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'»"« ii II I THE H O L Y BIBLE: containinC the OLD TESTAMENT AND THE new: Tranflated iiffo the INDIAN LANGUAGE' ^ N p Onfcred CO be Printed by tbtC0inm(fimtri vf tht Zfmted Calonitt in Ti^tW'ENGLANP, At the Charge, and with the Coof^ of the CORPORATION IN BNG^^ND Far tbt 'tr»fitf4itm •/ tht qoffiti MtrngH tbt Indians i» New-Eo^bnd» 3m 3^ ^^ C %? O is h I ■ far (ht 'FrAVM^jiftm » J'nfH... -■\ OLY FIBLK it E •I E N 1 ill. •»«k.«»».|«,jyHW».— - ' iL r.i (ho i:tigiUti tiiU'page of Iht! Klitrt IMblc of Jii&v V ?^ 4*1 ■■&••.' ■*-«■ ■* ■<1> ..■^«* ' ,.' >• is* M ,:'il Sftffg QBi6fe0 of (^merica ; BEING A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF BIBLES PUBLISHED IN THK UNITED STATES, MEXICO AND CANADA. BY REV. JOHN WRIGHT, D. D. Rector of St. Paul's Church, St. Paul, Minn. Bt\v iiorlt THOMAS WHITTAKER, 2 and } BIBLE HOUSE 1804 s 7771 Copyrit;ht, 1894. By Thomas Whittakkr. THE CAXTON PRESS NEW VORK F DEDICATED TO A FRIEND OF MANY YEARS, REV. WILLIAM C. WINSLOW, D.D., LL.D., D.C.L., etc., VICE-PRESIDENT AND HONORARY SECRETARY FOR AMERICA OF THE ? EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND. iii 296806 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. Since the first edition of this book appeared, much valuable material has come into my possession. A3 a result, the original chapters have been expanded, and sixteen new ones have been added. Several more of the twelve presentation Bibles sent to Ger- many by Christopher Saur have been located, and probably all the information obtainable on this sub- ject has come to hand. I have visited and inspected nearly all the collec- tions of Bibles — public and private — in this country, and in the National Library in the City of Mexico, and consequently the descriptions given in this book are not second-hand, but the result, for the most part, of personal observation. If in some cases the accounts of the various editions are little better than an array of dates and dry facts, it must be remem- bered that this was unavoidable, as of many of the early issues we know but little, and almost nothing of their printers and publishers. Preface to the Third Edition. It may seem in some instances that the history of certain Bibles has been brought down to a too recent date, but this has only been done where the interest of the subject has required it. The title and contents of the book have been brought more into accord by the addition of chapters on the Bible in Mexico and Canada. In the preparation of the volume I have received generous help from others. For suggestions in the early stages of the work I owe much to Mr. J. R. Dore of Huddersfield, England, the author of " Old Bibles." I especially record my indebtedness in tracing the Saur Bibles, and in gathering historic material concerning the part which Germany took in aiding the distribution of the Holy Scriptures in the early days of America, to Dr. von Gebhardt of the Royal Library, Berlin, Dr. Hartwig of the Uni- versity Library, Halle, Dr. Jacobs of the Prince Stolberg Library, Wernigerode, Dr. C. Ruland of the Grand Ducal Museum, Weimar, Dr. T. Schott of the Royal Library, Stuttgart, Dr. O. von Heine- mann of the Ducal Library, Wolfenbiittel, Dr. Ed- ward Lohmeyer of the Landes Bibliothek, Cassel, Dr. J. Haeberlin of Frankfort-on-the-Main, and Mr. Ludwig Rosenthal, the eminent bibliophile of Munich. Mr. James C. Pilling, of the Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, D. C, and the Rt. Rev. Henry B. Whip- Preface to the Th'ird Edition. vn pie, D.D., LL.D., the Bishop of Minnesota, have aided me in treating of the Bibles printed in the languages of the Indian tribes of America. Mr. Wilberforce Eames, librarian of the Lenox Library, New York City, has assisted me several times, and to his courtesy I owe it that nearly all the facsimile title-pages used as illustrations were made from Bibles in the institution he represents. For information in regard to various parts of the book I return my thanks to Mr. Howard Edwards, and the Rev. Samuel F. Hotchkin, of Philadelphia, Mr. Ed- mund M. Barton of the American Antiquarian Soci- ety, Worcester, Mass., and Mr. J. Fletcher Williams, the former librarian of the Historical Society, St. Paul, Minn. The book in its enlarged condition I trust will not only be of interest to the general reader, but of service to the specialist and Bible collector. J. W. St. Paul, Minn., June i8, 1894. V CONTENTS. / MOB The Eliot Bible i The Saur Bible 24 The Aitken Bible 51 The First Douay Version 68 The Thomas Bible 74 The Collins Bible 89 The First Bir'.E Published in New York loi The First Translation from the Septuagint 113 The First Hebrew Bible 122 The First Translation from the Peshito Syriac Ver- sion 125 Early Editions of the Greek Testament 133 The Webster Amended Bible 141 Early Editions of the Bible and New Testament in German 149 Early Editions of the Douay Bible 156 Early Paragraph Bibles 179 Early Pronouncing Bibles 186 First Stereotyped Editions 191 Special Editions 199 Some Notable Title-pages 211 Some Notable Editions 217 ix V Contents. / PAOB Curious Versions 227 The Engravings of Early Bibles 239 Bibles and Bible Societies 259 The Bible among the Indian Tribes 269 The Bible in Mexico 304 The Bible in Canada 313 Various Editions 32a APPENDICES. APPENDIX A. PAGE Dedication in the Eliot New Testament of i66i 369 APPENDIX B. Dedication in the Eliot Bible of 1663 372 APPENDIX C. Dedication to Hon. Robert Boyle in Eliot Bible of 1685 375 APPENDIX D. List of Owners of Eliot New Testaments and Bibles AS FAR AS Known 376 APPENDIX E. Some of the Prices Paid for Eliot New Testaments and Bibles 379 APPENDIX F. List of Owners of the Saur Bibles as far as Known . 380 APPENDIX G. Some of the Prices Paid for the Saur Bible of 1743 . 383 xi « MMtlfl xii Appendices. APPENDIX H. PAGE Prices of Editions of the Saur New Testament 383 APPENDIX I. List of Owners of the Aitken Bible as far as Known 383 APPENDIX J. Some of the Prices Paid for the Aitken Bible 384 APPENDIX K. Prices of Editions of the Aitken New Testament 385 APPENDIX L. A Calculation of the Number of Books, Chapters, Verses, Words, Letters, etc., in the Old and New Testaments and the Apocrypha 385 APPENDIX M. List* of Editions of the Bible and Parts thereof Printed in America, prior to the Year i860, that are not Mentioned by Dr. O'Callaghan 386 APPENDIX N. List of Prices Obtained for American Editions of the Scriptures 409 List of Books Relating to American Bibles 461 Index 463 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. / PAGB 1. Facsimile of the English title-page of the Eliot Bible of 1663 Frontispiece 2. Facsimile of the Indian title-page of the Eliot Bible of 1663 . . 11 3. Facsimile of the title-page of the Saur Bible of 1 743 24 4. Facsimile of the armorial ensign of Dr. Heinrich Ehrenfried Luther, of Frankfort -on-the-Main 30 5. Facsimile of the Saur Bible presented William VIII., the Llandgrave of Hesse-Cassel 37 6. Facsimile of the title-page of the Aitken Bible, 1782 51 7. Facsimile of the title-page of the first Douay Bible published in America 68 8. Facsimile of the title-page of the folio Bible published at Worcester by Isaiah Thomas in 1791 74 9. Facsimile of the title-page of the quarto Bible printed by Isaac Collins at Trenton in 1 791 89 10. Facsimile of the title-page of the first Bible published in New York loi 11. Facsimile of the title-page of the Bible translated from the Septuagint by Charles Thomson and published at Phila- delphia in 1808 113 12. Facsimile of the title-page of the first Hebrew Bible pub- lished in America 122 13. Facsimile of the title-page of the first translation made in the United States of the New Testament from the Syriac- Peshito Version 125 14. Facsimile of the title-page of the first Greek Testament printed in America 133 xiii XIV List of Illustrations. V n 15. Facsimile of the title-page of the Bible amended by Dr. Webster 141 16. Facsimile of the title-page of the first Bible printed in west- ern Pennsylvania, being the German quarto Bible pub- lished by Friederic Goeb at Somerset in 1813 149 17. Facsimile of the title-page of the German New Testament published at Ephrata, Pa., in 1787, by the Dunker Community 152 18. Facsimile of the title-page of the Rheimish Testament pub- lished in New York by Jonathan Leavitt in 1834 156 19. Facsimile of the title-page of the Paragraph New Testament published by G. & C. Carvill in New York in 1827 179 20. Facsimile of the title-page of the Alger Pronouncing Bible, printed by Lincoln & Edmands at Boston in 1825 186 21. Facsimile of the title-page of the first Bible printed in Amer- ica from stereotyped plates made in the United States. . 191 22. Facsimile of the title-page of the Collateral Bible, printed at Philadelphia by Samuel F. Bradford in 1826 199 23. Facsimile of the title-page of a New and Corrected Version of the New Testament by Rodolphus Dickinson, pub- lished at Boston in 1833 211 24. Facsimile of the title-page of the Phonetic New Testament published by A. Comstock at Philadelphia in 1848 217 25. Facsimile of a page (p. 291) from Jonathan Morgan's trans- lation of the New Testament, published at Portland, Me., by S. H. Colesworthy, in 1848 227 26. Facsimile of the picture entitled " Paul Shaking the Viper from his Hand." Engraved by Amos Doolittle for the Thomas Bible of 1791 239 27. Facsimile of the engraving entitled " The Hypocrite Taking the Mote out of his Neighbor's Eye." From the Carey Bible published at Philadelphia in 1806 249 28. Facsimile of the title-page of the New Testament published by the Confederate States Bible Society in 1862 259 29. Facsimile of the title-pages of the Massachusetts Psalter, printed by B. Green and J. Printer at Boston in 1709. ■ 269 ' X / List of Illustrations. xv PAOB Facsimile of the title-page of the Bible printed in Latin and Spanish in the City of Mexico in 1831 304 Facsimile, of the title-page of the New Testament in French published at Quebec, Canada, in 1846 313 Facsimile of the title-page of the first hot-press Bible printed in America 32a Facsimile of title-page of the Thumb Bible published by N. Proctor at Boston in 1765 337 30. 3i. 32- 33* MMMMItMMMM EARLY BIBLES. THE ELIOT BIBLE. The history of the first Bible printed in America is the history of the devotion and persistence chiefly of one man. John Eliot was drawn to New England by the desire to relieve the minds of the Indian races from their spiritual darkness. He came when his mental faculties were keen and active, and lived to see the happy consummation of his hopes and plans, even to an honored old age. Eliot arrived in New England in the autumn of the year 1631. After a short time devoted to teaching, he became the pastor of the Roxbury church. From the first his interest in the Indians had manifested itself, and he early took steps toward giving them the Word of God. He was well fitted for the work, both by heart and intellect. His scholastic advantages had been ample, for he had received his education at Jesus College, Cambridge, from which institution he was graduated in 1623. He was well acquainted with the original Early Bibles. languages of the Bible, and set about his work with confidence and enthusiasm. His first efforts at learning the language of the Indian tribes of Mas- sachusetts were made through the assistance of an Indian who had been taken a prisoner in the Fequot wars, who was employed in the neighborhood as a house servant. " He was," says Eliot, " the first that I made use of to teach me words, and to be my Interpreter." Eliot made such progress in his knowl- edge of the language that in 1646 he was able to preach to the Indians in their native tongue. But before he could place into the hands of these con- verts books of instruction financial help was requisite. In 1643 the colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven entered into articles of confederation to aid the Indians, and each colony was represented by two commissioners. This move received the approval of the mother-country, for in July, 1649, the Corporation for the Promoting and Propagating of the Gospel of Jesus Christ in New England was formed by act of Parliament ; and com- missioners of the united colonies were appointed to receive and distribute the necessary funds for the education of the Indians. In 1653 Eliot wrote: " I have had a great longing desire, if it were the will of God, that our Indian language might be sanctified by the translation of the Holy Scriptures into it." The Eliot Bible. The Lord's Prayer, the Ten Commandments, and a few passages of the Bible were first attempted. A primer, or catechism, appeared about 1654. The Book of Genesis and the Gospel of St. Matthew were in print in 1655, and a few Psalms in meter were added in 1658. The printing of these early productions was executed by Samuel Green at Cam- bridge. The first press ^ used in this place was set up in 1639, and was the property of the president of Harvard College, the Rev. Henry Dunster. It was worked by Stephen Daye until 1649, when the man- agement of it was turned over to Samuel Green. A new press and new type were received in 1659, and in 1660 Green was joined by Marmaduke Johnson, who had been sent from England to aid him in his work. With these increased facilities Mr. Eliot be- came more and more anxious that the Indian tribes might have the Bible in their own tongue. He said : " I look at it as a sacred and holy work, to be regarded with much fear, care, and reverence." Under the stimulus of such exalted motives as these the translation went on day by day, until under date of December 28, 1658, Mr. Eliot with evident joy writes : " Bless the Lord, that the whole Book of God is translated into their own language ; it want- 1 This press is now in the possession of the Historical Society of Vermont. Early Bibles. eth but revising, transcribing, and printing. Oh that the Lord would so move that by some means or other it might be printed ! " His appeal was not in vain, for the funds were provided by the Corpora- tion in England. The New Testament in the Indian language appeared in 1661. The edition was about fifteen hundred copies. There are two title-pages, the first in English and the second in Indian. The English title-page reads : " The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Translated into the Indian Language, and Ordered to be Printed by the Commissioners of the United Colonies in New England, At the Charge, and with the Consent of the Corporation in, England For the Propagation of the Gospel amongst the In- dians in New England. Cambridg : Printed by Sam- uel Green and Marmaduke Johnson. MDCLXI." The Indian title-page reads as follows : " Wusku Wuttestamentum nul-lordumun Jesus Christ Nuppoquohwussuaeneumun. Cambridge : Printed by Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson. MDCLXI." The translation of the Indian reads : " New his- Testament our-Lord Jesus Christ our-deliverer." The book in size is a small quarto of 1 30 printed leaves without pagination. By exact measurement the leaves are 7^ inches by 5^ inches, while the ihc filiot Bible. d It printed pages are 6^^ inches by 45^ inches. The text is in double columns vnth marginal references. The Indian language from St. Matthew to Revela- tion covers 126 pages. Between the two title-pages there is a dedication in English to Charles 11.^ This is found only in a limited number of copies intended for presentation. There is a diamond-shaped figure of thirty-two printers' flowers on the Indian title- page, and this familiar ornamentation is common to nearly all the Eliot Testaments. Forty copies of the New Testament with the English title-page and kingly dedication were sent to Hon. Robert Boyle, the governor of the Corporation in England. The first twenty were sent in 1661, and the remaining twenty in 1662. The first copy was presented to Charles II. The second was given to Lord High Chancellor Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon ; the third, to Rev. Edward Reynolds, D.D., the Bishop of Norwich; the fourth, to the Rev. Joseph Caryl; the fifth, to the Rev. Richard Baxter ; and the sixth and seventh, to the vice-chancellors of the universi- ties of Oxford and Cambridge. The thirteen copies that remained, and the second lot of twenty, were left to the disposal of Mr. William Ashurst and Mr. Richard Hutchinson, officers of the English Cor- poration. 1 Appendix A. tmmutimmt Early Bibles. Copies of the New Testament of 1661, solely in Indian and without the English title-page, were bound up, but the exact number is not known. The Eliot New Testament of 1 66 1 is now an exceedingly rare book, as only nineteen copies have been located. Two copies are in the British Museum, and two in the Lenox Library, New York, Trinity College (Dublin), Glasgow University, Edinburgh University, Bodleian Library (Oxford), the British and Foreign Bible Society (London), Town Library, Leicester, Eng., Harvard University, and the Boston Athe- naeum, each possesses a copy. The remaining seven are in private libraries. The hopeful work accomplished among the Indi- ans encouraged Mr. Eliot in placing the whole Bible in their hands. The printing of the Old Testament began in September, 1660, and by the same month in the following year the five books of Moses were completed. The commissioners in September, 1662, wrote to Mr. Boyle from Boston, saying : " The Bible is now about half done ; and constant progress therein is made; the other half is like to be finished in a year." In 1663 the completed Bible appeared. It con- tains four title-pages. The first is in English and reads thus : " The Holy Bible : Containing the Old Testament The Eliot Bible. and the New. Translated into the Indian Language, and Ordered to be Printed by the Commissioners of the United Colonies in New-England, At the Charge, and with the Consent of the Corporation in England For the Propagation of the Gospel amongst the Indi- ans in New-England. Cambridge : Printed by Sam- uel Green and Marmaduke Johnson. MDCLXIII." The second title, which is in Indian, is as follows : " Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God Naneeswe Nukkone Testament kah wonk VVusku Testament. Ne quoshkinnumuk nashpe Wuttinneu- moh Christ noh asoowesit John Eliot. Cambridge : Printeuoop nashpe Samuel Green kah Marmaduke Johnson. 1663." Literally translated, these words read : " The whole Holy His Bible God both Old Testament and also New Testament. This turned by the Servant of Christ who is called John Eliot." The third and fourth title-pages are contained in the New Testament ; and, as they are the same as in the edition of 1661, the description need not be re- peated. At the end of the Old Testament are the words " Wohkukquohsinwog QuosHodtumwaenuog ; " that is, " The Prophets are ended." The New Testa- ment is followed by a metrical version of the Psalms. There is no title-page to the Psalms, but this heading : "Wame Ketoohomae Uketoohomaongash David;" 8 Early Bibles. meaning, "All the Singing Songs of David." At the close, on one leaf, are rules for Christian living, consisting of two questions, " How can I walk all day long with God? " and " What should a Christian do to keep perfectly holy the Sabbath Day ? " with the answers. The book is a quarto in size and printed upon ex- cellent paper. The pages measure 6^ inches by 4^ inches. Genesis and the other books to the end of the Old Testament cover 414 leaves; and St. Matthew to the end of the New Testament, 126 leaves. The Psalms in meter fill 50 leaves, and the total number of printed pages in the Bible is 600. There is a dedication^ to Charles II. covering two pages. This differs in wording from the first that appeared in the edition of 1661, as it is a dedication of the whole Bible to His Majesty. As in the case of the New Testament, presentation copies of the Bible of 1663 were sent to the English Corporation, to be disposed of as that body should elect. The number thus sent was twenty, in an unbound condi- tion. In England they were substantially bound in dark-blue morocco. What disposition was made of these twenty volumes, and who became their recip- ients, is not known, except that one copy was pre- sented to Charles II. Appendix B. The Eliot Bible, A portion of the edition of 1663 was bound up for the use of the Indians, and contained no English title-pages and dedication, for it was wholly in the Indian tongue. The copies previously spoken of as having the English title-pages and dedication are marked by certain variations. Mr. J. C. Pilling, in the " Bibliography of the Algonquian Languages," printed at Washington by the Government in 1891, makes a classification of seven varieties. He saysi^ " These differ in the number of certain preliminary leaves: namely, the dedication of the whole Bible, the Indian general title, the leaf of contents, the Eng- lish New Testament title, and the dedication of the New Testament, one or more of which are generally omitted; also in the Indian New Testament title, which sometimes does not contain the diamond- shaped figure." Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan, in his " List of Bibles printed in America," points out sixty errors in the printing of the Eliot Bible of 1663, and most of these were caused by the omission of certain words and sen- tences from the translation. A ludicrous mistake was made in the rendering of the twenty-third verse of the second chapter of 2 Kings, " Go up, thou bald head," to which Dr. Trumbull has called atten- 1 " Bibliography of the Algonquian Languages," p. 142. V lO Early Bibles. tion. He says:^ " In the Indian, the last word liter- ally is ' ball-head ' (' pompasuhkonkanontup '). Either the interpreter mistook the word as pronounced by Eliot, or he thought it well to aggravate the insult by likening Elisha's smooth head to a foot-ball ; for * pompasuhkonk ' denotes a ball to play with." Considering the difficulties that had to be encoun- tered in printing the first Bible in America, it is a matter of surprise that the errors were not more numerous. Presses, type, ink, and paper had to be imported, coming long distances, and by slow means of conveyance. Workmen were few, and the sources of instruction limited. The Algonquian^ was a harsh language, and it had no equivalents for certain Eng- lish words. Salt was unknown to the Indians, and hence the word had to be inserted without transla- tion. The same was true of " Amen " and some other terms. The words of the language were so extremely long that Cotton Mather thought they must have been stretching themselves out from the time of the confusion of tongues at Babel. Rev. Dr. 1 " Memorial History of Boston," vol. i., p. 473. * There are three ways in which this word is spelled, namely, "Algonkln," "Algonquin," and "Algonquian." The last way is used in the documents concerning the Indian tribes as printed by the Bureau of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. As these documents are quoted several times in this book this third form of spelling is followed. 21 M d MV S $ E WUNNEETUPANATAMWE UP-BIBLUM GOD i NANBESWE j?Jj; SINUKKONE testament!^ KAH WONK WUSKU TESTAMENT. SI •OS «« ir>n» 1^' !lS' Ne ^uofiikuinatnuk nafhpe'^irtitttniieuinob^tf A/57 QOb afoowdit JOHN ELIOT- Ig •X5 CAMBRIDGE: S|| PrioteuQopoafhpe S^wMr/ CrM» kuh M»rmMf ftbof-* 2S VMM Fac-simile of the Indian title page of the Eliot Bible of 16G3. Reduced size. i\ The Eliot Bible. II Ellis playfully says :^ " To us it seems as if an Indian root-word started little and compact, like one of their own papooses, and then grew at either extrem- ity, thickened in the middle, extended in shape and proportion in each limb, member, and feature, and was completed with a feathered head-knot." Some impression o' the appearance of the language may be had by the following version of the Lord's Prayer : Nooshun kesukqut, quttianatamunach koowesuonk. Peyaumooutch kukketassootamoonk, kuttenantamoonk ne n nach ohkeit neane ke- sukqut. Nummeetsuongash asekesukokish assamainnean yeuyeu kesukok. Kah ahquoantamaiinnean nutnmatcheseongash, neane matchenehukqweagig nutahquontamounnonog. Ahque sagkompa- gunaiinnean en qutchhuaouganit, webe pohquohwussinnean wutch matchitut. Newutche kutahtaunn ketassootamoonk, kah menuhke- suonk, kah sohsumoonk micheme. Amen. The completion of the Bible of 1663 brought great joy to the heart of Mr. Eliot, not only because it was a great event in the art of printing, but chiefly for the reason that it facilitated his work among the Indians. Cotton Mather could hardly contain him- self in his enthusiasm of thanksgiving. In his " Mag- nalia " he thus writes : " Behold, ye Americans, the greatest honor that ever you were partakers of. The Bible was printed here at our Cambridge, and is the only Bible that ever was printed in all America, from size. 1 " Memorial History of Boston," vol. i., p. 270. 12 Early Bibles. the very foundation of the world. The whole trans- lation he writ with but one pen; which pen, if it had not been lost, would have certainly deserved a richer case than was bestowed upon that pen with which Holland writ his translation of Plutarch." Francis, in his " Life of John Eliot," doubts the statement about the translation being written with but one pen, and says Mather's " story seems more precise than credible. "1 In 1680 a second edition of the New Testament appeared. The upper part of the title-page is in Indian, while the lower contains the words, " Cam- bridge, Printed for the Right Honourable Corpora- tion in London for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians in New England. 1680." No mention is made of the printer or printers. Mr. Eliot was desirous of seeing a new impression of the whole Bible, as many copies of the edition of 1663 had been lost or destroyed during the score of years since it was printed. The Indian war of 1675-76 had contributed also to this result. Mr. Eliot began the new version in 1677, ar*^ desired the work to be accelerated, for he said, " My age makes me importunate." That great spiritual good had been accomplished is evident, for in the earliest years of his work Eliot wrote of the Indians : " It hath 1 Francis, " Life of Eliot," p. 227. The Eliot Bible. 13 pleased God to stir up the hearts of many of them this winter to learn to read and write, wherein they do much profit with a very little help, especially some of them, for they are very ingenious." In 1680 Mr. Eliot wrote: " I shall depart joyfully, may I but have the Bible among them, for it is the word of life." This desire for a fresh supply of Bibles was not alone Eliot's wish, for he says under date of November 4, 1680: "Our praying Indians both in the islands and on the main, are considered together, numerous; thousands of souls, of whom some true believers, some learners, and some still infants, and all of them, beg, cry, entreat for Bibles, having already enjoyed that blessing, but now are in great want." The press- work on the Old Testament be- gan in 1682, but the progress was slow, for Mr. Eliot writes : " We have but few hands, one Englishman, a boy, and one Indian." The Indian referred to was a man known as James Printer, who had worked on the first edition. He seems to have been well fitted for his task, for Eliot in 1682 writes of him: "We have but one man, the Indian printer, that is able to compose the sheets and correct the press with understanding." Mr. Eliot also records his indebtedness to Rev. John Cotton of Plymouth, " who helped me much in the second edition of the Bible." v^ 14 Early Bibles. In the autumn of 1685 the second and last version of the Indian Bible appeared. Extant copies show that this is in leading particulars a reproduction of the first edition. This is implied on the title-page, where the Indian sentence occurs, " Nahohtoeu ontchetoe Printeuoomuk;" which, translated, means "Second- time amended impression." The name only of Samuel Green appears as printer. Like the previous Bible, the contents consist of the Old and New Testa- ments, the Psalms in meter, and the rules for Chris- tian living. It is similar to it also in being printed in double columns with headings and side reference.s. The whole book is printed on 608 leaves without pagination ; that is, a few more leaves than the Bible of 1663, which is accounted for by the addition of summaries at the head of the chapters. It contains no English title-pages, as they are solely in Indian. A few of the copies had a^ dedication in English to Hon. Robert Boyle, the head of the Corporation in England. Mr. Boyle had been a most substantial helper in advancing the welfare of the Indians in New England. He had not only influenced the English Corporation to sustain the work financially, but had given out of his personal means ;^300 toward it, and also provided for an additional gift of £\ in his will. Mr. Eliot was profoundly grateful for the solid 1 Appendix C. The Eliot Bible. 15 interest Mr. Boyle had taken in his plans, and in his letters addressed him as " Right honourable nursing father." Copies of the Bible of 1685 with the Boyle dedication are now extremely scarce, as only twelve are known to exi.st, and nine of these are in public libraries. The publication of the Eliot Bible was an event that was noted not only in the New World but throughout Europe. The late John G. Shea, a well- known writer of the Latin Church, says: "The vol- ume excited interest in Rome, and a brief of Pope Clement XI. to the Archbishop of Saragossa, August 31,1 709, written to excite him to prevent the intro- duction into Spanish America of a Bible recently translated into an American language by Protestants, evidently refers to this, although it is spoken of as printed in London." The errors in printing the Bible of 1663 were corrected in the second edition. While the latter is not without errors, they are chiefly, as Dr. O'Cal- laghan has shown, mistakes in the spelling of words. Dr. Trumbull has called attention to the omission of the sentence, " but deceiveth his own heart," in St. James i. 26. In the second edition the error is corrected in a footnote. The improved condition of the Bible of 1685 over the first edition makes the second edition a more desirable book to those v. I6 Early Bibles. who wish to know something of the Indian lan- guage. A recent writer very justly says :* " While the first edition of Eliot's Hible is the more attractive to col- lectors of rare Americana, and deserves the preemi- nence that is accorded to it, as a monument of early typography, and as the first version of the Bible printed in the New World, it should not be forgotten that to the student of the American languages, and to the general philologist, the second is the more valuable; and that all critical references to Eliot's version are or should be made to this revised and corrected edition." To collectors of rare books the Eliot Bibles are coveted treasures. As the years roll away the price of these rarities steadily rises.'' At the sale of the Brinley Library in New York, March, 1879, an Eliot New Testament of 166 1 brought $700. At the same sale a Bible of 1663 was knocked down at $1000. At an auction in 1884 a Bible of 1685 brought $950. In London, at a sale held July 2, 1882, INIr. Quaritch, the eminent bibliophile, bought for the late Mr. Kalbfleisch of New York an Eliot Bible of 1663, containing the English title-pages, and dedication to Charles II., for ;^58o; that is, about $2900. The Bement copy of the Eliot Testament of 1661 sold in 1 Note in the Brinley Catalogue. 2 Appendix E. The Eliot Bible. ir London in 1820 for less than a dollar. It brought at its last sale, in New York, in 1890, the sum of $610. The Cutter copy of the Eliot Hible of 1663 was bought by John Allan of New York for $10. In 1864 it was resold and reached $825, and again in 1 88 1 it was purchased for $900. The Eames copy, somewhat imperfect, sold in 1846 for $11, in 1868 for $95, in 1870 for $120, and in 1882 for $140. The Trumbull copy sold in 1862 for $115 and in 1876 for $325. Twenty-one years ago Mr. Nathaniel Paine of Worcester, Mass., made a list of the Kliot Bibles. By his count the total reached fifty-four. Since then several copies, especially those owned privately, have changed hands, and others have come to light. The writer has found twelve copies that have not been previously noticed or included in any list. There are more Eliot Bibles in the great libraries of Europe than was at first supposed. The total number of Indian New Testaments and Bibles now known to exist is one hundred and twenty-five. ^ There are many interesting associations connected with copies of the Eliot Bibles, as they have been in the possession of kings, princes, statesmen, prelates, and great schools of learning. There is in the Bod- leian Library, Oxford, an Eliot Bible of 1661, which was given by Ralph Freke in 1668. The year be- Appendix D. i8 Early Bibles. fore he had received it from Harvard College, contains the following inscription: It By order of the overseers of Harvard Colleg in Cambridg in New Engld, To the Right worshippl Ralph Freke, Esq., a noble benefactor to the aforesayd Colleg. 1667. Mr. Freke was one of the subscribers who gave Harvard College its !irst font of type. It may be that this Bible was printed from the type thus pre- sented. The University of Virginia has a copy of the first edition of the Eliot Bible that was once the property of Dr. C. D. Ebeling, the German historian. At his death his library was purchased by Mr. Israel Thorn- dike of Boston, who presented it to Harvard Uni- versity in 181 8. As the University had another copy of Eliot, the corporation, at a meeting held June 22, 1 8 19, directed the treasurer to dispose of the Ebeling Bible. By some train of circumstances it came into the possession of the University of Vir- ginia, where it has been since 1828, as the book catalogue of the institution shows. It contains Dr. Ebeling's autograph, and this inscription on the fly- leaf: Biblia Sacra in linguam Indorum Americanre gentis Twv Natick translata a Johanne Eliot Missionario Anglicano. Impressa Canta- brigiae Novae Angliae oppido. Liber sumniae raritatis. V. Clement. Bibl. cur. T. iv. Freytag Analecta. The Eliot Bible. 19 Increase Mather, while president of Harvard Col- lege, presented the universities at Utrecht and Ley- den, Holland, with Eliot Bibles of 1685, which are still preserved in the libraries of those institutions. The Eliot of 1663, in the library of the British Mu- seum, was once the property of Hon. Edward Ever- ett, United States minister to Great Britain. He presented it to Hon. Thomas Grenville, who be- queathed his library to the Museum. Hon. Rufus King, minister to England in 1796, was the owner of an Eliot Bible of 1685, which is now in the hands of his descendants in this country. Hon. Thomas Aspinwall, United States consul in England in 18 15. possessed an Eliot New Testament of 1661. Brown University, Providence, R. I., has a copy of the In- dian Bible of 1663 that belonged to Roger Williams and has notes in the margin in his own handwrit- ing. On one of the pages are the words " College Library," written by James Manning, the first pres- ident of the University. The catalogue of the insti- tution has this note : " During the War of the Rev- olution the book was one of five hundred in the library which were removed to Wrentham, Mass., for safety, in the care of the Rev. William Williams, a member of the first graduating class." The Bible in the library of Yale College has the signature of John Winthrop, doubtless the Winthrop V, 20 Early Bibles, who was governor of Connecticut in 1698. Mr. Pierpont Morgan of New York owns a first edition of Eliot that has the signature of White Kennett, who was the Bishop of Peterborough in 1718. One of the finest and most desirable of the Eliot Bibles of 1663 is known to collectors as " the Allan copy," from its having belonged to John Allan, the anti- quarian. It is one of the " Royal " copies, contain- ing the dedication to Charles 11. It contains the autograph of William Ashurst, who was an active member of the Corporation for Propagating the Gospel in New England, and who became eventually its governor. This gives this Bible peculiar interest. It was sold at the Brinley sale for $900, and is now the property of Mrs. Laura Eliot Cutter of Brooklyn, N. Y., who is a lineal descendant of John Eliot by the sixth generation. The Eliot that originally belonged to the Marquis of Hastings is in the library of the late John Carter Brown, Providence, R. I. In the same library there is a very historic copy of the Al- gonquian Testament of 1661 in the original binding of blue morocco. This book was taken from the palace of the Prince of Orange when the French invaded Holland in December and January, 1 794—95. Mr. C. F. Gunther of Chicago has an Indian Bible of 1685 that contains the autograph of "Josiah Cotton," who was for many years a missionary among the The Eliot Bible. 21 he Indians and wrote a vocabulary in their language. Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt of New York is the owner of an Eliot Bible that was once the property of Jona- than Edwards. Boston Athenaeum has the Indian Bible that was presented to Dr. John Fell, dean of Christ Church, and Bishop of Oxford, a well-known biblical scholar and the editor of a critical Greek Testament. Mr. W. B. Shillaber of Boston has the Bible of 1685 that was 'the property 01 Dr. John Pickering the philologist, and the United Congrega- tional Church of Newport, R. I., is in possession of the Bible that belonged to Rev. Ezra Stiles, who was president of Yale College from 1778 to 1795. Mr. Theodore Irwin of Oswego, N. Y., is the fortunate possessor of an Indian Bible of 1663 which was a presentation copy from John Eliot to Thomas Shep- ard in 1666. It contains the line "Ye gift of ye Rev'^ Translator." This is the only Bible that can be dii-ectly traced as having been the property of the "Apostle to the Indians." In the Lenox Library, New York City, may be seen an Indian Bible that once belonged to the late George Chalmers, the his- torian of Scotland. Another copy, that belonged to Mr. Henry R. Schoolcraft, the ethnologist and In- dian writer, is in the library of Mr. Lucius L. Hub- bard of Cambridge, Mass. The Pilgrim Society of Plymouth, Mass., has the imi'.si^-t.f^ 22 Early Bibles. Eliot of 1685 that was the property of Hon. William Gushing, Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court in 1780. The Library Company of Philadelphia has a copy of the edition of 1663 that contains the autograph of "J. Logan," who was the secretary of William Penn in 1699. There are scores of others of historic interest. As might be expected, there are several Bibles that contain the signatures of their former Indian owners, and these books in most cases give evidence in blackened and well-thumbed pages of the constant use they had in their day. The primers, grammars, and every other publica- tion known to have appeared in the Massachusetts dialect are described at length in the " Bibliography of the Algonquian Language," by Mr. James C. Pilling, assisted by Mr. Wilberforce Eames. John Eliot died at the advanced age of eighty-six, after a life replete with usefulness. His unselfish- ness, his devotion to duty, his broad sympathies, his strength and gentleness of character, all made him a central figure in the history of colonial times in America. Duponceau called him " the Augustine of New England." But the title "the Apostle to the Indians " has for generations been associated with his name wherever mentioned. In literature it api^eared early, for Dr. Leusden, who was professor of Hebrew at Utrecht, Holland, dedicated in 1661 The Eliot Bible. 23 his English and Hebrew Psalter to Eliot, " the ven- erable Apostle to the Indians in America." The first use of the appellation is attributed to Rev. Thomas Thorowgood, who first used it in 1660. It was well applied ; for Eliot had the apostolic spirit, as in- dicated in a lifelong consecration. Evidently the thought that guided him at all tim s was that which he once wrote on the blank leaf of his Indian Gram- mar in these words : " Prayers and Pains, through Christ Jesus, will do anything." n ^V-a-A-i..^^".- ;;- THE SAUR BIBLE. During the early days of the American colonies many Germans settled in Pennsylvania. They were as a class frugal and peaceable. They preferred, for the most part, the agricultural districts, where, by their industry, they acquired homes, and earned a generous living. Among these settlers was Chris- topher Saur,^ a man who rose to a position of com- manding influence among his countrymen. He was born at Laasphe in Wittgenstein, Germany, in 1693 He received his education at the University of Mar- burg, and after his graduation went to Halle, where he studied medicine for several years. He came to this country in 1 724, and settled at Germantown, but in the same year went to Lancaster County and engaged in farming. In 1731 he returned to Ger- mantown, and followed the practice of medicine. As 1 Mr. Saur changed the spelling of his name when writing in Eng- lish to Sower, and his descendants follow the same spelling. For the sake of uniformity, the German way of spelling the word, as found on the title-page of the Saur Bible, has been retained in this article. /; BS re or >y a s- 1- s re e BIBLIA, SMId: ((^ ©cl Written imb r>mtm 95tt(W t(xi m ht$ 0<*HKft 6(9 S*r»»pS £«», 1743. 1 '-Sij. ;i- . l'"ac-siiiiilo of the tillf-page of the Saur Bible of 1743. Keduced size. kMsumsmr V m'^^„..^ The Satir Bible. 25 he was a man of decided convictions in matters of morality and religion, he became interested in better- ing the temporal and spiritual condition of the Ger- mans about him. He found them destitute to a great extent of reading- matter in their own tongue. He at once began to import Bibles and various re- ligious books for their use. Nothing can illustrate this better than the following remarkable statement made by Mr. Abraham G. Cassel, a great-grandson of Christopher Saur. In a letter to the author of this book he writes : " In those early days Bibles had to come by the way of England, and they were weighed and sixpence per ounce was charged as duty or tariff, and as there were no regular importers in the colony at that time the order had to be filled by the captain of the vessel, who sometimes charged as high as one hundred percent for commission, which brought up the Bibles to an enormous price." As many of the people were poor, Saur induced several Bible societies in Germany to donate copies of the Scriptures, and especially the publishing houses at Halle and Biidingen. As time went on, and the intellectual wants of the German people became more evident, he urged the publication of books and papers in America. He knew nothing of printing; but an emergency arose which drew him into the business, which he followed the remainder of his life V^,W.: 26 Early Bibles. with devotion and enthusiasm. Thomas says : " The Baptists, or Tunkers, in Germany raised by subscrip- tion a sum of money, in order to purchase religious books and disperse them among their poor friends in Pennsylvania, and to establish a press there to print for the same purpose. Accordingly a press and types, with a quantity of books, were sent out and intrusted to the management of a German Baptist by the name of Jacob Gaus. He was to have the use of, and the emolument arising from, the press, on condition that he should distribute a certain num- ber of copies of each of the religious books he should print among the poor Germans. This person did not possess the ability necessary for the undertaking, and no other person who was thought to have suffi- cient ability for the purpose was found to take his place. The business was suspended, and the press and type viewed as us.eless lumber."^ It was at this point that Mr. Saur came into possession of the property. He set up his press, imported workmen from Germany, and launched his publishing enter- prise. In 1738 he began the printing of an almanac, which was the first one in German printed in this country. It was very small at first, consisting of twenty-four pages. It was enlarged in 1743 to 1 Thomas's " History of Printing in America," vol. i., p. 271. The Sanr Bible. 27 thirty-six pages, but by 1750 it had increased to forty-eight pages. Its publication was continued for forty years. So great was the faith of the Germans in the in- tegrity of Mr. Saur that in seriousness they consulted his almanac for weather predictions. A farmer, about to make a journey, referred to his almanac and found the day marked " fair." He went in an open wagon, but ere long a shower drenched him through and thrjugh. In great anger he called upon Mr. Saur for an explanation. The sturdy German quietly replied : " My friend, I made the almanac, but the Almighty made the weather." Mr. Saur printed the first number of a religious newspaper on August 20, 1739, and also began the publication of a relig- ious quarterly, in German, in 1746. These publi- cations had a large circulation among the German population. The newspaper .was the first religious newspaper issued in this country. It is said to have reached a circulation of ten thousand copies, which was large for that time. In 1739 Saur published a book known as the "Weyrauchs Hiigel," which is a- collection of 691 hymns, which was designed for the use of the Eph- rata Community. Conrad Beissel contributed 441 hymns, while other memoers of the Brotherhood added a few. The book is a small octavo of 800 ■'UttkSh^SBSsa*' 28 Early Bibles. I pages, bound in the old Dutch style, that is, in oak boards covered with leather, with brass guards for the back and sides. The edition was a small one, and the book is very rare. Its present market value to collectors is fifty dollars. A great deal of inter- est is attached to this publication, as it was the first book printed in the German language in the United States. Through his almanac and newspaper Mr. Saur urged the publication of a German Bible, and pleaded for help. In 1739 he issued his Proposal. It is in several respects unique, and worth quoting nearly in full. He writes: Therefore, as we thmk we have some abilities to meet this great desideratum, we are also willing to contribute all that is in our power thereto. IJut as the j)ublishing of sucli a work requires a much greater outlay than our means are adequate to, we deem it necessary that all the subscribers, or, to speak plainly, all those who desire a copy of the Bible shall notify us, and pay half a crown which is neces- sary ; First, that we may know a little how many we may venture to print. Second, to assist us in our payments, as the paper for one Bible alone costs 7^. dd. Thirdly, that if we should be necessitated to involve ourselves by loans in getting it up, we may have something to depend on to relieve us again from our embarrassments ; and lastly, as the country is so new yet that we have no example of the kind to pattern after. The form shall be long quarto ; that is, the height and breadth like this page, and with the same type, which we think sufficiently read- able to old and young. In thickness, it shall be about the breadth of a hand, for we are willing to take good paper to it. Notes or comments we will add none, as we hope that all those who read the Holy Scriptures with a. sincere heart, will, through the %,Jg!M The Sixitr Bible. 29 teachings of the fear of (lod, which is the beginning of all wisdom, become sufHiciently aciiuaiiited with the sinfulness and depiavity of his heart, to seek for an interest in the Saviour, through whose redeem- ing power he will be taught to love llim and keep Mis wonls; then the Father will love him and come unto him, and they will make their abode with him. Ai... if the (lodhead thus dwells in him, then the Holy Ghost will be the best commentator of His own words; as Moses, the Prophets, and Christ, the Apostles, and Kvangelists have s]iokcn and recorded them ; and that, then, will be the correctest and most reliable commentary. Concerninti the price, we cannot say precisely : First, because we do not know yet how many we shall print, for the smaller the number, the higher the price will be, and the larger the number, the lower the price will be. .Seccmd, because several friends of the Truth have, out of love to Ciod, and ior the good of their needy neighbors, already contributed towa.d it, and others have offered to do so. Partly, that its price may be so low that the parsimonious and avaricious may have no excuse, and those of lesser means, no burden. Therefore, in proportion to the number of such benefactors, and as our own means will enable us to do, the price will be. But this much we may say, that all unbound, none shall cost over fourteen shillings, which we hope will not be thought dear, especially when we consider that the paper alone is at least four times as high here as it is ir. Germany. To print a Bible at that day was an immense un- dertaking, for type was not as yet manufactured in the new country. Workmen were few, and financial aid slow in coming. But Mr. Saur persisted in his appeals, and believed in the ultimate success of his plans. He appealed to Germany for assistance, as well as to friends in America. His plea was not in vain. Dr. Heinrich Ehrenfried Luther, a type-foun- der of Frankfort-on-the-Main, presented him with a iiisssasrr 30 Early Bibles. font of type, asking no other compensation than to receive a copy of the Bible when completed. Dr. Luther waD not only a prominent type-foun- der, but a man of literary attainments who received university honors. As a lawyer of ability, he filled the position of Court Councilor of Wiirtemberg. At that time, Frankfort-on-the-Main was one of the four free cities of Germany. He was born in the above city in the year 1700, and died in 1770. As soon as the type was received, work upon the Bible began. The book was three years in going through the press, and the last sheet was finished in August, 1 743. Considering the early day at which the Saur Bible was printed, it is an admirable ex- ample of workmanship. It was the first Bible printed in America in a Euro- pean language. The title-page: " Biblia, Das ist : Die Heilige Schrift Altes und Neues Testaments, Nach der Deutschen Ueberset- zung D. Martin Luthers, Mit jedes Capitels kurtzen Summarien, auch beygefiigten vielen und richtigen Parallelen ; Nebst einem Anhang Des dritten und vierten Buchs Esra und des dritten Buchs der Mac- cabaer. Germantown : Gedruckt bey Christoph Saur, 1743." ind kt- :en jen ind lac- ur, Fac-siiuile of the armorial ensign of Dr. Ilcinricb Ehrenfried Luther of Frankfort-on-the-Main. lOxact size. The Saur Bible. 31 Translation: The Bible, That is the Holy Scrip- tures of the Old and New Testaments, after the Ger- man translation of Dr. Martin Luther, with short summaries to every chapter, also many and correct parallel references, besides an Appendix of the Third and Fourth Books of Ezra, and the Third Book of Maccabees. Germantown: Printed by Christopher Saur, 1743. Collation: Title, one leaf; verso, blank. Preface, one page. Order of Books of Old Testament, one page. Text, pp. 1-805. Apocrypha, pp. 806-949. Appendix, pp. 950-995. New Testament title, one leaf. Preface, one leaf. Order of Books, one page. Text, pp. 3-277. Register of Epistles and Gospels for Sundays of Christian Year, two pages. Register of Epistles and Gospels for certain Saints' Days, one leaf. Short history of translations of the Bible, four pages. In some copies this history is placed between the title-page and the Preface. Copies of this kind are few. Preface: While all books require a preface by means of which the use and peculiarity of the book is briefly described, the Bible is in itself suffi- ciently known, and itself brings all that can only be written about ; above all It and every Scripture given of God is useful, for doctrine, for reproof, for improvement, for instruction in righteousness, that a man of God may be perfect, equipped for all good works, etc. (2 Tim. iii. 15, 16, 17). Tiie moving causes for printing this present Bible, 32 Early Bibles. have been chiefly, as may be perceived : Firstly, that so many poor Germans come to the country who do not all bring Bibles. Secondly, that so many are born and bred in the land, who also do not all know how to obtain Bibles, and it is noticed that the well-to-do usually care for themselves and theirs. Luther's translation has been selected, because most in keeping with the usual German idiom, and though excellent translations, word for word, have all been discriminated in admirable passages, yet his simply expresses but a single idea. It is sure that he who reads those Scriptures with honest heart, which are clear and plain and require no explanation, will, through Christ's power, attain to practice, and will remain true to the selfsame One, who is to be placed over so many of God's mysteries as are needful to his eternal salvation ; and he who will be a doer of the Word and not merely a hearer or reader, deceive neither himself nor another. To whomsoever aught appears incomprehensible in reading, and he lacks true wisdom, let him ask it of God, who gi.es it richly to him who asks in faith (James i. 5). And if somewhat be not granted unto him for a season, he will recog- nize it as clear as the sun at another time, when he reaches the same standpoint where the Scripture is. The Halle Bible, in fact its 34th edition, has been taken ; Firstly, because it is very rich in parallels. Secondly, because it is belie \'ed that it contains the fewest printing mistakes, because the type-setting remains standing. The accusation that one has mixed his own with it, and not followed Luther's translation, is regarded as unworthy of contradiction. It is before our eyes, and whoever compares our printing with the aforesaid edition, will find that not only has it been adhered to, but that more than a hundred printer's errors have been removed. The latter are remembered, not to censure that work, but that, should any one find that mistakes have again crept in without our knowledge, it may be forgiven us as unto other men. Moreover, no explanations have been made, a procedure in which we are as much at liberty as others ; F'irstly, because by means of Scripture parallelisms, one phrase frequently illuminates another in the Spiritual sense. Secondly, liecause it is certain that to him who reads the Scriptures with an upright heart, the Holy Spirit in the heart reveals His true meaning by the reading itself; and according The Saur Bible. 33 as every believer himself undergoes such an experience in himself, individually, so one believes assuredly that the time nears when the whole earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord (Isa. ii. 9), and there shall be no need that brother teach brother and admonish him to know the Lord (Jer. xxxi. 34). But they shall all be taught of God, both small and great, when He shall pour out His Spirit on all flesh, that sons and daughters prophesy, young men see visions, and the old men dream dreams, and His Spirit shall flow upon His servants and handmaids (Joel ii. 28-32). So will He himself make clear His meaning, and show His might, yea, verily, be the Word itself. Flee hither, who can ; come soon, Lord Jesus. The Saur Bible is a quarto, bound in beveled boards, covered with strong leather, with the covers held together with clasps. It is printed in double columns, with parallel references, and there are short summaries at the head of each chapter. There is an ornamented headpiece at the beginning of Genesis, and another before the Gospel of St. Matthew. The general title-page is printed in black and red. The edition consisted of twelve hundred copies, and the price was eighteen shillings ; that is, about two dol- lars and a half. Mr. Saur did not forget his obligation to Dr. H. E. Luther, for he had twelve copies of his Bible substan- tially bound, and sent them on the 5th of December, 1 743, to Germany, by the ship " Queen of Hungary." The vessel, when near St. Malo, was attacked by French and Spanish pirates, and all the cargo was captured. At the expiration of two years the Bibles 34 Early Bibles. reached their destination, and came into the posses- sion of Dr. Luther. There are persons who regard this account as highly romantic, and quite improb- able, but there can be no doubt of its truthfulness, for it is placed beyond all question by the direct con- firmation of it by Dr. Luther in his own handwriting. He presented one of the twelve copies of the Saur Bible to the Duchess Elizabeth Sophie Marie von Braunschweig, who had a collection of several thou- sand rare editions of the Holy Scriptures. At her death she bequeathed the collection to the Ducal Library at Wolfenbiittel, Germany. The librarian of this institution, Dr. O. von Heinemann, in a letter bearing date February 8, 1892, speaks of the presen- tation volume as "well preserved and well bound," In regard to the story of the Bibles falling into the hands of pirates, he says : " All this is stated in a note, written in Latin and signed by Luther with his own hand, attached to the inside of the front cover of our copy; as well as in a German translation of the same, entirely in Luther's handwriting, inserted in the book." But the most interesting evidence of all is that written in the copy which Dr. Luther retained for his own library. This book is now in the possession of Dr. J. Haeberlin, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, who is Mr. Luther's great-great-grandson, and the inher- The Saur Bible. 35 itor of his possessions. In a letter dated March 6, 1892, Dr. Haeberlin has given some very important information concerning Luther's copy of the Saur Bible. He states that it contains the following dedi- cation : " This Holy Book, by the Aid of God recently published in the German language in the Western World, with types from the Luther Printing House, which has flourished in Frankfort since the invention of printing, under the widely known name of Ege- nolf, and still continues to prosper, was the very first, preceded by none in the English, Dutch, or any other language, and was sent with eleven other copies on account of its being a novel and rare production, by the publisher, Christopher Saur, to Europe : But, ' The Queen of Hungary ' — so the ship was called, — under the command of the Englishman Faulkner, after having successfully completed the greater portion of the journey, not far from the head- land of the Isle Maclovius, known under the name of St. Malo, feK into the hands of French and Spanish Pirates, who offered the ship with its cargo of wares and these 12 copies, the Apostles of the Western World, as it were, at public sale, until they all finally, through a wonderful dispensation of Providence, after a lapse of two years, were released from the bands of robbers, and delivered uninjured to the Luther 36 Early Bibles. Printing House, to whom they owed their existence. Depart, then, my Book, and become in consideration of thy marvellous fortunes, under the name of 'Apos- tle,' together with thy similarly delivered companion volumes, a permanent ornament of the most noted libraries, in fulfilment of the well considered wish and will of the donor, whose written, not printed name follows. " Luther, Dr. " Frankfort-on-the-Main, January i, 1747." It is evident that Dr. Luther was not aware of the fact that the Eliot Bible had been printed in Amer- ica nearly a hundred years before, or he would not have said that the Saur Bible " was the very first, preceded by none in the English, Dutch, or any other language." Dr. Luther presented a second copy of the original twelve Bibles to Count Keyserlingk. This volume is now in the Royal Library at Stuttgart. Dr. T. Schott, the librarian, in a letter of February 8, 1892, writes : The copy is evidently in its original binding of English leather. The sections of the back are ornamented with small gold toolings, and the front and back covers have prettily shaped designs in leather. There is a middle field, or centre-piece. On the inside of the front cover is a printed dediction from H. E. Luther to Count Hermann Karl Keyserlingk, Councilor of the Empress Elizabeth of Russia. V Fac-siraile of the Saur Bible presented William VIII , the landgrave ol Ilesse-Cassel. Size reduced. w The Saur Bible. 37 W^. m^ F ... vsvy*' According to the Latin inscription, tlic Count lived for several years in Luther's house. The same is dated Frankfort, Dec, 1745. Over the dedication is a coat-of-arms, most likely that of Luther. It consists of a shield parted diagonally from upper right-hand corner to lower left, on which is a galloping winged horse. In the upper left-hand corner is a small division representing three mountain tops, on the middle one of which is a cross. The crest is also decorated with these three mountain tops and cross. The last owner befsre the copy came into the possession of the Royal Library of Stuttgart was the well-known collector of Hibles, Pastor J. Lorck of Copenhagen. The copy is in every respect splen- didly preserved. A third copy is now preserved in the Prince Stol- berg Library at Wernigerode. The Hbrarian, Dr. Jacobs, says : " Our copy is well preserved and in the original binding, that is, the pig-skin binding in which Count Christian Ernest of Stolberg had the book bound." A fourth copy was given by Luther to Dr. Ruppersburg of Marburg. Members of his family came to this country in 1843 ^n*^ brought the Bible with them, but just where it is in the United States is not known. A fifth copy ws given to the Landes Bibliothek at Cassel. This Bible was originally presented to William VIII., the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel. It is ornamented on the cover with a gilt representa- tion of the Hessian lion, with these initials below the lion, " W. L." William VIII., a son of the Landgrave Karl of 38 Early Bibles. Hesse- Cassel, was born on the loth of March, 1682, and died on the ist of February, 1760. Upon the death of his brother Frederick, in 1 751, he himself became Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel. As his brother Frederick — Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel from 1 730 to I 75 1 — was also King of Sweden from 1720 until the time of his death and lived in that* country, William VHI. carried on the government as regent in his behalf during the entire period from 1730 to 1751- A sixth copy from Mr. Saur was presented to the Ducal Library at Gotha, where it is preserved. Dr. W. Pertsch says the copy has the usual Latin inscription with the signature of Dr. Luther. The date is 1 747. A seventh copy was sent by Luther to Count Heinrich de Bunan, and this is now in the possession of the Royal Library at Dresden, Germany. It contains a presentation inscription in these words : " This Holy Book, never before printed in the Western World in either English, Dutch, or any other language, but now under Divine protection, for the first time in German, and by types from his own foundry, is presented with the hope that it will give pleasure as a rarity, and on account of its com- ing from a remote land, to the Library of the illus- The Saur Bible. 39 trious Heinrich de Bunan, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Privy Councilor of His Christian Majesty, and of the Imperial Court, and Ambassador of the same to the Orders of the Circle of the Rhine and Lower Saxony, by Heinrich Ehrenfried Luther, J.N.D. & C.W.A. Frankfort-on-the-Main ; July, 1747." An eighth Bible was presei^jd to the C'ty Library at Frankfort-on-the-Main. The tra'^slat'^tl Latin in- scription is in these words: "This Holy Book, never before printed i the Western World, either in English, Dutch, or any other language,'but now, under divine pjttection, for the first time, in German, and by types from his own foundry, is presented to the library of this noble city by H. E. Luther, J.N.D. & C.W.A. Frankfort-on- the-Main, June, 1744." The letters "J.N.D." are equivalent to the hon- orary title represented by LL.D., and the initials " C.W.A." indicate " Court Councilor of Wiirtem- berg." This Bible is beai'tifuUy bound in brown leather, and ornamented wi';. gilt edges. On the rear cover it bears in gilt letters the words " Biblia Germantown. 1743." A ninth presen.alvon copy is in the Grand Ducal Museum at Weimar. The inscription, like the other copies, is in Latin, and similarly worded and printed. 40 Early Bibles. The librarian, Dr. C. Ruland, says : " The signature of Dr. Luther and the date, January, 1 747, are writ- ten, and at the back of the title-page the donor has written once more his name. The book is in a per- fect state of preservation — full calf binding." A tenth copy is in the Royal Library at Hanover, but a detailed account has not been received of it. An eleventh copy is in the Royal Library at Berlin. The librarian, Dr. von Gebhardt, says : " It has the printed Latin inscription, with an account of the fortunes of the twelve Bibles sent to Europe. A portion of the text as well as the date and the sig- nature of Dr. Luther are in writing." This Berlin copy is a most interesting and valuable one, as on a leaf before the title-page there is a history of the man- ner in which the twelve Bibles came into Dr. Luther's possession after they left the hands of the pirates. The account is not printed, but is written, and is in the following words : " This Dr. Luther was the agent of the Duke of Wiirtemberg in Frankfort-on- the-Main. He learned that some person had bought the package of twelve Bibles, that had been captured at St. Malo, for four rix-doUars,^ and wrote to the purchaser, who at once declared himself willing to deliver up the package on consideration that he received the sum he paid for it." 1 Literally in German, ' ' dollars of the Empire. " The Saur Bible. 41 These eleven copies with Luther's own copy com- plete the twelve. The date in the inscription of the copy in the City Library at Frankfort-on-the-Main is 1 744, and the date of the Count Keyserlingk copy is 1745. It is difficult to reconcile these dates with the statement that the Bibles were two years in reaching Germany. Dr. Haeberlin advances the opinion that as these copies contain no account of the sea robbery they may constitute a part of an earlier shipment made by Saur to Dr. Luther. This may or may not be a correct conjecture. Dr. HaeberHn states that in Luther's copy, which he retained for himself, there is a memorandum in his own handwriting of the disposition he made of the remaining eleven copies. The list is as follows : '• St. Petersburg, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Berlin, Hanover, Dresden, Gotha, Weimar, Braunschweig, Cassel, and Stuttgart." It will be observed that no mention is made in this list of the copy presented to the City Library at Frankfort-on-the-Main, or of the Prince Stolberg copy at.Wernigerode. Whether these were additional copies received from Mr. Saur, or whether '■hey belonged to the original twelve, and had changed hands, is not at present known. Of the Bibles that were sent to individuals or public libra- ries at St. Petersburg, Stockholm, and Copenhagen, no information has been received, though it has been '■•S.Wji!..ii.;^*k.i;;i~ 42 Early Bibles. solicited. The most determined correspondence has brought to light no Saur Bibles in these places. It seems almost certain that Luther did not send copies to these three cities; or, if sent, they found their way into the possession of other owners. He may have changed his mind about the destination of his gifts. The encouragement and support that Dr. Luther gave Saur, in publishing the Bible in this country, not only called out the gratitude of the German resi- dents, but of all who were interested in the advance- ment of morals and religion. Dr. Haeberlin says: " In later years, when Franklin visited Europe, he personally thanked Luther." He also writes: "Dr. Luther was given a large land grant, which he, how- ever, never claimed, as he scorned to receive any material compensation. I do not know what became of the deed of the property." Notwithstanding the energy and enterprise of Mr, Saur in giving his countrymen the Bible in their own language, he did not receive the support and grati- tude he deserved. He was accused of selfish and mercenary motives. Those who differed from him in hi religious opinions denounced his Bible even before it appeared. Booksellers tried to undersell him by offering imported Bibles at low rates. An- other class raised opposition by declaring that his The Saur Bible. 43 Bible was not a genuine rendering of the Lutheran translation. Relative to this last charge he wrote : " All that our adversaries can possibly say against us is concerning our appendix of the 3rd and 4th Books of Esdras, and the 3rd Book of the Maccabees, which is not Luther's. The Halle edition of 1708 con- tained it, but our 34th edition did not, or we should have followed it. Hence, therefore, we added it from the Berlinberger edition, which we think every child that has the least spark of godliness in him must love and revere. But whoever does not like it can inform us, and we will omit it in the binding. So, also, our addenda of the various translations." Mr. Saur made every effort to promote the read- ing of the Scriptures by bringing his Bible within the reach of all who desired it. Just before it was completed he wrote : " The price of our now nearly finished Bible in plain binding with a clasp will be eighteen shillings, but to the poor and needy we have no price." Mr. Saur was a many-sided man, and had much ingenuity and versatility. He erected a mill for manufacturing his own paper and ink. He also did his own binding, and contrived to cast the type he needed. The remarkable statement has been made of him that he was familiar with sixteen trades. The business, now so extensive, of making cast-iron stoves 44 Early Bibles. is said to have originated with him. The profession of medicine he never abandoned. Mr, Saur died in 1758, at the age of sixty-five, and was buried in the rear of his dwelling at Ger- mantown. He was succeeded in business by his only son, of the same name. He, like his father, was a man of pronounced executive ability. He enlarged the busi- ness and continued the publication of the newspaper and almanac. In addition he printed and bound over two hur'!*ed books. Several mills were en- gaged in manufacturing his paper, and he had work- men to engrave his woodcuts. He built a type foun- dry, which was the first of its kind in this country. This gave him all the type he needed, and enabled him to supply other printers. This foundry expanded as the years went on, and is now represented by the firm of L. Johnson & Co. of Philadelphia, who are at the head of the largest type establishment in the United States. In 1 763 Christopher Saur printed the second edi- tion of the German Bible. It is a quarto, and resem- bles the first edition in its general appearance, but differs from it in some respects. Both the title-pages are printed in black, and the type throughout the book is set closer. A portion of the last chapter of the Fourth Book of Ezra, and the whole of the Third The Saiir Bible. 45 Book of Maccabees, are printed in smaller type than the other parts of the book. The letters of the general title also differ in size from those of the first edition. The preface is a new one, and is entirely unlike that of the Bible of 1 743. It reads : Herewith appear, in this American part of the world, the Holy Scriptures — called the Bible — publicly printed for the second time in the High German language, to the honor of the German nation, — in- asmuch as no other nation can claim to have printed the Bible, in this part of the world, in its own language. May God then bless and accompany this edition unto the hearts of its readers ; yea, may He awaken in all hearts such a holy desire and pure motive in the perusal of this holy work, accompanying that perusal with the knowledge and understanding of His Spirit, that no one may venture to call such written and printed Word a dead letter ; but may, on the contrary, be able to say, with Piter (John vi. 68), " Lord, to whom shall we go? Thou hast the words of eternal life," and, as given forth by Jesus, a few verses preceding, " The words that I speak unto you, they are spirit and they are life. " Now we observe that these were the same words at which many took offence, and forthwith ceased to accompany Jesus ; of which person Peter could s^y, " Thou hast the words of eternal life." Should any one read the Holy Scriptures and find no attraction nor insight therein, let him ascribe the fault, not to the Scriptures, but to his own dead heart. Let him inwardly sigh and pray God to renew and change his heart, through the Holy Ghost, who is the Producer of the Holy Scriptures (2 Pet. i. 20, 21). So shall God give him that same Holy Spirit, which " will guide you into all truth," accord- ing to John xvi. 13, and " bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever Jesus hath said unto you " (John xiv. 26). " \i our gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost. In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ . . . should shine unto them " (2 Cor. iv. 3, 4). And so, if the Scriptures be obscure unto us, it is *•■ I 46 Early Bibles. because of the blinding of our minds, and if the Scriptures be a dead letter unto us, it is because of the death that dwelleth within us (Roin. V. 12). The Holy Scriptuies can be well likened to a good and well-prepared article of food, which, to a sick person, who hath a distaste for all food and desireth not to partake thereof, is a tasteless and strength- less dish, from which he deriveth not the slightest nourishment ; but if the same be placed before a hungry man and he eat thereof, the apparently lifeless food strengtheneth him materially, and he enjoyeth the life-giving power that God hath imparted to it, by virtue of which he becometh strong for the performance of his natural tasks : Even so is a heart that longeth for the salvation of its soul exceedingly strengthened by an attentive perusal of the divine testimonials in the Holy Scriptures. As, however, the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament are in themselves so glorious, majestic, mighty and perfect, that they need no human praise, likewise are not made more effective by the testimony of man, I am not inclined to burden them with a long pref- ace. That God may himself speak a powerful Ephphatha in all hearts and ears that read this Bible, yea (where possible) in all mankind, is the earnest desire of your faithful friend and welUwisher. Chr. Saur. Germantown, the 8th December, 1763. I I This second issue of the Bible consisted of an edi- tion of two thousand copies. Thirteen years later Mr. Saur was prepared to send out the third edition of the German Bible — that of 1776 — which was also the last. The print- ing of the three thousand copies — the extent of the edition — had been completed, and the leaves had been stitched together and awaited the finishing touches of the binder in applying the covers; but Saur Bible. 47 u- le id the war between the colonies and Great Britain in- terrupted the work. At the invasion of Germantown Mr. Saur fled from the place, and the British troops destroyed nearly all the copies of the Bible, by converting the leaves into litter for their horses, and by using the paper for their cartridges. Catharine Saur, the daughter of the publisher, secured ten copies, and after they were bound presented them to her children. The preface is the same as that of the edition of 1763. It is signed, but not dated. The title-pages are the same, with a similar reduction of the type in the middle of the book. Substantially, the editions of 1763 and 1776 are one and the same. At the battle of Germantown in 1777 Saur fled to Philadelphia, which was then held by British soldiers. As he had not expressed himself as in sympathy with the colonies, he was suspected of being disloyal to the country, and his property was confiscated, and his types, paper, books, printing material, and other possessions were sold under the hammer. The harsh estimate with which he was regarded by many was greatly softened by time, and his opposition to the struggle for independence is supposed to have arisen from his conscientious dislike of war and revolution. Saur died in 1784, leaving five sons and three daughters. His business, though sadly disturbed by i.«.;i:-'.>'t:cjiii.,j*u..>.ij. 48 Early Bibles. the war, descended to his son, Christopher Saur the third. Generations of printers sprang from this stock, and the publishing house in Philadelphia still bearing the name of Saur can point back to an hon- orable record extending over one hundred and fifty years. There were but three issues of the Saur Bibles, but a number of editions of the New Testa- ment in German came from the presses of this family. These publications bear the dates of 1745, 1755, 1760, 1 761, 1763, 1764, 1769, and 1775. The edi- tions of 1 761 and 1764 are extremely rare. O'Cal- laghan does not mention them, and evidently was not aware of their existence. The first Saur Tes- tament of 1745 is an octavo volume of 592 pages. The title-page is printed in red and black, and the text is in double columns. The references are nu- merous. It is without preface. The New Testa- ment of 1755 is also an octavo, but that of 1760 and the five following it are duodecimos. The prices vary according to date and scarcity.' The first edition of the Saur Bible — that of 1743 — is a scarce book, and commands a high price. A copy offered at the Brinley sale a few years ago brought $350. This is the highest price ever paid .or a Saur Bible.^ The editions of 1763 and 1776 are not con- sidered as valuable. A copy of the latter date brought I li Appendix II. 2 Appendix G. ^ The Saur Bible. 49 at the Brinley sale $25. The last issue — that of 1 776 — is usually sold for $10. Nearly all the copies of the Saur Bible are owned in the United State; and Germany.^ No library making a specialty of Amer- icana can be considered complete without possessing this Bible, the first printed in this country in a Euro- pean language. The New Testament in German was published in several places in the United States after the Saur Bible of 1776, but no issue of the entire Bible in German was undertaken for thirty years. Then, in 1805, Gottlob Yungmann published at Reading, Pa., a German Bible in quarto. In typography and general appearance it resembles the Saur Bible, and may be considered a continuation of it, and evidently the publisher so intended it to be. In the preface he says : In this part of the world, which is called the American United States, there appear once more, after a lapse of thirty years, the Holy Scriptures (which are also called the Bible), publicly printed in the High German language, to the honor of the descendants of the old German nation. Whether a Bible in the language mentioned will again make its appearance in these United States, is open to much and great doubt, more especially as the German language is declining in them with such extraordinary rapidity, and is suffering English, as the established and generally used, and, indeed, preferable language, to make astonishing progress. Whether this is to h". ascribed more to the industrious reading of the Holy Scriptures by the English de- Appendix F. V 50 Early Bibles. scentlants in this part of the world, or to something else, whatever it may be, I will not here inquire, but recommend it to every individual German descendant himself, for investigation and alteration. After speaking of the value of the Word of God to " apostate human creatures," he refers to Christopher Saur, and ends by quoting nearly the whole of the preface of the Saur Bible of 1776. This publication by Yungmann never reached a second edition. whatever it individual God to stopher of the lication ..<4 .■■ T M .E HOLY BIBLE,! ( Conteinins the Oto anil Nt«r • ^ T E S t A M E N T S; I "* Newly tranflated out of the Original Tongues; ] And with the former J, n I ■ . I jTRANSLATI ON S t Diligriitly compared- )inmUjM^inr:s,~ 56 Early Bibles. Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Georgia, voted in the affirmative; New York, Delp.ware, Maryland, Virginia, North Caro- lina, and South Carolina in the iiCgative. During the agitation of this subject Mr. Robert Aitken of Philadelphia was encouraged to issue an edition of the New Testament, which appeared from his press in 1777. A copy preserved in the Lenox Library, New York, enables us to see how humble this effort was, for the book is but a small duodecimo. The title-page is as follows : " The New Testament Of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ ; Newly Translated out of the Original Greek; And with the former Translations Diligently compared and revised. Appointed to be read in Churches. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by R. Aitken, Printer and Bookseller, Front Street. 1777- Spcctauiu: age n do.'' These last words form a motto and are placed on a scroll. The letters of the imprint are supported by two children, and the crest is a bird with an olive- branch in its mouth. On the back of the title-page are the words, " The Order of the Books of the New Testament witlv their Names, and the Numbers of their Chapters." The printed matter of the text runs from page 3 to page 353, and there are no head- ings. On the verso of page 353 are these words: The Aitkcn Bible. 