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HISTORY OF iMONTREAL

INCLUDING

The Streets of Montreal.

"fEhcip Origin and Hiztorg.

ILLLSTRATED

IJV

REV. J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK, LL.D..— F.C.C.S.

AUTHOR OF

« Antnnomasias of History and Geography ^'-'■' Cyclopedia of Hisiorv and Geoc,raphy,"—" Th*

■ British American Reader,"-'^ The Harp of Canaan,"-'' Battles of the World;'-'' Every

Man's Mine of Useful A'no-.^'ledge:'-" Elementary Geography of Canada;'-" Hisiorv

of Scottish Song;'— '' Montreal, Its History and Biographical Alhnm;'—" The

Tourist's Guide to the Waterfalls of Canada;'--^' Borthioick Castle;'—" History

of the Montreal Prison;'-'^ History of Cyprus:'-^' Hisiorv of India;'-" Summer

Rambles in Scotland and England in 1888 ," _ '• The Commercial Register;'—

''Biographical Gazetteer of Montreal;' — " History of Old Nova-Scotia .Jy." '

"CONCOHL>IA SALUS

MONTRKAL 1897.

PUBLISHED BY

D. GALLAGHER

AMD PRINTBD BY |

FULTON & RICHARDS.

MONTREAL.

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HIS HONOR R. WILSON-SMITH, EB«i.

MAYOR OF MONTKKA1-.

DEDICATION

To His Honor R. Wilson-Smitii, EK(i.,

Mayiir of Montnal.

I am very nnu-li ))ltmse(l to be able to dmlicato tliis iinpoitaut work,
on the •' History of Montreitl ami '1 lu^ Origin and History of Uh Streets
with the Old Signs an<l Signboards," to you as the l-'inil Citizen ai our
Metropolitiual City.

Your |)oisition fully demonstrates th:it tlie Citizens of Montreal liad
swell confidence in your abilities that they intrusted to your keeping, the
liigliest gift in their power to bestow, and your many acts of a public
nature and felicitous replies therein, fully boar out, that it was not
misjilaced— whilst your numerous deeds of charity to "all sorts and
conditions of men "—as clearly show, that a generous and sympathetic
heart beatb under a true and luyal Irish breast.

May Providence spare you for years to come, so that higher ofHee.s,
social and political, may yet be yours, still you will always have the
satisfaction, that whilst you were Mayor of Montreal, thousands of your
fellow Citizens appreciated the good you have done to the community at
large, in tlie advance of our grand Metropolis anil the proud recollection
that you were one of the most successful of her many Mayors who have
worn the " Mayor's ("bain."

J. DOUGLAS BORTHWICK,

LL. D and F. C. C. S.

Montreal, December, 1897.

PREFACE.

Many liisturieH nnd paiiiphlutH Imve in the past, beon published on
Montreal.

This one is dilYerent from tiuun all in the arrangement and immense
amount of new hintorical matter \\ hii'h in placud, not in a continuous
history, but in that of the different Htreets, where the evontH occurred ;
and it in illustrated bj* a larger number of govornmental, civic andotlier
buildings as found therein than in any other work ever published.

Another feature is tliat part of it is printed in the Prencli
language— especially the Notes on Montreal —written for an earlier
work of the Author's by a very distinguished member of the Seminary
of St. Sulpice He is now dead, but none who knew him, his kind char-
acter and heart, his simple, winning ways and deptii of learning — but
love<l him.

There are found, too, in this volume nuiuy items of useful
information and curious things, which I have alone the iionor of having
made public — and that by many weary montlis of research in the
records ami documents of the Court House and Jail of Montreal.

Added to all this — an interesting article will be found on the "Old
Signs and Signboards of Montreal " — up to the date when the Civio
Order went into force — that noue should hencaforth portrude into the
streets.

Rare and interesting material has also been added in the history of
certain streets. Our well-known citizen, P. S. Murphy, Esq., has been
most energetic in procuring some of these scenes and liistorical dates.
Two from his own pen are peculiarly acceptable viz: — "The Red Cross "
and " The McTavish House." To him 1 am under deep obligation for his
kindness and help in the work, procuring for me >>uch papers and plana
that no one else could get — thus rendering this volume the best of Old
and Modern Montreal, which has ever issued from the Press of this
City.

The Diamond Jubilee History of the Queen's Reign has been written
by many writers, both here and in Great Kritain. This volume will add
to the number and will show the wonderful strides which our City has
made since the Queen ascended the Throne in 18S7. It will also tell

■■"WM" - '-■•^-"

of HVentM now iilitiOMt unknown or forRotU^n, and of tliu yuiirn which
prm-tMlud hvr AM-ePMion even to the fonndntion <if Montntal.

To tho Iloiionil)!** Judifo I'nKniMilo, I tt'ndnr my hoarty thankH, who
haN pltirud all the r'UtN of tlie MaiNonnuuvu Moiiiununt Memorial at my
diHpoHal, by wliifh the work iH ho well iiinNtrated at that particular
occaNJoii.

To till* (ifliriiilH of tliH (irand Trunk and ('antulian I'HclfIr nailwHyH
I am under dut-p nbliKiitionH. lot- their tine Hupplies of cut-', enid)liuR me
Id K^ve to the pnl)li(', heautiful -wh of Hornu of Moutrenl's nio^t interest-
inu Hceiu^ry. iMnt, Imt l>y no . huh tln« leaHt, nuiny thankn are due to
r.iir Worthy Miiyor, K. WjIsonSinitii, Knq., for hin kindneiHH at the
coniniuncement of Ki-ttin^; up tint work.

I Hincerely hope that tint rending of the book will atTord nt much
real pleaniu-e to tlie t^oneral pulilieas it hii>« ^iven me, in tlie preparation
of its pti^es and that its records will, in tlie future, be tlie ineauH of
making clear, many disputed (loiiits, rcspe<'tiuK the location, history and
origin of many of the old habitat ions and , iil>lic buikliuKs of Uld
M(mt"eHl

J. DOLiJLAS IJOKTHWICK, L.LI).

MoNTUiOAi,, December 1807.

>Istoi^9 of fp.on(TG:ar.

My tlic fiisl nii'^'^ioiuiiii-. sriit out tn ('mikhIii from I'^-.tncc, il \\(i< snoii
l)('l'ct!i\('(l, (Ii;i( (lit! occujiat ifiii ol" tin' (sl.iiul of Moiilii'fil wns ;iii ohjcct
of (lie >j:r(')itrst iiniiorlaiK c, if llic i'lciicli wi^licd (o ictMiii aiitli(iiit_\ in
tlio Isi/md ; but "Tlif Ci)in]iiuiy " in I'laiicc A\ cio unwilling ••> ^^I'lt'iirl
tlicir viuws in this rt'spcct. It fill, tlicrcloi c, to tin- lot of soiiu; j)rivat(!
iiiflivirliiiils to acc'oirijilisli this tli'sin;ii. Scviral pci-^oiis foiiiK «1 tliciii-
selvf.s into a Socii-ty, for (lu- ))nr|)oso of coloni/.in^,' tlio iNJiMul. 'J'ho
grenttT j)ai t of the Island liad been granted to Messrs. Cliai-rinr and Lv
Itoyur, wlictlicr disjxist'd of by tlirni or forfeited to the(/'ro\VM does not
R))|)ear from any onieiai lecord that has been preserved. Tlie king,
liOMover, cedc!il the whole of it, in Kill, to this Soeiety. mIio took
forinal possession of it. TIh; follow ing year M, de .MaisoniUMive, one of
tho As.«iociatf's, brought out several families fioni !• ranee, and was
apjiointed Governor of the Island. 'J'he eeremon\ of the fonndmg of
Montreal was eelel)rated on the ISlli of August 1(112. a nundier of
Freneli and Indians were i)iesent, and nothing was omitted which could
give to the natives a lofty iile.a of the (Ihristian IJeligion. Tiius a '• lew
Imuses." as J5()uchette observes, '• built elo'-e togetliei- in the yeai' 10 1;'
on the sit(( of tlu- liuliau ^ iUage of llochelaga, was the eonnnetuenu-nt of
tlie City of Monti'eal, or, as it was first nanu-d, "Mile Marie." I'arkinan,
tho Historian, thus sjitaks of this interesting event:

" Maisoniu'iive sjirang ashore and fell on his knees. His followers
imitated liis cxan)))le; and al! joined tluir voices in enthu-^iastic songs of
thanksgiving. Tents, baggage, arms and stort's, were landed. An altar
was raised on a jjleasant spot near the landing and .Ma(lenu)sclle Manee,
with Madame de la I'eltrie, aided by her servant, (h.irlotte Harre,
decorated it with a taste wliieh was the admiration of the behoUlers.
Now nil the eom))any gatiH'red befiui' the Siuine. Here stood N'imont
in tlic rich vestments of his olVue. Here weri' the two ladies with their
servant; Montmagny and ."Nlaisonneuve. a wailike liguro, en-et aiel
tall — his men elusti'iing around him. They kneeled in reverent silence as
'J "he Host was i.iised aloft: and w lu-n tlu' rite was over, the priest tuiued
and addressed them : " ^'ou are a grain of mustard seed that shall ri,->e
and grow till its 1 .ane! es o\ershadow (he earlh. You are few, but this
Work is the work o T (Jod. His smile is on you, and your ehildien shall
fill the land."

