made only the Difference of fourteen 
 Days : To thefe I may add the important Re- 
 duAion of the Havannah, after the inevitable 
 Delays of an obftinate and lingering Siege, by 
 which our Hopes and Fears had been alternate- 
 ly agitated for many Weeks. In this, and every 
 iimilar Inftance, Ipfa Solicit udo commendat £- 
 ventuniy et quqfi lenocinatur Voluptati. 
 
 The domeftic Concerns of RuJJia will pro- 
 bably engage the Attention of that Govern- 
 ment, and leave it neither Liberty nor Incli- 
 nation to take a large Share in the Affairs of 
 Europe, The People may be kept in their 
 Obedience by the Clergy ; and the Clergy may 
 be treated with RefpeSt,: Feter the third ex- 
 perienced the fatal EfFedts of a different Con- 
 duct; and the Emprefs Catherine will ftudy to 
 avoid the Errors and Misfortunes of her Hul- 
 band : The interiour Quiet of this Country 
 
 T may 
 
2()0 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 may be fccured by equal Laws, and a fenfible 
 Adminiftration ; Yet, granting all thefe Things 
 are done, many Regulations muft be ftill want- 
 ing, to civilize the Ru/fians themfelves, and to 
 refine them into a polilhed and cultivated Peo- 
 ple. That vaft Empire is in Length from ff^eji 
 to Ea/i, upwards of 6 coo Miles; and in Breadth 
 from North to South, about 2400 : But it is 
 very thinly inhabited in Proportion to its Ex- 
 tent : Nothing will more diflinguifh the Ca- 
 pacity of the Sovereign, or give a greater Luf- 
 tre to h.?v Reign, than a regular and deter- 
 min'd Syftem of Policy; by which Commerce 
 may flourifli, Manufadures increafe. Arts re- 
 ceive frefh Life and Vigour, and the Number 
 of the People augment equally with the Riches 
 of the State. A Plan of this kind is vaftly 
 to be preferred to the Acquifition of foreign 
 Conquefls; as it is infinitely more glorious for 
 Princes to encourage the Wealth and Populoul- 
 nefs of their own Country, than to bring De- 
 llrudion and Slavery upon any other People. 
 
 The reigning Emprefs has faithfully execu- 
 ted the Treaty, which the late Emperor con- 
 cluded with the King of Prujjiay in its mate- 
 rial Articles; and has evacuated FruJJia and 
 Pomerania, The keeping of the Rufjians at 
 their prefent Diftance from Germany will now 
 deferve the Confideration of Europe'. It has 
 already been too long the Cuftom to invite them 
 into it, upon any important Difference between 
 rival Powers. The Allies who attacked Charles 
 '. •• ♦ the 
 
Of the War. 
 
 291 
 
 fenfiblc 
 Things 
 11 want- 
 , and to 
 ed Peo- 
 
 Breadth 
 But it is 
 . its Ex- 
 the Ca- 
 iter Luf- 
 d deter- 
 jmmerce 
 Arts re- 
 Number 
 le Riches 
 is vaftly 
 f foreign 
 Drious for 
 Populoul- 
 Dring De- 
 People. 
 
 lly execu- 
 ^eror con- 
 its mate- 
 *ru//ia and 
 Ruffians at 
 y will nou> 
 ^ : It has 
 nvitethem 
 :e between 
 ed Charles 
 the 
 
 the 1 2th of Sweden \n the Decline of his For- 
 tune, watched their Confederate Peter the 
 Great with a rational Jealoufy, and would not 
 fuffer him to get the Icaft Footing in the Em- 
 pire. They did not know how foon fuch a 
 formidable Prince might aim at the firft Dig" 
 nity in Germany, to the Oppreffion of every 
 Sovereignty but his own: The unfortunate 
 Charles the Sixth, the laft Heir Male of the 
 Houfe of Aufiridy was the Perfon who intro- 
 duced the Ruffians into the Empire, by calling 
 them to his AfTiftancc in the War of 1733. 
 A large Body of them actually marched to the 
 Rhine at his Requeft ; and the Czarina Anne 
 promifed another of the fame Force, in Cafe 
 of NecefTity. Towards the clofe of the War 
 of 1 74 1, Rujffia made a refpedlable Figure; 
 and, according to fome PoHticians, contribu- 
 ted not a little to the Peace of Aix la Chapelle, 
 Thirty feven thoufand Negotiators of this Na- 
 tion came into Germany ; The firft Column of 
 them reached Furth ; The fecond, Ebelfeld, in 
 the Biihoprick of Bamberg ; The third advan- 
 ced beyond Hoffin Moravia. A Junftion was 
 originally intended between thefe Troops and 
 the Allies in the Low Countries ; but France 
 arrefted them in their Progrefs, by a Conven- 
 tion, which ihe made at Aix with Great-Bri* 
 tain and the States General, on the 2d of Au- 
 gufi 1748. She ftipulated on her fide to fend 
 a proportionate Number of her Forces, which 
 were then in the Low Countries, into the in- 
 teriour Parts of her Dominions, upon the im- 
 
 T 2 mediate 
 
 M'. 
 
 nl 
 
 :..!';, 
 
 :*i^ i 
 
292 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 K ml 
 
 m 
 
 mm. 
 
 n ■ 
 
 mediate Signature of this Convention ; and 
 to disband the fame Troops, or an equal Num- 
 ber, within one Month after (he had received au- 
 thentic Intelligence of the Departure of thefe 
 Ruffian Auxiliaries from Germany y tovr ards their 
 own Country. In the War of 1756, the Rujji- 
 ans added Difcipline to Valour; and brought 
 the firft Prince in Germauy to the very Verge 
 of Ruin. Let therefore the Minifters of every 
 fouthern Potentate think with Serioufnefs, be- 
 fore they fpread frefh Temptations in the way 
 of thefe Northern Heroes, which may prevail 
 upon them in the End to exchange a cold un- 
 comfortable Climate for an advantageous Set- 
 tlement in a mild and temperate Country. 
 
 > • • I . " 1..' 
 
 It does not appear that the Swedes had any 
 private or perfonal Quarrel with the Brother of 
 their Queen : Their only real one was with the 
 Treaty which they concluded at Stockholm on 
 the 2ift oi January 1720 N. S. By this Trea- 
 ty, a Part of Swedijb Pomerania was ceded to 
 the Houfe of Brandenburg, To give a clearer 
 Idea of the Motives which prevailed upon Swe* 
 den to enter into the War, it may not be im- 
 proper to mention the Swediflo and P ruffian 
 Pretenfions to that Province. Upon the Death 
 of Bolejlausy Duke of Pomerania, whofe Fa- 
 mily had enjoyed this Dutchy 700 Years, the 
 legal Right of Succeffion to all Pomerania 
 devolved upon the Houfe of Brandenburg: 
 But Guftavus AdoLphus had already taken Pof- 
 feflion of it, and the Power of the Swedes was 
 
 in- 
 
Op the War. 
 
 293 
 
 vincible. The Eledor, who was the Anceftor 
 of the prefent King of Prujia^ afferted his 
 Claim in a curious and lingular Manner : Ht 
 fent a Trumpet to the States of the Dutchy, 
 and ordered them to fall upon the Troops of 
 Siveden : He was afterwards obliged to fubmit 
 to NecefTity, and to cede the bed and moft 
 fruitful Part of Pomerania to his Competitor, 
 by the Treaty of Weftpbalia. Upon the Defeat 
 of Charles the twelfth at Pultowa, it was natu- 
 ral to expedl that the Affairs of Sweden would 
 be brought into a miferable lituation. In Fa(5l, 
 they were fo : Ruffians^ Danest PruJ/ianst and 
 Saxons, united to crufh a falling Power. Fr^- 
 deric William King of Prufjia paid 400, 000 
 Crowns to Denmark 2in(\.Ru//ia for Stetin, which 
 he agreed to hold in Sequeftration : The Re- 
 gency of Sweden confented to this Bargain; but 
 Charlesy untradable in every Fortune, refufed 
 to ratify it. The King of Priijjia afterwards 
 offered to deliver up Stetin^ on the Re-payment 
 of the 400, 000 Crowns, and on a Promife 
 from the King of Sweden, that he would not 
 invade either Saxony or Poland through Pome- 
 rania: But this Offer never took Effedt. Charles 
 the twelfth being killed in 17 18 at the Siege 
 of Frederickfiadt in Norway, the Swedes made 
 great Sacrifices for the Sake of Peace : By the 
 third and nineteenth Articles of the Treaty of 
 Stockholm, they granted t\itC'ity oi St et in, the 
 Diftrid between the Oder and the Pehne, the 
 Ifles of WolUn and Ujedom (which command 
 the Navigation of the Oder) together with the 
 i T 3 Cities 
 
 '■;.>;■ 
 

 ;f' IfvLtJ 
 
 iff 
 
 m 
 
 "jf .I'll 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 
 MM 
 
 I 
 
 .m .... 
 
 »■ .'; 
 
 "m 
 
 
 294 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 Cities of Damm and Golnaw fituated beyond 
 the Oder^ to the King of PrtiJJia in Perpetuity; 
 to be poiTeffed by that Monarch, exadly as they 
 had been by Sweden^ according to the tenth 
 Article of the Treaty oi k^ejiphalia. The King 
 of Prujfia, on his Part, engaged to pay two 
 Millions of Rixdollars to the Queen oi Sweden, 
 Things remained upon the Footing of this 
 Treaty till 1757, when the Danger which fur- 
 rounded and threatened the prefent King of 
 FruJJia on every Side, feemed to point out to 
 Sweden the critical Opportunity of recovering 
 the Places which fhe had relinquifhed * She 
 therefore entered into a fecret Convention with 
 the Court oi Vienna j ftipulated to make a Di- 
 vcrfion in Favour of the Enemies of Frijffia, 
 and was promifed, in Return, the PofTertion of 
 a Part of Fomerania, This Fadt was infifted 
 upon in the Memorial of the Court of Berlin. 
 The King knew (fays that Memorial) that it 
 was the Acquifition of this Province, ceded 
 by the moft folemn Treaties, and fold for con- 
 liderable Sums to the late King of FruJjia^ 
 which was the Objecft of the Ambition of 
 Sweden, and the Reafon of her Enterprize, 
 whilft the Peace of V/eftpbalia was to be the 
 Pretext. — After a Contefl equally tedious and 
 infignificant, Sweden was difpofed to leave off 
 jufl: where (he had begun: This firft, and baf- 
 fled Attempt, will in all Probability deter her 
 from entertaining any Thoughts of a fecond, 
 for many Years to come. r -, . . 
 
 The 
 
Of the War. 
 
 3^1 
 
 The prefent Century has been fatal to Saxo- 
 7iy : Her Didrcircs indeed are extreme, and 
 more properly a Subjedft for Pity, than for 
 DifTertation. Under King Augujius the Father^ 
 the Eledlorate became a Prey to Charles the 
 twelfth, who made it his military Cheft, and 
 fubfifted his Army out of its Revenues. The 
 Repartee of King Augiijlus deferves to be re- 
 peated here : When Paikel the Livoniany who 
 had ferved as an Officer in the Saxon Troops, 
 was condemned by the Senate oi Stockholm to 
 lofe his Head for High Treafon, he endeavour- 
 ed to obtain his Pardon by pretending to com- 
 municate the Secret of the Philofopher's Stone. 
 Charles reje(5ted the Applications which were 
 made in his Favour : Upon which Auguflus 
 obferved, " that it was no Wonder the King 
 of Sweden fhewed fuch Indifference about 
 the Philofopher's Stone, fnice he had found 
 it in Saxony." Under King Augnfiiisthe Son, 
 this Electorate has twice felt the Superiority of 
 Pruffia; and there is hardly a fingle Calamity 
 of War, to which it is a Stranger : It has af- 
 forded a convincing Proof to the World, that 
 in the Dii^iutes between the Houfes of Aiijlria 
 and Brandenkirg, 
 
 imp ar thus fe hnmlfcidt Armis. 
 