57 "Books Printed and Sold at R. Aitken's Printing Office opposite the London Coffee-House Front- Street." Second and third editions of the New Testament appeared in 1778 and 1779, and the fourth in 1781. Encouraged by the reception which had been given the publication of the New Testament, Mr, Aitken announced his purpose of printing an edition of the entire Bible, and in 1 781 presented a petition to Con- gress, seeking support and sanction. His petition was referred to a committee consisting of Messrs. Duane, McKean, and Witherspoon, who on Septem- ber 21, 1782, made the following report: That Mr. Aitkcn has at a great expence now finished an American edition of the iioly Scriptures in I'^nglish ; that the Committee have, from time to time, attended tn liis progress in the work; that they also recommended it to the Two t'haphiins of Congress to examine and give their opinion of the execution, who have accordingly reported thereon, the recommendation and rejiort being as follows : " I'liii.ADKM'HlA, September ist, 1782. " Reverend Genti.emkn : Our knowledge of your piety and pub- lic spirit leads us without ajjology to recommend t(j your particular at- tention the edition of the Holy Scriptures publishing by Mr. Aitken. He undertook this expensive work at a time when from the circum- stances of the War, an English edition of the Bible could not be imported, nor any opinion formed how long the obstruction might continue. On tliis account particularly he deserves applause and en- couragement. We therefore wish you, reverend gentlemen, to ex- amine the execution of tlie work, and if approved to give it the sanction of your judgment and the weight of your recommendation. *>i*.::blnfJ.iiUMntilit-A , I ii§ 58 Early Bibles. " We are, with very great respect, your most obedient humble ser- vants, "(Signed) James Duane, CJiainmin, in behalf of a Committee of Congress, on Mr. Aitken's Memorial. " Reverend Doctor Wiiitk ami ' Reverend Mr. Dukkiei.u, Chap- lains of the United States in Con- gress Assembled." "Hi'ft'it. "Gentlemen: Agreeably to your desire, we have paid attention to Mr. Robert Aitken's impression of the Holy Scriptures, of the old and new testament. Having selected and examined a variety of pas- sages throughout the work, we are of opinion that it is executed with great accuracy as to the sense, and with as few grammatical and typo- graphical errors .is could be expected in an undertaking of such magnitude. Heing ourselves witness of the demand for the invaluable book we rejoice in the present prospect of a supply, hoping that it will prove as advantageous as it is honorable to the gentleman, who has exerted himself to furnish it at the evident risk of his jirivate fortune. " We are, gentlemen, your very respectful and humble servants, "(Signed) \Vii.i.iAM Wiinr, George Dueeield. " Honorable James Diane, Ksquiie, C/iainiiiui, and the other honorable gentlemen of the Com- mittee of Congress on Mr. Aitken's MemoriaL " Puii.AnEi.iMDA, September 10, 1782." ^Vhe^eupon, A'tSi'/rvi/, That the United States in Congress assembled, highly approve the pious anil laudable undertaking of Mr. Aitken, as subser- vient to till interest if religion as well as the progress of the arts in this country, and being satisfied from the above rejiort, of his care and .iccur.iry in the execution of t!ie work, they recommend this edition of the Bible t'> the inhabitants of the I'nited States, and hereliy authorize him to publish this recommendation in the manner he shall think proper. The Ait ken Bible. 59 Mr. Aitken's Bible was issued from his press in Philadelphia in 1 782. It was usually bound in two volumes, though in some cases copies have been found that are bound in one volume. It is in size a small duodecimo, printed in brevier type. The whole page measures 6 inches long by 3^ inches wide. The printed paper is 5^ inches long and 3^ inches wide. The title-page reads: " The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments : Newly translated out of the Original Tongues, And with the former Translations Diligently compared and revised. Philadelphia : Printed and Sold by R. Aitken, at Pope's Head, Three doors above the Coffee House, in Market Street. M.DCC.LXXXII." The title-page also contains the State arms of Pennsylvania, wliich consist of an escutcheon with representations ot ship, plow, and sheaves of wheat. The crest is an eagle, and the supporters, rampant horses. The motto is " Virtue, Liberty, and Inde- pendence." The back of the title-page is blank. Then follow the " Resolutions of Congress," occu- pying one and a half pages. The next half-page contains " Names and Order of all the Books of the O. & N. Test." The Bible throughout has no paging. The New Testament title-page is the same as that of the edition of the previous year, 1781. It reads as follows : 6o Early Bibles. " The New Testament Of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ ; Newly Translated out of the Original Greek • And with the former Translations Diligently compared and revised. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by R. Aitken, Bookseller, opposite the Coflfee- House, Front Street. M.DCC.LXXXI." The title-page also contains a woodcut of a hat and flute. On the back of the same page is this line : " Names and Order of the Books of the N. T." Below, in large letters, are found the initials Was Mr. Aitken's Bible the very first printed in America in the Englisk language ? This question was vigorously discussed for many years, but with the light we now have, it should be considered settled. Mr. Isaiah Thomas, in his " History of Printing in America," when rsferring to the booksellers of Boston, says:^ " Kneeland & Green printed, princi- pally for Daniel Henchman, an edition of the Bible 1 Thomas's " History of Printing," vol. i., pp. 107, io8. The Ait ken Bible. 6i in small 4to. This was the first Bible printed in America in the English language. It was carried through the press as privately as possible, and has the London imprint of the copy from which it was reprinted, — viz., ' London : Printed by Mark Baskett, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty,' — in order to prevent a prosecution from those in England and Scotland, who published the Bible by a patent from the crown, or cum privilcgio, as did the English universities of Oxford and Cambridge. When I was an apprentice, I often heard those who had assisted at the case and press in printing this Bible make mention of the fact. The late Governor Hancock was related to Henchman, and knew the particulars of the transaction. He possessed a copy of this im- pression. As it has a London imprint, at this day it can be distinguished from an English edition of the same date only by those who are acquainted with the niceties of typography. This Bible issued from the press about the time that the partnership of Kneeland & Green expired. The edition was not large ; I have been informed that it did not exceed seven or eight hundred copies." The correctness of this statement has been assailed by Mr. Bancroft, who, in his " Hi-story of the United States,"^ says that Thomas "repeats only what he 1 Bancroft's " History of the United States," vol. v., p. 266. 63 Early Bibles. heard. Himself a collector, he does not nrofess ever to have seen a copy of the alleged American edition of the English Bible. Search has repeatedly been made for a copy and always without success. Six or eight hundred Bibles in quarto could hardly have been printed, bound, and sold in Boston, then a small town, undiscovered. Nor would they all have dis- appeared. The most complete catalogues of English Bibles enumerate no one with the imprint which was said to have been copied. Till a copy of the pre- tended American edition is produced no credit can be given to the second-hand story." As no copy of this supposed Bible has ever been identified, Dr. O'Callaghan omits it from his '* List of Uibles printed in America." Any testimony in the handwriting of Mr. Aitken that his Bible pub- lished in 1 782 was the first Bible printed in America in the English language would be of great value, for he could not make this claim if in his day some other edition had already claimed it. Fortunately, we have this testimony in Mr. Aitken's own words, written with his own hand. In the British Museum there is to be seen a copy of the Aitken Bible in two volumes. The following note is on the back of the title-page of the first volume, in the writing of Mr, Aitken: "This first copy of the first edition of the Bible ever printed in America in the English Ian- The A it ken lUblc. 63 gua^e, is presented to Ebenezar Hazard, Esq., by the Editor." Inserted at the beginning of the second volume is a letter as follows: I'mi.ADEi.PHiA, July 6, 1844. Dear Sir : I send you herewith the copy of the I{il)le jiuhlished in this city in 1782 by Robert Aitivcn, which you may be assured 1 part M ith, with great regret, as well because it was presented iiy tl>e publisher to my father, as becai' t is, according to the certificate on the fly-leaf in Mr, Aitken's o\ landwriting, " the first copy of the first edition ever printed in America in the English language," the first sheets having been carefully laid aside for my father — who was very intimate with the pul)lisher — until the whole work was completed. Yours truly, Sam Hazard. ClIAS. IMarsuai.i., Esq. This lilble was formerly in the collection of Mr. Lea Wilson, and was bought by the British Museum in 1849. The books are in the original binding of olive-green leather. The two volumes are divided at the end of Ecclesiastes, a division peculiar to this set, as in most other copies the second volume begins with the Gospel of St. Matthew. The publication of the Aitken Bible was not a financial success. It had to compete with imported Bibles that could be sold cheaper, because the cost of printing was less. Moreover, the book was a small one, and did not compare with larger Bibles as a specimen of the printer's art. Mr. Aitken seems to have been seriously embarrassed by his undertaking, and had the sympathy of good people, who regretted IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I US 1^ 12.2 ^ U£ 12.0 1.25 1111.4 1 1.6 /. ^:** ■% ^^. (? y.M Photogra{iric Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WfBSTIR.N.Y. MSIO (716)t7!I-4S03 ¥ 64 Early Bibles. the loss to which he was subjected. At a Synod of Presbyterians, held in Philadelphia on the 24th of May, 1 783, it was " Resolved, As Mr. Aitken, from laudable motives, and with great expense, hath un- dertaken and executed an elegant impression of the Holy Scriptures, which, on account of the importa- tion of Bibles from England, will be very injurious to his temporal circumstances, the Synod agree that the committee to purchase Bibles for distribution among the poor purchase Aitken's Bible and no other, and earnestly recommend it to all to purchase such in preference to any other." In 1789 Mr. Aitken sent a memorial to Congress asking for " a Patent, author- izing him, his heirs and assigns, exclusively, to print the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, for the term of fourteen years, within the United States." This was not granted him. In this me- » morial he states that in the publication of his Bible he had lost " more than three thousand pounds in specie." The Aitken Bible is now the rarest of all early Bibles printed in America. It can be safely said that at the outside there are not more than fifty copies in existence, and the number actually located falls below this statement. The list of owners is a very short one.^ It is only about once in a genera- Appendix I. The Aitken Bible. 65 tion that a copy is offered for sale, and consequently it commands a high price. In the Baker sale at Philadelphia, February 12, 1891, there was an Aitken Bible in two volumes that brought $650, and was purchased for the Library of Congress. Aitken had presented the books to his daughter. This sum of $650 is the largest known to have been paid for this Bible of 1782.^ Mrs. Mary A. Bradbury of German- town, Pa., who is a great-granddaughter of the pub- lisher, has two copies of the Aitken Bible. Mr. William Y. McAllister of Philadelphia has another copy, which was given his father in 1838 by Mrs. Campbell, the daughter of Robert Aitken. Hon. George F. Hoar of Worcester, Mass., has an Aitken Bible which was originally the property of Roger Sherman. It contains the autograph of this colonial hero and the date " 1783." Senator Hoar writes of his grandfather : " It was his custom when he went to Congress every year to buy a new Bible, and bring it home and give it to one of his children at the end of the session." The editions of the New Testament by Aitken are now rare books, especially those of 1777, 1778, and 1 781. The one printed in 1779 was a school edi- tion. They differ somewhat in the wording of the title-pages, and some of them were paged and 1 Appendix J. 66 Early Bibles. others were not. These books command generous prices.^ The new Testament of 1781 is especially sought for, as this edition was bound with the Old Testa- ment, and is valuable for replacing torn or defective copies. Of the copies of the Aitken Bible in existence but few of them are in a perfect condition. Most of them are more or less defective from excessive use or abuse. In some cases the general title-page is gone or portions of the text, and only a limited number have the resolutions of Congress. This difference in condition accounts for the wide range of prices paid for the books. The publisher of the Bible of 1782 had to en- counter many difficulties in printing the book, on account of the disordered condition of the coun- try in time of war. Another has said that " Mr. Aitken, in the midst of his work, was obliged, upon one occasion, to remove his type and materials hastily out of the city, and bury them under a barn, in order to save them from destruction by the British soldiers." But failure was not in Aitken's composi- tion. A writer in Freeman's Journal, published in Philadelphia in 1781, says: " Under all these disad- vantages, a complete, an accurate, and elegant edition Appendix K. The A it ken Bible. 67 of the Bible was published in this very city, in four years from the time of the evacuation by the British. The very paper that has received the impression of these sacred books was manufactured in Pennsyl- vania ; the whole work is, therefore, purely Ameri- can, and has risen, like the fabled Phoenix, from the ashes of that pile in which our enemies supposed they had consumed the liberties of America." Robert Aitken was a native of Dalkeith, Scotland, and emigrated to America in 1769, and settled at Philadelphia as a bookseller. In 1771 he added bookbinding to his business, having learned that art in Edinburgh. Later, in 1774, he became a pub- lisher. The Aitken Bible should animate the interest of Americans, inasmuch as it was the first Bible printed in the English language in America, and also be- cause of the association of Congress with it. It is a part of our national history, for which we should be grateful, because it sets forth the fact that the founders of this Republic were men who were not ashamed of the revealed Truth. The term " Bible Congress," applied to our law-makers in that day, whether intended in derision or otherwise, was an epithet of honor. Whatever in power, progress, and grandeur we have attained as a nation, we owe largely to the respect and reverence which our fathers paid to the precious Word of God. THE FIRST DOUAY VERSION. The first quarto edition of the Bible in English printed in America was publislied in Philadelphia in 1790. It was the Douay version made from the Latin Vulgate. The work was undertaken by Mathew Carey, who had for political reasons come to this country. Mr. Frazer Kirkland writes : 1 " After passing through many striking experiences as a politician and journalist abroad, Mathew Carey landed in Phil- adelphia on the 1st of November, 1784; and, while he was yet contemplating a removal to the country, until sufficient funds should be received from the sale of his newspaper in Dublin — which place he found it prudent to leave, in view of the government prose- cution for libel which hung like a drawn sword over his head — to enable him to engage in business, the Marquis de Lafayette, having heard of his arrival, desired that he should call upon him. The Marquis, 1 "Cyclopaedia of Commercial. and Business Anecdotes," vol. ii., P- 459- 68 ^ ' T It E O L Y B I B [ .TRANSLATED FROM TME ^ LATIN V U L E, L G A T E; DUIOENTLY COMPARED WITH THE HEBREW, GREEK, AND OTHER EDITIONS, . JN DIVERS LANGUAGES; AND FIRST PUBLISHED BY THE ENGLISH COLLEGE AT DOWAY. ANNO ,60,. V "HWLV REVISED. ANn CORRECTED, ACCORDIKC TO THE CLEMENTINE EDITION OF THE SCRIPTURES. U'.TH ANNOTATIONS rOR ELUCIDATING THE PRINCIPAL DIFFICUT Ttpc ^r- r - j^jrr icuLTIES OF HOLY WRIT. ' H^urictis aquas ingaudio de fontibus Sal- vatoris. I/iiae xii. 3. PHILADELfHIJ, I ''RENTED AND SOLD BY CAREY, STEWART, AND Co. M.DCC.XC. Fac-simile of the title page of the first Douay Bible published in America. Reduced size. The First Douay Version. 69 previously aware of the persecutions he had suffered, and admiring his noble spirit, made inquiries of him as to his future plans and prospects. On stating that it was his intention, at as early a day as possible, to establish a newspaper, Lafayette entered fully into the project, and promised him such influence as he could command with Robert Morris, Thomas Fitz- simmons, and other leading men in that region. On the following morning Mr. Carey was surprised at receiving a letter from Lafayette, containing the sum of four hundred dollars. This was the more remark- able from his not having said a word about desir- ing to borrow, or in any way to receive money from the Marquis, no such thought having entered his mind. This sum of money — the fabric upon which it may be said Mr. Carey built his fortune, first as a journalist and then as a printer and bookseller — he considered it a solemn duty to repay, in assist- ing Frenchmen in distress ; wiiit h he did, fully and amply. While it was not the desire of Lafayette that it should be regarded in the light of a loan, but as a free gift, Mr. Carey in after years consigned to him an invoice of tobacco, besides on his arrival in New York, in 1824, repaying him the entire amount." On the 26th of January, 1 789, Mr. Carey issued proposals for publishing a Douay Version of the Bible. The conditions of subscription were : 70 Early Bibles. 1. This Edition will follow verbatim the Translation executed at Doway. 2. It will be printed in large Quarto on the same kind of Type, as fine Paper, and with the same number of Pages as in the Oxford Edition of the Bible. 3. The price to Subscribers will be Six Spanish Milled Dollars ; one half to be paid at the time of Subscribing ; the other on the de- livery of the Book neatly bound. 4. As soon as 400 copies are Subscribed for, it will be put to press and completed without delay. 5. The Subscribers' names will be prefixed as Patrons of the Work. It was proposed to issue the book in forty-eight weekly numbers. It was to be in one volume of 984 pages. Only about three of the numbers were delivered, when certain changes were made. The plan of issuing the Bible in numbers was given up, and it was announced that it would be published in two volumes. The firm was also changed to Carey, Stewart & Co. As an inducement, it was stated that if the number of subscribers could be enlarged the price would be reduced. At the head of the subscribers stood the name of Rt. Rev. John Carroll of Baltimore. The new firm made an appeal not only to the Roman Catholics of the United States, but to other bodies of Christians. The latter appeal is here quoted in full. It is addressed " To the Protestants in the United States." Ladies and Gentlemen : We venture with some degree of con- fidence to solicit your patronage as well as that of the Roman Catho- lics for the first edition of the Douay translation of the Vulgate Bible. The First Douay Version. 71 Many of the most learned Protestant divines have produced weighty objections to particular passages in the Common Church of England translations of the Scriptures. That there are various important errors in it, is too well known to admit of controversy. The frequent dbmands for a new translation bear the strongest testimony to the truth of this observation ; it is therefore worthy the attention of every candid Protestant to consider whether a comparison of the present translation with his own would not enable him to detect most, if not all of them — and thus to remove from his mind those doubts and difficulties which are fatal to true religion. Liberal-minded Protestants who glory in the influence of the benign sun of toleration will probably be happy in an opportunity of uniting their names with tliosc of the Roman Catholics who have supported this work — and thus evincing that they arc superior to that wretched, that contemptible prejudice which confines its benevolence within the narrow pale of one religious denomination, as is the case with bigots of every persuasion. From persons of the latter class we expect no patronage. To encourage a Popish Bible would in their eyes be an heinous oflfence. But we fondly hope, that there are few of this de- scription here — that persons of the former character abound — and that our subscription list, by uniting together the names of members of various and hitherto hostile denominations of Christians, will afford one proof — among many that might be produced — of the rapid ad- vances that America has made in the divine principle of toleration. We are the public's devoted servants, Carey, Stewart & Co. Philadelphia, Sept. 24, 1790. Toward the close of the year in which this ap- peal was issued the Douay Bible appeared; that is, December i , 1 790. The two volumes were bound in one. The type that was used was made especially for it, and was cast by the firm of Baine & Co. of Philadelphia. The books of third and fourth Mac- cabees, the third and fourth of Esdras, and the 73 Early Bibles. Prayer of Manasses, are omitted on the ground that " they have never been received by the Church." The title-page : " The Holy Bible, translated from the Latin Vulgate: Diligently compared with the Hebrew, Greek, and other Editions, in divers lan- guages ; And first published by the English College at Doway,' Anno 1609. Newly revised, and corrected according to the Clementine edition of the Scrip- tures. With Annotations for elucidating the princi- pal difficulties of Holy Writ. Haurietis aquas in gaudio dc fontihus Salvatoris. Isaiae xii. 3. Phila- delphia: Printed and Sold by Carey, Stewart and Co. M.DCC.XC." The annotations are printed at the bottom of the pages. The list of subscribers is given, and extends from page 5 to 8. The New Testament has no title- page. The end of the volume is supplied with various tables ; namely, " Table of References," " Chronological Table," " Order and Distribution of the Psalms," and a " Table of the Epistles and Gospels." The Douay Bible of 1 790 is becoming a rare book, and even in Philadelphia only a few copies are pre- served. A copy in good condition is worth fifty dollars. I This word is usually spelled " Douay," or " Douai," but the above spelling occurs on the title-pages of early American Bibles. t \ The First Douay Version. 73 Mr. Carey published not only editions of the Bible after the Latin Vulgate, but many quarto and duo- decimo Bibles according to the King James transla- tion. In the early days of his publishing career his work was attended with numerous risks and respon- sibilities. In the preface to his Bible of 1801, he says : I present this edition of the Dible to the public, with a degree of solicitude proportioned to the magnitude of the undertaking. Having embarked therein a large property, and devoted my utmost care and attention to it, from its commencement to its completion, I find it im- possible to assume that degree of stoicism necessary to regard with indifference its reception by my fellow-citizens. As the years rolled on his business prospered, and ultimately assumed extensive proportions. Bible after Bible issued from his presses, and many of the editions were embellished with engravings executed in the best style of the day. Mr. Carey died in 1839. His business was continued by his son and a partner under the name of Carey & Lea. It was changed in 1846 to Lea & Blanchard. This exten- sive publishing house is now known as Lea Broth- ers & Co. mmmmLMtmim, m ■■■i! :i : !! THE THOMAS BIBLE. The first fo/w Bible and also the first royal quarto Bible /■// English published in America came from the press of Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Mass. The history of this publisher was that of a poor boy, starting in life with few advantages and a scanty education, but, by dint of industry, perseverance, and self-education, advancing step by step until he be- came one of the foremost citizens of the land. At six years of age young Thomas was apprenticed to Zechariah Fowle, a printer of Boston. The occu- pation was congenial to the lad, and he followed his calling through many years with enthusiasm. At eighteen years of age he left his employer, and worked at printing in Nova Scotia, New Hampshire, and South Carolina. In 1770 he returned to Boston, and, in partnership with his former master, started a newspaper known as the Massachusetts Spy. Three months later he became the sole proprietor of the paper, which he edited with ability and success. From a humble beginning with a few subscribers it '/4 "swn? CONTAIN-INO THE O L D AND N E W ^ P OCR r P H ^ TRANSLATED " ■• -''^''C'/ '''' AND With the toiriMii TxAHtLATiONt dUicmtly coMrAKiD and KEvisED, By the fpeci^ Command of King James I, oi England, W I T H A N I N D E X VOL. I. I PRINTED AT THE PRESS is ll'O s:c EST R R. MASSACHUSETTS, i I . B V IS A I A H T H O M A S. ' " - SoldbyhiminOBotwactl and by him M Comp.ny. .. F .fsV. S„t»,;. No. ^j. Ni»..ty Stmx, goOon." MDCCXCI. Fac-siiuilo of the title page of the folio Bible published at Worcester by Isaiah Thomas ill 1791. Uvduced size. The Thomas Bible. n grew to the largest circulation of any paper in Bos- ton, and its influence was known and felt throughout the land. It had to take part in the conflict which was then raging between Great Britain and the colonies. At first it was independent; but later Thomas threw all his sympathies, energies, and influ- ence into the cause of the colonies. Just before the battle of Lexington the type and presses of the Spy were removed by night from Boston and taken to Worcester. There the publication of the paper was resumed, and the Provincial Government assisted Mr. Thomas by giving him the public printing. Worcester became the scene of his greatest activities ; for he engaged in printing, publishing, manufac- turing, and editing. Paper for his publications was made in a mill that he operated, and he also did his own binding. He entered largely into the importa- tion of books, and at one time had nine book-stores in diflferent cities. In 1786 he imported type for the printing of music, which was the first font of this kind to come to America. He did an extensive business in Boston under the firm name of Thomas & Andrews. In 1 791 Mr. Thomas published two editions of the Bible at Worcester, the one in folio and the other in royal quarto. A Prospectus was issued for the quarto, which was worded as follows : 1^ Early Bibles. Large Family Bible. Search the Scriptures for therein are contained the Words of Eternal Life! — They have God for their Author! Sal- vation for their End! — And Truth unmixed with Error for their Matter. Proposal of Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Massachusetts, for Print- ing and Publishing by Subscription, an American Edition, in Large Royal Quarto, (Ornamented with an Elegant Copperplate Frontis- piece) of the Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, with the Apocrypha, an Index, Marginal Notes and References. Conditions. I. It shall be printed with elegant new Types, already made and completed, particularly for the purpose — types large, beautiful, and suited for the accommodation of the eyes of all, especially those of the aged end infirm. See the Specimen annexed. II. The Paper shall be fully equal in goodness, if not of a superior quality, to the (English) Cambridge, Oxford, or London, Royal Quarto Edition. III. The Price to Subscribers, handsomely bound, shall be only Sroen Dollars, although the English Editions of the same size, and of an inferior quality, are sold for eight and nine Dollars. IV. To make payment easy to those who wish to be encouragers of this laudable undertaking, and to be in possession of so valuable property as a Royal Quarto Bible, and who are not able to pay for one all in Cash — from such the Publisher will receive f^ie half of the sum, or tiuenty one shillings, in the following articles, viz. Wheat, Rye, Indian Corn, Butter, or Pork, if delivered at his store in Worces- ter, or at the store of himself and Company in Boston, by the 20th day of December, 1790, the remaining sum of twenty one shillings, to be paid in Cash, as soon as the books are ready for delivery. — This proposal is made, to accommodate all, notwithstanding the sum of twenty one shillings will by no means be the proportion of Cash that each Bible bound, will cost the Publisher. V. The work will be committed to the Press as soon as a sufficient number of Bibles are subscribed for, barely to defray half the expense The Thomas Bible. 77 of the undertaking. Notice will be given in the Newspapers, when the Bible will be put to the Press, on or before the first day of June next, and the time when it will be completed will then be mentioned. EP^ The Booksellers in the United States, who subscribe for twelve or more copies in sheets, shall have them on full as generous terms as the Booksellers in England are supplied with English Editions. To the Reverend Clergy. The assistance of the Reverend Clergy, of all persuasions, in this and the neighbouring States, is earnestly requested, to forward and complete so large, important and expensive an undertaking — The weight now rests entirely on the publisher of this proposal, who has already expended a very large sum for types, and other matters pre- paratory for the business ; but he doubts not, should he be speedily favoured by having a generous number of Bibles subscribed for, to complete the work to the satisfaction of the Publick. In order in some measure to recompense the Reverend Clergy, and all, whose piety, goodness of heart, and regard for the manufactures of their country, may induce them to help forward so great and useful an undertaking as the one now proposed, all who subscribe for twelve copies, or procure twelve copies to be subscribed for, and will be answerable, and make payment for them, agreeably to this proposal, shall be entitled to, and receive a thirteenth copy, handsomely bound, for their trouble. To Christians of Every Denomination. At a time when all descriptions of men are united to promote the political welfare of our country, by the encouragement of Agriculture and all the Arts and Sciences, printing the Bible, that sacred Book which has a nobler object — the supreme and ultimate happiness of man — cannot be thought unimportant, or uninteresting, especially as it tends to promote that Morality without which Industry, Arts and Sciences are vain. The Proposal, therefore, to publish a large quarto Bible, must be pleasing to all, more especially to the Christian citizen, to whom nothing need be said as a stimulus for him to promote the good work by subscribing for one or more copies, but his being as- 78 Early Bibles. sured that due care shall be taken to have it correct and well executed — that this shall be the case, no labor or cost, within the subscriber's reach, will be wanting ; for it is his ambkion, should he proceed with the work, to have it completed in such a manner as shall disgrace neither himself nor his country. It cannot be presumed that anything need be said to recommend the Bible, that ground work of our holy Religion, to any class of citizens whatever — if there should, nothing new can be given on the subject — we must republish the ideas of those who have gone before us. — Books are addressed to the Judgment or the Imagination — intended to touch the Passions, or please the Fancy. — The Holy Bible ad- dresses the Soul, directs to the paths of peace and happiness here, and brings to view a beautiful prospect of an hereafter — in its pages may be viewed, with awful surprise, the great and glorious works of Creation — and with pleasing admiration may be seen the Rise and Fall of Empires — the Revolutions of Kingdoms and States — the various Vicissitudes of Life in all stations — the Depravity of Human Nature, when Man is forsaken by his God — the easy transitions from Innocence to Guilt, from Virtue to Vice — the Policy of Courts, and Simplicity of Cottages — the Rage of Lust — Folly of Pride — Fate of Tyranny, and Madness of Ambition. — Here may be found Patterns for all who wish to practice the Christian and Moral Duties. St. Gregory says. " Fi im the Patriarchs we may take the model of all virtues — Ab ;1 teaches us Innocence — Enoch, Purity of Heart — Noah, a firm Per severance in Righteousness — Abraham, the Perfection of Piety an 1 Faithfulness — Joseph, Chastity — ^Jacob, Constancy in Labour — Mo.-es, M.ekness — and Job, Invincible Patience. — Salva- tion, the most glorious prize that man can obtain, may be perused with pleasure, and it may with ease be acquired, if Piety is the guide, and Faith the intercessor — the mercy of God is greater than our de- linquency, and happiness eternal within our reach, if we suppress the gratification of our passions to seek it : Read, therefore, and be in- formed — look for, and find." To the Publkk at large. ,* As it is presumed that every denomination of Christians will be pleased with the intention of the proposer, so he rests assured that all The Thomas Bible. 79 will cheerfully contribute in aiding him to carry on and complete this first American Edition of a Royal Quarto Bible. He begs permission to subscribe himself. With the greatest respect, &c. Isaiah Thomas. Worcester, November, 1789. ^T All who may have Subscription Papers, are requested to return them by the first day of May next, to the Publisher, in Worcester, or to the Bookstore of himself and Company in Boston. The two editions of the Thomas Bible appeared in December, 1791. In the Massachusetts Spy of December 15, 1791, appeared an advertisement which reads: "The Royal Quarto Bible (and the only one of so large a typed Quarto ever attempted in America) is this day completed from the Press of the undersigned." In the same paper of the same date we find the following : " Folio Bible. The first volume of this large work is this day completed and will be put in boards with all speed. Subscribers may be supplied with this volume at the book-store of the publisher in Worcester fourteen days from this date. The second volume is in great forwardness; both the letter press and plate are nearly completed." The title-page of the folio reads : " The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Tes- taments: With the Apocrypha. Translated Out of the Original Tongues, and with the formerTranslations 8o Early Bibles. diligently Compared and Revised, By the Special Com- mand of King James I, of England. With an Index. Appointed to be read in Churches. Vol. I. United States of America. Printed at the Press in Worcester, Massachusetts, By Isaiah Thomas. Sold by him in Worcester; and by him and Company at Faust's Statue, No. 45, Newbury Street, Boston. M.DCC.XCI." The text extends from Genesis to end of Proverbs, from page 5 to page 460, which closes the first vol- ume. The second begins with Ecclesiastes. The New Testament title-page reads : "The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, Translated Out of the Original Greek, and with the former Translations diligently com- pared and revised. By the Special Command of King James I, of England, Together with an Index to the Holy Bible. Appointed to be read in Churches." The second volume ends with " Tables of Weights, Measures, Coins, &c.," " Tables of Time, Offices, and Conditions," and "Table of Kindred." The two volumes cover 1012 pages of printed matter. The Thomas Bible is illustrated with fifty copper-plate engravings, which doubtless gave it additional value in the eyes of many. The frontispiece of the first volume illustrates the Triumph of the Gospel through- out the world. The frontispiece to the Apocrypha is an emblematical representation of the Old and New The Thomas Bible 8l ia kv Dispensations. The fifty copper-plates were exe- cuted by four artists and are signed. There are three woodcuts: one before the Book of Genesis, representing Adam and Eve ; a second before the Apocrypha, of Judith and Holofernes; and the third before the New Testament, of the Crucifixion. This edition was usually bound in two volumes, though it is occasionally seen in one. The general title-page of the royal quarto Bible is worded the same way as the folio, with the addition of these words : " With Marginal Notes and References. To which are added, an Index, and an Alphabetical Table Of all the Names in the Old and New Testaments, with their Significations." It differs in the body of the work from the folio in having parallel lines dividing the columns of the text. It lacks the three woodcuts found in the other edition, and, as the title-page indicates, has notes, references, and index. Some copies were supplied with a Concordance. According to the publisher's announcement, it could be supplied to subscribers in three forms. The first was with forty- eight copper- plates and Concordance ; the second, without plates or Concordance; and the third, with the Concord- ance. The book was published in two volumes. The two Thomas Bibles of 1791 were without 82 Early Bibles. doubt far in advance of any other publications of the same kind that had appeared in America in point of typography, excellence of paper, binding, and general execution. Benjamin Franklin, an expert in printing, paid a high compliment to Thomas when he said, " He is the Baskerville of America." The Thomas Bibles appeared fifteen years after the Declaration of Independence. What the pub- lisher in the quarto and folio says in the address " To Christians of every Denomination " of the pros- pects and hopes of the young Republic is worth reading. He writes: The general state of our Country must afford satisfaction to every benevolent mind. — Evidences of its increasing prosperity present themselves on every side to our view. — Abroad, our national character is rising to dignity and eminence — at home, confidence is established in our Government, the spirit of patriotism appears to be the actuat- ing principle with the distinguished characters of our age, and the greatest exertions are making for the Publick Good. The civil and religious Rights of Men are generally understood, and are by all enjoyed. The Sciences, which open to the minds of men a view of the works and ways of God — and the Arts, which tend to the support, the convenience, and the ornament of Society, begin to receive proper encouragement from the administration of the Gen- eral and State Governments ; and, by the application and enterprise of Individuals, are approaching to excellence and perfection. Tlie means of a good education are daily becoming more general, and the present spirit of industry and economy, which pervades all classes of men, furnishes the brightest prospects of future prosperity and welfare. While a general solicitude prevails to encourage the Arts, and to promote national honour, dignity and happiness. Can any be indiifer- The Thomas Bible. 83 ent to those improvements which are necessary to secure to all the free and independent exercise of the Rights of Conscience? — The civil authority hath set an example of moderation and candor to all Christians, by securing equal privileges to all ; and it must be their ardent and united wish, independently of foreign aid, to be supplied with copies of the sacred Scriptures, the foundation of their Religion — a religion which furnishes motives to the faithful performance of every patriotick, civil and social duty, superior to the temptations of ambition, avarice and selfishness ; — which opens prospects to the human mind that will be realized when the relation to civil govern- ment shall be dissolved, and which will raise its real disciples to their highest glory and happiness when the monuments of human genius, art and enterprise, shall be lost in the general dissolution of nature. The Editor, desirous to assist in the improvement of the most use- ful of all Arts, has carried through his Press tioo editions of the Holy Uible — (this Folio, illustrated with fifty Copperplate Engravings of Scripture History, and one in Royal Quarto). — No cost, care or labour hath he spared to render these Editions correct, neat and ele> gant. He thinks he may venture to assure you that, in respect to Correctness, no copies of the Bible, now extant, have had more atten- tion paid to them. The Editor furnished himself with nearly thirty copies, printed at different times and places — from these he selected the most correct, by which to revise the whole of this work. — The Marginal Notes and References to the Quarto Edition were all pre- viously examined and compared with the Text by the Minister of Hol- den. — Every sheet of the Text, before its commitment to the Press, was carefully examined by the Clergymen of Worcester, and by other capable persons — and compared by not less than eight diflferent Copies — six of them the most correct British Modern Editions from the Presses of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and two of them Ancient British Copies of the present translation — one printed in London, 1626, by Benhatn Norton and John Bill, only sixteen years after the first publication of this translation — the other at the Univer- sity Press at Cambridge in 1637. — The Editor had also among his collection of Bibles, the celebrated Bishop Cranmer's, by supposition the first complete translation of the Bible into English, printed at London in the Reign of Henry VIII, 1540 — a British translation sup- 84 Early Bibles. posed to have Iteen made in the Kei(;n of Queen KUzal)eth, and at a subitequent period revised by the most learned of the Bishops — and also the one in (general use immediately preceding the translation of King James. — In instances in which the copies of the translation now in use differed, these most ancient English Editions helped to deter- mine which was the most correct ; and no other use was made of them. — All the above mentioned copies have occasionally been referred to— and in case of difference, the preference has been given to the most ancient British copies of the present translation, when there was good evidence that these were correct. Though many difficulties impeded this work in the press, yet both Editions were executed in a little more than twelve months, solely at the expense of the Editor. — How far he has succeeded in his endeav- our, you will judge by a comparison of his copies with those printed in Europe of the quality which his are done to imitate. If on inspection, the execution of the work should be satisfactory, he flatters himself that he may rely on all the Friends of Revelation and on all the Pa- trons of the Arts, to succeed his endeavours, and reward his exertions, by giving his Editions a preference to those imported from abroad. . With esteem and respect, your obedient, and very humble Servant, ISAIAH THOMAS. Worcester, Massachusetts, December, 1 791. Preceding the Address of the Translators are the following paragraphs : VARIOUS English Translations of the Bible were extant at the close uf the sixteenth century : In some of them the Old Testament was made from the Septuagint, (that is, from a Greek translation of the Hebrew executed by order of Ptolemy Philadelphus, 284 years be. fore the Christian ^ra) in others, immediately from the Hebrew Text, except a few passages which were rendered from the Septuagint — and in others, both the Old and New Testament were made from the Latin of the Vulgate. These translations in several instances differed from each other, which induced King James I, to select fifty four men, emi- nent for their piety and learning, and particularly skilled in the origi- The Thomas Bible. «$ nal inguagcs of th« Scriptures, tu make an entire new translation of the Hilile — the Did Testameiit from the original Hebrew Text, and the New from the original Greek. Forty >ieven of these eminent men commenced the important business in the beginning of the year 1607. —They arranged themselves into se|>arate classes, and to expedite the work, each class took a separate portion of the Itihle. After three Years close application, the several classes had completed the parts assigned them. — The whole number then assembled in a body, and critically compared the copies of each class with the original, and w ith other translations — and no sentence was fmally accepted till, in the general opinion, it expressed the sense of the inspired original : Nearly another year, it is said, was spent in this business : And in the Year 161 1, this translation was by Authority first published. As it was executed by the order, and at the expense of the Crown, the Copyright became the property of the King, whose it has ever since continued. This is universally acknowledged to he the most correct English translation of the Bible that has yet been published to the World — and it is generally used in Churches and private Families throughout Greatbritain and America. With their copy the Translators presented to King James the fol- lowing ADDRESS which has ever since been prefixed to all British Editions of the Holy Scriptures, viz ; ot be. ;xt, ind itin om mi- igi- An octavo edition of the Bible was published by Mr. Thomas in 1793 with this title-page: " The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments : Together with the Apocrypha, Trans- lated out of the Original Tongues and with the Former Translations diligently Compared and Re- vised, by the Special Command of King James I. of England. United States of America. Printed in Worcester, Massachusetts, By Isaiah Thomas. Sold by him in Worcester. Sold also by said Thomas •:tbHJM^^-MJiu:t 86 Early Bibles. and Andrews at Faust's Statue, No. 45, Newbury Street, Boston ; and by said Thomas and Co. in \^alpole, Newhampshire. MDCCXciil. This edition claims to be " carefully copied from the Folio and Quarto " Bibles which had preceded it. Some of the copies were published without the Apocrypha. Another octavo edition was issued in 1802, but in title-page and arrangement of contents it differs from that of 1 793. In 1797 the same publisher issued his Common School Bible, known as "Thomas's Standing i2mo Edition." The title-page is worth quoting: " The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments : Translated out of the Original Tongues, and with the former Translations diligently Com- pared and Revised by the Special Command of King James I, of England. Gen. 11: 7 in Hebrew. United States of Columbia. Printed at Worcester, Massa- chusetts, By Isaiah Thomas. Sold by him in Worces- ter by Wholesale, Bound or in Sheets. Sold also by said Thomas and Andrews in Boston, and by the Book- sellers in the United States of Columbia." 1797. The same book reappeared with fresh dates in 1 798 and 1 799. In eacii case the title-page con- tained the line " United States of Columbia." The successors of the publisher issued the i2mo edition with differently worded title-pages through many years. • l\ The Thomas Bible. 87 In le In I V y In 1802 Mr. Thomas retired from active business and left his printing and publishing interests in the hands of his son. The remainder of his life was de- voted mainly to literary pursuits and to collecting a library. There was published in 18 10 his " History of Printing in America," in two volumes. It is a carefully prepared work, and preserves many inter- esting facts that marked the early history of this land. In 181 2 he and a few others founded the American Antiquarian Society of Worcester. He was elected president, and continued to be reelected each year until his death. He donated eight thou- sand books to the library of the society, and gave ten thousand dollars to building a hall. His entire benefactions in this one direction reached fifty thou- sand dollars. As a recognition of his services to his country, and his advancement of literature, the de- gree of M.A. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth College and that of LL.D. by Allegheny College. The biographer of the eminent publisher says that when Washington visited Worcester in 1 789 he said to a nephew of Mr. Thomas : " Young man, your uncle has set you a bright example of patriotism ; and never forget that, next to our God, we owe our highest duty to our country."^ The American Antiquarian Society, which was the object of so much interest to Dr. Thomas, has be- 1 B. F. Thomas's " Memoir of Isaiah Thomas," p. 78. 88 Early Bibles. come one of the strongest institutions of the land. It has a new building with a library of ninety thou- sand volumes, containing the noted Mather collec- tion, and other Americana. The society has a full set of the Thomas publi- cations elegantly bound, and containing the library plate of the eminent editor and publisher. Harv^ard University has a copy of the folio Bible, which was presented by the printer. It contains in front a printed slip in an ornamented border, reading, " This Book, being one of the First edition of the Folio Bible printed in America, is the gift of the printer, Isaiah Thomas, to Harvard College." The Thomas Bibles are not rare, and copies are found in nearly all of our older libraries. 1 1 iibI 1 III IB 1 Kipl ■ THE HOLY BIBLE, C K T A I N I N T H E 1 ■ O L D AND NEW I 1 E S T A M E N T S: T R j\ N S L A T E D V T O'l- THE' ORIGINAL lONGUES: ■ ' ■ ! A N D W I T H T U E F O R M E R T RANSLATIONS Diligently compared and revifcd. ■ ■ T R Ji N T O N: ^ i' R I N T £ D AND SOLD BY 1 S A A C C L L I N S. ?- M. D C C. X C 1. . , ' Fac-siuiile of the title page of the quarto Bible printed by Isaac Collins at Trenton iu 1791. Ueduced size. THE COLLINS BIBLE. I The first Bible printed in the State of New Jersey came from the press of Isaac Collins at Trenton. He was born in New Castle County, Del, Febru- ary 1 6, 1746. He learned the printing trade, part of the time with James Adams of Wilmington, Del., and completed it at Williamsburg, Va., in the office of William Rind. When he was of age he went in 1 766 to Philadelphia and worked with William God- dard and other firms, and was regarded as an expert and superior workman. He removed to Burlington, N. J., in 1770, when his business ability secured him the position of public printer to George HL for the Province of New Jersey. In 1777 he became editor of a weekly paper known as the Nezv Jersey Gazette. It was said of him that " he carefully avoided pub- lishing anything which tended to injure the religious, civil, or political interests of his fellow-citizens." He for twenty-six years published the " New Jer- sey Almanack," the first number appearing in 1771. He also printed several books, among which were 89 90 Early Bibles. the " Laws of New Jersey," Ramsey's " History of South Carolina," Sewell's " History of the Quakers," and Baxter's " Saint's Rest." From Burlington Mr. Collins removed his business to Trenton, where in 1788 he pubHshed an edition of the New Testament. It is an octavo in size, and without preface and pagination. In 1 789 a proposal was issued for the publication of a quarto Bible. The document reads as follows : Proposals for publishing by Subscriptions, by Isaac Collins in Tren- ton, The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments ; with the Apocrypha and Marginal Notes. Conditions. I. This Work, to be contained in one large volume, quarto, of nine hundred and eighty-four pages, will be reprinted, page for page, with the Oxford edition on a beautiful new type and good paper. An Index and a Concordance will be added ; and also the Scripture mea- sures, weights, and coins. II. The price to Subscribers for the ^'olume, well bound, Four Spanish Dollars ; One Dollar to be paid at the time of subscribing, the remainder on the delivery of the book. III. The Work lo be put to press as soon as three thousand copies shall be subscribed for and to be finished without delay. The undertaking received the indorsement of the Governor of New Jersey in these words : To all whom it may concaii : Mr. Isaac Collins has for many years last past, been and still is, Printer to the State of New Jersey : Having by this means had the more frequent opportunities to see his Work, ' tiav- had abundant The Collins Bible. 91 proof of the accuracy and correctness of his publications, as well as of his remarkable attention to business. WiL. Livingston. Trenton, nth Sept. 1788. Mr. Collins presented his proposals to the various bodies of Christians, and solicited their encourage- ment and support. The first to take action were the Friends. The minutes of a meeting held in Phila- delphia on March 19, 1789, show that the proposed Bible was indorsed in these words : This undertaking being a matter of very interesting concernment, and such an edition as therein proposed appearing likely to be useful and much wanted, on a deliberate and weighty attention to these con- siderations, it is the united sense of the meeting, that it be recom- mended to the quarterly and monthly meetings of Friends to encour- age the work, by appointing committees to procure subscriptions agreeably to the tenor of said proposals, and forwarding to this meet- ing lists of the subscriptions obtained as early as may be, in order that a suitable appointment may be made for the assistance of the printer in attending to the correctness, of the work. At a meeting of the Presbyterian General As- sembly, held in Philadelphia, May 25, 1789, a reso- lution was passed " that a person or persons be ap- pointed in every congregation, vacant or supplied, to procure subscriptions " for Collins's Bible. The minutes in addition read : The General Assembly also confirm the appointment made by the Synod of New York and New Jersey, that Dr. John Witherspoon, Dr. Samuel S. Smith, and Mr. James F. Armstrong be a Committee to confer with any such Committee as may be appointed, whether 92 Early Bibles. from any other denomination, or from any other Synod of our denom- 1 ination, to revise and correct the proof sheets, and, if necessary, to fix upon the most correct edition of the Scriptures to be recommended to the printer from which to make his impression, and that the said Committee be ordered to agree with the printer, that Ostervald's Notes, if not inconsistent with the views of other denominations of Christians engaged in this undertaking, be printed with it, in such a manner as may best promote the publication. The General Assembly, , desirous to spread the knowledge of eternal life contained in Holy Scriptures, earnestly recommend to all the congregations under their care to encourage this undertaking. The Journal of the Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church held in Philadelphia August 8, 1 789, records the action taken by that body in these words : Proposals for an edition of the Holy Bible, by Mr. Isaac Collins, of Trenton, were laid before this Convention, and satisfactory infor- mation was given them as to the proposer's abilities for the execution of the work : Whereupon, Resolved on Motion of Mr. Jones, That the members of this Convention will assist Mr. Collins in the procur- ing of subscriptions. The Baptist Association at a meeting held in Philadelphia October 6, 1 789, passed the following resolution : This Association taking undef consideration the proposals of Mr. Isaac Collins, of Trenton, New Jersey, to print an edition of the Holy Bible in quarto after the Oxford Edition ; and his request to this Association to patronize the work ; Being desirous to encourage so laudable a design, do appoint our brethren the Rev. Oliver Hart, Dr. Samuel Jones, Rev. Benjamin Foster, and Rev. Burgiss Allison, to concur with any Committee appointed by any other denomination to The Collins Bible. 93 revise and correct the proof-sheets, and, if necessary, to fix upon the most correct edition of the Scriptures to be recommended to the Printer, from which to make his impression. And that the same Committee be ordered to use their influence to prevent the Apocrypha, or any Notes of any kind being printed and included in said edition, as having a dangerous tendency to corrupt the simplicity and truth of sacred Scriptures, by being thus intimately associated with them; and, particularly, as being incompatible with the union of people of different religious sentiments in promoting the work. And, more- over, the Association recommend to all the churches and congrega- tions in their bounds to encourage the undertaking. The work of the publisher received the following indorsement : August, 1790. The underwritten have examined the edition of the Holy Scriptures which Mr. Isaac Collins of Trenton is publishing as far as he has proceeded, are highly satisfied with the neatness and accuracy of the work, and believe that in the critical attention paid to the different editions of England and Scotland, to the difference of words which are to be found in these editions, and to the care bestowed upon the execution of the whole, the work will be equal to any in the English language. Signed, J.\o Witherspoon Sam S. Smith James F. Armstrong Oliver Hart. Mr. Collins was a member of the Society of Friends. " He received," says Thomas, " much assistance from the Quakers in printing the Bible, particularly from those in Philadelphia, New Jersey, and New York." While the printing of the Bible was in progress, Mr. Collins's establishment was visited by Mr. Caleb Cressons, who made this note in his diary : 94 Early Bibicff. 8th mo. 1791. 5th day, 35th. Was out of bed about 4. . . . Reached Isaac Collins' at Trenton about 7, and took a second breakfast. Went up into his printing- room where his hands were busily emph)yed on a quarto edition of the Holy Bible which they were near finishing. . . . He told me that he meant to strike off 5,000 impressions, which would occasion him to advance, in paper and workmanship, at least ;^4,ooo to ;^5,ooo before he could recei-c any advantage. But, as our society in the United States, and particularly in Pennsylvania, have encouraged the work by subscription and otherwise, I hope his laudable and industrious endeavours may be finally blessed and prospered. The work having received the requisite support, the Bible was issued from the ColHns press in Tren- ton in the year 1791. Though diligently sought for, no particulars have been found by which to de- termine what month in the year 1791 this publication appeared. In the AVtc Jersey Journal of May 25th is found the following advertisement : " Notice is hereby given to the public in general, and in par- ticular to the subscribers to the edition of the Holy Scriptures now printing by Isaac Collins at Trenton, that he has proceeded in the work as far as the book of John," etc. All that can be said is that it was issued after the month of May. The edition con- sisted of five thousand copies. The title-page reads : " The Holy Bible, contain- ing the Old and New Testaments : translated out of the Original Tongues : And with the former Trans- The Collins Bible. 95 lations Diligently compared and revised. Trenton : Printed and Sold by Isaac Collins. M.DCC.XCI." In deference to the Haptists some copies were printed without the Apocrypha and " Ostervald's Notes." An address " To the Reader," by Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, was substituted for the dedication to King James. This production became very popular, and was published over and over again in various editions of the Bible by different printers, for thirty or more years. As it appeared first in the Collins Bible it is well to quote it here ; To the Reader. As the DEDICATION of the English translation of the BIBLE to king James the first of England seems to be wholly unnecessary for the purposes of edification, and perhaps on some accounts improper to be continued in an American edition, the Editor has been advised by some judicious friends to omit it, and to prefix to this edition a short account of the translations of the Old and New Testaments from the original Hebrew and Greek in which they were written. To the Jews were first committed ihe care of the sacred Writings, and for many ages they were in a manner confined to that chosen people. There was then no need of transl.itions into other languages ; yet was the providence of God particularly manifest in their preserva- tion and purity. The Jews were so faithful to their important trust, that, when copies of the law or the prophets were transcribed, they observed the most scrupulous exactness : they not only diligently comp.ired the one with the other, but even counted the number of letters in each book, and compared and recorded the numbers. The first translations that were made of the Old Testament were after the Babylonish captivity. They are called the Targums, which word in the Chaldean language signifies Translations. They are also often 96 Early Bibles. called the ChaI(U>e faraphrast-s ; Homc of them are exact trnnshitionH of different jmrts of Scripture ; others are properly paraphrases, con- taining ciilarj;cinents, explanations, and even additions. Several of them are yet extant, and they are often mentioned by the ancient fathers of the Christian church. Some have atTirmed that the five iHjoks of Moses and that of Joshua were translated into C>reek l)efore the days of Alexander the (ireat. Hut the most remarkable transla- tion of the Old Testament into Hreek is called the Septuagint, which, if the opinion of some eminent writers is to be credited, was made in the reign of Ptolemy I'hiladelphus, about 260 years before the Chris- tian era. At any rate it is undoubtedly the most ancient that is now extant, and on many accounts deserving notice, though not to be put on a level with the Hebrew text, as has been sometimes done. The New Testament was originally written in llreek, and no sooner was the gospel spread through the nations than it was found necessary to translate the inspired Writings for each into its proper tongue. Some translations of the ( )ld Testament, diflferent from the Septuagint, were made into Clreek from the year of Christ's birth 128 to 200. It is generally believed that the church of Antioch was favoured with a Syrian translation of the Uible as early as the year 100. The Ethiopians of Abyssinia have a version of the Hible, which they ascribe to P'rumentius, of the fourth century. Clirysostom, who lived in the end of the fourth, and Theodoret, who lived in the middle of the fifth century, both inform us that they had the Syrian, Indian, Persian, Armenian, Kthiopic, and Scythian versions. The ancient Egyptians had the .Scriptures translated into their l.inguage. The (ieorgians have a versi(m in their ancient language. The most ancient Clerman translation is supposed to have been made by Uljihi- las, A.D. 360. The Old Testament of ;dl these translations, except the .Syrian, is taken from the Septuagint, and not immediately from the Hebrew text. We will now give some account of the translations of the Bible into the English language. There have been some who have affirmed that Adelme, Hishop of Sherburn, who lived in the beginning of the eighth century, translated the Psiilms into the Saxon tongue. That however is uncertain, as some of the best historians make no mention of it ; yet it is possible, as he was a man of great parts, and of great The Collins Bible. 97 learning for thoxe time», and said to bi- the first KngliHhnmn who wrote in the Latin lan(;uagc. Ahout the same time, or a little after, liede, commonly called the vencral)lc Itede, translated some parts of the New Testament, some say the whole liil)le, but that is not prob* able. Near aoo years later king Alfred translated the Psalms into the same language. In 138a Wicklifl finished his translation of the Uible, which iii yet extant ; that is to say, there are copies of it in some pul)- lick and private libraries. All these translations were made from the Vulgate. In the reign of Henry the eighth several editions of the Old and New Testaments were published in Kiiglish ; one of the most remarkable is that of William Tyndal in 1530. The translation of the New Testament was made from the original Clreek, but jirobably the Old Testament either from the Latin of the Vulgate, or the (Ircek of the Scptuagint. This was soon followed by the improvements of Coverdale and Mathews. By order of the king, Ton>t;\l, Hishop of Durham, and Heath, liishop of Rochester, made a ih w translation, which was published in 1541 : but, not pleasing Henry, was sup- pressed by authority. In the reign of king Edwar' the sixth another translation was made, two editions of which wtr' published, one in 1549, and the other in 1551. In the reign of queen Elizobeth another translation was made, which, being revised by some of the most learned of the Bishops, went by the name of the IJishops' Bible. This professed to be translated from the Hebrew of the Old Testament, and the Greek of the New, though in some instances, when there was a difference, it preferred the Septuagint to the Hebrew. This last circumstance, with some others, induced king James the first to select fifty-four persons, eminent in learning, and particularly well acquainted with the original languages in which the Old and New Testaments were written, to make a new translation of the whole Bible. In the year 1607, for'y-seven of those persons, the other seven probably having died, assembled together, and arranged them- selves into committees, to each of which a portion was given to trans- late. They were favoured not only with the best translations, but with the most accurate copies, and the various readings of the original text. After about three years assiduous l.ibour, they severally com- pleted the parts assigned them. They then met together, and while one read the translation newly formed, the rest had each a copy of the •;!' 98 Early Bibles. original text in his hand, or some one of the ancient versions, and when any difficulty occurred they stopped, till by common consulta- tion it was determined what was most agreeable to the inspired Origi- nal. This translation was first published A.D. 1610, and is the one which has been ever since that time printed by publick authority, and generally used in the British dominions. It may be added with safety, that it has been generally approved by men of learning and piety of all denominations, of which its having never been superseded by any other, for one hundred and eighty years, is a sufficient proof. The Publisher has only further to add, that he has made the follow- ing impression f-'^m the Oxford edition of 1784 by Jackson and Hamilton — and has been particularly attentive in the revisal and cor- rection of the proof-sheets with the Cambridge edition of 1668 by John Field — with the Edinburgh edition of 1775 by Kincaid, and, in all variations, with the London edition of 1772 by Eyre and Sf^-ahan — that where there was any difference in words, or in the omission or addition of words, among these, he followed that which appeared to be most agreeable to the Hebrew of Arias Montanus, and to the (Ireek of Arias Montanus and Leufden, without permitting himself to depart from some one of the above-mentioned English copies, unless in the mode of spelling, in which he has generally followed Johnson. During the lapse of years since this Address was written there has been a great advance all along the line of biblical investigation, and if rewritten to-day some of the statements made to the reader would re- quire modification ; but in the main the account is correct. This Bible of 1791 was printed with great care. " Isaac Collins," says another,' " greatly desired, in undertaking the work, to present to those who 1 " History of the Collins Family," p. 19. \\ The Collins Bible. 99 had subscribed for it a Bible free from typographical errors, and therefore secured the services of a number of persons who had had long practice in correct- ing proofs, and who would conscientiously fulfil the arduous task. In revising the proof-sheets, as well as in the examination of various editions of the Bible, several learned and distinguished ministers of differ- ent religious denominations gave their aid, while a number of his children assisted in reading the proofs eleven times, the last examination being intrusted to the eldest daughter. A reward of one pound ster- ling was ofiFered by their father for the detection of any error." The work was two years in passing through the press, and it said only two errors were ever dis- covered in it, the one being a broken letter, and the other a punctuation mark. In 1793 Mr. Collins printed a Bible in octavo. He removed his business in 1 796 to New York City, and in 1 802 took his son Thomas into partnership. In 1805 Benjamin W. Perkins, Jr., joined the firm, and it became known as Collins, Perkins & Co. In 1808 Isaac Collins retired, and the firm became Collins & Perkins. In 1810 Perkins left the business, which was carried on by Thomas and Isaac, Jr., as Collins & Co. Isaac Collins died at Burlington, N. J., in the year 181 7, in the seventy-second year of his age. It has f.'-.niS'MLJi'M'jitittX lOO Early Bibles. been recorded of him that ^ " it was a cause of great satisfaction to him in his latter years that he had never published any works detrimental to the moral or religious education of the community, and that he had instilled such a principle in those of his sons who succeeded him in the printing and publishing business." Collins & Co. printed a Bible in quarto" in 1814, and their first stereotyped edition in 18 16. During many years various impressions of the Bible and New Testament have been printed, and the Collins family are still in the publishing business after the lapse of more than a hundred years. 1 " History of the Collins Family," p. 58. 'i*.;«(«»Mi«LA«.i.7iJ(A!i. giAidHanteau&u J'-'«> l'llf«r1tl^r^fl^-^"''"*"*"**^"*l""'*''*'****^*"*''*"'"'*"*"*"*''*"V''*"*''* T 3 K ' Ik SELF-INTERPRETING BIBLE -tONTAINtKO, . '', '"If., rfc .# u «tA . j: ' - .« MAKdUMAI. RErBRBMCKrjrIXO ItLUStRATIONS. ! \' *i» exa<:t suMKaiir-w thb 4evkral books. if SItA PARAPHRASE' on THB K«$» OWdv»» OR' IMPORTANT PARTS, (^ AM ASAWrStS OF, WaOK^NTRKU OP KAOH CHAPTE R. J^ ipM»* ■itaM«*)M*,pMMCl|k u. tATORV NOTES. AND RI^GRlLtCAL REFLECTIONS. iM '< »r Th« lATI Rs7E»«Sr» ;^'0 H,N BROWN, HAOOINOTOK. ift- ^ ■• »I«*1«1'««,» T*E CO»»Kt AT !^ "• *-*j«»EH„ • itiwcacn ' t ii i ii n ii ii i m i|« jii ii i i nMymjMi ;,i;, i i 5g Fac-siiuile of the title page of the first Bible published in Xe«r York. Reduced size. , V (\ THE FIRST BIBLE PUBLISHED IN NEW YORK. Hugh Gaine was a successful and enterprising printer and publisher in New York City for more than forty years, his place of business during these years being in Hanover Square. It is stated that his press was first setup in 1750. The year following he started the New York Mercury, which he edited for thirty-one years. He also published books and pamphlets, and did the Government printing. In 1790 he issued a i2mo edition of the New Testa- ment. This is the wording of the title-page : " The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Newly Translated out of the Original Greek, and with the former Translations diligently Compared and Revised. Appointed to be read in Churches. H. G. New York : Printed and Sold by Hugh Gaine, at his book-store and Printing Office, at the Bible, in Hanover Square. M.DCC.XC." There are headings to chapters and columns, and the book is not paged. This was the first Testament printed in New York. It is considered rare by Bible collectors. I lOI Wi-iMb:&aii^v^,jj^ 1 02 Early Bibles. In the same year (1790) Hodge, Allen & Camp- bell of New York started a movement to publish two editions of the Bible, the one a folio and the other a quarto. The sanction and approval of the State au- thorities was deemed advisable, and as the result of a petition sent to the legislature the following resolu- tion was passed by the State Senate and concurred in by the House of Assembly on the 6th of April, 1790: Resolved (if the House of Assembly concur herein), That the Legislature highly approve the laudable exertions of Messrs. Hodge, Allen and Campbell, booksellers in New York, to promote the Indus- try and Manufactures of America by printing a correct and neat Edition of Doctor John Brown's Folio Family Bible ; illustrated with short Notes and Annotations, so cautiously expressed as not to give offence to any denominations of Christians ; and hope they may meet sufficient encouragemeii. to complete their undertaking agreeably to their Memorial to the Legislature, whereby the people may be supplied with this edition much cheaper than can be imported. For some reason Mr. Allen dropped out of the enterprise, as the Bible that was published contains only the imprint of Hodge & Campbell. The work was done by subscription, and was two years in pass- ing through the press. The proposals for the folio Bible are still extant, and a copy is here reproduced : New York, May 4th, 1790. Brown's Self-Instructing Folio Family Bible. Embellished with a variety of elegant Copper Plates, being a genuine American Edition. The largest and cheapest ever proposed to be printed in the United States. The First Bible Published in New York. 103 Proposals, for Printing by Subscription, by Hodge and Campbell of New York ; and will be put to Press on the ist day of June next, The Holy Bible, containing the old and New Testaments with the books of the Apocrypha. Illustrated with Notes and Annotations comprehending a most valuable Treasury of Divine Knowledge, With Practical References at the end of each Chapter, calculated to improve the understanding, purify the heart, promote the cause of virtue, and guide the reader to the Mansions of Eternal Bliss. By John Brown, D.D. Late Minister of the Gospel at Haddington. a in. led Conditions of Publication. I. The whole of this extensive and valuable work, will be printed in large folio on fine paper, American manufacture, and on an excel- lent, large and new type, cast on purpose for this work. n. It will be completed in forty numbers, one of which will be printed and delivered regularly every two weeks — price one Quarter of a Dollar or Twenty-five Cents. III. Every other number will be embellished with a beautiful and elegant engraving, executed by an ingenious American Artist illustrat- ing some remarkable transaction or incident recorded in the Holy Scriptures. IV. That every reader may be enabled to form a proper judgment of the superiority of this work over any other Bible, the first number may be had for perusal ; and if it should not p^ et with the approba- tion of the Reader, the money shall be ii in> -ately returned. V. A correct list of the Subscribers' names shall be printed and given in the last number. VI. Gentlemen who will interest themselves in procuring Sub- scribers, shall receive one copy gratis, for every twelve they may ob- tain, and Booksellers and Printers the usual allowance. tEP° The Public may be assured, that the Editors will spare neither expense nor attention in having the work carefully and correctly printed. The proof sheets shall not only be diligently revised and compared with various editions of the Holy Scriptures, but also read and cor- rected by clergymen of different denominations. i;^ Subscriptions received by the Publishers in New York, and by the Printers and Booksellers on the Continent. 104 Early Bibles. The folio Bible appeared in 1 792. The Old and New Testaments are liberally supplied with references in the margins. The Apocrypha is printed in re- duced type, and is without notes or explanations. The frontispiece is a patriotic device in which at the head of the page is a representation of the arms of the State of New York. Under this is America holding the constitution and receiving a copy of the Bible. The goddess of Liberty is on one side, and behind America a pedestal with the names on it of Washington, Montgomery, Greene, Franklin, Warren, Adams, Mercer, Putnam, Jay, Clinton, Gates, Morris, and Lafayette. The engraver was Dunlap. There are eighteen other engravings, twelve in the Old Testament and six in the New. Fronting the title- page of the latter is a map of the Holy Land. The engravings are all signed except one, that of " Queen Esther fainting." The general title-page reads : " The Self- Interpret- ing Bible : Containing, The Sacred Text of the Old and New Testaments. Translated from the Original Tongues, and with the former Translations Dili- gently Compared and Revised. To which are an- nexed, Marginal References and Illustrations, An exact Summary of the several Books, A Paraphrase on the most obscure or important Parts, An Analysis of the Contents of each Chapter, Explanatory Notes, The First Bible Published in New York. 105 and Evangelical Reflections. By the late Reverend John Brown, Minister of the Gospel at Haddington. Search the scriptures, for in them ye think ye have eternal life, and these are they which testify of me, John v. 39. To him give all the prophets witness, that, through his name, whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins, Acts X. 43. Where a testament is, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator, Heb. ix. 16. The Lamb slain from the foundation of the world, Rev. xiii. 8. New York : Printed by Hodg j and Campbell, And Sold at their respective Book Stores. M.DCC.XCII." The back of the title-page is blank, and on the next leaf is : The AUTHOR'S ADDRESS. Not to depreciate the valuable commentaries of Pool, Patrick, Clark, Henry, Btirkitt, Gill, Doddridge, Giiyse, &c. &c. but to exhibit their principal substance with all possible advantage, in a manner that might best comport with the ability and leisure of the poorer and labouring part of mankind ; and especially to render the oracles of God their own interpreter, and enable every serious reader to judge for himself what doctrines ought to be believed and what duties prac- tised by the Christian ; are the avowed aims of this publication. In the copious Introduction, the principal Proofs of the Divine Authority of the Old and New Testaments, and the Rules neces- sary to promote the profitable perusal of the oracles of GoD therein contained, are largely exhibited. The connected scheme of the He- urew Laws, and their evangelical signification, — and of the Fate of nations, narrated or predicted in scripture, as subservient to the glorious work of our redemption, — together with the large Chrono- logical Index, — form a summary of the most celebrated labours of io6 Early Bibles. the learned world on these diversified subjects. An accurate attention thereto will, through the blessing of GoD, greatly assist in searching the scriptures with success. The CuNTKNls of the sacred books, and their respective chapters, are an accurate, full, and explicatory, representation of their subject. —Properly attending to these, the reader must discern of whom, or of what, the Holy Ghost there speaks, and understand the passage accordingly. He may easily fix in his mind a general, but distinct, view of the whole system of inspiration ; and thus be capable, with the utmost readiness, to find oui or compare whatever passages of scrip- ture he may desire. The Explanatory Notes are chiefly confined to \\^g figurative, the prophetic, and the practical, parts. Here the obscurity of scripture, or the importance of faith and holiness, chiefly required them. In our Saviour's delightful discourses, and the epistles of his in- spired messengers, our holy religion is most fully delineated ; and there the explication is peculiarly extensive, and attempts to exhibit the substance of many learned and expensive commentaries, in a man- ner which, attending to the beautiful connection, clearly unfolds the scope and meaning of the Spirit of God. A particular and lively application of divine truth to the heart, and an unspotted holiness of conversation, being the immediate end of God's revelations to men, the contents of each chapter, which are often in an explicatory manner, are in the Reflections practically summed up, and directed home to the reader himself, for enlighten- ing his understanding, awakening his conscience, warming his heart, and for directing and animating his practice. An exact knowledge of the Seasons in which the oraclf.s of God were delivered, or the events mentioned in them took place, being of no small importance for obtaining a distinct perception of their mean- ing, the dates before and after our Saviour's incarnation have been adjusted from the best chronologers, and m.arked in the margin. But as every Protestant must allow the scripture itself to be its own interpreter — as God, to oblige men to a diligent search of his word, comparing spiritual things with spiritual, has seldom fully unfolded any of his more important truths in one particular passage — the un- common collection of Parallel Scriptures, such as is not to be ' r The First Bible Published in New York. 107 found any where else that I know of, has formed the most laborious, and will, to the diligent peruser, be found f>yfar\.)