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 1 
 
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 6 
 
HISTORY OF iMONTREAL 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 The Streets of Montreal. 
 
 "fEhcip Origin and Hiztorg. 
 
 ILLLSTRATED 
 
 IJV 
 
 REV. J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK, LL.D..— F.C.C.S. 
 
 AUTHOR OF 
 
 « Antnnomasias of History and Geography ^'-'■' Cyclopedia of Hisiorv and Geoc,raphy,"—" Th* 
 
 ■ British American Reader,"-'^ The Harp of Canaan,"-'' Battles of the World;'-'' Every 
 
 Man's Mine of Useful A'no-.^'ledge:'-" Elementary Geography of Canada;'-" Hisiorv 
 
 of Scottish Song;'— '' Montreal, Its History and Biographical Alhnm;'—" The 
 
 Tourist's Guide to the Waterfalls of Canada;'--^' Borthioick Castle;'—" History 
 
 of the Montreal Prison;'-'^ History of Cyprus:'-^' Hisiorv of India;'-" Summer 
 
 Rambles in Scotland and England in 1888 ," _ '• The Commercial Register;'— 
 
 ''Biographical Gazetteer of Montreal;' — " History of Old Nova-Scotia .Jy." ' 
 
 "CONCOHL>IA SALUS 
 
 MONTRKAL 1897. 
 
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 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 D. GALLAGHER 
 
 AMD PRINTBD BY | 
 
 FULTON & RICHARDS. 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
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 HIS HONOR R. WILSON-SMITH, EB«i. 
 
 MAYOR OF MONTKKA1-. 
 
 (^ 
 
DEDICATION 
 
 To His Honor R. Wilson-Smitii, EK(i., 
 
 Mayiir of Montnal. 
 
 * 
 
 I am very nnu-li ))ltmse(l to be able to dmlicato tliis iinpoitaut work, 
 on the •' History of Montreitl ami '1 lu^ Origin and History of Uh Streets 
 with the Old Signs an<l Signboards," to you as the l-'inil Citizen ai our 
 Metropolitiual City. 
 
 Your |)oisition fully demonstrates th:it tlie Citizens of Montreal liad 
 swell confidence in your abilities that they intrusted to your keeping, the 
 liigliest gift in their power to bestow, and your many acts of a public 
 nature and felicitous replies therein, fully boar out, that it was not 
 misjilaced— whilst your numerous deeds of charity to "all sorts and 
 conditions of men "—as clearly show, that a generous and sympathetic 
 heart beatb under a true and luyal Irish breast. 
 
 May Providence spare you for years to come, so that higher ofHee.s, 
 social and political, may yet be yours, still you will always have the 
 satisfaction, that whilst you were Mayor of Montreal, thousands of your 
 fellow Citizens appreciated the good you have done to the community at 
 large, in tlie advance of our grand Metropolis anil the proud recollection 
 that you were one of the most successful of her many Mayors who have 
 worn the " Mayor's ("bain." 
 
 J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK, 
 
 LL. D and F. C. C. S. 
 
 Montreal, December, 1897. 
 
I 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Many liisturieH nnd paiiiphlutH Imve in the past, beon published on 
 Montreal. 
 
 This one is dilYerent from tiuun all in the arrangement and immense 
 amount of new hintorical matter \\ hii'h in placud, not in a continuous 
 history, but in that of the different Htreets, where the evontH occurred ; 
 and it in illustrated bj* a larger number of govornmental, civic andotlier 
 buildings as found therein than in any other work ever published. 
 
 Another feature is tliat part of it is printed in the Prencli 
 language— especially the Notes on Montreal —written for an earlier 
 work of the Author's by a very distinguished member of the Seminary 
 of St. Sulpice He is now dead, but none who knew him, his kind char- 
 acter and heart, his simple, winning ways and deptii of learning — but 
 love<l him. 
 
 There are found, too, in this volume nuiuy items of useful 
 information and curious things, which I have alone the iionor of having 
 made public — and that by many weary montlis of research in the 
 records ami documents of the Court House and Jail of Montreal. 
 
 Added to all this — an interesting article will be found on the "Old 
 Signs and Signboards of Montreal " — up to the date when the Civio 
 Order went into force — that noue should hencaforth portrude into the 
 streets. 
 
 Rare and interesting material has also been added in the history of 
 certain streets. Our well-known citizen, P. S. Murphy, Esq., has been 
 most energetic in procuring some of these scenes and liistorical dates. 
 Two from his own pen are peculiarly acceptable viz: — "The Red Cross " 
 and " The McTavish House." To him 1 am under deep obligation for his 
 kindness and help in the work, procuring for me >>uch papers and plana 
 that no one else could get — thus rendering this volume the best of Old 
 and Modern Montreal, which has ever issued from the Press of this 
 City. 
 
 The Diamond Jubilee History of the Queen's Reign has been written 
 by many writers, both here and in Great Kritain. This volume will add 
 to the number and will show the wonderful strides which our City has 
 made since the Queen ascended the Throne in 18S7. It will also tell 
 
 ■■"WM" - '-■•^-" 
 
of HVentM now iilitiOMt unknown or forRotU^n, and of tliu yuiirn which 
 prm-tMlud hvr AM-ePMion even to the fonndntion <if Montntal. 
 
 To tho Iloiionil)!** Judifo I'nKniMilo, I tt'ndnr my hoarty thankH, who 
 haN pltirud all the r'UtN of tlie MaiNonnuuvu Moiiiununt Memorial at my 
 diHpoHal, by wliifh the work iH ho well iiinNtrated at that particular 
 occaNJoii. 
 
 To till* (ifliriiilH of tliH (irand Trunk and ('antulian I'HclfIr nailwHyH 
 I am under dut-p nbliKiitionH. lot- their tine Hupplies of cut-', enid)liuR me 
 Id K^ve to the pnl)li(', heautiful -wh of Hornu of Moutrenl's nio^t interest- 
 inu Hceiu^ry. iMnt, Imt l>y no . huh tln« leaHt, nuiny thankn are due to 
 r.iir Worthy Miiyor, K. WjIsonSinitii, Knq., for hin kindneiHH at the 
 coniniuncement of Ki-ttin^; up tint work. 
 
 I Hincerely hope that tint rending of the book will atTord nt much 
 real pleaniu-e to tlie t^oneral pulilieas it hii>« ^iven me, in tlie preparation 
 of its pti^es and that its records will, in tlie future, be tlie ineauH of 
 making clear, many disputed (loiiits, rcspe<'tiuK the location, history and 
 origin of many of the old habitat ions and , iil>lic buikliuKs of Uld 
 M(mt"eHl 
 
 J. DOLiJLAS IJOKTHWICK, L.LI). 
 
 MoNTUiOAi,, December 1807. 
 
>Istoi^9 of fp.on(TG:ar. 
 
 My tlic fiisl nii'^'^ioiuiiii-. sriit out tn ('mikhIii from I'^-.tncc, il \\(i< snoii 
 l)('l'ct!i\('(l, (Ii;i( (lit! occujiat ifiii ol" tin' (sl.iiul of Moiilii'fil wns ;iii ohjcct 
 of (lie >j:r(')itrst iiniiorlaiK c, if llic i'lciicli wi^licd (o ictMiii aiitli(iiit_\ in 
 tlio Isi/md ; but "Tlif Ci)in]iiuiy " in I'laiicc A\ cio unwilling ••> ^^I'lt'iirl 
 tlicir viuws in this rt'spcct. It fill, tlicrcloi c, to tin- lot of soiiu; j)rivat(! 
 iiiflivirliiiils to acc'oirijilisli this tli'sin;ii. Scviral pci-^oiis foiiiK «1 tliciii- 
 selvf.s into a Socii-ty, for (lu- ))nr|)oso of coloni/.in^,' tlio iNJiMul. 'J'ho 
 grenttT j)ai t of the Island liad been granted to Messrs. Cliai-rinr and Lv 
 Itoyur, wlictlicr disjxist'd of by tlirni or forfeited to the(/'ro\VM does not 
 R))|)ear from any onieiai lecord that has been preserved. Tlie king, 
 liOMover, cedc!il the whole of it, in Kill, to this Soeiety. mIio took 
 forinal possession of it. TIh; follow ing year M, de .MaisoniUMive, one of 
 tho As.«iociatf's, brought out several families fioni !• ranee, and was 
 apjiointed Governor of the Island. 'J'he eeremon\ of the fonndmg of 
 Montreal was eelel)rated on the ISlli of August 1(112. a nundier of 
 Freneli and Indians were i)iesent, and nothing was omitted which could 
 give to the natives a lofty iile.a of the (Ihristian IJeligion. Tiius a '• lew 
 Imuses." as J5()uchette observes, '• built elo'-e togetliei- in the yeai' 10 1;' 
 on the sit(( of tlu- liuliau ^ iUage of llochelaga, was the eonnnetuenu-nt of 
 tlie City of Monti'eal, or, as it was first nanu-d, "Mile Marie." I'arkinan, 
 tho Historian, thus sjitaks of this interesting event: 
 
 " Maisoniu'iive sjirang ashore and fell on his knees. His followers 
 imitated liis cxan)))le; and al! joined tluir voices in enthu-^iastic songs of 
 thanksgiving. Tents, baggage, arms and stort's, were landed. An altar 
 was raised on a jjleasant spot near the landing and .Ma(lenu)sclle Manee, 
 with Madame de la I'eltrie, aided by her servant, (h.irlotte Harre, 
 decorated it with a taste wliieh was the admiration of the behoUlers. 
 Now nil the eom))any gatiH'red befiui' the Siuine. Here stood N'imont 
 in tlic rich vestments of his olVue. Here weri' the two ladies with their 
 servant; Montmagny and ."Nlaisonneuve. a wailike liguro, en-et aiel 
 tall — his men elusti'iing around him. They kneeled in reverent silence as 
 'J "he Host was i.iised aloft: and w lu-n tlu' rite was over, the priest tuiued 
 and addressed them : " ^'ou are a grain of mustard seed that shall ri,->e 
 and grow till its 1 .ane! es o\ershadow (he earlh. You are few, but this 
 Work is the work o T (Jod. His smile is on you, and your ehildien shall 
 fill the land." 
 
 //- 
 
12 
 
 iiisi'onY 01' iMoxi iii;ai, 
 
 t-.Z:~-.-s--- — 
 
 I 
 
 or llii' (i udi (>r tlii'i j;()(i(l iiiaii'^ |ii(iitli('i'\ . wf. Ii\ in;,' L'Ctll ycMi's nl'd-r- 
 ward'.. li;i'(! fiii !ilpiiiiil:iii( iiriuif. 'Ilic sin ill iim-l.inl seed, li;is iiidi'cd 
 l)('ci)iiu> M f;r(';,( tici', and (lie variini-^ nations ol' t lie Old NN OiM liavo 
 |odj,'(Hl and arc lodjonj^ in tin- Inaiulirs (Imii'oi'. 
 
 " 'l'lu> aricnuKin waned: llu'siin sanlv licjiind (lie \v("<t('in forrsl. and 
 t\\ iliglit canic im. i-'iri'llics wiMi- twinkling' over (lie dai'kcncd meadow. 
 Tlioy canKliI t lieni. 1 led (luni w i(!i (lucads into sliinin;,' IVsioons and 
 liiing (lieni Ijelore tin- allar. I lien tlie_\' pKelied (iieir len(s, li edited tlieir 
 /ires, stationed tlioir k"!"'^''. "'>'"' '"y <1<)\\ n (o rest,, Sudi was tlio 
 biilliniglit ol" Montreal." 
 
 Aiiollier writer, Sandliani says thns: — "Tlio following inornint,' tliey 
 proceeded to form llieir tMieanipment— tlio first tree beiiij; felled by 
 ISlaisonnenve. 'lliey wi>rUed Avitli sueli energy tliat, by tlio evening, 
 they had ereeted a strong pali-ade, and li.id covered tlioir altar witli a 
 roof made of baik. On llie evening of this memorablo day, Rlaisonnonvo 
 visit(!d the jMonntain. Tiie tud)onndod trad that, opened itself to liis 
 view discovered to liim dark, thick, anddeej) forests, Avliose lieiglit alone 
 was a proof of their antiqnity. ]/\rge rivers came d<jwn from a 
 considerable distance to water tliesc immense regions. Everytliing 
 Rj)pea)ed giand. Natnre liero displayed great Jnxurianey." 
 
 "It Avas some considi-rable time after tlnsir arrival before their 
 encjnies, the Indians, were made aware of it, and they im])roved the time 
 by building substantial houses and in strengthening tlieir fortific.itions. 
 In tliis Avay they ])asscd the summer, all seemed bright, wlien in the 
 month of Sei)tendjer the l^iver St. J^aw rence loso raj>ldly and threatened 
 to destroj' the result of tlieir toil. The flood rose until it filled the 
 fort and ditch and reached the foot of their fortifications ; but it than 
 receded slowly and they were^afe." 
 
 " AVliile the water w as rising, Maisonneiive made a vow that, should 
 tlie danger be averted, lie would cause across tobomadt;, and would 
 bear the same uj)on liis shoulders and fix it on tlie top of tlie inountaiiu 
 He now )jrocced(!d to fulfil liis vow, and in January, 1613, he set liis men 
 to work to clear a road uj) to the mountain. When this was coiniileted, 
 they formed a jtrocession, headed by one of tlie Jesuits, and followed by 
 Maisonneuvo " beai-ing a cross so heavy tliat he could scarcely asct-nd the 
 mountain," When tJiey arri\ed at th(! highest crest of the mountain, tljo 
 cro.s.s Wft.s ei-eeted, and all knelt to worship before it." 
 
 Tlie Indians were continually a sourec of great trouble, anviety and 
 danger to tluise early settlers. 
 
 In the yiiar H)l 1, the whole Island became the jiroperty of the St. 
 Suljiicians at I'aris, and was by tliem afterw ards conveyed to the 
 Seminary at Montreal, in w Iio-e jiossessitni nnieli of it still remains. 
 
 Tlie I/ichiiio massacre took jilace in the year KiCn). 'J'lie Indians 
 buriu-d v'OO jiersons and as jnan^' more weie reserved by them for a 
 future fate. 
 
 '^S$Sr; 
 
MMR 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
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 LETTER OF MAISONNEUVE. 
 
14 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTRKAIi, 
 
 To aveiifjre tho iimHHacre of I.ncliiue in 10U.'{ Fronteiiac started from 
 Montreal, .Inly, KllK!. witli lOOd men. Eml)arkiiiK at LaeliinP, he ))aNNed 
 a c't)iiHi<U>rable way into their country, but met no reHistanee. The ex- 
 pedition \\n of little value or residt, the Indians having; retired before 
 him. lie shortly afterwards retnrned to Montreal and tiled at Quebec. 
 
 In the year 171(1, Montreal was n^ain in danger, as (ieneral Nicolson, 
 the Ih'itish C»)minaii(ler in tiie Knglisli Colonies, |)repared then to move 
 on it with a force of 1,IMMI I'rovincials and (iOD Indians, This expedition 
 failed and Montreal was saved. 
 
 The year 1750 will ever be memorable in the annalsot Canada. The 
 French, perceiving that the English were in earnest in their designs npor 
 it, sent sti'ong reinforcements to their garrisons. Tho campaign open»',i 
 with great vigor. Canada was to be invaded at three dilfcrent points 
 under generals ol great talent. The forces intended to act against 
 Quebec were under the command of General Wt)lfe, who liad taken Fort 
 Louisbiu'g and subdued tlie Island of Cape Breton the preceding year. 
 Wolfe's army, amounting to about 8('UU men, was conveyed to the 
 vicinity of Quebec by a fleet of vessels of war and transports, commanded 
 by Admiral Saunders, and landed in two divisions on the Isle of Orleans, 
 the ..'7th of .lune. 
 
 The battle on the I'lains of Abraham wa" fonglit on tiie 13th of 
 September, 175U; and five days afterwards, on the LHtli, Quebec 
 surrendered. 
 
 Fighting continued more or less for several months till in the follow- 
 ing year hostilities finished by tho .surrender of ^lontreal. By the terms 
 of this capitulation, signed both by (Jenerals Amherst and de V^audreuil, 
 protection was promised to the inhabitants. The free use of their 
 Religion, Laws and Language was guaranteed them. During the 
 interval between the caintulation of Montreal and its receiving warrant 
 to hold Quarter Sessions, that is. from tlie fall of Montreal in 17*5U to 
 1701, Canada was held in occupation by the British troops. 
 
 In October of 17fl.'5, an important proclamation was issued in the name 
 of "George III, King of England " ; oflicers and men in it AVere offered 
 free grants of land in Canada, and " all persons resorting to the said 
 colonies miglit confide in His Majesty's royal protection for enjoying the 
 benefit of the laws of England." More than IKO Protestants of British 
 origin now became residents in Canada — the French population of the 
 provineei bt^gg a little over 75.0110. In November, 1703, the military form 
 of Government was bronglit to an end by the appointment of General 
 Murray to the tjflice of Governor-General. His instructions were as far 
 as possible to introduce the laws of England. Another thing required 
 was tliat the inhabitants should comply with these conditions, viz. : 
 "To take the oath of allegiance, to make a declaration of abjuration and 
 to give up all arms in their pos.session." It was found impossible to 
 procure compliance with these orders, and the General modified them 
 
HISTORY OF MONTIIKAL. 
 
 16 
 
 as much as poHsible The oath of abjurntiun couhl not be taken by the 
 Rnuiaii Catholics, as it involved a fumhunental ))rinci|)le of their 
 Religion, and therefore no lloiuan Catholic was sworn in as Justice of 
 tliei'eace; that about rirnis was extremely (Ustastcful ; whilst that of 
 alle^'ianee to the Englisli throne was taken readily nnd cheerl'ully. It 
 took a little over a j'ear to repulate all these matters, and on the lltli of 
 January, 1704, letters patent under the Creat Seal of the Province were 
 executed and sent to Moses lla/.en, J. (u'ant, John Howe, Francis McKay, 
 Tliomas Lamb, F. Knife, John Hiirke, 1 homas Walker and otliers, making 
 them .Justices of the Peace of Montreal ami vicinity. Araonp these names 
 are two Krcuich names who were Swiss I'rt)testants and liad come to the 
 country. Hence arose the saying of a Frencli Protestant being " a Swiss." 
 The first general Quarter Se-Jsions of the Peace were held on the "-.'Tth 
 Decemljcr, 1701, and " tliere were present Moses lli/.en, J. Dumas, F. 
 Mackay, Thomas Lamb and Francis Knife, and the (!ourt adjourned to 
 Jamiary, 1705. 
 
 Among the first regulations of this period is that of the bakers, in 
 which the wiiite loaf is called " a brick," and sold at H L'o))pets of 4 lbs. 
 woiglit and the brown of lbs, at 10 coppers. Another shows that there 
 were slaves in Montreal in those days, who were Viought and sold like 
 other merchandise. The rule was, "No tavern, ale house or inkeeper do 
 receive, harbor or entertain any bond or servant slave or slaves, drinking, 
 gaming or loitering in their houses, under a penalty of £5." 
 
 When the establishment of English rule was perfected by the Treaty 
 of Paris, in Febr lary, 1701, then a strong tide of emigration set in 
 towards Canada, and in the persons who arrived the ba<l was mixed 
 with the good. It is remarkable that in the records of the CoJirt of 
 Quarter Sessions for years after the conquest of tlie countr}-, in Montreal, 
 there are very few Frencii names before the magistrates, for those 
 crimes for wliicli punishment, by wiiipping, the stocks, the i)illory or 
 branding on the iiand was meted out. Thissliows how tiioroughly they 
 obeyed their Cures to respect the laws and be faitliful in their allegiance ; 
 and thougli alter this many emissaries from the American colonies 
 (among whom was the great Henjamin Franklin liimself) tried to allure 
 them, they remained firm. 
 
 During the years 1775 and 1770, the inliabitants of Montreal saw 
 many changes and vicissitudes. No doubt to some of the French popula- 
 tion it had at first been galling to be under tlie L'nion Jack instead of tlie 
 Lilliesof France, but the fifteen years of Hritish rule had greatly cimnged 
 their opinion. They had better markets, better cr'ips in these days of 
 peace, and securer pi-ivileges every way, and now to be subjected to the 
 sway of the New England Puritanic colonist was indeed ten times 
 worse than ever. Joy s})read over the City when the last of the 
 invading American Array passed St. Johns on their retreat to their own 
 country. It was a busy time, not only in Montreal, but iu the Fort of 
 
10 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 C'liambly, which was tluMi tlio ))rin<-i;ial station of Hritish troopw aod 
 inunitioiH of war during tho continuance of the Htrufrglo between the 
 Mother Country and her revolted colt)nios. Troops were arriving and 
 troops departing — for preparations were ueing made to follow up ihe 
 retreating Americans under General Arnold, from Quol)ec, and invade 
 their country. 
 
 On the vMth July 177n, the distribution of troops iiid the order of 
 march were issued in ureneral ordor.i. Quite a niimbe.-of recruits had 
 joined tho regiil irs, and the Voluntoers and Militia wore daily drilling in 
 Montreal. All the recruits at Chainbly were drafted into the A'lth and 
 53rd Regiments, and two companies of the -Mst set out on the march to 
 St. .To'ins. 
 
 On tho 1th of October, 177^, at Isle aux \olx. tho General issued 
 general orders, thankiuj^ the troops for tiie rapid progress made in the 
 preparation of tho expedition to meet tlio enemy, and thus began the 
 invasion of the New Kngland colonies in retaliation for tlieir 
 invasion of Canada the year before. It resulted in (Joneral Hurgoyne 
 and his whole army surrendering, as prisoners of war to tlic Americans. 
 Wlien he starte I from Cin-ida early in tho beginn'ng of 1777, he had 
 with him a well-equipped army of 701)0 men and a large bo ly of Indians. 
 His advance was executed witli great skill and intrepidity. Ho marched 
 boldly on from St. Johns into the States, and bore down all before him, 
 but of no avail. At an immonse distance from his supplies tlio situation 
 became most ha/.ardous, and at last he had to surrender. liy the terms 
 made, the 39th and otlit regiments returned no more to Canada during 
 this Avar. They were sliipped eitiior from Huston or New York. The 
 terms of surrender were " that tlio troops should lay down their arms, 
 be sent home, and sh )uld not serve again in America during the war." 
 
 General Arnold, on his retreat from Quebec in the spring and early 
 summer of 177(), did an enormous amount of harm to tlie country, in 
 breaking down bridges, burning houses and barns, destroying fences and 
 culverts, and ill-treating the inhabitants to a gre.it degree because of 
 their fidelity to the British Crown. 
 
 When in 1781, rumors were rife of another attempted invasion of 
 Canada by the Americans, sj)ontaneously, from both Quebec and Mont- 
 real, came addresses from the French ("anadians to the Government, 
 expressing indignation at the renewed attempt and their determinatioa 
 to oppose it. 
 
 The address likewise declared '• that the most earnest and hearty 
 support should be given to every measure of defence necessary for the 
 safety of the province." 1 presume that the seeds of this loyalty still 
 lingered in the hearts of the descendants of these men ; at least it was 
 exemplified to the full, thirty years after, when tlie Americans did 
 actually invade tlieir country, and when the sons of those men who 
 showbd themselves faithful to England's Crown, and drove back the 
 
HISTOHV OF MONTREAL. 
 
 17 
 
 -tn 
 
 
 
 LKTTEIl OF GENERAL AMHERST, 
 
18 
 
 HI8T0KY OP MONTREAI* 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 eneioy. undor tlio <'()iniimiui of th« iriuuortal I )»'Salaberry, completely 
 diHcoiiifltetl tlioir fiiumieM at the battle of CliatfaiiK'iay. (iod only 
 knowH tile amount of luiHery and woo which tlie War (if Indupondence 
 occaHloiied. DuritiK tlu* yfars from 177.") to ITK.'J. wIhmi the British 
 (iovernment at last Mi^ned tlu' articles (if freedom with (lie 13 States, 
 homes were ruined; farmsteads obliterated, burned, or tlemolished ; 
 thousandu of iielplesH women and children wandered about iiomeiesH, 
 widows and orphans, and nil caused by the stubbornness of tiie Kind's 
 councillors, although the ablest and )?reatest orator and statesman of 
 the time, Hurke. declared that " peace should be made with the revolted 
 colonies even by giviun; them their indepen<lence," 
 
 No wonder, then, that we find in the army of IhuKoyne many Mont- 
 realers. History tells us there were no less than oUU Canadians in liis 
 army. 
 
 In lookiuK over the reKister of Di'. Delisle from 17(10 to i7H7, we find 
 very many intermarriajres His register was the first Kn>?lis'i one in 
 Montreal. Sonie of our most iuMufiitial families are mentioned, and 
 othtu's whoso names are connected with the advancement and )»rof?ress 
 of the province, and Montreal in particilar. We Hnd there the name of 
 Simon Kraser, of Wolfe renown, also the founder's name of McCJill 
 University and Mctiill street, ** .lames MctJill." 
 
 Mostly all the names are of common occurrence, as in these (lays, 
 and a large percontaKo Seotuh : als > ^(W/w/ itiu i. is Kuglish speaking and 
 erery iroinan French speaking, and wo know the result as regards tlie 
 religion of tiieir posterity at the present day. 
 
 Slavery wa.s abolished in I'pper Canada by an Act of Parliament 
 (held at Newark, ), May 31st, 179.^. In Lower Caiuida a bill for the 
 .same purpose was brought into Parliament in 1703, and not carried. It 
 was again brought in 1790 and lH(til, but notiiing was done hi>wever 
 until 1HJ3, when slavery was abolished by an Act of the Hritisli Parlia- 
 ment, sanctioned August vHth, IH33, abolishiir,' slavery tlKo:igh()ut tlie 
 British Empire f»om and after August 1st, H3I. Bit in 1803, Chief 
 Justice Osgoode decided, at Montreal, that " slavery was incomp itiblo 
 with the laws of the countr3\" 
 
 In 1780. Patrick Lankan sold to John Mittleberger, a negro named 
 Nero, for £()0, and the last slave was publicly sold iu Montreal "JStli 
 August, 1797. The deed was passed by Mr. Guy and his partner, not- 
 aries. The name of the slave was Kmanuel Allen, aged 33 3'ear8; price 
 £36. The sale was afterwards set aside by legal proceedings ; 
 
 This year, 1777, niiieli lighting took place between tlie mother coun- 
 try and the revolted colonies. Wliilst these events were in progress. Sir 
 Guy Carleton, tlie Governor, was devoting liis attention to the internal 
 affairs of the country. The Quebec Act, or, as it was designated, "An 
 Act for making better provision for the Government of the Province of 
 Quebec in North America," had been passed in 1774 by the Parliament 
 
HIBTOUY OF MONTIIEAL, 
 
 19 
 
 of Kn^^Iaiid, but on lurount of tlie^o troublous tiiiioN h;i<l iievor been 
 cari'it'tl into elTect. Tliis Aft, Ciiiloton broujrlit 'jnto lu-tivo elTect by 
 creating the new council, which liuUl iis flrnt luHotiuK in th« spriuK of 
 this y«>ar. Fivn of itM Jn«<nibors were Knnch Canadians. Tliu courtn of 
 law wi'rn now reorKafu/(Ml to i'on(hjct their business according to the 
 spirit of tiiis Act; and thus we find that thusu courts were once more 
 opened. The court opened January W, 1779. At the March term we ilnd 
 several French names as justices of the peace ; out of nine, live ire 
 French, vi/,., IhMtel de llouville, Joseph lion^fueuil, Nt.vue Hevescro, 
 Pierre Mc/ure, and Pierre Fortier, 
 
 The first time Jumes Mc(iill appears as a justice is in the September 
 term. The men^hants .»i' Montreal must have received permission 
 by this time to have ii Custom Mouse of their own, as the first case of 
 seizure of tiie Customs is rccoriled on the Jind May, 17.S:<. when John 
 Heck. " surveyor of Flis Majesty's Customs for the Port of Jh)ntreal," 
 obtained "a monition admonishing all persons to appear and sljow cause, 
 if an.v they can, why four cases of jj^in seized at Montreal on ulie 'i^th 
 April last should not be condemned as forfeited." No person appearing, 
 the Court granted the monition. 
 
 We will now n'lve the names of tlie principal citizens of Montreal 
 in ISOl : — Alex. Ueniy, M. (Jibb, \ (rraham, Jt)hn Dillon, Dr. Arnoldi, 
 J. Brown (stationer), Hon, J. liichardson, Simon McTavish, F. Poitier, J. 
 W, Clarke, Mr. Heaslay, Mr. Maitland, Mr. liadgley, Jas. & A. McGill, D. 
 Davids, II. Symes (auctioneer), Judge Davidson, Forsyth, Richardson Si 
 Co,, (i.tiauclie, R. lloyle, Mr. Stevenson (tobacconist). Jolm Piatt, Hurton, 
 v \lc Bulloch, J. Hrown (auctioneer). J. Fisher, P. H irsilou, .\uldjo, 
 Maitland Co., Logan i>t Watt, Woolricij ^ Cupper, R. cClements, Jas. 
 Dimlop, Jolm Lilley, S- P. L^prohon, Mr. Stansfleld tobacconist), John 
 Shuter (crokery), Col.de Longueuil, Henderson iS: Wingfield, 1<^. St. Dizier, 
 Jolm Mc(Jill, Samuel Gerrard, Gerrard \ Ogilvie. iss Hayes, A. Scott, 
 Joht A. Gray, R. Dobie. 
 
 Canada, as a Colony of Great Britain, had made rapid progress since 
 its cession to the I'nion Jack in A.D. 17aS>. It must be said truthfully 
 that in the latter years of the rrjiinc of " La Ilclle France," the colonists 
 were treated in such a manner that after the trial of King George'.s 
 Government they unanimously declared the flag of England was prefera 
 ble to the " Fleur de Lys " of France— and why? 
 
 After the Cession, the British Commander, General Murray, decreed 
 that all things should be done "decently «nil in order." The habitants 
 must be paid honestly in "hard cash" for whatever they brouglit either 
 to the markets or to the British Cantonments for sale. Rights were 
 respected, the Religion, Language, and Laws of the Province were secur- 
 ed, and every thing was done to content the people. Every Frenchman 
 and French Canadian who had remained in the country felt securer 
 now, and more at ease, than in those last days of France's hold upon 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 her t<!rrItorlefl In North Aiiioricn. IIiul not Kiiip: (Soorf^n luriiHttlt' called 
 llirni 'Ills ( hilih'cti?" HMii they kn(»\v a hfttei' ura Imd boK*ii> ('*' *lHwn 
 un Ciinatln. 
 
 No wonder then that wlien trniibleennio to Kn^land— in the rovolt 
 of her tliirt<'t«n Stiites or <'(>li)niHH— Camida rHinninod tailhl'id to Ihm', 
 and tlwit it took two arniieH uiidwr .MoiitKoiDi*ry and Arnold to enter 
 her Hoil, but only toHxperiHnee dufHat, disorder and deatli, and to leave 
 tho eonntry mn-c jii/hfni itiU to th i liiMtish Crown tlrin even before the 
 lievolntion of the American StateH. 
 
 When we turn to Montreal, wo fin 1 the Hanio patriotiHm diHpiayed 
 in botli her Kn^li>< i and her French inlialiitants; and althou^li by the 
 fortune of w.ir the army of Montgomery <//(/ capture the city, find the 
 "Stars ami Htripes" waved dcHintly over Mariopoli.s, it was only for a 
 short |ieriod. It i-oon passed ; l)ut the recollection of 1 77(1 rankled in 
 the breasts of all. A ueneration h id to be born before retaliation < ame ; 
 but about thirty-seven years after, they wiped tlie stigtua of their 
 fathers olT at tlie Kattle of C'h iteau»;ii;iy. 
 
 And who were tlie M ilitia -Wiio were they who ventured their 
 lives to protect their city anil their hunes? l^it their names be ever 
 honored. Many of tliem the follovvinif yiiir iir.tnallj iiiff the samn unemv 
 at ( liateauguay, and proved that they were wortiiy of their sires. 
 
 Let it be always I'emHinbereil that Montreal was the (.jreat objective 
 point of the American War of HPi-l;}. One of their greatest men of 
 that era, their Secretary of State, had said, "That Montreal was the 
 apple of his eye. Why waste men and money upon distant frontiers ? 
 strike at the vitals, then you will parali/.e the extremities. Capture 
 Montreal and you starve de llottenburK and I'roctor. In .Montreal 
 your troops will find winter quarters and Knglish Christmas.'' 
 
 These counsels carried great weight and we know from History 
 tliat the remainder of the campaign, vi/.., tlie (!apturo of Montreal, was 
 the grand and crowning object of American strategy, To forward t'ds 
 ))lan the Inited States soon collected a large force on Lake Chaniplain. 
 In the summer of lHi;i, about 8.0(10 men were collected at Burlington 
 and IMattsburg. 
 
 During all this time, and for the past year, drilling had gone on 
 incessantly in Montreal. Men of all ranks and nationalities eagerly 
 pressed for service. To the honor of our forefathers they determined 
 to defend their country with their lives, leaving tlie rest to God. We 
 all know the grand result when Col. Do .Salaberry and his bravo forces 
 completely overthrew the Americans at the memorable Battle of 
 Chateauguay. 
 
 All did their duty well and nobly ^that day. but let especial mention 
 be made of Captains Ferguson, de Bart/.ch and Levesque, Capt. L'Hcuyer 
 and the two Duche«nap8, Captains Daly, Bruyere and Lamothe, wi. o 
 handled his Indian warriors well, Lieuts. Pinguet, Guy, Johnson, 
 
msTOUY OF MONTHRAl..' 
 
 Powell. n«»l)h«nHn(l S«liHloi— all ilhulaypd roiirRsrn H»>fl vlffor. Cnptfi. 
 LoiiKtiii ami lliiiit'iiii \v«*ro cxiiinpl*^'* tn tlicir iiihii. ('apt. I,iin»rtiii diiii 
 HH tlio IrotiHiilns (if Khj^IhikI uikIit (.'rom\v«>ll were iicciiNtoiiitMl to (In, It 
 In relHtetl of liiiii that liefoin (he liattle lie knelt down at the heati of IiIh 
 company and tilTerfd a nhort Imt nirnest prayer ''And now, " ni -» 
 enfants," he said rising. "liavinK dune utir duty to (Sod, we will do tiie 
 Kami* by onr khiK-" 
 
 IjH»<t but not the least, Htan<l out tiie nrimos of the "rtimplo soldatH," 
 Vitnrtil, I'rllit'irr. Vinnin. Ihilmis and ^an/d, /ill of tin* lo//)'*;* icj*. wlio, in 
 the lace of dilTlcuUies. dimmer ami death, swam the Uiver ChatoauKUHy 
 nnd cut olT the retreat of the pi isoners who were taken, ainouiitinfjt tu 
 near a Hoorn. All honor be to tlieni too. Let their nauieH for ever be 
 remembered in the hearts of all ( luiiidians. whether they he French tir 
 EiikIi^Ii Hpeakn^. I doubt no! but tin* Hiinie "esprit de cor|)s," the 
 same love of country, fills the hearts of nine-tenths of our people to-day 
 and if necertsity came (which may (iod avert), the same courage and 
 jiluck as seen in the volunteers of 1MI2-I>'i would be displayed in thoHe 
 of JHU7 and following years. 
 
 The greatest quantity of wheat ever exported from Canada In these 
 yearn was in 1S02. It aniounted to l.lllO.'Hi.M bushels. There were 
 besiiles exported that year US,,"!)! bbls. of Hour and -'2.(l;'il cwt. of 
 biscuit. 
 
 It may be interestinp to know that Mr. W. W. Of^ilvie, and Senator 
 
 Oprilvie's grandfatlier. was (lie lirst m.iii who exported flour from Can- 
 ada, and in this yenr JMIIJ ; in the previous one 1>()1 he had come from 
 Scotland to Quebec, and started a flour mill at .Jacques ("artier near 
 tiuebec, and tliis same year opened up one near Laciiine. What a 
 difference now ! 
 
 After tile country had (piieted down from the American War, and 
 peace and prosperity once more reigned over Canada, in Montreal a 
 movement was nu\de towards getting more ligiit for the city, In 18(11, 
 the manner of lighting the city had been suggested, but no definite 
 conclusion liad been arrived at up to the year 181."), The following 
 curious inducement for the successful carrying out of the street lighting 
 at the time was "that ladies might be induced to visit their friends 
 much more frequently."' 
 
 In November, 1815, entirely through the exertions of Mr. Samuel 
 Dawson, part of St. I'aul street was lighted by twenty-two lamps, cost- 
 ing $7.00 each. They were distant from each other fifty-four feet. 
 This was tlie west end of St. Paul street, and by Christmas, same year, 
 the east end of St. Paul street was similarly lighted. Notre Dame 
 street followed, and thus began the lighting of Montreal — now in this 
 year 1897 lighted by gas and electricity. An Act passed in 1818 provided 
 for the erection of street lamps and niglit watches also, consisting of 
 twenty-four in number — their duties being to trim and attend to the 
 lamps, and act as police guardians of the city. 
 
22 
 
 HINTOnV OP MONTIIKAL, 
 
 ' » 
 
 On |7th .Tuly. IS17, tlin Lncliinn numl wiih h«*Kiin, tlio fli-Nt no<I 
 beintr n>iiii)V)'il hy lion. .1. KirlntnUon. This yo.-ir \\ Imt liiui liitluM'to 
 l)«i<n (/'itadnl Hill iiml li iiowdrr niaKu/.ltio uum tiini(><| into ii H(|u>iri>, hiuI 
 AH tilt* (tovernor liiul ilonntHtl it to tlio citi/.tMH, it Iiiim rtfc«l<'«'il t\w nnnie 
 of Diilliousio .S(|u«rH «iv«r Hince. A Ki'i'Ht IIih occnrrodin IHlifi. Unt foi* 
 tint etYoitN tit tli« nuMi of tlii) Tilt H<v>ni«>nt tint contlMfcriition would 
 hiivo lM'«»n much un-iitwr. This y»>nr muHt ht( i-tMiiHtkiihli* for the oxtT- 
 lionn the nu'i'chiintH of Montreal nindo townrdH the navJK'ition between 
 QM(>l>ec and Montreal. \ cry niod««Ht waH their petition to I'arliainent, 
 "that Nt«t)m HJiouid Ik> tak«>n to deepen the eliannel of the river, particu- 
 larly at Lake St. I'eter, and thereby, render it navi>;able throuKhont 
 the neason for veMnelH of two hundred and llfty touN fidly laden." What 
 a oontraNt to tlie ina^'uillcent veNNeiN "The Canada" and otherM " 'I he 
 PiiriNhin " c»r " I he Vancouver " of tim present day, and all thin liaH been 
 aecoinplislicd within the past •'>() years! 
 
 'I he year U3;' will ever be reniendiered for the Hrst appearanc of 
 tlie Asiatic ('holern, by which four thousaiul four hundre'l and twenty 
 citi/(Mis were attacked, and one thousand idne hundred and four died. 
 The Hill incorporating Monticai took eilectin IHii^i, and JacqueN Viger 
 WAH appointed the iHt Mayor. 
 
 On .Inly ..'."nl, 11^40, the Mill totmite Tppor and liOwer t'ni.ftda became 
 law, beiiiK then sanctioned by the t^ueen. It did not, iiowever, from 
 Home cause, come into operation till P'ebruary Hlth, IN41. 
 
 The City Charter haviuK expired, it was renewed, and Honorable 
 Peter Mctiill was a)ipointed Mayor. 
 
 In IHtt the (Government was translated from Kinf^ston to Montreal. 
 
 In tin; summer of IVit), Montreal was visited by the drea<l peHtil- 
 ence that came to be known ns tlie 'Ship Fever.' 
 
 In .January, 1817, Lord EIkiu arriv»'d in Montreal rh the newly 
 a))pointe(l (Jovernoi -tieneral of Canada. 
 
 In .lanuary oi' next year IH 18, a gr(>at inundation took place, and 
 much resembled the j?reat flood of a few years ago. 
 
 On tlie 18th of June, tlie largt-Mt bell in Canada was christened an 
 immense congreKation of citi/enH being present at Notre Dame for tlie 
 ceremony. 
 
 Amonn the ))ublic buih'ings erected this year were the Reid Wing 
 to the General Hospital, St. Andrew's Church, and the Protestant 
 Orphan Asylum. 
 
 The burning of the Parliament Buildings now Ste, Anne's Market 
 MctJill Street will be fully treated of in the description ot that street. 
 
 In March, 185.'), an Industrial Exhibition was held in the City Concert 
 Hall for the purj)ose of selecting articles to be siiit to the Paris Exhib- 
 ition. It was jjublicly inaugnratod by His Bxccllency Sir Edmund Head, 
 the Goveruor-Gt neral, who visited Montreal for the Hrst time (for that 
 purpose) on March 5th. This visit was celebrated in the most enthusias- 
 tic manner, and every possible effort was made to render it agreeable. 
 
I 
 
 HISTOIIY OF MONTIIKAU 
 
 In AuviiHt. lHr»7. Moiitrfjil wftH vit^ltrdhy tli« mo«f •liHlinKui»«1i«<l 
 (•ompnny tlmt ever met in tliw l'r«)viiic'oit. On NVetluHsilny, l.'th. tli« 
 " AnM'iiraii AHNDciatioii for tim Advaineinont u( Hoionce " UHHwrnliUMl in 
 the Court IIounm. nnd oontinuud In HOHMlon lor one weok. On Tliiirstlny 
 evenliiK. n Hoir«<« vvhh K'lvtm l»y thw NatiirnI HiHtory Society, in tli« ("ity 
 Conieit IIhH. imtl wjih niiuMUouHly nttcii(ie<i. On Sutinday, hy invitation 
 of th«' (illiti'iN of till' K^r''^"". tl>" P»''ty vlMltiMi St. Httlun'N InlHud. On 
 the Mondiiy followiuK, « ConverMa/ione w»s Kly«n by the (JovernorH, 
 Kiiciiiry (iiid I'VllowM of iMi(JilI Coll«'K« iind was a niaKnlllcont affair, At 
 th«t cloMiiiK infetiuK of tho AHHociation, addrcMHeN weru K>ven by ex- 
 I'reMidtMit Kilnioi*'. l'rof«'HH«)rM Ih-nry. Swallow, HaiUNay, CaNWoll, and 
 othor celebritiHH. One of thene speakerH coiiKnitidatud the cili/enH on 
 poHs«'HsitiK Hiich a ('ity. and Htatod that tht^m was "a pi)W«)r stored up 
 hft'H upon the nhoreN, which, uitldn Iuhh than one hiiiKhtui yuarH, will 
 pridiahly reHuit in niakiuK tluH t-ity tliu Kft'ittitst city in America. 'I'hiH 
 iiiimcnHe water power >)einK directed to the iiianutactiireH wiiich niiRht 
 be established here, will make this one of the Ki't'ot' c'tiesof the Klobe." 
 
 TiiiM luiH now been partially etYected by tlie K>*i^<^t^ company which 
 has utili/ed part of this niighty power. Tlie inhabitants of tins city will 
 in the future l)encllt from the prophecy of thi^ speaker. 
 
 In Jul'-, 1K»12, tljH (iovcrnor-Oeneral, Lord Monck, paid Iuh first 
 viHit to the city, and was iumpitably entertained by tlie Corporation, 
 who prcHented an addrcHs of welcome, and provided every poHNible 
 meanH towards rendering his visit agreeable. 
 
 One of the most important trials ever held in Montreal was that of 
 tlie St. Albans Uaf.ders. During the terrible fratricidal war between 
 the Nortliern States of America and the Southern, a band of young 
 men, sworn soldiers of the Confederate Army, entered from (.'anada, the 
 State of Vermont and raided the Town of St. Albans, in that State, and 
 after conimittinK certain acts of violence, escaped back to Canada with 
 their spoil. 
 
 The formal opening of the Victoria Hridge was, in colonial import- 
 ance, the chief feature in the visit of the Prince of Wales to Montreal. 
 As an engineering triumph over natural ditliculties of the most stupend- 
 ous kind it is without its equal in the world, and is now being enlarged 
 for the increased business of the (i. T, R. 
 
 While the city was in the inic''st of excitement on account of the 
 seizure of Mason and Slidell, an event occurred which tended to throw 
 a sadness over its inhabitants. On Tuesday, December •24th, the news 
 was spread that the husband of our beloved Queen had suddenly died. 
 A large meeting of the citizens was held at the City Concert Hall, and 
 adopted an address of condolence to Her Majesty, for which she returned 
 her thanks. 
 
 In the early part of i A the mutterings of a new Fenian excite- 
 ment were again heard on our borders, and after an interval of nearly 
 
insTOHY OF MONTHRAL. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 two years of jieat^o and quiet, we were once more threatened by an 
 invasion. Ah in the j)revioii8 ca^e, this report was tlie result of the 
 unfriendly feohuKs existing between the I'nited States and England. 
 But fortunately for Canada, the resouriies of the " IJrotherliood " were 
 not suflifient to enable it to make jjfood its footliold in the country, 
 Htill the diabolical s})irit animated many of its partisans, and, as in otlier 
 places throughout the world, those wlio opposed the nuul sclieme wei'e 
 singled out as victims, a more distinguished victim could not have 
 been chosen than the Hon. Thomas d'Arcy McCJee. a representative of 
 the City of Montreal in the Dominion I'arliament, who was foully 
 assassinated on the nicrningof A))ril 7th 1^HS, while returning from the 
 Parliament Ikiildings to liis lodgings in Ottawa. 
 
 The funeral which took place on Monday, 13th, will be long re- 
 membered. Tlie streets were covered with mourning Hags and festoons 
 of black, giving tlie scene a striking and funereal asjiect, and those 
 streets throng)) which the procession was to pass were lined on either 
 side by soldiers, x'egulars and volunteers. 
 
 On the 21st November, 187.?, the ceremony of formally presenting to 
 tlie city the statue of our (iracious Majesty the (^neen was jierfornied by 
 Lord Dufferin, tlie Goven or-General. 
 
 In 1S7I>, Sir George E. Cartier died in London, and his funeral in 
 Montreal was the largest ever seen in the city. The expenses of his 
 obsequies were borne by the Dominion Government. 
 
 In mio, the Guibord burial case occasioned some ill-feeling in 
 Montreal, but by ihe energetic action of Jh'. Hingston, (now Sir William 
 llingston) tlie Mayor to whose wisdom and tact all j)raise is due, it passed 
 off without any actual disturbance. 
 
 On Friday, the Hth of October, 1W;9, Prince Arthur, third son of Her 
 Most Gracious Majesty, arrived in Montreal to join the P.C.O, KiHes, 
 liere stationed, he iiolding a lieutenant's commission in that splendid 
 regiment. 
 
 His Excellency the Governor-General, having left Canada for 
 England, Sir John Michel was sworn in at Montreal as Administrator of 
 the Government in tlie absence of tlie Governor-General. Sir John took 
 up his residence in the city, and during his administration the Executive 
 Council met here twice in each mouth for the transaction of public 
 business. 
 
 In November, 1878, the Marquis of Lome and the Princess Louise 
 arrived in the city. Great rejoicings showed the welcome which every 
 one gave to the Queen's daughter. 
 
 During the past 15 j'ears, the city has st;eadily increased, and its 
 boundaries are exteniling in every dii'ection. Among tlie principal items 
 and events of the past few years may be mentioned the Riel Rebellion 
 in the North West, when two Montreal regiments were sent to the scene 
 
20 
 
 IIIHTORV OF MON'TFtKAL. 
 
 U 
 
 'J 
 a 
 
 5 
 
 CQ 
 
 ;j 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 27 
 
 of the uprisiiiff, the Garrison Artillery and the 05th ; the first an 
 English, the second ;i French-Canadian corps. 
 
 During the summer of 1H85, the Small-Pox epidemic was of such 
 magnitude that several thousand fell victims to its scourge, the most 
 noted being the late well known politician, Sir FranciH Hincks. 
 
 The execution of Louis Riel, after the close of the Rebellion, caused 
 great excitement in Montreal, happily without any serious outbrake, 
 although thousands met on the Champ de Mars and passed condemn- 
 atory resolutions. 
 
 A great bridge, built by the C. P. Railway, has been erected at 
 Lachine also Lord Mount Stephen and Sir Donald Smith's (now Lord 
 Stratlicona and Mount Royal) magnificent gift of the .lubilee Victoria 
 Hospital, Some tine buildings of all kinds have been erected in 
 Montreal within the past few years and if the inhabitants only stand by 
 their motto— which is recorded on the title page of this History — 
 shoxdder to shoulder, their city wi'l yet be tlie fifth in size of all tlie 
 cities on tlie American Continent, wlien the third decade of the 
 twentieth century has come. 
 
 We fiuisli the short History of Montreal with a table of the growth 
 of the City since its foundation to the present day and no citizen who 
 reads the same, but, must be proud of the advance and progress of his 
 city in the short space of two centuries. Of course there are cities 
 which have progressed at a greater, much greater ratio, but the 
 locality has been different from Montreal — the advantages greater — the 
 difficulties to be overcome immensely les-s- and altogether the effects 
 were infinitely easier. Let us take only one example — and that is the 
 deepening of the Channel of tlie St. Lawrence from Montreal to Quebec. 
 Let us see the wonderful progress made. About the yi ur IH50 when the 
 author landed in Montreal, the depth of the channel to Quebec was only 
 11 feet and lie well remembers being in tlie beautiful Clipper "Three 
 Bells" — for three days in Lake St. Peter as the vessel could go no 
 farther with her heavy load. This ship was the first iron vessel ever 
 moored at the wharf of Montreal and consigned to the firm of Ed- 
 monston Allan & Co. Lighters had to come from Montreal to take off 
 part of her cargo to enable her reach her port of destination. 
 
 In 1853 the channel was deepened to 15 feet '2 inches — and the 
 Glenora, the first ocean steamer arrived in Montreal on account of this 
 depth. Tight little steamer with the Lady Eglinton and Sarah Sands 
 they were the pioneers of the grand array of ocean monarchs which now 
 sail up to our Metropolis. 
 
 In 1854 again had the river channel been deepened to 16J feet. In 
 1H65 it had been deepened to 18 feet. In 1875 to no less than 20 feet, in 
 this year the wharfage had attained a length of 3.17 miles. 
 
tt 
 
 IIISTOin' OF MONTHKAt.. 
 
 In 1H7fl the ^epth of the clmir I was to bo 05 feet, but large 
 steamers beiiiK reiuly to conie to MoiitrfJil, the dcptli in 1MHS was 27 i feet 
 and tlic wliarves wero isxtmnltMl lor no loss tliaii 1.7 luiles or nearly 5 
 miles and to the cretlit of Montreal it was the first city to adopt electric 
 lighting for its harbor. The deepening' of the cliann(>l still jjjoes on and 
 the inereasiiiK' toniiaj;e of I lie ocean stemucrs still advances — bnt it is a 
 Rood sijfn wlien we know thai lhc<lepth of tiie channel at low water 
 from the Ocean to Alontrcal is now as great as that at low tide on tlie 
 Bar of New Vt)rk harbor. 
 
 GROWTH OF MONTREAL 
 
 i\( i,ii)i.\(i Hintuiis 
 
 ■^ 
 
 Founded in l(i4'2— by authentic records IS Joined in the first AIa.ss 
 ever performed in Montreal. 
 
 1(U)7— 7G() 
 
 IGhit— 2000 
 
 no.^?~::iOO(i 
 
 17t>0— !tOiO 
 
 1842—50,0^0 
 
 1858—80,000 
 
 1871—107,225 
 
 1881—155,237 
 
 1891—240,000 
 
 18ii7— 300.000 
 
 inhabitants. 
 
 *i>:,^?i««- 
 
IIISTOHY OF MONTHKAL. . 
 
 20 
 
 r 
 > 
 
 c. 
 
 
90 
 
 HISTOIJY OF MONTI? RAL. 
 
 NOTES SUR L'HISTOIRE DE MONTREAL. 
 
 Tliese notes were written by the latfl He v. Abb;' Deniaznre »)f the 
 Seniin.iry of St. Sulpice for tlie Aiith<iranil for one of his earlier works. 
 They were never finislieil — death closed the eyes of one of the most 
 elncated and talented members of that eonimunitv. The Abbe was a 
 perfect gentleman— and of all tlie " Gentlemen of the Seminary " — He 
 was " sans peiir et sans reproche." flieso notes will be most interestinf? 
 in connection witli the " History of the Streets of Montreal" and es- 
 pecially so, as printed in the very language in which the Abb6 wrote 
 them.— J. D. B. 
 
 Dans ces notes, nous voiilons seiilement n'nnir qiielqnes renseigne- 
 ments sur la suite et le di'veIop})ement des constructions de Montn'al, 
 depuis la premiere occupation en KHv' ,jiis([ii'a nos jours. Nous 
 comploterons ce travail plus tard, lorsque nous aurons pu dc'couvrir les 
 ducuments qui se rapportent A notre snjet. 
 
 La site de Montreal, drcouvert par ("artier en 158"), et nomine ainsi 
 I)ar lui Ji cause du voisinage de la belle montagne, qui en est encore la 
 principale ornement, fut visitc plusieurs fois dans le siecle suivant par 
 M. de Champlain qui, frapp^ de ses avantages, mi'dita d'y faire ua 
 etablissement, et, en consequence, donna a I'ilo en face, le nom de Sainte- 
 Helcne, en consideration de son e|)auso, llelene lioulle; plus tard, la 
 grande ile au sud fut nommoe Saint-E*aul, du nom de M. de Miisonneuve, 
 premier gouverneur tie Montreal. Voici done trois points principaux qui 
 attirent les yeux lors(ju'on arri vent devant Montreal, et qui rappellent 
 le souvenir des trois personnages les plus illustres (pii ont preside -. .x 
 premiers etablissements de la Nouvelle- France. 
 
 Quelques semaines apres la mort de Champlain, arrivee le 25 
 d^'cembre 1035, deux grands serviteurs de Dieu, M. de la Dauversicre et 
 M. Olier, ayant reyu en mcme temps la mome inspiration de fonder un 
 etablissement au site de Montreal, comme etant un centre propice pour 
 revangeli/ation des nations infldeles, organisSrent une societe qui, en 
 1641, put envoyer une expedition command^e par M de Maisonneuve, 
 assistee de Mile Manse, qui devait, avec ses compagne, fonder un 
 bOpital. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTHF':.\L. 
 
 K 
 
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IIIHTOUY or MONTTIKAL. 
 
 M. de MiiiMonneiive, rtti 17 iiiai int2, arrive an Hit« de Montreal, hI 
 blen placr pour robj»<t qn'il mh propoHail, an coiitro dus natiotiH ititldules, 
 i\ Oil liuiiuM du la capitalu, dans tnu.< iln protr^co par dun courants dinU-ilos 
 A traver«er, aux pieds «1om K>'<iiids rapiden (£uo los vaisseaiix ne pouvaient 
 dt'passer, abritr ait nor J par iirii< liaiit*< nionta^iiH qui Ini Hurvait i\ la foiH 
 ot dH pr()t«cti(»n oontro It's vents du nurd I't d'ornonuMit. 
 
 L'expi'ditiou coiumunce A se cantonnur, on fait des travaux de 
 rotranchemuut et on coniniunce par olever un tort, ii I'endroit appelu 
 I'ointe A Calliurt's et orcupi' actuttllcrnunt par co bul rdifireciuo Ton voit 
 de toutos parts sur los bords du Houvo, avoc sa tour A horlo^jfe qui 
 doinine les ((uais et'qui est consacrc auxollicos do la IJouanedo Montreal. 
 
 C'e.st A cu phint, (|ui est si biun place en iWideuce au milieu du port, 
 sur un promontoire avanct- dans lo tlouve (pii bati et fortillt' par M. de 
 Maisonncuve, ri'sista pendant Ho ans avec- son intrc-pi le gouverneur A 
 toutes lea attacpios dos Inxpiois, et est conitno le bercoau dec-ette ville 
 qui devait avoir taut de di!VHlo|)pBuumt et devonir la tni'tropolo ..-oniuior- 
 t'iale et industrielle do la Nouvelle- Franco. 
 
 M. do Maisoououvo batitdaus lo fort uno cliapello, un hr)pital pour 
 les malades, des logemeuts pour la f^arnison et los nouveauK iK'Opliytes, 
 i*nlin des ujagfisiuHd'entropots pour le coiuinorce avec le.s Sauvages. Lo 
 () Janvier 1'54 !, il alia planter une croix sur une Honiniot do la luontagne, 
 comiue un I'tondard, qui devait servir de rocours A la protection du ciel 
 et d'appel aux tribus idolatros. 
 
 L'aniu'e suivante, cotuiue I'enceinto du fort devenait trop I'troite, M. 
 de Maisonneuvo batit. sous la protection, des canons du fort, \\n hopital 
 avec une cbaiKsllo (jui do plus furont ontouros do nuu's solides avec 
 meurtricros, que los Sauvages plus d'une fois attatjutrent sans pourvoir 
 les entamer. 
 
 Les nations Iroqnoisos ne di'eouvrirent ri'tabli.ssemont de ce poste 
 avauco que rannce qui suivit Tarrivt'o do M do aisoimouve, qui s'otait 
 mis en ctat de defense; luais, d^-s ce moment, Montreal, devint de toutes 
 leurs attaques. Chaque annee, au retour du printomps, les tribus 
 sauvages arrivaiont devant le fort, renvironnaient, voillaient sur toutes 
 les issues; tcndaient des embuscades A ceux ((ui ailaient cultivor au-dela 
 de la portce des canons du fort, et so croyaiont sans cesse A la veille 
 d'exterminer cette petite troupe si aventurce. C'est en 1(544 que M de 
 Maisonneuve tua un chef sauvage, a I'endroit appolo maintenaut la 
 Place d'Arnus. 
 
 Les annt'es suivantes se passcrent en alarmes et en surprises con- 
 linuelles, les Sauvages Hrent de iionibreuses victimes parnii les culti- 
 vatours, la garnison otait continueilcment harcelee, attaquee, decimce, 
 mais ce fut une graude sur|)riso pour los Sauvages lors qu'apros qnatre 
 anneesd'efforts continuels, ils virent, en 1041"^, construire, au and du fort, 
 une nouvelle redoute qui devait sorvir de moulin et de point d'observa- 
 tion, montrant ainsi que, malgre toutes les attaques, ils otaient decides 
 A rester en cet eudroit et A ne jamais I'abandonner. 
 
inSTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 88 
 
 Ell 1051, M. do MaHonuouvo utiiblit iino trommimo, pour \e \mU\vnge, 
 fViin arpeiit tie Iiirf^ouf Hiir K) arpeiits dcj loiiKdoiir, sous la profcoctiori dii 
 fort le loiiK tlu I1»mivo u'ost ro (pTou apptillu uncoro actuolloiUDUt ruo dos 
 ConuuissaifOH ot rue do la Cominuno ; il I'tait «*oavouue que Ton reprou- 
 drait ce torraiu li mesureque I'ou aurait beuuin pour «)tablii- les citoyeiia 
 et fairo le port. 
 
 Eu 1(1.'>-' Lambert Closse, lieutenant do M. do Maisonneuve, avoc 
 quolques lioiumes extormine uno oolonne d'lroquols vers la ruo McGill, 
 etrepouHHo una autre trlbu i1 lal'ointo Ht. Charhis oi"! Ton avait otabli une 
 rodouto; A partir tie eo nionioiit, on '.'ominonce il batlr des muisons dd8 
 niaJHons ; voici quel H(nit coux qui H'rtablirent lo' promiors : Joan 
 Descai'ios ot Jean Leduu, Andr('' Denier.s, Jactpios I'icot ot Joan Aubuohon, 
 Jac'tpies Menier et (Charles LeMoyne, Azarie Diioliarmu et Joan Valloo. 
 Nous citons ces noms en faisant romarquer qu'ils sout niaintouant repri?- 
 sente.s par des families nombrousos et prospures. 
 
 En l(Jj7 la Situu- HourKooys (pn vcnait d'arriver ot <iui dovint la 
 fo.-datrico do la ConKri''>?ation, n'tablit la croix do la montapno qui avait 
 eto (U'truite par le froid, ou par les Irocpiois; vers le mriue tomps, o.i 
 otablit un nouvoau oimetitjre a la IMaco d'Armos E)n 1050, on posa la 
 premiere piorro d'une grando E^lise aupri;s du cimetit're. ("e fut alora 
 (pi'on ctabli une redouto sur la rue Notre Damo lil oi» so trouve la rue St. 
 Henis pour protojijer los travailleurs itablis sur les du Coteau St. Louis. 
 Le nom de I'o coteau sub.siHte encore dans la rue St. Louis. 
 
 En 1057, La Srnur HourKeoys conunonco la construction de 1' Kgli.se 
 de Notre- Dame do lionsecours, rannco suivante M. de Maisonneuve lui 
 donne un terrain avec une maison pour otablir une ocole, la Siour y ontra 
 le 80 Avri', jour de Sto. Catherine do Sienne. Cost eu cette annee 
 qu'arrivorent les premiers pr<"tres de St. Sulpice, ils furent logiss d'abord 
 dans les batiments de I'hopital. 
 
 En 10")M on oleva une nouvelle redouto sur le Coteau St. Louis qui 
 devait proti'ger les travailleurs, e'ctait sur I'endroit oil so trouve mainte- 
 nant le Carr6 Dalhousie. Cette redouto, augmentte plus tard et muni de 
 bastions et de retraucheraents, deviiit la citailelle. 
 
 En 1059,on avait 40 maisons bien baties,avec murs 5pais etmeurtriores, 
 isoltes les unes des autres. mais assez ra|)proclit'es pour pourvoir se 
 dufendre, eu cas d'attaque ; c'i'taitcorame autaut do redoutes assez fortes 
 pourrendre inutile le premier fort qui continua de servirde residence au 
 gouverneur, mais dont on cessa des lors de reparer les bastions, degrades 
 considerablement chaque annee par les glaces et la debacle du printemps. 
 
 Ce fut vers ce temps (|ue, pour i)roteger les travailleurs qui se r6- 
 pandaieut toujours de plus en plus, on etablit trois fiefs considerables sur 
 trois points eloignes. Le fief Ste. Marie, au pied du courant, pres de la 
 traverse de Longueuil, d'oi\ est venn le nom de rue Ste. Marie. De ]ilus. 
 
fit 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTR RAL. 
 
IIISTOHV OK MONTKKAL. 
 
 le Huf St. Oiibriel, niiisi noiniut) uii I'liDniioiir do sou pitroii par M. du 
 liuoyluH; prf inler ciiri' de St. Sulpici), i\ Moiitri'ftI, ot tMifln. aii iiord duriH Ih 
 lo Kiiiil)()iirK St lifiiiroiit, nil iviitro llof d<»mi«'' par M. de Mnindiuioiivo. A 
 Hon liinittinaiit, L-iiubort CIdshu. Kii cIiivimiii do ocs (lofH, on ('taltlit don 
 reciuiituM, doH IdKoiuentn pom- los travailoiUM, don b/ltimetitH d'cxploitatioti. 
 
 Lamboi'tClosso qtdtta 1h foi'tetalla l<»gor, avoc dos liomiiiOH di'voin'is, 
 daiiN la rodoute, (lu'il avait fait (MUiHti'iiiro, do lA il pouvait prott'>K«r tons 
 lo nord do la villo. 
 
 Noil-* av(»(jM de ce temps, une lottre tlo M. •I'Arflreiuoy (\\\\ pnint 
 Montrual stiivaiit lea idcoH qn'on uii avait tilovs et qui out biea cliaiiKu 
 depuis. 
 
 [| Faut, dit-il (pie je vouh ontt-otieuno de Montreal, place qui fait 
 taut do bruit ot (pu t>Mt HI piMi do cliose. J'en pni'Io couuno navaut ; j'y 
 ai t'itt' CO printoinps ot Jo puis vous assurer <pio si jY-tais poiutro, jo 
 I'aurais bientAt dossiui'e. Montn'al est une ile asso/, ditlicile .-l abordor, 
 mCme on eli.iloupe, A cause des grands courants du lloiive St. Laurent, 
 jiarticuliriremont A une doniio lieuen dossous, il y a uu fort, ou Ioh c'la- 
 Inupes abondtdit, <pu tninbont on ruinos. 
 
 " On a comnieuci' uuo rodoute et fait un riioulin sur une petite 
 •'eminence fort avantaf?ouse pour la dt'fonso do i'habitation. II y a 
 " environ (piaraiite inaisons. prosquo toutos A la vue les uns des autros, et 
 "en cela bien situt'es paree quelles se d<''fondent en partie." 
 
 Malgrt' toutes cos constructions, nranmoins lo pays I'tait encore 
 tellement oxposi' aux coursos des Iroquois quo, ou lOtKI, Mile Manse 
 demanda A M. de Maisonnouve de lui laisser batir dans Tintorieur du 
 Fort, une granfje en picrre de (W) sur 30pieds j)our jirt'server ses ri-coltes. 
 Vers le mOnie temps, Ioh Iroquois tirent encore plusiours invasions ro- 
 doutables ; ils avaient rt'solu d'externiiuer les Fran(;ais et de s'otablir A 
 Montreal comma t'tant uu point d'une importance extri'me pour I'occu- 
 pation du pays, mais M. de Maisonneuve fit si bieu veillor A la ^arde du 
 territoire que dans les diverses incursions des Sauvages, ils ne purent 
 surpreudre qu'un tri^s petit nombre do cultivateurs. 
 
 Pour comprendre maintenant quel fut le dt'voloppement de Montreal 
 dans les anm'es suivantes, il est ntcessaire de parler des domainos et 
 seigneuries qui furent constitut's autour de la ville, et qui c'taient destines 
 A servir de d^ifenses avanci'es pour protogor la ville, et memo I'ileenti^ro. 
 
 On {itablit sur la Riviiire St. Pierre, un flef de 800 arpents d'ctendue 
 qui fut accordL' au Major Dupuy qui avait remplacc le Major Closse. Le 
 concessionnaire «'tait tenu d y batir une redoute aveo des bAtiments 
 d'exploitation ot dY'Ioigner de ce eoto la tentative de.s Sauvages. 
 
 On 6tablit encore plusieurs tiefs sur la rive gauche ilu St Laurent, le 
 fief de Laprairie, qui fut c<jdo aux PP. Josuites, ensuite aprfes le SaultSt. 
 Louis, le flef de Gentilly, des iles-Courcelles et de la baie d'Urg^, en 
 
HIHTOHY OF MONTIIFAU 
 
 nppniciiMritdii Inc (1«N Pimix MoutnKH^H, Im flMt' ito llilMbrtniit, tMi rnvetmiit 
 
 prtl" IHIIUI'iI, lI'lillh'I'N lll't'H NOtlt ('l'<l<'<*N :\ lUlYlU'tMlts Onicil'IN, (tt iMlllll, A Ia 
 
 rivitru il(*H |'i'.iiri<"<, dtnix llffs iioiniiK •• du L'lirioii ttt(lt> Morel, (loiun-** i\ 
 (liMix oHirifrs pom- pn>t< giT I'IIh do fe c*'it<'', «t oinprdifr do d«^bnr({uur 
 \vH SntiviiKt^Mipd voiiiileiit pin- In ilvioru dc I'ANNttiiiption. 
 
 |)>iiiH U<H niuiros (|iu Niuvcnt, till <'>tiMidlt t'licorit r<ic('up:ttinii dii pay"« 
 ntir l(>.s (Unix ^ivl«^4dll llnivo pmir pnit*'K(>r rctal)liNsi>tui*nt <l« I'lle de 
 Montrral foiitr)* I<«h iiiriirHiniis doH SiiiiviiKU'*- M- dt< liiiubiii, dii r«'*KiiuHiit 
 de lirogli*', obtiiit <liMix litMii's de fnmt et do profoiidtMir Niir le lac Ht. 
 Pierre, hoii HtT^tMit, do Ijibudio, ohtiiit lo torritoiro volsiii, et do M«trH« 
 fftt iniH on poHMOHsion do I'iU' (|iii ost I'l r«>iidii>tioliuro do la rlvirre Nicolet 
 M. do Norniaiivillo olitint los torroH plus voiNiiios do Montri'al. H'ent 
 alorH quo t'uront I'dtiHtitiM'os Ioh •iBiKnoiirios do li'ivaltriu, de Ite|ientiKi>y« 
 de St. OurH, do Mortliolol. (JoiuH'dt'oM ados otliciors, ou doH euipIoyi^H du 
 tfoiivoriiomont C|tie Ton vDulait n Coinpoiisor. 
 
 Cool ttait pour prott^t"" le ii<»rd. iirus tlu oott' Hud c'eHt-T.-dire sur la 
 rive drolto du ilouvo, il (tait oucoro biou plus huportant do fortifier le 
 pnyHCOiitre Ich IrcupioN qui doHc-ondaioiit oontiuuollouiont par la rlvlore 
 lllclioliou j)our aller no joter onsuito sur Montreal, Trols KivioroH ot 
 Quoboc. 
 