//-

iiisi'onY 01' iMoxi iii;ai,

t-.Z:~-.-s--- —

or llii' (i udi (>r tlii'i j;()(i(l iiiaii'^ |ii(iitli('i'\ . wf. Ii\ in;,' L'Ctll ycMi's nl'd-r-
ward'.. li;i'(! fiii !ilpiiiiil:iii( iiriuif. 'Ilic sin ill iim-l.inl seed, li;is iiidi'cd
l)('ci)iiu> M f;r(';,( tici', and (lie variini-^ nations ol' t lie Old NN OiM liavo
|odj,'(Hl and arc lodjonj^ in tin- Inaiulirs (Imii'oi'.

" 'l'lu> aricnuKin waned: llu'siin sanlv licjiind (lie \v("<t('in forrsl. and
t\\ iliglit canic im. i-'iri'llics wiMi- twinkling' over (lie dai'kcncd meadow.
Tlioy canKliI t lieni. 1 led (luni w i(!i (lucads into sliinin;,' IVsioons and
liiing (lieni Ijelore tin- allar. I lien tlie_\' pKelied (iieir len(s, li edited tlieir
/ires, stationed tlioir k"!"'^''. "'>'"' '"y <1<)\\ n (o rest,, Sudi was tlio
biilliniglit ol" Montreal."

Aiiollier writer, Sandliani says thns: — "Tlio following inornint,' tliey
proceeded to form llieir tMieanipment— tlio first tree beiiij; felled by
ISlaisonnenve. 'lliey wi>rUed Avitli sueli energy tliat, by tlio evening,
they had ereeted a strong pali-ade, and li.id covered tlioir altar witli a
roof made of baik. On llie evening of this memorablo day, Rlaisonnonvo
visit(!d the jMonntain. Tiie tud)onndod trad that, opened itself to liis
view discovered to liim dark, thick, anddeej) forests, Avliose lieiglit alone
was a proof of their antiqnity. ]/\rge rivers came d<jwn from a
considerable distance to water tliesc immense regions. Everytliing
Rj)pea)ed giand. Natnre liero displayed great Jnxurianey."

"It Avas some considi-rable time after tlnsir arrival before their
encjnies, the Indians, were made aware of it, and they im])roved the time
by building substantial houses and in strengthening tlieir fortific.itions.
In tliis Avay they ])asscd the summer, all seemed bright, wlien in the
month of Sei)tendjer the l^iver St. J^aw rence loso raj>ldly and threatened
to destroj' the result of tlieir toil. The flood rose until it filled the
fort and ditch and reached the foot of their fortifications ; but it than
receded slowly and they were^afe."

" AVliile the water w as rising, Maisonneiive made a vow that, should
tlie danger be averted, lie would cause across tobomadt;, and would
bear the same uj)on liis shoulders and fix it on tlie top of tlie inountaiiu
He now )jrocced(!d to fulfil liis vow, and in January, 1613, he set liis men
to work to clear a road uj) to the mountain. When this was coiniileted,
they formed a jtrocession, headed by one of tlie Jesuits, and followed by
Maisonneuvo " beai-ing a cross so heavy tliat he could scarcely asct-nd the
mountain," When tJiey arri\ed at th(! highest crest of the mountain, tljo
cro.s.s Wft.s ei-eeted, and all knelt to worship before it."

Tlie Indians were continually a sourec of great trouble, anviety and
danger to tluise early settlers.

In the yiiar H)l 1, the whole Island became the jiroperty of the St.
Suljiicians at I'aris, and was by tliem afterw ards conveyed to the
Seminary at Montreal, in w Iio-e jiossessitni nnieli of it still remains.

Tlie I/ichiiio massacre took jilace in the year KiCn). 'J'lie Indians
buriu-d v'OO jiersons and as jnan^' more weie reserved by them for a
future fate.

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MMR

HISTORY OF MONTREAL,

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LETTER OF MAISONNEUVE.

HISTORY OF MONTRKAIi,

To aveiifjre tho iimHHacre of I.ncliiue in 10U.'{ Fronteiiac started from
Montreal, .Inly, KllK!. witli lOOd men. Eml)arkiiiK at LaeliinP, he ))aNNed
a c't)iiHi<U>rable way into their country, but met no reHistanee. The ex-
pedition \\n of little value or residt, the Indians having; retired before
him. lie shortly afterwards retnrned to Montreal and tiled at Quebec.

In the year 171(1, Montreal was n^ain in danger, as (ieneral Nicolson,
the Ih'itish C»)minaii(ler in tiie Knglisli Colonies, |)repared then to move
on it with a force of 1,IMMI I'rovincials and (iOD Indians, This expedition
failed and Montreal was saved.

The year 1750 will ever be memorable in the annalsot Canada. The
French, perceiving that the English were in earnest in their designs npor
it, sent sti'ong reinforcements to their garrisons. Tho campaign open»',i
with great vigor. Canada was to be invaded at three dilfcrent points
under generals ol great talent. The forces intended to act against
Quebec were under the command of General Wt)lfe, who liad taken Fort
Louisbiu'g and subdued tlie Island of Cape Breton the preceding year.
Wolfe's army, amounting to about 8('UU men, was conveyed to the
vicinity of Quebec by a fleet of vessels of war and transports, commanded
by Admiral Saunders, and landed in two divisions on the Isle of Orleans,
the ..'7th of .lune.

The battle on the I'lains of Abraham wa" fonglit on tiie 13th of
September, 175U; and five days afterwards, on the LHtli, Quebec
surrendered.

Fighting continued more or less for several months till in the follow-
ing year hostilities finished by tho .surrender of ^lontreal. By the terms
of this capitulation, signed both by (Jenerals Amherst and de V^audreuil,
protection was promised to the inhabitants. The free use of their
Religion, Laws and Language was guaranteed them. During the
interval between the caintulation of Montreal and its receiving warrant
to hold Quarter Sessions, that is. from tlie fall of Montreal in 17*5U to
1701, Canada was held in occupation by the British troops.

In October of 17fl.'5, an important proclamation was issued in the name
of "George III, King of England " ; oflicers and men in it AVere offered
free grants of land in Canada, and " all persons resorting to the said
colonies miglit confide in His Majesty's royal protection for enjoying the
benefit of the laws of England." More than IKO Protestants of British
origin now became residents in Canada — the French population of the
provineei bt^gg a little over 75.0110. In November, 1703, the military form
of Government was bronglit to an end by the appointment of General
Murray to the tjflice of Governor-General. His instructions were as far
as possible to introduce the laws of England. Another thing required
was tliat the inhabitants should comply with these conditions, viz. :
"To take the oath of allegiance, to make a declaration of abjuration and
to give up all arms in their pos.session." It was found impossible to
procure compliance with these orders, and the General modified them

HISTORY OF MONTIIKAL.

as much as poHsible The oath of abjurntiun couhl not be taken by the
Rnuiaii Catholics, as it involved a fumhunental ))rinci|)le of their
Religion, and therefore no lloiuan Catholic was sworn in as Justice of
tliei'eace; that about rirnis was extremely (Ustastcful ; whilst that of
alle^'ianee to the Englisli throne was taken readily nnd cheerl'ully. It
took a little over a j'ear to repulate all these matters, and on the lltli of
January, 1704, letters patent under the Creat Seal of the Province were
executed and sent to Moses lla/.en, J. (u'ant, John Howe, Francis McKay,
Tliomas Lamb, F. Knife, John Hiirke, 1 homas Walker and otliers, making
them .Justices of the Peace of Montreal ami vicinity. Araonp these names
are two Krcuich names who were Swiss I'rt)testants and liad come to the
country. Hence arose the saying of a Frencli Protestant being " a Swiss."
The first general Quarter Se-Jsions of the Peace were held on the "-.'Tth
Decemljcr, 1701, and " tliere were present Moses lli/.en, J. Dumas, F.
Mackay, Thomas Lamb and Francis Knife, and the (!ourt adjourned to
Jamiary, 1705.