 For three Years, the King of Pruffia main- 
 tained himfeif in the Poileffion of Drejden : 
 During that Time, this rich and harralfed 
 Country was obliged to anfwer every Demand 
 which the NecelTities of a Conqueror prefcrib'd. 
 ;. » Saxo?2y 
 
 *i 
 
 it 
 
 iC 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 ■'•I 
 
 'K'i 
 
 ii!^!.; 
 
296 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 a 
 
 
 h 
 
 J' '"I "5 ' »l1D! 
 
 !«li 
 
 
 »»rii 
 
 ,•,1, 
 
 Saxony is now divided between its Friends and 
 Enemies ; Drefden is yet in the Hands of the 
 AuJirianSi and Lelpjick in thofe of PruJ/ia, 
 General Haddick and the Prince of Stolberg 
 had obtjjin'd fome important Advantages over 
 Prince Henry in the middle of laft 06lober ; 
 They flattered themfelves that thofe Advanta- 
 ges would have been permanent, for the Sea- 
 fon of the Year had already proved Iharp and 
 rigorous; a Quantity of Snow had fallen the 
 very Day after their Succefs, which was dri- 
 ven by a Wind fo cold, as to pervade the warm- 
 cfl Cloathing: But all their promifing Expec- 
 tations were of a fhort Duration. Prince Henry, 
 at the Head of an infcriour Force, fupported 
 by the Abilities and Intrepidity of the Gene- 
 rals Kleijit Seidlitz, Stutterheim the Elder, and 
 Bellingi gave a compleat Defeat to the Aujlri^ 
 ans and Imperialijis under the Prince of Stol^ 
 herg, reftored the Honour of the Prujjian Arms, 
 and eflablifhed himfelf firmly in his Fart of 
 the Eled:orate. The Lofs of the Enemy at a 
 moderate Computation amounted to 7000 Men; 
 whilft that of the Conqueror hardly exceeded 
 1400. When Peace is onpe more concluded 
 in Germany, we may flatter ourfelves that King 
 Augujlus, reclaimed by Experience, will take 
 a Leflbn from his Misfortunes, and prevent a 
 Repetition of thefe E^^-ils by a total Change of 
 his political Syftem: Nothing lefs than a fet- 
 tled and perfedt Tranquility, can ever repair 
 the Defolation, which his hereditary Domini- 
 ons have fuiFered, or enable him to recover 
 
 his 
 
 <c 
 
 (< 
 
 <( 
 
Of the War. 
 
 297 
 
 (C 
 
 re 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 <c 
 
 <( 
 
 his Confideration and Influence amongft the 
 
 Princes of the Empire. < ' 
 
 ■ ■ • , . . • 
 
 Voltaire has ftated the Nature of thofe ClaitnSy 
 which the King of Pruffia iirft made upon 5/- 
 lefia, with an elegant Brevity. ** II y pr^tcn- 
 doit quatre Duches, dont fa Maifon avoit 
 ^te, autrefois en PofleiTion, par dcs Achats 
 & par des Adles de Confraternity. Ses Ayeux 
 avoient renonce a toutes leurs Pretcnfions 
 par des Tranfadlions reiter^es parce qu* ils 
 etoient foibles ; II fe trouva puifTant, & il les 
 reclama." Silijia is, at preient, in no Dan- 
 ger of changing its Mafter : Aujhia left to her- 
 felf alone will manage with Difficulty an un- 
 equal War. It is to be wifhed, rather than ex- 
 pelled, that the Emprefs Queen of Hungary^ 
 and the King of Pruffia^ would at lail drop the 
 Memory of their old Provocations, and permit 
 the true Intereft of their refpedive Countries 
 to prevail overth mutual Injuries which they 
 have done and fuJTered. A firm and cordial 
 Friendfliip between two fuch powerful Sove- 
 reigns would loon heal the Wounds of Ger- 
 many : Political Diftra6tions, intermixed with 
 religious Dil^erences, have long weakened the 
 Empire ; and the Weaknefs of the Empire has 
 been the Strength of France. — The following 
 extraordinary Anecdote fs too remarkable to be 
 omitted in this Place, efpecially as it refts upon 
 fufficient Authority; but whether it moft di- 
 ftinguiflies the Spirit or the Jlrt of the Em- 
 prefs Queen, I will not t$ke upon me to deter- 
 mine. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 i.if 
 
 i 
 
 l!,„'i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
29B 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 
 mm, # 
 
 mine. In the Year 1758, while the King of 
 Pri/^a was belieging Olmutz; the French Am- 
 bafTador, alarmed at the probable Confequen- 
 ces of that King's Succefs, was defirous of per- 
 fuading the Emprefs Queen to think of fome 
 Terms of Accommodation. He ventured to 
 afk her, if, in Cafe of bad Fortune, (he would 
 wai : for her viftorious Enemy at Vienna^ and 
 ftand a Siege in her Capital ? No, Sir, faid that 
 Princefs ; when he advances to Vienna^ I will 
 retreat to Frejburg: And what, Madam, re- 
 plied the AmbafTador, if Vienna fliould not be 
 able to arreft the Conqueror in his Progrefs ? 
 You will hardly throw yourfelfinto the Arms 
 of the T^urk, That I will never do, anfwer'd 
 the Emprefs; I will colledl my faithful Hun- 
 gartansy and perhaps I may give Battle to the 
 King before Prejburg: Should I be defeated, 
 I will write a Letter to him, in which I will 
 let him know that our Differences are inexpia- 
 ble-. That therefore I will meet him, at a Place 
 to be named, in my Poft-Chaife, with a Brace 
 of Piftols; That we will draw up near to each 
 other, and He iliall then perceive, that I have 
 a Courage above my Fortune, and a Refolution 
 fuperiour to my Sex. ■. • ? 
 
 The general Happinefs of Mankind would 
 tempt me to defire (if fuch a Defire correfpond- 
 ed with the eftabliihed Conftitution of Things) 
 that fomething fimilar to the lajl Determination 
 of our Houfe of Commons, in the Cafe of a con- 
 troverted Election, might eifpdtually take Place 
 
 in 
 
Of the War. 
 
 299 
 
 in the public Concerns of Europe ; And that 
 all future Treaties of Peace might carry with 
 them a certain and perpetual Obligation upon 
 the contracting Parties. Extenfive Power has 
 indeed been too frequently founded upon U- 
 furpation and V^iolence; But if the pillaged 
 States were never to be fatisfied, till they had 
 obtained the Reftitution of their difmembred 
 Provinces, there could not be any fuch Thing 
 as Peace in the World : War tranfers the Pro- 
 perty of the vanquiflied: And it is better to ac- 
 quiefce ^t once, even under an Adt of profpe- 
 rous Injuftice, than to be involved in a cruel 
 and endlefs Struggle upon a Difpute of Right. 
 
 It has been afierted upon fair Grounds of 
 Probability, that France was drawn with Re- 
 luctance into her clofe Connections with Spain*, 
 That fhe did not care to increafe the Load of 
 her own Difficulties, by taking thofe of another 
 upon herfelf j That fhe would have finally de^ 
 fifted from her Pretenlions to a Satisfaction for 
 the Captures made upon her before the Decla- 
 ration of War, and that (he would not have 
 played herlaft deep Game of the Family Com- 
 pact, if (he had not previoufly loft the hope of ob- 
 taininga Peace upon thofe Conceihons, to v/hich 
 fhe had determined her Submiffion. Spam, on 
 the contrary, encouraged, a Continuation of the 
 War; flattering herfelf with the Expectation 
 of Seeing us at laft bend under our enor- 
 mous and growing Debt, and of feizing upon 
 that favourable Opportunity to plunge us into 
 ^ DeflruCtion. 
 
 .'( 
 
00 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 
 IliffilHIUiil 
 
 Deftrudlion. With a View to this Policy, the 
 Marquis ^^ Grimaldi ipnvzXtXy threw every Ob- 
 ftacle in the Way of Mr. StanleyL, which could 
 ferve to interrupt the Courfe of the Negotiati- 
 on. If thefe material Fadts fhould ever be clear- 
 ly ufcertained, it will be no cafy Matter to com- 
 prehend how or wherefore Peace came to drop 
 through our Hands in 1761. Nor let it be 
 imagined that Great- Britain and France were 
 moving on paripaffuy to Ruin: JVe had Glory 
 and Credit to lofe; France had loft both long 
 before: The Conftitution of our happy Govern- 
 ment fecures theFortune of the Subject. Britons 
 are free in the nobleft Senfe of the Word 
 
 — Soli magnis agitant fub Legibus /E/vum, 
 Amongft us, Individuals are rich in the midft 
 of national Poverty: In France, the public 
 Wants will be fupplied, whatever may be the 
 Fate of private Property. 
 
 I defire to be ranked in the Number of thofe 
 who refped: a late Adminiftration. I confefs 
 with Pleafure, that we were awakened from 
 a Lethargy of Defpairj that a new Life ani- 
 mated our Meafures, to the Amazement of our- 
 felves, and the Confulion of our Enemies; that 
 the Gentleman who took the Lead at this cri- 
 tical Seafon, formed and executed his Deligns 
 with the fame Spirit; that he was neither ftart- 
 led at Difficulties, nor intimidated by Expencej 
 that during the entire Continuance of his a<^i- 
 vity, Succefs attended, like an obedient Hand- 
 maid, upon his vigorous Councils: To him 
 •— therefore 
 
Op the War. 
 
 3or 
 
 therefore I may addrefs myfelf with Propriety, 
 in the Words of a Panegyrift, " Initium La^ 
 ** boris mrevy an Finemf Multum eft quod per^ 
 '* feverajii 5 Plus tameriy quod non timuijii ne 
 " per/ever are non pojjes" This able Minifter 
 withdrew himfelf aftewards from the Condudt 
 of pubhc Affairs : And I cannot help thinking 
 that he defcended one Moment from his Greats 
 nefs, when he voluntarily charged himfelf with 
 a fuppofed Fault, and indiredtly cenfured thofe, 
 who might be obliged to venture upon the Re- 
 petition of it; For he willingly owned, that he 
 had departed from his private Judgment at the 
 Time of his confenting to reflore to the French 
 the Liberty of fifhing upon the Banks of New- 
 founland: He owned too that he had yielded in 
 this important Article, to prove his Readinefs 
 and Pradicability in the Courfe of the Nego- 
 tiation ; Yet he declared that the Expences of 
 another Year would be amply fatisfied, by ob- 
 taining an exclulive Right to the whole Fifhery 
 on thofe Banks. What he dtdt gave the French 
 an Advantage, which I am perfuaded, they 
 would have never parted with; What he y^?/.:/, 
 could not fail of being a Stumbhng Block in 
 the Way of any other Minifter. . . , 
 
