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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 .;,■' 5 6 *f-. % T H E j#* 41' lXAMIM4Ma^Jf, IN WHAT IS BFI.lKVKt) TO BK INTELLiniBLC LANOUAUK, OP $hm not m| llaidligiMf f fliatiS : 1 . //o7Cf U. C. College came to be establish- ed in defiance of the Legislature. 2. How U. C. College has contrived to ab- sorb more than one-half of the Endowment of the Provincial University, 3. IV hy U. C. College has been so long per- mitted to remain a charge on the Grammar School Endowment. WithFullReferencestoOriginalDocumentts. -*~^^ » > Compiled by order of the Ontario Grammar School - " Masters' Association. <♦*»»■ ■y>^-:,j^"^'^-^r--^--.- DUN DAS: ■ •'■ •"•-»--''• PRINTED BY JA8. SOMERVILLB, "TRUE BANNER^ POWER PRESS. 1868. :-..'t4?^- ■■f«'«^ T FT t: Ql'KSTlON. 41 1.X4MI1AXI©M. IX WHAT Ifl HKMIVRt) TO RK tNTKM.KilBLE I.AMOI AK 1 //oic^ LI. C College came to he esfahlish- rd ill ilefiaucc of the Legislature. 2 Ho7if U. C. College lias eout rived to ab- sorb more than one-half of the Eiidoiinueut of the Provincial University. 3. IV hy U. C. College has been so long per- mitted to remain a charge on the Grammar School Endowment. WlTHFuLLREFKRliPrrESToORIGkNALDoOUMENTS. Compiled by order of the Ontario Grammar School Masters' Association. * » • * > DUNl^AS: PRINTED BY J AS. fiOMERVILLE, " TRUE BANNER" TOWER PR1^^ 1868. THE U. C. COLLEGE QUESTION. A Statement compiled by order of the Ontario Grammar School Masters' Asso- ciation. 1868. I. THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL RESERVES. II. ORIGIN OF U. C. COLLEGE. HI. U. G. G. DOWN TO 1850. IV. U. C. C. 1850— 1M7. V. U. C. C. AND THE OTHER GRAMMAR SCHOOLS VI. CONCLUSION. I. THE GBAMMAB SCHOOL BESEBYES. In order to anderstaikl the present anonwlooi poeidoo of U. C- Col- lege io oar EdacAtlonal Sjitem, it will be adviMble brieflj to revert to tl»e early history of oor Colony, and to commenoe with the first endow ment for edaeational parposes, which is described on the Records of od; Legislature as the ^ Grammar School Reserres." EARLIEST PROCEEDINGS RELATIVE TO THE GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. On Nor. 4th, 1797, the Qnke of Portland addressed a Despatch (I) tt» Mr. President Rassell in reply to a joint Address of both Hoases of Parlia- ment. The Colonial Legialatnre had urged on the Imperial GoTernmeni the neoeml^ of establiahiog Grammar Schools throaghoat U. Canada.- ta hif DesMtoh the Secretary of State for the Colonies proceeds to say that Bis Mijeaty [Geo. III.] has been pleased to aathoriae the appropria tioo of a portion of the waste lands of the Crown (2) for the pnipose io- 1 ThteDMMteh «rflllMlbaniiii«ttawolatlM JowulsoftlMHoaMof Anenbly. 1811, Aff. p. MIl Th»MM« iBfortNit p jiiMf n will b* tmad In • most loterMtlo^ " '^nai^X««««'^Pnif>Mf<^I^I'AiiMrleft." Tb« tract •ad » mlHuiown work wtltlad on oiif WMotfamal P toi n w, to wkldi wo lun pwrtiealorl j rofer, and whleh ii fiom tht^ poa oTtto OiMi^ Ba nimt f U m i of Khwrtloa, eontalu mvek mo trA Toliublo ialbr- oiotloB NfMiag ow «ld|f pTC|N« la lotion. S It mu eoitoHonr. la tonM of 31 Ooo. m { 86^ la sorroTlac Towuahlpo to tet oddo f tt^ a MfoiBtfk dTtho load oo Orewa Bomttoo; than aaotbor MToitli ao 01org> ftMorrti; thoraMnoofoMhltewBdUp WMdoMrib«dM<'T7»ito Loadoof the Crown. THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. (Heated in the Legislative Address. On this endowment the support of Free Grammar Schools was to constitute the first c/iarge, and when this de- mand bad been satisfled, and when the circumstances of the country should demand such an institution, a University was to bo proceeded with. This Despatch has been made the subject of Irequcnt reference ; but, from the oxplicit language employed, no question has ever been scriuusiy raised as to its true construction. The hw oifloers of the Crown in 1798 under- !*tood it in the sense we have above given ; (3) the House of Assembly in 1831, (4) and in subsequent years, declared such to be its true spirit and intent ; and the Earl ot Durham in his celebrated Report, (5) conetru- «^d it even still more favorably to the Grammar Schools. Acting on a power afll'orded in the Duke of Portland's reply, Chief Juk- lice Elmsley, alter a consultation with several individuals designated in the Despatch, drew up (Dec. 1, 1798) a Report (6) recommending the im- mediate appropriation, for educational purposes, of 500,000 acres ot the waste lands of the Crown, — 250,000 to be devoted to the establishment ot Trraramar School, the remaining moiety to be devoted to the future es- tablishment of a University. The Chief Justice expressly states that the above endowment for Grammar School purposes is not to bo regarded as }i finality ; but that on the contrary, as the country becomes more thickly i)opulated, additional endowments will become necessary. Looking back to that first day of winter, seventy years ago, when this outline of our Grammar School System was traced,we cannot help reflecting Jiow unfortunate has been the course of events ! How slow would the imiablc and learned Chief Justice have been to anticipate that, notwith- Htanding bis labours, the proposed University, which was, to his mind, a thing of the remote future, would have had the first selection of the finest lands of the Grammar School Reserves ; that, when it had done choosing, then U. C. College, a nondescript institution — an institution contemplated by neither the Sovereign (7) nor the Legislature, (8) nor the Chief Jua- lice, nor by any one except its illiterate founder, — that this institution should appropriate to itself the choicest portion of the remaining lands ; that, finally, the beggarly residue of the Reserves, consisting of land im- partially distributed between sandy wastes and rocky wilderneeses, (9) should be assigned for the support of those Grammar Schools which were with the Chief Justice, and with the people of U. Canada, the object of first solicitude! The recommended appropriation of waste lands was immediately made by the Imperial Government. Ten Townships were set aside, which, alter the usual deductions of Crown and Clergy Reserves, yielded 549,000 ncr^s available for the purposes of the grant. It was, however, soon found that, owing to the sparseness of the population, the lands were unsaleable, . CLAIMS OF THE GRAMMAR SCHOOLS ON TUE PEOPLE OF . M: . ■ i.. . • , ,• CANADA. The old District Schools and their lineal descendants, the Grammai- Scbools, have well deserved the gratitude of tbo country. From them have been almost wholly recruited the Canadian Bar and Bench, which for ^earning and dignity, will compare favourably with those of England herself. The late Sir J. B. Robinson was proud to acknowledge his in - debtedness to the District Schools. Of them, on one memorable occasioti (13) after gratefully expressing his own obligations to them, be said : "In those Schools alone for more than twenty vears the means of obtain • ing a liberal education were found, Schools which throughout that period and to this moment, [1843,] have conferred oa the country advantageH beyond our power to estimate." The Chief Superintendent of Education, himself successively a Grammar School boy, and a Grammar School Mas- ter, writes thus in 1861, with equal truth and force : " For more than forty years the Grammar Schools w?re the highest educational institu- tions of our country ; and during that time they produced a class of men that have as yet never had their equals in this country, whether, [not to speak of the pulpit,] at the Bar, in the Legislature, or on the Bench. — Besides many others, Charles and Jonas Jones, John S. Cartwright, Rob- ert Baldwin, Marshal S. Bidwell, Christopher Hagerman, Sir James Ma caulay, Sir J. B. Robinson, have had as yet no equal in our day." The President of University College, at the University Dinner of 1864, alluded in his felicitously-eloquent manner to the achievements of the Eastern District School. <' That little School," said he, " was like the Trojan Horse spoken of by Cicero, which could {pve out nothing but chiefs. The Cornwall School had given three Chiefs to the Benches of the Province— the late lamented Chief Justice Robinson, Chief Juutice McLean, and Chief Justice Macaulay." Notwithstanding, however, the effective com- parison of the learned President, Cornwall Grammar School is, we be- lieve, entitled to add to its list of Chief Justices an able puime judge iu the person of the late Mr. Justice J. Jones. And among our living re* preeeDtativ(4 men, Cornwall Grammar School can claim as her pupils, 12 66 Geo. Ill, Gap. 36 J 0. * 2 Tie. Gap. 10 g 1. 13 Openiuf of Zing'a Collegia for Initniction, Jane 8, 1843. Proceedings published by II. Bowiell, Toronto, 1843. THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. Ur. Chancellor Vankoashnet, Hod: J. 8. McDbntld, &o. KlngstOD Gram- mar School has alio a lonff cataloffae of men of mark, whomihe<)aD <;lalm : Sir J. A. llaodoDafd, Sir Henry Smith. Hon. A. O^iOpbell, &d. . &o. In troth there is hardly a Gramidar School wbtch hai attaloed iny iffe that cannot point with pardonable pride to the dlatlngaiflbed Miccim of ItR popils. Surely Schools which have thus conferred on the Protltioe two generations of eminent men now deserve at the haods of the Leklila- htltii(refl're^d(bg '* the dHMalba bf knbwlbdire " #bbld falD Oentiralize within thellmiMofaalDgle tbwq f)ie iAgbneTes by ivfiblbaiB- pertion alone, the 'lifltasion bf Ictibwiedie becombt'jbom^ All kibdki of educationarmonopolles were, duriba tnatdebbde^oeVlsM In iUeliiitereflt, real or supposed, of Yofk. Thns, 'while ihroUgtiOQ^ theTrbvInbe'fclqer- Hlly Cotnmon Schbol Teachers weire'rebelvltaftan aven((e'allowaboebf^6nt £4 or £5 per annum, [14] together with itteb ^iiltry abm as vhkf Tuied from local sources, a so-oalled Cfbntral ftbhool at Ybrk. Was bv the especial grace of the General Board of Education paying to its Ueadma|[$ter out of the Common School Fond about £S(H) stg. per annum, [li$1%tid to two assistants larger salaries than the average of Common School xeb- chers obtain at this hour. Be it understood that Ybrk was already well bupplied with Common Schools. At least three Common Schools iiff\ al> ready graced that favoured village, [17] and stood almost within the shadow of the Central School. In 1832 we find this disgraceful mal-ap' propriation of funds exciting the honest indifi^nation of Wm. Lyon If ao- t Journal Aesembly, 1831, Appendix, page 106. X Speech of Bishop Btrachan at the opening of King's ColUige. .' , ,. . 14 Jour. Ass. 1832-3, App. p. 70. 15 Report of Select Cbmknittee on'the PeliiloD of Thomas Appleton, Jour. Ass. 1828, App. The OonunittM Tery properly obserre : '*If the sums appiopriated to the Central Sehool were distrlboteb as an enoonragement to Schools In lp» interior of the country where momgr is Mkrce and the patronage both needed and deserred, it would be most beneficially, ftlt in every Toumihip in ^ Sme Dittrict, and in every other Digt^iet alto." 16 This Act ean be gleaned mm the eTtdetioe In AppIeton*s eue. 17 The populfttion of York at the time of the establish^ inent of the Central School, was hardly 2,000. ;r-rtr I'i-'ii r -'■ •'-^1 1 ' fa-i-fV«ii'it-i".i"rt.JurtfiViiii'ii''iri'^iti"-i'J' Hj THE GUAMMAK SCHOOL UKSERVES. k«DKlo (Colonial Advocate, Jan. S, 1832) ; bnt, for some yearirobieqaeDt ly tothii exposure, that paraiitical iDRtituUon romaioed fanteovd ou tb<> (*ommoD School System, cxbaasting the fund intended for the support ot Htanrlng Common School Teachers throoghoat tho Province. York soon fottfid a fllmtlar parasite for the Grammar School System— a parasiif wbiob has managed to maintain a sickly existence to the present time, tmt bM naoagea to do so, only by tranrflorrlng Itself from tho Orammb.- SIcInM)! Byitera, which it left tor dead, to the rrovinoial University \9h<»>* vUaMty It has already most n'^rlou.ily impaired. And this brings ns fac>* (0 f^oe iHfh our Mlqeot ! II. ORIQIN OF U. 0. COLLEGE. Dtrin^ the ten years' 6way of the General Board of Edwatton ihe llaiversity Question became an all-cugroeaing aulgeet of poblfo att«nliaD, iutd. through tL marvellous narroif-mifidedDett of certein nemlMniof that Board, beoMoe perpleKed with liaraes which, at this late hour, nader its satiafaotory solution almost impossible. In March, 1827, [18] the >at« Bishop Strachan obtained, chiefly throagh the iBflaence of Loird Bathnvst •A Charter lor King's College, whioh for IllUterality, could hardly be Hurpassed. The immediate result was an agitation which served to keep lip a feverish anxiety ior about twenty years. ARRIVAL OP SIR JOHN COLBORNlt:. During those troublous times. Sir ^ihn Colborne succeeded to the Lieut-Governorship. [19] He at first eh. wed a strong disposition to deal summarily with the Uoiversitv projects o. the Episcopal Church, [20] and during the period that this feeling lasted, proposed in a Message dated Jan. 17, 1829, [21] to establish a new institution of Collegiate character, making it dependent for its support on the University Endowment. The House nf Assembly, in a weak hour, gave a conditional assent. The members of that body, actuated by patriotic motives thought that, in this way, the> woald give the Province the benefit of the University Endowment which they otherwise de^aired of being able to reach. 18 ViaalB#port on K1nK>tOoUe(e and U.C. College, 1«62, p. 104. 10 HeftMuned tbeadnlaiitnttoD toward* the doM of 1828. 20 After Ineffeotnany urging (Dee. 13, 1828) a ■orraider of KiBg'iOoUege Charter, be, rather unoeremoniooely, soapended Its operation. 21 Jonrnal Asiembly, 1829. T TUE UPPER OANAOA COLLEGE QUESTION. CONDITIONAL ASSENT OF THE ASSEMBLY TO LISHMENT OF U.C COLLEGE. THE ESTAl' Tlfe conditions uf aseent referred to were aH IcIIotvs: 1. That tlio ])rc>jected inatilation Hbould do University work. [22] 2. That, as thu^' (ioing University work it should be dependent for support on the Uni cersity Endowmbut. [23] 3. That it should be conducted with the ut- most economy, [24] and 4. That it should not be ntdtd at York. [25]— Though Sir John Colbnrne had already pledged his wo^'d [^.6] to thb fulfil Tuent or that condition which related to the support of the nevy institution, i^oine apprehension of treachery appears to have arisen ; for, on Tuesday Jan. 19, 1830, [27] we find Mr. W. L.Macken^sie in tlje House of Asseui bly moving for a statement of the sources of income of the " College or Univer - .ntJ/ now in progress." On the. following Saturday [28] the Governor sent dow.^a reply which was chiefly remarkable for its oracular obecurity. This was not very re-assuring to the Hou&e. Accordingly, again on Tuesday, Feb. 2, [29] an Address was passed requesting the Governor to lay before Parliamoct " the particulars of the foundation of U. C College with all other particulars and details respecting the principles and c'conomy of the inslitufion." When thus questioned categorically, oracu- lar responses would not do. The Governor therefore on the followingThur.