Among the first regulations of this period is that of the bakers, in
which the wiiite loaf is called " a brick," and sold at H L'o))pets of 4 lbs.
woiglit and the brown of lbs, at 10 coppers. Another shows that there
were slaves in Montreal in those days, who were Viought and sold like
other merchandise. The rule was, "No tavern, ale house or inkeeper do
receive, harbor or entertain any bond or servant slave or slaves, drinking,
gaming or loitering in their houses, under a penalty of £5."

When the establishment of English rule was perfected by the Treaty
of Paris, in Febr lary, 1701, then a strong tide of emigration set in
towards Canada, and in the persons who arrived the ba<l was mixed
with the good. It is remarkable that in the records of the CoJirt of
Quarter Sessions for years after the conquest of tlie countr}-, in Montreal,
there are very few Frencii names before the magistrates, for those
crimes for wliicli punishment, by wiiipping, the stocks, the i)illory or
branding on the iiand was meted out. Thissliows how tiioroughly they
obeyed their Cures to respect the laws and be faitliful in their allegiance ;
and thougli alter this many emissaries from the American colonies
(among whom was the great Henjamin Franklin liimself) tried to allure
them, they remained firm.

During the years 1775 and 1770, the inliabitants of Montreal saw
many changes and vicissitudes. No doubt to some of the French popula-
tion it had at first been galling to be under tlie L'nion Jack instead of tlie
Lilliesof France, but the fifteen years of Hritish rule had greatly cimnged
their opinion. They had better markets, better cr'ips in these days of
peace, and securer pi-ivileges every way, and now to be subjected to the
sway of the New England Puritanic colonist was indeed ten times
worse than ever. Joy s})read over the City when the last of the
invading American Array passed St. Johns on their retreat to their own
country. It was a busy time, not only in Montreal, but iu the Fort of

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

C'liambly, which was tluMi tlio ))rin<-i;ial station of Hritish troopw aod
inunitioiH of war during tho continuance of the Htrufrglo between the
Mother Country and her revolted colt)nios. Troops were arriving and
troops departing — for preparations were ueing made to follow up ihe
retreating Americans under General Arnold, from Quol)ec, and invade
their country.

On the vMth July 177n, the distribution of troops iiid the order of
march were issued in ureneral ordor.i. Quite a niimbe.-of recruits had
joined tho regiil irs, and the Voluntoers and Militia wore daily drilling in
Montreal. All the recruits at Chainbly were drafted into the A'lth and
53rd Regiments, and two companies of the -Mst set out on the march to
St. .To'ins.

On tho 1th of October, 177^, at Isle aux \olx. tho General issued
general orders, thankiuj^ the troops for tiie rapid progress made in the
preparation of tho expedition to meet tlio enemy, and thus began the
invasion of the New Kngland colonies in retaliation for tlieir
invasion of Canada the year before. It resulted in (Joneral Hurgoyne
and his whole army surrendering, as prisoners of war to tlic Americans.
Wlien he starte I from Cin-ida early in tho beginn'ng of 1777, he had
with him a well-equipped army of 701)0 men and a large bo ly of Indians.
His advance was executed witli great skill and intrepidity. Ho marched
boldly on from St. Johns into the States, and bore down all before him,
but of no avail. At an immonse distance from his supplies tlio situation
became most ha/.ardous, and at last he had to surrender. liy the terms
made, the 39th and otlit regiments returned no more to Canada during
this Avar. They were sliipped eitiior from Huston or New York. The
terms of surrender were " that tlio troops should lay down their arms,
be sent home, and sh )uld not serve again in America during the war."

General Arnold, on his retreat from Quebec in the spring and early
summer of 177(), did an enormous amount of harm to tlie country, in
breaking down bridges, burning houses and barns, destroying fences and
culverts, and ill-treating the inhabitants to a gre.it degree because of
their fidelity to the British Crown.

When in 1781, rumors were rife of another attempted invasion of
Canada by the Americans, sj)ontaneously, from both Quebec and Mont-
real, came addresses from the French ("anadians to the Government,
expressing indignation at the renewed attempt and their determinatioa
to oppose it.

The address likewise declared '• that the most earnest and hearty
support should be given to every measure of defence necessary for the
safety of the province." 1 presume that the seeds of this loyalty still
lingered in the hearts of the descendants of these men ; at least it was
exemplified to the full, thirty years after, when tlie Americans did
actually invade tlieir country, and when the sons of those men who
showbd themselves faithful to England's Crown, and drove back the

HISTOHV OF MONTREAL.

-tn

LKTTEIl OF GENERAL AMHERST,

HI8T0KY OP MONTREAI*

^ ^

eneioy. undor tlio <'()iniimiui of th« iriuuortal I )»'Salaberry, completely
diHcoiiifltetl tlioir fiiumieM at the battle of CliatfaiiK'iay. (iod only
knowH tile amount of luiHery and woo which tlie War (if Indupondence
occaHloiied. DuritiK tlu* yfars from 177.") to ITK.'J. wIhmi the British
(iovernment at last Mi^ned tlu' articles (if freedom with (lie 13 States,
homes were ruined; farmsteads obliterated, burned, or tlemolished ;
thousandu of iielplesH women and children wandered about iiomeiesH,
widows and orphans, and nil caused by the stubbornness of tiie Kind's
councillors, although the ablest and )?reatest orator and statesman of
the time, Hurke. declared that " peace should be made with the revolted
colonies even by giviun; them their indepen<lence,"

No wonder, then, that we find in the army of IhuKoyne many Mont-
realers. History tells us there were no less than oUU Canadians in liis
army.

In lookiuK over the reKister of Di'. Delisle from 17(10 to i7H7, we find
very many intermarriajres His register was the first Kn>?lis'i one in
Montreal. Sonie of our most iuMufiitial families are mentioned, and
othtu's whoso names are connected with the advancement and )»rof?ress
of the province, and Montreal in particilar. We Hnd there the name of
Simon Kraser, of Wolfe renown, also the founder's name of McCJill
University and Mctiill street, ** .lames MctJill."

Mostly all the names are of common occurrence, as in these (lays,
and a large percontaKo Seotuh : als > ^(W/w/ itiu i. is Kuglish speaking and
erery iroinan French speaking, and wo know the result as regards tlie
religion of tiieir posterity at the present day.

Slavery wa.s abolished in I'pper Canada by an Act of Parliament
(held at Newark, ), May 31st, 179.^. In Lower Caiuida a bill for the
.same purpose was brought into Parliament in 1703, and not carried. It
was again brought in 1790 and lH(til, but notiiing was done hi>wever
until 1HJ3, when slavery was abolished by an Act of the Hritisli Parlia-
ment, sanctioned August vHth, IH33, abolishiir,' slavery tlKo:igh()ut tlie
British Empire f»om and after August 1st, H3I. Bit in 1803, Chief
Justice Osgoode decided, at Montreal, that " slavery was incomp itiblo
with the laws of the countr3\"

In 1780. Patrick Lankan sold to John Mittleberger, a negro named
Nero, for £()0, and the last slave was publicly sold iu Montreal "JStli
August, 1797. The deed was passed by Mr. Guy and his partner, not-
aries. The name of the slave was Kmanuel Allen, aged 33 3'ear8; price
£36. The sale was afterwards set aside by legal proceedings ;

This year, 1777, niiieli lighting took place between tlie mother coun-
try and the revolted colonies. Wliilst these events were in progress. Sir
Guy Carleton, tlie Governor, was devoting liis attention to the internal
affairs of the country. The Quebec Act, or, as it was designated, "An
Act for making better provision for the Government of the Province of
Quebec in North America," had been passed in 1774 by the Parliament