 The glorious Events which marked the Pro- 
 grefs of our late War flill left behind them a 
 Weight and Oppreflion of Debt, which grew 
 heavier Year after Year, beyond the Experience 
 and Belief of the paft, and perhaps beyond the 
 poflible Ability of fucceeding Times. Govern- 
 ment 
 
mm m 
 
 fSteilir 
 
 M^Jj'F^ '( 
 
 f^ 
 
 i I'j 
 
 
 302 Chronological Annals 
 
 ment no longer impofes Taxes upon the Luxu- 
 ries or Comforts of Life; It has now reached 
 the NeceiTitics of it. Real and fenfible Wants 
 will raife the Price of Labour; The Price of 
 Labour will advance that of the Manufadture; 
 And the advanced Price of the Manufadture, 
 will enable the Rivals of our Trade to underfell 
 us in a foreign Market. The Failure of our 
 Negotiation in 1761. cofl us many Millions ; 
 The Failure of it in 1762. would have coft us 
 as many more ; And the nearer we approach- 
 ed our Dellrudtion, the Submiffion of our 
 Enemies would, I am afraid, have been at the 
 greater Diftance. Policy, Re^fon, Duty to 
 the prefent and to every future Generation, all 
 called upon us to flop here. A Peace well ad- 
 jufled, and well adminiflred, might relieve us 
 from fome of thofe Burthens, which a Conti- 
 nuation of the War would have certainly in- 
 creafed : And that Peace, confidered in a civil 
 or religious View, would probably be the mofl 
 durable, which left enough for ourfelves, and 
 yet gave fomething to our Enemies. There i* 
 a Defpotifm by Sea as well as by Land ; And 
 if we had affedled to be upon the Ocean, what 
 we have often accufed France of labouring to 
 be upon the Continent; Our averfion would 
 not have been to the Power, but only to the 
 Hand which held it. Like a victorious Wrefl- 
 ler at the old Olympic Games, we are deferved- 
 ly proud of thofe mighty Efforts, which wc 
 have made ; Like him too, we fhould remem- 
 ber, that we are weakened and debilitated 
 
 even 
 
Of the Wbr 
 
 S03 
 
 Luxu- 
 reachcd 
 Wants 
 ^rice of 
 fafture; 
 fadture, 
 nderfell 
 of our 
 illions ; 
 ; coft us 
 proach- 
 of our 
 n at the 
 Duty to 
 tion, all 
 well ad- 
 dieve us 
 a Conti- 
 linly in- 
 n a civil 
 the moft 
 ves, and 
 There i» 
 dj And 
 m, what 
 uring to 
 n would 
 y to the 
 1 Wreft- 
 eferved- 
 (lich wc 
 remem- 
 bilitated 
 even 
 
 I 
 
 even by the very Exertion of our Strength ! 
 Time and undifturbed Reft are neceflary to 
 refrefh and recruit our exhauftcd Spirits. Let 
 us therefore refledt with a grateful Satisfadion, 
 that the Conquefts which we have retained, will, 
 under the Protection of Providence, place our 
 Colonies beyond the Reach of future Infult, and 
 will extend our Navigation and Commerce; 
 Whilft thofe which we have reftored, will 
 ferve as a convincing Proof to the World, that 
 we have been fighting for Seciinty, not Am- 
 bition. Permit me therefore to apply to my 
 Country, the expreffive Words which Pliny 
 applied to Tnijan, *' Ut ipja nolis pugnare, 
 " Moderatio ; Fort kudo tua f raj} at, ut neque 
 ** Hojies tui velint.'' 
 
 The Study of the Roman Hiftory generally 
 makes a Part of our early Education j And the 
 dangerous Merits of thofe Republicans are fo 
 deeply imprefled upon our tender Minds, that 
 we are apt to confider every Thing which re- 
 lates to them undf=;ran habitual Prejudice. Yet 
 Romey in Fa6t, x/as the Tyrant, and the Op- 
 preflbr of ManHnd: Her Ambition and her 
 Valour were equally unbounded; One Con- 
 queft was the Prelude to another; And her 
 own particular Glory became the Caufe of 
 univerfal Mifery. We feemed, not long ago, 
 to be adting upon the fame Principles, and to 
 influenced by the fame domineering Spirit; 
 But we did not recoiled:, that in the brighteit 
 Times of the Commonwealth, Poverty v/as 
 
 S'l'l 
 
 :l 'I 
 
 Uv 
 
 .■[■;l . 
 
 ^1. 
 
 com- 
 
304 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 
 m 
 
 ir,.'! 
 
 I' 
 
 j IS 'lV\*.'f !'!:,(> ■•l'';'^ 
 
 
 compatible with Greatnefs. Confuls and Di6la- 
 tors dcfpifed Wealth as heartily as they de* 
 f^ifed an Enemy. , . . 
 
 , ... Privatus illls Cenfus erat hrevis ,, •, 
 Commune magnum. 
 
 The Cafe of this Country is unfortunately 
 the Reverfe ; And I hope we ihall never imi- 
 tate Roman Pride, without the fmalleft Preten- 
 fion to Roman Virtue. If we are ready enough 
 to admire the military Perfedions of Rome; 
 we are not lefs fo to boaft of her Laws and 
 of her Liberty: But by one of the Laws of 
 .the Twelve Tahlesy a capital Punifhment was 
 cnadled againll the Publifliers of defamatory 
 Compofitions: It is contained in few Words; 
 Si quis Carmen accent aj/itt quod alt eri Flagitium 
 faxiti Capital ejlo, C/r^ro declares his full Appro- 
 bation of this Law; Praclare; Judicis enim ac 
 Magiftratuum Dijceptationibus legitimise propO" 
 Jitam Vitamt non Poetarum Ingeniis, habere de^ 
 bemits ; nee Probrum . audire, niji ea LegCy ut 
 .refpondere liceat, et Judicio defendere. Our own 
 Laws are particularly tender of every Man's 
 Reputation : The Reafon is fenfible and evident; 
 The Charader of a Man is his Property ; and 
 it is the nobleft that he can poffibly acquire ; 
 A Jury of Englijkmen will in moft Cafes con- 
 fider any great Injury done to the Fame in the 
 fame Maimer as if it had been done to the 
 Fortune of another. If a fair and honeft Name 
 is dear to the meaneft Individual, I prefume 
 it is equallly fo to thofe who fill an high Station, 
 
 and 
 
Of the War. 
 
 S05 
 
 and arc charged with the Affairs of Govern* 
 ment. Succcfsful Obloquy, in the latter In- 
 flance, is of a worfe Complexion ; because it 
 fpreads a fatal Poifon far and wide, and makes 
 even the Virtues of our fuperiours dangerous 
 to thcmfelves, and ufelefs to their Country. 
 I wifh the Gentlemen who indulge and cherifh 
 a Fault of this Malignity, would confider both 
 its Guilt and its Aggravations. ■'> 
 
 -',*n. 
 
 It is one of the clearcft and moft indilputa- 
 ble Principles of Liberty, that the Governed 
 have a Right to interpofe their Opinion upoa 
 every Subjedt of national Importance; Yet the 
 more important the Subjed: is, the greater 
 ought to be the Decency and Candour with 
 w^iich it is debated. A fober Appeal to the 
 Reafon of the People will always be attended 
 to with Pleafure, and often with Convidtion : 
 But an inflammatory Addrefs to their Weak,- 
 nefTes, or their Prejudices, is nothing better 
 than a LM upon Freedom itfelf. It turns 
 into Poifon the very Food which was intended 
 for our Noarifhment, and fhakes our whole 
 political Syltem under the Pretence of preforv*- 
 ing it: And I could almod venture to a£k my 
 Countrymen in their cooler and more difpai&!- 
 onate Moments, if the popular Sufpicion and 
 Jcaloufy which brake out with fo much Fury 
 on the firft Report of the negotiating of the 
 Preliminaries, did not offer Violence to the 
 acknowledged Prerogative of the Crown, af- 
 front the Virtues of the Prince who wears it, 
 
 U and 
 
 i. 
 
 ^1 
 
 < d 
 
 
 !■ 
 
 !(>■' 
 
 m i 
 
 It:'. 
 
 r ■ ■ 
 
 
 ■' W 
 

 306 Chronological Annals 
 
 and proftitute, to the Purpofes of Fadion, the 
 boafted Liberty of the Prefs ? What the con- 
 flitntional Liberty of the Prefs is, it may he 
 diJi'lcult to fay with Precilion; Perhaps, like 
 the Privilege of the Peerage, it is more fecure 
 by not being ftridlly and minutely defined : 
 And every one who wifhes well to this Liber- 
 ty, (as I very cordially do) fhould wifli alfo 
 that the Blafphemy and Licentioufnefs of the 
 prefent Age, the wanton Abufe of Religion 
 and Government, may not render it neceSary 
 for the Legillaturc to determine its Boundaries 
 by a clear and pofitive Law. 1 ./' , .5 » ; 
 
 in Vitium Liberia^ ■ excidat, et Vim 
 
 ...>./.. Dignam Lege regi, ■. •" .vl i 
 
 ~ Eut I think it is eafy to fay what is not the 
 conflitutional Liberty of the Prefs. It is not 
 then the Overflowing of perfonal Calumny and 
 Inventive ; It is not the Sowing of Sedition in 
 the Hearts of the People, and the feducing of 
 their Affedions from their native Sovereign ; 
 It \& not the torturing of Texts of Scripture to 
 the moll profane Senfes, in equal Defiance of 
 the Laws of God and Man. Whoever com- 
 •mits thefe enormous Ofi^ences againft his Coun- 
 try, and yet pretends to flielter himfelf under 
 the Privilege of the Prefs, appears to me to 
 :be adting the Part of another Clodius, who 
 tfirft deftroyed the Houfe of Cicera, and after- 
 wards had the Affurance to confecrate the 
 
 .2.-^U;,; ,;■ ,..., ,. • ':. •,•>'• .■•:•' >i < whole 
 
Of the War. 
 
 3^7 
 
 whole Area upon which it flood to the God- 
 defs Liberty. • . 
 
 ' I 
 
 TheMafk of public Zeal covers the Deformi- 
 ty ofprivateRefentmt.it. ** P otentia apudUmmi ', 
 ** Odium, apud Omnes," is an Axiom pradlically 
 recommended by modern Politicians: Tacitus 
 applies it to alow and worthlefsCharadter; They 
 are fbr giving to it a free and unlimited Appli- 
 cation. He who enjoys the Power, ought in- 
 deed to guard againil: the Hatred, with every 
 Degree of Circumfpedlion and Addrefs. If the 
 Hatred muft necelTarily purfue him, ftill Com- 
 mon Senfe will perfuadc him to tread careful- 
 ly a flippery Path ; and to make the Effects of 
 fuch an Hatred juilly chargeable upon the 
 Condudl of his Adverfaries, not his own. He 
 will never difguft Equals by Haughtinels, or 
 Inferiours by Contempt; For that would be 
 to brave an impetuous Torrent, which nothing 
 can oppofe. A Strength able to defeat Relilt- 
 ance, is only to be maftered by Dexterity. 
 
 I do net know, even by Sight, the noble 
 Lord who has long been honoured with the 
 Confidence of his Prince; I am willing to be- 
 lieve that he has not yet deferved to forfeit this 
 Confidence, by vitiating the Mind of his Ma- 
 fler with falfe Knowledge, or licentious Opi- 
 nions : It has been afTerted, that he was better 
 qualified to a<5t the Part of a Schoolmafler, 
 than of a Minifler: Let him therefore be 
 intitled to the Credit of having encouraged 
 
 U 2 thofe 
 
 »< 
 
p;n 
 
 
 308 Chronological Annals 
 
 thofe happy Principles which he found in his 
 royal Scholar, and which have already render- 
 ed him the Delight of his Subjeds : And when 
 this Credit (hall ripen more and more by the 
 improving Teftimony of his Majefty's Virtues, 
 perhaps it may at lad be rewarded with the 
 Approbation of a grateful People. 
 
 Abilities and Integrity arc the great Quali- 
 fications which the Spirit of our Conftitution 
 tequires in thofe who are nominated to the firft 
 Offices of Government : If there is no Defi- 
 ciency here, it will be a Matter of extreme In- 
 difference to me, fF/jo are Miniilersj Only 
 Duty and Inclination oblige me to rejpe^ the 
 Choice of my Sovereign : But if once the Na- 
 tion • worked up into a Difpute, not about 
 Things, but about Perfonsj If Prctenfions to 
 Truft and Influence fhall be regarded as a Right 
 of Prefcription under one Man, and Ihall yet 
 be deemed haughty and tyrannical under ano- 
 ther j I cannot then but lament the Infatuati^ 
 on of my Countrymen, who have countenan- 
 ced fuch a Variety of incendiary Papers, to 
 prove this particular Perfon a Favourite, and 
 to promote the Views of an infolent Ariflocra- 
 cy. The Law is a Stranger both to th€ one and 
 the other J But there is this eflential Difference 
 between them ; An Ariftocracy is always for- 
 midable j A Favourite is feldom fo, when the 
 Affedions and Interefts of the Prince are known 
 to be infeparably united with the Public Good. 
 And let us not be deceived by an idle Notion, 
 
 that 
 
Of the War. 
 