 PauH ee doHHln, M. Talon lit dos oonoosHlonM on Krand nombre A M. 
 de Borthler, capitaino au rcginiont de CarriKHU ; il donna le territoire 
 en I'acedo ronil)()uc-liuro do III Mivirfc IlicheliiMi. il M.iiipaH, I'ileen faoo 
 qui porto maintoiiant oo noni ; M. do Sorol, i-apitaino an nn'tno n'Kiniont, 
 tout le pays dos doux oott's do la ITivirro lliclicliou, snr <loiix lloiios de 
 la Rivitire Richelieu, sur deux lii-uoH do profondour ; los autroNrivoM du 
 fleuven furont at't't)rdi'OH a .M.M. do St. Ours, Tun oapitaino et Tautre 
 ensoiKuo an n'Kiuiont do Carrijran; M. di^ Chanibly rcrnt lo Fort St. 
 Louis ot toutoH les torros adjaccntos ; vinrent ousuito los torie.s donnees 
 & M. de ContreoiLair, M. do Varenne, M. do iioisbriant, M. Doucber, 
 etc., etc. 
 
 Enlln M. CiiarloH Lemoyne re(;Ut lew terres situc'es entre la seigneurle 
 de M. Houclier et la HoJKueurio do Laprairio d'>nnoo aux PP. Jt'suites, 
 puis au dolil de Ijaprairle, il obtint encore deux lioiies de front sur troia 
 de profondeur, etil appola cette seiKneiirio du noni de Ciiateaugai, quelle 
 porte oncore. Tons ces fiefs peiiph s par les soldats a|)partenant aux 
 conipaKnioH dos ofTlcierH qui s'y ^talilissaient dovinront I'oriKine de 
 bourgH «'t villages considerables tela (|ue Sorel, Cimnibly, Hertliior, St. 
 Our8,( ontrecouir. Verchcre, Laval trie, Varennes, Boucherville, Longiteuil, 
 liaprairie, Chateaugai. 
 
 Montreal aiusi protegee centre les incursions de.-, L-oquois, et Ctant 
 appelee il Gtre le centre tru.jo population noiubreuse; il fut bientot neces- 
 saire de tracer des aligneiuents regnliers pour retablissenient des 
 constructions. Co fut M. DoUier de Canon, SupOrieur du Scminuiro et 
 
HlSTOIlY OF MONTRRAL. 
 
 reprrNeiitniit luN HeiKiKMirH «Ih Moiitrt »I. c|ui ilt'tt* tiiiiia cos HlitfiitMiieiiti, 
 flxa le pnrcoiirM (1»n difTiTtintoH imiuh «t (Ioiiiih litM iioiiin qui out t^ttS t'oii« 
 Mrvt'N jiisiiu'A pr<^<tnt. II est done int*'i-()NH»iit d'tMi cuiitiHitrit i'ttii^ine, 
 cVnt cH <|iiit nous Hllon.suxi>()M»r Hiiivaiit le proftH vurlxil qui I'ut mlttft^ le 
 I2M111H 1072. 
 
 M. I)ollit«r de C'iinon tviu^n d'ali rd an centre uno Kf^mdo ruo (pii 
 pHrcmiiait tontc la villt'ct (|iii dcvait ^•tru la rue priiicipalt! ; il lui d<'rMa 
 \o noni du Notrc-DanH), un I'lionntMu- de la Ti-i.s Saintu N'ierKu (|ui a\.tit 
 ^■tu cItohiM coniine |)atronne iIh la ville. II tvm;n HtisMitu unc autre ruo 
 danM un ^euH parallMe, h laipiclle 11 doniui le nom do St. JacquoH, on 
 riioniHMU* do M. .lae*iueH Olior, I'lin duH pruniiers fondatuurH de I'tStablHNe- 
 nient d(* Montreal. 
 
 I'nc autre rue tracee jilns prcH du lleuve re<,'Ut lo noiu do Ht. Taid, on 
 I'honncur de M. Paul de Maisuiuiouve, prenuor (iouvernour de la ville. 
 
 DanH le Henn trauHverHal, il traea pluNieurH autroH ruuM (]ui abontiN- 
 Haiont an ficuve. A la pi-uruiiro il donna le noni do St. I'iorro, on 
 rhoruuMir du prince dcs ApotroH, et auH.-ti en conHidrration de M. ile 
 Kancanq), I'un doH premiers i'ondateurs (jui portait ce noni ; la Noconde 
 ro<,'ut le nom tie St. Kran^oiH en I'lionneur tie St. Frant,'oiH, patron do M. 
 Dolliur do Canon; * la troiHicme ruo re(,'ut lenom deSt. Jose^ili, en I'hoa- 
 
 i 
 
 * Co nom il6Rignait St. l''rau(;oix d'AHHise d«ii8 lii peimu du M. Dollior dc )'»iion, inais dmi 
 111 mite Mgr. du l.itval iiyaiit dotiiii' Si. KruncjoiK Xivicr comiiiu I'un den priiicipnux patrons du 
 (.'Hiiadn, cutit* niu prit irinenHiMi'invnt lu nom du ce Huint 
 
 neur do ce .saint patriarche ; la quatrionie rue re<;ut lo nom de St. Lam- 
 bert, en I'honneur de M. Lambert CIohho, lieutenant de M. MaiHoruieuvo, 
 qui avait etc tuc dans une rencontre avec les Iroquoia ; la cinquieme rue 
 re(;ut le nom de St. Gabriel, en I'honneur de M. Uabriel de Queylus. Iwr 
 cur6 de .Montreal, et de .M. CJabriel Souart qui fut son Huccesseur ; la 
 sixieme rufc re^ut le nom de St. Charles en eon8id{,'ration de M. Charles 
 LeMoyue, (lui avait rendu de si grands services tl la Colonie. 
 
 Le site on M. Dollier do Canon, avait trac6 ces rues etait admirablo- 
 ment choisi i)our remplacement et la dcfen.so d'une ville. Cl'etait un 
 un plateau elevt' et escnrpe au-dessus du tieuve, ayant la forme d'ua 
 carre long ou i)arallt'lograinme d'un mille e'u demi de longsur par un 
 tiers d'un mille en largeur, oil ce plateau defendu d'un cot6 par le Heuve 
 rttait de I'autre par un vallon prt-fond faisant le tour, et oil 
 coulait un eours d'eau en commumnication avec la riviere et dont on 
 pouvait groHsir les eaux a volonte, ce rectangle, coupe trus uettement Ji 
 aes angles, etaitdonc A I'abri de toutes parts. 
 
 Les rues se couvrirent successivementde constructions, et les ofticiers 
 qui avaient obtenus des terres considerables dans les environs et qui les 
 avaient mises en culture et en rapport, bjlf irent aussi des residences dans 
 la ville, pour passer la plus rude saisoa de ranaee et pour entreteair 
 
aft 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 leiirs i'elations avec les traitaut et avee ratlmitiistration lot'iile. M. de 
 Longueiiil avait son hotel a reiii))lat'oiiient actueldu March ('■ Bon.secours ; 
 M. do Vaiulroiiil la on se troiivo la Place Jacques-Cartier ; M. do Raraezai, 
 ii I'emplacemeiit de I'Kcole Normale ; M. de Maricourt avait sa residence 
 la oil se trouvo la Malson des Frcres des Ecoles Chretiemies ; M. de 
 Heaujeu avait son hotel ii rextremitt' de la rue Notre- Dame, pros des 
 llucollets. 
 
 De jilus siir I'ile Ste-IItirne on voyalt la ri'sidence d't'ti'des Slenrs 
 de LouKueiiil, qui en o-itie avaient do I'aiitre coti' du tleiiva leur nianoir 
 environnc de leius tones en ])lein rapport. Le Ciouverneur do Frontenac 
 I'crivalt vers 1080 on parlant du Sieur de Longueuil : " Son fort et sa 
 inaison nous donnent une ideo des Chateaux do Franco fortifius." Ce 
 fori ( tait bati en i)ierre avec (luatre tours aux angles, sur la rive oii se 
 tiouve le bourg Longueuil en face de Montreal. 
 
 24 Juillet 171U — C"e matin j'allai en bateau de Laprairie ^ Montreal 
 la riviere St. Laurent. A notre arrivte nous trouA Ames une fonle de gens 
 rt'unis a la porte de la vi'le par on nous devious entrer. lis ctaient 
 tres (lesirtux de nous voir, et ils nous assurerent que nous otions les 
 preiviiers Sutdois (jui furent venus a Montreal. 
 
 A notre dibarquement le (Jouverneur dela ville nous avait envoye un 
 ca))itaino qui m'invita a le suivre a \d niaisou du Gouvernour auquel il me 
 presinta. Le Baron de Longueuil n'etait encore que V'ice-Gouverneur 
 mais il attendaitcluKiue jour la promotion de France, 11 me re^ut plus 
 polinient et geuueusement ijue je no pourrais rexprimor, et ine montra 
 ties lettres du (iouverneur-Gi'naal a Ciut'bec, M, le Marquis de la Galis- 
 sonniore, qui meutionnait qu'il avait ronii des ordres tie la Clour de 
 France, pour })ourvoir a tons mes besoins dans mou voyage, aux frais 
 de sa Majeste Chretienue, etc, etc. 
 
 Les hommes ici sont extrimement polls tt saluent tout ceux qu'ils 
 rencontrent tlans les rues. Les tlamos et les hommes portent des 
 eventails dans les moments tie grande chaleur. La paix conclue re- 
 cemmcnt entre la France ot I'Angleterre fut proclamte anjourd'hui. Lts 
 soldats etaient sous les armes, les canons des remparts furent tin's et 
 accompagn^s de salvos oi de inousquetterie. Le soir on tira des feux 
 d'artifice et la ville fut illuminee. Les rues (itaient pleinos de monde. 
 Lo Gouverneur tn'invita a souper et a partager la joie des citoyens ; il y 
 avait cette reunion un grand n'ombre d'ofliciers et de personnes de dis- 
 tinction, etc., etc, 
 
 '28 Juillet. — Ce matin j'accompagne le Gouverneur, Baron de Lon- 
 gueuil et sa famille, a une lie appelee Ste-Helene, qui est sa propriety • 
 Elle est en facedo la ville et pres du cute oppose du fieuve, Le Gouver- 
 neur y a une tres jolie resilience avec un grand jardin precede d'une 
 cour ; sur I'ile se trouve un moulhi. 
 
1II8T0RY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 » 
 
 r 
 
 R 
 
 I 
 
 > 
 
 S3 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 o 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ler Aout — Le Gouverneiir-GeiKral tin C'aimtla a iv'sidc orcliiiaire- 
 nioit A Qiii'bec, iiiais il viont souvent ii MoDtit'al, oi'i il |)asse I'liiver. 
 I'tMidaiit s(»ii s('J()iir i^ Moiidral il (Ituiieiiio dans co (lu'oii a|i))olIu " le 
 ( hateau," (lui est uiio {^raiKJe inaison do ))ltnie, bati par le (Jouvonieur- 
 Gnieral de Vaudieuil, el appai-teiiHiit encore A ses descendants qiii le 
 louent an roi. 
 
 Montrc'al est la seconde ville en Canada (jnant ason I'tendneet sa ri- 
 eliesse : niaiselleest la i)remiiie ponr sa belle position et ladoncenr de son 
 eliinat. A qiielqneHlienesan-deHsusde la ville, le St-Lanrout.sediviseenpln- 
 sieurs blanches, ct lonneaiiisi |)lusieni'.s lies ))aiiui lesquelles I'ilede Mon- 
 treal est laplus grande. Kile est longue de dix lienes de France et large de 
 qnatre dans sa])lus grande largenr. l^a ville do Montreal est b;itie sur le 
 cote est de I'ile, le long de la j)lns considerable branclie du St. Laurent, 
 ce qui lend sa siiuation trcs belle et trcs avantageuse. La ville est 
 quadrr.ngulaire on jihitot c'est un imrallil')gvaninie rectangulaire qui se 
 tend le iUMg <lu lleuve; de I'autre cote est environnce de clian)j)s a blu 
 trcs ])roductirs. deju'aiiies cliarniantes et de bois ticsagn'ables. Elle a 
 pris son noru de JMontrtal d'une haute niontagne situoe ami deiui luille 
 a I'ouest de la ville, qui eleve f-a tele au-dessus des bois, — c'est J. 
 Carlier qui donna ce noni an s-ite loisqu'il le visita en ir);J5 ; line ville 
 indienne situee an ])ied s'njipela llochclaya. Les pretves, suivant leur 
 coutuiue de donner des nonis de saints a cliaque etablissenient apjielerent 
 Montreal du noni de Ville Maiie, niais ce i'ut le i)rcniier noni qui prevalnt. 
 C'est uue ville agrcable, bien loitiiiee, et entoun'e tie niuiailles eleve'es 
 et solides. Snr le cote est, elle est delendue par la riviere St Laurent, 
 et i)ar I'antre cote par un vallon juolond rcni))li d'eau qui protege la 
 ville contie toute suiinii-e de ia part des eniicniis. C ejieiidant elle ne 
 ponrrait i^oulenir un long siege, u caiuo de son etendue qui exige une 
 garuison ties roiubreuse, et ])arce q;. elle est comiicse'e surlout de 
 coiifetruetion en bois. Jl y a i)lusiers eglises painii lesquelles je men- 
 tionnerai d'abord celle qui aiJjiartient aux ])retres de St. Snlj)ice; 
 ensuite celle des Jesuites ; celle des peres Franciscaius, celle appartenant 
 a la Congregation, et celle de I'liopital. La preiture par les ornements 
 exterieiirs et interieurs, est de beaucoup la ))lus Le)le des e'glises de la 
 ville etnieiue de tout le Canada, lespietresdu seminaire de St. Sulpice 
 out uue grande residence, ou ils vivent en coruDiunaute'. Laniaisondes 
 Franciscains est sjmcieuse et tntonn'e de nnirs solides, niais elle n'est 
 pas si belle que la prt'cedente. Le college des Ji'snite est petit niais bien 
 bfiti. Chacune de ccs dtnieures a des grands jardins jiour Tagrtnieut et 
 I'usage des conimunautes anxquelles ils appaitiennent. Plusienrs des 
 niaibons de la ville sonten i)ierre, les autres en bois niais baties avecf-oin. 
 Les luaisons les plus considerables out des galeries sur la rue on Ton vient 
 s'asseoir le matin et le soir. Les rui^s sont longues, spacieuses. en ligne 
 droite et regulieres, coupees ii angles droits par les rues adjacentes, 
 quelques unes seuleiuent sont pavees. Les portes de la villes ont nom- 
 breuses ; il y en a cinq sur le fleuve dont deux sont tres grandes ; il y en a 
 aussi phisieurs sur I'autre cote de la ville. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 41 
 
 Le vendredi, il y a un join do marohu, les liabitaiits des environs 
 apportent leurs denns, et les gens tie la ville h<> i'ournisseut pour toute la 
 semaiiie, les indiens viennent ce jour lu en grand uombre dans la ville 
 pour vend re et ac-lieter. 
 
 La di'clinaison dc raiguJlle est de dix degn's 3<S minutes par la 
 boussole, M . Hillion, un des jirotres du st'minaire, qui a un gout parti- 
 culier pour les niatht'inaticjues et Tastronaniie, a des&int' un m<!'ridiea 
 dans le jardin du siniinaire qu'il m'a dit avoir exan)inti de jour et de 
 nnit et qu'il a trouvi' tros exa-t. J'ai coiupost'; ma boussole avec son 
 nu'ridien et j'ai tronvt' absolument la meme declinaiscm. 
 
 Suivant M. Billion, la latitude de Montreal est de 45 degres et 27 
 minutes. 
 
 Le voyageur se rend ensuite du Montreal Ti Qu^'-bec et il fait des 
 observations jntt'ressantes : il constate que toutes les rives du fleuve 
 ('taient dijii occupies et en plein rapport, toutes les terres baties et ayant 
 leurs batiments d'exploitation, or il cerit en 1740, c'est ainsi qu'il s'ex- 
 prime. 
 
 " Le pays des deux cot^'S du fleuve, est tros agri'able et le bon etat 
 de la culture, ajoute beaucouj) a la beauti; du pays. On pent appeler 
 toutceparcoiirs, un village commeni;ant a Montreal et finissant a Quebec, 
 sur une ctenduede 180 rallies, car les maisons de ferme ne sont jamais h 
 plus de cinq arpents de distance les unes des autres, et souvent a trois 
 arpents. L'aspect de celte disposition est excessivement remarquable 
 surtout quanil la rivit're est en droite lifrne, jjarce qu'alors les maisona 
 semblent plus rapprochtes et prcsentent I'efl'et de I'aveuue d'un village. 
 
 ^r-fr- 
 
 = ?■•;■:■'%>*. •^'■■VSI l5|?^?jtt-* 
 
 rA ii^^f '..v'l:-i;ii\-«>;Aui.4i .,. ''..■•t-iih.c...,.,.!.-jA 
 
ORIGIN and HISTORY 
 
 OF TIIK 
 
 STREETS eF /nONTREAL, 
 
 < 
 
 X 
 
 The City Hall (Hotel de Ville) is one of the finest Buildings in the 
 City. It is of cut grey limestone and the site was originally a fine 
 garden. Here a vast amount of business is transacted, and when we 
 think of millions of money which it represents as trustee to the city we 
 may well be proud of our Civic Building. 
 
IdST OF MAYORS 
 
 2^^ O ISr T R E A. Xj . 
 
 JACglKS VKiKi;. 
 
 The following List is a most interesting and correct one of the 
 Mayors of the City since its Incorporation, This List (thanks to the 
 Mayor) is the only complete and corrected L'st ever published and to 
 add to its being a unique List the portrait of the first Mayor]^ Jacques 
 Viger is given. 
 
44 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTRliAL. 
 
 Jacques Viger 
 
 1833—1810 
 
 Peter McGill 
 
 1840—1843 
 
 Joseph Bourret 
 
 1843—1845 
 
 James Ferrier 
 
 1845—1847 
 
 John E. Mills 
 
 1847—1848 
 
 Joseph Bourret 
 
 1848—1849 
 
 E. R. Fabre 
 
 1849—1851 
 
 Chas, Wilson 
 
 1851—1854 
 
 "Wolfred Nelson 
 
 1854—1856 
 
 Henry Starnes 
 
 1856—1858 
 
 C. S. Kodier 
 
 1858—1862 
 
 J. L. Beaudry 
 
 1862—1866 
 
 H Starnes 
 
 1866—1868 
 
 W. Workman 
 
 1868—1871 
 
 C. J. Cournol 
 
 1871—1873 
 
 Frs. Cassidy 
 
 1873—1874 
 
 A. Bernard 
 
 1874—1875 
 
 W. Hingstou 
 
 1875—1877 
 
 J. L. Boaudry 
 
 1877—1879 
 
 S. llivard 
 
 1879—1881 
 
 J, L. Beaudry . 
 
 1881—1885 
 
 H Beaugrand 
 
 1885—1887 
 
 J. J. Abbott 
 
 1887-1889 
 
 Jacques Grenier 
 
 1889—1891 
 
 James McShane 
 
 1891—1893 
 
 Alphonse Desjardins 
 
 1893—1894 
 
 J. 0. Villeueuve 
 
 1894—1896 
 
 R. Wilson Smith 
 
 1896—1898 
 
HISTORY OF MONTIIKAL. 
 
 45 
 
 SHORT NOTICES 
 
 SKETCHES OF THE MAYOR 
 
 ALDERMEN AND HEADS 
 OF 
 
 CliZIC DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 It' no notice except the name hero appears, the fault lies with the 
 individual himself not with the Author. Every Alderinau and Head 
 of Departments has either been written to or i)ersonnally approached and 
 if they declined to appear, that settled the matter. 
 
 HIS ^woi?.sh:i:p 
 
 R. WIliSON SfiBlTH, Esq. 
 
 No man who ever held the position of Chief Magistrate in this 
 Metropolitan city ever had such onerous official duties to discharge as the 
 present IVJayor during this Jubilee year of 1807, nor were ever such 
 duties performed with greater zeal, intelligence, or credit to the City. 
 
 Amongst the business men in Montreal, the Mayor stands in the 
 front rank. He is in touch with the soundest financial Concerns of 
 the country. His mind gra3i)s the value of the minutest details of 
 such undertakings, and he is always ready to lend his aid to whatever 
 tends to the development of the country, but above all to advance the 
 interests of his adopted City, 
 
 When one sees the M ayor's name as a supporter or director of any 
 business enterprise we may rest assured that before being placed there 
 all the details of the undertaking had been thoroughly gone into by 
 him. 
 
 Of the schemes regarding Rossland and Klondike and other ore 
 bearing localities, those are alone worthy of confidence that bear the 
 names of prominent business men and wary financiers, who would not 
 embark in any enterprise without the knowledge of its reliability, a 
 
40 
 
 HISTOUY OF MONTH KAL. 
 
 remark which applies to the Kloiiilii<e Company of wliich Mayor R. 
 Wilson Smitii i^ a Director. Tho foufideiu-o shown in his judgment was 
 peen by liis bein^ entrnstod in Jannary 1S1);J l)y tho Moard of Trade 
 to float their mortRaKo bonds to tho extent of SoUO.OIIO. Tho loan was a 
 success being lloated at tlie lowest rate ever obtained for similar bonds 
 in Canada, lie has carried tiirongh successfully, some of tlio largest 
 loans in Canada. 
 
 Apart from his onerous dntios as Mayor of Montreal his private 
 business as a finimcior requires the closest attention. Iq this sphere lie 
 holds a conspicuous })laco, in which he has evinced talents of no 
 common order. His oiiKageinentH are numorous as President or Direc- 
 tor of a number of public companieH und institutions. Ho is President 
 of the Canada Accident Insurance Company; Director of the Montreal 
 Safe Deposit Companv; Director of tho Lachiuo Rapids Power and Light 
 Company; Trustee of tiio (iuanlian A'^suraiice Coinpvny; Director of 
 the Montreal-London UoM and Silver Development Company; lie holds 
 alsotlie office of Harbor Connuissioner, and is a member of tlio Protestant 
 School Board, a Life (Jovornor of the Montreal (r.ineral Hospital, of the 
 Protestant Hosj)ital for the Insane, and of .Notre Dame Hospital. His 
 judgment on financial ami insurance questions is so generally respected 
 that his opinion and advice on investments, and other affairs, are in 
 continual request. 
 
 He takes much interest also in the world of letters, being proprietor 
 and publislier of the Insurance and Finance Chronicle, which, for the 
 past sixteen years, under his management, has secured the highest place 
 amongst the financial Instuance journals of the Dominion. Some 
 years ago lie was elected I'resident of the Press Association of the 
 Province of Quebec. 
 
 The esteem in wliich he is held by liis fellow citizens is sliown by 
 his having been twice elected by acclamation to rejiresent the St. 
 Lawrence Ward in the City Council, and chosen also by acclamation as 
 Mayor of tliis, the Commercial Metropolis of Canada. 
 
 Although .so busily occupied with private and public duties he is 
 always ready to lend a willing ear to the appeals of the oppressed and 
 suffering. No widow or orphan ever apjilied at tlie Mayor's office in 
 vain. The city clergy of all the churches liear of many of his acts of 
 charity and benevolence which are unknown to tlie public. The 
 industrial classes know the Mayor to be their friend. He exemplifies 
 what is said in tlie dedication of this work that, "A generous and 
 sympathetic heart beats under a true and loyal Irish breast." Mayor 
 Wilson Smith was born in Ireland in 1852, and came to Canada in 1878. 
 He is one of the youngest men ever elected Chief Magistrate of this city. 
 Long may iie be spared to utilize his energy and talents in promoting the 
 interests of his fellow citizens, and helping the progress of this Canada of 
 ours, with which he has cast in his lot, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTIIKAL 
 
 47 
 
 UAYMONIJ 1-". I'KHI'ON'rAINK. 
 
48 
 
 insTOKV OF MONTKKAh. 
 
 Raymond F. Prefontaine, Esq., Q, C„ M. P. 
 
 NEXT MIYOH OF MONTREAL 
 
 It iilTonlH !iie iiiiich plmiHuro to pliii-e liH portrnit unci this short 
 Hkutcii in my work iis the woll known Chairman <ji' the Road CoiiiiuitteH 
 of th« City of Montreiil and at that part wliicli treats moro particularly 
 of "Tlio (>riKin and History of tlio Stroets of Muntroal." 
 
 No man has done moru than lie has, in makiiiK these Streets of to-day 
 and if certain jiarties object to the lar^e expenditure for street improve* 
 ment and the result Ih not wliat they think should be— let tliem recollect 
 that the Streets of Montreal are not now like those of 30 years ago or 
 even of If) years a^o. The Road Committee and he. in ))articular, merit 
 all praise handicapped as they have been ijy Legislature Enactments, 
 Companies' Rights and such like actually to liave made the Streets of 
 Montreal what tliey are to-day. 
 
 Mr. Prefontaine was Ijorn at Longueuil. lie is descended from one 
 of the oldest families in the Province. His ancestors settled in what wan 
 called New France as far back as 10(50. Trained in the Jesuit's College 
 he graduated in McOill University and in 1S73 was called to the Bar of 
 the Province, receiving the degree of M. C. L.. the same year from McGill.- 
 He is now one of the leading Advocates of the CJity. Entering politics 
 he, at the General Elections of 1875, carried his county, though only 21 
 years of age, against overwhelming odds. Having been beaten in the 
 general elections of 1878 tlirough the over confidence on the part of 
 his electors, he contested his adversary'.s election Dv Martel and having 
 unseated him, Mr. Prefontaine was re-elected in 1870. In 18S1 
 he was again defeated. On Hochelaga being annexed to Montreal, 
 Mr. Prefontaine as Mayor of tliat Village became one of the Aldermen 
 of the City. In 1880 he again ran for Chambly as the Nationalist 
 Candidate and after one of the hottest contests was elected, This was a 
 by-election and before he could take his seat the Federal Elections came 
 on and he had again to iiglit the battle, whicli he did successfully. 
 At the next General Federal Elections lie was again elected. He is one 
 of the most popular members of the House of Commons. Although he 
 does not speak often, wlien he doe.s — marked attention is always paid to 
 him and his remarks are elfective. Ho has ever been the friend of the 
 laboring classes and one of the best things to them was brought about by 
 him in obtaining the Law that only half of tlieir wages can be seized for 
 debt. He is extremely popular with all parties and henc<i he has 
 acquired the high cognomen of "Rex. Prefontaine." May the joint 
 exertion of the Road Committee ultimately result in Montreal having as 
 good streets and public ways as any city in the American Continent. 
 
lUsroUY OK MO.NTKKAL 
 
 40 
 
 Alderman RAINVILLE Q.C., M LA.. 
 
 Mr. Raiiivillo whh boni at Sto. AiikuIo ilu Maniidir in IH.'i. lie was 
 ediicatiul at tli(^ ("i)ll»K»» of f^t llyacintlio ami Sto. Mario do Maiiaolr 
 and paMsoil a lirilliaiit caroor in Ixitii. Ilo thoii stiidiod Law iindor tlio 
 latoaiul colfbratod .losopli hoiitra, and Kraduatod nt Mcliill University 
 In 1«7.*J. Ho was admitted t«i thi; Mar of (inobec Uth Jan. 1H74. II » 
 practirod for nonujyoars with Ids brotlit»r, tlio lato.lndKu ll.iinvillo, and is 
 now tUo head of tho nxtonsivo Law llrm of Hainvillo, Artihanibault .V 
 OervalH. Mr. Ardianibaidt at present holds tlie responsible ofllce of 
 Attorney (ienoral in tho Mart-hand (iovornnient at Quebec ani is one of 
 tho best that over held the reins of that high oilice in the Koverniuent 
 of our rrovinco. 
 
 Mr. Kainville was elected Alderman for tlie Centre Ward of Montreal, 
 1st March ISH'i and has always been re-elected sineo. h'or six years hu 
 was ('hairniau of tlie Liplit (onnnittoe and is now the T'liairman of the 
 most important ('ominitteo, tho Finance. 
 
 He has al^jo been connected with tho Schotjls of the city, having been 
 a mond)or of tlie H. C. IJoard of Commission for some years, Kntering 
 politics, he was returned for division No. li in Montreal t(, tlie Provincial 
 Parliament in .lune I'^DOandhas over since recoivod tho respect and 
 support of his constituents. lie is still au iionorable member of the 
 Legislative Assembly of Quebec. 
 
 Alderman BEAUSOLEIL Q.C., M.P.. 
 
 Was born at St. Felix, do Valois in I'^l.'). and was educated at Bertliier 
 Academy and Joliette ( 'ollege. Arrived in Montreal in 1804, he studied 
 Law in t'lo oiVice of Messrs IJelanger and Desnoyers. 
 
 In 18(J() his love ft)r politics induced him to enter journalism. lie 
 wrote ftu- L'Ordro then L'Fvenemont. In l^'tJH he became one of the 
 Editors of LeNouveau Monde, undei .Joseph Royal and by the brilliancy 
 of his writings wa.s oloct(id chief editor in 1870, which position he held for 
 two years, when he established with the well known L. C). David, the 
 paper so favorably known as Le Bien Pupblic. 
 
 In 1877 Mr lieausoleil became an oflicial assignee, continuing so till 
 1880 when he resumed his legal studies and was admitted to the Bar 
 the same year. 
 
 A few months after, be entered into partnership witli the late Premier 
 Honon ble Ilonorc Mercier. Tiie firm was Mercier, Boau.soleil, Choquette 
 and Marti neau. lie was elected iu 1882 as Alderman for St. James 
 W^ard, He was re-elected in 1885 by acclamation. His principal works 
 as Alderman, are tho repeal of the Abattoir Monopoly, and the Statute 
 Labor Tax, and the annexation of llochelaga and St. Jean Baptiste Wards 
 to the city. In 1807 lie was elected member of the Hou.se of Commons 
 for the County of Berthier, and has been in Parliament ever since. He 
 is a stnnch <''h.u:-chTnnn, and flovnted to h-s C3v.r.tr7'aud i)r.rty. As an Al'ilor- 
 man his past record speaks ior itself. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTH KAL 
 
 Alderman BHUNET. 
 
 Wrh born at St. Vincent de F^aul. IHMI. H - rcoelvod a Hoiind 
 elt'iuontary nliu-ation, and at tho aK« of IX a-tHoi'inttvl liitusolf with a 
 firm of contractors in Montreal. In 1870 he be^an the in innPacttire of 
 bricl<-', which hnHinean Iuih developed to an enormous extent, chiuHy 
 owinK to bin encr^^y in wurlvin^ out the detaih. Ills fh-Mt introdinttion 
 to bnsincMH wan accoinjtanicd l)y the uhuhI dinicuities, but his biHinesH 
 tact and ability, aoon overcame them, and his tranHactionii increased 
 beyuud bin nioHt Hangnine anticipatioiiN. He in excDcilinKly popular, 
 with hiu own immediate worknion, and hi<4 ^'tiH^t'oiH kindness is much 
 appreciated by the population ol' the Kist Knd. The lal)(>rinK nien 
 of the city have always found in him a warm Hympatbi/er and 
 advocate of their grievances. Hesides bis brick business, Mr. Hriinet 
 has been en^aKcd in many otliur commercial transactions. He is a 
 director of several buildini; and rjiiiway enterprises. With a strong 
 feeling of patriotism he organised a company to build a road at Montfort 
 which traversed a most fertile region and has been extremely beneficial 
 to the settlers. He afterwards became jjresidont «)f t. is road. He was 
 one of the founders and directors of the St. Gabriel de lirandou 
 Railway, and has always interested himself in the work of coloni/.ation 
 He Is an active director of th) Montre/il Exposition Co., and a 
 member of the Chamber do Commerce since IHDi, He is a leading 
 member of several building organiicatious and of the Unions St. Pierre 
 and St. Jo"eph. 
 
 Her ced public life in 1872, being elected for St. Louis Ward 
 
 in t' ipal Councils. He retired of his own accord in 1878, and 
 
 fl\ later was chosen to represent St. .lamos Ward, which seat he 
 
 hat ^itined ever since. He is a prominent member in several Commit- 
 tees, and his valuable services were duly recognized by being elected 
 by hiH constituents, in 1894, by the largest majority ever polled by a 
 candidate for civic honors. His consistent attention to his municipal 
 duties has been properly appreciated by his confreres in the City 
 Council by appointing him their representative on the Catholic Board of 
 School Commissioners. His services to the citi/.'3ns generally, cannot be 
 over-estimated. 
 
 In politics Mr. Brnnet is a Liberal, From ]890 to 1892 he represent- 
 ed the St. James Ward in the Provincial Legislature, and his curt 
 precise business speech' s always commanded respect and attention, All 
 his operations have been conducted and brought to success by untiring 
 energy, business tact, and sound common sense. 
 
HISTUKY OP MUNTUEAL. 
 
 Alderman GROTHE. 
 
 Mr. (iri)tlii' was lioni. ISjM. |{u w.is udiu^iitoil at tlin ('liristlnii KrOa 
 tlitTH' Scliool ill (lie St. Laurttncu ^Waril. liUaviiiK ncIkhiI Ijm worit to 
 learn tlie trtidu of n workiiiK ju\vt<llur under the Instrut'tionH uf hin 
 father, (lis at'(ur Hkill In woi-kiiinnsliip anil arthtic tasti) very notm 
 placed hlni in tlitt front rank of coinpi^titors. In IS77, Ito had K'^inud 
 siifh a position as to unable him to establish a wliolesale jewelry st4ire 
 on Kortillcation lane, where he worke<l and tlistrlbuted a considerable 
 part of the jewelry that was used in the citv n.n<l cfjiuitry. His busi- 
 ness incTeaNed to such an ext»'nt th it in 1^H(I he removed his factory to 
 O.'i St. Lawrence Street, where ho took hin brother, A A. Urothj, into 
 |)artnerNliip. 
 
 Aid. Orothi'' is a fair nample of those inun who by tlieir enor^y and 
 intelllKtMice, in the course of time become wealthy, and ac(pdre Chat 
 position anuiUK their fclIow-<'itizenH that should bo tlio aim of every 
 workiuKnianin this democratic country of ours, where honor in bestowed 
 upon those to whom it is due, and where honesty and perseverance are 
 always sure to be triumphant. 
 
 Aid. (irotho has been a hearty supporter of tiie various benevolent 
 clubs founded in the city, and is an active oflicer of the St. Joseph, St. 
 Pierre and the Artiz-aus Soeiet'es, and during I Hid-?);' acted as I'resident 
 of the St. Jean Haptisto Society. In 1HU.\ ho w.is nominated by the 
 citi/.cns of the St. Jean-Haptisto Ward to represent them in the City 
 Council. Although suffering from illness and unable to do the usual 
 canvassing, he was triumphantly elected b> a large majority. 
 
 Alderman LAPORTE. 
 
 Hormidae Lai)orte, of tlie firm of Laporte, Martin & Cio., vvliolesale 
 Grocers, St. Peter Street, was born 1850, at Lachine. 
 
 He received his education at ihe village scliool, and came, in 1S66, to 
 Montreal, where he attended MolTatt's Night Scliool, tluis evincing, at 
 the very outset of his life, the spirit of energy and worthy ambi 
 tion which has carried him on his successful career. 
 
 After four years, he entered into commercial life, and he took a 
 place as clerk in a retail grocery and during the autumn of the same 
 year, he started, a grocery on his own account. 
 
 This business prospered so well on his hands, that in 1881 hesold 
 ont and began a wholesale grocery and provision establishment, which 
 increased so wonderfully, tliat seven years later, he took as partners 
 J. B. A. Martin and J. O. Boncher. In ' the tirm was again augment- 
 ed by the addition of two other partners. 
 
 ■ISfWTV^ 
 
b'i 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 It is uow twenty-livo yoars since thi'< Monrisliinp: house was estab- 
 lished, and its staiidinj? today is one of the bi'st in tlio city The 
 direction of every detail, has always been luider tlie control and niannK«- 
 ment of tlie members of the firm, and the confidence w ith which they 
 were enabled to ins|)ire the public contriijuted not a little to tlieir 
 triumph. Thf^y t>mpl()V, fifty assistants, and live travellers rejiresent 
 on the road the inter sts of the house. Mr. Laporte has been for years 
 treasurer, president, ...id warden of the Cougi'eKatU)ns and of the different 
 charitable institutions of the parish of St. Joseph. He is Past-I'resident 
 of tlie I'nion St. Vincent, aiul President of the Alliance National, and 
 Past-Treasurer and President of the Association of St. Jean Baptiste, 
 Section St. Joseph, 
 
 Mr, Laporte is a member of the H >ard of Trade, and of tlie 
 Wholesale Grocers' Association, Ho was also one of tlio promoters of 
 the Cliambre de Commaree. He was for two years Vice-President of 
 the Chamber, and President for the same length of time. He has been 
 since ISDS a Justice of the peace, Director of the Merchants' Telephone 
 Company, and ("ouncillor and Mayor of Dorin Village ( Vaudreuil Station), 
 where he resides iu summer. He is a Harbor (Jommissioner. 
 
 Alderman COST IG AN. 
 
 He was born in Montreal in ISOO, educated at tlie U\fr]\ Scliool and 
 entered on t' e study of Law, but owinj? to ill h(>alth he had to abandon 
 all study — after regaining better health, heeuteivd into partnership with 
 his brother, succeeded to the business of their father in ISSl. He joined 
 the third \ ictoria Rifles in \^~7 and after serving twelve years, got a 
 Commission in the Montreal Brigade of (iarrision Artillery and rose to 
 the position of Caj)tain and Adjutant. He t en transferred to the third 
 Field Battery of Artillery under Lt. CoJ. Stevenson and succeeded to the 
 rank of Major commanding in 1897: 
 
 He was elected Alderman for St. Antoine Ward in IHOH and re elected 
 twice since by acclamation was elected a member of thi* Protestant 
 Board of School Commissioners in 1894 and re-elected iu 1897. 
 
 Ool. STEVENSON. 
 
 Is one of the best known men of Montreal. No wonder lie should 
 possess qualities wliicli have made him such. His motlier was Janet 
 Frances Allan cousin of the Immortal Burns and sister tf) the late Capt. 
 Allan and Aunt to our well known citizens the late Sir Hugh Allan and 
 the present head of the Allan Line Mr Andrew Allan. — 
 
 The Col. arrived in Canada in 1816. In 18.53 he established the 
 printing firm of Messrs. Owler <Sc Stevenson publishing "The Sun "and 
 for some years " McKay's Directory " now merged for years past in 
 •• Lovell'.-." 
 
HISTOnVOF MONTREAL 
 
 53 
 
 H 
 
 C 
 
 
^t 
 
 hlSTOHY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Afterward tlie Co\. carried on the business alone. In 1871) it was 
 merged into tlie "Montreal J'rintiiif? Co." — 
 
 In 1861 ho was elected Councillor for the West Ward and Cliairinan 
 of the Fire Alarm Telegraph CoiiMtruction Committee — whilst Counfillor 
 he niado the first motion to acquire the Mountain as a Public Park. 
 Very great opposition was raised but it became a fact. Retiring from 
 the Council in 1807 he was again elected Alderman for his old Ward and 
 has ever since been in the Council. He is then the father of the Council 
 of Montreal. 
 
 In 188(5 he was made the Cliairman of the Fire Committee and ever 
 since has strived to make this most important branch the finest in America 
 and truly. ** Secundus NuUi. " 
 
 But perhaps as a Military man the Col. is best known to the citizens 
 of Montreal having been for years the pojjular Commander of the "Field 
 Battery " from which he retired some years ago. With both the Cale- 
 donian and St. Andrew's societies, he has been long connected. 
 
 Alderman ARCHAMBAULT. 
 
 Was born in 1852. He like so many others who have made their 
 mark in Montreal, was educated at the Brother's School and afterwards 
 at the Montreal College. When quite young he started business with 
 his brothers in 1879 at 1458 Ste. Catherine Street. Their store soon 
 became one of the most frequented Dry Goods eatablishmeuts in the 
 City. 
 
 He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. When the late Alder- 
 man Dupuis made the Ward vacant Mr. Archambault was elected by 
 acclamation to fill his place. He has ever attended to the wants of the 
 Ward " St. James" and been a faithful and energetic servant to his 
 constituents and ever foremost in advocating, every thing to the 
 advantage of that part of the City in which he resides. 
 
 Alderman SAVIGNAC 
 
 Was born at Berthier in 1849- He was educated at the Jacques 
 CartJer Normal School where so many of our business men, as well as 
 professional have received their education under the guidance of one 
 of the most erudite men of the country. 
 
 This is sliown in Mr. Savagnac becoming In 1868 both Principal and 
 Professor of St. ' esaire Academy. Resigning this position he came to 
 Montreal, and entered business with F. Drapeau as Tinsmiths, Roofers 
 and Plumbers. When the firm dissolved partnership, he opened an 
 office as an Accountant. Ten years ago lie was elected for St Louis 
 
HISTORV of MONTREAL. 
 
 BS 
 
 Ward as Alderman whi--h lie has represented ever since, there by 
 demonstrating the great hold he has on the electors of that ward. He 
 is a member and a useful one of the Chamber of Commerce and belongs 
 to several Committees of the City Hall. We hope that he will long 
 continue to represent the ward. 
 
 Alt'erman DUPBE, M. P. 
 
 Very few of our Aldermen attain to the high distinction of being at 
 the same time an Alderman of Montreal and Member of the House ('f 
 Commons at Ottawa. 
 
 Alderman Dupri) was born at Vercheres in IH4'2 and wag educated 
 there. After his leaving School and College ' e came to Montreal at the 
 age of 28. Thtre he started business as a Wood Merchant in company 
 with Mr. Cliausso, which is s ill continued in the East End on St. 
 Catherine street. He has been an excellent member of theCivic Board and 
 always ready to advance everything connected with his ward and his 
 political career has secured him the confidence of his constituents. 
 
 Alderman MAEITNEAU. 
 
 Was born in 1858. He was educated at Ste Mary's College where he 
 passed a successful curiculum and from which well known Institute he 
 entered McGill College and graduated in Law in 1879. 
 
 In 1881 he entered into partnership with the late Premier of Quebec, 
 the Honorable H. Mercier — thj firm being styled, Mercier, Beausoleil, 
 Choquette & Martineau. 
 
 After the death of the chief he continued pi'actice with success and 
 wap lately elected to represent St. Denis Ward in the affairs of the City. 
 
 Mr. Martineau is an example of a persevering and pushing man who 
 yet will come to the front rank in political and civic affairs and though 
 of a retiring disposition yet has the true vim and enthusiasm and he 
 will make himself heard in the meetings of the Council. 
 
 . L. O. DAVID, Fsqr City Clerk, 
 
 Was born at Sault aux Recollet in 1840 and educated in the College 
 of Ste. Therese. He studied law with the lateJudge Mousseau and became 
 his partner until he was admitted to the Bar. He established in c(m- 
 junctiou with him and Mr. Desbarats, the well known i)eriodical 
 Jj Opinion Puhlique. Retiring from that journal he established along with 
 Mr. Beausoleil the Bien Public. By tlieir articles they caused the fail of 
 the Ouimet Government. He left the Bien Public in 1876 on account of his 
 views on protection, which he considered would be a good thing 
 for Canada for 10 or 15 years to come. At the ml of that period, he 
 
M 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 : • . 
 
 VlGl^i; sgl AK 
 
History op montrral. 
 
 tsfi ^ 
 
 chanKed his vIowh and became a Free Trader with the United States and 
 all otlier countrios. 
 
 But it is as a literary man that Mr. David is best known to the 
 readinK public of Canada. His great work after he left the Bien Puhlic 
 was his well known liook on tlie Rebellion of 1837-8 and called " Les 
 Patriotes." From tliat work I have received more than once immense 
 benefit and help in writing uj) my Histor;; of the Montreal Jail for 110 
 years and I must take this ojiportunity of thanking him publicly for his 
 endorsation of that work. He kindly wrote these words to me aneut 
 my researches of that period both in the Vaults of the Court Flouseand 
 Records of the Prison. "J'ai lu avec le plus grand inti'ifit le livre que 
 vouH veupz (le publier sur les cvoneraents de 1837-8. Vous aves: le raorite 
 d'avoir fait connaitre una foule de dotails et de documents otticiols relatifs 
 a ces c'enements," 
 
 Mr. Daviil also published a valuable work entitled ** Porti'aits and 
 Riographie.' < f well kuov.n ('anadians. 
 
 In 1880 he was nominated to the Local House of Parliament for 
 Quebec for the division of Montreal Fast but refused re-election in 1890. 
 He has for years been the President of the St. Jean Raptiste Society and 
 was greiitly instrumental in getting erected the Monument National— in 
 St. Lawrence street. — For the past few years he has been the City Clerk 
 and by his lore and legal knowledge has greatly aided all those who 
 have come in contact with him ever on the "qui vive" to advance any- 
 thing beneficial to Montreal or his native Province. 
 
 COL., (Chief) HUGHES. 
 
 \Vas born in 1817 at Ste. Therese. Ilis father was an Advocate and 
 Clerk of tlie Peace. He was educated at ^icolet College and admitted 
 a Notary in 1873 and called to the Bar of Queboc in IH81. He first 
 practiced with Honorable (now Judge) Ouiniet. Afterwards he was for 
 ten years Deputy Clerk of tlie Peace and Clerk of Licenses for the City. 
 Having resigned these ai)pointments he became Brigade Major of No. 6 
 Military District. In 1880 he was made Major of the 05th Battalion and 
 a Brevet Lieutenant Colonel. 
 
 When tlie North West Rebellion broke out he Avaived his rank and 
 went as Major of his old corps to the west which he commanded at 
 the engagements of Frenchmen's cut May 28, 1885. He was recommended 
 by General Middleton to be a full Colonel for his actions in the 
 engagements. 
 
 He was appointed Chief of Police of Montreal April 1888, and ever 
 since lias been assiduous in looking after the welfare of his men. benefit- 
 ting them by all possible means. He was the mainspring in getting tlie 
 Benefit Fund organized, which has done so much good in the past 
 both to the men of the force and their families. 
 
K8 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 He in Hprung from a H^liting race, liis great gratid-fatlier bulongHd 
 to tlie Canadian Peiieibles and hU Krand-father to tlie 7Hth I liKhlandHrH. 
 His Uncle fell at the Battle of Lacolle iu the war of IMT^. 
 
 The Chief is a fine specimen of a tine raco who liave done their 
 duty to their King or C^iieeu and country, 
 
 J. 0. A. L/ FOEEST, Superintendent W.ter Worli 
 
 His fatlier was born in 1807 at Joliettb Que; and father was Pierre 
 Laforest, Superintendent of Joliette Water Works; He was educated at 
 Joliette College and .ifter followed a course of (Jivil Engineering at the 
 Polytechnic School of Montreal, where he'graduated with honors in IH«7. 
 He was appointed first Asst. Engineer of the Montreal and Lake Maskin- 
 onge Ry. where he continred to the spring of 1888. He then entered as 
 first asst. Engineer of tho Great Northern Ry. In July 1889 he was 
 appointed Deputy Supt. of the Montreal Water Works, and in May 1895 
 Acting Supt of the same, In December 18&0 ho was appointed Super- 
 intendent of the M. W. V^orks at the age of 29, 
 
 E. McMAHOIT, Coroner of Montreal. 
 
 Was born at the pretty Village of Ste. Rose in 1 852. He was 
 educated like so many otliers at the Montreal College. Having passed 
 successfully througli that institution, he entered McGill University and 
 after taking the course of liaw with honor and success graduated from 
 that centre of Learning in 1892. After the death of the late well known 
 Joseph Jones who for some years was Coroner of Montreal Mr. McMahon 
 was appointed in his place, which situation he now fills to the entire 
 satisfaction of all the citizens. 
 
 Residing in the Town of Westmount a suburb of Montreal, he was 
 appointed the Recorder of that Municii ality and his judicial decisions 
 meet with the entire favor of the inhabitants of that important place. 
 
 Mr. McMahon is one of our best musical men in the city, and this is 
 shown by his being the Leader of the Choir of the Notre Dame Church 
 where he has abundance of opportunities to display his talent, 
 
 B. H. OABPENTEB, Ohief DeteotiTd. 
 
 We cannot say anything regarding our most efficient Chief Detective 
 without speaking of the last Institution in which he was the presiding geniu?. 
 This Agency was established some years ago and has built up for itself a great 
 business throughout the whole Dominion. It is under Government Patronage, 
 and the subject of our sketch remained its chief manager until he was lately 
 promoted to be the Chief Detective of the City of Montreal. He has had 
 years of experience and is a shrewd, quick and successful professional, as h.TS 
 been seen since he took the reins of office of his Department at the City Hall. 
 
HiHToftY 0I^ moi^trp:al. 
 
 He was born in Argenteuil, 1854 ; and attended the common school in the 
 County until 16, when he went to Ottawa and attended certain studies there. 
 
 He jf)ined theC'ity Police Force in 1880 and soon was promoted Sergeant, 
 and afterwards placed in the Detective Department. 
 
 Here he remained until 1890 when he resigned on being appointed 
 Detective by the Provincial Government of Quebec with the privilege of going 
 into partnership with Mr. John A. Grose who was then connected with the 
 Canadian Secret Service. 
 
 He was partner with Mr. Grose until 1893 when Mr. Grose left to take the 
 management of the Dominion Burglary Guarantee Co. and he continued the 
 management and direction of the Canadian Secret Service Agency until 
 December 1896 when he was appointed to take charge of the City Detective 
 Department. 
 
 During the time he was in ihe Government Service and connected with the 
 Canadian Secret Service Agency he had busine.ss for the Government and 
 large Corporations in Canada, which necessitated his travelling all over Canada, 
 the United States and through Cuba and Mexico. 
 
 He has been connected during the last fifteen years with the most 
 important criminal' cases in this country, and it is a fact that he has always 
 been very successful. 
 
 Z. BENOIT, Chief t f Fire Brigade. 
 
 Was boru at St. Jean Chrysostome. He was educated at the Public 
 School of that place and after finish lug his studies started life as a clerk 
 iu a grocery establishment in 1875. 
 
 One of the most useful acts of Mr. Benoit's life was his organization 
 of tlie St. Henri Police and Fire Brigade, which he raised to a high state 
 of excellence. When the office c f ( hief of the Fire Brigade of the City 
 of Montreal became vacant, he was appointed in 18H8 to fill the respon- 
 sible office which he has ever done since to the satisfaction oftho citizens 
 at large and especially to the Fire Insurance Companies. This is 
 evidenced by the many donations sent to him in aid of the Fireman's 
 Fund. Like the chiefs who have preceded him— he is really the right 
 man iu the right place. 
 
 J. E. DORE. 
 
 Was born at the old Village of Laprairie iu 1857. He was educated 
 at the Montreal College. After this when quite young he spent several 
 years in the United States, but like many others finding that he could 
 live as well in his native country he returned to Canada and settled in 
 Montreal where he established the company of Dore A Charbonnez. 
 
 Being appointed Sanitary Engineer he has fulfilled the duties of that 
 most important ofHce to tlie satisfaction of all concerned and on him 
 devolves much of the health of the citizens, as regards everything 
 belonging to the Sanitary arrangement of their bouses. 
 
m 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
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 Si I.I.I IS M,iiAUi-; 
 E O. CHAMPAGNE, Inspector of Boi'ers. 
 
 Mr. CJiampagnt! wa.H bom at Sorol. ami is now rorty-six ytiars oi" 
 a(?fl. He received his education I'roni the ('hri.stian IJrotliers in his 
 native town, and coiiinu'nccd Ids business career in 1I^(J;*>. 
 
 In l'S72 lie obtained a lirst-ciass certilicate of Mechanical Knj^ineer- 
 ing. beinp the first Krencii-Canatlian who iiati sou>,'ht and obtained that 
 distinetion, since tluj coiuniencenitnit of the Department in 1S5U. He is 
 J'rosident of the Association of Hoiler Insj)ectors of the United States 
 and Canada. He is a practical engineer, and holds to-iiay tlie respon- 
 Hible position of IJoiler lnsj)ector of the ( ity of Montreal, and Kxamlner 
 of persons seeking eni|)loyment in the Department under his surveillance. 
 It is a i)osition of trust, itHiuiriuK painstakiuK care and skill, and for 
 the task coimuitted to his charge he is eminently litted. 
 
 It is a grave, and we might say, in this connection, a jirosaic work 
 in which he 18 engaged, and it is tl\ereforo with a natural sur))rise 
 that the stranger learns that Mr. ( hampagne is a noted sportsman. He 
 is acknowledged on all liands to be a lirst-class marksman, and i", in 
 fact, the best snapshot in tlie Dominion. 
 
 Among tlie experts employed in trying and testing tire-engines and 
 pumps in the City of Montreal, lie is chief. He was responsble during 
 the trial of the Wortliington pumps with a capacity of fifteen million 
 gallons, the first engine of the kind used in the city. 
 
 He gained the prize given by the Club de Chasse etde HCche du 
 Chenal du Moine at the inauguration of their Club House ; the money 
 prize given by Mr. Costen for the best marksman of the Province ; also 
 another prize, given by the Association of Meclianical Engineers, for 
 the best shot. Mr, Champagne's career as a steamboat engineer 
 extends over a period af fourteen years, during which time he ploughed 
 through the waters of the St. Lawience. Ottawa and Richelieu Rivers, 
 Lake Champlain and the Upper Lakes, and two seasons on the Gulf of 
 St. LaAvrence. 
 
HIHTOIIV OF MONTUEAL. 
 
 P^J^ ^Jf^, 
 
 m 
 
 'j^ 
 
 XTbc public Squares 
 
 MONTRET^L. 
 
 ^ i- ■ — ; •»■' 
 
 DOMINION SQUARE, was aequiml by pmvli iso in U7;J 
 fromGiltuan Clietioy and (others and was formerly tliu II )iu m Catliolic 
 Burying Ground. 
 
 CHAMP d© MARS» i*^ the property of tlie Dominion Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 DUFFERIN SQUARE, was acquired from the Trustees of the 
 Protestant Burying Ground in 1871. 
 
 DALHOUS'E SQUARE, \vas obtained from the Imperial 
 Government in 1823 and waa wiped out by the now C. P. 11. Station in 
 1894. 
 
 PLACE D'ARMES SQUARE, Previous to 1845, the Place 
 was not enclosed. In 1845 the ground was levelled, a carriage way was 
 paved around it and an Iron fence was erected. 
 
 ST. JAMES SO'.'ARF. ««« ncrinired by the Tity, flboi^t the 
 
 year 18 JU. 
 
HISTORY OK MONTREAL. 
 
 JACQUES CARTIER SQUARE, botweon N<.tro Damo and 
 St, Paul streutN was opuneJ proviuiH to the Incorporation of the (.'it/ 
 (1840), and betwuen St. I'aul and ('oiumissioueM Strot'ts wnn oponud 
 previuuH to 1H8(S. rlih Hcinare won given to the City for the purpoue 
 of being used hn a I'ublie Market. 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE SQUARE, ^v<l« purchased from Mr. Wm, 
 Dow previonn to IHKl, bv a resolution of Council (lSU2j it Is now 
 
 cHiied, LA PLAC£ ROYALE. 
 
 PARTHENAIS SQUARE, was formed and ni vcadaiuisod in 
 184S. In 1858 a piece of ground was pnrcha.Hed from Ir. McUill for the 
 purpose of Htraighteniug the N. E. side. 
 
 HAY MARKET. ^^'^'^ pnruhaned from the Geutlemeu of the 
 Seminary in 1S05. 
 
 PAPINEAU SQUARE, waH opened previous to 1815 and was 
 called Queen's Square ; it is now called Pai>ineau Avenue, since July IHVO, 
 by a resolution of Council. 
 
 VIGER SQUARE, was obtained iu 1M44, the greatest portion of it 
 gratuitously ceded in 1S44 by Messrs. \'iger and Lacroix; other portions 
 being acquired at different dates, the latest acquisition, having been 
 made by expropriation in 1802. 
 
 WESTERN SQUARE, was acquired by the City in 1870. 
 
 1844. 
 
 RICHMOND SQUARE, was opened previous to the year 
 
 VICTORIA SQUARE, the greatest portion of this Square was 
 acquired in 1H41 and was called Commissioners Square, lu 1HH8 a piece 
 of land was expropriated at the corner of St. James street for the exten- 
 sion of said square. 
 
 PHILLIPS SQUARE, was ceded to the City by Alfred Phillips 
 Esq. in 1842. 
 
 BEAVER HALL SQUARE, was ceded to the City by Alfred 
 Phillips Esq. in 1842. 
 
 BELLERIVE SQUARE, is city property since 1803. 
 
UIHTORY OF MONTUKAL. 
 
 ST. LOUIS SQUAhE, was pmvluvHiul by the City iu 184H, for 
 the purpuHM o( NtipplyiiiK tho City with water. 
 
 ST. GABRIEL SQUARE, wnHncqulml hy tlie city in 180?. 
 CHERIER SQUARE, waH acquired by the City in 1870, 
 
 ment. 
 
 ST. PATRICK SQUARE, I'olcngH to the Dominion Govern 
 
 LOGAN PARK, ••'* t''** property of tlio Doukiiiion (Jovornraont 
 MOUNT ROYAL PARK, was acquired from 1872 to 1875. 
 
 
 A 
 
(II 
 
 HISTOIIY OF MONTUKA^I* 
 
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 O 
 
UlSTURY OF MUNTUBAL. 
 
 M 
 
 Alderman HABPEB. 
 
 The Hiihjitct of thi> skotcli IlkoMo many of tliniii who Ipivm nvuln tliolr 
 rnnrk in < iituiilii in a niitive born ScotHiuiiii, llu whs bofii in AyrH||ir«, 
 the iMtul of MuriiH in tliu year lK;i2. 
 
 He t'rtiuB to Canaila with tlin family when ho was quite a youth. 
 After Nonio yoars of luii-il work li>« stiirtod on liis own i*esponsil)ilitlu<4 In 
 buHlnuHH and it is nMi)(ili«4H to say. that by his taot, enet'Ky ntiil into^rlty 
 In the Hamn, he has Ixiilt up one of the lar^eHt and best known hou^eH 
 not 111 Montroal only liiit tht'ouKhout the Dominion. 'I'iiis was twenty- 
 five years a^o and ever sincie Mr. Harper has steadily advanced. 
 
 He wan elected to represent tlie St. Ijiiwrence Ward in I 'U.I and has 
 been one of the moMt enerKetie of the City Kathers at their (Jouneil and 
 Committee ineutin^s, acting NometimuH as Deputy .Mayor. Hu In also a 
 Member of the Doard of Traile and a (lovernor of the (ienoral HoHpital. 
 
 Alderman McBRIDE, 
 
 He 1h another of our Aldermen who Is a native of Montreal, having: 
 been born in the (ity in ISIJ). Me was educated in Montreal and after 
 paHsinff throufjfli his studioH entered business and is now one of the moHt 
 important firms of the city.Vipond, McHriile tSc Co., wholesale fruits. His 
 career sliows what push and capacity can do even for any one determined 
 to Hucceed. This is hIiowu in his havin(< been elected by his fellow <ut,i/,ons 
 to represent tliem aH Alderman for the West Ward, which position he 
 has f«)r years done, to tlie satisfaction ot all, they having always elec^ted 
 liim by acclamation. He in also one of the tiiree Aldermen who represent 
 the Protestant Hc^hool CommiHsiou of the Protestant .Scho(»l.s of the City 
 and duriuK Win incumbency (winch it may be for lonnr in the future) 
 he haw Heen the work of education extend on all sides and some of the 
 finest educational structures on the Continent built under his regime and 
 that of his confreres. The Hifjh School and Aberdeen School are instauces 
 of tile progress of tlie Protestant School Commissioners. 
 
 Alderman SADLER. 
 
 Was born in 1S5"2 and educated at the Model School of Montreal. He 
 commenced business in IHTOvvithT. Kobin in the leather belt manufactur* 
 iuK, in which he is engaged to this day. He was one of the original 
 movers in the Montreal Exposition and has been an active Director of 
 that important Institution since its inception. He is also a Life Member 
 of the M ontreal General Hospital and Verdun Protestant Hospital for 
 the Insane and Vice President of the Caledonia Curling Club. 
 
 He was elected Alderman for St. Antoine Ward in 1870, and still 
 represents it in the Council. 
 
 The present firm is Sadler and Haworth, one of the best known firms 
 in the Dominion in their lino of business. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Alderman JACQUES. 
 
 He was born at Loiifjiiouil, opposito Montreal, in the county of 
 Chanubly, ISOl. He attended tlie Longueuil I'ollege and passed a satis- 
 i'actory career in tliat Institution, al'terwar Is enterinjf as a pupil St. 
 Joseph's Commercial Academy and passing tlirough all its courses. 
 
 He then began the same business as his Father, being very necessary 
 to him in liis energy and application and at last succeeded to the entire 
 control of it. So conservative is Alderman Jacques (though a strong 
 Liberal) tliat he still resides in the same place in which his father lived 
 for the past twenty-two years. 
 
 He was elected by his fellow citizens in 1801 to represent tlieiii in 
 the Countil and so effectually has he done so, that he has been always 
 re-elected since. He lias ever striven to benefit that part of tlie city 
 over which he presides and in the Council has always been an active and 
 progressive member. In all governmental and municipal measures he 
 has ever stood on the side of reform and his influence lias more than 
 once been felt in the meetings of the ( ouncil. 
 
 Alderman KINSELLA. 
 
 Was born at St. Columba, County of Two Mountains, December, lS4!i. 
 He came to Montreal wlien a mere boy and embarked in the giocery 
 business where he was employed for a number of yk.ars. Being of an 
 enterprising disposition he decided to go into busiue.ss on his own account. 
 In his new venture he had umboimded success, so much so that after 
 .seven years he decided to build a larger store to supply the demands of 
 his trade. In 1S81 he moved into his own block at the corner of Ottawa 
 and Shatnion Sts., where success again crowned his efforts, and was, after 
 seven yjiars of continuous hard work, able to retire, yet, he was never 
 happy unless engaged in some pursuit and after one year of rest, during 
 which time he visited tlie old country he decided to embark in the livery 
 and sale stable business, as lie always had a strong fascination for well 
 bred horses and trotting stock. The result was the formation of tlie pHrt- 
 nership of Starr and Kinsella, and the building of one of the largest sale 
 stables in Canada, situated on Mansfield St. He is at present agent for 
 Wm. Dow & Co., of tliis city. 
 
 Mr. Kinsella is an extensive property holder in St. Ann's and St. 
 Antoino Wnrds. He isa member of the Crocers and Real Estate As.socia- 
 tions and also I'resident of the Irish Catholic Benefit Society and the 
 C. M. B. A, Association. He was elected Alderman for Ste. Ann's Ward 
 in 1890. 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL, 
 
 67 
 
 Aldorman CHARPeNTIER. 
 
 Was born in Montreal in 1 H59 and received his education at the St. 
 James School of " Leg Frfires de la Doctrine Chr^tiennes," after which he 
 started in business as a Contractor and Builder in 1 885. He has always 
 taken an active part in the different Societies in his Division as seen by 
 his beinf? President of the St, Bridget's Section of the St. Jean Baptiste 
 Society in 18H6 and 1H87, He was also President of the Joint Committee 
 of the three Parishes of St. M ary's Ward for the large celebration that 
 took place in the east end of the city in 1896. He is also President of 
 St. Vincent de Paul Society. 
 
 He was elected in 1890 for St. Mary's Ward and has ever since 
 worked in the Council for the benefit of the city and particularly for his 
 own Division. 
 
 B. T. DeMONTIGNY, Recorder of Montreal. 
 
 Was born at St. Jerome in 1838. Studied at the College of Joliette. 
 After passing his legal curriculum lie was admitted to the Bar in 1858 
 when he had just attained his majority. 
 
 Next year began the movement to raise a battalion of Pontifical 
 Zouaves to aid the Pope in the struggles then going on in Italy. 
 
 In 1801 Mr. De Montigny joined this corps and remained two years. 
 He is now th9 oldest Zouave in Canada. When the first band of crusad- 
 ers left Montreal in January 1868, we find amongst them the subject of 
 our sketch and Governor V^allee of the Prison and Chief Htighes of the 
 Police and L. Forget ( hief Clerk of the Recorder's Court. When they 
 landed in France they caused an immense sensation. " Drapeau blanc en 
 tfite, avec la devise " ; " Aime Dieu et va ton chemin," these Zouaves were 
 received everywhere with acclamation. 
 
 At the beautiful city of Lyons, they received a royal reception and 
 an eminent member of the French Academy wrote an ode on their career. 
 We cannot forbear giving one verse of it. 
 
 " Allez votre chemin, Pran^ais de Nouveau Monde, 
 Race de vos aieux tout a. coup ranim(ie, 
 Allez laissant chez vous une trace feconde 
 Offrir un noble sang au Dieu que vous aimez." 
 
 After their return to Canada, Mr. DeMontigny resumed the duties 
 ot Lis profession and was made District Magistrate for Terrebonne. 
 
 '. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Ill 1H80 he -was appointed Recorder of Montreal and for the past 17 
 years has fulfilled the onerous iluties of his oflice to the satiHlaction of 
 all. Many a prisoner has had to acknowledge that tlirouKh lii^ charity 
 and benevolence the sentence lias been suspendeil or such as tlu' mildest 
 possible to be given. Among Protestants the Ilecordor is held in high 
 e»teem. 
 
 < 
 
 PERCIVAL ST. GEORGE 
 
 Is also a Scotsman, having been born at Forres, Scotland, 1819. He 
 was educated for seven years in France antl finished at the Tniversity of 
 Edinburgh. He came to this country in 1880. For four years he was 
 Assistant Engineer In the construction and survey of the C. P. R, then 
 other lines. For eight years he was Dei)uty Surveyor of the City of 
 Montreal and in 1883 he was apjjointed City Surveyor which position he 
 still holds. 
 
 His position is one of the most arduous and responsible of all tlie 
 Departments of tlie City and he is continually called on in Committee or 
 in Council to give information regarding tlu; Streets of the city. 
 
 Mr. St. George's knowledge of the City botl> above and below ground 
 is more than any other man's in Montreal and it requires an enerj^etic 
 mind like his, to keep all things in order and obviate confusion in his 
 offlce. 
 
 J. ROUER ROY Q.C., City Attorney. 
 
 Was born in 1821, in Montreal, his father was Joseph Roy, who 
 represented the City of Montreal in the Quebec Legislature, before 1837. 
 On the occasion of his death, in 1850, Hon. Joseph Papineau tlius spoke 
 of him: — " The one we have lost has left us none but noble examples to 
 imitate, and not one act or one word that requires to be excused. " His 
 mother belonged to a family of Italian origin, which was allied to the 
 noble house of the Rouer de Villeray of France. Mr, Roy, was educated 
 at the Montreal College, where he took a full classical course, under 
 Messire Baile, completing his studies in 1838. He then began the study 
 of Law under the Hon. M. O'Sullivan, formerly Solicitor-General for 
 Lower-Canada, and afterwards Chief Justice. On Mr. O'Sullivan being 
 elevated to the Bench, Mr. Roy continued his studies under the Hon. 
 Andrew Stuart, also one of the Solicitor-Generals of the Province, and 
 completed them, some eighteen months before he became ,of age. He 
 was called to the Bar in February, 1842. After a brilliant career as a 
 Parrister and leading Attorney, he was, in 1802, appointed joint City 
 Attorney, for the City of Montreal, with the late Henry Stuart Q.C., and 
 acted in that capacity up to tlie year 1870. when lie became the sole 
 Legal Adviser of the City. In 185ti, he was unanimously elected by his 
 
I I 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 69 
 
 
 1. I 
 
 : i 
 
 f 1 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTRKAL. 
 
 brother barristers Syndic of tiie Bar of Quebec, whicli position lie held 
 for four years. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in ISfl-l he lias bt-en 
 President of the Library committee of the Bar. In 1HH7 he was electfd 
 Hatonnier of the B;)r of Quebec and Batonnior Generdof the Province 
 on first Juno 18S8. He was appointed by tlie Fabrique, in 1870, C'mrch- 
 warden of the parish of Xotre-Darao. 'I'lds is an honor conferred upon a 
 very limited and selected number of persons, Mr. Roy boin^j only the 
 second member of the Profession who has held this honorable position. 
 He is also first Vice-president of " Tlie Numismatic and Antiquarian 
 Society of Montreal " He is a liiif^uist of no mean ability, and a thorough 
 Latin and Italian scholar al" well versed in Greek lore and as famiiiir 
 with the Enplish language, as with his native Frenah. He was captain 
 of the Voltigeurs in 1849, shortly after the burning of the Parliament 
 Buildings in Montreal. During his career as a practising Barrister, he 
 has had many interesting cases, and has been entrusted with several 
 before Her Majesty's Privy Council in England, particularly the case of 
 Lachevrotiere dit Chavigny and the ( ity of Montreal. This case arose 
 out of a dispute with regard to one of tlie principal squares of the City. 
 We may also mention the litigation between tlie City and Sir Hugh Allan 
 and Lemoine, in connection with the Mount Royal Park, involving half 
 a million of dollars. His son, to-day ranks among tl e rising Civil engin- 
 eers of Canada, being Superintendent of all the public works of the 
 Province of Brit sh Columbia. 
 
 4' 
 
11IH'I'(.)KV VV MONTUKAL, 
 
 7J 
 
 '(Rotvc Bamc Street, 
 
 "Xa Grnll^c •|l^uc." 
 