\(i most valuable part, of the work. Some of these are similar in phrase, others in meaning, and, in fine, others in their scope and design. In these, and others which may be added, we have a delightful view of the Harmony of the scripture, and multiplied Proofs of every article of our Christian faith ; we have a real Concordance, which may abundantly furnish preachers and others with their desired quotations ; we have, in little room, a large Commentary, infinitely more certain than any dictates of men ; and of which the very words are, as nails and as goads, pointed and fastened by the great Master of assemblies. In a truly diligent comparison of them, many texts all at once explain, and are explained by, each other. Nor, unless at first, will the careful reader find much trouble in comparing the texts : but the mere view of the marginal quotations will direct his memory to that part of them which corre- sponds with the sentence to which they are annexed for explication. And, for his encouragement, I can truly say, that my labour, in coK lecting the parallel texts in this work, has afforded me much more PLEASANT INSIGHT into the oracles of God than all the numerous commentaries which I ever perused. Thus we may listen to and converse with God, and lay our con- sciences open to the inspired arrows of our all-conquering Redeemer ; — we find his words, and eat them, to the joy and health of our soul ; we hide them in our heart, that we may not sin against him ; we be- come mighty in the scriptures, and expert in handling this sword of the Spirit, in opposition to every enemy of our soul: in fine, we are made wise unto salvation ; are reproved, corrected, and instructed in righteousness, and perfectly furnished for every good work. May the Lord himself prosper it for these ends! J. Brown. The next page is occupied with an address " To the Reader." This is in substance the same as that found in the Collins Bible of 1791, which is quoted in full in the Collins chapter. There is a variation io8 Early Bibles, in the opening paragraph, and here and there in the language that follows. After this is " An Introduc- tion to The Right Understanding of the Oracles of God." This covers 36 pages, closely printed, and is divided into five chapters, dealing with the following subjects: Chapter I., Of the Divine Authority of the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments ; Chapter II., Of Rules for Understanding the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; Chapter III., Of the Jewish Laws and Types; Chapter IV., A Short View of the Geography and History of Nations; Chapter V., A Chronological Harmony of the Scrip- ture Histories, and of the F'ulfilment of its Predictions. Besides this Introduction it has an " Appendix of Weights, Monies, Measures, and Times, mentioned in Scripture " ; a " Table of Scripture Measures, Weights, and Coins: With an Appendix, containing the Method of calculating its Measures of Surface, hitherto wanting in Treatises on this Subject. By the Right Reverend Richard Lord Bishop of Peter- borough." Following these comes " A Table of Offices and Conditions of Men," covering a half-page; then the *' Names and Order of all the Books of the Old and New Testaments, and the Apocrypha, with the Num- ber of thjir Chapters." Next the " Days of the Week " and the " Watches " The First Bible Published in New York. 109 (referring to the division of time), followed by a •' Table of Kindred and Affinity." A List of Subscribers is printed at the end of the New Testament, while in other copies it is placed between ..tie address " To the Reader " and the " In- troduction." The first name on the list is that of " George Washington, Esq. President of the United States of An-erica." On the last page is an expres- sion of thanks from the publishers for the support they received in printing the Bible. This is signed by them and dated " New- York, ist April, 1792." In '.he same year Hodge & Campbell issued their quarto edition of the Bible, It differs throughout from the folio, and is not supplied with Brown's Notes. Title-page : " The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments : Newly translated out of the Original Tongues, and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised. Search the Scrip- tures, &c. To Him give all the Prophets, &c. Where a testament is, &c. The Lamb slain, &c. New York : Printed by Hodge and Campbell, and Sold at their respective Bookstores. M.DCC.XCII." At the end of the volume are the Psalms in meter after the Scotch version. While well printed and a creditable book, it never excited the interest nor commanded the sale of the folio edition. r ii BH?; ^JM,tililU.M l.l no Early Bibles. Hugh Gaine also issued a Bible in New York in 1792. It is a i2mo book, printed in Ruby type. Title-page: "The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments: Translated out of the Original Tongues ; And with the former Translations diligently compared and revised. H. G. New York : Printed and Sold by Hugh Gaine at his Book-Store and Printing Office, at the Bible, in Hanover- Square. M.DCC.XCII." This Bible is without preface, and is not paged. Following the general title-page is a line running " The Names and Order of all the Books of the O. and N. Test." A second page is devoted to an " Account of the Dates or Time of writing the Books of the New Testament." The book ends with " A Table of Offices and Conditions of Men." This Bible cannot be considered strictly an American pro- duction, as the types it is believed were set up in Scotland, and the plates then imported to this coun- try, and the printing executed in New York. Eleven years after the publication of the first edition, the plates were sold to Carey of Philadelphia. Browne's Self- Interpreting Bible of 1792 reap- peared in New York in 1806 as " Printed by Sage & Clough, for Robt. McDermut, No. 248, and J. & T. Ronalds, No. 188 Pearl Street." The text is the same as in the first edition, but the engravings are The First Bible Published in New York. 1 1 1 taken from the Thomas Bible of 179 1. A third issue bears the date of 1820 and the imprint of S. Walker, 148 Cherry Street, New York. From the same place of business, T. Kinnersley, in 1822, published the fourth edition. It came out in 162 numbers, embellished with twenty-eight copper-plate engravings. After the address " To the Reader " is printed " A Calculation of the number of books, chapters, verses, words, letters, &c., in the Old and New Testaments and the Apocrypha," which some curious person had worked out. This " Calculation " ^ has since become very familiar, but this was prob- ably its first appearance in an American Bible. A fifth edition of Browne's Bible was published by Mr. Kinnersley in New York in 1826, and the sixth in 1833. The stereotyped plates found their way to Balti:nore, where they did their last service in an edition of the Self- Interpreting Bible printed by Joseph Neal of that city in 185 i. There is no date on the title-page, but on the printed numbers or parts in which it was issued the year 1851 is given. In 1859 Johnson, Fry & Co., 2"] Beekman Street, New York, issued an edition of the Self- Interpreting Bible, from entirely new plates. This is expressly stated as " A New Edition." It draws from a num- ber of commentaries, and claims to have " upward 1 Appendix L. ■ nm. ii 112 Early Bibles. of eight thousand explanatory and critical notes." The new material was edited by the Rev. Henry Cooke, D.D., LL.D. The book was issued in num- bers, and many of the engravings are repeated from Rutter's " Life of Christ." The Self- Interpreting Bible had a long popularity.' During the years of its publication the wording of the title-page was changed, different engravings were used, and several printers had it in hand, but the body of the book remained the same, and the folio form was continued. THE ~'l OLD COVENANT, COMMONLY CALLED THE OLD TESTAMENT : T&AHSLATEU FROM THE SEPTUAGINT. By CHARLES THOMSON, Late Secretary to the Congress of the United States. VOL. r. panjtnELPHU: PRINTED BY JANE AITKEN, No, n, WORTH THIRD STREET. 1808. ..'■liA Fac-simlle of t'ae title page of the IJible trarisliited from tlio Septtiaglnt by Charles Thomson and itulilished at Philadelphia in 18U8. Kediicud size. \\ THE FIRST TRANSLATION FROM THE SEPTUAGINT. In the year 1808 the press of Jane Aitken of Philadelphia gave to the world a version of the Bible that indicated a high order of scholarship. It came from the pen of Charles Thomson, and was the first translation in America of the Septuagint into Eng- lish. It was issued in four octavo volumes. Watson, in his " Annals of Philadelphia," says of Thomson : ^ " He told me that he was first induced to study Greek from having bought a part of the Septuagint at an auction in this city. He had bought it for a mere trifle, and without knowing what it was, save that the crier said it was outlandish letters. When he had mastered it enough to understand it, his anxiety became great to see the whole ;. but he could find no copy. Strange to tell, in the interval of two years, passing the same store, and chancing to look in, he then saw the remainder actually crying off for a few pence, and he bought it. I used to tell him that the 1 Watson's " Annals of Philadelphia," 1850, vol. i., p. 568. "3 114 Early Bibles. translation which he afterward made should have had these facts set at the front of the work as a preface ; for that great work, the first of the kind in the English language, strangely enough, was ushered into the world without any preface." The title-page reads : " The Holy Bible, contain- ing the Old and New Covenant, commonly called the Old and New Testament : Translated from the Greek. By Charles Thomson, Late Secretary to the Congress of the United States. Philadelphia : Printed by Jane Aitken, No. 71 North Third Street. 1808. 4 vols." This version received the enthusiastic approval of scholars at the time it was published, and is still valued for its vigor and perspicuity. Orme speaks of it in commendable terms in his " Bibliotheca Bib- lica " of 1824, where he says:^ "This transatlantic work is creditable to America and to the learned author. It is the only English version of the Septua- gint, and is therefore worthy of attention, as well as for the fidelity with which it is executed. The New Testament contains many improved renderings and improvements." Home follows in like terms in his " Manual of Biblical Bibliography," published in 1839. He writes :2 "The translation is, upon the 1 " Bibliotheca Biblica," p. 429. 2 " Manual of Biblical Bibliography," p. 263. / The First Translation from the Septuagint. 1 1 5 whole, faithfully executed, though that of the Old Testament, being a version of a version, can hardly afford much assistance to the biblical student. The translation of the New Testament is much improved in the punctuation, and also in the arrangement of the objections and replies that occasion such frequent transitions in St. Paul's Epistles. The notes which accompany this work are very brief, but satisfactory as far as they go." As the years have gone by Thomson's translation has not lost its place in the minds of critical students. As one evidence of this, it need only be stated that it was consulted by the Revision Committee in their version of 1881. The following quotations will give the reader some impression of this translation : St. Matt. v. On seeing these multitudes he went up to the mount and sat down, and his disciples came to him, and he opened his mouth and taught them, saying, 3. Happy the pooi in spirit ; for the kingdom of the heavens is theirs. 4. Happy they who mourn ; for they shall be comforted. 5. Happy the meek ; for they shall inherit the land. 6. Happy they who hunger and thirst for righteousness ; for they shall be satisfied. 7. Happy the merciful ; for they shall obtain mercy. 8. Happy the pure in heart ; for they shall see God. 9. Happy the peacemakers ; for they shall be called children of God. 10. Happy they who are persecuted for righteousness' sake ; for the kingdom of the heavens is theirs. ii6 Early Bibles. 11. Happy are ye when men will revile and persecute you, and accuse you falsely of every evil thing on my account. 12. Rejoice and exult triumphantly ; for great will be your reward in heaven ; for thus they persecuted the prophets who were before you. 13. You are the salt of the earth. Now if the salt become insipid, with what can it be made salt? It is no longer fit for anything, but to be thrown out of doors, and trampled under foot by men. v. 37 — Let your word yes be yes, and your no, no ; for whatever exceedeth these proceedeth from that which is evil. St. John xvi. 1. These things I have spoken to you that you may not be stumbled. 2. They will excommunicate you. Indeed a time is coming, when whosoever killeth you will think he doth an act of religious worship to God. 7. But, I tell you this truth, it is to your advantage that I go away ; for if I do not go, the monitor will not come to you ; but when I go I will send him to you. 8. And when he is come he will convince the worlu in respect to sin, and in respect to rightecmsness, and in respect to judgment — 9. in respect to sin, because they do ID. not believe in me ; and in respect to righteousness because I go to my Father and you see II. me no more; and in respect to judgment, because the prince of this world is judged. I Cor. XV. v. 35. But a certain person will say, How are the dejd raised and with what sort of a body do they come? Simpleton! that which thou thyself sowest is not quickened except it dieth. And as to what thou sowest, thou sowest not the body which is to be, but a bare grain, for instance, of wheat, or of any other seeds ; and God giveth it a body as it hath pleased him and to every of the seeds its own peculiar body. The First Translation from the Septuagint. 1 1 7 In the fifth chapter of the First Epistle of St. John the translator omits the verse about the three heav- enly witnesses. Charles Thomson was born at Maghera, Ireland, on November 29, 1729. He and his father sailed for America in 1741, but the father died at sea, and the son landed at New Castle, Del. The lad was but eleven years old and in destitute circumstances. He fell into the hands of a family at New Castle, but as they desired to apprentice him to a blacksmith he ran away. On the road he met a kind-hearted lady who offered him a seat in her carriage. She asked him, "What would you like to be?" His ready reply was, " A scholar." His wish was splendidly realized, for she took him under her care and gave him an education. In the war with Great Britain, Thomson gave his sympathy and influence to the side of the colonies. In 1774 John Adams wrote: " Charles Thomson is the Sam Adams of Philadelphia, the life of the cause of liberty." At the organization of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia, in 1774, Thomson was elected Secretary by a unanimous vote. He declined tO receive pay for his first year of ser- vice to Congress, and that bod}'-, in recognition of his patriotism, presented a silver urn to his wife, who was a sister of Benjamin Harrison of Virginia, one ii8 Early Bibles. of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He filled other positions of honor and responsibility, and was appointed to announce to Washington his election as President of the United States. Each year he was reelected as Secretary, up to 1 789, when he retired for the purpose of devoting himself to biblical study. Such cases are rare, of men giving up honorable public positions for the sake of mental pursuits. His retirement was regretted by Washing- ton and his associates. His intellectual ability was widely recognized, for John Jay desired him to write the history of the American Revolution, saying, " You are the most competent man for the work." Thomson was greatly esteemed for his nobility of character, and especially for his veracity. The Del- aware Indians, with whom he was commissioned to treat, called him "The Man of Truth." He died in 1824, at Lower Merion, Montgomery County, Pa. His residence for many years was at Bryn Mawr, in the same State. His house is still standing, and the room is shown which was used as his library when he wrote his translation of the Bible. The original manuscript is in the possession of Allegheny College, and three note-books in Thomson's handwriting, con- taining suggestions and alterations concerning his translations, are in the library of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. His own copy of the Bible, with / The First Translation from the Scptuagint. 1 1 9 the manuscript notes in the margins, is the property of the Library Company of Philadelphia. The strong translation that Thomson gave us was the result of twenty years of patient investigation, persistent study, and an intense love for his work. Before the manuscript was given to the press it was transcribed four times. Dr. Francis Bowen, Profes- sor of Philosophy in Harvard College, speaks thus of Thomson : " This solitary and unaided scholar, over three quarters of a century ago, liv ing in what might have been viewed from the English standpoint as a small provincial city, having at his disposal none of the rich means and appliances of scholarship which were collected in the Jerusalem chamber of West- minster Abbey, and in fact probably possessing hardly any books available for his purpose except an English Bible and a copy of the Textus Receptus of the Greek New Testament and Scptuagint, has yet produced a work which may well challenge compari- son with the best results of the united labors, dur- ing the last ten years, of two companies containing thirty or forty of the best scholars in England and America." Mr. Albert J. Edmunds says : " Thomson's trans- lation is notable for its sound erudition and scholarly care, but also for its singular freedom from traditional renderings. Wherever it was possible to translate a 130 Early Bibles. theological term with breadth and freshness it was done, but only where an honest latitude was allowed by the original." He also adds: "It seems to me that a version of such sterling worth ought not to be left languishing on the shelves of old book-stores, to be bought as a bibliographical curiosity, as it now has too long been, but should be taken up by a good publisher and recdited with care. Neither Roman nor Genevan, neither High Church nor Low, of no sect and of no prejudice, whether of unbelief or of over-belief, this American patriot of the Continental Congress, who lived to be ninety-four and spent a glorious old age in his home near Bryn Mawr, trans- lating the records of our faith, ought to stand among us once more in the form of a newer and more ac- cessible edition of his great work, the Old and New Covenants." i The Rev. Henry G. Weston, writing in the Chris- tian Index, says of the New Testament part of Thomson's work : " Taking into consideration all the circumstances in which it was produced, the time, the author, the state of biblical learning, this is a marvelous production. Felicitous in its language, not so much translating words as transferring ideas, conveying the thought of the Greek into expressive 1 " Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography," October number, 1891, p. 335. The First Translation from the Scptuagint, 1 2 1 English, a chapter can hardly be read in the hearing of any person fond of the New Testament study without awakening curiosity and interest. I some- times use it at family prayers, and frequently in the seminary chapel ; never, if strangers are present, without eliciting inquiries as to th. author, and rarely without hearing the desire ex[ ressed to pos- sess the work. Indeed, I have had for years orders at second-hand book-stores lor uvery copy rflfered for sale, and there are always iriendp awaiting to take it from me. Those cr3idii. Br JAMES MURDOCK/D.D. NEW- YORK: PUBLISHED BY STANFORD AND SWOUDS, '_ NO. 137 BEOADVfAY. 1851. Fac-siiuilo of the title page of the ftrxt Translation made in the United States of the New Testament from the Syrlac-reshlto Version. Ueduced size. THE FIRST TRANSLATION FROM THE PESHITO SYRIAC VERSION. Among the oldest versions of the Old and New Testaments is the Peshito Syriac. The word " Peshi- to" has been variously defined. Some writers give it the meaning of " simple," as having reference to the simplicity and clearness of style that characterize this ancient version. Others think the word means " literal," as indicating exactness and correctness. Still others are of the opinion that it conveys the idea of the word "common" in the sense of compre- hensive, just as we speak of the Book of Common Prayer. Any of these meanings is a tribute to the value of the Peshito. " Its language," writes Micha- elis, " is elegant and pure. It is not loaded with foreign idioms, and it discovers the hand of a master in rendering those passages where the idioms of the two languages deviate from each other. It has no marks of the stiffness of a translation, but is writleu with the ease and fluency of an original." Wolfgang 126 Early Bibles. Francius says : ^ " Among all the versions of the New Testament, that which holds the first rank, and is the most exact, felicitous and divine, is certainly the Syriac, which undoubtedly was most faithfully handed down by apostolical men, who remembered well the recently uttered words of Christ and his apostles, and understood their meaning, for Christ himself used this language." To this testimony may be added the words of Dr. Murdock, who says:- "The great value of this translation depends on its high antiquity, on the competence and fidelity of the translators, and on the affinity of its language to that spoken by our Lord and his Apostles. In all these respects it stands preeminent among the numerous versions of the New Testament." While there is no doubt concerning the antiquity of this version, there is a wide range of opinion as to its exact date. Home, in his " Introduction," says: " Bishop Walton, Carpzov, Leusden, Bishop Lowth, and Dr. Kennicott fix its date to the first century ; Bauer and some other German writers, to the second or third century ; Jahn fixes it, at the least, to the second century ; De Rossi pronounces it to be very ancient, but does not specify any p ;cise date. The f 1 " Treatise on Hermeneutics," p. 38. 3 Murdock's " Translation of the Syriac New Testament," Appen- dix II., p. 497. The Translation from the Syriac. 127 most probable opinion is that of Michaelis, who as- cribes the Syriac version of both Testaments to the close of the first, or to the earlier part of the second century, at which time the Syrian churches flourished most, and the Christians at Edessa had a temple for divine worship erected after the model of that at Jerusalem, and it is not to be supposed that they would be without a version of the Old Testament, the reading of which had been introduced by the Apostles."^ While the date has not been fixed, it can be said that the Peshito was an old version even in the time of Ephraim the Syrian, who died in 373. Of the authorship of the version nothing is known, though it is evident that it came from many hands. From certain resemblances to the Septuagint, it is thought that Jewish converts had much to do with this ver- sion. Of the place where it was written nothing can be said definitely, though it has been conjectured that it may have been written at Antioch or Edessa. The versions known as the Philoxenian and Hiero- solymitian are of later date and of little value com- pared with the Peshito New Testament. The latter holds a high place among scholars, as it helps to clear up some passages of the Greek Testament. The first edition of the Peshito New Testament 1 Home's " Introduction," vol. i., p. 270. laS Early Bibles, was printed in Vienna in 1555, under the patronage of the Emperor of Austria, and was designed for the use of the Jacobite Christians of the East. In later years other editions were printed in Germany, Bel- gium, Italy, France, and England. In some cases the Testaments were printed in Syriac and Latin, or in Syriac and Hebrew. In 18 16 the British and Foreign Bible Society published an edition in the Syriac alone, which was intended for missionary use in India. The first translation in Great Britain of the Peshito New Testament into English was made in 1846, by J. W. Etheridge, LL.D., who published the first Four Gospels, and later the remainder of the New Testament. The first translation of the Peshito New Testament in the United States came from the pen of the Rev. James Murdock, D.D., in 185 1. The title-page of the book is as follows : " The New Testament ; or. The Book of the Holy Gospel of our Lord and our God, Jesus the Messiah, A Literal Translation from the Syriac Peshito Ver- sion. By James Murdock, D.D. New York: Pub- lished by Stanford and Swords, No. 137 Broadway. 1851." Dr. Murdock says in the preface : " In this trans- lation the Books of the New Testament are divided into Paragraphs, according to the sense; just as in / The Translation from the Syriac, 129 Campbell's translation of the Four Gospels, and in the Greek Testaments of Bengel, Griesbach, Knapp, and others. The common divisions into Chapters and Verses are noted in the margin, and the Verses are also put in parentheses in the middle of the lines. For the benefit of those who have some knowledge of the Syriac language, the more important words are frequently placed in the side margin, with refer- ences to the corresponding words in the translation. Deviations of the Syriac text from the Greek, and also the susceptibilities of the Syriac words, or phrases, of a different rendering from that in the text, are likewise indicated in the side margin. The foot margin is reserved for occasional comments and critical observations." The book is an octavo, and the text covers 471 pages. The author tells us he " commenced his translation early in August, 1845, ^"^ completed it on the 1 6th of June, 1846." A portion of the first chapter of the Gospel accord- ing to St. John is quoted, as giving some idea of this version from the Syriac. The words in brackets are supplied : St. John i. I. In the beginning, was the Word; and the Word was with Cod; and the Word w^as God. 3. He was in the beginning with God. 130 Early Bibles. 3. Kvery thing was hy his hand ; and without him, was not any thing whatever that existed. 4. In him was life ; and the life was the light of man. 5. And this light shincth in the darkness ; and the darkness appre* hended it not. 6. There was a man sent from Goear witness concerning the light. 8. He was not himself the light, but (came) to bear witness con- cerning the light. 9. The true light was that, which enlightencth every man who cometh into the world. 10. lie was in the world ; and the world was by his hand ; and t'^.e world did not know him. 11. He came to his own [people] ; and his own [people] received him not. 12. Itut such as received him, to them gave he the prerogative to be children of God ; [even] to them that believe on his name ; 13. Who are born, not of blood nor of the pleasure of the flesh, nor of the pleasure of man, but of God. 14. And the Word became flesh, and tabernacled with us : and we saw his glory, a glory as of the only begotten from the Father, that he was full of grace and truth. 15. John testified of him, and cried, and said: This is he, of whom I said. That he cometh after me, and is before me ; for he was prior to me. 16. And of his plenitude have we all received, and grace for grace. 1 7. For the law was given by the hand of Moses ; but the reality and grace was by the hand of Jesus Messiah. 18. No man hath ever seen God ; the only begotten God, he who is in the bosom of his Father, he hath declared [him]. The early Syriac manuscripts were not divided into chapters and verses, but into lessons of about the same length, that were appointed to be read in public worship. In printed copies the chapters and The Translation from the Syriac, 131 verses are indicated in the margins. One lesson was taken from the Epistles, and the other from the Gos- pels, so that the congregation heard the greater part of the New Testament in the course of twelve months. Lessons were assigned for each Sunday and each festival from Advent onward, thus showing from an early date an orderly and systematic keeping of the ecclesiastical year. Dr. Murdock says:' "The Peshito Canon embraces all the books which were universally admitted to be genuine in the early ages of the Church ; and it excludes all b.ut one of the books concerning which there was for a time doubt and uncertainty. It is almost precisely the same with the Canon derived from the writings of Ire- njEus, TertuUian, and others in the first ages of the Church. And this may be considered as evidence of the high antiquity of the version. It was made before the New Testament Canon was fully settled." Dr. Murdock was born in Westbrook, Conn., Feb- ruary 16, 1776. He was graduated at Yale College in 1797. In 1815 he was made Professor of Ancient Languages in the University of Vermont, and four years later was called to the chair of Sacred Rhetoric and Ecclesiastical History in Andover Theological Seminary. In 1829 he made New Haven his home, 1 Murdock's " Translation of the Syriac New Testament," Appen- dix II., p. 490. 132 Early Bibles. and engaged in literary work. He died at Columbus, Miss., in 1856. He translated a number of works from the German, and was well known as a linguistic scholar. His translation of the Peshito New Tes- tament is considered a faithful rendering from the Syriac. A second edition appeared in 1855, and the third was published by Robert Carter & Brothers of New York in 1858. v^ \\ imit»<4a»>.i.>l^jg|^|MH44>^..»«.. Wir.ORNIjE, MAi«AeHiii«TT»NJi '. I ExcudebatlSAIASTHOMAS, JUW. 1 StNCUfcAriM £x ^^/M6BOJs eo vciioiT* grpjciN/e %VAt L- 1^ — '' ' ■ — — ' — ' ■ Fiu-sitiiilc ol -lif littc I)n^'l• of tlif Cirsl Orock TcstiiiiKMit jiv ntcil in Anifiica. ICxiu I size. EARLY EDITIONS OF THE GREEK TESTAMENT. The first edition of the New Testament in Greek published in the United States came from the press of Isaiah Thomas, Jr., at Worcester, Mass., in the year 1800. It is in size a i2mo and bound in calf. It contains on the second page a chronological list of the books of the New Testament, and at the end this note : " The above Table has been carefully and faithfully collected from the writings of the famous Rev. Nathaniel Lardner, D.D." This note is fol- lowed by the name of " Caleb Alexander " as editor. Although the title-page states that the book follows the reading of Mill, it is apparent that the editor draws freely from other editions, and especially the Elzevir text of 1678. It is worthy of a passing no- tice that in the year 1800 Thomas published the first Greek grammar in this country. It is a duo- decimo of 224 pages. The title-page states that the book was " originally composed for the College- School at Gloucester." Another !ine reads " Rec- ommended by the University at Cambridge, Mass., Ij3 134 Early Bibles. to be used by those who are intended for that Seminary." An edition of the New Testament in Greek and Latin arranged in parallel columns appeared in Phil- adelphia in 1806. It was edited by John Watts, and printed by S. F. Bradford, and was a reprint of the edition of John Lcusden which was published at Utrecht in 1675. It is a i2mo of 561 pages, and was the first Leusdcn issued in this country. Another edition by the same printer was published under like date wholly in Greek, and containing 286 pages. Two volumes of the Greek Tcr.tament in octavo, covering in all 890 pages, were published in 1809, at Cambridge, dedicated to the President and P'ellows of Harvard College. The names of W. Wells and ". . Hilliard appear, though the former was likely both editor and publisher. This edition of the Greek Testament is a reprint of Griesbach's Manual, pub- llsheil at Leipzig in 1805, This was the first of this text appearing in America. Dr. Hall says:^ "At the time of its publication, this book is said to have been hailed by one party with joy — ' with an lo triumphe,' as one of the old-school biblical .scholars informs me — as a denominational weapon, and the annihilator of their opponents ; while by the latter it 1 "Americiin flreek Test.inients," p. 28. : :, Early Editions of the Greek Tcstavicut. 135 M J r: \ ' was looked upon with timidity, not only as the de- stroyer of prooT-texts and the discloser of the sandy foundation of innumerable sermons, but as a would- be unsettler of the New Testament itself. But the telegraph did not exist in those days, and those hopes and fears and antagonisms remained local and tem- porary. It was impossible to make a critical edition of the New Testament a badge of orthodoxy or heresy on either side ; and the book came .speedily into use and jireference among the more enlightened clergymen of that generation in all denominations. Andover Theological Seminary appears to have taken the lead in this favorable movement, among repre- sentatives of tiie timid side. At all events, a ' Har- mony of the Gospels ' with this text was soon pre- pared for tii.it institution. From that dav onward, America has not ceased to possess critical texts of native print, although she caimot say, like Germany, that her scholars have issued no I'^lzevir text since 1 775- The publication of this Griesbach in America was no common e\'ent." Isaiah Thomas, Jr., issued another edition of the Greek Testament in 18 14, but the place of printing was Boston, not Worcester. The title-page differed from that of 1800 in the central ornament, which consists of two reclining figures supporting an open Bible, with a Greek motto 136 Early Bibles. from I Cor. xv. 22. The text is the same as in the first edition. George Long, 71 Pearl Street, New York, pub- lished in 1821 a small i2mo New Testament in Greek and Latin which followed the rendering of Leusden, covering 699 pages. It contains a number of misprints evidently copied from the foreign edition of 1804. It has a Latin preface of a little over three pages. ■ Rev. Abner Kneeland, a Universalist minister, ed- ited the New Testament in Greek and English in 1822, William Fry of Philadelphia being the printer. In the same year the Testament solely in Greek was issued by the same editor. Some editions of the latter bear the date of 1823. Kneeland went through varied experiences in his religious opinions. Begin- ning as a Baptist minister, he then became a Univer- salist, and ended as a Deist. While editor of the Investigator he was tried by the Supreme Court of Massachusetts for blasphemy. . In 1822 Oliver D. Cooke & Sons of Hartford, Conn., published a i2mo Greek Testament which was f.dited by Dr. P. Wilson of Columbia College, other issues appearing in 1825, 1827, and 1829. After this date various editions were published in Philadelphia for a number of years. Dr. Hall says:i 1 "American tlreek Testaments," p. 36. Early Editions of the Greek Testament. 137 " Wilson's New Testament has had an enormous cir- culation, and is still in use by very many. Probably no edition was more commonly used by the mass of clergymen and students from 1823 to 1840." In 1837 an important and since widely known edition of the Greek Testament in two volumes was issued in the United States, with the imprint of the following publishers : Boston, Perkins & Marvin ; Philadelphia, Henry Perkins. This Testament was edited by Rev. Dr. Bloomfield, and is a reprint of the second London edition. The scope and schol- arship of the work are indicated by the title-page, where it is stated that tlu- book contains " English notes, critical, philological, and exegetical, partly selected and arranged from the best commenta- tors, ancient and modern, but chiefly original. The whole being specially adapted to the use of academi- cal students, candidates for the sacred officC; and Ministers, though also intended as a manual edition for the use of theological readers in general." In the preface Dr. Bloomfield says : " The text has been formed after long and repeated examinations of the whole of the New Testament for that purpose solely, on the basis of the last edition of R. Stephens, adopted by Mill, whose text differs very slightly from, but is admitted to be preferable to, the common text, which originated in the Elzevir edition of 1624. 138 Early Bibles. From this there has been no deviation, except on the most preponderating evidence, critical conjecture being wholly excluded, and stich alterations only in- troduced as rest on the united authority of MSS., ancient versions and Fathers, and the early printed editions, but especially upon the invaluable Editio Princeps; and which had been already adopted in one or more of the critical editions of Bengel, Wet- stein, Griesbach, Matthcei, and Scholz." The Amer- ican edition of Dr. Bloomfield's work also contains a preface by Professor Stuart of Andover Theological Seminary, dated October i, 1836. The two volumes include 1261 pages of printed matter. This book went through many editions, some claiming as high as fourteen, but was finally super- seded by other and better texts, especially those of Alford, and the Epistles edited by Ellicott. The English notes of Bloomfield's work are thoughtful and strong, and clearly teach that the Apostolic Church was governed by bishops, priests, and deacons. In 1838 an American reprint of the Polymicrian Greek Testament was issued in Philadelphia by Henry Perkins, Joseph P. Engles, A.M., being the editor. The honored and saintly Dr. W. A. Muhlenberg has said that he owed to Engles, the editor of this work. Early Editions of the Greek Tcstamcut. 139 more of his success in life than to any other man. The Polymicrian Greek Testament was first published in England in 1829, with a lexicon prepared by William Greenfield. This lexicon was published in America in the year 1839, revised by Engles, and after that date was usually bound with the Ameri- can reprint of the Polymicrian. Its editor, William Greenfield, began his business life in a bindery, and early displayed a marvelous aptitude for the acqui- sition of languages. His attainments were so great that he was employed by the British and Foreign Bible Society in editing the books they published in many tongues. Mr. Greenfield also edited Bagster's Comprehensive Bible, which was printed in England in 1827, and reprinted in Philadelphia in 1854, his brilliant career being cut short by death at the age of thirty-two. In 1842 Dr. Edward Robinson edited a Greek Testament in which he follows the text and anno- tations of Professor Hahn's Leipzig edition of 1840. The marginal notes are retained, with the parallel references of Scripture, and the readings of different editors. It had a wide circulation, but has been superseded by recent and more critical works. The book is a i2mo of 508 pages, issued by Leavitt & Trow, New York, other editions appearing in 1845. I40 Earlv Bibles. Leavitt & Allen, New York, printed editions in 1854, 1855, and 1857, and Applcton s imprint appears on the book in seven editions from 1866 to 1880. In 1847 editions of a book bearing the title of " Collectanea Evangelica " appeared in Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Cincinnati, in a i6mo of 210 pages. It consisted of selections from the Gospels so grouped together as to form a history of Christ. Two of the editions contained a recom- mendation by Edgar A. Poe, who was at the time editor in New York City of the Broadivay Journal. The book was intended for colleges and schools. In later years many editions of the Greek Testa- ment have been issued by leading publishers in the United States, but it does not fall within the prov- ince of this book to speak of these recent volumes. Suffice it to say that fifty-two editions of the whole New Testament in Greek were printed during the first half of this century, some in Greek alone, some in both Greek and English, or Greek and Latin, be- sides several editions of parts of the New Testament. The first copy of the New Testament in modern Greek printed in America was published by the American Bible Society in 1833. U > IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ,.^, ^? 1.0 I.I IttlM 125 ■SO ^^^ IM^^H ui Uii |2.2 2.0 H^ U£ 11.25 IIIIII.4 li M 1.6 y: "^14 / o 7 /A Photographic Sciences Corporation '%%^ 33 WiST MAIN STREiT WESSTH.N.Y. U5M (716) •72-4503 ^ m HOLY BIBLE, CONTAININO TUB OLiD AND NEW TESTAMlSlffS* lib. THIS COlakMON VERSION. WITH AWfritDMKNl^B or THE LANGUAGE, BY 'NOAH WJBB8TER, LL. D. '5W" ■ 1. , n ' ■ ^^''MHflHK^Kny NEW HAVEfIt VjJ^^[^^H^^| itnuisHBD wt wmfox m nccx. w Fac-simile of the title page of the Bible amended by Dr. Webster. Reduced size. THE WEBSTER AMENDED BIBLE. In 1833 Durrie & Peck of New Haven, Conn., is- sued a Bible " With Amendments of the Language," by Noah Webster, LL.D. The volume is an octavo of 907 pages. The high position in the literary world held by Dr. Webster naturally drew attention to and interest in his version, but unfortunately for his reputation, this attention and interest were short lived. The reasons that led him to make these "Amendments " are given in his own words in the preface, which reads : The English version of the sacred Scriptures, now in general use, was first published in the year 161 1, in the reign of James I. Although the translators made many alterations in the language of former ver- sions, yet no small part of the language is the same as that of the ver- sions made in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. In the present version, the language is, in general, correct and per- spicuous; the genuine popular English of Saxon origin; peculiarly adapted to the subjects, and in many passages, uniting simplicity with beautiful simplicity. In my view, the general style of the version ought not to be altered. But in the lapse of two or three centuries, changes have taken place, which, in particular passages, impair the beauty, in others, ob- scure the sense, of the original languages. Some words have fallen 141 142 Early Bibles. into disuse ; and the signification of others in current popular use, 3 not the same now as it was when they were introduced into the version. The effect of these changes is, that some words are not understood by common readers, who have no access to commentaries, and who will always compose a great proportion of readers; while other words, being now used in a sense different from that which they had when the translation was made, present a wrong signification, or false ideas. Whenever words are understood in a sense different from that which they had when introduced, and different from that of the original lan- guages, they do not present to the reader the Word of Ood. This circumstance is very important, even in things not the most essential ; and in essential points, mistakes may be very injurious. In my own view of this subject, a version of the Scriptures for popular use should consist of words expressing the sense which is most common, in popular usage, so that the first ideas suggested to the reader should be the true meaning of such words, according to the original languages. That many words in the present version fail to do this, is certain. My principal aim is to remedy this evil. The inaccuracies in grammar, such as which for wJw, his for its, shall for will, should for would, and others, are very numerous in the present version. There are, also, some quaint and vulgar phrases which are pot relished by those who love a pure style, and which are not in accor- dance with the general tenor of the language. To these may be added many words and phrases very offensive to delicacy, and even to de- cency. In the opinion of all persons with whom I have conversed on this subject such words and phrases should not be retained in the ver- sion. Language that cannot be uttered in company without a viola- tion of decorum, or the rules of good breeding, exposes the Scriptures to the scoffs of unbelievers, impairs their authority, and multiplies or confirms the enemies of our holy religion. These considerations, with the approbation of respectable men, the friends of religion and good judges of this subject, have induced me to undertake the task of revising the language of the common version of the Scriptures, and of presenting to the public an edition, with such amendments as will better express the true sense of the original lan- guages, and remove objections to particular parts of the phraseology. The Webster Amended Bible. 143 / In performing this task, I have been careful to avoid unnecessary innovations, and to retain the general character of the style. The principal alterations are comprised in three classes :— 1. The substitution of words and phrases now in good use, for such as are wholly obsolete, or deemed below the dignity and solemnity of the subject. 2. The correction of errors in grammar. 3. The insertion of euphemisms, words and phrases which are not very offensive to delicacy, in the place of such as cannot, with pro- priety, be uttered before a promiscuous audience. A few errors in the translation, which are admitted on all hands to be obvious, have been corrected, and some obscure passages illus- trated. In making these amendments, I have consulted the original languages, and also several translations and commentaries. In the body of the work, my aim has been to preserve, but in certain passages, more clearly to express, the sense of the present version. The language of the Bible has no inconsiderable influence in form- ing and preserving our national language. On this account, the lan- guage of the common version ought to be correct in grammatical construction, and in the use of appropriate words. This is the more important, as men who are .ccustomed to read the Bible with vener- ation, are apt to contract a predilection for its phraseology, and thus to become attached to phrases which are quaint or obsolete. This may be a real misfortune ; for the use of words and phrases, when they have ceased to be a part of the living language, and appear odd and singular, impairs the purity of the language, and is apt to create a disrelish for it in those who have not, by long practice, contracted a like predilection. It may require some effort to subdue this predilec- tion, but it may be done, and for the sake of the rising generation it is desirable. The language of the Scriptures ought to be pure, chaste, simple and perspicuous, free from any words or phrases which may excite observation by their singularity, and neither debased by vulgar- isms, nor tricked out with the ornaments of affected elegance. As there are diversities of taste among men, it is not to be expected that the alterations I have made in the language of the version will please all classes of readers. Some persons will think I have done too little, others too much. And probably the result would be the 144 Early Bibles. same, were a revision to be executed by any other hand, or even by the joint labors of many hands. All I can say is, that I have exe- cuted this work in the manner which, in my judgment, appeared to be the best. To avoid giving offense to any denomination of Christians, I have not knowingly made any alteration in the passages of the present ver- sion on which the different denominations rely for the support of their peculiar tenets. In this country there is no legislative power which claims to have the right to prescribe what version of the Scriptures shall be used in the churches or by the people. And as all human opinions are falli- ble, it is doubtless for the interest of religion that no authority should be exerted in this case, except by commendation. At the same time, it is very important that all denominations of Christians should use the same version, that in all public discourses, treatises, and controversies, the passages cited as authorities should be uniform. Alterations in the popular version should not be frequent ; but the changes incident to all living languages render it not merely expedient, but necessary, at times, to introduce such alterations as will express the true sense of the original languages in the current language of the age. A version thus amended may require no altera- tion for two or three centuries to come. In this undertaking, I subject myself to the charge of arrogance ; but I am not conscious of being actuated by any improper motive. I am aware of the sensitiveness of the religious public on this subject, and of the difficulties which attend the performance. But all men whom I have consulted if they have thought much on the subject, seem to be agreed in the opinion, that it is high time to have a revi- sion of the common version of the Scriptures, although no person appears to know how, or by whom, such revision is to be executed. In my own view, such revision is not merely a matter of expedience, but of moral duty ; and as I have been encouraged to undertake this work by respectable literary and religious characteis, I have ventured to attempt a revision, on my own responsibility. If the work should fail to be well received, the loss will be my own, and I hope no injury will be done. I have been painfully solicitous that no error should The Webster Amended Bible. 145 escape me. The reasons for the principal alterations introduced will be found in the explanatory notes. The Bible is the chief moral cause of all that is good and the best correcter of all that is evil in human society ; the best book for regu- lating the temporal concerns of men, and the only book that can serve as an infallible guide to future felicity. With this estimate of its value, I have attempted to render the English version more useful, by correcting a few obvious errors, and removing some obscurities, with objectionable words and phrases ; and my earnest prayer is, that my labors may not be wholly unsuccessful. N. W. New Haven, September, 1833. After this elaborate preface much was to be ex- pected of the new version. The extent and character of the " Amendments " may be judged somewhat from the verses that follow : Old Text. Gen. xxiv. 63. And Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the eventide. Exodus vii. 7. And Moses was fourscore years old^ and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh. I Sam. ix. 14. And they went up into the city : and when they were come into the city, behold, Samuel came out against them, for to go up to the high place. Job i. i. There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job ; and that man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil. Amended Text. Gen. xxiv. 63. And Isaac went out to meditate in the field at even- ing. Exodus vii. 7. And Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron eighty and three years old, when they spoke to Pharaoh. I Sam. ix. 14. And they went up into the city : and when they had come into the city, behold, Samuel came out meeting them, to go up to the high place. Job i. i. There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job ; and that man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and shunned evil. 146 Early Bibles. Old Ttxt. PsAi,M ? xviii. 26. With the pure thou wilt show thyself pure ; and with the fro\7ard thou wilt show thyself froward. Proverbs xxvii. 25. The hay appeareth, and the tender grass showeth itself, and herbs of the mountains are gathered. Daniel iii. 22. Therefore be- cause the king's commandment was urgent, and the furnace ex- ceeding hot, the flame of the fire slew those men that took up Sha- drach, Meshach, and Abednego. Matt. iii. 4. And the same John had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins ; and his meat was locusts and wild honey. V. 41. And whosoever shall com- pel thee to go a mile, go with him twain. Luke ii. 44. But they, suppos- ing him to have been in the com- pany, went a jday's journey ; and they sought him among their kins- folk and acquaintance. XV. 27. And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound. xvii. 9. Doth he thank that ser- vant because he did the things that were commanded him? I trow not. Amended Text. Psalms xviii. 26. With the pure thou wilt show thyself pure ; and with the froward thou wilt con- tend. Proverbs xxvii. 25. The plant appeareth, and the tender grass showeth itself, and herbs of the mountains are gathered. Daniel iii. 22. Therefore be- cause the king's commandment was urgent, and the furnace ex- ceeding hot, the flame of the fire killed those men that took up Sha- drach, Meshach, and Abednego. Matt. iii. 4. And the same John had his raiment of camel's hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins ; and his food was locusts and wild honey. V. 41. And whoever shall con- strain thee to go one mile, go with him two. Luke ii. 44. But they suppos- ing him to be in the company, went a day's journey ; and they sought him among their relations and ac- quaintimce. XV. 27. And he said to him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him in health. xvii. 9. Doth he thank that ser- vant because he did the things that were commanded him? I suppose not. The Webster Amended Bible. 147 Old Text. Amended Text. Heb. xi. 9. By faith he so- Heb. xi. 9. By faith he so- journed in the land of promise, as journed in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in in a foreign country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same the heirs with him of the same promise. promise. a John II. Hethatbiddethhim 3 John ii. He that wisheth God speed is partaker of his evil him happiness, is partaker of his deeds. evil deeds. It will be seen at once that the changes made were unimportant, that they had to do with minor things, and that they added nothing to a smoother or clearer rendering of Scripture. The whole work shows an inability to grasp the subject. Mr. Scudder says : " It was in general a picayune revision sufficient to annoy those who had an ear for the old version, and really offering only such positive helps in in- terpretation as were generally in the possession of fairly educated men. That he should have done the work at all, and have done it so faintly, is what sur- prises the reader."^ Further, Mr. Scudder says of Dr. Webster : " He had unlimited confidence in himself, an almost childish ignorance of obstacles, a persis- tence which was unembarrassed by the indifference of others, and from his long-continued occupation, a habit of magnifying the trivial. He had not in such a work as this the qualifications of a scholar ; he had 1 Horace E. Scudder's " Biography of Noah Webster," pp. 176, 177. 148 Early Bibles. simply the training of a schoolmaster ; he was igno- rant of what he was undertaking, and his independent revision of the Bible failed to win attention, not be- cause it was audacious, but because it was not bold enough; it offered no real contribution to biblical criticism." This criticism may seem slightly severe, yet the fact stands out that the amended Bible was not a success, and its circulation was limited. It reached a second edition in 1841, but has not been repeated since. There were editions of the New Testament in 1839 and 1841. Dr. Webster, though eminently fitted to make a lexicon, was equally unfitted to improve the Bible. He was greatly disappointed that his effort did not meet with favor, and even to the end of his life clung to the hope that his amended Bible would supersede the King James translation. Individual revisions of Holy Writ have been — with a few exceptions — failures, and he added one more to the number. The Bible includes such a wide range of subjects that no one mind is sufliciently equipped to deal with them. The translations that have received the widest circulation and acceptance have been those that were the result of combined scholarship. ^\ (•»-.'»T^ 5icfitfmif%unet0^ ^ " ■ ' ' f ' EAR Facsimile of the title page of the first Bible printed in Western Pennsylvania, being the German quarto Bible published by Friedric Qoeb ^t Somerset in 18i:). Rc >v TMK KNOLISIl (OLLUQE OF RHELMS, A.NNO IflHS: wiril TUB . ORIGINAL PREFACE, AHCUMISXTH AND TABfW AbDKO, AN INTItODUCTOUY ESSAY; ANI> \ COMPLETE TOPICAL AND TEXTUAL IN1)EX. new NEW-YORK: PCBLISIIKI) IIV JONATHA.t LEAnXT, 18i, liroadwajr. B08TOK : CROCKKR AND llRBWsfEK, 47, Washingloa-iiticct. 1834. Fac-simile of the title page of the Rheimish Testament published in New York l)y Jonathan Lcavitt in 18:f4. Reduced size. Early Editions of the Douay Bible. 1 5 ^ edition of the entire Bible under the supervision of Archbishop Troy. Of later editions that have ap- peared it can be said that they are modifications more or less of Dr. Challoner's versions. This is the case with Hay dock's edition of 1811, and that of Rev. P. Walsh of Dublin in 18 16. The same may be said to a great extent of the version that was issued at Dublin in 1825, under the direction of Archbishop Murray. With the hope of securing a more accurate version, Bishop Kenrick of Philadel- phia, afterward the Archbishop of Baltimore, devoted himself to making a corrected translation of the Douay Bible. The Four Gospels were printed in 1849 by Dunigan & Brother, 151 F'ulton Street, New York. Archdeacon Cotton says : " The trans- lation is carefully executed, and the numerous notes are short, clear, and often highly instructive. Although the bishop adheres to the distinctive inter- pretation of his Church, there is not throughout the entire volume a single uncharitable sentiment nor a harsh and irritating expression toward those of an- other communion." The Acts of the Apostles, the Psalms, Job, the Pentateuch, and the historical books of the Old Testament were issued at later dates. The editions of the Douay Bible generally used in this country are those of Challoner, Troy, and Ken- rick. Dr. Challoner's version has the largest circu- 158 Early Bibles. lation. Mr. J. R. Dore, in his book entitled " Old Bibles," makes a comparison in parallel columns of the Douay version of 1610 and the edition of 1853, and says:' " Greater changes have been made in the various editions of the Douay Bible than in any other English version." Mr. John Gilmary Shea, a biblio- graphical authority, in speaking of the Bibles and Testaments of the Latin Church says:- "Very few are exact reprints of any previous edition, but that, in fact, there are nearly as many versions, or at least recensions, as there are editions, and that the names Rheims and Douay have become actual misnomers." The Council of Trent in 1546 declared the Latin Vulgate to be the standard version of Scripture, but no authority in the Roman Catholic Church has ever been exercised in deciding what shall be the accepted and sole version of the Bible in English. Mathew Carey of Philadelphia was, as we have seen in a preceding chapter, the leading publisher of Douay Bibles in this country, his edition of 1790 ranking among the early English editions. This issue was based upon Bishop Challoner's second edition of the Bible. In 1805 Carey published a quarto which is a reprint of the fifth Dublin edition. 1 "Old Hihles," p. 320. ' " nihiiographical Account of [Roman] Catholic Testaments and Other Portions of Scripture," p. 5. Early Editions of tfw Doitay BibU. 159 and the first American issue of Archbishop Troy's version of 1791. Two of the pages art' occupied with a list of names of subscribers. There is also a letter of Pius VI., and a translation of the decree of the Council of Trent. The date on the general title-page is "Oct. 15. M.DCCC.V." The New Tes- tament was also published separately in 1805, 'i"^^ again in 181 1 and 1816. Mr. Carey in time drifted into the publication of Bibles after the King James translation, and ultimately his extensive business was wholly given to this version. The first edition of the New Testament in French in the United States appeared in 18 10. " La Nouveau Testament de Notre Seigneur Jesus- Christ en Fran?ais Sur la Vulgate. Traduction de L. M. de Sacy. Revue sur les Meilleures editions. Vol. I. Boston : De I'imprimerie de J. T. Bucking- ham. 1 8 10." There are two octavo volumes. The translation is a corrected version of that originally made by Le Maistre de Sacy at Mons in 1667. The edition is without notes, and l.as the approbation of Bishop Cheverus of Boston. In 1817 William Duffy of Georgetown, D. C, printed a i2mo New Testament which conformed to the Dublin editions of 181 1 and 18 14. It contains the approbation of the Archbishop of Baltimore. In i6o Early Bibles. the back of the book Mr. Duflfy publishes his inten- tions of issuing a quarto edition of the Douay Bible, " illustrated with plates jy the first artists in Amer- ica." These proposals never materialized. In the year 1819 the American Bible Society printed a duodecimo New Testament in Spanish which was probably the first in that language in this country. The translation is after the Latin Vulgate. In 1824 the society published the entire Bible in Spanish. The book is an octavo, in which the text covers 1 1 79 pages. Mr. Shea writes : " This edition omits the notes, but seems otherwise unexception- able." The American Bible Society also published an edition of the Spanish Bible in 1830. The book is, however, incomplete, as the first and second Books of Maccabees are omitted. The same society pub- lished a 32mo Testament in Spanish in 1837. In 1838 they issued a French Testament of the same size, and a i2mo Portuguese Testament in 1839. All these were translations from the Latin Vulgate. In later years these editions were discontinued, as a law of the American Bible Society provides that *' the only copies in the English language to be circulated by the society shall be of the version in common use." Eugene Cummiskey of Philadelphia was a prolific publisher of Douay Bibles through many years. His first edition was an octavo printed in 1824. > I ' Early Editions of the Dotiay Bible. i6i Title-page : " The Holy Bible, Translated from the Latin Vulgate: Diligently Compared with the He- brew, Greek, and other editions in divers languages. The Old Testament first published by the English College at Douay, A.D. 1609. And the New Tes- tament first published by the English College at Rheims, A.D. 1582. With Annotations, References, and an Historical and Chronological Index. First Stereotype, from the Fifth Dublin Edition. Newly Revised and Corrected according to the Clementine Edition of the Scriptures. Philadelphia: Published by Eugene Cummiskey. Stereotyped by J. Howe. 1824." There is an engraved frontispiece, representing Christ, St. Mary, and St. Joseph. "Admonition, Let- ter of Pius VI., A Prayer, and Decree of Council of Trent," are found before the Old Testament text, and the approbation of Dr. Troy before the text of the New Testament. The volume also secured the ap- probation of Rt. Rev. Henry Conwell, Bishop of Philadelphia. The same year Cummiskey issued a quarto Bible, which followed Dr. Troy's text. The book has ten copper-plates. The same publisher issued his folio Bible in 1825. This is a reprint of Haydock's Manchester edition of 1811-1814. It was published by subscription in 120 numbers, and the edition reached one thousand copies. It contains 1 62 Early Bibles. twenty copper-plate engravings. The book includes 776 pages devoted to the text. Between the title- page and the New Testament are twelve pages of reading matter. These are the subjects considered : " General Preface to the New Testament ; Origin of the Books ; Original Language of the Books ; Differ- ent Versions of the Scriptures into English; Dr. VVitham's Remarks to the Reader; Prayer; On Reading the Holy Scriptures ; Scripture alone cannot be the Rule of Faith and Life ; Liberty with Regard to School Opinions; Prayer; Four Evangelists; Sum of the New Testament." The Hst of sub- scribers is at the end of the book, and just before this is a folding page with the heading, " Theological History in Miniature." The Cummiskey octavo Bible of 1824, with slight variations, was reissued through many years. The same house published editions of the New Testament in 1824, 1828, 1829, 1831, 1834, 1835, 1840, 1841, 1844, and 1858. Fielding Lucas, Jr., 138 Market Street, Baltimore, issued a Bible in 1832, which was printed from the plates of Cummiskey's quarto of 1824. Mr. Lucas also published at Baltimore in 1837 a duodecimo Bible, which on the title-page contains the line, " With the approbation of the Provincial Council." In 1 83 1 he issued two editions of the New Testa- ment, the one a i2mo and the other a 32mo. The Early Editions of the Douay Bible. 163 , plates of both of these originally belonged to Cum- miskey. A duodecimo edition of the New Testament was printed in 1829 at Utica, N. Y., by William Williams, 60 Genesee Street. The stereotyped plates were owned by Mr. Nicholas Devereux, who desired to furnish the parochial schools of Utica with Testa- me^its at a reasonable price. The version follows that of Dr. Challoner, and the book received the ap- probation of the Rt. Rev. John Dubois, the Bishop of New York. There were reissues of the Devereux Testament in 1833, 1835, and 1840. The plates were then purchased by D, & J. Sadlier, 19 Carmine Street, New York, and from them the firm printed their first edition of the New Testament, in 1842. They repeated the book in 1845, 1847, and 185 1. The Sadliers in 1845 printed their first edition of the Bible, which is a quarto, containing eight copper- plate engravings. There is an engraved as well as printed title-page, the former ornamented with fig- ures of St. Peter and St. Paul. The engraved title- page of the New Testament has a vignette of " The Adoration of the Shepherds." The index at the end of the volume is followed by Ward's " Errata of the Protestant Bible." The text accords with Dr. Challoner, and the book has the approval of Bishop Hughes. This issue is practically a reprint of the 1 64 Early Bibles. Cummiskey quarto of 1824. Later editions have twenty-four plates and the approbation of the Arch- bishops of New York, Baltimore, and Cincinnati, and that of the Bishops of Albany, Boston, and BufTalo. Reissues were made in 185 1, 1852, 1853, 1856, and 1858. About 1850 Tallis, Willoughby & Co. of London and New York proposed to print a folio Bible in thirty parts. It was after Haydock's version, with corrections by Very Rev. Dr. Hamill. After six parts were issued the publishing house dissolved, when the plates were bought by D. & J. Sadlier, and the work discontinued. Dr. Allioli of the Cathedral of Ratisbon edited an edition of the Douay Bible in the German language. An American issue of this book was made by the Rev. Gabriel Rumpeler of the Redemptorist Fathers of New York, who abridged the notes of Dr. Allioli. The book is an octavo, with the date of 1850 on the Old Testament title-page, and 1852 on the New Testament title-page. It was stereotyped by Lud- wig & Co., 70 Vesey Street, New York. The pref- ace to the New Testament of this edition, by Father Rumpeler, reads as follows : The reading of the Bible has become, among the Catholic popula- tion of the United States of America, a general practice, by what authority we shall not stop to inquire. Suffice it, the universal prac- tice hath created a habit which we do not praise, neither will we / Early Editions of the Douay Bible. 165 absolutely condemn. The actual want, universally perceptible, of a German Catholic Bible approved by the Holy See, up to this time a desideratum in this country, hath induced us rather to transplant into American soil this truly literal Translation of the Holy Scriptures by Dr. Franz Allioli, which has been received with universal, undivided approbation, is widely dispersed and obtains at present in Germany an almost exclusive circulation, in order thereby to provide against the erroneous understanding of the word of God, often occasioned by the use of Protestant, as well as numerous corrupt Catholic Bibles, especially that of Van Ess. To facilitate the purchase of this Book, the editor hath thought proper to abridge the often recurring, less necessary, and more abstruse notes in the original work which have been approved by several Bishops ; yet so, that the sense thereof has now suffered a change in but very few instances which have been seen and approved by our Most Reverend Bishop Dr. John Hughes. The editor thus hopes to have supplied a pressing want, and to have merited the gratitude, of the public. The Editor, P. G. R. The plates of this edition of the Douay Bible were acquired by D. & J. Sadlier, who published two thousand copies. Eventually the same plates passed into the hands of a pubHshing house in Germany. The New Testament part was also published sepa- rately in 1852. D. & J. Sadlier in 185 1 printed Pas- torini's " General History of the Christian Church," and this book contains the Revelation of St. John. In 1833 John Doyle, 12 Liberty Street, New York, published an octavo Douay Bible. It was stereotyped by Connor & Cooke. There are four engravings. The approbations of the Bishops of 1 66 Early Bibles. New York and Charleston are printed on the back of the title-page. Dr. Murray's version of 1825 is followed. There was a reprint of this Bible in 1836, wkh a new title-page. The plates were then pur- chased by Edward Dunigan, 151 Fulton Street, New York, who issued the Bible with different styles of engravings and title-pages, through several years from the first edition in 1844. In 1852 the firm — changed to Edward Dunigan & Brother — published a quarto Bible which accorded with the Haydock of 181 1. It was edited by Rev. J. R. Bailey, who later became the Bishop of Newark, N. J., and the Rev. J. McMahon. Many corrections were made in the notes as well as in the text. The book is an im- perial quarto of 167 1 pages, liberally supplied with engravings. There are engraved letters from Pope Pius IX. and Archbishop Hughes to the publishers, followed by words of commendation from Cardinal Wiseman and eight archbishops and nineteen bishops. This Bible went through a number of reissues in after years. Mr. Dunigan published an i8mo Rheims Testament in 1845, which was reprinted nearly every year between 1850 and 1857. Arch- bishop Alemany edited a Spanish Testament which the same house issued in 1853. It is supplied with notes, and is a duodecimo in size. Archbishop Kenrick spent many years in revising Early Editions of the Donay Bible. 167 the Douay and Rheims Testaments. The work was issued in parts from time to time. The first to ap- pear was "The Four Gospels," in an octavo volume. It is dedicated " To the Hierarchy of the United States, assembled in the Seventh Provincial Coun- cil of Baltimore." The dedication is dated May 1, 1849. The book is imprinted by Edward Dunigan & Brother, 151 Fulton Street, New York, 1849. There is a general preface, and then a special preface be- fore each of the Gospels. There is a map of Pales- tine, but no engravings. The notes are explanatory and critical. From the press of the same New York publishing house came in 1851 the next volume, which included the Acts of the Apostles, the Epis- tles, and the Apocalypse. After the table of con- tents, there is a general introduction, brief notice of manuscripts, chief versions, and abbreviations. There is also a special introduction to the Acts of the Apostles, each of the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation. The text occupies 680 pages, and, like the previous volume, it is an octavo. Facing the title is a map of the countries traveled by the Apos- tles. The third part of Kenrick's version was pub- lished by Lucas Brothers, Baltimore. It is without date, except in the dedication, which is January, 1857. It includes "The Psalms, Books of Wisdom, and Canticle of Canticles." It is arranged upon the 1 68 Early Bibles. same plan as the other volumes. In 1859 "The Book of Job and the Prophets " appeared with the imprint of Kelly, Hedian & Piet, Baltimore. "The Pentateuch " came from the same publishers in the year i860. They also issued in i860 the final vol- ume, namely, " The Historical Books of the Old Testament." All the volumes are octavo, and follow a uniform method of treatment. Mr. Brownson, in his Rcviczv, says : " Archbishop Kenrick's revision of the Douay version is an immense labor, and one which has as yet been hardly appreciated according to its merits. It is a work on which has been be- stowed a vast amount of rare and valuable learning ; every text, every word, seems to have been the ob- ject of diligent study, and of careful comparison with the original text. Few persons, till they compare the two, will suspect its very great superiority over our common Douay Bibles, either in accuracy or elegance." Archbishop Francis P. Kenrick was born at Dub- lin, Ireland, December 3, 1797, and received his ecclesiastical education in the College of the Propa- ganda at Rome. He was ordained priest in 1821, and appointed to preside over St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown, Ky. He was consecrated bishop in 1830, and became coadjutor to Bishop Conwell, Early Editions of the Donay Bible. 169 / whose place in Philadelphia he filled at Conwell's death. He was much interested in the education of young men, and founded at Philadelphia the Theo- logical Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo. In 1851 he was made the Archbishop of Baltimore. In 1852 he presided as apostolic delegate over the first Plenary Council of his church held in the United States. He died at Baltimore in 1863. He was the author of a number of theological books, but his chief work was his revision of the Douay Bible. In 1834 an edition of the Rheims Testament was given to the public in a peculiar form. The title- page runs: "The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ ; Translated out of the Latin Vulgate, diligently Compared with the Original Greek, and first published by the English College at Rheims, anno 1582. With the Original Preface, Arguments and Tables, Marginal Notes, and Annotations. To which are now added, an Introductory Essay, and a Complete Topical and Textual Index. New York : Published by Jonathan Leavitt, 182 Broadway. Boston : Crocker and Brewster, 47 Washington Street. 1834." This is an octavo volume of 458 pages. The re- verse side of the title-page contains the certificate of 170 Early Bibles. copyright, dated 1833. Then follow "Notice, Rec- ommendations, and Certificate." These are here printed in full. NOTICE. The following recommendations of this edition of the Rhemish Testament, by Ministers of the Gospel, and others, of various tienominiu tions, will unfold the importance of the work, as a book of reference for all persons who desire to comprehend genuine Popery. RECOMMENDATION. Those who take an interest in the controversy now pending in the United States between the Protestants and Romanists, no doubt feel desirous of seeing exhibited, in the most authentic and unexception- able manner, the genuine principles of Romanism, set forth, not by individuals whose statements and opinions it may be convenient to disavow, but by public and accredited bodies. Such a publication is the translation of the New Testament, made and given to the world at Rheims, in 1582. In this translation, and the notes which accom- pany it, we see what Roman Catholics were at that time willing to avow, and what they have been ever since willing to avow, as contu i, ing their views of Christian doctrine of worship. We rejoice that an American edition of this work is contemplated ; and we hope Ameri- can Protestants will read and understand it. This is signed by twenty-two ministers. The first signature is that of Rev. J. S. Cannon, D.D., of New Brunswick, N. J. RECOMMENDATION. For the republication of the Roman Catholic New Testament, with all the Notes, as first published at Rheims, in the year 1582. The Subscribers deem it of special importance, at the present time, that the Rhemish translation of the New Testament, containing An- notations or Notes, defending the Doctrines and Worship of the Papacy, as published at Rheims, A.D. 1582, should be reprinted. Early Editions of the Douay Bible. 1 7 1 This edition, as it contains all the notes, should be carefully exam- ined by all who feel an interest in the existing controversy between Protestants and Romanists. — September, 1833. This is signed by one hundred and five ministers of various denominations, headed by the Rev. Rufus Anderson of Boston. Three laymen also added their signatures. CERTIFICATE. We have compared this New York edition of the Romish Testa- ment and Annotations with the first publication of that volume, which was issued at Rheims in 1 582 ; and after examination, we do hereby certify, that the present reprint is an exact and faithful copy of the original work, without abridgment or addition, except that the Latin of a few phrases which were translated by the annotators, and some unimportant expletive words were undesignedly omitted. The orthog- raphy also has been modernized. John Breckinridge, William C. Brownlee, D.D., Thomas De Witt, D.D., Duncan Dunbar, Archibald Maclay, William Patton. Notwithstanding this declaration, there is a differ- ence in many places in the preface and notes be- tween this New York edition and the original Rheims Testament of 1582. O'Callaghan has shown this by quoting and comparing twenty- seven passages, and says these comprise a "few extracts." Following the " Certificate " is an 173 Early Bibles. INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS To I'n>hsta$its, It is a remarkable fact, that nutuithstanding the Vulgate New Testament, as it was tran>lati'«r of editions, and their original annotations, either more ur less extensively, have been added to the text; yet as soon as it is appealed to as an authority, the Roman I'riests deny both the value of the book, and the obligation of the Papists to believe its contents. We have a very striking modern instance to prove this dcceitfulness. The Douay llil)le is usually so called; because although the New Testament was first translated and published at Rheims, yet the Old Testament was printed some years after at Douay ; the Knglish Jesuits having removed their monastery from Rheims to Douay, before their version of the Old Testament was completed. In the year 1816, an editiresented to Protes- tants as (genuine. The ori(;inal and the suppressed editions contain len(;thencd annotations on all the do|;inas of Komanism ; but Prt)tcs- tunt monc)' (.anmit mno buy a copy of those editions in the United States. They ore reserved for the initiated " fitit/i/nl" only, who can obtain an order for that purpose from the Vicars-General of the different Romish dioceses. The Douay llible, and the various editions of the Khemish Testa- ment published in this country are approved and denieil in a manner exactly similar. If Protestants exhibit the errors in doctrine which they promulye, the palpal)le incorrectness of the translations, and the corruption which is inculcated in the notes; tliey are instantly told that the l)ook is of no obligation, that the notes are the private opinions of individuals only; and, consequently, that the Papists us a commu- nity are not responsible for the unauthorized act or sentiments of any one person — notwithstanding, it is undeniable, that the Romanists in the United States receive those doctrines as infallible; and practice them whenever their Priests enjoin their obedience. In this republic, it is the unvarying practice to deny both the gen- uineness and the authority of every work which contains the most dangerous articles in the baneful creed of the Romanists. It is of no importance in their estimate, by wh.it monastic order their dogmas were adopted and practised; or by how many Popes and Councils they have been approved. The repulsive theories: and pernicious re- sults of the Popish system are bluntly denied ; thereby to conceal the abominations of the apocalyptic Habylon, and to mask " the mystery of inicjuity. " All the grosser idolatry, pollutions and malignity, which are con- tinually taught in their Catechisms, and enforced in their Confessionals, are not yet appended to t/wir text of the Scriptures, as an infallible exposition, in the editions published in the United States ; although the Euro]iean copies are constantly iniported, and privately sold to those Papists who can read, and who can purchase, or by any other means obtain the priestly dispensation to peruse them — and therefore. 174 Early Bibles. when the Roman Priests are charged with thus implanting in the minds and hearts of their disciples all antichristian heresy, and per- verseness, and revenge ; they deny the fact, and appeal to the ordinary mutilated Romish comments upon the Scriptures as their justification. Three years ago a series of extracts from this original edition of the Rhemish Testament was published in the New-York Protestant, which were denied by the Papists, and disbelieved by the members of the Reformed churches ; because in the common editions, none of those notes are embodied. Circumstances, however, in Divine Providence have since tran- spired, which demand the reprint of the Romish Testament complete, as it was first published at Rheims in 1582. T. Hartwell Home, in his "Introduction to the Critical Study and Kno^i'ledge of the Holy Scriptures" (Vol. II. page 246), thus writes in reference to the work, of which this volume is an exact and un- abridged copy, without addition or alteration ; except that the orthog- raphy has been necessarily modernized. " In the year 1582, the Romanists finding it impossible to withhold the Scriptures any longer from the common people, printed an English New Testament at Rheims ; which was translated not from the original Greek, but from the Latin Vulgate. The editors, whose names are not known, re- tained the words azy/ues, tunike, holocaust, pasche, and a multitude of other Greek words untranslated, under the pretext of wanting proper and adequate English terms by which to render them ; and thus con- trived to render it unintelligible to common readers. Hence, the historian Fuller took occasion to remark, that it was a translation '-cohich needed to be translated,^ and that its editors ' by all means laboured to suppress the light of truth under one pretext or other.' " From the original volume, the ensuing work has been exactly printed ; and it is believed, that this is the only perfect edition of the Rhemists' version, with their original annotations, " cum superioruvi periiffssH, with the permission of their superiors," which has been issued from the press during the last 215 years. As a work of this character would have been almost useless, with- out a complete topical and textual Index, no labour or pains have been spared to -ender it perfect. According to ancient custom, the principal subject of each note in the original work was mentioned in Early Editions of the Douay Bible. 