 309 
 
 in his 
 chder- 
 l when 
 3y the 
 irtues, 
 ith the 
 
 Quali- 
 titution 
 the firft 
 o Defi- 
 erne In- 
 5} Only 
 Ml the 
 the Na- 
 ot about 
 ifions to 
 i a Right 
 Ihall yet 
 der ano- 
 nfatuati* 
 untenan- 
 apers, to 
 rite, and 
 
 riftocra- 
 e one and 
 )ifFerence 
 ways for- 
 when the 
 ire known 
 )lic Good. 
 
 e Notion, 
 that 
 
 that the Eredlionof an Ariftocratical Power in 
 this Kingdom will ftifle the Rage of Party- 
 Divifions amongft us. The Confederacy of 
 great Men is difTolvcd, as foon as the Rival 
 Authority which conneded it is fubdued. 
 An honell Irijhman once ventured to fhut fomc 
 Game Cocks up together, becauje they wen 
 matched on the fame Side-, But upon his return- 
 ing to feed them, he difcovercd with Afto- 
 nifhment, that for Want of an Enemy, they 
 had begun the Battle amongft themfelves, and 
 were adlually picking out each otheVs Eyes. 
 
 The fame Perfons who have clamoured 
 loudeft again ft the Preliminaries of Peace, 
 might perhaps have exalted their Voices againft 
 the Continuance of the War; fuch Gentlemen 
 even Impoilibilities would not fatisfy. A fair 
 and temperate Judgment of the Merit or De- 
 merit of any Peace is not to be formed upon 
 the fingle Confideration of the Articles them- 
 felves, but upon an exadl Knowledge of the 
 Comparative Situation and Ability of the con- 
 tending Parties at that particular Point of 
 Time in which the Peace is made. — A War 
 upon the Continent, incapable of being main- 
 tained or relinquifhed ; An unfortunate Ally, 
 whom it was equally dangerous to abandon or 
 to defend ; A gallant Nation, confuming itfelf 
 between Hanover and Portugal and almoft' 
 overpowered by a full Tide of Succefs j Thefe 
 Circumftances, combined together, obliged us 
 to conflilt our immediate and future Safety. 
 
 U 3 The 
 

 1 'li^mj/t 
 
 ?i 
 
 
 im 
 
 
 lm 
 
 mim 
 
 i 
 
 Wn 
 
 , ' M 
 
 I'MI^ 
 
 
 310 ClIKONOLOGlCAL AnNALS 
 
 T!i'' Reader may perceive the gradual Incrcafc 
 of our annual Rxpcncc, if he willcalt his Eye 
 upon the Ibllowinti: Account. Having hccn 
 niiflt'd myfelfhy erroneous Calculation.^ of the 
 Supplies granted hy Parliament during thcWar, 
 and having printed thefc Calculations at the 
 Knd of the refpedlivc Years j it is particularly 
 incumbent upon mc to corre(fl my own Mif- 
 takes: I have therefore faithfuHv e::traded this 
 Account from the fevcral appropriating Adls, 
 and from thole alone. 
 
 Years. : Supplies. 
 
 1755 
 1756 
 
 1758 
 
 '759 
 1760 
 
 1761 
 
 1762 
 
 4,520,327. 12 
 7'9»5i43o. 4 
 
 io,475» 7- ^ 
 
 »2,705»339- 3 
 H»6j6,93o. 15 
 
 17,301,119. 19 
 
 51 
 
 9^ 
 
 2 
 
 Total 
 
 92,679,215. 02 
 
 1 ','f ^||M 
 
 M^ 
 
 li'^^9 
 
 Hn 
 
 ^ 
 
 iP^ 
 
 n 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 III 
 
 ffi 
 
 n 
 
 The Supplies granted hy 
 Parliament f or iJae Service of 
 thcYear i754{wnichwasthe 
 laft Year of Peace) amounted 
 to two Millions two hundred 
 iixty five thoufand and fixteen 
 Pounds tenShillings and two- 
 pence ', If the Reader multi- 
 plies this Sum by eight (the 
 
 {■ : . 
 
 ..: .U ,...f,r. 
 
 > i 
 
 ' ';;..U*' (y.i^tf . 
 
 ■ 1 : 
 
 - * - J # . - 
 
 y 
 
 •-'> i>;u,,.ij. 
 
 . t 
 
 ^!rj>;.,,jH >■ • 
 
 » 
 
 . 'U; .A\^y:},: 
 
 
 I-'"*'"'. ..r^'r'A? 
 
 . ) 
 
 
 Years 
 
•■f^ 
 
 Or THE War. 
 Years of the War) it will 
 
 come to 
 
 311 
 
 18, 120, 132. 14 
 
 And the multiplied Sum 
 being deducted from the 
 great Total above, the Re- 
 mainder will be 
 
 74)559>oi^3- o ^ 
 
 ■ f I 
 
 This Remainder Is, to a 
 Trifle, the extraordinary Ex- 
 pencewhich the Government 
 has incurred in the Prol'ecu- 
 tion of the late War. Twelve 
 Millions more at leaft (I am 
 afraid) are ftill wanting, and 
 muft be raifed, to enable the 
 Publick to re-enter upon its 
 own standing Revenue, and 
 to difcharge Anticipations, 
 Exchequer-Bills, the Navy- 
 Debt, the bringing home of 
 our Armies and Fleets from 
 the different Parts of the 
 World, and the fubfequent 
 difbanding of them. Thefe ^ 
 Twelve Millions being added "^ 
 to the Account, the War 
 will, upon the whole, have *. , 
 coll this Nation the ama- 
 
 86,559,083. 
 
 tr 
 
 f{ t 
 
 
 t ' 4 Li < 
 
 zins: Sum of 
 
 .1 ^.h 
 
 o 8 ? 
 
 .V) I 
 
 ■ . tt 
 
 r - 
 
 : < > 1 ( • > 
 
 .^. .- 
 
 
 x*r 
 
 In 
 
 \ 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 1I 
 
 II 
 
 i 
 if 
 
 I 
 
5'^ 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 I: 
 
 m 
 M 
 
 '■ ii .-i» 
 
 
 It is impoffible to fuppofe that the ordinary 
 Charg;c of Government in Time of I'eace, can 
 be circumfcribed within the Limits of that Sun!> 
 which was raifed in the Year 1754. Oar ad- 
 ditional PolTeflions demand an additional Ex- 
 pence. But we may hope^ that the regular 
 Commerce flowing in upon us from our Con- 
 quefts and the Ceilions made to us, will in a 
 few Years anfwer this Expence, by a propor- 
 tionate Increafe of the finking Fund. pGrtugal 
 may alfo favour our Trade, either by taking 
 off the Duty which (he impofed upon it foon 
 after the Earthquake, or by abolifhing the kte 
 Monopoly of Brandy : We have not ungene- 
 roufly worked upon the Fears of a difireffed 
 Kingdom j and we may reafonably expedl a 
 Recompence, from the Gratitude of one which 
 wt hzve relieved, ' . : .'^^.r" ri. ; n 
 
 In this State of Things, the Preliminaries of 
 Peace have been iigned and ratified : By the 
 feveral Articles of the Preliminaries, the moil 
 Chriftian King guaranties to Great-Britain in 
 the moft ample Form, the following Trads of 
 Country in America; Nova-Scotia, or Acadia^ 
 with all its Dependencies ; Canada, with all 
 its Depedencies ; The Ifland of Cape-Breton, 
 with all the other Iflands in the Gulph and 
 River of St. Lawrence; The River and Port 
 bf Mobile, and €rery Thing that the faidKing 
 does or ought to poficfs on the left or Eaft Side 
 of the River Miffijftppi; (the Town and. Ifland 
 
 of 
 
\,l' 
 
 Of the War. 
 
 3^3 
 
 of New-Orleans only excepted;) fixing irre- 
 vocably the Boundaries of the French and Bri- 
 t^ Dominions upon the Continent of Norths 
 America* by a Line drawn along the middle 
 of the River Miffijippi from its Source down 
 to the River IbervUle, and by another Line 
 drav/n along the middle o^ the latter River, 
 and of the Lakes Maurepas ^nd Ponuhartrain 
 to the Sea or Gulph of Mexico ; declaring tb« 
 Navigation of the MiffiJIippi to be exempted 
 from every Duty, and entirely free and open 
 to the Subjcds of both Nations in its vi^hole 
 Breadth and Length, from its Source ta tho- 
 faid Sea or Gulph of Mexico^ and that Part 
 exprejly w^hich is between the If! and of New 
 Orlc'dns and the right or weft Bank of the- 
 Mijfijippi, together with the Paflage both in 
 and out of the Mouth of that River. — The 
 moft Chriftian King guaranties in like Man- 
 ner, to Great Britaift, the Iflands of Grenada^ 
 Qrenadillasy St, VincenU Dominica^ zndTa&a- 
 go, — In jljrica, Senegal is guarantied to Us. 
 Iji A/ia, the moft Chriftian King renounces 
 the Acquifitions which he has made on the 
 Coaft of Coromandely fince the Comtiience-* 
 mcnt of Hoftilities betweeh the two Compa- 
 nies, in 1 749 ; and engages not to ere<S any 
 Fortifications, or to keep any Troops in Bengal. 
 hy this Engagement, the Territory and Trade 
 of the JE«gr//>^ Eaft*India Company are fecu- 
 r5d;.'hDdi wnich have been enlarged iince the 
 Year 1749^ hy the Power of their own Armi>, 
 and die Neocflitics of the Subas of Bengal, 
 fo In 
 
 I! 
 
; ^t^ttl' 
 
 1*4; Hi 
 
 Wsf'm 
 
 mm 
 
 if- 'CI, 
 
 314 Chronological Annals 
 
 In Europe, the mofl Chriftian King promifes 
 to rcflore Minorca to Great-^rkain -, and all 
 the Conquefts which he has nvade upon the 
 Dominions of Hanover, licjje, Brunfwick, and 
 Lippe-Buckebourg^ to their rcfpedive Sove- 
 reigns J and to replace faithfully all the Artil- 
 lery that Ihall have been removed from the 
 feveral FortrefTes : He engages alio to evacuate 
 OJlend and Nieuport-, together with Cleves, 
 WefeU Gueldre^, and, in general, all the Coun- 
 tries belonging to the King of PruJJia. This 
 Stipulation in Favour of his PruJJian Majefty, 
 and the Sum of 2,680,000/. Sterling which 
 that Prince has received from our Generofity, 
 by the feveral Conventions of the Eleventh of 
 April 2iX\^ the feventh of December 1758, the 
 ninth of November 1759, and the Twelfth of 
 December 1760, will be fufHcient Proofs to 
 Europe, that Great-Britain has not Been a 
 barren and an unprofitable Ally. — The Town 
 and Port of Dunkirk are to be put into the 
 State fixed by the lafl Treaty o(Aix la Chapelle, 
 and by former Treaties : The Cunette is to 
 remain in its prefent Condition, if the Britifl 
 Engineers (hall declare that it is only of Ufe 
 for the wholfomnefs of the Air and the Health 
 of the Inhabitants. ■ ' ■■.'■. v.i-...-".^.: 
 
 In Regard to Great-Britain and Spain, the 
 
 Catholic King delifls from his Pretenfion to 
 
 the Right of Fifliing about the Ifland of New- 
 
 fofindland'y fubmits the Validity of the Prizes 
 
 made upon his Subjects in Time of Peace, to 
 
 the 
 
Of the War. 
 