HIBTOUY OF MONTIIEAL,

of Kn^^Iaiid, but on lurount of tlie^o troublous tiiiioN h;i<l iievor been
cari'it'tl into elTect. Tliis Aft, Ciiiloton broujrlit 'jnto lu-tivo elTect by
creating the new council, which liuUl iis flrnt luHotiuK in th« spriuK of
this y«>ar. Fivn of itM Jn«<nibors were Knnch Canadians. Tliu courtn of
law wi'rn now reorKafu/(Ml to i'on(hjct their business according to the
spirit of tiiis Act; and thus we find that thusu courts were once more
opened. The court opened January W, 1779. At the March term we ilnd
several French names as justices of the peace ; out of nine, live ire
French, vi/,., IhMtel de llouville, Joseph lion^fueuil, Nt.vue Hevescro,
Pierre Mc/ure, and Pierre Fortier,

The first time Jumes Mc(iill appears as a justice is in the September
term. The men^hants .»i' Montreal must have received permission
by this time to have ii Custom Mouse of their own, as the first case of
seizure of tiie Customs is rccoriled on the Jind May, 17.S:<. when John
Heck. " surveyor of Flis Majesty's Customs for the Port of Jh)ntreal,"
obtained "a monition admonishing all persons to appear and sljow cause,
if an.v they can, why four cases of jj^in seized at Montreal on ulie 'i^th
April last should not be condemned as forfeited." No person appearing,
the Court granted the monition.

We will now n'lve the names of tlie principal citizens of Montreal
in ISOl : — Alex. Ueniy, M. (Jibb, \ (rraham, Jt)hn Dillon, Dr. Arnoldi,
J. Brown (stationer), Hon, J. liichardson, Simon McTavish, F. Poitier, J.
W, Clarke, Mr. Heaslay, Mr. Maitland, Mr. liadgley, Jas. & A. McGill, D.
Davids, II. Symes (auctioneer), Judge Davidson, Forsyth, Richardson Si
Co,, (i.tiauclie, R. lloyle, Mr. Stevenson (tobacconist). Jolm Piatt, Hurton,
v \lc Bulloch, J. Hrown (auctioneer). J. Fisher, P. H irsilou, .\uldjo,
Maitland Co., Logan i>t Watt, Woolricij ^ Cupper, R. cClements, Jas.
Dimlop, Jolm Lilley, S- P. L^prohon, Mr. Stansfleld tobacconist), John
Shuter (crokery), Col.de Longueuil, Henderson iS: Wingfield, 1<^. St. Dizier,
Jolm Mc(Jill, Samuel Gerrard, Gerrard \ Ogilvie. iss Hayes, A. Scott,
Joht A. Gray, R. Dobie.

Canada, as a Colony of Great Britain, had made rapid progress since
its cession to the I'nion Jack in A.D. 17aS>. It must be said truthfully
that in the latter years of the rrjiinc of " La Ilclle France," the colonists
were treated in such a manner that after the trial of King George'.s
Government they unanimously declared the flag of England was prefera
ble to the " Fleur de Lys " of France— and why?

After the Cession, the British Commander, General Murray, decreed
that all things should be done "decently «nil in order." The habitants
must be paid honestly in "hard cash" for whatever they brouglit either
to the markets or to the British Cantonments for sale. Rights were
respected, the Religion, Language, and Laws of the Province were secur-
ed, and every thing was done to content the people. Every Frenchman
and French Canadian who had remained in the country felt securer
now, and more at ease, than in those last days of France's hold upon

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

her t<!rrItorlefl In North Aiiioricn. IIiul not Kiiip: (Soorf^n luriiHttlt' called
llirni 'Ills ( hilih'cti?" HMii they kn(»\v a hfttei' ura Imd boK*ii> ('*' *lHwn
un Ciinatln.

No wonder then that wlien trniibleennio to Kn^land— in the rovolt
of her tliirt<'t«n Stiites or <'(>li)niHH— Camida rHinninod tailhl'id to Ihm',
and tlwit it took two arniieH uiidwr .MoiitKoiDi*ry and Arnold to enter
her Hoil, but only toHxperiHnee dufHat, disorder and deatli, and to leave
tho eonntry mn-c jii/hfni itiU to th i liiMtish Crown tlrin even before the
lievolntion of the American StateH.

When we turn to Montreal, wo fin 1 the Hanio patriotiHm diHpiayed
in botli her Kn^li>< i and her French inlialiitants; and althou^li by the
fortune of w.ir the army of Montgomery <//(/ capture the city, find the
"Stars ami Htripes" waved dcHintly over Mariopoli.s, it was only for a
short |ieriod. It i-oon passed ; l)ut the recollection of 1 77(1 rankled in
the breasts of all. A ueneration h id to be born before retaliation < ame ;
but about thirty-seven years after, they wiped tlie stigtua of their
fathers olT at tlie Kattle of C'h iteau»;ii;iy.

And who were tlie M ilitia -Wiio were they who ventured their
lives to protect their city anil their hunes? l^it their names be ever
honored. Many of tliem the follovvinif yiiir iir.tnallj iiiff the samn unemv
at ( liateauguay, and proved that they were wortiiy of their sires.

Let it be always I'emHinbereil that Montreal was the (.jreat objective
point of the American War of HPi-l;}. One of their greatest men of
that era, their Secretary of State, had said, "That Montreal was the
apple of his eye. Why waste men and money upon distant frontiers ?
strike at the vitals, then you will parali/.e the extremities. Capture
Montreal and you starve de llottenburK and I'roctor. In .Montreal
your troops will find winter quarters and Knglish Christmas.''

These counsels carried great weight and we know from History
tliat the remainder of the campaign, vi/.., tlie (!apturo of Montreal, was
the grand and crowning object of American strategy, To forward t'ds
))lan the Inited States soon collected a large force on Lake Chaniplain.
In the summer of lHi;i, about 8.0(10 men were collected at Burlington
and IMattsburg.

During all this time, and for the past year, drilling had gone on
incessantly in Montreal. Men of all ranks and nationalities eagerly
pressed for service. To the honor of our forefathers they determined
to defend their country with their lives, leaving tlie rest to God. We
all know the grand result when Col. Do .Salaberry and his bravo forces
completely overthrew the Americans at the memorable Battle of
Chateauguay.

All did their duty well and nobly ^that day. but let especial mention
be made of Captains Ferguson, de Bart/.ch and Levesque, Capt. L'Hcuyer
and the two Duche«nap8, Captains Daly, Bruyere and Lamothe, wi. o
handled his Indian warriors well, Lieuts. Pinguet, Guy, Johnson,

msTOUY OF MONTHRAl..'

Powell. n«»l)h«nHn(l S«liHloi— all ilhulaypd roiirRsrn H»>fl vlffor. Cnptfi.
LoiiKtiii ami lliiiit'iiii \v«*ro cxiiinpl*^'* tn tlicir iiihii. ('apt. I,iin»rtiii diiii
HH tlio IrotiHiilns (if Khj^IhikI uikIit (.'rom\v«>ll were iicciiNtoiiitMl to (In, It
In relHtetl of liiiii that liefoin (he liattle lie knelt down at the heati of IiIh
company and tilTerfd a nhort Imt nirnest prayer ''And now, " ni -»
enfants," he said rising. "liavinK dune utir duty to (Sod, we will do tiie
Kami* by onr khiK-"

IjH»<t but not the least, Htan<l out tiie nrimos of the "rtimplo soldatH,"
Vitnrtil, I'rllit'irr. Vinnin. Ihilmis and ^an/d, /ill of tin* lo//)'*;* icj*. wlio, in
the lace of dilTlcuUies. dimmer ami death, swam the Uiver ChatoauKUHy
nnd cut olT the retreat of the pi isoners who were taken, ainouiitinfjt tu
near a Hoorn. All honor be to tlieni too. Let their nauieH for ever be
remembered in the hearts of all ( luiiidians. whether they he French tir
EiikIi^Ii Hpeakn^. I doubt no! but tin* Hiinie "esprit de cor|)s," the
same love of country, fills the hearts of nine-tenths of our people to-day
and if necertsity came (which may (iod avert), the same courage and
jiluck as seen in the volunteers of 1MI2-I>'i would be displayed in thoHe
of JHU7 and following years.

The greatest quantity of wheat ever exported from Canada In these
yearn was in 1S02. It aniounted to l.lllO.'Hi.M bushels. There were
besiiles exported that year US,,"!)! bbls. of Hour and -'2.(l;'il cwt. of
biscuit.