175 the margin. All these have been incorporated in the Index, and usu- ally in the precise words of the Annotators, so that the phraseology even of the terms is in the Author's antiquated form. Probably it may be asked ; why was this edition of the Rhemish Testament published? and why is the Papal poison which it dissemi- nates vended without the Christian antidote? — In reply to 'hese in- quiries ; it must be observed — the American people and particularly the Churches of Christ in the United States, until recently have dis- played a n)orl)id incredulity in reference to the Papal system, and an almost settled determination not to be convinced of the " damnable heresies " and soul-killing abominations of Popery. To extirpate this deadly distemper, it is indispensable to administer a strong and plenteous surfeit ; which shall excite an irresistible necessity for both the counteracting antidote and the healthful restorative. This volume is a genuine, minute, and strikingly exact portraiture of the Papacy, delineated by their own Master Artists. The Roman Priests and the Jesuits know, that this, their Babylonian image, will not be worshipped by Americans. The external drapery, however gorgeous and imposing, is too thin to conceal the interior deformity ; and therefore they have craftily withheld their dominant goddess from Protestant scrutiny; we only perform that duty, which, in the present state of Romanism in the United States, they are not sufificiently dar- ing to execute. This Popish volume, we trust, will be duly examined by our Prot- estant Brethren ; especially, as it is intended to publish uniform with this unspeakably fallacious comment, the replies of Fulke and Cart- wright to the Rhemish annotations. A more acceptable and well- timeil present cannot be offered to American Christians and citizens. The character of these Protestant Champions may be accurately com- preheniled by another quotation from Home's Introduction to the Scriptures; "Our learned countryman, Thomas C.irtwright, was so- licited by Sir Francis Waisingham, to refute this translation ; but after he had made consideralile progress in this work, he was prohibited from proceeding further by Archbishop Whitgift ; who judging it im- proper that the defense of the doctrine of the Church of England should be committed to a Puritan, appointed Dr. William Fulke in his place. By him the divines of Rheims were refuted with great / 1 176 Early Bibles. spirit and ability. Fulke's work appeared in 1617; and in the follow- ing year, Cartwright's confutation was published under the auspices of Archbishop Abbot ; both of them were accompanied with the Rhemish translation of rhe New Testament. To this testimony it may justly be added — their almost unequalled erudition, their high-toned evangelical principles, their powerful rea- sonings, their accumulated historical knowledge, their caustic wit, their indignant sarcasm, and their pungent exposures of the grand "Mystery, Babylon the Great," combine an exhaustless store- house of the purest didactic and profoundest controversial theology ; and we hope, that they will speak in all their power and eflficacy to modern Americans, as they did to our Puritan ancestors. The replies of Fulke and Cartwright to the Jesuits of Rheims, were both pub- lished exactly at the period when our glorified Brethren were prepar- ing to migrate from Europe across the Atlantic in search of that lib- erty of conscience which James I. and his profligate associated despots, in church and state, refused them in Britain. Fulke, although a min- ister of the English established church, was a decided anti-sectarian Christian Philanthropist ; and his persecuted Brother Cartwright was an unflinching evangelical combatant for gospel truth ; and an advo- cate for civil and religious freedom, not less bold, iiirepid, and per- severing, than those dignitaries who shall be " held in everlasting re- membrance," John Owen, William Russel, John Locke, and George Washington. This volume is confidently recommended to our Christian Brethren of all denominations ; with fervid prayer to Immanuel, the Prince and Saviour of his church, that with its associated successor, it may con- stitute a " standard against the enemy who conieth in like a flood," effectually lifted up by the Spirit of the Lord. New York, November, 1833. Mr. Shea says ^ of this address that it " is a mar- vel of historical and bibliographical ignorance." This 1 " Bibliographical Account of [Roman] Catholic Bibles, Testa- ments, and Other Portions of Scripture," p. i^. Early Editions of the Doiiay Bible. 177 /■ Rhemish Testament of 1834 was stereotyped, but it went through but one edition. In 1850 Hewett & Spooner, 106 Liberty Street, New York, published an edition of the New Testa- ment from the Latin Vulgate. It was issued in parts, the first number appearing in 1848. It is illustrated with nearly one hundred and fifty woodcuts after original drawings by W. H. Hewett. The pages are also ornamented with marginal illustrations and ornate initial letters. The book contains the approbation of Archbishop Eccleston, and of Bish- ops Hughes, Kenrick, Rappe, Blanc, Reynolds, and Whelan. "This edition," says Shea,^ "does not pretend to be the Rhemish or Challoner's. It was edited by the Rev. James McMahon of New York, who revised it by the Vulgate and not only made it conform to the division of verses in the Clementine edition, but in translating availed himself of the Greek, and in the Epistles of St. Paul of the light which Hebrew throws on the Hebraisms of that Apostle." The plates of this Testament w^ere purchased by John Murphy & Co. of Baltimore in 1854, and they continued the publication of the book. In 1853 a Douay Bible in three quarto volumes 1 Shea's " Bibliographical Account of [Roman] Catholic Bibles, Testaments, and Other Portions of Scripture," p. 37. 178 Early Bibles. was published simultaneously in London and New York with the imprint of George. Virtue. Editions that followed have Virtue, Son & Co., Virtue, Em- mins & Co., and Virtue, Emmins & Roberts. The version is explained by the title-page in the lines : " With Useful Notes, Critical, Historical, Controver- sial, and Explanatory, selected from the most eminent Commentators, and the most able and judicious Crit- ics. By the late Rev. Geo. Leo Haydock, and other Divines. The Text carefully collated with that of the original edition, and the Annotations abridged, by the Very Rev. F. C. Husenbeth, D.D., V.G., Canon of the English Chapter." There is an illuminated title- page, followed by an engraved one, and lastly with one printed in type. It contains the approbation of Archbishop Hughes of New York, and other clergy, both English and American. This work was first printed at Bungay, in Suffolk, England, and then the plates were imported into the United States. The New York edition came out in thirty-six parts. There are twenty-eight engravings in the Old Tes- tament and sixteen in the New. As nearly as can be ascertained, sixty editions of the Douay Bible have been published in this country. This does not include the printing of separate books of the Bible, the Epistles and Gospe.'s of the Chris- tian year, and portions of Scripture in books of de- votion or instruction. ;7ij' «i liiK 'M irBW TB8TAMBNT or OUR LORD AND KAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST; TRAHtLATKlD OIT Ot Zm arfgtnal etmh, 'iAJIMGK!l'XLT F?S'i cnMPAHJ:0 AND Rtvtstn. I .|.,jj. -ijixT OK THE COMMON TllAXSJUiTIOK It ABSAilVKn IV VARMBAMM, SVCR At T« tlRtX RK^VIBM; TRt ): vwvuaxsi itt tUArtKP* Anjt vKMxt KBiffo aoTcn lir TRB MAKOtff. «' BTJABKES HOtJBSE VrVOMT IM TBK THSOtOQICAI. RKMIRARV, f BTXCBTDS, H, J. PUBLISHED BY G. & C. CARVltL 1837. Fao-eimile of the title page of the Paragraph New Testament published, by Q. & C. Carvill in New York in 1827. Exact size. EARLY PARAGRAPH BIBLES. ! Paragraph Bibles have been extensively used in the United States, and various editions have appeared from time to time. The earlier issues were confined to the New Testament. The first offered to the public was printed in Boston : " Revised Testament. The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. In which the Text of the Common Version is divided into para- graphs, the Punctuation in many cases altered, and some words, not in the Original, expunged. Stereo- typed by T. H. Carter & Co., Boston. Published by Cummings, Hilliard & Co., No. i Cornhill. 1824" The book is a duodecimo of 297 pages. It is indorsed by no editor on the title-page, though the copyright is in the name of John H. VVilkins. A Paragraph Testament appeared in the same city in 1827, stereotyped by David Hills, and printed by F. Ingraham and J. Putnam. The sections follow those of Griesbach, and the punctuation that of Knapp's Greek Testament. The book Is an 8vo of 179 i8o Early Bibles. 499 pages. The only indication of editorship is in the initials, " B. G.," with which the Advertise- ment is signed. There was a reissue of this book in 1831, by Stimpson & Clapp of Boston. The first edition of the entire Bible printed in the paragraph form was issued in 1828. The size is a 24mo of 807 pages, without preface. Title-page : " The Holy Bible, containing the Old Testament and the New; Translated out of the Original Tongues, and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised. Stereotyped by J. Howe, Philadelphia. New York: Published by Daniel D. Smith, No. 190 Greenwich Street. 1828." William Andrus in 1842 published at Hartford, Conn., a small Bible arranged on the same plan. There were two editions of Paragraph Testaments and Bibles that were received with special favor, and had a large circulation, the one edited by the Rev. James Nourse, and the other by the Rev. Dr. Coit. Mr. Nourse edited his first Paragraph Testament while he was a student in the theological seminary at Princeton. It was printed by D. A. Borrenstein of that place. Title-page : " New Testament : Arranged in par^ agraphs, such as the Sense requires ; the division of the chapters and verses being noted in the margin. By James Nourse, Student in the Theological Semi- y Early Paragraph Bibles. l8l nary, Princeton, N. J. New York: Published by G. & C. Carvill. 1827." A second edition of this book was published by the Sunday-School Union of Philadelphia in 1829. The success of the Testament induced Mr. Nourse to paragraph the whole Bible, which appeared in 1834. Title-page: "The Holy Bible, containing the Old Testament and the New, translated out of the Original Tongues : and with former Translations diligently compared and revised. The Text of the common Translation is arranged in Paragraphs such as the sense requires : the divisions of Chapters and Verses being noted in the margin, for Reference. By James Nourse. Boston : Perkins, Marvin & Co. Philadelphia: Henry Perkins. 1834." The book is a i2mo, supplied with preface, and having 1264 pages. Editions of the same Bible were published in 1835 and 1836 in Philadelphia, and in 1845 by Andrus & Son, of Hartford, Conn., and in 1848 by the American and Foreign Bible Society at New York. The Rev. James Nourse was born in Washington, D. C, on April 30, 1805. He graduated at Jeffer- son College in 1823, and Princeton Theological Seminary in 1827. His ministerial services began with the Presbyterian congregation at Germantown, I82 Early Bibles. Pa., where he remained from 1828 to 1830. His next charge was at East Kishacoquillas, Pa., which lasted from 1831 to 1834. He was then called to Perry ville, Pa., where he Ir.bored from 1834 to 1849. The last four years of his life were devoted to teach- ing at Washington, D. C. His death took place at Salem, la., July 6, 1854. The Paragraph Bible edited by Rev. Dr. Coit was published in Boston in 1834. Title-page : " The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments ; Translated out of the Original Tongues, and with the former translations diligently compared and revised, by the Command of King James I. Arranged in Paragraphs and Parallelisms, with Philological and Explanatory Annotations. By T. \V. Coit, D.D., Rector of Christ Church, Cam- bridge. Cambridge : Printed by and for Manson and Grant. Boston: Published by William Peirce, and sold by all Booksellers throughout the United States. 1834." This Bible is a duodecimo of 1193 pages. "The Editor's Preface " covers six pages, followed by "The Translators to the Reader," on eleven closely printed pages. Then we have a table " Of the Jewish and other Measures, Weights and Coins men- tioned in the Scriptures," also " Table of Measures, Weights and Coins " arranged so as to show " the Early Paragraph Bibles. 183 relative proportion of each, with its value according to the American standard." " On the Jewish and Roman modes of computing time mentioned in Scripture " follows. The verbal difficulties are explained, and chronol- ogy noted in the margins. This Bible is of interest from the fact that it was the first Bible printed in America that contained " The Address of the Trans- lators to the Reader" as it appeared in the King James vrision of 161 1. Dr. Coit says in his preface : "Another accompa- niment of King James's Bible was the Translators' Preface, or their Address to the Reader. How this has fallen into such desuetude and neglect, as to be scarce even in England, while the Dedication, which wants in critical value as much as it abounds in panegyric, has been printed hundreds of times by king-disliking republicans, it is not easy to conjec- ture. For, as a document gratifying to the curious, it might be supposed worthy no infrequent repeti- tion, and as a document for the ecclesiastical historian and the critic, it is of a species the foremost in value. What exigencies occasioned the translation in use ? How and by whom was it attempted and superin- tenued? What leading objects were kept in view in the completion of the work ? By what spirit were Its authors prompted ? Under what rules did they 1 84 Early Bibles. act, and what objections were raised against th»ir labors? These, and questions akin to them, are full of moment, to all who wish to ascertain what gave our present Bible its origin, and the standard for testing its merits." Further, Dr. Coitsays: "The Editor must enjoy a few grains of satisfaction, even if with many his labors are thankless, in being the first to offer his countrymen a Bible which, in some respects, is nearer the book issued by our Translators, than any ever published on this side of the Atlantic. Indeed, though he has seen many American Bibles, it has never yet been his fortune to meet with one (except the late imperfect reprint of the Comprehen- sive Bible) containing the Translators' Address, with all their various readings." The New Testament was printed separately in an ' dition by the same house in the same year. Dr. Coit's Bible was reprinted in London in 1838. An edition of the New Testament with copious notes arranged by the Rev. George Townsend, which had gained a wide circulation in England, was revised and paragraphed by Dr. Coit and published in Bos- ton in 1837. The Old Testament part was treated in a like manner, and appeared from the press of Perkins & Marvin in 1838, and again in 1839. The Rev. Thomas W. Coit, D.D., was born at New London, Conn., June 28, 1803. He was edu- Early Paragraph Bibles. 185 cated at Yale College, graduating in the class of 1 82 1. He became the rector of St. Peter's Church, Salem, Mass., in 1827, and two years later was called to Christ Church, Cambridge, in the same diocese. He entered upon his third charge, that of Trinity Churc!., New Rochelle, N. Y., In 1839. His last parish was St. Paul's Church, Troy, N. Y., where he remained for nearly a quarter of a century. His scholarly proclivities naturally brought him into touch with educational institutions, and for a time he was a professor in Trinity Colle^;e, Hartford, Conn., and president of Transylvania College, Lexington, Ky. In 1872 he was elected professor of ecclesiastical his- tory in 'he Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn. He died at this place, January 21, 1885. Dr. Coit was the author of several books, bearing chiefly upon church history. He was an original thinker and a terse writer. He was a man of strong convictions, and equally strong and brave in express- ing them. As a scholar he made an impression upon the literature of his day. EARLY PRONOUNCING BIBLES. Pronouncing Bibles, now so frequently pub- lished, had an early start in the United States. In 1822 Israel Alger of Boston edited a i2mo Testa- ment of this kind, which for a small book has rather a weighty title-page : " The Pronouncing Testament. The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour, &c. To which is applied, in numerous words, the orthoepy of the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary: also the Classical Pronunciation of the Proper Names, as they stand in the Text — scrupulously adopted from *A Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names. By John Walker, au- thor of the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, &c.' By which * the Proper Names are accented and divided into syllables exactly as they ought to be pronounced, according to rules drawn from analogy and the best usage.' To which is prefixed, An Explanatory Key. By Israel Alger, Jun., A.M., Teacher of Youth, Author of Elements of Orthography, and the New 186 THB HOLY BIBLE, •Mn*uin tMUD iilllD IQllT VS8TiVSIlIIV8$ nunufM OUT OF THE ORIGINAL TONGUES, An wtm Tint TKANaLATKMIS DIUGESITLY (XMIPAUD AND BEVUBD: .■! ■ nonm uaii e» wmea, a«s ugaiBovi wan wont, ttna AeenunuT Acenms n tbi tut, aid nmio nm •«ua*u>, *• wur ongBr to ■■ •■•to, ACtauiira to tm omioirT o» ion «Atua,Ai wiTAn^s m ■■• cutkal rioKoiiiKim - DMnoRAiir Am ur TO TMi ciAMiCAi rwimciATioir or oms, lATiK, Am Kurrimc morim iaioi. BY ISRAEL ALGER, JVK. A. M. mrano ahd rvBuama mr Lincouf * amuam, Ko. fiO,WMhiD(M»inMi, (Sa^Cbnkili.) mMEorms w «, ■. cABtw ft co. -^ PajMtlmlle of the title page of the Alger Pronoiiiiciiig Bible printed by Lincoln and iulmauds at Boston in 1825. Ueduced size. Early Pronouncing Bibles, 187 Practical Book-Keeper. Boston: Printed and Pub- lished by Lincoln & Edmands, No. 53 Cornhill. 1822." The same edition was reissued in 1823, 1828, 1830, and 1836. In 1825 Jeremiah Goodrich edited a New Testa- ment very much upon the same plan, though it is also known as the Definition Testament. It is a i2mo, with an elaborate title-page, which reads: " New Testament, &c. From which is selected an Exte"'"*vaV "* i.ent. The words are arranged in Col- umns and placed over the chapters respectively from which they are selected ; and are divided, de- fined, and pronounced according to the authorities of the celebrated John Walker. The words in the Vocabulary and their corresponding words in the Text are marked with characters of reference. To which 's prefixed Walker's Explanatory Key, gov- erning the Vocabulary. Embellished with several Engravings of Sacred characters. By Jeremiah Goodrich. Albany: Published and Sold wholesale and retail by S. Shaw, Proprietor of the copyright for the United States. 1825." The book contains 333 pages, and is supplied with a " Table of Simple and Diphthongal Vowels." The 1 88 Early Bibles. certificate of copyright on the back of the title-page is dated 12 Oct. 1824. Mr. Alger not only edited the Pronouncing New Testament, but extended the plan to the entire Bible, the first edition of which appeared in 1825. It is an octavo volume of 932 pages. The general title-page contains a vignette of Moses striking the rock, and the New Testament title-page a repre- sentation of Christ sending forth His disciples. The title-page is in these words: "The Pronounc- ing Bible. The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments; Translat.d out of the Original Tongues, and with the former Translations dili- gently compared and revised. (Exodus xvii. 6.) The proper Names of which, and numerous other words, being accurately accented in the Text and divided into syllables, as they ought to be pronounced, ac- cording to the Orthoepy of John Walker, as con- tained in his critical pronouncing Dictionary and Key to the Classical pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture proper Names. By Israel Alger, Jun., A.M. Boston: Printed and Published by Lincoln & Edmands, No. 59 Washington-Street (53 Cornhill). Stereotyped by T. H. Carter & Co. 1825." There was a reissue of this Bible with new title- pages in 1826 by the same publishers. In later years the Alger Bible was issued by other firms. / / Early Pronouncing Bibles. 189 In time John Wulker's Dictionary ceased to be used, but the Pronouncing Bibles continued to be pub- lished, based upon more recent authorities. The Rev. William L. Chaffin thus writes of the editor of the tirst Pronouncing Testament:^ "The Rev. Israel Alger, son of Israel and Rachael (Howard) Alger, was born in Easton, June 3, 1787. He became early interested in religion, and began tio preach in the Baptist Church at West Bridgewater when only nineteen years old. He then fitted himself for Brown University, from which he was graduated in 181 1, receiving later the degree of A.M. He re- turned home to preach, but was not strong enough to discharge the duties of a minister. He therefore removed to Boston and established a private school, being for a few years master also of the old Mayhew School. He was, with one exception, more of a literary character than any other son of Easton, though his books were not very original, being mainly adaptations of school-books, chiefly gram- matical and linguistic. He published a new ' Practi- cal Book-Keeper,* and in 182 1 the 'Elements of Orthography.' In 1823 and 1824 he published a number of Lindley Murray's works, which he re- vised and improved ; among them were * The Pro- nouncing Introducer,' ' The Pronouncing English 1 " History of the Town of Easton, Mass.," p. 693, I90 Early Bibles. Reader,' ' The English Teacher or Private Learner's Guide,' ' Murray's English Exercises,' and ' Alger's Murray.' The latter is highly spoken of. In 1825 he published ' Alger's Perry,' which is a revised spelling-book. He died in Easton, September 23, 1825." \v Learner's I 'Alger's In 1825 1 revised tnber 2^, / THE s t HOJLY BIBLE, tMTArsixn rmt OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS: 1 t tMJasuxna ovt o» THE ORIGINAL TONGUES. J^KS WITS TIffi FORMER TRANSL.\TIONS DIUGENTLY COMPARED AND REVISED. NEW-YORK: \V STEMOTWED A»0 rniKTED >T ». b «. ,„„, 1815. FacHsimile of the title page of the flrst Bible printed ia America from stereotyped plates made in the United States. Kxuct size. FIRST STEREOTYPED EDITIONS. William Ged of Edinburgh, who was the inven- tor of stereotyping, applied this process in producing books in 1725, in London. He was not very suc- cessful, as he issued but two publications, first a prayer-book, and then a copy of Sallust. So the first book that was stereotyped was a book that contained portions of the Holy Scriptures. During Ged's lifetime his invention did not become general. Firmin Didot, a member of a family of noted printers of France, revived the art in 1795, and printed a large number of books in this way. He gave it the designation by which it is known, that of " stereotyping." Karl Hildebrand, the Count of Canstein, became deeply interested in the circulation of the Scriptures, and established at Halle, Germany, in 17 10, the Bible Society bearing his name. In 1 712 he issued a ster- eotyped edition of the New Testament, which was published at so slight a cost that it sold for a sum equivalent to eight cents. In 1713 he issued the 191 192 Early Bibles. entire German Bible in stereotyped form. In the year 1805 stereotyping was again used in England, and ere long was extensively employed in book- making. There were early efforts at stereotyping in this country that did not succeed. Thomas writes:' "About the year 1775 an attempt at stereotype printing was made by Benjamin Mecom, printer, nephew of Dr. Franklin. He cast the plates for a number of pages of the New Testament, but never completed them." The first stereotyped Bible in the United States came from the press of the Philadelphia Bible Soci- ety in 181 2. The printing was done here, but the plates were imported from England. The British and Foreign Bible Society were interested in the undertaking, and donated five hundred dollars to the Philadelphia Society, to help defray expenses. The United States Government regarded the effort with favor, by admitting the plates free of duty. Title-page: "The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments : Translated out of the Original Tongues, and with the former Translations diligently Compared and Revised. Stereotype Edition. Ster- eotyped for the Bible Society at Philadelphia. By T. Rutt, Shackle well, London. 18 12." I Thomas's " History of Printing in America," vol. i., p. 32. First Stereotyped Editions. 193 The book is without preface, and is a duodecimo of 825 pages. The first Bible printed from stereotyped plates made in the United States came from the press of D. & G. Bruce of New York City, in 18 15. The senior member of the firm, Mr. David Bruce, was the leader in this enterprise, and to his energy and pluck the publication owes its existence. He pur- sued the idea through all difficulties, until success crowned his efforts. Title-page : " The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments : Translated out of the Original Tongues, and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised. New York : Stereotyped and Printed by D. & G. Bruce, No. 2"] William Street. 1815." The book is a i2mo of 1209 pages. On the back of the general title-page are these words : " This first American Stereotyped Bible has been copied from the Edinburgh edition printed under the revision of the General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland, and care- fully compared with the Cambridge, Oxford, Hart- ford, and New York editions." The book is without notes, but there are headings to the chapters and columns. A recent publication ^ gives the following 1 " The American Dictionary of Printing and Jdookmaking, " pp. 72, 73- 194 Eariy Bibks. account of the printer who was identified with the first stereotyping in this country : " David Bruce, the type-founder, was born in the town of Wick, County of Caithness, Scotland, on November 12, 1770. His father was a farmer who had been unfortunate in business and removed to Edinburgh with a large family. David went to sea when a boy and was impressed into the Channel fleet under Lord Howe. At nineteen he returned to Edinburgh, where, in the king's printing-office, he learned the trade of printing. Immediately after completing his term he emigrated to America, land- ing in New York in the year 1793. In 1794 he was employed by Hall & Sellers of Philadelphia, the suc- cessors to Franklin. A few years after he returned to New York, and in 1806, in conjunction with his brother George, established the firm of D. & G. Bruce, printers. They rapidly increased their business, and in 1 81 2 David Bruce determined to acquire a know- ledge of the art of stereotyping, which had then been known some ten years in Great Britain, and took passage for England. He could get no competent person to instruct him, but by close observation and the expenditure of considerable money thought he had the essential portion, and returned. In the act- ual making of plates here he was preceded by John Watts, but the latter relinquished business in 181 5 First Stereotyped Editions. 195 or 1816, and never did much work. Bruce intro- duced a number of improvements, and stereotyping soon became more common and better done here than in Great Britain. In 181 3 he and his brother also began type-founding, which increased so much that they finally abandoned both printing and stereo- typing, making letter-casting their sole busit /^ss. In 1822 they dissolved partnership, David Bruce retir- ing to a farm, but returning for a brief period to Nc .v York several years after as a type-founder. After this was concluded he spent the remainder of his days upon his farm, but died in Brooklyn on March I5> 1857, aged eighty-seven, while on a visit to hi% son, David Bruce, Jr." The first quarto Bible stereotyped in America was from the establishment of B. & J. Collins of New York, in 18 16. The stereotyping process was under the direction of John Watts, an Englishman who was well versed in the art. Title-page : " The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments: Together with ti,.- Apocry- pha: Translated out of the Original Tongues, and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised; with Canne's Mare-iiial Notes and References. To which are added, An Index ; An Alphabetical Table of a)l the Names in the Old and New Testaments with their Significations; Table 196 Early Bibles. of Scripture Weights, Measures, and Coins ; John Brown's Concordance, &c. Embellished with Maps and elegant Historical Engravings. Stereotyped by B. & J. Collins, New York. New York : Printed and Sold by Collins and Co. Sold by all the principal Booksellers in the United States. 18 16." The Bible contains Dr. "VVitherspoon's address " To the Reader," the same that appeared in the Collins edition printed at Trenton in 179 1. It has twenty copper-plate engravings and four maps. It was is- sued in two styles, the one on fine and the other on coarse paper. The type is small pica. The better edition has a larger number of plates than the cheaper form, and sold for $18.50. Some copies have the Apocrypha, and others are without it. Some have Ostervald's Notes and Concordance, and others are without these. The Concordance was the work of . the Rev. John Brown of Haddington, Scotland. The first stereotyped Bible published by the American Bible Society made its appearance in 18 16, with this title-page : " The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments : Translated out of the original Tongues, and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised. New York : Ster- eotyped by E. & J. White, for ' The New York Bible Society ' and ' The Auxiliary New York Bible Soci- ety.' 1 8 16." The New Testament title-page con- First Stereotyped Editions. 197 tains the line " Published by the American Bible Society." As this society was organized in 18 16 this is the first book bearing their imprint. The publication of this volume was anticipated by the following Circular. The great increase of Bible Societies in this Country has created a demand for the Holy Scriptures, which the present printing establish- ments that furnish them at a cheap rate appear unable to supply. It is moreover highly desirable to have a common Bible printed on a larger type than those now in use, and to be obtained at a low price. Under these impressions, the New York Bible Society and the Auxiliary New York Bible Society have determined, jointly to pro- cure a set of Stereotype plates for the Scriptures, of a letter and form combining the above mentioned advantages, in order to have it in their power to furnish sister Institutions therewith as cheap as practicable, and to the extent of existing wants. These two Societies have appointed their joint Committee, with au- thority to contract, on their behalf, for the plates, and print the first edition of this Bible. As this undertaking will occasion an expense far exceeding the funds of these Societies, the Committee are instructed to solicit contributions, and obtain such other assistance as may be necessary to carry the design into effect. A contract has been entered into with a s iilful founder in this city for a set of Stereotype plates. The first of them has been executed, and an impression therefrom is hereto anaexed, as a specimen of the typography of the work. It is expected that the whole Bible will make about 44 sheets, or 1056 pages, large duodecimo. It will probably be offered to Societies, on ordinary paper, at 50 to 55 cents per copy in sheets, and in good sheep binding at about 75 cents. It is contemplated to print some copies on fine and some on super- fine paper, for sale to booksellers and others, at a moderate advance, for the benefit of the Societies who have undertaken the work. 198 Early Bibles. It is expected that one half of the plates will be finished by the be- ginning of February next, when it is intended to begin the printing of the Bible. The first edition will probably be completed, and a num- ber of copies in sheets be ready for delivery by May next. Those who desire to obtain a quantity will please to make known their intentions to the Committee as early as practicable, in order that arrangements may be made in due season for striking off the requisite number of copies. Those Societies who may have it in their power to make advances in whole or in part, for any number of copies which they think proper to order, will be repaid out of the first edition to be published. John E. Caldwell. Samuel Whiting. Zechariah Lewis. Henry W. Warner. William B. Crosby. Robert Sedgwick. New York, Nov., 1815. It is claimed that the first folio stereotyped Bible published in the United States was printed by Silas Andrus of Hartford, Conn., in 1829. There is no reason to doubt this claim. The book has Dr. With- erspoon's preface, followed by an " Account of the Lives, Sufferings, &c., of the Evangelists and Apos- tles." The frontispiece to the Old Testament is an engraving by Balch of " Jacob and Rachel," while the frontispiece of the New Testament is a repre- sentation of " The Ascension " by the artist J. G. Kellogg. ^ , 1 ;™* ^M^ COtiliATERAIi BIBIiE} A sav lOTOft HOLY SCRIPTUIIES: Hi inam tU. not oanuHtoiaMiN tbiis mh ■Boooirr ToomiBR into onf. view, and iUUUINlUr n A rilUUM MB RUY MAimCR. BTWILUAM M Te4i>«r,Mtkin>lMHicSa<|)(timw*llMpmnr«riM. ilM.i>il.N. : « — t i l H» gqip lmn Uwy ■» llwy wMch millV oft. Mni.M. I TWyrecriTidlht (Old wttkiUimliMMiir Iliad, •ii4MiRlic4tlMMllplam4>llr,«kHkltllM«*hiii|**a«ii>> Jrttnii. II. ! CaniMriflf ipliitail Ihifigt villi ipmtiul. 1 Oir. U. 13. Ai>il,b<(iiiM(UlloK<,>iidillthcpnpta«h*ti|iMKMnMatlicminillthntd lo ii> tiM Scilpd M> iii«. 31. rorllwartlialMlll>iMlc4«iUitlwki,MtlwnMnra««rliwin. JM.ii.l4. PHtLADELPHMi PIUURHED DT SAMUEL F. BRABFOnr. r. DLPii it E. wiirre, new-voiik. I ■•amrs, raiHTKi. 1126 Kac-simile of tht> title page of the Collateral Bible printed at rhiladclphia by .Samuel K. Bradford in !82(!. Uediioed size. SPECIAL EDITIONS. As a rule, Bible societies publish the Scriptures "without note or comment." This is a wise plan, for it secures the widest circulation of the Word of God. Many editions of the Bible have come and gone, which had special features in the way of notes and pious reflections, or specialties in the shape of certain helps .'- applied by scholars. In early times, when a person bo^-ght a Bible, he found between the covers not only the Old and New Testaments, but a commentary in the notes attached, a concordance at the end, and a small dictionary in the Introduction and Tables. These special editions had their day, and fell into disuse, for very evident reasons. The numerous comments made the volume too bulky for convenience and general use. Again, the notes were likely to be one-sided, and expressive of cer- tain shades of belief, so that a man's theology might be judged by his Bible, from its being supplied with comments by Doddridge, or those of D'Oyley and Mant, However acceptable the annotations might 199 20O Early Bibles. be for a time, eventually they went out of date, and were superseded by a later scholarship, as in the case of thousands of other books. Moreover, in the last half-century commentaries, Bible dictionaries, and concordances, have grown into great volumes, and constitute a distinct class of literature. They have found their true places aside from the inspired words of the Bible. The old editions are, however, worthy of our study, as they served their time, and were helpful to many readers. Of the early Bibles that contained " practical ob- servations," the one that had the largest circulation, and sustained it through many years, was edited by Rev. Thomas Scott, D.D., an English clergyman. The first American edition was printed and pub- lished by W. Woodward of Philadelphia in 1804. It is a quarto of four volumes. Other issues fol- lowed by different publishers, though most of the editions came from the press of Woodward of Phil- adelphia, and that of Samuel T. Armstrong of Bos- ton. The most popular form of the book was an octavo of six volumes. Scott's Bible had a continu- ous sale for more than forty years. As late as 1844, W. E. Dean, 2 Ann Street, New York, published an edition in three volumes. The extended sale which attended Dr. Scott's work was due to its value, for as a commentary it was superior to any that had Special Editions. 201 appeared during the years before its time. Home, usually a discriminating judge, speaks of it in high praise. He writes i^ "The capital excellency of this valuable and immense undertaking, perhaps, consists in following, more closely than any other, the fair and adequate meaning of every part of Scripture, with- out regard to the niceties of human systems ; it is, in every sense of the expression, a scriptural comment. It has likewise a further and strong recommenda- tion in its originality. Every part of it is thought out by the author for himself, not borrowed from others. The later editions, indeed, are enriched with brief and valuable quotations from several writers of credit, but the substance of the work is entirely his own. It is not a compilation, it is an original production, in which you have the deliberate judgment of a masculine and independent- mind on all parts of Holy Scripture. Every student will understand the value of such a work. Further, it is the comment of our age, presenting many of the last lights which history casts on the interpretation of prophecy, giving several of the remarks which sound criticism has accumulated from the differ- ent branches of sacred literature, obviating the chief objections which modern annotators have advanced against some of the distinguishing doctrines of the 1 Home's " Manual of Biblical Bibliography," p. 259. 202 Early Bibles. gospel, and adapting the instructions of Scripture to the peculiar circumstances of the times in which we live." Home is also the authority for the statement that of Scott's Bibles " twenty- five thousand two hundred and fifty copies were sold in the United States of America from 1808 to 1819." Another name familiar to those who remember the old Bibles is that of Philip Doddridge, an English Congregationalist, who edited " The Family Exposi- tor." The first American from the eighth London edition was printed by S. Etheridge of Charlestown, Mass., in 1807. It is in six octavo volumes, and consists of a paraphrase of the New Testament, with the history of Christ arranged in the order of a har- mony. It contained also a life of Dr. Doddridge. In the same year an abridged form of the " Exposi- tor " was printed by Lincoln & Gleason of Hartford, Conn. In 1839 Charles McFarland of Amherst, Mass., published an edition of the Doddridge New Testament, in octavo form, with an introductory essay by Moses Stuart. The title-page contains the words "Thirteenth Edition." This issue was re- peated in 1846. Robert Carter & Brothers of New York in 1857 published the "Expositor" in royal octavo. Another well-known name to readers of the old- time Bibles is that of Matthew Henry, a Presbyterian special Editions. 203 minister of England. An English writer says:* " Henry's ' Exposition,' the work by which he is now chiefly remembered, is a commentary of a practical and devotional rather than of a critical kind, ranging over the whole of the Old Testament and extending into the New as far as the end of the Acts. At this point it was broken off by the au- thor's death, but the work was finished by a number of clergymen, whose names are recorded in m®st editions of the book. In a critical point of view, it may be said to be quite valueless ; yet its unfailing good sense, its discriminating thought, its high moral tone, its simple piety, and its altogether singular felicity of practical application, combine with the well-sustained flow of its racy English style to secure for it, and deservedly, the foremost place among works of its class." The first edition of the "Ex- position " in this country appeared in Philadelphia in 1 8 16. It was published by Towar & Hogan in six volumes, ^hey also issued a stereotyped edition in three volumes in 1829. Burder & Hughes edited in the same city in 1828 six octavo volumes of the Commentary, accompanied with a preface by Rev. Dr. Alexander. Among Bible expositors stands the name of Rev. Adam Clarke, LL.D., a Wesleyan minister, who 1 " Encyclopcedia Britannica," vol. xi., p. 676. 304 Early Bibles. attained a high reputation as a student of Oriental languages. The first volume of his Commentary was printed in London in i8io, and the eighth, which was also the last, in 1826. Ezra Sargeant, 86 Broadway, New York, published in 181 1 the first American edition of this work. It is a quarto of six volumes, and was i.ssued in parts. The scope of this Commentary is expressed in its own words : " In this work the whole of the text has been collated with the Hebrew and Greek originals, and all the ancient versions ; the most difficult words analyzed and ex- plained ; the most important readings in the He- brew collections of Kennicott and De Rossi on the Old Testament, and in those of Mill, Wetstein, and Griesbach on the New, are noticed; the date of every transaction, as far as it has been ascertained by the best chronologcrs, is marked; the peculiar customs of the Jews and neighboring nations, so fre- quently alluded to by the prophets, evangelists, and apostles, are explained from thr- best Asiatic author- ities ; the great doctrines of the Law and Gospel of God are defined, illustrated, and defended ; and the whole is applied to the important purposes of prac- tical Christianity." Dr. Clarke's Commentary, including only the New Testament, was printed in one octavo volume in Philadelphia in 1846, and again in 1857. Sped a i Editions. 205 The Rev. George D'Oyley, D.D., and the Rev. Richard Mant, D.D., chaplains to the Archbishop of Canterbury, edited an edition of tlit- Bible " with notes explanatory and practical, taken principally from the most eminent writers of the United Church of England and Ireland," which was published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in 1814 in Oxford and London. The editors claim to have made no extended exposition of their own, but to have given the opinions of others, after having consulted more than one hundred and sixty authors. The American reprint bears the firm name of T. & J. Swords, 160 Pearl Street, New York. It was issued in two quarto volumes, the first appearing in 1818, and the second in 1820. This edition has additional notes from the pen of the Rt. Rev. John H. Hobart, D.D., Bishop of New York, who quotes from a large number of biblical scholars, mainly in the Anglican, Scottish, and American Episcopal Churches, who had not been noticed by the English editors. Home gives it as his opinion that Bishop Hobart greatly enhanced the value of this Family Bible. The Rev. J. F. Ostervald, a French minister at Neufchatel, Switzerland, supplied the chapters of the Bible " with moral and theological observations." These were originally in French, but were translated for English and American editions. A quarto Bible ao6 Early Bibles. with Ostervald's "Observations" appeared in 1813 with this imprint : " New York : Published by Kvert Duyckinck, John Tiebout, G. & R. Waite, and VVeb- sters & Skinners of Albany. George Long, Printer." " The Devotional Family Bible " was edited by the Rev. Alexander Fletcher, D.D., " with practical and experimental reflections on each verse of the Old and New Testaments, and rich marginal refer- ences." An edition in quarto with fifty-seven illus- trations was published with this imprint : " London and New York: Virtue, Kmmins and Company." The title-page has no date, though O'Callaghan as- signs the publication to the year 1835. In 1826 "The Collateral Bible" made its appear- ance with the following imprint : " Philadelphia : Printed by Samuel Y. Bradford, and by E. Bliss and E. White, New York. J. Harding, Printer. 1826." This book was edited by William McCorkle, assisted by the Rev. Ezra Stiles Ely, D.D., a Presbyterian minister, and the Rev. Gregory T. Bedell, A.M., rector of St. Andrew's Church. It was published in three quarto volumes. " In this work," says Horne,^ " the best marginal references are printed at large, and in connection with every passage, by which means every parallel or related phrase in the sacred volume is brought at once under the eye, so as to 1 Home's " Biblical Bibliography," p. 86. Special Editions. 207 present the whole scope and subject of every text at a sinj^le view. On some passages the references are extremely copious." The three volumes comprised only the Old Testament, as the New Testament part was never attempted. The same plan was carried out in the Scientia Bibles of England and in some of the Bagster publications. "The Comprehensive Bible" of 1839 bears the name of a New York firm, that of " Robinson & Franklin, successors to Leavitt, Lord & Co., 180 Broadway." The book, which is a thick quarto of 1460 pages, was "stereotyped by James Conner, Franklin Buildings." The parallel passages are taken, as the title-page states, from the Canne, Clarke, Brown, Blayney, Wilson, Scott, and Bagster Bibles. The introduction is written in eight chap- ters, extending over forty pages. The editor in the preface sa)'s the number of the references " is nearly a half-million," and that " the notes are exclusively philological and explanatory, and, con- sequently, are not tinctured with the sentiments of any sect or party." At the back is " A Chrono- logical Index to the Holy Bible according to the computation of Archbishop Usher, showing in what year of the world, and what year before Christ, or after Christ, each event happened, and the places of Scripture where they are recorded ; interspersed 20S Early Bibles. with the principal events in profane history." This is followed by an " Index to the subjects contained in the Old and New Testaments," very much on the plan of a concordance. This Bible is a reprint of the London edition which was edited by William Greenfield. The American issue was also published by Lippincott, Grambo & Co. of Philadelphia in 1854 and 1855, and by J. B. Lippincott & Co. in 1857. " The Cottage Bible," by Thomas Williams, re- edited by Rev. William Patton, was printed in two octavo volumes by Conner & Cooke, New York, in 1833. It contains numerous engravings and several maps. The notes are designed to give much infor- mation, and are general rather than critical. The book was intended chiefly for the use of Sunday Schools and Bible-classes. The plates were sold by the New York printers, and in after years the edi- tions v/ere issued at Hartford, Conn. " The Christian's New and Complete Family Bible " was one of the earliest productions of the press in Philadelphia, being published by William Woodhouse of that city in 1 790. It was isiL-ued in numbers, and the Rev. Paul Wright, D.D., Vicar of Oakley, is sup- posed to have been the editor. " Boston : Published by Joseph Teal, printed by J. H. A. Frost, opposite U. S. Bank, Congress Street, 1822," is the imprint on the title-page of " The Co- - ^ Special Editions 209 lumbian Family and Pulpit Bible," the issue, in its own words, " being a corrected and improved Amer- ican edition of the Popular English Family Bible." It claims to be supplied " with concise notes and an- notations, theological, historical, chronological, crit- ical, practical, moral, and explanatory." Also, as containing " sundry important received various read- ings from the most ancient Hebrew and Greek manu- scripts and the most celebrated versions of Scripture. Also, sundry corrections and improvements of our ex- cellent English version (generally admitted by learned Christians of every name) with references to authors, versions, and manuscripts ; also, an illustrative argu- ment prefixed to each sacred book or epistle, from the best authorities." The volume is a folio, em- bellished with thirty-six engravings. The book was issued in numbers, and had more than three thou- sand subscribers. The Rev. Jonathan Homer, D.D., of Newton, Mass., revised the observations and con- densed some of the notes and enlarged others. English Polyglot Bibles have been extensively re- printed in this country. Probably the first edition is that one which was printed for Thomas Wardle, Philadelphia, in 1825. Another appeared in the same city in 1831, as published by Key & Meilke, No. 181 Market Street, and stereotyped by L. Johnson. Both of these are i2mos. In 1832 " Armstrong & Plaskitt, 2IO Early Bibles. No. 134, and Plaskitt & Co., No. 254, Market Street," Baltimore, issued a 241110. George Gaylord of Bos- ton in 1835 published an oci-avo. In 1836, Roby, Kimball & Merrell of Conco.d, N. H., and J. B. & S. L. Chase & Co. of Woodstock, Vt., published editions, the former a 24mo, and the latter a i6mo. From this date onward the Polyglot Bibles multiply, so that we find nearly all the names of the leading publishers in the United States on the title-pages. Among later publications a conspicuous place must be given to " The Illuminated Bible," issued by Harper & Brothers, New York, in 1846. This is, according to the title-page, " Embellished with six- teen hundred historical engravings by J. A. Adams, more than fourteen hundred of which are from orig- inal designs by J. G. Chapman." The engravers were six years in executing the designs, and the cost of the publication was upward of twenty thousand dol- lars. Mr. Adams is said to have introduced elec- trotyping from woodcuts into America in the year 1841. "The Illuminated Bible" is an excellent ex- ample of the electrotyping process as early used in this country. VS \\ 1 !::• /;■ M >N \S|I t illilll 11 I I' ^ I II '!"> THE NEAV TESTA mi: NT; «IM ri: Hi'\tNHi\. \M( nl•>^l^H^ll tn is-^i \'iinv "I- nil ttiut.iN \\. ui^iTojiiKs, Mr.Moius. Li:TTi;us, i»uoimn;< ii;m, .(Mt tiriIKH rilOlM C t|fis>. <(l iKt. FVANGELISTS AND AJ'(;STrj:s ; rit tt iMi M 4Rl: urilHtlM:'!. A 1 r.l\% OKXKBAr.l.V IWIEV. IHITI At.. n\l'H\.\ToHV. \\u PIIAlTll AI. Mvrw. Bv noDOLPiirs mcKrxsox, r»i-i.'» i-4»t*f<, mttiut r of i*i:«nnj-to>, *ii! t»i i**.!!-*, n O 8 T O X : ri DLIBUKD itV LIM-Y, WMT, COLMAN. A IIDI.IJKN Fac-simile of the title page of a New ami Corrected Version of tin- Xcw Tes'aiuent by Uodolplius Dickinson, publisliod at Boston in lH:i:t. Iteduced size. SOME NOTABLE TITLE-PAGES. The title-pages of the early American Bibles in some instances present an interesting and even enter- taining study, as they show the peculiarities of pub- lishers, editors, and translators. That the Scriptures are profitable for instruction all will admit, but one would hardly speak of them as sources of " amuse- ment." However, this was the word applied in early times to picture or hieroglyphic Bibles intended for children. Here is a title-page of this kind : "A Curi- ous Hieroglyphick Bible ; or, Select Passages in the Old and New Testaments, represented with Emblem- atical figures, for the Amusement of Youth: De- signed chiefly To familiarize tender Age, in a pleas- ing and diverting Planner, with early Ideas of the Holy Scriptures. To which are subjoined, A Short Account of the Lives of the Evangelists, and other Pieces. Illustrated with nearly Five Hundred Cuts. The First Worcester Edition. Printed at Worcester, Massachusetts, By Isaiah Thomas, And sold, Whole- .sale and Retail, at his bookstore. MDCCLXXXVIII." 21 I 212 Early Bibles. As a means of attraction, and perhaps for the sake of variety, passages of Scripture or whole books were rendered into verse. It was common to place quota- tions from the Bible on title-pages, while in other cases the selection was made from a secular writer. 'Here is a title-page to illustrate both ways : " Job. Ten Chapters of The Book of Job, rendered from the Common Translation, into Verse. By Abra- ham Rowley. Ye have heard, &c. — James, Chap. 5, V. II. The pencil of the Holy Ghost hath laboured more in describing the afflictions of Job, than the fe- licities of Solomon. LORD Bacon. Boston : Printed by J. H. A. Frost, Congress-street. 1825." An extract from a sermon was called into use in the following: "The New Testament, by way of Question and Answer: with Illustrations taken from the Holy Fathers and most approved Interpreters. By the Rev. John Power, of St. Peter's Church. ' Intenti estote ad Script>iras: codices vestri sumus.' Apply your minds seriously to the Scriptures: we are your books. — St. Augustin, Sermon 227. New York: Published by James Cunningham, No. 95 Maiden Lane. 1824. ' The inducements which publications otTered in the way of notes, references, and learned helps were fre- quently displayed on title-pages. This is a sample of one heavily loaded, and only a i2mo: "The Old Some Notable Title-pages. 213 )le Id and New Testaments, having a rich and comprehen- sive assembly of Half a Million Parallel and Illus- trative Passages from those estieemed authors Canne, Brown, Blaney, and Scott, with those from the Latin Vulgate, the French and German Bibles. The whole arranged in Scripture order, and presenting, in a portable pocket volume, A Complete Library of Divinity. Bonus Textuarius est bonus Theo- logus. Philadelphia: Printed for Thomas Wardle. M.DCCC.XXV." Publishers were diligent in the use of means to get the attention of the public and facilitate the sale of their volumes. Thus a printer in lioston, in 1852, advertised his publication as " The Unrivalled Dollar P^dition of the Douay Bible." The practical purposes to which the Bible may be turned in a monetary way is shown in this title-page : " New Testament : With the Marginal Readings ; and illustrated by Original References ; both Parallel and Explanatory, and a Copious Selection, carefully chosen, and newly arranged. With numerous en- gravings, and the sterling currency reduced to dol- lars and cents. New York : John C. Riker, 1 5 Ann Street. Stereotyped by James Conner. 1833." The peculiarities and the assurance of certain trans- lators of Scripture come out in title-pages, as in this: " A New and Corrected Version of The New Testa- 214 Early Bibles. ment; or, a minute revision, and professed Trans- lation of the Original Histories, Memoirs, Letters, Prophecies, and other productions of the Evangel- ists and Apostles: To which are subjoined, a few, generally brief, critical, explanatory, and practical Notes. By Rodolphus Dickinson, a Presbyter of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States; and Rector of St. Paul's parish. District of Pendle- ton, South Carolina. Boston: Published by Lilly, Wait, Colman & Holden. 1833." The following title-page also indicates the opin- ion of the translator concerning the improvement of his version : " The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Translated from the Greek, into pure English ; with explanatory notes, on cer- tain passages wherein the author differs from other translators. By Jonathan Morgan, A.B., Author of Elements of English Grammar. Portland : S. H. Colesworthy. Boston : B. B. Mussey. New York : P.Price. Philadelphia: J. Gihon. Cincinnati: A. T. Ames. Louisville: Noble and Dean. 1848." In 1854 an octavo volume appeared containing the first book of the Old Testament with this wording on the title-page : " The Gospel by Moses, in the Book of Genesis; or the Old Testament Unveiled. By C. H. Putnam. ' And not as Moses which put a vail Some Notable Title-pages. 215 i- id k. r- er of re ail over his face, that the children of Israel could not steadfastly look to the end of that which is abol- ished : But their minds were blinded : for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the Old Testament: which vail is done away in Christ' — 2 CoR. iii. 13, 14. New York: Edward H. Fletcher, Nassau-Street. 1854." The disposition to display the merits of a book is well illustrated in the following : " Isaiah. A New Translation. By the late Robert Lowth, D.D., Bishop of London. To which is added, A plain, concise and particular Explanation of each Chapter. Extracted chiefly from ' A Treatise on the Prophets ' by John Smith, D.D., Minister of the Gospel at Campbeltown, Scotland. In the Summary Explanation, prefixed to each Chapter, the Time and Occasion when the Proph- ecy was written; the peculiar Style of Isaiah; the Beauty and Sublimity of particular Passages ; the Al- lusions to ancient Customs and Manners; the Con- nection and Scope of the several Parts of the Proph- ecy, and the Events in which the Predictions seem to have had their Accomplishment, are occasionally ascertained and illustrated ; The whole forming an agreeable and instructive Exposition of this Seraphic Prophet, equally removed from dull and tedious Criti- cisms, and from general and foreign Observations. 2l6 Early Bibles. Albany : Printed by Charles R. and George Webster, No. 2, Pearl Street. M.DCC.XCIV." Happily in these days a greater simplicity prevails in the wording of title-pages, and books are not so much judged by their title-pages as by their contents. ^V. i'iv IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■^121 125 mm ■ 2.2 1^ ■;£ 12.0 M L25 nil 1.4 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WltSTIR.N.Y. MSSO (716) •73-4503 ^V^ '^^ > ^ o rrr-v.- r^Tfl N ¥■ •TESTaiLNT - /"• ■ ' OV ^R .'j 1 1 k •. • LQBDJVND SBVYUB. ;^ m JDIZIIS ^RlSf, t Tiiair8U»Jd»«1li0ir' 41 QRIIXtNAL GRXK, AMD W.IA Ai FOXMUS TRIlNSLECttXZ Dmi>iNTLI KOBif»eRI> ftllD RXVlZtt .•.>^ .*t ' »•" . ..'.. "Tf ■ ■m ^^L "f^ ' ' kcT Bl JL K0M8T0K, M. D., f.'' !rh.M»iniuifcRttTRrr. Fac-simile of the title page of the Phonetic New Testament published by ^V. Comstock at Philadelphia in 1848. Reduced size. ? / / ' J* \ • SOME NOTABLE EDITIONS. H One of the curiosities in the way of printing is the Thumb Bible, so called because of its diminutive size, for it measures but one by one and a half inches. It was printed in 1693, and dedicated to the Duke of Gloucester. It is a summary of the Old and New Testaments with illustrations in copper-plate. The printing of this book in England marked a great in- novation in the publishing of small editions of the Scriptures. An American reprint of the third Lon- don-edition of the Thumb Bible was issued at Boston in 1 765. According to the title-page it was " Printed for, and sold by N. Proctor, near Scarlet's Wharffe." The demand for small Bibles must have been exten- sive, for other publishers issued editions that were recommended for their smallness in print and bind- ing. W. W. Woodward of Philadelphia published in 1 806 what was called the Pocket Bible. It was quite an event in the art of printing, and was heralded by a circular giving it an introduction, such as many larger volumes never have had. It would be unusual 217 2l8 Early Bibles. in these days to read of the printing of a little book as "so heavy an undertaking." The prospectus is couched in the words that follow : Neat Edition of the Pocket Bible. W. W. Woodward, No. 52. Corner of Second and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, is preparing for th^ Press, and will begin in a short titne to print the Bible, in a Pocket volume. A neat pearl type is hourly expected from Europe, made to his particular order. The difficulty of obtaining in a small size this valuable pocket companion; and the dearness of it, when obtained, and of a type scarcely legible ; also of the growing demand for it, induces him to offer this Proposal, as it will assist him, if a few subscribers are obtained, to print an extensive edition, and relieve, in a considerable degree, the weight of the expense, which will naturally be incurred by so heavy an undertaking. To those gentlemen who will assist him in the Publication, he will give for every Five Subscribers, the Sixth Copy gratis. The Following are the Conditions : Neat plain binding with the Psalms, i'37^^ Do Do without Do 1.25 Morocco, with Superior paper with Psalms, a. 50 Do Do without Do 2.25 N. B. Those gentlemen who receive subscribers will be kind enough to return the number of copies which will be wanted as soon as pos- sible. What was known as the Diamond Bible was printed in England, and had a large sale through many years. On account of its portable size, for it was but a 32mo, large quantities of the book were smuggled into the United States. This went on for years, until the rev- enue officers were obliged to stop the illegal traffic, and confiscate the property. Who would think of |:'\ Some Notable Editions. 219 smuggling Bibles in these times? In 1837 this Dia- mond edition was published simultaneously in Lon- don and New York. These are the firm names on the title-page : " London ; Allan Bell & Co., Warwick Square ; T. Tegg & Son ; and H. Washburne, J. K. Herrick, New York." The edition is supplied " with notes, practical and explanatory, by the Rev. Henry Stebbing, A.M., Member of the Royal Society of Literature." In 1848 the Phonetic Testament was published in Philadelphia, by A. Comstock, icx) Mulberry Street, in an octavo volume of 397 pages. It was stereo- typed by J. Fagan and printed by Smith & Peters. In the preface Dr. Comstock says : " Numerous at- tempts have been made by different individuals to construct a perfect alphabet for the English lan- guage. No fewer than six alphabets have been pub- lished in the city of Philadelphia. The first was published by Dr. William Thornton in 1 793 ; the last by the editor of this work in 1846. This is the alphabet in which the present edition of the New Testament is printed, and is the only one that fully accomplishes the object for which so many have long and anxiously waited ; it not only has a letter appro- priated to every elementary sound, but characters which represent the accents, inflections, and melody of the voice." A table is given of the alphabet with 220 Early Bibles. its fifteen vowels, fourteen subvowels, and nine aspi- rates. Then follow four pages of ".Remarks on the Phonetic Alphabet." Dr. Comstock thought his al- phabet would work a revolution in literature, for he says : " It is calculated to facilitate the spread of the Gospel, as well as the arts and sciences, not only among those to whom the English is vernacular, but among foreign nations, particularly the heathen." This hope was never consummated, as the Phonetic Testament had a limited circulation, and never reached a second edition. The book is well printed and sub- stantially bound. The invention of embossed letters to enable the blind to read was a novel and benevolent achieve- ment. Several years ago the honorable secretary of the British and Foreign Blind Association deliv- ered an address before the Society of Arts, in which he said : " The happy idea of printing on paper let- ters recognizable by the touch is due to M. Haiiy of Paris, who printed his first book in 1 784, and founded the Institut des Jeunes Aveugles, Paris. The type he adopted was the script, or italic form of the Roman letter. This was introduced into England by the present Sir C. Lowther, who printed the Gospel of St. Matthew in 1832 with type obtained from Paris, and followed it with other portions of the Bible. In 1834, Gall of Edinburgh printed the Gospel of St. Some Notable Editions. 221 John in Roman capitals, in which, however, all curves were replaced by angular lines, and the lines them- selves were serrated, which changes, he believed, gave greater distinctness to the letter. Alston, of Glasgow, adopted Fry's plan of using ordinary Roman capitals. Dr. Howe, of Boston, U. S., makes use of the small Roman letters, giving them angularity ac- cording to Gall's idea." The first American copy of the New Testament printed in raised letters for the blind was issued in 1836 at Boston. The American and Massachusetts Bible Societies contributed the money, and the print- ing was done at the New England Asylum for the Blind, the name of which has since been changed, and now is the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind, South Boston. The book is in four quarto volumes. Not long after, the entire Bible was completed. The plates were then taken by the American Bible Society, who printed a quarto edition in eight volumes in 1841. The Psalms alone were issued in 1850. The late Dr. Howe facilitated the work, and was a great benefactor to the blind. In 1837 Otis Clapp, 121 Washington Street, Bos- ton, published a i2mo Bible which included solely those books of Scripture that Swedenborg regarded as containing what he called " an internal sense." The Books of Ruth, i and 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehe- 222 Early Bibles. miah, Esther, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the • Song of Solomon are dropped out of the Old Testa- ment, and the Acts of the Apostles and all the Epis- tles are omitted from the New Testament. In 1834, in the same city, Rufus Davenport printed a Bible with these words on the title-page : "The Right- Aim School Bible; comprising the Holy Bible of the Old and New Testaments, and an Annexment containing the Free-Debt-Rule Peti- tions, addressed, the first to the Twenty-four States, the Second to the Congress, the Third to the Presi- dent of the United States of America, and affixed Memorials; the Fourth Petition to three High Offi- cers of the Government of England. Also the Dec- laration of Free-debtism." The text is the King James translation, and in place of a preface, several pages are devoted to arguments against imprisonment for debt. There is a Memorial addressed to the several States of the Union, another to Congress, and a third to President Jackson. Mr. Davenport lays down five fundamental points under the heading of Equitable Principles for Free Debt Rules. 1st. All persons shall become free from all debt, by surrendering, at the place of their inhabitance, all their estate, to the use of all their creditors, in ratable proportion. 2d. All persons shall be free from imprisonment, arrest, and all punishment for debt, except to compel the surrender of estate to the /■ -— ' Some Notable Editions. 221 nse of all creditors, in ratable proportion, when by such surrender the debtor shall become free from all debt, liability, claim, and demand, existing at the time of such surrender. 3d. All fraud and wrong, appertaining to debt, shall remain punish- able by law, as public or private offence ; but the greatest punishment therefor not to exceed imprisonment and labour for life. 4th. All persons, who shall so surrender all estate, unless convicted of fraud, or wrong, relative thereto, shall be entitled to an allowance out of the net amount of such surrendered estate, of such proportion of five per cent on said net amount, as said net amount shall bear to the whole sum of debts proved. 5th. The manner of such surrender shall be according to provision to be made by the authorities having jurisdiction of the settlement of the estates of persons deceased, or by higher jurisdictive superseding authority ; and, when and where no such provision shall be in force, then and there the manner of such surrender shall be according to any legal assignment. Boston, A.D. 1828, June 16. Mr. Davenport airs his personal grievances, for he writes : " The sufferings that your petitioner has borne, and knows that numerous others endure, have incited him to strive much in the cause ; and at length have now constrained and Jetermined him, though with trembling feelings, yet with fixed purpose, as from conscious duty, to prefer twenty-four petitions alike, one to each State of the Union, which, if prof- fered without precedent, still, he begs, may be gra- ciously received, and prays God may prosper. What your petitioner has experienced, seen and felt on this subject, may be his best apology for so high an aim, he hopes a right aim, for general good. Abo\it the be- 324 Early Bibles. ginning of this century, he, as a commission merchant of Boston, devoted nearly a year to visiting the prin- cipal places in all these Atlantic States; before and after which, having been in successful business, to most parts of the world. On leaving this vocation to take a leading share in building up Cambridgeport, near Boston, success still attended him at first, and in 1809, the amount of his property, mostly in real estate, was more than $256,000 and his debts less than one fourth as much. But change — political and local — with oppression, wrecked his fortune, and made him a prisoner for debt, more than three years, during which, in 181 1 and 181 2, he drew laws which mitigated the sufferings of thousands, in the State of Massachusetts. After surmounting the press of difficulty, and re- suming his mercantile vocation (pursuant to which he made a second tour of the Atlantic States, eigh- teen years after the first), he engaged also in manu- factories, in which great decline in yalue has occurred, and being again pressed, with menace and harass, he feels (what a great portion of the community feel) the want of uniform laws and customs to rule credit and debt, adapted to all persons, at all times, and all places, needed and just to the creditor as well as the debtor, consonant with our bill of rights, our national and state constitutions, with freedom and Inde- / Some Notable Editions. 225 pendence, with the laws of nature, and the laws of God." Such discussions sound strangely to us, but it must be remembered that years ago the subject of free-debtism was an exciting theme of debate and legislation. The law of imprisonment for debt was not finally abolished in all the States of the Union until 1845. In 1 86 1 there appeared in New York City an oc- tavo volume with the title, " The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ as revised and corrected by the Spirits." The names of the pub- lishers are not given, but the book is copyrighted by Leonard Thorn. The text, with a few excep- tions, is the same rendering as that of the King James translation, but there are many omissions. Whatever the compiler did not like he left out. As a result all the Gospels and Epistles are shortened. The Book of Revelation is reduced to six chapters, and the prophetic and mystic portions are wholly omitted. There are two colored illustrations, one at the beginning and the other at the end of Revelation. The first represents Christ among the seven candle- sticks, and in the second He is seen as riding upon a white horse. Before the Gospel of St. Matthew begins, four pages are given to " Introductory Remarks and Ex- 226 Early Bibles. planations by the Spirit of Jesus Christ." Here is a quotation : " I preached about three years and a half. I was crucified by the mistaken Jews. My body was laid in the sepulchre. My Spirit only arose, and on the third day I was seen. The watchmen were entranced by a spirit, and then the spirits took my body away." The last four pages of the book are assigned to what is called the " New Dispensation, by the Spirit of Christ." One citation from this will suffice : " Through our mediums we heal the sick, cure the lame, and cast out evil spirits, and aid those who seek after knowledge in the arts and sciences ; the same as was done when I and my apostles lived in the fiesh on the earth." Among the attractions which some of the old Bibles held out were " An Account of the Exact Location of the Garden of Eden," a " Clergyman's Address to Married Persons," and " Cowper's Portrait of an Apostolic Preacher." iere is a I was ivas laid 1 on the itranced away." jned to e Spirit b: ure the ho seek e same in the Bibles )cation ddress of an / CHAPTER IV. 9 BehoM, 1 will make thoM' U ht or die synagog of Satan, sayinff they ara Jews, and are not, but lie. Mhold 1 will make them to come and wor- ship, in tiie presence of thy feet, and they shall know that I have loved thee. 10 Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I, also, will keep thee, from the hour of temptation, about to come, upon the whole inhabited wmrld to try those dwelling upon the earth. 11 Behold I come quickly. Hold what thou hast, that noUae may atake thy crown. 12 He overcoming, I will make bim a pillar, in the temple of my God,and he shall not outgo again. And I will write, upon him, the name of my Clod and the name of tho city of my God, the new Jerusalem, which descendeth from heaven, from my Qod, and upoti U, my new name. 13 He having an ear to hear, hear he what the spirit saitb unto the churches. 14 And to the angel of the church of LoiJdicSa, write; These things saith the Amen, the faithfiil and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God : 15 I know thy works, that thou art tiot hot, nor cold. Illesired (hat thou shouldest be hot, or cold. 16 For, as thou art only/ warm, and not hot, nor cold, I desire tfa«e to be vomited outof my mouth, 17 For thou savest That I am rich and increased and have need of noth- ing; and thou knowest not that thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor and blind and uaked. 18 I counsel tliee to buy of me g^ld tried in the fire,thBt thou mayest be rich and white raiment that thou mayest be clothed, and the shame of thy naked- ness not appear, and anoint thy eyes, with eye^salve that thou mavest sed. 19 As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten. Be ye zealous, tbercfbre, and renent. 90 Behold, I stand, at .he door and Imock. If anyone should hear my voice, and open the door, I will eute#, onto bim, and I will sup^ with hin^ and he, with me. SI To bim overcoming, I will give to sit, with me, on my throne^ as I also have overcome, and have m% with my &ther, on his throne. 39 He having an ear to hear, hut he what the spirit saitb unto tM church^ CHAPTER IV. P 1 Aptbr these, I looked, alid hik hold a door was opened Jn heaviii. And the first voice, which I heard, at a trumpet talking with me, satying, ascend here, and I will show what must be, after these things. 3 And immediiatly I became, tn thd spirit, and behold, a throne tirts sel in the heaven, and one sitting upeH the throne. 3 And he sitting was^ in appear^ ance, like a jasper stone and a iilif dine. And a rainbpw aroun^ thf throne, in appearance, like enienil4 4 And around the thione,' tweni^ four thrones. And, umu these tMrbjIiii I saw twenty-four elders sitting el^tfi- ed in white raiment and the/hadiN^n their heads, golden crowns, i 5 And fit>m the throne, proceeded lightnings and thunders and vbl(Be& And seven lamps of fira burned) in the presence of the thi^ne, which are the seven spirits of God. 6 And, in the presence of the throne, was a vitriolic sea* like «ry»> tal. And in the midst of the throne^ and around the throne, four living be- innyUI of eyes, before and behind. 7 And the nrst being was like a lion, and the second being was like a eal^ and the third being had a foee like a man, and the fourth being unu like ft flying eagle. 8 And the four beings, eadhene had six winos, aroundabout km, and fiill of eyes witbic. And they cease not day and .light, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God, allrttller who was andbeiu; and coming. 9 And, when the belAgi gir« {^oiy " Thic is eommonly rendered a 991 Facsimile of a page (page 291) from Jonathan Morgan's translation of llieXcw Testament, published at Portland, Maine, by S. II. Colesworlhy, in 1848. Exact size. CURIOUS VERSIONS. The crank has invaded every department of lit- erature, and has even tried his hand at the biblical. Men of strong prejudices, narrow- or broad-gage views, and possessed with a hobby, have sought to color Scripture according to their own opinions, and with little deference to the original sense of the lan- guages of Holy Writ. Some scholars who have been strong in other directions have exhibited their weak- ness when dealing with the words of Inspiration. As a result, they have brought upon themselves confu- sion and ridicule. Franklin was in many ways a great man, but he published his own foolishness when he attempted to improve the meaning of the Bible. Among his " Bagatelles," which Mr. William Temple Franklin says " were chiefly written by Dr. Franklin for the amusement of his irtimate society in London and Paris, and were actually collected in a small port- folio indorsed as above," appears the following letter: Proposed New Version of the Bible. To the Printer of Sir: It is now more than one hundred and seventy years since the translation of our common English Bible. The language in that time 227 228 Early Bibles. is much changed, and the style, being obsolete, and thence less agree- able, is perhaps one reason why the reading of that excellent book is of late so much neglected. I have therefore thought it would be well to procure a new version, in which, preserving the sense, the turn of phrase and manner of expression should be modern. I do not pre- tend to have the necessary abilities for such a work myself : I throw out the hint for the consideration of the learned ; and only venture to send you a few verses of the first cliapter of Job, which may serve as the sample of the kind of version I would recommend. A. B. OU Text. Verse 6. Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present them- selves before the Lord, and Satan came also among them. 7. And the Lord said unto Satan, 'Whence comest thou? Then Satan an- swered the Lord, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from wallcing up and down in it. 8. And the Lord said unto Satan, Hast thou considered my servant Job, that there is none like him in the earth, a perfect and an upright man, one that feareth God, and escheweth evil ? 9. Then Satan answered the Lord, and said. Doth Job fear God for nought? 10. Hast not thou made an hedge about him, and about his house, and about all that he hath on every side ? Thou hast blessed the work of his hands, and his substance is increased in the land. 11. But put forth thine hand now, and touch all that he hath, and he will curse thee to thy face. New Version. Verse 6. And it being levee day in Heaven, all God's nobility came to court to present themselves before him ; and Satan also appeared in the circle as one of the ministry. 7. And God said unto Satan, Vou have been some time absent; where were you? And Satan answered, I have been at my country seat, and in different places visit- ing my friends. 8. And God said, Well, what think you of Lord Job? Vou see he is my best friend, a perfectly honest man, full if re- spect for me, and avoiding everything that might offend me. 9. And Satan answered, Does your majesty imagine that his good conduct is the effect of personal attachment and af- fection ? 10. Have you not protected him and heaped your benefits upon him, till he is grown enormously rich? II. Try him;— only withdraw your fa- vor, turn him out of his places, and with- hold his pensions, and you will soon find him in the opposition. Curious Versions. 229 / J nd Mr. McMaster, in his recent life of Franklin as a man of letters, says : ^ In no book, it is safe to say, are the force and beauty of the English tongue so finely shown as in King James's Bible. But on Franklin that force and beauty were wholly lost. The language he pronounced obsolete. The style he thought not agreeable, and he was for a new rendering, in which the turn of phrase and manner of expression should be modern. That there might be no mistake as to his meaning, he gave a sample of how the work should be done ; took some verses from the first chapter of Job, stripped them of every particle of grace, beauty, imagery, terseness, and strength, and wrote a paraphrase, which of all paraphrases of the Bible is surely the worst. The plan is beneath criticism. Were such a piece of folly ever be- gun there would remain but one other depth of folly to which it would be possible to go down. Franklin proposed to fit out the Kingdom of Heaven with lords, nobles, a ministry, and levee days. It would, on the same principle, be proper to make another version suitable for republics ; a version from which every term and expression peculiar to a monarchy should be carefully kept out, and only such as are ap- plicable to a republic be put in. In 1766 Kneeland & Adams of Boston printed a translation of the Gospel of St. Matthew, made by the Rev. Samuel Mather, in which the Lord's Prayer has this curious rendering : Our Father, who art in the Heavens; sanctified be thy Name; Thy Kingdom come ; Thy Will be done, as in Heaven, so upon the Earth ; Give us to-Day that our Bread, the supersubstantial ; And forgive us our Debts, as we forgive them who are our Debtors ; And introduce us not into afflictive Trial ; but deliver us from the wicked One ; Because thine is the Kingdom, and the Power, and the Glory for the Ages ; Amen. 1 McMaster, " Benjamin Franklin," " American Men of Letters Series," pp. 87, 88. 