«<- (lay [30] replied in plain English, " Gentlemen, I cannot convey much mor** information on the subject of this Address than has already been laid before the House of Assembly.- ' As, however, the Governor had hitherto laid before Parliament absolutely no information — a fact which this second Address of the Assembly presented within two weeks after the first suffi- ciently proves, — the unavoidable inference is that the founder had uci clear conception of the purpose of the institution he was attempting In force upon the country. The chief motive actuating Sir John in th\< Avhole matter of U. G. College, appcurs to have been a vain desire to per- petuate his name by means of a literary foundation. For the Assembly, in their negotiations on the subject, had given him a kind of promise that ttie new institution, if answerable to their views, would be known as Col - borne College. [30] It is not surprising that^ when the founder of U. ('. <'oliege abandoned as hopeless the problem of its design, the present Prin- cipal of the institution is in a state of amusing perplexity, [31] when at- tempting to describe its functions. It would, of course, be unfair to expcot of bim to know more of its foundf>r'S intentions than the fr .nuei did himself. Nearly all the rest ci the Governor's njcssage was occupied, by wa.v <.f a diver-'on of the main inquiry of the AsS A partial list of arrearages, due chiefly by wealthy residents of York, will b? found m the Final Report er, U. 0. College, 1852, pp. 363 sqq la addition to the amount represented by this lit % there bad been a further amonut (irroeoTerable In 1850, In consequence of the Statute of Limitations) yielding a total of $28,382 11. Final Report p. 342. 14 ;:,i/4iiji-.i-,* , II' ft i 19 THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. now pay for yoar taition a8 many ponnda aoDaally m yon oave hitherto paid urowps 1. [39] A obaractertstio application all this of the Royal En- flowment lor the qqpport ef Free Grammar Schools ! It is a pity that the birthday of the " Goflege" should have be^n so inaaspicioasly inaagnrat- :'i. Apitytroly! Sir John Colbome drammed up as recruits, for his new regiment, the sons ot all enjoying Government favors, or who might afterwards expetefc to do so, [40] and then boosted to Parliament that the names of nearly 90 boys [41] were on the Roll. Roll, did we say ? Ah, well, we then wrotid metaphorioally, for Roll ^ere was none. [42] It is not sarprising to find that in an in^ituiipn conducted oa priocip^et «e se- lect, a College withal, a Rwister of pupils won r^arded a snperinity, as in fact decidedly vttUar I So that when Parliament in 1836 was taking evidence oo the oonduipn of U. C. Clollege, only approximate stateneats of tiie attendance for llBSO, 1831, 18ft'2 could be supplied by the Principal, the Re^. t)r. Harris. [43] ' " ■' ''',.'•■ WHAT U. C. COLLEGE PROVED TO BE. The House of Assembly hod intended Utit^i U. C. College eAiovM 4lo UM Virility work, and. wtthtlmttti a primary condition, had mssented to its foundation. [44*] Batwing the word *^ College" in its only legit- imate teMSf tvotn 1830 do^h to Ihe present time (exceptlnjg from tfail pe- riod only the fbur y^sars of Dr. IfdOaol'd HeadmastbrMiip.) tbie iosli(ntMni by no ^figure of liweoh oan be desOribed as dtdng College work. We bace of R^t. Dr. Hmls. Vhb neglect to keep a proper record or the attend- tUb. Vhbueffleettokeepa). ance, afterirards gate tTse totne moit e6ntradIctoi7 returns of the nninber 6f pvn^ils for the MrUerjrdu'if of the institution** teireer. , ^3 Journal Asiwniblrl^ Ayr. vol. I, Doonni«tat No. 112. 44* Journal AMmbly, 1829, Friday, Mareh 20, 14Ui RcMohrtlim. 44 Jonriua AMeitoltly, 1^32^. Appendix to 2nd Beptot df Gommittee oh JSAuldtUte, KtidenceofSirJ. B.KbMns6n andof&eT.Dr. Harils. 45 Journal Assembly, SMUon 1831. 46 Ibid Frtdily, Jantta^ 21. ^ ->!i ORIOm OF UPPER CANADA COLLEGE. 11 I 4- io reply to (heir Addreis, werp rabmitted, [47J and which showed that the Reservation had oot as yetKweD lerioatlj ioipalred, proceeded to talie raeaeares for ite appUcatioo to the rapport of tpe GraiKmar Schoolt. In order to prerent qaefltione arieiogj at any Aitare time, ae to the extent ohts jarfadiotlofA, the Hoow paawd an AdAHeM t6 the Sovereign [48] ekpreMlve of its wishes in regard to the Resteviifoa,- Then the Governor sent down to tl^ Assembly a Mewfige MS] whipli fell ip to th^ir midst as a thunder- bolt from a oloadlesa tmj I &e has the spjblioie effrdfitery to inform the Legislature of the Province th%t '* lately 66,000 acres have^ been set wride [f^om the Grammar School Reserves] for the sapport of U. C. College.^'— >U»tadde,q4oaia! Who set ftU Iknd astde ! ^dbdt«ir J^tiAiMtbe interesting Familv Party, tMntid the talffe of the Executive Council as- sembled T And this In q^it^ p( .thf pledges whlob the Governor bad. given the yreceeding PacMftipsQt [SP9 thalitbp fndowiO«ilt( of , this insli^Uon ahp^d 11^ b» at thfs eiip^nse pf %\» GnMnmftr . Sohopls. Bat the FnrMf- mcpiV<>^!^M 4*7 ns4 not t^e opportunity of fplly ipprMiathig the qmU- oiUroft^^Goiveriior. 4t tl^Ume^ he m$ dw>n hi» Mm'9t (Z>oe.24|A. l8Sl)iMAaiMi ()U tnoof ooMlimM ssj^i^ Kling William IV. An answer was In aiie time returned by the Imperial (Gov- ernment [52] surrendering to the Legtslatdre the dienoBition of the lands ^* which had not already ieea dtmate/S." Now, from the af^tes aiboye givei^} it appears thai the grants to U. C. College had not bfsen made f^t the date of that Despatch (July 5, 18&2). It is obvious, therefore, that those jgrants, made subseqaeQtly, made also wUliQiit consent of Parliament, were rnvAlid and, consequently, that the sales based on those grants were void ab initio. Though the Hoase of Assembly believed that an approprtfttioo from the Grammar School Reserves had actdallv been liiade, as represented by the (Governor, yet it could not help I'ei^rdio'g rach procedure as hn intoler- Kble usurpation of its most itliiportant fupctlons. Accordingly, at the next assembling of Parliament this matter formed the subgeot of the first on th«'iiuii^ iuitljeot; jpa88«d on the ,1a ih« first loiiiuioe,' a-2, Fridftjr, Sec. 23, 47 Ibia,^e^Deiday,1^eb.2. ]|frdm»n Ad)£ follofring cb^, tt wonHwbf^r tt^t BIr Jobii Colboi^e.ittivlta] to eTB^e tn« 4«niaa9 Q^the AiMnbly. '4^ SotiihMAialtk 1831. 4a IblUTMonday/DM.^. llo Jbornal Aii^y, a lllMtoidit^IaraiitAiinfreqiieiitlyqitotsdbjflwBiltWr'taM^ FtnsneUl Btate- ments, e. ^.'SUtvafet fcr 18M. , », .J^p^tDi^ M^tiiy it^,9riaij',lt((ir:^lmi. sir :rdlib Cblborap alluded to thitlNit>Atoh In'thalpSeLWChfliipMlUg of Miorne away by the Midland District School. Journal Assembly, 183U, App. 65 This is the explanation of the following item occurring ic the U. G. C. accounts : *< Appropriation to U. G. G. and Royal Grammar Schoel, £750." Jour. Ass. 1835, App. Vol. I . It was pretended that a Despatch from the Imperial GoTemment authorized tnift transaction, but on the Houie of Assembly demanding the text of the Despatch, it was found that the ?>espatch wan unfortunatdy lost. For other examples of such mythical Bespatchea, consult the Final Rep'>rt pattim. 56 in 1828 the population of Torlc wa8 2235, while tbtat of Kingston was3210; so the population of the Home District was 22,927, while that of the Midland District was 30,060.— Jour. Ass. 1829— Population Returns. 57 Mr. J. P. De la Ilaye, the French Ifaster, was appointed at a salary of £200 stg. per annum ; Mr. T. A. Drewiy, 1st Drawing Master, enjoyed a salary of like amount ; Mr. J.G. Howard, 2nd Drawing Master, (Architectural Drawing) was in receipt of £100 stg. per annum; Mr. J. A. Saunders, 3rd Drawing Master, (Oraaineutal Drawing) received. I- M. ♦ -i ORIGIN OF UPPER CANADA COLLEGE. 1ft i of the York'moDopoliBtfl : " Are tbe people of York lets able to pay Tor ihe inf>truction of their children in tbeae branches [French and Drawing] ihan tbe people of the other Districts ?" [59] THIRD SOURCE OF INCOME : THE CASUAL AND TERRITO- RIAL FUND. , ,, A Third Source or Income which U. C. College enjoyed almost from itn very commencement [60] down to 1860 was an annuity of $4444.4^ which was paid in tbe first instance out of the Casual and Territorial Fu..d, and when that Fund was afterwards transferred to the control of the Legisla- ture the transfer was made subject, as it was contended, to this annual charge. This payment of an annuity out of the Provincial revenue was, like every other payment to U. C. College, wholly unsupported by legal authorization, and 8e regarding i'a legal- ity, tbe only argument advunced for its continuance was the precedent derived from four years' uninterrupted payment ! [61] In 1S60 Parliament declined longer to submit to what bad been from the first simply an im- position, and relieved the revenue ot this burden. FOURTH SOURCE OF INCOME : CONFISCATION OF HOME DISTRICT SCHOOL PROPERTY. With the Lieut.-Governor's connivance U. C. College had, in the most tranquil manner imaginable, and though presumably ''something more than a Grammar School," appropriated for its own benefit, the town lots belonging to the old York Grammar School. In fact in July and Sep- tember of 1829, before U. C. College bad any actual existence at all. Sir John Colborne caused to be sold by auotion, for its benefit, some of tbe most valuable lots which the generosity of private individuals had assigned for the support of the Home District School. [62] He retained, however, for his favorite institution among certain other parcels of town property that block on which in 1830 its buildings were erected. The illegality of all this was of course unquestionable. Both Sir J. B. Robinson and the Rev. Dr. Strachan, when examined before a Parliamentary Committee acknowledged that the transaction would not bear a mbment's Ecrutiay. [63] Then, why has this gross iigustice never been repaired ? and why is the Toronto Grammar School still domiciled in an obscure building in an obscure part of the city, while U. C. College is permitted to retain its ill-gotten plunder ? William Lyon Mackenzie assailed this shameful transaction in his usual honest out-spoken fashion. In the Colonial Advocate of Jan. 5, 1832 he accuses the Governor of at- tempting to lay the foundation of ^'a dangerous system ot education :" ' By exposing for sale the lands set apart for a District School in the Home District, aa well as the School Bouse and Offices, without the con- sent of the people or the authority of the Legislature, and appropriating tbe proceeds according to his own pleasure and without accounting to the country." we believe, B Mlary similar in smouot. 59 Tonraal AsBembly, 1832-3, Appendix to 2nd Report of Com. on Education. 60 For 1880 the grant was £200 stg. ; on January l8t, 1831, it was raised to £500 stg. ; this allowance oontianed to January Ist, 1884, when it was raised to £1000 itK., at which last figure it remained down to 1860. (Final Report, page 115.) An attempt made in 1869, by the Hon. Qeorge Brown, to relieve the KeTenne of this annual cliarfe, will be noticed t«low. 61 Ftoal Report, puge 116. 62 Aooonnts of the Treasurer of Upper Canada College for 1820— Journal Assembly ISSO-App. 63 Journal Assenbly, 1832-3— Appendix to 2nd Report of Com. on Education. a.&i;;,i3Sft^jAi^ :A?,M.-fA:v.-;i^- ^ij,^ u THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. i I FIFTH SOURCE OF INCOME : APPROPRIATION OF COMMON r SOa^OOL MONEYS. ' At the very tim/e t)|at tl^e Ceopnipii School Teacher^ throughoot the ProTince were, on the testimopy of the Prendeot of the General Board of Edacation, receiving only £& per aDnom, and at the time, when, through the alleged lack qf fanda. there was danger that the allowance would be redttcedfto iSt iper aannn, [M] the Board, on the order of Sir John Col- born^, advanced to U. 0. Ctollege no leae a lom that £6,392 18s 2d. [661 5P:TH ^QU^G^ 9F H^CQME : INROi .pS ON THE UNIVERSITY Advapcee from this aonrce haye been so many in number, and eu imiiortaht in iheir effect aa to reqaire f more detailed notice at a eubee- qnen^'tage of jifaip a^leiment. XT. O.'Cdllege Wai inoa provided for by the rnlhlebs plunder of every 4s\»» of eur ectucatlonhl tn^tituMons; and, as it heg9ia, bo it has contljiaed, —ever singularly true to it« mission ! ' ^ .- ♦#♦•-•- i III. IJ. q. qOLLEGE DOWN TO 1850, U. C.CQll^ge had given, even during the flrst year of its existence, eztreinely unfatourable impressions regarding itself. During 18BI the S>pttlar discontent was constantly on the increase. [66] Wniiam Lybn iK^lcenzle was lint the roonth-piepeortbe county when, about this period, he described the new foundation as ''a place of learning for the obndreu of persons holding sitnatioi^i^ under the Local Government, and a few other wealthy and influential Indivlduieils. at great public cost, butplaa«?u^eyond the control of public opinion, and from which the sons of the yeomanry df^ve no benefit or aaVanla^e." [6t] We have here an inst^nde of the late Mr. Mackenzie's happy power of characterization. Htm tnaiw words in the above deicrijition require to be chan^^ to correctly characterize U. V. CcJU^e as it ofv^l^uef to f^ at 1$.u Ju^r? 44 Jonro^ Aiwqiblr, 1829, Ai^p«n4iz— "Scport (rom the President of tlw Oenenl -Committee on EdacatioQ. ..v.v 66 Journid J^muj^^j, 1836, Aj^pendix Tol. I— Board c^ldoeation Aoooapti. ' 66 ETidenoe of Dr. Har^a before Select Oommittoe— Joa mat Auembly, IVS^t^, kgf. C7 Quoted in Jonroal AaMmbl7, 1835, App. Vol. I— Doeomeat No. 62. • f ■i^'-allj-j i'iii.^ii^^klk f 'W UPPER CANADA COLLBGE DOWN TO 1850. ift PARLIAMENT MAKEd THE INCOMPBTENOY OF U. G. COLLfiGK THE SfJBJBCT OV mVESTIGATION. The year 1832 wltneMod aooh u oatbarat of popular iodigoatioa that the HoQM of AiBembly was compelled to make the iQoomp«teocy of the new iaatitntioQ the ■ubjeot of a learcbiog ioveptlgatloD. [68] Among U)<> wUoessefl ezamioed before the ParllameDtary Committee, were eeverftl of the Trastees. For it must be borne in mind that U. 0. College oommeno^d Its oareer under a Board of thirteen Trustees. The Trustees would ni^tu- tally palliate, so far as w*s possible, the ine(Boieno> of an fustltution for whoie faults they would, in a measure, be deemed responsible, but all that Dr. Strachan could And himself authorized to affirm was that some inproyement was peroeptlblo. [69] That some improvement was percep- tible where so much ground tor dissatisfaction bad existed was, fudeed . bwt faint oonmendatioa I Even the Vioe-Prindpal of (J. C. College \Ava- self thought the Isoiuediate re-establishment of the Home District School imperatively rejiulred. [70] After a long and laborious investintioii the Committee in their Srid Repott [71] reoospmend that the approp^ation ffom the Gr. S. Reserves, made by Sir John Colboroe, bjb not RBOoainaED ; ihatiSk loan of £1 0.000, which had been raised by illegal sale of t^e Qram- «ar School lands be withdrawn from that institution and be Iuyp^&s^ in good securities for the l)euefit of the District Sobools. The &>mav*t*8C' eemment severely oA the advMoea which they discovered had be^ it 'i; to U. C. College out of the funds of King's College ; and as the gener.v' result of tb«ir investigation the Committee state that U. C. College '*doeH not seem to them to be necessary, apd that it certainly was kbtjbr gon- Twru/rBD BT ais majbstt wneo granting a charter and endowment to thi; Uniaersitor." tFtnaUy, to obvictte »py pretence tor the continued ezli^encu of U. C. CoUego, tuey Jreoomm^pd the immediate opening of King's College. Tta above Sleport was adopted by the House without amendment, [72] and a Bill was framed to carry eut the recommendations of the Committee. [78] but owing to the strenuous opposition of the Governor the matter was subsequently permittted to drop. PARLIAMENTARY ADDRESS TO WILLIAM IV. ON THE SHAME FUL MAL- APPROPRIATION OP THE GR. S. RESERVES. The House of Assembly, early in the following Session, passed ait Address [74] to King William IV., complaining in strong terms of the tveatmeot to which the Grammar Schools had been subjected. Afl«i- reciting the various misappropriations of the Grammar School Reserves the Addresf) thus proceeds : *' It is therefore obvious that a very iocon- 68 JournpJ AsNOkbly, 1832-^, App. - 60 Ibid— Dr. Straohan's uaawm to Qaestion No. 10. 