It may be interestinp to know that Mr. W. W. Of^ilvie, and Senator

Oprilvie's grandfatlier. was (lie lirst m.iii who exported flour from Can-
ada, and in this yenr JMIIJ ; in the previous one 1>()1 he had come from
Scotland to Quebec, and started a flour mill at .Jacques ("artier near
tiuebec, and tliis same year opened up one near Laciiine. What a
difference now !

After tile country had (piieted down from the American War, and
peace and prosperity once more reigned over Canada, in Montreal a
movement was nu\de towards getting more ligiit for the city, In 18(11,
the manner of lighting the city had been suggested, but no definite
conclusion liad been arrived at up to the year 181."), The following
curious inducement for the successful carrying out of the street lighting
at the time was "that ladies might be induced to visit their friends
much more frequently."'

In November, 1815, entirely through the exertions of Mr. Samuel
Dawson, part of St. I'aul street was lighted by twenty-two lamps, cost-
ing $7.00 each. They were distant from each other fifty-four feet.
This was tlie west end of St. Paul street, and by Christmas, same year,
the east end of St. Paul street was similarly lighted. Notre Dame
street followed, and thus began the lighting of Montreal — now in this
year 1897 lighted by gas and electricity. An Act passed in 1818 provided
for the erection of street lamps and niglit watches also, consisting of
twenty-four in number — their duties being to trim and attend to the
lamps, and act as police guardians of the city.

HINTOnV OP MONTIIKAL,

' »

On |7th .Tuly. IS17, tlin Lncliinn numl wiih h«*Kiin, tlio fli-Nt no<I
beintr n>iiii)V)'il hy lion. .1. KirlntnUon. This yo.-ir \\ Imt liiui liitluM'to
l)«i<n (/'itadnl Hill iiml li iiowdrr niaKu/.ltio uum tiini(><| into ii H(|u>iri>, hiuI
AH tilt* (tovernor liiul ilonntHtl it to tlio citi/.tMH, it Iiiim rtfc«l<'«'il t\w nnnie
of Diilliousio .S(|u«rH «iv«r Hince. A Ki'i'Ht IIih occnrrodin IHlifi. Unt foi*
tint etYoitN tit tli« nuMi of tlii) Tilt H<v>ni«>nt tint contlMfcriition would
hiivo lM'«»n much un-iitwr. This y»>nr muHt ht( i-tMiiHtkiihli* for the oxtT-
lionn the nu'i'chiintH of Montreal nindo townrdH the navJK'ition between
QM(>l>ec and Montreal. \ cry niod««Ht waH their petition to I'arliainent,
"that Nt«t)m HJiouid Ik> tak«>n to deepen the eliannel of the river, particu-
larly at Lake St. I'eter, and thereby, render it navi>;able throuKhont
the neason for veMnelH of two hundred and llfty touN fidly laden." What
a oontraNt to tlie ina^'uillcent veNNeiN "The Canada" and otherM " 'I he
PiiriNhin " c»r " I he Vancouver " of tim present day, and all thin liaH been
aecoinplislicd within the past •'>() years!

'I he year U3;' will ever be reniendiered for the Hrst appearanc of
tlie Asiatic ('holern, by which four thousaiul four hundre'l and twenty
citi/(Mis were attacked, and one thousand idne hundred and four died.
The Hill incorporating Monticai took eilectin IHii^i, and JacqueN Viger
WAH appointed the iHt Mayor.

On .Inly ..'."nl, 11^40, the Mill totmite Tppor and liOwer t'ni.ftda became
law, beiiiK then sanctioned by the t^ueen. It did not, iiowever, from
Home cause, come into operation till P'ebruary Hlth, IN41.

The City Charter haviuK expired, it was renewed, and Honorable
Peter Mctiill was a)ipointed Mayor.

In IHtt the (Government was translated from Kinf^ston to Montreal.

In tin; summer of IVit), Montreal was visited by the drea<l peHtil-
ence that came to be known ns tlie 'Ship Fever.'

In .January, 1817, Lord EIkiu arriv»'d in Montreal rh the newly
a))pointe(l (Jovernoi -tieneral of Canada.

In .lanuary oi' next year IH 18, a gr(>at inundation took place, and
much resembled the j?reat flood of a few years ago.

On tlie 18th of June, tlie largt-Mt bell in Canada was christened an
immense congreKation of citi/enH being present at Notre Dame for tlie
ceremony.

Amonn the ))ublic buih'ings erected this year were the Reid Wing
to the General Hospital, St. Andrew's Church, and the Protestant
Orphan Asylum.

The burning of the Parliament Buildings now Ste, Anne's Market
MctJill Street will be fully treated of in the description ot that street.

In March, 185.'), an Industrial Exhibition was held in the City Concert
Hall for the purj)ose of selecting articles to be siiit to the Paris Exhib-
ition. It was jjublicly inaugnratod by His Bxccllency Sir Edmund Head,
the Goveruor-Gt neral, who visited Montreal for the Hrst time (for that
purpose) on March 5th. This visit was celebrated in the most enthusias-
tic manner, and every possible effort was made to render it agreeable.

HISTOIIY OF MONTIIKAU

In AuviiHt. lHr»7. Moiitrfjil wftH vit^ltrdhy tli« mo«f •liHlinKui»«1i«<l
(•ompnny tlmt ever met in tliw l'r«)viiic'oit. On NVetluHsilny, l.'th. tli«
" AnM'iiraii AHNDciatioii for tim Advaineinont u( Hoionce " UHHwrnliUMl in
the Court IIounm. nnd oontinuud In HOHMlon lor one weok. On Tliiirstlny
evenliiK. n Hoir«<« vvhh K'lvtm l»y thw NatiirnI HiHtory Society, in tli« ("ity
Conieit IIhH. imtl wjih niiuMUouHly nttcii(ie<i. On Sutinday, hy invitation
of th«' (illiti'iN of till' K^r''^"". tl>" P»''ty vlMltiMi St. Httlun'N InlHud. On
the Mondiiy followiuK, « ConverMa/ione w»s Kly«n by the (JovernorH,
Kiiciiiry (iiid I'VllowM of iMi(JilI Coll«'K« iind was a niaKnlllcont affair, At
th«t cloMiiiK infetiuK of tho AHHociation, addrcMHeN weru K>ven by ex-
I'reMidtMit Kilnioi*'. l'rof«'HH«)rM Ih-nry. Swallow, HaiUNay, CaNWoll, and
othor celebritiHH. One of thene speakerH coiiKnitidatud the cili/enH on
poHs«'HsitiK Hiich a ('ity. and Htatod that tht^m was "a pi)W«)r stored up
hft'H upon the nhoreN, which, uitldn Iuhh than one hiiiKhtui yuarH, will
pridiahly reHuit in niakiuK tluH t-ity tliu Kft'ittitst city in America. 'I'hiH
iiiimcnHe water power >)einK directed to the iiianutactiireH wiiich niiRht
be established here, will make this one of the Ki't'ot' c'tiesof the Klobe."

TiiiM luiH now been partially etYected by tlie K>*i^<^t^ company which
has utili/ed part of this niighty power. Tlie inhabitants of tins city will
in the future l)encllt from the prophecy of thi^ speaker.

In Jul'-, 1K»12, tljH (iovcrnor-Oeneral, Lord Monck, paid Iuh first
viHit to the city, and was iumpitably entertained by tlie Corporation,
who prcHented an addrcHs of welcome, and provided every poHNible
meanH towards rendering his visit agreeable.

One of the most important trials ever held in Montreal was that of
tlie St. Albans Uaf.ders. During the terrible fratricidal war between
the Nortliern States of America and the Southern, a band of young
men, sworn soldiers of the Confederate Army, entered from (.'anada, the
State of Vermont and raided the Town of St. Albans, in that State, and
after conimittinK certain acts of violence, escaped back to Canada with
their spoil.

The formal opening of the Victoria Hridge was, in colonial import-
ance, the chief feature in the visit of the Prince of Wales to Montreal.
As an engineering triumph over natural ditliculties of the most stupend-
ous kind it is without its equal in the world, and is now being enlarged
for the increased business of the (i. T, R.

While the city was in the inic''st of excitement on account of the
seizure of Mason and Slidell, an event occurred which tended to throw
a sadness over its inhabitants. On Tuesday, December •24th, the news
was spread that the husband of our beloved Queen had suddenly died.
A large meeting of the citizens was held at the City Concert Hall, and
adopted an address of condolence to Her Majesty, for which she returned
her thanks.