230 Early Bibles. In 1795 a little i2mo book of fifteen sheets, not paged, appeared, bearing this imprint : " New Lon- don: Printed by Thomas C. Green on the parade 1795" The book consists of the Psalter, with the order for Morning and Evening Prayer. The chief feature of the publication is the Psalter, which is an independent translation, by Rt. Rev. Samuel Seabury, then Bishop of Connecticut and Rhode Island. The changes were made for the purpose of softening down the imprecatory or damnatory passages in the Psalms. This was attempted by substituting the future tense for the imperative mood. Here is an example of this treatment : Psalm v. ii. Thou wilt destroy them, O God: they shall perish through their own imaginations : thou wilt cast them out in the mul- titude of their ungodliness ; for they have rebelled against thee. In addition to these amendments, the Bishop in the preface says : " A few old words are changed for those which are more modern, and two or three expression^ hard to be understood are altered, still retaining the. spirit and meaning of the Psalm. By these means, it is hoped, the Psalms will be freed from all objections, and used with more devotion as a part of divine service." Among the changes thus referred to, aside from those in the imprecatory passages, are the following : Curious Versions. 231 Psalm xxix. 8. The voice of the Lord maketh the oaks to tremble, and layeth open the thick forests. Psalm xciv. 20. Wilt thou have anything to do with the throne of wickedness ; which establisheth iniquity by a law? It is not known that this version was ever used. The book is a very rare one, and it is quite likely that not a half-dozen copies have survived. Lilly, Wait, Colman & Holden of Boston printed in 1833 what claimed to be " A New and Corrected Version of the New Testament." It was edited by Rev. Rodolphus Dickinson, " Rector of St. Paul's par- ish. District of Pendleton, South Carolina." The American Monthly Reviezv for March, 1833, says: " Apart from its literary execution, this professed translation has no distinctive character; and as the author — in his preface — places his chief reliance on the rhetorical embellishments with which he has adorned the sacred text, we are constrained to award a verdict of unqualified condemnation." The reckless and freehanded nature of the transla- tion may be judged by the quotations that follow : St. Matthew xviii. 10. Beware that you do not disdain one of the least of these ; for I tell you, that their attendant messengers in the heavens incessantly survey the face of my heavenly Father. St. Luke xvi. 13. No domestic can serve two masters j for he will either hate one and love the other ; or at least will attend one, and neglect the other. You cannot serve God and an idol. John iii. 3. Except a man be reproduced, he cannot realize the reign of God. / 232 Early Bibles. 4. Nicodemus says to him, How can a man be produced when he is mature? Can he again pass into a state of embryo, and be produced? Acts i. 18. And (Judas) falling prostrate, a violent internal spasm ensued, and all his viscera were emitted. xxvi. 24. Festus declared with a loud voice: Paul, you are insane! Multiplied research drives you to distraction. In 1848 S. H. Colesworthy of Portland, Me., pub- lished a translation of the New Testament made by Jonathan Morgan, a lawyer of the same city. In the preface the translator says : " I have two objects in view in this translation : one, to give the true reading of the Greek text in English, without any reference to creed or sect ; the other, to have the translation in pure English, unadulterated by the dogmas, tradi- tions, and errors as now taught in all the universities and schools in America and England." As might be expected from this language, the translation is both unusual and curious. Here are some passages selected at random : .St. Luke ii. 10. And the angel said unto them, Fear not, for, be- hold, I gospelize unto you great joy, which shall be unto all people. V. 26. And an ecstasy came upon all, and they glorified God, and were filled with fear, saying, We have seen paradoxies to-day. viii. 24. And approaching, they awoke him, saying, Governor, gov- ernor, we are perishing. 2 Cor. ii. 6. This franchise is sufficient for any one, which is from the majority. 2 Cor. v. 13. For, if we are deranged, it is for God, if temperate, for you. / Curious Versions. 233 I Tim. iv. 2. Having their consciences cauterized. Rev. iv. 6. In the presence of the throne, was a vitriolic sea like crystal. The orthography of the book is as singular as the translation. Here are samples : " tung," " thru," " synagog," " lik," " brot," etc. In 1852 Henry Oliphant, of Auburn, N. Y., printed a portion of the New Testament for Hezekiah Wood- ruflf, who desired to render the words of Scripture after the language of our day. Here are a few ex- amples of his efforts, with the original spelling : St. Matt. iii. 4. His foocl was small animals and vegitable honey. V. 6. Happy are they who hunger and thirst for correctness. 20. Unless your correctness should exceed the correctness of the clergy. xxvi. 24. The Son-of-man maketh his exit. 49. Immediately he [Judas] came to the Saviour and said. Your most obedient, Preceptor. It is a relief to know that this book ended with the Gospel of St. Matthew. At various times editions of the New Testament have appeared which were translated in the interests of certain sectarian bodies. In 1 849 Joshua V. Himes of Boston published a " Millerite " New Testament. Judge Egbert Benson, who presided over the Su- preme Court of New York from 1794 to 1812, trans- lated and had published the Apostolic Epistles, in 234 Early Bibles. which he substituted the word " love " for " charity," and the word " overseer " for " bishop." The American Publishing Company of Hartford, Conn., issued in 1876 an octavo edition of the Bible which is a translation by Miss Julia £. Smith of Glas- tonbury, in the same State. In the preface she says : " I continued my labors and wrote out the Bible five times, twice from the Greek, twice from the Hebrew, and once from the Latin — the Vulgate. These three languages were written over the head of our Saviour. They are now dead languages and cannot be altered. The whole construction is so complete that it does not seem to be the work of inspiration, and the only communication from God to man, for all time. The work is given in types, in figures, in parables, and in dark sayings, a knowledge of which is gained, as all other knowledge is gained, by the desire of the heart to learn it. It may be thought by the public in gen- eral that I have great confidence in myself, in not conferring with the learned in so great a work ; but as there is but one book in the Hebrew tongue, and I have defined it, word for word, I do not see how anybody can know more about it than I do." A few quotations will show the singular drift of this translation : Psalm xvii. 8. Watch me as the pupil of the daughter of the eye : thou wilt hide me in the shadow of thy wings. Curious Versions. 235 Prov. XV. 1 7. Good a ration of herbs and love there, above an ox of th* stalk and hatred with it. St. Matt. v. 15. Neither do they burn a light, and set it under a basket, but upon a chandelier : and it shines to all in the house. xiii. 45. Again, the kingdom of the heavens is like to a man, a wholesale merchant, seeking beautiful pearls. xvi. 2-3. And he having answered, said to them, It being evening, ye say. Calm weather : for the heaven is fiery red. And in the morning, To-day, wintry weather : for heaven being sad, is fiery red. Hypocrites, truly ye know to decide the face of heaven, but the signs of the times ye cannot. xxvi. 33. And Peter having answered, said to him, And if all men shall be scandalized in thee, I will never be scandalized. St. Luke vi. 41. And why beholdest thou the dried straw in thy brother's eye, and perceivest hot the beam in thine own eye? St. James i. 27. Religion pure and unpolluted before God and the Father is this, To take a view of the orphans and widows in their pressure, to keep himself free from stain from the world. A most absurd case of prudery is exhibited in the publication of the Book of Proverbs by Peter Stew- art of Philadelphia, in 1 788, in which all verses of a sexual nature are omitted, and their places supplied with asterisks. It may be said in passing that curious versions of the Bible are not confined to early issues, for as late as 1884 a book with both a New York and London imprint was given to the reading public, by Ferrar Fenton, entitled " St. Paul's Epistles in Modern English." A few of these modernized passages are given : I Cor. X. 14. My darlings, fly from the idol feasts. 236 Early Bibles. xi. 14. Does not the nature itself teach you, that if a man should have long curls it is a dishonor to him? 15. Uut if a woman has long curls it is an honor to her, because the curls are given to her for a vesture. xiv. 4. The linguist instructs himself, but the preacher instructs the assembly. xvi. 10. Dut if Timothy comes, see that you take care that he i» not bullied by you. 2 Cor. v. 2. And, indeed, we groan in this, longing to be endowed with our little cottage from heaven. X. 12. Mowever, we don't dare to compete or compare ourselves with some of those self-laudators, for they, measuring themselves with themselves, and comparing themselves to themselves, are themselves rather irreflective. 2 Tim. i. 13. Take a draught of health giving fdeos. ii. 4. A campaigner never involves himself with the affairs of life, so that he may please his commander. 6. The working farmer ought to eat first of his crops. Tncs iii. 15. Regards to all who love us in faith. Serious errors in the printing of American Bibles are not \ery numerous, considering the large editions of the Scriptures that have been issued. There is a curious mistake in Eliot's Indian Bible in the account of the ten virgins. Dr. Trumbull says : " Among the Indians chastity was a masculine virtue, and Eliot's Natick interpreter did not understand that the noun wanted -was feminine. Subsequent instruction doubt- less made the matter clear, but in the Indian Bible the parable in Matthew xxv. i-i 2 is of ' the ten chaste young men ' (' piukqussuogpenompaog ' — the syllable Curious Versions. 237 'omp' marking the masculine gender), and so in every place in which ' virgin ' occurs in the English version, though in most cases the context clearly es- tablishes the true gender. The right word was ' keeg- squau,' which is to be found (though seldom used) in every Algonquian language." In the edition of the New Testament published by A. Morse in New Haven, Conn., in 1790, the substi- tution of an " s " for an " f " makes Philippians ii. 8, read, " And being sound in fashion." An edition of the New Testament published at Utica, N. Y., in 1829, rendered James v. 17, " Elias was a man possible like unto us." The Version Committee of the American Bible Society, in their report, on page 15, state — though they do not give the date and imprint — that a Bible printed in this country renders Galatians iv. 27 thus: " For it is written. Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not; for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an hundred," instead of " husband." A Paragraph Testament published in Boston in 1834 has this blunder in Romans iv. 5 : " His faith is counted for unrighteousness." A Bible published at Hartford in 1837 printed 2 Timothy iii. 16 in this way : " All Scripture is given 238 Early Bibles. by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for destruction in right- eousness." An edition of the Bible printed by the American Bible Society in 1855 has this reading of St. Mark V. 3 : " Who had his dwelling among the lambs," in place of " tombs." In one of the early editions of the Bible printed by Harding of Philadelphia, a singular mistake was made in i Kings i. 2 1 , where the words " the king shall t sleep with his fathers " was rendered in print, " the king shall dagger sleep with his fathers." This is certainly the most literal following of " copy " on record. on Tac-simile of the picture entitled " Paul shaking the viper from hiH band." Engraved by Amos Doolittlc for the Thomas Bil>le of 1791. Keduced size. THE ENGRAVINGS OF EARLY BIBLES. The literature of a new region grows slowly, and the pictorial in art grows still more slowly. Printing was known and practised in this country for more than one hundred years before the first copper-plate engraving was executed. The early engravers were, in several instances, men who had no previous know- ledge of the art, but were drawn into it by the neces- sities and opportunities that surrounded them. This was especially the case with William RoUinson, who came, while a young man, from England to seek employment here, in the pursuit of his trade, which was that of an engraver of gold or gilt buttons, these buttons being prominent ornaments on the costumes of colonial times. He was called upon not long after his arrival to figure In an event that gave him through many years special satisfaction. Mr. Dunlap writes :^ " General Knox, first secretary of war under the Fed- eral Government, employed Mr. RoUinson to chase 1 " History of the Arts of Design in the United States," vol. i., P- IS9- 239 240 Early Bibles. I the arms of the United States upon a set of gilt but- tons for the coat which was worn by General Wash- ington on the memorable day of his inauguration as President. Soon after General Knox called to make payment, but the young Englishman had caught the spirit of the country of his choice, and would re- ceive no compensation, declaring that he was more than paid by the honor of having worked for such a man on such an occasion." Mr. Rollinson's trade of engraving buttons not proving remunerative, he worked for several silver- smiths until 1 79 1, when he made his first effort at copper-plate engraving, his earliest work being a small portrait of President Washington. RoUinson learned the art by his own perseverance and appli- cation, without instruction from any one. His pro- ficiency became so well known that he was employed to engrave scriptural scenes for Brown's Self- Inter- preting Bible published in New York in 1 792. For the Old Testament he engraved three pictures, bear- ing the titles, ■" Solomon's Temple," " Vision of the Cherubim," and "Jonah under the Gourd." For the New Testament he also supplied three engrav- ings, namely, "The Impotent Man Healed," "Paul Shaking off the Viper," and " The Angel Presenting the Book." The frontispiece of the New Testament of this Bible is a map of the Holy Land. It is well I •I \ The Engravings of Early Bibles. 241 t 1 engraved, and was the work of Rollinson. In the Folio Bible printed for Berriman & Co. of Phila- delphia in 1796 there are three engravings by Rol- linson, representing the following subjects : " Sam- son Slaying the Philistines," " He Betrayeth Him with a Kiss," and " Paul Presiding at Athens." This artist made a great revolution In bank-note engraving by inventing a machine to rule waved lines. Another early engraver was Amos Doolittle, a native of Cheshire, Conn. He resembled Rollinson inasmuch as he was self-taught. He began engrav- ing in 1775, by executing four views of the battle of Lexington and Concord, which are among the earliest historical engravings made in this country. He engraved for the Thomas Bible of 1791 "Paul Shaking the Viper from his Hand." He also con- tributed six pictures to the Hodge and Campbell Bible of 1792. These were his subjects: "David and Bathsheba," " David Playing on a Harp," " Dan- iel in the Lions' Den," "The Flight into Egypt," " Christ Restoring Bartimeus to Sight," and " The Angel Appearing to Mary." In the Berriman Bible of 1796 there are two of his engravings, representing "The Triumph of David" and "Judas Maccabseus Defeats the Samarian Army." He engraved " Christ Baptized " for a Life of our Lord, published by Wil- liam Durell of New York in 1801. In Carey's quarto 242 Early Bibles. Bible of 1815 there is one engraving by Doolittle, entitled " Lazarus at the Gate of Dives." Cornelius Tiebout, who was bom in New York in 1777 and died in 1830, was a prolific engraver, and lived to illustrate numerous editions of the Bible. He spent two years in London in the study of engrav- ing, and was the first American artist who received his education abroad. In Brown's Self-Interpreting Bible of 1 792 he has three pictures, " Moses Before the Burning Bush," " Samson Killing the Lion," and " Elijah and Elisha. " In the Berriman Bible of 1 796 there are five representations by this artist. In the Carey quarto edition of 7801 Tiebout contributed five engravings. In the Bible of 1804 by the same publisher, all the engravings, twenty in number, bear the signature of Tiebout. Again, in 1805, we meet the artist's signature to four engravings of the Carey Bible of that year, and the edition of 1806 has five more. The quarto Bible of Collins, Perkins & Co., New York, of 1807, has a portrait of St. Paul by Tiebout. His ability as an engraver was recognized not only in historical pictures for the Bible, but in other directions, for from celebrated oil-paintings of the day he engraved portraits of Washington, Gen- eral Gates, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Bishop White. Benjamin Tanner was a pupil of Tiebout, and was V / The Engravings of Early Bibles. 243 engaged extensively in bank-note engraving and the publication of maps. His work in the way of scrip- tural scenes is found in the Carey Bibles of 1801, 1803, 1805, and 181 2. In the edition published by Collins, Perkins & Co. in 1807, Tanner has an en- graving of " Moses Presenting the Tables," and a " Map of the Country Traveled by the Apostles." In the Bible of 18 16, printed by Collins & Co., one illustration was furnished by the same artist. Of Joseph Seymour very little is known. His name appears conspicuously in connection with the Thomas folio Bible of 1791, for out of the fifty illus- trations thirty-two bear the signature of this en- graver. Other Bibles contain his engravings, but they are the same plates repeated from the Thomas edition. His residence was in Philadelphia, where he engaged both in engraving and in landscape painting. The patriotic frontispiece in Brown's Self- Interpret- ing Bible of 1 792 was designed by William Dunlap, an artist of note in oil-painting. He was the author of several books, and for many years a prominent citizen of New York City. One of the most gifted and brilliant of the early engravers was Peter Maverick, who was born in New York in 1780. From his earliest youth he mani- fested a proclivity for art. When he was between 244 Early Bibles. nine and ten years of age he engraved a representa- tion of " Adam and Eve " as a frontispiece for an illustrated history of the Bible published by Hodge, Allen & Campbell of New York in 1790. The engraving of "Ruth", in Brown's Self- Interpreting Bible was executed by him or his father, who was also an artist. For the edition of Collins, Perkins & Co. of 1807 the younger Maverick engraved as a frontispiece to the New Testament " The Holy Fam- ily," after the painting by Caracci. This was so ad- mirably done that it called out the warmest approval of Trumbull. The best examples of Maverick's art are to be found in the Collins Bible of 18 16. With ii free and heroic hand he reproduced in engraving the paintings of several of the great masters. The frontispiece to the Old Testament is " The Murder of Abel," after Sacchi. The frontispiece to the New Testament is " The Virgin and Child," after Raphael, the joint work of D. Edwin and Maverick. Two of Rembrandt's paintings are engraved, namely, " Jacob Blessing the Sons of Joseph " and ' The Good Sa- maritan," the first by Fairman and Maverick, and the second by Kearny and Maverick. " Joseph In- terpreting Pharaoh's Dream," after Guercino, was produced by Boyd and Maverick. In conjunction with Tiebout the engraving entit'cti " St. Paul " was furnished. The great painting by W^est, " Elisha :,■ The Engravings of Early Bibles. 245 Restoreth the Shunamite's Son to Life," was en- graved alone by Maverick. The skill of this artist drew to his studio many pupils who desired his instruction, and among others A. B. Durand. Maverick was one of the founders of the National Academy in 1826. He had a wide rep- utation as engraver of portraits, and among his best efforts in this line were those of pictures of Wash- ington, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and the Rt. Rev. Benjamin Moore, the second bishop of New York. Thomas Gimbrede was born in France, in 1781, and came to America in 1802, and followed engrav- ing in New York for several years. In 18 19 he was appointed teacher of drawing at West Point, and held his position until his death, in 1832. He engraved a plate entitled " The Dismissal, of Hagar and Ish- mael," that appeared in the quarto Bible of Collins & Co. for the year 181 7. The engraving reappears in other Bibles of a later date. In his secular work he is chiefly remembered by a portrait of Commodore Perry, and a group of the four Presidents, Washing- ton, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison. His son, Joseph N. Gimbrede, was born at West Point, in 1820, and inherited the artistic temperament of his father. The quarto Bible published by Edward Dunigan & Bro. of New York in 1852 has, as a frontispiece to the 246 Early Bibles. Old Testament, " Moses Receiving the Tables of the Law," and in the New Testament a picture of the " Annunciation." Both of these were engraved by- Joseph N. Gimbrede. He also executed the well- known engraving of " Washington Crossing the Dela- ware Previous to the Battle of Trenton." Francis Kearny, who was a frequent engraver of religious subjects, was born at Perth Amboy, N. J. about the year 1780. He early indicated a love of art, and at eighteen years of age was placed under the instruction of Maverick, with whom he re- mained for three years. For a time he did business in New York, but in 18 10 removed to Philadelphia. In 1820 he formed a partnership with Tanner and others to carry on bank-note engraving. After three years the partnership was dissolved, and Kearny turned his attention to book engraving. Many of the illustrations in the early Bibles came from his hand. The quarto Bible of Collins & Co. published in 1 8 14 in New York contained a picture of "The Good Samaritan " by Kearny. Also he engraved "John the Baptist Baptizing," after the painting by Poussin, in the Collins Bible of 18 16. In 1823 Kim- ber & Sharpless of Philadelphia published a quarto Bible with an engraving of " The Murder of Abel," after Sacchi, and " The Deluge," after Poussin. Con- ner & Cooke of New York issued a i2mo Bible, in / in The Engravings of Early Bibles, 247 which the frontispiece to the New Testament repre- sents " Christ Blessing the Bread," from the painting of Carlo Dolci, and another engraving of " Christ Blessing Little Children," after the picture of Benja- min West. All these engravings were by Kearny, In 1839 Robert P. Desilver of Philadelphia published a i2mo Bible with seven engravings wholly the work of the same artist. The quarto Bible issued at Auburn and Buffalo in 1857 had several pictures that had the signature of Kearny. Some of his engravings were made in company with Maverick and other art- ists. Judging from the large number of his bibli- cal pictures, Kearny must have been a very facile workman. John B. Neagle, an English engraver, came to America while a young man, and settled in Phila- delphia. He died in 1866, at the age of sixty-five. He was an industrious artist, and has left many ex- amples of his skill. Of the twenty-seven engravings in the Brown Self-Interpreting Bible published by T. Kinnersley of New York in 1822, thirteen are by Neagle. In the quarto Bible of Kimber & Sharpless issued at Philadelphia in 1823, the frontispiece to the Old Testament, representing " The Last Supper," and the frontispiece to the New Testament, of " Mariae Virginis," are illustrations of Neagle's work. The folio Bible from the Latin Vulgate, printed by Eu- V 248 Early Bibles. gene Cummiskey at Philadelphia in 1825, contains eight engravings by the same artist. The frontis- piece to the New Testament is " Christ Giving the Keys to Peter." The Bible in two quarto volumes published by S.Walker of Boston in 1826 has four of Neagle's pictures. The quarto edition of the Scriptures, with the imprint of Langdon Coffin of Boston, in the year 1831, the i2mo Polyglot Bible of Thomas, Cowperthwaite & Co., Philac' 3 tie J3 to n Conn., June 26, 1774, and died April 18, 1827. He was in humble circumstances in early life, and was apprenticed to a blacksmith. His rude efforts at engraving led him to higher fields than the forge could offer, and at eighteen years of age he walked to Hudson, on the North River, and then made his way to Albany, where he found employment with Isaac and George Hutton, who were jewelers and en- gravers. Success followed him, and he entered into business for himself in 1796. In 1810 he went to Philadelphia, and engaged in engraving with other experts. The firm to which he belonged made so many improvements in engraving that tlic Bank of England awarded them ;^5ooo for accurate and in- genious work. The examples of biblical engraving by P'airman are not numerous. He engraved the frontispiece of the Old Testament in the quarto Bible of Collins, Perkins & Co., published in New York in 1807.* The subject is " Providence," from a painting by Caracci. With Maverick he engraved after Rem- brandt, " Jacob Blessing the Sons of Joseph," which appeared in the Collins & Co. Bible of 18 16. This last picture also was inserted in the Kimber & Sharp- less Bible issued at Philadelphia in 1823. Thomas Kelly was an Irishman by birth, but early learned engraving in Boston. The particulars of his life are not known. He engraved two scenes for 250 Early Bibles. the Brown Self-Interpreting Bible of 1822, namely, " Philistines Sending Back the Ark " and " David's Victory over Goliath." The Cummiskey Bible of 1825 has a "View of Jerusalem" by Kelly, and three other engravings. The subject of the frontis- piece to the Old Testament in the Bible printed by S. Walker at Boston in 1 826 is " Moses Pointing to Christ. Unto Him Ye Shall Listen." This, with "Ahasuerus and Esther," are the products of Kelly's genius. The Columbian Family and Pulpit Bible of 1822 has five engravings by Kelly, and his work is seen in several other editions of the Bible in later years. John Chorley was a Boston artist, who engraved the frontispiece to the Old Testament in the Colum- bian Bible last mentioned. It represents " The High Priest." In the same book there are twelve other engravings by him. Joseph Andrews was born at Hingham, Mass., August 17, 1806. At fifteen years of age he went to Boston and studied wood and copper-plate en- graving. In 1827 he entered into the engraving and printing business with his brother at Lancaster, Mass. In later years he visited London, Paris, and Florence to perfect himself in his art. He died at Boston, May 7, 1873. The quarto Bible published by Edmund Cushing at Luenburg, Mass., in 1828, The Engravings of Early Bibles. 251 contains an engraving of " Adam Naming the Crea- tion," which is signed " F. and J. Andrews, Lancas- ter, Mass " The fame of Joseph Andrews does not rest upon the treatment of religious subjects, but upon his portraits of Washington and Franklin, and his historical picture named "Plymouth, 1620." David Edwin, a well-known engraver in his day, was a native of Bath, England, where he was born in 1776. He worked his way to America in a sail- ing-ship, and after a voyage of nearly five months landed at Philadelphia in 1 797. He died in the lat- ter city, February 22, 1841. His chief success was in the direction of portrait engraving. He has left us but little in the way of biblical art. Associated with Maverick, he engraved a picture of " The Virgin Mary and Child " for the Collins Bible of 18 14. William E. Tucker was instructed in the art of engraving by Kearny, and attained much reputation for the work he furnished magazines. He was born at Philadelphia in 1801, and died there in 1857. He engraved the frontispiece to the Brown Self-In- terpreting Bible of 1 85 1, published at Baltimore by Joseph Neal. " Christ Weeping Over Jerusalem " is the subject. A. L. Dick was a native of Scotland, and came to this country in 1833. Prior to his coming he had received a thorough training in engraving with Rob- V, 252 Early Bibles. ert Scott of Edinburgh. He made New York his place of business, and was soon widely known as a first-class engraver. He was a master of art, and his instruction was eagerly sought for by many pupils. He died in 1865. In the i2mo Bible published by Conner & Cooke of New York in 1833, the first en- graving is by Dick, and is entitled " Scripture Gen- ealogy, from Adam to Christ." He also engraved the title-page of the New Testament with a vignette, representing " The Adoration of the Shepherds," for the quarto Bible published by D. & J. Sadlier of New York in 1845. The same book contains five other pictures executed by him. The Bible imprinted by Edward Dunigan & Bro. of New York in 1852 has four engravings that bear the name of Dick. The octavo Bible issued by the Dunigan firm in 1855 has " The Judgment of Solomon," engraved after the painting by Kubens, and also three other engravings by Dick ; but these last illustrations appeared before in other issues. The Sadlier quarto of 1853 has by the same engraver a representation of "Jerusalem," after the picture of \V. H. Bartlett. Henry B. Hall, an English engraver of high repute, came to the United States in 1850, and readily found employment among leading book men of New York. He engraved for the Sadlier quarto Bible of 1853 The Engravings of Early Bibles. 253 "The Descent from the Cross," after the famous painting of Rubens. George W. Hatch, a native of the State of New York and a pupil of A. B. Durand, is represented artistically in the frontispiece of the second volume of the octavo Bible published by Gray & Bowen of Boston in 1831 ; the subject is Correggio's " Mary Magdalen Reading the Scriptures." William Hoogland was a Boston engraver, his busi- ness in that city dating from the year 1825. He supplied the portrait of the Rev. Dr. Scott for the edition of Scott's Family Bible, published in Boston by Samuel T. Armstrong in 1827. Alexander Lawson was born in Ravenstruthers, Scotland, December 19, 1772. He came to Amer- ica in 1 792, and settled in Philadelphia. He died in 1846. His art ran mainly to the illustration of books and ornithology. He engraved the frontispiece to the hot-press Bible published by John Thompson and Abraham Small at Philadelphia in 1 798. William S. Leney was an Englishman by birth, and on coming to this country in the early part of this century entered into partnership with William Rollin- son, in the business of bank-note engraving. Leney was the engraver of four illustrations in the Collins, Perkins & Co. Bible of 1807, as follows: "Finding 254 Early Bibles. of Moses," " Elijah Raising the Widow's Son," " St. Matthew," and " St. Luke." James B. Longacre, a well-known line and stipple engraver, was born in Delaware Co., Pa., August 1 1, 1794, and died at Philadelphia, January i, 1869. He did a large amount of work as a portrait engraver, and was in the employ of the United States Mint for twenty-five years in making designs for coins. He made an engraving from West's painting of " EHsha Restoring the Widow's Son," which appeared in the i2mo Polyglot Bible published by Conner & Cooke of New York in 1833. John McGoffin, a native of Philadelphia, where he was born in 181 3, engraved a picture of "The Holy Family," which forms the frontispiece to the New Testament in the quarto Bible imprinted by E. A. & T. T. More, Dayton, O., in 1857. G. Parker, an Englishman by birth, built up his reputation as an engraver in this country. He fur- nished the frontispiece to the New Testament of the quarto Bible of Dunigan & Bro. published in New York in 1852. His subject is "Jesus Christ." In the same volume he has an engraving of " The In- fant St. John." In Sadlier's quarto of 1853 Parker contributed the plate entitled " Our Saviour in the Garden," from the picture by Carlo Dolci. Oliver Pelton developed a taste for art at an early The Engravings of Early Bibles. 255 age, and had a successful career. He was born at Portland, Conn., August 15, 1799. He was in busi- ness for many years in Boston. Later he removed to Hartford, Conn. Two engravings by him may be seen in the i2mo Bible of Silas Andrus, published at Hartford in 1828. The one is " Moses Receiving the Law," and the other " Tavid Playing on a Harp." Stephen A. Schoff, a pupil of Oliver Pelton, was born at Danville, Vt., January 16, 18 18. A specimen of his skill may be seen in the Brown Self- Inter- preting Bible published at Baltimore in 185 1. " De- parture of the Israelites from Egypt " is the subject treated. James Smillie was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, November 23, 1807, and in that country received his early education in art. He came to New York ia 1829, and was elected a member of the National Academy of Design in 1834. He ere long became eminent as a landscape engraver. He is best known by his pictures of "The Voyage of Life," after Thomas Cole. The frontispiece in the first volume of the octavo Bible published by Gray & Bowen of Boston in 1 83 1 is an engraving of the "Garden of Eden," made by Smillie from Thomas Cole's painting. The i2mo Bible of Conner & Cooke of 1833 has another engraving by Smillie, of " Samson Carrying Off the Gates of Gaza." He also furnished the picture en- 256 Early Bibles. titled " Modern Jerusalem " that illustrates the octavo Bible published by Carlton & Phillips of New York in 1852. James D. Smillie, his son, born in New York in 1833, followed the profession of his father. We have two specimens of his art in the quarto Bibje issued by A. S. Barnes & Co. of New York in 1856. These are illustrations of the " Pool of Siloam " and the " Mount of Olives." John Sartain and A. H. Richie, engravers of com- paratively recent times, aided to embellish the quarto Bible published by E. H. Butler & Co. of Philadelphia in the year 1847. The first American wood-engraver was Dr. Alex- ander Anderson, who was born in New York in 1 775, and died in Jersey City in 1870. Anderson was born with the artistic spirit, and from his youth was fond of sketching. His first attempt at engraving was made when he was twelve years old, and he was wholly self- instructed. His father did not en- courage his art propensities, but designed him for a physician. He was sent to Columbia College, and was graduated at that institution in 1 796. But his love of art was not to be quenched, and in 1 798 he abandoned the medical profession and returned to engraving. His skill brought him constantly into demand, and he illustrated many works, including The Engravings of Early Bibles. 257 editions of Shakespeare and Bell's " Anatomy." He was employed for many years in illustrating the pub- lications of the American Tract Society. Examples of his biblical engravings are to be found in the Bible of 1 80 1 printed by William Durell of New York, that of Collins, Perkins & Co. of 1807, and the edition printed by George Long of New York in 18 13. A Bible bearing the following imprint, " Philadel- phia: Published and sold by Isaac M. Moss, No. 12 South Fourth Street," is of interest to collectors, as it contains twenty full-page illustrations by Dr. An- derson. No date is on either of the title-pages. It has been conjectured that the year of publication was about 1844. Strangely enough, the publisher was a Jew. O'Callaghan does not mention this Bible. Of the twenty woodcuts, nine are from paintings of note, and the others are the creations of the en- graver's fancy. The impressions are all clear and sharp. We know absolutely nothing of most of the early engravers. They have passed into obscurity, and are not noticed even by a line in biographical encyclo- pedias and local histories. The early publishers did not always protect the work of the artists, for their signatures frequently were erased from the plates, and these plates used in different editions. Some of the subjects selected by the engravers y 258 Early Bibles. were, even in the best hands, difficult to execute, for they had to be evolved solely from the imagina- tion. Here are a few of the titles : " The Hypocrite Taking the Mote out of His Neighbor's Eye," " Job's Wife Tantalizing Him," "The Broad Way to Destruc- tion," " The Plague of Blood," " Moses and Aaron Expostulating with Pharaoh," " Vision of the Dragon Chained," " St. Peter's Vision of the Unclean Ani- mals," " Obadiah Concealing the Prophets," and " David at his Early Devotions." While many of the early illustrations are crude and coarse, it must be remembered that they were made under adverse circumstances. Art centers were few, the journey to Europe was long and tedious, and great teachers were not at hand. Illustrated books were not numerous, and the opportunities that quicken genius only came at intervals. We must therefore appreciate the work which the engravers did, for doubtless it represented faithful application, and the best use of materials within reach. THK NEW TESTAMENT or.ou* LORD AND SATIOIR JESD^ CflJtlST TIUNSLATED OUT OV THi; 0RIGIN4.JU GJI&EJB.; I I ■ I '■i l l ! li > . ■ il II AfJCtJSTA. CQWVEDmUTS STATES ilBifi.V>ffKfy. iHafnvTKb m tmb tea* ISdl i86« / I'' / Fac-slmile of the title page of the New Testament published by tliu Confederate Stales Bit)le Society in 181)2. Exact size. •! BIBLES AND BIBLE SOCIETIES. Among the most potent factors of modern times for the spread of revealed truth must be placed Bible Societies. The work accomplished by them is truly- stupendous. A little circular issued by the Amer- ican Bible Society states " that since the year 1 804 more than one hundred and eighty millions of Bibles, Testaments, and integral portions of the Bible have been distributed in all parts of the world through the agency of Bible Societies alone." The ripest Christian scholarship of the day has been called into service in making the many transla- tions. The circular just referred to says : Few persons appreciate the difficulty of rendering the Scriptures from the original Hebrew and Greek into languages which have not been previously pervaded and molded by Christian thought ; yet in laying foundations for generations that are to follow, one may well de- vote to the work the energies of a lifetime. The translation of the Bible into Arabic, by Dr. Eli Smith and Dr. Van Dyck, required the labor of sixteen years. Dr. Schauffler, of Constantinople, completed in 1874 the translation of the Turkish version of the Scriptures which he began as long ago as i860. Fifteen years of continuous labor were spent by Dr. Schereschewsky in rendering the Old Testament 259 26o Early Bibles. I I into the Mandarin Culloquial. After forty years of study and nf mis. sionary lttl)or, Dr. Williamson and Dr. Rii;i;s compictcil their Dokota version of the liible, and one of them estimated that he spent on an average full thirty minutes on eaeh verse he translated. I'rotestunt missionaries were sent to Japan in 1H59, hut twenty years had passeil before their translation of the entire New Testament was ready for circulation. These are illustrations of the labor expended l)y Chris- tian missionaries in the preliminary work of preparing new versions of Scripture. The British and Foreign Bible Society offered the sum of one thousand dollars to the first organization similar to its own founded in America. This sum was claimed by, and paid to, the Philadelphia Bible Society, which was organized in the year 1808. The constitution was penned by Dr. Benjamin Rush, who was an officer of the organization for a number of years. In 1840 the name was changed to "The Pennsylvania Bible Society," which is its present title. It did not become auxiliary to the American Bible Society, but agreed, in 1840, to restrict its op- erations to Pennsylvania and to pay over all surplus funds. Rev. J. Owen, the secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, says: " If to Great Britain be- longs the honor of being the parent of the Philadel- phia Bible Society, Philadelphia may on her part claim equally the honor of having set the first example of a Bible Society in the United States of America, and of having by her zeal, liberality, and discriminative wisdom, induced so extensive an imitation of her con- Bibles and Bible Societies. a6i duct as not to leave a single State throughout the Union without one or more of these excellent and most useful establishments." The secr>nd organization for the dissemination of the Scriptures formed in the United States was the Connecticut Bible Society, at Hartford, in May, 1809. The third was the Massachusetts Bible So- ciet} , founded at Boston in July of the same year. This was followed by the New York Bible and Common Prayer Book Society in New York City, in Novemiter, 1809. It was incorporated in 1841. The founder was the Rt. Rev. John Henry Hobart, D.D. This society has done, and is doing, an exten- sive work in the free distribution of the Scriptures, and in addition to its English publications has printed many volumes in the German, Spanish, French, and Dakota languages. It distributes annually over fifty thousand books, and numerous parishes and mission stations are generously aided. The Young Men's Bible Society, a Methodist or- ganization of New York City, the New Hampshire Bible Society, and the New Jersey Bible Society, were also instituted in 1809. The American Bible Society was organized on May 8, 18 16, in New York City. There were sixty delegates present, representing thirty-five local Bible Societies and the Society of Friends. The constitu- : 262 Early Bibles. tion was drawn up and adopted, and the Hon. Elias Boudinot was elected president. An address written by Rev. Dr. John M. Mason was distributed through- out the country. The society since its organization has had eleven presidents and thirty-three vice- presidents. Nine standing committees supervise and carry out the work of the various departments. The society has forty thousand life members. The pub- lishing house in Astor Place was erected in 1853 at the cost of $300,000. One of the official publica- tions of the organization states : The Society has a unique and valuable biblical library, the com- mencement of which was made in 1817. The number of volumes at the present time is not far from thirty-five hundred, the greater part of which have been presented to the Society by its friends. The col- lection consists chiefly of editions of the Holy Scriptures in more than one hundred and fifty languages and dialects. It has a connd^raUe number of versions and revisions in English of earlier and later date than the version in common use. The various editions published at the expense of the Society in foreign lands are well represented. The library contains an .ancient Hebrew roll from China and some speci- mens of early typography; Latin Bibles of 1476 and 1480; Gerbelius's Greek Testament of 1521 ; the first edition of the Syriac New Testa- ment, 1555; Tischendorf's Codex .Sinaiucus ; the first and second edi- tion of King James's Bible; the first editions of the Rhemish Testa- ment and the Douay Bible ; and many other volumes hardly less interesting. The society from its organization to March 31, 1887, issued 48,324,916 volumes, and during the same time its receipts amounted to $23,243,545.37. It has presented to each of the reigning monarchs of Bibles and Bible Societies. 263 the world a splendidly bound copy of the Scriptures. Its distribution of the Bible is general, and extends to the army and navy, to immigrants, to the freedmen, to humane and criminal institutions, to seamen, to the destitute poor, and to needy Sunday-schools and feeble missions. It has also made extensive transla- tions of the Scriptures. On this point the Manual says : The Society has promoted the circulation of the Bible, or integral portions of it, in more than eighty differ? vt languages and dialects. Many of these have been printed on its ..wn presses, or immediately at its own expense, while others have betn purchased or published by means of grants to missionary societies. At New York the Society has printed the entire Bilik' in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Welsh, German, Danish, Swedish, Arabic, Esthonian, Armenian, Hawaiian, and Zulu ; also the A^ew Testament in Italian, Slavonic, Bulgarian, Ancient Syriac, and Mod- ern Syriac ; also for the Indians of North America, the Dakota Bible, the Cher, kee and Choctaw New Testament, with portions of the Old Testament, the Ojibwa New Testament, besides smaller portions in Seneca, Delaware, Muskokee, Mohawk, and Nez Perces. Versions of parts of the Bible have also been printed in Arrawack and Creolese, for South America ; in Benga, Mpongwe, Ebon, and Grebn, for Africa ; in the dialects of Kusaie, Ponape, Mortlock, and Gilbert Islands, and in Japanese. Its foreign operations include also the circulation of various copies manufactured abroad ; among which may be mentioned the Bridgman and Culbertson, and the Mandarin, Canton, Fuhchow, Ningpo, Amoy, and Shanghai CoUoquials, in China; the Hebrew-Spanish, Turkish, Armeno-Turkish, Grscco-Turkish, Azerjiban, Ancient and Modern Armenian, Persian and Koordish, in the Levant; the Hindi, Urdu, and various other languages in India and Ceylon ; the Siamese, Mon- golian, Japanese, Ebon, and Reval-Esthonian. .( 264 Early Bibles. The expedition with which Bibles are printed is one of the marvels of the present age. In a little publication of the American Bible Society the state- ment is made that the printing is done at the Bible House " upon fifteen Adams presses of medium size, and six stop-cylinder presses of the largest size, the capacity of the whole being sufficient for the annual production of about two million volumes of the Scrip- tures, large and small, " The stop-cylinder press takes a sheet of paper 32 by 44 inches, and printing 64 pages 24mo at each impression, throws off 960 pages, or the equivalent of one small Bible, every minute. This is at the rate of six hundred Bibles a day. Volumes of large size are completed with corresponding rapidity, the larg- est quarto volume requiring only about eight minutes of presswork. " In the bindery the use of modern machinery contributes to the economy of manufacture. Twelve book-folding machines and six book-sewing machines, each of which requires a single attendant, do the work of more than a hundred hand-folders and hand-sew- ers. Each folding- machine is expected to fold from fifteen hundred to eighteen hundred sheets an hour, and each sewing-machine does the stitching of fif- teen hundred sheets in the same time. A visitor who spends four minutes at the press, and as much V '^. Bibles and Bible Societies. 265 at each of these machines, sees in that time what is equivalent to the printing of four Bibles, the folding of two, and the sewing of two. "At the same time, it is not intended that the most rapid operations of manufacture should inter- fere with thorough and enduring workmanship. " In general, the Society's printing is done from its own electrotype plates, which have been prepared with great care and at a large outlay. Especial pains are taken with the proof-reading, and it is believed that publications can rarely be found which are so uniformly free from errors of the press. *' In foreign lands the printing for the Society is done sometimes from plates, but more usually from types, or from lithograph stones or engraved blocks of wood, according to the customs of the people for whose benefit the Scriptures are prepared." The Bible Association of Friends in America was founded in 1828. Philadelphia was made the print- ing and distributing center. The books have, as a rule, been given away, and especially to the Indians and the freedmen. From the date of its organiza- tion to the end of the year 1882 the society had distributed 2 1 7,61 1 volumes. The American and Foreign Bible Society began its existence May 12, 1836, in New York City, but the organization was not completed until 1837. It V 266 Early Bibles. was founded and sustained by members of the Bap- tist denomination. In 1838 it issued an octavo edi- tion of the Scriptures, which was a reprint of an Oxford Bible of 1833. The New Testament in duo- decimo was printed in 1838. This society for a num- ber of years issued editions of the Scriptures, and assisted the Rev. Dr. Judson of India in publishing a Bible in the Burmese language. On June 10, 1850, the American Bible Union, also a Baptist organization, was founded in New York City. The object was to promote the translation and printing of a Baptist version of the Bible. This was done by publishing separate books from time to time. The first to appear was the Book of Job, in 1856. The book is a quarto of 165 pages, with the King James translation, the Hebrew text, and the re- vised Baptist version in parallel columns, " with criti- cal and philological notes " at the bottom of the pages. The translation was made by the Rev. Thomas J. Conant, D.D., professor of sacred literature in Roch- ester Theological Seminary. Genesis appeared in 1868, the Psalms in 1869, the Book of Proverbs in 1 87 1, and the Books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth in 1878. In 1865 the union published a revised edition of the New Testament. While there are several hun- dred emendations, they refer mostly to small words, Bibles and Bible Societies. 267 is, such as the use of " says " for " saith." The princi- pal and most decided changes in the translation con- sist in the substitution of " immerse " for " baptize," and "immersing" for "washing." The following quotations will show the nature of the revision : St. Mark vii. 3. For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, unless they wash their hands diligently, do not eat, holding the tradition of the elders ; 4. And coming from the market, unless they immerse themselves, they do not eat ; and there are many other things which they received to hold, immersions of cups, and pots, and brazen vessels, and couches. St. John i. 25. And they asked him, and said to him. Why then dost thou immerse, if thou art not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet? 26. John answered them, saying, I immerse in water. 28. These things took place in Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John was immersing. 32. And John testified, saying, I have beheld the Spirit descending as a dove out of heaven, and it abode upon him. 33. And I knew him not ; but he who sent me to immerse in water, he said to me, Upon whomsoever thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and abiding on him, this is he who immerses in the Holy Spirit. St. John iii. 22. After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of Judaea; and there he remained with them, and im- mersed. 23. And John also was immersing in ^Enon near Salim, because there was much water there ; and they came, and were immersed. This version of the New Testament is not as a rule read in public services, but is used as a book of reference. There is a difference of opinion among 268 Early Bibles. Baptists regarding it, and one edition is printed with the word " immerse," and another with the word "baptize." In 1862 the Confederate States Bible Society was instituted at Augusta, Ga. An i8mo edition of the New Testament was printed at Atlanta, which was the sole publication of the society. This is now a rare book. A copy sold at Bangs, in New York, March 9, 1893, for $8.25. The edition was not over five hundred copies. d with word y was of the h was now a York, t over r^-' 'J'*W ' . • •n-.-^Mi- ■■"/f:''^ '^^^ ""^ ■<■,■?;•' siVf" tirr*^'^!!! ^M a 'S a St V S jo & u a 60 a J3 O O h THE BIBLE AMONG THE INDIAN TRIBES. 3 u O d .2.3 hi VI 0- 03 « — '& a a. J3 O Fifteen years after the issue of the last edition of the Eliot Bible — that of 1685 — the book had be- come scarce among the Massachusetts Indians. Rev. Experience Mayhew, a missionary at Martha's Vine- yard, writes : " These Indians are therefore very de- sirous of another Impression of the Bible, if it might be obtained; and divers of them have told me, as well as some of those on Nantucket — whom I have divers times visited — that they should be willing ac- cording to their capacity, to contribute to it." Mr. Mayhew set to work to meet this emergency, as he was well fitted for it from his knowledge of the In- dian language. He translated the Psalms and the Gospel according to St. John, the same appearing in a i2mo book published at Boston in 1709. The Indian and English appear on the same page divided by a line. There is a title-page in Indian and another in English. The latter reads : "The Massachuset Psalter: or Psalms of David With the Gospel According to John, In Columns of 269 270 Early Bibles. Indian and English. Being An Introduction for Train- ing up the Aboriginal Natives, in Reading and Under- standing the Holy Scriptures. John v. 39. Search the Scriptures, for in them ye think ye have eternal Life, and they are they which testifie of Me. Boston, N. E. Printed by B. Green and J. Printer, for the Honourable Company for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England, &c. 1709." Dr. Trumbull says: " Mayhew's version of the Psalms and Gospel of John is founded upon Eliot's ; but every verse underwent revision, and scarcely one remains without some alteration. The spelling dif- fers considerably from that of Eliot and others, who had learned the language among the Indians of the mainland." Dr. Trumbul' also expresses the opinion that the Mayhew version surpasses the Eliot " in lit- eral accuracy and its observance of the requirements of Indian grammar." This little book is now classed among rare Americana. A copy at the Brinley sale, in superior binding, reached $135, and another, in the original binding, $50. The few extant copies are found mainly in the older libraries of New Eng- land. In 1820 Dr. Edwin James, a native of Vermont, who had received a special training in medicine, geology, and botany, was appointed geologist and ;s The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 271 botanist to an exploring expedition under the com- mand of Major Samuel H. Long, which went from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains. In this expedi- tion Dr. James was not only interested in the special line of his studies, but also in the manners, customs, and languages of the Indian tribes. He wrote a book bearing the title " A Narrative of the Captivity and Adventures of John Tanner (U. S. Interpreter at the Sault de Ste. Marie), during Thirty Years' Residence among the Indians in the Interior of North Amer- ica," which was published in New York in 1830. He describes in this book not only the plant and animal life of the country, but the music, poetry, and dialects of the Indians. In one of the chapters he translates the Lord's Prayer and the first chapter of Genesis into the Chippewa language. In 1832 Lincoln & Edmands printed and the Baptist Board of Missions published " Chippewa First Lessons in Spelling and Reading," by Dr. James. In add' ;ion to the lessons the little book contains prayers and hymns, and a translate ^n of a part of the fifth chapter of the Epis- tle to the Ephesians. Dr. James edited larger spell- ing-books at a later date, containing translations of the Sermon on the Mount, and other portions of Scripture. In 1833 Packard & Van Benthuysen of Albany printed the first version of the entire New Testa- 272 Early Bibles. ment in the Chippewa language. The translation was made by Dr. James, assisted by John Tanner, the Indian interpreter. The book is a i2mo of 484 pages, with the Ten Commandments and a hymn at the end. The Indian title-page as translated reads : " Our Great God who saved us, Jesus Christ, His Covenant or Promise." In 1837 Crocker & Brewster of Boston printed for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions the Gospel of St. Luke in Chippewa, the translation being made by Rev. Sherman Hall, as- sisted by George Copway, an Indian preacher. The same printers in 1838 issued the Acts of the Apos- tles, by the above-named translators. Also the same year a Chippewa version of St. John was published by the firm, the translation being the work of John and Peter Jones, native teachers. That eminent scholar in Indian literature, Henry R. Schoolcraft, LL.D., in the fifth volume of his " His- torical and Statistical Information Respecting the His- tory, Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States," translated the first chapter of Genesis, the fifth chapter of St. Matthew, and the thirteenth chapter of the First Epistle to the Corin- thians, into Chippewa. In 1844 the American Bible Society printed the New Testament in Chippewa, the translation being The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 273 made by Rev. Henry Blatchford. Editions were re- peated in 1856 and 1875. The Indian Commission of the Episcopal Church in 1875 printed the Book of Common Prayer in Chippewa for the use of the Indians at White Earth, Minn. It was a revision of Dr. O'Mcura's transla- tion, made by Archdear on J. A. Gilfilkn, assisted by three half-breed Indians. In 1760 the Rev. Bernard A. Grube was s. at as missionary to Wechquetanc, Pa., whert <^he Mora- vians had started a work among the i"/elaware In- dians. Three years later he C( ii-j led a hymn : jok in the language of the tribe, ..nd j. Brandmiiller of Bethlehem printed it, the date being 1763. There is only one copy of this book known to be in exis- tence, and it is in the possesp'on of the Pennsyl- vania Historical Society. The same year Mr. Grube translated and had published at Bethlehem, Pa., by J. Brandmiiller, " A Han.iony of the Gospels," in the Delaware language, but not a single copy of this book is known to c:::s'. In 1 818 D. Fanshaw of New York printed for the American Bible Society the three Epistles of St. John, translated \'^\ .. the Delaware language by the Rev. C. F. Dencke, a Moravian missionary among the In- dians at West Fairfield, Canada. The History of Our Lord, " in the very words of 274 Early Bibles. Scripture," by the Rev. Samuel Lieberkuhn, was trans- lated into Delaware Indian by the Rev. David Zeis- berger, a Moravian minister, in 182 1. It was printed by D. Fanshaw of New York. Another edition of the book was printed in 1837 at the Shawanoe Baptist mission. Rev. Mr. Zeisberger translated a number of books into the Delaware tongue, and was regarded as the leading authority in that language. In 1838 Daniel Fanshaw printed "Forty-six Se- lect Scripture Narratives from the Old Testament," translated into Delaware Indian for the instruction of youth. The translator was the Rev. Abraham Luckenbach, a representative of the Moravians. He left a manuscript translation of the Acts of the Apos- tles, but it was never printed. Wars and disturbances brought the Moravian mis- sions to an end, as the Delaware Indians were forced west of the Alleghanies. In 1 789 they were placed on reservations in Ohio, next, in 18 18, removed to Missouri, and finally driven to the Indian Territory, where in time their tribal relations ceased. The Rev. Johnston Lykins, a Baptist missionary, translated the Gospel of St. Matthew into the Sha- wanoe language, which was printed by J. Meeker in 1836, by the Shawanoe Mission Press, in the Indian Territory. Another edition appeared in 1842. In 1 84 1 the Gospel of St. Matthew and in 1844 the The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 275 Gospel of St. John were published in the Ottawa language. The translators were Rev. Jotham Meeker and Rev. Francis Barker. Both books were printed by the Shawanoe Mission Press. In 1844 the Gospel of St. Matthew and the Acts of the Apostles appeared in the Pottawotomi language. This is a rare book. A copy from the Brinley Library brought $13. The translation was the work of Rev. Mr. Lykins, and the printer William C. Buck, Louisville, Ky. Father Zephyrin translated the Roman Catholic prayer-book into Menominee for the Indians of Wisconsin. The book was published by B. Herder, St. Louis, Mo., in 1882. Passages of Scripture have also appeared in the dialect of the Mohegan, Penobscot, Abnaki, and Menominee tribes. All the translations thus far spoken of, belong to the Algonquian stock, a family more interesting his- torically than any of the other Indian races. Mr. James C. Pilling says:i "The Algonquian- speaking peoples covered a greater extent of coun- try, perhaps, than those of any other of the linguistic stocks of North America, stretching from Labrador to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Churchill River of Hudson Bay to Pamlico Sound in North Carolina ; and the literature of their languages is by far the greatest in extent of any of the stocks north 1 " Bibliography of the Algonquian Languages," p. 3 of preface. 276 Early Bibles. of Mexico, being equaled, if at all, by only one south of that line — the Nahuatl. Probably every language of the family is on record, and of the more promi- nent, extensive records have been made. In two, the Massachusetts and the Cree, the whole Bible has been printed. ... In two others, the Chippewa and the Micmac, nearly the whole of the Scriptures has been printed, and portions thereof have appeared in a number of others. In the Abnaki, Blackfoot, Chippewa, Cree, Delaware, Micmac, and Nipissing rather extensive dictionaries have been printed, and of the Abnaki, Nipissing, Blackfoot, Chippewa, Illi- nois, Massachusetts, Montagnais, and Pottawotomi, there are manuscript dictionaries in existence. Of grammars we have in print the Abnaki, Blackfoot, Chippewa, Cree, Massachusetts, Micmac, and Nipis- sing, and in manuscript the Illinois, Menominee, Mon- tagnais, and Pottawotomi. In nearly every language of the family, prayer-books, hymn-books, tracts, and scriptural texts have appeared." This statement covers the work of translations done among the Algonquian Indians both in the United States and Canada. While the Algonquian is historically the most at- tractive of Indian tongues, " to the Iroquoian," says Mr. Pilling,' " perhaps belongs the honor of being ' " Bibliography of the Iroquoian Languages," p. 5 of preface. V / at- lays The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 277 the first of our American families of languages to be placed upon record. At any rate, it is the first of which we have any positive knowledge, the vocabu- laries appearing in the account of Cartier's second voyage to America, published at Paris in 1545." If this conjecture be true, the Iroquoian publications are close competitors with the early books of old Mexico. Mr. Pilling also says: "While the whole Bible has not been printed in Iroquois, the greater portion of it has been printed in both the Cherokee and the Mohawk." The first portion of Scripture translated into Chero- kee was the third chapter of the Gospel of St. John, the translator a native Cherokee, whose Indian name was At-see, and known as John Arch. This transla- tion was made in 1824, and was circulated in manu- script. Arch's effort ^ " was received with wonder- ful avidity and was copied many hundred times and read by the multitudes whom he had visited in his tour, thus preparing the way for its quick reception among his people." In 1825 David Brown, a native Indian, translated the New Testament into Cherokee, which was also circulated in manuscript, as types for printing in this language had not been made. The first actual printing of Scripture in Cherokee 1 Foster's " Biography of Se-quo-yah," p. 120. V 278 Early Bibles. appeared in the Missionary Herald of December, 1827, and consisted of the first five verses of Gene- sis, translated by the Rev. Samuel A. Worcester, D.D. In 1828 the Gospel of St. Matthew was trans- lated by Major George Lowrey and David Brown, the printing of which was begun in the Cherokee Phanix, April 3, 1828, and completed July 29, 1829. It is uncertain whether this translation was ever pub- lished in book form or not. In 1829 Rev. Samuel A. Wore? ster and Mr. Boudinot, editor of the Cher- okee Phoenix, published a revised translation of St. Matthew's Gospel, of which a thousand copies were printed at the Cherokee National Press at New Echota. It is a 24mo book of 1 24 pages. The second edition of this translation, published in 1832, states on the title-page that it had been " compared with the trans- lation of George Lowrey and David Brown." A third edition was printed by the Park Hill Mission Press in 1840, and a fourth and fifth by the same press in 1844 and 1850. The same translators — ^Worcester and Boudinot — published the Acts of the Apostles in Cherokee in 1833. It was printed by John F. Wheeler and John Candy at New Echota. Second and third editions were issued in 1842 and 1848. They also set forth a translation of St. John's Gospel in 1838, from the Park Hill Mission Press, which reached second, third. The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 279 and fourth editions in 1841, 1847, and 1854. Mr. Worcester not only translated the portions of the New Testament named above, but also parts of the Old Testament. The Book of Exodus, printed by the Park Hill Mission Press in 1853, and the Book of Genesis, in 1856, were his translations. With the help of Stephen Foreman, a Cherokee convert, por- tions of the Psalms, Proverbs, and Isaiah were trans- lated. From 1840 to 1858 nearly all the Epistles of the New Testament and the Book 0/ Revelation were translated and published. In some cases the names of the translators do not appear, and occasionally the date is omitted. A translation of St. Mark's Gospel was issued by the Baptist Mission Press without date, and in 1850 the Gospel of St. Luke way printed at Park Hill Mission Press, but no translator's name is attached. References have been found to an edition of the New Testament in Cherokee printed by the Park Hill Mis- sion Press in 1850, and to a translation of the New Testament made by the Rev. Evan Jones in 1847, but at the best these are only supposed editions, as no copies have been seen. An edition of the Chero- kee New Testament was issued in i860. The text is printed in double columns of 408 pages, making a duodecimo book. \\ 28o Early Bibles. The Rev. Samuel Austin Worcester, D.D., gave the thirty-four years of his ministry to work among the Cherokee Indians. He was born at Worcester, Mass., in 1 798. He was graduated at the University of Vermont in 1819, and at the Andover Theolog- ical Seminary in 1823. In 1825 he began his mis- sionary labors among the Cherokees at Brainerd,Tenn. Two years later he removed to New Echota, where a printing-press was established. He served at other stations, and finally settled, in 1836, at Park Hill, where most of his translations and publications first saw the light. While he received assistance from Christianized natives, the work of giving the Indians the Scriptures was mainly due to his scholarship and devotion. The alphabet or Cherokee syllabary used in printing, and consisting of eighty-six characters, was invented by a half-breed named Se-quo-yah, otherwise George Guess, in 182 1. Mr. Worcester died at Park Hill in 1859. The, first translation of Scripture into the Mohawk tongue of which we have any record was made by the Rev. Bernardus Freeman, of the Reformed Dutch Church at Schenectady, N, Y, It consisted of the Gospel of St. Matthew, the first three chapters of Genesis, parts of Exodus, several Psalms, the fifteenth chapter of i Corinthians, and various portions of the New Testament relating to the life, death, resurrec- V * % / s i The Bible among the Indian Tribes, 281 / tion, and ascension of Christ. These translations were made probably between the years 1700 and 17 10. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, " since they could by no means pre- vail on the Indians to learn English, neither young nor old, laboured to get some good translations made, of parts of the Scripture at least, into the Indian lan- guage." The society therefore applied to Mr. Free- man for " any proper papers wrote in that language which he might have," to which request he readily complied, presenting besides the above-named scrip- tural selections, a translation of the Morning and Evening Prayer, which the society sent to their re- cently appointed missionary, the Rev. William An- drews. These translations, existing only in writing, could not exert as wide and constant an influence as was needed, so the society instructed Mr. Andrews to print some of theru and distribute them among the Indians who had a knowledge of letters. This prayer-book, with its chapters from the Old and New Testaments, was printed by William Bradford in New York in 171 5. The Rev. William M. Beauchamp, writing in the Church IZclcctic for 1 88 1 of this early Mohawk pub- lication, says: "This first edition is wholly in Mo- hawk, as are the two which followed it. The book is a small quarto, and is said to have been translated 282 Early Bibles. by Lawrence Claesse, under the direction of William Andrews, missionary. Claesse was a good interpreter, not only commonly attending when the council fire was blazing at Albany, but also frequently visiting the Onondaga Castle and council fire. He probably revised and added to the original translation. The title shows a considerable difference in the spelling and pronunciation of many Mohawk words between that day and this, much like the changes in our own language." The book has an English title-page, and another in Mohawk. The text numbers 1 1 5 pages. This publication ranks among rare Americana, and the price steadily rises with the lapse of years. A copy offered at the Murphy sale reached $112, and another in a Quaritch catalogue was marked $240. In 1 763 a new edition was published at Boston, imprinted by Richard & Samuel Draper. It differs from the first in the omission of the chapters from the Old and New Testaments. In 1 769 another edition appeared containing " some Sentences of the Holy Scriptures." In reference to the translators the title-page reads, "Collected and translated into the Mohawk Language under the Direction of the late Rev. Mr. William Andrews, the late Rev. Dr. Henry Barclay, and the Rev. Mr. John Ogilvie." The book was printed in New York by W. Weyman & Hugh Gaine. It con- J The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 283 tains 204 pages. The Brinley copy brought $75, and another at the Murphy sale %2'j. The Rev. Johann C. Pyrlaeus, a Moravian mission- ary, translated between the years 1745 and 1751 the first three chapters of Genesis, the first and second chapters of St. Matthew, and " New Testament words and passages," but the manuscripts were never pub- lished. An edition of the Mohawk Prayer-book printed in London in 1787, while not properly a part of this record, is noticeable because it contains a translation of the Gospel of St. Mark by Captain Joseph Brant, a native Indian, and because this was the first of the Gospels to appear printed throughout in the Mohawk language. Brant was a Mohawk chief who took a conspicuous part in the campaign of Lake George in 1755. He threw his influence against the cause of the colonies and was the leader in numerous conflicts with them. Opportunities were given him for edu- cation in an American school, and his life was turned to good purposes. He twice visited England, and was received with marked attention. While there he had the Prayer-book and the Gospel of St. Mark translated into Mohawk, and also solicited funds for building a church. Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D.D., while pastor in New Haven, published in 1788 a work entitled " Observa- 284 Early Bibles. tions on the Language of the Muhhekaneew Indians," in which was given a version of the Lord's Prayer in Mohawk. The book was published at the request of the Connecticut Society of Arts and Sciences. In 1818 the American Bible Society published the Gospel of St. John in the Mohawk language. This is a reprint of the English edition which had been published in London in 1805 by the British and Foreign Bible Society — " a reprint so accurate," says Mr. Pilling. " that it copies all the typographic errors of the first edition and reproduces the page of errata at tht end." Next in order came the Gospel of St. Luke in 1827, translated by H. A. Hill, an Indian convert, whose name is identified with almost every Mohawk trans- lation of Scripture from this time until 1835, some- times as .sole translator, and at other times in con- nection with an assistant. The book above referred to, as appearing in 1827, was printed for the Ameri- can Bible Society by A. Hoyt. It is a i6mo in size, with the Mohawk and English printed alternately in double numbers. In 1829 McElrath & Bangs printed for the New York District Bible Society the Gospel of St. Mark in the Mohawk language. Captain Brant being the translator. The book is a duodecimo of 239 pages, in alternate Mohawk and English. An edition of * • i The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 285 this same translation, together with other portions of Scripture, was published in the same year for the same society, and included, besides the Gospel of St. Mark, portions of Genesis, St. Matthew, and various verses. In 1831 McElrath & Bangs printed for the Young Men's Bible Society of New York the Gospel of St. Matthew in Mohawk and English. The translation was made by Hill and Wilkes. There was a reprint of this book entirely in Mohawk in 1836 by Howe & Bates. In 1833 McElrath & Bangs printed the Gospel according to St. Luke in Mohawk. This was also trani:lated by Hill and Wilkes. The same printers, with Hess and Wilkes as translators, issued the Acts of the Apostles in 1834, in alternate Mohawk and English, and Howe & Bates printed a subsequent edition in 1835, with the text entirely in Mohawk. In 1834 McElrath & Bangs printed the First Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians in alternate Mohawk and English, with Hill and Wilkes as translators. Howe & Bates printed another edition in 1836. The former is a i6mo, and the latter, wholly in Mohawk, a i2mo. In 1835 the above-named printers issued the Epistle to the Romans, the Epistle to the Galatians, and the Epistle to the Ephesians, each of the three volumes :2mo. being 386 Early Bibles. In 1836 the Gospel of St. John, the Epistles of St. Peter and St. John, the Epistle of St. Jude, and the Book of Revelation were printed in Mohawk. These six volumes are without title-pages, and are supplied only with headings. In 1836, with Hess and Wilkes as translators, the Epistles to the Philippians, Colos- sians, Thessalonians, St. Timothy, St. Titus, St. Phile- mon, and the Hebrews were published. These seven books were all printed by Howe & Bates for the Young Men's Bible Society of New York. They are wholly in Mohawk, and are i2mos, with the ex- ception of the Epistle to the Hebrews, which is a l6mo. A little book of sixteen pages, bearing on the printed cover the words, " Prayers for families, and for particular persons, selected from the Book of common prayer," was printed at Albany in 18 16, by G. J. Loomis & Co. The translation was made by the Indian missionary, the Rev. Eleazer Williams. A revised and enlarged edition, which included the Order for Morning and Evening Prayer, and also a portion of the Psalms, was published by the same translator in 1853. The book bears the imprint of the " Protestant Episcopal Tract Society " of New York. The text is in Mohawk, except a few of the headings, which are in English. Another edition was published in New York in 1867, bearing the name The Bible itmoug the Indian Tribes. 287 of " H. B. Durand, 1 \ Bible House." Still another appeared in New York in 1875, with " T. Whittaker, 2 Bible House," as publisher. The Rev. Eleazer Williams was widely known be- cause of his romantic history. His mother was a daughter of the Rev. John Williams, and being carried with her father into captivity, eventually married a chief of the Caughnawaga Indians. Another feature that added to his eventful life was the claim which was set up, and argued with considerable plausibility, that he was the dauphin of Louis XVI. It remains to add that a translation of the Book of Isaiah was printed in 1839 by D. Fanshaw for the American Bible Society. It is an i8mo volume of 343 pages, entirely in the Mohawk language. As early as 181 8 some portion of Holy Scripture had been published in Seneca, for a book of hymns in the Seneca language, bearing that date, contains the third chapter of St. John's Gospel and the Lord's Prayer. This i6mo work, in which the text occupies nineteen pages, was published at Buffalo, with the imprint of H. A. Salisbury. The translation was made by Jabez B. Hyde. The annual report of the New York Missionary Society, dated April, 1820, in speaking of a spell- ing-book in the Seneca tongue by Mr. Hyde, says that he " is about publishing in the same language 288 Early Bibles. Christ's Sermon on the Mount and the first six chap- ters of the Evangelist John." As nearly as can be ascertained, the next publica- tion in Seneca was a translation of the Sermon on the Mount, by the Rev. Thompson S. Harris, and J. Young, printed in 1829, in an i8mo volume of six- teen pages, by the American Bible Society. Also in 1829 a translation by Mr. Harris of the Gospel of St. Luke in alternate English and Seneca in an i8mo book of 149 pages was issued by the American Bible Society, and possibly St. Matthew's Gospel by the same translator, though the exact date is uncertain. The name of the Rev. Asher Wright is prominently connected with early translations into the Seneca lan- guage. From the time of his graduation at Andover Theological Seminary in 1831, he gave his ministry of nearly forty-one years to missionary work among the Seneca Indians. Mr. Pilling makes the follow- ing note of Mr. Wright's history:^ "After entering upon his field of labor, he became convinced that a knowledge of the Seneca language would greally aid him in his work, and began its study with great zeal. Being a good linguist, and having a thorough know- ledge of the classics, he soon spoke the Seneca lan- guage with fluency. Having mastered it, he com- menced the translation of a part of the Book of 1 " Bibliography of the Iroquoian Languages," pp. 177, 178. • ( The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 289 Genesis and the Epistle of James. He also prepared two editions of hymns. Transferring the work of translation to the Cattaraugus Reservation, he here completed the work of translating the Four Gospels, issued a number of religious tracts, prepared a vocabu- lary of the Seneca language, and a part of the com- mon laws of the State of New York, all of which were printed by the American Bible Society." The tracts, containing portions of Genesis and Exodus, are without date. A volume containing the Gospels of St. Matthew, St. Mark, and St. Luke was printed, but the date is lacking. The Four Gospels in the Seneca language were issued in a i6mo book by the Ameri- can Bible Society in 1874. The text is wholly in Seneca, and occupies 445 pages. Another edition of this book from the same source was published in 1878. It is a matter of record that a small volume con- taining extracts from the Gospels was published in the Huron language, but no description can be given of it, as no copy of the book is known to be in ex- istence. The several tribes that speak the Muskhogean lan- guages were originally settled in Mississippi and Ala- bama, but they are now confined to the Indian Ter- ritory. Their movement to the West began about the year 1800. For their instruction the Pentateuch, 290 Early Bibles. II the Psalms, and most of the historical books of the Old Testament have been translated, and the whole of the New Testament. The Choctaw and Muskoki Indians belong to this family. The earliest known publication of any part of Scrip- ture in the Choctaw language is dated 1825. It bears the imprint of Morgan, Lodge & Fisher, Cin- cinnati, O. It is a i6mo of 84 pages. The book states on the title-page that it was " prepared and published under the direction of the missionaries in the Chahta nation, with the aid of Captain David Folsom, interpreter." The missionaries referred to were the Rev. Alfred Wright and the Rev. Cyrus Byington, two names that are found on the scrip- tural translations into Choctaw for years. This first publication was a spelling-book, which included trans- lations of the Lord's Prayer, the Ten Commandments, the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, and the third chapter of the Gospel of St. John. A second revised edition was issued by the same printers in 1827. The book went through several editions with varied revisions and enlargements. In 1827 a little book of 48 pages was published bearing the title " Portions of the Bible in the Choctaw Language." It contains the Ten Commandments, and selections from Genesis, Psalms, St. Matthew, and St. John. Another book of the same date, with Morgan, Lodge Tlic Bible among the Indian Tribes. 291 & Fisher as printers, contains translations of portions of Scripture. In 1831 William Williams of Utica, N. Y., printed in Choctaw a i6mo book of 152 pages which was supplied with the Gospels of St. Luke and St. John and a few chapters from St. Mark. In 1833 the second edition of Wright and Bying- ton's "Choctaw Hymn Book " was published in Bos- ton by Crocker & Brewster. This issue contains the Ten Commandments and selections from St. Luke, which evidently did not form a part of the first edition. The Rev. A. Talley, a Methodist missionary among the Indians of Mississippi and Alabama from 1828 to 1833, translated portions of the Scriptures into the Choctaw language. When, where, and by whom these were printed cannot be stated, as no copies are known to be extant. John F. Wheeler in 1836 printed for the Ameri- can Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions a i6mo book of " Moral and Religious Tracts," which contained, among its varied contents, the translation of the Book of Jonah, the story of Naaman and Gehazi, and the one hundred and si.xteenth Psalm. This work is credited to Wright and Byington. Crocker & Brewster of Boston printed in 1839 for the American Board of Foreign Missions the Acts of the Apostles in Choctaw. It is a i2mo book of 292 Early Bibles. 