 315 
 
 the Determination of the Courts of Juftice of 
 Great-Britain j and affures to the Britijh Suhje(fts 
 trading for Logwood in the Baj^ of Eonduras, or 
 elfewhere, the free Exercife of that Branch of 
 Commerce, with theLiberty of building Hbufes 
 and Magazines; on this fole Condition, that the 
 Fortifications ere(fted in the Bay, and in the other 
 Parts of the SpaniJIj Territory, fliould be de- 
 molilhed within four Months after the Ratifi- 
 cation of the definitive Treaty. — The Catho- 
 lic Kin<.^ guaranties likewife 10 Great-Britain 
 all Florida^ ot the Pofreilions of Spain upon 
 the Continent of North- America to the Eaft 
 or to the South- Eaft of the P.iver Miffif/ippi'i 
 By ^his Ceffion, the vail Territory of Great-^ 
 Br- V upon that Continent is entirely and 
 pe. 1 .:.:>y conne6l:ed : Fort-AtiguJiinCy which 
 in former Wars committed frequent Depre- 
 dations upon the Trade of Charks-^OTon in 
 South-Carolina, will be put into our Hands ; 
 and a fenfible Service will be rendered to the 
 Commerce of that very flourifhing and impor- 
 tant Colony. - I ^i ■-''■ ' ■■ -^ 
 
 ■ i) 
 
 ■ The King of Fortiigal is exprefly included 
 in thefe Preliminaries, as ihe Ally of Great- 
 Britain : Every Thing taken from him in Eu- 
 rope or America is to be reftored ; and the 
 Peace and Friendihip which before fubfiil:ed 
 between France^ Spain, and Portugal, are to 
 be re-eflablifhed, • "^ • '- ; > ' •■•' 
 
 
 ••* > ■' 
 
 . f 
 
 ■n v.>\v.- 
 
 The 
 
 ' I 
 
 ■A 
 

 ,m:. 
 
 
 
 I- if' ■ -KE' «."■■■ ■■■>!'!■"■' •'■i 
 
 
 im 
 
 'jr »:,':'.r 
 
 [11,4$; ?■'«{?' 
 
 516 CHRONOLOGICAt AnNALS 
 
 "OJi 
 
 .'i' Xo.x 
 
 The Prifoners made on each Side during 
 the War are to be releafed : And the Sove- 
 reign of the Country in which they fhall have 
 been detained, is to receive Satisfaction for the 
 Subriftance and Maintenance which he has 
 iForded to them. 
 
 &< 
 
 Great-Britain and France mutually engage 
 themfelves to caufe all theirTroops in Germany 
 to retire as foon as poffible into the Territories 
 of their refpedtive Sovereigns, and not to fur- 
 nifh any Succour of any Kind to their Allies 
 in the Empire ; with this Exception, that the 
 moft Chriftian King (hall be at Liberty to ac- 
 quit all the Arrears of his former Subfidies. 
 
 By the latter Part of the Sixth Article of 
 the Treaty of Utrecht y the French King con- 
 fen ted and engaged, that he would not for the 
 Interefts of his Subjects hereafter endeavour to 
 obtain, or accept of, any other Ufage of Navi- 
 gation and Trade to Spain and the SpaniJJ: 
 Weji-IudieSi than what was pradlifed in the 
 Reign of the late King Charles the Second of 
 Spain, or than what (hould be likewife fully 
 given and granted, at the fame time, to other 
 Nations and People concerned in Tricde. The 
 Treaty of Utrecht is a Treaty which exifled 
 before the late War; And the prefent Preli- 
 minaries renew and confirm .all the Treaties, 
 of what Nature foever, which exifled before 
 the War; as well between Great -Britain and 
 
 France, 
 
Of the War. 
 
 3^7 
 
 Prance^ as between Great-Britain and Spain, 
 AS alfo between either of them and Portugal, 
 notmthjianding whatever may have beenftifu^ 
 latedto the contrary by any of the high contra^ 
 ing Parties; And all the faid Parties deckrc^^ 
 that they will not fufFer any Privilege, Favour* 
 or Indulgence to fuhjift, contrary to the l^rea- 
 ties above confirmed. Thus the Danger, with 
 which the Family Compadt menaced our com- 
 mercial Interefls, is, I hope, eiFedlually te- 
 moved. 
 
 -!-l 1^, 
 
 To recompence the Reftitutions and Ceffi-* 
 ons made on the Part oi France, Great- Br i** 
 tain confents that the Subjects of the moft 
 Chriftian King (hall have the Liberty of fifh- 
 ing and drying their Fifh on a Part of the 
 Coafts of Newfoundland, agreeably to the 13*'* 
 Article of the Treaty of Utrecht, and alfo of 
 fifhing in the Gulph of St, Laurence', with 
 this Referve, that the French fliall, in the Ex- 
 ercife of thefe Fiftieries, keep at the Diilance 
 of three Leagues from all the Coafts of the 
 Continent, or of the Illands in the Gulph of 
 St. Laurence, and at the Diftance of 1 5 Leagues 
 from the Coafts of the Ifland of Cape Breton. 
 The lilands of St, Pierre and Miquelon {the 
 former three Miles broad, and the latter fix) 
 are to be ceded to France for the Ufes of her 
 Fifliery, the moft Ghrifi:ian King obliging him- 
 felf upon his royai Word to eredt no Fortifi- 
 cations, and to maintain only a fmall Guard 
 of 50 Men for the Police. — Guadeloupe, Ma- 
 
 riegalante, 
 
 i f 
 
 •t * 
 
 I • 1 
 
 ' { 
 
 
 
i8 
 
 Chronological Annals 
 
 riegalante, DefiraJa, Martinico, and S". Lucie 
 or Santa-Lucia, are given back to France* 
 Thefe are the Terms granted to that Crown 
 in America, • In ^r/V^," Fr<7;?c^ recovers the 
 PoflTeffion of Goree, — In AJiay Pondicherry 
 ruin^e de fond en comble, is rell:ored to her; 
 together with the feveral Comptoirs which be^ 
 longed to her Eaji- India Company in Bengal, 
 and on the Coafls of Malabar and CoromandeL 
 This Reftitution fuperfedes that Part of the 
 Treaty concluded between the Nabob and the 
 EngliJJj Company in 1 7^7* ^" which the French 
 were for ever prohibited from fettUng in the 
 three Provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, 
 In Europe, the Ifland of Belleijle is given back 
 to France, ■> , . 
 
 •■ ■ ■■ r,\ ^ • 
 
 • The King of Great- Britain reflores to Spain 
 all that he has conquered in the Ifland of 
 Cuba* . , ,v.,"., .;-, ■ > ...;..::..• -j;.: : . ',.:.:.>'. 
 
 , ■ ' ' ■ ^ ' - t ' * ^ 
 
 The Time reciprocally permitted to the In- 
 habitants of the ceded Countries for their E- 
 migration, is fixed to Eighteen Months from 
 the Ratification of the definitive Treaty. 
 
 *- - ^-v-^^w- -.- 
 
 -/Between the Rupture of the Negotiation Jn 
 1761, and the Signature of the prefent Preli- 
 minaries, Great-Britain had acquired Marti^ 
 nico, Santa Lucia, St, Vincent, Grenada, the 
 Grenadillas, and the Havannah, J do not re* 
 colled that we took any formal jPofrefiion in 
 
 'Tobago,' -'.*■> M.«» i'l ^v^5^ "' '^ '-'/"' * 
 
 Portugal 
 
Of the War. 
 
 319 
 
 Portugal relieved, Florida ceded, and our 
 Difputes adjufted with Spam, are a reafonable 
 and folid Equivalent for the Havannah, . , ., 
 
 In Return for Martinico, we have obtained 
 the French PoflefTions on the left or Eaft Bank 
 of the Mijijippi, and the Cefiion of Grenada 
 
 with the Grenadillasy tV-^,;. -j,.,j-. .,4;;^.l;r.- 
 
 The following appear to me to be the mofl 
 material Variations between the Articles vvhich 
 mifcarried in 1761, and thefe which have been 
 now brought to Maturity. 
 
 ■^<:.\:\ 
 
 In 1 76 1, the Lakes Huron, Michigan, and 
 Superlour, were to be comprehended within 
 the Limits oi Canada ; and t:hefe Limits were 
 to be further defcribed and diftinguiflied by a 
 Line traced from the Lake Rouge, and taking 
 in, by a winding Courfe, the River Ouahachc, 
 to its Jundion wic he Ohio ; and from that 
 Junction, the faid jL-,ine was to continue along 
 the Ohio to its Point of Confluence with the 
 MiffiJJippi: But the two. Crowns were not per- 
 fedtly agreed in Regard to the Indian Nations 
 fituated between the Brltlfi Settlements and 
 the Mljjijjlppu — All Differences about the 
 Boundaries and the Indian Nations are now 
 happily terminated i The moll extenfive and 
 the cleai eft Limits are given to bur FolTefiions 
 on the Continent of North- America, beyond 
 the Reach of future Sophiftry and Debate. 
 
 In 
 
 't 1! 
 
 \\ 
 
^20 Chronological A^^nals 
 
 139 
 
 In 176 1, it was flipulated that the Sobjc^s 
 of France (hould exercife their Cod-Filhery 
 on a Part of the Coafts of Newfoundland 
 and in the River St, Laurence, according to 
 the Tenor of the 13*" Article of the Treaty 
 of Utrecht f abftaining from every other Part 
 of the Coafts belonging to Great^Britain, 
 whether of the Continent, or of the Iflands. 
 The Ifland of St. Pierre, without Fortificati- 
 ons, was to have been ceded to them for the 
 fole Purpofes of their own Fifhery, fubjeded 
 to the Refidence and Infpe<flion of an Englijh 
 CommifTary. — The Ifland of Miquelon is now 
 added to that of 6'/. Pierre \ Themoft Chrifti- 
 an King's royal Word is preferred to the keep- 
 ing of an Englijh CommifTary upon the Spot; 
 but the French are not permitted to fifh with- 
 in a certain fpecijied Dijiance of our Coafts. 
 
 In 176 1, the Fr^;/r^ demanded Akra and 
 Anamaboo in Exchange for Goree and Senegal^ 
 or Senegalin Exchange for Goree. — Now they 
 have obtained Gorde, ^ 
 
 In 1 76 1, we confented to treat of an equal 
 Partition of the four neutral Iflands; but 
 France infifted that Santa Lucia fhould be de- 
 clared a Part of her Divifion. — Santa Lucia 
 is now reftored to France, and the other three 
 remain with Great-Britain. 
 
 In 
 
^ Of the War. 
 
 3" 
 
 In 1 76 1, the French conftantly and per- 
 emptorily refufcd to evacuate and reftore the 
 Territory of the King of Pruffia. Now they 
 have confented to evacuate it. 
 
 In 1 76 1, the Difputes between the two 
 Companies in the Eaji- Indies were to be fettled 
 by Commiilaries, and to be concluded at the 
 fame time with the Negotiation between the 
 two Crowns. Now thefe Difputes are eifedu- 
 ally determined. 
 
 In 1 76 1, the French propofed and we re- 
 jedted a mutual and abfolute Renunciation of 
 the German War. Now this Meafure will 
 be carried into Execution. 
 
 In 1761, the French demanded Satisfadtion 
 for the Captures made upon their Trade before 
 the Declaration of War. — Now this Demand 
 is pafied over in profound Silence. 
 
 In 1 76 1, the Prifoners were to be recipro- 
 cally fet at Liberty without Ranfom. Now 
 Satisfadtion is to be made for their Mainte- 
 nance and Support, i 
 
 In 1 76 1, France declared that (he would 
 preferve the Cunette of Dunkirk for the Salu- 
 brity of the Air and the Health of the Inha* 
 bitants. -»- This Cunette is now fubjedted to 
 
 X th« 
 
 Hi. 
 
 i » 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
322 Chronological Annals 
 
 the Infpeftion and Judgment of the BritiJIj 
 Engineers.''" ••• »>">■ «".v.^f , *'^t va ,r>tKtif i 
 
 In 1 761, the Term of Emigration for the 
 Inhabitants of the ceded Countries was conAned 
 to one Year.— It is now enlarged to Eighteen 
 Months, • ' ;i>*v ,)\\ \ .A V'fc ;(v ( 
 
 ' Nothing can be reflored, which has not been 
 firft loji. If therefore we confider our Glory 
 and Acquiittions as dearly bought with the 
 Millions which they have coft us j What muft 
 the French think or fay, who have purchafed 
 Difgrace and LofTes at fuch an enormous Ex- 
 pence? 
 