70 Joarnal AsMmbly, 1832-3, Appendix, page 67— Letter of Rer. Dr. Phillips, Viei;- Principal of Upper Canada College. 71 Joarnal Aaaemblj, 1832-3, Appendix, page 60. 72 Journal Aaiembly, 1832-8, Friday, JEaiiaary 18. 73 Tlie Committee had ia th^lr 2ad Report (Appendix, page &8,). reoommended similar measurea. But since tlie preparation oithef r 2^ad Report, evidenoe had come to light whiek oonrineed the Committee thatiheuMflsty of tlia Unlreni)^ d^hded On the immediate snppresaioo of Upper Canada OoUmo. Henee the 3rd Rf pert is, Ip the main , an emphatic reiteration bf fne Sesond. TlieBill reforred to wai li^d.fitt.tne first time on Friday, December 14, 1832. 74 Jonraal Assembly, Session 18S3-4, Wednesday, December 4, 1833. ij nt is this Grammar School land that, though situated in relatively old Hettlements, it was fetching as late as 1863 but $2 per acre, [76] whereas that portion of the endowment misappropriated by C C. College had in 1861 brought, on all sales, an average price of $5 57 per acre, and an average on the sales effected in 1861 of $7.85 per acre. [77] To the above Addreei' of Parliament a tardy answer at length came ; [78] but what that answer really was will probably remain matter for conjecture. For the Governor thought fit to communicate only " the Rubstance of it," [79] a resort hitherto undiscovered by him. Well, *' the substance of it," accord- ing to Sir John Colborne, was that only about 240,000 acres of such land as has been above characterized were available for Grammar School use I PARLIAMENT AGAIN, ON INVESTIGATION, DECLINES "THE COLLEGE," WITH THANKS. In 1835 U. C. College was again made the subject of Parliamentary investigation [80] and was again, as has, indeed, been always the Case, condemned as a useless incumbrance. Here is the Resolution of Par- liament regarding it : [81] " It is upheld at great public expense, with high salaries to its principal masters, but the Province in general derives very little advantage from it. It might be dispensed with." We have liere, once more, to ask how many words in the above description require to be altered to characterize U. C. College as it exists in our time ? — 75 Journal Asaembly, 1832-3, Appendix. 76 Report of the CJommissioner of Crown Landi for 1863, page 17. 77 Borsar'B Statements for year ending December 31, 1801 . Ttiese Statements will ba found among the Sessional Papers for 1863. 78 Journal Assembly, 1835, Thursday, March 19. 70 Ibid— Message of Sir John Golbome. 80 Journal Assembly, Session 1836— Address to the Lieut .-Governor, Tuesday, 3rd Mareb, and documents in Ap|Mndix. 81 Journal Assembly, 1835, Appendix Vol. I— Document No. 21. UPP£K CANADA COLLfiGK DOWN TO I8d0. 17 Thirty (faree yeara ago Parliament poweMCd thn will to relieve tbn Pro- viiKM of an iDoabos, but, uofortonately, lacked tbe way; in our more fortaoate dav Parliament pofltesMi tbe means, let us hope that tli'.> (1if>po- nitioB to act 18 mi wanting 1 PARLIAMENT DELIVERS A VALEDICTORY HARANGUE TO THE FOUNDER OF U. C. COLLEGE. In 183C the LegiHiatare again addressed itself to the alMorbui^' topic tif tbe time — yerdiot as usual. Tbe reply of tbe Assembly to tbu Hpeecb trom the Throne [82} coutalns tbe following passage : "We have also been ' anxious in past years to make the means ot education geuernl and easily " available, but it baa only lately become known to tbe LeKtijIaturo that "A tiountiful provision in lands was made by tbe Crown about turty yeara " ago, thoiuh rino$ dderioraUd by a teereL ur^favourabU exchange for infei ior lands. " Nor ought we to fail tc noticr ^hat large appropriations have lieen made " out of tne Universitv fund, no . to the District [i.e. Grbmnar] Schools " and Township [i. e. Common] Schools, undeservedly neglected, but to " Ruatain U. C. College in this city, in which tbe sons of all the wealthiest " families are educated, and which ought therefore to be supported without " so questionable an encroachment on public funds." A tew days after tbe above words had been addressed toSir John Colbornehe waBsuocoeded in tbe administration of tbe Government by Sir F. D. Head. [8',\] THAT DISMAL AFFAIR OF 1837, The grievances complained of by the people of Upper Canada had been enumerated to the Imperial Government in the celebrated Scverith Report, [84] and among those grievances, the maintenance of U.C.Collsge obtained a chief place— tbe cost and uselessness of that institution being recited in words already quoted. The cry of tbe people for relief from ibeir burdens was, unhappily, disregarded. Then the air became heavy with ominous murmurs. The supplies were, for the lirRt time in our an- nals, stopped, [85] and soon after this, the aftVighted Province witnessed the actual effusion of blood. [86] U. C. College thus enjoys thf3 most un- enviable distinction of being one of the causes of tbe civil contest of 1837 ! Tbe support of that School had been made by the people a chief cause of complaint; and, in 1839, after the contest was over, and when the Earl of Durham was reviewing the causes that led to that unhappy out* break, be felt himself forced to mention the alienation of tbe Grammar School Reserves ior the aggrandizement of U. C. College I [87] After 82 Journal Assembly, 1886, Wedoesday, J«nu' ry 20. 83 The above words were addressed to Sir Jobo Oolbome on Janoary 20 ; oa tb« 25tli of tho same month. Sir Francis Head assumed the administration of Affairs. 84 Journal Assembly 183t, Appendix Vol . I — Document Mu 21. 86 Journal Assembly 1836, Wednesday, April 20. 86 December 4, 1837 — Narratire drawnup by MaoKeniie at Navy Island. 87 Report on the Affairs ot British North Aaerioa— Upper Canada — Lord Durham uses the following language : " Of the lands which were originally appropriated for the support of Schools throughout the eountry, hy fkr the most valnahle portion has been diverted to tbe endowment of the University, ftt>m whieh those only derive any benefit who reside in Toronto, or those who, having • large anured Ineome, are enabled to maintain their ohUiren in that town, alt an expense whieh hat been estimated at £M per annum fbr each child." Though the fiwt of an nnfiiir division of the Oraamar School Reserves hairiag been made, In tlie{nteifst«f the DDiv^nd^. is andeniable, yet, from Lord Dorhaa's SMaklDg of the Institqtien m In aetwU Meratien, it is quite evi- dent that he really makee chief reference to Upper Canada College. King's College was not put into operation for five years after the date of Lord Durham's tour of observation »: i:-,v!ii!_iA*!;.,j.;<» j.*rf;--^i.taSJ^^^ 18 THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. the fHilure of tho ill-judged iosurreotion under Mr. MacKenzie, (be party of Educatloaal Progress, whether oognizHnt of bis sobemes or not, were iu disrepute and In despair. U. '/.College tbuH remained, for a time, almoal unmoloHlfd by Parliament. [88] Another oaose, however, and a much more lionurable one. secured, for a short time, its freedom from moleata- tiop. lii RKV . Dli. McCAUL BECOMES PRINCIPAL OF U. 0. COLLEGE. Towards the beginning of 1839, [89] fortunately for U. C. College, Dr. McCaul bucame iti* Principal He appears to have taken in. at a l^lunco, tlie true position of nffairs. If ever U. C. College was to be toler- ated, it would only be so, by becoming what the Assembly bHd insisted on, when assenting to its foundition [901— by becoming a University. But since the day ihat the Anserably bad given a conditional assent to the (jstablichment of U. C. College, the University Question had become wholly changed. The Episcopal Party had wisely yielded to the outside pressure; had. to a considerable degree, liberalized the Charter of King's College; [91] and the buildlngH for the reception uf that institution would soon be in course uf erection. Dr. McCaul munt, therefore, have been conscious that, in any CHse. the functions of the Minor University [92] which bad been placed uudfT bis supervision must he, at best, only pruvinional; must occupy for the time being, in our Educational System, the place ol tnat more important institution whose foundation had been contemplated as far back as 1798. Notwithstanding, however, such considerations which, we soy, must have occurred to his mind, tho new Principal of U. C College oddres»ed bim«ell to bis duties with the greatest zeal and ability. The four short years of Dr. McCaui's Headmastership [93] form the only period during tho thirty-eight years of this institution's exiutence, on which the mind can rest wiih any degree of Batisfaction. These four jears, however, soon glided by ; King'H College was opened in 1843 ; [94] the Province found a more worthy field for Dr. McOaul's abilities in the new University, and appointed him its flrnt Vice President. With these events, then, the mission or U. C. College, which must in any case have been regarded as vicarious, came to an end. and. with the termination of its temporary mission, its existence ought also to have terminated. Even the late Priii- ctpal of U. C. College seems to have been of this opinioa. Dr. McCaul is said to have represented, in the strongest manner, to the then Lieutenant- Governor, Sir Charles Bagot, the inexpediency, and even the illegality of 88 A Report of Finance Committee, adverse to Upper Canada College— Journal Asiembly 1837-8, Feb. 23, 1838. 89 Dr McCaul's duties appear to h^Te commenced with 1839, ttiough the appoint- ment had been made in 1838. 90 Vide supra. 91 Speech of ReT. Dr. Strachan at opening of King^s College. The good Bishop seema to have stood aghast at the extent of his own concessions to the popular feeling. 92 Dr. Strachan strongly insists on its proTislonal character, and calls it " The Minor College," in m document, written in 1833, and contained in the Final Report, page 170. 93 The date of Dr. McOaal's appointment to the yieo-Presideney of King's OoUege, Is Not. 21, 1842— Final Report, page 171. Dr. IfoCanl's dutlM began in 184S. n June », 1843, UPPER CANADA COLLEGE DOWN TO 1860. 1» •ppointiDg a new Principal to U. C. Collegf . [96] In thera repretODta- tioni, moreoTer, ibe Rev. Dr. Straoban, as President of tbe Univereilj, ia stated io bare wbolly concurred. [96] To tbe permanent injurj of our educational instltutioni, tbe suppressioQ of U. C. College was not then flocomplisbcd. (J. C. COLLEGE IS DISCOVERED TO HAVE ABSORBED MUCH THE GREATER PART OF THE WHOLE LNIVERQITY ENDOWMENT ! ! In 1839 Sir George Arthur, then Lieutenant-Governor, bad accident- ally gUiiced tbrougb certain Returns, relative to U. C. College, tbnt bad been prepared tor Parliani«'ot ; [97] and. (bough accustomed to tbe ex- pensive educational eetablisbmenis of England, bw expressed bimeelf " luucb surprised at the outlaj." [!)8] An investigation followed, the result uf which will be best stated in tbe wards of tbe late Mr. Juslice Burns, and his felloW'Commisxioner, Dr. Woikman. [99] "According to tbe statements then furnished U. C. College bad received advances from the University amounting to $137,639 03 ; and its expenditure from tbe commencement (jHnuary 1830) i. e. for nine year^ and a half, bad been $241,061 63, ol which amount $121,031 06 wrh for salaries to musters. It wap alro discovered that $8618 11 of its own fnnds constituting the entire balance on hand was held by three parties, officers ol the Univorsitv and the College. Of tbe above $8618 II the College collector, according to his own shewing, bad approprhted $6166 78 to his own purpoRes." In a healthy state ol public opinii. uch a disclosure an the above would have been fatal to the continuance of an institution which was, at best, ex** isting only on sufferance. U. C. College was, bowevr, pt.mitted to pro> coed in its mission of undermining the Provincial University, and when the next investisation, (in 1843) [lOn] occurred.it was found that the inter- val betweHnl839and 1843 bud not. Iieen left unimproved; forduring the four yearn, 1840-184^ inciucive the University fund had lieen depleted to tbe amount of $29,735 03. [101] During tbn brief tbiiteeo years ot its ex- istence (1830— 1843) not only had U. C. College pluud red all the Gram- mar 8cbnolf>. indiscriminately by tbe appropriation ol more than Hixcy tbousHud acres ol their endowment: not only had it appropriated the Royal Grants foimerly bentowed on the Grammar Schools of Kit g-ton-Cornwall, and Niagara, amounting, in the gross, to $3000 annually ; not only bad it preyed on the Casual and Territorial Fund of the Province to tbe annual amount of One Thousand Pounds Sterling; not only hud it applied 96 We derive thiti statement from Tarinu* soarees, — among others, from a Pamph- let, [page 7C,] entitled ''TheOriirin, History, aad Manairement of tbe Uuiverslty of King's College, Turuuto." Toronto: Qaorge Brown, 184t. How happens It that Upper Cana- •da (Allege, MHailed as it in in tbe alx>Te Pamph'et, and eltewhere. so mercilessly, aad yet so justly, nearly a quarter of a eeotary acen enabled to deplete, to ihlH frigbtlul extent, the University, can be readily rendered intelligible. THE CANADIAN COURT OF STAR CHAMBER, SIR JOHN COL- BORNE PRESIDING. During lUu Administration of Sir John Colborne, and subsequently, tlie favorite expedient to cover an illegal transaction was an Ordkr in I JouNciL. To Kuch an excess was this resort carried that the functions of I'arliamerit vrurc at one time virtually suspended. [105] It will be re- membered that the endowment of U. C. College out of the Grammar /School Reserves was based only on these Orders in Council. And one of the laHt administrative acts [106] of Sir John Colborne while Lieut. -Gov- innor of U. Canada, was tho endowment. In 1835, by means of an Order in Council ol 57 Rectories. The endowment ot the latter had certainly beei^ contemplated by the Constitutional act of 1791; [107] and the Clergy Re- serves had been set aside a? the special source of their endowment. [108] And yet when Sir John Colborne. in 1 835, undertook by Order in Council, to endow those Rectories out of the Clergy Reserves, the Imperial Govern- •ncnt, on the highest legal authority in England, declared the act invalid. [iU9] Can It then be supposed that the Gov. was authorized to endow by Order in Council, an institution never contemplated by the Legislature, out of an endowment specifically set aside by the law for the malotenanco of tho Grammar Schools ? We have already seen that the mere dates of the grants to the U. C. College would alone prove fatal to the validity of its endowment, and now we find that in any case, and irreepeotively of — — — ■ ■ — — — T 102 lleferenceH la veriflcation of the abore psrtionlara b»T« alrMdy been lupplied. 