165 pages. The translation was from the pen of the Rev. Cyrus Byington. The Park Hill Mission Press printed in 1841 a translation of the Epistles of St. John, and in 1843 the Epistles of St. James, each a 24mo book, with the Rev. Alfred Wright as translator. Crocker & Brewster printed in 1842 for the American Board the Gospel of St. Matthew in Choctaw, in a i2mo book. There was a second edition in 1845. In the latter year the same printers issued the Gospels of St. Mark, St. Luke, and St. John, each ii separate books of i2mo size. Also in 1845 they printed a volume of the Four Gospels. Three chapters of the Book of Revelation appeared in 1844 from the Park Hill Mission Press. These numerous translations ii..i)\ the New Testament were the joint work of Wright and Byington. Their labors finally culminated in the translation of the entire New Testament into Choctaw, which was published by the American Bible Society in 1848 in a i6mo book of 818 pages. This is not a rare volume to collectors, as one in excellent condition brought at the Brinley sale but $1.25. Portions of the Old Testament in Choctaw appeared at later dates. Wright and Byingt'on translated the Books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth, which were published by the American Bible Society in 1852. )v The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 293 The edition was repeated in 187 1. In the same year the same society issued the First and Second Books of Samuel and the First Book of Kings, Wright and Byington being the translators. This book was pub- lished again in 1871 with the Second Book of Kings appended. The translator of this latter part was the Rev. John Edwards, a Presbyterian missionary among the Choctaws. The Pentateuch came from the press of the American Bible Society in 1867, in a i6mo book of 564 pages, the translation being made by the Rev. Cyrus Byington. Probably the latest trans- lation into the Choctaw was the Book of Psalms in 1886, with the imprint of the American Bible Soci- ety. The translation is the work of the Rev. John Edwards. The Rev. Alfred Wright, the Rev. Cyrus Bying- ton, and the Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury did a great work among the Choctaws, says Dr. Brinton, " in redeem- ing the nation from drunkenness, ignorance, and immorality, to sobriety, godliness, and civilization. There are no lives which in the eyes of the philan- thropist are more worthy of admiration, or more de- serving of record than those of such men, who not only rescue thousands of individuals from spiritual degradation but preserve with enlightened care the only memorials of whole nations." Mr. Byington, in addition to his work in translating Scripture, was the 294 Early Bibles. *' SJ! author of a Choctaw grammar, and also a dictionary of that language. Byington was a native of Stock- bridge, Mass., the date of his birth being March ii, 1793. He turned his attention to law, which he practised for a few years, but finally abandoned it to study theology at Andover Seminary. In 1819 he entered upon his missionary career among the Choctaws, which continued through forty-nine years until his death, December 31, 1868. Mr. Byington had a great aptitude for languages, and was pre- eminently a man of scholarly attainments. His co- worker, the Rev. Alfred Wright, was also of studious habits. He was born in Columbia, Conn., March i, I 788. He was graduated at Wiliiams College, and also at Andover Theological Seminary. Though he had the prospect of becoming a Greek professor, he abandoned the expected honor for the sake of mis- sionary work among the Choctaw Indians. He was appointed missionary in 1820, and labored faithfully for thirty -three years until his death, in 1853. His translations of various parts of Scripture are vigor- ous and accurate, showing that he had the mind of a j!ainstaking and enthusiastic scholar. The Rev. Joim Edwards has also accomplished much in both secular and religious literature by his translations in the Choctaw dialect. The Rev. Allen Wright, a native Choctaw and chief, was a strong factor in the I V The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 295 moral and religious elevation of his people. He died in 1885. The earliest translation of portions of Scripture into the Muskoki language was made in 1835, and printed by John Meeker at the Shawanoe Baptist Mission Press in Indian Territory, in a 24mo book of 190 pages. It contains the Gospel of St. John, and parts of the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark. The translators were John Davis and Jona- than Lykins. The former was a Creek Indian who had been taken prisoner when a lad, in the War of 1812, and was educated among the whites. He was of great service to the missionaries as an interpreter. The Rev. Robert M. Loughridge. D.D., a Presby- terian missionary, translated the Gospel of St. Mat- thew into Muskoki in a 24mo volume, printed by the Park Hill Mission Press, in 1855. Another edition (a i6mo) of St. Matthew, by the same translator, was published by the American Bible Society in 1867, and reissued in 1875. Mrs. Ann E. W. Robertson, the daughter of the Rev. Samuel A. Worcester, D.D., has translated, with the assistance of others, the Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation, in thirteen separate volumes at different dates, but these publications are so recent that a description of them is unnecessary. They were all printed by the 296 Early Bibles. American Bible Society. In 1887 the same organi- zation issued the entire New Testament in Muskoki. It is a i6mo volume, with the title-page in Indian. It is understood that Mrs. Robertson is engaged in translating a Muskoki edition of the Old Testament. The Dakota or Sioux Indians are ranked among the most warlike and powerful tribes in America. Whi'e in the course of years they have cl.anged their base, or have been forced West, they are found at present mainly in Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Minnesota. " The publications in the Siouan lan- guage," says Mr. Pilling,^ "cover perhaps a wider range than those of any other linguistic group of North America, including the whole Bible, school- books, periodicals, etc. Nearly every dialect is rep- resented in print or in manuscript, either by diction- aries or extensive vocabularies, and, of five of the languages at least, somev^^hat pretentious grammars have been prepared." The first volume in the Siouan language was a translation of the Rev. Samuel Lieberkuhn's History of our Lord " in the very words of Scripture." The title on the cover states that it was " translated into the language of the Otoe, loway, and Missouri tribes of Indians, by Moses Merrill, Missionary of the Bap- tist Board of Foreign Missions, assisted by Louis 1 " Bibliography of the Siouan Languages," p. 4 of preface. ',\ The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 297 Dorion, interpreter." The book was printed by J. Meeker in 1837, at the Shawanoe mission. The book is a i2mo of 32 pages, bound with a printed cover. It is marked Part I. Next comes the name of Joseph Renville, a man who had to do with numerous translations of the Scriptures into Dakota, and whose ability was re- spected and appreciated by all his contemporaries. He was of mixed blood, French and Dakota. He was educated until manhood by a Roman Catholic priest in Canada, where he had been sent by his father. Later he returned to live among his own people. He was born near St. Paul, Minn., about 1779, and died at Lac-qui- Parle, in the same State, in 1 846. The first publication bearing his name was issued in 1839, and was a translation — made from the French Bible as published by the American Bible Society — of certain parts of Genesis and the Psalms, the third chapter of Proverbs, and the third chapter of Daniel, in the Dakota language, the work being directed by Thomas S. Williamson, M.D. It was printed for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, by Kendall & Henry of Cin- cinnati, O. It is a 24mo book of ']2 pages, in the Santee dialect. The first title-page is in English and the second in Indian. Also in the same year the same printers issued extracts from St. Matthew, 298 Early Bibles. St. Luke, and St. John, from tht Acts of the Apos- tles, and from the First Epistle of St. John, translated from the French by Renville and prepared by Wil- liamson, all in one volume. Also in the same year, from Kendall & Henry, the Gospel of St. Mark, " and extracts from some other books of the New Testa- ment," as the title-page reads. The next publication of note was a work by Thomas S. Williamson and others, issued in 1842, which in- cluded translations of Genesis and a part of the Psalms, W^illiamson translating Genesis, and the Rev. Stephen R. Riggs and Joseph Renville the Psalms. Bound up in the same volume is a translation of St. Luke, by the Rev. Gideon H. Pond, and another of St. John by Joseph Renville. These two latter translations fue joined under one title-page, and dated 1843. Like the previous books, the place of publication was Cincinnati. In 1843 the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles of St. Paul, and the Revelation of St. John were pub- lished in the Dakota tongue, the printers being Ken- dall & Barnard of Cincinnati, and the translator the Rev. Stephen R. Riggs, D.D. In 1865 the Ameri- can Bible Society published the New Testament in Dakota. This was also the translation of Dr. Riggs. The volume is a i6mo numbering 408 pages. From the same pen came several translations of the Old . I /■ M i ^■ The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 299 I Testament Scriptures. The American Bible Society published the Book of Psalms in 1869. An enlarged edition with the same title appeared in 187 1, with portions of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, and Isaiah. The same society issued in Dakota in 1877 the Books of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and the minor prophets, by the same translator. The Rev. ( ^on H. Pond translated " The His- tory of Joseph " into the Dakota language, and the book, of 56 pages, was printed by Kendall & Henry of Cincinnati in 1839. The Rev. Samuel \V. Pond, also a missionary to the Indians, translated the Bible stories of the Old Testament into the Santee dialect, which was printed by Crocker & Brewster of Boston in 1842. The most diligent translator of the Old Testament books was Dr. Williamson. Genesis and Proverbs, in the Dakota tongue, appeared from his pen in 1865, Exodus in 1869, and Leviticus in the same year. A volume with the title " The First Four Books of Moses" bears the date of 1872. Another, with the heading " The Law of Moses," has the same date, and also a separate volume containing Deuteronomy. The Books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth were issued in one volume in 1875. All these publications bear the imprint of the American Bible Society. In 1877 this organization bound together the various por- , IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) r/. ^ ^io 1.0 1.1 128 |25 ti,^ ■ 2.2 M M E^ ^ w /. '/ Photographic Sciences Corporalion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0 (716) •72-4S03 ^ ^ ^ s \ 30O Early Bibles. tions of Scripture which had been issued in several volumes, so that the whole constituted the greater part of the Old and New Testaments. Finally, in 1880 the American Bible Society printed the entire Bible in the Dakota language. The translation was the joint work of Williamson and Riggs. This com- plete Bible is, says Mr. Pilling,^ " the first, so far as I know, except the Cree and Eskimo, in any Indian tongue since Eliot's Bible in the Massachusetts lan- guage." The men who sought the moral and spiritual ele- vation of the Sioux Indians, by consecrating their scholarship to the dissemination of scriptural light and knowledge, have made an imperishable record. The Rev. Thomas S. Williamson, M.D., was born in Union District, S. C, in March, 1800. He received his education at Jefferson College, Cannonsville, Pa,, and was graduated with the class of 1820. He read medicine privately for a time, and then entered the medical department of Yale College, graduating in 1 824. He practised medicine successfully for nearly ten years at Ripley, O. In 1834 he was appointed by the American Board on an expedition to the Upper Mississippi, with instructions to look into the condition of certain Indians, but chiefly the Sacs and Foxes. This expedition brought him also into asso- 1 '•' Bibliography of the Siouan Languages," p. 80. The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 301 ciation with the Sioux Indians, among whom he was to labor for the greater part of his life. The explora- tion party went as far west as Fort Snelling, and from there to Lac-qui- Parle in Minnesota. Dr. William- son was greatly drawn to the work, and when the expedition returned he surrendered his profession as a physician, in which he had been successful, and was appointed a missionary among the Dakotas. He then came back to Minnesota and threw himself with much zeal into the instruction of the Indians. He organized a native church at Lac-qui-Parle in 1837, and entered upon the work of translating the Scriptures into the Siouan language, which work he continued with unabated ardor for years. He died at St. Peter, Minn., in 1879, aged seventy-nine years. He has been justly styled " The Father of the Dakota Mission." The two brothers. Rev. Samuel W. Pond and the Rev. Gideon H. Pond, natives of Washington, Conn., joined the Dakota mission in 1834, and greatly as- sisted in the education of the Indians by their trans- lations of several books and portions of Scripture. Among devoted scholar^ and missionaries, the name of the Rev. Stephen R. Riggs, D.D., will always hold a prominent place. He was born at Steubenville, O., March 12, 1812. He received his secular education at Jefferson College, Pa., and his theological training 302 Early Bibles, at the Western Theological Seminary in the same State. He was commissioned as a missionary among the Dakotas in 1837. In the same year he joined Dr. Williamson and the Pond brothers at Lac-qui- Parle, Minn. He devoted himself with great enthusiasm to the study of the Dakota language, and became both a master of it as well as an authority. In addition to his translation of parts of Scripture, and finally with Dr. Williamson of the entire Bible, he was the author of a " Grammar and Dictionary of the Dakota Lan- guage," which exists to-day as one of the most valu- able contributions to philology ever compiled in this country. In recognition of his attainments as a scholar, Beloit College conferred upon him in 1873 the degree of D.D., and Jefferson College that of LL.D. Dr. Riggs died at Beloit, Wis., August 24, 1883, in the seventy-first year of his age. A little i6mo book of 30 pages, containing selec- tions from Scripture in the Omaha language, was printed by Edward O. Jenkins, 20 North William Street, New York, in 1868. The Rev. William Ham- ilton was the translator. A portion of the Gospel of St. Matthew in the Iowa language was issued in 1850. The translation was made by Mr. Hamilton, assisted by the Rev. S. M. Irwin. The Epistles to St. Timothy and St. Titus in the The Bible among the Indian Tribes. 303 Santee dialect were printed in an octavo volume at Yankton Agency, Dak., in 1878, the translation being that of the Rev. Joseph W. Cook. An analysis of the Bible in the Yankton language by the same translator from the same press is dated 1879. The late Rev. Samuel D. Hinman translated into Santee the Psalms that are appointed for morning and evening prayer, the book being printed by the Mission Press in the Archdeaconry of the Niobrara in 187 1. He, with others, also translated the Prayer Book, which was published in New York in 1878. THE BIBLE IN MEXICO. It is well known that the first printing on this con- tinent was executed in the city of Mexico. Three quarters of a century before the landing at Plymouth Rock and the settlement of the American colonies, Mexico had a press and a literature. Much has been written concerning the first book printed in the New World. It has been claimed that this was a work with the title, " The Spiritual Ladder to Ascend to Heaven," the same being a translation from the Latin made by St. John CHmacus, and printed in Mexico by Juan Pablos in 1535 or 1536. No copy of this book is known to be in existence. The only sup- position for its existence is that it is referred to by Padilla, Alonzo Fernandez, and Gonzales Davila, three early writers who speak of it in an indefinite way. Senor Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta in his learned book entitled " Bibliografia Mexicana del Siglo XVI." places at the head of the list, as the first and earliest Mexican publication, " Breve y mas compendiosa doc- 304 u.._^ BIBLU, y4»iM EN LAliN Y ESPAflfOL, CON NOTAS UTBRAUSS, ORfTlOAt B BM»T6uiCA», PBBFACIOS T DISERTACIONBS, .. CMDWteio im D. Agnstim CdoMt, AUd 4» ftmaiMW, del Abaci ▼•■•• an* othkiM utofM, pua fiMiUtar b i«n H f n » h >4» U BaoUEMtilaM. iONttirAiM. am amdrnw y mafa*. jmraVERA GBICION nOBJICANA JMnUAimtS eonrOSMB a Ui OVAWTA T OUIUA VRAllOBtA D«L ASo OIK 1880. t\ MBJICO. ^■irv^". M SAIiVAir A OAXtiO DB icABUMO iUlfiVAUl^ --^adii Fac-Bimile of the title page of the Bible printed in Latin and Spanish in the City of Mexico in 1831. Iteduced size. The Bible in Mexico. 30s trina Christiana en lengua Mexicana y Castellana," by Fray Juan de Zumarraga, the first bishop of Mexico. The volume was printed in the city of Mexico, by Juan Cromberger, and the date assigned it is the year 1539. Many false impressions have been perpetuated by various writers, who have asserted that portions of the Bible were printed at an early date in Mex- ico. This has arisen from confounding the trans- lation of Scripture with its printing. It is true that there were early translations of the Epistles and Gospels for the Christian year. Don Jose Fernando Ramirez, the president of Maximilian's first ministry, possessed a valuable collection of Mexican books. After the death of this bibliophile his library was sold in 1880 by Puttick & Simpson of London. A manuscript in the catalogue is described as follows: " 524. Mexican — Epistles and Gospels in Mexican. MS. 4to. Seventy-four leav It commences : * In- cipiunt Epistole et Euagelia quv in Diebus Dominicus per Ani totius circulum legutur, traducta in lingua Mexicanam.* The first page is richly ornamented in red and black, the same as the initial letter D. There is no indication of a date, but belongs to the sixteenth century. The commencement of the sacred text is in red and the initial letters are ornamented." This interesting manuscript was bought at this sale 3o6 Early Bibles, by Mr. Quaritch of London for £,\^ los., and dis- posed of by him later for ;^20. In the National Library in the city of Mexico thtre is a manuscript in quarto of the Epistles and Gospels for the Christian year written in the native language. Sefior Eufernio Abadiano of the same city has a manuscript of the Gospels, neatly written in Aztec characters. It is bound in i6mo, and has 552 pages. While all these manuscripts are without date, they clearly belong to the sixteenth century. There is no indication of the names of the translators. Some writers attribute these works to Molina, and others to Sahagun. Why were not these translations of por- tions of Scripture printed and published? Why do not the dates appear? Why were not the names of translators given? There is only one answer, and that is, because the publication of the Bible was strictly prohibited. In a well-known book, entitled " Indice ultimo de Los Liberos Prohibidos y manda- dos expurgar : para todos los Reynos y Senorios del Catolico Rey de Las Espanas, El Senor Don Carlos IV.," printed in Madrid by Don Antonio de Sancha in 1790, under the title of " Biblia," on page 29, we find these words, " Biblia traducida en lengua Mexi- cana, se prohibe qualquiera impression," which, being translated, read, "It is prohibited," that is, by the Spanish Inquisition, " to print any edition whatsoever Tht Bible in Mexico. 307 of the Bible in the Mexican language." This pro- hibition continued through long years. It was not until 1889 that any part of the Bible was printed in the native Aztec language of Mexico, and then it came from a Methodist mission press. The little book is a translation of the Gospel of St. Luke, made by a native convert. On the outside cover are these words : " Yacuic lyec Tenonotzaltzin in Jesu-Christo» quenami oquimo ihcuilhuili in San Lucas. Mexico : Imprenta evangelica calle de Gante. No. 5. 1889." The book has 1 39 pages. Editions of the Bible in Spanish were not printed in Mexico until the present century. In 1831 an elaborate publication of the Scriptures in Latin and Spanish was started, and appeared from time to time in numbers. The subscription price was one hundred dollars. It is liberally supplied with footnotes, of a literary, critical, and historical character. It follows the French edition of Calmet of 1820. The bound volumes as seen in the National Library of the city oi Mexico are twenty-six in number. Twenty-five of these are small quartos, but the twenty-sixth is oblong in shape, and wholly devoted to the engrav- ings, which are thirty-seven in number. The vol- umes from one to eighteen are dated 1 83 1 ; from the eighteenth to the twentieth the date is 1832. The New Testament begins with volume twenty, and this f \ 308 Early Bibles. and the remaining volumes of the text are dated 1833. The twenty-sixth or last volume, containing the engravings, has the imprint of the year 1835. The words of the title-page of the first volume read as follows : " Sagrada Biblia, en Latin y Espafiol, Con Notas Literales, criticas i histdricas, Prefacios y disertaci- ones, Sacadas del Comentario de D. Agustin Calmet, Abad de Senones, del Abad Vence y de los mas celebres autories, para facilitar la inteligencia de la Santa Escritura. Obra adornada con estampas y mapas. Primera Edicion Mejicana enteramente con- forme a la cuarta y ultima Francesa del aflo de 1 820. Tomo Primero. Mejico. Imprenta de Galvan a Car- go de Mariano Ar^valo, Calle de Cadena Num. 2. 183 1. Con las licencias necesarias." On the back of the title-page are these words: " Esta traduccion es propriedad de Mariano Galvin Rivera." The preface occupies three pages, and is addressed to the Mexican Church and is signed " Mariano Gal- van Rivera." The next page is devoted to the *' Advertencia." Then follows an engraving repre- senting the disciples as moved by the Holy Spirit, in confirmation of 2 Peter i. 21. The engraving is signed by Balch, Stiles, Wright & Co. The first vol- ume does not contain any portion of Scripture, but ' \ The Bible in Mexico. 309 its 503 pages are taken up with discussions and dis- sertations relating to religious topics. These cover a wide range of subjects, such as the necessity and truth of revelation, the inspiration and canonicity of Scripture, the Septuagint and Vulgate versions, the decrees of the Council of Trent touching the sacred books, the history of the Hebrews, the supenority of biblical narratives over all others, ancient chronology, the Pentateuch, the terrestrial paradise, the patri- archs, Noah and his descendants, the confusion of tongues, etc. The second volume contains Genesis and Exodus. It begins with a preface of twelve pages, which relates to the Book of Genesis. The Latin and Spanish are in parallel columns, and the notes are at the foot of the page. The text of 552 pages is followed by a note of one and a half pages, and the book ends with an index of six leaves. Volume nineteen concludes the Old Testament, and the re- maining six volumes contain the New Testament. Another edition of the Bible in Latin and Spanish appeared in Mexico in 183 1. It was also issued in numbers, and was not completed until 1835. It is in eleven small quarto volumes, nine for the Old Testament and two for the New Testament. The following is the title-page of the first volunxe : " La Biblia Vulgata Latina Traducida en Espanol, y andtada conforme al Sentido de los Santos padres V 3IO Early Bibles. y espositores catdlicos, For el ilustrisimo Sefior Don Felipe Scio de San Miguel, Provincial que fue del drden de las escuelas pias de Castilla, Preceptor del Serenisimo Senor Principe de Asturias, y Obispo de Segovia. Tomo I. del Antiguo Testamento. El Genesis y el Exodo. Primera Edicion Megicana, Sacada de la tercera y ultima de Espana. Megico : En casa de Cornelio C. Sebring. 1831." The first volume has 563 pages, including the in- dex. There is an engraved title-page and a rep- resentation of the Mercy-seat. Before the text of Genesis begins, sixty pages are devoted to " Licen- cia," " Advertencia," " Dissertacion," and other pre- liminary matter. Exodus is also included in the first volume, which is dated 1831. The second volume has a map of Canaan. This and the third volume are of the same date as the first. The fourth, fifth, and sixth are 1832, the seventh and eighth 1833, the ninth and tenth 1834, and the last 1835. The final volume has at the end sixty- eight pages of chrono- logical tables, followed by an index to notable things of Scripture. An edition of the Bible wholly in Spanish was printed in Mexico in 1835. It is in seventeen vol- umes of i6mo size. The title-page of the first vol- ume is in these words: " La Sagrada Biblia, x,'uevamente traducida al Es- / The Bible in Mexico. 3" paiiol, e ilustrada con notas por Don Felix Torres Amat. Edicion reimpressa de la segunda de Madrid. Tomo I. Genesis. Mejico: Libreria de Galvan, Portal de Agustinos. 1835." The first volume contains the Book of Genesis. The "Advertencia " is one and a half pages long. A preliminary discussion follows of loi pages. The "Advertencia" to the Book of Genesis is four pages. Then the text begins, filling the pages without par- allel columns. The volumes throughout are sup- plied with brief footnotes. The New Testament be- gins with the thirteenth volume. The " Adverten- cia " takes nineteen pages, and that to the Gospel of St. Matthew one page. The New Testament ends with the fifteenth volume. The sixteenth volume, of 296 pages, is wholly devoted to general notes. The seventeenth volume, which is the last, is mainly occupied with a chronological index and a pastoral exhortation. Don Felix Torres Amat, who edited this Bible, was an eminent ecclesiastical writer. He was born at Sabadell, Spain, August fo, 1750. In 1770 he became professor of philosophy and librarian in the theological seminary at Barcelona, and later the head of the institution. In 1803 he received double hon- ors, as he was made Archbishop of Palmyra by the Pope, and Abbot of St. Ildefonso by Charles IV. V 312 Early Bibles. Amat was a voluminous writer upon theological sub- jects. He is best known by his " Ecclesiastical His- tory," which treats of events from the nativity of Christ to the eighteenth century. It is a compre- hensive work of twelve volumes. In his speeches and books, Amat took a liberal position on political questions, and as a result his loyalty was suspected. During the war between France and Spain which began in 1794, he was regarded with disfavor, and when the British, in 1812, entered Madrid, he was forced to leave the city. Two years later he was banished to Catalonia. His last days were spent in a monastic institution of the Franciscan Order near Salent, where he died September 28, 1824. He edited the Bible with marked ability, as the notes and discussions indicate a ripe scholarship and a de- vout mind. V lOIVeiC TESTiHtllT '^ DE NOTflE-SEiQNEUR J^SUS-CHRIST, TRADUrT EN FRAN '■ . DU PfiRD ^Dfi CABBjftWa DANS LB TB3WB, |, HT uw mris BXPMe4k!ni(|^(^||ipl^ pour ,iv. A^QtJEBBd: (JHfei! |i-*iPE. FRfiCHetfBi PjfeBE, ^l4:i'f ?>'•. Fac-simile of the title page of the New Testament in French, published at Quebec, Canada, in 1846. Reduced size. V THE BIBLE IN CANADA. The war between the American colonies and Great Britain cut oflf the importation of books for a time, and the States were thrown upon their own resources. These resources were feeble enough in the beginning, but they led to national industries and to a press and a literature distinctively American. An opposite condition of things existed in Canada. Books continued to be imported from England with- out interruption. The publishers of Bibles in Lon- don, Oxford, and Cambridge had the trade in their own hands, and Canada was content to receive her Bibles from these sources inasmuch as she did not have the facilities to print books either as well or as cheaply. .Consequently there were not any very early Bibles in Canada. It is true there were de- tached portions of Scripture printed in the Indian languages, but not the entire Bible. The first edition of the New Testament did not appear until 1846. This is an octavo of 752 pages in French. 313 \\ V 314 Early Bibles. ^ " Le Nouveau Testament de Notre-Seigneur Jesus- Christ, Traduit en Fran9ais, avec le Commentaire Litteral Du Pere de Carrieres dans le texte, et des notes expHcatives, morales et dogmatiques, pour en Faciliter 1' Intelligence. Public avec I'approbation de Monsigneur L'Archeveque de Quebec. A Quebec : Chez J. Bte. Frechette, Pere, Imprimeur-Libraire, No. 13, Rue Lamontagne. M.DCCC.XLVI." This book is getting to be scarce, and collectors find the price on the advance. Mr. O'Callaghan says:^ "In 1835 or 1836 Mr. William L. Mackenzie purchased from the Bible Society at New York a set of stereotype plates, and got new title-pages cast for the Old and New Testa- ments, substituting Toronto and his own name for the Bible Society's imprint. But he did not print an edition from these plates ; they passed eventually into the hands of a Mr. Eastwood, who published a Bible from them at Toronto in 1839 or 1840, on paper manufactured at his mill on the river Don, im- mediately east of that city. There was but one edi- tion of this Eastwood Bible, after which the plates were resold in New York; it was the only Bible ever printed in Canada in the English language." Mr. O'Callaghan states that he has never seen a copy of this book, and therefore gives no description of it in 1 " List of Bibles Printed in America," p. xlix. of introduction. The Bible in Canada. 315 his list of Bibles. The writer of this chapter does not know of a copy in any United States or Canadian library. The Lenox Library in New York, with the finest and most complete collection of Bibles in this country, does not have it. An extensive correspon- dence with persons in Canada has fa:iled to bring a single copy to light. Canada has done a substantial work in the secular and religious education of the Indian tribes within her domain. The entire Bible has been translated into the Cree language, but this and many books of instruction, and portions of Scripture, were printed in England. There are, however, some exceptions. The Rt. Rev. John Horden, D.D., the Bishop of Moo- sonee, translated the Book of Common Prayer, which is made up principally of Scripture, into the dialect of the Cree Indians. The book was printed at the mission station at Moose Factory in 1854. Dr. Hor- den also translated and printed with his own hands the Four Gospels in 1859. The book is a i6mo of 210 pages, wholly in Cree. Prior to this date por- tions of the New Testament had been translated by the Rev. William Mason. The Gospel of St. John was printed at the Rossville Mission Press in 1 851, and reappeared In 1852 and 1856 with York Factory on the title-page, and again at Rossville in 1857. The Epistles of the New Testament also were printed at V 3i6 Early Bibles. Rossville in 1857. These were all rough copies that were sent to England for their final impressions. An edition of the New Testament in the Cree language was printed at Montreal in 1872. The translation was made by Father Lacombe, in a i6mo book of 478 pages. The earliest mention we have of the translation of Scripture into the Chippewa language in Canada dates from the publication of an octavo book of 32 pages, containing a portion of the Gospel of St. Mat- thew. It was printed at York by Robert Stanton in 1829. The translator was Peter Jones, a native mis- sionary. The text is in both English and Chippewa. The entire Gospel of St. Matthew followed in 1831, the translation being the joint work of P. and J. Jones. It is wholly in Chippewa, in an octavo vol- ume of 67 pages. It was printed at York by James Baxter, at the office of the Colonial Advocate. The first nine chapters of the Book of Genesis, the work of the two missionaries, Evans and Jones, was im- printed at the office of the Christian Guardian in York in 1833. The whole Book of Genesis in i2mo, by Peter Jones, was printed at Toronto at the office of the Christian Advocate in 1835. The Rev. James Evans was a missionary among the Hudson Bay Indians for eighteen years. It was through his efforts that their literature was so shaped /■ v. The Bible in Canada. 317 that they were brought within the influence of sa- cred and secular instruction. The Rev. Egerton R. Young writes:* "The invention of what are known as the syllabic characters was undoubtedly Mr. Evans's greatest work, and to his unaided genius be- longs the honor of devising and then perfecting this alphabet which has been such a blessing to thousands of Cree Indians. The principle on which the charac- ters are formed is the phonetic. There are no silent letters. Each character represents a syllable, hence no spelling is required. As soon as the alphabet is mastered, the student can commence at the first chapter of Genesis, and read on, slowly of course at first, but in a few days with surprising facility. Mr. Evans's hope, when he commenced this great work, was the invention of some plan by which the wan- dering Indians, who would never remain in one place long enough to acquire the art of reading in the ordinary way, but were ever on the move after the game on which they lived, might acquire the ability to read God's Word in their own language. In this his most sanguine expectations were more than real- ized. . . . The use of these characters has extended much beyond the people for whom they were in- tended, books having been printed in them in the Eskimauan language, in a number of dialects of the 1 Canadian Methodist Magazine {or 'i^ovemhn, 1882. 3i8 Early Bibles. Athapascan, and, in addition to the Cree, in the Chippewa, Santeux, Moose, and Moosonee divisions of the Algonquian." The Rev. Frederick A. O'Meara, D.D., was for many years a devoted missionary among the Indians on Great Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron. He was the author of numerous translations into Chippewa. The first of these with a Canadian imprint was the Four Gospels, at Toronto, in 1850, by A. F. Plees, 7 King Street. The book is an octavo of 338 pages. Dr. O'Meara's work continued, and in 1854 the entire New Testament in Chippewa came from the press of Henry Rowsell, Toronto, in a small octavo volume of 766 pages. Another edition bears the date of 1874 and the imprint of Bell & Co., 13 Adelaide Street, East. Attention was then given to the books of the Old Testament. In 1856 the Chippewas received the Psalms in their native tongue from the printing- house of Henry Rowsell, Toronto. Dr. O'Meara, with the aid of Rev. Peter Jacobs, next translated the Five Books of Moses, which Lovell & Gibson, Toronto, printed in small octavo in 1861. Any further trans- lations on the part of Dr. O'Meara were interrupted by death a few years later. The Rev. Silas T. Rand consecrated the greater part of his life to elevating the moral and spiritual condition of the Micmac Indians of Prince Edward's The BibU in Canada. 319 Island. He wrote a dictionary of their language, in which he says : " I have in the course of about thirty- five years collected and arranged alphabetically about thirty thousand words." He was well equipped for the numerous translations he made. Some of these were printed in England, and others in Nova Scotia. The Gospel of St. Matthew appeared in 1853. While the title-page reads, " Printed for the use of the Micmac Mission by the British and Foreign Bible Society," it also contains the words, " Charlottetown, Printed by G. T. Haszard." Another edition fol- lowed in 1 87 1, with a Halifax imprint. The Gospel of St. John was printed in 1854, and again in 1872, the former by W. Cunnabell, Halifax, N. S., and the latter by the " Nova Scotia Printing Company, Cor- ner Sackville and Granville Sts., Halifax." The last- named company printed the Book of Exodus in 1870, and the Gospels of St. Luke and St. Mark and the Epistle to the Romans in 1874, in separate editions. From the same press came a book in 1875, containing the Gospels of St. Matthew, St. Mark, and St. Luke, with the Epistles and the Book of Revelation, in the Micmac language. Mr. Rand also translated numer- ous hymns and tracts into the same tongue. He died in 1 889, after forty-three years' missionary work among the Indians. Pierre Paul Osunkhirhine, an Indian convert, trans- 330 Early Bibles. lated the Gospel of St. Mark into the Abnaki lan- guage. It was published in Montreal, and is with- out title-page. The date is supposed to have been 1844. A few books in the Mohawk language have been printed in Canada. There is, however, but little in the shape of the Bible. A portion of the Church of England Prayer-book, with " some sentences of the Holy Scriptures necessary for knowledge and prac- tice," is worthy of note, as it is highly prized by collectors. It is a 12 mo book of 208 pages, and was printed at Quebec by William Brown in 1 780. Brown was the first printer of Canada, and introduced his business into that country in 1 763. Another edi- tion of the Prayer-book was printed at Hamilton, in 1842, the translation being made into Mohawk by the Rev. Abraham Nelles and John Hill. An issue of the Roman Catholic Prayer-book was printed in Mohawk by Lane & Bowman of Montreal in 18 16. It is said only two copies of this book are in this country. The Indian chief Joseph Onasakenrat translated " The Holy Gospels " into the Mohawk language, the book, a i6mo, being printed by John Lovell & Son of Montreal in 1880. An extensive missionary work is in progress among The Bible in Canada. 331 the Indians who speak the Athapascan languages in British CoUimbia and Alaska. The New Testament and other portions of Scripture have, as a rule, been printed in London. A few books have been issued in Canada, but they are of very recent date. VARIOUS EDITIONS. The first proposal to print the Bible in English in America was made in 1688 by William Bradford of Philadelphia. The publication that announced this intention was worded as follows : These are to give Notice, that it is proposed for i. large house-Bible to be Printed by way of Subscriptions, [a method usual in England for the Printing of large Volumns, because Printing is very charge- able] therefore to all that are willing to forward so good (and great) a Work, as the Printing of the holy Bible, are offered these Proposals, viz. : I. That It shall be printed in a fair Character, on good Paper, and well bound. 2. That it shall contain the Old and New Testa- ment, with the Apocraphy, and all to have useful Marginal Notes. 3. That it shall be allowed {to them that subscribe) for Twenty Shil- lings /n, of the Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, Professor of Languages and Systematical Theology." The book was " printed for the Author," and no publisher's name is given. Rev. Mr. Thomp- son was a Universalist minister of Charlestown, Mass. Fielding Lucas, Jr., 138 Market Street, imprinted a i2mo New Testament translated from the Latin VulgacC. There is no date on the title-page, but the book is assigned to the year 1831. A 32mo New Testament was also published by him, presumably in the same year. He issued quarto and duodecimo Bibles, the former likely in 1832 and the latter in 1837. The title-pages bear no dates. Armstrong & Plaskitt, 134, and Plaskitt & Co., 254, Market Street, published a Pocket Reference 1 esta- ment in 24mo in 1831. They issued the Pocket Ref- erence Bible in 1832. John D. Fry printed and Lewis & Coleman pub- lished in 1838 a quarto Bible in two volumes. The book was issued in numbers, and contains seventeen engravings. It has an ornamental title-page, with a picture of Solomon's Temple. 346 Early Bibhs. I Armstrong & Berry published a 121110 Bible in 1839. The final reprint of Brown's Self-Interpreting Bible was made in numbers by John Wallace, followed by Joseph Neal in 1851. J. H. Stockton, 68 Lexington Street, imprinted in 1856 a i2mo book with the title ** The Divine Library : or Cyclopedia of Inspiration. The Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, according to Sir Matthew. Received version in paragraph form." The volumes of Archbishop Kenrick's translation from the Latin Vulgate that were published in lial- timore have been considered elsewhere. " The first press established in New Jersey," says Thomas,' " it appears, was at Woodbridge, and for many years this was the only one in the colony." Early printing was also done at Burlington. As we have seen, the first copy of the New Testament printed in the State was that issued by Isaac C\)llins at Trenton in 1 788. Then came his quarto Bible of 1 79 1 and his octavo of 1793. A quarto Bible was published at Trenton in 1817. It has the following imprint : " Published by D. & \i. Fenton, Warren Street, next door' to the City Tav- ern." It is embellished with twenty-five copper-plate engravings. The frontispiece is " A Scheme of the Lives of the Patriarchs from Adam to Moses." The 1 " History i>f Printiiij^ in Ainorica," vol. i., p. 314. I 'itrioi4s luiitioHs. ,U7 book is witlunit preface. It includes the Apocrypha, ami the entire text is printed on 1046 pa^es, Then comes a history of the Holy Land covering two pages. An index of the nu>st remarkable passages in the books of the OKI and New Testanients follows, in eighteen pages. This is succeeiled by a tablt? of time, an alphabetical table t>f the jMoper names in the t)ld juul New Testaments, a table of kindreil, a concise view of the evidences of the Christian rt>ligion, by J. Fletcher, tables t)f Scripture nieasures, weights, and coii\s, antl a table of the several passages in the Old Testament quoted by Christ and His Apostles in the New Testament. The book ends with Hrown's Concordance on seventy pages. This edition of the Bible is not mentitmed by O'Callaghan, having c.scapetl his notice. . In :S^^^^ a i6mo New Testament was published at Trenton by Hishop Davenport. ICarly eilitions of the New Testament were pub- lishetl at ICli/abethtown. The llrst was in i 7SK, b)' Shepard Kollock. It is a 1 2mo without pagination. Another i2mo was issued by Mervin Hale in i.S.>(). An i8mo of 3,^5 pages was published by J. Sander- son in 1829, and a 32mo of ,H4 pages by H. 1'. Hrook- fielil in iH.^2. lulward .Sanderson imprinted a I2mt> liible in iS.^,^ and an octavo in iH^5. The later con- tains a woodcut frontispiece. " Lessons of the ICpiscopal Church, selected from 348 Early Bibles. Scripture " was published by A. Blauvelt of New Brunswick in 1 798. The printer was Andrew Fowler. An octavo edition of the Bible was printed by- Mann & Douglass at Morristown in 1805. It is without preface. The text is printed on 1141 pages. A New Testament in 12 mo was published by Ben- jamin Olds at Newark in 1838, There is a vignette of the Good Samaritan on the title-page engraved in wood. Printing was introduced into Delaware by James Adams, who set up his press at Wilmington in 1761. He printed a newspaper and published several relig- ious books. The earliest publication was probably Macgowan's " Life of Joseph, the Son of Israel," in 1796. The Bible abridged for the use of children appeared in 1797, and the "Life of David," by Thomas Ellwood, in the same year. The first edi- tion of the New Testament as issuing from the press of Delaware of which we have any record was pub- lished by Peter Brynberg of Wilmington in 1802. It contains 279 pages and is a i2mo. Another edition has the date of 1805. A New Testament of the same size, dated 1804, has the imprint of Bonsai & Niles, Wilmington. A Bible followed in 1812 and a New Testament in 1818. The first printer of Connecticut was Thomas Short, who started his press in New London in 1709. He Various Editions. 349 was succeeded by Timothy Green in 17 14, who was invited into the colony to do the printing. Thomas says:^ "Besides the work of government, Green printed a number of pamphlets on religious sub- jects, particularly sermons. It has been said of him that whenever he heard a sermon which he highly approved he would solicit a copy from the author, and print it for his own sales. This honest zeal in the cause of religion often proved injurious to his interest. Large quantities of these sermons lay on hand as dead stock ; and after his decease, they were put into baskets, appraised by the bushel, and sold under the value of common waste paper." It was Thomas C. Green, a descendant of the above-named printer, who in 1795 printed at New London the book of prayers that contains the special version of the Psalms made by Bishop Seabury. "The Complete Evangelist; comprising The His- tory of Jesus Christ in the words of the authorized Translations," was printed at New London in 1845 by Bolles & Williams, in a i2mo volume. The second place in Connecticut where printing was established was New Haven. In 1790 Abel Morse printed a i2mo edition of the New Testa- ment. The pages are unnumbered. The book was evidently printed under difficulties, as the proofs 1 " History of Printing in America," vol. i., p. 185. 350 Early Bibles. N were poorly scrutinized. O'Callaghan says: "The errors in this volume are innumerable." He points out sixty-four of these. The same publisher issued the New Testament with Burkitt's expository notes in a quarto volume in 1 794. It was also published in 1798 by Ti<='bout & O'Brien. A i2mo New Tes- tament of 1 797 has the imprint of Edward O'Brien. A Catechism of the Bible by the Rev. Menzies Rayner was published by Flagg & Gray in i2mo in 1818. In 1833 Durrie & Peck issued the Webster Amer led Bible, but this has been fully considered in a previous chapter. Printing was introduced into Hartford in 1764. John Babcock printed in 1798 a 24mo book with the title, " New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ ; Translated from the Greek. Appointed to be read by Children." O'Callaghan speaks of this as "an ill- written paraphrase^ or narrative, adhering not much to biblical phraseology. It is illustrated by coarse woodcuts and has a few hymns and an advertisement of the printer at the end." In 1806 Lincoln & Gleason printed a i2mo edi- tion of the New Testament consisting of ten thou- sand copies. They also printed in 1807 Doddridge's " Family Expositor " in two octavo volumes. 1 " List of Bibles Printed in America," p. 55. Various Editions. 351 In 1809 Hudson & Goodwin published a i2nio Bible, It is of interest, as it is regarded by collect- ors as the first Bible printed in Connecticut. It con- tains the Dedication of the translators to King James. It has headings to the chapters and columns, and the pages are unnumbered. The type was made and set up by Wilson & Sons of Glasgow, Scotland, and then shipped to Hartford for printing. This book passed through many editions until the year 1837, when tlie type was sold for old metal. " An Abridgment of the Holy Scriptures," by the Rev. Mr. Sellon, was issued by Hale & Hosmer in 181 3. Sheldon & Goodrich published a i2mo New Testament in 18 16, and another of the same size was issued in 181 7 by George Goodwin & Sons. S. G. Goodrich impressed a duodecimo Bible in 1818, and a New Testament in 1819. Oliver D. Cooke & Sons published a 24mo New Testament in 1818 and a i2mo Greek Testament in 1827. George Goodwin issued in 1823 a i6mo New Testament. The frontispiece is "Christ instructing Nindemus." It has an engraved title-page. Silas Andrus was for many years a pub- lisher of Bibles ax Hartford. His first publication was an i8mo New Testament in 1824. A Bible of i2mo appeared in 1826. These were followed by an i8mo Bible, and a i2mo New Testament in 1827, and a 24mo Bible in 1828. In 18^9 Mr. Andrus printed 352 Early Bibles. a folio Bible with Canne's marginal notes. This was not only the first folio Bible stereotyped in the United States, but was probably the first folio Bible printed in Connecticut. A stereotyped i2mo Bible was issued by Andrus in 1831. It is illustrated with twenty-four woodcuts. In later years the name of the firm changed, but the publication of Bibles continued. Hudson & Skinner published a i2mo Bible in 1829 which was reissued through a number of years. Josiah B. Baldwin printed a i2mo New Testament at Bridgeport in 1824. William H. Niles published a i2mo Bible at Mid- dletown in 1832. E. Hunt & Co. imprinted a Bible of the same size in 1839. The first printing done in the State of Vermont was at Westminster, about 1781. The first place to * publish any portion of Scripture was Windsor. The year was 181 2 and the Bible a quarto, published by Merrifield & Cochran. The book speaks of itself as the " First Vermont Edition." It has seven engrav- ings, all executed except one, by Isaac Eddy of Weathersfield, Vt. After the Family Record is "A Clergyman's address to Married persons." There are numerous errors in the headings of the pages, designating the names of the books. It contains the Various Editions. 353 Apocrypha, and the entire text is printed on 956 pages. In 1 816 Jesse Cochran of Windsor published a i2mo New Testament. A similar book was issued by Simeon Ide in 1826, and a reissue by Ide & God- dard's Power Press in 1833. "An Analysis of the 24th Chapter of Matthew," by Hiram Carleton, in an octavo volume, was printed at the Chronicle Press in 1851. Several editions of the Bible have come from the presses at Brattleborough. J. Holbrook printed at this place a i2mo Bible in 1818. Holbrook & Fes- senden printed a Bible of the same size in 1827 which evidently was impressed from the plates of the Bruce stereotyped edition of 181 5. They also published in the same year a 24mo New Testament. They im- printed in 1828 a quarto Bible with nine woodcuts. This edition was printed from the plates of the Wil- bur Bible, stereotyped by James Conner of New York. Another issue from the Wilbur plates was printed by Peck & Wood in 1833. I" 1834 an octavo Bible in five volumes with Matthew Henry's Commentary was published with numerous wood engravings. Subse- quently the plates were removed to Philadelphia, and another impression made. In 1839 the Brattle- borough Bible Company published a Bible in 12 mo, : 354 Early Bibles. with engraved title-page. White & Reed published at Newbury in 1825 a i2nio New Testament. In 1830 R. Colton & G. W. Seeley issued a 24mo Bible at Woodstock, and another of 1 6mo came from the press of J. B. & S. L. Chase & Co. in 1836. Printing in New Hampshire dates from 1756. Isaiah Thomas gave his influence toward the pub- lication of an octavo Bible at Walpole in 181 5. He owned the press, and the publisher was his son-in- law, Anson Whipple. There was some difficulty in setting the type, and the work was about five years in going through the press. The edition consisted of eight thousand copies. The Old and New Tes- taments are paged, but the Apocrypha is without pagination. Numerous editions of the Scriptures contain on the title-page the name of the town of Concord. The dates are as follows: The New Testament in i2mo by Luther Roby in 1823. The New Testament in i8mo, without date, but supposed to have been pub- lished in 1829 by Horatio Hill & Co. Abo a i2mo New Testament, without date, but assigned to 1833. A Bible in i2mo by Moses G. Atwood in 183 1. A i2mo Polyglot Testament and an i8mo Testament in 1833 by Coffin, Roby, Hoag & Co. A Bible in 32mo by C. & A. Hoag in 1834, The New Testa- ment in 32mo in 1834, and the Bible in the same Various Editions. 355 size in 1836 by Charles Hoag. In the latter year a 32mo Bible by O. L. Sanborn. In 1838 a 24mo Bible, in 1839 a quarto Bible, and in 1841 a i2mo Testa- ment by Roby, Kimball & Merrell. In 1844 a i2mo Bible, and in the same year a 32mo Testament, by Luther Roby. In 1847 Henry Wallis & J. Roby stereotyped a 24mo Polyglot Bible. A quarto Bible was issued by Luther Roby in 1850. A few Bibles have been printed at Exeter. In 1827 J. & B. Williams published a i2mo New Tes- tament. Andrew Poor and James Derby issued the New Testament in two octavo volumes in 1830. In 1 83 1 James Derby published the New Testament in 32mo. In 1830 a i2mo Bible was printed at Claremont by the Claremont Manufacturing Company's Power Press. The New Testament in 48mo was issued by the same company in 1831. A New Testament in i2mo was published by Sim- eon Ide at New Ipswich, but the date is unknown. It has been conjectured that the year was 18 16. In 181 8 S. A. Morrison & Co. published a i2mo New Testament at Keene. A Polyglot Bible of the same size was impressed by J. & J. W. Prentiss in 1840. A Polyglot Testament from the same pub- lishers also bears the date of 1840. The State of Maine, according to Thomas, pub- ■ 356 Early Bibles. 11 lished its first newspaper at Falmouth in 1785, but it has not furnished many early Bibles. A Harmony of the Kings and Prophets was published by Stephen Merrell at Kittery in 1832 in octavo form. In 1839 O. L. Sanborn of Portland imprinted a Bible in 32mo. A Bible of the same size was issued by Sanborn, Sherburne & Co. in 184 1. In 1844 San- born & Carter published a Polyglot Bible in i2mo. Their 32mo Bible of 1842 went through a number of editions. They impressed a Bible in i8mo in 1848. S. H. Colesworthy printed in 1848 the New Testa- ment after a version made by Jonathan Morgan. It is a curiosity in the way of its orthography, as well as in the eccentricity of the translation. It has been referred to in the chapter on Curious Versions, The only publication of Scripture of an early date known to us as having been printed in Rhode Island, is a i2mo New Testament published at Providence by Miller & Hutchens, No. i Market Square, in 1821. It is a book of 312 pages. But few publications of the Scriptures can be traced to the District of Columbia. The Rheims Testament was printed by W. Duflfy of Georgetown in 1817, and a work entitled " Christology of the Old Testament," consisting mainly of quotations from Scripture by the Rev. Dr. Hengstenberg, was published in an octavo volume at Alexandria in 1836. The "History of »ii V Various Editions. 357 Job," " Reconstructed in the English Language to accord with the long-lost Arabic," was published by Samuel Reeve at Washington in 1855. In the State of Kentucky the earliest Bibles were those published by the Auxiliary Bible Society. The i2mo Bible printed at Lexington in 18 19 was prob- ably the first. A i2mo book of 240 pages, containing the Gospel of St. Matthew and the Acts of the Apostles in the language of the Pottawotomi Indians, was published in 1844 by the American Indian Mission Association. The printer was William C. Buck, of Louisville. An imperial quarto Bible, " With a perpetual Gene- ological Family Register entirely new and original," appeared at Nashville, Tenn., in 1858. It bears the name of Richard Abbey, and also the line, " Sold by the Southern Methodist and Publishing House." The title-page contains the words " New York and Nashville," and the imprint of the New York pub- lishers. The only portion of Scripture known to have been printed in the State of Georgia is the small New Testament issued by the Confederate States Bible Society in 1862. While the title-page bears the name of Augusta, the book was printed at Atlanta. In 1828 James Campbell of Bethany, Va., printed and published a i2mo book with the title: "The 358 Early Bibles. Sacred Writings of the Apostles and Evangelists of Jesus Christ, commonly styled the New Testament. Translated from the Original Greek by George Camp- bell, James MacKnight,and Philip Doddridge, Doctors of the Church of Scotland." A second edition was published in 1830, and a third in 1832. Macgowan's " Life of Joseph, Son of Israel," was printed at Rich- mond in the year 1800. The Western States have so recent a history that they cannot contribute much to this subject. An edition of the New Testament in 24mo was published by William Stewart at Hagerstown, Ind., in 1843. The printer was Edwin Bell. A quarto Bible was printed at Dayton, O., in 1857, by E. A. & T. T. More. There is a strong resem- blance between this book and the Wilbur Reference Bible of 1846, and it was doubtless printed from the same plates. It has a frontispiece to each Testa- ment, and other engravings. Many of the towns in the States of Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, aside from Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, have printed editions of the Bible. This is especially the case with Massa- chusetts. At Amherst, in 1828, J. S. & C. Adams published a i2mo New Testament with Wilbur's references. They also issued a 24mo Bible in 1834. Various Editions. 359 Charles McFarland published the New Testament in octavo with the notes of Dr. Doddridge in 1839. At Andover, in 18 14, Flagg & Gould printed a Harmony in Greek of the Gospels, with notes by Rev. Dr. Newcome. It was a reprint by the junior class of the Theological Seminary, as s ited on the title-page. It is an octa o. A translation with commentary, by the Rev. Moses Stuart, of the Epistle to the Hebtcws, appeared in 1828. Also the Epistle to the Romans, by the same, in 1835. Tyndale's Testament of 1526 ,ilh "the esse 'al variations of Coverdale's, Thon as Matthew's, Cran- mer's the Genevan, and the Bishops' Bibles as mar- ginal readings," by J. P. Dabney, vva. printed by Gould & Newman in i2mo in 1837. Also in the same year they issued the Four Gospels with Campbell's Notes in two octavo volumes. The New Testament in i2mo, with Wilbur's refer- ences, was published by S. Wilson, at Belchertown, in 1829. At Brookfield, in 18 10, E. Merriam & Co. im- printed a i2mo New Testament. They also issued in 181 5 an oct" . j Bible, of which an edition of twelve thousand copies was printed. Samuel Green & Marmaduke Johnson made Cam- bridge famous the world over by the publication of 36o Early Bibles. the Eliot translations. They were followed by other printers, and the name of the University town adorns the title-pages of many books. In 1809 Milliard & Metcalf published in i2mo the Book of Psalms in Hebrew. A Greek Testament in octavo also bears the date of the same year. Still another book was imprinted in 1 809. It is an Appen- dix to the New Testament, by Judge Winthrop. In 1820 a translation of the New Testament by Gilbert Wakefield, from the second London edition, was printed at the University Press in octavo. The Book of Job, with an introduction and notes by George R. Noyes, was impressed by Hilliard & Brown in 1827. Annotations on the New Testament, " Compiled from the best critical Authorities, and designed for popular use," by J. P. Dabney, was imprinted in i2mo by the same printers in 1829. Dr. Coit's Paragraph Bible in three i2mo volumes was printed by Manson & Grant in 1834 and the New Testament separately in the same year. The Gospel of St. John after Luther's German ver- sion, " with an Interlinear English Translation for the use of Students," by Professor Charles Pollen, was imprinted by James Monroe & Co. in 1835. Samuel Etheridge was an enterprising printer of Charlestown. He printed a quarto Bible in 1803. \ Various Editions. 361 It contains a map of Palestine and nine historical engravings. It has marginal notes and references, and Brown's Concordance is added. Also a i2mo New Testament of 1803 has his imprint. A " Short and Plain Exposition of the Old Testament " by the Rev. Job Orton in six octavo volumes came from the Etheridge Press in 1805. " The Life of Joseph," a paraphrase of Scripture, was published at Greenfield by John Denio in 1805. An Abridged Bible, for the use of children, by the same printer, is dated 181 1. A Compendium of Scripture, " being a Transcript of the received Text," by Rodolphus Dickinson, was printed by Horace Graves in 18 14. A Biblical Catechism was im- printed by Denio & Phelps in 181 7. W. & H. Merriam issued an i8mo Bible in 1842. At Lunenburg, in 1821, W. Greenough published a l2mo Bible. This was reissued by Edmund Gushing in 1825. A Bible in quarto, with Cushing's imprint, is dated 1828. It has nine engravings. A press was set up at Newburyport in 1773. At an early date John Mycall published a New Testa- men'; in i2mo. The title-page is not dated, but the year was probably 1791. Parker & Robinson also published a Testament of the same size, but it is without date. William B. Allen & Co. imprinted a 1 2mo New Testament in 18 14, a i2mo Bible in 181 5, > t V 362 Early Bibles. I and a 32mo New Testament in 18 16. John G. Tilton printed a 1 2mo New Testament in 1 840, and William W. Nason another of the same size in 1843. Four chapters of Isaiah in paraphrase came from the press of William Butler of Northampton in 1802. Another edition with six chapters appeared in 1803. A Harmony of the Four Gospels was also im- printed at Northampton in 1828 in i2mo. In 1836 J. H. Butler published a i6mo Bible, and Hopkins, Bridgeman & Co. another of 32mo in 1853. G. & C. Merriam published at Springfield in 1838 the Polyglot Bible in 24mo, and another in 32mo in 1840. The latter was reissued in 1848 under the firm name of Merriam, Chapin & Co. ; The twenty-third chapter of Isaiah, with comments, was imprinted in octavo by Wood & Rupp in 1842. Worcester will always be identified with the admir- able publications of Isaiah Thomas and his successors. No record more substantial could be desired. Several towns in the State of New York have also contributed editions of the Bible. Some early im- prints emanated from Albany. The Book of Isaiah after the translation of Bishop Lowth was printed in i2mo by Charles R. & George Webster, 2 Pearl Street, in 1 794. The New Testament, " carefully revised and cor- rected by the Rev. John McDonald of Albany," Various Editions. 363 bears the firm name of H. C. Southwick. The book Va a i2mo, and the pages are not numbered. The date is 181 3. A Bible in octavo was issued by E. F. Bachus in 18 16. Another in i2mo was the product of the press of Websters & Skinners, corner of State and Pearl Streets, in 181 7. Still another of the same size was imprinted by E. & E. Hosford in 1822. S. Shaw published a i2mo New Testament known as the " Definition Testament" in 1825. Packard & Van Benthuysen were the publishers in 1833 of the New Testament in the Chippewa lan- guage. Henry Oliphant published at Auburn in 1846 the New Testament in i2mo, and James M. Alden a quarto Bible in 1851, followed by another in 12 mo in 1852. The Gospel of St. Matthew, according to the curi- ous version of Hezekiah Woodruff, was imprinted by Henry Oliphant in 1852. A quarto Bible was im- pressed by William J. Moses in 1856. The volume has several illustrations. Phinney & Co. published at BufTalo in 1849 a quarto Bible, and another in 1857. A 32mo New Testa- ment of 1 849 also bears their name. A quarto Bible without date was issued by John E. Beardsley. An octavo volume of Notes on the New Testament was V 364 Borly Bibles. ^ published by James D. Bemis, in 1 8 19, at Canan- daigua. Cooperstown was the manufacturing point for many- years of thousands and tens of thousands of Bibles. H. & E. Phinney began their business in 1822, and for twenty-five years made on an average six thou- sand Bibles per annum. It is impossible to follow their editions, except to say that their first quarto Bible was published in 1822, their 32mo New Testa- ment in 18^2, their octavo Bible in 1841, their 48mo New Testament in 1832, their octavo Polyglot Bible in 1845, their i2mo New Testament in 1846, and their i6mo New Testament in 1847. In 1850 Wanzer, Foote & Co. published at Roch- ester a quarto Bible that strongly resembles the Phin- ney quarto of 1822. An exposition of the one hundred and thirtieth Psalm by Dr. Owen was printed by Dodd & Rum- sey at Salem in 1806. It is a i2mo of 419 pages. A quarto Bible was imprinted by Mills, Hopkins & Co. at Syracuse in 1854, with illustrations, William Williams, 60 Genesee Street, Utica, pub- lished a i2mo New Testament in 18 19. The same publisher placed his imprint in 1827 upon the Phin- ney quarto of 1822. He also issued a i2mo New Testament after the Rheims version in 1829. He added a school edition in i8mo in 1832. Explana- /■ Various Editions. 365 tory Notes on Scripture by Ezekiel I. Chapman appeared in 183 1, In 1840 Thomas Davis reissued the Rheims Testament of 1829. In 1845 W. & H. Merriam published a 32mo Bible at Troy. They also issued a quarto Bible in 1 846. Merriam, Moore & Co. published a 24mo Bible in 1847, and imprinted a quarto illustrated with wood- cuts in 1855. In Pennsylvania Bible-making was not all confined to Philadelphia. At Lancaster, in 1797, J. Bailey & W. & R. Dick- son of King Street published a 12 mo New Testa- ment. At Pittsburgh, in 183 1, H. Hcldship & Son issued a 1 2 mo Bible; Luke Loomis & Co. of Wood Street in 1831 a i2mo New Testament; Johnston & Stock- ton a i2mo Bible in 1834; and Cook & Schoyer an i8mo Bible in the same year. The Bibles or portions thereof that were published at Ephrata, Germantown, Reading, Carlisle, Lancas- ter, Somerset, and Harrisburg were for the most part in the German language, and have already come under our consideration. A book of this kind cannot be in a strict sense inclusive. Some editions of the Bible were printed without date, and others without the name of either printer or publisher. Some were printed privately or ^mmavBsmsm 366 Early Bibles. ^ in obscure towns, where the circulation of the book was limited. Dr. O'Callaghan numbers the titles of Bibles and parts thereof published in America from 1 66 1 to i860 at fifteen hundred. With all his dili- gence and patient research there were still many edi- tions he did not find.^ Dr. Hall very justly says:^ " Bibliographic work, according to all experience, is never perfect. Diligence along the lines of regular information and of systematic search is ever supple- mented by the knowledge that comes only by chance. The antiquarian bookstore, the street stall, or the rag-dealer's stock, will now and then reveal a series of facts to which the librarians, the publishers, or the bibliophiles could give no clue." As literary property rare American Bibles consti- tute a safe investment, for the demand for them does not decrease, and the prices are steadily rising. A few years ago a copy of the Aitken Bible was bought in an old bookstore for five dollars, and it could be sold to-day for four hundred. An increase in price almost as remarkable has been witnessed in the his- tory of some copies of the Eliot Bible owned in this country. Public libraries, as they get the means, are securing these rare books, thus making them less accessible to the private buyer. Any one conversant 1 Appendix M. 2 In preface to "American Greek Testaments." Various Editions. 367 with the subject, comparing the price-list^ of to-day with the prices obtained in the past, must be convinced of the desirability of this kind of literary property. While many of the early Bibles are rude and un- adorned, we must respect them, for they represent conscientious work, and the best art of their time. They are historic and unique, and are worthy of our reverent care and love, for, after all, there is only one Book among books. I Appendix N. APPENDICES. APPENDIX A. DEDICATION IN THE ELIOT NEW TESTAMENT OF 1661. To the High and Mighty Prince, Charles the Second, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Ss'c. The Commissioners of the United Colonies in New England, wish increase of all happiness, &c. Most Dread Soveraign, — If our weak apprehensions have not misled us, this Work will be no unacceptable Present to Your Majesty, as having a greater Interest therein, than we believe is generally under- stood : which (upon this Occasion) we conceive it our Duty to declare. The People of these four Colonies (Confederated for Mutual De- fence, in the time of the late Distractions of our dear Native Country) Your Majesties natural born Subjects, by the Favour and Grant of Your Royal Father and Grandfather of Famous Memory, put them- selves upon this great and hazardous Undertaking, of Planting them- selves at their own Charge in these remote ends of the Earth, that without offence or provocation to our dear Brethren and Countrymen, we might enjoy that liberty to Worship God, which our own Con- science informed us, was not onely our Right, but Duty: As also that we might (if it so pleased God) be instrumental to spread the light of the Gospel, the knowledg of the Son of God our Saviour, to the poor barbarous Heathen, which by His late Majesty, in some of our Patents, is declared to be His principal aim. 369 370 Appendix. These honest and Pious Intentions, have, through the grace and goodness of God and our Kings, been seconded with proportionable success: for, omitting the Immunities indulged us by Your Highness Royal Predecessors, we have been greatly incouraged by Your Majes- ties gracious expressions of Favour and Approbation signified, unto the Address made by the principal of our Colonies, to which the rest do most cordially Subscribe, though wanting the like seasonable oppor- tunity, they have been (till now) deprived of the means to Congratu- late your Majesties happy Restitution, after Your long suffering, which we implore may yet be graciously accepted, that we may l)e equal partakers of Your Royal Favour and Moderation ; which hath been so Illustrious that (to admiration) the Animosities and different Perswa- sions of men have been so soon Composed, and so much cause of hope, that ( unless i 'ie sins of the nation prevent) a blessed calm will suc- ceed the late horrid Confusions of Church and State. And shall not we {Dread Sovernign) your Subjects of these Colonies, of the same Faith and Belief in all Points of Doctrine with our Countrymen, and the other Reformed Churches, (though perhaps not all alike perswaded in some matters of Order, which in outward respects hath been un- happy for us) promise and assure ourselves of all just favour and in- dulgence from a Prince so happily and graciously endowed? The other part of our Errand hither, hath been attended with En- devours and Blessing; nuny of the wilde Indians being taught, and understanding the Doctrine of the Christian Religion, and with much affection attending such Preachers as are sent to teach them, many of their Children are instructed to Write and Reaile, and some of them have proceeded further, to attain the knowledge of the Latine and Greek Tongues, and are brought up with our English youth in Uni- versity-learning : There are divers of them that can and do reade some parts of the Scripture, and some Catechisms, which formerly have been Translated into their own Language, which hath occasioned the under- taking of a greater Work, viz : The Printing of the whole Bible, which (being Translated by a {lainful Labourer amongst them, who was desirous to see the Work accomplished in his dayes) hath already proceeded to the finishing of the New Testament, which we here hum- bly present to Your Majesty, as the first fruits and accomplishment of the Pious Design of your Royal Ancestors. The Old Testament is w A Xppciidix. 371 now untlcr the Press, wanting and cravinp your Royal Favour and Assistance for the |ierfecting thereof. We may not conceal, that though this Work hath been begun and prosecute*! by such Instruments as God hath raised up here, yet the chief Charge and Cost, which hath supported and carried it thus far, hath l)een from tl»e Charity and Piety of divers of our well. affected Countrymen in Eii^lami; who being sensible of our inability in that respect, and studious to promote so good a Work, contributed large Sums of Money, which were to be improved according to the Direction and Order of the then-prevailing Powers, which hath been faithfully and religiously attended both there and here, according to the pious intentions of the Uenefactors. And we do most humbly beseech your Majesty, that a matter of so much Devotion and Piety, tending so much to the Honour of Goeet fivm those that hear ez>il will to this Sion, and render Your Majesty more Illustrious and Glorious to after Generations. The Gotl of Heaven long preserve and bless Your Majesty with many happy Daves, to his Glory, the good and comfort of his Church and People. Amen. \'\ i APPENDIX B. DEDICATION IN THE EMOT BIMI.E OF 1663. To the High and Mighty Prince, Charles the Seeomi, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Failn, d~v. The Commissioners of the United Colonics in New- Kn gland, Wish all Happiness, i\:c'. Most Dkkad Sovkkaic;n, — As our former Presentation of the New Testament was Graciously Accepted by Your Majesty; so with all Humble Thankfulness for that Royal Favour, and with the like hope, We are bold now to Present the WHOLE BIEl.E, Translated into the Language of the Natives of this Country, l)y ./ Painful Labourer in that Work, and now J'rinted and Finished, liy means of the Pious Hencficence of Your Majesties Subjects in England : which also by Your Special Favour hath been Continued and Confirmed to the intended Use and Advancement of so Great and Good a Work, as is the Propagation of the Gospel to these poor Barbarians in this (Ere- while) Unknown World. Translations of Holy Scripture, The Word of the King of Kings, have ever been deemed not unworthy of the most Princely Dedica- tions : Examples whereof are extant in divers Languages. Hut Your Majesty is the First that hath Received one in this Language, or from this American World, or ' from any Parts so Remote from Europe as these are, for ought that ever we heard of. Publications also of these Sacred ^Vritings to the Sons of Men (who here, and here onely, have the Mysteries of their Eternal S.ilvation revealed to them by the God of Heaven) is a Work that the Greatest Princes have Honoured themselves by. But to Publish and Communi- cate the same to a Lost People, as remote from Knowledge and Civil- ity, much more from Christianity, as they were from all Knowing, 372 Appendix, 373 Civil und C'liristian NntinnH; n Pcoplu witlimit l.iiw, witiiout l.i'ttcrs, without Kiclics, or Means to procure iiny hucIi tliint;; n people timt sii/t- lis i/iY/> in Ihtrkttess, ami in the SlunUno of Dentlt, us (we think) any since the Creation: This puts u Lustre upon it that is Su|H-rla- tive ; and to have yiven Roynl Tutronajje and Countenance to such a I'ublication, or to the Means thereof, will stand anion^ the Marks of Lusting; Honour in the eyes uf all that are Considerate, even unto After-(icnerations. And thou(;h there be in this Western World many Colonies of other lCurop;ean Nations, yet we hund)ly conceive, no Prince hath had a Return of such a Work as this; which may l)o some Token of tiie Success of Your Majesties Plantation of A'i-ti'-/uif;/iini/, Undertaken and Settled under the Kncourafjement and Security of Clrnnts from Your Koyal Father and (irandfather, of Famous Memory, and Cher- ished with late (Iracious Aspects from Your Majesty. Thouj^li indeed, the present Poverty of these Plantations could not have Accon\plished this Work, had not the forcmentioned liounty of Englanii lent Relief ; Nur could that have Continued to stand us in stead, without the Intlu- encc of Your Royal Favour antl Authority, wlu'rel)y the Corponiliim there, /''or Pivpiii^iifinf^ the Gos/iel omoii^ these dXitdTes, hath been JOstal)- lished and Kncouraged (whose Labour of Love, Care and Faithfulness in that Trust, must ever be rcmembred with Honour.) Yea, when private persons, for their private Knds, have of late soujjht .Xdvan- ta{jes to deprive the said Corporaticm of Half the Possessions that had been, by Liberal Contributitms, obtained for so Reli^jious Fnds ; We understand. That by an Honourable and Righteous Decision in Your Majesties Court of Chaneerv, their Hopes have been defeated, and the Thing Settled where it was and is. For which great Favour and Illustrious Fruit of Your Majesties ' lovernment, we cannot but return our most Humble Thanks in this Publick Manner: And, as the Result, of the joynt Endeavours of Your Majesties Subjects there and here, acting under Your Royal Influence, We Present You with this Work, which upon sundry accounts is to be called Yours. The Southern Colonies of the Spanish A'ation have sent home from this American Continent, much Gold and Silver, as the Fruit and End of their Discoveries and Transplantations : Tliat (we confess) is a scarce Commodity in this Colder Climate. Hut (suitable to the Ends of our 374 Appendix. Undertaking) we Present this, and other Concomitant Fruits of our poor Endeavours to Plant and Propagate the Gospel here; which, upon a true account, is as much better than Gold, as the Souls of men are more worth than the whole World. This is a Nobler Fruit (and indeed, in the Counsels of All-Disposing Providence, was an higher intended End) of Columbus his adventure. And though by his Brother's being hindred from a seasonable Application, your Famous Prodecessour and Ancestor, King Henry the Seventh, missed of being sole Owner of that first Discovery, and of the Riches thereof ; yet, if the Honour of first Discovering the True and Saving Knowledge of the Gospel unto the poor Americans, and of Erecting the Kingdome of JESUS CHRIST among them, be Reserved for, and do Redound unto your Majesty, and the English Nation, After-ages Will not reckon this Inferiour to the other. Religion is the End and Glory of Man- kinde; and as it was the Professed End of this Plantation; so we desire ever to keep it in our Eye as our main Design (both as to our selves, and the Natives about us) and that our Products may be answer- able thereunto. Give us therefore leave {Dread Soveraigit) yet again humbly to Beg the Continuance of your Royal Favour, and of the Influences thereof, upon this poor Plantation, The United Colonies of NEW ENGLAND, for tlie Securing and Establishment of our Civil Priviledges, and Religious Liberties hitherto Enjoyed ; and, upon this Good Work of Propagating Religion to these Natives, that the Sup- ports and Encouragements thereof from England may be still Coun- tenanced and Confirmed. May this Nursling still suck the Breast of Kings, and be fostered by your Majesty, as it hath been by your Royal Predecessours, unto the Preservation of its main Concernments ; It shall thrive and prosper to the Glory of God, and the Honour of your Majesty : Neither will it be any loss or grief unto our Lord the King, to have the Mlessing of the Poor to come upon Him, and that from these Ends of the Earth. The God by Tuhotn Kings Reign, and Princes Decree Justice, Bless Your Majesty and Establish your Throne in Righteousness, in Mercy, and in Truth, to the Glory of i.'is N^ame, the Good of His People, and to Your oivn Comfort and Rejoycing, not in this nely., but in another World. >\ APPENDIX C. To the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq: Govemour, And to the Company for the Propagation of The Gospel to the Indians in New England and Parts adjacent in America. Honourable Srs, — There are more than thirty years passed since the Charitable and Pious Collections were made throughout the King- dom of Eng/and, for the Propagation of the Gospel to the Indians, Natives of His MAJESTIES Territories in America; and near the same time : Since by His late MAJESTIES favour of ever blessed Memory, the Affair was erected into an Honourable Corporation by Charter under the Broad Seal of England; in all which time our selves and those that were before us, that have been Your Stewards, and managed Your Trust here, are witnesses of Your earnest and sin- cere endeavours, that that good Work might prosper and flourish, not only by the good management of the Estate committed to You, but by Your own Charitable and Honourable Additions thereto ; whereof this second Edition of the HOLY BIBLE in their own Language, much corrected and amended, we hope will be an everlasting witness ; for wheresoever this Gospel shall be Preached, this also that you have done, shall be spoken of for a Memorial of you ; find as it hath, so it shall be our studious desire and endeavour, that the success amongst the Indians here, in reducing them into a civil and holy life, may in some measure answer the great and necessary Expences thereabouts : And our humble Prayer to Almighty God, that You may have the glorious Reward of your Service, both in this and in a better World. We are Your Honours most Humble and Faithful Servants, William Stoughton. Joseph Dudley. Peter Bulkley. Thomas Hinckley. Boston, Octob. 23, 1685. 375 ;■ APPENDIX D. List o/ownsrs of Eliot New Testaments and Bibles, as far as known. New Testaments of \t(i\. British Museum (2), British and Foreign Bible Society, Bodleian Library, Town Library, Edinburgh Library, University Library, Trinity College, Harvard University, Lenox Library (2), Boston AthenjEuni, Library of the late John Carter Brown (2), Library of the late George Livermore, Mr. Clarence S. Bement, Mr. C. F. Gunther, Mr. Frederick F. Thompson, Mr. A. S. Werners, Bible of 1663. British Museum, Bodleian Library, University Library, Library of Duke of Devonshire, Library of Earl of Spencer, Glasgow University, Trinity College, Royal Library, Royal Library, Royal Library, National Library, 376 London, Eng. London, Eng. Oxford, Eng. Leicester, Eng. Edinburgh, Scot. Glasgow, Scot. Dublin, Ire. Cambridge, Mass. New York, N. Y. Boston, Mass. Providence, R. I. Cambridge, Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, 111. New York, N. Y. College Point, N. Y. London, Eng. Oxforf' Fng. Cambritlge, Eng. ("hatsworth, Eng. Althorp, Eng. Glasgow, Scot. Iiublin, Ire. Stuttgart, Ger. Berlin, Ger. Copenhagen, Den. Paris, Fra. Appendix. 