 Ill c'oiiiincnciiif,' tlio Ori^'iii of llio Streets of Moiiticdl J fuel |)I(!asiii'o 
 ill placing,' bi-fori; my UeadcM's tlio testiinoiiy of ono of tlio f,'ii;iiL(!->t of 
 Canadian writers Sir. J. M. LsMoyneof Quebec^ wliosunt inetlio followinf,' 
 after liavinf^ ro ul " Tliq St ir " of tiiis eity, wliero it ixiljlislied tlie basis 
 of the cxtonded liisturies and notes wliicli are now i»iil)Iished in IJook 
 Form. Ho says •' I have ro.ul witli miicli inltn'cst your history of the 
 origin of the names of the Montreal streets, and hojio it will bo j)reser\'ed 
 in tliu more durable shape of a brochure, sueh information 1 am sure you 
 Avill find thousands of readers in Montreal and elsewluu-e." 
 
 Montreal, as we all know, from tlu> date on the beautiful Monument 
 lately erected to its fouiuler J'aisonneuve in I'laeo d'Arnies Sipiare, was 
 laid out in the year A D 1012. It was tlicn, indeed, a small and " humble 
 Town" bour.ded as it still is, by tlie grand old l?ivor St, Lawrence on t!io 
 South, thfiu extending to tlie Xortli as far as ^\•hat \\ now called I'drtifie- 
 ntion Lane near (!raigaiul running from near Nh-CJill street to the Citadel 
 (Dalhousie Square) East. Tlie sliape \\as a regular jjarallelogram and 
 accordingly tlie three jn-incipal streets were again intersected by others 
 running from the St. Lnwrence to Fortification Lane north. 
 
 These three main streets and their adjuncts will be first spolcen of 
 as tliey are the oldest one; in the City and thou the others in detail. 
 
 Let us then begin with the first street traced out in the old Town 
 of Montreal. 
 
 This street running now far beymul the i)recincts of the old Town 
 goes to the East, through Montreal and the prosj)erous suburb of the 
 Town of Maisonneuve and to the "NVost through the jiopulous Town of 
 Ste. Cunegonde. It was formerly dividotl into three jiarts., St. .losei»h 
 street Notre Dame street and Ste. Mary street. Some y(<ai's ago they all 
 merged in the more appropriate name of Notre Dame. 
 
 This street was the very first e\t>r laid oir:< in Montreal. Thirty 
 years after the location of V'ille Marie or Mariojiolis by Maisonneuve, "M. 
 Dollier do Canon tracetl out as near to the centre of the Tt>wn as 
 possible Notre Dame Street. "Il lrai,a d'aboid an C(>ntre, une grando 
 
72 
 
 IIISTOKV (>!• MOMI.'I.AI,. 
 
 rue, ct (pii pii'i'dui ait Imil la N'illi' ju iucipali>, il liii iloima Ic n umId 
 Psudf liaiiic, en I'lmiiiu'iir ilc l:t 'I'lCi S liiil i' N'it-rj,''' <l"i "\'iit' t'l.i'' cli'i'sio 
 coimuc I'at loiiMi' ill' la N'illc." 
 
 ^^ lial clmnj^i's liivi) (aKcii place and \\Iia( sc 'lies litivn biuMi riifU'li>(l 
 t-iiui' llia( j;"'"' Suljiii'Iaii, w illi lii-^ itair ol' rompa iSiM ami pi-iitracaj out 
 old Nddi- l'aiin> stii(l in (lie iiroccs verbal t)f <la((< l.'lli Miirch I(17'J. 
 i,v'l lis try to rivdi/i> ii few ol" (licm (dii (»ii(ilo};i(')ilI_\ . Of course, we 
 may say, till (lie l)e),'iiniiuj,' ol" llii'i eendiry evi>ry(liiiij,' Ix-yoiid the 
 Tow 11 i>i'oper, was Tena ineoKiiita " the only K''''i'l' iiiialtciMljIe tiling, 
 beiiur •lie old Si l.awreiice Hivor (lowinf; on the same as it liad m'er done, 
 BJnee the days of that cataeiysni, when t li i( ),'i'i''i(' lh>i>d of water (lowing 
 from not til tos(Milli (hi'onj^'h all this pleasant land, was Jinested by np- 
 hoavals and the valley of tlie St. I/iwreneo \va'< fonniul and the 
 most wonderful Hiver on the surface of tlie f,d()bo fame into oxisteiiec, 
 tliat river which got its nnine, by Canada's renowned l'^,xi)loi('r Jacques 
 Cartior. It still, dnrinp; all thcsi' years, when the country was wild 
 flowed majestiealy on, as it will do for contnries to come - but who can 
 foresee wliat wonderful events will happen to mark (lie progress of 
 advance and make tin- old Hi\er snbsirvient to the wants of man ? Tho 
 first scene which looms up in pictorial panorama of Not'o Daaio street, 
 leiids us back to f'O AmeriiMii Hevolntion of lllT) and following 
 years. 
 
 The Americans determined tlien to take Canada, and for thi^ 
 purpose tliey sent two armies toward tho North. In connection witli 
 this movement Ceneral Montgomery had detache(l Col. Kthan Allen 
 Avith 150 men from the main army to attack Montreal. On the 2ltli 
 October 1775, lie crossed tlie St. Lawrence three miles bek)W tlie City 
 at Longue Pointe. No sooiicr did Geneial Carleton know of it than ho 
 nssemblcd 80 regulars and about COO militia, I'^reiudi and lOnghsh, of tlie 
 town, and ))ut them under the command of .Major Car<lcn, wlio, early 
 next day, marched down to Longne I'ointe and enconnteied the enem\ . 
 Tlie Americans had possessed themselves of some houses and barns. An 
 engagement took place whicli lasted half an hour, w hen the colonists 
 under Allen were completidy defeated, and lie and his wliole command 
 Avero taken jirisoners of war. Aftcrwaids they were all liberated wlien 
 their main army uiuler Monlgomery took Montreal. Tlie American 
 armies were commanded rt^s|»c(rt ively by .Montgomery and Arnold as 
 their generals. They first tt)()k tiie route of Lake C'liamplain and the 
 Itidielicn Uiver, c.iptnriiig idi the fen tllied phu'es on their way, as St. 
 Johns, (yhambly and Sore'. At Soiel, Monlgomery placed heavy 
 batteries to pi event any c mmnnicatian Vietwet'ii (Jnebec and Montreal; 
 and as ^.o(Jn as he. marched to take tlu! lalfei- pl;i(!:', (lovernor (."arhiton 
 Avas obliged to cscajie to Quel.iec, which he r« acliid under tlie skilful 
 gnidaiKto of Caj)tain IJoucIielte and ]iis aide-(I(;-cainj), C!has. J)eLanar- 
 dicre." 
 
IIIS'I'OKV «il' ,M()N'H!i; \l. 
 
 7;i 
 
 n ww^i ^■wpupipp jwmw. i n i 
 
 I it f i n i<— i^i n i^^ I 
 
 ii L fi<|| | ; j i|liM»«<lp _ »»i i |^ l l i m »l , | H |l i H Wl"l 
 
71 
 
 IllSTOWV OI" MONTl.'lIAh. 
 
 Till' Aiiu'ilciiiis t()i)U ,Miin(ii'!il Mini ciiti'icil llui cily on t'lc IHlli 
 Ndvi'iiilti'i', ITT.'t. and llinliiij,' iihiuulaiicii (if lim* tliicl^ Wdollcn «l(i(li, 
 MoiiljtomiM'V clid (ill liiv! (i(ii>|i-i in (his ( !iiii.iili;m h(ii(V. 'Ilioy did not, 
 ri'iiiJiin hihj: ill llir ('it y, linl si'(. (Mil I'm' (Jiiclii'c, whicli \\ ,is r»! iclii'd on (Im 
 .Mil ilay of I )( rcnibi'i', I77,'>. An lU'l. ol' jii-i-i) iiin and piti-iolinu occiirri'd 
 at tliis timo wt'll wiirdiy of boiiijc noliiv'd Ihtc. It. \v,<s Hcci'ssjiry tn 
 ccMiinuinicMd' with tlm (u'liciwl a(. (Jiicl) n- I'rom .Mond'oil : liiil, liy Llni 
 strict, watch cii' tlio AnioriiMiis at. Surd it w a^ iMi|ii);-;iltlo now to pass 
 by llic l{i\i>i' St, liiwi'dMct'. Ill the o.xi},'ciicics of thn caso, tw d Kroiiiih 
 Can idi.nis stoppt'^l forward ami vohiMti'iMi'd for llio oHicc. 
 
 n 
 
 ■Jl 
 
 -J 
 
 
 Tlio (rue liistory of this darinp; ilced hi- Iilmmi s.Mit to nio by .M. l'.i|)i- 
 iioaii, son of tlio Lcailor of (he Hcbcllioii of 1S;{7-S. IIo thus wiilcs. " Voiy 
 " imporfant disji itches from fuuil. llowi) in Nmv Yoilx to (Joviiruor 
 *• C^irletou ill Ciunbec liavinp; re.U'.hod Muntieil, thn Suniin iry ('t)iindi(d 
 *' tliom to t ud of their most trusted pupils, Ci|)taiii Joseph lianiotlio 
 ■'comuH'teil with the Indian I)v>piirtinont and .losepli I\i|)ineau (my 
 "Grandfather). Tliey \\eiit toKctlun' alouR tho soutli side of tlio 
 "Riclielieii District, wliere nnny of tho people synipithised with tho 
 " Contitu'iitals and were in arms, and when they j^ot to Levis, crossed at 
 "niglit, (dotlied in while dominos, tiiat tliey mi;,'ht not bu seen on tho 
 " snow and ice by the American sentrios. T.ioy safely entered the City 
 "of Quebec; and delivered tho disjiatchos to tlio Ciovcrnor, and 
 " reniaiiu^d all winter ainoiiR tho Defenders of tlie Ancient Ca|)ital. 
 " 'rhey liad the dispatches in a hollow slick and looked like care worn 
 "tramjis or voyapjeurs. This account is authentic from tho lijis of my 
 " Grandfather to mo." 
 
 Uie news of tho capture of Montreal was tlio means of so 
 strengthening Qiuibec that it resulted in the death of Montgomery and 
 retreat C)f liis army. Followed by tho lUitisli Army, tlicy abandoned 
 Sorel, Cliambly, St Johns and of courso Montreal. 
 
 Very little authentic history tells us anything about the eastern 
 jiart of tlie Island of Montreal until the beginning of this century and 
 even till it had advanced into the decades. At tht; dosing years of tho 
 eigliicfiuth century, an Eiiglishm.in John Molson by name, arrived in this 
 country and soon slio\vt;d his a|)litudo for business by erecting a largo 
 building on tlio nf)rtli bank, f)f the river near the centre of Ste Mary's 
 l{aj)ids. Not long aflcr tills a large foundry was established aliout the 
 conimeiiceinent of this century and this place should be well reniei ibered 
 by all Caiuulians as it w as a relcbrated sjiot in steam navigation. I^ot 
 us now tal<(! our second view in the ))aiioraiiia of Notie name Street and 
 from my " History of Montreal" published a few years ago. 
 
IIISTOIIY OK MONTUKAL. 
 
 THEFIR3TSTEAMB0\TSOFTHE ST. LAWRENCE. 
 
 From tlie dayM wIumi .)iici|iion (>Arti»r flrnt siiilod on tlie vvntnrH of 
 the St. Lriwnnice rivm' to thit hi'^iiniitiK of tliin niii«)ttH)iitli century, tlint 
 is for over ;'.')() ynaiN, all tnivnl hi'twtiim ({(utboc and Mouti-ual liiid 
 ultliof been by a tttiliitiis Joiu'iicy iiloiiK tiio north or -toiitli of the rhwr 
 and occupying ininy wn.iry and drmiry days, «)r by tht> almost equally 
 wuary an<l drtmry mode of battuaiix, Hailing partly and partly paddlinKr 
 l)ut mostly pulliul ali»nf< tli» banks. 
 
 Tills waturw.iN whm tlrit l)y which many oxpedltions during; tho 
 rt'urimH of " La IU'IId l-'raiifu" went either to victory or Mometimes 
 annihilation from tho hands of tlie HAva^e Indians, thuir powerful 
 enemies, who then swarmuirthrouKliout the country. 
 
 [t also was tho route by whicii. aftor " th'J (!us<ion." Mi'itish troop* 
 and oxpuditions wimm sent from the •' Ancient Capital " to various 
 points and places throughout the uuutinont, and jirevious to rail- 
 ways. 
 
 It was by this route, tho bosom of the St. Lawrence, that the 
 chivalrous Jacques Cartior came, when he discovered IIocholaKa. 
 
 In was by this route tiiat iho >?reat explorer Chiimplain came 
 when he jfavo its name to Lachine (the way to C-liina ), and passed on 
 and pushed westward even to the (JeorKian M ly of Liku Huron. 
 
 On its bosom sailed the expedition under General Murray, which 
 resulted in the capitulation of Montreal in ITllO. 
 
 My the other route /. <., by land, the army of Montj^omery passed on 
 to besiege tiuebuc, and to meet there with defeat, and the General with 
 his death. 
 
 Hardships innumerable pi-esented themselves in the land journey, 
 whilst dangers by day an I by ni^lit continually stared the hardy 
 voyageurs in the face when they nnide their journeys from Quebec to 
 Montreal. This was always the more difVicult of the two journeys— the 
 heavy and swift flowing currents of the St. Lawrence made progress 
 much slower and laborious, and with all the detoiu-s they had to make 
 rendered the up voyage mucli more fatiguing and dangerous than tliat 
 between Montreal and Quebec. Here in the down voyage the hardy 
 voyageur had the help of the swift-flowing current to carry his batteau 
 along 
 
 No wonder then that wlieii. in the year 18(tS, Joiix Molsox declared 
 that he would navigate the St. Lawrence between these two cities in a 
 vessel propelled by steam, and in one-tenth of the time occupied hereto- 
 fore by either route, and against all wind and tide, he had all tho city 
 increduloi Montreal laughed at him, anil declared it could never be 
 done. Montreal said it was impossible. All the city unanimously 
 declared it was the idea of an enthusiast, and utterly impracticable, 
 
70 
 
 IIINTOUV OV MONTHKAK 
 
 NuvfrtheloHN thore vvvru hoiqo who Imil litMinl tliH iihwm tlint Niirh a 
 tliitix /mil beHii (tnn« at Ni«\v York. I lit>r() Ki'i.roN limi muIIimI lih littlo 
 ■teainor HiircesHfiilly without sail or oar, on lh«) llivor lliiit<4on, not long 
 bcforn. 
 
 John Moi.hon thoufflit what could bo done in Now York and on 
 the lludHon could nUo he tlone in Montreal and on tin* St. LawriMice. After 
 patiently working; and coinplftin^ all the parls of his MmIk craft, this 
 unterprisinK- energetic and public 'spirited merchant, on the AvA day oi' 
 Novendu-r, IHOU, ^ot tlie Hteani up in hlH *• A«'('u.mm(>i>ath»n," as the 
 vesHel wan called, and ididdst the .i</./.aH and the cliuurH (d' almost tlie 
 whole lidi.d)itants, who had crowded every vant.iKe of ground lor the 
 occasion, the little craft shot into tlie ciureut at St, Mary, and after a 
 voyage of fid i o«ir«, Md cd' which she was at anchor, safely arrived at 
 Quebec. Here the whole city, as in Montreal, crowded to the beach to 
 Ikehold tins wondrous and nautical pht>nomen<>n. To them, as the 
 pretty little " Accomnuxlation " j,'iacefully came sdliuK i" ^^^ iheir 
 harlxir. appenred the beautifid line of the poet, "Sim walks the water 
 like a thiuK of life." in all its truth and perfecti(ui. 
 
 Nothinwr perhaps will p:ivo a better idea of tlm exnitoment of tlie 
 city and the description oi' tlie v»issel tlian the followiiiK extract from 
 the(^ucl)ec Mirotnj which thus chroidcles tlie arrival of the " Accommo- 
 dation " in tliat city. It sayK :" On Saturday morninj^ at nii^ht o'clock, 
 arrived here from Montreal, l)einK hertlrst trip, the steamboat 'Accom- 
 modation' with ten passen>?ers. This is the llrst vesstd of the kind 
 tliat ever appeared in this harbor. She is continually crow. led witn 
 visitants. She left M(»ntreal on Wednesday at two o'clock ho that her 
 passage was iW hours, 30 of which she was at anchor. She arrived at 
 Three Rivers in '24 hours. She has, at present, berths for 20 passengers, 
 which nextyeiir, will be considerably augmented. No WIND ok tii)!'; c.vv 
 STOP HKli ! She has 75 feet keel and H5 feet on deck. Tlie price for a 
 passage up is $1) and $8 down, the vessel sujtplying provisions. The 
 great advantage attending avessel so constructed is, that a passage may 
 be calculated on to a degree of certainty in point of time, which cannot 
 be tlie case with any vessel propelled by sail only. The steamboat 
 receives her impulse from an open, doublcspoked, perpendicular wheel, 
 on each s.de, without any circular band or rim. To the end of each 
 double spoke is fixed a square board, which enters the water, and by 
 tlie rotary motion of the wheels acts like a paddle. The wheels are 
 kept in motion by steam operating within the ves.sel. A mast is to l)e 
 fixed in her, for thepurpose (d" using a sail when the wind is favorable, 
 which will occasionally accelerate her headway." 
 
 This first experiment in the steam navigation of the St. Lawrence 
 
 by Mr. Molson having been found perfectly feasible, and from the very 
 
 beginning both successful and profitable as regards imssengers and 
 
 freight he determined to extend his work, making it a national 
 
IIISTOUY OP MONTUKaL 
 
 w 
 
 iiiuliM'takiiiK) >iii*l ncTordii'p'ly tli«r« npittmrHil in tho Mnntrenl (laztttt of 
 <iHt<) Nov. 2(lt|i, IHlil, HI) luivurtiHi'iiiuiit IViiiii thnt Kt^iitlunmii, to tliiH 
 effev : - 
 
 *' Ciiblic Moticti \h liHruby ^ivun, that John MoIhoii, of the city of 
 Montruai, will iipply ^'*> tint I<t<Ki^liitiir» of tliu Province, liiirinK itn next 
 NttHNioii, for a liiw Kivin^ liini tliu oxr-iusivH ri^lit. and privlle^t' of con- 
 HtrnctiiiK and navi^atinK a Nluaniboat or NtcatnljoatH, orofcauHinKa 
 Htuanilioat or HtcanilxiatH to be conNtrncted and naviKated within the 
 limits of tliiH I'rovinue, for tlie Hpace of Hfteen yearn, to be computed 
 from tlio Ist of May next." 
 
 It may l)u Hup|ioHt!d that liin Dili was NUcceNNfnIly pnHHod by the 
 LcKi^hitniu, i\h wu llnd him in IHI'J Ixisy building anoliiur vcHHel, but of 
 far larger denutnsionN, It wan no ieHH than WW feet keel and ..'I feet 
 beam. On the tth day of May. IKl!}, nlie made her first trip, and after- 
 wards, and during; that season especially, did sjtlendid service in 
 conveying troops and umnitionH of war from Quebec to Montreal and 
 other pointH of vantage ground for (jreat Mritain and Canada during 
 the war between those countries and the United States. 
 
 Nino montiis before her first trip, on a bright Thursday afternoon, 
 the sun shining clearly down on Mariopolis and St. Helen's Isle, iiOO of 
 the best families of Mt)ntreal assembled together to witness the launch- 
 ing ( fthis wonderful vessel. It had been binit at Logan's sjiip yard 
 Ste. Mary's Ciu-rent. Such an uncommon occurrence l)rongiit together 
 one of the most representative assemblies that ever in those days met. 
 His Excellency the Governoi General, His Lady and suite were all 
 present, and occupied scats on the platform ; close to the vessel, mer- 
 chants and ministers, priests and laymen, the wealth and beauty of 
 Montreal were all there, for the beauty of our grandmothers and great- 
 grandmothers at the commencement of this century could com))are 
 favorably with that of their grandchildren at its close. And now 
 arrives tlie sublime moment, tliat eventful time, when Her Excellency 
 breaks the traditional bottle of wine across the bow of the vessel, and 
 baptizes her by the name of " Swikt-Si're"; at the same moment her 
 stays are cut away, and amidst the thunders of the salute of lU guns, 
 amidst the hu/zas and clieers and tlie waving of hats and handkerchiefs 
 of the privileged spectators and of the thousands of citizens who congre- 
 gated every inch ut grtMuid, wliere one could see, on Ste. Helen's Island, 
 Isle Ronde, Longueuil sliore and tiia Gale Kami seabeach, the " Swift- 
 Sure " slid gracefully from her moorings on, into the waters of the 
 mighty St. Lawrence, her future home. 
 
 And well slie bore her name Swift and SrRR, during these perilous 
 times for Canada, Slie bore her military burdens wherever and 
 whenever the oeayion required, and by these trips greatly conduced to 
 the utter failure of American usurpation of Canadian soil in 1812 and 
 1813. 
 
78 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 N0T1;K dame Sl'UKET, 
 
HISTORY OF iMONTREAL 
 
 79 
 
 Tl)o tliird view is an interestsiij? one and sliows the v icissitudes of war 
 As the first shows the American soldier strutting alon;;; Notre Dame 
 street in all the prido and panoply of conciiiest after Montfforae'T had 
 captured Montreal, sotVis view reverses the picture and we behold him 
 led alon>; that saino old street, a sorry j)risoner of war and all througli 
 the energy and j)lr. .k of our own Militia. 
 
 Let me (pu)te the following account from tlie Montreal Herald of 
 Tuesday, September I Jtli, 1M12 of the entry of the American General 
 Hull and his army as i)risoners of war into Montreal. It says: 
 
 ' Montioal, September 10th : Last Sunday evening, the inliabitants 
 of tills city were gratified with an exhibition equally novel and interest- 
 ing. 
 
 "That (Jeneral Hull siiould have entered our city so soon at the 
 head of his trooyjs, rather exceded our expectations. We were, however, 
 Juippy to see him, and received him with all the honors due to his 
 riiiik and imjjortance as a i)ublic cliaraeter. The following particulars 
 relative to his journey and reception at Montreal may not be uninter- 
 esting to our readers, 
 
 " General Hull and suite, aceorapanied by about 25 officers and 350 
 soldiers, left Kingston under an escort of 130 men, commanded by .Major 
 Heathcote of tlie Newfoundland regiment. At Cornwall tlie escort was 
 met by Captain (Jray of the (^uarter-M aster General's Department, who 
 took charge of the prisoners of war, and from tlience proceeded with 
 them to Lacliine, where they arrived about two o'clock on Sunday after- 
 noon. At Lachine, Captains Richardson and Ogilvie with their com- 
 panies of Montreal Militia and a company of the King's, commanded by 
 Captain Blackmore, formed the escort till they were met by Col. Auldjo 
 Avith tlie remainder of the flank companies of the .Niilitia, upon whicli 
 Captain Rlaekmore's coini)any fell out and presented arms as the General 
 passeti with the others, and then returned to Lachine, leaving tl* 
 })risoners of war to be guarded by the Montreal Militia alone. Tlie line 
 of march then proceeded to the town in the following o der, viz : 
 
 " 1st. Band of tl)e King.s Regiment. 
 
 "2nd. The 1st division ot the escort. 
 
 " ord. General Hull in a carriage, accompanied by Captain Gray; 
 Captain Hull and Major Shakelton followed in a second carriage, and 
 some »voiM<ded officers occupied four other carriages. 
 
 " 4th. The American officers. 
 
 " ."jth. The non-commissioned officers and men. 
 
 " 6th. The second division of tlie escort. 
 
 " It unfortunately proved rather late in the evening for the vast 
 concourse ol spectators assembled to experience the gratification they so 
 anxiousiy looked for. This iuconveuieuce was, however, in a great 
 
80 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 measure remedied l)y tho illumimitiua ul' the streets throuKli whicli the 
 Hue of march passed. When they arrived at the (Jovurnor's house the 
 General was conducted in and presented to His Kxelioncy Sir GeorKe 
 Prevost. He was received with tho gro.itest politeness, and invited to 
 take up his residence there durinj,' iiis stay in Montreal. The officers 
 were quartered in Holmes' Hotel, and the soldiers were marclied to the 
 Quebec Gate JJarracks. The General appears to be about sixty years of 
 a)?e, and beai^s his misfortune wit'i a degree of resignation that but few 
 men in similar circumstances are fitted with." 
 
 Some days after, tlie prisoners started for Quebec under a guard of 
 Militia, commanded by Nhijor Shakelton. (ioneral Hull had in tlie 
 meantime been exj'nanged at Montreal for thirty Hritish prisoners taken 
 in the hands of the Americans, and all the United States Militia takeu 
 prisoners at Detroit, were sent home. 
 
 The last great historical picture as regards this street is from the 
 pen of John Frazer taken from his interesting volume. — " Pen and Ink 
 Sketches." 
 
 Snn^a^, tbe 4tb of IRovember, 1838. 
 
 , I 
 
 The present generation will appreciate this sketch of the opening 
 day of the second rebellion of Lower Canada by one who was an eye- 
 witness. The rebellion of 1837 had closed and the winter of 1838 passed 
 over quietly so far as Lower Canada was concerned, 
 
 " Springtime came, summer passed, a bountifid harvest crowned the 
 year, and the blasts of November had again made fields and forests bare. 
 Low, murmuring sounds of discontent were then heard, over the whole 
 length and breadth of the land, something like a smouldering volcano, 
 ready to burst forth at any moment. 
 
 On Sunday morning, the 4th of November. 1838, the standard of 
 rebellion was again raised in Lower Canada. The whole south side of 
 the St. Lawrence waa once more in open rebellion. The principal camps 
 were at Beauharnois and Chateauguay. 
 
 The tirst actual outbreak of this second rebellion occurred at Beau- 
 harnois on Saturday afternoon, the 8rd. The patriots, seized the mail 
 steamer ' Henry Brougliam,' while on her way down from the Cascade 
 to Lacliine. The passengers were detained as prisoners, among whom 
 were Sheriff Mclntyre. of Cornwall, and Duncan McDonald, of 
 Montreal. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 SI 
 
 In the early iiiorniiiK of Siuulay, the Itli, thf |)atri<)ts of Cliateau- 
 Kiiay marched in force on CauKhnavvaKa to disarm the [ndiaiis. The 
 Indians were then attending early mass in a small ("hapcl luilF a mile 
 behind their village. Tlie Chapel was surronnded by the patriots. They 
 said tliey came as friends. Tlie Indians i>.\yrossed snrprise that friends 
 should come armed, and asked them to pile their arms ))reparatory to a 
 friendly talk. Tiie patriots piled tlieir arms -they were immediately 
 taken jjossession of by the Imlians. Sixty-four of tlie patriots were 
 made prisoners; eleven more were secured during the diy, making iu 
 all seventytive prisoners. The rest of them escaped throngli the woods) 
 to their camp at Chateauguay. 
 
 The arrival of tlie jirisoners at Lichine was th'! first intimifion 
 there of the outbreak of the second Reljelliini. Tlie Indians of (augli- 
 nawaga cros.sed the river with tlie tirst lot ot sixty-four prisoners and 
 handed them near the Windmill, dose by the old French Parish Clituch, 
 just at the foot of the cross and leading through Cote St. Paul, i'his was 
 about ten o'clock. The people of Lower Lachine were then on tiieir wa}' 
 to attend morning service at the different churches. Fancy their 
 surprise I It did not take long to muster Captain Pegley's Company of 
 Foot and twenty of the Cavalry, wlio took the prisoners in cluvrge. 
 
 The line of march was soon fornied. Instead of taking the high 
 road to Montreal by the way of Cote St, Pierre — the lJp))er Lachine road 
 — the march was taken by the cross road tlirougli Cote St. Paul. It was 
 a bard tramj) of three hours; it had been raining most of the previous 
 week ; the mud was ankle deep. The men would not hear cf any 
 conveyances being i)rovided ; the prisoners must walk it— they said ; 
 the men also walked. The march of this escort and their prisoners 
 through Cote St. Paul and the Tanneries caused great excitement. 
 
 By the time it reached the Tanneries fully one hundred stragglers 
 had .ioined, but not exactly comjirohendingAvhat it leallv was, as perfect 
 silence was nuiintainetl in the ranks. 
 
 News of the incoming prisoners, with their escort, had early reached 
 town. Their numbers were swelletl by hundreds of stragglers on their 
 onward course. There were no telegrajilis in those early days to transmit 
 the news, and the report had readied Montreal tinitthe Lacliine Hrigade 
 was marching in, in full force, having tlie whole rebel camp of Chateau- 
 guay as prisoners; such was tlie actual report that reached the city that 
 Sunday morning, the Itli November, 183S. 
 
 The reader of this day nuiy i)icture to himself the ex.;itement, hurry 
 and bustle on the stieets of old Montreal caused by th's re))ort. 
 
 Far out in the outskirts of the city, towards the Tanneries, the escort 
 was met by thousands of the citizens. The sight that met their astonish- 
 ed gaze was strange and new to them. Here was a large body of men 
 advancing, having been largely supplemented by stragglers. Ten of the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAT>. 
 
 Liu'liine Troop ro le in front »n(l ten in tlu> rear, ami on both sides were 
 tiiirty inmi of tli • Lower iiJieliine Coinpuny of Foot, liavinj!: the .sixty- 
 four i)ri^onerH in the centre. Tlie stragglers who hud joined wcro totally 
 ignorant of the wiiolt' alTair, except the fact of seeing the prisoners and 
 tht'ir escort. The wiilm- was one of tlie escort. There have been, time and 
 ag.tin, many programiiH><l i)roceHsions in our wtreets. but never before 
 uor since tliat ilny has so remarkable a procession passed along the streets 
 of Montreal. In front and in rear, as steady as regulars, rode the ^'onng: 
 bo^'s of the Lacliine Troop with their bearskin helmets and <lrawn 
 swords, and the Foot Com))aMy on both sides with fixed itayonets, guard- 
 ing and protecting the |)risoners from the surrounding, excited citizens. 
 They moved along steadily ami in perfect silence. 
 
 Come, young Canadian reader, and take your stand witli us on the 
 front steps of the old Fi\^nch Parish Church in Place d'Armes .Square. Let 
 the time to be abcnit three o'clock in the afternoon of Suiulay, the 4tli 
 of November, lS;jS;and in retrospect, let us cast our eyes up Notre 
 Dame street ; an immense crowd, readjing back to McGill street, having 
 no flags waving nor drums beating to announce their approach, is slowly, 
 solemidy advancing in funeral-like procession ! N\ hat is it, and wlio are 
 they? It is the escort from Lacliine with their sixty-four j)risoner9 
 wending their way down to the tlien new goal, with tliousands of the 
 citizens lining the streets and following in the rear. 
 
 It was a sail day and truly ' a fuiicral-likc proc -sion ' for tlie poor 
 prisoners, all young men, in the })rimc of life and manhood. They liad 
 marciied out from their Cram)) at Chateanguay in the early dawn of the 
 Sunday morning, in high liopes and full of life and vigor. They were 
 now in the afternoon on their way to be enclosed \\ ithin prison walls I 
 The writer remembers well the imploring and anxious loot s of those 
 poor young boys! and although fifty years have passed away lie can 
 hardly now restrain the ' welling tears,' as that ))icture risns vividly 
 before him. A few of them were afterwards liberated : others of them 
 suffered the extreme penalty of the law for tlie crime of higli treason I 
 and otliers were transported. 
 
 On our arrival at the new gaol, and during our short stay there, 
 cabs and caleches were arriving filled with prisoners to be locked up, 
 liaving some notable men among them. The sun had gone down, and 
 that never-to-be forgt)tten Sunday night closed in darkness over the 
 nnlighted streets of old Montreal. The Lacbine escort, after handing 
 over their prisoners to the gaol guard, reformed for their rendezvous 
 at Grant's Hotel, on St. Henry street, the Montreal headquarters of tlie 
 Lacliine Brigade, to partake of refreshment« preparatory to tiieir return 
 inarch home. 
 
 The escort, after leaving the gaol, had over ten miles to reach home • 
 ^ ani was then pouring down in tovrents. 
 
HISTOUY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 83 
 
 The triiinj) up old St Miiiv ami N'oti.! Dainc streets was a tiresome 
 one of two miles over tiiudily roads to (Jrant's Hotel. The streets were 
 crowded with armed men. (iuards and j)ickets were being posted at 
 every exposoJ part of the city, and cannon placed at every avenue or 
 road leading? into tlie country and facing: tiie river. 
 
 After leaving tir.int's Hotel, our return march was u)) St Maiu'ice 
 Htref)t:we had in ciiarge a lar{,'e ciuantity of ammunition and other 
 supplies which wo found \\ aiting us at Grant's to be conveyed to Lachine. 
 The eity j^ate at Dow's brewery closed behind us with a death-like 
 sound, allowing us to grope our way as best we could through the 
 thick darkness ahead. 
 
 There were no macadamized ro<ids in those ea.'ly days; it was mud 
 everywhere. H!id thick darkness all around! Worse still, a concealed 
 enemy might be met with at any moment. 
 
 At nearly every mile a cavalryman daslied past, hailing us, with 
 despatches to or from Montreal ; it was an exciting march Tired, wet 
 and hungry, the escort reached its headquarters, Lailamme's Hotel, 
 Lachine, by 10 o'clock that night. 
 
 Fifty years liave passed away, and from the seed sown broadcast 
 over the land during tliat Rebellion, tliere arose high and above the 
 ruins of the patriots' visionary republic, the (illAM) sthicti kk or 
 FOUNDATION of CANADA'S PRKSKNT RksI'ONSIIU.K GoVKRNMKNT, entombing 
 or casting to the winds all family comjjacts or other obstructions, and 
 securing to Canadians their rights as free-born Britisli subjects ; and in 
 truth it must be said, that Canadian liberty had not its birthriglit 
 under the sunshine or the smil« of heaven, but was nursed and cradled 
 amid the rage and the strife of fratricidal foes. 
 
 The time will come when the memorus of Canada's rebel dead of 
 1S;J7 and IS.SS vvill be revered and held sacied in every Britisli colony, 
 distant or near, as the fathers of Colonial Responsible Covernment, 
 under which every British colony is now governed. 
 
 And on the pages of Canadian History — yet to be written — the 
 rebel dead of Canada of IH37 and l^^ys will be classed in comparison and 
 held up side by side with tlie great Bnrons of England who, on Runny- 
 mede, demanded and obtained from King John the great Charter of 
 English Liberty." 
 
 T/ie sequel to this jiicture follows, when less than two months after- 
 wards, the first two of tlie twelve judicial murders took place, above the 
 entrance gate of the present jail and not as a writer lately declared, at 
 the Old Jail, which stood between tlie present City Hall and Court 
 House . 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY (W MONTHKAI- 
 
 The reader imist rt'inmuber that the wall and ^'atn of tlus jiil as it 
 now Htiinds arc of modern Htiicturo. Tins old wall came out several 
 yards into what i>i now the joining? ol" Crai^ and Notre Dame strecl.s, 
 and th<ius;uuls aimunlly jiass over the very spnt wiiero these twelve 
 Patriots died lor tlicii' country a-id with their latest breath pronounced 
 these sold inspiring' words "Vive la Liborti'" 
 
 The following lines, if not poetic, show full pa' riotism and it m ly 
 be added that tlic conditions of the day, as retrards its appeirance on 
 that sid morning of December and all the incidents of the execution are 
 (pute authentic. 
 
 lines on tbc 3ubilcc, ot IS37««8 
 
 Hark ! a slow fiuicreal dirij^c, sni^jjestive of tlicir fate, 
 
 Is heard thin early morninjj, cij,'liteen huinlred, thirty eijjht, 
 
 For before the Sun has mounted far up the eastern sky, 
 
 Two citizens, true Patriots, are doonu^d this day to die, 
 
 " Dulcc pro patria mori " -yes, for ilicir iiativc land. 
 
 They liave the honor lirst, of that twelve Saircil Hand, 
 
 Who cheerfully laid down their lives, that wc m »y now enjoy. 
 
 Their fruits of i)atrioti.sn:-none to fcai-, none ne'er to annoy. 
 
 To them and their <'onip itriot-, we owe onr j)re>ii>.'e now, 
 
 Those rights of manliood we possess, we reap what tliey did so\v, 
 
 Should not ev'ry eye then shed a tear thouLjh fifty yeirs have flown, 
 
 When their heroic sacrilice and death wo tiiink upon '.^ 
 
 Hark! slowly booms their deith knell, but even the very stni 
 
 Forgets to shine this morning, on the f ul deed to lie ilone; 
 
 Masses, thick, black, sepulchral, of clouds, are in the sky, 
 
 As if Nature wept upon them in mystic sympathy. 
 
 But now the hour approaches, to end tlie life of two. 
 
 The first of these twelve Patriots whose souls were tirm ami true, 
 
 WLo suffered Death ail calmly, and tljeir principles maintained, 
 
 Whose latest breath spoke liberty and liberty was gained, 
 
 A Beacon to posterity, who for their country's sake 
 
 Stepped lightly unto martyrdom and by whose death did wake 
 
 Eternal principles, then found to set their country free 
 
 Whose dying words, the last on Earth, were " Vive la Liberte," 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 8k 
 
 w 
 
66 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTRKAL. 
 
 And thiH was at the Noel tiiuo, that Reason of Clirist'H Hirth, 
 NVIioii IViK't', K"•>•^^vill Hliouid How to man, from U«'«v<!u above to Kaith, 
 Oil! who could llii'(»e days al'teiuiird^, tlins chdiit the AoKel's lay 
 W hen siuli u martyrdom had been, iijjon St. TliomaH I)ay ! 
 Who conld take np Noel's Carol chanting or Hinginji,' tlien, 
 " (ilory to (lod hi lliKhe.st, on Eartli. Peace touanls men I 
 Oil neary sad and sorrowful, must have been that Noel morn 
 To those reiuahiiiiK CaptiveH, who liad sei^n their comrades torn 
 From their embrace, and led unjust, to shame and ignoniy, 
 A (iailows only to adorn — a felon's death to die; 
 Oh had they • . a soldier's death, like Chcnicr. in the Meld 
 For Lilierty tlieir Life to give — tlieir licart's blood there to yield, 
 But to be hanged e'en like a dog upon the gallows tree, 
 For all the World to look upon, for all the NV'orld to see, 
 Yes that was shame, and yet they went with boldness and with grace 
 I'osliow a good example, and meet death face to face; 
 Young, though both were--a IJoy one — in years they'll ne'er grow old 
 Their actions siiall remain that morn, the boldest of the bold ; 
 They lightly stood upon the drop, and w hen that drop did fall, 
 P'or Liberty, the^s gave their Lives— their Ihnnu -their Hojies -their A 1. 
 
 J. D. B. 
 
 Now let us turn to the Old Court House and .Tail which stood 
 where the jiresent ( (nirt House stands in the space between it and the 
 City Hall. 
 
 What awful siglits have been witnessed here. Let me give one of 
 the ])ast century and a few more in this present century to show that 
 mighty i)rogress has been made not only in the extension of Montreal's 
 Ijuildings but in the administration of her Laws. What a tri'mendous 
 '* hue and cry" would be raised (the present •' Society for the protection 
 of \V\)men and Children," being in the van), if such a sentence was now 
 recorded by either the Police .Magistrate or the Recorder, against any of 
 the many females that appear before them and for the self same olTence 
 as the one recorded of. We may truly be tliankful that we live in the end 
 not the beginning of this lOth century — and yet they were tlien good 
 godly men (both French and English) these Magistrates who ordered such 
 barbarous i)unishnients. \n my experience 1 have seen for instance, a 
 prisoner lashed in tlie .jail, but -1 lashes were the whole number 
 given. 
 
 In those early days that number was freciuently administred to a 
 woman for "Petty Larceny " and soldiers received from 100 to 500 and 
 sometimes 1000 la.shes for a breach of military discipline. It is remarkable 
 
HIHTOUY OF MONTRKAL. 
 
 17 
 
 tliat in thoMe old recordH the number 35) niOHt frt'cpieMtly orcurH. I linn 
 Kood old Montrt!itl .liislireH eviduiilly hud in tlieir iniiid, whun K>vii)v; 
 mntence, tlin story of St. Paid wIhto lie writoH "(H' tlio .I»)\\h rrccivi'd I 
 thrice, forty stript's Huve (tne." In one or two instances these Kood old 
 Kentlemen fornot the* Mihie iiiid tlie sentence was 111 stripes. If a prisoner 
 uow-a-dayH received tlic half of this amount, he thinks himself murdered • 
 strange as it may s»!eiu tiierc arc j^oody men and women \\lii» feel 
 compassion for him thouj,'li ids crime deserved iOH. 
 
 Tlie first instance of " felony" is adjudicated on in the May meeting? 
 of the Court, 17(5.') It was a case of a man and his wife, witli a nefjro^ 
 Htealinif dilTcrent articles. It is thus recorded: '•Sentence of William 
 and Elinor iManh, .nil (Jcoi^h the Na^re." "They are to ^(o i)ack to 
 tlie place of their conlinemcnt, the said William March to be stript to 
 the waist, and Elinor March to have her back only stript, and the said 
 tieorge, tlie Naj^re, and each tyed to the cart tail, and bcjifinniiijjf at the 
 gaol or prison, between I he hours iif eight and iiiiit? o'clock in tim forenoon 
 on Friday next, they are to proceed .iloiig round by the Inti'iidaiits and 
 tiien to the Market Place. ;ind round by Saint Francis street and through 
 the Parade to place begun at, diu'ing which round they are to receive v';*) 
 stripes each on the naked back, besiiles 25 stripes each on the naked 
 back, when at the Market plact>." This is the first instance of a man 
 and woman being Hogged. I'ili/.abeth I'ptoii is also condemned by the 
 same Court for felony: "That she go back to the prison and there 
 receive 25 stripes and then be di.scliarged." 
 
 On the opening of the Ctiurt, Jidy -.'v'nd, 17(i5, the namesof tlie .Justices 
 are .fn. Dumas, Haniel Robertson and Isaac Todd. It seems that our 
 friend *'the Nagre " either didn't think much of his 51) lashes received 
 three months previously — or that the cuticle of his back like his skull 
 was so thick as to defy " the cat." We find him at this Court again a 
 prisoner for stealing "two pieces of silk ribbon." Knowing there was 
 no use of prevarication, as a witness swore dead against him, he acknow- 
 ledged his crime and pleaded guilty. This is the sentence which he 
 received : " Tliat the said George, between the hours of and 10 o'clock 
 on the forenoon of Tuesday the 2'2nd August, be stript naked to the 
 waist, and ti^'d at a (-art tail at the gaol, and then to receive I'l siriijes. 
 and at Mr. Dechambaux's corner 10 .«trij)es. and the Ft. Street this side 
 the General's 10 strijies. and at Mr Landruve's corner 10 stripes, and 
 proceed to the Court corner and then rfceive 10 strijies, and on the 
 Parade 10 stripes." Let us sum uj) this sentence; Six times in his march 
 he had to stop and receive each time 10 stripes on liis naked back with 
 the cat of nine tails. 
 
 In the Court, .lanuary, 1784, the sheriff reminded it that all persons 
 sentenced to be " burned in the hand in the Court of King's Bench may 
 receive their punishment in this Court agreeaMe to sentence." Let us 
 
UlSTonV OV MONTHKAL 
 
 (losrribc wli it hiiriiititr in tliM liiiiul whm. TIjIh is tim lltwt itiHtiinco of ita 
 ItniiiK montioiudl lis a iMiniHliinittit on iiiidcriict.ors. It is dl'toii spokt'ii of 
 (lui'iiiK tli)« tii'st 2'i yciii's (if tins (■<Mitiii'y. Tli** |tiiiiis|iru*)iit, ('oiHist.Dil tJitH: 
 Tlio pi-isoiit'i' WHS bi-oii^iit ft'orn tlin K'iol into the court i-ooiii, ami riiiidu 
 ilnii l)y nil ii'iiii IkiikI at tliD Imck of tlii> (lock, tlx^ piliii part of liis own 
 liHiiil lioiiiK opriu'il tiKlitly, i ho rcil hul, iron, soiiiotiint's muliii),' cithfr in 
 a crow II or soiii-i othiH' ilmico, w.is held rcidy liy tin* coimintii iiiiiK'niiti. 
 and tile piiiiishm«Mit was inllictHd in tlic <'HntrH of tho pilin Tim 
 instrnintwit licin^ roaily. tho prisoner is inl'onncd that tho inomcnt it 
 tonciics liis llc^h lie can repeat as last as he cm these W(wds in I'lench. 
 '• X'ive lo Roi, ' throo ti nes, and at tlu) end ol' the third repetition, the 
 punishment would cease, or the words " (Jod save tin? Kinu:." it' ho were 
 an KiiK'lisii prisoner. Kvoii in this short ti'iie, the hot iron has hissoil into 
 the llesh, and made such a mark that all the waters ol' the St. Lawrence 
 could not olTace it. In the recorils of the Court (if Kind's Heiich for this 
 year, we llnd some terrible instanues of the piiniHhments then meted out. 
 In the March term, eiKliI »»on for ),''''ii>*l larceny were sentenced to be 
 iiiiprisoned and •• burned in the hand." 
 
 Ill the .Jamiaiy Sessions of I T'lU the lirst example of any one bein// 
 put in the i)illory is recorded. IJeauvais i-< coiulemiied "to stand tlujre 
 from nine to eleven o'clock." ami it adds, •' for three market days." TIiIh 
 sentence seems small enough on paper, but terrible in fact even for one 
 day tmly. Let me explain what these piiiii^hiiH'iits t/w Murks (tn<i lln 
 piHoii/ — n\eii\\. ^^ e read of the Ajjostles St. I'anl anil St. Silas in the Raol 
 of Pliilippi liavinK their feet " made fast in the stocks." Also Ivin^j 
 David says of .losc))h, " whose feet they hurt in the stocks." It consisted of 
 a iiiacliiiie of two jiicces of timber with cut out half circular lioles in each 
 board, which when brou^'lit to staml one upon another narrow-wise 
 formed two complete lioles, into u hicli the ankles of the jirisoners were 
 placed, the two ))ieces being llrmly locked tt)K«tliur. The pillory was a 
 senseless and useless punishment. It consisted of a frame of wood creeled 
 on posts witii movable boards and holes, through which holes tiiey jmt 
 the head and hands of tlie criminal for punishinent, the machine turning 
 on a pivot and in a circle, it was inflicted near the market place of the 
 old city on the prison ground and nvar the old (liiard House, and in later 
 times at Nelson's Monument, the culprit facing the river and Honsecours 
 Market. The common hangman attended and with whip in liand, when 
 the Avretch wlieeled around to face tlie Monument and save himself 
 from tlio shower perlia))s of rotten eggs or soft mud. used it unsparingly 
 and made the culprit turn round again on the moval)le jiivot of the 
 pillory. 
 
 Let me present to my lieaders a few of the terrible sentences 
 pronounced on delinquents in Montreal at the old Court House and Jail 
 80 years ago. There are many very old citizens who lived during these 
 
HISTOUY OF MONTUKAL 
 
 tiiiiKH, for tlit<,v (lid not cuimH till tliiit ptu-ioil, wliuii (lonstitiitioiiiil niid 
 Ht>spiiiHil)li« (iovt'i'iiitioiit WHH procured by thu uvoiitH of 1X37-H — They 
 Kritd<iiilly ditcrciiscil in iiiiiiilit<r and tlm aniinxHil tal)lu compiled by ine 
 Ht Ki "'lit Udiihli' mid rcstarcli uIIIhIiow tlm viiit dilTi'i-ence between the 
 llrst hull" iinil the lust linU' ul I his nineteenth century. Wo have not had 
 a public execution in Montreal, t'orover II yearn -and only live diiritiK 
 tlu' whole period of I he Author's ( liaplaincy of 32 years ho that the tables 
 will show a wonderliil amount of ad\ aiiceMient and pi-o^ress in the Civil, 
 ;iud ( riniiual Adnnnistratlon of Justice and in the opinion of the Jurieu 
 who have sat on dilTereiit indiviilnals, arraigned for murder and uian- 
 slaujrliter. 
 
 ISlH-SKl'lKMHh'H IKRM. 
 
 A. \'audri, stealiuK an ox, executed ; I', Uacicot, rape, executed ; .1. 
 Monlieul, horse stealiuK. <'xecuted ; H. Clement, a boy 13i years old, 
 steahufr a cow, executed: 1'. Dufresne, petit larceny, 3U lashes. The 
 tirnt foul- wt rt! handed in a row over ti>u Champ do Mars. 
 
 181i..-MAIlCll TKRM. 
 
 I>. Curran, murder, hantjred, and " that his body be delivered by the 
 SherilT of the district to (icorKo Selby, Ks(|., of the (,'ity of Montreal, 
 SurKeon, for the pin-jiose of dissection, conformably to law"; J. H. 
 I'otviti, petit larceny, ."i!) lashes; M Williams, liiKliway robbery, executed ; 
 Lot. Gray, stealing, executed. 
 
 SErTKMIJKU TKHM. 
 
 J. Raymond, stealiuK. •'!(• lashcM : A. Latulippe, larceny, .SO lashes ; 
 L lortin, horse stealing, exci-uted : W. Leopard larceny, executed ; .Jos. 
 Wilson, shoplifting, executed : (ieo, Cross, burglary, executed; J. boy, 
 btirglarv, executed : .1. H. Robillard, horse stealing, executed. These U 
 were hanged at the same place. 
 
 181(5 -SKri'EM HER TERM 
 
 Jos. Quinn. petty larceny, 39 lashes and V2 months; Josejih Barbeau, 
 stealing, executed: J. Rousseau, petty larceny, 30 lashes and 18 months; 
 L. Lavigne. petty larceny, oO lashes and 18 months. 
 
 1817— SEIEMRER TERM. 
 
 Frs. Gendron, sacrilege, executed ; .Toseph. LeRrien, horse stealing, 
 executed. Two other men, same crime, executed. 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 V. 
 
 ^ 
 
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 {/ 
 
 /. 
 
 
 ,V^ 
 
 
 IL 
 
 IL 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 La 12.8 |2.5 
 Ui I2i& |2.2 
 
 1.8 
 
 L25 IIIIU IIIIIL6 
 
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 7 
 
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 '^' 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 1818— MARCH TERM. 
 
 L. BourKuiRetin, grnnd larceny, to be hanged, hut prays far the benefit 
 of Clertji/, Avhii'li being allowed liini by the Court, he is Hentenced to two 
 years in tho liouse of Correction. 
 
 BKNEFIT OK CLERGV. 
 
 As not one man in a thousand could tell what this niean(<, I give it in 
 extenso. 
 
 It was an ancient privilege allowed to the Clergy of elainiiiig those 
 accufted ot felony to be delivered uj) to the ecclesiastical judge — always 
 favorable to his own order — for compurgation, nistend of being tried in 
 the ordinary way before the lay judges of the land. In ancient times few 
 persons except those in Holy Orders could read, and accordingly the test 
 for an accused person claiming benefit of ('lergy was his ability to read. 
 If he could not, the courts would not i)ait Avith the defendant, but 
 proceed to try hira as if he were a layman. Afterwaid, when education 
 became more general, other persons besides Clergymen were able to read, 
 and so, in tlie reign of Edward III., I'arliament extended the privilege of 
 Clergy, as it is called, to clerkly laymen until the reign of Elizabeth- 
 Women were not allowed their Clergy until the reign of William and 
 Mary, when Parliament extended the benefit to them. In the reign of 
 Henry VII., however, a blow was aimed at this .singidar privilege as 
 enjoyed by laymen, and a statute was tlien jjassed against "divers 
 persons lettered, who have been more bold to commit murders, rapes, 
 robbery, theft, as well as other niischievons deeds," niiich enacted that 
 persons " not within Holy Orders." accused of these offenses, and con- 
 victed thereof, were in cases of murder to be marked with the letter 
 "M" on the brawn of the left thumb, a d iu all others with the letter 
 "T " to denote, it is presumed, that tlie person had been giulty of theft. 
 In cases of high treason, benefit of Clergy was never allowed to be 
 pleaded, it is stated that when an accused person claimed his Clergy, 
 it was usual to test his learning by requesting liim to read the first verse 
 of the fifty-first Psalm, whidi in Latin begins with the words " Miserere 
 mei I'eus." 
 
 In addition to the extraordinary character of this proceeding, in 
 which a touch of grim humor seems perceptible, its absurdity is 
 apparent, for, of course, men might easily liave coached themselves up in 
 the required test. Tlie ejclesiastical judge, wiio was generally the 
 Bishop, might however, liavo given the defendant anything else to read 
 and in either case, in tlie event of his inability to comply, might have 
 handed liira over to the law and this proceeding generally meant death 
 A custom which favored criminals solely on account of their good edu- 
 cation appears to us, when it is unjustly thought that superior intell 
 
HISTORY OF MONTKBAL. 
 
 SIN INSUiUNuB BlULDINU. 
 
lilSTORY Of MONtREAL. 
 
 igence adds a stain tocriniinaHty of any kind, to be in the highest degree 
 absurd ; yet we are told by able writers that the benefit of Clergy ox* 
 learning — for "clergy" is here tantamount thereto — was not so ridicu- 
 lous as it seems. Without saying more on the subject, it may be stated 
 that the privilege was abolished in the reign of George IV. 
 
 1821-OCTOBER TERM. 
 
 October 25 — Custley Huff, manslaughter, branded in the tiand and 
 six months ; J. B. Bourgoin, horse stealing, to be hanged, pardoned by 
 the King ; two men Sauzon and Beaudry, petty larceny, 39 lashes and 
 six months. 
 
 November 7 — T. Burk, arson, to be hanged, pardoned by the King ; 
 Jn. Wightman, arson, to be hanged, pardoned by the King ; N. Gauson, 
 forged bills, executed ; A. Jeffreys, forged bills, executed. 
 
 1822 -MARCH TERM. 
 
 March 15— B. Gilley, horse stealing, to be hanged, commuted to 
 months ; J. Lambert, stealing fowls, 39 lashes and six months. 
 
 April 22— J. Ouimet, petty larceny, pillory and 3 months; N Black, 
 murder, to be burned in the hand ; J. Gain, murder, to be burned in the 
 liand. 
 
 July 23 — J. Clap, sheep stealing, to be hanged, respited. 
 
 September 5— J. Larose, sheep stealing, to be hanged, twelve 
 months. 
 
 September 22— Fr. Lambert, horse stealing, to be hanged, respited. 
 
 November 9 — J. Hurtt, burglary, to be hanged, respited ; J. Brad- 
 ham, burglary, to be hanged, respited. 
 
 November 15— Jos. Moreau, stealing a book, 89 lashes and 12 
 months). 
 
 November 18 — P. Vazina. stealing an ox, to be hanged, pardoned by 
 the King. 
 
 1823— JANUARY TERM. 
 
 January 11 — Five men, for burglary at Lachine, were arrested ; 
 three were executed and the other two got 6 months House of Correct- 
 
 ion. 
 
mm 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 ^ 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 > 
 
 d 
 
 ► 
 
 I 
 
 •i 
 
 m 
 
M 
 
 HISTOKY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 CRIMINAL TAIU-E FROM A.D. ISl.'TO A.D. IHJ0-(2t Ykar.-«). 
 
 IIax(iki>. 
 
 Murder 7 .. 
 
 BurKlary IJ 
 
 Robbery 1 
 
 Shoplifting - •• 
 
 Larceny 2 .. 
 
 Horee.Cattle \ Slieep stealing 13 .. 
 
 Forgery I 
 
 Sncrilege '1 
 
 Arson U 
 
 High Treason li .. 
 
 Rape 2 .. 
 
 SKNTKN( HI) TO UK ll.VN(lKI) 
 
 mr Ri;rmi:\i;i), Total. 
 
 4 
 
 u 
 
 3» 
 
 51 
 
 IT) 
 
 -) 
 
 16 
 
 4 
 
 ■i'A 
 
 25 
 
 KJ 
 
 56 
 
 \) 
 
 10 
 
 •) 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 u;i 
 
 4 
 
 KL-J 
 
 4 
 
 54 
 
 ;{!» 
 
 200 
 
 CRIMINAL TAIJLE FROM A.D. 1^40 TO AD. 18Sfl_(4G Ykaks). 
 
 HANCiKI). 
 
 Murder I" .. 
 
 Burglary .., 
 
 Robbery '• ... 
 
 Shoplifting .. 
 
 Larceny '' .. 
 
 Horse stealing, &c 
 
 Forgery ... 
 
 Sacrilege ... 
 
 Arson ... 
 
 House breaking ... 
 
 Felony <* ... 
 
 High Treason '• ... 
 
 Rape ... 
 
 SKNTK.NCKI) to UIO IIAN'CJKr) 
 
 HIT i{i:i*UIKVK|). 
 8 
 
 (I 
 II 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 (I 
 (I 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 .. 18 
 
 
 I) 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
lirSTOUY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 P6 
 
 PALMKK'S STOHE. 
 
06 
 
 HI8TURY UF MONTUKAL. 
 
^■■p 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 87 
 
 Great chaiigeH li<ive taknn placH Hiruru tlie c(>ininHiiueiii»nt of tliis 
 street. Tliu Citndul, (latterly DallioiiMio SipiarH; and tiio old Qiiebuu 
 Hiirrai'ks liave dhappoartxl and oru lout;, notliiir^ will rtstii'iiti, Hive the 
 new HuildiiiKH of tliu C. I*. R. on CraiK street and tlie Depot uf the 
 Hame Line on tliu site of the old liarracks. 
 
 Kast of the Sipuiro in the early times of this century, were some fine 
 private hnildings, one or two of them are absorbed in the Sohmer I'ark. 
 Another residen(;u belonKiiiK to the Molsons once stood where the 
 Rubber Kaetory is now located, and on the same site was the Foundry 
 of that firm which made the engines of the first Steamer which ever 
 croHsel tlie Atlantic. 
 
 Molaon's College is passed before arrivinj; at the Jail. It has seen 
 several changes— once it was a College then a Birr.tcks and now it is a 
 manufactory. One of the most useful articles of business, making wall 
 paper, takes up its whole extent. 
 
 The Jail has been fully written about in ray History of it for the 
 past 120 years, but I must say in passing tliat thi> Huilding, thnigh 
 outwardly the same to the public eye has un lorgone wonderful 
 changes and transformations, since the Writer first entered its precincts 
 33 years ago. During the past few years, under the control of its present 
 spirited Governor a very long list of i nprovenmnts has taken place. 
 And now if the old Patriots of 1H;57-S appeared today they would hardly 
 know the inside Avhere ao many of our, afterwards great public men, 
 speut a longer or shorter period witliin its walls. 
 
 Mb. Vallee the present Governor owes much to his having been a 
 military man for some time in his past career. He was one of the best 
 known Zouaves who went from Canada to Rome in aid of His Holiness 
 the Pope, nd he shows, not without some feeling of pride and 
 satisfaction the decorations received at that period. 
 
 A native of Quebec City, born there in 1850. educated at the College 
 de Levis and Quebec Seminary, lie at the time of enlisting recruits for 
 the Pontifical Zouaves could not resist the fascination ofjoining, which he 
 did in IHOH and remained till after the fall of Rome in 1870. He was 
 knighted by Pope Pius IX of the Order of *' St Gregory the Great " for 
 gallant service in the field and also decorated with the Medal " Bene 
 
 Returning to Montreal in 1870 he entered La Banque National and 
 soon became the manager of that Institution in Montreal — and in 1800, 
 the Government of Quebec appointed him Governor of the Prison, a 
 situation he has ever since eminently filled to the satisfaction of alt 
 concerned. 
 
98 
 
 HI8T0UY OF MONTKBAL 
 
 Sonio largo faetorieH are seen and the far east of Notre Dame. The 
 ininuMiHe Cotton MillH, the St I^awreni-e SiiKar Retliiery, roj^hlin'M Spring 
 Factory, tlie C. P. K. Work Shops and Lepine I\irk, thi) busy wharvoH 
 with tlie i^reat quantitit's of lunil)iM- bt>in^ uvportMil, Ijdii^ikmuI Kerry 
 one of the very oldest in or around Montreal and lleney's Carriage 
 Factory. 
 
 Pour bridKoa are thrown over the .Street, one at the .Jail, tlje othpr 
 further eaut (It the immense terminus of tlie Montreal .Street Hallway, 
 the third is at DaUionsiH Square, connei-tinK the C. I*. Ilailway, north and 
 south of t)it> street imderneatli, Koin^ a tine avenue for v«*hicle.s from the 
 wharf to Crai^ street. The faiirth Ih-idKt* is eonnectuil with the (J. T. 
 Ilailway at Ste. Cunegonde, wliere all trains passing over Victoria 
 Bridge go under it to and from Montreal. 
 
 Opposite the City Flail, is the Cliateau d(5 Ilarae/.ay, one of theolilest 
 historical land marks and associated w itii events of the very greatest 
 importance in Canadian history. It was built in 170ri by Claude de 
 Rame/.iy, Governor of .Mcntreal. Wit'iin its walls, after the fall of 
 Quebec in 17(J(). the arran^^ements wore made and completed fcr the 
 withdrawal of the last b'roiich garrison from Montreal. ]iy this the 
 finest colony of France that she ever has had, passed into tiie ponsession 
 of Great Britain. 
 
 In 1775, the Chateau was ag.i in memorable as the headquarters of 
 the American General Wooster mikI the next year iinder the traitor 
 Arnold, the Commissioners of Congress I'^ranklin, Chase tt Carroll here 
 held council. 
 
 For several years after the coranjencement of the English regime the 
 Chateau was recogni/ud as the oiTicial re-<i(lence of the English Governors 
 when in Montrea'. Afterwards it was the .litc(|ues Cartier Normal Scliool 
 until the present one was built on Shorlirooke street, east; then it 
 became the Circuit Court of Montreal and is at the t>f"!^()iit day approp- 
 riated as a Museum, wh^re can be seen a gieat number of excellent 
 portraits, and interestirg souvenirs, associated with the History of the 
 Province and other parts of Canada since its discovery by Jacques 
 Cartiar. 
 
 It is to be hoped that the citizens at large will hereafter take a more 
 lively interest in this National Museum and that those having articles of 
 historic value o*" documents a))pertaining to the history of the Dominion 
 will donate the same to its keeping. It is worthy of not only State 
 Endowment but large subscriptions from the citizens of Montreal. 
 
 Between tlie Court House and the City Hall stood at the early years 
 of this century, the old Jail, also the Town l^illory. On a marble tablet 
 afHxed to the building we are told." Here stood the church, cliapel and 
 residence of the Jesuit Fathers. Built 10i)2, occupied as military head- 
 
mm 
 
 HFSTORY OF MOVTRKAL 
 
 qiiarterM 17^0. Burnt If^OS, Charlevoix and Lafontniiifl, amnnff others, 
 anjoiirn«d hero. Or) thin Hqtiiire, in front four Inxiuois MiilTertiJ deiitli by 
 Are, ill reprinal, by order of Kront«imt! KUHJ." 
 
 OppoHite both tlie Court Houhu and City Hall in the " KsplauiidH " 
 CampuH MartiuH or "Cliarap do Marn," whic i has lost nuu'li (»f itH 
 priNtino beauty by llio death of ho uuiuy of th:i fluo old truoH whicli 
 once Hurrounded it. Here wa'i tim parade Krouirl of liotli i<'roucli and 
 P^nKlish troopH and many a brave Hpootarle has liHon witiu^Hsed l)y )rru>it 
 crowds of HpectatorH at theso timoH. Attlio woHtond stands on St. ((abriol 
 street, the Provincial Govorument'H Onicos, wliore the (.'abinot meets 
 when in Montreal. This wan once the Dominion (iovornmeut Museum or 
 Ocoloffical Collection, now removed to Ottawa, 
 
 OppoHite at ttie other end .stood and still stands the old Military 
 Chapel, where the Author ho often took service when I'rince Arthur was 
 in Montreal and where he officiated with the Senior Army Chaplain 
 at the great Military funeral of General Windham, who was buriud from 
 this chapel. 
 
 Conoregation t)c Vlotre^Damc t)c HDontrcal, 1653. 
 
 I 
 
 Clustered among all the principal business places of tliis part of the 
 City still stands this old Institution. The following skotch, in Krench, 
 for the acceptance of my compatriots, will be read by them with 
 pleasure. 
 
 Marguerite Bourgeoys naquit A Troyes, en Champagne, en 1020, et 
 elle commenya par faire partie de la congregation exUrm, otablie dauH 
 cette villa par les Religieuses de i'institution de Bx. P Fourrier. C!'etait 
 une association de jeunes jiersonnes qui, sans contractor aucun engage- 
 ment de consience, ae fortiflaient dans la devotion par des bennes (vuvres 
 faites en commun. 
 
 ScBur Bourgeoys arriva k Montreal le 10 Novembre 163!^, et e!le 
 d^ploya dans cette Colonie la ('harit6 d'une h(;roine et d'uo apotre. 
 Ville-Marie ne se composait alor^ que d'une cinquantaine de cabanes, et il 
 n'y ovait qu'un trespetit nombre d'ent'ant en bas dge, trop jeunes pour 
 Ruivre une Nicole. La SoBur Bourgeoys se fit alors la servante de M, 
 de Maisonneuve ; elle a'occupa du aoin de la Chapelle et des mille anivres 
 que son ing6nieuae charity sut in venter. 
 
 En 1657, la Scaur Bourgeoys put ouvrir une veritable (Scole et elle la 
 commenga dans une Stable, le seul local que Ton put mettre ii sa disposi- 
 tion, vu r^tat de pauvrot^ de la colonie. L'ann^e suivante, elle se rendit 
 en France pour y chercher du secours, et elle remena de Troyes quatre 
 jeunes personnes, avec lesquelles elle fonda la Congregation de Notre- 
 
m 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTflKAL 
 
 Dnriie de Montroai. Kii I'UW leiir i tuljliHSMiiiHiit nvnit ilt'tj i pronp^-nS et 
 «n outre d'liiie ^coIh pour lea petttnii HIleH dtt U i-la<4Ne uuvrh'^re, In 
 Sdtiir lioiirgeoyH urf^aiiisait uii piMHlonnnt du duiiiolNullu-4, et un« congr/)- 
 ifatioii externa a I'exuinple de culli) do TroyuH. 
 
 ** Old St Mary strnet has been widtMiud but not to Its advaiitaK^ in n 
 commercial view tlioiiKli miicli t(> itH nppxai'.iiico as reRard-t width The 
 iildoNt biiildiuK NtandinK i^ MoIsoh'h Ilrowery- The C I', ti. (C|ii(>bi*(! 
 Uate I'erminiiN) haH uoiupletey altered DalhoiHJM Square. The centre of 
 the street from thiH Depot to Mcdill remains much the sanie as in the 
 paHt few yearn, A fine Hospital (Notre l>amo) In next the old square," 
 
 The Sun Insurance and the Hull Telephone HuildinK are perhaps two 
 of the most boautifid slKhts in the city wlien we enter the niiin door of 
 each. Onyx everywhere, most pleasiun to the eye and without doubt 
 having cost respectively many thousands of dollars. 
 
 Til near here we litve one of the best establisliments in the street 
 Palmer In old(«r times this store was the KfO'^t rende/,-vous of the 
 Military donn and lloyal I'.itronap^e. His business has extended to such 
 extent th it it co nists now of two large stores. Carsley's immense 
 itore, near McOill street, attracts tliousands of visitors, and Wiley's 
 beautiful China Store is so well known that mentioning, it, is almost 
 auperfiuous. 
 
 The Balmoral Hotel .dds much to the character of the street a,>f 
 far west as Uhaboillcz S piare. After that the street returns to the 
 width of old St. .loseph street. Some large stores and factories are 
 in the westend of theStreet and in Ste, Cunegonde, only separated from 
 Montreal by an imagiiinry line anddestined like all the other suburbs, at 
 DO distant day to be annexed to .Montreil by the force of clrcumstauces, 
 and become one city u ider one Civic Government. 
 
 Tiie days are rolling on when, this street and perhaps all those 
 running west, will end at Lachine. and by the middle of the next century 
 a great part of this will be fulfilled. Consider what mighty changes 
 have been wrought in Montreal since tiie Writer landed in 1850, the last 
 half of this IWth century. At ihe same rate of advance even and that 
 rate multiplied three fold, all these changes will be seeu at the middle 
 of the 20th century, when Montreal will be a city of half a million 
 inhabitants.. 
 
 Beyond McGill street in early times there were nothing but swamps 
 woods and wilda in all Griffiutown, Ste. Cunegonde and St. Henri. 
 
 After St. Joseph street was traced out and opened up, houses began 
 to be built and the city gradually extended westward. 
 
^^■i^ 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTKRAL. 
 
 lot 
 
108 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ('liiil)f)illo/. Squire wms n.iiiifd after a well kmiwn citi/en of liis day 
 n Notary w lio fiK'nes at the eormneiicenieiit of this eeiitnry as one of tlie 
 .Fnstices of the I'eace for Montreal. The JuMticeH in these days luul more 
 jiower tlian tlie .Indies have now. when tliy not only reRulated thei)ri(e 
 of Mread but also the iinionnt of jfoods each merchant was allowed to 
 -.ell. Hcyond all, the Tannery lay at the foot (as it still does) of the 
 hiuh ridge, the hank of the ancients river whicli flowed Ht its 
 base. 
 