103 Joarnal Asiembly 184S, Appendix No. 1— King's Gollegd Aooonnti, with Bur- Mar's note. 104 Final Report Dr. Gwynne's Statement j page 104; also, remarks by Oommis- aioners, page 844. 105 Tae House of Assembly was practically prohibited fi«m legislating on certain olassea of public questions, «. ^. Education. For a partial list of interdicted subjects, Tide Journal Assembly 1831-2, Thursday, January 6, 1832. 106 Lord Darlum calls it "his last public act" 107 81 Geo. Ill, cap. 31, gg 38, 39, 40. 108 Ibid, gg 36, 37. 109 Journal Asaambly 1887-8, Fabroary &, 1888. The lligal opinion, which will be found in f^ll in tha place cited, oonelndes with the Ibllowing unmistakeable words :— ' > Thirdly, we are of opinion that the ereHion and the endowtoentof tha CT^Reetorlea \>v Sir John Oolborue are Not valid and lawful acts." ■ : , v UPPER CANADA COLLEGE DOWN TO I8fl0 SI tb« par lion lar date, tbe Governor's prootedloc nu wboly anAotborlx ed. And thm invalid Ordvrt in CUtMo/, ii thrndd U mott car^UUi/ bomt tt< mind, eonttitiiU the oniy authority undir vMeh the Oranmar SdhooU wre ruth Uufyphatdtrmi, and under which U, C CMfge^ wnUnmt at thie hnutftfoi^oy^* frwiU ^iU plunder ! Witb like d«Uly effect bsva theee Orderein Coonoll been aied •gftloet tbe Provinoial Uoivenity. We woald not be andersUod m sajiog tb»l in all, «je, er in a mwjoritj of tbe oaeee wbere peonoiary ai- Taoeea were made to U. C. College, even ibit eballow device wa« reeort ed to. [UO] Tbe very tfase witb wbiob Ordere in Coonoil ooalU, at aoj time, be evoked obviated tbe oeooeesity for tbeir frequent use. And wbeu to tbeeaav poaeibility of Orders in Coanoll we add tbe oircamitanoe that tbe Principal of U. 0. College eqjoyed, from tbe very beginning, [111] • Beat to tbe governing body of tbe University, it will be seen bow luimenMly tbe spoliation of tbe Provincial University must bave been facilitated. Tbc> College Coanoll bad tiie control of tbe flnaooial affairs of tbe Universitv ; [112J five members constitated a quorum ; [118] and, wben only five members were present, tbe Principal of U. C. College was almost always one. Take tbe following hk an illustrative example of tbe practical work- ing of tbis system. [114] There were between July 16, 1840, and April 27, 1842 (inclusive), sixteen meetings of King's College Council, at only one of which (October 21, 1840) a quorum was present. Notwithstanding the informal character of the remaining 6fteen meetings, at eleven out of that number, most important business was transacted, Ruch as the exe- cution of Deeds of Conveyance, and aL ten out of tbe eleven meetings at which the University Endowment was thus illegally disposed of, the Prin- cipal of U. G.C. formed one of the three or four members present. Wt> have no desire to press tbis matter particularly against the then Principal of U. C. College. We do not find that, in such matters, he acted otherwic. than bis predecessor bad done, or than his successor likewise did. Such unwarrantable alienation ot University property was essenti- ally part and parcel of tbe system of things inaugurated simultaneously witb the establishment of U. G. College. Now tbe theory of tbe Universit}^ Act of 1837. [115] which constituted U. C, College "an appendage of tbe UniverMty," [116] was, that while the flnancial affairs of two institutions were to be kept entirely distinct, U. C.C. was to be "subject to tbe juris* diction and control of Kiug's College," but in 1843 it was was Tound that in practice their relative positions bad became exactly reversed, and that tbe University was in a state of helpless pupiilsge to U, C. College ! " FINAL REPORT " ON U. C. COLLEGE. Notwithstanding tbe startliag disclosures of 1843 things went on cou tinuaiiygrowinir worse until, in '48, the state ot affairs bad become so alarm. 110 I( may surprise soma to learn that ai late as 1801, one thoosand pooiids Rt«r of UnUersity money were vSttm (not lent) to Upper Canada Oolle^ *' by Ordbr In Coun- cil. ''—Rnrmr's Statement for 1861, Appendix to Journal Aasemblv, 1863. 111 Pamphlet ontitled •' Proceedings at tbe Ceremony of Laying tbe Foundation Stone of Klng^s College." Toronto: Reweel^ 1843. Apaeal l ed littof Offleen, Ice., 1828- 184a 112 Charter of Ring's Cnllege, bearing date March 15. 1828. 113 Ibid. Tbfse proTlslnna were retained In tbe Act of 1837. 114 The nartlculan which follow can be readily Terified by consulting the Final Beport. page 187-146. 115 7 Wm IV. cap 16. 116 Ibid. 2 2. * VT '< '. ,., -.. .... Hi 22 THE UPPER CANADA COLIEGB QUESTION. ■ |i 'il! I.'!' ,1 ?." ing that Lord EIrId appointed a Special Commission [117] to investigate the condition of U. G. College oonjointiv with that of the University. The acting Commissioners were Dr. Joseph Workman and the late Mr. Justice Burns. The result of this thorough and most laborious Inquiry is au oct. volume or 366 pages entitled ''Final Report on K. C. University and U.U. College/' The Commissioners, after complaining of the infinite evasion and igenions obstrcles which were used to defeal the Inquiry, not only bv U. C. College, but we greatly regret to say, by the Conncil of King's College. [1 18] proceed to details. And such details probably no Commie- don of Inquiry ever before had to report, and, probably no Commission will have eV'sr again to report, unless, indeed, thefinancial history of U.C. College since 1848 may furnish materials for a second such volume. No extracts would do fuli justice to the Final Report. So complete was the confusion that it was with the utiu.-:-} difficulty that the actual land sales could be veiified. [119] The Collector of U.C. College dues frantcly atated that from the very outset he had not kept even a Caeh Book ! [120} The Bursar's Uifioe, as it existed in 1846, is def!cribed as exhibiting '^ a *' series of scaadftlous transactions which the Commissioners could have ** hardly believed could take place ia any puulic oflSce in Canada." [121] After glancing through the printed results of this investigation one is sur- prised to find that the Report was not in a very obvious sense "final" as re- gards U. C. College. That it was not fatal as well as final was no doubt owing to the simple, yet most discreditable circumstance that Toronto waH the scene of the institution's operations. Que fact, however, brought to light, could not afibrd to be deppisfd. It appeared that blt two-fipths of THE Qua UTER Million OF AoRKS THAT onck: O0N.STITUTED thb University Endowment xow (1848) remained. [120] Very nearly all the rest had been sunk in the bottomletiss quagmire situate in Russell Square, Toronto. [123] It was clear that if the solvency of the Provincial University were to be maintained, that institution must be instantly relieve^ of the exhausting drain on its resources. Accordingly the University Act of 1849, [124] (Baldwin's Act) cut adrift U. C College, giving it a separate corporate existence. [125] As the enforcement of the IJniversily claims aguinst U. C. College would have rendered the existence of the new corporation a purely spiritual one, [126] a clause was inserted in the Act, [127] cancelling by a sinuiie stroke oi the pen the grievous wrong U. C. College had inflicted on the University, and, through the University, on the whole Province. 117 The Ia8truu[ii»nt appointing the CommisaiuuerB be«rB date Jaly 20, 1848. 118 Final Report, pp. 9, sqq. 119 Final R-port patsim. It was found that 49,088 acres of the UniTersity Bn- dowmont nere endangered by wb.it is technically known as "adrerae possesulon." Tide page 6 of final Report. 120 Vide the "Prefatory Ohqerrationfl" of Oollsctor aforesaid. Final Report, page 390, and remarks by Commissioners, page 341. 121 Final Report, page 32. 122 Final Report, page 344. 123 Or, as the C tmmlratoneis (page 35) gently to phrase it, " in the nurtnring of U. 0. College at the beivy charge of the University." 124 12 Vic. cap 82. 125 Ibid 8 51. ' ' 126 Final Report, pan 867. 127 12 Vic. cap 82, 8 68. UPPBR CANADA COLLEGE DOWN TO 186u. 2S CONDITION OP THE GRAM&SAR SCHOOLS DURING THOS^ TWENTY YEARS (1830-1850). While resting for a moment at this poriod of the History of U. C. College, it may be advisable to nee bow that institution bad, during tbe flrst twenty years ol its exirtence, affectvd the Grammar Schools. The diversion to U. C. Colleire of the Royal Grants from the Grammar Schools at Kingston, Cornwall, and Niagara, 'airly, tor a time, prostrated them. Moot energetically did the Kiugnton Board of Trustees protect against that shameful act uf spoliation and most piteouoly did they represent its disas- trous consequences on what had been s, most flou'-i^biug School. In 1829, again in 1830, again in 1832. again in 1833 [12 j] do these faitbAil Truf^- teef, with the late Venerable Archdeacon Stuart at their head, imploro assistance. That highly-esteemed and most amiable minister had been tli'! first Master of ihe Kingston Grammar School, [129] and was then Chair- man of Its Board of Trustees In 1835 [13U] the Trustees make a last appeal in a document which even at this distance of time, we can hardly read without emotion. They appeal to " His Excellency's sense of jiietice '* in behalf of a District School which has been so much neglected at the " very time when an immense expense both in building and endowing U. •' G. College has been incurred." "In a very shoit time the present " Schoolhouse will be altogether uninhabitable; nnd, unless funds are '* placed at the dispofal of the Trustees, there will be absolutely no placo " in which the roaster can teach, unless he himself hire one at his own " expense." But no relief cume ; Jhe Kingston Grammar School fell into ruins ; and had not the noble-minded Arcbdracoo surrendcrpd. for the use of the pupils, his ownparlor. the School would have been dippersed. The like fact is recorded regardiug ihe Nidj-ara School. This Grammar School which, in 1823-4, could h'jaet an average attendance of 85 pupil?. — among those pijpih some of our mo^'t eminent practising lavryers at this hour, — [131] became, through the diversion, to U.C. Collpge, ol its grant, so re- duced that it was, until quite recently, compelled to take sbelier under the hoppitable roof of \U Headmaster ! To the infinite credit of the King- ston Giammac School, and many of the others, it is on record that in those, ihe days of their direst adversity, they continued to dif>pen«e free instruc- tion to a number of poor boys. [132] And herein how honorable to the Grammar Schools, the contrast between their condnct and that of U. C. College, whose first act H was, and whose unvarying policy it has since been to haughtilj repulse from its door the sons of the poor ! [133] On the records of Parliament we find during this period, many reprc- eentations similar to that of the Kingston Tru^itees. In 1830 [134] the Goro ViS Reports of District Scliools in Appeodicea to Joarnali Aasemblr. 1830. 1831 1882-3,1833-4. ■" ' 129 " University Reforrn." Report of a Public Meeting held at KIngfston, Uareh 0, 1861. At this meeting the late Venerable Archdeacon stated that he had been " the Teacher of the first public Grammar 8chool established in the City of KingRton." 130 Journal Assembly 1835, Appendix, toI. 2, pp. 11 sqq. 131 Journal Assembly 1828, Appei dix. 132 Journal Assembly 1830, Appendix. 133 The institution has oooasionally (as In the case of the late D.. Ryrie) for tfit jmrpota '/ advertising, conferred an Exhibition on a talented boy, whose nniversity preparation has been already almost, or quite, completed 'n the County Grammar BOhools. On this sat^eet more will be said afterwards. 134 Journal Assembly 1830, Appendix. ■WB-^I* Zi THE UPP£R CANADA OOUjEQE QUBBTION. (HamiltoD) Master oomplaiBt of the great ditcomfiwl of his Sobool^rooiii. la 1SS3 we find ibeN^gara Trustees imploriog help; so again in 1836. 11S5] Frequent represientatfons were made by the Master of the Newcastle district ((^obonrg) Fcbool [1S6] regarding the neglect of thai Grammar School. In the winter of 1835 [1371 the newly-appointed Broekvitle (Jobueton District) Masttif thns sadly describes with chattering toeth and despondiag heart, his Schfoalandiltfarnisblngs: room, '* cold and nncon- fortable ;" furniture, " two or three old benches and tables of no use." la ' CAUSii OF THIS CONDITION OF AFFAlKvS NOT YET RB- MOVED. Tb 135 Journal ARsembly 1833-4, Wednesday, Dee. 18, 1833 Petition of Niagara Triu- t«M. Journal Assembly, 1836, M ondAy, Feh. 15, Petition of Niagara Trastaea. 136 Journal Aoaembly 1836, Friday, Feb. 6 Joamal Assesibly 1836-7, Movem^ier 14, 1836. Ibid, Jan. 12, 1837. Journal Asaembly 1837-8, January 19, 1838. 137 Jonmal Asmmbly 1836, Appendix Vol 2. Seas. Paper No 46. 138 47 Geo. III., cap. 6. 