377 Zealand Acailemy of Science, University of Virginia, Brown University, Harvard University, Bowdoin College, Library of Congress (2), Lenox Library (2), Andover Theological Seminary, Astor Library, American Antiquarian Society, Boston Athenxum, Boston Public Library, Massachusetts Historical Society, Philadelphia Library Company, Congregational Church, William Everett, Ph.D., Library of the late George Livermore, J. Hammond Trumbull, LL.D., Library of the late Joseph W. Drexel, Mr. Theodore Irwin, Mr. John Lyon Gardiner, Mrs. Laura Eliot Cutter, Library of the late Charles H. Kalbfleisch, Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, Library of the late John Carter Brown, Mr. E. P. Vining, Mr. C. F. Gunther, Mr. Frederick F. Thompson, Mr. Sumner Hollingsworth, Mr. Charles R, Hildeburn, Middleburg, HoU. Charlottesville, Va. Providence, R. I. Cambridge, Mass. Brunswick, Me. Washington, D. C. New York, N. Y. Andover, Mass. New York, N. Y. Worcester, Mass. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Newport, R. I. Quincy, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. Hartford, Conn. New York, N. Y. Oswego, N. Y. Gardiner's Island, N. Y. Brooklyn, N. Y. New York, N. Y. New York, N. Y. Providence, R. I. St. Louis, Mo. Chicago, 111.' New York, N. Y. Boston, Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Neiv Testament of \(i%o. Mr. W. E. Shillaber, Boston, Mass. Bible of 1685. • British Museum, London, Eng. * Contains the original dedication to Hon. Robert Boyle. V 378 Appendix. British and Foreign Bible Society, Bodleian Library, * Trinity College, Library of Advocates, Edinburgh University, Glasg:ow University, National Library, Royal Library, * Leyden University, Prince Stolberg Library, * Utrecht University, Royal Library, * University Library, Library of the Earl of Spence Harvard University, University of South Carolina, Yale College, Trinity College, Morse Institute, Bowdoin College, Dartmouth College (2), Pilgrim Society, Ph.-ilelphia Library Co. (2), * Andover Theological Seminary, * Lenox Library (2), Long Island Historical Society, * Massachusetts Historical Society, New York Historical Society, Pennsylvania Historical Society, New York State Library, American Antiijuarian Society (2), American Philosophical Society (2), Boston Athenaeum (2), * Boston Public Library, Library of Congress, London, Eng. Oxford, Eng. Cambridge, Eng. Edinburgh, Scot. Edinburgh, Scot. Glasgow, Scot. Paris, Era. Stuttgart, Ger. Leyden, Holl. Wernigcrode, Ger. Utrecht, Holl. Copenhagen, Den. Copenhagen, Den. Althorp, Eng. Cambriilge, Mass. Columbia, S. C. New Haven, Conn. Hartford, Conn. Natick, Mass. Brunswick, Me. Hanover, N. H. Plynvjoth, Mass, Philadelphia, Pa. Andover, Mass. New York, N. Y. Brooklyn, X. Y. Boston, M.ass. New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Alliany, N. Y. Worcester, Mass. Philadelphia, Pa. Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Washington, D. C. * Contains the original dedication to Hon. Robert Boyle. /• V Appendix. 379 Congregational Library, Boston, Mass. Connecticut Historical Society (2), Hartford, Conn. Rev. John F. Hurst, D.D., LL.D., Washington, 1). C. * Dr. Charles R. King, Antlalusia, Pa. Mr. Levi Z. Lciter, Chicago, 111. Library of the late George Livermore, Cambridge, Muss. Dr. Ellsworth Eliot, New York, N. Y. * Library of the late Col. Geo. W. Pratt, New York, N. Y. J. Hammond Trumbull, LL.D,, Hartford, Conn. Mr. Luciuj L. Hubbard (2), Cambriiige, Mass. Mr. L. II. Chubbuck, Boston, Mass. Mr. Wilbcrforce Eames, Brooklyn, N. Y. * Library of the late John Carter Brown (2), Providence, R. L Library of the late Rev. Henry M. Dexter, D.D., Boston, M-ass. Mr. Cornelius Van Allentown, Pa. Reinhard Keelor, M.D., Harleysville, Pa. Antietam Church, Waynesboro, Pa. Mr. Clarence S. Dement, Philadelphia, Pa. \ Mr. Henry S. Dotterer, Philadelphia, Pa. Miss Deborah Godshall, , Mainland, Pa. Mrs. Samuel Harley, « Salfordviiie, Pa. /■ Appendix. 383 Mr. James Rushow, Harleysville, Pa. Mr. George P. Wanger, Pottstown, Pa. Mr. J. Stanford Brown, New York, N. Y. RECAPITULATION, Copies owned in Europe la Copies owned in the United States 119 Total 131 APPENDIX G. Some of the prices paid for the Saur Bible ofiy^$, Newberry Library copy $50.00 Irwin copy 70.00 Massachusetts Historical Society copy 350.00 APPENDIX H. Prices of editions of the Saitr New Testament. Edition of 1745 $35-oo 1 755 15-00 1760 12.00 1761 58.00 1763 40.00 1764 50.00 1769 20.00 1775 25-00 APPENDIX I. List ofmvners of the Aitken Bible as far as known. British Museum, London, Eng. Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Mass. New York State Library, Albany, N. Y. 384 Appendix. Library of Congress, Wnshington, D. C. American AiUi(|uarian Society, Worcester, Mass. American Hihle S«)ciety, New York, N. V. Lenox Lil rary (2), New Vorl<, N. Y. Maryland I'-piscopal Library, Ikltimore, Md. Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, Conn. Philadelphia Library Company (2), Philadelphia, Pa. Pennsylvania Historical Society, Philadelphia, Pa. Sheldon Art Museum, Middlebury, Yt. Mr. Abraham (J. Cassel, Harleysville, Pa. Mr. Howard Edwiirds, Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. William Y. McAllister, Philadelphia, Pa. Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker, LL.D., Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. C. F. Gunther, Chicago, 111. Rev. John F. Hurst, D.D., LL.D., Washin^jtcm, D. C. Mr, Alfred Hitchin, Leeds, Eng. Mrs. Mary A. IJradbury (2), Germantown, Pa. Mr. F. Bourquin. Camden, N. J. Tilr, Theodore Irwin, Oswego, X. Y. Hon. George F. Hoar, Worcester, Mass. Mr. John Joseph McVey, Philadelphia, P.a. Miss Eliza Y. McAllister, Philadelphia, Pa, Rev. John Wright, D.D., St. P.iul, Minn. Mr. Georjre P. Philes, Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. William H. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. William Fisher Lewis, Philadelphia, Pa. RECAPITULATION. Copies owned in England 2 Copie'^ owned in the United States 30 Total 32 APPENDIX J. Some of the prices paid for the Aitken Bible. Eliza Y. McAllister copy $20.00 Wright copy 50.00 Irwin copy 300.00 Library of Congress copy 650.00 V Appendix. 385 APPENDIX K. Prices of editions of the Aitken New Testament, Edition of 1777 $25.00 " "1778 18.00 " "'779 20.00 " " 1781 45.00 APPENDIX L. A calculation of the number of hooks, chapters, verses, words, letters, ttCt in the Old and A\-io Testaments and the Apocrypha. From Brown^s Self-Interpreting Bible of 1822. OLD TEST. NEW TEST. TOTAL. Books 39 37 66 Clinpters 929 260 1, 189 Verses 23,214 7,959 3I.I73 Words 592,439 181, 153 773.592 Letters 2,728,100 838,380 3,566,480 Apocrypha. Chapters 183 Verses 6,081 Words 152,185 The middle chapter and least in the Bible is Psalm one hundred and seventeen. The middle verse is the eighth of the one hundred and eighteenth Psalm. The middle line is the 2d of Chronicles, fourth chapter, sixteenth verse. The word " and " occurs in the Old Testament 35,543 times. The same in the New Testament occurs 10,684 times. The word " Jehovah " occurs 9,855 times. ^i-'M m '•■K/l ^>, Vi^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) -^^ A^I^ 1.0 1.1 121 ISO |25 itt Kii 12.2 ■^ 136 US 140 1^ 11.25 i 1.4 6" 1.6 <^ "> ^V>; ^ "^IV-** Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STRECT WEBSTER, N.Y. USSO (716) •72-4503 ;\ k •S^ v \\ ^^ 6^ '^"* '.«^ 386 Appendix. Old Testament. The middle book is Proverbs. The middle chapter is Job xxix. The middle verse is the 2d of Chronicles, twentieth chapter, between the seventeenth and eighteenth verses. The least verse is i Chronicles, the first verse and first chapter. The twenty-first verse of the seventh chapter of Ezra has all the letters of the alphabet. The nineteenth chapter of the 2d of Kings and the thirty-seventh of Isaiah are alike. New Testament. The middle book is the 2d of Thessalonians. The middle chapter is between thirteenth and fourteenth Romans. The middle verse is seventeenth chapter of Acts, seventeenth verse. The least verse is the eleventh chapter of John, verse thirty-five. APPENDIX M. EDITIONS OF THE BIBLE AND PARTS THEREOF PRINTED IN AMER- ICA, PRIOR TO THE YEAR 1860, THAT ARE NOT MEN- TIONED BY DR. O'CALLAGHAN. I761. German Testament : Germantown, Pa., Christopher Saur. 12°. 1763- Prayer Book in Mohawk: Boston, Richard and Samuel Draper. Small 40. Harmony of the Gospels, in the Delaware Indian language: Bethlehem, Pa., J. Brandmiiller. 1764. German Testament : Germantown, Pa., Christopher Saur. 12°. 1767. Prayer Book : New York, James Parker. 16°. Appendix. 387 1777. The New Testament Commands : Haverhill, Mass., John Maycall Williams. 8°. 1780. Prayer Book in Mohawk : Quebec, William Brown, 12°. 1784. German Psalter: Germantown, Pa., Leibert & Billmeyer. 16°. 1785- Life of David : T. EUwood. Philadelphia, J. Cruikshank. i8<». 1786. Prayer Book : Philadelphia, Hall & Sellers. 12°. 1787. German Testament : Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 12°. German Testament : Ephrata, Pa. 12°. Dissertation on the Prophecies : Bishop Newton. Elizabethtown, N. J., Shepard Kollock. 8°. 1788. Proverbs : Philadelphia, Peter Stewart. 16°. 1789. Selectse e Veteri Testamento Historise: Philadelphia, B. Franklin Bache. 16°. 1791. German Testament : Philadelphia, Charles Cist. 12°. German Psalter : Philadelphia, Charles Cist. 16°. 1792. . New Testament : New York, Hodge & Campbell. Royal fol. New Testament : Philadelphia, Benjamin Johnson. 18°. Fleetwood's Life of Christ. 2 vols. Carlisle, Pa., L. Smith. 8^. ^ 1793- German Psalter : Ephrata, Pa. 16°. V, 388 Appendix. 1794. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, W. Young. 18°. 1795- German Testament : Ephrata, Pa. 12°. The New and Complete Life of Our Blessed Lord : Paul Wright, D.D. Philadelphia, Dunning & Hyer. Fol. Morning and Evening Prayer, with Psalter: New London, Conn., Thomas C. Green. 12°. Selectae e Veteri, etc. : Philadelphia, Thomas Dobson. 16°. The New and Complete Life of Our Blessed Lord : Paul Wright, D.D. New York, Birdsall & Menet. Fol. 1796. German Psalter ; Baltimore, Samuel Saur. 16°. German Psalter: Philadelphia, Heinrich Schweitzer. 16°. Dissertations on the Prophecies : Bishop Newton. Northampton, Mass., William Butler. %'^. Life of Joseph, the Son of Israel: John Macgowan. Wilmington, DeL 16°. New Testament: Lancaster, Pa., Bailey & Dickson. 12°. 1797- Life of Joseph, the Son of Israel : John Macgowan. Portsmouth, N. H. 160. Life of David: Thomas EUwood; Wilmington, Del., Johnson & Preston. 16°. Abridged Bible for Children : Wilmington, Del., Peter Brynberg. 16°. A Church Covenant: An Epitome of Scripture. By Elkanah Holmes. New York, John Tiebout. 18°. 1798. Scripture Lessons appointed for the Episcopal Church : New Bruns- wick, A. Blauvelt. 8°. 1799. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Thomas Dobson. Fol. 1800. German Testament : Harrisburg, Benj. Mayer. 12°. V Appendix. 389 Holy Bible: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. 12°, Life of Joseph, the Son of Israel : John Macgowan. Richmond, Va., William Pritchard. 16°. 1801. New Testament: Octorara, Pa., Francis Bailey. 12°. Commentary on Romans : Martin Luther. Philadelphia, R. Aitken. Life of Joseph, the Son of Israel: John Macgowan. Worcester, Isaiah Thomas. 16'^. Life of Joseph, the Son of Israel: John Macgowan. Windsor, Vt., Hahum Mower. 18°. 1802. New Testament: Brookfield, Mass., Merriam & Co. Holy Bible : Philadelphia. Printed for M. Carey by Robert Coch- ran. \(P. 1804. Ellwood's Sacred History. 3 vols. Burlington, N. J., David Alli- son. 12°. Beauties of the Bible : Ezra Sampson. Boston. iS'^. 1805. New Testament : Boston, printed by Thomas & Andrews for J. T. Buckingham. 18°. History of Elijah and Elisha: John Fry. Stanford, N. Y. 16°. 1806. Holy Bible: Baltimore, Fielding Lucas. 12°. Beauties of the Bible: Hudson, N. Y., W. E. Norman. 16°. New Testament: New York, Duyckinck & Miller. 16°. The Trial of Virtue: A Paraphrase on the Book of Job. By Rev. Chauncey Lee. Hartford, Lincoln & Gleason. 12°. History of the Holy Jesus : Worcester, Isaiah Thomas, Jr. 16°. 1807. SelectsE e Veteri, etc. : Philadelphia, Thomas and William Bradford. 1 60. Gaston's Collection of Texts : Philadelphia. 8°. 390 Appendix. History of the Holy Bible Abridged : Philadelphia, T. T. Stiles. 18°. New Testament: Brookfield, Mass., Merriam & Co. 12'^. 1808. New Testament : Philadelphia, A. Dickinson. 12°. Family Expositor : Doddridge's Notes. 6 vols. Charlestown, S. Etheridge. 8°. German Testament: Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 12°. New Testament: Brookfield, Mass., Merriam & Co. 18°. 1809. 12°. Joseph Galloway. 2 vols. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, M. Carey. Brief Commentaries on Revelation ; Trenton, N. J. 12°. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 18°. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, M. Carey. Royal 8°. New Testament Stories and Parables for Children : New Haven, Sidney's Press. 16°. 1810. • German Testament: Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 12°. Holy Bible : New York, D. Fraser. 4°. German Testament: Philadelphia, G. W. Mentz. 12°. The New and Complete Life of Our Blessed Lord : Paul Wright, D.D. 2 vols. Trenton, N. J., Daniel Fenton. 8°. New Testament: Philadelphia, A. Dickinson. 12°. 1811. German Psalter : Germantown, Pa. 24°. French Testament: Boston, Chez Les Libraries Associds. 12°. Owen's Exposition on Hebrews. 4 vols. Boston. 8°. Selectse e Veteri, etc. : New York, T. & J. Swords. 16°. New Testament: Wilmington, Del., Peter Brynberg. 12°. German Testament : Germantown, Pa. 12°. 1812. German Psalter : Philadelphia, Jacob Meyer. New Testament : Baltimore, Fielding Lucas. 16°. 24°. Appendix. 39» 8°. S. ols. ran, ght, Holy Bible : Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 18°. Bible Stories : Wilmington, Del., William Scolfield. 33°. Easy Introduction to Hebrew : Philadelphia. 8°. Beauties of the Bible : W. E. Norman. Hudson, N. Y. 18°. 1813. New Testament: Chambersburg, Pa., John Shryock. 12°. New Testament : Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12°. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. I2<^. Holy Bible : Philadelphia and Trenton. 4°. New Testament : Philadelphia, Benjamin & Thomas Kite. I2<^. Holy Bible : New York, W. Mercein. 12°. 1814. Newcome's Harmony of the Gospels in Greek: Andover, Mass., Flagg & Gould. Fourth edition, 4°. French Testament : Philadelphia, J. Bouvier. 12°. 1815. New Testament : Lancaster, Pa. 16°. German Psalter: Germantown, Pa., G. & D. Billmeyer. 16°. New Hieroglyphic Bible for Children : New York, S. Wood & Sons. 16°. German Psalter : Philadelphia, G. & D. Billmeyer. . itP. Hebrew Bible : Incomplete. New York, Whiting & Watson. 8°. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 12°. 1816. Holy Bible,with Scott's Notes: Philadelphia, W.W.Woodward. 8°. Compendium of the Bible : Rodolphus Dickinson. Deeriield, Mass. 12°. German Psalter : Philadelphia. 24°. New Testament : Philadelphia, W. W. Woodward. 16°. Holy Bible : Doddridge's Notes. Philadelphia. 8°. Holy Bible : Hudson, N. Y. 8°. Holy Bible : Boston. 8°. Compendium of the Bible : Rodolphus Dickinson. Greenfield, Mass. 12°. 392 Appendix. Holy Bible: Boston. 12°. New Testament : Trenton, Isaac Collins. 1817. 160. 160. lao. New Testament : New York, Collins & Co. Holy Bible: Hudson, N. Y. 80. Compendium of the Bible : R. Dickinson, Greenfield, Mass. Holy Bible: Trenton, D. & E. Fenton. 4°. New Testament: Bridgeport, Conn. 12°. An Index to the Bible: Philadelphia. 12*^. Holy Bible: Brattleborough, Vt., J. Holbrook. 4°. 1818. New Testament : Wilmington, Del., Robt. Porter. 12°. New Testament : Pittsburg, Patterson & Lambden. 12°. Gaston's Collection of Texts : Fredericktown, Md., Geo. Kolb. 18°. The New and Complete Life of Our Blessed Lord : Paul Wright, D.D. Winchester, Va., J. Foster. Fol. 1819. German Testament: New Berlin, Pa., Miller & Michel. 12°. New Testament: Brattleborough, Vt., J. Holbrook. 12°. Hymns and portion of St. John's Gospel in Seneca : Buffalo, H. A. Salisbury. 16°. 1820. New Testament : Utica, William Williams. 18°. New Testament: Philadelphia, George W. Mentz. 12°. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8°. Fleetwood's Life of Christ : New York. 4°. Holy Bible : Baltimore. Fol. 1821. New Testament in Greek and Latin : New York, George Long. 12°. German Testament: Lancaster, Pa., Johann Bar. 12°. 1822. Greek Testament : Hartford, Oliver D. Cooke. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Co. 18°. 12°. Appendix. 393 Holy Bible : John Brown. Boston, S. Walker. Fol. Holy Bible : Lunenburg, Edmund Gushing. 4°. 1823. New Testament in Greek and English: Philadelphia, A. Small. MO. Greek Testament: Philadelphia, W. Fry. 12°. Spanish Testament: New York, American Bible Society. 12°. 1834. New Testament in Greek and I^atin : New York, Collins & Hanney. 12°. New Testament: Albany, Websters & Skinners. 12°. New Testament: Philadelphia, Marot & Walker. 12°. 1825. Greek Testament: Hartford, Oliver D. Cooke. 12°. 1826. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 24°. German Psalter: Lancaster, Pa. 16°. German Testament: Carlisle, Pa. 16°. New Testament: Brooke County, V*a., Alex. Campbell. 8°. 1827. New Testament: Concord, N. H., John H. Putnam. \^''. St. Luke's Gospel in Mohawk: New York, A. Hoyt. ?• \ New Testament : Elizabethtown, Mervin Hale. 12°. German Testament: Carlisle, Pa., Moser & Peters. l6°. Holy Bible : John Brown. New York, J. Kinnersly. Fol. Holy Bible : New York. 24O. Portions of the Bible in Choctaw : Cincinnati, Morgan, Lodge & Fisher. 16°. 1828. ' Holy Bible: Hartford, Henry Hudson. 12°. German Psalter: Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 16°. 394 Appendix. New Testament : ConcortJ, N. H., Luther Roby. 34*^. New Testament : Philadelphia. For the Bible Society at Philadel- phia. \i^. An Exposition of the New Testament. By Rev. Timothy Kenrick. 3 vols. Boston. 8°. New Testament : Albany, J. Goodrich. 12°. 1839. Hebrew Chrestomathy. By M. Stuart. Andover. 8°. Greek Testament: Hartford, Oliver D. Cooke. 13°. St. Matthew's Gospel in Cherokee : New Echota, Cherokee Mission Press. 24^. Part of St. Matthew's Gospel in Chippewa: Toronto, Can., Chris- tian Advocate Office. 8-^. Part of the New Testament in Chippewa: York, U. 'C. Gazette Office. iP. 1830. German Testament : Harrisburg, Pa., Gustav C. Peters. 13°. French Bible : New York. 1 2^\ Holy Bible : New York, Bible and Common Prayer Book Society. 13°. Holy Bible : Boston. 8-\ Holy Bible: New York, D. D. Smith. 8^. New Testament : Philadelphia. 32^. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, stereotyped by D. & G. Bruce. 13°. 1831. Psalms : A New Version. By G. P. Noyes. Boston. 12°. Latin and Spanish Bible. 26 vols. Mexico, Mariano Galvan. ip. Greek Testament: Philadelphia, Towar & Hogan. 12°. New Testament in Greek and Latin : New York, Collins & Hanney. 12°. French Testament : New York, American Bible Society. 18°. St. Matthew's Gospel in Chippewa: York, Can., Colonial Advocate Office. 8°. Apocalypse : Notes by D. N. Lord. New York. 8°. The Family Expositor : Dr. Doddridge. New York. 8°. Appendix. 395 Port of GciiCHis in Choctaw : Utica, N. Y., Williiiin Williuins. 24^'. Gospels of St. Luke, St. John, and part of St. Mark in Choctaw : Utica, William WilliuiiiH. ib"-'. French Uible: New York, American Dilile Society. 13'^. 1832. Sacred Writings : A. Campbell. Bethany, Va. 8°. French Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 18°. New Testament : Baltimore, V. I.ucas. 32^. New Testament : New York, John C. Kiker. 24°. Holy Bible : Boston, Charles Caylord. 8^. Holy Bible : New York, N. & J. White. Fol. French Bible: New York, American Biiile Society. 13°. New Testament : Philadelphia, J. Ilarmstead. 16". 1833. Holy Bible : Cincinnati. 40. Acts in Cherokee : New Kchota. 24*^. Ojibwa Speilinjj Book with (lospcl Stories : Utica, C. Tracy. 180. Greek Testament: IMiiladelphin, Townr, IIot;an& Thompson. 12*^. Tart of the Ninth Chapter of denesis in t'hippcwa : York, Can. 8'^. Key to Revelation : Llkan Smith. New York. 8'^. New Testament: Philadelphia and Tuscumbin, Ala., Ilogan & Thompson. 8". Holy Bible: Concord, N. H., Coffin, Roby, Hoag & Co. 180. Commentary on the Holy Bible : Dr. Adam Clarke. 6 vols. Phila- delphia. 8^. Hebrews : Notes by M. Stuart. 2 vols. Andover. 8*^. 1834. Holy Bible: Brattleborough, Vt., Peck & Wood. 4°. First Corinthians in Mohawk : New York, McLlrath & Bangs. 16°. Acts in Mohawk: New York, McKIratli & Bangs. 12". Child's Bible : Philadelphia, Fisher & Bro. 64^. Epitome of Sacred History: New York. 16°. Holy Bible: Scott's Commentary. 5 vols. New York, N. & J. White. 4'^. 396 Appendix. I'olyylot Bible : Brattlebornugh, Vt. 80. Newcome's tlarmony of the UoHpcls in Greek: Amlover, Maai., Gould & Newman. 8^. The Cottage Hihle ami Family Expositor. Edited by Rev. William Pntton. J vols. Hartford. 8'-\ Holy Bible : New York, D. D. Smith, ffi, 1835- The Apocalypse Revealed. 3 vols. Boston, Otis Clapp. 13°. Ephesians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. la'^. New Testament in Greek and Latin : New York, B. & S. Collins. I a'-. Commentary on the Epistles. By Dr. Macknight. I'hiladelphia. 80. Ojibwa Spelling Book with Gospel Stories : Boston, Crocker & Brewster. la'^. Spanish Bible. 17 vols. Mexico, Mariano Galvan. 16°. Comprehensive Commentary on the Holy Bible : W. Jenks. 6 vols. Brattleborough, Vt. 8^. Miniature of the Holy Bible : Sanbornton, N. H. 130O. 1836. St. Matthew's Gospel in Shawanoe: Indian Territory, Shawanoe Baptist Mission Press. 16"^. First Corinthians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12°. Philippians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12°. Colossians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12°. Thessalonians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12°. Epistles to St. Timothy in Mohawk : New York, Howe & Bates. 12*^. Epistle to St. Titus in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12". Epistle to St. Philemon in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12'^. Hebrews in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12'^. St. Matthew's Gospel in Mohawk : New York, Howe & Bates. 12*^. German Bible: Philadelphia, Mentz & Son. Small 4^^. I \ Appendix, 397 Holy Hible: Ilnrtfonl, White, Dueur & Co. 4'. rhilippinns : Dr. i:a»tl)urn. New York, (1. iV C. Cnrvill & Co. New Testament in Greek ami Latin : New Vurk, Culliniii Kectu St. Co. 1 2^\ Revelation of St. John in Mohawk. 16°, St. Juile'H Kpistle in Mohawk. 16^'. St. John'.H CioHpel in Muhawk : New York, Youni; Men's Uible Society. 16°. Commentary cott. la*^. Greek Testament: New York, Harper & Bros. 120. Old Testament Stories in Algonquian: Montreal. iS'^. Isaiah: Barnes's Notes. 2 vols. New York, Leavitt & Allen. The Four Gospels in Cree : Moose Fort, Hudson Bay. 16°. Acts: Dr. Jacobus. Philadelphia, Presbyterian Board of Publi- cation. 12°. Acts: Notes by Rev. Dr. Hackett. Boston, Gould & Lincoln. 80. Isaiah : Notes by Rev. Dr. Alexander. 2 vols. New York, John Wiley. 8°. Scriptural Expositions : Dr. Neander. New York, Sheldon & Co. 8-\ Gospel of St. John : Commentary by Dr. Tholuck. Philadelphia, Smith, English & Co. 80. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 18°. St. Mark's Gospel in Cherokee: New York, American Bible Society. 24*^. St. Jude's Epistle in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 24^. Epistle to the Romans in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 24°. Epistle to the Philippians in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 24*^. Epistle to St. Titus in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Soci- ety. 240. The Epistles of St. Peter in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 24°. The Epistles of St. John in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 24°. Epistles to St. Timothy in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 24°. Revelation in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 24°. *,* The last nine books are without date, but 1859 is considered the year of publication. Appendix, 409 APPENDIX N. LIST OF PRICES OBTAINED KuR AMERICAN EDITIONS OP THE SCRIPTURES.* 1678. The Harmony of the Gospels. By John Eliot. Boston, John Foster. Small 4°, $275.00. 1707. St. John (chapter i., vs. 1-28) in Indian and English: Boston. Reprinted by B. Green. 12^, $250.00. 1709. Massachusetts Psalter: Boston, B. Green & J. Printer. 12°, $135.00. I7I5- First three chapters of Genesis in Mohawk in " The Morning and Evening Prayer " : New York, William Bradford. Small 4'', $240.00. 1718. Psalterium Americanum : Boston, S. Kneeland. 16°, $50.00. 1742. The Song of Songs : Boston, Tho. Fleet. 24°, $75.00. 1752. Psalms of David: Barnard's Version. Bostcvi, J. Draper. 12°, $25.00. 1 This list was priced by several specialists eminently fitted for the work, and is doubtless as correct as it can be made, considering the fluctuating values of old books. For the most part leading pub- lications have been mentioned, for if all the editions had been quoted this Appendix would have expanded into a book. Moreover, many of the later editions have but little market value. The prices quoted are for books in good condition and with perfect title-pages. The Eliot, Saur, and Aitken Bibles and Testaments are not included in this list, as they have been previously priced in separate appendices. In titles of more than one volume the price refers to the set, and not to single books. 410 Appendix. V Prayer Rook in Mohawk: Boston, Richard and Samuel Draper. Small 40, $50.00. 1764. New England Psalter: Boston, D. & J. Kneeland. Small 8^1, $ao.oo. 1765- Verbum Sempiternum, or Thumb Bible : Boston, N. Proctor. 143*, $50.00. 1766. St. Matthew. By Rev. Samuel Mather. Boston, Kneeland & Adams. 8*^, $10.00. 1767. Prayer Book: New York, James Parker. i(P, $5.00. 1768. Proverbs: Boston, Edes & Gill. Small 8°, $15.00. 1769. Prayer Book in Mohawk : New York, W. Weyman & Hugh Gaine. 80, $75.00. 1777. New Testament Commands : Haverhill, Mass., John Maycall WiU liams. 8^3, $50.00. Epistles and Gospels in German : Germantown, Christopher Saur. 8°, $15.00. 1780. Prayer Book in Mohawk: Quebec, William Brown. 12°, $50.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Francis Bailey. 12", $25.00. New Testament: Philadelphia, Hall & Sellers. 12*^, $25.00. 1784. Proverbs and Psalms : Boston, Benjamin Edes & Sons. 8°, $5.00. Sermon on the Mount, and Psalms : Boston, Benjamin Edes &. Sons. 80, $2.50. German Psalter: Germantown, Pa. 16°, $2.50. I ^ Appendix. 411 1786. Prayer Book: i'hnadelphia, if alt & Sellers. I a^^, $$0.00. New Testament: I'hiliulelphia, J. Cruikshank, F. Hailey, Young, Stewart & McCulloch, and J. Uubitun. la"^, $t0.oo. 1787. German Testament : Germantuwn, Pa., M. Ujllmeyer. ia°, $5.00. German Testament : Ephrata, Pa. 16°, $8.00. Dissertations on the Prophecies : Bishop Newton. Elizabethtown, N. J. 80, $3.50. Selectx e Veteri Tcstamento Historiae : Philadelphia, Prichard & Hall. lao, $3.50. 1788. Proverbs of Solomon: Philadelphia, Peter Stewart. l6<^, $15.00. A Curious Hieroglyphick Bible: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. a4°, $10.00. New Testament: Trenton, N. J., Isaac Collins. %^, $5.00. New Testament: Elizabethtown, N. J., Shepard Kollock. la'^, $5.00. 1789. Selectoe e Veteri, etc. : Philadelphia, B. Franklin Bache. 16°, $3.50. Genesis: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. Fol., $5.00. 1790. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Carey, Stewart & Co. 4^^, first Douay, $50.00. The Christian's New and Complete Family Bible: Philadelphia, William Woodhouse. Fol., $25.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, W. Young. 12°, $15.00. Holy Bible Abridged : New York, Hodge, Allen & Campbell. 24°, $10.00. New Testament: New York, Hugh Gaine. 12°, $10.00. New Testament: New Haven, A. Morse. 12°, $5.00. 1791. German Testament: Philadelphia, Charles Cist. 12°, $5.00. German Psalter: Philadelphia, Charles Cist. 16°, $2.50. Holy Bible: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. Fol., $10.00. 412 Appendix. I Holy Bible: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. 4°, $10.00. Holy Bible: Trenton, N. J., Isaac Collins. 4^-, $10.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, W. Young. 18°, $10.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, John McCullock. 12°, $5.00. New Testament: Newburyport, Mass., John Mycall. 12°, $7-50* 1792. New Testament : Philadelphia, Benjamin Johnson. 18°, $3.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, W. Young. 180, $10.00. The Self-Interpreting Bible : New York, Hodge & Campbell. Fol., $35.00. New Testament: New York, Hodge & Campbell. Fol., $5.00. Holy Bible : New York, Hodge & Campbell. 4°, $25.00. Holy Bible: New York, Hugh Gaine. 12°, $10.00. Fleetwood's Life of Christ. 2 vols. Carlisle, Pa., L. Smith. 8°, $3.00. A Commentary on the Book of Psalms. By Bishop of Norwich. 2 vols. Philadelphia, \V. Young. 8°, $15.00. 1793- Holy Bible: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. 8°, $10.00. Holy Bible: Trenton, N. J., Isaac Collins. 8°, $3.50. German Psalter: Ephrata, Pa. 16°, $5.00. 1794. A New Ilieroglyphical Bible: Boston, W. Norman. 12°, $5.00. Isaiah. By Bishop Lowth. Albany, Charles R. & George Webster. 12°, $3-50- Daniel : New York, Greenleaf's Press. 8°, $3.50. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, W. Young. 24", 1^5.00. . Holy Bible : Philadelphia, W. Young. 18°, $5.00. New Testament : Boston, Alexander Young and Thomas Minns. 12°, $5.00. New Testament : Trenton, N. J., Isaac Collins. 8°, $2.00. Burkitt's Expository Notes : New Haven, Abel Morse. 4°, $10.00. Apocalypse. By James Winthrop. Boston, Belknap & Hall. 8°, $5.00. f / (^ Appendix. 413 1795- German Testament : Ephrata, Pa. 12°, $5.00. Morning and Evening Prayer with Psalter : New London, Conn., Thomas C. Green, 12°. [Only one copy located, and the owner is unable to fix a price upon it.] Job : A Paraphrase. Boston, Samuel Hall. 8"=, $2. 50. Isaiah: A Paraphrase. Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. 8°, $2.50. The New and Complete Life of Our Blessed Lord. By Paul Wright, D.Dl, Philadelphia. Fol., $5.00. German Testament: Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 12°, $2.50. Selectse e Veteri, etc. : Philadelphia, Thomas Dobson. 16°, $2.50. ' 1796. Holy Bible Abridged: Worcester, Mass., Thomas, Son & Thomas. 32'3, $5.00. German Psalter : Baltimore, Samuel Saur. 16°, $5.00. German Psalter: Philadelphia, Heinrich Schweitzer. 16°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Berriman & Co. Fol., $10.00. The Four Gospels : With Dr. Campbell's Notes. Philadelphia, Thomas Dobson. 4°, $5.00. New Testament : Lancaster, Pa., Bailey & Dickson. 12°, $5.00. Life of Joseph, the Son of Israel : John Macgowan. Wilmington, Del. $2.00. Dissertations on the Prophecies : Bishop Newton. Northampton, Mass. 8'2, $2.00. Burkitt's Expository Notes : New York, T. Dunning & W. W. Hyer. Fol., $10.00. Burkitt's Expository Notes : Philadelphia, William W. Woodward. Fol., $10.00. 1797. Life of Joseph : John Macgowan. Portsmouth, N. H. 16°, $2.00. Holy Bible: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. 12°, $5.00. New Testament: New Haven, Edward O'Brien. I2<^, $3.00. [^ V 414 Appendix. New Testament: Lancaster, Pa., J. Bailey & W. R. Dickson. 12°, $5.00. St. Matthew and portions of the Epistles in " Catholic Liturgy" : Boston, Isaiah Thomas. fP, $5.00. Life of David: Thomas EUwood. Wilmington, Del., Johnson & Preston. 16°, $3.50. Holy Bible Abridged for Children. Wilmington, Del., Peter Brynberg. 16°, $4.00. 1798. Holy Bible : First Hot Press Edition. Philadelphia, John Thomp- son & Abraham Small. Fol., $15.00. Scripture Lessons for the Episcopal Church : New Brunswick, N.J., A. Blauvelt. 8°, $5.00. New Testament for Children : Hartford, John Babcock. 24°, $3.00. Holy Bible: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. 12*^, $5.00. 1799. New Testament : Philadelphia, Charles Cist. 12°, $7.50. History of the Passion in the Arrawack language : Philadelphia, Charles Cist. S'^, $2. 50. Holy Bible: Worcester, Mass., Isaiah Thomas. 12°, $5.00. The Four Gospels : With Dr. Campbell's Notes. Philadelphia, A. Bartram. 4^, $5.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Thomas Dobson. Royal fol., $20.00. 1800. German Testament: Harrisl)urg, Benjamin Mayer. 12"^, $3.50. Greek Testament: First in America. Worcester, Isaiah Thomas, Jr. 12°, $5.00. Holy Bible : Worcester, Isaiah Thomas. 12-, $2.50. Life of Joseph: John Macgowan. Richmond, Va., William Prit- chard. 16*^, $2.00. 1801. Holy Bil)le: New York, William Durell. Fol., $5.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4*^, $5.00. Holy Bible : New York, M. L. & W. A. Davis. 4^, $5.00. Holy Bible: Boston, I. Thomas & E. T. Andrews. 12^, $5.00. \\ Appendix. 415 on. »>. & ter P- r-. K5. a, New Testament : New York, William Durell. 4°, $3.00. New Testament : New York, Benjamin Gomez. 12°, $3.00. New Testament: Newburyport, Mass., Parker & Robinson. $5.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Thomas Dobson. 12°, $5.00. New Testament : Worcester, Isaiah Thomas. 8", $3.00. Life of Joseph : John Macgowan. Worcester, Isaiah Thomas. $2.00. The New and Complete Life of Our Blessed Lord : Paul Wright, D.D. New York, William Durell. Fol., $5.00. New Testament: Octorara, Pa., Francis Bailey. 12", $6.00. Commentary on Romans. By Martin Luther. Philadelphia, R. Aitken. 8°, $5.00. 1802. 16°, Holy Bible : Worcester, Isaiah Thomas. 8°, $7.50. Holy Bible: Whitehall, W. Young. 80, $5.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $5.00. Holy Bible: Worcester, Isaiah Thomas. 12^, $3.00. Isaiah : A Paraphrase. Northampton, William Butler. 8°, $2.50. New Testament : Philadelphia, Benjamin Johnson. 8°, $2.00. New Testament: Worcester, Isaiah Thomas, Jr. 12^, $2.00. New Testament: Wilmington, Del., Peter Brynberg. 12^, $5.00. New Testament: Brookfield, Mass., Merriam & Co. 12°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia. Printed for M. Carey by Robert Cochran. 16", $3.00. 1803. Holy Bible: Philadelphia. Printed by John Adams & William Hancock for M. Carey. 4^, $5.00. Holy Bible: New York, Sage & Clough. 4°, $4.00. Holy Bible: Charlestown, Samuel Etheridge. 4'-", $3.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia. Printed for M. Carey by Robert Cochran. 12°, $2.00. Holy Bil)le: Boston, I. Thomas & E. T. Andrews. 12°, $3.00. The Song of Songs: Philadelphia, W. W. Woodward. 8°, $1.50. Isaiah: A Paraphrase. Northampton, William Butler. 8°, $2.50, New Testament: Charlestown, Samuel Etheridge. 12^, $2.00. \\ 4i6 Appendix. German Testament: Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 12°, $2.50. i'8o4. Holy Bible : Philadelphia. Printed by John Adams for M. Carey. 4°. $5-oo. Holy Bible : Scott's Notes. 4 vols. Philadelphia, VV. Woodward. 40, $5.00. Holy Bible. 4 vols. Philadelphia, Benjamin Johnson. 8°, $4.00. Holy Bible: Boston. Printed for Thomas & Andrews by J. T. Buckingham. 12^^, $3.00. Selectee e Veteri, etc. : Philadelphia. 12°, $2.50. New Testament: Wilmington, Del., Bonsai & Niles. 12", $3.00. EUwood's Sacred History. 3 vols. Burlington, N. J., David Alli- son. 8^, $3.50. Beauties of the Bible : Ezra Sampson. Boston. 18°, $1.00. 1805. German Bible: Reading, Pa., Gottlob Yungmann. 4°, $10.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4^=, $5.00. Holy Bible: Morristown, N. J., Mann & Douglass. 8°, $5.00. Holy Bible : Boston. Printed for Thomas & Andrews by J. T. Buckingham. 12*^, $3.00. Exposition of the Old Testament : Rev. Job Orton. 6 vols. Charlestown, Mass., Samuel Etheridge. 8'-, $5.00. Life of Joseph: John Macgowan. Greenfield, Mass., John Denio. 12°, $2.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4^^, $2.00. New Testament : New York, E. Duyckinck. 12^, $3.00. ,, New Testament : Brooklyn, T. Kirk. 12^, $3.00. New Testament: Wilmington, Del., Peter Brynberg. 12°, $5.00. New Testament : Boston. 18°, $2.00. 1806. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $5.00. Self-Interpreting Bible : New York, Sage & Clough. Fol., $10.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 12°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, W. W. Woodward. 12^, $1.00. f\. Appendix. 417 :20, ey. rd. 00. T. 00. lli- T. Is. io. ^ \ Holy Bible: Boston. Printed for Thomas & Andrews by J. T. Buckingham. 12°, $2.00. Exposition on the CXXXth Psalm: Dr. John Owen. Salem, N. Y., Dodd&Rumsey. 12°, $2.00. New Testament: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $1.50. New Testament: Hartford, Lincoln & Gleason. 12°, $1.00. Greek and Latin Testament: Philadelphia, S. F. Bradford. 12°, $2.00. The Trial of Virtue : With Dissertation on the Book of Job. Hart- ford, Lincoln & Gleason. 12°, $2.00. Greek Testament : Philadelphia, S. F. Bradford. 12"=', $2.00. New Testament : New York, Duyckinck & Miller. \fP, $1.00. History of the Holy Jesus : Worcester, Isaiah Thomas, Jr. 16°, $2.00. 1807. Holy Bible : New York, Swan & Allinson. 4°, $5.00. Holy Bible: New York, Collins, Perkins & Co. 4°, $5.00. •Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Kimber, Conrad & Co. 8°, $3.00. The Family Expositor: Dr. Doddridge. 6 vols. Charlestown, Mass., Samuel Etheridge. S'^, $5.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 12°, $1.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $1.50. New Testament : New York, E. Duyckinck. 12°, $1.00. German Testament: Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 12°, $2.00. The Family Expositor : Dr. Doddridge. 2 vols. Hartford, Lincoln & Gleason. 8", $1.50. History of the Christian Church, chiefly deduced from the Apocalypse: New York, Hopkins & Seymour. 12^^, $2.00. History of the Holy Bible Abridged: Philadelphia, T. T. Stiles. 180, $2.00. New Testament : Brookfield, Mass., Merriam & Co. 12°, $1.00. Gaston's Collection of Texts : Philadelphia. 12°, $1.00. Selectae e Veteri, etc. : Philadelphia. 16*^, $1.50. I' The Family Expositor. Mass., Samuel Etheridge. 8^\ $5.00 1808. 6 vols. Dr. Doddridge. Charlestown, S\ 4i8 Appendix. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $3.00. Holy Bible: Translated from the Septuagint by Charles Thomson. 4 vols. Philadelphia, Jane Aitken. 8^, $18.00. Holy Bible: Boston. Printed for Thomas & Andrews by J. T. Buckingham. 12°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 12°, $1.00. The Old and New Testaments Digested and Illustrated by Way of Question and Answer: Baltimore. 8^, $1.00. New Testament: Whitehall, W.Young. I2"3, $2.00. Acts of the Days of the Son of Man : Philadelphia, Conrad Zentler. 12°, $1.00. First, Second, .and Third Epistles of St. John : Halifax, T. Haw- kins. 8^, $1.50. New Testament: New York, E. Duyckinck. 12°, $1.00. New Testament : Brookfield, Mass., Merriam & Co. 18°, $1.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Abel Dickinson. 12°, $3.00. 1809. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $3.00. 32°, $1.00. 80, $1.50. 12°, $1.00. 12°, $1.00. Hilliaicl & Metcalf. Common Prayer : Philadelphia, A. Dickinson. Holy Bible : Boston, Greenough & Stebbins. Holy Bibie : Boston, Greenough & Stebliins. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. The Psalms in Hebrew: Cambridge, Mass. 12^, $2.00. Sacred Extracts: Boston, Thomas B. Wjiit & Co. 12°, $3.00. New Testament: Newcome's Version. Boston, Thomas B. Wait & Co. 8S $3.50. New Testament : Philadelphia, Solomon Wiatt. 12^, $1.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Benjamin Johnson. 12'^, $3.00. Greek Testament: Cambridge, Mass., W. Wells & W. Hilliard. 8c, $2.00. New Testament Stories .ind Parables for Children : New Haven, Sidney's Press. 16'-, $1.50. Harmony of the Four Evangelists: Philadelphia, Kimber& Conrad. 8c, $1.00. , Appendix. 419 )n. of An Appendix to the New Testament : James Winthrop. bridge, Mass., Milliard & Metcalf. 12°, $1.50. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, M. Carey. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, M. Carey. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. Commentaries on Revelation. 2 vols. K. J, 12^ $2.00. 1810. Cam- 12°, $1.00. 18C, $1.00. Royal 80, $2.00. James Galloway. Trenton, Holy Bible : New York, Williams & Whiting. 8°, $4.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 40, $3.00. Holy Bible : Scott's Notes. 6 vols. New York, Williams & Whit- ing. 8^, $4.50. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, W. W. Woodward. i2'-\ $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 12°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Boston, Greenough & Stebbins. 12'^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12*-', $1.00. Genesis (chapter i. and part of ii.) in Hebrew: New Haven, Mills Day. 8°, $1.00. Wisdom in Miniature: New Haven, J. Cooke & Co. 32°, $3.00. New Testament: Baltimore, John Hagerty. 12°, $3.00. New Testament : New York, Williams & Whiting. 12°, $3.00. New Testament : Brookfield, Mjiss., E. Merriam & Co. 12^, $1.00. French Testament. 2 vols. First Edition in the United States. Boston, J. T. Buckingham. 8^^, $5.00. The New and Complete Life of Our Blessed Lord. 2 vols. Paul Wright, D.D., Trenton, N. J. 8'^, $1.00. Apostolical Epistles. 6 vols. Dr. Macknight. Boston, W. Wells &T. B. Wait& Co. 8°, $1.50. Holy Bible: New York. Sold by Daniel Eraser for M. Carey. 40, $4.00. German Testament: Philadelphia, George W. Mentz. i2"-\ $1.50. New Testament : Philadelphia, A. Dickinson. 12", $3.00. l8tl. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $4.00. Holy Bible. 6 vols. New York, Ezra Sargeant. 4°, $4.50. 430 Appendix. Holy Bible: Scott's Notes. 5 vols. Philadelphia, W. W. Wood- ward. 4^\ $5.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. la'-', $1.00. Holy Bible: Boston, Thomas & Andrews. I2^\ $2.50. Holy Bible Abridged for Children: Greenfield, Mass., John Denio. 240, $3.00. German Psalter: Germantown, Pa. 24"-, $1.50. Bible History: New York, S. Wood. 24^, $3.00. New Test.anient : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4^', $5.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, I'.enjamin C. Buzl)y. 12^', $2.50. New Testament : Philailelphia, W. W. Woodward. 12-, $1.50. New^ Testament : B.iltimore, John Hagerty. i8'-\ $2.00. The Four Gospels : Dr. Campbell. 4 vols. Boston, W. Wells and Thomas B. Wait & Co. 8>-\ $3.00. French Testament: Boston. 12^', $1.00. Exposition on Hebrews : Dr. Owen. 4 vols. Boston. 8*^, $4.00. German Testament : Germantown, Pa. I2^~, $1.50. New Testament: Wilmington, Del., Peter Brynberg. 12"^, $3.00. Selects e Veteri, etc. : New York, T. & J. Swords. 16^, $2.00. 1812. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4*^, $4.00. Holy Bible: Windsor, Yt., Merrifield & Cochran. 4^^, $5.00. Holy Bible: New York, E. Duyckinck, Smith & Forman, Collins & Co. 8^, $3.00. Holy Bible: Stereotyped for the Bible Society at Philadelphia. 12*^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Baltimore, John Hagerty. 12^', First American Diamond Edition, $4.00. Holy Bible: PhiKadelphJa, M. Carey. 12*^, $1.00. Holy Bible : Boston. Printed for Thomas & Andrews, West & Richardson, and West & Blake. 12^, $2.00. .Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12^, $2.00. Common rrayer: Baltimore, William Warner. 16^, $1.50. New Testament: New York, Whiting & Watson. 4^, $1.25. New Testament : New York. Whiting & Watson. 8^, $1.00. New Testament : New York, Whiting & Watson. 12^, $1.00. Appendix. 421 jod- mo. :11s o. )0. a. in & New Testament : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 12^, $1.00. New Testament: New York, E. Duyckinck. 12^, $1.00. German Testament : Lancaster, Pa., Wilhelm Hamilton. 12°, $4.00. Iloiy Hihle: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. iS'^, $1.00. Hihle Stories: Wilmington, Del., William Scolfield. 32°, $4.00. Easy Introduction to Hebrew: Philadelphia. 8^, $1.50. German Psalter: Philadelphia, Jacob Meyer. 16"^, $1.00. 1813. New Testament : Chambersburg, Pa., John Shroyck. 12°, $6.00. Holy lJil)le : New York, Evert Duyckinck, John Tiebout, G. & K. Wait. 4^\ $5.00. Holy Bible : New York, Whiting & Watson. 4^^, $5.00. HolyHible: Phikdelphia, M. Carey. 4^, $2.50. German Bible: Somerset, Pa., Friedrich Goeb. 4°, $25.00. Holy Bible: Scott's Notes. 6 vols. New York, Whiting & Watson. 8°, $3.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, W. W. Woodward. 12*^, $1.50. Holy Bible : Boston. Printed for Thomas & Andrews, West & Richardson, and West & Blake. 12^, $2.00. Holy Bible : Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12°, $1.00. An Abridgment of the Holy Scriptures : Hartford, Hale & Hosmcr. I2^\ $3.00. The Holy Bible Abridged: Barn.ird, Vt., Joseph Dix. 24"=, $3.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Benjamin Johnson. 12^, $2.50. New Testament: Boston, Lincoln & Edmands. 8^, $1.50. New Testament : Boston. Printed for Thomas & Andrews, West & Richardson, and West & Blake. 12^, $2.00. New Testament : Albany, H. C. Southwick. 12'^, $1.50. New Testament : New York, Evert Duyckinck. I2-, $2.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Jonathan Pounder. 24°, 50c. Evangelical History: Boston, Bradford & Read. 12^, $3.00. New Testament: Philadelphia, B. & T. Kite. \2^, 50c. 1814. Hebrew Bible. 2 vols. Philadelphia, Thomas Dobson. American Hebrew Bible. %^, $5.00. First V 422 Appendix. A Compendium of the Bible : Kodolphus Dickinson. Greenfield, Mass., Horace Graves. la^, $i.oo. Holy Hihle: New York, Collins & Co. 4*^, $2.50. Holy Hihle: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $2.50. Holy Bible: Scott's Notes. 5 vols. New York, Dodge & Sayre. 4'-\ *300. Holy Bible: Scott's Notes. Philadelphia, VV. W. Woodward. 8*=, $2.50. Holy Bible: Phibdelphia, M. Carey. 12^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12*-', $I.OO. French rvstament : Philadelphia, J. Bouvier. 12'^, $3.00. Holy Bible: Boston. Printed for Thomas & Andrews, West & Kichardsim, and West & Blake. 12^^, $2.00. The History of the Holy Bible. 2 vols. New York, J. S<;ymour. 12-, $1.50. The History of the New Testament : New York, J. Seymour. 12°, $1.00. New Testament: New York, Collins & Co. 40, $1.00. New Testament: Boston, Cummings & Hilliard. 12*^, $1.00. New Testament : Newburyport, Mass., William B. Allen & Co. 12^\ $1.50. German Testament: Somerset, Pa., F. Gocb. 12°, $6.00. Greek Testament: Boston, Isaiah Thomas, Jr. 12^^, $3.00. Harmony in Greek of the Gospels : Newcome's Notes. Andover, Mass., Flagg & Gould. 8^, $1.25. The same in 4°, $1.75. 1815. German Psalter : Germantown, Pa., G. & D. Billmeyer. 16°, $1.00, German Psalter: Philadelphia, G. & D. Billmeyer.. 16", $1.25. Holy Bible: Phil.idelphia, M. Carey. 4^, $2.50. Holy Bible: Brookfield, Mass., E. Merriam & Co. 8^, $2.00. Holy Bible: New York, E. Duyckinck, Collins & Co. 8*3, $3.00. Holy Bible: Walpole, N. H., Anson Whipple. 8^, $4.00. Holy Bible: New York, D. & G. Bruce. 12°, First American Stereotyped Bible, $10.00. Holy Bible: Newburyport, William B. Allen & Co. 12°, $a.oo. Holy Bible: Boston, Monroe, Francis & Parker. 12°, $2.00. Appendix. 423 12°, Holy Hible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12^, $1.00. French Bible: New York, The New York nil)le Society. 12"^, 50c. Isaiah: Dishop Lowth. Boston, Joseph T. Buckingham. 8^, $1. so- New Testament. 2 vols. Boston, Samuel S. Armstrong. 8*^, $1.25. New Testament : New York, D. & G. Bruce. 8^, $2.50. New Testament : Thiladelphia, VV. W. Woodward. 18^, $1.00, German Testament : Thiladelphia, G. & I). Biilmeyer. 12*^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 12", 75c. A Synopsis of the Four Evangelists. By Charles Thomson. Philadelphia, William McCuUogh. 8-, $3.00. New Hieroglyphic Bible for Children : New York, S. Wood & Sons. 16", $3.00. Hebrew Bible (Incomplete) : New York, Whiting & Watson. S'^, 50c. New Testament: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12°, $1.00. New Testament: Lancaster, Pa. lO"^, $1.00. 1816. Holy Bible: New York, B. & J. Collins. 40, First Stereotyped Quarto, $5.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $3.00. German Psalter : Philadelphia. 24 , $1.50. Exposition of the Old and New Testaments. Matthew Henry. 6 vols. Philadelphia, Hogan & Towar. 8^, $7.50. Holy Bible: Scott's Notes. 6 vols. Boston, Samuel T. Armstrong. 8°, $3.00. Holy Bible : Albany, E. F. Bachus. 8^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Boston, Lincoln & Edniands. 12^^, 50c. Holy Bible: New York, The New York Bilile Society. 12°, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, Auxiliary New York Bible and Common Prayer Book Society. 12S $i-00. Holy Bible: New York, W. W. Mercein. 12'-% $1.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, W. W. Woodward. I2--, $1.00. 424 Appendix. I ! New Testoment : Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4°, $1.00. New Testament ; Stereotyped for the Hihlc Society at Phil- adelphia. 8"-, $1.00. New Testament: Hartford, Sheldon & Goodrich. 13^', $I.OO. New Testament: Philadelphia, M. Carey. la', 50c. Holy Hihle: Hudson, N. Y. 8^, $1.00. New Testament: Philadelphia, Thomas Desilver. l»^, $I.OO. New Testament : Windsor, Vt., Jesse Cochran. 12*^, $1.00. New Testament: New Ipswich, N. H., Simeon Ide. la"^, 75c. Compendium of the Bible: R. Dickinson. Deerfield, Mass. 12^, $1.00. New Testament : Trenton, Isaac Collins. 16*^, $j.oo. 1817. Holy Bible : Trenton, D. & E. Fenton, 4°, $4.00. Holy Bible : New York, Collins & Co. 4^^ , $3.00. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 8'-', 50c. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 12^, 50c. Holy Bible: New York, Collins & Co. 12^, 50c. Holy Bible: .\lbany, Websters & Skinners. 12^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 12'^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. I2^\ $1.00. Holy Bible : Boston, Lincoln & JCdmands. I2^\ $1.00. New Testiiment: Hudson, N. Y. 80, $1.50. New Testament : New York, Collins & Co. 16°, 50c. Compendium of the Bible : R. Dickinson. Greenfield, Mass. $1.00. Biblical Catechism: Greenfield, Mass., Denio & Phelps. 50c. Holy Bible: Brattleborough, j. Holbrook. ^^, $5.00, New Testament. 2 vols. Boston, S. T. Armstrong. New Testament : Georgetown, D. C, W. Duffy. 12- New Testament : Hartford, George Goodwin & Sons. New Testament: Hartford, Sheldon & Goodrich. 12*^, $1.00. 1818. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. ^^, $2.50. laS elps 12° 8°, $1 •25 $3.00. 12S $1 .00 Appendix, 4a$ rhii- o. I2S 12°, 1.25. .00. Holy Bible : D'Oylcy and Mant's Notes, a vols. New York, T. & J. Sw'ords. 4*^, $5.00. H< iy bible: Scott's Notes. 6 vols. Boston, S. T. Armstrong. 8°, Holy Hililc: rhilmtclpiiin, M. Carey & Son. 12^, $750. Holy Hible; Hoston, R. I'. & C. Williams. 12>-, 5CH;. Holy liible: Hrattlcborou^li, V't., J. ilolbrook. 12', $1.50. Holy Iiii)lc: Hartford, Hudson iS: Goodwin. la , $1.00. Holy Hible: Hartford, S. (1. Cloodricli. $120, l.oo. Hieroglyphical Hiblo: Hartford, Cooke iSc Hale. 12-, $2.50. The New and Complete Life of Christ: Dr. I'aul Wright. Win- chester, V'a., J. Foster. 8' , $}.oo. Catechism of the lliiile: New Haven, Flagg & Cray. 12", 50c. New Testament: Hartford, Oliver D. Cooke & .Sons. 24'-', 75c. New Testament: Hartford, San. .\. .Morrison & Co. 12^,750. Gospel of St. John in Mohawk. New York, American Bible Society. 18^, $j.oo. The Three Kpistles of St. John in the Delaware language. New York, American Bible Society. 12^', $2.00. New Testament: Pittsburg, Pa., Patterson & Lambden. 12°, $2.00. Gaston's Collection of Texts: Fredericktown, Md., George Kolb, 13^, $3.00. New Test.iment : Wilmington, Del., Robert Porter. 12", $1.50. Common i'rayer : New York, W. B. Gilley. 18^ $1.25. 1819. Germ.in Bible: Lancaster, Pa., Johann Biir. Fob, $12.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey & Son. 4^, $3.00. Holy Bible: New York, 1$. & J. Collins. 40, $2.50. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 8^^, 75c. Holy Bible: New York, .\merican Bible Society. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: Boston, Lincoln & Kdmands. 12^, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: Philadelphiti, W. W. Woodward. 12°, 75c 426 Appendix. i;:| •% Holy Bible: Lexington, Ky., Kentucky Auxiliary Bible Society. 12°, $2.00. Critical and Explanatory Notes. By Rev. E. J. Chapman, Can- andaigua, N. Y., James D. Bemis. 8*^, 50c. German Testament : New Berlin, Pa., Miller & Michel. 12°, $3.00. New Testament : Hartford, Samuel G. Goodrich. 12°, 50c. New Testament: Brattleborough, Vt. 12°, $1.00. New Testament: Utica, N. Y., William Williams. 12°, $1.50. Spanish Testament: New York, American Bible Society. 12°, $1.00. Hymns and Portion of St. John's Gospel in Seneca : Buffalo, H. A. Salisbury. \(P, $2.50. 1820. New Testament : Wakefield's Translation. Cambridge, Hilliard &' Metcalf. 8", $2.00. New Testament ; Leicester, Hori Brown. 12°, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 12*^, 50c. Holy Bible: Boston, Lincoln & Edmands. 12^, 50c. Holy Bible: Boston, West, Richardson & Lord. 12^, $1.00. French Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 12°, 50c. New Testament : Philadelphia, George W. Mentz. 12°, $1.00. New Testament: Utica, N. Y., William Williams. 18=, $2.00. Fleetwood's Life of Christ : New York. 4°, $2.00. Self-Interpreting Bible : New York, S. Walker. Fol., $5.00. ' 1821. Holy Bible : New York, Collins & Co. ip, $3.00. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. %^, 750. Holy Bible: New York, New York Auxiliary Bible & Common Prayer Book Society. 12°, 75c. Holy Bible: New York, D. & G. Bruce. \T^, 50c. Holy Bible: New York, B. & J. Collins. 12^, 50c. Holy Bible: Lunenburg, Mass. 12°, $1.00. Lessons for Schools : Philadelphia, Kimber & Sharplcss. 16°, 50c. New Testament : Hartford, George Goodwin & Sons. 12°, 75c. New Testament : Utica, N. Y., William Williams. 12"^, 75c. New Testament : Hartford, S.imuel G. Goodrich. 18°, 50c. |V Appendix, 427 New Testament: Providence, R. I., Miller & Hutchens. 12^, $1,00. New Testament: New York, James A. Burtis. 12°, 75c. Lieberkuhn's History of Christ : Translated into the Delaware lan- guage by Rev. David Zeisbergcr. New York, Daniel Fanshaw. 12*^, $4.00. Greek and Latin Testament : New York, George Long. Small 12^', $1.25. German Testament : Lancaster, Pa., Johann Bar. 12°, $2.50. 1822. Holy Bible: New York, T. Kinnersley. Fol., $5.00. Holy Bible: New York, Daniel I). Smith. 4^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, N. Y., H. & K. I'hinney. 4", $2.50. Holy Bible: Self- Interpreting. Boston, S. Walker. Fol., $5.00. Holy Bible: Albany, E. & E. Hosford. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12*^, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford. 18^, $1.00. New Testament: Philadelphia, II. C. Carey & I. Lea. 4°, $1.00. ' New Testament : New York, American Bible Society. 12^, 50c. The Pronouncing Testament. By Israel Alger, Jr. Boston, Lincoln & Edmands. 12", $1.00. New Testament : Boston, Treadwell's Power Press. 12'-, soc. New Testament: Utica, N. Y., William Will. .ms. 12^, 50c. Greek and English Testament. 2 vols. Abner Kneeland, Philadel- phia. 8^, $2.00. Greek Testament: Aimer Kneeland, Philadelphia. 12*^, $z.oo. Spanish Testament : New York, American Bible Society. 12", 50c. German Testament : Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 12*^, $1.00. The Columbian Family and Pulpit Bible: Boston, Joseph Teal. Fol., $5.00. 1823. Holy Bible : New York, T. & J. Swords. 40,13.00. Holy Bible: Piiiladelphia, H. C. Carey & I. Lea. 4^^, $2.50. New Testament : Boston, R. Bannister. 12^, $1.00. Greek Testament: Boston, Al)ner Kneeland. 8^, $2.00. Greek Testament : Philadelphia, W. Fry. 12^', 75c. 428 Appendix. Greek and English Testament: Philadelphia, A. Small. 12°, 75c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Kimber & Sharpless. 4*^, $2.00. New Testament: New York, Johnstone & Van Norden. 12'^, 50c. New Testament : Boston, Cummings, Hilliard & Co. 12°, 50c. New Teiitament: Concord, N. H., Luther Roby. 12°, 50c. Pronouncing Testament : Boston, Lincoln & Edmands. 120,75c. 1824. French Testament: Boston, J. H. A. Frost. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible : Boston, C. Ewer cS: T. Bedlington. 4^, $3.00. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, N. V., H. & E. Phinney. 4°, $3.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8*^, $3.00. Spanish Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8^, 75c. Holy Bible: Albany, ^Vebsters & Skinners. 12'-", 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Silas Andrus. 12°, soc. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, H. C. Carey & L Lea. 12°, 50c. Errata of the Protestant Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8 % $1.50. New Testament : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8°, $1.00. New Testament: Bridgeport, Conn., Joseph B. Baldwin. 12*^, $1.00. Revised Testament: Boston, Cummings, Hilliard & Co. 12°, 50c. Greek and Latin Testament: New York, Collins & Hannay. 12°, $1.00. New Testament : Albany. 1 2*^, $1.50. New Testament, by Way of Question and Answer: New York, James Cunningham. 12"^, 50c. 1825. Holy Bible : New York, D. D. Smith. 8°, $3.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 4°, $5.00. Holy Bible : I'hiladelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. Fob, $10.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, H. C. Carey & L Lea. 4^. The Pronouncing Bible: Boston, Lincoln & Edmands. 8°, $2.00. Holy Bible; Lunenburg, Mass., Edmund Cushing. 12°, $1.00. The Old and New Testaments : Philadelphia, Thomas VVardle. I2-, $1.00. h 1 li Appendix. 429 'Sc. oc. c. Job : Boston, J. H. A. Frost. 8°, 50c. New Testament: New York, D. D. Smith, 4^, $2.50. New Testament: Albany, S. Shaw. 12°, $1.00. Greek Testament : Hartford, Oliver D. Cooke. 12°, 50c, The Four Gospels in Greek: Boston, Cummings, Hilliard & Co. 8°, $1.00. New Testament : Woodstock, Vt., David Watson. 12°, $1.00. 3. 1826. The Collateral Bible : Philadelphia, Samuel F. Bradford. 4°, $3.00. Self-Interpreting Bible: New York, T. Kinnersley. Fol., $5.00. Holy Bible. 2 vols. Boston, L. Walker. 4^, $3.00. The Pronouncing Bible: Boston, Lincoln & Edmands. 8°, $1.50. Holy Bible: Boston, Treadwell's Power Press. 8°, $1.50. The Reference Bible. 2 vols. Boston, Cummings, Hilliard & Co. 12C, $1.50. The Reference Testament. 2 vols. Boston, Cummings, Hilliard & Co. 12*^, $1.50. Holy Bible: Lunenburg, Mass., Edmund Cushing. 12° Holy Bible: Lunenburg, Mass., W. Greenough & Son. Holy Bible: Hartford, Silas Andrus. 12^^', 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12°, 50c. New Testament: Windsor, Vt., Simeon Ide. 12^, 50c. French Testament : New York, American Bible Society. 12"^, 50c. New Testament: New York, Samuel Marks. 12"^, $1.00. New Testament: Elizabethtown, N. J., Mervin Hale. \2°, $2.00. German Psalter: Lancaster, Pa. 12^, $1.50. German Testament : Carlisle, Pa. 16°, $1.50. , 50c. 12*^, 50c. 1827. St. Luke's Gospel in Mohawk : New York, A. Hoyt. 16°, $2.00. German Bible : Philadelphia, Kimber & Sharpless. 4^, $3.00. New Testament : Elizabethtown, N. J., Mervin Hale. 12°, $2.00. Self-Interpreting Bible: New York. Fob, $5.00. Holy Bible: Boston, C. Ewer & T. Bedlington. 4-, $2.00. Holy Bible: Utica, N. Y., William Williams. 4>-\ $2.00. 430 Appendix. Holy Bible. 6 vols. Scott's Notes. Boston, Samuel T. Arm- strong. 8°, $5.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8^^, $3.00. Holy Bible: New York, D. D. Smith. 8^, $2.50. Holy Bible: New York, D. D. Smith. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: New York, A. Paul. 12^, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, White, Gallaher & White. 24^^, 50c. Holy Bible: Brattleborough, Vt., Holbrook & Fessenden. 12*^, $1.00. Job : An Amended Version. Cambridge, Hilliard & Brown. 8^, 50c. New Testament: Boston, F. Ingraham & J. Putnam. 8°, $1.00. New Testament : Paragraphed by James Nourse. New York, G. & C. Carvill. 12°, $1.00. New Testament : Boston, Hilliard, Gray, Little & Wilkins. 12^, 50c. New Testament : Wilbur's References. Boston, Hilliard, Gray, Little & Wilkins. I2^\ 50c. New Testament: New York, E. Bliss. 12°, 50c. Greek Testament: Hartford, Oliver D. Cooke & Sons. 12°, 50c. New Testament: Exeter, N. H., J. & B. Williams. 12", $1.00. New Testament: Lowell, Mass., Thomas Billings. 24^, $1.00. Apocalypse of St. John : A New Interpretation by George Croly. New York. 12°, $1.00. German Testament: Carlisle, Pa., Moser & Peters. \(P, $1.50. Portions of the Bible in Choctaw : Cincinnati, Lodge & Fisher. 16'-, $2.00. 1828. -■ ■ ■ German Psalter: Germantown, Pa., M. Billmeyer. 16°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Boston, C. Ewer & T. Bedlingtun. 4'^, $1.50. Holy Bible: Lunenburg, Mass., Edmund Cushing. 4^^, $1.50. Holy Bible: New York, Henry C. Sleight. 4", $1.50. Holy Bible: Brattleborough, Vt., Holbrook & Fessenden. 4^, $1.50. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, N. Y., H. & E. Phinney. ip, $1.50. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, McCarty & Davis. 4^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8^, $3.00. Appendix. 431 rm- 2^, I. & 12^^ 12°, Holy Bible : Philadelphia, American Sunday-school Union. 50c. Holy Bible: Brattleborough, Vt., Holbrook & Fessenden. 50c. Holy Bible: New York, Methodist Book Concern. 120, 50c. An Exposition of the New Testament. By Rev. Timothy Kenrick. New York. 8^, $1.00. German Testament : Philadelphia, George W. Mentz. 12^, 75c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12'^, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Skinner. 12*^, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Silas Andrus. 12°, 50c New Testament : Edited by J. G. Palfrey. Boston, William L. Lewis. 8°, $1.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Towar & Hogan. 8°, 7Sc. New Testament: Amherst, Mass., J. S. & C. Adams. 12^^, New Testament : Windsor, Vt., Simeon Idc. 12^"", 50c. New Testament : New York, Henry C. Sleight. 12", 50c. Pronouncing Testament: Boston, Lincoln & Edmands. 12*^, The Sacred Writings : Bethany, Va. , Alexander Campbell. $2.00. New Testament: Philadelphia, Bible Society. 12°, $1.00. Epistle to the Hebrews : Prof. Stuart. Andover, Mass. 8^, 50c. New Testament: Albany, J. Goodrich. 12°, 75c. 50c. 50c. 12^ 1829. ■ St. Matthew in Cherokee : New Echota, Cherokee Mission Press. 24°, $1.75- Part of St. Matthew in Chippewa: Toronto, Christian Advocate Office. 8^, $1.25. Greek Testament: Hartford, Oliver D. Cooke. I2°, 50c. Self-Interpreting Bible: New York, T. Kinnersley. Fol., $5.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, Silas Andrus. Claimed to be the firsi folio Bilile stereotyped in the United States. $6.00. Holy Bible: Lunenburg, Mass., Edmund Gushing. 4°, $1.50. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, N. Y., H. & E. Phinney. 4°, $1.50. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Kimber & Sharpless. 40,11.50. 432 Appendix. Henry's Commentary. 3 vols. Philadelphia, Towar & Hogan. 8^, $5.00. Holy Bible : New York, Auxiliary New York Bible and Common Prayer Book Society. 8^, 75c. Holy Bible: New York, H. C. Sleight. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Goodwin. 12^^, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Hudson & Skinner. la'^, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Silas Andrus. 12^, 50c. Spanish Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8°, 50c. New Testament : Pararraphed by James Nourse. Philadelphia, Sunday-school Union. 8^, 75c. New Testament : Utica, William ^Viiliams. 75c. New Testament : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 12°, Soc. New Testament: Elizabethtown, N. J., J. Sanderson. iS'^, 75c. New Testament : Philadelphia, Daniel Neall. 12'^, 50c. New ."estament: Concord, N. H., Horatio Hill & Co. 18°, 50c. The Monotessaron : Baltimore. 8*^, 50c. Annotations on the New Testament. By J. P. Dabney. Cam- bridge, Hilliard & Brown. 12°, 50c. St. Mark in Mohawk : New York, McElrath & Bangs. 12°, $1.50. St. Luke in Seneca: New York, American Bible Society. i8^\ $2.00. Sermon on the Mount in Seneca : New York, American Bible Soci- ety. 18^, $2.00. Part of the New Testament in Chippewa: York, N. C, GazctU Office. 8^, $2.50. 1830. German Testament : Harrisburg, Pa. 12°, $1.50. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, N. Y., H. & E. Phinney. 40, $1.50. Holy Bible: New York, D. D. Smith. 4^, $1.50. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, N. Y., H. & E. Phinney. /f, $1.50. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Towar & Hogan. 8-, $1.00, Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Towar, J. & D. M. Hogan. 8-, $1.00. Spanish Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8°, 50c. German Bible: Philadelphia, George \V. Mentz & Cohn. I2<^, $1.50- rtTiFntrmriiiBw; Appendix. 433 [in. on la. 11- 3. Holy Bible: Claremont, N. H., Claremont Manufacturing Com- pany's Power Press. I2°, 75c. German Testament: Philadelphia, George W. Mentz. 12°, $1.00. New Testament : Boston, Gray & Bo wen. 12^, 50c. The Sacred Writings: Bethany, Va., A. Campbell. 12°, $2.00. A Manual : The Apostolic Epistles. Judge Benson, New York. 12°, $2.00. St. John in Greek and English: New York, G. F. Bunce. 12, 50c. 1831. Latin and Spanish Bible. 26 vols. Mexico, Mariano Galvan. 4^\ $15.00. Greek Testament: Philadelphia, Towar & Hogan. 12°, 50c. Greek and Latin Testament: New York, Collins & Hanney. 12°, $1.00. St. Matthew in Chippewa: York, Canada, Colonial Advocate Office. 8°, $2.00. Part of Genesis in Choctaw : Utica, W. NVilliams. 24°, $1.00. Gospels of St. Luke, St. John, and part of St. Mark in Choctaw : Utica, W. Williams. 16°, $1.50. French Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, McCarty & Davis. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible : Boston, Langdon Coffin. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible: Lunenbuig, Mass., Edmund Cushing. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible : Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8°, $3.00 Psalms : A New Version. By G. R. Noyes. Bostcn. 12°, 75c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, The Bible Association of Friends in America. 8°, $1.00. Holy Bible : Scott's Notes. 6 vols. Boston. 8°, $3.50. Holy Bible. 2 vols. Boston, Gray & Bowen. 8°, $1.50. Holy Bible : Stereotyped by T. Rutt, London. New York, Amer- ican Bible Society. 8°, $1.00. The English Version of the Polyglot Bible : Philadelphia, Key & Meilke. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: Pittsburg, H. Holdship & Son. 12°, 50c. 434 Appendix. >■ I Holy Bible: Boston, Waitt & Dow. \t^, 50c. Holy Bible: Boston, George Clark. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible: Concord, N. H., Moses G. Atwood. 12", 50c. New Testament : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8°, 50c. New Testament : Boston, Stimpson & Clapp. 8^, 50c. New Testament: Baltimore, P'ielding Lucas, Jr. 12°, $1.00. St. Matthew in Mohawk: New York, McElrath & Bangs. 12°, $1.50. The Family Expositor: Dr. Doddridge. New York. 8°, $1.25. New Testament : Hartford, Silas Andrus. 120,50c. New Testament: Pittsburg, Pa., Luke Loomis & Co. 12'', 50c. New Testament: New York, Ludwig & Tolefree. 12°, 50c. Pocket Reference Testament : Baltimore, Armstrong & Plaskitt. 240, 50c. New Testament : Baltimore, F. Lucas, Jr. 32°, 50c. New Testament: Exeter, N. IL, James Derby. 12°, 50c. Critical and Explanatory Notes : Ezekiel I. Chapman. Utica. 12°, 50c. 1832. Sacred Writings: Bethany, Va., A. Campbell. 12°, $2.00. Holy Bible : Baltimore, B'ielding Lucas, Jr. 40, $3.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, McCarty cS: Davis. 40, $2.00. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible: Boston, Hale's Steam Press. 8°, 750. Holy Bible: Boston, J. A. Ballard. %°, 7Sc. Holy Bible : Scott's Notes. 3 vols. New York, Collins & Hannay. 8°, $2.25. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8°, $3.00. Holy Bible: New York, D. D. Smith. 8°, $1.50. Spanish Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8°, 50c. Holy Bible: Middletown, Conn., \Villiam H. Niles. 12°, 50c. Pocket Reference Bible: Baltimore, Armstrong & Plaskitt. 24°, 50c. New Testament: Baltimore, F. Lucas. 12°, $1.50. A Harmony of the Kings and Prophets : Kittery, Maine, Stephen Merrell. 8°, $2.00. Appendix. 435 New Testament: Elizabethtown, N. J., B. F. Brookfiekl. 32^, 50c. St. Matthew and the Acts in Cherokee: New Echota. 24*-', $1.50. Holy Bible: New York, N. & J. White. Fol., $3.50. A Practical Exposition of the Gospel of St. Luke : New York, Protestant Episcopal Press. 8°, 75c. Polymicrian Testament: New York, Jonathan Leavitt. 32'^, $1.00. French Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 12*^, soc. tt. New Testament: Philadelphia and Tuscumbia, Ala. 8°, $2.50. The Acts in Cherokee: New Echota. 24^^, $1.00. Genesis in Chippewa: York, Canada. 8°, $1.25. Key tp Revelation : Elkan Smith, New York. 8^, 50c. Self-Interpreting Bible: New York, T. Kinnersley. Fob, $5.00. Holy Bible : Saratoga Springs, G. M. Davison. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible : New York, N. & J. White. 40, $3.00. Holy Bible: Brattleborough, Vt., Peck & Wood. 40, $2.00. Holy Bible: New York, John Doyle. 8c, $1.00. The Cottage Bible. 2 vols. New York, Conner & Cooke. 8°, $1.50. Holy Bible : With Amendments of the Language. By Noah Web- ster, LL.D. New Haven, Durrie & Peck. 8°, $2.25. Holy Bible: New York, Conner & Cooke. 12°, 50c. German Bible: Philadelphia, George W. Mentz & Cohn. 12°, 50c. A New and Corrected Version of the New Testament. By Ro- dolphus Dickinson. Boston, Lilly, W^ait, Colman & Holden. 8'^, $2.50. New Testament : New York, John C. Riker. 32'^. Sterling cur- rency reduced to dollars and cents. 12^, $i.oo. New Testament in Chippewa : Albany, Packard & Van Benthuysen. 12°, $2.25. St. Luke in Mohawk: New York, McElrath, Bangs & Herbert. 12C, $1.25. Greek Testament : Philadelphia, Towar, Hogan & Thompson. I2°, 50c. Holy Bible: Cincinnati. 4^, $3.00. 436 Appendix. Commentary on the Holy Hihle. By Rev. Dr. Adam Clarke. 6 vols, riulndclphia. Royal 8^, $8.oo. It t 1834. Child's Hihle: Philadelphia, Fisher & Bro. lip, $2.00. Kpitome of Sac ed History: New York. l6^, 75c. Holy Bihic: New York, D. D. Smith. 8^, $2.00. Polyglott Bilile: Brattlel)orough, Yt. 8*^, 75c. First Corinthians in Mohawk : New York, Mctlrath & Bangs. 16^, $1.00. Acts in Mohawk: New York, McElrath & Bangs. 12", $1.00. Newcome's Harmony of the Gospels in Cireek: Andover, Mass., Gould & Newman. 8^, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bil)le: New York, N. & J. White. 4", $2.00. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney. 4'^, $2.00. Holy Bible: New York, C. Alexander & Co. 4^', $1.25. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 8^, 50c. Holy Bible : Paragraphed by James Nourse. Boston, Perkins, Mar- vin & Co. I2^\ 50c. Holy Bible: Arranged in I'aragraphs and Parallelisms by T. \V, Coit, n.I). Cambridge, Manson & Grant. 12^, $1.25. The Right-Aim School Bible : Boston, Rufus Davenport. 12°, $1.50. The Right-Aim Testament: Boston, Rufus Davenport. 12^^, $1.00. German Bible: Philadelphia, George \V. Mentz & Cohn. 12'-', 50c. Isaiah. By Bishop Lowth. Boston, William Hilliard. 8°, 75c. The Child's Bible: Philadelphia, Henry F. Anners. 142°, $1.00. New Testament : Arranged in Paragraphs and Parallelisms by T. AY. Coit, D.D. Cambridge, Manson & Grant. I2^\ $1.00. New Testament: After the Rheims edition of 1582. Address to Protestants. New York, Jonathan I.eavitt. 12^, $150. The General History of the Christian Church. By Pastorini. New York, John Doyle. 12°, $1.00. An K.xposition of the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark. By Rev. Richard Watson. New York. 8^, 75c. Scott's Bible: New York, N. & J. White. 5 vols. 4°, $3.50. Appcmiix. 437 6 1835- ■Spanish Bible. 17 vols. Mexico, Mariano flalvnn. 16°, $10.00. Spanish Bible. 10 vols. Mexico, C. C. .Sebriiig. 4^', $12.00. ' Miniature of the Holy Bible: .Sanbornton, N. II. $2.50. Commentary on the Kpistles. By Dr. Macknight. I'liilailelpliia. 8^, $1.00. Greek and Latin Testament: New York, B. & G. Collins. 12^, 50c. Ephesians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & B.ites. 12^^, $1.00. Holy Bilile : Greek and English. New York, Charles Starr. 4*", $2.00. The Devotional Family Bil)le. By Rev. Alexander Kletcher, D. D. London and New York, Yirtuc, Enimins & Co. 4^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, Andrus & Judd. 4", $2.00. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, 11. & E. Phinney. 4*-', $2.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8^, $3.00. Holy Bible: New York, Robins(m, Pr.itt & Co. 8«, 50c. Holy Bible: Elizabethtown, N. J., Edward Sanderson. 8°, 75c. Holy Bible : Boston, George Gaylord. 8*^, 75c. Holy Bible : Paragraphed by James Nourse. Boston, Perkins, Mar- vin & Co. 12*5, 50c. German Bible: New York, American Bible Society. I2^\ 50c. Genesis in Chippewa: Toronto, Christian Guardian Office. 12^, $1.00. New Testament in Modern Greek : New York, American Bible So- ciety. 12'^, 50c. Luther's German Version of the Gospel of St. John : Cambridge, James Munroe & Co. 12^, 50c. Acts in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. \2^, $1.00. Galatians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12^, $1.00. Epistle to the Romans : Translated by M. Stuart. Andover. 8~^, $1-50. ' ■ 1836. "; German Bible : Philadelphia. Small 4*', $1.50. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney. 4^, $2.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8-, $3.00. 438 Appendix. Alex- 16^, . 50c- Holy Hil)le: \ew York, Jolin Doyle. 8^-, 50c. ('Iirist()l()t;y of the Old Testainvnt. Hy Dr. ilcngslcnberg. andria, D. C. 8^, $3.00. I'olyglott Ilihlc: Concord, N. II., Roby, KimhalKS: Mcrrcll, $1.00. I'olytjlott IJible: Woodstock, Vt., J. H. & S. L. Chase & Co, $1.00. Pronouncing Tcstuinent : Uoston, Crocker & Brewster. 12^^ New Testament : I'ara^jriiphed by James Nourse. 12', 50c. Evantjclical History: Boston, Joseph Dowe. 12^, 50c. New Testament in Moilern Greek : New York, American Bible So- ciety. 12^, 50c. New Testament. 4 vols. In raised letters for the blind. Boston, American and Massachusetts Bible Societies. 4^, $5.00. I'irst Corinthians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 13°, $1.00. St. Matthew in .Shawanoe : Shawanoe Baptist Mission Press. 16^, $1.00. Philippiau". in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12^-', $1.00. Philippiiins : Dr. Eastburn. New York. 12,50c. Colossians in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12'-", $1.00. Thessalonians in Moh.iwk : New York, Howe & Bates. 12'-, $1.00. St. Timothy in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12*^, $1.00. St. Titus in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12'-", $1.00. St. Philemon in Mohawk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12'-, $1.00. Hebrews in Moh.iwk: New York, Howe & Bates. 12", $1.00. St. Matthew in Moh.iwk: New York, Howe & B.ites. 12^, $1.00. St. John in Mohawk : New York, Young Men's Bible Society. 12°, $1.00. St. James, First and Second Epistles of St. Peter, and First Epistle of St. John, in Mohawk. I2~-, .$1.00. Second Epistle of St. John in Mohawk. 16^, $1.00. Revelation of St. John in Mohawk. 16'^, $1.00. Third Epistle of St. John in Mohawk, id'^, $1.00. St. Jude in Mohawk. 16^, .$1.00. Greek and Latin Testament : New York, Collins, Keese & Co. 12°, 50c. I\ Appendix, 439 \ Holy liihie: Ilurtrord. 4 \ $2.50. Coiumcntary on the Gospel of St. John : Huston. 16^, 50c. St. Luke in Chippewa: Hoston, Crocker & Urcwiici. 12*-% $1.25. Cireek Tcstnincnt : Huston, IVrkins iV Marvin. 8^, $1.00. Holy Hihle: New York, C. Mason iV (.. Lane. 4^^, $2.00. Holy Hil)le: New York, Nafis & C!ornish. 4", $2.00. Holy Hilile: Cooperstown, H. & K. I'hinney. 4"^, $2.00. Holy Hil)le: Swedcnhort^iun. Hoston, Otis Clapp. 12'-, $3.00. Holy Hihic: Haltiinorc, FicMiny; Lucas, Jr. 12^, $2.00. Pocket Kefercnie Hible: Haltimore, Armstrong iv Hcrry. 24^, 50c. Holy Hible: Hartford, Judd, Loomis & Co. 24^', $1.00. Holy Hible. 2 vols. Stebliing's Diamond Kdition. London and New York. 32'', $1.00. A New Translation of the Hebrew Prophets. Hy George R. Noycs. 3 vols. Hoston, James Monroe & Co. 12 , $2.00. Life of our Lord in the very Words of Scripture : Shawanoe Mission Press, 12", $4.00. New Testament : New York, N. & J. White. 4°, $1.25. Kxjjlanatory Notes upon the New Testament. Hy John Wesley. New York, T. Mason & G. Lane. 8-, $1.00. New Testament : New York, American Hible .Society. 8°, 50c. Greek Testament. 2 vols. Edited by Ur. Hloomfield. Hoston, Perkins & Marvin ; New York, Gould & Newman ; Philadelphia, Henry Perkins. 8«, $1.75. New Testament. By Rev. George Townsend. Revised by Rev. T. W. Coit, D.D. 8c, $1.50. New Testament: Reprint of the Tyndale Edition of 1526. Edited byj. P. Dabney. 12^, $1.25. The Four Gospels : Translation of Rev. George CampbeU. Andover, Gould & Newman. 8^, $1.00. Key to Revelation. Hy Elkan Smith. Boston, Whipple & Damrell. i2'-\ 50c. Indian Prayer Book in the Language of the Six Nations. By Rev. Solomon Davis. New York, Swords, Stanford & Co. 12°, $3.50. 440 Appendix. 1838. Holy Bible: Hartford, Andrus, Judd & Franklin. Fol., $4.00. Holy Bible. 2 vols. Baltimore, Lewis & Coleman. 4°, $3.00. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible: Cincinnati, U. P. James. 4°, $3.00. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8°, 50c. The Old Testament : Rev. George Townsend's Notes. Revised by Rev. T. W. Coit, D.D. Boston, Perkins & Marvin; Philadelphia, Henry Perkins. 8°, $1.00. Holy Bible : New York, American and Foreign Bible Society. 8°, 50c. Job. By George R. Noyes. Boston, James Monroe. 12^^, 75c. Greek and Latin Testament: New York, Collins, Keese & Co., and Dean. 12°, 50c. New Testament : Baptist Translation. New York, American and Foreign Bible Society. 12^, 50c. St John in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24°, $1.00. Psalms : Notes by G. Bush. New York. 8°, 75c. Forty-six Select Scripture Narratives from the Old Testament in the Delaware Indian : New York, D. Fanshaw. 12^, $4.00. Acts in Ojibwa: Boston, Crocker & Brewster. 12", $1.25. St. John in Ojibwa: Boston, Crocker & Brewster. 12^, $1.25. Greek Testament : Philadelphia, Haswell, Barrington & Haswell. \i~, 50c. 1839. St. Matthew in Ojibwa: Boston, Crocker & Brewster. 12°, $1.00. Lsaiah in Mohawk : New York, American Bible Society. iS'^, $1.25. Genesis, Daniel, etc., in Dakota. 24°, $1.00. Genesis in Dakota: Cincinnati, Kendall & Barnard. 16^, $1.00. Parts of St. Matthew, St. Luke, etc., in Dakota: Cincinnati, Ken- dall & Barnard. 24c, $1.25. St. John in Dakota: Cincinnati, Kendall & Barnard. 24*^, $1.00. St. Mark, etc., in Dakota: Cincinnati, Kendall & Barnard. 24°, $1.00. Acts in Cherokee: Boston, Crocker & Brewster. I2^\ $1.00. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, H. & K. Phinney. 4"^, $2.00. Appendix. 441 by a, id id le Sacred Writings : Pittsburg, Alex. Campbell. 8°, $2.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Jesper Harding. 4°, $3.00. Holy Bible : Concord, N. H., Roby, Kimball & Merrell. 4^^, $2.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cuhimiskey. 8*^, $3.00. Holy Bible : New York, American and Foreign Bible Society. 8°, 50c. The Old Testament : Notes by Rev. George Townsend, revised by T. W. Coit, D.D. 8°, $1.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Robert P. Desilver. 1 2'^, 7Sc. New Testament: Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney. 4°, $1.25. German Testament : Philadelphia, Kimber & Sharpless. 12'^, $1.25. New Testament : With Amendments of the Language. Dr. Web- ster. New Haven, S. Babcock. 12°, $1.00. The Family Expositor: Dr. Doddridge. Amherst, Mass., Charles McFarland. 8°, $1.00. Portuguese Testament : New York, American Bible Society. 8°, 75C- Polymicrian Testament : Philadelphia, H. Perkins ; Boston, Perkins & Marvin. 32°, $1.00. The Comprehensive Bible : New York, Robinson & Franklin. 4°, $2.00. French Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 1 2*^, 50c. The History of Joseph in Dakota: Cincinnati, Kendall & Henry. 160, $1.50. 1840. St. Matthew and St. Mark in German: Lebanon, Pa. 12°, $3.00. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney. 40, $2.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8°, $2.00. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 8^, 50c. Polyglott Family Bible: Keene, N. H., J. & J. W. Prentiss. 12°, $1.00. An Abstract of the History of the Old and New Testaments : New York, John McSweeny. 12'=, 75c. New Testament : Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 12°, 50c. Polyglott Family Testament: Keene, N. H., J. & J. W. Prentiss. 12-, 50c. 442 Appendix. \ New Testament : With Amendments of the Language. Dr. Web- ster. New Haven, S. Babcock. 12^, $1.00. Polyglott Bible : Boston, Charles Gaylord & William O. Blake. 4^-, $1.50. Isaiah : Notes by Rev. Albert Barnes. 3 vols. Boston. 12°, $l. 50. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Kimber & Sharpless. 4^, $2.00. Book of Psalms Translated into Verse. By George Burgess. New York. 12^, $1.00. Greek and Latin Testament: New York, W. E. Dean. 12°, 50c. Polymicrian Testament : Philadelphia, H. Perkins. 32*^, 50c. St. John's Epistles in Cherokee: Park Hill Mission Press. 24*^, $1.00. St. Matthew in Cherokee : Park Hill Mission Press. St. Matthew and St. Mark in German : Lebanon, Pa. 24*^, $1.00. 12S $i.5o- 1841. St. John in Chahta: Park Hill. 24'^, $1.00. St. John in Cherokee: Park Hill. $1.00. New Testament in Ottawa: Shawanoe Mission Press. 16°, $2.00. Polymicrian Testament : Philadelphia, H. Perkins. 32°, 50c. Holy Bible : In embossed letters for the blind. 8 vols. New York. 4^\ $7.00. Exposition of the Pentateuch. By Rev. Henry Blunt. Philadel- phia, Hooker & Agnew. 12°, 500. Holy Bible: Boston, Monroe & Frtmcis. 