 AiuoiiK the best known representative stores in this street, east may 
 be nientione I tin- followiiiK, C'ontant. at the corner of Bonseconrs street ; 
 Long MK"' here the well known Di-. Picand dispensed his drnjjs, a 
 rcniaikable man was the Dr. His grand father 1 think, or his father 
 was one of the great Napoleon lioneparte's I-'ield Surgeons and an Aunt 
 was Abbess of one of the celebrated Institutions near Paris. The Writer 
 still possesses her splendid crossof solid Jet fhalf a foot in length) which 
 he leceived fionj Dr. Pic.iud as a friend. His successor to the business 
 upiiolds the place as in the days of old. Near Place d'Armes tliereaie 
 tiie ottices of one of the oldest Dentists in Montreal TV, Young. His 
 father for years carried on his profession there and his sou effectively 
 continues it. 
 
 Pi-att's Piiino store, with all tli't wonderful new instruments must be 
 •^een to be reali/eil, A visit to this great establishment will repay any 
 one and the variety of the ditTcrent r.ewly patented instruments of 
 iniisic will make one buy whether you want or not. 
 
 The Court House is next to tlie City Hall and contains a fine fjibrary 
 of Legal books. It has recently been enlarged to meet the ever increas- 
 ing wants of the citi/ens. 
 
 The principal ollicials of the ( ourt House are of course the SlierilT, 
 Honorable Senator Ihibaudcau and is ever obliging Deputy M, Franchere, 
 the llonorable Mr. Tujcotte, Protlionotary also the Clerk of Sessions, Mr. 
 Sicotte, himself a grtat Antiquarian and Historian. Here Judge Dugas 
 and Desnoyers dispense justice to all and no two me" have suclr insight 
 into human character as these two learned gentlemen daily ex|)erience. 
 
 One of the oldest <f1icials in the Building is High Constable Bisson- 
 nette active still and able to bring delinquents to justice, hmg may he 
 <lo so. Of their Honors tlie Judges of the different Courts of Law, all I 
 can say is tliat they are ail educated gentlemen "learned in the Law " 
 a body of men tliat will compare with any such (dispensers of the Law) 
 as the right nun in the right jilace. Honorable Senator 1 hibaudeau 
 Mas born at Cap Saute, I S ,7. His ancestors came from France to Acadia 
 (now Nova Scotia) during the French Revolution of 17Si>and they made 
 their way Quebec. He early entered into businesi in Montreal in the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 108 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 W 
 
 r 
 
 K 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 
104 
 
 HISTORY OF xMONTREAL 
 
 - 1 
 
 well known firm ol" lliibaiulean, Beliveau and Archainbanlt. At the 
 present, he is not only the Sheriff of Montreal and a Senator of (.'anada 
 bnt President or N'ice I'roaident of a member of our best institutions. 
 
 In ISUO he was a})pointed Sheriff oh tlie death of Honorable P. J. O. 
 Chaveau and has ever since sustained the duties of his high office with 
 dignity and urbanity. 
 
 Honorable H. R. A. lurcotte Q.C., Prothonotary of NUintreal was 
 born in INTT), educated at St. Mary's College, Montreal and at Stouey hurst 
 College, England. In 1H(37 he was called to tlie Bar and made Q.C, in 
 1870. Was at one time Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, for tliree 
 years. He was appointed to the Executive Council in 1K87 as Attorney 
 General. He acted as Premier during tlio Honorable Mr. Mercier's first trip 
 to Europe. After the fall of tlie Mercier Government he was appointed 
 Prothonotary of Montreal in 1S90 which situation he still fills to the 
 satisfaction of all who have business to transact with him and is univer- 
 sall}' esteemed as an upright and urbane gentleman. 
 
 Let me give the list of Advocates and Notaries in Montreal in the 
 year ISl'i, the year of the war between Canada and the United 
 States, 
 
 Tliere were only thirty advocates in Montreal at this time, but 
 what important names are found atuongst them ! How many figured 
 afterwards on the Bencli, at the Bar, or in Parliament, or on the stage of 
 their country's history. The same may be said of the nineteen notaries, 
 their nanus beiim found below the list of advocates- Stephen Sewell, 
 Chas. F. Hamelin. Dr. Ross, Jos. Bedard, I). B. Viger, J. D. Lacroix, Ben. 
 Beaubien,Koss Cutlibeit, Dr. Ogden, K. H, Bender, A. Levesque, J. R. 
 Rollat d, P. D. Debart/.ch, L. M. Viger, (he was called Beau Viger , F. A. 
 Quesnel, S. Gale, Hy.|peorge'i, 1". P. Fortune, John Bt)ston, L. Jos. Papi- 
 neau, J. C. Herse, M. O'Sullivan. Alex. Reid, J. C. Routier, W. Davidson, 
 H, Henry, Chs. Ogden, Alex. Elliot and Alexis Bovvnet. 
 
 The Notaries AVere as follows: — Jean Delisle, J. Jorand, J. Papineau 
 G. Beck, L. Chaboillez, J. G. Delisle, P. Lukiu, J. M. Monde'et, Thos. 
 Barron, ( lis. Psevost, Louis Guy, Louis H. La tour, J. M. Cadieux, L. 
 Sarrault, Jos. Roi, P. Mercier, A Dumouchelle, Jos. Desautels, Thomas 
 Bedouin and Henry Griffin. 
 
 Let us now record the list of advocates in Montreal just before the 
 Rebellion of I8;i7-8. Tl ere were Stephen Sewell K.' ., David Ross, K,C., 
 Joseph Bedard, K.C.. Hon. iJenisB. Viger, Janvier I). Lacroix, B. Beau- 
 bien, F. H. Bendei", Ant. L. Levesque, Hon, P, D. Debartzch, Louis M. 
 Viger, F. A. Quesnel, Samuel Gale, John Boston, Hon. L. J. Papineau, M. 
 O'Sullivan, Hugues Heney, Chas. R Ogden, Sol. General, '^ lexis Baurrett, 
 James U. Giant, D. B. RoUin, Samuel W. Monk, Alex. .McMillan, 
 Toussaint Peltier, Geo. S. Henshaw, William Walker, Peter N. Rosaiter, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 1A6 
 
 Alex. Buchanan, (\ C S DeBleury, D. Mondelet, Philippe Kriineaii, Robt 
 Morrough, Hyp. St. George Dupre, C. S. Cherrier, C. J. E. Mundelet, 
 llypolite Guy, E. A- Clark, J. S. MtCord, Henry Driscol, Pierre Bibaud, 
 Wni. Badgley, Frederick (JriHii), \Vin. Hyan, John Stanley, J. H. Johnson, 
 Daniel Salmon, Jolin Bleiikiey, James G. Scott, Prancis P. Terroux, 
 Duncan '^isher, Campbell Sweeney, Edward T. Jones, C. D. Day, E. E. 
 Rodier, Arthur Ross, Levi Adamn, Thomas Nye, Thomas Barron. James 
 Sniitli, Augurttin N. Morin, P. B, T, de Montigny, N. C; Radiger, J. M. H. 
 Lennox, Leon (Josselin, Pierre Moreau, John Sexton, William K. McCord, 
 Louis Hyp, Lafontaine, John Usher, Hugh Taylor, Robert Armour, and 
 John Pickel. 
 
 When reading over the above list, how many of these names are to 
 the inhabitants of present Montreal as " Household Words." We see the 
 origin of the names cf many of our streets and blocks of buildings 
 taken from them, but above ail how many bearing these names in after 
 years sat on the Bench of Lower ( anada, or occupied most important 
 situations, either in th<^ administration of justice or in the political arena 
 of their country, or were connected with the troubles of 1837-3H. 
 
 As we liave given lists of the Advocates of Montreal at the com- 
 mencement and middle of this century, we will now give a list of the 
 most prominent Advocates of A'ontreal, at the close of this nineteenth 
 century, only adding tliat at its beginning they were not many only 
 thirty and at its close tliere are some hundreds. Prominent amongst them 
 is the ( ity Attoney. J. R. Roy, Q.C, with his able confrere and joint 
 Attorney, L. J. Ethier, Q. C. 
 
 He is a native of St. Eustache, County of Two-Mountains, and was 
 born in 1H55. He studied at St. Mary's College, Montreal and obtained 
 the degree of B. C. L. at McGill University, where he carried off the 
 first prize for a thesis on Law. He studied law with the well known 
 firm of Messrs. Judah Wurtele anJ Roy, and was admitted to the Bar in 
 I881I, when he was appointed one of the City Attorneys, which position 
 he has held up to the present date. He was made Queen's Counsel in 
 1890. 
 
 He was also an officer of the (55th Regiment for ten years. In 1>'85, 
 he went to the North W^est with his regiment as Captain commanding 
 No. H company. 
 
 He has been watching the City's interests in a great many cases 
 before all the Courts of this Country, and even before the Privy Council 
 in England. He has been attached to the Law since October 1876, over 
 21 years and has given it his earnest study and attention hence the 
 position he holds to-day one of the most responsible in the city. 
 
 -^ 
 
 e.t*«HC!WJWi><W'iw:'iM(i-5i'''W.>*<v>f'-iir.','-.- (•->^-w«-'i' 
 
1(A 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTRRAL, 
 
 No list cnulil l)e ciiinpU'tc williotit our K''*'t*"'t (^ritiiinnl liiivv\t*r IFeiiii 
 St lieii'i- (.i.lJ., IVrluips few know of tlio fainoiis liiHJ.s iipijlicable to li lu 
 and his ^ffat name siike. 
 
 " II I'mit hien I'rtVOMer, iin Ciel sur la t«rre. 
 Nous avoiis (It'itx |>uis8ants St Pierre : 
 I, "mi NJrjje avi'c eclat an port brillant des cieux. 
 L'autre aux portes de tVr de prisons de ces lieux " 
 
 Jiiit tli(> -iniilaritv finishes in tlie conclndinjjr versie. 
 
 "N'oiia l)ien la resemblance; 
 
 IMais (plant a ce qn'anx leurs ils peuvent garautir. 
 
 Quelle est done la difference 1' 
 
 Kli ! Lim les fait entrer, I'antre les fait sortir" 
 
 This alone is snflicient to enlopixe our friend. His life sketch Iihs 
 often been written and now here better tlian in my own JJiogriii)hical 
 Gazetteer. 
 
 List of Chief Lepil firms : —Abbotts, Campbell iSc Meredith ; Arehara- 
 baidt, Chauvin » Leclair ; Atwatcr, Duclos and Mackie; Auge, (Jio- 
 beu'-ky and l/\niarie: Edmoiid IJiirnard and Co.: Heauciiamp and 
 HrncJK si ; Jieansoleil and Chotpiet ; Heiipie, Lafontidne, Tui-peon and 
 Robertson; l^erard and Jirodenr ; IJethune and Hethune; HisMillon, 
 Bro.sseau and Lajoie ; Hiu-rouKhs and HurrouKhs ; Unsteed and Lane; 
 Butler and Carmichael ; Charbonneau and Pelletier : H. J. Cloran; 
 J. i*. Cooke, Q.C; .James Crankshu w ; Cruicksiiank and Cruickshank ; 
 Davidson and Hitchie; Pay huo i>ay: I'emersand I 'eLorimier ; Dolierty, 
 Sicotte and Uarnard ; N. Driscoll ; ('lievalier G. A. Mrolet; Dunlop, 
 Lyman and MclMierson ; ,*]m.U(l and iaschereau: Fostt^r, Martin and 
 Girouard ; Hon. J'\ K. (iilman ; Greenshields and (ireenshields ; llatton 
 and McLennan : JIutchison and OiiKhtred ; Hall, Casgrain, Brown and 
 Sharp; .Jndaii, Branchand and Kavanagh ; jjalleur and Mcl'ougall; 
 Lamothe and Truilel : Liglithall and Ilarwool : MacMaster and Mac- 
 lennan ; N'artineati and Pelfausse; McCOrmick and Claxton ; G. A 
 Marsan ; E. A. Morgan ; (J. A. Morrison; Morris and Holt; T. Pagnuelo 
 M adore and Guerin ; Prefontaiae, St. .lean, Arclier and Decarie ; Rinfret 
 and Lamoureux : J. M. Quinn ; Robertson, Fleet and Falconer; St. Pierre, 
 Pelissier and Wilson ; Stephens and Hntcliins ; Taillon, Bonin and Morin; 
 'i'aylor and Huchan ; N. W. Tretdiohne, Q.C. ; Henry Tucker ; Walsh and 
 Whelan ; Weir and Hibbard ; W. A. Weir. 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 lor 
 
 iSioNUMENT MAISOXNEUVE. 
 
im 
 
 HFSTOllY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 * " i 
 
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 PLATE UNDER CORNER STONE. 
 
 ' '■?B?*¥?:i.'i''K''wV*' ■' 
 
 i;?^?'* 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 JMncc ^•armc{J Square 
 
 This is ono oF tljo inosi colebratuii spots hi Montreal. It not only 
 non', contains tliu fhio monument of itM l<\)uii(iHr, but on every Hide of it, 
 are Buildinjfs, whit'li can foinpato vvitli any in tlio ('ities of this 
 Continent. Stand at our I'oandi'r's .Moiiuiuent 'vucl ^a/.n all around. On 
 the south side tlior-j is tho K'"'''''i'l«'<t of all I'arish (Miurclies and tlio 
 largest Bell in Amurica. Opposite are the Imperial liuildinK-s and the 
 Rank of Montreal. On thii east side roars up t'lo lofty hoiKht of The 
 NeVv York l^ifo Insurancie Co. with its luullitudlMoiis oHicos of "all 
 sorts" and also the .faccpies Cnrtier li ink. On tin; opposite side are seen 
 the Building of tiie Royal Insurance Co, whilst over all chimes the old 
 clock of the Seminary telling us as it dous that " tempus fuKit". Tills 
 even now at the close of this liusy lUt!i coiitury is a secred spot. But let 
 us go back to the olden days anil why it rci-civtMl its name. It is told us 
 in the early History of Montreal that, the Indians were continually a 
 source of great dangei to these early settlers. Tliese Hed men would 
 watch sometimes for days for some one to pass the palisades, and then 
 pounce upon the unfortunate straggler, torn ihawk, scalp, and brutally 
 murder him. Tliis occasioned Maisonneuve to order that no man should 
 go out or be near the outside walls witliout permis'^ion. which rule was 
 imputed by his men to cowardice on (ho part of their leader. This so 
 galled liim that he detei luiiied to show that he was as brave as they 
 were, and ordered his men to jirejiire to attack the enemy and he would 
 lead ihem himself. 
 
 He sallied fortli at the head of thirty men, leaving d'Aillebout with 
 the balance to liold the fort. After they liad waded through the snow 
 for some distance, tliey were attacked by the Ircxjuois, wlio killed three 
 of hi.'? men and wounded several others. i^Iaisonneuve and his party 
 held their ground until iheir ammunition began to fail, and then he f,'ave 
 orders to retreat, he himself remaining to the last, 'i he men struggled 
 onward for some time facing the enemy, but finally they broke their 
 ranks and retreated in great disorder towards the fort. Maisonneuve, 
 with a pistol in each hand, lield the Indians in check for some time. 
 They might have killed liim, but they wished to take him prisoner. 
 Their chief, desiring this honor, rushed forward ; but, just as he was 
 about to grasp him, Maisonneuve fired and he fell dead. The Indians 
 fearing that the body of tlieir chief would fall into the hands of the 
 French, rushed forward to secure it, and Maisonneuve passed safely 
 withiu the fort. From that day his men never dared to impute cowardice 
 to him. 
 
 -xsmpimm:- 
 
no 
 
 HIMTOUY OF MONTH KAL. 
 
 Tho nioNt rMVctivf minrdimi ..I' the fort whm ii fiMuale dofl; named 
 "I'ilotf". Kvt'iy iiiuriiiii^- ir^'iiliuly I'iltitf, would patrol iviui luiiku «i 
 I'HconnoitoriiiK t<Mii' all over tliH town. It in hhU\ hIih trained her own 
 yoiuiK to be most vaiiiabli' allu's to their masters. WhiMievcr thoHe (hign 
 piTceivcd any tiaci-s of tlif iro<|ii(iis. tiud more spi'ciii''y wJJon Tilote 
 had discovfri'd any '^iRrix, tjii-ii hack tli-y iiin to tim I'ort, giv'iuf^ a 
 particidat- bay to intimate tliat daiiKiT was tnnh. 'i hen the coloniatH 
 became alert, and thev had need to be, for already had five Frenehraen 
 falleit bet'ote the deadly totnahawk of the lro(|uois. (iuillaume Hoissier, 
 the liist person bnrieti in Montreal one of the llvo -was reverently laid 
 in the little cemetery nt •' I'ointe a < allieros." 
 
 Tliis enf«»iinter took place, it is supposed, .jnst where the monument 
 is now erected to Maisoniieuvo in I'laco d'Armes. Indeed the name 
 signifies the occnrrence ret'erreil to. 
 
 In connection with the old spot wiiich may well bo called "The 
 Hub ol' Montieal," many curious events are connected, chief amun^: 
 tliese i8 the following relative to the times just previoun to the declara- 
 tion of independence of the Anunican Colonies. It is taken from my 
 larger History of the ( ity. 
 
 •' In connection witli the tamperinir of tiie loyalty of the ( anadiana at 
 the time of the American Hcvolutionary war, the follow img incident may 
 be mentioned to show how far some peopl»» will go to try and accomplish 
 their ends. Tliere was at tiiis time a fine i)ust of His M 'jesty, Cteorge 
 III, erected in the I'lace d" Arm^-s Square. Early in the year 1775 or at 
 the close of 1771, one morning this said bust was found all daubed with 
 tarry paint, a ehaplet of potatoes j)laced on it, and on tlie breast a notice 
 whicli read thus: '■ Heboid the Pope of Canada and the Knglish Sot." 
 
 Altliough till' (iovernor olTered a large reward for the perpetrators 
 ' f this insult to His .Majesty, it was never found out, but some one of the 
 Amerii-ans then in .Montreal was suspected with good reason of being 
 I lie cidpiit. Tlie bust was mysloriously removed, but tlie stand still 
 remaineil. 'I Im hend of tiii ' le^t is row to be seen on a plaster bust in the 
 rooms of the Montreal -Natural History Society. This also is recorded in 
 the records of the Court. .Fanuary, 171Jn, in the presentiuent of the Grand 
 Jury, where they say: "Tiiit the building situated upon the Place 
 d'Armes under which Mis Majesty's bust was formerly placed is a public 
 nuisance and ought to be f)ulled down. "Tlie Court granted the re-juest 
 atid " orders that tho sanio be pulled <lown accordingly." It had remained 
 for fifteen years after the insidt to the King and seven years after the 
 final indept>ndence of the Colonies of .America. Mr. P. S. Murphy lately 
 told me that the bust w.is found at the bottom of the old well which 
 was in the Place d'Armes wiien .some workingmen were excavating for 
 certain repairs at that part of the city. Tliis pump (or well) was one of 
 the old places where tho citi/eus got their water supply. 
 
HrsTOHV OP MONTREAL. 
 
 HI 
 
 IMPEKIAL BUILDING. 
 
112 
 
 HIHTORY OF MONTRKAL. 
 
 The I'HriHli Cliiin-li of Notro Drtino in tli«« liirK«Mt ('liiirch of Itu cIiihm 
 in tliH Doiniiiioii. It Ih liiiilt of cut liinuNtoiiH in tlitt (totliic ntyle. 'I'liu 
 nrcliitect WHH (ill IriMiniian hy name O'Doiiiiull wlio is hiiriud in the vauitN. 
 Thin Krave in Hiirnxuuied by ucaMt iron fence. We can rea<l tiie following 
 iuMuriptiou, atlixed to a roiitih wliiti; luifble ttlab which Hbataii : 
 
 "CI GIT 
 Jntnes O'Donnell, EHqnire, 
 Architect, born in Ireland, 
 Who (lied in thin city 
 The 28th .lanuary, 18;",0, 
 In tile noth year of \\i» nge. 
 
 " He labored f'vo yearn on this Churcli, K>vinK tlie plans and directing 
 the works with /.eal and intelli^eiu'e. Having: embraced the (Jatholic Faith 
 he desired that liis remains mi^lit rust l)mieath. Ills disinterestedness 
 his talents and hi-t |)robity of character were worthy tiiu esteem of this 
 Parish ; and the Uhnreh-Wardeus have consecrated this monument to hio 
 memory. 
 
 *' RequiHHcat in Face." 
 
 To this, I added in my late Gazetteer " Why not, at least, place some 
 rich mural design on the B^round tloor of the Churcii? Let the Irish 
 Roman Catholic people of the city bestir themselves and raise some 
 better monument to him who was an honor to the land of lus bu'th and 
 a lit companion of Christopher Wren who built St. Paul's, Loudon. ' 
 
 The Church is very ornate 2^5 feet long, 134 feet wide and the 
 towers are 2*27 feet hii{h. In one of them hangs "Gros Bourdon," the 
 largest bell in America, weighing '■?U,400 lbs. There are II) smaller hells. 
 The building could easily contain 10,1)00 people. In its rear there is a 
 Chapel, the interior of which ia a masterpiece of beautiful wood- 
 carving. 
 
 The Imperial Buildings were once " the City Bank " which was 
 presided over so long by the lite Willam Workman ; a well known man 
 was he. Not only was he one of the Mayors of Montreal, but one of the 
 founders of the great eatablisliment of " Fortbingham & Workman " of 
 St. Paul street. 
 
 He was a man of great abilities and great likes and dislikes. The 
 Author was one of his likes. Few people know that he served as an 
 officer during and previous to the rebellion of 1837-8. 
 
 The following is a fact and speaks volumes for our old Mayor and 
 Banker. 
 
UrsTORY OF MONTRRAL 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 WhiMi till) KxHcutlon of thi* tIrNt two patriots liiul Iimhii aiH-uinpliHliHil 
 and the riuxt Mvit was (im;i(ltt(| on, Mr. Workman wtnit to Sir .iolin 
 Colli >rne ami iinlxK'ltlinK hit HNVord, laid it down before the Oovurnor 
 with these wonis : ' I hav« fitithfnlly sorved Hor Majesty, but (or these 
 jti(!i4'ial murders I have nothiuK but reimKnanue, huiu'et'ortii I will never 
 wear a sword again." He kept his wonl and from that (hiy he was 
 never attached to any Volunteer Militia (!orps. The liuildintf now \h a 
 nest of olllces Mince its reconstruction atid some of our beHt Hrtus 
 advocates and others ttre located within itn walls. 
 
 ^bc f irdt (^ana^ian Banh. 
 
 n 
 
 In the summer of 1817 a number of prominent merchants of thiM-lty, 
 after iiolding several meetinffs. formed a cDinpiiny with a capital of 
 lHI,(»()(),()(U) and started the Bank of Montreal. Thev h^.d no charter, for 
 in those lUys the obtaining of rights for private companies was a very 
 dinicult and tedious undertaking, as after the necessary lugi-«lation had 
 passed the Provincial Government, the whole matter had to be sent to 
 the British (government for sanction. It was a pu/./le to the Bank how 
 to issue bills for circulation without making each stockholder personally 
 liable for their payment, but at last the following form for the reading 
 of their notes was adopted : - 
 
 "The President and Directors of tlie Bunk of Montreal promise to 
 pay A. B., or bearer, the sum of five dollars (or other amount) out of tha 
 .joint funds (»f the Association, and no other." 
 
 This form was, of course, dropped when the charter was obtained 
 The Act ot incorporation was not obtained until IHil, and, having been 
 reserved for consideration by the I lome Government of tho-e days after 
 the usual custom, it was not proclaimed as law until 18J2. The capital 
 stock was fixed at £"250,000 a sum which :*eeras large for a town of less 
 than 20.000 inhabitants. The charter was renewed from time to time as 
 it expired and the capital increased, until it has now attained the sum of 
 $12,000,000 with a rest of $«,000,000. The Bank of Montreal is not only 
 as to the capital, the largest colonial bank, but it is the largest bank in 
 North America, the fifth largest in the British Empire, and the eighth 
 largest joiutstock bank in the world. 
 
 The charter of the bank marked it from the first as a Montreal 
 institution. Foreigners or aliens could not vote at stockholders' meet- 
 ings, and directors could be selected only among British subjects who 
 liad resided in the Province for seven years and in the City at least three 
 years. The bank therefore b'jcame identified with the fortunes of tlie 
 city, and its great success is an evidence of the commercial ability of the 
 merchants who have successively administered it. 
 
m 
 
 IIISTOIIV OF MONIHI AL 
 
 ^^■"^F" ,■ • ' ' 'I 
 
 
 MONTi.EAl, HANK, 
 
HFSTOHY OK MONTURAL 
 
 11B 
 
 ^y. 
 
 m 
 
 
 (> 
 
 NKW YOllK i.IFlO lU'lLUJNO. 
 
llfl 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 John Grey, a retired diy proods luerctmiit, was tlie first President of 
 the Hank; Robert (Jriflfin, the Hrst Cashier. The dirnetors were some of 
 the most prominent business men of tlie city. They were Hon. Jolin 
 Ricl)nr(lson, Samuel Gerard, Thomas I Imin, Horatio Gates, George Auldjo, 
 John > Olson, Thomas A. Turner, William Krraatinper, Zabdiel Thnyer 
 and David David. On the 1st of October, I SI 7, the first bank note was 
 issued by the Montreal Bank. Notwithstaudiujf the prejudice of the 
 •'habitants" nKainst paper money, ihe Bank prospered until 1H24. when 
 Samuel Gerard was made President. He, by his mismanagement, had 
 lost the one-third of its capital by 1827. John Molson then became 
 President, and tlie losses were redeemed in a few years ; at that time the 
 Bank paid no dividend. It occupied for the first few years of its existence 
 a small buildinn: in St. Paul street, and then moved into the much larger 
 one in St. James Street. 
 
 The building is of the Corinthian order and forms a pleasing contrast 
 to the other buildings which surround it and specially to the great Church 
 of i's'otre Dame ripht o jiosite to it. The Hculpture of the pediment 
 representing CauHdian scenes, is the work of Mr. Steel, R. S, A. Some of 
 the frescoes in the interior of the Bank are considered very fine and well 
 worthy of any strnnger visiting them whether he he business in the 
 Bank or nor. Some of our mo«*t prominent men are now associated in 
 the management of tliis great Institution, but the chief responsibility of 
 course rests on Mr. Clonston, who has so effectually managed the affairs 
 for years past and raised its well known character even higher in the 
 estimation of the general public. 
 
 The ^ew York Life Building is one of the most imposing in the City. 
 It is the highest structure perhaps in .Montreal as used for offices. Scores 
 of such are found in it and they too represent a great variety of the firms 
 of the City, notably, " the Gas Company " which has done so much for 
 the lighting of Montreal Vief ore the advent of Electricity. A line view 
 can be obtained from the top where is to be found a large library and 
 other appliances for the benefit of the offices connected with the 
 Building. 
 
 The Bank Jacques-Cartier is also worthy of notice. The whole of 
 the west side of the square consists of business centres, the most 
 important being "The Royal Insurance Company" and in its Vaults the 
 " Montreal Trust .V Deposit Company," 
 
 St. 3amC0 Street (Rue St. Jacques.) 
 
 This was the second street opened up by M. Dollier de Canon in 1674. 
 He called it after, not only. St, James the Aposlle, but especially after M. 
 Jacques Olier, one of the first founders of Montreal and one of the first 
 Sulpicians in the Seminary. St. Jnmrs street or Rue St. Jacques, begins now 
 at the Court House and takes in what was some years ago called " Little 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 117 
 
 St James Street." croHsing McGill street at Victoria S(juare it has absorbed 
 what was once linnaventure street and continues wfst as far as the City 
 Limits. Two well known H(|iiares abut it. Place dWrmcs and Victoria. 
 In the early days of Montreal, not only was tliore a Hurying (jiround in 
 Place d'Arnies but also one where stands the St Lawrence Hotel. Great 
 changes have taken place in tliis street. It can now boast of some of the 
 most beautiful and important buildings, liavks, fine (■toreu, Mecharmi's 
 Inxtitule, Insurance Buildings etc., all combining to make this street one of 
 the very best in Montreal. The widening of old Bunircnture street has 
 given a uniform breadth from tlie Court House to the fine Hunaventure 
 Station of tlie G. T. H. and the removal ^f the Amerirnn I'leobijtcrvm 
 Church and the Methodid Church to localities in the upper West End, has 
 enabled the Temple Jhiildiric/ and the large fine structure where tlio first cf 
 these Churches stood, to be erected, on the vacant sites tliey occupied 
 and thus add to tlie business of the street. 
 
 In olden time, Montrealers well knew "Tattsrsall's Horse Market" 
 Many a man was " bitten " after he supposed that ho had bought a " fine 
 Iiorse." I well remember the hubub and exitement of tlie Jehues and 
 habitants when an old plug was led forth to undergo the round of the 
 yard and the bids began to rise sometimes from two dolhirs up to ten on 
 an old animal. All is gone, horse and rider have long since passed away 
 and imposing buildings now take the place of " Tattersall's." 
 
 Little St. James street has disappeared. It is now a part of the 
 general street, but fifty years ago it was a very tony street and in it 
 resided some very good citizens, a- well as round the corner of it in St. 
 Gabriel street. I can well remember tiiat one of my flrs*^^ calls in 
 1850 was on one of the most intliiential Physicians I'r, McCullougli 
 who had his stone residence here, which stands to this day, and I never 
 yet pass the door but the recollection of that visit and the genial Doctor 
 loom up before my eyes. 
 
 Three great newspapers have their publishing offices in this street. 
 The Star. La Prcsse, La Fatrie. The Star has had a wonderful progress 
 since it started in Montreal and under the proprietorsliip and guidance 
 of Hugh Graham (once a pupil of the writer) it has far outstri})ped all 
 English papers in the Dominion. 
 
 La Pressc, has the greatest circulation of the French papers of 
 the Dominion. It is one of the most enterprising publications issued and 
 shows a progressive purpose, that makes it a recognized organ for all 
 political parties. Under the targis of its young and energetic present 
 Editor it is destined to further advance and make rapid strides in the 
 newspaper literature of Canada. 
 
 La Patrie is the recognized organ of the French Liberals as the 
 Herald is of the English speaking. 
 
118 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 When we look at our present Post Oitice and remember tlie one 
 almost oj)iJo.site and still go t'urther back to the early days we may well 
 be pioiul of it. Let our minds travel back just exactly I'K) years to the 
 year 1707 and this Is what our I'ost Ottice arrangements show. The 
 English Mail was once a month . It was sent by way of New York after 
 the final signing of Independence by (Jreat Britain, and was four 
 weeks in gt^tting to New ^'ork from Montreal to the jjacketsliij) 
 that carried it across the Atlantic. One had to wait, not four 
 weeks, but four months, before an answer was received from the 
 other side. Let us follow the answer back, of this letter, which was 
 sent to Britain four months ago. The packet returning called at Halifax, 
 whence the letter would in a month's time arrive in Montreal. We may 
 well be proud of tlie lUth century. Science, in many of its most 
 wonderful divisior)s, lay slumbering till its advent. Steam coaches, 
 stearasliips, steam mills of every description, telegraphs by land and sea, 
 telephones and phonographs, sewing machines and all the wonders by 
 electricity, iron ships and ironclads, smokeless powder, things never 
 before conceived nor thought of in the mind of man — these are the 
 inventions ot the 19th century ; and when a daily mail leaves CanaJa, 
 not only for Ureat Britain, but for France, IJermany, Belgium and a host 
 of other countries, it does seem strange to us that the postal autliorities 
 slioidd have issued this notice about this period : " Letters for any imrt 
 of the Continent of Europe are to be sent under cover to a correspondent 
 in London, otherwise they cannot be forwarded from tliis province." 
 
 The head of the Montreal Post Office is Arthur I ansereau, Esq. 
 He is one of the most prominent men of letters in Canada. Born at 
 Contrecaiur in 1844, in 186.*, he entered as a student in the office of Mr. 
 (iirouard, attended Mc(»ill College and then graduated as li. ( . L, and in 
 li"'(J5 was admitted to tlie Bar. 
 
 In 1870, he became one of tlie proj)rietor8 of La Mincrve from which 
 he retired in 18H0. In lebruary Ifi^i he was appointed Post Master of 
 Montreal. During his incumbency the whole internal economy of the 
 I uilding has been improved and the Post Office is now in a better state 
 tliau it was ever before. 
 
 The St. Lawrence Hall has not always been under the proprietorship 
 and eye of its present well known owner. 
 
 A hundred and fifty years ago, was situated where now stands the 
 St Lawrence Hall, an old cemetery. This Hotel is one of the best known 
 and most frequented Houses in the Dominion, Henry Hogan the 
 genial proprietor is as well known as his Hall but apart from this, if any 
 man deserves thanks and praise as a patriotic citizen he does. He, at 
 great risk and expense bought years ago the Gale Farms in the East end 
 of the city, then the Village of Hochelaga— and long before the C. P. R. 
 located its shops and terminus there. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 110 
 
 !Sr. LAWUKNCK IIAI.I. 
 
120 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTtlEAL. 
 
 TluH move on the part of Mr. Hogaii, was the first to develop the 
 East End and every one interested in itn development may pray tliat the 
 en«'rgetic proprietor ol' theHu acres may live long to see the realization 
 of his desires. 
 
 As Rector of ITochelaKa for 21 years, the writer knows more than 
 others of the many acts of charity and goodness which Mr. Ilogan has 
 done all creeds, when he hecame the largest Real Estate owner in tliat 
 municipality. 
 
 The Temple liuilding is built on the site of the Methodist Church which 
 has been removed to St. Catherine street. A great number of ofllces are 
 found in this vast pile, including all the different phases of business 
 life. It is one of the most imposing buildings in the city and a great 
 addition to tlie many tine structures in St. James street. 
 
 i!eside it, is the Guardian Building also containing many oftices. 
 The Standard lluilding is one of the finest in Canada and contains not 
 only the headquarters of that Institution for Eastern Canada, but also a 
 Bank and many offices. 
 
 'I he Mercliants Bank was established in I8fi4, with Hugh Allan as 
 President and Jackson Rae as Cat-hier and occupied the premises on 
 Place d'Armes now belonging to the Royal Insurance Co., the new 
 Building on St. James street was completed in the fall of the year 
 
 1^7;!. 
 
 In 1H77, the well known present Manager George Hague Esq. 
 wits called upon to take tlie management of the Bank and the I onorable 
 John Hamilton was elected President, which offiu-e ho filled till 1XH2. 
 
 Sir 1 ugh Allan was then again made President but died a few 
 months afterwards. He was succeeded by Mr. Andrew Allan, his 
 Brother, who still holds the position. 
 
 The Mechanic's Institute is one of the few Libmries in Montreal, 
 There are about Iv, 000 volumes on the shelves. '1 he Reading Room, is 
 well patronized bv the Public, but the Institution is not in that flour- 
 ishing condition it should be in. Some years ago a large I 'otel 1 he Ottawa, 
 stood on the same side of the street nearer the trquaie, now made into 
 shops and offices. 
 
 One of our oldest and best known citizens has his place of business in 
 this street, Charles Alexander, He is now 82 years of age but yet hale 
 and hearty and attends to his ( uties in his large establishments in this 
 and St. C atherine streets as any young man of half his age. But it is as 
 a large hearted citizen that his name will ever stand in the annals of 
 Montreal. He entirely built " The Boy's H ome " a fine Institution for 
 destitute boys and such like, and he is intimately connected with several 
 Benevolent Societies. He has done a great amount of good. His sons 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 in 
 
12!^ 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 meikjiiant's i-.ank. 
 
I ' 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 Itt 
 
 now nlmoHt entirely conduct tiie bunincss. Wo are k''*'* to place a 
 rec'ord of this indnHtry iu St. Jhiiics strcut as a slight rc.iovrnition of a 
 wortliy man and one who whs once one of the Aldermen of the City, bh 
 well as one of its MemberH of I'nrlianieMt at (Quebec. 
 
 There is perhapn no store in tlie city, tlie external anil internal 
 appearance of which is u)ore suxuestive of elcfjance and solidity than 
 that of K. Ilenisley'H, niHnnfactnring jeweller, 'i'tfi and :.'57 St. James 
 Street. 'I'ho spacious windows alone contain richer .stock than an 
 ordinary sized jjewelry store, while the inside is a revolution. 
 Counters of solid, shining |)late ^rlass, top and sides, run along either 
 side of the retail department, and answer the double pur|)ose of counter 
 and show case. Upon their crystal shelves, witliin. is exposed to view a 
 collection of rare and precious gems, and of Jewelry, cutlery, and 
 China and silverware, etc,, the most beautiful that money can ))urciiase, 
 or art tlevise.^ 
 
 Pardonable as woultl be any pride which Mr. Hemsley might evince 
 in the arrangement of his store, or in tlie comjilcte selection of stock 
 there to be seen, it is in the nuinufactory that he takes the greatest 
 interest. Here it is tiiat those beatifid and ar(i>tic souvenir sjjoons, 
 and the enamelled cufflinks, stick pins and hat jjins, brooches and other 
 jewelry, everywhere to bo seen, are designed and finished. Mr. Hemsley 
 fctarted this venture l«'>-s than half a do/en years ago. and by his persev- 
 erance and originality has made the field practically his own. Year by 
 year the industry has grown, and the ever enlarging factory is being 
 pushed to its utmost capacity to supply the demand for those beautiful 
 articles. 
 
 Mr. Hemsley now has the Canadian field pretty much to limself, 
 and has invaded the American and British maikets, and is about to 
 export to Australia. 
 
 The whole system ef manufacturing has been originated and perfect- 
 ed by experiments conducted by himself. 
 
 Victoria Square did not always have this name. It was of old called 
 " Commissioner's Square " on account of the Commission established to 
 regulate this square and attend to tlie wharves of the river, Vience the 
 street opened up between St. Paul street and the river received also the 
 same name. When the monument to Her Majesty was erected in this 
 Square the name was changed to Victoria. (Jreat events have been 
 enacted here, witness the Gavazzi Riots, the Orunge Riots and such 
 like, and we can recollect the imposing St. Patrick's Hall, at the east 
 corner of it where the writer organized a Scotch concert and by the 
 kindness of Col. Fielding , the splendid Band of the Rifle Brigade played 
 for the last timef in Montreal. This was just after the Red River 
 Expedition nnder Col. Wolselev now (fjord) and Generalissimo of the 
 
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 lUHTOUY OF MONTKEAL, 
 
ITISTOHY OF MONTUKAL, 
 
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118 
 
 IIISTOIIV OF MONTUKAL 
 
HfsTOUY OP MONTIlRAr. 
 
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 G. T. K. STATiON. 
 
 iiiiKA&k,',, :.:-<> .■■;S?'ilW!i&jk:^JW:tfiI{?PS ¥'■•:". . 
 
^PWIwa 
 
 'W 
 
 MiaTOIlY (JK MONTUKAL 
 
 HrltiNli Army. A fnw dnyM only nfter ihnt I'oiicnrt the mwt fell in niui 
 tli« biiildiiiK ^viiN (lumoliHlied aiuI lii itN plHce are thu Itiiu storeH to b« 
 ite»n to (lity. 
 
 All rontul tlin Hqimr« are noine fln« rown of Ntonn hulldlnKn, con- 
 ipitMioiiN iiinoiiK wliicli nrn wlint whm once the V.M.C. AHHOfiatioii Kontiis 
 now oi'(;u|ilml iin n MiiMin(«NN CoIIoku. At the corner of the Square «)n 
 8t. JnnieM Htreet went once hUmmI a large Motel " St. JanieN." A ^reitt fire 
 with loNH of life, left it hi ruinii. Now|b large handMonie block haH been 
 erected where it Htood. 
 
 Heaver Hall Mill In early thnen at or near where St. Andrew'H(!hurch 
 now Ih, had a large reMidencc erected acroHH the ntreet and aH itH propriet«)r 
 WHN one of the leading npirttH in the North WeMt Fur Company, and the 
 principal |>eltry wan Meavcr, preNiunFilily he gave that name to hln 
 rcHidence. Now all in changed but the name atill remahiH. 
 
 St. pm\ Street an^ Cominieeionere. 
 
 Some people imagine that tluH street waH named after St. Paul of 
 Biblical fame, but in this they make a miHtake. It was the third street 
 laid out by Nf. Oollier de (!auon, Superior of the Seminary and represent- 
 ing the " Seigneurs dc Montreal " and as a late distinguished member of 
 that body lias said of tills same Superior, it was he " (pii dutermina ces 
 aligneinentH, Hxa le parcours des ditTerentes rues et donna lea noins qui 
 ont et<i conserves j'usqua present." 
 
 He called this street after the name of the heroic founder " Paul de 
 Maisonneuve." In process of time, the Saint wan gradually put before it 
 and now it is altogether known by the name of St. Paul street. Though 
 it is still that narrow street aa in the olden time a vast amount of business 
 ia transacted within its borders. 
 
 At the Weat end, or near to it, was erected, almost immediately 
 after the commencement of the settlement of Montreal, a citadel called 
 " Pointe a CaUifra " and we may judge of tJie strength and good position 
 of thia Fort, by the fact tliat it resisted for 35 years, all the attacks of 
 the brave, but blood thirsty Iroquois Indians. Maisonneuve also built 
 in or near the Fort, several erections, for convenience or security, a 
 chapel, hospital, barracka for the garrison and a magazine for goods for 
 trading with the Savages. 
 
 In 1651, the Governor eatabliahed a common for paaturage. It was 
 40 arpents in length and under the protection of the guna of the Fort. 
 Thia common afterwards became Commi^aioners and Common streets. 
 The banks <' f the Saint Lawrence were not, as they are now, lined with 
 splendid wharves, but the waters laved the shores and the cattle tjuietly 
 walked down to the water's edge and drank without let or hindrance, 
 wbiUt the youngsters enjoyed themselves in the river. 
 
HISTORY or M0NTR8AL. 
 
 m 
 
 HonMH<H)iirM Mnrkot in tlii< iHi'^t^Mt biiihlii k in contim'tiiin with IIimnm 
 •«tret4tM, but by t'nr tli» tnoNt iiitcreNtitiK in rnnHmuMir (/liiirch, now tlio 
 (>l«l««Nt in Mitnti-Hiil. Tint MHi'k«<t still ImliN itn ii>vn itvuii now am tli« 
 |ik-inci|iiil ono of tilt* ( it\ mill on MttrkHt l>'»y it ih Ntill a sif<|it to Nctt 
 tlitf Kfi'i^t concour-iti of } Hi'diei's antl coui'try I'tiniHN, with tlii<ir vhhI 
 vni'i(«ty of prodncc. W liiit an amount oT liiiHinHSH in lionH in linnffcour 
 StirtI and Jn(*(|neM CartiMr Si|uai'o and in and aioniid the Murhl and it In 
 rnrtf if oni* cannot find <*v«m-\ tliinK "rroni a medio tonnandior" within 
 •ionie one or othiT of the Htonw at tliis part of tlm City I'ln* .Hiinio can 
 liM Naid of St I'aul Street and of tliat tine Itlock heUuiKinK to the Nuns, 
 for in it and the re»it (»f thii old Street and off ntreetH ih trannaeted a 
 vast amount of the iinnienNu liuHineHH of Montreiii not forgetting that, 
 helotiKinMr to the ilarlior is dontMii ( 'oniniiNslonerN Htroet and Common 
 Street. 
 
 One of the most important MnildinK^ in Montreal is sitnateil heie. 
 The Cnstoms House, what an amount of mone, s monthly sent to Ottawa 
 from thiM Houree. It amounts to between •'> or (I millions of (hillars an- 
 nually as the average. ThearranKt^ments are perfeet for the faeiiita- 
 tinu: of the mnltitudinons loads of gooils which pHss throuKli its gates, and 
 the City of Montreal may well be pr<Mul of its Customs ll«Mise. I hough 
 the city Ift Hituated TiOl) miles from the Atltintic Ocean the energy Hnd 
 enterprise of its merchants, have raiseii it from its infantine state to be 
 now the eighth city iti si/e in the Cuntineut of Am>tric i and when the 
 Canals and llivers are deepened in a few years to come and the divelop- 
 nients of the improvement in its Harbor witii new Mricges etc., all 
 e(<tuplete then it will become indued the great comiuercial Emporium of 
 the Dominion and the pride of every Canadian be he a citi/.eu of 
 her borders or not. 
 
 Another most im;tortant Huilding is that of the Messrs Allan's Line 
 of Steamers. Montrealera have much to thank thesc> two Urothers. Sir 
 Hugh and Andrew Allan for the commencement of that wonderful line 
 of Hteamers which bears this name, and for the many other lines uhich 
 now make i^he Port of Montreal one of the best ktiowii in the 
 World. 
 
 • ' 
 
 The old Custom's Square still remains. It is now called Place Royal. 
 Many a curious sight which the eyea of modern Montrealers never have 
 looked upon has been seen transacted in the long ago, in this siiuare 
 chief of which I may mention " The Red CroHs" 
 
 1 have ranch pleasure to present here to ray readers Mr. P. S. 
 Murphy's history of "I-a Croix Rouge."— "The Red Cross is at the corner 
 of Guy and Dorchester streets, which for a century and a quarter has so 
 prominently marked the burial place of Belisle, the murderer, and has 
 
 <,i-(>m 
 
190 
 
 HT«»TORY OF VONTREAI.. 
 
 lonK been an object of curious Hpeciilation. The popular story ia that it 
 markH the grrave of a notorious highwayman, who robbed and murdered 
 Imhitnuls returning from Montreal to St. Laurent and the back country 
 by Dorchester street, which was at that time the only liighway west of 
 So. Lawrence street. 1 his story is somewhat incorrect. Bellsle was i ot 
 a highway robber, his crime was house-breakiug and a double murder. 
 He lived on Le Grand Chemindu Hoi, now called Dorchester street, near 
 the bpot where the Red Cross stands. On the other side of the road 
 and a little higher up, Jean Favre and his wife Marle-Aune B isiiea 
 lived. Kavre was reputed to be woU off and to have money in his houne. 
 This excited the cupidity of Belisle, who formed the project of robbing 
 his neighbor, and accordingly, one dark night, broke into the htiuse and 
 fired his pistol at F'avre, when, however, only wounding him, he 
 stabbed him to ileat I with a large hunting knife. Pavre's wife ru>he I 
 in to help her hiisl)and, and was met by Belisle, who plunged the knife 
 into her breast, and then despatched her by a blow of a spade. Belisle 
 was suspected, and soon a'tur arrested, tried, convicted and condemned 
 to the terrible punishment of " breaking alive" nmipu vlf), which was 
 then in force under the Frencli regime in Canada. Belisle was condemned 
 to " torture ordinary and extraordinary," then to be broken alive on a 
 scaffold erected in the Market Place (the present Custom House Square) 
 in the city. 
 
 "This awful sentence was carried out to the letter, his body buried 
 in Guy street, and tHe Red ( ross erected to mark the spot, as fully des- 
 cribed in the following document, which is not only interesting but 
 historically valuable : 
 
 '"' Extrait da Rcqulsitoive du P ocureur du Hoi. 
 
 '• ' Je A quiers pour le Roi que Jean Baittiste Goyerdit Belisle soit 
 d^clar^ di\ment atteint et convaincu d'avoir de d ssein pr^medit^ attsas- 
 sin^ le dite Jean Favre d'un coup de pistolet et de pluaieura coups de 
 couteau, et d'avoir pariellement assassine la dite Marie-Anne Bastien, 
 r^pouse du dit Favre, a coups de b^che et dt- couteau, et de leur avoir 
 vole I'argent qui etait dans leur maison ; pour reparation de quoi il soit 
 condamn6 avoir les bras, jambes, cuisses et reins rompus vifs sur un 
 ^chafaud qui, pour cet effet. sera dress^ en la place du march^ de cette 
 ville, k midi ; ensuite sur une roue, la face tournee vers le ciel, pour y 
 flnir ses jours. Le dit Jean Baptiste Goyer dit Belisle prealablement 
 applique k la question ordinaire et extraordinaire; cefait. son corps mort 
 porte par I'ex^cuteur de la haute justice sur le grand chemin qui est entre 
 la maison ou demeurait le dit accuseet celle qu'occupaient les dits de- 
 flints Favre et sa femme, Les bieus du dit Jean Baptiste Goyer dit 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 131 
 
 Helisle acqiUH et couiisquos an Roi, on i\ q<ti il appai-tieiiira stir ieeiix, on 
 ^ coiix mm siiietH a coiifiscation, prrilabloment pris la somme de troh 
 cents livres d'aiuenJu, en caH que eouliscation n'ait pas 'ieii on profic de 
 Sa Majestt'. 
 
 •* • Fait a Montreal le Juin 1752. 
 
 " ' CSign6,) 
 
 " TOUCHER.'" 
 
 Tills history of tlie '* Rel Cross" was narrated to Mr, Murphy, 
 nearly fifty years ago. by tlie widow of Louis H ilditnand, a nephew of 
 General ilaldiiuaad. once Governor of C-vnida. This lady was born 
 in 1771, and heard the story from her mother, who lived near " la Place 
 du Mircho " (present Custom House Square) when the execution took 
 place. 
 
 Older citizens can annually remember the great piling of ice blocks 
 in Spring (when the St. Lawrence breaks up) and in the reco!': n of 
 many how that sometimes on Commissioner street, these ice shove. !ed 
 up to the height nearly of the top of the houses. Connected with Jiis, 
 were the great Hoods of Grittlntown, when at the last one, the waters in 
 McGill street reached up near to Notre Dame and Ch.iboillez Square and 
 a hundred of streets were submerged. All this is now obviated but at 
 an immense cost to the city, and when the new improvements in the 
 Harbor are completed and the ugly rampart along the length of Conj- 
 missioners street removed, our Harbor will bo one of the brightest and 
 best on the continent. 
 
 Lot us now retrace not only our steps but imagination to the time 
 when the first Church in Montreal was built. It still stands, the Old 
 Bonsecours, but 'rs present improvements, to many, have rather depre- 
 ciated it, than made it appear better. However a good engraving of the 
 old Church is given in this Book, for after generations to see the great 
 building as it stood over two centuries ago. It was built in 1673 by the 
 celebrated Sanir Marguerite Bourgeois and since then many a fervent 
 prayer h s gone up in its sacred " precincts to God Almighty for preser- 
 vation from remorseless Indians (Iroquois), foreign Invaders, and perils 
 by fire, water and wind. Some Iconoclasts, a few years ago, in what 
 tliey declared was to be for the advantage of the city, planned the 
 demolition of this old memorial and all that part of the street eaet and 
 north, that I hope is past and may the old Bonsecour Church still, for 
 long years to come receive the prayers of the faithful, for " good 
 succour " in their undertakings or for those of them, most dear to the 
 suppliant, kneeling devuutely at the shrine of the Patron Saint of 
 Moutreali 
 
1^ 
 
 lll'^TOHY OK " ONTKEaI,. 
 
 BOSHECOUivS CHURCH. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 \m 
 
 III this street, St. I'tiiil. wen; three renidences of very great import- 
 ance in these early days, 'liie 1st of course was that of the Founder of 
 Montreal. It was called the residence. It was built in A. D. 1050, in 
 the spot where now stands the ;j;reat store of Messrs, FrothinKham ik 
 Workman. It measured 70 feet front by 24 feot deep. From 1659 to 
 ITli it was occupied by four missionaries, priests of the Seminarj of 
 St. Sulpice of Paris and in 1^50 was demolished. 
 
 Another old buiMinj? was the (Chateau Vaudreuil. It was erected in 
 St. I'aul street near .latuiues Cartier Square. The corner stone was laid 
 on the 15th May 1T2S by Madame I'hilippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil. On 
 the Ist October 177.'^ it was destroyed by fire. 
 
 The other old Building must be mentioned " L'Intendance." 
 
 This Palace was louilt in lOOS and torn down in 1793. It stood near 
 St. Viateur street, between St. Paul and Commissioners streets and was 
 the .seat of the civic administration of the city and Island of Montreal as 
 well as of the adjacent parishes. Its dimensions were 104 feet long by 
 30 feet in depth." 
 
 A very interesting paper by R. C. Lyman, Esq., of St. Paul street 
 on "Under Montreal" was read before theNumismatic and Antiquarian 
 Society of Montreal some years ago, when an underground passage was 
 discovered in St. Paul street. After careful investigation it was found 
 that it belonged to the old Hotel Dieu. Mr. P. S. Murphy concisely and 
 forcibly explained its aventnreand significance. This Hotel Dieu property 
 once ran as far as St. Sulpice street and what was then called little St. 
 Joseph street and to the property eastward belonging to the " Sisters of 
 the Congregation and from the Hanks of the St. Lawrence back or rather 
 up to very near Notre Dame street. 
 
 " In building their Laundry '* la Buanderie " they naturally placed it 
 not far from the river." When St. Paul street was really opened it 
 naturally happened that it cut the Main Buildings and their out houses 
 in two parts. In this exigency they conceived the idea of carrying it 
 under the street hence this old tunnel (lately discovered) but the purpose 
 and the construction have given rise to a great amount of speculation and 
 absurdity. 
 
 The principal wholesale firms doing business in Montreal in 1S16 
 were McGillivray, Thain iV? Co., otherwise called the " North-West 
 Company;" Forsythe, Richardson V Co., who were agents of the East 
 India Company ; Maitland, (iarden & Auldjo ; Gerard, Gillespie, Moffat. 
 & Co., then agents Phtwiix Fire Insurance Co., of London; H. Gates & Co. 
 Allison, Turner & Co.; Desrivieres, Blackwood i& Co.. Blackwood, La- 
 Roque &.Co.; Robinson, Ma.sson <& Co.; Hector Russel «)> Co., — the great 
 
134 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL 
 
 rotiiil (Irv Roodn house of that time, Miller, Parla e t Co. James Miller 
 left tile lirm in 1^111 ami enjfaKed exclusively in Hhipbuildiiij?, (iiid was 
 really the founder of the Aliiiu Hue of Mteamsliips : James M(d)ouKall v 
 Co., met-ehants and brokers : Hart, Logan & Co. ; Geo Piatt iS: Co., harcl- 
 ware ; J, v J. M. FrothiuKli un, h irdward, now existing? as ''"rothiimliam 
 <S: Workman. J. T. Harette hardware ; Jaeob DeWitt, hardware. Lewis 
 Lyman, druKRint, the founder of tlie present house of Lyman. Sons Co.; 
 Day. (lelston s Co., druKgist, Mr. Day being the father of the late Judge 
 Day; Wadsworth iV Niehols, druggists; rhomis an I John Toirance, 
 wholsale and retail grocers ; Bowman >Sc Smith grocers; Zabdiel Thayer, 
 crockery, Tonssaint Peltier, grain merchant; Felix Souligny, do; Nider 
 Aird & White, auctioneers ; M, C. Cuvillier ^t Co., do., and Bridge >S: 
 Penn, do. Most of these firms did what would even now be called a very 
 large business, and many of the men composing them were reputed 
 wealtliy. The possession of $25,000 in those days made a rich man, and 
 $10(l,(J()U a very wealtliy man. 
 
 Among the very many large firms now doing business in St. Paul street 
 may be mentioned. The TifHins, Jaccjues Grenier, once Mayor of Montreal- 
 'i he Mudous, and in the Nuns Block; The Rubber Co.; Jiuntin's Paper 
 Co. and Hodson, Summer \ Co. Two old firms stand prominently out J. G. 
 McKenzie and Frothingham tV Workman, whilst the Wighman Co, and 
 B, J. Cogiilin require more than a passing glance. Nearer to McGill street 
 the stores and ebtablishnu nts are represented by Green the great furrier 
 and in olden times this part of the street was as busy as that of the east 
 end. 
 
 St. 3francoi0 lavicr street. 
 
 ihe six intersecting streets viz; St. Francois Xavii-r, St. Sulpice, St. 
 Lambert, St. Peter, St Gabriel, and St. Vincent were all laid out by 
 Poiiei de Canon, as short cuts to reacli the three main avenues vvliich he 
 had before traced out in tlie old Town. St. Francis was the name by 
 which the first was called, but tlie name was changed by Hishop Laval 
 in honor of St. Francois Xivier, one of the most distinguished Jesuit 
 Missionaries to China and the East. This last name it still retains. It 
 may well be called " The Wall street of Montreal" A vast amount ( f 
 business is daily transacted within its borders. The Great Telegraph 
 Companies, also the Express companies are in this street. A number of 
 Insurance oflices are found in it chief of which is the large establishment 
 of Major I'ond's. It still is one of the narrow streets of Montreal. I he old 
 Exchange Bank was at the corner of this street and Notre Dame, and is 
 now used by a number of different offices. 
 
I ^ '-^'- -<' --^ • 
 
 ttrstORY of MONTREAL. 
 
 m 
 
 X 
 -3 
 
 > 
 
188 
 
 HISTOHA' OF MONTREAL. 
 
 St. (BabricI street. 
 
 This Street received itw name, not from the Holy AiclianKed but 
 From Hnd in honor of M (Jabriel Qneylus tlie lirnt Cjire of \ontr<Hl 
 Mnd also from M. (Jabriel Souart who was his immediate suft'essor. 
 About the middle of tliis century, tliis street was one of the faHliionable 
 dwelling placeH of Montreal. Dr. Sevvell, Dr. Maofulloch, V. (Jrifliu Q.C., 
 Mr. S. (Jerard, President of tiie Itank of Montreal and Dr. Ross Q.C., alj 
 lived in tluH street, and to this day in some of the sliort streets running 
 from it to Jac(juos Cartier Square can be seen what really old Montreal 
 looked like, as very many of the houses there still remain. 
 
 St. IDlncent street. 
 
 'I his street was originaly c died St. Charles in honor of M. Charles 
 Lemoyne, who had rendered great services to Canada. It was after- 
 wards changed to its present name. 
 
 St. TLambert street. 
 
 It was so called in honor of Lambert Closse, who was killed just at 
 the corner of the street and Notre Dame by the Indians. 
 
 St. 3o0epb street. 
 
 It is now called St. Sulpice street from the fact that on its side, it 
 bounds the Church and the buildings in the rear. A great amount of 
 business is done in this street and the short ones running off it to the 
 east. Surrounded by some of these streets are the large Buildings of the 
 Sisters of the Congregational Nunnery. 
 
 On the other side of the Parish Church are two of tho six streets 
 traced out by M. Dollier de Canon. 1 he first has already been n entioned. 
 St. Peter street was named not only from " I he Prince of' the 
 Apostles," but in compliment to M. de Kaucoup, one of the earliest 
 settlers of .\1 ontreal. . , . 
 
 St Sacrament an& "toospital streets. 
 
 They both dorived their names, the first from the sacred Host and 
 Pyx being kept in that street and the otlier from the hospital wliich 
 the Founder Maisonneuve built in it, in the earliest days of the History 
 of Montreal. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTRKAL. 
 
 137 
 
 Quito a wonderful Hiiildin^i; has been erected in tlie raidnt of those 
 Htreets iiirlndin^ St. NichoiaM. " Tlie Board of Trade liuiidin^ " Ih one of 
 the lar^eHt of its kind and containinx not ordy tlit« Boarci RoomH, et<'., but 
 HcoreH of otVicen ainontc which are found many of the most influential 
 Mercliants and SliipperH of th« city. Other lar(?o centres of Trade are 
 seen all around. KaciuK the foot of one or two of the.so streets is seen 
 Ht. Ann's Market, the old Parliament HuilditiKH burned in IStOon account 
 of tlio passing of the obnoxious IndemniHcation Mill. W. W. 
 O^ilvie's splendid Huilditi)j: is a proof of tlie Ki'^'^t strides made in 
 western Rrain, wiien his first venture was 5(10 bushels of Mftnitoba wheat. 
 The Custom liouse and iMlan's otliceu hide the wharves at this point 
 from view. 
 
 Another narrow street is that of St, John. A large business is here 
 ever canied on iji this street and in it are touni some very important 
 firms. Another street Ht Helen is Uecollet street of old where stood some 
 of the lirst KuRli'^h Churclies, as for instance, the old Baptist church, Old 
 St Paul's cliyrch and others. At its entrance on the site of which is 
 now a larjje Commercial Ptuilding stood the Recollet Church and out 
 buildings. It should have been preserved. In this Church at the close of 
 last century. tlie good priests allowed both Episcopalians and Presbyterians 
 to hold their services till their own places of worship were built. 
 
 These are mostly all the streets of any importance till we come to 
 McGill street and yet they comprehended the old Town of Monlrehl. 
 How changed from these days is the an a of our City, East, west and 
 north for miles from Place Royal as the centre or from Place d'Arraes 
 thousands of immense buildings, Religious, P^ducational, Commercial and 
 private have sprung up and are yearly being built ami the day will comn 
 when the Old Parish of Montreal will be all absorbed in the City of 
 Montreal of the 20th century. 
 
 flDc(BiU street 
 
 •V' 
 
 This Street was called, not after the well known figure seen in 
 Montreal 50 years ago Honorable Peter McGill. but from an old inhab- 
 itant at the beginning of this century who had his residence in the city 
 and whose name will ever be associated in McGill College and this street, 
 Honorable James McGill. He was a prominent citizen and his name is 
 often mentioned in the old Records as a Justice of the Peace, a member 
 of the Government and also as holding many offices. 
 
 We find him one of the Commissioners appointed to open up St. 
 Joseph street as far as Chaboille/, Square: also in the same position, to 
 see to the demolition of the old walls of Montreal. We find liim with 
 others petitioning the Government to reduce the annual tax on the 
 English Cemetery wJiich stood, where now stands, " The St. Lawrence 
 Hall " and other buildings. 
 
186 
 
 itlSTORY OF MONtRfiAt. 
 
 ■ Jti.i I. ■ ■ Jfrnm* 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 M 
 
 Ah a mitrchant he waH oiut of tlie larKHHt in those dnyH in Montreal. 
 The followinK Table will hIiow the extent of Iuh cuniniercial traiiHautionH 
 for a year. WemuKt reniemlier that in these early days and the close of 
 the last ctMitnrv the nierchantH wen? r«HHiired to ^et pennisHlon to hiiy 
 a (pertain (|uantity of K'""l^ '^■■'■'■'^lly- I his refers to ^rain and produce 
 d <alers, what now wotdd our tna,^nate nierciiantH think at the cloHe of this 
 century to be hu restricted. The following names, bring well known 
 oil Hrms to ones recollection of that early date. 
 
 Messrs. Todd & McGill 
 L. Erinatinger 
 Gabriel Cote 
 Hypolite Desrivieres 
 M. Blondeau 
 Chas. Cbaboillcz 
 Jos. Sauguinet 
 
 1V)KK Fl.Ol H BiHCUlT 
 I.UH. LHS. I.H.S. 
 
 6,000—2,000—10,000 
 
 4,000—2,000 
 
 2,000—1,000— 3,600 
 
 4,000—1,000— 1,800 
 
 1,000—1,000— 1,800 
 
 600—6,000— 1,800 
 
 600— l.OUO— 1,000 
 
 These orders were given in May 178(1 by the Court. 
 
 It is reported that quite an emulation sprang up between .Tames 
 Mctiill and another of the Commissioners supposed to be Chaboillez.whose 
 name should be given to this street. McGill prevailed as we all know 
 from the present name of the street. In the above list we can see names 
 of Merchants, who gave their names to streets of tliis City, but these 
 names (like some others) liave never changed, as Cote, Dosriviers, Lha- 
 boillez Square and Sanguinet streets. 
 
 Many clumgos have taken place from the time it was "terra incognitn." 
 Now it is one of the most well known streets in the City, containing 
 very many large and influential business establishments, and one of the 
 oldest Hotels. 
 
 Long ago the Grey-Nunnery Hanked its lower end and it was near there 
 that the first fort in Montreal was built, " Pointe a Calliers" and where 
 the intreped Lambert Closse with a brave band utterly exterminated a 
 column of Iroquois, who had attacked tlie fort, coming from the wood 
 and swamps, which then only met the view, but where to-day are the 
 Liichiue Canal, I'oint St. ("harles aid Griitintown. 
 
 The Grey Nunnery, Les Scaurs Crises, was always a building which 
 attracted attention when any one landed at the foot of McGill Street 
 and passed it. lu was founded iu 1753, by Madame Youville. Nothing 
 
140 
 
 aiBTORT OF MUSTRRAL 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 
 ,11. 
 
 • • 1 
 
II ISTOWY (>l'" MONTKKAI. 
 
 141 
 
 (itild 1)1) 111(11'*; ii|i|ii'0|ii'!ti((Mliiiii IIhi iiiscriptldii uliii-li wis scnii cm t?ii' 
 j;ii((!\\ay rroiit of tlm ('liiiiicl aii'l \\ liicli was ocrasioiK'il l»y lln- I'iiIIdw in;; 
 (■ir('iiM->tMiH'i>. 
 
 Tlu) iiisci ijitioii u MS, 
 
 " llopilal (ii'iifiral tlos Hd-iirH (irisos 
 
 fouiutttd 1755. 
 
 " Moil I'cic ot ma Mtud in'tuil abaiidoiiiir iiiaiH Lc Si!i;^ii(Mir iihi 
 ritciioilli. I'm. 2(i. 
 
 TIiH cii-cuiiistaiu'o of tlih inscription was tliis. In tluiyoar 177r>, Mdc 
 Vonvilli) was k"'"K into '{'own on Instiliitinn bnsin<;ss. Wjicn sIm caii't! 
 to till! " I.ittlt; Hivifr" wliicli was tliciii ojkmi and iiiifovcrt'd, (now oik; of 
 till! city drains) sIip Haw an infant stuck fro/.cn into the ice with a 
 dagKt'i' stickiii},' in its throat and oik; of its little hands raised tliroii(,di 
 tlio ico lis if in tho uttitiidc of iniplorin;; jiisticd and thu vongoan :u of 
 Ihtaven against its niurdLM'cr. 
 
 This so Nliockcd tlio good Sister, that after consultation witli licr 
 associat(!s, they detcrminud tliat tlu^ir charitj' sjiould luiiiceforth extend 
 to ()r)>linns and Foundlings as well as the aged and suffering iuririn. 
 
 No ono can calculate tho iiuincasurablc niuonnt of good which tliey 
 have done since tlien and tlioir groat estahlishinent, now translated 
 between St. C!atherino and Dorchester streets, still lias its doors open, 
 night and day, to all who nood protection and help. 
 
 In all tho distress and epi<leinics which have fallen on Montreal for 
 li)0 years these good Sisters "The Grey Nuns" have ever and always 
 been in the van of the fight and if little wordly praise and advancement 
 have accrued to tlicni, tlieir reward is hereafter. 
 
 St. Ann's Market was tho old Parliament IJuildings before they were 
 burned. 
 
 This incident is described in tlie following sticciiK^t sketcli -and I 
 may add beft)re it, that if the fanatics who Icil the crowd, had themselves 
 «)nly known the future mischief and loss to the city they were bringing 
 on, tliey would liave paused before tluur senseless and foolish action. 
 
 What lias N'ontreal lost by this idioti< burst of s|)leen and anger y 
 Millions of dollars, for tliis daj' the Parliament would have been lieltl in 
 this city and when Confederation came, instead of an out of the w ly 
 place like Ottawa, being the metropolis of Canada, our own fair city 
 woidd have been tlio spot aod thus for ever rAinained not only as it is 
 to-day, st) far ahead of all the other cities of tho iKuiiinion ; but the Hub 
 ftnd the Centre, ns it is geographically jilaced. of inland and ocean 
 navigation and the ruling power of the whole lUmiiuion aiu! tlie Caj)ital 
 of t]io same. 
 
 
142 
 
 Ills'irniY (»1' Mn\TlJi;AI, 
 
 Dmiii); I III' Ni'ssiiiii iiT r.tt'li uiii III in l<lti, n Mill \\ i-t inlntiluicil (iml 
 IviihimI |irii\ liJiii^; I'lir (III- |) lynifiit nf Im-mi-s siisl fiin.-il i|iiiiii>: ilii> Hi'li.l 
 litiii. 'rin- III ii i-li iiili iliiriiil". w .'ic ill liirmiil lli;il any siicli liill mIiuhIiI 
 hiiv»» liiTii iiil I oilii. 1' I, ami cvciv imaiis w.-in liKi-ii to |ti'tn-i-n( its 
 piixM.i^'.' tlii(.ii|;li (111- Ildii^f. W li.ii ii hill h.'fii |ii'-s(m|, jri'i'il iiiixirt.y 
 \\i\H niaiiirr-tiMl a-i to wln-tliiM it wmilil ii-ci-ivo llm N.uKliun til' tliu 
 (JiiViTiiiM' (IciKial. On \\'i'ilii(-il\\ , till- •.'."itli April, II <l.iy >\lii(Ii will hn 
 joii^' iiott'd in tlii> Miinals nl' oiii' ciiy, Lniil l<;i^;in prnct'itdcil (n tlM> 
 I'ailiMiin'nl llnnc (<• saiictiim tin' m-w (aiilV, iiml «)tliri' A(•l^. Altoiit 
 live (I'cltiiK in (lie aft 'I'lioon lii> -jiict iniiiMl a ii^imiIkm' of Mills, an I anions 
 (licin was (ln> oliji'i-Moii ililc H'.'bi'llioii Mill. Nn smiici h t I ilin Mill 
 bi'foino \i\\\ tli'iti llii! inftinrvti'in was i-onvoyn I t.» tlio t;n»w Is in 
 waitinj;: oiitxiili* nf (lie liniMiiiK. iiiitl \\ lii'ii His Mxcc'lliMicy iippriiriMl lit! 
 Was rt'rrivi'il with j,'ri)Mnis ainl jicltfil willi Mdnirs ami f^'K"^- 'I'lui i«x- 
 citiMuont WHS int(iisi\ I'rinti'il iiotii'i's woi'o posted in vatious parts 
 of iho city, calliiiK ''V tiniss imu'linK to hn held imincdiiitrly on tlio 
 ("hani)) dc Mars, and by i-ij^dit o'clock an inmicnsn nninlicr of persons had 
 asscnihlcd, when, afu-r suiik* stron;; ri'-olnt ions hud Ijcen passed, tlie ery 
 >VH.s raised "To the I'arliainent MiiildiiiK^." 
 