 But it is now Time to difmifs the Reader j 
 and I hope he will pardon me, if I difmifs 
 him with a (hort Renedtion. It was a daring 
 and infamous Saying of a Marshal of France, 
 ** Le bon Dieu e toujours du CotS des grofs 
 ** Battalions^ I perfuade myfelf that the un- 
 exampled Succefs of the late War; the *• con- 
 *' teili ccedibus Campi, et infeSla ViStoriis Ma- 
 «' rid' have left a ferious Impreffion upon our 
 Minds, and inftrufted us to glory in acknow- 
 ledging that *• through God we have done thefe 
 «« great Adis, and that it was He who trod 
 <« down our Enemies.'* Yet fomething more is 
 wanting to perfedt our Gratitude; which is, 
 to exprefs it in our whole Conduct : Peace and 
 War, Life and Death, are in his Hands. Nati- 
 ons are rewarded and puniihed in this World. , 
 
 Public 
 
Of THE War. 
 
 323 
 
 Public Reformation belongs to our Governors j 
 Private, to every Individual in the Kingdom: 
 And let it be always remembred, that among 
 the various Bleflings w^hich are promifed to the 
 virtuous Pcrfon, this alfo is particularly men- 
 tioned, that, " Hejhalljee Jerufalem in Pro^ 
 ** Jperity all his Life long** Thus will the beft 
 Man, be, in Fadl, the befl Citizen; and the 
 fincereft Obferver of divine and human Laws, 
 will approve himfelf the trueft Friend to the 
 Peace and Happinefs of his Country- 
 
 ' I , 'v ■ ' : ' 
 
 ■U : 
 
 ■' •;» ^• • j: ■'.:., i 
 
 n 
 
 
 M i" 
 
 t i 
 
 I1 
 
 
 
 'i'\ .::''• 
 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 *t 
 
 ^;aL crjlp ^? 
 
 "/ 
 
 - ■V r 
 
 'J7 
 
 ,uh 
 

 ■{■] ul. 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 II 
 
 1* 
 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 The Reader is defired to obfervc, that any fup- 
 pofed Ambiguity in the wording of the Prelimi- 
 nary Articles, may, and doubtlefs will, be explain- 
 ed and removed by the Definitive Treaty : For bis 
 Majefty has been gracioufly pleas'd to declare, that, 
 in what remains to be done, the Publick may de- 
 pend upon the utmoil Care and Attention on his 
 Part to fettle every Thing which concerns the Inte- 
 refts of his Kingdoms upon a folid and durable 
 Foundation. The Affair of the Antigallican's 
 Prize (to which fome of the News-Papers have re- 
 ferred) could not have been introduced into the 
 Preliminaries with any Propriety, becaufe the Fif- 
 teenth Article fubmits the Validity of all Prizes 
 made upon Spain in Time of Peace, to the Deter- 
 mination of our own Courts. 
 
 The Compiler is fo diffident of himfelf, and lo 
 fearful of impofing upon the Reader, that he muft 
 entreat him not to take any of his Remarks upon 
 Truft, but to depend upon his own Judgment and 
 a more accurate Information. 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 :;'/\:. .■■ "■ ' ■ ' 
 
 •• -w 
 
 '■' "i 'i ■■■' ' 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 THESE Annah terminating with the 
 Signature of the Preliminaries, the 
 Compiler of them is cxcufed from taking No- 
 tice of any Fadls under a more recent Date. 
 But it will not be imputed to him as a Fault, 
 if he obferves that the Ratifications of the Pre- 
 liminaries were exchanged at Ferfailles, with 
 the Duke of Bedford, by the Minifters Pleni- 
 potentiary of France and Spain, on the 2 2d 
 of November 5 and that a Ceflation of Arms 
 was publifhed in Great^Britain, b) Prochma- 
 tion, on the 26th of the fame Month. 
 
 The following Accounts are prior to, or 
 of the fame Date, with the third 01 November* 
 
 O5fober26. The Sheernefs of 24 guns, Captain 
 Clarke, put into Villa Franca in the Mediterranean, 
 after having been purfued by a French fhip of 64 
 guns, and two frigates. Thefe three men of war 
 came to an anchor in the fame harbour, foon after 
 the arrival of the Sheernefs. The Minerve, one of 
 the frigates of 24 guns, (truck ripon a rock, and 
 was loft in liefs than two hours. A very high fea pre- 
 vented all affiftance from the fliorc, but did not in- 
 timidate Captain Clarke ; who fent his people to the 
 relief of their enemy. The Britifli failors exerted 
 themfelves fo efFeftually, that the whole French 
 crew, about 25 only excepted, ( who were carried 
 away by the violence of the furf ) were preferved. 
 The French Commodore waited afterwards upon 
 Captain Clarke, to thank him for his fcafonable af- 
 
 X 3 fiftance, 
 
mm 
 
 
 326 APPENDIX. 
 
 fiftance, and to cxprefs the great feme which he en- 
 tertained of fuch benevolence and generofity. 
 
 November 2. The Marquis de Marigny, bound 
 from Bourdeaux to Cape-Francois pierced for 34 
 guns, and mounting 20 nine pounders with 148 
 men, was taken by the Terpfichore Captain Ruth- 
 ven, after a fmart Engagement. - ): 
 
 Ui . 
 
 November 3. General Kleift penetrated into Bo- 
 hemia, by Enliedel. , ; . ,«. 
 
 November 3. The Auftrians began to abandon 
 their Camp at Fravenftein in Saxony. 
 
 N, B, It is liighly probable, that the cky of 
 Manila, the capital of the ifland of Luconiay and 
 the chief of the Philippines, will be in our pofleflion 
 before the expiration of the term limited for a cef- 
 fation of hoftilitles in that part of the world. Per- 
 haps the Portugueze forts and fettlements on the 
 Rio de Janeiro in Brafil, may alfo be in the hands 
 of the French and Spaniards. If either of thefe 
 events Ihould be found to have happened before the 
 third of November 1762, the reader will be fo good 
 as to fupply the place of this unavoidable deficiency. 
 
 The following (hips are reported to have been 
 taken, Jo'l, deftroyed, or retaken, which are not 
 to be found in this coUedtion, 
 
 Ship, 
 
 FRENCH. 
 
 Guns. 
 
 
 Northumberland . ' '"" of 70 A ^\' ' loft. 
 Leopard * -^ ^--ti:- - ^^ ^^ \o^, 
 
 FRENCH, 
 
APPENDIX. 327 
 
 Ships, 
 
 Alegon ' 
 
 Aigle • 
 
 Chariot Royal 
 
 Comette 
 
 Sauvage 
 
 Emeraude 
 
 Oifeau 
 
 FRENCH. 
 Guns, 
 
 of 50 
 of 50 
 of 36 
 of 32 
 of 30 
 of 28 
 of 26 
 
 Bienfaifant 
 Marquis Marloye 
 
 of 22 
 of 18 
 
 deftroyed. 
 
 loft. 
 
 taken. 
 
 taken. 
 
 loft. 
 
 taken. 
 
 taken and carried 
 
 into Gibraltar, 
 
 by the Blonde, 
 
 Capt. Tonyn. 
 
 deftroyed. 
 
 deftroyed. 
 
 ■ lb.;. 
 
 ENGLISH. 
 
 ^;;. ships, , . . Guns, 
 
 loft. 
 
 loft. 
 
 retaken. 
 
 Mars (formerly French) of 64 
 Harwich , of 50 
 
 Winchelfea - ' of 24 
 
 Gramont (formerly French) 
 
 of 20 
 A floop of war from the 
 
 Havannah 
 Ferret of 16 
 
 Pheafant (formerly French) 
 
 of 16 
 
 Peregrine of 16 
 
 Diligence of 14 
 
 Duke (in the fervice of the 
 Eaft India Company) 
 ABombVcfleland two armedShipsdetained or taken. 
 
 taken. 
 
 taken. 
 
 loft. 
 
 loft. 
 
 loft, 
 loft. 
 
 loft. 
 
 t 
 ,1 
 
..«r 
 
 -* € 
 
 r, .A".v'*- 
 
 ■hr 
 
 » i'' I" 
 
 ^^ i 
 
 ^ -, * ', ;•• 
 
 <? * 
 
A GENERAL INDEX of the Battles 5 
 Naval Engagements; Ships of war and 
 the mod confiderable Merchantmen, Taken, 
 Loft or Deftroyedj Skirmishes of Importance ; 
 and Fortresses Befieged, Taken, Relieved, 
 
 ■ or Evacuated. 
 
 BATTLES. 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Lowofchitz, page lo 
 Prague, (near) 17 
 Kollin, 18 
 
 Haftenbcck, 25 and 24 
 Grofs laegerfdorf or Norkit- 
 
 ten, 25 
 Rosbach, 29 
 Breflau, (near) 30 
 Leulhen or LilTa, 3 1 
 Crevelt, 5 5 
 Sanderhaufen or Sangerhau- 
 
 fen, 57 
 Zorndorf, 62 
 Luttenberg or Lanwerenha- 
 
 gcn, 65 
 Hoch-Kirchen, 65 and 66 
 Bergen, 85 
 
 Kay near Zulicau, 91 
 Minden, 94 and 9; 
 Cunnerfdorf, 97 and 98 
 Maxen, 108 
 Landfliut, 1 28 and 1 29 
 Warbourg, 132 and 133 
 Pfaffcndorf, between the King 
 
 of Pruflia and General Lau- 
 
 dohn, 1 34 and 135 
 Campen, 141 
 Torgau or Siplitz, 143, 144, 
 
 and 145 
 ^an^eiifaltzen, i8^ 
 
 Grunberg, page 189 
 Kirch Denckern, 197 and 198 
 Wilhelmftahl, 234 and 235 
 Peile beyond Reichenback, 253 
 Neuheim, 257 and 258 
 Brucker-Muhi, 262 and 263 
 Wilfdruf, 6tc. 264 
 Rathfwald, or the wood of 
 
 Raths, 267 
 Freyberg, (near) 268, 296 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 Fort Duquefne, (near) ^ 
 Lake George, 4 
 Ticonderoga, 57 
 Montmorenci, (near Quebec) 
 
 93 and 94 
 Heights of Abraham, (near Que- 
 
 l^ec) 102, 103, 125 and 126 
 
 ASIA. 
 
 Between Colonel Clive and the 
 
 Nabob, 15 
 PlaiiTey, 19 
 Between the Marquis de Con* 
 
 flans and Colonel in 
 
 Golconda, 69 
 
 Chincura, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 ChiACura, (near) pige no and Wondivafh, 119 and 120 
 III Patna, 185 j . ^, 
 
 ' ■ 'i'. 
 
 • Naval Engagements. 
 
 I. V 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Off Rochfort, >iet vicn the 
 Colchcfter and :he Lyme on 
 one fide, and the Aquilon and 
 Fiddle on the other, 6 and 7 
 
 In the Mediterranean, between 
 Admiral Byng and the Mar- 
 quis de la GalifToniere, 7. 
 
 Between the Terrible and Ven- 
 geance Privateers, 14 
 
 Between the King George pri- 
 vateer and the Hirondclle, 14 
 
 Between the Britannia and Gran- 
 vHle Privateers, 21 
 
 Off the High-land of St, Albans, 
 between the Southampton and 
 five French veffels, 23 
 
 Off Oftend, between the Sea- 
 horfe frigate. Raven and Bo- 
 netta floops, and two French 
 frigates, 24 
 
 30 leagues from SciUy, between 
 the Prince Edward, and a 
 large French frigate, 25 
 
 Off Cape de Gatt, between part 
 of Admiral Osborne's Squa- 
 dron and part of the French 
 Squadron under M. de la 
 Clue, 47 
 
 In the Mediterranean, between 
 the Glafgow and Oifeau fri- 
 gates, 88 
 
 OffCape Lagos, between Admi- 
 ral fiofcawen and M. de la 
 Clue, 98, 99 and 288 
 
 Between Six £dward Hawkey 
 
 and Marflial Conflans, pag« 
 108 and 109, page 288 
 
 Between Captain Elliot and M. 
 Thurot, 123 
 
 Between the fiiddeford and 
 Flamborough on the one fide, 
 and the Opale and Malicieufe 
 on the other, 125 
 
 Between the Danae and t 
 French frigate, 223 
 
 Between the Harriot packet- 
 boat and a French Privateer, 
 
 238 
 Between the Pallas and two 
 
 Spaniih Chebecks, at the en- 
 
 *:rance of the bay of Cadiz, 
 
 2.i2 
 
 v..<,, 
 
 AMERICA. ,;;; 
 
 Off Cape-Rate, between part 
 of Admiral Kofcawer's fqua- 
 dron, and part of the French 
 fquadron under M. da .Bois 
 de la Mothe, i and 2 . 
 