8\ $1.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Thomas, Cowperthwaite & Co. 8^^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney. 8", $1.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Eugene Cumml. 'cey. • 8'^, 50c. Holy Bible : With Amendments of the Language. Dr. Webster. New Haven, N. Webster. 32^, $1.50. German Testament : Philadelphia, George W. Mentz & Cohn. 12*^, 50c. Polyglott Bible : Philadelphia, Thomas, Cowperthwaite & Co. 12°, 50c. Exodus : Notes by George Bush. 2 vols. Boston. 12°, $1.00. The Cottage Bible: Hartford, Conn., Tiffany & Burnham. 2 vols. 8*-, $1.00. \\ r Appendix. 443 1842. St. Matthew in Shawanoe: Baptist Mission Press. $1.25. Acts in Cherokee: I'ark Hill. 24'-', $1.25. CJenesis and Part of I'salms in Dakota : Cincinnati, Kendall & Bar- nard. 16*-', $2.00. St. Matthew in Choctaw : Uoston, Crocker & Brewster. I2^\ $1.50. The Second Dakota Reading Book : Stories from the Old Testament in Santee. Boston, Crocker & Brewster. 16"-', $3.00. St. John in Dakota: Cincinnati. I2^\ $1.00. Dew Drops: A .Selection of Texts. New York, American Tract Society. 132^, $3.00. Holy Bil)le: Hartford, Silas Andrus. Fol., $3.00. Holy Bilde: Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott. 8^', 50c. Isaiah : A Comment on the 23d Chapter. Springfiehl.Wood & Rui)p. 8^, 50c. New Testament : Phil.idelphia, Kimber & Sharpless. 4^, 50c. New Testament : New York, D. & J. Sadller. 12^, $1.00, Creek Testament: New York, Leavitt & Trow. 12 ", 50c. Creek Testament: Boston, Crocker & Brewster. 12*^, 50c. Creek Testament: New ^'(>rk, Leavitt & .Mien. 12'\ 50c. New Testament : Pliil.idclphia, Kimher i!v: Sharpless. 4 , 50c. Prayer Book in Mohawk. By Rev. A. Nelles. Hamilton, Rutli- ven's Bock & Job Oflice. 8", $3.00. 1843. St. Luke and St. John in Dakota: Cincinnati, Kendall & Barnard. 12", $1.00. St. John's Lpistles in Cherokee: P.irk Hill Mission Press. 24*^, $1.00. St. James in Choctaw: Park Hill. 24", $1.00. Epistles of St. Paul, the Acts, and Revelation in Dakota: Cincin- nati, Kendall & Barnard. 12^, $1.00. .St. Luke and St. John in D.ikota: Cincinnati, Kendall & Barnard. 12S $1.00. Creek Test.iment : Philadelphia, Perkins & Purves. 8 -, 50c. Holy Bible: Hartford, Silas Andrus. Fol., $3.00. 444 Appendix. Holy Bible: Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney. 4", $2.00. Pictorial Bible : New York, J. S. Kedfieltl. 8^, $3.00. 1844. St. Mark in Abnaki: Montreal. I2^\ $2.00. St. John in Ottawa: Shawanoe. l6^\ $1.00. Romans : Notes by Dr. Chalmers. New York, Robert Carter. 8°, $1.00. New Testament in Ojibwa. lO*-", $2.50. Part of Revelation in Choctaw: Park Mill. 24^, $1.00. St. M.atthew in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24^, $1.00. St. Timothy in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24'^, $1.00. Holy Bible: I'hiladelphia, Isaac M. Moss. 4^^, $12.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co. \^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, The Bible Association of Friends in America. 8^\ 50c. Holy Bible: New \ ,rk, Edward Dunig.an. 8^\ $2.00. Holy Bible. 3 vols. New York, ^V. E. Dean. 8^\ $1.50. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, R. S. H. George. 8^\ 50c. Holy Bible: H.artford, S. Andrus & Son. 8^, 75c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Lindsay & Blakiston. 12^, 50c. Errata of the Protestant Bible : New York, D. & J. Sadlier. 8°, $1.00. New Testament : New York, American and Foreign Bible Society. 8-\ 50c. Joshua and Judges : Notes by George Bush. Boston. 120,50c. St. Matthew and the Acts in Pottawotomi: Louisville, Ky., W. C. Buck. 12^, $13.00. Polymicrian Testament : Philadelphia, Perkins & Purves. 32*^, 50c. Greek Testament: New York, \V. E. Dean. i2'-\ 50c. German P>ii)le: New York, American Bible Society. 12'^, 50c. Commentary on the New Testament. 4 vols. Philadelphia, Carey & Hart. 4^, $2.50. Expository Notes on the New Testament. By William Burkett. 2 vols. 8^, $2.25. Acts: Notes by A. A. Livermore. Boston. 12^, 50c. Appcmii. 445 1845. St. ^[atthew in Choctaw : Hoston, Crocker & Hrewstcr. S*-', $2.00. St. John ni Choctaw: IJoston, Crocker & Ikewstcr. 12^, $1.25. St. Luke in Choctaw: iJostun, Crocker & Brewster. 12^, $1.25. St. Mark in Choctaw: Hoston, Crocker & Brewster. 12", $1.25. Creek Testament : New York, Leavitt & Trow. 8^, 50c. Creek Testament : New V'ork, J. C. Riker. 4^^, 75c. Harmony of the Gospels in Greek: Boston, Crocker & Brewster. 8-\ 50c. Holy Rihle: New York, D. & J. S.idlier. 40, $2.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, S. Andrus & Son. Fol., $2.50. Holy ]5il)le: Designed for the Use of Students. New York, J. C. Riker. 4^, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, American and Foreign Bible Society. 8'^, Soc. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Eugene Cunimiskey. 8^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Coojierstown, H. & K. I'hinney. 8'-, $1.00. New Testament : Boston, Benjamin Adams. 8^, 50c. The Complete Kv.angelist : New Limdon, Bolles & Williams. 12°, 50c. The Acts of the Apostles, in Four Books : Rev. Charles C. Pise, D.l). New York, Johnson, Fry & Co. 4^, $1.00. Polyglot Bible: Franklin, N. IL, Peabody & Daniel. 12°, 50c. New Testament Conunentary: Rev. Dr. Adam Clarke. Philadel- phia. 80, $1.25. 1846. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 4*^, 7Sc. The Hluminated Bible: New York, Harper i\: Bros. 4", .$5.00. Holy Bible: Troy, W. & H. Merriam. 4°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Eugene Cun niiskcy. 8", $1.50. Pentateuch in Hebrew. 5 vols. Rev. Isaac Leeser. Philadelphia, C. Sherman. 8^, $10.00. Commentary on CJenesis and Psalms. By Bishop P.itrick. 2 vols. Philadelphi.i, Carey & Hart. 8°, $1.50. The Psalms : A New Version. By George R. Noycs. Boston, James Monroe & Co. 12'^, 75c. 446 Appendix. The Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and the Canticles : A New Version. By George R. Noyes. Boston, James Monroe & Co. 12'', 75C' Pictorial Testament: New York, J. S. Redfield. 8"^, $1.2$. New Testament : Philadelphia. 8°, 50c. Genesis : Notes by Dr. Turner. New York. 8°, 75c. The Family Expositor : Dr. Doddridge. Amherst, Charles McFar- land. 8^, 75c. Greek Testament. 2 vols. Edited by Dr. Bloomfield. Boston, Perkins & Marvin ; New York, Gould & Newman ; Philadelphia, Henry Perkins. 8°, $1.50. Polymicrian Testament : Philadelphia, Perkins & Purves. 32*^, 50c. The Anglo-Saxon Version of the Holy Gospels : Edited by Benja- min Thorpe. New York, Wiley & Putnam. 12°, $2.00. An Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangelists, by the Rules of Evidence Administered in Courts of Justice. By Simon Greenleaf, LL.D. Boston, Charles C. Little & James Brown. 8°, $2.00. Holy Bible. 2 vols. Philadelphia. 4°, $1.00. French Testament : Quebec. 8^, $5.00. Acts : Notes by Rev. A. Barnes. New York. 12°, 50c. 1847. The Gospels: Notes by Rev. Albert Barnes. New York. 12^, 50c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Kimber & Sharpless. 4°, $1.00. New Testament Commentary : Rev. Dr. Adam Clarke. Philadel- phia. 8^, $1.25. St. John in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24^, $1.00. St. James in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24*^, $1.00. Greek Testament : New York, Harper & Bros. 12^, 50c. Collectanea Evangelica in Greek : Baltimore, Gushing & Bro. 16°, 50c. Gospels and the Acts in Greek: New York, Harper & Bros. 12°, 50c. Holy Bible. 2 vols. Philadelphia, E. H. Butler & Co. 4°, $1.00. Appendix. 447 Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8*^, $1.50. Holy Bible ; New York, American Bible Society. 8*^, 50c. German Bible: New York, American Bible Society. I2^\ 50c. Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans. By Robert Haldane. New York, Robert Carter. 8°, 50c. Proverbs : Notes by Rev. Charles Bridges. New York. 8*^, 75c. The Apocalypse : Notes by David N. Lord. New York, Harper & Bros. 8", 75c. 1848. St. Peter's Epistles in Cherokee: Park Hill Mission Press. 24°, $1.00. St. John's Epistles in Cherokee : Park Hill Mission Press. 24°, $1.00. Ephesians in Cherokee: Cherokee Baptist Mission Press. 24°, $1.00. Acts in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Miller & Burlock. 4-, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Harvey Griffith. 4°,. $1.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, Sumner & Goodman. 4", $1.00. Holy Bible : Cooperstown, H. & E. Phinney ; Buffalo, F. W. Breed. 40, $1.00. Polyglott Bible : Boston, Phillips & Sampson. %'^, 50c. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 8°, 50c. New Testament : Philadelphia, Edward W. Miller. 4^, 50c. New Testament in Choctaw : New York, American Bible Society. 12C, $1.50. St. Luke in Grebo: New York, American Bible Society. 16°, 50c. German Testament: Harrisburg, Pa., Gustav S. Pieters. 12°, 75c. Polymicrlan Testament: Philadelphia, H. Perkins. 32°, 50c. Greek Testament : Philadelphia, H. Perkins ; Boston, Benj. Per- kins. 80, 50c. Greek Testament : Philadelphia, H. Perkins ; Boston, Perkins & Marvin. 8", 50c. Greek Testament : Boston, B. Perkins ; Philadelphia, H. Perkins. 8°, 50c. 448 Appendix. New Testament : Translated by Jonathan Morgan. Portland, S. II. Colesworthy. 12^, $1.50. Phonetic Testament : Philadelphia, A. Komstock, M.D. 8°, $2.00. 1849. St. Timothy in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24*^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Buffalo, Phinney & Co. 4^, $i.oo. Holy Bible: Hartford, S. Andrus & Son. 4^', $1.00. Holy Bible: Cincinnati, E. Morgan & Co. 4'^, $1.00. Hebrew Bililc : Isaac Leeser. New York, John Wiley. 8°, $5.00. Holy Bible ; New York, American Bible Society. 8^, 50c. The Four Ciospels. By Rt. Rev. Francis P. Kcnrick. New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 8^, $1.00. The Good News of our Lord Jesus (Millerite Testament) : Boston, Joshua Y. Ilimes. 12^, $3.00. Holy Bible: Aubuin. 4'^, $1.00. Greek and Latin Testament : New York, W. E. Dean. 12°, 50c. Collectanea Evangelica in Greek : New York, A. S. Barnes & Co. 16°, 50c. Holy Bible: New York, Leavitt & Allen. 4°, $1.00. The Book of Psalms : With Commentary by Rev. George Home, D.D. New York, Robert Carter & Bro. 8^, 75c. 1850. St. James in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24^, $1.00. St. Luke in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24^, $1.00. St. Matthew in Cherokee: Park Hill Mission Press. Polymicrian Testament : Philadelphia, H. Perkins. Holy Bible: London and New York, Tallis, Willoughby & Co. P'ol., $2.50. Holy Bible: Rochester, N. Y., Wanzer, Foote & Co. 40, $1.00. Holy Bible: Troy, Merriam, Monre & Co. ^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, John B. Perry. 40, $1.00. Greek Testament : Notes Ijy Dr. Bloomfield. New York. 8°, $1.50. Holy Bilde: Concord, N. IL, Luther Roby. 4°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, .V. C. Goodman & Co. 4^^, $1.00. Holy Bible : New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. S'-', $2.00. 240, $1.00. 32^, 50c. Appendix. 449 II. )o. lO. k, 4S 50c. p. Holy Bible; Philadelphia, Eugene Cummiskey. 8-^, $1.25. Danish Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 12^, 75c. Portuguese Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 12^, New Testament : Philadelphia, Thomas, Cowperthvvaite & Co. $1.00. New Testament : New York, Hewctt & Spooner. 8°, 75c. (Jerman Testament: New York, American Bible Society. 8^, English and Spanish Testament: New York, American Bible So- ciety. 12°, 50c. The Gospels in Chippewa: Toronto, A. F. Plees. 8°, $1.75. Genesis in Grebo : New York, American Bible Society. 1 8^, 50c. The Psalms : In raised letters for the blind. New York, American Bible Society. 4", $3.00. The Four Gospels : Notes by A. A. Livermore. 2 vols. 12^, $1.00. Acts in the Arrawack Language: New York, American Bible So- ciety. 18°, $2.00. Job: A New Version. By G. R. Noyes. Boston. 12^, 75c. Daniel : Notes by M. Stuart. New York. S'J, 75c. 1851. e, 12°, 50c. 8-, 50c. Greek and Latin Testament : New York, W. E. Dean. Harmony of the Gospels in Greek : Boston, Crocker. Holy Bible: Baltimore, Joseph Neal. Fob, $2.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Lippincott, Grambo & Co. 4^, 75c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, James A. Bill. 4'=, 75c. Holy Bilile. 2 vols. Philadelphia, E. H. Butler & Co. 4°, 75c. Holy Bil)le: New York, Leavitt & Allen. 4°, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, Samuel llueston. 4*^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Auburn, N. Y., James M. Alden. 40, $1.00. Holy Bible: Hartford, A. C. Goodm.in & Co 4°, $1.00. . Holy Bible : New York, Pratt, Woodford & Co. 8°, 75c. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8^\ 50c. Spanish Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8^, 50c. Family Bible : New York, American Tract Society. 8=, 50c. New Testament : Syriac Peshito Version. Rev. James Murdock, D.D. New York, Stanford & Swords. 8^, $3.00. 450 Appendix. The Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles of St. Paul, the Catholic Epistles, and the Apocalypse. By Bishop Kenrick. New York, Ed- ward Dunigan & Bro. 8^, 75c. Acts in Grebo: New York, American Bible Society. 18°, $1.00. An Analysis of the 24th Chapter of Matthew. By Iliram Carlton. Windsor, Chronicle Press. 8^, 50c. First Epistle of St. Peter: Translated by Rev. John T, Demarest. New York, John Moffet. 8>-\ $1.00. Expositionof the Apocalypse. ByT. \Vickes. New York. 12^,500. Philippians: Notes 1)y I)r. Neander. New York. 8'^, 75c. The (General History of the Christian Church, Chiefly Deduced from the Apocalypse. By Pastorini. New York, D. & J. Sadlier. 12°, 50c. Ecclesiastes : Notes by Moses Stuart. New York. 12*^, 50c. 1852. Holy Bible : New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible: New York, 1). & J. Sadlier. 4'^, $2.00. German Bible: New York, D. & J. Sadlier. %^, $2.00. Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 8^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Eugene Cunimiskey. 8°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Boston, Patrick Donahoe. 8^-, $1.50. Spanish Bible : New York, American Bil)le Society. 8°, 50c. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible So'-iety. 8°, 50c. French Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 12°, 50c. Joshua, Judges, and Ruth in Choctaw : New York, American Bible Society. I2^~, $2.50. Samuel and First Book of Kings in Choctaw : New York, American Bible Society. 12^, $1.50. New Testament : Boston, Patrick Donahoe. 8°, 50c. New Testament : New York, George Lane & Levi Scott. 8°, 50c. German Testament: New York, D. & J. Sadlier. 8-, $1.00. An Exposition of the New Testament. By Hezekiah Woodruff. Auburn, Henry Oliphant. 16°, $1.25. A New Harmony and Exposition of the Gospels. By James Strong. New York, Carlton & Phillips. 8^, $1.00. St. John in Mpwongwe : New York, American Bible Society. 18°, $2.00. IC d- n Hebrews in Greek and Englisli: New York, Stanford & Swords. 8", 75c. Greek and Latin Testament: New York, W. E. Dean. 12°, 50c. Proverbs : Notes by Moses Stuart. New York. 1 3'^, 50c. St. James: Notes by Dr. Neander. New York. 12^, 50c. Acts in Greek; New York, Leavitt. I2^\ 50c. Scripture Histories of the Okl and New Testaments in Chippewa: Detroit Daily Tiihunc and Job Print. 16^, $2.00. Judges: Notes by Georye Husli. Boston. 12 , 50c. Joshua: Notes by George Bush. New York. 12-, 50c. 1853. Holy Bible: Hartford, Silas Andrus. Fol., $2.00. Holy Bil)le: New York, George Virtue. 4-, $2.00. Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 4°, $2.00. Holy Bible: New York, D. & J. Sadlier iV Co. 4^, $2.00. The Twenty-Four Books of the Holy Scriptures: Translated by Rev. Isaac Leeser. Philadelphia. 4^, $5.00. Annotated Paragraph Bible: New York, C. B. Norton. 8°, 75c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Jesper Harding. 4*^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Lippincott, Grambo & Co. S'^, 50c. The Self-Explanatory Reference Bible: New York, R. Carter & Bros. 8^, .$1.00. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8°, 50c. Family Bible : New York. 8^, 50c. Exposition of the Prophet Jeremiah : New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 16^, soc. New Testament: New York, D. & J. Sadlier & Co. 40, 500. Spanish Testament: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 12'^, $1.00. Manual of the Gospels : New i'ork, Carlton & Phillips. 12°, 50c. Exodus in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24^, $1.50. St. Matthew in Micmac: Charlottetown, G. T. Haszard. 16°, $1.25. Polymicrian Testament : Philadelphia, Clark & Hesser. 32°, 50c. Greek and Latin Testament: New '/ork, W. E. Dean. 12°, 50c. 45^ Appcudix. Circek Harmony of the Onspels : llDston, C!rocker & Hrcwsicr. 8^, 50c. Konmns in Greek and English ; New \'<>rk, Stanford & Swords. 8°, 75*^- West's Analysis : New York. 8^, 75c. Pniycr Hook and I'salnis in Mohawk : New York, Protestant Kpisco- pul 'I'ratt Society. 16-, $3,00. I'rayer Hook in Ojibwa: Toronto, Henry Rowsell. 12*^, $2.50. The Ciospels for Sundays ami Principal Festivals : l)u))U(|ue, luwo. 12", 50c. Daniel: Notes by Rev. Alhert liiirnes. New York. 12", 50c. 1854. Holy nilile : New York, Georj;e Yirtue. 4°, $2.00. New Testament in Ojibwa: Toronto, Henry Rowsell. 8^^, $6.75. St. John in Micmac: Halifax, \V. Cunnahell. 12'-', $1.00. St. John in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24", $1.00. The Conijirehensive Bible : Lippincott, (ir.imbo & Co. 4°, $3.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Jesper Hardintj. ^^, $2.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, E. H. Butler & Co. 4", $1.50. Holy Bible: Syracuse, Mills, Hopkins & Co. 4^, $1.50. Holy Bil)le: Philadelphia, Bible Association of Friends in America. 8^, 50c. Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 8", $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, American Bil)le Society. S'^, 50c. Danish Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8", 75c. Holy Bible : New York, New York Bible and Common Prayer Book Society. 8-, 50c. The Gospel by Moses, in the Book of Genesis : New York, Edward H. Fletcher. 8^3, 5c , New Testament : Philadelphia, E. H. Butler & Co. 4°, $1.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Thomas Davis. 8°, 50c. Italian Testament: New York, American Bible Unitm. 8°, 75c. German and English Testament: New York, American Bible Soci- ety. 12«, 50c. French and English Testament : New York, American Bible Soci- ety. 12°, 50c. Appendix. 453 New Testament ; New \'i)rk, I'.dwiird Dimi^^iin \ Ilro. iR-, 50c. A Nfw llarniDiiy iinil Mxpositiiin nf tlie (lospiN; New \'ork| Cnrleton iV I'liilliji'.. S, $1.00. Tlie History iif Christ, according to Insjiiration : ]k)ston, IIciUli & Clruves. 12 ^ 50c. The Second ICpistlc of Peter, the Kpistles of John and Judc, and the Revelation: New Vork, American Bible L'ninn. 4 , 75c. Greek Harmony of the (lospels : New ^'o^k, J. C. Kiker. 12 , 50c. Greek Testament: New Vork, Leavitt & Allen. \l , 50c. Clreek Testament: I'hiiadelphia, i-ippinco, , Clramlu) i*v: Co. u , Soc. Greek Testament: I'hiladeli)hia, Clark i\: Hesser. 8^, 75 . Greek Harmony of the Gospels : New Vork, Harj) ' & Hr ).-. 12^; 50c. Greek Testament : Philadelphia, \\. C. Peck & Theodor." liliss. 8 , 75c. Greek Testament: Philadelphia, Harrington tV Haswell. 12 , jOc. Sabbath Scripture Readings : K. Cumming. IJostor ,..;'^, 50C. St. Matthew in Muskokee: Park Hill. 24^, $1.25. Second Kings in Choc.aw : New Vork, American bible Society. 12*^, $1.00. Holy IWble: Auburn, William J.Moses, and Miller, };ton & Mul- ligan. 4^\ $1.00. The Gospels: With Notes by Rev. Albert liarncs. New Vork. 12^, 50c. The Four Gospels : Notes by A. A. Livermore. 2 vols. Hoston. 12 \ $1.00. Holy Hible: Auburn and Rochester, ihun & Ileardsley. 4^, $1.00. Comprehensive Bible : Philadelphia, Lijipincott, Grambo & Co. 4^, $3.00. Holy liible: Philadelphia, H. ■ . Peck & Tlieo. Bliss. Imperi.il 40, $3.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, John B. Perry. 4-, .$2.00. Holy Bible: New York, Sheldon, Lamport iS: Hlakenian. 4°, $2.00. 454 Appendix. V Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 4°, $1.50. Holy Bible: New York, American Bible Society. Imperial 4°, $1.50. Holy Bible: Troy, Merriam, Moore & Co. 40, $1.00. Holy Bible: Cincinnati, More, Wilstach, Keys & Overend. 4°, $1.50. A Comprehensive Commentary. 5 vols. Rev. William Jenks, D.D. Philadelphia. 8°, $6.00. Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. S'S, $2.00. The Pronouncing Bible: Israel Alger, Jr. Philadelphia, W. S. Young. 12^, $1.00. Romans: Notes by A. A. Livermore. Boston. 12°, Soc. The History of Job: Washington, D. C, Samuel Reese. 8°, $2.00. New Testament : Syriac Peshito. Dr. Murdock. New York, Stanford & Swords. 8'^, $3.00. New Testament: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 8°, $1.00. New Testament : New York, Robert R. Collins. 8*^, soc. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8", 50c. English and Welsh Testament : New York, American Bible Soci- ety. I2^\ 50c. A Translation of the Gospels with Notes. By Rev. Andrew Nor- ton. 2 vols. Boston, Little, Brown & Co. 8^, $1.00. The Gospels : With Moral Reflections on each Verse. By PasquiT Quesnel. 2 vols. Philadelphia, Parry & McMillan. S'^, $3.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, M. Carey. 4'^ $2.00. First Three Chapters of St. Matthew's Gospel in Greek and Eng- lish : New York, American Bible Union. 4^, 75c. Ilelirews in Greek and English: New York, Stanford & Swords. Romans in Greek and English : New York, Stanford & Swords. 8°, 75c. Greek Testament : New York, Leavitt & Allen. 12*^, .i;oc. Poiymicrian Testament: Philadelphia, II. C. Peck & Theodore Bliss. 32^, soc. Greek and Latin Testament: Lippincott, Granibo& Co. 12^^, 50c. Commentary on the Four Holy Gospels : PJiiladelphia, Herman Hooker. 8^, $1.00. Appendix. 455 1856. Hebrews in Greek, with Commentary. By Rev. Dr. Sampson. New Y'^rk, Robert Carter & Bros. 8^, 75c. Acts in Greek: New York, Leavitt. 12°, 50c. Ephesians in Greek and English : New York, Dana & Co. 8°, 75c. St. John's Gospel in Greek and English: New York, American Bible Union. 4°, 75c. Greek and English Testament: Geneva, 111., B. Wilson. 12°, 50c. Greek Testament : Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott. 8°, 75c. Polymicrian Testament : Philadelphia, H. C. Peck & Theodore Bliss. 32°, 50c. Psalms in Chippewa: Toronto, H. Rowsell. 12°, $1.25. Genesis in Cherokee: Park Hill. 24°, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 40,11.50. Holy Bible: New York, A. S. Barnes & Co. op, $1.00. Holy Bible : New York, D. & J. Sadlier & Co. 4^, $1.50. Holy Bible : New York, American Bible Society. Imperial 4°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, T. K. Collins, Jr. 4°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Jesper Harding. 4°, $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, John B. Perry. 4*^, $1.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, H. C. Peck & Theo. Bliss. 40, $1.00. Ecclesiastes : Notes by Dr. Macdonald. New York. 12*^, 75c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Charles Desilver. 4^^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Auburn, William J. Moses. 4°, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 8°, $1.50. Holy Bible: Electrotyped. New York, American Bible Society. 80, $1.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Bible Association of Friends in America. 80, 50c. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, Lindsay & Blakiston. 8^^, 50c. Spanish Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 8^, 50c. The Book of Job: English and Hebrew. New York, American Bible Union. 40, $1.00. The Prophets of the Restoration : Translation of Rev. T.'V. Moore, D.D. New York. 80, $1.50. 456 Appendix. Dutch and English Testament : New York, American Bible Soci- ety. 12^, 50c. Spanish and English Testament: New York, American Bible Society. 12^, 50c. Ephesians : Notes by Rev. Dr. Hodge. New York, Robert Carter & IJros. 8^, 75c French Bil)le: New York, American Bible Society. 12*^, 50c. New Testament in Ojibwa: New York, American IJible Society. 16S $1.50. Translation of the Gospels with Notes. 2 vols. Rev. Andrew Norton. Boston, Little, Brown & Co, 8^\ $1.00. Commentary on the Four Gospels. By S. II. Tyng, D.D. 8^, 75c. The Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians : New York, Amer- ican Bible Union. 4*^, $1.00. The Epistle to the Galatians in Greek and English : New York, Dana & Co. 8°, 7Sc. The Last of the Epistles : Frederick Gardinier. Boston. 8°, 75c. The Divine Library, or Cyclopedia of Inspiration : Baltimore, T. H. Stockton. 12^^, 50c. Exposition of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark. By Rev. Richard Watson. New York. 8*^, $1.00. 1857. The Pictorial Bible: New York, Robert Sears. 4°, $1.00. Notes on the Gospels. By Rev. Charles H. Hall. 2 vols. New York. 12^, 75c. Holy Bible : New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 40, $2.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, John B. Perry. 4^, ."fLOO. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co. 4^', $1.00. Comprehensive Bible: Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co. 4*-, $3.00. Holy Bil lie: Philadelphia, Whilt & Yost. 4", $1.00. HolyBiUle: Pbiladelpliia, Jesper Harding & Son. 4^', $1.00. Holy Bible: Pliihulelphia, E. H. liutler. 4 , $1.00. Holy Bible: Auburn and Buffalo, John I'".. Beardsley. 4^, $1.00. Holy Bible: Buffalo, Phinney & Co, 4^, $1.00. Appendix, 45; Holy Bible: Dayton, O., E. A. & T. T. More. 4^, $2.00. The Family Uihle: New York, American Tract Society. 8^, $1.00. Cottage Bible and Family Expositor. 2 vols, llartfonl, Case, Tiffany & Cc. 8^, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 8*^, $1.00. Holy Bil)le : New York, American Bible Society. 8^, 50c. Portuguese Bible: New York, American Bible Society. 12*^, 50c. The Book ol Job: New York, American Bible Union. 4°, 75c. The Psalms, Book of Wisdom, and Canticle of Canticles. By Arch- bishop Kenrick. Baltimore, Lucas Brothers. S^-, $3.00. New Testament: New York, 1). & J. Sadlicr & Co. 4°, $1.00. New Testament : Philadelphia, Charles Desilver. 8', 75c. The Family Expositor : Dr. Doddridge. New York, Robert Carter & Bros. Royal 8°, $1.00. Hawaiian and English Testament: New York, American Bible Society. 12*^, $1.00. The Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians : New York, American Bible Union. 4", 75c. The Epistle to the Ephesians : Greek and English. New York, American Bible Union. 4^, 75c. The Epistle to the Hebrews : Greek and English. New York, Amer- ican Bible Union. 4'^, 75c. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Peck & Bliss. 4-, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, 1). tV J. Sadlier. 40, $3.00. Greek Harmony of the Gospels : Boston, Crocker & Brewster. 8°, 50c. Acts : Notes by Rev. Dr. Alexander. New York, Charles Scrib- ner. 2 vols. 12^^, $2.00. 1858. Epistles to the Corinthians, Galatians, and Ephesians in Cherokee ; Park Hill. 24^, $1.25. Holy Bible: New York and Nashville. Imperial 4°, $3.00. Holy Bible: New York, D.& J. Sadlier. 4-, $3.00. Holy Bible: Aul)urn, ^Villiam J. Moses. 4^, $1.00. The Pictorial Bible : New York, Rol)crt Sears. 4'-\ $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, J. P.. I.ippincott & Co. 40, $1.00. Holy Bible : Philadelphia, John B. Perry. 4^, $1.00. 458 Appendix. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Whilt »t Yost. 4-\ $i.oo. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Jesper Harding. 4^", $l.oo. Holy Bible : New York, Edward Dunigan & Ilro. 4^-, $3.00. Holy Bible: Buffalo, Phinney & Co. 4^, $1.00. Holy Bible: New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 8*^, $1.00. Holy Bible : Boston, Patrick Donahoe. 8^, 50c. Welsh Bible : New York, American Bible Society. 1 2°, 50c. New Testament: Sawyer's translation. Boston, J. P. Jewett & Co. 12O, 75c. New Testament : Philadelphia, Eugene Cumniiskey. 8°, $1.00. New Testament and Student's Memorandum Book. 4 vols, Phila- delphia, T. H. Stockton. 12^, $2.00. New Testament : New York, Edward Dunigan & Bro. 12c, 50c. New Testament : Syriac Pebliito Version. Rev. Dr. Murdock. New York, Robert Carter & Bros. 8^, $2.50. The Gospel According, co Matthew : Greek and English. New York, American Bible Union. 4'-', 75c. Holy Bible : Scott's Notes. 6 vols. Philadelphia. J^oyal 8°, $6.00. The Gospel According to Mark : Greek and English. New York, American Bible Union. 4'^, 75c. Expository Thoughts on the Gospels : Rev. J. C. Ryle. 2 vols. New York, Robert Carter & Bros. 12^, 50c. Poetical Expression of the Gospels. By William J. Knowles. Boston. 12^, 50c. Acts of the Apostles : Greek and English. New York, American Bible Union. 4^', 75c. An Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians : Dr. Hodge. Robert Carter & Bros. 12^. 50c. An Exposition of the Apocalypse of St. John the Apostle. By a Secular Priest. Boston, Patrick Donahoe. S'^, 75c. Hebrews : New York, American Bible Union. 4^, 75c. The General History of the Christian Chuich. By Pastorini. New York, D. & J. Sadlier & Co. 12^, 75c. Psalms : Notes by Dr. Tholuck. Philadelphia, William S. & Al- fred Martien. 8'^, $1.00. 1859. The Gospel of John : Greek and English. New York, American Bible Union, i^, 50c. Greek Harmony of theGospcls : Boston, Crocker & Brewster. 8^\ 50c. Romans in Greek and Kng'.ish : New York, Randolph. 8 , 50c. Old Testament Stories in Algontiuian : Montreal. 18^, $1.25. Self-Interpreting Bible: New York, Johnson, Fry & Co. Fol., $3.00. Illuminated liihle: New York, Harper & Bros. 4'', $2.00. Acts: Notes by Rev. Dr. llackett. Boston, Gould & Lincoln. SO, $1.00. Holy IJible: New York, Cornish, Lamport & Co. 4^-, .$1.00. Holy Bible: New York, Leavitt & Allen. 4^, $1.00. Collateral Bible : Philadelphia, John Laval & S. F. Bradford. 3 vols. 4", $1- so- Holy Bible: Philadelphia, Jesper Harding & Son. 4^', $1.00. Holy Bible: Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co. 4'^, $1.00. Proverbs of Solomon Illustrated : New York, Robert Carter & Bros. 8^, $1.00. The Book of Job and the Prophets : Archbishop Kenrick. Balti- more, Kelley, Hedian & Piet. 8^, $2.00. The Pentateuch : Archbishop Kenrick. Baltimore, Kelley, Hedian & Piet. 8^\ $2.00. The Historical Books of the Old Testament: Archl ishop Kenrick. Baltimore, Kelley, Hedian & Piet. 8^, $2.00. The Greek Testament : Henry Alford. Vol. i. Now York, Harper & Bros. 8«, $1.00. Expository Thoughts on the Gospels, with the Text Comj)lete: Rev. J. C. Ryle. 4 vols. New York, Robert Carter & ISros. 12^, $1.00. The Epistle to the Romans : Greek and English. By Rev. Dr. Turner. New York, Anson D. F. Randolph. 8 , 50c. The Epistle to the Hebrews: Greek and English. By Rev. Dr. Turner. New York, Anson D. F. Randolph. 8^, 50c. The Four Gospels with Commentary. By Rev. David Brown, D.I). Philadelphia, William & Alfred Martien. 8^, 50c. Isaiah : Barnes's Notes. 2 vols. New York, Leavitt & Allen. 12", 75^. The Four Gospels in Cree: Moose Factory, Hudson Bay. 16°, $3.00. Colossians : With Lectures by Rt. Rev. Daniel Wilson. New York. 12", 50c. I I 46o Appendix. Isaiah : Notes by Rev. Dr. Alexander. 2 vols. New York, John Wiley. 8", $2.00. i860. New Testament in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 12-, .fi.25. Philippians, Colossians, and Thessalonians in Cherokee : New York, American Hible Society. 2\^, $1.00. Epistles to St. Titus, St. Philemon, and Hebrews in Cherokee: New York, American Bible Society. 24°, $1.00. Epistles to St. Timothy in Cherokee : New York, American Bible Society. 24^, $1.00. !'"pistles of St. Peter in Cherokee: New York, American Bible Society. 24'^, $1.00. Epistles of St. John in Cherokee : New York, American Bible So- ciety. 24^", $1.00. Pronouncing. Bible: New York, Carleton & Porter. 8°, 75c. Psalms: Notes by Dr. Alexander. 3 vols. New York. 12°, $2.00. Minor Prophets : Commentary by Rev. E. Henderson. Andover, Warren F. Draper. S'-, $1.00. Psalms: Notes by Rev. Dr. Home. New York. 8^, $1.00. Expository Thoughts on St. Mark. By Rev. J. C. Ryle. Nevir York, Harper & Bros. 12^, 50c. 1861. The Five Books of Moses in Ojibwa : Toronto, Lovell & Gibson. 8°, $2.00. The Annotated Paragraph Bible : New York, Sheldcm & Co. 8*^, 7SC. New Testament as Revised and Corrected by the Spirits : New York, Leonard Thorn. 8°, $3.00. Holy Bible. 3 vols. London and New York, J. S. Virtue. Fol.,. $4.00. Psalm cxix. : Notes by Rev. Charles Bridges. New York, Robert Carter & Bros. 8°, 75c. An Exposition of the Apocalypse. By John Thomas, West Ho- boken, N. J. 8^^, 750. Appendix. 461 List of Books Rklating to American Bibles. 1 Aboriginal Tril3es of North America : Samuel Drake, 8°. American Dictionary of Printing and Bookmaking. 4°. Annals of the English Bible : Christopher Anderson. 8°. A Critical Bibliography of the Greek New Testament as published in America: Dr. Isaac H. Hall. 8°. A Bil)liogra|i'iical Account of Catholic Bibles, Testaments, and other P(jrtions of Scripture, translated from the Latin Vulgate and printed in the United States: John G. Shea. 12°. Baptist Encyclopedia : Rev. Dr. Cathcart. 4°. Bibliography of the Algonquian Languages : James C. Pilling. 8*2. Bibliography of the Iroquoian Languages : James C. Pilling. 8°. Bibliography of the Muskhogean Languages : James C. Pilling. 8°. Bibliography of the Athapascan Languages : James C. Pilling. 8^. Bibliography of the Siouiin Languages : James C. Pilling. 8*^. Bibliotheca Biblica : William Orme. 8°. Bibliograffa Mexicana del Siglo XVL : Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta. Catalogue of the British Museum, Part I., Bibles. Royal 4°. . Catalogues of choice, rare, and valuable books in all languages issued by Trubner & Co., London, from 1859 to 1877. 8". Cyclopedia Bibliographica : James Darling. 4^. Encyclopedia of the Presbyterian Chv.ich in the United States of America: Rev. Alfred Nevin, D.D., LL.D. 8°. History of the Translations which have been made of the Scriptures from the earliest to the present age, throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, and America: Rev. Herbert M.irsh, D.D. 8°. History of the American Bible Society: Rev. William P. Strick- land, D.D. 8^. History and Antiquities of New England, New York, and New Jersey : John W. Barber. 8°. 1 The books that treat directly and solely of American Bibles are few in number. Of most of the volumes in this list it can be said that they deal with the subject in a fragmentary way. 462 Appendix. History of Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of the United States : John (J. Shea. 12'^. History of Trintiny in America: Dr. Isaiah Thomas. 8'^. History of the United .States : George Hancroft, D.C.L. 8^. Illustrations of nil)lical Literature: Dr. James Townley. S*^. Life of John Kliot : Rev. Nehemiali Adams. I2^. Life of Jolin Kliot : C. Francis. 12^. Life of the Ilonoralile Roljert Boyle: Thomas Birch. 12*^. List of Bibles printed in the United States prior to i860: Dr. E. B. O'C.iUaghan. 4^. List of Editions of the Bible and Parts thereof in English : Henry Cotton, D.C.L. 8^. Memorial History of Boston: Edited by Dr. Winsor. 4°. Memoirs of the Rev. John Eliot: Martin Moore. 12^^. Manual of Biblical Bibliography: T. II. Home, D.D. 8^. Minnesota Historical Collections. 8". Old Bibles : J. R. Dore. 12'-". Principal Translations of Holy Scriptures: T. G. Hagemann. 8°. Reports of the transactions of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. 80. Reports of the transactions of the Massachusetts Historical Society. 80. Reports of the transactions of the Connecticut Historical Society. 8c. Reports of the transactions of the American Antiquarian Society. 8°. Reports of the transactions of the American Philological Society. 8". Specimens of some of the languages an owners of the, 383, 384. Aitken New Testament, first edi- , tion of, 56 ; second, tiiird, and ' fourth editions of, 57, 60 ; prices . of, 385- ! Albany, 187, 206, 216, 271, 286, : 3<'2. 393. 394. 412, 421, 423. 424, 427, 428, 429, 431, 435. I 463 Alemany, Archbishop, edited a Spanisli Testament, 166. Alexander, D.D., Rev. A., com- mentator, 203, 457, 460. Alexander, Caleb, edited a Greek Testament, 133. Alexandria, 1) C, 356,438. Alford, D.D., Rev. Henry, edited a Creek Testament, 138, 459. Alger, Jr., Israel, edits a I'ro- nouncingliible, 186, 188; sketch of, 189, 190. Algoncpiian, first translations in, 3 ; Eliot Testament and Bible in, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14; Lord's I'rayer in, 1 1 ; ways of spelling the word, 10; nature of the, 10, 11; words lacking in the, 10; extent of, 275, 276; various ])ortions of Scripture in, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275- Allegheny College; honors Isaiah Thomas, 87 ; owns the manu- script of Thomson's translation, 118. Allen, Cardinal, assists in the translation of the Rheims Tes- tament, 156. Allioli, Dr., edits Douay Bible in (Jerman, 164. Allison, D.D., Rev. Patrick, pre- sents memorial to Congress in behalf of the Aitken Bible, 55. Amat, Don Felix Torres, edited a .Spanish Bible, 31 1; biograph- ical notice of, 311, 312. American Anticjuarian Society, ac- count of, 87, 88; owns co]>ies of the Eliot Bible, 377, 378; 464 Index. owns 11 copv of the Aiikcn I!il)lc, ArnoricaH ltil)le Society, oryaiiiza- tion of, 2()i ; criLts tlic Mihle lIuu.M', 202; i-xtciit of lilirary, 262 ; volumes issued l)y, 2b2 ; receipts of, 262; extent of trans- lations liy, 2(\? ; expedition with wliicli IliMes areprinteil liy, 2(14, 205; Inst I'cstanient in modern lireek by, 140; report of \er- sion C'onniiiltee of, 23"; error inu lliiile printed l>y, 2,^S; owns a copy of the Aitken Itilile, J5S4. American Itilile I'nion, orj;ani/a- tion of, 2()(); issues a llaptist version, 2<)(). American ami I'"orcij;n Hihlc So. ciety, orjjani/aiion of, 2(15, 2()t>. American Phijo^upliical Society, owns copies of the Eliot Bible, 378; American ruhlishdP^Coinpany, is- sued a new version of the l>il)le, American Sundav-school Union, 181. American Tract Society, employed Dr. .\nilersoii as engraver, 257. Andierst, 4JI, 441, 446. .\iiderson, 1 >r. Alexander, en- jjraver, 25'\ 257. Andovcr, ,^yi. ,?i)4, 305, 396, 401, 42:. 4,?I, 4.^n, 4:;7, 4 V), 4(10. Andovcr Theoloi^ical Sennnary, owns co|)ies of the l-.liot IJible, 377. 3-S. Andrew >, Kev. W illiam, transla- tor, 2S1, 2S2. Antietani C'liurch, owns a copy of the Saur I'.ible, :^S2. Appciulix to the New Testament, 4>i). Arch, John, translator, 277. •Vrclideaconry of the Niobrara, Mission Press in. 303. Arrawack, history of the Passion in, 414, jirice of, 414; Acts in, 449, ]>rice .>f, 449. Ashurst, William, once owned a copy of the Eli(jt IJiblc, 20. Aspinw.all, Hon. 'I'honms, once owned an I'lliot 'I'estament, K). Astor Library, owns an I'lliot liii)le, 377 i l""'i;*-' P'li'l fw Eliot Itiblo by, 3X0. Atlanta, (ia., 357. Auburn, N. \'., 233, 402, 448, 449, 450, 453, 455, 450, 457. Aut;usta, (\i\., 357. A/tec, nuuniscripts in, 305, 306; St. I -uke in, 307. IJabcock, John, early jirinter of Hartford, 350. liailev, Kev. J. R., edits Douay liible, i()6. IJalch, Stiles, Wright & Co., en- gravers, 308. Haltiniore, 140, 152, 162, 167, i()8, 177, 2 to, 248,' 250, 255, 3S8, 390, 392, 395. 40i. 4>3. 41S, 419, 420, 432, 434, 439, 440, 44(), 449, 45(1, 457, 459. Bancroft, (leorge, (pn>tc(l concern- ing a supposed earlv Bible, 61, 62. T?a|)tist Board of Missions, 271. Baptist Mission I'ri'^s, 271). JJiir, Johann, early ])rinter of Lan- caster, i'a., 1^4, 155. Barclay, D.D., Rev. Ilcnry, trans- lator, 282. Parker, Rev. Francis, translator, 275- Barnard, Rev. John, ]iam])hrase(l portions of the liiblc, ^36 Barnard, Vt., 421. Barnes, Rev. Alfred, connnenta- tor, 401, 403, 446, 459. Baxter, Rev. Richard, pre>ented a copy of the Eliot Testament, 5. Beauchamp, Rev. William ^L, Mohawk prayer-book described by, 281, 282. ]>eauties of the Bible, 389 ; price of, 416. Bedell, Rev. Cingory T., edits the Collateral Bible, 206. Belchertown, ^Lass.. 359. Bement, Clarence S., owns a copy of the I'diot Testament, 376; price jiaid lor ICliot Testament Jiithx. 4^>5 I f ''y« 379! (iwiis a copy of tlic Suur Hilik', .iS2. Benson, I'.jjlitri, translated the Apostolic l''.pisilcs, 2J3, 234. Hcntluy, Kriissclacr, f(lilc(l a school Testament, ,^41. Ucrlin, Royal I,iliraryof, owns at) J''.]iot I5il)lc, 376; owns a Sftur i:il)lc, 3S0. Ikvhany, Va., 357, 358, 3()5, 431, 43.?. 434- Ik'thlchcni, Pa., 27,?, 3S6. Hihle Assiiiiatioii of l''iicn(ls in .America, account of, 2()5. Hil)les by the pound, 25. ]iil>les for the Miiid, 220, 221. l?il)lia .Americana, 51. His il, Conrad, head of the l''.ph- rata Connnunity, 27. Blatchford, Rev. Henry, transla- tor 272 27 1. Hlattiid.er'tier," D.I).. Kev. J. W \V., owns a Saur Bible, 3S1. Uloondleld, 1).!)., Rev. S. 'I'., edited the (Ireek Testament, I37- Blunt, I'vcv. 1 1 cnry, commentator, 39(), 442. Bodleian Library, owns copies of the Mliot Testament and liible, 37<''. 378- Boston, early ]irintin^ in, 335, 336; editions of the Scri|)tures printed at, So. Sfi, 135, 137, it;y, 169, 179, 180, 181, 1 82, 1S4, 186, 187, 18S, 200, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 221, 222, 229, 231, 233, 237, 24S, 250, 253, 255. 270. 3^''. 3S9. 390, .192, 393. 394. 39.=;. 396. 397. 39^. 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437. 43^. 439. 44°. 442, 443. 445, 446, 447, 449, 450, 451. ^Boston Athemeum, owns copies of the Eliot Bible, 21, 377, .378. IJoston Ihxily .lih'tr/i.ur Press, .?42. lloston i'nblic Library, ownscopies of the Idiot Uible, 377, 378. l>()U;;iMdmiiller, J., early printer of Bethlehem, Pa., 273. lirant, Captain Joseph, translator, 283. l!rattleborou},rh,Vt., 353, 392, 395, 396, 399, 424. 425. 42f>, 430. 431. 435. 4.?6. Braunschwei};, Duchess Eliza- beth Sophie Marie von, re- ceives a copy of the Saur Bible from Dr. Luther, 34. Bridjreport, Conn., 352, 392, 428. Bridges, Rev. Charles, commen- tator, 402. l$rinley Catalogue, note in, 16. JJrinley Lil)rary sale, 16, 48, 270, 275. 283- Bristow, D.D., Rev. Richard, translates the Rheinis Testa- ment, 156. British and Foreign Bible Society, 466 Index. prints the Syriuc Testament, IJK; iiids the l'hila one thonMnid (h>lhirs to the first Ilii)le Society ory;ani/ey, ,?So. Ih-own, |. Stanford, owns a copy of the"Sanr IWhle, 383. ilrown, William, first printer of Canada, 320; prints I'rayer- book in Mohawk, 320. Hrown l'niver>ity, owns the Ko^er Williams copy of the I'Miot liihie, 19, 377. lirownson, 1,1,. D., < ). .\., his opin- ion of the Kenrick version of the Douay IJihle, lOS. liriiie, David, hiojjraphical notice of, 194, 195. Ihnice, D. iV G., first stereotypers of the Bible in the United States, 193. liiirtalo, 247. 248, 287, 392, 426, 448, 45b, 458, liurkitt, William, commentator, 400. lUirlin^ton, \. J., 346, 3S9, 416. liush, Ceorge, commentator, 399, 401, 403, 404. liyint^ton, Kev. Cyrus, translator, 290 ; sketch of, 294. Calculation of number of chapters, verses, etc., in the Hible, in, Camhridije, Mass., 47, 133, 134, 182, 418, 419, 426, 430, 43a, Campbell, Kev. A., editor of New 'i'estament and founder of thu sect of " Canipbellites," 395. Campbell, D. |)., Kev. (ieorjjc, eles, 73; his death, 73. (.'arli'ton, I liram, made an analysis of the twi'iity-fourth chaiiter of St. Matthew, 353. Carlisle, I'a., 15V. 3^7. 393.412, 42(), 430. Carroll, Kt. Kev. John, heads the subscription list of the first Douay llihle, 70. Caryl, Kev. Joseph, receives a copy of the Fliot Testament, 5. Cassel, Abraham (1., letter of, 25; owns copies of the .Saur llihle, 381, 382; owns a cojiy of the Aitken llihle, 384. Cassel, l.andes llihiiothek of, owns a copy of the .Saur llihle, 37, 380. Chaffin, Kev. William L., his es- timate of Israel Alger, Jr., l8g. Chahta, translations in, 399, 442. I Challoner, Dr., edits the Douay I bible, 156, 158, 163. t C C c c Index. 407 ITS, I"' |34> Jew Ithu C'linlnitrs, ( iiorjjc, once tlie owmr of an I'iliot Kililf, 21. CliiiinlH-r^l)Ur(;, I'a., 391, 421. C'luipinan, lizckicl 1., coinincn- tat'.r, .?()5. (.'liapmaii, J. (1., tnyruvcr, 210. C.'liarlL's 1 1., rt'Cfivfs a copy of tlie I'lliiit Tcstaincnt, 5; I'Jiot 'Its- taiiu-nt and ltil>le (kdicated to, /'9. MO, 371, 372, 37.1, 374. Cliarlcslnwn, Mass., 3X9, 390, 415, 416, 417. Charlottctown, I'. K. I., 319, 451. Cherokee, (ienesis in, 278, 279; i'ixodus in, 279; IVsalins in, 2791 I'roverl)s in, 279; Isaiali in, 279; St. Matthew in, 27S; St. Jolni in, 277, 278; Acts in, 279; Kpistles in, 279; Revela- tion in, 279; New Testament in, 279; various issues in, 394, 395. 397. 39^. 399. 400. 401. 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 408, 431. 435. 440. 442, 443. 444. 44<>. 447. 44S. 45'. 452. 455. 457. 460. Clieverus, JWshop, gives his ap- probation to a French Testa- ment, 159. Cliica^o I'ulilic Liiirary, owns a Saur lUhle, 381. Chippewa, Clenesis in, 271, 316; Five Hooks of Moses in, 318; Psalms in, 318; St. Matthew in, 272, 316; St. Luke in, 272; Four (iospels in, 318; Acts in, 272 ; First Ciorinthians in, 272 ; New Testament in, 271, 272, 273. 3'^ ; various issues in, 394, 397, 406, 431, 432, 433, 435, 437. 439. 449. 455- Choctaw, C ienesis in, 290, 291 ; Psalms in, 290, 291 ; Josluia in, 292 ; Judges in, 292 ; Ruth in, 292 ; St. Matthew in, 290, 292 ; St. Mark in, 291, 292 ; St. Luke in, 291, 292; St. John in, 291, 292; Acts in, 291; Kpistles of St. John in, 292 ; Epistles of St. James in, 292 ; Revelation in, 292 ; various editions in, 395, 39'*<. 399. 400, 401, 405, 433, 443. 444. 445. 45". 453- Chorley, John, engraver, 250. Cliristology of the Old Testament, 43«. C!hulil)uck, L. II., owns an Kliot Itilile, 379; price paid for Kliot Itihle hy, 3S0. Cincinnati, 3()3, 395, 398, 399, 400, 430, 435, 440, 441, 443, 448, 454. Claesse, Lawrence, translator, 282. Claremont, N. II. , 355, 397, 433- Clarke, LL. 1)., Rev. .\dam. Com- mentary by, 203, 204, 446. Clement aL, brief of, 15. Climacus, St. John, translator, 304- Coit, ]).!)., Rev. Thomas VV., edited the Paragraph Itible, 182, 183, 184; biographical notice of, 184, 185. Collateral Hible, aj)peared in 1826, 206; Home's opinion of, 206, 207 ; |)rice of, 429. Collectanea I'-vangelica, described, 140; price of, 446. Collins, 15. & J., issue the first stereotyped quarto Hible in the United States, 195. Collins, Isaac, birth and early life of, 89 ; first publications of, 89 ; liia efforts to publish a Hible, 90, 91 ; his death, 99; his high character, 100. Collins Hible, proposals for, 90; Governor of New Jersey in- dorses the proposal, 91 ; Friends, Presbyterians, Episco- palians, and Haptists encourage publisher of, 91, 92, 93; issue of the quarto, 94; described, 94, 95; address " To the Reader" quoted, 95, 96, 97, 98 ; care in the printing of, 98, 99 ; price of, 412. Collins Testament, issued in oc- tavo, 90; price of, 411. Colossians, 396, 407, 459, 460. Columbian Family and Pulpit 468 Index. Bible, described, 208, 209 ; price of, 427. Compendium of the Bible, 392 ; price of, 422. Comprehensive ]?il)le, described, 207, 208; price of, 441. Comstock, Dr. A., edits the Pho- netic Testament, 219. Conunt, D.D., Rev. Thomas J., translator, 306. Concord, \. II., 393, 394, 395, 428, 432, 434, 4^8, 441, 448. Confederate States Bible Society, 268. Congregational Library at Boston, owns an Eliot Bible, 379. Congress, petitioned to import Bibles, 55, 56; report made bv, 57. 58- Connectit It, early printing in, 348, 349- Connecticut Jiible Society, organi- z.ition of, 261. Connecticut Historical Society, owns copies of the Eliot Bible, 379 ; owns an Aitken Bible, 384. Conwell, Rt. Rev. Henry, gives his approbation to the first edi- tion of the Cummiskey Bible, 161. Cook, Rev. Joseph W., translator, ^03. Cooke, D.D.,LL.I)., Rev. Henry, edits the Self-Inter[)reting Jilble, 112. Cooperstown, N. Y., 264, 427, 428, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 43^1. 437. 439. 44°. 44i. 442, 444. 445' 447- Copenhagen, Royal Library of, owns copies of the Eliot I'.ible, 376, 378 ; owns Saur ISible, 380. Corinthians, 395, 396, 407, 43b, 438, 457, 458. Cottage Bible, 208; price of, 457. Cotton, Rev. John, aids Mr. Eliot in the second edition of his Bible, 13- Cotton, Josiah, once owned an Eliot Bible, 20, 21. Cree, St. John in, 315 ; Four Cos- pels in, 315; Epistles in, 315; New Testament in, 315, 31b; Prayer-book in, 315; various editions, 403, 406, 407, 408, 459. Cressons, Calel), visit to the print- ing-office of Isaac Collins made 1>y, 93, 94- Croly, George, translator, 430, Curious versions ; of the Psalms, 230, 231 ; of the Book of Job, 228 ; of the Gospel of St. Mat- thew, 233 ; of the I ^ord's Prayer, 229 ; of the Apostolic Epistles, 233. 234; of various ])assages through typographical errors, 236, 237, 238; of the New Tes- tament, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235. Gushing, Hon. William, copy of the Eliot Bible once owned by, 22. Gutter, Laura Eliot, owns an Eliot Bible, 17, 20; price paid for Eliot Bible by, 17, 20, 379. Dnbney, John P., edits New Tes- tament, 359, 3()0. Dakota, extent cf publications in, 29(); Genesis in, 297, 298, 299; Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuter- onomy in, 299 ; First Four Books of Moses in, 299; Psalms in, 298, 299 ; Joshua, Judges, and Rutli in, 297 ; I'roverbs, I'lccle- siastes, Song of Solomon, and Isaiah in, 299; Jeremiah, Eze- kiel, Daniel, and the Minor Projibets in, 299 ; St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke, and St. John in, 298; Acts in, 298: Epistles of St. Paul in, 298 ; Revelation in, 298 ; entire Bible in, 300; various editions in, 398, 399, 400, 440, 441, 443. Daniel, 403, 404, 41 ,, 449, 452. Danish Bible, 449, 452. Dartmouth College, honors Isaiah Thomas, 87 ; owns two copies of the Eliot ISible, 378. I)aven])ort, R' '"us, issues the Right-Aim School Bible, 22 .; ; author of Free-Debt Rules, 222, 223 ; personal grievances of. 'i',^ Index. 469 223, 224; issues also Free-Debt Testamont, 343. Davis, Jolin, translator, 295. Day, Mills, issues prospectus of a Hebrew Bible, 122. Day, Sherman, settlement of Penn- sylvania by Germans narrated by, 149, 150. Daye, Stephen, early printer of Cambridge, 3. Dayton, O.', 254, 258, 457. Du' rfield, 391, 424. Definition Testament, 363; price of, 429. Delaware, early publications print- ed in State .of, 34S. Delaware Indian language. Har- mony of the Gospels in, 273; Epistles of St. John in, 273; History of Our J.ord in, 273, 274; Forty-six Select Scripture Narratives from the Old Testa- ment in, 274; various editions in, 386, 398, 425, 427, 440. Dencke, Rev. C F., translator, 273- Detroit, 404, 451. Devens, Richard, author of a par- aphrase on Job, 337. Devereux, Nicholas, issued a school Testament, 163. Devonshire, Duke of, owns a copy of the i:iiot liible, 370. Devotional l'"amily ISible, 206; pri. e of, 437. Dexte-, D.D., Rev. Henry M., library of the late, contains a copy of the Kliot ]5iblc, 379. Dianrind Hible, smuggled into tlie United States, 2lS 219; jirlce of, 439. Dick, A. L., engraver, 251, 252. Dickinson, Rev. Rodolphus, translates the New Testament, 213, 214. Dissertations on the Prophecies, 38S; ]irice of, 411. District of ("()]uinl)ia. ^56, t^i,";. Doddridge, D.D., ReV. I'liilip, edits "The Family Expositor,'' 202. Doolittle, Amos, engraver, 241, 242. Dore, J. R., quoted in regard to Douay l!il)les, 158. Dorian, Louis, interpreter, 296, 297. Dotterer, Henry S., owns a copy of the Saur IJible, 382. Douay Pible, first edition issued by Carey, Stewart & Co., 71, 158; price of, 411; other edi- tions, 158, 159, I bo, i6i, i()2, 164, 165, 166, tf-,7, 168, 177, 178, 41b, 428, 430, 433, 434, 435. 437. 43«, 439, 44i. 444, 445, 447, 44^, 449, 45o> 451- 452, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459- Dresden, Royal Library of, owns a Saur IJible, 380. Drexel, Joseph W., library of the late, contains a co]iy of the I^liot ]!il)le, 377; i)rice for VXvA liible paid by, 379. Dubuque, 404, 452. Duffield, Rev. (jcorge, reports on the Aitken Memorial to Con- gress, 58. Dunlap, William, designed the frontispiece to the Hrown Self- hiterjireting ]5ible, 104, 243. Dunster, Rev. Henry, first press in (.!aml)ridge owied by, 3. Dutch Testament, 456. ICanies, Wilberforce, owns a copv of the J'-Iiot liible, 379; ])rice paid for Eliot liible by, 17, 380. J'^arl of Sjiencer, library of, con- tains co])ies of the ICliot Bible, 37f', 37''^- I'.astburn, I).D.,]\I., commentator, 43S. I'-beling, Dr. C. D., once owned a copy of the Eliot Bible, 18 Ecclesiastes, 403, 406, 446, 450, 455- Eddy, Isaac, engraver, 336. Edinluirgh Library, owns a copy of the Eliot Testament, 376. Edinburgh Library of Advocates, owns an Eliot Bible, 378. ■^ 470 Index. lulinhurgh University, owns a copy of the Kliot Bible, 378. Edmunds, All)trt J., his opinion of Charles Thomson's transla- tion, 119, 120. Edwards, Howard, o\vi>s copies of the Saur Bible, 381, 382; owns a copy of the Aitken Bible, 384. Edwards, Rev. John, translator, Edwards, D.D., Rev. Jonathan, translator, 284. Edwin, David, engraver, 251. Electrotyping ajiplied to the Il- luminated Bible, 210. Eliot, Dr. Ellswortli, owns an Eliot Bil)le, ^79; price paid for Eliot Bil)le bV. 380. Eliot, John, arrives in New Eng- land, I ; learns the Indian lan- guage, 2 ; translates portions of Scripture, 3 ; translates the New Testament, 4 ; begins a transla- tion of the entire Bible, 12; second edition appe.irs, 14; gave copy of his Bible to Tlu)mas Shepard, 21 ; death of, 22 ; titles a|iplied to, 22, 23. Eliot I>ible, published in 1663, 6 ; English and Indian title-pages of, 6, 7; second edition, 14; errors corrected, 15; noted copies of, 19, 20, 21, 22; prices th.1t h.ave been olitained for the, 16, 17. 379. 380. Eliot Testament, appeared in 1661, 4: English and Indian title- pages of, 6, 7 ; second edition appears, 14; how jiresentation copies were disposed of, 5; libraries that have copies of, 6' 37'^' ; prices that havt been obtained for, 16, 379. Eli/abethtown, N. J., 347, 387, 393. 4", 429, 432, 435, 437. Ellis, Rev. Dr., his opinion of the Algonquian language, 10, il. Elhvood, T., commentator, 348, 387. Ely, D.D,, Pev. Ezr. Stiles, as- sisted in editing the Collateral Bible, 206. Engles, Joseph P., edited the Polymicrian Testament, 138. Engravings of early Bibles, dififi- culties of making, 239 ; obscu- rity of many engravers, 257; quality of, 258. Ephesians, 396, 402, 406, 407, 437, 447, 455. 456, 457- Ephrata, early settlement of, 149, 150; Psalms and New Testa- ment printed at, 15 1, 381, 388, 411, 412, 413. Errors in printing liibles, 9, 15, 171, 236, 237, 23S. Etheridge, LL. D., J. W., edited in lOngland the Syriac Peshito New Testament, 128. Evans, Rev. James, invented syl- labic ch.aracters for the Chip- pewa language, 316, 317. Everett, Hon. lulward, copy of the Eliot Bible once owned by, 19- Everett, Ph.D., William, owns a copy of the Eliot Bible, 377. Exeter, N. H., 355, 430, 434. Fairm.an, Clideon, engraver, 248, 249. Falmouth, Me., early printing at, 356. Family Expositor, Doddridge's, 202 ; price of, 41 7. Fanshaw, I^aniel, sketch of, JiZh 334. 335- Fell, Dr. John, copy of the Eliot Bible once owned by, 21. Fenton, Ferrar, translator, 236. Fischer, Rev. Johannes J. G., translator, 326. Fishburn, Rev. W. 11., owns a copy of the Saur Bible, 381. Fleming, John, desires to ])rini a Bible, 52; his propo;;:'!, 52, 53, 54- Fletcher, D.D., Rev. Alexander, edits the Devotional Family Bible, 206. Folsoni, David, translator, 290. .O' Index. 471 Foreman, Stephen, translator, 279. Fowle, Zechariah, early printer of Boston, 74. Francis, C, ([uoted, 12. Frankfort-on-the-Main, City Li- brary of, owns a Saur Bible, 39, 41, 380. Franklin, \. II., 401, 445. Franklin, Benjamin, thanked Dr. Luther for aiding the Saur Bible, 42 ; version of verses from Job made by, 228. Fredericktown, Md., 392, 425. Freeman, Rev. Bernardus, trans- lator, 280, 281. French 15ible, 423, 426, 433, 450, 456. P'rench Testament, first American, 339 ; price of, 419 ; first Cana- dian, 313, 314; price of, 446; other editions, 429, 452. Friends' Free Library of 'Jer- mantown, owns a copy of the Saur IJible, 382. Gaine, Hugh, issues an edition of the New Testament, loi ; prints a i2mo Bible, no. Galatians, 407, 437, 456, 457. Galloway, James, commentator, 419. Gardiner, John L., owns a copy of the Elio't Bible, 377. Gardinier, Frederick, commen- tator, 456. Gebhardt, von. Dr., letter from, 40. Ged, William, first stereotyper, 191. Genesis, 278, 279, 283, 285, 289, 290, 298, 395, 398, 401, 403, 406, 409, 411, 419, 433, 435, 437,440, 443, 446, 449, 452, 455- Geneva, 111., 406, 455. Georgetown, 1). C, 159, 356, 424. Georgia, New Testament printed in. 357- German Bible, published by Vung- mann, 49 ; preface of, 49, 1^0 ; price of, 416; fioeb's edition, 153 ; price of, 421 ; folio edition of Biir, 154; price of, 42; ; quarto edition of Kimber & .Sharpless, 155; price of, 429; various edi- tions, 396, 400, 407, 41b, 421, 425, 429, 432, 435, 436, 437, 444. 447. 450- German Testament, Ephrata edi- tion of 1787, 151, 152; price of, 411; first edition of Billmeyer, 151; price of, 411; edition of Goeb, 153; price of, 422; edi- tion of Bar, 155 ; price of, 427; edition of Kimber & Shar])less, 155 ; price of, 441 ; various edi- tions, 152, 153, 154, 155, 38(-), 387. 388, 390, 392, 393, 394, 406, 411, 413, 414, 4ih, 417, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 42b, 427, 429, 430, 431, 432, 441, 442, 447, 449, 450, 452. German Society of Philadelphia, owns a Saur Bible, 382. Germania Society of Chicago, owns a Saur Bible, 381. Gerniantown, Pa., 30, 151, 152, 386, 387, 390, 391, 393, 410, 411, 413, 416, 417, 420, 422, 427, 430. Gilfillan, Archdeacon J. A., trans- lator, 273. Gimbrede, Joseph N., engraver, 245, 246. Gimbrede, Thomas, engraver, 245. Goeb, Friedrich, prints the first Cierman Bdile in western Penn- sylvania, 153, 154. Godshall, Debora, owns a Saur Bible, 382. Goodrich, Jeremiah, edits the Def- inition Testament, 187. Gospel of St. Matthew, 272, 274, 275, 278, 280, 285, 289, 292, 295. 297. 302, 3""'. 3 "9. 394. 396, 398, 399. 400, 401, 402, 403, 405, 406, 410, 414, 431, 433, 434, 438, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 448, 450,451, 453. 454, 45b, 457; St. Mark, 279, 284, 289, 292, 295, 319, 320, 39?. 398, 400, 401, 402, 406, 408, 432, 433. 440, 441, 442, 444, 445, 45b, 458; St. Luke, 472 Index. 272, 274, 275, 278, 280, 285, 289, 292, 295, 297, 302, 316, 319; St. John, 269, 272, 275, 277, 278, 284, 286, 287, 292, 295. 297. 315. 395. 397. 39?. 399, 400, 401, 403, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 425, 433, 437, 438, 439. 440, 442, 443. 444. 445, 446, 450, 452, 455, 458. Gotlia, Ducal I.iljrary of, owns a Saur Bible, 380. Greek Testament, first American, 133, price of, 414; various edi- tions, 393, 394, 396, 397, 39S, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 4c;, 407, 40S, 414, 422, 427, 428,429, 430, 431. 433. 435. 437. 438, 439. 440. 441. 442, 443. 444. 445. 446, 447. 44^. 449. 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 459. Greenfield, Mass., 391, 392, 416, 420, 422, 424. Greenfiekl, William, edited Greek Testament, 139. Grenville, Hon. Thomas, received an Kli(jt IJilile from Hon. Ed- ward I'",verett, 19. Grube, Rev. Bernard A., transla- tor, 273. Gunther, C F., owns an l^liot Testament and two Bibles, 20, 376, 377, ,1; price jiaid for Kliot Bible liy, 379 ; owns copies of the Saur Bible, 381, 382; owns a copy of the Aitken Bible, Ilaeberlin, Dr. J., owns Dr. Lu- ther's copy of tlie Saur I5ible, 34. 35. 41 ; information con- cern in tj Luther given by, 42. ILigcrstown, Ind., 358. Halifax, 405, 418, 452. Hall, Henry B., engraver, 252, Hall, Rev. Sherman, translator, 272. Haniell, Rev. Dr., edits a Douay Biiile, 164. Hamilton, C!an., 320, 400, 443. Hamilton, Rev. William, trans- lator, ^02. Hancock, John, leaves money to print a Testament for the poor, 325- Hanover, Royal Library of, owns a Saur Bible, 380. Hare, Francis, edits an edition of tlie I'salms in Hebrew, 122. Harley, Mrs. Samuel, owns a Saur Bible, 382. Harmony of the Gospels, 3S6, 391, 396, 401, 403, 404, 405, 407, 409, 418, 422, 450, 452, 453, 457. 458- Harmony of the Kings and Pro- pliets, 434. Harris, Rev. Thompson S., trans- lator, 2S8. Hanisburg, 154, 3S8, 394, 414, 432, 447- Hartford, 389, 391, 392, 393, 394, 39f. 34- Heinricli de Bunan, Count, re- ceives a copy of tlie Saur Bilile from Luther, 38, 39. Henfjstenberg, D.I)., Rev. E. W., commentator, 248. Henry, J., engraver, IC4. Henry, Rev. Mattliew, commen- tator, 202, 203. Henry's Exposition, 203 ; price of, : 423- I Hess, William, translator, 285, i 286. Ilewett, W. n., designer for a Rheims Testament, 177. Hieroglyphic Bible, 2 1 1, 391, 411, 412, 425. Hildebrand. Karl, issued the first stereoty])ed Bible in tlermany, 191, U)2. Hildebiirn, Charles R., owns an ICliot Bible, 377; price paid for i'",lii)t Jtible by, 3S0. Hill, II. A., translator, 284. ; Hill, John, translator, 320. Hill i\: Wilkes, translators, 285. Hinman, Rev. Samuel 1)., trans- i lator, 303. Hitcliin, Alfred, owns an Ailkcn r.ibic, 3S4. Hoar, Hon. Cleorge F., owns a cujiv of the .\itkcn JSible, 65, 384- Hobart, D.D., Rt. Rev. John H., ! edits the D'Oylcy and Mant ' I5ibie, 205 ; founder of the New V. 1>., Rev. Charles, com- mentator, 45*), 458. Hodge, Allen i^ Campbell, ask ap- proval of State authorities to publish a IMble, XQZ. Hodge iV Cjupbell, issue first Bible in State of New York, 104, 105. ] HoUingsworth, Sumner, owns an Eliot Bible, 377. Homer, D. D., Rev. Tonath.an, edits the Colundiian Bible, 209. lioogland, William, engraver, 253. Horden, D.D., Rt. Rev. John, translator, 315. Home, D.D., I'rof. A. R., owns a Saur Bible, 382. Ilorne, D.D., Rev. George, com- mentator, 402. Home, D.D., Rev. T. H., quoted, 114, 115, 126, 127, 206, 338, 339- Hot I'ress Bible, 253; price of, 414. Hubbard, Lucius L., owns copies of the Eliot liiblc, 21, 379. Hudson, x\. v., 389, 391, 392, 424. Hughes, D.D., Rt. Rev. John, approves of editions of the Douay Bible, 163, 165, 166. Hurst, D.D.. LL.I)., Rev. John I'., owns an Eliot Bible, 379; owns copies of Saur Bible, 38 1, 3S2 ; owns an Aitken Bible, 384. Husenbeth, D.D., Rev. E. 'c, edited Douay Bible, 178. Hutchinson, Richard, had the dis- posal of a number of Eliot Tes- taments, 5. Hyde, Edward, received a copy of the J'",liot TesMment, 5. H\(le, Jabez B., translator, 287. Hyjionoia, 401. Icazbalceta, Senor Joaquin Gar- cia, (|Uoted concerning a ]\Iex- ican book, 304. Illuminated Bible, 2Io; price of, 445- Indian Commission of the Epis- copal Church, 273. Indian translations, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 277, 278, 27c), 280, 2S2, 2S3, 284. 285, 28b, 287, 288, 28c), 290, 2qi, 292, 21)3, 295, 29(1, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 315, 3i6, 318, 319, 320, 321. 386, 3S7, 392, 2f)?>' 394, 395. 396. 397. 398, 474 Index. 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 40b, 407, 408, 409, 410, 42s. 4?7. 431. 432, 433. 435. 43*^. 437. 438, 439. 44°. 44i. 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 455. 457. 459. 46o- Iowa dialect, translation in, 302, Iroquoian, early printing in, 276, 277. Irwin, Rev. S. M., translator, 30a. Irwin, Theodore, owns an histor'C Eliot Bible, 21, 377; owns copies of the Saur liible, 381, 382 ; price paid for Saur Bible l*y. Z^Z ; owns a copy of the Aitken Hil)le, 384; price paid for Aitken Bible by, 384. Isaiah, 215, 398, 401, 408, 412, 413, 415, 423, 43b, 440, 442, 443. 459. 460. Italian Testament, 452. Jacobs, Dr., letter of, 37. Jacobs, Rev. Peter, translator,3i8. James, Dr. Edwin, translator, 271. James, Epistle of St., 397, 401, 403, 404, 438, 443, 446, 448, 451- Jaqut-tt, Joseph, edited a Hebrew Bible, 124. Jay, John, his opinion of the intel- lectual ability of Charles Thom- son, 118. Jenks, D.D., Rev. William, com- mentator, 454. Job, 403, 407, 413, 429, 430, 440, 449. 455. 457. 459- John, Epistles ot St., 397, 398, 399, 400, 402, .^o8, 418, 425, 438, 443, 447, 453, 460. Jones, Rev. Evan, translator, 279. Jones, John, translator, 272. Jones, I'eter, transla'oi, 272. Joshua, 401, 404, 444, 450, 451. I Jude, Epistle cf St., 408, 43S, j 453- Judges, 401, 404, .|44, 450, 451. Judson, Rev. Dr., translator, 266. Kallifleisch, Charles H., lil)raryof the late, contains a copy of tlie ! Eliot Bible, 16, 377; price paid for the Eliot Bible by, 16, 380. Kearny, Francis, engraver, 246, 247. Keelor, M.D., Reinhard, owns a copy of the Saur Bible, 382. Keene, N. II., 355, 425, 441. Kelker, Rudolph F., owns a copy of the Saur Bible, 381. Kellogg, J. G., engraver, 198. Kelly, Thomas, engraver, 249, 250. Kennett, Rt. Rev. White, once the owner of an VXwX. Bible, 20. Kenrick, Archbishoj) Francis P., makes a translation of the Douay Bible, 157, 166, 167, 168; sketch of, 168, 169. Kentucky Auxiliary Bible Society, 426. Keyserlingk, Count, received a Saur Bible from Dr. Luther, 36, 37- Kiefer, Charles M., owns a copy of the Saur Bible, 382. King, Dr. Charles R., owns an Eliot Bible, 379. King, Hon. Rufus, once owned an Eliot Bible, 19. Kings, First and Second Book of, 405, 450, 453. Kirkland, Frazer, quoted, 68. Kittery, Me., 356, 434. Kneeland, Rev. Abner, edits a CJreek and English Testament, 136. KoUock, Shepard, early printer of New Jersey, 347. Lacombe, Father, translator, 316. Lafayette College, owns a Saur Bible, 381. Lafayette, Marquis de, aids M. Carey, 68, 69. Lanc.ister, Pa., 388, 391, 392, 393, 413, 414, 421, 423, 425, 427, 429. Larchier, 1). D., Rev. Nathaniel, clironological list arranged by, I.S.3- r^awson, Alexander, engraver, 253- "■, Index. 475 /] 1 Lebanon, Pa., 398, 441, 442. Lee, Rev. Chauncey, commenta- tor, 389. Lecser, Rev. Isaac, edits the Pen- tateuch, 124. Leicester, 426, Leiter, Levi Z., owns an Eliot Hiijle, 379; price paid for Eliot Hihle by, 380. Leney, William S., engraver, 253, 254- Lenox Lil)rary, owns copies of the Eliot Testament and Hible, 37^ 377. 378; P'ii^e paid for Eliot Testament by, 379 ; owns copies of the Saur Bible, 381, 382 ; owns copies of the Aitken IJible, 384. Leusden, Dr. John, edits the Greek Testament, 134, 136. Lewis, William K., owns a copy of the Aitken Bible, 384. Lexington, Ky., 426. Leyden University, owns an Eliot Bible, 19, 378. Library Company of Phila(kli)liia, osvns Charles Thomson's Bible, 118, 119; owns co]iies of the Eliot Bible, 377, 378 ; owns copies of the Saur Bible, 384. Library of Congress, owns copies of the Eliot Bible, 377 ; owns a copy of the Haur Bible, 381 ; owns a copy of the Aitken Bible, 65, 384; ])rice paid for Aitken Bible liy, 65, 384. Lieberkuhn, Rev, Samuel, trans- lator, 274. Life of Christ, 387, 388, 389, 390, 392, 397. 415. 419. 425. 426, 427. Life of David, 387, 388, 414. Life of Joseph, 388, 389, 413, 414. Livermore, A. A., commentator, 401. Livermore, George, library of the late, contains copies of the Eliot Testament and Bil)le, 376, 377, 379- Longacre, James B., engraver, 254- Long Island Historical Society, owns an Eliot Bible, 378 ; owns a Saur Bible, 382. Longking, Joseph, commentator, 401. Lord, D. H., commentntor, 394. Lord's Prayer, versions of, 229, 284. Loughridge, D.D., Rev. Robert M., translator, 295. Louisville, Ky., 214, 357, 444. Lowell, 430. Lowrey, (jeorge, translator, 278. Lowth, D.D., Rt. Rev. Robert, translator, 215, 339, 362. Luckenbach, Rev. Abraham, translator, 274. Lunenburg, Mass., 250, 393, 426, 428, 429, 430, 431, 433. Luther, Ileinrich Ehrenfried, pre- sented .Saur with a font of type, 29, 30; received twelve Bibles from Saur, 33 ; Bil)Ies presented to libraries and individuals, 34, 35. 3' Mexico, early ])rinting in, 304; early translation of portions of Scripture in, 305, 306; editions of the Bible issued in, 307, 308, 309. 310, 311, 394, 396, 433. 437- Micmac, St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke, and St. John in, 319; the I'ipistles and Revelation in, 319; various editions, 405, 451, 452- Middlctown, Conn., 352, 434. Miller, Rev. l)aniel L., owns cop- ' ies of the .Saur liible, 381, 382. Millerite Testament, 233; price of, 44S. • Minnesota Historical Society, owns [ a Saur Bible, 382. I Missioiiiiiy J/tT(iU, first transla- ! tion of Scripture into C'herokee published in, 278. Mohawk, (leiiesis, Ivvodus, and I'salms in, 280; Isaiah in, 287; St. Matthew in, 280, 285 ; .St. Mark in, 283, 284; St. J,uke I in, 284, 2S1;; St. John in, 284, I 287; Acts and the l'",]>istles in, 2S0, 285, 280 ; Revelation in, I 286; various editions, 380, 387, 3^)?,y 395. 39^, 397. 400, 404. 409, 4'o, 425, 426, 437. 43^. \ 440; prayer-books in, 281, 282, [ 283, 2S(>, 320. \ Montreal, 320, 400, 408, 444, 459. Moose I'actory, 459. I Moose Fort, 40S. Morals, LL.l)., Rev. S., edited a ' Hebrew Bible, 123. Morgan, Jonathan, transl.ator, 214, , 232, 35(>. Morgan, J. I'ierpont, owns an [ Kliot liible, 20, 377 ; ])rice paid ! tor I'Jiot Bible by, 3S0. Morristown, X. J., 348, 416. Morse Listitute, owns an Eliot i iiil'lc, 378. Mpwongwe, St. John in, 450. Murdock, I). I)., Rev. James, translates the New Tesuiment from the Syriac I'eshito, 128; sketch of, r3i, 132. Murphy Library sale, 2S2, 2S3. Murray, Archbishop, edited the Douay Bible, 157. Xarv, Rev. James C, translator, • 150. X.ashville, 357, 457. National Library of Mexico, con- Index 477 tains iincii-nt manuscript of a portion of Scripture in the Mex- ican lan^ua<;e, ^od. National l-ibrary at Paris, owns copies of tlic J'lliot Uible, 376, Ncatjle, John !>., engraver, 247, 24S. Ncllcs, Kev. Abraliani, translator, .?20. Newark, N. J., 34^- New Jicrlin, I'a., ,^92. Nuwherry Library of Chicago, owns a Saur liible, 3S1 ; price paid for Saur jiiblc by, 383. New lirunswick, N. J., 347, 34S, 3S8, 414. Newl)ury, Vt., 354. Newburyi)ort, ^lass., 361, 412, 415, 422. Newconie, Archbishop, translator, 418. New ilchota, 394, 395, 431, 435. New Knglanil I'salter, 410. New Hampshire, early i)rinting i", 354- New l!am])shire liible Society, organization of, 261. New Ilave.i, 349, 390, 411, 412, 413, 418, 419, 425, 435, 441, 412. New Ipswich, N. II., 355i 424- New Jersey liible Society, organ- ized, 261. New London, Conn., 348, 349, 388, 413, 445. New Testament, as revised and corrected by the Spirits, 225, 22() ; i)rice of, 460. Newlon, I'isho]), commentator, 3S7. New York, 99, loi, 109, iio, ill, 128, 132, 139, 140, 157, 163, 164, 1(15, i()6, 107, l6g, 177, 178, 180, 181, 193, 196, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 219, 225, 235, 240. 241, 242, 245, 24(1, 252, 2;;4, 256, 257, 282, 286, 328, 329, 330, 331, T,i2, 2>:^:•^^ 587, 388, 389, 390, 391, 393, 394. 395. 39^1. 397. 39S, 39<), 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 4(^5, 40b, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 41b, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 42b, 427, 428, 429, 43". 431. 43^. 433. 434. 435. 43''. 437. 43^. 439. 44". 44'. 442, 443, 444, 445, 44b, 447, 44S, 449, 450, 431, 452, 453, 4S4. 455. 456. 457. 458. 459. 4bo. New \'ork I'liblo and Prayer IJook Society, organized, 2bi. New Vork District liible Society, 2S4. New \ ork lli>ti)rical Society, owns a co[)y of the VXwA liible, 378- New York House of Assend)ly, passes resolutions in regard to the Self- Interpreting liible, 102. New York Missionary Society, 287, 288. New York State Library, owns a copy of the Kliot Iiil)le, 378. Northamjiton, Mass., 362, 388, 413. 415- North Wrenthani, Mass, 404. Norton, Rev. Andrews, commen- tator, 45(). Nourse, James, edits the Para- graph liible, 180; sketch of, 181, 182. Noyes, George R., translator, 360, 394. 439. 445. 44<'i- O'C'allaghan, quoted, 9, 152, 171, 314. 350- Ogilvic, Kev. John, translator, ^282. Ojibwa, translations in, 395, 396, 397. 39'*^. 4- Parajjraph Testament, 179, 180, 184, 430, 436, 438. Parker, (i., engraver, 254. Park Hill, 397, 398, 399," 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 440, 442, 443, 444, 446, 447, 448, 451, 452, 453, 455, 457. Parthujore, K. W. S., owns a Saur Hihle, 381. Patrick, Hishop, commentator, 445- Patton, Rev. William, commenta- tor, 171, 208. Peltun, Oliver, engraver, 254, 255. Pennsylvania Hil)le Society, 260. Pennsylvania Historical Society, owns a copy t .' the Kliot Hiiile, 378 ; owns copies of the Saur Hihle, 381, 3H2 ; owns a copy of the Aitken Hible, 384. Pennyi>acker, LI. I)., Hon. Sam- uel \V., owns copies of the Saur Bible, 381, 382 ; owns an Aitken Bible, 384. Perry, D.D., Rt. Rev. W. S., quoted, 324, 325. Peter, Epistles of St., 402, 438, 447, 450. 453. 460. Philadelphi.a, editions printed at, 56, 59, 60, 72, 114, 121, 124, 1.37. 13R. 139. 140, 152, 155. 158, 161, 180, 181, 192, 200, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209, 213, 214, 219, 235: z:<,% 247, 248, 249, 25b, 257, 3. 402, 403. 404. 4t>5. 406, 407, 408, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434. 435. 43<'. 437. 44°. 44 1. 442, 443, 444. 445. 446. 447. 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453. 454. 455. 456, 457. 45X. 459- . Philadelphia i^ible .Society, organi- zation of, 260 ; name chiinged, 260 ; issues the first stereotyped Bible in the United States, 192. Philemon, Epistle to, 396, 438, 460. Philes, George P., owns an Aitken Bible, 384. Phonetic Testament, 219, 220; jirice of, 448. Pickering, Dr. John, once owned a copy of the ICliot Testament, 21. Pilgrim Society of Plymouth, owns a copy of the Eliot Bible, 22, .378. Pilling, James C, qnoted, 275, 276, 277, i»84, 288, 289, 296, 300. Pittsburgh, 365, 392, 398, 425, 433. 434. 441- . Poe, Edgiir A., indorses a Greek publication, 140. Polyglot lUble, 209, 2 ID, 390, 391, 392, 396, 399. 401, 43*'. 43"^. 441, 442, 445, 447. Polyglot Testament, 441. Polymicrian Testament, 138, 139, 398, 399. 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 441, 442, 444, 446, 447, 448, 451, 454, 455. Pond, Gideon H., translator, 298. Pope Pius IX., letters from, 166. Portland, Me.. 214,232,356,448. .Portsmouth, N. H., 388, 413. Portuguese Bible, 449, 457. Portuguese Testament, 441. \^: Index, 479 Pottawotomi, translations in, 275. Power, Kcv. Jt)lin, commentator, 212. Pratt, Col. C. W., library of the late, contains copy of an liliot J{il)le, 379. Prayer-hook, 281, 282, 283, 286, 287. 303. 315. 320. 3«('. 387. 40C), 410, 411, 418, 420, 425. Prince of Oran^je, once owiieil a copy of tlie I'^liot 'i'estament, 20. Princeton, 180, 181. Prommnciny Hible, 188, 428, 429, 454- Pronouncing Testament, 186, 1 427, 428, 431, 438. Proverbs, 235, 387, 402, 404, 410, 411, 446, 447, 451, 459. Providence, 35b, 427. Psalms, 364, 387, 388, 390, 391, 393. 394, 398, 399. 402, 404, 406, 407, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 417, 418, 420, 421, 422, 423, 429, 430, 433, 440, 442, 445. 44^, 449. 452, 455. 457. 458, 4bo. Psalterium Aniericanum, 336 ; price of, 409. Putnam, C. II., commentator, 214. Pyrliviis, Rev. Johann C, trans- 'lator, 283. Quaritch, Hernard, 16, 306. (^)uebec, 320, 387, 410, 446. Ramirez, Don Jose Fernando, Mexican manuscript in the li- brary of the late, 305. Rand, Rev. Silas T., translator, 3'^. 319- Rayner, Rev. Menzies, edited a catechism of the Bilile, 350. Reading, Pa., 49, 150, 416. Renville, Joseph, translator, 297. Revelation, 390, 394, 395, 396, 397, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 408, 417, 419, 435, 438, 439, 443. 444. 450. 453- Reynolds, D.D., Rev. Edward, presented a copy of the Eliot Testament, 5. Reynolds, D.D., Rev. John, trans- lator, 156. Rheims Testament, 416, 419, 433, 424, 428, 430, 432, 434, 441, 442. 449. 450. 45 «. 454. 457. 45«- Richmond, 358, 389, 414. Right-.Vim Hible, 222 ; price of, 43<'- Right-.\im Testament, 436. Rind, William, early printer of Virginia, 89. Robertson, Ann E. W., transla- tor, 29b. Rol)inson, 1 ).!)., Kev. lulward, e(lited the (ireek Testament, Riiclicster, X. V., 448, 453. Rollinson, William, engraver, 239, 240. Romans, 389, 400, 403, 404, 405, 40b, 407, 444, 452, 454, 459. Rowley, Abraham, writer on Job, 212. Ruland, Dr. C, letter quoted, 40. Rumpeler, Rev. C;al)riel, edits a (lerman Hil)le, 164, 165. Rui)persburg, Dr., Saur Bible given to, 37. Rushow, James, owns a Saur Bible, 183. Ryle, D.D., Rev. J. C, com- mentator, 460. Sacred Writings, 395 : price of, 434- Salem, N. Y., 364, 417. Samuel, Books of, 450. Sanbornton, N. II., 396, 437. Saratoga Springs, 435. Sartain, John, engraver, 25b. Saur, Catharine, rescues ten copies of the Saur Bible, 47. Saur, Christopher, early life of, 24; imi)orts Bibles, 25; sets up a press, 2b; prints the first German almanac, 2b, 27 ; an- ecdote of, 27 ; publishes the first Cierman hymn-book in America, 27, 28; issues Pro- posal for a Bible, 28, 29; re- ceives a font of type from Dr. Luther, 29, 30 ; Bible appears, 30 ; sends twelves copies to Dr. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 1.1 1^12^ |Z5 ■^ iii2 |2.2 1^ 1^ 12.0 II I |||I.25|||U|||,.6 ^ 6" > '/i V Fhotographic Sciences Corparation \ iV SJ .,, ^ *■ 33 WIST MAIN STM IT WnSTER.N.Y. I45t0 (716)«72-4S03 '^ 48o Index. Luther in Germany, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37. 38, 39. 40, 41 ; h's dis- couragements, 42, 43; his gen- erosity to the poor, 43 ; his (leath, 44. Saur, Christopher, the second, succeeds his father, 44; issues second edition of the German Bible, 44, 45 ; issues the third, 46; leaves Germantown, 47; his death, 47. Saur, Christopher, the third, con- tinues the business of his father, 48. Saur, Samuel, early printer of Baltimore, 152, 344. Saur Bible, prospectus of, 28, 29 ; title-page, 30; translation and collation, 31 ; preface, 31, 32, 33 ; presentation copies, 33, 34, 35. 36, 37. 38. 39. 40, 41. 42, and price of, 48 ; second edition issued, 44; preface, 45, 46, and price of, 48 ; third edition, 46, 47, and price of, 48. Sawyer, L. A., translator, 458. Schoff, Stephen A., engraver, 255- Schoolcraft, LL.D., Henry R., translator, 272 ; once owned an Eliot Bible, 21. Schott, Dr. T., letter from, 36. Scott, D.D., Rev. Thomas, com- mentator, 200, 201, 202. Scott's Family Bible, 200, 201, 202, 416, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 425, 430, 433, 438. Seabury, 1). D., Rt. Rev. Samuel, translator, 230, 231. Self-Interpreting Bible, first edi- tion, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109; price of, 412; other editions, no, in, 112, 416, 426, 427, 429, 435, 459. Sellon, Rev. Mr., edits an abridged Bible, 351. Seneca, I.ord's Prayer in, 287; St. Matthew, St. Luke, and St. John in, 287, 288, 289; Four Gospels in, 289 ; various edi- tions, 392, 426, 432. Septuagint, Thomson's translation of, 113, 114; its great e.\cel- lence, 114, 115; quotations from, 115, 116; tribute paid it by scholars, 119, 120, 12I ; price of, 418. Sermons by the bushel, 349. Seymour, Joseph, engraver, 13, 243- Shawanoe, translations in, 274, 275. 399. 438, 443- Shea, John G., quoted, 15, 158, 161, 176, 177. Sheldon Art Museum, owns an Aitken Bible, 384. Shepard, Thomas, received an In- dian Bible from John Eliot, 21. Sherman, Roger, once owned an Aitken Bible, 65. Shillaber, W. B., owns an Eliot Testament and Bil)le, 21, 377, 379 ; price paid for Eliot Bible by, 380. Short, Thomas, early printer of Connecticut, 348, 349. Shryock, D. W., owns a Saur Bible, 382. Smillie, James, engraver, 355, 356. Smillie, James D., engraver, 256. Smith, Julia E., translator, 234. Smith, W. H., owns an Aitken Bible, 384. Smuggled Bibles, 218, 219. Snyder, Mrs. John, owns a Saur I Bible, 382. I Some Nutalile Editions :• Testa- i ments, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, ! 224, 225; Bibles, 217, 218. Some Notable Title-pages : Book of Job, 212; Testaments, 212, 213, 214; Bibles, 211. Somerset, Pa., 151, 421, 422. ' Song of Songs, 409. Sower, Brook W., early printer of Baltimore, 344. Spanish Bibles, 394, 396, 428, 432, I 434. 4.SO. 455- Spanish Testaments, 393, 426,427, I 437. 449- ' Springfield, Mass., 362, 401, 443. I Stanford, N. Y., 389. Index. 481 I State Library at Harrisburg, owns a Saur Bible, 381. StaufTer, Abraham, owns a Saur Bible, 382. Stebbing, Rev. Henry, edited the Diamond Bible, 219. Stereotyped Bible, first in the United States, 192, 193, and price of, 420 ; first from Amer- ican-made plates, 193, and price of, 422 ; first quarto, 195, 196, and price of, 423 ; first folio, 198, and price of, 431. Stiles, Rev. Ezra, once owned an Eliot Bible, 21. Stolberg, Prince, once owned a Saur Bible, 37. Stuart, Rev. M., commentator, 395- Stuttgart, Royal Library of, owns copies of Eliot Bible, 376, 378 ; owns a Saur Bible, 380. Sumner, Rev. J. B. , commentator, 402. Swedenborgian Bible, 221, 222; price of, 439. Synopsis of the Four Evangel- ists, by Charles Thomson, 121 ; price of, 423. Syracuse, 364, 452. Syriac Peshito translation, vari- ous editions, 128; Dr. Mur- dock's edition, 128, 129; quota- tions from, 129, 130; described, 130, 131 ; price of, 449. Talley, Rev. A., translator, 291. Tanner, Benjamin, engraver, 242, 243- Tanner, John, translator, 272. Thessalonians, 396, 438, 456, 457, 460. Thomas, Isaiah, early life, 74 ; re- moves from Boston, 75 ; pub- lishes editions of the Bible, 79 ; founder of the American Anti- quarian Society, 87 ; his patriot- ism, 87; imprint of, 133, 211, 338. Thomas, Jr., Isaiah, publishes first Greek Testament, 133, 135. Thomas Bible, prospectus of, 76, 77i 78 ; two editions of, 79 ; 7- Worcester, D.D., Rev. Samuel A., translator, 278, 279; sketch of, 280. Wright, Rev. Alfred, translator, 290, 291, 292, 293; sketch of, 294. Wright, Rev. Allen, translator, 294, 295. Wright, Rev. .\sher, translator, 289 ; sketch of, "SS, 289. Wright, D.D., Rev. John, owns copies of the Saur Kible, 381, 382 ; owns an Aitken Hible, 384 ; price paid for Aitken Bible by, 384. Wright, D.D., Rev. Paul, edits Family Uible, 208. Yale College, owns an Kliot Bible, •9> 378; owns a Saur Bible, 381. York, 316, 394, 395, 433, 435. York Factory, 315, 403, 40b. Young, Rev. Kgerton R., explains the syllabic characters invented for the Cree Indians, 317. Young, J., translator, 288. Young Men's Bible Society, or- ganization of, 261. Yungmann, Clottlob, early German printer, 49, 149, 153. Zealand Academy of Science, owns an Kliot Bible, 377. Zeisberger, Rev. David, trans- lator, 274. Zephyrin, Father, translator, 275. Zumarraga, Fray Juan de, author of an jarly Mexican publication, 304. 305- #