 Tho Honso of Assembly \\ a- en^'fi^ed in diseiissiiiK the Jndieatnre 
 Mill, when a loud shout K'^ve the ineniberH warning that a riot was 
 fiirinenf iii>; outside, A nnniber of stones wertt ii(»\\ thrown throned) 
 the windows, and in a sliorl time there were but f»!W s(] mil es t)f jjIasM left 
 unbroken in the whole ran^'e of the building. 
 
 My this time the iiioiubers had all rotreated, when about a dozen 
 ))ersuiis (Mitered the AsstMiibly Hall, and one of them boldly seated 
 himself in tlit; Sjitsiker's chair, and muttered souiethin;,' about dissolving 
 the railiamenl, iJie otlims tlicii i-ommeneed the work of demolishing 
 r'I that came Viefore them, sticks being thrown at thu glass globo(i on the 
 gasaliers wliicli were beyond their reach. ■ ■ •' 
 
 Th(! cry of lire was now laiscd, an I it w as diseoveiod that the build- 
 ing had been lired b^' seme of the mob. 'I he fire sjiread with great 
 rajiidity, and in half an hour tlie wlioht buildin,:; was wra])ped in a 
 Hhe(;t of llame. .No attewipt ^\ as made to save the building, and the 
 ungimts were only used upon flic surrounding jiro]ierty. My this liro 
 the valuable librai'\. eonlaininf t arclii\ es aiul records of the colony 
 for over a <ent.ury, was eompleiely tlestroyed. Ihe only article saved 
 was tile niMci! belonging to tin; Lower I'oiisi'. The party wJio .saved tiic 
 maei! carri(?d it to l)oiii',;ani's Holil, and dolivered it to Sir Allan McXab. 
 
 'J"ho molj no',\ j)roceeded to tin le-'idt-nee of Mi'. Lafoiitaine, and set 
 it on lire, 'nid thiou;.'li tli(^ ell'oi t- ot ^omi- t»t the cili/.eiis the flames u'ere 
 exiingiiishel, but the whole of tlie fiirnit ure and library wfie completely 
 di'iiKtlislied. Several other Iiouse-, oeeiipied by obno.vious nuunbcrs of 
 the J'arliament, were ai-^o destroyed. 
 
HlSTOItV OF MONTKKAL. 
 
 143 
 
 It wan fHHrml tliiit tli« Oovnrnor miK^it N(ifT»tr from tlid violt^noit <if 
 the mob. M«< thurefore left IiIn ruHiduiice at MoiiklniidH ami rHiimiiiHil in 
 thu city under the proteotioti of a body of inilitH- 
 
 On the .'fltli. Nfe«)srH. Murk, Howard, Furri- and Perry, wire arrHsfc^d 
 00 tile viiarKe of arson, and wurti comniitttut for trial. A crowd 
 of nearly 3000 perwmit aucumpaaied them tu jail but nu vU)lencu wuh 
 Nhown. 
 
 The I'arllament ItuildiuK deH^royod during thh riot, was oriKiinilly 
 the Ht. Ann'H market, the Interior of which had been reniodHlled fo>- 
 the uccoinino<iation of the LetfiHlature. It wan ',]\i feet in IcnKtJ) ly 
 .'>0 in width, the central portion projectinK four feet beyond the win^n. 
 It war* constructed of Montreal limeHtone, and thonKh plain, itH only 
 ornaments being a portico at either end, presented an efTective ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 M<-Gill Mtreet has nome very larf^e and energetic business centreH und 
 one or two of our oldeiit citixena have their Htores in thi^ street. 
 
 Craio Street. 
 
 In the days of Montreal'H earliest History, and oven some are yet 
 livioff Who remember not Craig street of to-day but a sluKRish creek, 
 spanned by little wooden bridges at St. Lawrence Main and HIcnry 
 streets. Beyond this all was "sporting regions." This street dates from 
 the early years of this century only. It was called after (Jovernor I raig. 
 Even in H1(J it was such a creek, that Viger Gardens or Sipiare was then 
 a swamp. About St. Louis street was a small deep pond, the resort of 
 muskrats and waterfowl. This pond at last was Hlled up by taking 
 material in levelling the street (Notre Dame) from Bonsecours to 
 Oalhousie Stpiare and dumping it into the hole, thus fill ,., it 
 up and forming the two streets of the present day, St. Louis and Champ 
 de Mars. 
 
 ; Craig street now extends from the Goa' to St. Antoine street. It is 
 one of tlie widest in the city and underneath it runs the Craig Street 
 Tunnel, the main sewer of the City of Montreal. 
 
 A large number of important business centres are in this street, some 
 of which rival any other city in amount of enterprise and energy. Two 
 of our largest p&per firms, the celebrated Lauren tiaii Baths, the Mr-M 
 Shei^ and last but not least the offices of the useful, comfortable and cheap 
 City Passenger Railway, not forgetting the old papers the Ga/.ette, the 
 Herald and the Witness are all in this street. 
 
 Two squares abut on this street, Papineau and Viger. They are 
 spoken of in another part of this volume. 
 
mm 
 
 144 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 From CraiK street, run north, many streetH, all very narrow and of 
 little consequence save that in some of them there are iniportHiit 
 manufactures. Two of thera are called after heroes of the Plains of 
 Abraliam, Wolfe and Montcalm; one received its name from a well 
 known notary, others called after different saints in tiie (Calendar. The 
 principal two streets St. Liwrence and Bleury will be written by them- 
 selves as we proceed. At the far east end of tins street is l)e Lorimier 
 Avenue, once called Coiborne, but now ciianged to its present name in 
 commemoration of the death of Chevalier Le Lorimier, the last of the 
 twelve Patriots who were handed in \<S;}S-i< The street called 
 Papineau Road, from the celebrated family of tliat name, runs from the 
 square now ervlled Papineau Avenue noroh to the city limits. Tr.is road 
 was formerly of bad repute and many worthless cliaracters resorted 
 there, all is now chaufjed. It contains the old Military cemetery and 
 Biiryinj? Ground which should be held sacred in the eyes of all Montreal 
 and kept from desecration as a venerable spot. It is still Im])erial 
 property. 
 
 One of the most important tilings belonjjring to the city lies in 
 the narrow neck of ground between this street Craig and Notre Dame, 
 the pumping house, which does good work especially in tlie Spring, 
 when the River rises and fills up the drains to the imminent risk of 
 flooding. 
 
 One of the finest blocks in the street stands opposite to the Montreal 
 Street Railway and which for years before the M. S. R. built their own 
 fine offices was used as tlieir offices. This is the Wilson Block, called 
 from one ox the most energetic Mayors that ever sat in the civic chair. 
 The great property which he left is ably superintended by his Son-in- 
 Law, Mr. Beaucharap a man well known in the city and ever ready to 
 advance any undertaking tliat may redound to the development of 
 Montreal. 
 
 The Garth Establishment is one of the oldest in Montreal and one of 
 the largest. Over all the contir'.ent their manufactured goods have 
 found a way and to-day their business extends everywhere. Charles 
 Garth is one of the oldest living citizens of Montreal, still full of life and 
 vigour, connected with many of the great establishments as Director or 
 otlierwise but intimately bound up in his own Church, the Church of 
 England of which he has been a consistent and loyal member to tlie 
 Writer's knowledge for nearly the past half century. 
 
 The Canada Paper Co. has its large establishment in this street and 
 nothing more can be said of its beautiful productions than that all the 
 p>iper of this Book, as fine paper as can be procured in America came 
 from this establishment. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 146 
 
 WM't;n: 
 
146 
 
 HI8T0RY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Another very great establiHhment ia that of J. C. Wilson & Co. also 
 one of onr largeHt paper nianufacturera. His great mills are at Lachute 
 and any one passing his building in Craig street nuist be struck with 
 the peculiar kind of freestone of which it is built. It is tho only one of 
 its kind in the city and reflects high credit on the enterprising prop- 
 rietor for utilizing our own Canadian Sandstone (freestone) and not 
 importing a.s so many have done, foreign material, when our own 
 Dominion will and can supply every mineral ore and building stone 
 required, but it just exemplifies the old Scriptural adage, "a prophet has 
 no honor in his own country." 
 
 The two oldest papers in Montreal are found on this street. The 
 *' Gazette " and the " Herald," The former was the first paper j)ublished 
 in Montreal or perhaps Canada. 
 
 The newspaper press of Montreal, like the inhabitants, is subdivided 
 into English and French. The English papers are the more import mt, 
 and are widely read by the French population. There is one morning' 
 and three evening papers, namely: The "Gazette," "Herald," "Star," 
 and " Witness," Tiie "Gazette" was founded in 1778 by Fleury de 
 Mesplet, and in 3 82S it was published each Monday and Thursday by 
 Robert Armour, in twenty-fiitu* colnmns. In 1833, under the editorsliip 
 of Andrew Armour, it was pnblished twice each week. Andrew 
 Armour took Hugh Ramsay into partnership, and the firm sold out in 
 1845 to Robt. Abraham, who made the paper a daily one. It subse- 
 quently passed from Abraliam to Perres and Milne (1850), Low iS: Cham- 
 berlain (IS.'jtJ), and in IHT'i it became the property of the Whites, the 
 editor. Thomas White, afterwards becoming a cabinet minister, and 
 being succeeded as editor by his son. His uncle Richard Wliite, still 
 conducts the veteran Tory organ. The " Gazette " has an established 
 reputation among political and commercial journals. 
 
 Tiie "'Herald was established in 1803. It lias made the fortunes of 
 several proprietors, notably Mr. Penny, and has been the property of an 
 ex-cabinet minister of great mental acumen, Hon. Peter Mitchell. 
 Mr. Mitchell is one of the fathers of Confederation, and while he has 
 never received public honors commensurate with his services, he is 
 highly considered by all shades of political opinions, and has been 
 duljbed "Sir Peter" by perhaps a greater ruler than the Defender of the 
 Faith. "The Public," generally. The "Heraid" has recently passe 
 into new hands and is now a more enterpri?)ing journal than e\er 
 before. 
 
 The " Witness " is known to every one and was organized by the 
 late well known citizen " John Dougall " and holds its own against all 
 others throughout Canada, as we find it scattered ail over the Dominion 
 and the United States. It is now managed by a worthy son of the Old 
 Temperance Warrior and fearlessly exposes all and everything not 
 consistent to the well being of Society. 
 
HIsTOHY OF M()NTI?E.\L. 
 
 147 
 
 ^[f^fa 
 
 is 
 
 ^um, 
 
 
!• Ui-m^^itt^ . ti .xA. 
 
 148 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 S5 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 < 
 
 us 
 
 a: 
 ai 
 
ttlstokiY o^ mo^trKaL 
 
 i^ 
 
 forliapH tlid fliiHHt biiildiiiK in CrniK Htreet ih the new Station of the 
 C. P. llailway. In connection with thiH bnilding of which we give a 
 fine cut, the firHt that haH appeared in Montreal, I would like tx) Htate, 
 that I received the Haine with cutn of the Chateau liame/.ay. Harbor, 
 Dominion Hquare and McGill UniverMity from New York and had to pay 
 cuNtom duty, etc., before K<)ttinK them in hh a loan for illuHtratinf; my 
 Book and from the well known Periodical "The llluHtrated American." 
 Mere 1 would thank the proprietor for hiH urbanity and kindueHs, 
 eHpecially aH when in tryiuK itH illuMtrato our ntreeti I have been met 
 with anything but gentlemanly urbanity on the part of many to whom 
 I applied for cuts to illustrate the work. 
 
 St. Hutoinc Street. 
 
 The o'ii Ht. Antoine suburbs be«an at a bridge crossing the creek at 
 the east end of St. Antoine street and was a road with several cross 
 lanes pretty closely built up as far west as Mountain street. There was 
 only one first-class tiouse, that of Norman A McLeod, a rich " Nortli- 
 Wester," or member of the North-West Company. The chief man of 
 this company, the Hon. William McUillivray, had a fine stone residence 
 in Cote St. Antoine, about the end of Porchester street, the most 
 magnificent building in the whole city, afterwards owned by the Hon. 
 Charles Wilson and standing to the present day. 
 
 A Square is seen in this street. "Richmond Square." It is one of 
 the blots on the city. I dont think tliere is 8U(*h a miserable square in 
 Montreal. Surely the City fathers and the Aldermen who represent this 
 division, should see to its improvement. The actual fact of McUillivray 
 Home quite close to it and the knowledge of one of our City Mayors, 
 Hon. Chs Wilson having owned the home should be sufficient for them to 
 beautify the Square a little more than has been done for years 
 past. 
 
 St. Denie Street. 
 
 BnO otbec 6treet0 intereecting or running parallel to tt. 
 
 St Denis street is one of the best known in the City. It is called 
 from the titular Saint of i'' ranee, Let me give a short account of liim. 
 He was a Bishop and Martyr in the early Church History. A. D. 245t 
 This Saint was sent to Ganl (now France) to convert the heathen. 
 He fixed his episcopal see at Paris and in A. D. 273 suffered martyrdom 
 by decapitation on a hill, called ever after " Movs Martyram." This is now 
 called by Parisians " Montmartyre." Many a time in the days of " Char- 
 lemagne" and his successors, has the battle cry of "Si. Denis" been 
 heard when the French (Franks) were engaged in deadly warfare with 
 their country's foes. 
 
pv 
 
 IflO 
 
 UrsTOUY OP MONTUKAL 
 
 ■s. 
 
 r. 
 
 
hiSTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 m 
 
 St DeniH street beginH at Craig and rnna north to the City LimitH^ 
 eventually, in the years to come it will extend miles beyond that point 
 to the l^Hck River or Rivit^res des Prairies. 
 
 The raoHt important buildings now in the street are Laval ITniversity 
 an<l St. James Church. This was long ago ceilled the Bishop's Church but 
 the terrible fire which burnt nearly the whole east end consumed it and 
 the Palace, and the present splendid edifice arose on tlieir ruins. The 
 Bishop was then the first of Montreal. Bishop Lartigue was made Bishop 
 Sept. JK.'^O when Montreal became a separated see and St James Church 
 was made his Cathedral. 
 
 Near to it is the great Establishment of the Reformatory and in tlia 
 street the old and well known Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. At the 
 extreme north end, the Carmelite Nuns have erected a large edifice to 
 remove to it when completely finished, from Hochelaga, as their Estab- 
 lishment there on the banks of the river must give place to commerce 
 and trade. Many of our prominent Judges, Privy Councillors, Aldermen 
 and Business men locate in or near St. Denis street or in St. Louis 
 Park, one of the finest and nattiest squares in Montreal. A great 
 Protestant Public School stands opposite the Park " The Aberdeen School'* 
 and there is one of the R. C. Commissioners' in Roy street, a little off Sf. 
 I'enis street. 
 
 This street is one of the best kept in the City, a continual roadway, 
 day and night, asphalt pavement and wide and fine thoroughfares. 
 The lower part under Sherbrooke street is finely bordered both sides with 
 healthy trees and in summer, looking down, you seem to be entering a 
 long avenue of some sylvan forest or a grand entrance to some ancient 
 castle or policy in the Old World. We are proud of St. Denis street and 
 so are its inhabitants. 
 
 Cherrier street is called from one of the best known and most 
 respected citizens of Montreal. He was a partner in Law with the 
 celebrated '* Viger " who left to him all his property. Mr. Cherrier was 
 one of the " Immortels " who was imprisoned in the Montreal Gaol in 
 1837, and when he died was perhaps the oldest member cf the Montreal 
 Bar, a man of unimpeachable character, a good citizen and a warm friend 
 even to his political foes of 1837-8. It was right that one street in 
 Montreal should be called by his name and that in connection with the 
 vast property which he left at his death. 
 
 Prince Arthur street received its name from him, the Queen's 3rd 
 son, who, when the Writer was Military Chaplain in Montreal, Avas a 
 Lieutenant in the Rifles, and is now " Duke of Connaught " A pretty 
 story is recorded of his Baptism. We can see Our Gracious Majesty The 
 Queen (not an old Lady as she is now at her Diamond Jubilee), but a 
 fair and youthful woman holding up her son to the old bronzed Warrior. 
 (T/te Irish Hero, Wellington), and telling him that his first name was to be 
 
ira 
 
 HI8TOKY VF MONTREAL. 
 
 Arthur in recovrnition of the wonderful f^ood that the Warrior had done 
 for England and the KngliNh llace. There is a pretty picture of the 
 same and those who have it Hhouhl preserve it an a memorial. The 
 street formerly from St. Lawrence Main to the present St. Louis Park 
 was called Courville street, West of St. liawrence it was called BagK 
 street. 
 
 Roy street is callocl after a man of this name and so is Drolet street 
 after a well known uiti/en (still living) of that name, Ciievalier Drolet. 
 Pine Avenue is a misname. There is not a single pine tree to be seen in 
 the whole street. It runs past «)r near the celebrated new Hospital. 
 "The Victoria" built, and endowed by two Montreal citizens. Lord 
 Mount Stephen A Sir Donald Smith now Lord Strathc-ona and is one of 
 the greatest and best of its kind in the Continent of America. 
 
 Laval University, founded originally at Quebec by Royal Charter 
 and under a special Papal Bull, has now a distinct brancli at Montreal. 
 It is a Roman Catholic institution teacliing in the Frendi language ami 
 has faculties of Tlicology. of Law, of Medicine and of Arts. Its teaching 
 staff at Montreal is very complete and large numbers of studeutb attend 
 its courses of lectures. 
 
 St. OLawrcncc flDain Street. 
 
 Tlie following description of St. Lawrence Main street, refers to the 
 year IHIC) and following years. It was written by an old citizen, long 
 since dead. 
 
 "St. Lawrence suburb, commenced at a bridge over the creek at the 
 foot of St. Lawrence street. This street, as far up as where Ontario now 
 intersects, was quite thickly lined with small low wooden buildings. 
 Above Sherbrooke street, before reacliing tlie Mile End tavern, there 
 were but two houses, both of stone, and on the left side of the street 
 then belonging to John (JIark, and now the property of the Bagg estate. 
 Taylor's brewery was then occupied by Thomas French as a tannery and 
 Geo. Wurtele kept the " Farmers' Hotel " in the old house now standing 
 opposite the St. Lawrence market and called the" Glasgow Hotel." Sher- 
 brooke street was then opened from St. Lawrence street about as far 
 west as Rleury. In 1H19 two fine residences were built on this street, 
 one bv .Jacob Hall, and the other by Torranc-e. Tliey were both promin- 
 ent objects to the citizens below, and the latter being the only cut-stone 
 structure outside the main city, was the admiration of every passer-by. 
 It is now the residence of the Molson family." 
 
 This house still stands at the corner of Sherbrooke and St. Lawrence 
 Main streets. 
 
UIWTOIIY OF MONTIIKAL 
 
 H 
 
 53 
 
 K 
 
 C 
 K 
 
 cr. 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
154 
 
 HISTORY OF MOMTRF1A.L. 
 
 We all know the orifiiii of the luiine. It whh on the anniverNary of 
 tliiH Saint's l>Hy tlmt tlie i'aiuouH naviKator .MfV/i/rM (artier entereti that 
 river which ever Hinoe han borne the name he gave to it, nnd when thiii 
 street waH laid out, it also received the name. 
 
 In lookinf( from Sherhroake Mred down thiH ohi well known thorough- 
 fare with itn widened extent, itH fine shopH, reHplendent m ith k'^s hikI 
 electricity, broad foot paths, Hplendid electric cars, what would tho 
 old " Habitant" Hay if he could be Huddenly raisetl from the dead and 
 placed on this spot and made look down that Htreet, up and down whicli 
 00 or 11 HI years a((o, lie had no often driven his homemade "rig," He 
 would only bo confounded and bo able to exclaim " Mon Diru." Vet in 
 this progreM.sive age what more wonders are yet to bo seen in this street, 
 time alone can toll. Look at tiie crowds that stop to see Ihii'sedu'it 
 magnificent exhibition of colored light'^'. Look at the •' Monmnetit 
 Nntional". Look at the "Museo Eden" and continue above .S7i(r/))oo/(' 
 and see the fine stores and blocks of Huiidings on to Mile End, conspicuous 
 among them all that s])lendid row of I axter's Klock, and we must 
 confess that the SI, Lawrence Main of to-day is different from that of IHOO. 
 
 There are some large stores in this street. Among its stores are 
 L. Surveyer, Lorge A Co., Kennedy, Alderman (Jroth^, Hoisseau's and the 
 late Kogarty's with E, (iiroux in the National Monument and many 
 others. 
 
 Surveyer is one of the best known hardware stores in Montreal. 
 In 1868 he founded the present house which is four stories in height and 
 filled with everything necessary in this line, one of whicli may be 
 montioned here a razor, which bears his name and pronounced one of the 
 best in the market. 
 
 The store of Lorge & (\> , Furriers, is one of the oldest in the street. 
 Mr, Lorge imports direct from England, France and the United States. 
 He is a native of Belgium, but has resided in Montreal since 1H.50. 
 He was awarded a bronze medal in 1H60, a diploma in IS si), and bronze 
 and silver medals in 1882, at the Exhibition held iii .Montreal for the 
 superiority of his goods over all competitors. 
 
 Alderman Groth6 has already been spoken about in a short sketch 
 among the Civic Fathers of Montreal and it may only be said here 
 that his store is one of those that passers by generally stop to admire the 
 rich and varied display of his windows. 
 
 The Musee Eden, is not half enough well known. If more children 
 would visit it, they would be better impressed with some of the most 
 important events of History, than reading off the. same events in a page 
 of general school History. It is situated in the Monument National 
 which building is a cre.iit to the street and a tribute to those who have 
 so industriously worked to make it a success- 
 
HISTOUY OF MONTUKAL. 
 
 16B 
 
 NATIONAL MONl'MKXT. 
 
 The idea in opeiiiiiK the MuHt'e Kden \vaH nut only to establish a 
 commercial enterprise, but, moreover, to found in the Metropolin of Can- 
 ada an nndirtakinar specially conHet-rited to Jlne arts and tiie gh)rious 
 epiHodeN of the I'ountry'M history. ItifferinK entirely fioui .similar institii- 
 ti«)us in large towns of Knrope and on the American continent, which 
 repreHcnt no oriKinality beyond the coHmopolitan scenes and figurex 
 belonging to all countries, the Diiectors of the Muhi'o Eden Company 
 have sought in the history of tluir own country, so full of remarkable 
 incidents, subjects for the instruction of the public. The (Jalleries of tlio 
 Musce Eden are, a continual source of instruction and amusing recreation 
 the actual reproduction of events being always more lasting than a page 
 of history learnt oil" by heart. 
 
 The Directors have spared no trouble or expense to make the halls 
 of the Mu9('e as perfect as possible from an artistic anJ historic j)oint ot 
 view, and they rely <jn the patronage of the public to help them to 
 continue an unrivalled undertaking, a patriotic work, and an imperish- 
 able tribute to our national glory. 
 
 However, I must say that the arrangement might be so changed that 
 all historical groups should come together and all those of the dark side 
 of humanity be placed in a wing by themselves as is done in the great 
 waxworks of London. Then tlie minds of eliildren would not be vitiated 
 or startled, as they need not see or go into that wing where these scenes 
 are. I commend this classification to the serious consideration of the 
 Directors and am certain that it would result in a larger increase of 
 visitors. 
 
186 
 
 IIISTOllY OK MONTHKAL 
 
 »lcuvv i3tVCCt. 
 
 ThiH Htrtwt rm'«*lvi>(l It** imiim from a \v««ll kiinwn citi/.tMi in t,h»» pint. 
 f)e Hleiiiy, iii(U'«>(l iiiitiloC liiU< yutirx the nti'Met wmh hUnh^h known I'y tliM 
 name oT Dh Itleiiry Ntruet. 
 
 At tlin foot of tliu Nti'otit in tlie fnrly yearn of tliiH century n Pnot- 
 bridKti ci'ONHfii tlie CraiK crmtk and a narrow lanx ran up ahnnt n>* far an 
 ])(irc-liOHt««r street, ailing wliicli strii^Klctl iihout halt' atlo/cn sniall Ii()||sm<4, 
 This waN i-alietl * i'lirtation Lano" and it wan a favorite protninadi* for 
 all roniantie eoiipleM duriuK tlio lon^ twili^lit of tlie Nuinnier evenin^f*). 
 A little np tlie street stood in the fifties tw«» splendid Terraces ealled 
 respectively "Terninsch " and " \Va\erl\ ". Old citi/i tis c«n re<'()ll»'ct the 
 Hue irori railinK^ which were in front of tlicni willi i>attle axes and spi ars 
 et<c., it nmile a line si^ht. Standing as a solitary one or two si ill do at 
 the present tlay, a ^oo<l way otY the street, they had an inipo>>iMK 
 appearance. Now mostly all the houses have tiad fronts added to them 
 and they have been transformed into sliops. 
 
 Hleury street lian been widened and now forms one of the best 
 entrances into the city. Its continuati«)n, I'ark Avenue, leads on* to 
 Mount Royal Avenue, where wo find located the Miiildiiifrs of the 
 Provirx ial Kxhibition Co. Hefore coming there we pass through the 
 Mo'.int Hoyal I'ark. that part at least which is called Fletcher's KieUI, 
 from a well known military man of that name. At the end of the I'nrk 
 we can join the suburban Klectric Hallway, wliich will take us round the 
 Lesser Mountain, passing; Outramont and Cote des Neiges and returning 
 to the city, a delightful «hive at a moderate cost. 
 
 The fliiof feature of lileiiry street is St. Mary's College (Jesuits) and 
 great Church of the Gesu. As the Authorities could not find any of the 
 past cuts of either IhiiMing, they are absent in this sketch of tlie street, 
 though they appear in both my large works oi 1S75 and 18»4, 
 
 No preat manufactures are found in this street, hut one of the 
 largest engraving establishments in Canada is situated near Craig. The 
 Burlund Lithographic Co. and a little beyond was the chief Photographer 
 in the Dominion, "Notraan," wlio still pleases thousands with his unriv- 
 alled pictures. The founder t)f this House has passed to the great 
 majority, but his son ably keeps up the record. IKire, Royalty, more 
 than once, has entered the doors, to be photographed, as the House bears 
 the title of " Photographer to the Prince of Wales and Royal Family. 
 
 At the same side further up stands the oldest stained glass man- 
 ufactory in the Hominion, "J. C. .Spetice iSi Son." The founder of it has too, 
 gene the way of all the earth, but the Son carries on successfully the 
 work of his Father, as the beautiful windows everywhere testify. 
 
IIINTOHY OK MONTHKAli. 
 
 157 
 
 SPENCE'S WORK (At Lknnoxvilli.) 
 
m>mmmmm 
 
 188 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 Off Bleury street is found one of the largest manufactures of 
 Aerated Water'^, Soda and Ginger Ale in the Dominion, that of Chas. 
 Gurd «te Co. By his own inate industry and jierse vera nee he has built 
 up an immense business, which is yearly increasing <ind it should succeed 
 as the productions of the Firm are tliose whi(!h cheer, but do not inebri- 
 ate and therefore should be well ])atroni/ed, as it i.s by every one. 
 
 Not far up the street is the well knowu establishment of Cunuinjr- 
 ham, sculptor. He is an ex- Alderman and when in tlie Council, was a 
 most enerjcetic member and had greatly to do with the widening of the 
 street. 
 
 Off from Bleury is tlie celebrated St. Patrick's Church and all 
 its dependencies, presided over by the well beloved firesent Pastor, 
 " Father Quinlivan." He succeeded a very great friend and palrcm of 
 the Writer's " dear old F'ather Dowd," and it was a simple act of 
 recognition of his kindness to him that the Author of tliis work has 
 placed in his large " Biographical Gazetteer of Montreal" both a lifelike 
 picture and sketch of the well known Priest of St. Patricks for so many 
 years, " Father Dowd." 
 
 St. Patrick's is one of the finest churches in America and its con- 
 gregation consists of many of our best Irish families. The Writer well 
 remembers St. Patrick's in the fifties, having lived for some years, right 
 under tlie Aegis of the Irish sain^ a few doors from the Church, and 
 yearly mixing in the great gatherings of the 17th March. How many 
 who met then, are alive now':* 
 
 Two streets, very old ones, and which have not improved much in 
 the advance of Montreal, cut Bleury street, Lagauchetiere and Vitre 
 streets. The former is supposed to have derived its name from an oflicer 
 in "Carignac's" of the French regino. who built a liouae in this street, 
 after the regiment was disbanded. 
 
 In all the History of "La Nouvelle France " no family is found, I 
 am told, of the name of Vitrc. The only man who bears this name was 
 the pilot wliom the Englisli army and fleet commanded by Wolfe, im- 
 pressed into the service and compelled to pilot the fleet through '* The 
 Traverse " below Queber. It is said tliat tlie whole fleet hoisted French 
 colors and so deceived him and others so impressed, as they supposed 
 that it was the French fleet bringing relief to Quebec, but that when 
 once passed this dangerous spot in the St. Lawrence, the Frencli colors 
 were hauled down and the British Union Jack raised aloft. It is also said 
 he never left the fleet but was carried to England wliere he lived some 
 years on a small government pension. How his name came to be given 
 to this street, let Antiquarians find out, but the above has been told, as 
 the origin of the name of tlie street. It might be when Wolfe and 
 Montcalm streets were of old laid out, some one thought of him who had 
 piloted the English fleet to Quebec and so gave his name to the 
 street. 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 150 
 
 Another and a new street " Ontario " cuts Bleury. It contains 
 nothing of importance, save tlie Ciiurclx of St, Jolin the Evangelist, at 
 the corner of St. Urbain. One of the be.«t known man in Mo itreal 
 Revd. Canon Wood lias been its Rector for over .'Jii years and has worked 
 it up to its present floiirishinpr (rondition. Itistheoi. !y decidedly High 
 Church in Montreal among the Protestant Bodies. A fine School is in 
 connection with this Church, well j)atronized and does good work under 
 the principalship of Revd, A. French the well known Rector. Many 
 influential citizens attend this Church and one of them Honorable Sena- 
 tor Drummond has built "St, Margaret's Home" on Slierbrooke Street, 
 It is a blessing to all those who seek its help in thyir incurable diseases. 
 
 ■fcotelsDieu de /Montreal, 1052. 
 
 Though this great Institution was once aAvay down in St. Paul 
 street in the long ago, still this old bit of History will be acceptable 
 to the French Readers of the Book as giving then the actual facts of the 
 foundation of ihis benevolent House. 
 
 A. D. 1640, le Canada otait rest6 presque sans culture et Ton y 
 comptait A. peine deux cents frantjais y corapris les iemnies, les enfants et 
 Its religieuses de Quebec. Cent alors que Dieu inspira A, un pieux laique 
 d'6tablir une colonic pour honorer la Sainte-Vierge dans I'ile de Montreal. 
 M. Jerome Le Royer de la Dauversiere, lieutenant-general au presidial de 
 la Flt^che en Anjou, unit ses plans a ceux de I'ilustre fondateur du semi- 
 naire de St, Sulpice, M, Olier, qui presque simultan^ment avait eu le 
 mgme geuereux desseiu. Des personnes de la Cour, et des prfitres ver- 
 tueux, brulant de zele pour la propagation do la foi, s'associtirent aux 
 fondateurs pour faire I'acquisition de I'ile de Montr^ial, et ils appr^nrierent 
 les avantagos qu'elle offrait a I'ex^cution de leur projets apostoliques. 
 L'associati' n se forma sous le nom de " Messieurs et Dames de la 
 Soci^te de Notre-Dame de Montreal pour conversion des sauvages de la 
 Nouvelle-France " 
 
 Les hardis colons destines k ce nouveau poste, le plus avance de 
 civilisation dans cette partie du globe, s'ctaient embarqu^s, des I'annee 
 precedente, conduits par tin pieux et brave gentilhomme Charapenois, M. 
 de Maisonneuve. Le 17tli Mai 1042, ils mirent pied i\ terre dans la partie 
 de I'ile connue plus tard sous le nom de I'ovnte n Callitres, et ils s'y ^;tabli- 
 rent au nombre de quarantecinq. Cette petite troupe comprenait des 
 soldats et des ouvriers de divers (itats tons choisis pour leur piete et leurs 
 bonnes mmurs ; Melle Mance eu faisait partie. Cette femme intropide se 
 rendait eu Canada pour y fonder un Hotel-Dieu, et preparer les voies aux 
 soeurs Hospitalieres de St Joseph, qui veu&ient de s'etablir k la Fleche 
 en sorte qu'il Montreal le premier hopital prit naissance avec la premiere 
 chapelle. Mile. Mance partagea avec joie les dangers, les fcpreuves et les 
 privations des commencements de Ville Marie. 
 
leo 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Le ler Noverabre 1009, trois sosurs arrivorent de Frauce pour appor- 
 ter ^ Montreal la stabilito et la profession solenneiltis. 
 
 An mois d'Aout 1602, la Sajur Marie Morin entra A 1' Hotel- Dien 
 comme novice k I'Age de 13 ans et demie, et o'est la }> tuuit^re Steur d'ori- 
 gine Canadienne qui ait fait ses vduix k Montrnil: Ellu vueut 82 ans, et 
 c'est k elle que I'ont doit les Anna/es de I'llntcl-Dieu, mctuioires du plus 
 touchant et du plus ^difiant int6r6t, qu'elle a cerit jusqu'au 29 Sep- 
 tembre 1725. 
 
 »cavcr IbaU Ibill, 
 
 The origin of this name has been given before in the description 
 of Victoria Square. Three churches cluster closely tofjethcr up the Hill, 
 they are diverse in their systems, tlie fine St. Andrew's Church, Scotch 
 Presbyterian, presided over by the well known Rovd. J. Kdgar Hill 
 the Reformed Episcopalian, and the Churcli Messiali, Unitarian. This 
 last Church had long as its pastor. Dr. Cordner, whosa name need only 
 be mentioned, to recall his virtues and learning and who died in Boston 
 some years ago. 
 
 St. Andrew's Church is said to have the finest spire of any church in 
 Canada. The Writer well remembers when a fire destroyed the spire 
 and a good deal of the edifice. 
 
 It was just before the arrival of H. R. H. Prince Arthur in 1809 and 
 as he arrived in the evening and that a pretty dark one, with no lights 
 electric, as now to brighten up the scene, only a few far distantly placed 
 gas lights, the hundreds of bla/ing torches only cast a weird aspect on the 
 whole body of men which crowded the streets everywhere, to welcome 
 the Royal Visitor. The burned spire of the beautifid church looked 
 somber in the back ground but it was soon rebuilt. I well remember 
 at a great state Dinner given by the Prince to the military officials in 
 Montreal that he spoke to me about the fine spire having been 
 destroyed . This eventful dinner is sunk in my memory as few are now 
 living who were there. I think only Col Perrier and Col, Lyman now 
 remain of the Canadian Militia then represented as no officer was below 
 the rank of Colonel. 
 
 The Bar was represented by the late well know ii Judge Badgley ; 
 Commerce by the never forgotten Honorable John Young. These two sat 
 immediately on the right and left of the Prince. The two chaplains, 
 Rev Mr. Bartlett and myself opposite and we liad the honor, the 
 senior chaplain in asking grace and myself in returning thanks. Beside 
 me sat that gallant old gentleman and polished warrior Col. Dyde and 
 round, all the Colonels and high officers of Her Majesty's service then in 
 Montreal. After dinner a pleasant time was spent in the drawing room 
 where the Prince showed us very large albums, one, of all the Royal 
 Family, another of the principal nobility and another of the military and 
 naval celebrities of England. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 161 
 
 18, 
 
 le 
 
 In connection with St. ;\(lrevv'8 diurcli Organ, one f tiie finest in the 
 city, a story is told of the late Sir lIiiKh Allan and William Dow, the 
 two wealty adhenents to that " (inid auld kirk of Scotland." It is re- 
 ported that tlie canvassers for tlie Organ fund first went to Sir Hugh 
 (as he Knight to head the list. A friendly rivalry existed between the 
 two, the jocularly told tliern to go to William Dow and whatever he 
 subscribed he would do the same. The good Knight thought one or two 
 hundred dollars woidd be the amount. Away went the gentlemen to the 
 wealthy Commoner, and told liim exactly how the matter stood and 
 if he gave any amount, Sir Hugh would give the same. Mr. Dow, witli a 
 twinkle in Ills eye, asked for the subscription paper and finding it 
 a royal opportunity to get even with Sir Hugh headed the list with 
 $1,000. They returned to Sir Hugh and have declared that it did them 
 good wlien they presented the i)aper and the Knight, with outstretched 
 eyes, beh Id this large sum standing opposite his rival's name. Hut 
 as a gentleman and man of honor he took in the situation in a moment 
 and immediately underneath wrote his subscription of the same amount. 
 Thus did the canvassers succeed in securing nearly liaif of the price of 
 the beautiful Or^an in St. Andrew's Church from its two most influential 
 members, 
 
 Purtiier down the Hill and nearer the Square, once stood the (""on- 
 gregational Church where was enacted tliat blot on Montreal the Gavazzi 
 Riots and where the Itevd. D. Wilkes so long officiated. It afterwards 
 was the ': Herald " printing establishment, then it was burnt and now 
 is a very large commercial concern. 
 
 Beyond the churches, we pass two small squares, both donated by 
 Mr. Philipps to the city in the forties. Pacing one of tliem is the fine 
 residence of the late Wm. Dow, the well remembered Montrealer , and on 
 anotlier side '* The P'errier Block," 
 
 This street in its upper end used to be almost entirely devoted to 
 Doctors and Dentist some years ago but is it adually being transformed 
 into business and stores. In the upper Squares, Alfred Joyce has a fine 
 establishment and is one of the few in his lino, who has made a fortune 
 in Montreal. At another corner of tliis Square is the Art Gallery; an 
 Institution which received its eclat from two eminently public spirited 
 men of Montreal, Beuiah Gibb and Judge McKay, who both left large 
 gifts of valuable pictures to form the Gallery. 
 
102 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 Dorcbcetcr Street. 
 
 " Xc 0ran? Cbcmin Cu IRoi. " 
 
 This street is called from a t'oriuer celebrated (lovern t of that name 
 and as the last Lord has died only a few werks a^o leaving no heir, the 
 title in English Aristocracy has now become extinct .rid it is well that 
 we perpetuate the name in one of our streets. 
 
 The street has little cliangel since the days of old in tlie east end. 
 The only great building wliich there attracts the eye is the (irneral (or 
 Engiisli) HoHi)ital as it is called. It is the oldest in Montreal mid no 
 Institution in the city has done the amount of good tliat tliis civic 
 blessing has done in years past. 
 
 It is now a gieat Institution, and has received additional wings to it 
 tlirough the benevolence of kind citi/cns and it at the present day holds 
 its own witii any Hosj»ital in Canada or America for eHiciency, ordei-, ad- 
 vance and all other a|)pliances connected with tlie working of sucW an 
 Institution. '1 hrougli the kindness of the most indefatigable friend it 
 has, Wolferston 1 honuK K^ip'., I am peiinitted to give two fine views 
 of the Hospital audits wmking wliicli will aild to the interest of the 
 Book. 
 
 The street continues, after leaving the Hospital as far as Bleury 
 mndi as it was in yenis ))ast. ^\t lili'ury it abuts on the new extensive 
 reparations made by the Jesuits and St. Patrick's Church, till it passes 
 Phillip's Square when we arrive at a large building, the Masonic Temple 
 and near to it "The Ohl High School of McGill C'lllege " wiiere the writer 
 was one of the Teacliers associated witli sucli names as Rector Howe, 
 T. A. Gibson, D. Rogers and W. How man in the lifties, long ago. 
 
 The fine builHiug of the St. .lames ( lub must be noticed and one of 
 the most extensive private dwellings in .Montreal, tliatof our well known 
 citizen, G. W, Stephens Esqr, It was built by his father, one of the most 
 energetic Americans, who ever made their home in tliis l ity. It hag 
 been the temporary abode of Royalty or its representatives. Opposite is 
 the fine Church of St Paul's over whicli is placed 11. M. G. Majesty's 
 Chaplains, Dr. Barclay. 
 
 We now come to iominion Square and Knox Church with its well 
 known Pastor Revd. Mr. Fleck. After passing it we find the large 
 American Church and splendid mansions, chief anjong wliich, is that of 
 Lord Stratbcona and Mount Royal. No man lias done more for Montreal. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
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 HI'-TORY OP MONTRRAL 
 
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HIHTOHY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 166 
 
 than he ImH done, (loil bless liini for it. What Kenernus ^iftH ; the Iloyal 
 Victoria lioMpital, (roiimu'ted with Lord Mount Stephen The Donalda 
 Colle}?<< and otht'r><, and tlie writer must here acknowledf^e that an far an 
 ho knows not one liKitiniate scheme or call ,for Ijenevolonce ever was 
 made to liim in vain. May many yi«,rs Ntill be his as a Lord. As ^his 
 western part of the street is debarivd from Street H;iilway or heavy 
 traflif, it is a favorite reiidcz vous for those who ))ractiee cycling 
 hundreds uf whom are daily seen on its smooth pavement. 
 
 The immense IJuildinK of the (irey Nuns nnist now be spoken of. At 
 tlie corner cf Durchcter and Guy streets is tlie lied cross, the story of 
 whicli his already been pfiven in the history of .St Paul Street, as well aa 
 the story of their foundation in tiiat of Mcdrill Street. Tlie street then 
 continues on to the City limits. 
 
 The following bit of old History is inserted here which j?ive.s the 
 Origin of tiie n:()i)d Sisters of tiiis well k.iowu Community. 
 
 L'llopital-dr-urral de Motitri'al doit sa premiere fondation i\ un 
 vertueuK citoyon de cette ville, Mr. '^'rancois Charon de la Barre, qui 
 voulut y cousiurer ses biens et sa pwrsonne. D^ux aiitres pieux laiques, 
 M.M. Joan Fredin et Pierre Le Bar, secnndereut puissaininent, et doane- 
 ront avec lui commenoemnit a sou (n:i"^ro de charitr, de zWo et de d^sin- 
 trressoment. M. Le B.sr I'tait le frcre de la saiute Ilx-iuse cpii vecut viagt 
 ansdaus une cellule de Convent de la Con^'n'si^ation de Vdle .M'irie, sans 
 communication avec le monle. 11 resta lldtMe a sa vocation jusqu'^ sa 
 mort, ne fit point ilo vomix, niais termini uue vie salute comme pension- 
 nairo, A I'llopital (J.'n'ril, en O-tobro 17i)7. L^is trois amis voulaiat former 
 une Commuuaut,'! de Krt'res llospitaiiers, destinee a soiguer dos hommes 
 pauvres et inlirmes. 
 
 Di's 10 ><, M. Charon et ses ^eux associes obtiurent du Supt'riour de 
 la Miison de St. S ilpiee de .\I ) I'fi'il uu terrvia c laven ible t\ la Pointe 
 Callicres, et ils tirent bieutot a laurs frj,is plusieurs autros acquisitions pour 
 servir i\ la fondation do I'hopital. 
 
 It is a coincidence that two such great charitable Institutions as the 
 Montreal General Hospital and tiie Urey .Vunnory are to be found the one 
 the east the second at the west of this old street. May tliey both con- 
 tinue to tlourisli and in tiie coming ages do ever as much amount of good 
 as they have done in the years past. 
 
 Near the American Presbyterian Church once stood the Diocesan 
 College lately transferred to a iino building, the gifc of A. F. Ganlt, Esq., 
 The present building is now the headtiuarters of the Young Women's 
 Christian Association of Montreal and if the Y. M. C. Association does 
 so much good for the young meii of the city, assuredly this one does the 
 
106 
 
 HrSTOHY op MONTIIBAU 
 
 HaiMR i)f tlin yoiinj? \v(»in»»n. AHH()<'iHh'(l witli it .'irc Momu of tlie nioHt 
 Kotlly iiinl K"*"l ^VdiiuMi ()t° tilt) city. 1 cniild iiuMilioit inniiy iiaiui's but 
 knowiiiK tlie iiuito luoilosty of tliHMt> worktTM, tlii'^c DmiKlitHrs of Israel, 
 forhoar. «)iily NtatiiiK. tlia' for n loiiu: si-rieH of ycai >*, tli«*y have ever 
 (•lieerfull}' lielpfd 'im in my woik in (ln« l-'t-iiiali' l*ri-*nii of .Montreal and 
 have luHMi ever ruaiiy to I'xi-iupiify tlie ApuNtoiic wordn ** harity 
 never faileth." 
 
 I luiiNt Kive more tiian a passinu; ^dancf to tlu; braiitifiil < liiiii-li not 
 far distant. When I pas.s it, the recollectioM of itx larjje liearted Minister, 
 llevd. Mr . WellH, ni)pears htdore my mind, and to think, after all IiIh 
 lahorH in Montreal and elsew lieie he was to meet \\ ith siieli a dreadful 
 accidental death. His memory is stored up in iiiindreds of the eonj^re- 
 gatiun and it will be lon^ till \vu see his like aKain. 
 
 In this street, not far from here stands tiie k'''1"<1 ( reseent Street 
 Church, preBided over by a well beloved I'astor, Mev. Dr. cKay. lids 
 Church ^.^untainu one of the largest and wealthiest eonKi'i'K'^tio'i'^ ht the 
 city and it may well be so as the K<'niai I >oetor is the Head, and Centre 
 of the whole Institution and reigns in the htsarts of his people like the 
 the good old I'resbyterian Ministers of Scotland in tlie days of long ago. 
 
 Near Dorchester in Guy street stands one of the tine II.' '. C'oraniissioners 
 Schools, Belmont School, a view of which is given tiirough the kinduess 
 of P. S. Murphy, Ks<|. (Juy street received its name from a celebrated 
 Notary of Montreal at the commencement of this century'. In it to-day 
 there are a number of charitable Institutions, among them, " liie (,'liureh 
 Home " which was founded by the lirst .Anglican Hisiiop of Montreal 
 and lias lately received througu .)ur present venerable holder of the See 
 a very considerable amount for its future prosperity. 
 
HIHTOIIY OF MONTHKAFi. 
 
 «67 
 
 n 
 r 
 o 
 
 2! 
 
 H 
 
 X 
 O 
 
 hd 
 o 
 o 
 r 
 
ie8 
 
 HIHTORY OF MONTIIKAU 
 
 Milllam t^tvcct an^ a^jot^t^o^trcct0. 
 
 It Ih a roiniti-kabli.' fact that we iliid in this part of th(« «'ltv. a iiiiiiii>er 
 ol" iiHiiixN, tho most hiyal of any in tht> City of Montreal. N\ ijliuni strtK't 
 was cailiHi iit'ter William iN'th and thuii \vu tlml l^inK. (.|ueen, I'rinco, 
 Duku, all al'tor tlio Royal Family. 
 
 Wki.i.injjton netid only be mentioned to brinK np the name of the 
 
 most illnstrions military Irislmian, the Km^rald Isle ever produced, In 
 
 t'onm>«'tion with his nitnit> I may stato that ninny years a^ijo a pri/n IViem 
 
 on the Dnkn of N\ t'llinjjton was announced at (jne of the great l';n(,'lisli 
 
 iversities. The successful candidate took for liis theme the Life and 
 
 jr of the (ireat Na|M)leon, and llnishcd an elabo ate deHcription of 
 
 i..c ({reat connnander with the followioK couplet, whicli gained him 
 
 the |.ri/e. 
 
 "So >,'reat a m»>n, the world scare • ever knew, Ment to thy (iKNMm, 
 C'HJIOK or VV.\ TKKKoo." It is a wonder that Napoleon is onh represented 
 by a street calleii Napoleon Koad and another small wtreet off at. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 We find pAl.liorsii: street also in this (piarter of the city and 
 C()|,LK(ii': from llie old Seminary i ollege whii h formerly stood there. 
 
 The ( ollege is now turned into a nest of Manufactories of all kinds 
 and wliere once Learning and the Arts prevailed commerce and manu- 
 factures now hold tlieir sway. It was once occupied by a Uegiment of 
 }hiti>-ii Troojis in tlu^ sixtie*. I lit* ancient i aiiie of lieland is found in 
 lilltKHMA street, olT Wellington, and Sf.itlaiid's (heat Revolutionist 
 .John Knox runs olT it in Knox street. M ('Colli) street was named after 
 the family of that nnmn who held extensive property here and who 
 were ably repiesentid by the late Hon. .Judge McCord of the .Suj)erior 
 Court of Montreal. Mri.i. ins street from an Irish family of that name, 
 once prominent in Montreal. ()tt\wa street ruuH down to the Canal 
 UaHin and named after the Capital of the Dominion. Skkjnkurs was 
 named after the old Seminary .Seigneurs of Niontreal. Workman, frt)m 
 the old Mayor, runs from Canning street tt) tiie City Limits, there are 
 also M run A '\', .Nazarktii and Ann streets. 
 
 These are the principal streets in this section of the city. 
 
 it is to be regretted that in a great many instances, two, three and 
 sometimes four streets, terraces and lanes bear the same name. Look at 
 
IIISTOKV OK MONTHKAl, 
 
 lUO 
 
 8T STEPHENS tilUU(;Jl. 
 
iTn 
 
 IIIHTORY or MONTRIIAL. 
 
 t))0 ronfiiHioii tliin raiiHitN in poMtiil arraiiKftnontM iitiil civic nfTHirN I Will not 
 mmui ^<><)<l Siiiniiriliin AlilHi'niiin in tlic next Couiwil liriii^ forwunl u law 
 aliontllic luiniiiiK or><trccts i> \Vli> Id every one, i'lopricloi' or Itiiiltter, l)« 
 ptM'Uiittttii to K>vtt imy nuniti lie |tleimeN to IiIn propei ty or Itlock ? liook 
 At the followinK. there nru no Icnh tlinn nIx locnIitieM hetirinK the name of 
 Alburt, three t)!' liJMliop, two of Clianiplain, two of C'herrier, two of 
 I)eMri\^lereH, tliree of Dominion, three of I 'on-hcNter, no iesMtlian tiv»' of 
 KviriH. two Krontenac, two Knlliiin, two Hanover, two of l^onu', two 
 Munstlehl; two Maple, two larlborouifh, three of «lutealfe, two Milton, 
 two Montcalm, two Napoleon, two i'l <teau, two Richmond, two floy, two 
 Ht. KrancoiH, two St. Menry and twu Vloturia. etc. 
 
 NVhat conrnsion this all chihoh I'he Americtn HyHtum of niimlierinfr 
 tlie Avenues and Streeth is far preferable and thiH could i>e <lone with 
 all thd ^reat Avenues of Montreal IjckIii iii^^ at C'ltmniiHsioners street and 
 KoiiiK Tiortli making all croHs Mtruuts numburM and all avunuuH luttern uf 
 the alphaljet. 
 
 A lartfe ncpuire is found lyin^ to tlie north of William Htreet and 
 bunth of Notre Dame and Chaitoiile/. Sipuire. All round are extensive 
 manufaeturuH, but at the corner rnnnitiK into ( haboille/ S(|uure stands 
 one of the tlnest Churches in Montreal, St Stephens, over which tlie 
 Venerable Archdeacon I'^vans, I). C. 1<. is the Hector, liie Arcluleacon is 
 better known to the public as, for many years past, beiiiK one of the 
 most energetic nuMubers of the I'rotestant Hoard of School Commis- 
 sioners. He has always been reelected wlien liis term of ollice expire<l. 
 He is the Archdeacon for Montreal. 
 
 We now j)ass on the Pointe St. C'harlo« and tlie Laciiine Canal, 
 
 The first movement for a canal to unite Laciiine and Montreal, took 
 ))lace in 17U;'. Kver since then Montreal had lieen vainly endeavoring to 
 obtain permission to open a canal and after many delays and disappoint- 
 menta, work was at length begun in 1H21 and completed at a cost of 
 $140,0(10; but it was inailequate for the wants of the trade a.s we may 
 gather from the following not ce whicli appeared in the Quebec Ga/.ette 
 of 3rd. Nov., 1831. 
 
 A Public Notice is hereby given that the undersigned and others 
 will apply to the Legislative of this Province at its ensuing session of 
 i'arliameut for tiie Privilege to form a Joint Stock Company for the 
 purpose of making a Canal, Lock and Hasin.s, in such places as they may 
 find necessary for a useful Navigation from the Lake of the Two Moun- 
 tains to the waters of Laciiine a'ld from thence to the foot of the current 
 St. M&ry with a branch la tin I'url of Mimtrad shmdd tfiry think fit. of dimeD' 
 siona rutt less tlian will admit tlie Passage of such Vessels as can pass 
 
a 
 
 UitTOKY OW MONTaSAL. 
 
 1^1 
 
 llirniiKli tlix Iam'Us (»!' t\\v Kiiicnii (Hiiiil, lunl to nc(|iiiro IniitlH For UnHiiH 
 liiiii wiiliT |irivil«'Ki'H KH may ho \\hiiIi>iI by tlin naiil < uiii|tHiiy for Ihu 
 NAviKiition liiut tliH iiN(> of lli«< wiitui'H tlitircor. 
 
 i loi'HtIo (intttH 
 I'r. Aniuildi 
 '1 lioinas i'liillipM 
 Aiitlnnv \V|iit.t» 
 I'uter Mcliill 
 
 Jo-4(>|l|| MuHNon 
 
 J. Itotiiiiilliur 
 
 i*. /. Ant Im Uo<|ii« 
 
 •loH, liOKIlll 
 
 Moiitn«iil Ist Octolu'i- Ig.'l. 
 
 Lte 
 
 >rH 
 
 of 
 
 lie 
 
 Tlui unliirK*Hiieiit liowevt^f wiih not I'lirritnl out till 1H|:{. Kver Niiice 
 tlifii iin|)i>ovi)iiii*iits liiive Ixtoii ^uiiiK o>i in tliu Canal (iuo|mnin)< of the 
 clitiiiol, and tMiliU'KinK <!>•' \vi<llli nnd nti\\ Kicitfr Irnpi'ovrnifntH than HV»r 
 thoKo pRxt f('\v years havti hci-n aio hi'iuK itccoiuiiliMliud, nntil me many 
 ywai'M, HliipH and Htfumoi-H of very lar^o tonnaKw »«'W and will (oven 
 lar^l)r onen) i)i' ahln to ascund ua^ily from > untreal to Lachino. 
 
 Many lar^u mannfai-torieN arc found on its hunks and at and around 
 Windmill i'oinl gru^t trullic and husiuHHH can hu HutMi diiriuK the Muason 
 of NaviKation. 
 
 A lint' Ih idgi' " I he ( niran III id^'c " spa' h it an<l s»*v«>ral others at 
 I'ointt' St C harU's and ( oti- St. I'aul. Thu \vliol« ntMKldjorliuod of tlie 
 Hasin tccniH with IliV and activity duriuK the summer season. 
 
 I'ointo St. Charles \\ oidd he nothing without the Crund I rnnk 
 Hai'way. It has built up tins part of the City and is continually boiuK 
 the meauH uf developing more and more this populous district. Let uh 
 for a little, revert to the commencement of Kuilways in Crnatla. Certain 
 Kcntlcmen of Montreal in the year 18:51 took steps to obtain a charter for 
 a railway between Laprairie and St. Johns and "The himplain and St. 
 Lawrence Railway" was opened in \K'A\ and succHsfully worked by 
 steam the followiuK years. The llrst EuRine w aH called "The Kitten'' 
 and I believe it exists to tliis day. 
 
 In isr.' thei'Kwasa brisk trade up tlie Champlain Valley *'ov I^urlinjfton 
 and Whitehall over this railway, the only railway in Cauiula, from La- 
 ]iraiiie toSt. John-i. Tlie liiui shut down in winter, just th''ik of it 
 as the reason was " there was no advantagH in connecting the ice of the 
 Uichelieu with the ice of the St. Lawrence." 
 
 In the year 1SI4 however their spranp up n preat desire to liave a 
 winter port for Canada, a meeting was held in the old Congregational 
 Church at the East end of the Champ do Mars the object of which was 
 the project of the St. Lawrence ami Atlantic railway. The meeting was 
 small but attending it were some of those master minds which have 
 
172 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTHKAL. 
 
 giiidod Montreal on to luu- j)rc.seiit state of Hipfiiillcanee. Tlie u:reat ovent 
 ol' tijat intH'tiiiK was tlio addioss and paper ^'veii by jud>>:»i I'reble of 
 Portland. Maine. This soon giivo fruit in a matured plan for a railway 
 from Montreal to Portland, liy the exertions of a Hmall group of 
 energetic citizens among whom wc^ro the Honorable Goorge MolTatt. .Sir 
 Alexander Cralt. the Honorable A. N. Morin, anil the Hbie. John Young 
 this road was opened in 1818 from Longuouil to St. llyacintlie, and it 
 was afterwartis pressed forward until it was absorbed into the Grand 
 Trunk system. 
 
 In the year ISll, the Champlain and St, Liwroneo Railway was 
 completed to Rouse's Point and the St Lawrence and Atlantic to Richmond. 
 In IS") 2 a railway was opened to Mooi'^'s .lunction (jn the Ogdensbnrg 
 rf)ad and the St. Lawrence and Atlantic rcaciied Sherbrooke. 
 
 N(»w came the idea of building a Bridge across the St. Lawrence 
 River, Tlie possibility o'.' such a vast undertaking was demonstrated by 
 Tiiomas Keefer, Ks(|., in a re|)()rt wiiich he furnished to Honorable John 
 Young, as the Presi lent of tlie projected Montreal and Kingston 
 Railway 
 
 In thi.s year, liowever, both that western undertaking and the 
 Portland Railway were absoi bed in the (iuAM) Think Raii.wa'S'. i lie 
 celebraLiid Mf.-srs. Pete, Hrissey and Ik'tis obtained the contract for its 
 construction and so the (i. T. R. hatl birth. 
 
 In 185,3, no railway vet to the west was in existence, gieat quantities 
 of Loods were ever arriving at iiongueuil for Montreal and west, and the 
 carters in those days, sjiecially in ^^ inter, liad a busy and money making 
 time, for this year isrilithe railway was opened through to Portland, 
 Maine. 
 
 It was now determine.' to build tlie KKiiirri Won'DKH of tuk 
 World for so the \'icloria lb idge has long been called. On July 20th, 
 1854, the first stone of the Victoria Bridge was laid and the same year 
 the railway ran to Point Levis, opposite Quebec. As the G, T. R. liad 
 only reached Hrockville, a va.st amount of western tratlic drifted into tlie 
 American Railways for Boston and si)ecially New York. But now the 
 Canadian i)lnck and inate courage of our people asserted itself. The Allans 
 came to the fore witli their sj)lendid Line of tlie Mo treal Ocean 
 Steamship Company. I lie G. I , R. had been completed to Toronto a ""ii 
 the first train from Montr-al to Toronto left on the 27th of October, 
 1850. That same year in November it was opened to Stratford. The 
 oecabion was celebratefl by a fete. Into these rejoicings the citizens of 
 all classes and nationalities bent their utmost energies. They sent 
 iuvitations to all the lea<liijg people in all the cities and towns of Canada 
 
lirslTOHY OF MONTRKAL. 
 
 173 
 
 and balls illiuiiinationH and rejoicinfrs and a holiday expres.sed tlio hopei 
 and aMj)irat;onHof the inhabitants of Montreal in particular and Canada 
 at large. 
 
 On the 17th Decenibe. 1^50 tlie Victoria HridKe was completed and 
 the (i. I". II. was opt^n now from I'ort Huron on tlin Like of tliat ii'ime to 
 Portland on llio Atlautif ( oast a miufhty work accomplislu'd by tlie 
 enerjjies and determination of the Canadian peopit«. In l^^iiO commenced a 
 decade of progress, The Prince of Wah-s rcpresMntitiK the Majesty of 
 the liritish Kinpire canus out to ("aniulato oinu the Victoria Hridge and 
 to see and make known on iiis j .-tui ii, s\ hat kind of i)eo|)le were the 
 loyal sons of liis Mother, in Hritisii Nortli America. He saw and cert- 
 ainly gave a good report. ' he opcninir of the Victoria Uridge was an 
 event which will be never forgnttcM l)y thosi- who \\ iuie-sed it. (Jreat 
 festivities au'l rejoicings wiue the order of the day and I can remember 
 that w'len the youtliful Prince Albert with a ringing blow sent down 
 the golden spike into its place the whole air resoun ed with the accla- 
 matiuu " God .save the Queen." 
 
 And well has the old Bridge stooil. My day and by niglit over its 
 Avell built piers thousandsand ten thousands of trains have jtasseJ since 
 that day and never has there been an accident. 
 
 The (Jrand Trunk Railway svstem during the decade of lH(;0xl870 
 received its fidl development. There is no iloubt that lontrealowjs 
 much to the G, T. [I. The steady incrcasH of its trade was due to its 
 inrtnence, In Ontario and elsewhere many of the small railroiids were 
 absorbed by the (Jrand Trunk, for as yet the Victoria IJridgo was the 
 only one which spanned the .St I,.aw lence east of Niagara. This occasion- 
 ed the merchants of the city, winter and summer, to have their ware- 
 liouses full, all were kept busy. In i'^71 The (irand Trunk had aL.iorb- 
 ed (to its credit) and possessed every outlet and inlet, in winter, of the 
 City of Montreal. Tliis led, on account of tlie ever imrea^ing trade to the 
 organization of the (Canadian Pacilif Kiilwav, and now at the close of 
 this century botli railways are taxed to tlieir uttermost to expoi't the 
 amazuig quantities of grain annually produced in Manitoba and 
 the North-West. The Virioria Mridge is now under reconstruction to 
 enable the vast amount of tratlie to daily pass over it. The management 
 is under the personal eye of a most nuergetic and first class railway 
 men, Mr. Hays, and it will n t be ins fault if in succeeding years 
 the Old Grand Trunk 'f which Canadians are pr-ud will anil still be 
 " Secundus nulii." 
 
I 
 
 174 
 
 1 I 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 VICTORIA iil A.L 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 175 
 
 As I have just said tlie railway, thoupli it lias jjassed tlirough trying 
 times of opjjOHition and depression of trade, still holds its onward way 
 and it will be a blessing to the Dominion, for lonff years to come. Before 
 closing the remarks of the G, T. R. I must bring up one or two who 
 have been connected with the management in the years past, but who like 
 so very many of the older inhabitants of Montreal liave joined the great 
 majority. The Honorable James Ferrier was long its governing head in 
 Canada. Chs. J. Brydges long its Manager and the late Sir Joseph 
 Hickson in and later years its central figure. Peace to their ashes. They 
 all worked liard for the (J. T. Railway of Canada. 
 
 At Point St. Charles are the General oftices of the (J. T. R. but as 
 the}' are in an inconvenient phuie for the business men of Montreal, no 
 doubt they will be removed. Some years ago those oflices were at the 
 P«)int, then they were translated to Jacques Cartier Square and once 
 more, after having built tlie present extensive Buildings, taken to 
 Point St. Ch .rles. 
 
 Business extension and easier connnuiiiciitlon with the merchants of 
 the City render it imperative that tiiey should now be located in Mont- 
 real and it is hoi)ed before long that they will be. 
 
 The different Religions den ^minations are well represented at the Point 
 by their Churches, all substan iftl builditigs and each having good cong. 
 regations yet one that over wliiih Dr. Kcr is Rector hf)l<ls an especial 
 record. Originally built by the Grand Trinik on the land n i\\ occupied by 
 them as yards, it rfceivcid the name of " Grac-e ("hurch " from the luune of 
 the wife ()t Chas. J, Brydges then the General Manager. Dr. Ker is one 
 of the mt)st erudite and learned of the clergy of Montreal and he is a fine 
 example, like the Dean, of a perfect Iii-h gentleman and saynig that, ilmt 
 is enough. 
 
 Vfouditn is a village near the Pointe. In it is situated the Protestant 
 Hospital for the Insane. The diief inhabitant of the place is John 
 Crawford Ksti, a man who never looked to more advantage tlian when 
 Hs the Master of the Hounds, he pursued in his younger days, with 
 energy and spirit the exliilerating pastime of " hunting Kavard " In liis 
 red coat and spurred boots he looked, as he always does, a fine speci- 
 men of an Anglo Saxon. 
 
 Along the bank of the Canal we come to a nice Vill ge also a suburb 
 of Montreal "(JotkSt. Paul." There is a fine P]nglish Church here, 
 for more than a quarter of a century having been superintended by Dr. 
 L. Davidson Q.C.. and who has done as mucli solid good work in the place 
 as any ordained Minister. 
 
 In time these places will be annexed to tl;e City of Montreal. 
 
170 
 
 H [STORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 '>' .'imiUUiiiiiiii,. '',;iiiiiii 
 
HISTORY OF MONTIU'^AL. 
 
 177 
 
 St. Cuncoon^c. 
 
 Tliis important siibiiib is nn incorporated City by itse'f, its inhabit- 
 ants air fast creepinK nj) to tlu' 20. '100. Maiw Iarp;e MianiifactiiroH aro 
 found witliin its limits. It is impos,sil)lo to tell, wiicn a stranger drives 
 alonK Notro Dame StnKit, wliero Montreal ends and StCinieKonde begins. 
 It is to be hopeii that under the ni'W Council of .Montreal, St Cuiieponde 
 St Henri and other outlying Mnnieipalities, all will be ainal^'amnted into 
 one grand City and indeed I j,'o as far as tliat of oiu- |)ros|)eetive Mayor 
 and would inelude the whole Island of Montreal, under the same system 
 as has been inaujyurated in (Jreater New York. We liave not the ditti- 
 c'ulties tliey liave h.id to overcome, no rivers or arms of the sea to pass 
 like as in New York and Brooklyn, we are all one Island ind that tlie 
 most important in tlie dominion of (^anada. .Inst fancy that the total 
 ])opulation of tlie Island of Montreal nearly doubles the t<jt»l of the 
 Province of Princi Edward Island. 
 
 It has its own T.,ej;:i-lature, eiiMctinj,' its own Lawsand rcfjulations, sends 
 its Senators and Members of Parliament to the Canadian Capital and yet 
 Montreal witli all its wealtli and jiopulation must go to tiie Legislature of 
 Quebec, for permission to be allowed to do almost everything. It is 
 prejiosterous. As Home lluleslionld be given to Scotland, Ireland and 
 Wales, to manage tlieir own internal alfairs like the rroviiice- in the nf)nii- 
 nion and the States of the Cnioii, so siiould Montreal have the unden able 
 right of doing likewise especially as the greater amount of tl e taxes retpii ■ 
 red by the Quebec (Jovernment art? taken from the City and the Island. 
 Tliere was once a time in the History of Canada when a movement and a 
 strong one, took jilace of coiiiu^cting this Island with Up|)er (anida, now 
 the Province of (Jntario. If Homo Rule for Montreal does not in the near 
 future berome a '* fait accomj)li ;" may be tlie movement will be recus- 
 sitated and this beautiful Island and metropolitieal City lost to the 
 Province of Quebec. 
 
 Stranger things have happened in these stirring times. A Province 
 equally progresive as any of the present may be formed out of |jarts of 
 Quebec and Ontario and Montreal Island may yet i)eeome one by itself. 
 The B. N. A. Act can be altered as well as any other Law. The great 
 Daniel O'Connell used to declare, "he never saw a Law, but he could 
 drive a coach and six horses through it." Progression is the order of the 
 day and the _lith century is drawing near. I heyoung boys of the Island 
 are fast growing uj) to bo the Rulers and Legislators of the new century 
 and all 1 h»ve said may yet before a (lecade or two of that century has 
 passed be realized. The whole circumstance of the divided municipali- 
 ties of Montreal projier and those of the cuuntry parts reminds me of the 
 City's motto " Concordia Salus" also of an old country saying " I'nited 
 we stand, disunited we fall." 
 
178 
 
 HISTORY OF MOM'KKAL. 
 
 St. Ibcnvi. 
 
 Is also a city by itself, but what applies to St ("micj^oiule 
 applies to St Heuri. St Henri conntains a most important Station o'.' the 
 G. T. R. "All Trains stop at St Henri" tor theri', one brancii takes the 
 traveller , east, north and soutli to New York, Hoston, Portland, Quebec 
 and Halifax, whilst the ot'ier goes west to the K'i»*iit regions of the 
 Occident including all our ))opulous and grow iujs' Canadian cities. 
 