In the early part of i A the mutterings of a new Fenian excite-
ment were again heard on our borders, and after an interval of nearly

insTOHY OF MONTHRAL.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

two years of jieat^o and quiet, we were once more threatened by an
invasion. Ah in the j)revioii8 ca^e, this report was tlie result of the
unfriendly feohuKs existing between the I'nited States and England.
But fortunately for Canada, the resouriies of the " IJrotherliood " were
not suflifient to enable it to make jjfood its footliold in the country,
Htill the diabolical s})irit animated many of its partisans, and, as in otlier
places throughout the world, those wlio opposed the nuul sclieme wei'e
singled out as victims, a more distinguished victim could not have
been chosen than the Hon. Thomas d'Arcy McCJee. a representative of
the City of Montreal in the Dominion I'arliament, who was foully
assassinated on the nicrningof A))ril 7th 1^HS, while returning from the
Parliament Ikiildings to liis lodgings in Ottawa.

The funeral which took place on Monday, 13th, will be long re-
membered. Tlie streets were covered with mourning Hags and festoons
of black, giving tlie scene a striking and funereal asjiect, and those
streets throng)) which the procession was to pass were lined on either
side by soldiers, x'egulars and volunteers.

On the 21st November, 187.?, the ceremony of formally presenting to
tlie city the statue of our (iracious Majesty the (^neen was jierfornied by
Lord Dufferin, tlie Goven or-General.

In 1S7I>, Sir George E. Cartier died in London, and his funeral in
Montreal was the largest ever seen in the city. The expenses of his
obsequies were borne by the Dominion Government.

In mio, the Guibord burial case occasioned some ill-feeling in
Montreal, but by ihe energetic action of Jh'. Hingston, (now Sir William
llingston) tlie Mayor to whose wisdom and tact all j)raise is due, it passed
off without any actual disturbance.

On Friday, the Hth of October, 1W;9, Prince Arthur, third son of Her
Most Gracious Majesty, arrived in Montreal to join the P.C.O, KiHes,
liere stationed, he iiolding a lieutenant's commission in that splendid
regiment.

His Excellency the Governor-General, having left Canada for
England, Sir John Michel was sworn in at Montreal as Administrator of
the Government in tlie absence of tlie Governor-General. Sir John took
up his residence in the city, and during his administration the Executive
Council met here twice in each mouth for the transaction of public
business.

In November, 1878, the Marquis of Lome and the Princess Louise
arrived in the city. Great rejoicings showed the welcome which every
one gave to the Queen's daughter.

During the past 15 j'ears, the city has st;eadily increased, and its
boundaries are exteniling in every dii'ection. Among tlie principal items
and events of the past few years may be mentioned the Riel Rebellion
in the North West, when two Montreal regiments were sent to the scene

IIIHTORV OF MON'TFtKAL.

'J
a

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

of the uprisiiiff, the Garrison Artillery and the 05th ; the first an
English, the second ;i French-Canadian corps.

During the summer of 1H85, the Small-Pox epidemic was of such
magnitude that several thousand fell victims to its scourge, the most
noted being the late well known politician, Sir FranciH Hincks.

The execution of Louis Riel, after the close of the Rebellion, caused
great excitement in Montreal, happily without any serious outbrake,
although thousands met on the Champ de Mars and passed condemn-
atory resolutions.

A great bridge, built by the C. P. Railway, has been erected at
Lachine also Lord Mount Stephen and Sir Donald Smith's (now Lord
Stratlicona and Mount Royal) magnificent gift of the .lubilee Victoria
Hospital, Some tine buildings of all kinds have been erected in
Montreal within the past few years and if the inhabitants only stand by
their motto— which is recorded on the title page of this History —
shoxdder to shoulder, their city wi'l yet be tlie fifth in size of all tlie
cities on tlie American Continent, wlien the third decade of the
twentieth century has come.

We fiuisli the short History of Montreal with a table of the growth
of the City since its foundation to the present day and no citizen who
reads the same, but, must be proud of the advance and progress of his
city in the short space of two centuries. Of course there are cities
which have progressed at a greater, much greater ratio, but the
locality has been different from Montreal — the advantages greater — the
difficulties to be overcome immensely les-s- and altogether the effects
were infinitely easier. Let us take only one example — and that is the
deepening of the Channel of tlie St. Lawrence from Montreal to Quebec.
Let us see the wonderful progress made. About the yi ur IH50 when the
author landed in Montreal, the depth of the channel to Quebec was only
11 feet and lie well remembers being in tlie beautiful Clipper "Three
Bells" — for three days in Lake St. Peter as the vessel could go no
farther with her heavy load. This ship was the first iron vessel ever
moored at the wharf of Montreal and consigned to the firm of Ed-
monston Allan & Co. Lighters had to come from Montreal to take off
part of her cargo to enable her reach her port of destination.

In 1853 the channel was deepened to 15 feet '2 inches — and the
Glenora, the first ocean steamer arrived in Montreal on account of this
depth. Tight little steamer with the Lady Eglinton and Sarah Sands
they were the pioneers of the grand array of ocean monarchs which now
sail up to our Metropolis.

In 1854 again had the river channel been deepened to 16J feet. In
1H65 it had been deepened to 18 feet. In 1875 to no less than 20 feet, in
this year the wharfage had attained a length of 3.17 miles.

IIISTOin' OF MONTHKAt..

In 1H7fl the ^epth of the clmir I was to bo 05 feet, but large
steamers beiiiK reiuly to conie to MoiitrfJil, the dcptli in 1MHS was 27 i feet
and tlic wliarves wero isxtmnltMl lor no loss tliaii 1.7 luiles or nearly 5
miles and to the cretlit of Montreal it was the first city to adopt electric
lighting for its harbor. The deepening' of the cliann(>l still jjjoes on and
the inereasiiiK' toniiaj;e of I lie ocean stemucrs still advances — bnt it is a
Rood sijfn wlien we know thai lhc<lepth of tiie channel at low water
from the Ocean to Alontrcal is now as great as that at low tide on tlie
Bar of New Vt)rk harbor.

GROWTH OF MONTREAL

i\( i,ii)i.\(i Hintuiis

■^

Founded in l(i4'2— by authentic records IS Joined in the first AIa.ss
ever performed in Montreal.

1(U)7— 7G()

IGhit— 2000

no.^?~::iOO(i

17t>0— !tOiO

1842—50,0^0

1858—80,000

1871—107,225

1881—155,237

1891—240,000

18ii7— 300.000

inhabitants.

*i>:,^?i««-

IIISTOHY OF MONTHKAL. .

r
>

HISTOIJY OF MONTI? RAL.

NOTES SUR L'HISTOIRE DE MONTREAL.

Tliese notes were written by the latfl He v. Abb;' Deniaznre »)f the
Seniin.iry of St. Sulpice for tlie Aiith<iranil for one of his earlier works.
They were never finislieil — death closed the eyes of one of the most
elncated and talented members of that eonimunitv. The Abbe was a
perfect gentleman— and of all tlie " Gentlemen of the Seminary " — He
was " sans peiir et sans reproche." flieso notes will be most interestinf?
in connection witli the " History of the Streets of Montreal" and es-
pecially so, as printed in the very language in which the Abb6 wrote
them.— J. D. B.

Dans ces notes, nous voiilons seiilement n'nnir qiielqnes renseigne-
ments sur la suite et le di'veIop})ement des constructions de Montn'al,
depuis la premiere occupation en KHv' ,jiis([ii'a nos jours. Nous
comploterons ce travail plus tard, lorsque nous aurons pu dc'couvrir les
ducuments qui se rapportent A notre snjet.

La site de Montreal, drcouvert par ("artier en 158"), et nomine ainsi
I)ar lui Ji cause du voisinage de la belle montagne, qui en est encore la
principale ornement, fut visitc plusieurs fois dans le siecle suivant par
M. de Champlain qui, frapp^ de ses avantages, mi'dita d'y faire ua
etablissement, et, en consequence, donna a I'ilo en face, le nom de Sainte-
Helcne, en consideration de son e|)auso, llelene lioulle; plus tard, la
grande ile au sud fut nommoe Saint-E*aul, du nom de M. de Miisonneuve,
premier gouverneur tie Montreal. Voici done trois points principaux qui
attirent les yeux lors(ju'on arri vent devant Montreal, et qui rappellent
le souvenir des trois personnages les plus illustres (pii ont preside -. .x
premiers etablissements de la Nouvelle- France.