139 As exhibitions of this feeling, ire have the repeated r^ieetion, by tha Lagislative Gotincil, of Honey Bills, intended for the relief of tbe OraniBUr and the jMmmon , or intended fat the AstUtinee ot suieh Itutittftloas as th« OMntham Academy. Sehools 140 Oonaoliiated Qrammar Sehoel Act 1 8: Ofaaonur Bshmrt IMantV( (ises) 86. ^ It A«t, UPPSB GAMA.DA. COLLB6K DOViJH TO 1850. ;:;> tftt Gkanmar SJtottFmdqfAe U. 0. (Mltgtt Endottmtnt whitA wot ftxaubiSaa- IpahttradedihtMffom. Tb«re is, however, a diffiballjr of aootber kind itUl r««»MMd, esn be warmed or ean be provided \9ith< the moitf necfleesry idiool apparatus, aolera^ in deed, fee* are impoaed Grammar and Common Schools. Bnfc in such anions the Grammar School Trustees are at a great disadvantage. They are now in towns and cities, far outnmttbered by the Common dcliool Trustees ; and though cases happily do exist in which the latter most honorably abutain from abasing their advantage, still this grossly unequal representaftion of interests, must, in a clear majority of cases, prove 13 fertile source of injury to Grammar Schools. It is simply waste of argnment to discuss whether a union of Graramb,.' and Common Schools is, in itself, injurious. Such » union is, as matters now rest, ab^^olutely essential to the very existence of nearly every Grammar Scbool in the Province ; and any measare looking towards the dissolution of such unions must be prbobdbd, not follow FD, by a measure adequately providing for the independent maintenance of tbe Grammar •Schools. The flrst union on record arose out of the depredations of IT. C. Col lege. The Master of the Niagara Grammar School, [111] having found himself unable, owing to the loss of the Royal Grant, to provide assistanco in teaching, struck on the expedient of uniting the not then numerously attended Common School to his own, and thus gaining the servicps of an assistant Master. IV. U. G. OOLLEQE 1850-1867. Baldwin's University Act [U2] came into force on the first of January 1860. This Act, which converted King's ColTege into the University of Toronto, cut U. C. College adrift and bestowed on it a separate corporate 142 1»VI«. •a. 26 THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION, oxiBtence. [143] As before menUoned, tbe Statute coudoned tbe iorol- venoy of tbe latter [144] and enabled it to re-oomnvnoe. with a oleau balance sbeet. what we must call the Third Phane of ite existence. It bad been launched into- being with thirteen unincorporated TruBteee as its guardians ; it bad, in March, 1833, [145] by a simple act of tbe Lieutenant Governor, and, subsequently, in March, 1837, by a formal Act of the Legislature, [146] been transferred to the control of King's College Council : now in 1850 tbe experiment was to be tried of giving it an indepenQent corporate existence. Tbe general management was to be confided to the Principal and four others, tbe latter to be appointed by the Grown. U. C. COLLEGE UNDER THE BOARD OP ENDOWMENT. To watch over its financial concerns the Act constituted a Board ot Endowment, [147] coDif>isting o! five persons, three of whom were to form a quorum. Tbe same Board was to exercise tbe like control over tbe University finances. [148] The Statute enters into tbe most elaborate details calculated to check the improvident sale of tbe U. C. College Endowment: to check also the borrowing of money. [149] Finally, in order to keipp tbe expenditure within tbe income, it wai provided by Section LXXV, that uny deficiency in income was to be made good by a j)ro ro^ deduction from tbe various salaries, which in terms ot Section LXXIV were to constitute tbe fifth charge on tbe Income Fund. We enter into these details, first, in order to show that tbe mo«t careful legis- lation has hitherto failed to effect any improvement in U. C. College ; and, .seuondly, because regulations to almost precisely the same eflec^ have, within two years, been again resorted to, by Order in Council. [150] iJii U. C. COLLEGE AS A BODY CORPORATE. It may have been fairly anticipated that, out of mere shame for the way in which tbe Institutiuii had previously abused the forbearunce of tbe country, U. C. College would, for a time at all events, have refrained from acts of extravagance. But at tbe close of the year 1850, the first year of its corporate existence, there was a deficit of $670.45 ; and at tbe end of tbe following year (1H50.) a deficit of $978.90. For the year end* ing Dec, 1851 tbe mere " Incidental Expenses" amounted to $3183.91. [1611 While this experiment in Legislation was yielding results so hopeless, it was found that tbe buildings in which the Institution was houced. were in the same delapidated condition as tbe Institutions' credit. In 1S51 the Principal ot U. C. College makes lugubrious laments on tbe ruinous state 143 §51. 146 Final Report, pages 169, 170. . . ^ 146 7 Wm. IV., cap. 16. 147 12 VIo. cap. 82, gg 21, 69. / 148 §22. . , 149 JJ80, 66, 71. 160 Upper Canada Oollag*. Retarn, Uid befor* the Ontario AaMmbly, 1868, p. 8. 161 Reports of the Board of Kndowment for 1860 and 1861, respectivelj. ,'h\- iii^- \i.^f W:.- UPPER CANADA COLLEGE 1850—1867. 27 of the wbole structure. [152] And yet, up to Deo. Slat, 1849, there had bee*^ expended on the buildings the enormous sum of $81,762.20. [163.] THE LAST EXPERIMENT IN LCGISLATION. With Buob results from all previous legislation, it does seem nothing short of judicial tufatuation to have again experimented in the same direction. The University Act of 1853, [154] (•• Hincks' Act,") which still continues in force, terminated the pbort and discreditable corporate existence of U G- College, and once more placed it under the manage- ment of the Senate of the Provincial University., Its Uuancial affairs, as heretotore. were to be kept wholly distinct from those of the latter Insti- tution and were to be managed by a Bursar, under the direction of the Governor in Council. ILLEGAL REVIVAL OP THE BOARD OF ENDOWMENT. The Act of 1853 having repealed [155] that of IH9, under which latter the Board of Endowment bad been constituted, and having substi- tuted a new system of management, it of course follnwed that the Board was ipso f ado dissolved. But, us we suppose, in compliment to the Board's brilliant manasement of '.be U. C. College fiuauces, from 1850 to 1853 inclusive, this expensive superfluity then happily, and, as it was hoped, for ever defunct, was reviv«d by means of the old cabalistic device— an Ordtfr in Council. [156.] The next step was quite in keeping with the foregoing. In compliance with a memorial of the Bursar, the Executive attached a saUry of $4UU per annum to bis position as Chairman of this Board. [157] Not only so : arrears at the same rate were paid from 1854, the year in which th« office had been abolished by Act of Parliament. [158] Mr.David Buchau appeared before the University Select Committee of 1860. in his two-told character of Bursar and Chairman of the Board of Endowment. While explaining his somewhat ghostly functions he is good enough to observe : " I and the Board of Endowment with me have had " to make the income to a great extent." The peculiar propriety of the order of words. [1^^] "I **"d ^be Board," which by the way strongly renilndx us ot the " Ego et Kexmeua'* of Cardinal Wolsey — becomes apparent when we mention that on the examination of Mr. David Bucban in 1860, the Chairman iippeared to be the only representative of the Board. It appeared that this ^'.advisory body," as the Bursar ia pleased [160] to designate it, was well nigh defunct for the second time. SCENE IN PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE : Examination of Mr. David Buchan, Chairman of Board of Endowment: " Question 286. How many meetings were there last year? Am. ihere have not been many meetings. 152 '' Report of the Principal of Upper Cansda College for 1851 " 163 Barmr'B Return, laid before Legislative Assembly in 1866, pace 62. 154 16 Tic cap. 80 (Oonsolidated Statutes 22n■ RECENT ADVANCES TO U. C. COLLEGE OUT OF UNIVBBSITY FUNDS. We find that in the same year (1858), the Uuiverrfty^Mle advanced to U. C. College (inclusive of 45 day's interest) $1750.00, whieb bar* been received from tbe Bishop of Toronto in settlement, we presume, of a note 161 Report of UniTenity Gommiuion, 1861. 162 Bnmr*! Statement for 1864. . ^ ^ 163 Baraar'i atateineiit for 1865. " ItiiBome i^i4 AAsoant.^ 164 " Upper Okiud* College. The JMintt's StatSment of Oiuih Trassaetiona tar tke rear ending December 81, 18t8." UPPER CANADA COLLGQE 1850—1867. 29 held againtt bim by the Uoiversity. NotwUbatoDdiog, however, this ad- vance there was still the eoormous deficit above mentioned. We have now ^lefore us the Bursar's Statement for 1859 : Income $26^694.69 : Expenditure 932,766.98 ; Deficit $6072.29. £166] Now we have those for 1860: Income $28,604.59 ; Ezpenditore $35,962.26 ; Deficit $7357.67. [166] This year witnessed another and stUI larger advance to U. C. College made by the University Senate out of University Funds. And yet this gift of £1000 sterling did not prevent the above deficit in the U. C. College accounts. It will not be surprising to any one to hear that this scandalous transaction was shielded by the>old resort— an Order in Council. [167] Was the Provincial University in a position at this time to lavish Provincial money on a Toronto School ? Let u« see t At the close of the very year which witnessed this advance, we find that the Pro- vincial University was in debt to the large amount of $28,201.79 and (bat there was a net deficit for the following year alone of $11,- 057.07. [168] Still more amazed are we to find in this latter year (1861) the Senate attempting to make good theit advances to U. C. College by reducing the number of University Scholarships, and reducing the value of the Gold and Silver Medals! [169] The Scholarships given for the assistance of indigent talent must needs be cut down from 61 to 32, [170] though the attendance of students was 229 fa 1861 against 206 in 1860 ; and the Gold and Silver Medals must needs be clipped, and all for what ? to supply U. C. College with the meaus of iodaljp;iog its senseless extrava- gance. The paltry sum representing tb^ cost of M^als and Prises must be reduced, when the year immediately preceding the reduction a sum amounting to very many times their total cost had been presented as a free gift to U. C. College. As to the reduction in the number of Scholar- ships : that number, when placed at €1, may possibly have been excessive, — though, in a country oircumstanoed as Canada is, we doubt it,— but the reason for the reduction assigned by the Senate most distinctly precludes any «ttcb consideration. It was simply owing to lack of funds, and this lack of funds was itself owing to the amount advanced in the previous year to U. C. College. If the number of the Scholarships in the Provincial University be excessive, then, on that ground, reduce the number, but we must most vehemently protest against this reduction being made in oider to advance Provincial funds to a Toronto School. The nomber of Students on the University Register today is, we believe, rather more than twice the number in 1861, and yet the number of Scholarships in 1868 [171] is very little in excess of half the nomber as it stood in 1860. From all of whion we infer that the following extraordinary rnle prevails : tfa« number of Scholarchips awarded is inversely as the number of students oompetinf ! The reason for this state of things is, alas! tuo manifieet. The Uoiversity is, at the present moment, reeling under the weight of a debt amounting to between sirty cmd $e9mij/ 4houtand dollars. [172] This debt, of coarse. 166 Pittoforl8ft9. 168 Ditto for yMur ending 31«t DMmb«r, 1860. :1S7 .13«lT«nitgr.of1}eruto. BurMr^ StateiMnta for 1860. 168 UaliTMvltyotVofODto. DarMn'sStalemeDtsiBr 1860, 1861. 169 Beport«ftke8MiateoftheUniv«raityefTor«itk>ft>rie6L J3«w.P«p«r8 for 1463. ITO IMd. . ,.. 171 "na niiinber oflBehtriMifaipvnowtifl^red annoaUjibreoBimtltton u m foUowf : lnArta,aA} Hedlolne,4; L«w,4; Total, 82. WherMU, io ICCO, the total nantber iiM,ttM|i^««t»ted. 61. 172 Toronto Unirertitjr. Betam,1868. .■?i'i-»™-3iii-Ir!..Si, Tl-^h. THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. effeotaally preveiats the instttatlon flrom expanding with thereqalrements of this rapidly growing ooantry. Now. as a very email rraotiun oi ibe sum wbich has, from time to time, been extorted from the University by U. C. College, would ite sufficient to effiue this enormous debt, is it unfair to attribute the iireseut crippled condition ot the Universltv to the continued existence ot U. C College ? While Toronto newspapers nave been making a silly bugbear ol the so-called Denominational Colleges as \tthey threat- ened the protp«rUy of the University, the very kxistknck of that 'ustitution is being imperilled by a nondescript School which continues, unmolested, its operations in Toronto Itseli I ME. CHRISTIE'S " RETURN." While the public mind is occupied with the dangers threatening the Provincial University, it will, we lancy, be too indignant to award much attention to the precise amount of the mott recent (ltPou the records of Parlia- ment ; uor do we find any mention of a rejection of these Statements by the Printing Comn^ittee. The accounts for 18(il appear, moreover, only In connection with the Journal for 1863. [173] All ibis is of course in dir- ect coHtravention of the University Act of 1853 (Consoliduted Statutes 22 Vict. cap. 62 § 72) which eovcts thut it Fbull be the duty of the Bur- sur to lay annually before the Legiflature a Detailed Account, "and tuch Annual Account sliall shew, among other ibings :" (clnuKes 1.2, 3, 4.) The number of acres of land diBpoi^ed of: the 'amount received tor the same ; the number of Hcres remaining unsold itc. : (cluusc 5.) the amount of cap- ital inve8t(d and the amount expended to the end cf the preceding year : (claui^e 6.) the Income and Expenditure with deiails regaiding the same. On the violntinn of ibis express provision rf the law being made known to Robert tbrislie. Kfq, M. P. P. for North Wentbwortb, Mr. Christie with a sense of public duty for which be deserves tlie gratitude, not alone of the Grammar School Masters, lut of the whole l^iovince, brought the mutter under the attention ot the Assembly, and si cured u Return [174] which partially supplies the infoimation that ou(tbt to have been voluntarily uff'oided by the Bursar in eaob year. This R« turn afi'oids, and that only in abstract, the information (1861— June 3U, 1867) r< quired by clause 6 above cited. The particulars required by the remaining clauses of the StHtute continue still uttsupplied, except, as previously elat- ed, in tiie case of ISiil, the accounts fur wbich year will Uv found in the Journal of the Legislative Assembly for 1863. On opening Mr. Christie's Returu and referring to 1861 the first matter that arrests our attention is the apparent discrepancy between this Statement for 1861 and the one co'itained in iheJournallorl863 In the latter, the Bursar of U.C.College In- forms us that the total Expenditure lor 1861 was $3^,493 16 and now,ia the recent Statement lor the same year, the Expendituie is stated at only $26,425 61). Onclosir examination we lind however, that the discrepancy 173 Journala AsMBibly 1808. -SeSd l'ap«ral&— 79." 174 Upper OanadaCiIluca. Ketarn (o an AMr«H by tta« LegiiUtlTe AMvmblr. d«t«d 14th Kbroary, 1808. ■ vi"„iai.",%fci£Wii:j,'> V-6'i»t.->-i. ^^.^~i•■i^,-. ■:.SK-iC/; 'i>!di .iaft'ifc!' ■ii'^^fi";.;?"-, i UPPER CANADA COLLEGE IbfiO— 1867. 31 is only appftreot. The BaUoce is the tame and the more f«vorable result is obtaiDid by the judioious use of a system of offlwts placed Id ioDev oolumoB. Whatever the object of thii> device mav have been,- a device the Bursar in uo,pre\ious Parliamentary return had resorted to,— the effect of thus arranging the figures is to give U C. College the illusory appearance of Bpendiug much less than that institution actually does. Thus in the accounts for lH6i. on the Bursar'« two miides of exhibiting the expenditure, there is u difference amounting to $6,U(i7 6&. As we have above stated the Balance is the same, this Balance being the debt, ((exclusive of interest and University advances.) incurred by D.C. College from 1860 to 1861 in- clusive, and this debt amounting to SI 1, 967 or an average annual deficit for those twelve years of nearly SIOUO. Correcting the accounts for the following year ( 1 862) as above indicated, that is to sav as they would form- erly have been exhibited, and talcing the Balance at the Bursar's pbewing, we obtain the following results : Nominal Expenditare $35,050 05 ; Real Expenditure $40,227 05 ; Net Deficit fur the year 1862, as stated by the £ursar, $3627 22. [175] Jn addition to the above enormous expenditure on account of the Income Fund for 1861 and l'<62, we notice also that in- roads to an extraordinary extent were made, during those years, on the Capital AccouDt,— [176] in 1861 to the amount of $2400; in 18(>2 further inroads amounting in the grora to $7,183 55 As may have been anticipated the wonted Orders in Council came to the rescue! In 1863 there was a surplus, which is not to be wondered at when we remember the merciless depletion of Capital that occurred during the two preceding years. In 1864 the normal condition of things was resumed, that is of course there was a large defluit, no lees an amount than $5,254 26. The debt of the institution accuratilated since Jan. 1 1850, was at the end of 1864 $19.