 Off Louisburg, between Captain 
 Holmes and M Beauffier, 9 
 
 Off Cape Fran9oic, between 
 three Britifli men of war un- 
 der Captain Forreft, and four 
 French men of war together 
 with three frigates und<r M. 
 de Kerfin, 28 and 29 :> 
 
 Near Guadalupe and Mont^erat, 
 between the Buckingham on 
 the one fide and the Florif- 
 fant, &c. on the other, 67 
 
 ASIA. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 OfF Carical, between Admiral 
 Pocock, and M. d'Ache, page 
 59 and 60 
 Between Admiral Pocock and 
 M. d'Ache, loi 
 miral Pocock and M. d'Ache, Between the Engliftt and Dutch 
 page 51 in the river Bengal, no 
 
 ASIA. 
 
 Off Alamparvey, between Ad- 
 
 Ships of War, and the moft confiderable 
 Merchantmen, Taken, Loft, or Deftroyed. 
 
 ENGLISH. 
 
 Doddington Indiaman, page 3. 
 
 Warwick, 6, 186 
 
 Greenwich, 14, 46 
 
 Merlin floop, 18, 25 
 
 Tilbury, 28 
 
 Invincible, 46 
 
 Prince George, 50 
 
 Bridgewater, 50 . 
 
 Triton, 50 
 
 Bolton Tender, 5 3 
 
 Stork floop, 63 
 
 Winchelfea, 65 
 
 York Indiaman, 67 
 
 Litchfield, 68 
 
 Grantham Indiaman, 77 
 
 Falcon Bomb, 87 
 
 JRefolution, 109 
 
 Eflex, 109 
 
 Mermaid, 111 
 
 Hunter Cutter, 112 
 
 Efthcr Cutter, n 2 
 
 Marquis of Granby Bomb Ketch 
 
 119 
 
 Ramillies, 1 22 
 
 Hawke Cutter, 1 22 
 Thames Merchantman, 123 
 Tartar's prize, 124 
 Pennuin, 1 24 
 Penham Indiaman, 124 
 
 Prince of Wales Merchantmai, 
 
 page 126 
 Loweftoffe, 127 
 Eurus, 136 
 Dublin Tender, 1 36 
 Virgin floop, 1 39 
 Lyme, 140 
 Conqueror, 142 
 Duke of Aquitain, 1 85 
 Sunderland, 185 
 Newcaftle, 185 
 Queenborough, 185 
 Protedor, 186 
 Cumberland, 1 86 
 Griffin Indiaman, 186 
 Ajax Indiaman, 1 87 
 Speedwell Cutter, 192 
 Fatalalam Indiaman, 203 
 GrilEn, 207 
 Biddeford, 211 
 Raifonable, 222 
 Huflar, 231 
 
 Achilles Merchantman. 231 
 Chefterfield, 242 
 Humber, 260 
 Scorpion floop, 264 
 Hawkc floop retaken, 2 1 3 
 
 FRENCH. 
 
 « ! 
 
 li 
 
?^.^ c 
 
 index: 
 
 
 m 
 
 FRENCH. 
 
 Alcidcy page i 
 
 L*Efperance, 4 
 
 Arc-en-Cid, 8 
 
 Concord. 11 
 
 Juno, 1 2 
 
 rondichcrrjr, (Indiaman) 14 
 
 Superb, 17 
 
 Renown, 17 
 
 Aquilon, 18 
 
 Borrinc, 21 
 
 Duke of AquUaine, (Indiaman) 
 
 21 
 Nymph, 21 
 
 Prince ofConti, (Indiaman) 22 
 Efcarboucle, 27 
 Lutine, zS 
 
 Hermionc, 20, 87, 187, 211 
 Ship of war, p^.me unknown, 30 
 Eien Acquis or Abciiakife, 3 1 
 Shipofwar, name unknown, 33 
 Opiniatrc, 46 
 Foudroyant, 47 
 Orphee, 47 
 Paciiiquc of Nantz, (Indiaman) 
 
 49 
 Mount Marten, (Indiaman) 49 
 Galathee, 50 
 
 Frigate, name unknown, 50 
 Eien Aime, 52 
 Raifonab]e, 52 and 53 
 At St. Maloe, by the Duke of 
 
 Marlborough, 54 and 55 
 Loire, 56 
 Rofe, 56 
 Prudent, 58 
 Entreprenant, 58 
 Capricieux, 58 
 Celebre, 58 
 Bienfaifant, 58 
 A pollen, 58 
 Diana, 58 
 Fidelle, 58 
 Pcho, 58 
 
 )•■ J. 
 
 Chevre, 58 "" 
 
 Biche, 58 
 
 Garland, 63 
 
 Robufte, 64 
 
 Due d'Hanover, 64 
 
 Rhinoceros, 67 
 
 fielliqueux, 67 
 
 Calipfo, 75 
 
 Bellona, 80 
 
 La Mignone 82 
 
 Due de Chartr^a (Indiaman) 82 
 
 Danae, 83 
 
 Cou.nt de Florendne, 84. , 
 
 Hardi, 87 - ^ 
 
 Arethufa, 88 
 
 Barclay, 97 
 
 Ocean, 9*^ 
 
 Redoutabie, 98 , 
 
 Centaur, 98 ' \' '" ': 
 
 Temeraire, 98 ' ■ 
 
 Modefte, 98 -' ' ' "• "' 
 
 Moras, 102 
 
 Veffels loft on Lake Champlain, 
 
 106 
 Formidable, loS * ' ' - 
 
 Thefee, 108 «'= - '"' " ' ' 
 
 Superbe, 109 ^ ' " . 
 Heros, 109 • ' 
 
 Soleil Royal, 109 ;"',"" V'^ 
 Jufte, 109 ' "' 
 
 Favourite floOp (Indiaman) 116 
 Indiaman, name unknown, 119 
 Haerlem, 122 
 
 Marfhal Belleifle, 123 ' '■..'*'' '• 
 La Blonde, 1x3 
 Terpfichore, 123 • i '-^ -' 
 Pomona, 127 
 Atalanta, 127 
 Machaux, 130 
 
 Fiigate, name unknown, 131 ' 
 Sircnne, 141 
 
 Vaicur, 141 "' ^■^*-^ •;/,; 
 
 Fleur de Lis, page 142 ' 
 Prince Edward, 142 ^ 
 Epreuve, 145 
 
 A frigate, (n»n\c unknown) 150 
 
 Veftal 
 
 •J 
 
INDEX. 
 
 »j. 
 
 liaman) 82 
 
 • 84 V 
 
 Champlain, 
 
 .... • ' 
 
 Jiaman) 116 
 mown, 119 
 
 |23 ■'".:- ' 
 kown, 131;. 
 
 142 
 
 Iknovvn) 150 
 Veftai 
 
 Veftal, 183 and 184 
 Brune, 184 
 
 Annemamc, 1 84 . ■■> - - • 
 Sardoine, 184 »*5 ' 
 
 La Compagnie des Indcs (In- 
 
 diaman) 186 
 Felicite, 186 .. ., / 
 
 Balleine, 186 
 
 Entreprcnant, 187 . ^ 
 
 Oriflame, 190 
 Berten, (Indiaman) 190 
 Pheafant, 191 
 St. Anne, 195 
 Le Beaumont (Indiaman) 196 
 
 Achilles, 198 
 
 BufFon, 198 
 
 Subtile, 201 
 
 Courageux, 202 • 
 
 Boulogne, 211 
 
 La Zeuobie, 222 
 
 Boutin, (Indiaman) 226 
 
 Dromedaire, (Indiaman) 227 
 
 St. Prieft, (Indiaman) 228 
 
 Dragon, 230 
 
 Tyger, 244 
 
 Zephyr, 259 
 
 La Folic, 268 
 
 L'Efcurcuil, 271 
 
 Le Villevau, (Indiaman) 271 
 
 A frigate, (name unknown) 279 
 
 Minerve. — Appendix. 
 
 SPANISH. 
 
 A large ftoreihip, page 226 
 
 11 Caftell de la Marr, (Met. 
 
 chantman) 227 
 La Ventura, 228 and 229 
 Hermione (regiftcr ftiip) 232 
 LaLagera, 232 ^ 
 
 St. Peter, 245 
 
 Thetis, 246 •' ' ''\ '■ 
 
 Phaenix, 246 
 Venganza, 248 
 Marte, 248 
 Tigre, 251 
 Reyna, 251 
 
 Soverano, 251 ' %. 
 
 Infante, 251 
 Aquilon, 251 
 America, 251 '; 
 
 Conqueftado, 25 c 
 San Genaro, 251 
 Santo Antonio, 25! 
 Neptuno, 251 
 Alia, 251 
 Europa, 251 
 A man of war upon the ftocks^ 
 
 251 
 Ditto, 251 , 
 
 St. Jofeph, 259 
 A Packet Boat, 274 
 L'Etoile dc la Mer, 275 
 A rich Spanilh (hip (name un^ 
 
 known) 275 
 
 P U T C H. 
 
 Dank baarheld, page 256 
 
 Skirmishes of Importance. 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Reichenbcrg, page 16 
 Hennerfdorf, 26 
 Hoya, page 46 
 Defiles of Domftadt, 56 
 Meer near Rees, 60 
 St. Cas, 63 and 64 
 Pafs of Pafsbcrg, page 8({ 
 Covddt, 96 
 
 Neudadt or Stroifchen, 104 
 
 Hoyerfwerda, 105 
 
 Pretfch, (near) 107 
 
 Fulda, (near) 1 1 1 
 
 Meiflen, (near) 1 1 1 and 1 1 2 
 
 Dillenbourg, (near) 119 
 
 Newftadt, (near) 1 24 
 
 Corbach, 130 
 
 Erxdorf, 131 . " 
 
 Strcla, 135 
 
 Munden 
 
INDEX. 
 
 
 
 I' 
 
 ■I tt'M 
 
 m 
 
 Munden npon the Orcke, 138 
 
 Witzenhauzen, 183 
 
 Saalfeld, 190 -'■• '•' 
 
 Queifs near Greiffenberg, 193 
 
 The Soiling, 201 
 
 Convent near Goftin, page Z04 
 
 Colberg» (near) 204 
 
 Treptow, 207 
 
 Sanglow near Golnow, 207 
 
 Dobeln, (near) 231 and 232 
 
 Chemnitz, (near) 232 
 
 Hombourg, (near) 237 
 Adelsbach, (near) 238 
 Ditmansdorf (Heights of) 241 
 Lutterberg, 241 and 242 
 Gradrop near Toplitz, 244 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 Loyal Hannon, page 65 
 Niagara, 92 , v. ..... 
 