 Some line public buildings are seen in this City. Tiic Churdi is a 
 massive structure. In days of old it was eallod " The Tanneries " and 
 through it, as at this day, runs one of the roads to Lachine. The only 
 great manufactory of Sewing Machines can be easily distinguislu-il from 
 its imposing appearance and also the Cotton .Mills. 
 
 Stc Catbcrinc Street. 
 
 This street is becoming the great business centre of the c'it\ . I can 
 well remember when all the streets above it in the western part to 
 Sherbrooke were an o})en field and when thi- ^^el^lngton Block was 
 built which was then considered a grand row. now both east and west 
 from it, immense business stores rear their heads, showing the pluck and 
 perseverence of onr citizens. 
 
 St Catherine street has been extended east to the present limits of 
 Montreal and west into the suljurbs, springing up everywhere. When a 
 few years ago. St James the Apostles Church waserecteil, all around was 
 unoccupied fields, now on every side bloi-ks of dwellings liave gone up or 
 are going up and a large, populous conmunity, of the better class are 
 settled or are settling in all the streets intersecting St. Catherine st. The 
 English Catljedral was tlie lirst large structure erected and now it is 
 difficult to count the number of grand stores, cliurclies, dwellings^ 
 theatres and other places, dotted over its wiiole lengtli. 
 
 Like many of the other streets, its name is taken from tli'' ('alendar 
 of the Church, and called after. "Ste. (Catherine." Slie was ,i Saint and 
 martyr A, D. 307. She is highly reverenced in both the Eastern and 
 Western Churches, especially among the Greeks, wlio spell her name 
 'Katharine." Her place of martyrdom \vas Alexandria in Egypt, and 
 the mode of torture was between four wheels armed with short spikes or 
 swords, which, revolving dittorent ways lacerat-ed her body to pieces. 
 Hence we have all heard of or seen the katharine or Catherine wheel, 
 her emblem. Perhaps, no Saint, has been represented so often witl. her 
 wheel, in the east as well as the west, aii she has been. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 17M 
 
 
 ':ii!||l|rf''''^^W'*''''i'^ 
 
 ■ilk. ' 
 
 ;i::|!!ii=iti#-ifti;!:;:| j|,| 
 
 
 
 
 'Sir ^'^% 4-^.'^ 
 
110 
 
 niSTORY OF MON'TUKAL. 
 
 Two public sqiinres abut on the Houtli sldo, Imlli in the wost mul. 
 In IniHinesH circloH, whoio can wt- soo ho miiii\ linn Htuit« of nil kiiuls, hh 
 1 lamilton'H, Murphy's, Morj^Hii's, Lewis, S( ri)ji:Ki«''>*- *^ wnijilti-li'M. 'l'(><)ko'H, 
 Slinw'H, Offilvie's, I'aul'H, Hancock iS: Dndf^con's, Alexander's, Urowii'H, 
 Holland's, Phelan's, Hirk'n, and many otin-rs, and iti tlie Kiist end -oinu of 
 tbe b»Ht stores in .Montreal are Connd in this stre(»t, doiri^; a very larj^e 
 amount of business for their eastern eiistoniers. Two Theatres aro in 
 the street. The tiueen's in the west and tlie French theatre in the east. 
 There is also the Academy of INlnsie a few yards from tiie street iiNo the 
 statural History Museum and Art (lailery. In the centio p-irt we li ive 
 the IMateau Academy. This Homan ( 'atln)lic ( 'ommercial Academy w>s 
 erected in 1870, on the I'lateau between St Catherine and Onbiriostreets. 
 To P. S. Murphy Esq, .Member of the Council of l'id)Mc lustnn-tion and 
 School Commissioner fur Montroal, an 1 his uutiriuK elT'orts th i( it is 
 j)iincii)aliy owin>;f that the cause of I'lducilion anioiiK <>tir Calh'ilic 
 fellow citi/.ens in this city has been elevated to the liiKh standard it 
 now occupies. And it is also due to him to state that to his cidtivated 
 taste and love of Art, we owe the splendid structure and ornanuMital 
 grounrls on the IMafeau, and the mmy other line l)uildin>,'s erected by 
 the Catholic School Commissioners which embelli>di and adorn various 
 parts of our City, tliree lino views of which are given in this Hook 
 through liis kindness. 
 
 After passing Hleury street St. James .Mctliodi^st Church looms up as 
 one of the most imposing structures in Montreal. My old friend l)r, Ilobt 
 Campbell has his St. Gabriel Church removed from the Champ do .Mars to 
 a littls^ distance of this cliurch on the opposite side. His old chiu'ch 
 was tiie first I'resbyierian one erecteil in the city and dates back to 
 lliis time last century. I lie genial Doctor published somo years ago a 
 most interesting w< rk on the History of the Church and Montreal which 
 includes a vast amount of important m itter on " Old Montreal." 
 
 Standing facing Phillip's S()uare. is the structure of Morgan's Store, a 
 credit, to the City and btnlt of good old .Scotch red sand stone ;^ freestone) 
 from the great Corncockle quarries of Ayrshire. It is one of tlie siglits 
 of the City. N\ ithin is a perfect iJitnorama of almost everything to 
 delight tiio eyes and it is bard (with a ligijt purse) not to break tlie 
 commandment^^. (Thou shalt not covet.) The two founders Henry and 
 James Morgan liave passed to tiie groat majority, but their successors 
 continue this great business with the energy and pluck whicli charac- 
 terized the old lirm when years ago, the establishment stooil in McGill 
 Street. 
 
 Living in Hochelaga during the twenty four years of the Writer's 
 Incumbency in the English Church there he always found the whole 
 family intellectual and gifted and one of the daughters has secured to her- 
 self an undying fame by her beautiful hook of poetry and English poeti 
 cal translations from the French and (Jerman and which was highly 
 eulogised in Canada, the United States and England. , 
 
HISTOIIV UF MONTHKAL. 
 
 18t 
 
 ST. JAMEvS METHODIST LlHUROH. 
 
' 
 
 HIHTUliV OF MONTKKAIi 
 
 Mii'kM' lnr^t« tort^ iict'il nnlx \n^ iiKMitioiiiil hy NtatiiiK'< it i'* tli*' 
 liii'^i'Ht ill MoiitiTiil iiiid one III' itH objtH't Ni^htM iiitoiMiiillv. Oppo^^ih' !'< 
 tli(> lii>niitit'iil KiikIIhIi ( atlio iral with itH clmstu iiioiiiniioiit to tlit* IIihI 
 Hisliop of .M(iiitr«>iil iiinl Mt'tropnlitiiii of ('fuiiiilfi ami b«yoiiil it H«>t< iioiixi' 
 tlic (<ni<'ial I'l^Hidciici* o! tlii< AiiKlicui Kisliop 
 
 \\ n iiiiiHt not casually puss iiy willioiii "ipcnlxiiiu ol t wo important 
 InstitutionH iiuar St, ('atlitti'iii«> StrtM<t. " 'I'lu' Vnt.riiiary ('oIU'k'h" ami 
 "Naliiial History Must>iiiii." I lu> f(/niu'r is pivsjiiiMl pvit l»y nm. of tho 
 best known Doi-torsin lin- Doiiiiiiion ami so ii'spccti'il ami skilliii that 
 lut is tiiu MM'o^ni/.iMJ ollicial of tli(4 Doininioii (iovoi iiiiiciit in all ilis(>ast>s 
 coniitit'toil with catMo, a rt<Hpoiisibltt situation, as Caiiatia'N Kt't'Ht fiitiiic 
 export IiikIh to Enrop«>, with its coroals, w ill coiisist of its nniiiiaJH, its 
 cluiiisc anil but t«M'. I'r. Mi-I'liiLhHrn ii('stu"Vos wi'll of tlio (•niiiiitiinity for 
 having already shown his clisi-riniination in ctTtain issiiHs wliicii wtM'o 
 before tlie public ix'Kardint,' i|uarantim>, etc. 
 
 Tlio Natiiriil liistory Mnsetiiu contains om> of thi' finest cDliections in 
 Cannda l)nt is too littlo know n. Two or tliii'i- hours ran Ito prolitiliiy 
 spent hti(3 in MirvcyiiiK its wonderful cnriosit ies, cliicf anioiiK w hich.aii! 
 the presents «if that liirife liearteii citi/en tiie late lionorabht .faines li^errier 
 w hieji he brought frt)in h^K.vpt and the l']ast. Anionjj: th»'iii \- a perfect 
 l<>>ryptian Miiiinny and wlieii looking nn the s|iri\(!lleii dried up f^ce it 
 recalls to ones mind tlie splendid s(an/,is of tlie I'oeni writti'ii to 
 anotlier Mummy in Rel/.oni'.H Exiiibition. 
 
 A good hull is found in the MitHenn and the; Writer reinenibeis in the 
 sixties of liMviiiK delivered a Lecture on ( dncliolop;y in it to the pupils of 
 all till! li.id es Si'hools then in Montreal. In tho-e da\s l/idies Scliools 
 were ^''cat institutions in thel ity. Xolhin^; more need Ue siiid but that 
 it WHS a meat success o\viiiK to the Chaiiinan beinic Dr. llingsion, now 
 Sir William IliiiKston, a lifelonj,' friend of the Writer's mid one of whom 
 Montreal miiy well be jaoud. Sir Widimn is a man of a thousand and he 
 iuiH sliown it when lie was Mmvoi' <>f Montreal, l»\ his w uld w ide repu- 
 tation, by ills high position in his profo.ssion ami the late murk of merit 
 in distinK<iishii)K Idm "Sir William" though his good old titlt! "Dr 
 llingston" ever is the lirst on the lips of his old friends. 
 
 I cannot pass by these few remarks on Sir. W illiam in |)aiticular and 
 Physicians in gi'iieral but es|»eeially on our genial Doctor, uith'uit 
 cpioting from the Jiook of the Apocrypha in l^]eclesiasfciciis .'iSchaj). w here 
 it is thus written. " Honor a j)hysieiaii with the honor due unto him, 
 for of the Most High cometh healing and he shall receive honor of tlie 
 Iving. The skill of tiie I'hjsician shall lift up liis head and in the >ight 
 of great men lie sliall be in admiration. " 
 
 We now come to, on both sides of the street a long M.ries of stores of 
 all kinds. One of the best known Cliemist stores in the city is that of 
 ' Lewis. " For many years he liad his business establishmont in tin- Y . M. 
 
IIIHTOUV OF MONTKKAI-. 
 
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 S3 
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 lilSTORV UK MONTRKAL. 
 
 C. Association linililinK '» Victoria Sciuare but like ho many of the down 
 Town ruorchants has conio into this street wliicli is rapiiliy becoming the 
 liroadway oi' Montreal. 1 lie interior oi" Mr. Lewis' store is eliastily 
 arifinKi'd and every tliiiif; siiows tiiat tins Prdjirit'tor has artisti*- tastes 
 eonibintd with his extensive knowleclge of (Jiieniis'.y and Materia 
 Mediea. To him the Piiaru)a<-o|)(eia is not a sealed but an open book. 
 
 Shaw's I'iauoand Mnsic store has also come from under the hill, 
 Henry Shaw \\ as one oT t he l)esi knowi, men in tlie city, twenty iive years 
 ago, in his business. I can well lemember \\ lien he liisLeame to Montreal 
 as A>,'ent and Auctioneer for larRe (lu.intities ofliooks brou^iit frtnn 
 Kn>j;land. I liis is to some extent carried i>n by his Ihotlier. Perhaps no 
 such Auctioneer for Mooks evc^r appeared in this C'it_\'. lie seemed to be 
 perfectly ac((uainteil with every volume whieli he held up in his hand and 
 his eiudite remarks on it made one buy \\ hether previously inclined or 
 not. 
 
 '! liis store does a larpe amount of business especially in music and 
 the dilTerent musical instruments, found therein besides Pianos and 
 Organs. 
 
 Oft email, those of Murphy's and ()j!;ilvie's and Hamilton's stand 
 out conspiciK)usly. Jolin Muiphy is a worthy son of his father, the dear 
 old man, 1 ktuiW so well in the early years of the fifties, wlien ho had 
 his store at tiie corner of St John and Notre i^ame streets. Jle was one 
 of the most ^fenial old Irishman in liu» cit\ . and his saintly wife was a 
 diamond cf the first water, It is a littiiij^: si^piel to the father's probity 
 and truth tiiat his son has built nj) such a business on the foundation of 
 the ol<l " lielfast l^inen Store " of the Iouk a^jfo. 
 
 As a Florist and one u ho has succeeded well in Montreal, must be 
 mentioned ( oliu (amjibell. His conservatories must be seen to be 
 described but, as I have never reached tiie distinction of beiuK aljle to do 
 justice to and describe su( h establisjiinents. my advice to my Uea<lers 
 is, for all to K<> there and tlien to his store and see and purchase for 
 themselves the beautiful jilants and llowers. 
 
 Ihunilttms is a store \\ liieh can oul\' be seen to be des libed. Once a 
 Presbyterian ("h'lich, they have transformed it internally into a veritable 
 Oriental Ha/.aar and the ever oblip:inj; firm with their large corps of 
 assistants are taxed to the utmost on cheap side's days. It is a pity that 
 the outward appearauce of the store does not fulfil the ideas of the 
 interior, but tiiis may be remedied in the future. 
 
 Ogilvie's is a grand new store, an ornament to the street and the 
 piace where every thing " Scotch " can be procured. The senior partner 
 has succeeded well since, years ago, lie opened his store at the corner of 
 Mountain ami St. Antoine streets. Every thing is very substantial in this 
 establishment from tluit of the owner hiuHelf to the quality of his goods 
 ana Daughters of Old Scotia flock there knowing they will get all the 
 Clan Tartans of Caledonia and tlie best of Englisli goods. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 185 
 
 -rfS -tCS jCl—iCS _.<>■. rf^i_K^„ rt^_-'^. aC^ ri'i .i<>j- -tft .(ft Jftl- .;7;_r0i_cCV.iC^ -t-^u. c^: 
 
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 BIRKS' STORK. 
 
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lirsTOIlY OK MONTUKAL. 
 
 187 
 
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 One corner store, the internal view of wliicli is jfiven, is tlmt of 
 Walter Paul's. Tliis is the n:re;it Kstablislinient in Montreal, for all 
 <iroe(»rieH, l>'iuits and sncli like. Walter l*;iul is as well known as St. Cathe- 
 rine street itself, and it is becanse he is an upri^rlit and conscientious 
 dealing man, that he has acquired such a prominence. He is a member 
 of various, charitable and t)ther institutions ami a lar^'e hearted citizen 
 in all benevolent schemes. 
 
 We must nr»t |)ass by tlie Kvan|?elistic Rooms and store. They are 
 presided over by the well knoA^n Miss Barber. She is a daughter of 
 the old Professor of Klocution of McGill ( ' ille^e, Hr. Barber, and in the 
 fi ties, in the Hij^h School of that Institution, the Writer had often to 
 listen to ills uni(|ue method of instruction when he was one of the 
 i eachers of that School, 
 
 Some fine Churches are found in the west end of St. Catherine ami 
 intersectiuK streets, and between this street and Sherbrooke are many 
 interesting buildings. 
 
 The Diocesan (ollejfe was built entirely by tlie great liberality of 
 A. F. Gault Esq. It is a fine buililiiiK and rellects credit on the 
 Architect. The High School too is a large structure, but 1 <iuestiftn 
 whether the mode of K lucatiou is up to that whi(rh emanated from the 
 Old High School of Mc(iill. 1 he great number of our first class English 
 Merchants Literary and l*fofes>:ioial m^nan 1 others holding the rJ ns of 
 Montreal's prosperity in their iiands, who were educated there, is an un- 
 an.swere.l j)roof that the education given in the forties, fifties and sixties 
 was as tliorough as that now given witli its grades and subdivissions 
 anil modern idetts. I could pick out from all the above classes men now 
 in .Mont eal who owe their present position to the good and thorougli 
 education they received in those old days, from such Educators as Rector 
 Howe, T. A. Gibson, ])avi<l Roger, Wm. Bowman and J. I). B. May the 
 present Higii School, however. j)rosper as the old one did. It is under a 
 good staff of Teachers and the School Commissioners are men wlio know 
 their duty and responsibiht}', and are striving to keep up to these ])ro- 
 gressive times. 
 
 On Stanley street stands the Synagogue of the Spanish and Portuguese 
 Jews. This building (a beautiful cut of its Interior is given) was erected 
 in 18911 and opened for public worship. It is a most attractive edifice 
 being based on the best traditions of Jewisli arcliiteeture. It is a com- 
 bination of the massive forms of Ancient Egypt with tlie graceful 
 features of Eastern art. Within everything is choice and beautiful. Its 
 'ofty c )lonnades, its remarkable Ark of best mahogany and marble and 
 its fine coloring, all unite to make it quite distinct from any other place 
 of worship in Montieal, and as I said in my large (Jazetecr "give it an 
 individuality appropriately in keeping with the striking indivitluality of 
 the Peculiar People who worsiii)) within its walls." 
 
188 
 
 HISTOUV OP. MONTREAL 
 
 D 
 
HI8T0UV OF MONTRKAL. 
 
 180 
 
 I'liis sliort (U'limiit would bo inc(tiiii»lt'tt) witlioul. luuntioiiiriK the 
 well known Dr. I'eSola, wIiosd .son lias inlientiui tlio nuintlo which fell 
 Ironi his father'H .shouUlerH when ho Joinod the f<''»?"t miijority. l>i'. 
 |)«>Sola was a icintwkahlo man both ni his wiitiii^s and orndition and 
 one ol' Mi(iill's I'lot'oMSKi's and 1 fool niynoli" proud to iiavo boon, nearly 
 fifty years ago, associatod w ith him as one o'.' tiio inimy Teachers of 
 M(,'(«ill in tlioso ear!\ days. His son Clarence Irvl the distinction of 
 l>lanninj,' and ovi-rsocing tliu constrncUon of the SynaK<>Ki*e, which 
 enables luo to say, that altlionKh a bnsy man in is niorciUitilo career, he 
 yet eonld draw ont and carry to :4uccessfnl i-ssne such a building a» is uu 
 hoaof to Montreal. 
 
 I well romombor when St .James the Apostle's Ciinrch stood alone in 
 a field and fields then all around. Tiio worthy Rjctur, Rvd, Canon 
 Kllogoode will shortly hold iiis .lubilee, wlion he was ordainod. He is 
 and has always boon one of the most polished gentlemen in Montreivl and 
 of its representatives, aw he was of the Bishop, at the great public d nner 
 giv^en to our retiring Mayor, H. Wilson Smith, Esq.. which was honored 
 by the presence of the talented young Archbishop Hruciiesi of Moitreal. 
 
 Some Association ground; for recreation are pas-od at tho west 
 end. where the youth of Montreal show their agility in tiio dilToront 
 branches of athh^tics etc Tht^ Western Hospital, doing a good work 
 is seen a little off on the south .side. We proceed west till wo reacii the 
 tJlen. This brings u|i miiuioriesof the fifties, when the Writer was more 
 tlian once a guest of the late Hugh Ramsay, one of tho best known of 
 old Montrealers and whose son Kobert, a talented Advocate of the city, 
 died in the juiino of his life a few years ago. I'he Manor House was 
 then called "Tho Glen "' hence to tliis day tho name is perpetuated in the 
 dell there soon. One road to tlie Moinitain Park comes down and moetH 
 St. Catherine street at this point, but all is so changed now, that the old 
 proprietor would scarcely know the place. 
 
 ••> .■■•-' ^^rf' Si— ■'■^•s*' 
 
IIIHTORV OK MONTKKAI.. 
 
 Nonunion Square. 
 
 This Siiuaru was uriKinally a Roman CatliolicCemi'torv, and liuinlreds 
 of citizens Htill lie below its siiriiu-o. It was made a public scjiiare and 
 hnndreds more were taken ont when tlie ( ote de \eiKes (Jenii'teiv open- 
 ed up, tlieirboneH were eollected in heaps and taken there, the old cortins 
 bein^ |)ilud up in large stacks and burned on the spot. This continued 
 till Tears of an epidemic caused them to be ciirted to I'ointe St. Charles 
 and there burned in the holds. It is now the largest and best Sijuare 
 in the City, but I can never pass tjvei* the Sipiareand especially the north 
 side of it without these lines of the EiiKlish I'oet running tiirough my 
 mind. 
 
 *' Heiieath our feet and o'er our liead 
 Are countless warnings given, 
 Beneath us lie the silent dead 
 Above us is the Heaven." 
 
 The fine picture following this short description of the .S()uare was 
 received from New York and is an admirable view of the Scjuare. 
 
 Some of the linest buildings in Montreal are found liere, as St James 
 Cathedral, Windsor Hotel, Y. M. C. Association Rooms, Hamilton's stoi-e, 
 Methodist Church, St Ceorge's Church, the C. 1'. H. Depot and the line 
 monument to .Sir John A. McDonald. I'erliajis the most important 
 imposing and largest religious odillce, not onlv in Canada, but in America 
 is St James Catliedral. It is an exact du})licate in the scale of one half of 
 the celebrated St Peters in Rome, its length is '.'AW feet with a jiortico of 
 30 feet, its breadth is J'J.j feet at the transept The height from tlie 
 pavement to ridge of the roof is no less than HI) feet, the height of the 
 dorue witii lantern ball and cross 230 feet whilst the interior diameter of 
 tlie dome is 70 feet. It is not yet completed and when, will present to 
 thej eye of the spectator one of the grandest structures to the glory 
 of God to be found in any country. .Near by, anil connected with it is 
 the I'alace of the Archbishop of .Montteal. This title recalls to the 
 Writer's mind a former saintly Archbishop (Hourget) who, with his 
 genial and talented Canon (Lamouche) did much to establish tlie 2nd 
 edition of the " Harp of Canaan " in Canadian Schools and especially in 
 soma of the principal Ecclesiastical Convents. > 
 
 
HISTOIIY OK MONTUKAI-. 
 
 101 
 
 'X 
 
 C/3 
 
 > 
 
 
IIISTOIIY OF MONTH KA I.. 
 
 J 
 
 -cg>..<gi ifti <fa-<qt.^fg»-<g>— tg»-iff>-j8>— tg| i»i tt. -ef»^u<b-tfa— tfa -cfa-tfa-.ttfi .fh- :fii.. 
 
 1 
 
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 -c,y— i^r-t^y-[,jj-T,lT-t,jr-i,j3- 1^ - 
 
 Y. M,1C. A. BUILDING. 
 
 r -cjj-ta'-taj-v .T«r-t^ 
 
 .r 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 108 
 
 An Aiitlinr may, Indeed, Imve well felt proud, when lie reoeive«i huiIi 
 comniendAtion from the highest authority in Montreal of hin literary 
 labors. It roadi as followM : 
 
 Kveeh^ de Montreal. 
 
 Cher MouHieur, 
 
 "Chaque iiHge de votre ouvrage est une des plus brillantefi <l(> la 
 literature Chr^tienne et renneiuble pour un tableau complet do I'liiMtoiro 
 des deux Testaments, tracu vraiuient du main de luaitre. .fadmire 
 comme vous aveK pu rapprocher et Her ensemble tant de piecen detacln'e.s 
 Hans rien forc^j puurtnnt, ni rien sacriHer du recit. C'eft, A mons muiis 
 UQ rare merite, et je vouh felicite de tout canir." 
 
 The Windsor is the largest Hotel In Canada, and is owned by a syn- 
 dicate, of wliich Charles Garth is President. It is always tlie abode of 
 the (iovernor-Oeneral when lie visits Montreal, and has now built to it a 
 large Hall, where many gatherings are held, and delighful concerts. 
 
 The Y. M. ('. A. Building is too well known, as their association is, 
 to require much notice from me. It has for years been the menus of 
 doing a vast amount of good to the young men of Montreal, and has ever 
 been most ably conducted by Mr. Budge, who is always alive to every 
 movement which may help young men and keep them from theatros and 
 saloons. His work is well known all over America, and no man is bcttm' 
 fitted than he is to do what he is doing. May he long be spared to thu 
 Institution. ITe is in his ofliclal capacity the right m.in in the right 
 place. 
 
 I am very glad to bo able to j)lace here in connection with the Y. M. 
 C. A. Building, a sliort sketch of the present esteemed President of tliat 
 important Christian institution, and I may add that the app;)iutiueut of 
 Mr. Ames to his present position ia the Council of Montreal as Aldenn in 
 for the most influential and moneyed ward in the city has been a ^ood 
 step in the right direction, and in the various civic functions whirii lie 
 will be called upon for the next two important years to perform, he will 
 do nothing that will militate against the development of his native city, 
 but everything to endeavor to make Montreal, as she is destined to be, 
 the Metropolitical city of Canada, which in the next century will be one 
 of the powerb of the Continent. 
 
 H. B. Ames was born in Montreal, 27th June 1868. His early 
 education was obtained in the city, and wa? supplemented by a four 
 years classical course in college at Amherst, Mass. 
 
 Upon graduation at the age of tv^enty-two, Mr. Ames went into 
 business with his father, in the firm of The Ames, Holden Co., wholesale 
 manufacturers of boots and shoes, where he remained until December of 
 
IIU 
 
 MIHTOIIY OF MONTKKAL. 
 
 1HI)8. Since that tiinu Mr. AnieH Iiah Kiven lih tituo nlniost exeliiNively to 
 Htiuiy au(i iiublic work. At preHunt liu holds tliu I'ollowinfc poMitionH:— 
 
 Moiubur of till) I'rotcstKiit (Joiiiiintteu of tlit) Comicil of I'lihlic liiHtriic- 
 tlon : I'ruHidunt of the YtuiiiK Mtju'f^ Christian AHsociiitioii ; Aldurninn for 
 St. Antoiiie Wuril in the City Council : Klder nnd c-htrlv of the SewNion of 
 the American I'rcHbyteriun Cluircii, iind htiH until recently been I'roMident 
 of tiie Volunteer Klectoral Lchku«', and Secretary of tlie Municipal 
 ANHociation. Mr. AmeH in aim) a Director in iialf a <lo/.en mercantile 
 c'ompaniea, and owner of an extennive plant of workinKUkeuti' dwellings 
 operated on ))hilantliropic principleM. 
 
 Mr. Ames npeakH Krencii and KuKlish and has been a contributor to 
 the Century Maga/.ine ; Cana<lian MaKa/.ine ; the Hulletin of the hepart- 
 niont of Iiab(»r, and other pnblicatioiiH. In the spring of 1807, he pub- 
 liHhed a work entitled "Tlie (,'ity Below the Hill," bein)r a HocioloKJcul 
 study of a considerable induNtrial Hection of the City of Montreal. 
 
 The CI;' rches in this Stpuire speak for themselves. St. Georjfe'n is 
 par excellance, ihe church for tiio Kiifjflish people, thouKh its Rector is 
 the genial and well known Irishman, " Dean Carmicljael." The present 
 Anglican Hishop was connected with St. (ie(»rgo's as first, Assistant 
 .M inister, then as Hector, and now as Hishop, for over half a century. 
 Some of the wealthiest people in Montreal attend this church. When 
 the spire is completed it will be one of the ornamentH of the wquare. 
 
 The C. I', n. Station, a tine cut of which is K'ven, through the kind- 
 nes:s of Mr. McNicoll, needs no pen of mine to praise it or the railway, of 
 which it is Montreal's terminus. The C.P,R lian revolutionized Canada, 
 and without it the vast plains in the West would still be barren wilds. 
 It deserves well of the people of Canada. 
 
 Although a good deal of " scare" in some public quartern against 
 this railway in the years past was lieard, Canadians are now beginning 
 to see that their country owes more than thanks to tliose intrepid men 
 •who organized the company and carried throu^^h )?uch a vast undertaking, 
 even before the time expired by contract for doing ho The British 
 Government, too, acknowledges the utility of the line, tor now by it are 
 sent to or brought back, all reinforcements for the Western Coast and 
 Pacific Fleet. It will yet be. in connection with the People's Railway, 
 " The Intercolonial," from Halifax to Vancouver, the great highway to 
 India, China and Japan, and the yearly increase of traffic and extension 
 in every direction, proves that under the management of Sir William 
 Van Home and his able assistants, the C.P.R. will continue to be one of 
 the brightest and best jewels in Canada's escutcheon. 
 
 The origin of the C. P. R. was this, many complaints had been made 
 by the merchants of Montreal, that tliey could not get their goods push- 
 ed on to the sea board and iu December 1H73, they were unusually severe 
 
IIINTOUY OK MONTUKAL 
 
 list 
 
 ing 
 
 men 
 
 »g. 
 ti.sh 
 are 
 and 
 ay, 
 to 
 iioa 
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 ere 
 
106 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 wliifli restilteil in a f'onniil correHpoiKU'iice and protests aud counter 
 ))rote.stH betweuii the Stpiiiusliips Coiiipiiny (Allan's) the Railway 
 CoMi|)atiy and the Corn P'xcJiBnjfc. Xo hvss than over a million bushels 
 of graui anil nearly l»0,On(l barrels v\' Hour were stored in Montreal Tor 
 export. The tliird protest can be sumnierixed in this, ** trains were 
 roiiiiiK over the Victoria Mridtrt>, lilied with I'nited States i)roducts, and 
 Canadian sliippei's could not K'ct cars to cairy away their produce for 
 shipment." 
 
 While niattei's stood in this prcdiciinient a railway called the 
 " Xoithern Colonization" from Montreal to Ottawa, the eapit;)!, was 
 strenuously and actively advocated, iucludiuK a brancli line of about 14 
 miles to St. .Terome. As far back as I.S(18, this rccid had been piojected 
 by " leather Labelle " the patriotic cur»- of that \'illaKe. His idea w »s to 
 Iiave a wooden Railway (like the old joliette one) to open up tlic line 
 c(Mintry, nortli of St. .leroiue. 
 
 Sir IIukIi Allan took it up and Ottawa became the objective point. 
 It resulted in a million of dollars being subscribed by the City of .Moiii- 
 real towards this object. After some time, the railway assiiaud ihe 
 namti uf the "Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental " or as it was 
 then known by the Initials Q., M., O, >N; O. H. The writer, with Katlier 
 I.abt'lle, did good work in brinpiuK the terminus into Montreal. He was 
 tluMi Rector of Iloch' lapa and the end of the I.ine was to be in his 
 ))iiri^li, and when entrance within the city was secured, a voteof thanks 
 from the Contractors was all he ever received, save the satisfaction of 
 dniiiK sometliing ior the east of Montreal. Finally, the new line, the (J, 
 1*. U. absorbed all these lines, and now has a continuous connection from 
 Quebec and Montreal to Ottawa, whence as we all know, it steams west 
 till it lands its jjassengers in Vancouver, on the sliores of the blue 
 Pacific 
 
 Sir Hugh Allan was tlie first President of the road, and it has had 
 some notable men since. Lord Strathcona being one. The jiresent incum- 
 bent of the oflice. Sir William Van Home, ably sustains the character of 
 liis predecessor, and under the V^ice-Presidency of T. (i. Shaugnessy . 
 Esqr., and his able management, the C. P. R. is developing north, south, 
 east and west over all the br ad Dominion. It is, indeed, the Queen's 
 highway to India. Long may it be so, as a means of uniting tlie east 
 with tlie west, and binding tlie vast jioosessions of Her .Majesty more 
 firmly in one grand bond of brotherhood and love. Yet above all shall 
 Hoat our country's flag, for Canada is still and ever will be, "The 
 brightest gem in Britain's diadem." 
 
 Montreal possesses very few iniblic monuments throughout tlie city. 
 The Queen's, Vitoria Square, and at tlie Donalda College, Sherbrooke 
 Street, Sir John A. McDonald's in Dominion Square, Maisouueuve's in 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 1^ 
 
 had 
 
 |im- 
 
 of 
 
 Ith, 
 
 ire 
 [all 
 the 
 
 Place d'Arrnes Square, Chenier's in Vit?er Square, and Nelson's on Jacques 
 Cartier S(|uare, are about all that a viyitur sees on his peri^rinations 
 round the city. 
 
 Some of our departed citizens who have done so much fur Montreal 
 should have public monuments. Look wliat Sir Huph Allan di;! in the 
 shippini; business of tiiiscit_\ — what Hon. John Vouuk did for the develop- 
 ment of Montreal. What Hon. .lames McGill did in its educational Khu-y 
 How Sir George Cartier and Sir Louis Lafontaine both distinguished its 
 legal ranks, not to speak of tlie two yet living men, i-aised higli as miiu- 
 bers of the House of Lords, by their munificent gifts to Canada at large 
 and Montreal in particuhir. 
 
 Plenty of simce ix found in all the principal squares to erect such 
 monuments. 
 
 A new Hotel has been opened at the foot of Windsor Street and 
 corner of St. James, The Queen's Hotel. Another opposite the C. P. 11, 
 Depot, is most convenient to strangers arriving at that depot, as the 
 Queen's is to tlie travelling public when they arrive at tlie Honaventure 
 Station of the G. T. U. 
 
 St. Jude's Church is one of tlie modern Cliurclies of Montreal. The 
 present Rector has been in charge of tlie Church and I'arish since ISTii 
 and after twenty two years of faithfnl work he has tlie satisfaction of 
 seing now over five hundred families in connection with St Judes. The 
 Church is lighted by Electricity and recently has had built' in it one of 
 tlie finest organs in Montreal. 
 
 Tlie poi)le in the vicinity (even those who do not , belong to St. 
 Jude'." are all interested in St. Jude's as is seen whenever any social or 
 Literay gathering takes place, when all denominations are represented in 
 the audience. As a public man we wish Revd Canon Dixon long prosp- 
 erity in his labors and clerical life. 
 
 
 |ty. 
 
 ]ke 
 
 iu 
 
IM 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 
 ST. JUDE'S OHUROH, 
 
HISTORY£OP MONTREAL. 
 
 H* 
 
 Mc0tmount, formerly caUc^ Cote St. Hntoine. 
 
 Westrcount is'one of the most flourishing suburbs of Montreal. 
 Here everything is conducted rh the citizens fondly think, on the most 
 progressive style, a close municipality it is, wliere no heavy vehicles 
 dare go over certain avenues, (for all the streets an* avenues,) no cycling 
 without bells, no intoxicating drink allowed in the city, consequently 
 no hotels or saloons. Well, I presume that in many of the private 
 houses, tlie Lords of Creation, order their Wine and Beer from Montreal 
 and Prohibition is not yet dominant in Westmount, nevertheless, it is a 
 good sign when saloons are stopped, and it won. 1 be much better for 
 Montreal, if five iiundred less, were in it, and stopped too. 
 
 Westmount must, like all other cities and suburban corporations, 
 come into the city in the near future. It cant live without tlie city. I 
 presume that 7-lOths of its population draw all their income from Mont- 
 real, and when the battle comes, the great city can then pass by-laws so 
 regulating tliose, living out of its limits, that necessity will compel them 
 all to join into one organization. Of course it is a fine thing to be Mayor or 
 Councillor of one of these adjuncts to Montreal, but it is also an expen- 
 sive thing for Montreal, say at fires, to send out her Brigade, to extin- 
 guish what is not within her borders, and the same with drains, water 
 and many other arrangements, so that in the future, not only these out- 
 lying municipalities but the wnole island will become "The City of Mont- 
 real." As much opposition was raised to the idea of the uniting New 
 York, Brooklyn and other towns adjacent, but it is now an accomplished 
 fact, and so it will be in the near future with Montreal. 
 
 There are some fine residences in Westmount and a fine school, of 
 which the citizens may well be proud. To the west of it is one of the 
 most benevolent institutions on the island, " The McKay Institute for 
 the Deaf and Dumb." It has for years been doing a good work, and has 
 been a blessing to the country. Not far from it is the well known Con- 
 vent of Villa Marie, of old called Monklands, the residence of the Governor 
 General until the fanatical burning of the Parliament House in 1849. 
 The large Convent was burned some years ago, but is again in a flourish- 
 ing state. A fine picture of it is given at page 39 of this volume, and an 
 interesting sketch at page 99. 
 
 Over Cote des Neiges Hill we come to the Roman Catholic Cemetery, 
 which must be visited to be entirely described, and passing it we enter 
 the thriving village of the same name. 
 
 A beautiful view can be obtained when driving, on a summer's day 
 down the Cote St. Antoine road, of Montreal West, the Canal, Victoria 
 Bridge and all the landscape for miles around, but nothing like that from 
 the top of the Mountain, which gives a far more extended vision. 
 
200 
 
 HISTORV OP MONTRBAL 
 
 Sbcrbrooke Screet. 
 
 Sberbrooke Street has always been the aristocratic street of Mont- 
 real. It Avas named after one of the Governors of Canada. It extends 
 at |)resent from Papiueaii Road in the east to the western limits of the 
 city and outlying municipalities. Although it is sucli a " tony " street, yet 
 it is one of the worst in the city as regards pavement — the old fashioned 
 " .M c Adam " still being the material us id in keeping it in order. Some 
 day in the near future, under the new regime, it may be as well asphalted 
 as St. Catherine and Dorchester Streoc West. 
 
 There are no manufactures on this street. It is devoted to fine (some 
 of them magnificent) private dwellings and centres of Art and Educa- 
 tion. It is remarkable that at the far east and at the far west, the 
 street is fas it were) embraced by two great Roman Catholic seats of 
 learning, the Jacques Cartier Normal School and the Montreal College 
 (S«>minary). In its centre part the Mount St. Louis College, the Donalda 
 College and McGill University and other buildings, inviting all shades, 
 all elas^ses, male and female, to enter their halls in pursuit of knowledge. 
 Allied with the latter two, other colleges stand alongside of McGill, the 
 Presbyterian and Congregational, and not far distant the Diocesan Col- 
 lege, HO that on the whola Ave must come to the foot of the Royal Mount 
 to get our higher education, demonstrating there is no roijid laaO to learn- 
 ing but hard study and severe application. 
 
 About where McGill College Avenue is situated and all along that 
 part, anciently stood the old village of Hochelaga in the days of Jacques 
 Cartier, and in the excavations for buildings some years ago, pieces of 
 pottery. Hint arms, and even bones were tlirown ixp and eagerly pounced 
 upon by antiquarians and others, as relics of that olden time. 
 
 The Jacques Cartier Normal School, is too well known, to need any 
 pen of mine, to elucidate its capabilities and usefulness. Even in the 
 days when it was located in the Chateau Ramzay, it was doing good 
 work. This has increased a thousand fold at the present time and the 
 City may be proud of both its Normal Schools, for the Jacques Cartier 
 and Belmont Normal Schools, are sending forth capable men and 
 women, to do the greatest of all national work, " teaching the young." 
 lioth institutions are superintended by two well known educationists. 
 Rev. Abbe Verreau and Dr. Robins, men eminently fitted for their 
 position, and the hope of everyone wishing well for this country is, that 
 both may be long spared to hold the reins of these two institutions, and 
 in the future do for the country what they have done before. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
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 HISTORY OP MONTREAL 
 
 An in»i)ortant luHtitntion of rieHrninK. coiiich next, Tlio !S[oiiiit St, 
 Loui.s College. TluHfstabli.Hlimeut is botli, a boanliiiK sclio;)! mid a day 
 Rchool. Perfect orilor prt'vailH within it, aw ♦^lie ditYcrentdepai'tinuntH are 
 all under military disvipliiio. Indeed the Cadets of Mount St. Lotun 
 College could bo depended on, in anemergont'y, for doing as good military 
 work as some of the older corps of the city, and they had tiie honor of 
 carrying off The Duke of 'Jonnaught's Hag, for best drill, more than 
 once. 
 
 The Christian Brother', wlio teach here and in so many different 
 places in Montreal and the Province, have done a good work for the 
 education of the young, and all praisM is due to them, for the splendid 
 ediHce they have erected on Sherbrooke street. 
 
 A great Religious Institution stands in this street, near St. Lawrence 
 Main. The convent of the "(jlood Sheplicrd." This is both, a cloistered 
 as well as a public Institution. Connected with it, the Nuns have the 
 sole management of the female Prison (' atholic side) Kullum street, and 
 in the experience of the writer (over twenty years) they have faithfully 
 done their duty in that Prison To this may be added that they have 
 a Reformatory for girls in their house on Sherbrooke street, and that 
 much good accrues from this department. 
 
 After crossing St, Lawrence Main, on tiio nortli side, is a new Hospi- 
 tal or Home for Incurables, (-allcil the "St. Margaret's Home." Tills 
 was entirely the gift of Honorable .Senator Druminond. We all remember 
 during the small Pox Epidemic, the work which was done by the 
 sisters then and which WAS publicly acknowledged by the city Coun- 
 cil. 
 
 I cannot pass along the next part of Sherbrooke street without 
 thinking of the days when on its south side, at this part, there was a 
 well known Institution, ' Gilbeau's Gardens.' This was a fine Zoological 
 and Gymnastic Instition, patronized by thousands of citizens. In it was 
 a good display of the Animal Kiiigdom Beasts, Birds and Reptiles. I can 
 well remember the fuss and excitement when the fir.^t and only "Lordly 
 Lion " was born in Montreal. Even a week or two old, the forest king 
 had a rough tongue and it was a treat to hold him in ones arms and 
 then be able to say *' I lield a real Lion once." It grew to be a magnifi- 
 cent specimen of the leonine race and afterwards was exhibited in the 
 city with the circus of tlie world wide showman " Barnum ' tlien it was 
 a noble specimen and tliose like myself who gazed on him and he had 
 fondly laid in our arms always thought " descretion was the better part 
 of valor." Why have not the citizens of Montreal, the pluck to institute a 
 Zoo which would be an lionor to our metropolitical city ? Pictures and 
 statues of the animal kingdom, give but a faint idea of the reality, I 
 know when, in London I spent a whole day in the Zoo as well as that of 
 
HISTORY OF MONTRRAL. 
 
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 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 Kdinbui'Kli t'tc, lookiiiK on t'u "womlori'iil works of (tod" in llix iiiiiiiml 
 Ci-L'Htiuii, uikI iiolliinK <'(iu(*ates a cliild iiioi-t! tliriii ol)si*t'viii>; iIim iictiial 
 liviii)< HpeeiiiuMi of v\li;it li>< litis s(h-ii in jiis k'ssoii Ixtok, oi- liftuil 
 (lesfriliixl thoro. Tin; <\vi» is us ^r^iit an oiliicitor ;is any ol' ilic oiIh-i 
 sousoH. 'rlir only attonipt to hIiow a I'mv aniniaN is at I ho Soluncr I'.ii k. 
 Lut Hoiiiu of our \V(3altliy <:ili/)>ns, tiiUit up tlin ruattur and in a \\i\\ 
 years Mouti'ual niik'lit Imvo a "/ooloj^ii-al OardiMi" worthy of its posi ion 
 in tliu Dominion of Canada. 
 
 Till) next imi)ortinl l)iiil linj; wo com j to is the now I) )iiald i ('o1I('K>' 
 for the lii>;lior imIiic ition of woiumi, foiiiided and iMidowoi by that 
 KenerouM citi/uii, L )rd Stratlicona and Mount ll'jyal. It will do ii.s 
 gootl work In tlio comiiiK yearH. 
 
 Tlio MontiH'al Diocosaii Tln'olo^ical Colloffe was fonndud 
 in the year \^''U by Ht. lU'Vil. Ashton Oxunilfn, D.I)., tJKMi lllslioii of 
 Montreal and .Mtstrop )litan of (Janada. The step was fort^cd upon Mis|i()p 
 Uxendt'n. l)y the rajiid K'owth of the < hnrch in the Dioct'sc, and (lie 
 impossibility of securing in any other way a satisfactory sup])ly of fleijjry 
 to meet the increasiuK needs of his Diocese. 
 
 The work of (he ( ollc^re be^an in the Fjibrary of the Synod Hall, and 
 was carried on there for eij,' ( years, when a more suitable bMildiiif? was 
 provided by tlit; nmniliicnee of A. K. (iault, Esti., who purchased the 
 proi>erty, ^l'(S Dorchester street, now occupied by the Voiidk NNOmciiH 
 Christian Association, ata cost of !j>J:]. 0(111, and presented it to the College 
 in trust. 
 
 There the work was ci»ntinued under miwdi more fa\'oraljle condit- 
 ions, as a permanent home was )irovided for both Principal and Students. 
 Additional funds were raised which secured the appointment of a 
 resident Tutor, to assist the Principal and provide remuneration f r 
 dilYerent clergy of the city who lectured rej^ularly in the College. 
 AmoUK the lirst lecturers were lit. Revd, l<]. Sullivan, I). I)., formerly 
 lii.shop of Al^oma, and now Rector of St. James ( atliedral, Toronto ; lit. 
 Revd. .Maurice S. Maldwin, I'.D., Hishoj) of Huron :and Rt. ReviL .J. I'.Du- 
 moulin, Ri.shop of Niagara. 
 
 While its internal Kr<iwlh was thus sati.sfactory. the position of the 
 College as a Church institution was more clearly delined, and its relations 
 with'the educational \* orld were extended. In 1879,an act of incorporation 
 was obtained from the Legislature of tiuebec, and in IHHO it was aJliliated 
 to the I'niversity of McCill. 
 
 Tlie advantages td' alliliation with a great institution of continental 
 reputation such as MctJili I'niversity are obvious. In the lirst jjlace, the 
 Diocesan College is able to devote practically its whole income to strictly 
 theological work, thus assuring the efliciency and thorougliness of the 
 course. Secondly, the immense resources and the high educational 
 
niHTOUY OF MONTRKAL. 
 
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 MrOILL (JOLLEOE-Entran* K Gatk. 
 
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HISTORY OP MONTZEAL. 
 
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IM 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 NtniiiliirtI of II I'liivurMity nucIi am M<-(iill, nITord tlitM>l<)Ki<'nl NttidftntH A 
 lihfi-iil (>*lui'iiti(Mi tliiil could liiii-tlly ho IooKimI for iiiidor otliur I'iiTtiiu- 
 MtnneuM. In thu third placn, tliu hrondunliiK iDlltiuiu-o of lifo in ho lai'Re h 
 iiiiivHi'Hity world, nnd roiitnct with nioti of Hiirli \vi<lf>ly difTtn'uut vieWH 
 itiid /liiiiH niid piii-HiiitH is of iiioHtiiiuiblo (idvaiitiiKe to overy Htiidont, Hiid 
 to noun nior«t thiin to th«J Htudcnt of tlivolo^y. AHiliation nlno ^iveH the 
 ColleffM r'jpreHuntHtion on tho Corponition of Mctiill, and consuquontly a 
 voifii and inllunnci) in I'nlvtirHity RlTiiirH, In 1K1)5, o\vin\< to the inereaH- 
 in^ inthirnco and nt'fds of thu CoIIuku, Mr. A. F. (iault i»nnonnc(>d his 
 int(>ntion of prv^ontin^ a nion* Nuitahlu building and of adding to the 
 en 'ownient of the CoIIwk*'- Tlie "Holland" properly on University street 
 u-iis|Mirchased for that purpose, and a very hands i-nu and c >uimodiou^ 
 liuildin^' I't^rted. i'lu* huildinKi which is in tlie c'lI'oKiatc ^otlii ntylu* 
 iui ludcs a scMii-detaclit'd residence for the Princij^il, a cliapel with a 
 NeatiuK capacity for Mfty ntudcnts, a convocation ha!', capable of iioldiuic 
 r>Oi) persons, coiuinodious lecture rooms, diuin(( room, libniry, and 
 accommodation for aliout in reHident Ntudents. 'I he wholt^ was aUo 
 Itirnishcd maKuiilccutly by tlie Mivme generuuH donor and tli-J sum of 
 )i(ri(',()ii added to the endowment. 
 
 The l)uil<linKH ami additional en !owment were formally liandetl over 
 to the Misliop of thu hiouese on the occasion of tlie opcniiiK of the 
 ColIeK*', on Octobur .Mst, IHIXI, in th'J presence of Ills (Jrace the IVimate 
 of all Canada, and a number of other bishops, clergy and visitors, and 
 Kiven in perpuluity without conditions of any kind in trust to the 
 Mishop of Montreal and his successors. 
 
 We now come to the I'liiversity of which Montroalers are proiui 
 "Old v,.(iiii" yet it is in infancy in comparision even with some of the 
 American CoIIckcs who can boa t their century, nevertheless M<'(iill has 
 male it.s mark on this Continent and it is rare that we do not find a Kra- 
 dilate in our peri^niimtions throughout the Dominion and Tnited 
 States. 
 
 Founded by Hon. James McGill, with liberal gifts of money anil land 
 it was originally intended as a Church of England Institution, but drif- 
 ted in the yearv, long ago, to be a cosmopolitan unsectarian. Alma Mater 
 where men of all creecisand cliraes can now enjoy a Cniversity education 
 ".secundus nulli" to any on the Continent and whose doors are ever open 
 to every clasp and every nationality. 
 
 Alongside of it are two other Institutions, but both denominational. 
 The Morrice Hall of the i'resbyterian college will ever recall the generous 
 gift of its founder "David Morrice." 
 
 Above all is the splendid Reservoir which supplies the city with 
 water and near to it is the old .McTavish House. A history of this House 
 from the pen of that well known Antiquarian P. S. Murphy Esq., and 
 wlio figures so often in this "History of the Streets of Montreal" will be 
 
HISTORY OF MONTTIFAL 
 
 ao 
 
 1 
 
 THE HKHKHVOIK. 
 
210 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 pemsed with interest liyevory rouli r of this luHik. It has loii^ hoen styltMl 
 "The Ilaunti'il Honso." Hehiml it is ii .^hlllluuent whioh was erected to 
 this old "Nor Westiu'." As the foUowiiiK interestinf? "^kctt'li was heard 
 but by a few Moiibers of the Aiitiiiuarian Society, its publication here, 
 will multiply its iiit<.'rest. 
 
 TllK M(T.V\ iSil ()|{ IIAIA TI«:i) llOl'sK. 
 
 Ill eoiuiuon with other settlements founded on this (.Continent by tlie 
 four preat civili/inK nations of the Old World, the I'lng'lish, the French, 
 the Hutch and the Spanisli, Montreal h.is 1 er legends, lu-r ^''^'atness. 
 
 Boston has the I'uritans and tlieir ({uainf liistory ; Ni'W ^(lrk revels in 
 the tales of old Knickerbocker days ; New Orleans becomes interestinjf 
 thfou^h tiie Kiencii occupation; i'Moida bears witness to the day of 
 Spanisli possession ; Quebec K)oks back with pride to the part slie 
 played in the earlier development of the country, an i a-; it is wi li all 
 these, so it is with Montreal and her memories of the lira ve men and 
 true, who, lonp years ago resided w ithin her boundaries whence they 
 carried on tliat jjrf«iit commercial warfare which opened up that vast 
 expanse of territory to the West, the Canada of tlie future. Wortliy 
 successors were thoy of Lasalie. Champlain ami ll)i'rville. the latter who 
 bore the banner of Franc^e Irom Hudson Hay to New Orleans. They 
 were great men, these pioneers of t'fe olden d lys Men not of words, but 
 of deeds, whoso impress will be seen for all time to come on the pages of 
 the history of our countjy, There are strange stories of their live 
 e-vtant t )-day. anil the story of Simon McTavish and tiie house that he 
 built, long one of the iand-m:vrks of Montreal, is not tlie last interest- 
 ing. 
 
 Thirty odd years ago there stood under the brow of Mount floyal a 
 huge mansion, weatherbeateii, unfinished, tenantless. It had been there 
 8'nce the memoiy of the oldest inhabitant, yet never had it changed its 
 appearance, except as years went on. it grew more venerable. Three 
 generations had known it under similar comiitions. standing there, 
 tenantless, uncompleted, a relic of the ambitions of by-gone days. Time 
 had changed its surroundings, gathered round it anew generation of men 
 and things, but still the old house reared by the liand of man, for the 
 occupation of man, remained vacant, save for the cattle that took refuge 
 in it from the scorcliing t ays of the summer's sun, and tiie birds wiio 
 built tlieir nests among its beams, while, finally, after many, many years 
 of exposure to the pelting rains of summer and the drifting snows, 
 the hand of man again seized upon it, in the groat p-arcli of improvement, 
 and levelled it to the ground. 
 
HIbTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 211 
 
 of 
 
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 211 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL, 
 
 Althouffh the house of Mc'I'avish came down bfifore it had ever been 
 occupied, it did not want for oceupimts. l^iiblic superstition gave it a 
 tenant, if not in the flesh in the spirit. People who passed it after 
 dark swore afterwards that they had seen the ghost of Simon McTavish 
 wandering through it. Desertrdas it was, it was easy for a weird name 
 to attach itself to it, and so for years tlie Mc'l'avish house was known as 
 the "Haunted House". 
 
 Many attempts have been made to c.\|>lain the origin of the ghost 
 story. The most probable is that told to the writer's father in 1832, by 
 a farmer named McMartin, wlio tlien oi-cupied and farmed the McTavish 
 property around the deserted building, and who said that while the 
 moon was in its particular phase it shone on an angle of the tin roof 
 causing a bright ray of light, wliich the superstitious called McTavish's 
 spirit. 
 
 The Simon MeTavisji mentioned above as the builder of the 
 McTavish house whs in his day. one of the leading citizens of Montreal. 
 He was engaged in the fur trade, then the principal business of the 
 country. The North West Company was formed 17r<3 by a Benjamin 
 an 1 Joseph ["'robisher, in which Simon McTavisli and several other 
 gentlemen were partners. On retiring from the North West Company, 
 Simon McTavish married a Melle Chaboillez, a member of one of the 
 most distinguislied French fn»uilies of the city and a family particularly 
 noted for the beauty of its iwdies. Melle Chaboillez was a sister of tlie 
 then Cure of Longueuii, a noted scholar of those days. One of the 
 sisters married a Mr. Samuel Sherwood, of Toronto, a barrister; and a 
 third the late Hon. Roderic McKenzie, of Teirebonne, one of whose 
 grand daughters was the wife of the Hon. lioderic Masson, late Lieute- 
 nant Governor of Quebce. In li^l^^ through the influence of his wife's 
 family Mr. Sherwood was elected to the house of Assembly for Lower 
 Canada, representing tlie then county of Effingham, at present known as 
 Terrebonne, It is said that during the winter moutlis, Mr. McTavish 
 city residence was Nos. -2{i, 25, and 27 St. Jean Baptiste Street, while 
 during the summer months he occupied a stone cottage a few hundred 
 yards west of his new house, tliis cottage was afterwards ocupied by 
 McMartin the farmer above mentioned. It was at this cottage he died 
 in July 1804. At that time it was thought such a long distance between 
 the McTavish House and the city that a lunch was laid on tables in 
 front of the house for those Avho came to attend the funeral. Mr. 
 McTavish was buried in a vault situated a little to the west of 
 "Ravenscraig". The mausoleum and shaft erected over his place of 
 burial are atill to be seen. He left four children. His fortune at the 
 time of his death was estimated at £K^6,000 sterling, an immense sum in 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 218 
 
 Ir. 
 of 
 of 
 le 
 in 
 
214 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 tlioso days. Tt will ho of interest to noto tliiit in tim year 1801) Mr. 
 Mc'I vIhIi bouKlit tlie Sei^nior.N (»f i'orreljoiiiu> for tlio sum of Ci'i, '11)11 
 Hterlinfj, and liis brothfM-in-la\v anil Hssociate. the Hon. liodciic M«'K(!n/,io, 
 lived theru. At tlie tinio of iiis di-Jitli Llie McTavish lionsn was in 
 course of construction. Work was at onco disconlinucd tlif wind- 
 ows of the secon«l and third ntorios briclxod up, and its .stran^t! <'areer 
 boKan. 
 
 Tlie J^fc'I'avisli liouso w.is more tlian a protentious dwelling for a 
 gentleman of tliosc days, it stood l)et ween I'eel and McTavish Streets 
 the greater part of theliouse being tlie grounds of the present residt^nco 
 of Mr. Andrew Allan. I'iio iionso with one senii-circular tower at each 
 end had a frontage of about l-''5 feet. Tiie roof of liu> main l)uilding was 
 constructed on the old fasliioned "high" |)rincipl»>, draining from tlie 
 ridge-pole to all I'onr aides. Those of the two towers wore conical in 
 sha))e, all being covered with tin. The main building was tliree 
 stories high, tlie rezd»>-cliaussee or ground floor being some twelve feet 
 in lieight, the intention lieiiu, eviilently to have it occnjiled by tlie kit- 
 chen, servants rooms etc., the same as we see In many of the houses 
 built in France. Tlie towers coming up above half-way between the 
 second and third row of w iiidows. 
 
 The material employed in this coiistruction was dressed limestone. 
 The interior -: f the house was never complettnl, only the floor beams 
 placed in ])osition. Tiiere are many reports concerning Mr. McTavish's 
 death, but as a matter of history, he took cold in the month of .Mareli 
 or A|n'il while superintending the construction of his house, wliich 
 turning to inflamation, brought his career to an eiul in July liS{)l. The 
 particulars concerning the death and funeral of Mr. McTavish were 
 given to the writer, by a lady who \\ as residing as a guest at tlie Mc- 
 Tavish cottage at tlie time of its owner's deatii. Hy his death Montreal 
 of that day lost one of lier foremost citizens. A man whose enterprise 
 was responsible ilirectly and indirectly lor much of her prosperity, and 
 whose business integrity was known to be above reproach. His death 
 was regretted by all who had known him in his life and who were 
 comi)elled to admire his manly character. Tlu- old house is gone, but its 
 story will live for years to come. 
 
 P.S. — Since writing the foregoing I liave been lent a book entitled 
 "A Tour to Niagara Falls", written in 18()C) by a Boston gentleman, Mr. 
 Timothy Jiigeiow, who had visited tlie McTavish house, and 1 give 
 below an extract wliich corroborates the above: — "Towards evening wo 
 took caleches and drove out to the mountain, we passed by tlie new 
 house of the late Mr. Mclavish, which he has left unfinished, and we 
 visited his tomb, which is situated behind the house in a thick wood on 
 the mountain side. The situation is the most romantic that can well be 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL, 
 
 ink 
 
 ,'0 
 
 w 
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 Ex-mayor k. wilson smiths residence, 
 
216 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL, 
 
 A. F. UAL LT'S RESIDENCE;. 
 
ftlSTOllY Of MONTllRAt, 
 
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 HISTORY OF MONTREAf. 
 
 WOLFKHSTAN THOMAS' RH:SII)ENCE. 
 
lUSTOnY OP montrkal. 
 
 219 
 
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Ite 
 
 flTHTOnV OF MONTRRAL, 
 
 LOKU STRATIICONA'S UKSIDENCE. 
 
IIISTOItY OF MONTIIKAL 
 
 221 
 
 W. W. OGILVIE'H UKSIDKNCE. 
 
ras 
 
 UIHTOUY OF MONTltBAL. 
 
 ■■B 
 
 JAMKS LINTON'S KKSIDENCK. 
 
IIINTOUV OK MONTUKAL 
 
 liiiiiKiiHHl, liuliiml I lit) loiiili rises h lofty |»r»)fi|>ii'i! of |Mii-|>«'niliciilitt- 
 rtH'kM, <iii«> of whifli foniiN a (iMtacliuti roliiiuti uiiti st*uiiH uh if iiit«iiKl«>t| liy 
 Natiirt* for u id )iiiiiu(M>t. I'licHtt rockn ai'«> r(iiii|MiHi>i| of n'^iilni' striitii, the 
 upp«>rinoHt of wliicli ail) of liinchtlono Tlwy ai'i> pnrt iil' a lrtltx«( or 
 |ir(n-ipifi> wliii h uxtiMiils ipiitit roiiiitl tli«) mouiiliuii imuI lias tlm appoar- 
 auce of liuviiiK I>*hmi worn by water '1 lii»« 1h to li» nccotintttii for by 
 NiipposiiiK that most of tlio 'slaiid of .Montrraj, ami of coiii'sc of tliu 
 til , roiiiidiiiK coiiiitry, woif oii«m« covitciI to this lii<i(<lit by the riv«<r, 
 W'lii»"li has niiifo forced a passin' • tliroiiKli tlio rork at tiiH'lji-c. and 
 Ix'twuuii that places and tliiH, ho as to leavo bare thu extenxivu plains tlint 
 now border npon It, nil of whii'li Ix-ar tliu marks of having bm'ii foriiunl 
 by watt'r, I ho rivor from tho inoiintaiii si(ln is excet'din^dy pictiirt*s(|uo 
 and Ki'iixl- Kt'om thu place wliuro you stand, niimei-oiis and well 
 (•iilttvatt>d Molds extend t«) the city, all of wlii<'h witli its snimrlis in 
 directly under your eye; . Down the river for tliiity mIIi-s oi- more, 
 yon see th»f watei Mkirtad with rich Ileitis in which are thickly 
 Mcattered churches, and windmills almost eonstiMilly in motion, dwcllintf 
 houses and various otlutr buildiiiKs. The llelds ar«t bounded by dark 
 woods which terminate the view, »)xcept Upwards the south east wliuro 
 the Kfut)» mountains of Vermont lift their tops to the clouds. 
 
 Mr. .\IcTa\ ish is much reKn.'tted liy the >?eiiLlemi!U ol' .Moutn-al, \\ ho 
 speak of him as having been a thoroiiKli merchiint, an accoinplisiied, 
 hospitable munillcunt lUiu, in short an orn<iini)nt ti> so(!lu y. lie died 
 July <Uh. 1S()I, leaviui; an est ito of ouo hmilr,) I in 1 twenty thousand 
 pounds sterliiiK to bo inherited by four i-hildrsn." 
 
 This is the testimony of a man who met and conversed with men 
 who had been close friends of .\! r. Me lavish. 
 
 Many beautiful private residences are in this street, and indeed also 
 in some of the intersecting streets. .Vs illustrating Sherbrooke, I liavo 
 Kreat pleasure in inserting tine views of th«) I'ollowinj? Houses. Ex-Mayor 
 Wilson Smith's, Hon. Senator Drnmmon<rH, A. R Ciaidt's, Wolferstan 
 Thomas's, .1 IJaxter's, and several others with Lord Strathcona's. 
 
 In the East end there are also some fine residences, notably that of 
 our ju'esent Mayor 1 18Ui| Raymond J'refontaine Ksij. MP. before whose 
 door will stand the Civic Lamps, whicli have not been in (uu- east end for 
 several years past. And wo only hope as they illuminate the entrance 
 of his Honor's House so will they stand as a beacon that our own Kf'uid 
 city will shine conspiciously to all the Dominiun, as its j^uidiuK star and 
 " umbilicus " " The Hub " of Canada in every department that can extend 
 its influence and strengtli. 
 
ipwi 
 
 224 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 :■;' V 
 
 A very lar^^e venture ou tho plan of siu'li reHidences in New Vork 
 and elsewhere is found in tlie west of this street. It is an iiuposinf; 
 structure, called after the street, " The Slierbrooke "' and some of our 
 most prominent citizens, prefer living there than having the trouble of 
 domestics etc. in keeping private rosidences. Roswell Fisher Esqr, is to 
 be commended for his attempt (quite successful) to iiLiugia-ato sucli a 
 svstem of living in Montreal and we wish all success to him. He is the 
 elder Brother of the well known family, that of Dr. Fisher, wliose son 
 Hon. Sydney has attained to the high distinction of. at the present, being 
 one of the Privy (.'ouncillors of the Uomimon of Canada and who, as Min- 
 ister of Agriculture, has done more in the interest of Farms and Dairy- 
 men and Settlers, than any man since Confederation. This sliows the 
 importance of importing young men, witli present ideas into the 
 Government. Old man are apt, like myself, to think that the ways of 
 old were and are the only true *• via< glorifo " but tiio world is progressing 
 fast and new ideas and wonderful inventions follow, one after the otiier 
 in snch quick succession, that "Old )nen " must give way to tliis advance 
 yet ever in ones mind conies tlie cwhuinating History of Rehoboani son 
 and successor to the great Solomon, that he despised the advice and 
 admonitions of hisold courtiers and followed tliat of tlie younger men and 
 revolution and disaster and (li-iinemberiui'nt of his Kingdom, soon after- 
 wards followed. Still, as one who has well nigh had hall' a century's 
 experience in tiie Province of Quebec and who has been a keen observer 
 of the signs of the times, I must here write. The World's ideas change 
 and mighty changes are on the tapis. The youth and young men of 
 to-day, have the destinies of our fair Dominion in tlieir hands. Let 
 them, like the Hon. Sydney Fisher, throw all tlieir energies into develop- 
 ing this mighty Land and Avhen the close of the 20tlx century shall 
 come, Canada will then be a great and mighty nation, one of the fore- 
 most on the Eartli. 
 
 We now come to the great collection of HuiUliiigs which compose 
 the Montreal College of the '^eminary. Standing in bold relief to all 
 are the Towers, the first building erected here, not long after the set- 
 tlement of Montreal. Botli a picture and the the beautiful verses of the 
 late talented Mrs. Leprohon are given and above all the following unique 
 paper from the facile pen of P. S. Murphy Esq. on the Towers. It is in 
 French but every one can easily read it or translate it in English. The 
 whole description tells us every thing required about the old Fort and 
 Towers and all its appendages but especially where the saintly Soeur 
 Bourgeoys taught the Indian girls in one of the Towers. The two 
 epitaphs are peculiarly interesting to the Antiquarian and Canadian 
 Historian. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 225 
 
 l_rtij.j«j.jfti_j«i_tSi_£^i.. 
 
 fompose 
 to all, 
 le set- 
 Is of the 
 unique 
 It is in 
 The 
 't and 
 Soeur 
 two 
 ladian 
 
 THE TOWERS. 
 
 I 
 
 5v~^' "*" 
 
 -Cirt^T-j-^ 
 
226 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 By Mrs. Leprohon 
 
 On the eastern slope of Mount KoyHl's side, 
 In view of St. Lawrence' silvery tide ; 
 Are two stone towers of Masonry rude, 
 With massive doors of time— darkened wood, 
 Traces of loojt holes still show in the walls. 
 While sol'tlv across them the sunlight falls. 
 Around, stretch broad meadows, cjuiut and green 
 Where cattle graze— a fair tranquil scene. 
 
 These old towers tell of a time long past, 
 
 When the Hedman roamed o'er these regions vast. 
 
 And the settlers- men of bold heart and brow 
 
 Had to use the sword as well as the plougli ; 
 
 When women, no lovelier now than then, 
 
 Had to do the deeds of undaunted men, 
 
 And had higher aims for each true warm heart 
 
 Than study of fashicn's or toilet's art. 
 
 It was in tliose towers — tlie southern one, 
 
 Sister Margaret IJourgeoys, that sainted Nun, 
 
 Sat patiently teaching day after day, 
 
 How to find .lesus, — 1 he Blessed way. 
 
 Mid the daughters swartii of the forest dell, 
 
 Who first from her. of a God, heard tell, 
 
 And learned the virtues tliat woman should grace, 
 
 Whatever might be her rank or her race. 
 
 Here too, in the chapel tower buried deep, 
 An Indian Brave and his grandchild sleep, 
 True model of womanly virtues — slie. 
 Acquired at Margaret Bourgeoys' knee; 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 227 
 
 He, won unto Christ from his own dark creed, 
 Prom trammels fierce of iiis cliildhood freed. 
 Low Immljled liis sava>?e Huron pride. 
 And amid tiie pale-faces lived and died. 
 
 With each added year, grows our city fair ; 
 Churches rich, lofty and «i)aciou8 square, 
 Villas and mansions of stately pride, 
 Embelllsii it now on every side ; 
 Buildings, old land marks, vanish each day, 
 For stately successors, too quick make way ; 
 IhU ve pray from change time may lorxj leavr^Jree 
 The ancient Towkrh of Villk Marik I " 
 
 ^fe 
 
 Ce fort a ote appele ainsi pour le distinguer de I'enceinte palissadoe 
 qui lui <jtait contingue et que Ton designait sous le nora de Fort den Sauvages. 
 Comiue ils faisaient jiartie, tons deux, du mCMne ouvrage de defense, on 
 les volt mentionnes sous la denomination commune de Fort tie In Mon- 
 tagne. ; . 
 
 Le Eoit des Mcssiers fut construit en 1604 par I'abbe Francois Vachon 
 de Belmont, protre de Saint-Sulpice, et ti ses propres frais. 
 
 II se composait; lo de quatre courtiues, ou murs en pierre garni' ? de 
 meurtrieres et flanqu6es d'une tourelle a chaqueangle: 2o, du fort projjre- 
 ment dit, ou chi\teau, place au centre et qui servait de residence aux 
 missionnaires; 3o de lachapelle qui s'elcvait en face du chAteau, le chevet 
 adosBc an milieu de la courline entre les deux tourelles. 
 
 La chapellea 6tt' d^molie en 1796, et uae porte cochere a eto perctie 
 dans la courtine. 
 
 En ll'^o, le chateau fut exhausse d'un «tage, mais on lui conserva son 
 aspect priraitif . En 1854, il a ^t6 remplac6 par le vaste edifice qui renferme 
 le coll(ige et le grand seminaire. Lea deux tourelles situees en arricre, au 
 pied de la mont»gue, ont 6te demolies en meme temps. 
 