- 839 76 exclusive of interest. The year 1865 was a broken one, owing to the assimilation of the U. C. College fiscal year, to that of the Province. [177] In 1865 the extravagant outlay of U. C. College appeitrs lo have attracted the attention of the Governor- General, for we find an Order in Council, dated'Dec. 21, 1865, [178] laying down rules of management al- most idtintical wiib tboHcfruiiiePs r<-gulaiioua to be found in the Univer- sity Act of 1849. [179] OurioiH to discover whether a mure Order in Council could effect, in bebalf of U. C. College, what repented Acts of the Le);if)|tiriire have wholly failed to accomplif'b. we turn up the accounts for 1^66[l80] and we are not disappointed: Net Deficit $1657 18! For 1867 the Receipts in the Income Appropriation Account exactly covered tbe Ex- penditure. [181] 1867 has, no doubt therefore been already celebrated, ip turgid College verse, as Annus Mirabilis— '^ The Year of Wonder." II THE RESULT OF THE LAST ATTEMPT TO LEGISLATE FOB U. C. COLLEGE. We are now in a position to estimate the success- that has attended tbe lateot Legislative experiment in behalf of U. C. College. As we approach the present time we find the average annual deficit constantly 176 Mr. Christie's Return. Bursar's BUtement of Ineoue and Expenditure for 1862. 176 Notes appended to Bnrsar^s Statement! for IWl and 1862. 177 Mr. Christie's Betarn, page 6. 178 Ibid, page 8. .179 Vide tupm, 180 Mr. Ohrlatie's Betarn, page 9. 181 Ibid,pag»16. sMiM. TUK UPFBR OAKADA COLLEGE aB«tara,]Mg*'2;.aUo,Mg«18. 184 In 1881 $2,400 yiu withdrawn from 619 Pannanmt 9«iid ; hi jMSS. two sniat MMnintlii|^lnth«groH,to$7,18S66, vide Bnrwr'a notes to BtateiiMBteftw 1801 and 1802 iMpeetively. 186 Barm's Statement! for 1801. 8«M. Pipeni Ibr 1888. 180 Barmr'i Statements in Mr. Obrtatle'i Return. UPPER CANADA COLLEGE 1860— 18G7. lis .Ul\ - t' lield reepoDilble— not Ietf>t amoDg tbeso evil reialtR, tbo permanent Impov- eriebnMDt of one hundred Onunniar Schools, and tbo well -nigh accoui- pliebed mln of the Proviocfal Unlveriltjr. ,^ ^ ■^. , r ^ ^ ^ ,f, INNER LIFE OF U. C. COLLEGB., ^5J Irrrmo'J *i' It has been, from tbo first, the sinGCuUr privilege, or, to speak tnoru correctly, the singular misfortane, of II. C. Collese, to enjoy immunity from public inspeotion. As earlv as 1833, [187] tno House of Assembly made representations on this suoject to the Imperial Government. And the shallow mystery. In wbioh the institution thus contrived, at the be- ginning to wrap its proceedinss.has been perpetuated to this hour. Thu present Principal of U. C. Uollego reminds us that the inspection of that institution is in the hands of a Committee ot tho Senate or the Uni- versity ot Toronto. It is quite true that a Statute of tho University [188] makes provision for the appointment of such a Committee and pro- Fcrlbei its duties, but it is equaliv true, that such Committees, if really operative at all, have never yet laid before Parliament that full aud pai-< t icnlar information which is exacted by tbo Educational Department of 1 he humblest School in tbo land. Only once or twice on the records of Parliament, can we find a Report of the Senate, relative to U. C. College, exceeding a few lines in length. Of the very few exceptions to this general rule tho Report for 1860 [189] constitutes one ; and that Report is almost wholly occupied with an antediluvian discussion on Corporal Punishment. It was actually then decided, that the wholesale employ- ment of " rattan canes," [190] was not abtofuuly essential to the acquisi- tion of knowledge. Happy decision ! Happy, happy College Masters ! ! Thrice happy Collego boys ! ! ! We ought not to complain of the lengtli of the Comraitleo's Report for 1860, — though its relevancy is certainly rather problematicalj-^for wo find, as above stated, that length is not tho ))re7ailing vice of tho few Reports scattered throughoUi tho Sessional I'apcrs. Ill 18G2 the whole Report regarding U, C. College occupies six lines of print, and those six lines do not contain half that number of in- structive facta. The most promiti'^nt place in the Report is aflbrded to the exhilarating circumstance that a largo additional sum of Grammar School money had been then recently squandered on the U. C. College Hoarding House. All the small residue of tho Report consists of tho vaguest generalities regarding an institution whoso total expenditure for that year, (1862) was, as the Bursar informs us, $35,050 05, (192). Now this brief Report for 1862 is the latest to be found among tho Parliament- ary Papers, aud it is not probable that the Reports of so august a body as the Senate of the University of Toronto, would, if really presented, 187 Journal Assffmbly 1^"5, Apieadix Vol. 1. 188 TJiilTersity Statutes. Toronto: RowtseH. .statute I.II. (repe&liiifr j! 1 ofStatntf XXVI.) fixes the number of th« "Committee of tJ.C. C. ' at tire iiiemt»er».— three t>> form a quorum. The dntioH of ttaifi Committee are deflaed by ?tatuto XXVI. jiiJ i'— S — liy the way, why are not the UniverHity Stttutei now published '! ho thi"it. Statutes fonstltutn the Lfx JVjm S:ripta of Unlvtrsity Jurifprudfnce ': 1^S0 Journal AKtembly 1S<)1. Seas. Paper No. IT. 1!K) Vidr.tuprv. . , ., '"'I'.' •;■''' ' . ' 101 Journal Aisembly 1'<but Mcessarjr datails of a Sob^ol. ThroMh w»o;t of properlj-prepared Reports regardipf tf. 0. Oollege. ibcLegtsUiore hMhad,--m the fioe of ptreigjptory eiiaotminti 0(NlipeUug eiioh4M>QB»iloii;— to rtiort to AMrMNf to the OoTemor, Iq ofdj/ir to aeeore Betomi. And, evea then, PtrU»«eai may cQQgratoUte ttMlf it thedeoaodlsconpUed with. In IIM [198] the LegtolaUveJUsetaibly •ddressefl His Bzoellenoy for e detftfled Report regardiog V. C. (k^lege. The reply was a very Inoomplete Return, which dismisrad, in the oiost oontenptnoos manner, the demtuds of Parliament. It hsoame ieto»lly necessary forihe Assembly again [198] to address Sis Excellendy, before the desired lofturmatlon waiforthcomlnff. fib true Is U. 0* Oolleae to Its traditions, Asit, remembering U hM been established in 1830. in deflsBoe of a weak LegMatnre, It ventured, In 1856, on the perlloua experiment of giTing the rebuff direct to »Body in possession of foU Legis- lative powen. And so anih we dnd it adDtaig In 1 868, when ibe Assemoly demands, by ai Address /[ISS] a ^'detailed etatement" of the attendance of popils during 18f7, The Assembly, In 1856, understood such a Report to &.ean one giring " the munber of Students, distinguishing the Day Students, their residences, religion, and age ;" but, when Parliament in 1868 demands a " detailed statement," the reply of the Principal of U. C. College is : "1867 total, 244." [196.] ' ;". The practical result of the system of supervision pursued in U. C. College has ^een that the Legislature has been Icept \vliolly in the dark, and that the casual visitor at the institucion has been permitted to seo just so much of its working as the Principal has thought proper. Mr. Gockburn enlarges, rather gratuitously, on the facilities afforded by him to visitors, and takes especial credit for an invitation extended to the Grammar School Inspector. We think that if the Principal of U. C. Coliegv reconsiders the matter, he will remember that, in this particular instance, the request came to him, not from him. We are, further, qf opinion that, on more extended acquaintance with the late Grammar School Inspector, Mr. Gockburn would hr^ve found him, — possibly to his advantage, — to be not only "anintelligevi , 1865 iM- Barrett, M. P. 1S60 !M. Barrett, M. D. : Iklathematics. i History and Bn;;. Urancben, I : Chemistry. ; Modern Languaf^es. i History and Eng.Branchos.j i M&tkomatics. I Chemistry. i Modern Languages. : Classics. ; 'lodern Languages. i Classics. i History and Eng. Branches, j '■■ Physiology and Cow.Anat'y I i Modern Languages. j : .Modern Languages. Physiology and Com. Anat'y j : Do do I Do do Teacher of Mathematics. Piincipalof IJ. C.C. Eng. Blaster k Lee. on Chein- istry and Physiology. Teacher of Oerman lian. Principal of U. 0. C. Teacher of Mathematics. Eng. Master t Leo. onObeiit- istry and Physiology. Teacher ot German Lan. Classical Master. Teacher of German Lan. Classical Master. PrincipalofU. C. C. Eng. Master A liCc. on Phy- siology and Chemistry. Teacher of Mod. Languages. Teacher of Mod. Language!^. Eng. Master & T^ec. on Phyx. .Do flo Do do From the above Table it appears that in 1857 three of the Masters of U. C. College were Examiners in the University. By a singular co- incidence, in that year, U. C. College had no less than two representa- tives in the University Senate, viz. : Rev. W. Stennett and Dr. Barrett ; and by a coincidence, more singular still, these two representatives in the Senate were also Examiners. It is surely not possible that these <;ertlemen nominated themselves to Examinerships ? It also appears from the Table that, in 1858, no less than four of the Masters of U. C. College were Examiners at the University. The two coincidences above noticed, again, unfortunately meet us here. We are aware that it has been urged that, because Dr. Barrett was also connected at that time with a School of Medicine that, therefore, he ought not to be regarded as the representative of U. C. College. But this is solemn trifling ; for U. C. College, no doubt, obtained, by his presence in the Senate, an addi- tional vote tvhere her interests were in question. And thus it happeneil >-Ti;*-,^;m'*. * 16 Vic. Cap. 89 g 2e. " ■ -pt. v " )*.'9 Compiled from the I'nlveisily Kxamtrution I'apers for the various year«. IJ. C. C. AND TilE OTHER GUAMMAR SCHOOLS. [it tiiat in meetings of the University Senate, when only a quorum waa in attendance, U. C. College required but the casting vote of the Chairman to carry any measure whatever 1 In his letter to the Toronto newspapers Mr. Cockburn affirms that when, in 1861, he acted as Un'yersity Exam- iner he was not Principal of U. C. College. But here, as in innumerable other passages of that audacious epistle Mr. Cockburn's memory appears to be treacherous. We have now before us evidence which would go td show that Mr. Cockburn was made Principal in June, 1861 ; and that the irniversity Examinations took place during the Fall of the same year. And in this connection it appears to us somewhat strange that Mr. Cockburn has not, as an Examiner, represented U. C. College more than once, while his subordinates have been repeatedly chosen, since 1861, to fill that position. Mr. Cockburn assumes, rather unnecessarily, that while Examiner in the University, he filled that position as the repre- sentative of the Grammar School Masters. The Masters will probably decline such involuntary representation ; nay more, they will no more permit one of their own number to occupy a seat in the Senate, than ther will the Principal of U. C. College. On once more referring to the Table, it will be seen that it is pre- cisely in the least excusable direction that these most objectionable .appointments have been made, viz., in the subjects of Chemistry, Physi- ology, and Modern Languages. Now, there is certainly, in Canada, no such lack of scientifically-trained Physicians on the one hand, or of highly cultivated Frenchmen and Germans on the other, no such lack, we repeat, as to compel a resort to U. C. College Teachers as Exam- iners in those subjects. It is quite possible, also, we conceive, to find, beyond the pale of that institution, gentlemen possessing a competent knowledge of History and of the English Branches. It will. not do to say, " We cannot procure a supply of Examiners," until a visible effort has previously been made to do so. It is customary with the University of London [200] to invite, by means of annual advertisements, stating the amount of remuneration offered, applications for Examinerships. Has the University of Toronto ever done so ? If the remuneration offered is not sufficiently large to attract men of cultivation, then increase the remuneration ! It is certainly not in this direction that a saving should be attempted. Judging from the needy advertisements constantly recur- ring in the English papers, there would be no difficulty experienced in bringing out anuually, as Examiners, Honor Graduates of Oxford, Cambridge, and London, provided a small remuneration beyond their actual travelling expenses were offered. " Lack of funds " may not be pleaded in arrest of judgment ! Certainly the gratuity of JClOOO stg. [201] bestowed by the University of Tc ron to. in 1860, on U. C. College would hare been amply sufficient to have defrayed such expenses for that year, and have thus saved the University a scandal. Nor would there be any difficulty experienced in holding all the University Examinations at the same period of the year, provided the desire to do so w&re sufficiently strong. Whatever arrangement may be made, it is felt by all to be high timo that the examination of University students by their own Teacheri< 200 Vide the London Athenaum for many years past. 201 Bursar's i^talvirineats above quoted. ^1 THB UPPBR CANADA COLLEGE (QUESTION. ebould ceaie,wbetl)^r (Uoio Teicbcri be known iB?i«^fcifbri. or h^ttnt^p, or Umtit, No T«Mh«r, no OniAUt liow lofty bii«-^be forthMth snppreiised. Thus, and thus only, will their eonfidenee in the purity of University administration be restored. 904 The Tcronlo&Iofteof Jan. 8, 1808, usames, oditorUUy, tooon«etthltatat«H#Bt, a statemant unanimouBljr lUBUined by « large meeting of Grammar Sekool Haaten. 205 PabUehed by It. Kowsell, Toronto. 206 Toronto : H. Rowsell. _L^ 40 THE UPPKI*. CANADA COL..EOE QUESTION. .^:t:'\^:itni'i •-i.a IT. C. COLLEGE EXHIBITIONS. [207] ■.frtjsjjii. 'Mr. Cockburn apparently justifies the insult which he ai present iinnually offers to Grammar School Masteis, in his Exhibition Circulars, liy the following considerations : 1. The alleged assistance given to poor boys by means of these Exhibitions. 2. The alleged fact that U. C . College is "something more than a Grammar School." 3. The alleged Tact that, in any case, the quality of the teaching done at U. C. College i3 superior to the instruction offered by Grammar Schools. These alle- j^ations we shftll proceed to examine seriatim. 