Quelques semaines apres la mort de Champlain, arrivee le 25
d^'cembre 1035, deux grands serviteurs de Dieu, M. de la Dauversicre et
M. Olier, ayant reyu en mcme temps la mome inspiration de fonder un
etablissement au site de Montreal, comme etant un centre propice pour
revangeli/ation des nations infldeles, organisSrent une societe qui, en
1641, put envoyer une expedition command^e par M de Maisonneuve,
assistee de Mile Manse, qui devait, avec ses compagne, fonder un
bOpital.

HISTORY OF MONTHF':.\L.

r
>

IIIHTOUY or MONTTIKAL.

M. de MiiiMonneiive, rtti 17 iiiai int2, arrive an Hit« de Montreal, hI
blen placr pour robj»<t qn'il mh propoHail, an coiitro dus natiotiH ititldules,
i\ Oil liuiiuM du la capitalu, dans tnu.< iln protr^co par dun courants dinU-ilos
A traver«er, aux pieds «1om K>'<iiids rapiden (£uo los vaisseaiix ne pouvaient
dt'passer, abritr ait nor J par iirii< liaiit*< nionta^iiH qui Ini Hurvait i\ la foiH
ot dH pr()t«cti(»n oontro It's vents du nurd I't d'ornonuMit.

L'expi'ditiou coiumunce A se cantonnur, on fait des travaux de
rotranchemuut et on coniniunce par olever un tort, ii I'endroit appelu
I'ointe A Calliurt's et orcupi' actuttllcrnunt par co bul rdifireciuo Ton voit
de toutos parts sur los bords du Houvo, avoc sa tour A horlo^jfe qui
doinine les ((uais et'qui est consacrc auxollicos do la IJouanedo Montreal.

C'e.st A cu phint, (|ui est si biun place en iWideuce au milieu du port,
sur un promontoire avanct- dans lo tlouve (pii bati et fortillt' par M. de
Maisonncuve, ri'sista pendant Ho ans avec- son intrc-pi le gouverneur A
toutes lea attacpios dos Inxpiois, et est conitno le bercoau dec-ette ville
qui devait avoir taut de di!VHlo|)pBuumt et devonir la tni'tropolo ..-oniuior-
t'iale et industrielle do la Nouvelle- Franco.

M. do Maisoououvo batitdaus lo fort uno cliapello, un hr)pital pour
les malades, des logemeuts pour la f^arnison et los nouveauK iK'Opliytes,
i*nlin des ujagfisiuHd'entropots pour le coiuinorce avec le.s Sauvages. Lo
() Janvier 1'54 !, il alia planter une croix sur une Honiniot do la luontagne,
comiue un I'tondard, qui devait servir de rocours A la protection du ciel
et d'appel aux tribus idolatros.

L'aniu'e suivante, cotuiue I'enceinto du fort devenait trop I'troite, M.
de Maisonneuvo batit. sous la protection, des canons du fort, \\n hopital
avec une cbaiKsllo (jui do plus furont ontouros do nuu's solides avec
meurtricros, que los Sauvages plus d'une fois attatjutrent sans pourvoir
les entamer.

Les nations Iroqnoisos ne di'eouvrirent ri'tabli.ssemont de ce poste
avauco que rannce qui suivit Tarrivt'o do M do aisoimouve, qui s'otait
mis en ctat de defense; luais, d^-s ce moment, Montreal, devint de toutes
leurs attaques. Chaque annee, au retour du printomps, les tribus
sauvages arrivaiont devant le fort, renvironnaient, voillaient sur toutes
les issues; tcndaient des embuscades A ceux ((ui ailaient cultivor au-dela
de la portce des canons du fort, et so croyaiont sans cesse A la veille
d'exterminer cette petite troupe si aventurce. C'est en 1(544 que M de
Maisonneuve tua un chef sauvage, a I'endroit appolo maintenaut la
Place d'Arnus.

Les annt'es suivantes se passcrent en alarmes et en surprises con-
linuelles, les Sauvages Hrent de iionibreuses victimes parnii les culti-
vatours, la garnison otait continueilcment harcelee, attaquee, decimce,
mais ce fut une graude sur|)riso pour los Sauvages lors qu'apros qnatre
anneesd'efforts continuels, ils virent, en 1041"^, construire, au and du fort,
une nouvelle redoute qui devait sorvir de moulin et de point d'observa-
tion, montrant ainsi que, malgre toutes les attaques, ils otaient decides
A rester en cet eudroit et A ne jamais I'abandonner.

inSTORY OF MONTREAL.

Ell 1051, M. do MaHonuouvo utiiblit iino trommimo, pour \e \mU\vnge,
fViin arpeiit tie Iiirf^ouf Hiir K) arpeiits dcj loiiKdoiir, sous la profcoctiori dii
fort le loiiK tlu I1»mivo u'ost ro (pTou apptillu uncoro actuolloiUDUt ruo dos
ConuuissaifOH ot rue do la Cominuno ; il I'tait «*oavouue que Ton reprou-
drait ce torraiu li mesureque I'ou aurait beuuin pour «)tablii- les citoyeiia
et fairo le port.

Eu 1(1.'>-' Lambert Closse, lieutenant do M. do Maisonneuve, avoc
quolques lioiumes extormine uno oolonne d'lroquols vers la ruo McGill,
etrepouHHo una autre trlbu i1 lal'ointo Ht. Charhis oi"! Ton avait otabli une
rodouto; A partir tie eo nionioiit, on '.'ominonce il batlr des muisons dd8
niaJHons ; voici quel H(nit coux qui H'rtablirent lo' promiors : Joan
Descai'ios ot Jean Leduu, Andr('' Denier.s, Jactpios I'icot ot Joan Aubuohon,
Jac'tpies Menier et (Charles LeMoyne, Azarie Diioliarmu et Joan Valloo.
Nous citons ces noms en faisant romarquer qu'ils sout niaintouant repri?-
sente.s par des families nombrousos et prospures.

En l(Jj7 la Situu- HourKooys (pn vcnait d'arriver ot <iui dovint la
fo.-datrico do la ConKri''>?ation, n'tablit la croix do la montapno qui avait
eto (U'truite par le froid, ou par les Irocpiois; vers le mriue tomps, o.i
otablit un nouvoau oimetitjre a la IMaco d'Armos E)n 1050, on posa la
premiere piorro d'une grando E^lise aupri;s du cimetit're. ("e fut alora
(pi'on ctabli une redouto sur la rue Notre Damo lil oi» so trouve la rue St.
Henis pour protojijer los travailleurs itablis sur les du Coteau St. Louis.
Le nom de I'o coteau sub.siHte encore dans la rue St. Louis.

En 1057, La Srnur HourKeoys conunonco la construction de 1' Kgli.se
de Notre- Dame do lionsecours, rannco suivante M. de Maisonneuve lui
donne un terrain avec une maison pour otablir une ocole, la Siour y ontra
le 80 Avri', jour de Sto. Catherine do Sienne. Cost eu cette annee
qu'arrivorent les premiers pr<"tres de St. Sulpice, ils furent logiss d'abord
dans les batiments de I'hopital.

En 10")M on oleva une nouvelle redouto sur le Coteau St. Louis qui
devait proti'ger les travailleurs, e'ctait sur I'endroit oil so trouve mainte-
nant le Carr6 Dalhousie. Cette redouto, augmentte plus tard et muni de
bastions et de retraucheraents, deviiit la citailelle.

En 1059,on avait 40 maisons bien baties,avec murs 5pais etmeurtriores,
isoltes les unes des autres. mais assez ra|)proclit'es pour pourvoir se
dufendre, eu cas d'attaque ; c'i'taitcorame autaut do redoutes assez fortes
pourrendre inutile le premier fort qui continua de servirde residence au
gouverneur, mais dont on cessa des lors de reparer les bastions, degrades
considerablement chaque annee par les glaces et la debacle du printemps.

Ce fut vers ce temps (|ue, pour i)roteger les travailleurs qui se r6-
pandaieut toujours de plus en plus, on etablit trois fiefs considerables sur
trois points eloignes. Le fief Ste. Marie, au pied du courant, pres de la
traverse de Longueuil, d'oi\ est venn le nom de rue Ste. Marie. De ]ilus.

fit

HISTORY OP MONTR RAL.