 De tout le fort des Messieurs, 11 ne reste plus que les deux tourelles et 
 1a muraille qui les relie. Elles ont dons deux cents ans d'existance et se 
 trouvent, aprfes leS6minaire de Montreal, les plus anciennes constructions 
 de la ville, 
 
228 
 
 11 1 STORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 r 
 
 DaiH la lourelle (!»• Tuiit'st se tennit I't'coln divs |)tititeH lilies HauvaKe«. 
 etdana celle do Test n'sidaient les Stcuis dc hi t onKifKi'tioii charpi'-en de 
 reiisei^nomuut. 
 
 Eii 1H24, la dorniire I'ut trausfonut'e en cliapd'e ; dt'jil, en 1700, on y 
 avait traiisportr Ins rt'stt's" pu'iisomeiit receillis, di' doux cufants de le 
 fon't, raieiil et la petitu lilU'. Lo preniiiT avait (■iC c' ri'ticn aussi I'ervont 
 qu'lntrtpidc Kuei-rier . la secoiido avait ou li> bonlieur, bier, rare pour les 
 flUes de sa nation, d't";tre athuiso dans I'institiit do la Snuc Mour^uoyH. 
 Les missionnaires, voulant saver k-ins nonis de ruuhli, avaii-iit fait ])oser 
 des epitaphes sur lunrs toiubt's. J'eii donni- ici la (raiiscriiition, tfllc qu'on 
 lit sur les murs de In petite eha])ulle. 
 
 ▲ dreite. 
 
 Ici reposeul 
 
 les restes mortel.s 
 
 tie 
 
 Fraik.'Ois Thoronbionoo 
 
 Hiu'dn 
 
 Jlaptise pat le Rtvorcnd 
 
 P6re BreboL'uf 
 
 11 flit par sii pi6t6 et par sa probili' rt'xeniple 
 
 lies Clitciieris) I't raditiiratioii d^'S iiiliili'leH. 
 
 11 uidinui. 
 
 Ag6 d'eiiviron cent iin-^, 
 
 le 11 Aviil, KM). 
 
 et a gauche : 
 
 Ici leposi'llt 
 
 les re&tes raortels 
 de 
 
 MARII THIKKai: GAN«vIN8A(iroA. 
 
 de la 
 Congregation Notre Uaaie, 
 Apies avoir exarc6 pendant treize ana Toffice 
 de luaitresse d'ecolo a la mnutagne, elle 
 luounit en n^putation de gtande 
 veitu, ague tie 2(i ans, le 
 25 November, 160"). 
 
 (Extrait des manuscrits dn Commandeur Jacgues Vigir ijue M. Vabld 
 Verrcnu. n en la cnmylakancc de msttre a ma dlsponition.') 
 
 P. 8. MURPHY 
 
 .V, C.luit.Pub, 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
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 HISTORY OF MONTRKAL. 
 
 ®tbcr streets. 
 
 A large number of streets are let't out in this Volume. Many of 
 them, are of recent origin and their names easily tell one of the oriKin- 
 ator of tlie street or why so calleil. In Atwater, Aylmer, Beaudry' 
 lierri, IJertlielet, IJruchesi, Hrunswiek. Cadieux, Champlain, Cotirsol" 
 Pelisie, De.sery, Dollard, DulTerin, Duroeher, Frontenac, Fnlford, l<\illum' 
 (iosfoi'd, Hanover, Iberville, Lafontaine, Lo^'an, Lome, Maisonneuve, 
 MarlhorouKli. Me'lavisji. 3Ietealfe, Moreau, Osborne, Peel, I'refontaine, 
 Hedpatii, Rivard, Kouville, 1 St. Charles Horoniee, St. J)oniini(|ue, St. 
 I'amille. St. George, St. Hubert, Stanley, Sussex and N'ietoria. 
 
 The above names will at once strike the student of Canadian History 
 of their origin, and enable him to see tliat in tin- History of his tity, 
 Governors, (Jenerals, Ecclesiastics, Professional men and Merchants, have 
 given their names to these stieets. 
 
 Let nil' however republish, what I wrote of some of these streets in a 
 long article sent to one of the pajjers some V' ars ago. 
 
 As I said before, there are many sti-eets calh'd after the names of 
 individuals who iiad long ago jiroperty in them, or wl.ich streets ran 
 througli their estate, such as Guy street from a notary of that name, 
 \\ ho ligures in the early 3'ear.s of this century ; (!haboillez Square, from a 
 Justice of the Peace of that name. The lirst time we lind mention made 
 of Pierre (Juy as a Justice is on JOth Juius 1787, wlien he authorizes with 
 James Pinle.\', J, P.. a " i^octor for the Goal." He is then mentioned with 
 James Mc(iill as one of tlie Justices attlie Court of Quarter Sessions. 12th 
 January, 1791. At the close of the last century in the last Sessions of the 
 Peace held October 21st, we again lind the name of Loui'i Chaboillez. — 
 and tlie last time liis name, on the 10th January, 1800, at the 
 opening of the Court, the first of the century convened in Montreal, his 
 name a)»i)ears with those of Alex. Auldjo, Robt. Cruickshanks, and 
 lames Duidop. Both Guy and Cljaboiile/, were notaries. Aylmer street 
 is called after Lord Aylmer, mentioned in Canadian history ; Beaudry 
 street after a person of that name ; ("adieux street after a well-known 
 notary of 1813; Papineau Road, after J. Papineau ; Berthelet, after a 
 judge of that name; Coursol, after Judge Coursol, who died not long ago; 
 Delisle, after a well known citizen who with Willmm Workman open- 
 ed u]) a great part of the west end of Montreal and lying below St 
 Antoine hill ; Drolet. from G. Drolet, lately living in Paris ; Dufresne, from 
 
 
HISTOUY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 281 
 
 2 
 
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232 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 Olio of that iinine. The followhif? bImo are called from names of citixeuR, 
 Hlt'iiiy, DurochtT, Fuliniii, Ijafoiitaiius Lofjaii. Lu!>iKnan, McKay, M('(!ord« 
 Morciiu, I'aiu't, I'hillips S<iuar»!, Ilichai'dsun, San^uiiiet, Shaw, Shuter, 
 anil VomiK. Then there are the fonr ApoHties, St. Matiiew, St. Mark, St. 
 liukc, an«l St. John streets, Then Ave have Albert, Lome, lialmoral, 
 Prince Artlinr, Hritannia, Hanover, and Victoria, all connected with 
 Royalty. Anions Kov«?rnors of the country and ^t^nerals wlio have 
 figured in Canada wo have Ainherht, alter a general (d'that name. Champ- 
 lain, from otir early navipator, also Jacques Cartier, Dalhousie, famous in 
 the iiistory of the country, the never to be forgotten De Salaberry,of the 
 war of lsrj!-l.S, Dorchester, after him who was in Canada at the troubles 
 of IS37-S ; Krontenac. from a celebrated French Kovernor of Canada, who 
 built KingMton, whicli whs for a long time called Fort Frontenac, (Josford 
 from Lord CJosfonl. one of tlie governors, Sherbrooke from Lord Sher- 
 brooke, Iberville from one of the early Frencii governors of Canada, 
 Laval Avenue from Hisliop Laval, the first lloman Catholic Bishop of 
 Quebec, Montcalm and Wolfe, from the two heroic generals who fell on 
 the Heights of Abraham at Quebec, Murray, from (leneral Murray, who 
 ligures very nuicli about tlie tim« of the American Independence, 
 Marlborough fn)iii the great Englisli general of that name, Richmond 
 rom the Duke of that unnie, GovernorCJeneral of Canada, who was 
 bitten by a I'abid fox and died of hydrophobia in intense agony and was 
 buried in Kingston. Stanley from Lord Stanley and Wellington from 
 tiie imnioital i'uke of that name. Chatham from Lord Chatham. Then 
 certain localities give names to tlie streetn running in ««• througli them : 
 University street becaiiJie of McCill College ;( oljege street because the 
 old College, calieil Montreal College, stood in it before its removal to the 
 ^^'est of the City. Catheihal because near St. James' Cathedral. This 
 street wes fcnnierly called Cemetery street as it led to the Roman 
 Catholic C emetery, which is now Dominion Square. 
 
 
fiTSTOnV OP MONTREAL. 
 
 ^bc street tablets. 
 
 
 Tho Street Tablets, wliioli have been erected by the MemberH of the 
 Numisiuatie and Aiiti(iiiariaii Society «>f Montfeal have done a vant 
 aiuoiiiit of good and liave enabled Visitors to our fair City, juHt to know 
 the exact position where ho many events occurred i«i the olden times. 
 The citizens aie under a deep obligation to the Society in general and 
 to two gentlemen especially, for the work they have done. I hey are 
 W. I), Lighthall Kscir. Advocate M. A. and deLery McDonnld Ksqr. To 
 their exertions tlie whole was successfully accomplished. Hut even in 
 the few years that iiavc elapsed since the Tablets were put up, one or 
 two have already disapjieared, notably the one at Dalhousie Square, 
 which was placed on the Kire Station there. This Civic building was 
 sold (as it stood) by the Corporation to make way for tlie yard of the C. 
 P. Railway and the tablet lias disappeared. '1 herefore I think in this 
 History of the Origin of the Streets of Montreal, the insertion of at least 
 the principal ones will be hailed by every one wlui will possess a copy of 
 this Book. 
 
 Beside, in process of years some of tlie buildings or places where tliese 
 Tablets are now erected may be burned or destroyed and tliougli a 
 brocliure has been printed on the Tablets yet these pamphlets soon 
 disappear and tlierefore in a more enduring form of a bound volume, 
 placed in public and private Librarlef-, the contents at least of the tablets 
 will be preserved for a few hundred years to come. 
 
 We will take them as they are found in the Old Town and as much 
 as possible follow the order of !ny preceding llistorj' of tho Streets and 
 the growth of the City, but Ave must digress at the first and give the 
 notice of the site of llochelaga. as that Indian Village historially appears 
 before Ville Marie. In my description of Sherbrooke Street, there is 
 mention made of, some years' ago ,iinding Indian bones, arrowheads and 
 pieces of pottery, so that it is almost definitely settled that on the 
 plateau of Sherbooke Street, the Indian Village stood. In Guy Street 
 near Sherbrooke Street the tablet reads as follows : — 
 
 " Site of a large Indian village, claimed to be the town of Hochelaga, 
 visite dby Jacques Cartier in 1535 " 
 
 " Place Royale" or " La Place du Marcho" now Custom House 
 Square, has always been a most interesting spot. Here the publi 
 
m 
 
 HISTORY^OF MONTtlBAL. 
 
 executions t(M)k place ntnl in ray account of St. Paul Street Is given the 
 execution and the only one, of a murderer.' who was 'buried at the 
 corner of DorcheHtt^r «nd (Juy Strt^ets and over whose body, The Red 
 Cross was erected. On a tablet on the Old CuqIuu) House now the 
 lidand Revenue HuildiiiK it reads tlius. 
 
 "1 he llrsr j)ublic s(|uare t)f Montreal, 10.57, " I^a 'IMacj du March^" — 
 granted by the seiKneurs, 1070." 
 
 Two tablets in front of the Custom Tfouse are peculiarly InteresthiK 
 as they record tlio foundiiiK of our ('ity. The whole proceedings are givHU 
 at the commencement uf this volume in the " History of Montreal" the 
 tablets read thus. 
 
 "This site was selected and named in 1011 La Place Royal, by 
 Samuel de Ctiamplain, the founder of Canada ;" and " near this spot, on 
 the IHth of May, l(t4-, landed the founders of Montreal, commanded by 
 Paul de Chomedy, Sieur de Maisonneuve. Their lirst proceeding was a 
 religious service." 
 
 We all know that iimong the first things that the founders did was 
 building a Fort to protect themselves. It was (as all these primitive 
 structures were) built of pickets and a few cannon were mounted on 
 it.— 
 
 It was styled " Le Fort de V'ille Marie " and stood on what is now 
 part of ( ommiHsiouers' street and near or behind the present imposing 
 building tiie Federal Custom House. Tlio street if it'can be called such, 
 is still named Fort street. The tablet tluis reads : — 
 
 " Here was the first Fort of Ville Marie, first dwelling place of the 
 founders of Ville Marie, built 1613, demolished 1648, replaced by the 
 house of Monsieur de Callieres, 1080." 
 
 In Foundling street there is another tablet which marks the site of 
 the residence of Governor do C'alliereM. At page 141 of this work in my 
 description of McGili street will bo found an interesting account of the 
 origin of the name of tl»e street and tho grand motto of the good Sisters 
 relative to the foundlings. The tablet reads : — 
 
 " Site of the chateau of Louis Hector de Callieres, Governor of Mont- 
 real, 1048, of New France. 1008-1703. He terminated the fourteen 
 year's war with the Iroquois by treaty at Montreal, 1701." 
 
 Not far from the Square " Place Royale" at the extensive premises 
 of Messrs Frothingham (S: Workman and on their building is a tablet 
 which thus reads : — 
 
 •* Upon this foundation stood the first Manor House of Montreal, 
 built 1601, burnt 1822, re-built 1853. It was the Seminary of St. Sulpice 
 from 1661 to 1712. Residence of de Maisonneuve, Governor of Montreal, 
 and of Pierre Raimbault, Civil and Criminal Lieut.-General." 
 
 
font- 
 fteen 
 
 uses 
 ^blet 
 
 real, 
 Ipice 
 peal. 
 
 A boaiitiful cut of tliiti IIoii'ieiH K>ven in my Hook at paKe. IH^and 
 I would advise my iluaderH to road the [o'rench note to be found on the 
 picture. — 
 
 Wo have much ploaHuro in KivinK the next extract. It in from an 
 intereHting paper publishud lately in the Montreal " Htar,' and the writer 
 will I doubt not, forgive me in malviiiK tlie extract. It is about the 
 Pari.ili Uluirch of Montreal, and he nays. , 
 
 "Tlie earlicHt churdi in Montreal wan one of bark, built in the 
 original fort. '1 liis wan replacetl in !(}.')(> by the first parish church, on 
 the north corner of the prcncnt St, .Snipice und St. I'aul streetn, where a 
 tablet marks its site. In 1072 the etliilco wan in its turn replaced by 
 what \H now known n» tlie old pari»4h cliurch, which stood acroHH Notre 
 Dame street on I'lace d'ArmuH. 
 
 Its pictureNque belfry tower remained alotm on the corner of this 
 square for some years after the removal of the old church, but was 
 taken down in 1K4(). The cut stone front, designed by King's Engineer 
 De Lery, wlio erected the stone fortification walls of the city, and who 
 also designed the Cathedral of Quube(\ was, when taken down, used as a 
 front for the Uecollets Church, and after tlie demolition of the latter 
 was incorporated in the back walls of the store upon its site, where 
 some of the pieces are still to be seen. The furniture and |)ictures were 
 sent to tlie Church (ff Bonseconrs, and the pulpit chairs of the Tnitarian 
 Cliurch are made out of timbers of the towers. Atablet on the Seminary 
 wall records the history of the second ))arish cliurcii." 
 
 Two tablets on the front of the Iiu|<erial Huilding, Place d'Arinss 
 are seen, one reads thus. — 
 
 " Near tliis square, afterwards named La Place d'Armes, the foimders 
 of Ville Mnrie first encountered the Iroquois, whom thay defeated, 
 Chomedy de Maisouneuve, killing the chief with his on n hands, iidth 
 March, 1644" The other inscription records the interesting fact that the 
 Imperial building stands upon tlie second lot granted on the Island of 
 Montreal. 
 
 Oil the Bank of Montreal we also find anotlier tablet which tells 
 us: — 
 
 "The stone fortifications of Ville Marie extended from Dalhousie 
 Square through this site to McGill street, thence south to Commissioners 
 street, and along the latter to the before mentioned square. Begun 1721 
 by ChaussegroM de Lery. Demolished 1H17." 
 
 The western gate of the fortifications wliicli had replaced a smaller 
 wall of palisades erected in 1685, stood near the corner of Notre Dame 
 and McGill streets. The tablet reads: " By this gate Amherst took 
 possession, 8th September, 1760, General Hall, U. S. Army, 25 ofiicers 
 350 men, entered prisoners of wai, 20 September. 1812." 
 
IM 
 
 OP MONTRRAT. 
 
 The latter piirt of tliiH talilet, n moHt important event in the IliHtory 
 of Montri'al, i*< \Vi>ll (h>H('rihi>i| in my Panorama of Notre Dame street at 
 ]imge, 70 and t^ken from the " lleraltl " of that date. 
 
 In thoie early linys that part of Jaoquen Cartier Sipiare het\ve>Hi the 
 Hotel lie V'ilie iiMil ( Oiirt MoUNe wan occiipieil hy a hnildinif called The 
 " Place deM JeHnits " It wan here they had their Monastery and the 
 tahlet records, timt the celcl)nited French HiHtorian Charlevoix ret»i<led 
 there In these wohIh: - 
 
 Tlie I'ere Charlevoix, Tharlovoix historian ol' I a Nouvelle France, 
 
 17-25. 
 
 Mention has already heen made In thh work of tiie tahlet erected on 
 the Conrt House. It recalls to ones mind tlie " vlved picture of early 
 times, the torturing hy lire on the H(|§iire of four Irocpiols pri.soners. who 
 thus sulTercd death hy a stcrri or<lcr of (Jovernor Frontennc in I0UI5, in 
 re|)riMal for the torturiuK <>l' p'rcnch prisoners taken hy their trihes " 
 
 On the City Hall wo lliid a tahlet which connects the Square with 
 the discoverer of Canada. It says : — 
 
 •'.Iac(|ues Cartier, celehrated naviKator of St. Malo, discovered 
 Canada and named the .St. Lawrence, I.llM-l.'iSu." 
 
 At the east corner of Jaccpies Cartier Square next to the Chateau de 
 Raniezay stands the old store of the "Compagnie des ludes." This 
 Association answered in tlie Frenclj Regime to the Hudson Hay (Company 
 of the !<]nKlish. Siiame l)e it said It is now a saloon. The tahlet erected 
 liere hears this fact: — 
 
 " The residence of the Hon James McGill, founder of McGill Tniver- 
 sity, 17U-1H1:}." 
 
 The ("hat'.ari de Raniezay is one of tlie most historic spots in Mont- 
 real. It is now a^ood Museum and as I have more than once heen told 
 the line collection of " l.ouishurfi: " relies which I gave to the Museum is 
 now one of the most attractive j)ortions of it, witli the old historic 
 " Louishurg Boll." Let the visitor go tlie place where they appear and 
 his mind will immediately revert to tlie period when the immortal 
 Wolfe attacked the Fort and after hard fighting succeeded in reducing 
 it 
 
 Opi)osite the City Hall or Hotel de Ville is tlie Chateau de Ramezay. 
 Two tablets ui)on it set forth a portion of its history. The one relates 
 to its erection, about 1705, by Claud do Ramezay, Governor of Montreal. 
 The building after the British conquest was used for a period as a 
 residence for the English Governors when in Montreal. The other 
 tablet relates to 1775, and reads: "In 1775 this Chateau was the head- 
 
liH HlHtory 
 e Htreet at 
 
 jt\v»HMi the 
 •allfd Tho 
 y liiid tlin 
 )ix ruxiiieii 
 
 le Frnnce, 
 
 erected on 
 •e of «arly 
 onei'M. who 
 in 10U6, ia 
 ribes " 
 
 iiare with 
 
 IiiHcovered 
 
 Jhnteaii de 
 
 68." Ihia 
 
 Company 
 
 et erected 
 
 11 I'niver- 
 
 9 ill Mont- 
 been told 
 MiiHeuiu is 
 d liistoric 
 jpear and 
 imiuortal 
 reducing 
 
 Ramezay. 
 36 relates 
 Montreal, 
 ariod as a 
 'he other 
 the head- 
 
 lUSTORY OF MONTRRAL 
 
 m 
 
 quarters of the AniiTican HriKadler-CifntM-nl NVoostor. and lien» in I77fli 
 under Oencral HuntMlict Arnolil, tiio ('ointiiiNsioncis of l.'on^i-r <, lionjnniln 
 Franklin, Saniuel Cliaso and CliftiljH < arroll, liiilii (oiuicil." 
 
 Ah mentioned before, the tablet at DallioUHie Hqnare hnn dJHiippoared 
 in the demoliNhlnK of the Civic Kire Station which waH erected there and 
 on whoNe Nidu the tablet wan piaccMJ, it thun readH: — 
 
 "ThiN H(|uare occnpieN the Mte of La (-itadille, built in |ll^^^), ittplac- 
 iun the mill erected by MaiHonneuve an<l I'ailleboiHt in KtCill ; Udyal 
 Mattery ITl'-i Levelled and preHented to the city by Karl Dalhonaie, 
 ({•)vernor-(ieneral, |H;M. Near the east coiner of Notie Dame Htruet stood 
 the Porte St. Martin (Quebec (iate». Ktluin Allan cnt -red it n prisoner 
 of war, 177."!. Thin station replaced the I'rench ArHen'il, removed IHKl, 
 with the last portion of the fortification walh of 17»L" 
 
 An old church, Ih reached by the Kateway lea<lin^' from Notre Dame 
 street to the Convent of the ( on^reKation at St. Lambert Mill. 
 
 The tablet upon it readn : "Notre Dame h* Nictoii-e, built in 
 memory of tlie deHtruction of the fleet of Sir Hovenden Walker, on the 
 Isle aux OeufH, 1711." 
 
 On St. Helen street near Notre Dame a tablet reads : " Here stoo<l 
 until IHIO, the Church and Monastery of the Mcctdlet Kathcrs, 1(11)2, in 
 which the AnKlicans from 17(>1 to 17"^0. and tin* I'resbyt ..ms from I71M 
 to 17J>'..', w«)r8hippcd." It was also the fir>)t jiarish church fui tlio Irish 
 Catholics of Montreal, from 1H;]0 to 1S47. 
 
 The Hotel Pieu St. Joseph de V'ille Marie was esfiiblished in 1011 by 
 the Duchesse tie Hidlion. The original buildini? w.is erected on St. Paul 
 street, near Custom House S<piare. The tablet on the wall of tlie jirosent 
 institution reads: Hotel Dieu de Ville-Marie, founded in I'lll by Jeanne 
 Mance. Transferred in 1861 to this land, given by Renoit and Gabriel 
 Basset. Removal of the remains of Jeanne Mance and 17H nuns, 1801 " • 
 
 The Montreal College or Grand Seminary has been already described 
 In P. S, Murphy's paper in another part of this volume uitli the tablets 
 to be seen in the Towere, but on the walls there is anotlier tablet which 
 tells us of General Amherst and the position of his army at the time of 
 the surrender of Montreal and the end of the French liogime. 
 
 A tablet on the summit of Mount Royal records the visit of Jacques 
 Cartier to it in 1585, The early records say that de Maissonneuve made 
 a pilgrimage here also bearing a cross on his shoulders, in January l'i43. 
 On the premises of Mr William Smith, near the head of Simpson sti'et, 
 is a tablet of interest; which reads thus. '• Site of the residence of iSir 
 Alexander Mackenzie, discoverer of the Mackenzie River, 1703, and the 
 first European to cross the Rocky Mountains," 
 
 Let us finally, once more descend the hill and when we arrive at 
 vor Hall we find a tablet which reads thus ou the Unitarian 
 
\ 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 Thurch. "Here atood Beaver Hall, btiilt 1800; burnt 184H; mansion of 
 JoHeph Frobisher on-^ of the n'ounders of tijo North-West Coniimny, 
 wlycli made Montreal foi- years t'.ie fur trading centre of Amej ica." 
 
 West of the Court House, t'lere is a tablet whidi reads : '• Here stood 
 the first Synagojfue in Canail.t, erected iu 1777, A.M 5557, by the Spanish 
 and Portuguese Jewish congregation, founded 17(}8." 
 
 On the walls of the Congregational Convent. St. Jean Baptiste street, 
 there is inscribed : "Congregation of Notre Dame, founded by Marguerite 
 Bourgeoys. Convent built lb95, Jeanne LeBer lived here solitary from 
 1695 to 1714." 
 
 On a building at the corner of St. Peter and St. Paul streets, there is a 
 tablet which thus reads ; " Here lived Robert ("avelier, Sieur de la Salles 
 1G68." He was the discoverer of the Mississippi, A tablet on Notre 
 Dame street, just east, of St. Lambert Hill reads thus: " Jn 1694 hero 
 stood the house of La Mothe Cadillac, the founder of Detroit." 
 
 Another on St, Paul street, near Custom House Square, reads : "Jean 
 Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville ; born in 1680. In company with 
 his brother, d'lberville, he discovered the moutlis of the Mississippi, 2nd 
 March, 1690 ; founded New Orleans in 1717; and was (iovornor of Louis- 
 iana for forty years. Died at Paris, 1768." 
 
 On the corner of Notre Dame and St. Sulpice street, a tablet tels, 
 us thus. " Here M, de la Prairie opened the first private school iu Mont- 
 real, 1683." 
 
 On St. Helen's Island a tablet is plaovid concerning Levis. It 
 relates his withdrawal to tliat island and his burning his flags by night 
 lest they should fall into the hands of the E iglish. 
 
 These form a galaxy of Historial interest to every student of Montreal 
 as well as Canadian History. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAij, 
 
 2»Q 
 
 '% 
 
 
 "Wcw ai^crmcn an^ ©tbcra. 
 
 A.monK those who have attained to the Council Boarrl of Montreal is 
 Mr. Ames whose short sketch appears at the (lescrii)tion of the V. M. C. 
 Association Building on Dominion Square. He will be one of the most 
 energetic aldermen of the city. He represents the rising young men of 
 Montreal, and his immense majority is a proof of the estimation in wliich 
 the fellow citizens of his ward regard him. I agree witli him in toto, 
 that there is no need for our grand city going begging to Quebec every 
 year for this or that. Let the new Council boldly come forward and tax 
 all the land within the city area. They may omit the Religiaus, Benevo- 
 lent and Literary Institutions forthe present, but tax all alike, all the land, 
 every inch of ground m the city. Tliat will pro-luce .$75, 000 or $80,000 
 annually to the corporation if not more. Imagine $40,000,000 nearly of 
 free and exemjited real estate within tlie city, whilst the poor man luis 
 to pay his tax on his little house, secured by tlie sweat of his brow. The 
 next two years will show what pith the new council is made of, and I 
 think the t'lin edge of the wedge has gojie in to accomplish it. With 
 such men as Mr. Ames and the other new men of tlie Council these 
 requisite changes and necessary improvements in the citiy's financial 
 affairs will receive the attention they deserve, and every well minded 
 citizen will endorse the Council in its attempt to raise within the city, 
 troi its untaxed millions a revenue to swell tlie large amount requisite to 
 keep Montreal as it should be the " Banner City of the Dominion." Mr. 
 Ames did much in his splendid letters of " The City Below the Hill," in 
 opening up the eyes of thousands to our social position, and he is per- 
 haps the only one in Montreal who has tried the " Peabody " idea of 
 homes for working men. His entrance tlierefore into the council, and his 
 seat in more than one of the important committees, is a guarantee that 
 the affairs of Montreal will not suffer in his hands, and that our " Civic 
 Fathers " — " Patres Conscripti " — will be henceforth ever more on the 
 watch to see t!iat all things are administered to the satisfaction of the 
 ratepayers and to the advancement of our city and the good of all. 
 
 ALDERMAN H. EKERS. 
 
 Mr. Ekers was the successful candidate at the last election in St 
 Lawrence Ward. His presence in the council will infuse new life in the 
 committees in which he sits as well as in the Council in general. 
 
240 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 He waa born in Montreal in 1H5."5 iiml is still a man in tlio prime of 
 life. He received his education at the Montreal College School, an insti- 
 tution for many years presided over by tlie late well known Charles 
 Nicolls, one of the best teachers the City ever Ijad. After finishing his 
 curriculum lie entered into the present business anil has continued ever 
 since developing tlio same, until it is now one of tlie great industries of 
 Montreal. Mr. Ekers has always been a staunch Conservative (Tory) in 
 his politics, yet ever ready to advance everything coimected with the 
 advancement of his native City from wliatever source it may spring. 
 This is seen by his being a member of the Board of Trade. He is also 
 a (Jovernor of the Montreal General Hospital and a Life Member of the 
 M. A. A. A. He is also a .). P. for the city of Montreal. 
 
 His Brewery is situatetl at 4U9 St. Lawrence Main Street wiiere the 
 office is, but Mr. Kkers is a busy man, and his new civic duties wit/h 
 those of his own ever increasing business, concentrate and take up 
 all his time. Tlie St. Lawrence \Vard will, no doubt, find tlie benefit of 
 their representative in the Council of the City. 
 
 ALDERMAN ARTHUR GAGNON. 
 
 Mr. Gagnon is another of the new Aldermen of Montreal. He was 
 born at Lajjrairie and received his education at tlie Catholic Commercial 
 Academy in this city. Having completed his studies he left, to enter the 
 dry goods business. Steadily persevering, he became senior partner in 
 the firm of Gagnon, Toussaint et Cie, of St. Lawrence Main Street. In 
 18K0 he bought out the firm and continued until three years ago, when 
 he sold out, and has been engaged ever since as the Treasurer for the St. 
 Jean Paptiste Society and Accountant. Having decided to seek muni- 
 cipal honors he became a candidate at the last election for St. Lawrence 
 Ward, when he was returned by a large majority. 
 
 He is also one of the young men who have lately entered the Council 
 Chambers and he is there sure to be seen and heard in the different com- 
 mittees to which he belongs. 
 
 His own ward will not suffer by his having been returned. The 
 City Council has for the nert two years great work m store for the 
 development of Montreal, and it is certain that at the beginning of the 
 new century, the city will have well benefitted by the present council 
 and their system to make it still more nourishing aud prosperous than 
 ever in the years gone by. 
 
 JAMES COCHRANE. 
 
 Was born in Kincardine, Scotland, 1850. He was educated first at 
 the " Old British and Canadian School," then at the Montreal Collegiate 
 School. 
 
HIHTORY OF MONTRKAl. 
 
 2n 
 
 rst at 
 igiate 
 
 He t'omiiieiK'etl lit'o in the (MU})l()y o\' tlio Mcntn-al i elej^iapli Com- 
 pany, I'isiiijf rapidly by dinl of hard work to tiio position of ni^dit man- 
 iii^er and chicl' operator, which post ho occnpiod lor a number of years 
 snbsiMiMontly iioidin^ a similar position at Wliitohall, Malono and liustun 
 as well aa m Canathi. ini'lntliciK Sydney, ( ". li After ^,'aininK expe- 
 rience and knou ledge of the world, he abandoned telej;:raiiiiy, and 
 engaged under the late .lolm .1. Maid)on;dil, in the eonstrnctiin of the 
 Intereoloiiial Kailway, being energetic and enteiprising in all that ho 
 did. To Mr. Cochrane the credit behnigs of liavnig constructed the Hrst 
 telegraph line through the woods on tbo north shore of Lake Superior, 
 between Nepigon and iJog Lake for .John Ross, the manager of construc- 
 tion I'oi' tile Canadian I'acilic Railway ( onipany. About this linio lie 
 rendered an important service to the country by conveying tnjops across 
 the gaps (hiring the North West Rebellion, receiving, as recognition of 
 this vahuiblo assistance, a letter of thanks frcm the (iovernment of 
 that day. 
 
 rpon his return to Montreal, after years of pros|)eritv in the West 
 he began extensive operations as a contractor. Mucli of the present 
 beauty and comfort of the city streets are owing to the superiority of 
 the methods ami nn\terials use i by Mr. Cochrane in lliling tlie r-ontracts 
 assumed by him. He introduced the Sicilian Rock Asphalt, and lias 
 laid over lifteen miles of it in lengtli. The he ivy rock work in St. .lean 
 Haptiste Ward was nearly all done by him. 
 
 Mr. Cochrane takes a lively interest in all that pertains to the labour, 
 question, evincing by the practical assistance frecpientlv remlered by 
 him in the furtherance of selienies which have for tlieir object the 
 advancement of the cause of tlie U(n'king man. He is a strong friend of 
 the struggling sons of toil, and was vice-president of tlie Trades and 
 Labour Council. 
 
 In politics he is Liberal, fie is a Governor of the Montreal General 
 and Notre Dame H«)spitals, and of the I'rotestant Insane Asylum at 
 Verdun. 
 
 .1. L. ARCH AMR AULT, Q. C. 
 
 The subject of this sketch has been appointed lately to the most 
 imviortant position of Joint City Attorney in connection with Mr. Ethier, 
 Q. C. He was born at V^arennes LS40, and educated at the College of 
 St. Hyacinthe. After his college career he entered as a student in the 
 Law offices of Cartier, Pominville (X Retournay, of Montreal, and in 187tJ 
 took his degree ofR. C. L., at Mc(iil rniversity. Ife was admitted to 
 the Bar July 1H7L at twenty-two years of age. 
 
 Soon after his admis.sion lie entered into partnersliip with Hon, 
 J. A. Chapleau (gow Sir Joseph) and the late Hon. J. A. Mousseau ex- 
 
Ml 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Premier of Quebec. Afterwards he formed a partnership with W. W, 
 Lynch (now Judge) and G. II. Bergeron, late Deputy Speaker of the 
 House of Commons. He has been Crown Prosecutor for some years, un- 
 til the late change of Government at Quebec. He was made Q. C. in 
 1887, when just about making his second trip to London. England, to 
 attend an important case before the Privy Council. In liis professional 
 engagements he has not forgotten Literature, as his articles have ap- 
 peared in many periodicals. He has never entered the vexed arena of 
 politics but devoted himself always to his profession hence, Montreal 
 may rely on his ability and research when called upon to defend lier in- 
 terests in the Courts. 
 
 
HISTORY OFMONTRRAL. 
 
 2ri 
 
 ©l^ stone an^ Sionl">oar^0 of flDontrcal. 
 
 " At last the order lias ko»« fortli that the si^fiis and Hip:iil)()ards oi- 
 Montreal sliall l)e 111) nioro at least they shall be no more as they have 
 been — every man's Hign protruding horizontally from the shop or store 
 whiclr t represents, and all together t'ornuuK a coiiijilete labyrinth of 
 various signs to the utter extinction of symmetry or design of the 
 beauty of tlie street. It has taken Montrealers a long time to tome to 
 Ijliis understanding. The two greatest cities on the earth, viz : Ijoiulon 
 and Paris, first gave the order for street signs to be jilaced on the 
 houses they represent iind not to portrude into the street. It is now 
 13.') years since tlie French capital took the hmd and fiondon followed in 
 1701. M. de Sartines, Lieutenant of Police, ordered that •' in a moiitli's 
 time from the publication of the act, all signboards in Paris and its 
 suburbs were to be lixe 1 against the walls of the houses and not to pro. 
 ject more tlian four inches, including the border, frame or otiier 
 ornaments ; also, the signposts and sign-irons were to be removed from 
 the streets and thoroughfares, and a passage cleared." In the Daily 
 News of date 17()l we lind this item of information: "The signs in 
 Duke's Coiu't, St. Martin's Lane, were all taken down and allixed to the 
 houses." But as every old custom dies hard, so, in London, it took to the 
 year 1773 till the last of these signs in Marylebone and Whitecross street 
 was taken down. The Commissioners-by-Law were ordered to clear all 
 obstructions, Not only luul tlie signs and tlieir sujiports and ))osts to go, 
 but all balconies, sjiouts and gutters had also to disappear. What a 
 bk^ssed thing for the pedestrians of Montreal, if this could be carried out 
 regarding the sjioutsand gutters Let the ("or|>oration add to their im- 
 provements a by-law for the ordering of all these sjiouts and gutters to be 
 carried to tlie back of the houses or in some way to prevent the water 
 running over the foot pavements. In London, in tlie suburbs, even to 
 this day, in spite of all these acts, some signs and signposts, in ail their 
 ancient splendor, are to be seen. At the time when the sign posts wera 
 removed, tlie Londoners began to pave their streets with Scotch granite 
 blocks and to show how long they last, we can see tliese original streets 
 so jjaved at the present day. This jiaving of the streets gave occa- 
 sion ts the following epigram : 
 
 '• The Scottish new pavement well deserves our praise 
 To the Scotch Ave're obliged, too, for mending our ways, 
 But this we can never forgive, for they say 
 Aa that they have taken our postb all away. " 
 
244 
 
 HISTOHY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Now lot tis n:ivo a liiNtory of hIkih lioni tlio earliest reconls ami we 
 will llnd lliat it is not only intere.stiiijj but valuable to tlieNtiuleiit of 
 Aiiciunt as well as .Modern History. In all the Oriental cities .siicli aa 
 Constantinople, Cairo, Alexandria. Daiuaseus, Aleppo, and many others^ 
 the diHt>rent trades are ronllned to the diflerent stretsts, that is, you will 
 find all the silk embroiderers, al! the dealers in drn^s and perfnnjos eon- 
 fined to certain streets or to eert;iia rows in the ba/.:iars anil wekalehs- 
 Hlaeh class has its own quarter, where in little open shops, the merchant 
 sits »,ntlu'oned on a low counter, generall\- sniokinur hi ; pipe or drink« 
 iaff coffea in the stylo charactei'isti(! of the Mussulman. Rvery one 
 knows just whereto go tor a particular article, and when lie j?ets there 
 ho can see at a f^lunce what each man has to sell, and there- 
 fore sijjnboards here would be of no use. When we look into 
 the way of the ancient Egyptians, wo find just the same. They 
 thought that any sign was superlluous ; tlieir goods which they 
 exposed for sale, they considered were sufficient to attract tlie 
 buyer's eye. lint, in the latter ages of Egyjjtiau history 
 they, too, felt that a sign was something, and Sir (iardiner 
 Wilkinson tells us tht\t tiiey sometimes made " inscriptions denoting 
 the trade with the emblem which indicated it," but it was only occas- 
 ionally that they <lid so. All that is made known to us of this subject 
 atnong the ancient Greeks is very meagre and iiulofiuito. There are, 
 however, cn'taiii (Jivvik writers who make freipient allusions to signs and 
 signboards. Aristoi)luines, Lucien, the i)oet, and other writers speak of 
 them, showing that tiiey were not unknown to tlio ancient Greeks, The 
 philosopher Aristotle, who was the tutor of Alexander the Great, says 
 in his 18th I'roLlunatum (translated in English': "As with the things 
 drawn above the sliop.s, which, though they are small, appear to have 
 breadth and dei)th.'' Athenjcus says: "He iiung the well-known sign 
 in front of his house." None, however, of tliese Greek writers tells us 
 what these signs were, whether they were painted or carved, or tlie 
 natural object, so that we are left entirely in the dark, and not much 
 enlightened by Greek history. It is with the Romans, however, that we 
 begin to get liglit. In ancient Home, the Eternal City, some of the streets 
 derived their names from the signs in them. In the Esquilijc, for in- 
 stance, there was a street called " V'ieus Ursi ^ileati "—(the street of the 
 Bear with the Hat on). They almost always put a bush at the door as 
 the sign of a tavern, and hence we derive our own sign and the old pro- 
 verb " Good wine needs no bush." Again, they placed an ansa, or handle 
 of a pitcher to denote a post-liouse, and afterwards these places wliere 
 posting and horses could be procured were called Ans.-e. I lave we not 
 seen in Montreal the same idea? How often is there to be observed a 
 small whisp of straw tied to the end of a stick, and protruding from some 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 ^ 
 
 shop door or yard ixnte to denote tluit tluu-o the buyer can jfot all lie 
 wants in foctd lor horses and cattle. The Ronmns also had painted sikiis. 
 ThJH is (jnite evident from various authors. The celebrated I'hu'drua, 
 the Fable writer, says, (translated in P^lnudish ) 
 
 When the rats wore concpiered by the army of the weasels (a story 
 whiifh we see painted on the taverns.) 
 
 Horace also says in his ;'nd Hook of Satires VII. " I admire the posi- 
 tion of t'le men that «re H>>:litinR, painted in red and black, as if they 
 were really alive." Cicero says in his '• De Oratioiie": "Now I will 
 nhovv you how you are, to which he answered, 'Do please." Then I 
 pointed with my lluRer t )ward8 the cock iiainted on the signboard of 
 Marius, the ChimhiM'i in, on the New Forum, distorted, with his tonj?ue 
 and hauKin^ ciuicks. Everybody bef^an to lau^h." The paintin)?s on 
 these sif^nboards wore not elaborate, pretty much what we sea on those 
 of our own at the present day. However, some of the most famous 
 painters have deigned to paint for a siynboard, both in England and 
 Fraiu;e. I^et me mention a few. A beautiful sign of Shakespeare, which 
 formerly hung in Drury Lane, cost a J. 1". Snuth X.IDil sterling, which sum 
 the painter Clarkson received for it, Samuel Wale. R. A, |)ainted a celo- 
 bratetl llagstitTaiid others, but his best was a whole length of Shakespeare 
 about five feet high for anotiier tavern in Drury Lane. It was sur- 
 rounded by a massive gilt frame, but ilid not long continue hanging 
 for the act of r.irliiimjnt compelled it to be taken down. It was .sold 
 for a tritl(3 to a broker at whoso door it stood for years till it was wholly, 
 destroyeil by windantl weather. There are some good examples of these 
 signboards lo be seen in the Soiitii Kensington Museum. Sign painting then 
 (as it is still) was an important branch of employment.and gave work to 
 men who made it their profession. Tiie " Great Professors " occasionally 
 painted a sign *' for a freak." Hogarth stands at the head of these. 
 Richard Wilson, R. A., painted the "Three Logtjer heads," which name was 
 given to the village to this day. Morland painted several ; Ibetson and 
 David Cox and ths elder Crowe all painted signboards and Harlow was 
 obliged to paint a view of Queen Charlotte for the payment of a bill lie 
 had run up at Epson. A story is told of this i)aiiiting, I'nderneath he 
 put the initials, V. L., for Sir Thomas Laurence, the celebrated painter. 
 When the latter heard of it '' he got into a terrible rage, and said, if 
 Harlow were not a scoundrel, he would kick him from one street's end to 
 the other; upon which Harlow very coolly remarked that "when Sir 
 Thorn vs should make up his mind to it. he hoped he would choose a short 
 street." The great Millais who so lately died also condescended to sign 
 painting. He did a St, George and Dragon, with grapes round it. There 
 are few who have not done so. Some of the greatest of ancient painters 
 have also painted signs etc. Correggio painted "The Mule and the Mula 
 
240 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 teer," iiou in tlio Sutliei'ltiiid collection. (Jtinerally speak inK liowovor, 
 tli»5s»i sijfns wero not of first cIiish order, so tluit tlio Historian I'liiiy is 
 correct wluMi he tells us in his Ntitnrul Mistory (^tlrrtt, statinK that Liteius 
 Miinitis was the first in Koiue who aHixed it picture to the outside of iv 
 iiouse) that "after this 1 find tiiat they wore commonly placed on tlie 
 Foriun fthe m-irket place of Kome). Henco that joke of Crassus, tlio 
 orator." On the Fornm waH also that of an old shepiierd, with a stuff, 
 conccrniuK which a Gtfrman leKi'te, Ijcin^' asked at liow much ho valued 
 it, answered tiiat "lie would not care to have sut-li a mm fjriven to him as 
 a present, even if he were real and alive" What renders all these ox- 
 tracta true are the si^ns and si^'nboards whicli have come down to us 
 from the wonderful excavations of Uerculaneum and i'ompeii, These 
 two cities, as all the world knows, were destr(»ved by a terrible erup- 
 tion of Mount Vesuvius, in the year A. I.\ 79. All thinj^s that tiie inhab- 
 itants did not carry away were found just as they wore left, and 
 covered by the scoria and ashes of the volcano, and amongst a thousand 
 and one dilTerent articles and elTects now rescued from oblivion not ti»o 
 least interesting are the si^fuboards af the ancient inhabitants of Italy. 
 W'e lind that a few were painted, the paint bein^ just as fresh as l8(t() 
 years a>;o. iJenerally their sIkhs were made of terracotta or stoue, and 
 let in to, so to speak, the pillars at each side of the shop door. Anions 
 them we find a jjoatas the sign of a dairy where milk was sold. A mule 
 driving,' a null was the sign of a baker, and as [)oys in ancient Pompei; 
 required the rod at sciiool as they do now in Montreal we lind at tiio door 
 of a schoolmaster tiie sign of a boy getting a good birching. Drinking 
 places in all ages have been about the same, and their .signs are similar 
 no matter wliat country or age of the world's history. We find that in 
 I'ompeii a jiuljlichouse keejier had tw o slaves re|)resente(i above his door 
 carrying an amphora (a large cask). Tliis is exemplified in our own 
 '•Two jolly brewers carrying a tun slung on a pole," very often seen in 
 England as a public house sign. A wine merchant of this city liad a 
 sign of Bacchus, the god of wine, pressing the juice of a bunch of grapes 
 into a cu|) We find signs of tlie jinchor, tlie ship, and the chequers, in 
 Uerculaneum, a shoem.iker had a fine sign. A beautiful cupid carrying 
 a pair of shoes or ladies' sandals, one on his head and the other in his 
 iiand. As years rolled on we find that in Roiae signs were sculptured on 
 the tombs in the catacombs and the method in the Middle Ages of punn- 
 ing on a name can also l)e seen liere. For instance, the grave of Dracon- 
 tius bears a dragon ; that of Onager, a wild ass; Umbricius, a shady tree; 
 Leo, a lion ; and a lady of the name of Porcula, a pig. When the Romans 
 conquered Britain they introduced their manners and customs among 
 our old forefathers, and after they had completely left the island tliese 
 customs remaind. Hence we find their favorite tavern sign of a bush 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL 
 
 217 
 
 frequently taken by the Bi'itonfj for the flame piirpuNu. When the age 
 of chivalry arrived, coats of arnis, crentu ntul badges were asHiiiued na 
 signs by shoi^kucpers and inns. Hence urose such as "The lied Lion," 
 "The BIiiH Lion." " I'he Red Ro^e," "Tlu WliitH Rose." and a thousand 
 others. In old Kiigl ind, wliere education was tlion at a low ebb every- 
 thing tangible to tlie eye wis taken as signs. Tlius a large knife 
 showed a cutler's shop and as at the present day, a liuge pair of shears, 
 a tailor's, and a hand for a glover. Those signs are aeon in 
 Montreal. As luxury increased. however, and several shops 
 of the same kind vied with each other in attracting 
 custom, then something more than the simple signs 
 herotofort) used was r^-'rpiisite. At tiiis time reading w»s still conlined 
 to a few and it was tlioroforo necessary tint objects sliould be placed 
 before the public to enable thom to know tiie dilTerent commodities sold 
 in the difTeront shops. Then, again, as most persons could not even rend 
 the largo letters of the merchant's name, they employed symbols to 
 facilitate theu- advertising. Thus a store keeper of the name of Mare- 
 bottle employed the ilgure of a hare and that of a bottle to make liis 
 name intelligent to the non-readers who passed his door ; so one of the 
 name of Cox, put up two figures of two cocks. As soon as tliese more 
 elaborate signs became general, then each one vied with his neighbor in mak- 
 ing quaintness one of the desiderata and costliness another. The wind 
 and rain being powerful enemies to the preservation of the sign, it became 
 the interest of the proprietor to elaborate to the utmost the iron work 
 by which it was suspended, and hence we fine ornamentations which 
 would do credit to work for tlie interior of some cathedral. Independent 
 of all this, there were (as at the present day in Montreal, against tlie by- 
 law, to.),) mi'iy wh ) simply suspen led at their doors some pro- 
 minent article of their trade. One of the oldest signs is the Golden 
 Fleece, or rather Sheep also tlie Globe. The Montreal globes were very 
 unoruamental. One or two might be gilt, but in London a favorite one 
 was a man with his head and arm or sometimes both arms through the 
 upper part of the globe. It represented the motto " Help me through 
 this world. " Then again, two kinds of lyres or harps respectively, are 
 seen the Irish and the mythological. These signs were always taken by 
 sellers of music and musical instruments. The Admiral which so long 
 appeared with his sextant above the door of a well known optician 
 in Notre Dame street has disappeared. I would suggest, as the 
 Londoners look witli some degree of astonishment at the 
 grotesque figures of ancient signs and signboards now 
 in South Kensington Museum, that those interested in such 
 things collect the most important and place them it safe keeping 
 till we have a public museum such as all citiea of this size have. But 
 what will become of all our Punches and Indians who have figured so 
 
'MS 
 
 HISTORY QF MONTREAL. 
 
 toiiK 'it Hu> doors or iiliovc tliriii of ci^iir aiwl toliiicfo n*>IIi-I'm, u Iici'ii \\i]\ 
 timt woiuliM I'lil teiiiiilo lioiiiict, uiul iifui to it tlio ««iioriiioiiH hoop sliirt, 
 K<)? i lliiil tliiit ciM-tiiiii H|Hits of thu city whi'o iiioro k'>v«ii to iIiosh 
 protiiidiiiM: sif,'i).H iliiit otiioi' piii'tH. Oiut loftilitA' liinl no lt<Hs tlint t«i>;lit 
 iiiiKlit.v kI*iI*(>m. mII ill t li*t slKirt (liHti\ii<-t> ol alioiit •'{im vanis. 'riicn look 
 to tilt? moat aniiv of ju'stli's and iiioitais t'vtM',v\\ Iumo. Ilio »«lHl)orat« 
 pU'tiii'us 1)1' ||IVU'^<('N drawn by cotilhlack liorHitn for the marital or of thu 
 Hiiowywhite poniits tor ciiildriMi must disappear. So tuust thu (ioldiMi 
 Lion and ini^r|ii y t<-a)ii>t, tlii« Iiiik'' fannisti-r for coITim* and the lu-avy Rilt 
 liHinnu'r. Wliatwasa lu'ct'ssily a liundrod yi'arn a^o is no\\ a fare.) in 
 (lirHctiiiK imy one t«» llnd a particular whop or store. We havtj not very 
 luanv coatH t)f arms in Montreal nn nIkhs. but tlione we have must K've 
 placi' tr» anntlit*r situation. One, ho\vt>vt<r, will still inniain, and that is 
 the l{«)yal Anns. When we enter any iilace beloiiKinK to Her Majesty 
 we many be sure to Hee"Tlie Lion ami tlie Inieorn." that is the sign 
 w hieh enfoUls all. .\notlier »i^\\ whieli is hoped will soon a'we way to 
 somethiiij; more common-sense is the K'ilt tooMi. sometimes «)f such jiro- 
 portions that one would tliiiik it would orslioidd have IjeioiiKed to either 
 the Kmims or /u/iins of old. It shows where teeth ean be extracted. 
 In an old aliMan.ic of LSllil (Ind there weie only live who attended to 
 this dei)artinent of medicine in Montreal, .iiid they are called " StUKneui>; 
 et Aracheurs lies 1 )ents." There are two signs which we see in every 
 city — the three balls of the pawnbroker. "My I'liele," and the striped 
 pole of the barber The origin of these signu is given : Tlie three bills 
 are taken from the lower part of the coat-of-arms of the Dukes of Medici, 
 from whose states and Imm Loinbardy nearly all the early bankers 
 came. Tho.se capitalists also advanced money on valuable goods, and 
 hence gradually became pawnbrokers. These bankers had their little 
 .stalls in tlicse Italian Cities, and when I'lu; of these (like some merchants 
 of the pieseiii day) could not redeem their pledges, li is stall was taken 
 away or as the_\ said then " banco rotto." hence .irose 
 the term a " bankrupt. " Let us now see why the barbel's 
 polo is painted re laud white. The-e poles date from tlietime when 
 barbers also practist-d bloodletting or phlebotomy. When a patient had 
 to bo bletl he was matle to holil on to the pole w ith his hands in order to 
 make the blood (low more freely. Wo can see this in more than one 
 illuminattul MS. \s the pole was, of course, liable to be stained with 
 blood, it was |iaiiited red. When not in use the barbers were in the 
 liabit of sus))endin^ it outside of their sho)) with a white liuen cloth 
 twisted rouiul it — lience came tlie two colors. In latter times and in 
 Montreal, w t> see red and white, black and w hite, and red, white and 
 blue poh!s. The barbers were called surgeon barbers. The two profes- 
 sions became separate in 1715. 
 
IIISTOUV OF MONTHKAL. 
 
 249 
 
 >rs 
 
 Many do not kimw tlmt i't*aii Hwil't puiiiifd tin- t'ollowin^ lor a 
 Imrlier'n hIkii : 
 
 " RitVf not Iron. ()oli' to polo, hut stop in linri', 
 WliDm noiiKlit i-xci'IIm tin- shiiviiiK. '»»l ti'u l)«er." 
 We B(<o often ii linxt» biirri'I niiulo the slf^ii of the Hliop vvliore 
 ben- IS sold, ai\(l a heaver always ropreseiits a liat Htore. The tall hat 
 was called a heaver, and the pelt was that of the heaver, hence 
 tln^ name. The red or colored uinhrella is the invariable si^n of the 
 maker of that article. llml)>'ellas were hroiiKlit ititi> fashion by 
 Hanway, the philanthropist, about the end of the eiKhteenth century. 
 Uefonf this time a cloak was tlie only Droteetion during a shower. Man- 
 way was the hrst man who ventured to wnlk ih«> streets of l^ondon 
 with an umhrella o\ i-r his head, .\ftcr doinjif so for a (piarter of a cen- 
 tury he saw them conuuon (MioukIi- A big hat was often seen in Mon- 
 treal as the sign for a hatter, anil if one studit^d these signs he <'ouhl 
 get at their agti from their sliipe. Itiscuiious to note, not only in 
 signs and timir nanuvs, hut also in everythiuK else, how corrupted the 
 name gets and after long unago takes the bastard name and not the 
 original. We see this in sucii names in our own country as "Susan 
 Mary" for Sault Sainti* Mariu. "Petticoat" for I'etite ('ote, and many 
 others, and in names of places, etc., in England it is just the same. We 
 llnd it in the words " Hottenrnu " in Ijondon. and in the "' Hell Savage '' 
 for la Hello Sauvagt!. We see it in the sign "The Hull and Mouth," 
 which moans Houlogiu- Mouth : in tlu> sign '• Shovel and Itoot," whicli 
 in all pro''abilit\ was '•I'lio Sliovi^l and Hoiit," a sign often soon on canals^ 
 "The Axe and Hottle " evidently was origiiuilly the Hattle Axe. 
 
 No doubt w iien all the signs and signboards disap))eai the streets will 
 look bleak and barren for some time, i'ow silent it will feel at midnight, 
 especially wiien the wind blows, and there are no signs to shake and 
 ereak on their hinges? What a dilliculty in liiidiug out the shops one 
 wants to go to, and how, abos'e all, mostly everybody, and especially tlie 
 old people, will giuml)le at fhe iimovation. 
 
 Again 1 would call on those u ho are taking, or about to take down, 
 their signs or signboards, that they should attend to my suggestion and 
 send the best and also the oldest to some museum like the Natural His- 
 tory Museum, tlm Chateau Rame/,ay, tlie Mcfiill College, or to one of 
 the French clubs, to be kept there, so that Moutrealors of the year li<IOO 
 may see what curious things their old forefathers tisod in inducing the 
 citizens to come to tlieir 8lio|)s to buy, or to their hotels to stay. 
 
260 
 
 HISTORY OP BiONTRB4U. 
 
 a Ipbantaenmoorta of Citiscne' "Wamcs of HDontrcal. 
 
 All the tmiuKN muntioned hens niid buKi'mlnR with a c'a})itul letter 
 aro really iiiiineH of noiiie one or other of the inhuhitHutH of our Citv< 
 Let any one try what I have doiio aud thuy will tlud that a very larfre 
 ainoiint of liilior has burn expended ou even this eont{lonieration. One 
 liviuK ill a lar^o city does not know how many curlouM nanieH are found 
 therein. This will h'jlp to (;lear up the mist of thoHe partieu and perliaps 
 tual<e them think that their family name Ih nimdhiiuj after all. I have 
 divided the liut into Heverul dilYerunt partx, and all the names of any 
 particular claNH go to^^ether. of course .some of tliu capitals commencing 
 Hues do not represent families. 
 
 But one of all the months inscribed is Sane, 
 "The nierry niontii of May," — when all isdreen ; 
 For Sprinif has come after Lon^* Frost, and Suow, 
 And ice and cold have k<>'H', *« they must go ; 
 And Winter's, (Jale, and storm wliicli carried cold 
 Have diMuppeared as in the iJa/.e of old, 
 And Summer's ray, brings health and happiness, 
 And all— the goodness of the Lord, do bless. 
 
 Of Scripture names, a number here we trace 
 Adam and Eve, tiie first of human race, 
 Abel is also seen and likewise Kane, 
 But for the name of Seth v.e search in vain, 
 Abraham, Isaac, Israel, now appear, 
 The sons of Jacob, Judah, Levi, Dan are here ; 
 And his two younger som are also Sene, 
 Joseph, and Benjamen, the loved I ween, 
 A.mo8, the propliet— patriach Job, then he 
 Who led the people from tlieir captivity ; 
 Moses, Saul, Sampson, Samuel, David's son 
 Solomon, Daniel, and yet we are not dune, 
 
lltSTORV OF MONTREAL. 
 
 2S1 
 
 ittur 
 
 One 
 )uiul 
 hapH 
 havo 
 ' any 
 icing 
 
 For Matliew. Lucas, Jolin and I'atil, are found 
 And 'IhoniiiH, Aiulrttw, I'etitr, .lainuH, tliun bound 
 W'e o'er the lioly Land, to Jordan, Kiver, 
 And tliuH from Sri-ipturt>, nainoH, wc now uuHt never 
 
 Of fouiiuoa nanit'H indeed we have our llil, 
 
 Hicluird and Tiioni, Jack, Duncan, JackH and Ittll, 
 
 Holiert and William, Henry, Dick and (HI!, 
 
 JoluiH. Knink and lliiglicH, Jactiu m, Jonen and Matt, and Will. 
 
 Plant, on the Moinitain, Forest, Hill or (ilen. 
 The Box, Hooch, Asli, Hickory. Hark, and then 
 Oaket!, Ciierry, I'oar, Hriere, Perry, Birch and Vine, 
 Olive, the Rose, or Rue, then Mohs and t^eruH and Pine ; 
 There's Pease, Thorn, Millet, Wood, Mrush, OateH, Heath, 
 A Root, of Hush, Herb, Moore, or Fenn, or HauKh, beneath 
 The Lily, fair and Gourd, with Ri<'o, Mace, Date. 
 
 No Mouth is hero but there Ih a Southgate ; 
 The North, inhere, anil theie are West, and Ea.st, 
 Both Pope and Cardinal, Bishop, Pean, Monk, Priest, 
 And Church, antl Kirk, and Cross, and Clerk I ween, 
 Soxtoti with Keys. Bell, Books, at Hand, are Sena 
 Whilst KMer, Deacon, Canon, Hood, come so fast, 
 Tliat all the cleric titles soon are past. , 
 
 There's Childs and Mann, there's Baby and there's Sonne, 
 But father, mother, brother, sister, none. 
 '• Light, as a Feather," this adage is here, 
 And Bland, and Wand, and Duff, and Tuff, appear ; 
 Here Fish, and Nish, and Hodge, and Dodge, areSene 
 And Budge, and Mudge, and Salt, Wait, Stoen and Geen, 
 Soly, and Joly, with Wight, and Wright, and Bright, 
 Ulley, and Sualley, Tardy, H*rdy, Foster, and Kuight, 
 Brooke, Cooke and Tooke, with S{)ort, and Short, and Ray, 
 Hay, Jay, and Wray, and Lay, and Kay, and Bray. 
 
 Of titles, King, Queen, Noble, Prince, and Earl, 
 A Duke, a Lord, the Diamond, but no pearl ; 
 Savage, Clement, Gentle, with a Comb, and Brush, 
 
262 
 
 ItlSTORV OP MONTREAL. 
 
 Of birds Swnu, Sparrow, Swallow, Cook, no thrush, 
 A Drake and Duck, a Kyte, Hawko, Nigiitin^alo, 
 A IMRoon, Parrot, botli in Martin, Hale ; 
 A Dorkin and tlie Coxe, an Egg, from hen, 
 In Moore, or h'orest, is seen a Stork or Wren, 
 Where Quail, and Heron, we hear the Peacock, cry 
 The Crane Sandpiper, Swift and Wildgoose Hy, 
 
 And wliere on Hirks or Brays, the Robins sing, 
 Goslings, in Woods, do sliow tlie approach of Spring. 
 
 From Bird, to metals and we now behold 
 Iron, Steel and Silver, no lead but (luinea, Gold ; 
 A Beau, for ev'ry Belle, a Coflin, Case, — here come 
 With Major, Knight, tlie Fyfe, Harp, Horn and Drum. 
 
 Of animals, there's Wolf, Fox, Catt. and Mair, 
 
 The Badger, Lion, Tiger, Beaver, Bear, 
 
 No slieej) but Lamb— no cow but Bull, is liere. 
 
 No deer, but Hart and Roe— no goat but Kidd appear ; 
 
 Hare, Burroughs, deep from Bullock, in the Field, 
 
 And to the CHuin. of Hunter, will not yield. 
 
 In fish, we see Pyke, Salmon, Dor(j, Roach, 
 
 For tlie Law says no Fislier, these must i)oach. 
 
 Foote, Head, Brow, Hand, and Lippe and Legge, we see. 
 
 No other Paiton, Mann's, anatomy ; 
 
 Colier, the Coleman, brings uow all his Coals. 
 
 And Enipeys, down his load at Mr. Bowles ; 
 
 Wallace and Bruce, the glorious chiefs are here, 
 
 And Cramp and Camp, and Smart, Dart, uow appear ; 
 
 Of curious names if we now wisli to seek, 
 
 rhese Yelle, Fell, Pell, Fatt. Hatt. Watt, Feck and Meek, 
 
 And Itoutli, and Raynes, and Baynes, and Sleep, and Bold, 
 
 Barr, Farr, Carr, Marr and Parr, we too beliold. 
 
 No leather but there's Hides, there's Bacon, and there's Hogg, 
 
 Goode, Uowd, who has no pride, with Moll and Bo;?g, 
 
 Dragon and Leach, Fowler, Owler Lynn, and Flynn, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTMEAL. 
 
 Pacey, ami Stacey, Riley ami Wiley, I'lirse, and Qiiinn, 
 
 Hincks, Wiucks and Jinks, Povv. Purr, and Rigps, 
 
 liagg, Dagg and Ragp, and Spragg, and VVi-gs and Hifigs, 
 
 There's Sliort, and Long, and Dodge, IIodLe, Frost, Kold, Snow, 
 
 Stark, Bark, and Park, there's " IJinke and Ilai-e," and Low. 
 
 And Baird and Caird, and liall, and Call and Fall, 
 
 And Dodd, and Todd, we see with Wall and Hall, 
 
 There's Nish and Nash, there's Boy and Noy, Towie, Sleet, 
 
 Webl), Walsh and WattK, and Ass, with Horseman, Fleet, 
 
 There's Silverman, and Siiverstone, and Silverwood all tliree. 
 
 And Golden, Goldstein, Goldbleet, Goldbag, on the Lee, 
 
 There's Ironside and Copper th wait, there's Starnes, Barnes and Dunn, 
 
 We Hope the Beer Is Cool, says Sonne, and Munn and Lunn, 
 
 Codd, Dodd, and Todd, avd Ruff and TufP and CnlT, 
 
 Plow, Pick and Peck, and Gurd, Bott, Holt, and Huff, 
 
 There's Bunk and Rorke, Shield, Sword, Spear, Roy, 
 
 With Hess, and Ness, and Marks, and Parks, Topps, Toy, 
 
 There's Goodhugh, and Goodyear, and also a Goodbody, 
 
 There's Peterson and Patterson, but there is no tomnoddy ; 
 
 Dame, Trott is here, and her most famous Catt, 
 
 The Best, to Cater for a sly mouse or Ratte, 
 
 They all send out with CroU, and Kell and Well, 
 
 And Svvail, and Baile, with Poll and Tell and Felle, 
 
 Like Band of Singer, or like wild Ass, Bray, 
 
 Or roar of Bull, heard in the Spring, in May. 
 
 Of occupations many are, we Ioo'k, 
 A Barber, Baker, Carter, Smith and Cook, 
 Taylor, Wright, Carpenter, Glover for glovemaker, 
 Sawyer, Sadler, Cooper, Falconer, Nurse, and Baker, 
 Boxer and Fuller, Farmer, Slater, Dyer, we see, 
 Mason, and Gardiner, Cutler, for cutlery. 
 Shepherd and Shearer, Surveyer, Miller for Mills, 
 Pot+^er and Porter, Brewer, Clerk, I'oiner for Sills, 
 An Archer, Hunter, is seen over Field and Flood, 
 O'er Sands and Water, but there is no blood ; 
 Spriggins, and Wiggins, we have Stark and Pr.rk, 
 With Briggs and Wiggs, and Larkiu, but no lark, 
 
IM 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Castle ou ClifT, a Couch in lonely Glen, 
 
 A (iate, a Looke for Chamberf, there's Quill, no pen. 
 
 No Quires, for Church, but Singer and tlioir Song, 
 
 These are all names tliat to the Kirk, belonsr, 
 
 If we now turn to countries, we find again, 
 
 England and Ireland, Holland, (Jreece and Spain, 
 
 English and Irish, Norman, Finn, Frank. France, 
 
 ^Vith whom the Scott, and Welsh, of Wales, ayy broke a lance, 
 
 Rome, York and Manchester, I'eebles, and Ayer, 
 
 Over the land are scattereil here and there. 
 
 Of color. Red, White, and Black, and Brown and (rreen, 
 
 Tiiere's Gray, and Grey, no })urple here is Sene ; 
 
 Whether in the Street, or in the Lane, we be, 
 
 A Flint, Rock, Stone, for certain we will see, 
 
 And May, that be the copestone of tlie ome. 
 
 Rising above the brightest Spott our Home. 
 
 r;=e=?=^' 
 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 286 
 
 ConcluMiio IRcmarlks. 
 
 Various changes have taken place whilst tliis work lias been going 
 tlirongh the Press, Our esteemed Mayor Wilson-Sinith E.sqi'. has 
 fuHilled hiaterm of office and Raymond IVefontaine l"]bqr. Ci.(!., M.P. has 
 been by acclamation placed in the Mayor's cliair and is now " His Honor 
 the Mayor of Montreal" Several of the Aldermen of lSOO-7 have resigned 
 and others have been elected in tlioir place. Death lias been very 
 sparing of the Patrons of the Book, n< ne having joined tlie great major, 
 ity during the past five months. Tlie Civic Bill has passed tlie Legis- 
 lature and it remains to the new Council to inaugurate a system which 
 will place Montreal on such a footing tliat she will in future be more 
 enabled to regulate lier ow n affairs and to extend her borders so as to 
 include all the neighboring municipalities, if not the whole Island 
 itself. 
 
 It remains with the new Council to adopt such measures that the 
 interests of the city will be the par;unount and first idea in all their 
 By-laws and Regulations,so that our ^:rand City, the first in wealth in the 
 Dominion will be the Banner City of Canada. It has been thrown up to 
 Montrealera by Torontonians that our wealthy citizens are not so 
 generous aa those of the City of Toronto. The many pictures in this book 
 of public places raised by Montreal gifts of private citizens or of those 
 only spoken of, refute this chax'ge, and stand as a public recognition of 
 generous minds and hearts. To mention one would be to mention a long 
 list of Educational Establishments, Literary and Club Buildings, Hos- 
 pitals and Asylums, and many other monuments of their forethought and 
 generosity. Perhaps there is not a city of the same size whicli can boast of 
 such a variety and numberof such fnstitutions,at least we beat Toronto 
 a thousand fold, but still for Montreal's teeming thousands — there is yet 
 room for many more such like Institutions. 
 
 Regarding the variety of pictures, I may state that those that ap- 
 pear of public Buildings were loaned to me at once by those interested 
 in the same — or they paid for a cut being made. Some public Buildings 
 will be missed. The fault is not mine but of those whom 1 requested to 
 send in the cuts of their Churches, Colleges and Establishments. Con. 
 spicuous among such are the English Cathedral and Trinity Church, in 
 
166 
 
 IllMTOUY OF MONTHKAL 
 
 ViKer S(|unre, St. .lainoH' C'litlu'dral. riimrh of the Gt'Hii, and St. I'atrick'H 
 Chiireli, Laval rnivm-f^ity ami tho lliuli School, tlie I'arisli ("luircli, 
 I'lact) (I'AniieH. and some of tlit' Convents. However, almost all tlu-sti 
 Institntions have l)een so IVeiinently placed in I listoiies. (iuides and 
 J)eHcri})tionH of Montreal in the pant, that the ^'leat nninber of new 
 views in my Hook will be iicceptednH a ste)) in tlie ri^ht direction. 
 
 A nnnd)er of fliese hiive never Appeared in a hooU of this kind on 
 Montreal before ami they aild to the value of tiie work. 
 
 As regards the variety of eutw — one may -ay that a uniform kind 
 would have better ilhistniteii the Hook. Let him who tliinks so, ju'-t try 
 to tlo otherwise than I have th)ne. In a Hook of Hiou;raphy hkemy last 
 Gn/etteer — |)ublished a lew years a^o— each i lioto-portrait was the 
 basis of a beautiful |)hoto-Kraveur. In this work it nUKlit also have 
 been the same, if the great expense of doiuK so had not been in the way. 
 Besides, those who sent cuts of tiieir dilVereiit buildings or of souie His- 
 torical event, wished them to ap|)ear just as the cut they sent wouUl 
 I)roduce~henee has arisen such a diversity of pictures intiie volume. 
 