1. How far are poor boys assisted in "preparing for the University by obtaining U. C. College Exhibitions ? These Exhibitions arc awarded annually on an examination in the subjects of the 4th and the &th forms. That is to say, a boy must havc- completed the most important part of his University preparation before lio is assisted in prepar' -^i]p.t\i^'tW¥'m-* '^i^if^mim^ listj Hv-xl^ tvm'^iiim'^'-^- , 2. Is Upper Canada College anything more than a Grammar School i But Mr. Cockburn alleges that U. G. College is " something more than a Grammar School." Against this statement we might content our- 210 From Bonar's Statement for 1867 (Mr. Cbrlstie's Return, page 16) it appearo that daring that year Mr. Cockburn received three-ibrtleths of the Board dues, whieh yielded him the sum of $336.34. 211 In eatimating the time spent by any pupil at U. C. College, it is to be borne in mind that, hfter deducting the Taeatlons, the College jear consists of about nine months. 42 THB UPPBR CANADA OOLLBGB QUBSTION. Btlres iritb Mtting the rtitemttd deolttation of the L«giilaMr» tlUit »t hM Muv, ftt timtt, somttbing odnsiiafftUj Mt tbaH; » Gntnaar dvhoiol 1 Tlie tbrrjireTiTAt of th6 old Hoim DUMet 8ttbo<>l, wUob it to-d«^ ktomn as th« Toronto Oonkity QruniMr 86bl, is suiBtittat etidtne* of tbft estimate placid hf tha Legiritttnra on U. C. OoUagt. It may, bawerer, bfl iliitfuotiTe ta IM #b«t tb4l inatitntits it» at iU own modaat sha^isg^ tba bcgrs 6t t7. C. Oollege aril otawified in six forma, tha Isi and ^bd of wbio^ tbai in ilie two lowest ib iba IScbool, being donbM. Tbf bojl in the biffbeflit or sixth rorm are engaged in pileparmg for the UqiTersib ) and thii form will therefore correipoiid to the University Clasii of a Gouniy Orammar School. On the other band, Btr. Oockbarn inf&nni lis [212] that for admission to the I'Jt, or lowest farm, a knowledge of the " ~'"" and Dictation, Writ- 1. following sabjeets is r^Dir«^ : " Beading. Spelling i ing and the first Four Ralea of Arithmeuc." From this it appears that no knowlisdge whatever of ^ndiisb Orammar is presumed in bojs occu- pying the FirsiForm of tJ. 0. College, the use of the word " College" in connection with such a fact forms a fine example of anti-climai I As a matter of course boys entering the " Colligo" in such a state of mental destitution as regards the Qrammak' of their mother tongue must naturally ispend a rerf considerable portion of their time on this neg- lected branch. We accordingly learn from llr. Cockbnrn [213] that m " the First and Second Forms the studies are mainly Bnglish." Mr. Sten- iiett, the predecessor of the present Principal, is even more exact. Be in- forms us that [214] in these forms of the College, "more than two-third* of the time drecUvoted to the etenentt of an Et^Uth EducaiiOiif -an Amount of time and attention ti^hicb, under the cii^cumstances, we dhduld be very far affirming, is ^xcfassive ! Mr. Stennett, furtbdrmbre, informs us [2151 that "boyft gtme^ally ent^r at the a|^e oi eight or nine yealrs." Judg- ing from th^ extrei^d ^^r^rity of thd itatrtcul&tidn Examination, Tre should have conjeteturdd that sii oi: seVen yeiti^ Would be the average ageof thesb Infitnt aspitants fbr " Coltogiate '^ Hondrd. Nd#, iniib- much ftb, in addition to higber ^tiitllfibatiobs in other r6spects,thb Gram- mar debool Inspector dtitbands from pupils entering the GtammAr School!) that knowledge 6f i^nglish Gittibmar wbiob, it apHMfft, is obiy itc^uired in a. a. College, b;^ aisiddous itttendan(^ on Lectures, it lA manifest that, befbre We cdmj^ilre the coit 6t\j. C. College ccosidet^d ai a Grammar SdbbOl, With ihh other Grttmmar Scbodlb of the Protlnte, We must previous:^ Mije6t Arote thi Attendkbce, tUosii intferbdting, thoushbAck- Wiird, childt^ii who beldb^ to tb4 Fiht College Fotm. It ii in flk6t exceedingly tiiiestionable Whether a majbrity of all the pupils in the Second Farm would pass the scrutiny of the Grammar School Inspectbt*. Concede, however, this to be the case. Now the attendance of First Fortti pupils Will certainly constitute ndt 1^ tbtii bbe fourth of the total attendance of the "College." . [216*] It will therefore, become necessary 212 U. 0. Collegk Oiirealar, hal&. Vide Return for that xear. U. C. C. AND fBt OtHER GRAMHAft SCHOOLS. 43 ia Mtittiithig tbo cost id tlie ProTitaeis, u we shall afterwards do, of a Uigh Bcfaodl '^'r^Biqg, is acquired In U. C. College, to take as the (MBii of ct 4il4tioD, tbree-fotoHln of tbat initKiiUon's nomiiial at- tendance. TM fA^li whieh irh tta^e jMI r^6dttnt(»d will,^e iftxAi ^vifH^ W thb^ that U. 0. Obllege iS), tfkiQt kll, bikt « inMe {d^i^iihg iiam« toie #h*t iH at once an brdlhiir^ kUd te eii^ortllnary tJntoh (MtiMiar 6(ihbo1^6r- dinktf in disoipliM kM t^mtt, eJi(raorditilii7 iil ei|)enditQr«, in pirrrll- . egesy And in ^reteiisiot)!. 3. Jlleged superiority of the ietiching done in U. C. College over the instruction offered ih the QtamrhAr School*. ii'i ^i/,;•iit"f»i;ul;•(• The third reason by wfaioh Mr. Oockburn justifies the drafting of pu- pils to U. C. College from the Granlttar Schools is, in every respect, worthy of its modest author,— the Alleged superiority of the teaching % Kingston and Cabourg, will isiaturall;jr send their students to the nearefettTniversity, rather than to the TJniveriBity of Toron- to, and, in any cAse,, tl^e number of pupUs sent to the Uhiversilieij will whoily fail to repreiient the more important part of the Gr&minar School work, fiven in wealthy England, not more than 36 per ceiit of Jll the Grammar Schbol boys proceed to the Universitiiis. It is tru* thai, by a 2ie For isee, Mr. OMkbum talis os t&at the total attendance oT U. 0. 0. #li« 284, (Ur. Ohrlatl^a Retura p. 17,) and the Bursar telle oe (p.7^ that the total enenditare waa $lfl^.61. V*r the aame year the total attendanee of Kingston Oranunar Sebopl was 8S (Report of Chief flaJMrintendent for 1866, p. 102,) and the total expenditure wae «3271.77, (Ibidp.92.) 44 THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. j udicious system of OoTernment Scholarships, sufficiently liberal to sup- port a student, daring an academical career of four years, at that Univer- sity which, by its diseipline is acceptable to his parents, or by the super- iority of its teaching is attractive to himself— it is true, that in this way the flow of students towards our various Universities may be great- ly increased ; yet, after all, the Grammar Schools must remain what they have hitheito been both in England and Canada, the Seats of Learn- iug for the masses of the people. Not a few of the greatest writers in our language owed all their education to Grammar Schools. England l» not likely soon to forget that she is indebted for Shakspcare to the Free (rrammar School of Stratford-by-the-Avor. Well, now for the result afforded by Toronto University Lists ! And on this delicate matter we shall permit another than a Grammar School Master to speak. An able and careful writer who has given our system uf Grammar Schools and Universities much attention thus states the re- sult of his inquiry. [217] " In the University Papers it is recorded that, " of eight Scholarships obtained in 1858 by pupils of Grammar Schoolt^, " only one was obtained by U. C. College ! In 1859, of nine scholarships " in the Faculty of Arts, the pupils of this School again obtained only '' one, the other eight were carried off by pupils from the Grammar " Schools. The pupils of U. C. College have in some cases, the advan- " tage of being examined by their own Masters." If we now take the period from 1859 — 1867, will Mr. Cockborn kindly inform us, how many Matriculation Scholarships, in excess of one per annum, can U. C. Col- lege honestly claim ? How many Honor Men, the more important part of whose University preparation was not, even in Mr, Cockburn's con- templation, acquired elsewhere than in U. C. College ? It will no lon^^- er do for the Principal of U. C. College to indulge in such frenzied state- ments as abounded in his last literary effort. He must, however reluct- ant to be taught, learn from us to quote authority. Come, come, no diffidence ! Give us the names, Mr. Cockburn 1 i,Si^.l«-l-< • Injurious to the Grammar Schools as has been the premature with- drawal of advanced boys, it could easily be shown, were it now worth while, that this system munt have been aot less injurious to U. C. College itself. The Teachers in ^ < c;:,..,.,-,.'. ;, 228 U.C. College Gireular, dated Sept., 1866. ^.,; , : , .t;:.;^. ; 229 Ibid. 230 During 1867. &Ir. ^Ooekburn receired flrom this source 9336 34 Bnrsaf'e Statement for 1867. U. 0. 0. AND THB OTHER GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. 47 PRmqipLI IN T^IS BNPOWJ^D POARPINQ H0U8B BAD. The priaelfl« iaTolv«4 in tha aainteoaiiM of thii Bndowad Board- ing Boom Ii egMilUillf bud, «od otuuUviUiM • moti u|iW«fCMitebU la- Urftreno* with prifftti raterpMie. ji%%\) It Iim Iwiga rapeatadljr proved tiuAj irilhoat %UL ^Mn jpiiblie loiirMf, ^fu^xakt Bobobl lUotiri ««n, tt A Aurprbtft to UjwtjMlm,' maikteiii' moit oAaUni Booriiag Hovmi.-~ The ioiineoie eiUbliihn^Mt Wfiion h|ti been for jeori odiiiI«i|(erM with the ntmoflV ikHl and ioeeesti oy JM^. Taftle in ebn&iotlon wltia tiie Qalt Orammar School la, larelj, ample proof of this. The rftult in Uiitt ease, and in all similar cases, has been accomplished by prirate energy and enterprise, without the slightest assistance from the Prorinoe. It must then be erident to a|l, %\if^ the |i^aia^nai|,c0 of this Endowed Boarding House for the especial benefit of Toronto Sbop-Keepers, is as unjust as it is unnecessary. ':<.i,^i« /;.:/. -r., /. vr ;i -.■ ITS ADMINISTRATION STILL WORSE. .i^t K B|ad ai is (he priooiple iDTo)?«d io (hl« 9Q«rd)og Hoom, t|ie (dmtols- ir«Uoo or ihe tna^iViUQa If, if pqf^bU, sttU worve. Th« uoltetpliar SM^- tqi(e which goveroa ine i9i«rn»ljDii«n«g«i9ent of U. Q. OoUftge »tiU iQon- tli^Dei to be, w» beU«ye, Ko. imiti: t232] TIm» 9ba)i 9ma^ of this S^^vto QDHots; '< the Bai^ifr «h«ll pay we expeoMf of the pQilm Bond- ing UQuQQ out of Ch^ Idooom Fond (i. e. of U. 0. College) QPOttlhtf order on;»jtt TripQiDal/' tii» infifttaattoD implied la ihiU QMapelilog the Bar- i|ar to hQQor wdeoMJAdeoii ^e99* Home to the whole extent of the ioftitaitioQ'i (AQpiDae^if iieoesB»ry,-:for qo limit Is ^lgoed,->bi really ama- 9ml The temptiitieoa thiia held oat to extraTaMooe of (^atlay, not to epeak of mlsapproprla^op of " supptlea" will,* we believe, be aafflolently infutUieist. tatprtonately, hp^ever . in this matter we are oot left to aon- jectare. It was d|sooTeredby t|ie GommisBion of taqalry of 1848 [233] that t^e Qoatbm iHydlbeen eaUblisbed of not only beatowiog nree taltloo on the aoaaQfoertainw^hyrealdenUiof Toronto, but ofeyen boarding them at ^e|tabub eljuargel ror i^aghs that we know to the contrary, tkey may tiave iMen olad ^ at the expenee of the Province I However that may be, certain Is it that (As 90^$ qf wt!i-saiaried Univtrtity Praalaried Mas- ters, obtain free tsltloo. Thonah It Is not stated In the aoconnta that the present Principal of U. C. Gk>lMg« obtains " supplies" from the College Hoarding Bonse, it is most distinctly stated [236] that in 1867 he reoeiv- ed ont Of the Board does t3.S6 34, and the dlfferanca between receiving from the Boarding House $886 34 in cash, and receiving firom the same ^iource the same amount in the form of '* supplies" is, we confess, a differ- tiQoe qgJle invisible to ut. M ^H t- f vl. AN OASIS IN THE DESERT ! •rf, f^ i If the Accounts of the U. C. College Boaiding House for the varioun years were stated in minute detail, they would furuish some perhaps instructive, and certainly many amusing items. Stated even in the gross us they are now, the effects of contrasts is sometimes, truly laughable. Thus, in the Accounts for 1856, [236] the total amount paid for bread wan $422 40, while for the same vear the amount paid for vegetables was no less than $602 60 ; worse still was the disproportion for the previous year: [237] "Bread, flour, etc., $210 46: Vegetables, $631 60." It appears that turnips in those days constituted the favorite refection at the table of U. C. College. For this fact we are Indebted to certain of the pupils who remember even still, with a tinge of bltterneBB, the prominence given, in the College exercises, to the study of the TerreatitU OMttt. In view of this circumstance, taken in connection with the contrasts above observed; we are irresistiblv reminded of the state of Sir John Falstaff's Account- Current with bis favorite tavern, and we involuntarily exclaim, "O mon- Htrous 1 but one half-penny worth of bread to this intolerable deal of turnips !" It is a principle in popular philosophy,— although the adage, owing to its brevity, is not to be round in the proverbial poet^ Tupper,— that it is impossible to extract the vital fluid from a turnip ! Let us trust that, for their own peace of mind, the College boys placed no confidence in proverbs ! While traversing the arid waste of U. G. College Accounts, we would fliin tarry amid the immense expanse of verdure implied in such items as the above, but there still remains an important portion of our journey unaccomplished. vx* COMPARATIVE COST OF U. C. COLLEGE AND THE GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. In view of certain particulars above supplied, it would be an insult to the Universities of this and of the Lower Provinces to classify U. C. College among them. We shall, however, for a moment, flatter the vanity of Mr. Cockbnrn by contrasting together their relative expenditures. Well; what is the result ? A writer to whom we have once before been J 234 Mr.Cbri8tle*aBetarn,i>8gel7. 235 Ibid, page 16. ' - - u Mi^m 236 Banar'i 81»t«ment« and Accounts for 1855. • ^ i'Jra hy;».revi i • 237 Ditto for 1854. ,v i:. 0. C. AND TIIK OTUKU (lUAMMAK .SClIOUl.S. 49 racter, from the sum arising out the En- dowment, merely as a direct tax atfers from an indirect one, we find that the total expense to the Province of those 183 boys,— some of very tender years-^was no lets than $17,403 60 [241] or a little more than $95 each . It we now open the last Report of the Chief Superintendent laid before Parliament (242) we shall find that the number of pupils i^dmitted by the Inspector to tbe Grammar Schools was 5,179 ; (243) and that the total cost, direct and indirect, of their education was $113,887 (244) or not Siite $22 each. As the cost per pupil in U. C. College was rather more an $95, it follows that U costs this Province between four and five timea at much to educate aboy at U.C. College aa it does in the CoutUy Grammar Scho(^a. "■' Even if we do not regard the correction for the attendance, above proved to be necessary, the relative cost of these institotions will be sufficiently startling. The conclusions arrived at, on this topic, by a dis* interested observer, will be valuable : [245] *' We have (1860) in 238 '* IztraTAKant Outlay in Toronto." Bev. W. II. Poole'i 2nd letter, dated Coboorg, March 6, 18(10. 288 Mr. Christie's Return, page 17. 240 The reeent Return, page 8, supplien the following information : '< The Rum of $12,600 ill aaaigoed as tbe cstimated averaoc imoomk from tux £ri»ownk(t or U. 0. Coir- LiOE ; which, toffethei with the fees and miscellaneous receipts not coming under the haaA of rents, intereat on instalments, and interest on investments and cash balances, is held to be the aTailable income of U. C. College until 30th June, 1871." 