 Fortresses Bedeged, Taken, Relieved, or 
 
 Evacuated. 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 Fort St. Philip in Minorca, 
 
 page 9 
 Bielfeld, 18, 97 
 EMBDEN, 22, 48,204 
 Memel, 22 
 CASSEL, 22, 49,68, 89, 
 
 99f »33» ^89, 268 
 Gottingen, 22, 59, 89, 133, 
 
 136, 253, and 254 
 Oftend and Newport, 22 
 Gabel, 23 
 Zittau, 23, 260 
 Hamelen, 24 
 HANOVER, 24, 47 
 Minden, 24, 48, 90, 96 
 Brunfwick, 25 
 
 Wolfenbuttle, 25, 205, 206 
 Verden, 25 
 
 Gueldres, 25 • 'i 
 
 Bremen, 26, 46 
 Bautzen, 26 
 Gorliiz, 27, 260 
 Aix, (Fort of) 27, 200 
 BERLIN, 28, 140 
 Lignitz, 28, 32, 202 
 SCHWEIDNJTZ, 30, 50, 
 
 205, 245, 266 and 267 
 BRESLAU, 30, 3i,32andi33 
 Harburg, 32 
 
 Demmin, 32, 77, 107, 135, 199 
 Anclam, 32, 78, 108, 120, 
 
 lagerndorf, 32, 86 
 Troppau, 32, 46, 86, 24a 
 Tefschen, 32, 233 
 Rottenburg, 46 
 Koningsberg, 45 
 Zell, 47 '■ ' • 
 
 Pennamunde, (Fort) 48, 59,94 
 Munden, 48, 68, 89, 92, 133, 
 
 254 
 MUNSTER, 49, 91, 100, 108 
 Paderborn, 49, 89, 97, 1 31, 
 
 196 , ... .'1 
 
 Lipftadt, 49, 96 
 Vechic, (Cattle of) 49 ,i- 
 Kaiferworth, 54 ' " 
 
 Cleves, 54, 140 .\:h .'iMi 
 
 NuyS, 56 . : , ■;; .^ .J-\ 
 
 Olmutz, 56 ^ f . r:/ 
 
 Duffeldorf, 56, 6x \ 
 
 Ufedom, (Ifleof) 59, 102 
 Nordheim, 59, 134, 188 >, 1 
 Ruremonde, 60 '■ , ■ 
 
 Cherburg, 61 -^ • '~ ;'• 
 
 Wachtendonck (pofl: of ) 6% 
 Cuftrin, 62 ^. . , - 
 
 Sonneltein, 63 
 
 Landlperg, 64 J.; ' 
 
 Fehrbellii), 64 t^ ■ 
 
 COLBERG, 
 
T..- '^ 
 
 X. 
 
 irg, (near) 237 
 :h, (near) 238 
 dorf (Heights of ) 241 
 ;rg, 241 and 242 
 » near Toplitz, 244 
 
 /I E R I C A. 
 
 [annon, page 65 
 
 .-•».■■ 
 
 ikcn, Relieved, or 
 
 n,32,77»»07.»35»'9^ 
 , 32» 78, »o8, 120, 
 
 orf, 32, 86 . v. ;: 
 u, 32, 46, 86, 242 
 sn, 32* 233 
 )urg, 46 ,v, , 
 
 rsbcrg, 45 
 
 17 
 
 unde, (Fort) 48, 59,94 
 
 , 48, 68, 89, 92, 133. 
 
 TER, 49, 91, 100, 108 
 )rn, 49, 89, 97, 131. 
 
 , 49, 96 ! 
 (Caftlcof)49 .<• 
 ovth, 54 
 
 54, 140 ■■..!;»; -'urii 
 56 :.'•;:_- --4 
 
 , 56 '...'.>.» :■■:-■ 
 
 orf, 56, 61 
 1, (Ifle of ) 59, 102 
 ;im, 59, 134, 188 ■ 
 
 mde, 60 ..'.; ^. ' 
 
 rg, 61 ^ 
 
 donck (poft of ) o« 
 62 
 
 ein, 63 
 
 3rg, 64 „.»..•:■- 
 
 niili, 64 
 
 COLBERG, 
 
 XI 
 
 1 N D E X. 
 
 COLBERG, 66, 138, 204, MARPURG, 100, 102, 129, 
 
 206, 269 and 210 
 Coflin, 203 ^ ,^ ..if ru 
 
 Neiffe, 67 , . , - .. . 
 
 Cofpl, 68 
 Torgau, 68, 99, 100, 139 
 
 138, 188 
 JfleDumet, 136 
 Zierenberg, 136 
 New Stctin, 1 85 
 Burwalde, 185 
 
 L£IPSICK,68, 96, 102, 140, Stadtbergen, 187, 200 
 
 142 Afchaifenburg, 189 
 
 Frcyberg, 68, 193, 232, 267 Gudersberg, 188, 236 
 
 268 
 
 DRESDEN, 68, 100, 132 
 St. Goar and Rhindfels, 69 
 Damgarten, 77, 89, 200 
 Francforr, 77 
 Erfurth, 81 
 Pofen, 81 
 
 Hirfchfeld, 81, 82, 189 
 Vacha, 81, 243 
 Fulda, 82, 189 
 Schwerin, 82 ; 
 Grieffenberg, 82, 90 
 Saalfeldt, 82 
 
 HofF; 83 / ; 
 
 Meinungen, 83 
 Ulricilein, 84, 245 
 Bamberg, 88 Y 
 
 Cronach, 89 
 
 Erbefeld, 89 »-, 
 
 Ziegenhayn, 89, 99, 134 ' 
 Fritzlar, 89, 188, 236 
 Eimbeck, 89, 208 
 Ritberg, {Caftleof) 89 
 Havre de Grace, 89 and 90 
 Ofnabruck, 92, 205, 268 
 Detmold, 97 
 Halle, 97, 136, 205 
 Naumbourg, 97, 222 
 
 »» 
 
 Duderftadt, 189 
 BELLEISLE, I9iandi92, 
 
 194, 195, 206 
 Warbourg, 196 ,, ,. , 
 Horn, 201 
 Waldeck, 202, 240 
 Dorften, 203, 204, 
 Treptow, 204, 207 
 Scharsfels, 205 
 Golnow, 206 • 
 
 Stepnitz, 207 
 Munde, (Fort) 209 
 Munden, (Fort) 209 ' , 
 Arensberg, 230 
 Miranda de Douro, 23 1 
 Chemnitz, 232 " ' 
 
 Cape Finifterre, (Fort on) 234 
 Amoeneburg, 244, 263 
 
 Friedwalde, 245 
 
 Pattcnbergor Padberg, 245, 254 
 
 Frankenberg, 246 
 
 Braganza, 254 
 
 Torre di Moncorvo, 254 
 
 Chaves, 254 
 
 ALMEYDA, 255 
 
 Valenfa d* Alcantara, 256 and 
 257 
 
 Laubach, 260 
 
 Wetter, 260 
 
 Bergemunden, 264 
 
 ^^■, 
 
 Zeitz, 97, 1 24 
 
 Halberftadt, 97 
 
 Wittenberg, 99, 139, 140, 142 Celorico, 264 
 
 Templin, 102 - Penamacor, 264 
 
 Paffevvalk, 107, 139 Salvaterra, 264 
 
 Daienbourg, 119, 131 Segura, 264 
 
 Carrickfergus, 122 ViUa Vclha, 265 
 
 Noflen, 1 26 '. 
 
 Landlhut, 128, 145 ^«,^,*»^a 
 
 CUu. 128,132^^ :. AMERICA. 
 
 1* 
 
 '». . 
 
 if 
 
^<K 
 
 ^ 
 
 IN D E X.: 
 
 W'm^ 
 
 AMERICA. 
 
 Monongahftia, (Fort) rntro<!u£l. 
 
 page 13 
 Log's Town (Port) Introd. 1 3 
 Fort-Ncceflity, Introdufl. 1 3 
 Beaufejou^, (Port) 2 
 Gafperau, ( Fort) i 
 St. John, (Fort) z '■ '.' . 
 Bull, ^Fort) 6 ' . , . . 
 
 OSWEGO, (Fort) 9 
 Fort William Henry, 15 and 
 
 16, 24 
 Grand Ance Bay, (Fort of) 45 
 LOUISBU^G, 57 and 58 
 Fort Frontenac, 63 
 Fort da Qucfne, 64, 68 
 MARTINICO, 77, 222, 223, 
 
 224, 225, 226, 227 
 GUADALOUPH, y^, 86 and 
 
 Marigalante, 87 '/ ^ ' 
 
 Ticonderoga, 92 .' ,• 
 
 Niagara, 92 ; ' ^ "^' ] 
 
 Crown Point, 96 " '. . '/' ^ 
 
 Venango, 97 ' ; .. * ^ 
 
 Prc(que ifift, 97 ■;:::;; . ' 
 
 La Buef, 97 ' 
 
 QUEBEC, 104, 126, and 127 
 Eftaloe, 127 
 Sugar Town, 127 
 Etchotfy, 1 29 and 1 30 
 Fort Loudon, 133 and 134 
 MONTREAL, 137 
 Domimca,' 194 >. 
 
 Cherokee -Nation, 196, 210 
 Santa Lucia or S'*. Lucie, 227 
 Grenada and Grenadillas, 227 
 St. Vincent, 227 
 NEWFOUNDLAND. 236, 
 
 and 237, 261 and 262 
 HAVANNAH, 241, 243. 
 
 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 
 
 251, 252, 253 
 
 « ASIA. 
 
 Severndroog, (Fort) paj 
 Goa, (Fort) i 
 Bancote i 
 Geriah, (Fort) 5 
 Coflimbuzar, (Fadlory) 
 Calcutta or Fort Williai] 
 Busbudigia, (Fort) 12 
 Hughley, 13 
 Chandenagore) 16 
 Cutv»a, (Fort) i8 
 Vizagapatam, 20 
 Cuddalore or Gondelou 
 Fort St David. 54 
 Davecotah, 54 
 Tanjore, 6 c 
 MADRASS, 7«tnd7 
 Narfipore, 80 
 Concalc,8o 
 Surat, 81 ''^ ' • ' 
 Mafi'ulipatam, 82, 84 
 Conjeveram, 85 
 Trivatoor, 105 
 Wandewafh-PetaA, 10 
 Seringham, 106 
 Gombroon, 106 
 SUMATRA, (Coafto 
 
 124 
 Carangoiy, 112 
 Chittipur, 120 
 Timmery, lai 
 Arcot, 121 
 Carical, lz$ 
 PON Df CHERRY, li 
 Mahe, 187 
 
 A F R I C J 
 
 Fort Lewis on the Riv 
 
 gal, page 53 
 GOREE, 53,69 
 
 t. '^.T 
 
 THE END. 
 
•EX.: 
 
 •: A S I A. 
 
 ) 
 
 ■3W-*.''' 
 
 Severndroog, (Fort) page 1 
 Goa, (Fori) i V ' 
 
 Bancote i . . ' ' „' 
 
 Geriah, (Fort) 5 " ' 
 Coflimbuzar, (Faftory) 7 
 Calcutta or Fort William » 8> 13 
 Busbudigia, (Fort) 12 
 Hughley, 13 •/ \ vf 
 
 Chandenagore» 16 ; 
 
 Cutwa, (Fort) i8 ' • • . 
 Vizagapatam, 20 
 Cuddalore or Gondelour, 53 
 Fort St David. 54 
 Davecotah, 54 
 Tanjore, 6t 
 
 MADRASS. 78 and 79 
 Narfiporc, 80 
 Concalc,8o " ' 
 
 Surat, 81 
 
 Mafl'ulipatam, 82, 84 
 Conjcvcram, 85 ' . 
 
 Trivatoor, 105 ' • 
 Wandewafli-Pcttth, 105, ni 
 Seringham, 106 , .\ 
 
 Gombroon, 100 
 SUMATRA, (Coaftof) 107, 
 
 Carangoiy, 1 1 2 -r 
 
 Chittipur, 120 \^ . ' ' ,'" ^ 
 Timmery, III [ . •' , ,1^ 
 Arcot, 12I - . 1 ... » 
 
 Carical, 125 
 PONDICHERRV, 185 
 Mahe, 187 
 
 AFRICA. 
 
 Fort Lewis on the River SeftC- 
 
 gal, page 53 ' r ^:.;.^^ 
 
 GOREfi, 53,69 . ^ , 
 
 N D. 
 
 , c. 
 
 ^\ 
 
 m-. 
 
 *- 
 
 
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