 In concluding my labo s I lind after every care, there have crept 
 in a lew typographical errors, l hese will easily be detected and cor- 
 rected. If the reading of tliy one thousantl and one dilTerent items of 
 interest and History will give my readers the satisfaction I have derived 
 from its compilation, the labor lias not been in vain. Much research and 
 trouble have been ex))ended in tlie work of comjiilation and every one 
 will admit that it is tlie i>iily work whnli contains the comjilete record 
 of the City in the letter press and cuts from its inception to the present 
 day. 1 thank here (as I did others in the Preface) all who have helped 
 me in giving jilates to illustrate tho work and who have so kindly sub. 
 scribed for one or more copies, thus enabling me to bring it out. 
 
 As this will certainly be the last Book on Montreal published in this 
 Century, and as none of us can have any idea of what the })rogression 
 of the »')th Century will bring forth, I close these remarks by stating 
 that for nearly fifty years the writer has been issuing liooks on Oeneral 
 History. Geography, English Literature and especially on the City of 
 Montreal, his adopted home, and for each and every AV'ork lie has 
 always received the liearty ajjjrroval and support of the citizens, for 
 which, and the measure of patronage vouchsfed to this "his last Bantam" 
 he writes : "Thanks." 
 
in STORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 267 
 
 ord 
 esunt 
 I ted 
 
 lib. 
 
 this 
 
 ision 
 
 iiig 
 
 y ot 
 
 has 
 
 for 
 
 am" 
 
 an le^ucatiO!lal (rcntcnar\\ 
 
 A iiood dual iias beoii wrlttoii and spoken about our Public! ScIiooIh. 
 Ilfis it over struck those in connectio ( with our educational system 
 in Montreal, that tiie year 1SIS7 was the cenlciuin/ oi' tlie establishment 
 and introduction oi' EhkHsIi education and English schools into this city 
 of Montreal, but audi is the case, nevertheless ? 
 
 .lust exactly 100 years apo we find in the ))resentiuent of tlieOrand 
 Jury of the Court of Kinf^'s IJench, that they had received a conimuni- 
 cation from a Mr. Nelson, a teacher of Three Rivers, askin.i< if sutli-' 
 eient patronage would be Kf^nted to him if lie should remove ids school 
 from Three Rivers to Montreal. The (hand iFury reconiint'iided iiis com- 
 munication to the (iovernor, and that the Ciovernment allowance l)e 
 granted to him, ami promised tiiat ))atronage would be given him, as the 
 want of an English school was much felt in Montreal. 
 
 This is the substance of their presentment, aid oi the streuK'th of 
 it Mr. Nelson removed his school froiti Three Rivers to Montreal. 
 Who was this Mr. Nelson ? He was the fatlier of Dr. Wolfred Nelson 
 and Dr. Robert Nelson, two names famous in the troubles of 1837 and 
 1S38. 
 
 Is it not a curious coincidence that the Jubilee of Englisli educa- 
 tion in .Montreal should have been the year (IHJiT) of tiie accession of 
 Her Most Gracious Ma,i(>sty the Queen to the Tlirone of Kn>i:land 
 and that two of tlio chief patriots of the rebellion of 1S;J7.^(^ 
 should have been the sons of him who is t'le fatlier and the founder of 
 English Eliicatiou in tids metroijolitan city of the i dominion — and 
 stranger still, tlnit when the centennial of tliat education arrived it was 
 also the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign, and also the jubilee year for 
 the free and independent election and self government procured to us by 
 the ))atriots of 1837-38— by wliat they then did. Nay, more than this, 
 tliat there was ((Ver the Province of Quebec, then called Lower Canada, 
 and where the twelve patriots shed their blood and died fci ti.eir native 
 land, a Liberal Government at the Queen's Jubilee and at her Diamond 
 Jubilee also a Liberal Government which seems to have nideed risen 
 on the buried ashes of tliese twelve noble men who suffered in the 
 Liberal cause, and in this Golden Jubilee year, uniting all classes and 
 nationalities, and doing justice to ail creeds and causes thereby not only 
 carrying out the sentiments of tlie patriots of 1837, but also tho.se of the 
 prophetic seer in Holy Writ, where he explains, " The liberal devi.seth 
 liberal things and by liijeral things shall ho stand." May the above fall 
 a t lousaml fold on the present Liberal Goverment of Quebec, and may 
 the leader of it, as the old ))rophet says stand, as he is so much entitled 
 to do. 
 
 J. D. B. 
 
258 
 
 msTOlJV OK MONTltKAL. 
 
 H Scene in Craio Street an^ tbe Cbanip ^e DHars 
 
 VV^henever I pas.s up (JoHlbrtl Street niul by wimt is now a virieKR'" 
 factory it rucallH to my ineiiio _\' one of llic j^reatest I'muM-als tliat ever 
 took place in Monti'^al, I'roni the (.Jarrisou Cliapel. thit of General 
 Wyndliam, the ("ouuuander of H. M. Troops, Llim in (,'anaila. Only one 
 other General had ever died in iMontroal, so far as I know. General Our- 
 bani buried in the I'apineau Huryinu: (Jronnd. Tho funeral of (Jeneral 
 Wyndhani wa.-. jieculiarly interesting, not only because lie was one of the 
 heroes of Lucknow, and previous to that of Sebastapol, but because it 
 was attended by Prince Artiiur anil otiier notablos. Ie» reading the 
 account! wrote of the circumstance, one will see how many of the oHicers 
 mentioned have passed over to the ijreat majority, and tluit few of our 
 Motitreal superior officers then present arc i\ow to tlie fore. 
 
 Oh The day of the General's funeral, accordiuK to orders, the whole 
 of the troops in garrison paraded on Craig Street with arms reversed, 
 and winter clothiiij?. 
 
 Liong before the appointed hour, '2 p. m., a j?reat crowd had gathered 
 on ' raig Street and on tlie Champ de Mars. Very few of tlie spectators 
 except the military officers and friends of the deceased were allowed to 
 enter t)ie Cha|»'l- 
 
 The coffin wiiicli cont.iined the remains of the illustrious General 
 was enveloped by the Union .Tack, and on it was placed his hat and 
 sword and wreaths of immortelles. In the front pew^ were seated the 
 chief mourners, Mr Wyndhani. his son. Surgeon Major Smith, Captains 
 Hendson and Hare. H. R. Highness, Prince Arthur, sat immediately be- 
 hind in the next pew in company with Colonel Hamilton, R. E., and 
 Colonel McNeil representing Sir .John Young, Governor General, and not 
 far from tliem were Colonel Brydges, of tJie G. T. R. Brigade, and Colonel 
 T. Lyman, and many others of the staff and volunteers. 
 
 The pall-barers were Colonel Martindale, R. E,, Colonel Osborne 
 Smith, D. A. G. M., Colonel Gibl)on, Colonel Wolseley, D.A. G. M., In- 
 spector Ganeral McCree, Colonel Lord Russel, Lieut.-Colonel Harwood, 
 D. A. G. M., Lieut.-Colonel Fielden, OOth Rifles, and Colonel Dyde, Com- 
 mandant. 
 
 The Clergymen present were tlie Rev. Mr. Bartlett, Senior Garrison 
 Chaplain, Rev. J. D. Borthwick, Junior Cha))lain, Rev. Dr Baleh, the 
 Rev Dr. Wright, and the Uev. E. Wood. 
 
HIHTOKY OF MONTHKAL. 
 
 nieral 
 and 
 the 
 
 )taina 
 be- 
 and 
 not 
 onel 
 
 At the conclusion of the Church servife the body waw borne out «)n 
 th»' shouhhM-s of six inoii of tho Itifle Hrigrido, and placed upon a K<m 
 carriaKo drawn by six iiorsos. Thirtonu minute ^'uns ironi Captain (iore'h 
 Haltery were Hi-ed previous to tlie ileparture and after ceasing liring the 
 Artillery took their departure in front of the cortege, and the procession 
 moved along Craig Street up St. Ti-iwrencu to Mount Royal Cemetery, 
 in the following order : The Rifle Mrigade, the Clergy in separate con- 
 veyance, the hearse, befi)re which was led by an i.vdorly, the (ieneral's 
 horse, chief mourners, orticers of tlie staff, militia and voliuiteer oflicers, 
 regular oflicers, and H. R. Highness, Prince A.rtliur. 
 
 The streets were lined the whole distance with great crowds of 
 spectators listening to the beautiful music of the Hiflo Hrigade Hand. 
 
 When the procession arrived at t')e cemetery the Artillery took up 
 a position on the left and unlimbercd, the Rifle Brigade halted, lined 
 the Avenue, with arms reversed, allowing the procession to i)ass on to 
 tlie vault. Here the lemainder of the biu-ial service was read by the 
 two Chaplains, the writer repeating these solenni words over the coffin 
 " As our hope is this our brother dotli," 
 
 At the conclusion the battery lired a salute of tldrteen guns, the 
 body was borne into the vaidt and all was over. 
 
 Among those who al.so took part in the cerenjony were Lieut.. Col.. 
 Bolton, t:ol. Tiiackwell AAi., L eut.-Col. Earle, Lieut.-l'ol. Haeon, H.M.M., 
 Col. David, Lieut,-Col, Routh, Major Hick.son, (afterwards Sir |osei)h), 
 Hug'i Allan, Esq., (afterwards Sir Hugii), Hon. Ciitleon (Juimet, Ed. 
 Cai'ter, M, 1*. P., Rev. J. iJuraoulin, (now Bishop of Niagara), Rev. 
 Canon Bancroft, Rev. Canon Bond, (now Bishop of Montreal), Hon, John 
 Young and many otiiers. 
 
 Whilt changes have tak n place since that day. Prince Arthur is 
 now Duke of Connau^ht, Colonel Wolseley is now ('ommander-in-('hief 
 of the British Army. Thackwell, Earle, David, Hui^h Allan, Bancroft, 
 John Young, Ed. Carter, Colonel Gore, Sir John Young, Governor Gen- 
 eral, Colonel McXeil, Colonel Dyde, Dr. Balch, Colonel Brydges, (and 
 there may be others) have all passed away, and of the thousands wiio 
 then saw a General's funeral for tlie first time, tliousands lie in the 
 Mount Royal Cemeteries. 
 
IIFSTOIIY OF MONTKKAL. 
 
 REMl NICENCES 
 
 OK 
 
 CERTAIN STREETS. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Ml 
 
 ®m* SolMcro* t5rav)c0. 
 
 Not lotif^ HKO i viHitml tliH IsIhikI, anti wan pained to see that, jtiHt at 
 the plat'o where sUuiiber Hritain'H dead, all the merrymaking ko"" «>•'• 't 
 |S indeed a deHolatu lookinK phtoe, and stran^uly ont of keeping with its 
 Hnrronni'.iiiKH. \\ Iumi I saw it, it broufjlit vividly to my mind the lant 
 burial of the last Hritisii .soldier who was interred within tlm little 
 cemetery, 1 will K've here a record of that funeral, at wiiich time, I was 
 Chaplain in Montreal of Her Majesty's troops. 
 
 " Ihirial of a Soldier of the Red River Expedition- -In connecti<m 
 with tlie above it raav be interesting to the readers of tlio Clntrch 
 //rr«/J, to know of the last Imperial military fnneral which took place 
 in Montreal previous to the final departure of all Her Majesty's troops. 
 
 A young men, one of the Red River Expedition, died about a fort- 
 night ago from disease contracted in the well-regulated and famous 
 Canadian expedition. As all the troops liad been sent to Quebec, except 
 one hundred men, and the old i)urial ground of the I'apineau Road was 
 uoiupletely tilled, it was ordererl that he sliould be buried on St. Helen's 
 Island. The weather was very tempestuous, and a heavy snowstorm 
 was falling at the time. On account of it, no men were allowed tc* go 
 over in tlie garrison boat, save the boatmen and one or two others to as- 
 sist. The cottin lay in the stern of the boat, with the offic^er in com- 
 mand on one side, and the chaplain to ofliciate on the other, and thus 
 was rowel to his long re.sting pin ' he last of Her Imperial Majesty's 
 troops, which in all probability w id ever be quartered in Montreal. On 
 arriving on the Island and at the grave, it was found that there were no 
 ropes to lower the coffin, and bj' placing one end of a board in the grave 
 and the coffin on it, gradually withdrawing it and tying a muffler of one 
 of the men round the other end, the coffin was slowly lowered into its 
 last resting place. 
 
 Why have our Protestant Committee for Mount Royal Cemetery 
 consented to deliver up the Papineau Road burying ground to the Cor- 
 poration of Montreal — a largely Roman Catholic corporation — to make, 
 as is supposed, a public square of it ? What earthly use is there in 
 Papineau Road of a public .square ? There are fields enough all round 
 unbuilt on, and no necessity for such. 
 
 As I buried the last soldier in the little cemetery on St. Helen's 
 Island, so I did in Papineau Road burying ground ; and when I .saw the 
 
262 
 
 MtSTOnV OP MONTRRAL. 
 
 ffrntind thrown on his <'c>niii HupiKisrd tliiit tlio npot would ho hold Narrod. 
 Wo ('anadiiiMs hiivo hooii k''»''»H.V ht'iiollttod \)y tho troops wht'ii Ihoy 
 wore here, and wo all woro Kind onouKli of their protoction at tiniOH liko 
 '(10 and '7i>, and ovon in oarlior tinioN, aH -.voll aH tho Trent alYair. And I 
 considor it un y:i\inK up ii sn*-n>d trust on tlio part of tlio Mount Koyal 
 I'l'otostuut I'oniotcrv tiiistoos lo iiaixl ovor tins spot I'or miu'Ii a ridiciUoUH 
 purpose HH i.<4 hitondtMl. I du hope piihlic feelinK will be arouHed, that 
 the dosocration will never take pliice, and that a nionioriai will be sent 
 to till' Wiir onico an»'nt It. As a icproMentativo of Hor Ma.jostv'* troopM, 
 and one who had a ^ood deal to do with tlUH IturyinK Krounil for (M^lit 
 yearN. I protest agaiuHt itH beiuK ruthlesHly broken into and the monu- 
 luents Mud KravostoneH and the bones of warriors there interred re- 
 moved. .1. I). B. 
 
jfucl for rrontrcal 
 
 Tim following: Ii't.tt<r \vrltt»Mi Ity mo \n tlm Mnntroal "Star" March 
 187i — tlio VMir of tlu< tlio trrril)! ■ HciircitN ol' fiii'l in Montreal is worthy 
 of prttHervatioii, witli the rciuarks of that pa|U!r. 
 
 One of th« llnowt Ni^ht^ tint the Stroet>< of Montreal ever wItneHsetl 
 waH that same year wlien to help the poor of all nationnlities and 
 denominations, that larj^re hearttnl "Apostle of the North" M^r. 
 (Father Lahelle) arrived in Montreal with some linndiedH of Nleighs, all 
 loaded with wood for the Corporation t(» diNtrihnte to the free/.inK poor. 
 If the K^wri Father had never done anything more in his pid)lic life, thiH 
 act (^ommeniled him to the OHtimation of all hnt we (ran also see at 
 pa^e lun in the History of the V. I*. II. —what his acts were then. 
 Many a poor widow's eyes 'were wet with thanks and orphans made 
 warm hy his timely and kind aid us well of the action taken of my sug- 
 Kestion and St. Helen iHhind'.s trees — The Sprinp: of 1872 was a very in- 
 clement and cold one and March was one of the coldest months uf that 
 winter. 
 
 *' In the present drealfnl scarcity of fuel, would it not be fidfllling 
 tlie duties and responsihilitics of tlieCity Fathers if the Corporation 
 could make some arrauijenuMit with the I)oniinion (iovernment to be al- 
 lowed to t^ake away all the fallen trees on St. Helen's Island ? I remem- 
 ber, when a Chaplain to the troops, ray duties took: me several times a 
 week over to tlie Island, remarking' frequently on the flue larfjo trees 
 lyin^ all over the Island, and rottiu!^ (luiotly away. Your readers can 
 also remember the ^rcat hurricane which tlid such damage to the orna- 
 mental trees of our city two years aB:o. It also ))assed over St. Helen's 
 Island, and laid several scores of trees level with the ground. 
 
 These trees consist of maple, bii-ch, hicoiy and beech. To-day beech 
 is being sold at $1.") per cord, and. roughly calculatinj?, some hundreds 
 of cords could be gathered on St. Helen's Island, without touching a 
 single stan<ling tree growing and in life, for there are many of the large 
 trees standing, quiet dead, or nearly so. Let then, the ("ity Fathers, 
 before the ice goes, get this wood for tlio poor of their city, and I am 
 sure the Dominion CJovernment will not refuse their retiuust. Trusting 
 the suggestion throw n out may be acted upon. J, D. B. 
 
 "The letter we published last night from the Rev. .1. Douglas Borth- 
 wick, suggesting that the fallen trees on St. Helen's Island be utilized 
 
2(U 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 AS t'ut>l, iiitiMt coiiiiiumhI itMuir to (ivttry tOti/iMi, and nIioii1(1 \m Kute<i upon 
 witlioiK n inoiiK'iit'H iIi'Ikv Hi' i>< iiecossary to pivx-iirn lli«* pKi'tniHsioii 
 of Sir (i. K. ( iiiliti'. — Miii'olv 11 iiifif roniKilitv tint Naiiiu slioiilil Ix* <Ioiih 
 by ti^lttKi'Hpii. mill tlio work ot Imiilin^ tli*' liiiihxi- iit once buKun. Vb 
 noticu that n coiiteinponiry .Hii);^i<sts tli« tliitinin^ of N|ia*lti treoH on kli« 
 HtrttHt.M, MS a niitiiiiH III' lillttvintinK. ill *<oni«' iiiitaHiii-t<, tlin MiilTi'rinnH of tli*( 
 pour, ami \\<* rr^'anl tliis Hii^K''^tioii, also, as worthy of iiimu'diato att«>ii- 
 tiou. Tlit< siil1i)riiiK I'loiii till* |iirs('iit I'liul faminu <'aii Hcari-nly he over- 
 CNtiniatt>«l, yet there Is an iiiiineiiMe store of wood in some of the yardM — 
 Honiu of which has heen held for ytarn, and will likely be held for many 
 more." 
 
 
ItrstoRV OP MOMTRRAL. 
 
 <5rcat jfuncrale. 
 
 Hdim^ K>'t"it t'uiiHralN liHve beun houii in the HtruetH oC Montreal diirini; 
 tlio liiMt linlf of tliis rt'iitnry 
 
 Om<< lit' till* iiKist iiii|iiii't;iiit WHS timt of tlie flrnl AtiKlicnii DIhIiop of 
 I\loiitr«)Hl iii.il Moti'opolitaii of ( anaita. wIiono iinttty iriomiiiii'iit staiidH 
 in tlio ^ronnilMof ('liiist ('liiii'cli Catlitnlral. 'Iliu writer w«>il ntnieiuberH 
 tliH il.'tv, for it waM a hmn walk frrni the Catlu>ilral to Miniiit Iloyal 
 Ci'inetery. 'iliis rvrnt in tlxi'il in tlii' niiialM of tlu' old ("iertry of the 
 Dioci'si', now all VI', who attftmloii thu IniposinK ohn'iniieM. 
 
 AnothiT funiMiil, and perhapH one of the larj^est ever seen in Mon- 
 treal, waH that of Sir (SeorKe Cartier. His whole life wa** aroiuance, HIn 
 wife. Lady Cartier. was a ft;W dayn a^o. lonj? years after him, laid 
 to reNt. It was n national fnni'ral. at the expunMo of the Dominion, and 
 no man deserved it more People who saw or partieipated in the pro 
 cession will never forget it. 
 
 Another national fnneral was that of D'Arcy MeCJee. l-'oully mav- 
 dered as he was entering hiw house at Ottawa, after delivering one of the 
 most nuiKnilicent of his many speeches, it behoved the (iovernment to 
 Kive him a publii- funeral, and well it was r Tied oiit. The obseiiuies of 
 Mc'Gee were ^I'ltud. Thousands and thousands pasKed round his remains 
 in his house St. Catherine Street, which iind been dnu.ited to him by his 
 over open hearted countrymen. TassinK throu(i:h St. James Street the 
 sight was impressive and yet sorrowful. Scores of Prie«ts, Ministers 
 Judges, Advocate.s, Dootors, Notaries, Merchants, a dense long mass of 
 the wealth and influence, not only of Montreal, but Canada, walked 
 solemnly behind tlie remains of the distinguished orator and poet. Per- 
 haps the villany of liis death, by Fenian hands, had something to do 
 with the universal sympathy. Be that as it may, MeOee's public funeral, 
 and espeoially when it passed St, James Street and Place d'Armes will 
 be a thing ever to be remembered. 
 
 The funeral of General Wyndam has already been described. 
 
 When that good Archbisiiop Boura[et died, his obs. ies were one of 
 the most magnificent that ever were seen in Montseal, and the tremen- 
 dous crowds of onlookers and the lon^j procession, demonstrated the love 
 and affection of his people to the dead Prelate. 
 
 The funeral of Hackett liad a still more significant meaning than his 
 simple carrying to the tomb. Tliose who saw it can never forget the 
 
add 
 
 HISTORY OF Montreal. 
 
 long proceasion of OrauKemen from tlie Ottawa District, from the Hmi- 
 tiii^don District, and Eastern Townships, and it was a source of l^hanks- 
 giving that the day passed without bloodshed and murdei, as the minds 
 of ai»;u were high strunj^ on social, political nd other tensions. 
 
 The ♦^'uneral of (iuibord was an occasion which at one time was 
 thought to precipitate the city into internecine war, but the ability and 
 energy, and the pluck and suav'.ty of the then Mayor, (now Sir '.Villiam 
 Hingston,) at least prevented an outbreak, and the orders of tlie highest 
 C'ourt in tlie Empire were carried out without any rasii efforts of the 
 population. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 2W 
 
 FIRMS, Etc. 
 
 SPOKEN OF 
 
 - IN- 
 
 Other Parts of This Book 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 2fe 
 
 The METROPO LITAM^^ 
 
 . . ESTABLISHED 189a . . 
 
 Montreal's Live Weekly Society Journal. 
 
 WALDEMAR WALLACH, Proprietor. 
 •te •«# %*0 
 
 C'^ <'f^ <x»\> 
 
 Published every Saturday mornin.ir. Price five cents per copy, or 
 $2.00 per year to every part of Canada or the 
 
 United States. 
 
 SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 Social and Persoual News from the leading cities of the Dominion- 
 Music and the Drama, Sporting, Finance, Woman's Kealm, Literature' 
 Illustrations, etc., etc. ' 
 
 PUBLISHING OFFICE : 
 
 U2 St jftancots Javier Street, 
 
 The CHRONICLE 
 
 3n8urajrux mi> JFinance. 
 
 ESTABLISHED JAN. 1881 
 
 PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY. 
 
 At 181 St. James Street, Montreal. 
 
 R. WILSON SMITH, Proprietor. 
 
270 
 
 IIIHTOHY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 GEO. W. SADLER. 
 
 GEO. F. HA WORTH. 
 
 SADLER & HAWORTH 
 
 X'l:^ 
 
 mp 
 
 (Formerly Rob'n, Sadler & Hawoith) 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Oak Tanned . . . 
 Leather Belting 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 RUBBER AND COTTON BELTINfi 
 
 And Mill Supplies. 
 
 »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 
 5 1 1 William Street. 
 
 TORONTO; 
 
 9 Jordan Street. 
 
HISTORY ()F:monTREAL, 
 
 ORTH. 
 
 >irt 
 
 
 
 271 
 
 Nfi 
 
 . FRormoeie RatioR^Ie: . 
 
 E. GIROUX; Jr., . Proi.rietor. 
 
 *•!$• 
 
 ;et. 
 
 216 St. Lawrer^ce St. - MONTREAL 
 
272 
 
 HISTORY OP MONTREA 
 
 Queen's Hotel 
 
 "-^^^^v^^^?5^M'!3 ' 
 
 •. f 
 
 m 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 GoPDcr of Windsor iii\(i St. Jmuk's St*^* 
 
 THE ONLY FIRE PROOF HOTEL 
 
 ••• 
 
 IN THE CITY OF MONTREAL 
 
 ••• 
 
 . . STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS . . 
 
 C. & N. VALLEE, Proprietor. 
 
 CEO. D. FUCHS, Manager. 
 
HISTOIIY OK MONTKKAL 
 
 278 
 
 1 
 
 J. W. SHAW & CO 
 
 •♦-T«=:-EA:-i'"«"*' 
 
 •HI (|)US1G !M' 
 
 AND 
 
 ndSIGAL INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 Largest Piano and Music House in the Province 
 S' le Agency for 
 
 WEBER -:- GERHARD ~> HEINTZMAN 
 
 HAW p1aN0S_,^^ 
 
 Lowest PriceH, Pianos in liistaliuents. Pianos Tuned. 
 
 Pianos Repaired. Pianos Exchanired 
 
 SHAW'S PIANO AND MUSIC HOUSE 
 
 2274 St. Catherine Street. 
 
 AV ALTER PAUL 
 
 still keeps the Lead as a i arveyor of 
 
 -H 
 
 First class groceries 
 fruits and provisions 
 
 With all the extras in these lines that are to be got in any market 
 
 CORNER METCALFE & ST CATHERINE STS. 
 
274 
 
 IIISTOHY OF MONTItKAL 
 
 COPIPOVPIHI! PBEIiCIIIPTIOIIi!. 
 
 You Want us to be 
 Careful with yours. 
 
 Twd pwrsons it-ail twt'iy prt'scriiiiions si-nt to us, and 
 fli»^c-k t.liH ili'iiKa 1111*1 tln'ir \\('ij,'liiiij,' and nietiHuring to 
 prevent njiatakes. 
 
 YOU WANT PURE DRUGS 
 
 Wf art' alraiil to Ui'ep any other kind. We inako siirt> of 
 of tlif identity of I'vory (IriiK inni clicniical that we buy 
 and watch our stock constantly and see that none de- 
 teriorates. 
 
 YOU WANT LOW PRICES 
 
 After we have jjiven \ on pure druf^s and t;M efuhiess we 
 are just as earefid to he reasonable and cons ientious hi 
 our charges. VHY I'S. 
 
 2208 St Catherine Street, Oor. University. Branch : St Catherine St,, Oor. Guy, 
 
 ..COLIN CAMPBELL. 
 
 2267 St. Catherine Street, 
 
 (FORMERLY OF BEAVER HALL HILL.) 
 
 Qreenhou$es at Rockfield, near Lachine, 
 
MIHTOIJY OF MONTUKAL. 
 
 175 
 
 .THE COLONIA.L HOUSE.. 
 
 HENRY MORGAN <Sc CO. 
 
 Tills outt'i-priHo WHS establisliutl in 1 ■< I I li\ .Mi'ssrH. David Mmitli ami 
 Henry MorK'i", li Id');' Mr. Smith lutiitui, and Mr. James Mor^faii was 
 admitt.(Ml (a lirotiior i)t Mr ileiiry Morj^aUy, and at tli.tt tiini! coiiiiecti'd 
 with tht! wholtj'j.de dry k'""!^ hoii'^u ol" .Miiii'h(>ad ^si M()r>,'aii, in (<h\sif(iw, 
 Scotland. l'|i(Mi ids cntttiaiwu into partnor.shij). the prt-stMit siyli! <it" tlu' 
 Hriii was adopted and has ever continiU'd an honoialjle name' and a veri- 
 table trade luai'k to all jtiirihasers of reli.il)itj ilrv xoods, i-tc. The j)re- 
 sent (.'o partners are Mr. .lames Morgan and Colin 1). .Morj/an. They are 
 roiiOKni/od authorities in the trade, and brinj? to bear splondid busi- 
 ness qualiflcaticjiis Mr. James Mor.^an is the son of the late Mr. .lames 
 MorK'tn, and was born in (Jlas^'ow in If^lT, and Cinninfj: to Camnla in his 
 boyhood whh educated at the Montreal High School. Mr. Colin P. Mor- 
 gan was born at I'eol)les, Scotland, in l^hl; he was educated in London 
 Kngland and then became conncited witli the iiouse. The ostai)iishmcnt 
 was lor many years located at the corner of St .Jamo^^ Sireet and Vic- 
 toria Square, but the Ihin decided wisely tr> lead in tlie movement uj)- 
 town, and in liSOl completed the erection of tlu'ir jtresent magniticent 
 building on St. Catherine street, the finest bnilditiK in America ilevotcd 
 to the retail dry gouds business, It oost $i2").nO(i,' while the ;:;round cost 
 $U)ll,0()() additional. It is built entirely of imported red sandstone, and 
 is a remarkably handsome piece t)f anhitecture, four stories high, and 
 basement, in lieight. and HO feet by ^MO in dimensions. The fixtures are 
 all of California whitowood, producing a cha.ste and elegant elTcct. Tho 
 aj)pearance of tlic nuiin floor with its various j^departments and profuse 
 display of goods has no equal in Canada, and is fully up to any store in 
 New York. The arrangement of dej)ai'tments are as follows : 1st floor, 
 general dry goods, silks, sjitlns, dress fabrics in all the newest textines 
 shades and patterns, dress trimmings, ribbons, laces, gloves, flannels, 
 
 stationery, drugs in the most comprehensive assortment and all standard 
 proprietary remetlies, and toilet preparations. On tlie second floor are 
 mantles, suits, sewing niiii-l.'.nes, and optical and millinery de- 
 partments; hero also is tlie display of fine cliina, books and stationary. 
 On the tliird floor is tlie display of furniture, carpets, and ujiholestered 
 goods, while on the foiutli floor are the workrooms and 'dresMuaking 
 department. Here also is a iinning hall for the employees, of whon- 
 tliere is over IHO. This is the only dry goods house in the city having a 
 ladies waiting and recejition room, It is most richly fvu-nished and car- 
 peted, with immense mirrors set on the \\alls. Connectetl with it are 
 lavatories with mahogany fixtures, The firm's great enterprise in this 
 respect is duly appreciated by tht ladies of Montreal and vicinity. T.'ie 
 firm are diroct importers of staple and fancy dry goods from Prance, 
 Germany, Swit/erlaml, lOnglaiul, and Scotland. 
 
M 
 
 IllvroilV (>K MOVTUKA 
 
 T. A. GROTHE 
 
 . . . MANUFACTURER AND IMPOHKK 01 . 
 
 ."« 
 
 ",,• 
 
 >%!?' 
 
 Gold and Silver Watches 
 Clocks, Eye Glasses . . 
 
 AND 
 
 JEWEL'UERIES IN GENERAL 
 
 Socicti) Necklaces mib Oabgci^, vCompetition i)le5als. 
 
 Specialty: WEDDING R»NQS. 
 
 jAJi 
 
 95 and 951 St. Lawrence St. 
 
 TVYONTRET^L. 
 
irrsTOHY OK MONTKKAL. 
 
 in 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 C-J 
 
 1.. ij. B., r> D H. 
 Notre Dame Str>eet, 
 
 MONTREAL. Canada. 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 4 
 
 *- -.V 4 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 Li 12.8 12.5 
 lU Uii |2.2 
 
 Hf U£ 12.0 
 
 m 
 
 U III 1.6 
 
 
 ^. 
 
 72 
 
 v: 
 
 
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 y 
 
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 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 W EDWARD CAVANAGH CO. 
 
 I ' 
 
 Mr. Edward Cavauagh, head of the firm of The Edward CavanaRh 
 Company, is one of Montreal's most important and enterprising biisine$.9 
 men. He belongs to the ranks of Irish-Canadians who do honor to their 
 race, and in all his business carries with him a reputation second to none 
 in the city. Mr. Cavanagh was born in Hemraingford, in 1858. He re- 
 ceived his education in the Montreal College and then commenced his 
 business training, by spending four year in a large hardware establish- 
 ment. In 1881 he commenced commercial life for himself by opening 
 a store on Notre Dame street. One year later, he removed to his pre- 
 sent large premises on the corner of Notre Dame street, which are to- 
 day one of the largest, best equipped and stocked hardware and paint 
 stores in this city. The trade of the firm 1ms been pushed with such 
 vigor and judgment that now it embraces all of Eastern Canada and 
 Ontario. Mr. Cavanagli is a member oftheC. O. P, I.O.O.F., C MB.A., 
 National Alliance, A. O. U. W., and Kuiglits of Labor. 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 SS79 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN CANADA IN 1863. 
 
 Canadian Branch 
 
 Head Office Montreal. 
 
 LONDON AND LANCASHIRE 
 
 Assurance Company. 
 
 Low Rates. Absolute Security. Prompt Settlements. 
 
 B. HAL BROWN, 
 
 Manager. 
 
 J. L. KERR, 
 
 Assistant Manager. 
 
 -ANNUAL INCOME. SI. 316, 333: 
 
 L. J. A. SURVF.YER, 
 
 Hardware IDOcrehanlf, 
 No 6 St, Lawrencj Main St., • ffloNTi^BAii. 
 
 Builders' and House Furnishing HARDWaRK, Cutlery, 
 Tools, etc., etc. Lace Curtain Stretchers, Eclipse Door 
 SprinKs, and all NOVELTIES in the line. 
 
 BELL TELEPHONE 1914. 
 
 JAMES HARPER, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 Ttt Eeliiliniteil law's Saosages 
 
 2426 ST. LAWRENCE MARKET 
 
 •;- AND -:- 
 
 18 ST. PHILIP STREET, 
 
 MONTREAL-. 
 
^^^^ 
 
 280 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL 
 
 • •• ' 
 
 •i t r ■• 
 
 •** ; 
 
 .(2. 
 
 PHARMACIE PIOAULT. 
 
 3 
 
 JOSEPH CONTANT, 
 
 Pharmaeicn Qhimizliz 
 
 CROS ET DETAIL . . 
 
 1475 IKuc motrc E^amc, * MONTREAL. 
 
 RIENDEAU HOTEL 
 
 The Riendeau Hotel is centrally located at Nos. SS-CO Jacques Car- 
 tier Square. This popular jilace was ojienad in 188J) by Mr. Joseph 
 Riendeau, who is an ex))erienced hotel man. Mr. Riendeau was born in 
 Longueuil, and at one time was the proprietor of the Canada Hotel. He 
 afterwards opened a hotel on St. Gabriel street, know'n as the Riendeau 
 Hotel. His present hotel is a spacious four-storey and basement stone 
 building, 70 x 12.^ feet in size, and contains all modern improvements, 
 steam heat, electric lighis, call bells, elevator, telegraph and telephone 
 offices, barber's shop, baths.'etc.WTlie parlors are handsomely furnished 
 the dining room comfortably seats a'hundred guests, and is conducted on 
 the American and European plans,", thej|^ terms being only from $2,' to 
 $.'i.()0 per day. It has on its roof a pavilion from which guests can obtain 
 the fniest views of the river St. Lawrence. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 B. J. COGHLAN. 
 
 AN enterpriRH of f^reat importance; to the welfare of Montreal, and whose works 
 " are at Huchelaga, and are amonKflt the most extensive in the country, givvng 
 eniployinent to a (?ieat number of men, are those of B. J. Coghlan, E^q. His oflflci- 
 unci warehouse is situated at 'Ml St. Paul Street. Hh deals extenHively in all kinds 
 of railway supplies, haidwarc, iron, ste*-!, etc., and i-* the sole representative of the 
 following wall-known manufacturers in Oreat Britain : Mesarf. John Brown A Co., 
 Ltd., ShpfHold ; John Round & Son- Lul.. Sh«'meld ; Michael Hunter * Son, Shef- 
 field ; (ilasKow Iron and Steel t/'oriipany, Olasxow ; Payton & Co., Birmingham; 
 Birn.ingham Batteiy & Mntal Co., BirniinKham. He is also sole agent in Montreal 
 tor IhH celehrated WhitH Star Line of Ocean Greyhounds. Mr, Cou((hlan is a 
 riitive of thi county of Qalwiy, liclvnd, and received his education at Trinity Col- 
 lege, Duhlin. Ht' h is heen Justice i.* th^- Priace for over 20 years, a member of the 
 Board of Trade fi)r 27 years, and a Lifo (iovernor for both the Notre Dame and 
 Gen:^ral Hospital-", and is one of the oldest memherrt of the Montreal Hunt Club. 
 Mr. Coughlaii is one of our best known and most high'y respected cipz-^ns, con- 
 trib.iting largely to tliH development of the city by hin energy and the amount of 
 employment he affords in his Keneral bus-ioess. As Hector of Hochelaga for 21 
 years, 1 can say that his works in that new municipility ever were the means of 
 employing many frimilies living in the village, and giving emiiloyment to many 
 who contributed to build up what is now the H icbelaga Waru of Montreal. 
 
 EDWARD L. BOND 
 
 INSURANCE 
 
 Marine Accident 
 
 Fire 
 
 Plate Glass 
 
 CHIEF AGENT in Canada tor leading British, Continental and 
 
 American Ulticesi. 
 
 30 ST. FRANCOIS XAVIER STREET. 
 
 GERMAIN BEAULIEU ' 
 
 Hbvocate 
 
 ,,.,■. » 
 
 97 ST. JAMES STREET, - Banque du Ptuph Building 
 
 . . -ROOn^ 50 . . 
 
 , CHS. L. GERMAIN 
 Hbvocate 
 
 :tTo. lO I^TJE ST. J-j^CQ^CTES. 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL. 
 
 J. C. SPENCE & SONS, 
 
 37i Bleury Street. 
 
 This is one of the most succossful firms in Montreal, on^'affed in the 
 mannfaetnre of octlesiastital and domestic stained glass, chureh furnish - 
 ings, and decorations. '1 he business was founded in l:^.'i6 by the late .J, 
 C. Spence, who eventually admitted his sons, W. R. and II. .J. Spe ce 
 into partnersliip. .1. C. 8penc«' died in ISUl. The business occupies two 
 spacious floors 7.") x 8(1 feet in .irea, a «l the stock is the followinK 
 articles of altar fjiriiislunRs, very mtxierato in price, viz : — Ijrass flower 
 vases, brass alter desks, alms basins, i)lain and engraved, wax altar 
 lights, candlesticks, altar crosses, pocket communion sets, clialices, etc. 
 silk and linen fringes, stoles, altar linen, bnrses, etc. The firm make a 
 specialty of stained glass for churches, dwellings, and stores, in every 
 style of art; also leaden transom lights, and door lights in all grades, and 
 their trade extentis throughout the r'oininion. At the World's Fair, 
 Chicago, they were awarded a medal for their beautiful stained glass 
 windows. 
 
 Botli the sons were born in Montreal, and liave spent al! their lives 
 in this business. '1 liis is the oldest establishment of the kind in Mon- 
 treal. 
 
 GOLD MEDAL AWARDED. SILVER MEDAL AW RDED. 
 
 ii Gold and 3 Silver and B Bronze Medals and 17 
 Diplomas awarded for Superior Excellence 
 
 CHARLES QURD & Co. 
 
 ficlfast ©ingtr ^Ic anb ^cratcb toattrs, 
 
 .(ItOUm^EAh. 
 
 .LYON SILVERMAN.. 
 
 jflavorino Extracts, perfumcri? . 
 
 Sauces, Grocers' Sunbries,, &c. 
 
 And Proprietor Canadian Extract of Beef Co. 
 388 & 390 ST. PAUL STREET, 
 
HISTORY OP MONTREAL, 
 
 RONAYNE BROS. 
 
 No liouHt> in .Montrejil iMijoyna bettor rfputation than the boot and 
 shoe eHtablishnient of Meswrs. Ilonayne Brow., Chaboille/ S(|iiare. I'he 
 c'iti/.enn of Montreal ref»»r to this lioimn with pride as an evidence of vvliat 
 tile po.s.sibilitieH of the tra<le an* wiien ample ciipital and enter))riHe ar<! 
 alhed to enerj; y and imlustrv. TliiM l)n«iiu'Hs was foniided in \<>\i\ by tiie 
 father of the |)resent jiropiiet«iiN. Mr. Ed P. Ronayne haH been bronght 
 up in this bnsin8K!s and is fidly fijnvcrsant with itn i-ec|nirenients. Ihey 
 cHciipy four spacious adjoining: stores, whicli are fnrnisiied in an eleprant 
 manner. Tlie stofii is one of tlie most comprehensive in tli« city, inchi- 
 diiiK the Hnest lines of foreign and domestic boots and .shoes, HiipperH, 
 s|)ortin>j: slioes of all Isinds. and rubber shoes from f^e leading manufac- 
 tnreiH. Here can be obtained the hi'hest ^^rade of sli))pers. Oxfords, 
 ladies', misses' and children's footwear: also dainty French kid ball 
 slippers to stont shoes for men's and boys' wear. The business is both 
 wliolesale ami retail. Ten assistants an; employed, and Messrs. Ronayne 
 quote prices that «lefy competition, and their patronage is consequently 
 of a larpre and fashionable chaiacter Tiie partners are natives of Mont- 
 real, active inend)crs of tiie Hoard of Trade, and are lii^iily regarded for 
 their strict |)robity This house well merits tlie large measure of pop- 
 ularity it has for so many years eiijcjycd from the ])ublic. 
 
 o. 
 
 Municipal Debentures, Government and Provincial Bonds, 
 . Railway and other Investment Securities 
 
 BOUGHT. SOLD OR NEGOCIATED. 
 
 a WILSON -SMITH,; 
 
 FINANCIAL AGENT, 
 
 131 St. James Street, 
 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 INVESTMENT SECURITIES-Suitable for 
 
 Fanks, Trust Estates, Insu ance Companies, 
 
 Permanent Investment or Deposit >A^ith 
 
 Canadian Government. 
 
IM 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 . . (J}ofitre:eiI (I)®!! Paper ¥&Q{or^.. 
 
 COLIN McARTHUR <& CO. 
 
 1030 Notre Dame Street, - MONTREAL 
 
 P 
 
 Cut ok Huixtin* Flat. 
 
 REVIOIJS to th'' year 1878, CaniiilitiiiH w.'ie (iitupelled to depend u^on the 
 1 United States for wall paper of all kinds. Then the cnteiprisiDg firm of 
 Messri. Wat-^on & McArthiir f )unded an estahlivhinent in Montreal, known 
 as thfl "Montreal Wall Paper Fuctoiy." 
 
 Mr. McAnhur ii a native of QUsxovv, Scjtlan.i, where ha was bora in 1835. He 
 was educated at St. Enoch'x School in his native city, and was for itixteen years 
 associated with ths flriu of Wylie k Lioh'?ad, ^vall paper mtnufacturers. For a 
 Rool portion of thit time hi held th> pjU of m ln^g^^ in th ir edhahlisnni mt. He 
 WIS very frequently called lip >n to represent the Interests of the GUcgow house 
 in the United States and Canaia, h>couiing thus well acquainted with boRiaess 
 life on this side of the Atlantic, finally spvering his connection with Wylie & Loc- 
 head, and settling in Toronto, where he remained for xonr year«. In 1870 he re- 
 moved to Montreal, and eight years later became a partner in the Hrm already 
 alluded to. 
 
 .From its very commsncement the b isiaess was eminently successfjl. Mr. 
 McArthur had brought out from Scotlani "^killed lubDr, such at couk* not at that 
 time b :! obtained in thi'* country. In 18S4 the founders dissolved p^irtnership, and 
 the fi uinesi was thereafter conducted by Colin Mr Arthur & Co. 
 
 The old premises situated on Grey Nun Street, wera too small for the demands 
 of the rapidly increasing tr.ide, so a removal wa^ made in 1884 to the present loca- 
 tion at 16 Voltigenr Street. The building which was formerly occupied by Molson's 
 College, is a handsome four-story structnre, and is thoroughly equipped with all 
 modern appliances and machinery, as well as every other reqairemeot of this im- 
 portant trade. 
 
 It is needless to say thar Colin McArtluir, through their superior ability, enter- 
 prise and integrity, has retained the good will and respect of a constantly increas- 
 ing circle of patrons. 
 
 The Montreal Wall Paper Factory is an institution of which Montrealers may 
 justly feel proud. It, from the first, deserved t to succ>d, and it has enjoyed 
 success in no amall measure. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Balmoral 
 Hotel . . . 
 
 
 i|loNfITi^EAL, ©AN. 
 
 A. ARCH. VVEIrSfl, 
 
 PropHctop. 
 
 ' } 
 
 ->e-f 
 
 •J.ir~ 
 
 CONDUCTED on both' the A.nerican and 
 European plans. Palatial in appointment 
 yet home like. Elegant lofty Dining Hall. . ... ' 
 
 4 
 
 BALL ROOM 
 AND CAFE . . 
 
 ^ 
 
 t 
 
 Fine Cusine, under an experienced French 
 . Chef and personal suf)ervisi. .. Table d'Hote. 
 Free Busses meet all trains and boats. 
 
 TERMS- American Plan, $2.80 to $4.CO per day 
 European Plan $1.00 per day, " , 
 
28H 
 
 HI8T0KY OF MONTREAU 
 
 THE DOMINION OIL CLOTH GO. 
 
 ■;'4»-> 
 
 •<«^ 
 
 The oxteiiNive \vork>« of th«« noniliiidu Oil (loth Conipiiny on St. 
 ('Htlit;riiu) Hiul I'artlieiiais ntreots, Moiitrmil. represent ii Kmiliial niid 
 steady growtli, which has been the result of the exeelleiir-e of the K<^<'ds 
 ))ro(hieed and of K^xid l)usiness enK'i^'enient. '1 he eoriipany was formed 
 ill the year 187'2 iu a very small way as compared to the larjfe iireiuiNeH 
 they now occupy, which comprises six lar^e facttiries to^'etlier with a 
 very exteiiHive warelmuso. '1 lie works of the cmnpany turnout a Krcat 
 variety of goods to Huit all classes of <'ustomerH. In the tioor oil cloth 
 department are to be found a great selection of patterns, which are 
 made in all the various widths, from a stri|) of IS inches wide for stairs 
 to siioets of 12 feet for large rooms. In the liglit gooils section every de- 
 scription of table, shelf, si ur anl enamellec] carriage oil cloths are made, 
 all of which are acknowledged to be second to none made on the Con- 
 tinent. Ab«mt one hundred and twenty skilled workmen find constant 
 work in tlds factt)ry, wliile many others are employed in the various in- 
 dustries, which are in part .sup))orted by the company's wants, as the 
 large quantities of cotton goods, such as sheetings, drills and ducks used 
 l)y them are now all produced in the cotton mills of this country ; they 
 also use large quantities of varnish, linseed oil, brushes, dry colors, etc., 
 which are now made iu Canada. IJesides manufactiu'ing oil cloth, this 
 company make all their own paints, immense quantities of whicli are 
 used in making the various lines of oil clotli. They also manufacture 
 and supply the jobbing trade with the celebrated I). C). C. brands of pure 
 white lead paints and putty, which are known all over the Dominion. 
 The paid-up capital of the company is !t)..'U,i,U()U, a sum that has enabled 
 them to procure the most improved machinery and facilities for pro- 
 ducing sufficient goods in their lines to supi)ly the wants of the entire 
 Dominion, below prices of ten or flfleen years ago. This large invested 
 capital also shows that they are in a position to keep abreast of all im- 
 provements in the oil cloth business. Tlie officers of the company are : 
 President, Mr. Andrew Allan ; Vice-President, Mr. J. (). Gravel ; Treasurer 
 Mr. J. J. McGill ; Man. Director and Secretary. Mr. John Uaillie. 
 
 I have pleasure in recording the great advance of this company, 
 for as one connected with the East End of Montreal since 1865, I have 
 noticed its inception, gradual growth and absorption of all the pro- 
 perties which surrounded it. I can remember when it boasted alone of 
 
 the old stone building on Partlienais street in its earlier days and 1 can 
 remember over twenty years ago, visiting the factory. Now one loses 
 himself in its extensive buildings and can hardly believe that it is the 
 same concern. May it prosper, for it is one of these institutions 
 of native industry which deserves the hearty endorsation of every Cana- 
 dian, English or French J. D. B. 
 
HISTORY or MONTH K A K, 
 
 vn 
 
 id I can 
 ne loses 
 t is the 
 itutions 
 y Cana- 
 >. B. 
 
 RENAUD, KING & PATTERSON 
 
 ^ 
 
 '4i 
 
 yU}i: ytivu\Uiv<: niMl Mc(l<lli>ji 
 652 CRAIG STREET. - MONTREAL. 
 
 Proriiinent among the house'i of tMilNrpriMe and retinLMiiunt actively 
 enK»(fHil in the sale and nian(ifa(;tiii't' of tine and inediiini I'tirniluic and 
 bedding in tlie city of Montreal is that ol' Messrs. Kenand, King and 
 I'litterson, whose otlice and waieroonis are centrally sitnated at (i62 
 Craii.' Htreet. 'lids important and t-xtcnsive hnsiness was fonnded by 
 Mr. Wni King, who condncted it till I><S''. when Messrs. H(>naiid and 
 Catterson l)ecan)e partners, the llrm bcinK kntixvn us Uenand, Kin^f and 
 i'atterHon. The partners are thoronjthly practical and expert cabinet 
 makers and upholKterers. They occupy a hoKe I'onr story and basement 
 building, '.Ti x I.?!! I'uet in area, extending to Koi titication Lane, and three 
 floors of the adjoiidng warehouse, ilero they keep always a heavy 
 and choice stock of parlor, lilirary, hall, betlrnoin. dining room and 
 kitchen furnitiu-e -tlie parlor sidts being obtainable in all the latest 
 styles of upholstery- In rich upholstering, of Cancy and drawing-room 
 chairs, sofas, coudies, lounges, })ai lor suits, rockers, etc., we ha\e sel- 
 dom seen such a beautifid display, and the most fastidious can readily 
 be suited here. They also im))ort (irst-cla.ss iren bedsteads, Austrian 
 bentwof)d furniture, rattan g( Otis, etc , Hiul make to order, frtnu special 
 designs, cabinet work and flue upholstery, using all kinds of rich cabinet 
 woods, as mahogHuy, cherry, ebony, rosewood, French walnut, (piHrter- 
 ed oak, cocobala, bird's-eye maple, etc. I'heir line furniture is unsur- 
 passed for elegance, quality of material and work. 
 
 Hatters z^" Furriers 
 
 71 ST. LAWRENCE MAIN STREET, 
 TVTONTREML. 
 
HIHTOKV OF MONTHKAL. 
 
 THE 
 
 WIQHTMAN 
 SPORTING 
 GOCD5 CO. 
 
 ■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦I 
 
 TBIH Ih a prosperous concern and enjoys the reputation of handling, 
 only the bent goods and of dualiiiK honourably with its patrons. 
 They are manufacturers, importers and wholosale and retail dealers in 
 ttshing tackle, sportinj.r goods, fancy goods and sniallwaro. Their place 
 of business is at No. KW St. Paul Street, of which Mr. A, II. VVightmau is 
 sole proprietor. It is an old established House, its fotinilation dating 
 from 1803, when it was inaugurated by the tirnt of Ostell Sc Company. 
 To these, in 1887, succeeded that of Wightman, Ramsay & Company, 
 which was dissolved iu 188U, the present company becoming proprietors. 
 The premises occupied were for many years on Custom House Square, 
 but the business increased so much that it had to be removed. Here the 
 company utilizes an entire four-story building with basement, UO x 00 
 feet, which is fully stocked with the choicest assortuent of sporting goods 
 of all kinds to be found in the country. The house is recognized by our 
 leading sportsmen and athletes as the lieadquarters for obtaining every- 
 thing they may want in any of their line. Fishing tackle is a leading 
 speciality, and safety bicycles and lacrosses, and the trade is both whole- 
 sale and retail. The liouse is sales agent for the Goold Bicycle Co., of 
 Brantford, Out, also of th» celebrated goods of Spaulding Bros,, of New 
 York and Chicago. Mr. Wightman is a native of Toronto, and is ex- 
 tremely popular, especially with sportsmen. , 
 
place 
 tiuau iH 
 
 latiuK 
 111 pan}', 
 iiipauy. 
 iutors. 
 Square, 
 ere the 
 30 X 00 
 g RoodH 
 by o»ir 
 every- 
 leading 
 whole- 
 Co., of 
 jf New 
 ia ex- 
 
 .;^ 
 
 INDEX 
 
 TO. 
 
 ., .. 
 
 SKETCHES, REMARKS, Etc' " 
 
 Pack. 
 
 Mayor'n Dedication 7 
 
 Preface ....;. 
 
 MaiMoniuMive 11 
 
 Ijetter itf MaiMOimeuve 13 
 
 Letter of (Jenural Amherst 17 
 
 James Mu(jlill IH 
 
 Principal Citizens in ISOl 10 
 
 Battle of (Jhataiigiiay 20 
 
 Lighting of Montreal 21 
 
 W. W. Ogilvie 21 
 
 Beginning of Lacliine Canal 22 
 
 Incorporation of Montreal 22 
 
 Visit of the Anu'rican Asmo. Adv. of Scienco , 28 
 
 Death ot Sir (ioorge E. Cartier 25 
 
 (Juilmrd 25 
 
 Prince Arthur's Arrival 25 
 
 MarqiiiH of Lome and PrinceHs Louise 25 
 
 St. Laurence Channel 27 
 
 Growth of Montreal 2H 
 
 Notes 8ur I'llistoire de Montreal 30 
 
 List of .MayorH of Montreal 43 
 
 Sketch of Mayor H.Wilson Smith 45 
 
 " •' " 1{. Prefontaine 48 
 
 *• " Alderman Rainville 49 
 
 " " '• Beausoleil 40 
 
 " " Brunot 50 
 
 *' •' " (Jrotho 51 
 
 •' •* " Laporte 51 
 
 " Costigan 52 
 
 " " " Col. Stevenson 52 
 
 •' " " Archambault 54 
 
 " " " Savignac 54 
 
 " " " Dupr6 55 
 
 " " " Martineau 55 
 
 tss Li^.^a i i Brj 
 
VP 
 
 1 1 
 (( 
 II 
 
 <l 
 
 « 
 tl 
 
 Sketch of • L. O. David, City Clerk : 55 
 
 " " Col. HuKlies t 5? 
 
 " " J. O. A. Laforest 58 
 
 Coroner McMalion > 58 
 
 Chief Peteetive Cftri)enter ;.... 58 
 
 Chief Z. Benoit 59 
 
 J. E. Dorc 59 
 
 " •• E. (), CharapaRne 60 
 
 Public Square-J of Montreal 61 
 
 Sketch of Alderman Harper 65 
 
 " McBride 65 
 
 •• Sadler J 65 
 
 • " '• " Jacques Cq 
 
 " " " Kinsella , (0 
 
 •• •' •* Charpentier . 07 
 
 " " Recorder De Montigny 67 
 
 " " Percival St. George 68 
 
 " " J. Rouer Roy, Q.C OS 
 
 Notre Damp Street 71 
 
 Sir. J. M. LeMoyne 71 
 
 DolHer de Canon 71 
 
 Col. Ethan Allan 72 
 
 A Daring Deed 74 
 
 Capture of Montreal 74 
 
 'ihe First Steamboat of the St. Lawrence 75 
 
 Entrance of U. S General Hull etc., as Prisoners of War 79 
 
 Sunday 4th November, 1838 HO 
 
 Whipping I 86 
 
 First Instance of Felony 87 
 
 Burning in the Hand 87 
 
 The Pill'- 
 Bene' of 
 
 CriBL J . bles 64, 
 
 Governor 'ill6e 97 
 
 Bridges i lontreal 97 
 
 Chateau dt, ilaraezay 98 
 
 Champ de Mars 99 
 
 Congregation of Notre Dame 99 
 
 Coutants' ,. 102 
 
 Sheriff Thibaudeau 102 
 
 Hon. A. K. Turcotte 104 
 
 List ot Advocates in Montreal 1812 104 
 
 List of Notaries in Montreal 1812 104 
 
 List of Advocates 1837 104 
 
 L. J. Ethier, Q. C , 105 
 
 HenriSt. Pierre, Q. C 106 
 
 List of Legal Firms 106 
 
 'indStocks 1 88 
 
 Clergy 90 
 
Place d'Armes Square 100 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 72 
 74 
 74 
 75 
 79 
 HO 
 80 
 S7 
 87 
 88 
 90 
 64 
 97 
 97 
 98 
 99 
 99 
 ■102 
 
 104 
 104 
 
 [04 
 105 
 [06 
 L06 
 
 The Guardian " Pilote " 110 
 
 George III. BiiHt 110 
 
 The Parish Churcli 112 
 
 James O'Donnell 112 
 
 Imperial Buildings 112 
 
 Williaiii Workman 112 
 
 The First Canadian Bnuk 113 
 
 St. James Street 116 
 
 Tattersall's 117 
 
 Little St. James Street 117 
 
 The Star... 117 
 
 La Presse 117 
 
 La F'fttrie 117 
 
 Post Office IIH 
 
 Arthur Dausereau 118 
 
 St. 'La\vrenc;i,(Hall. lis 
 
 Henry Ilogan 118 
 
 Temple Building 120 
 
 Merchants' {Bank 120 
 
 George Hague 120 
 
 Mechanic's Institute 120 
 
 Charles Alexander 128 
 
 Richard, Hemsley 123 
 
 Victoria Square I2J 
 
 Old St. Patrick's Hall 123 
 
 St. Paul and Commissioners Streets 128 
 
 Bonsecour Market 129 
 
 The Custom's House 129 
 
 Allan's Offices 129 
 
 Place Koyale 120 
 
 La Croix Rouge 129 
 
 Bonsecours Church 131 
 
 Maisonneuve's House 183 
 
 UnderlMoutreal 133 
 
 Chief jWholesale Merchants in'l 816 133 
 
 Present " 1^88 134 
 
 St Francois Xavier Street 1S4 
 
 St. Gabriel Street 136 
 
 St. Joseph Street 136 
 
 St. "Sacrament and Hospital Streets 136 
 
 St. John Street 137 
 
 ■*!l5BS9JlMl5j|T'" 
 
 iirt^-^;v^-- «-.-—,-> 
 
^ 
 
 Boortl of Trade Building 187 
 
 McGill Street i;i7 
 
 Merelmnts* SKU'ks in 178(1 139 
 
 The (Jrey Nunnery 181) 
 
 Parliament Huildin^s Hurned 141 
 
 Craig Street 143 
 
 M.S. Railway 144 
 
 The Wil>son Hlock 144 
 
 Garth's Estalilinliment 144 
 
 Capuda Paper Comjjany 144 
 
 J. C. Wilson & Co 146 
 
 The Gazette 146 
 
 The Herald ' 146 
 
 The Witness 146 
 
 C. P. K. Station, Craig Street Hi) 
 
 St. Antoine Street 141) 
 
 liiehmond Sciuare 145) 
 
 St. Denis Street 149 
 
 La val U n i vcrsi ty 151 — 2 
 
 Chen ier Street 151 
 
 Prince Artluir Street 151 
 
 Viotoria Jlospital 152 
 
 Drolet Street 152 
 
 St. Lawrence Main Street 15-j 
 
 Supveyer & Co 154 
 
 I^rge & Co , 154 
 
 Alderman Grotht; 154 
 
 Musee Eden 154 
 
 Bleury Street 156 
 
 J, G. Spence & Sou 166 
 
 Cha. Gurd & Co 158 
 
 Ctinuingham Bros 16» 
 
 St. Patrick's Church 158 
 
 Origin of Vitre Street 158 
 
 Rev. Ed. Wood 169 
 
 Hotel Dieu... 169 
 
 Beaver Hall Hill 160 
 
 St. Andrew's Church 160 
 
 State Dinner by Prince Arthur 160 
 
 Stoiy of St. Andrew's Church Organ 161 
 
 Alfred Joyce 161 
 
59 
 
 60 
 60 
 60 
 
 61 
 )1 
 
 Dorchester Street..... #...' i.t....V.i!i..' 
 
 (jreneral Hospital 
 
 Old High School of MlGiII 
 
 G. W.Stei)hon8 ......... 
 
 St. Pauls Church '.....:.. 
 
 Knox Church ....... 
 
 Lord Strathcoua and Mount lloyal 
 
 Groy Nuns ..,., 
 
 Y- W. C. Association 
 
 American Presbyterian Church .[■.iiJ 
 
 Ivev. Dr, McKay ....'.> 
 
 The Church Home '....J 
 
 William Street, etc 
 
 Principal Streets near William 
 
 Street Names 
 
 St. Stephens — Archdeacon Evans. 
 
 Lachine Canal 
 
 The Grand Trunk Railway 
 
 Opening of the Victoria Ikidge.... 
 
 Rev. Dr. Ker , 
 
 Verdun 
 
 162 
 
 10? 
 162 
 166 
 102 
 162 
 16& 
 1415 
 
 '196i 
 
 lit- 
 16a 
 
 jj. 
 
 .Tohn Crawford 
 
 Cote St. Paul 
 
 St. Cuneyonde 
 
 St. Henri , 
 
 St. Catherine Street . 
 
 Plateau Academy 
 
 P. S. Murphy 
 
 Dr. Robert Campbell. 
 
 Morgan's Store. 
 
 Birk's Store 
 
 The Veterinary College 
 
 Natural History Museum i..., 
 
 Lewis' Store 
 
 Shaw's Store ^.i..4. 
 
 John Murphy .:.»*„*, 
 
 C. Campbell's Store 
 
 Hamilton 8 " 
 
 Ogilvie's " , 
 
 Walter Paul's " 
 
 Evangelistic Rooms , 
 
 The High School ., 
 
 The Synigogue 
 
 The Glen 
 
 168 
 170 
 
 m 
 
 IttiJ' 
 
 m 
 
 17*' 
 
 m 
 m' 
 
 1781' 
 
 isof 
 im 
 
 18<K 
 
 184J. 
 
 1&6 > 
 
 IS6. 
 
 Mi 
 ia7> 
 
 1^9 
 
 ■•■■WSMetUKtt.!-*?''' 
 
Pominion Square \...i..!..... 190 
 
 St» James' Cathedral 190 
 
 The Wiudsor 198 
 
 Y.M. 0. Association 198 
 
 Mr. Budjifo 198 
 
 The Probident, Mr. Ames 198 
 
 St. George's Church 194 
 
 The C. r. R. Station, History of the C. P. R. Railway 194 
 
 Montreal's Public Monuments 196 
 
 St. Jude's Church 197 
 
 Sherbrooke Street 200 
 
 Jacques Cartier Normal School 200 
 
 L'Abbe Verreau 200 
 
 Dr, Robins 200 
 
 Mount St. Louis College 202 
 
 The Good Shepherd 202 
 
 thfe Old Zoological Gardens 202 
 
 The Diocesan College 204 
 
 A. F. Gault 204 
 
 M:c»Gill University 208 
 
 The Morrice Hall 208 
 
 Th« McTavish House Story 210 
 
 Th6 Sherbrooke 91i 
 
 The Colltge of the Seminary 224 
 
 The Towers by Mrs. Leprohon 226 
 
 Lefort des Messieurs 227 
 
 Ofher Streets 280 
 
 Thd Street Tablet* 233 
 
 New Aldermen and Others 239 
 
 AldermaaAmes 239 
 
 Ahierman Ekers , 239 
 
 i^Merman Gagnon 240 
 
 J4Wie8 Cochrane - 240 
 
 JV<3. Archambeault, Q. C 241 
 
 Signs and Signboards of Montreal 243 
 
 Pkintasmagoria of Citizens' names 250 
 
 Concluding Remarks 265 
 
 Eifucational Centenary 267 
 
 Sb'ene in Craig and Camp de Mars 258 
 
 Bttfial bf the last soldier in Montreal 261 
 
 S&city of Firewood in 1872 263 
 
 Gi^eat Funerals 265 
 
190 
 198 
 
 198 
 198 
 198 
 194 
 194 
 196 
 197 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 200 
 
 202 
 
 202 
 
 202 
 
 204 
 
 204 
 
 208 
 
 208 
 
 210 
 
 "214. 
 
 224 
 
 226 
 
 227 
 
 230 
 283 
 239 
 239 
 239 
 240 
 240 
 241 
 243 
 250 
 266 
 267 
 268 
 201 
 263 
 265 
 
 • 1, . ^'^r<iuuH 
 
 i-r> 
 
 INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS/^^''J 
 
 
 
 
 Plan of Montreal — Viprnette. 
 
 Mayor R. Wilson Smith v 
 
 Letter of Maisonneuve li*. .!.'.'!.' *\\ 
 
 Letter of (innoral Amherst 17 
 
 Victoria Bridfl;e 
 
 Lachine ('. P. H. Hridf^e 
 
 View of Place d'Armes 
 
 View of St.. Helen's Island .J..'....'.; 31 
 
 Bonsecours Church, 1057 .' l84 
 
 Ville Marie Convent .'.89 
 
 Bon of Louis XIV y.,::J:^^'\ 
 
 City Hall '.......... J^ 
 
 Jacques Viger -Ist Mayor ...../'"4S 
 
 Uavmoud Prefontane '... " '47 
 
 Victoria Square ' 53 
 
 Viper Square .V ' '!5^ 
 
 St.. Louis Square i.....^.'..' ''$6 
 
 Mount Royal Park ..,..*'^ iBl 
 
 Madame Mance .' 8^ 
 
 Maisonueuve Signing Papers '.....'.'.:!.'• 'fZ 
 
 Notre Dame Street ■...i...l'J' ^g 
 
 Notaries' Autographs .V..!..',,.,^ 
 
 Sun Insurance Building ''.'..""m' 
 
 Jacques Cartier discovering Canada .;, ..' tii 
 
 Palmer's Store f;^ ;;.::! ""fir 
 
 Palmer's Store. No., i '?.. .t'^..."% 
 
 Molson's College 
 
 Montreal Harbor -East ^ 
 
 Maisonneuve Monument ',.V.".'.y;., Iflif 
 
 Plate under the Monument ?..... '^f. I lofe 
 
 Imperial Building V., 11 
 
 Bank of Montreal and Post Office 
 
 New york Life Insurance Building ^...\r.?.''Ui 
 
 No., i C!. 
 
 l"" 
 
 
 Mi- 
 
 by 
 
 St. Lawrence Hall .»-.' .i...,' ilfl 
 
 Temple Building ;..-.-... 121 
 
 Merchants' Bank : : !?:!:±::'m 
 
 Charles Alexander and Store .1.....'.!^ Y24 
 
 Molson's Bank • 'l.^^^:}^\^ 
 
 R. Hemsleys' Store .??....."..'. Wfi 
 
 G. T. R, Station •• 127 
 
iip 
 
 ifi 
 
 ft! 
 
 Bonesecour'g Church, front 182 
 
 Chateau de Ramezay 185 
 
 The Residence. 1050 188 
 
 The Harbor of Montreal 140 
 
 Death of Montcalm 145 
 
 The- Witness" Hullding 147 
 
 C. P. R Station, Craipr Street 148 
 
 Entrance to St. Denis Street 150 
 
 Entrance to St. Lawrence Street 153 
 
 National Monument 155 
 
 Sponce's Worlc at Lennoxville 157 
 
 Montreal General Hospital 183 
 
 Montreal General Hospital Anibulnnces 104 
 
 Belmont School 1Q7 
 
 St. Stephen's Church IflO 
 
 Victoria Bridge, x'nd View I74 
 
 Sarsfield School 17g 
 
 Plateau Aculemy , I79 
 
 &t James' Methodist Church Ij^j 
 
 Morgan's Store IS3 
 
 J^irks' Store 185 
 
 .Walter Paul's Store 186 
 
 Jewish Synagogue 188 
 
 Dominion Square 191 
 
 T. M. C. Association Building 192 
 
 C, P. Railway, Windsor Station jgg 
 
 St. Jude's Church 198 
 
 Jacques Cartier Normal School 201 
 
 The Diocesan College 203 
 
 McGill College, Entrance Gate 205 
 
 McGIll University 206 
 
 Presbyterian College 
 
 The Reservoir 
 
 Victoria Hospital 
 
 Mount St. Louis College 
 
 R. Wilson Smith's Residence 
 
 ^.F. Gault's Residence 
 
 Senator Drummond's Residence 
 
 NV^Qlferstan Thoma's Residance 
 
 J; Baxter's Residence 
 
 Lord Strathcona's Residence 
 
 W, W. Ogilvie's Residence 
 
 J^Uies Linton's Residence 
 
 TJ^B Towers 
 
 Dr. Brodeur's Residence 
 
 High School, Kindergarten 
 
 207 
 209 
 211 
 213 
 215 
 216 
 217 
 218 
 219 
 220 
 221 
 222 
 226 
 229 
 231 
 
mtm 
 
 ... 182 
 
 .... 188 
 .... 188 
 .... 140 
 .... 145 
 ... 147 
 .... 148 
 ... 160 
 ... 15.3 
 
 ... 155 
 ... 137 
 ... 163 
 .. UH 
 .. 107 
 .. 160 
 .. 174 
 .. 176 
 .. 179 
 .. 181 
 .. 183 
 .. 185 
 .. 186 
 . 188 
 . 191 
 . 192 
 . 195 
 • 198 
 . 201 
 . 20,S 
 
 205 
 
 206 
 
 207 
 . 209 
 
 211 
 
 213 
 
 215 
 216 
 
 217 
 218 
 219 
 220 
 221 
 222 
 225 
 229 
 231