241 The fMs fbr 1867 were $0312 40. In our estimate we lure taken on|j thrse- fourths of this sum, as corresponding to the three- fourths attendance above struck. 242 " Annual Report of the Normal, Model, Grammar, and Oonrmon Schoolg in V. Canada, Ibr the year 18CC." . 248 Ibid, p. 11. 244 Ibid. • ' 245 ''ExtrarnRant "iidiy nt Tnnuilo,' ruT. >>, r(«)U'R (icc'inl Letter. ». 50 THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. I I " Cantda West 75 Grammar Schools, many of them of long atandiog and " of great utility. Some of them are uDit'cd with the Common Sehooli in " tbelt immediate locality, and although very limited In their means, they " equal, and, in some cases, outnumber in papili, this ricbly^eniiowed '< Toronto School (U. G. C). Their total outlay dnring the I«at three " years amounted to $86,23?. while, during the same t'.oie, thie one School " la Toronto, expended more, by $25,172, than the whole 76 put together, " or 96 timee as much as the average allowance for c h School.'' The Chief Snj^erintendent of Education, when subsequently examined before a Select Committee of the Assembly, corroborated this statement in every particular. [246] .. Equally striking is the. comparison when we descend from general atatements to particular itemi: Take, for example, the mere cost of man> agement. We have, throughout the towns and cities of this Province, Bouds of Trustees administeriug Union Schools, varying in attendance from thioc hundred to three tboupand pupils, [247] and yet these men nobly devote tbemselveS to their work without fi^e or reward. On the other band, we see in Toronto a Union School with a paltry registered attendance of 244 pupib, 1.248] which, forsooth, requires for its " manage- ment" $1,0Q0 per annum. [24D] T(vke again, fur example, the salaries given in U. C. College, and those in the Grammar Schools. The Grammar School Mtobiurs have bad always to complain, that, while the duties of their positions require m( c varied and more exact information than those of, perhaps, any other class of literary men in the community, the provhdon for their maintenance is of the scantiest character. As a consequence of this, many of their number, after a few years of teaching, become disheart- ened, and gravitate away towartls the far more lucrative, and far less exhausting professions of Law and Medicine. • ' M. SALARIES IN U. C. COLLEGE. [260] Vl While the Grammar School Ma^terr are thus living in the lack, not only of those important technictil works, which men, occupying their positions, should be in a position to acquire, but many of the Masters in the lack of even the ordinary comforts of life, here are the salaries paid in U.C.Coliege : Principal : Salary at rate originally settled, (in 1830) $2400 ; Froporiion of Tuition Fees, $183.87 ; Proportion of Board Dues, 336.34 ; [251] Free House, valued at $300,— Total, $3220.21. We are in doubt whether we have included, in the above, all the perquisites uf the Principal. It is not improbable that be may be " interested" in each and every one of the following large, but vague items, which we find 246 247 ") 000. Proceedings of University Select Committee, 1860. The total registered attendance of the Hamilton Union School clos«ly approache* 248 'Mr. Christie's Return p. IT. 249 Ibid, p. 8, ■:.!-.-.. 250 The salaries here mentioned are quoted from the Bursar'8 Statement for tha year ending June 30, 1807— vide air. Christie's Return pp. 14 and 15. i- $450 per annum would not be an excessire estimate for the rental of the Princi- pal'p residence. 251 Mr. Christie's Return, p. IP. Lf-l*^J:^-''UiJ U. C. C. AND THE OTHER GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. 51 4 \ in the acconnta for 1867: [252] "Grounds, $252.00; Fuel, $297.42; StMionei^, $224.02 ; Bepain, $216.08 ; Incidents, $551.14." It will be ' -nottoed tnat in the regular items of the PrinoipaUs salary as above given, >*the mere Tuition Fees, and Board Dues, make a total of $520.21. Is this '^comideraMei item, in any degree, the secret of Mr. Gookburn's excessive « anxiety for \Gounty Grapmar School boys? <^ First Classical Master : Salary at original rate, $1336 ; Propor- 'lionofFees, $195.87; Residence, $240. [253] Total, $1771.87. tin Second Classical Master : Salary, including proportion of Fees, $1519,87 ; Housa, i240. Total, $1759.87. , Mathematical Masfek $240. Total, $1771.86. E/{olish Classical Master $240. Total, $1635,87. Salary, including fees, $1631.86 ; House, Salary, including fees, $1395.87; House, French & German Master : Salary, with proportion of fees, $1077.16. First English Master and Lecturer on Chemtstrt : Salary as Eng. Master, including proportion of fees, $995.87 : as Cbem. Lecturer, $300 ; as Medical Attendant, $100 ; House, $240. Total, $1035 87. ^ Second English Master : Salary, and proportion of fees, $993,87 ; House, $240. Total, $1235.87. ;; :av.tv;:2. ,\: iLi..'^^:.: ' ... i. ji.. .1 V Leaving out of sight, altogether, the caormons salary of the Principal and just taking the total of the above seven regular assistant-masters, [254] we obtain a grand total of $10,888 37 giving an average yearly allowance of $1555.48—.,.. xt id to say, the average salary of Upper Cana- da Culicge a^istant-masters, will exceed the %Aes< salary paid (in 1866) (255) to Uie Headmaster of any County Grammar School, and, of course, immeasurably exceed the average salary paid to Grammar School Masters. While in full view of such facts, how does the following statement of Mr. Oockburn (256) (Jan. 1868) appear : *' For years the salaries (in U. C. C.) " as reduced by Statute, have been so low, that not a few Grammar School '^ Masters would scorn to accept them." Unfortunately, Mr. Cockburn cannot plead ignorance of the matter regarding which he deliberately wrote the above, for he wrote with the Chief Superintendent's Report lying open before him t This we know from the accurate quotation from that Report which he immediately subjoins, after citing that document by name. One quotation more from Mr. Cockburn's letter, and we have done with fJiat veracious gentleman : " Mr. Hunter again returns to the i< charge, informing the Convention that U.C. College had an income of 252 Ibid, p. 16, 253 The commutation for house rent has always been, in tbu case of tlie Principal $300 ; in the case of the Assistant-Masters, $240. 264 "Regular" because U. C. C. not unfrequently maintiilns a t»t»op of Light Caralry in the way of sub-assiatants. 255 The (iate of the latest of the Chief Superintendent'^ Reports. 256 Letter addressed to the Toronto Newspapers. ftS ! I TUE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. " $30,000 per ftnnam ; (267)) while, aftor dedaotiag the neoesaary ezpeo- '* Mt of maDtgement it oou not possess onb-foubth o7 that nm." We Srerame Mr. Gookbam is aware that one-fourth of 130,000 in $7,600. low the expenses of management for the year ending June SO, 1867, are stated by the Bursar ^68) to have been $994.70 ; and dedueting this from the gross income which the Bursar states for the same year at $18,731.70 we obtain the net revenue ef U. C. College for the year above mentioned j $17,737.00— whereas the Priocipal ot that institution makes a solemi) de- claration that it was not $7,600! Is it credible that Mr. Gockbam was ignorant of the fact that the mere grant from the Endowment is fixed by Order in Council (269) at $12,600 ; is it credible that he was unaware of the circumstance that his seven chief assistants received, in their salaries alone, mc^e than twice $7,600 ; is it credible,— nay, is it possiblk, that he did not know that his own salary amounted to nearly, if not quite, one- half of $7,600 ? We 9hall dismiss this topic with the expression of a hope that the Senate of the University will not imperil that Seat of Learning by. associating it, in the public mind, with tJ. C. College, and with Mr. Cockbnrn's letter. ■ v^-S: Tf-V U. C. COLLEGE PENSIONS. '>>.>■' ."1.", ■i Ik M .'■#>/."."t"*',^.-'ii>j.i!'..-'j w-'l CONCLUSION. J ] i iti u About the nune SoMftnd* ^^f daring the iiBMf 14 grant ;. U Hm Boved tbeH«D,lf. H. wardi eolarged Into an annaal ptnBion of $800. {26^ time the French Muter wu pensioned off at $600 per ani aloni was the payment of tliew pensions felt to be th«tit Session .of 18S9, a motion was made in the LegislatiTe j to U. 0. College the nsoal annual allowance of £1000 in amendment by the Hon. George Brown, seconded bj Foley that the grant be made only ■> ■' .1 .111',' VI. cr:i0Lusi0N. ^■i' U.C. College. The Bursar's Statement bf Cash Transactions for the year ebdlngDeo.31,18fiO." Inoome Fund Account. This extraordinary transaction recelred the sanction of a solemn ordinance of the Senate. Untrersity Statutes 1857-1959, No. XXXTin. Toronto; Rowsell. 268 Mr. Christie's Return. Statement for 1862, p. 3. 269 Ibid, Statement for ISfii, p. 5, 54 THE UPPER CANADA COLLEGE QUESTION. !lt ! . Evea QD the low ground of bxpedienct, the contlouAQce of U. C. ''College would be most uadeelrable. No thoughtfal mnn will contend that ^'U. C. College Bendsannaftlly to the Provincial University one stadeut more than woa|d otherwise go thither. Its highest Forms are wholly recinited from two olaaies of pupils. The first class consists of the sons of wealthy men, who would give their sons a training for the University though U. C. College never existed. The second class consists of Gram- mar School boys who are alreiidy well on their road to the University, befbre they enter U. C. College, and whose premature removal from School, renders it doubly difBcult to find their successors. How much morie to the real benefit of the University if the hundred Grammar Schools which are no^v, in the great majority of cases, hnguishing, add repeated- ly losing their Masters, through the insignificance of the stipeBOs—how much better, if these Schools were at once raised to comparative afOuence by the division among them of what is righteously their own. The dividon of the income annually arising from the U. C. College Endow- ment ($12,500) [270] would suflSce to add $125 to the salary of every one of the nundred Masters. U. C. College Masters mav look with supercil- ious sneer on so trivial a sum, but we can assure them that, to the vast majority of Grammar School Masters, $125 means more books, and more of the ordinary comforts of life. The increased sta'oility which would thus be conferreit on the Masterships would soon yield fruit in the form ot an increased flow of students towards the University. And when we rise, from the low ground of expediency to the higher ground of JUSTICE, the cause of the Grammar Schools becomes irresisti- ble. Even though U. C. College were the very model of efficiency, and ecdhomical management, it would still be unjust to the Province at large to spend annually, in Toronto, which is already possessed of a County Grammar School, $12,500 of Grammar School money. The Toronto newspapers have persistently maintained that this immense Province is not sufficiently extensive, or sufficiently populous, for the existence of more than one Endowed University. Will they now maintain that Toronto is sufi^iently extensive, or sufficiently populous, for the co-exis- tence there of two Endowed Grammar Schools ? As tbingsat present exist, that city possesses no less than two such Schools, — U. C. College, and the Toronto Grammar School. Of these two, the latter is the older by nearly thirty years, and, relatively to its expenditure, much the more efficient. Then why not abolish the other, sending its children of tender years to the Ward and Model Schools, and the more advanced boys to the Grammar School. Why should the College Masters expect at their dis- missal any better terms than those conceded to the University Professors who were dismissed in 1853, on one year's salary ? (271) Why not res- tore to the Trustees of the Toronto Grammar Sshool,— as the only repar- ation now possible,— t^e buildings of U. C. College, and all its city pro- perty that still remains undisposed of? Why not restore to the Cfounty Grammar Schools what now represents their old Endowment? This is the plain course that justice to the whole Province demands, and if it be not followed, the Province will not fail, to exact a satisfactory reason. . Are U. c. College Masters entitled to any more consideration than Uni- versity Professors? Are the Ward Schools of Toronto not able to indoc- ■ — I I ■ •270 Videtupra. „,,.,,, 271 16 Vi<-. Cap, 80 a 53. ^ • ' .- t .: ..: ;- .^^ ■- ■1 . ' CONCLUSION. 55 trinate, ia the principles of Eoglish Grammar, the First Form pupils of U. C. College ? Are the Model Schools not safBcieotly aristocratic for the precocious gentlemen of the Second Form ? Is the I'oronto Qrammar School not sufficiently select for the supercilious minors of the remaining College Formtf? If it offeids these dainty youths that the son of an hon- est yeoman should come between the wind and their nobility, then the course of conduct is plain, — their fathers must pay for the isolation they affect. In truth, the fees now annually paid into U. C. College will con- tinue to secure those young gentlemen from contact with the stronger intellects of less aristocratic boys. The sum arising from this source in 1867 (272) would have provided them with a staff of Gve Teachers (or one for about every forty boys in daily attendance) at the following sala- ries : $1500, $1000, $800, $700, S600, and still leave $700 for manaffc- mcot and repairs. • •»«'4- y The further niaintenanee, at the public expense, of U. C. College is thus, on every conceivable ground, indefensible. Let us then, the Grammar School Masters of this Province, go fearlessly for- ward in the sacred duty of recovering, for those Schools whose honor and fortunes have been committed to our charge, that Endowment which successive Parliaments have declared to be their just inheritance. Let us hear of no truce ; no compromise ; no dangerous delays. Finally, let us — strong in the goodness of our cause — confi- dently demand of the Legislature, JUSTICE against that Institution which the Legislature's own Journals declare to have been begotten of Fraud and nurtured by Plunder ! 272 The Tuition Fees for 1867 amounted to |5312.4kO ; Mr. Cbriatie's Return, p. 14. i » "»" witm i m i II I I i i .ma«»mi n» jj|» i LuiiiM i»fi "» i im i i li sm m '■'.i^:'^-:%-:\:\fi. :■^t'^<:$:V't:f''•^p ' 'f- ^ ..-••'( . ''►.'(, ( i- .».*' i«.t i *•''!' ;' *■-'■ >^ ' ^?' A u- 1i ^. 4fl r • *■ :*"■'. t ^,m. ■.^-" ^f-m \f m '■A'lV --^: ^ COnRBOTIONS. Pajje 21, Note No. 110, for ISlsi reatl I860. — Journ»il Aasembly, 1862. Sess. Paper No. U. « Page 22, Ndte No. 123, for " geoUy to," rend ' loo geuily." Page 26, lih line from boUom, for (1S50) read (1851.) Page 39, line $2, for " rather less than six weeks each," read " lttt!e more than two months each." Ibid, line 33, read " be itext returned to Benmsviijie, and finally, after spending ^litre five calendar months under Qrammar School taition, he ettfered/' ke. Page 48, line 15,. for <*efRjcts" read " effect."