IIISTOHV OK MONTKKAL.

le Huf St. Oiibriel, niiisi noiniut) uii I'liDniioiir do sou pitroii par M. du
liuoyluH; prf inler ciiri' de St. Sulpici), i\ Moiitri'ftI, ot tMifln. aii iiord duriH Ih
lo Kiiiil)()iirK St lifiiiroiit, nil iviitro llof d<»mi«'' par M. de Mnindiuioiivo. A
Hon liinittinaiit, L-iiubort CIdshu. Kii cIiivimiii do ocs (lofH, on ('taltlit don
reciuiituM, doH IdKoiuentn pom- los travailoiUM, don b/ltimetitH d'cxploitatioti.

Lamboi'tClosso qtdtta 1h foi'tetalla l<»gor, avoc dos liomiiiOH di'voin'is,
daiiN la rodoute, (lu'il avait fait (MUiHti'iiiro, do lA il pouvait prott'>K«r tons
lo nord do la villo.

Noil-* av(»(jM de ce temps, une lottre tlo M. •I'Arflreiuoy (\\\\ pnint
Montrual stiivaiit lea idcoH qn'on uii avait tilovs et qui out biea cliaiiKu
depuis.

[| Faut, dit-il (pie je vouh ontt-otieuno de Montreal, place qui fait
taut do bruit ot (pu t>Mt HI piMi do cliose. J'en pni'Io couuno navaut ; j'y
ai t'itt' CO printoinps ot Jo puis vous assurer <pio si jY-tais poiutro, jo
I'aurais bientAt dossiui'e. Montn'al est une ile asso/, ditlicile .-l abordor,
mCme on eli.iloupe, A cause des grands courants du lloiive St. Laurent,
jiarticuliriremont A une doniio lieuen dossous, il y a uu fort, ou Ioh c'la-
Inupes abondtdit, <pu tninbont on ruinos.

" On a comnieuci' uuo rodoute et fait un riioulin sur une petite
•'eminence fort avantaf?ouse pour la dt'fonso do i'habitation. II y a
" environ (piaraiite inaisons. prosquo toutos A la vue les uns des autros, et
"en cela bien situt'es paree quelles se d<''fondent en partie."

Malgrt' toutes cos constructions, nranmoins lo pays I'tait encore
tellement oxposi' aux coursos des Iroquois quo, ou lOtKI, Mile Manse
demanda A M. de Maisonnouve de lui laisser batir dans Tintorieur du
Fort, une granfje en picrre de (W) sur 30pieds j)our jirt'server ses ri-coltes.
Vers le mOnie temps, Ioh Iroquois tirent encore plusiours invasions ro-
doutables ; ils avaient rt'solu d'externiiuer les Fran(;ais et de s'otablir A
Montreal comma t'tant uu point d'une importance extri'me pour I'occu-
pation du pays, mais M. de Maisonneuve fit si bieu veillor A la ^arde du
territoire que dans les diverses incursions des Sauvages, ils ne purent
surpreudre qu'un tri^s petit nombre do cultivateurs.

Pour comprendre maintenant quel fut le dt'voloppement de Montreal
dans les anm'es suivantes, il est ntcessaire de parler des domainos et
seigneuries qui furent constitut's autour de la ville, et qui c'taient destines
A servir de d^ifenses avanci'es pour protogor la ville, et memo I'ileenti^ro.

On {itablit sur la Riviiire St. Pierre, un flef de 800 arpents d'ctendue
qui fut accordL' au Major Dupuy qui avait remplacc le Major Closse. Le
concessionnaire «'tait tenu d y batir une redoute aveo des bAtiments
d'exploitation ot dY'Ioigner de ce eoto la tentative de.s Sauvages.

On 6tablit encore plusieurs tiefs sur la rive gauche ilu St Laurent, le
fief de Laprairie, qui fut c<jdo aux PP. Josuites, ensuite aprfes le SaultSt.
Louis, le flef de Gentilly, des iles-Courcelles et de la baie d'Urg^, en

HIHTOHY OF MONTIIFAU

nppniciiMritdii Inc (1«N Pimix MoutnKH^H, Im flMt' ito llilMbrtniit, tMi rnvetmiit

prtl" IHIIUI'iI, lI'lillh'I'N lll't'H NOtlt ('l'<l<'<*N :\ lUlYlU'tMlts Onicil'IN, (tt iMlllll, A Ia

rivitru il(*H |'i'.iiri<"<, dtnix llffs iioiniiK •• du L'lirioii ttt(lt> Morel, (loiun-** i\
(liMix oHirifrs pom- pn>t< giT I'IIh do fe c*'it<'', «t oinprdifr do d«^bnr({uur
\vH SntiviiKt^Mipd voiiiileiit pin- In ilvioru dc I'ANNttiiiption.

|)>iiiH U<H niuiros (|iu Niuvcnt, till <'>tiMidlt t'licorit r<ic('up:ttinii dii pay"«
ntir l(>.s (Unix ^ivl«^4dll llnivo pmir pnit*'K(>r rctal)liNsi>tui*nt <l« I'lle de
Montrral foiitr)* I<«h iiiriirHiniis doH SiiiiviiKU'*- M- dt< liiiubiii, dii r«'*KiiuHiit
de lirogli*', obtiiit <liMix litMii's de fnmt et do profoiidtMir Niir le lac Ht.
Pierre, hoii HtT^tMit, do Ijibudio, ohtiiit lo torritoiro volsiii, et do M«trH«
fftt iniH on poHMOHsion do I'iU' (|iii ost I'l r«>iidii>tioliuro do la rlvirre Nicolet
M. do Norniaiivillo olitint los torroH plus voiNiiios do Montri'al. H'ent
alorH quo t'uront I'dtiHtitiM'os Ioh •iBiKnoiirios do li'ivaltriu, de Ite|ientiKi>y«
de St. OurH, do Mortliolol. (JoiuH'dt'oM ados otliciors, ou doH euipIoyi^H du
tfoiivoriiomont C|tie Ton vDulait n Coinpoiisor.

Cool ttait pour prott^t"" le ii<»rd. iirus tlu oott' Hud c'eHt-T.-dire sur la
rive drolto du ilouvo, il (tait oucoro biou plus huportant do fortifier le
pnyHCOiitre Ich IrcupioN qui doHc-ondaioiit oontiuuollouiont par la rlvlore
lllclioliou j)our aller no joter onsuito sur Montreal, Trols KivioroH ot
Quoboc.

PauH ee doHHln, M. Talon lit dos oonoosHlonM on Krand nombre A M.
de Borthler, capitaino au rcginiont de CarriKHU ; il donna le territoire
en I'acedo ronil)()uc-liuro do III Mivirfc IlicheliiMi. il M.iiipaH, I'ileen faoo
qui porto maintoiiant oo noni ; M. do Sorol, i-apitaino an nn'tno n'Kiniont,
tout le pays dos doux oott's do la ITivirro lliclicliou, snr <loiix lloiios de
la Rivitire Richelieu, sur deux lii-uoH do profondour ; los autroNrivoM du
fleuven furont at't't)rdi'OH a .M.M. do St. Ours, Tun oapitaino et Tautre
ensoiKuo an n'Kiuiont do Carrijran; M. di^ Chanibly rcrnt lo Fort St.
Louis ot toutoH les torros adjaccntos ; vinrent ousuito los torie.s donnees
& M. de ContreoiLair, M. do Varenne, M. do iioisbriant, M. Doucber,
etc., etc.

Enlln M. CiiarloH Lemoyne re(;Ut lew terres situc'es entre la seigneurle
de M. Houclier et la HoJKueurio do Laprairio d'>nnoo aux PP. Jt'suites,
puis au dolil de Ijaprairle, il obtint encore deux lioiies de front sur troia
de profondeur, etil appola cette seiKneiirio du noni de Ciiateaugai, quelle
porte oncore. Tons ces fiefs peiiph s par les soldats a|)partenant aux
conipaKnioH dos ofTlcierH qui s'y ^talilissaient dovinront I'oriKine de
bourgH «'t villages considerables tela (|ue Sorel, Cimnibly, Hertliior, St.
Our8,( ontrecouir. Verchcre, Laval trie, Varennes, Boucherville, Longiteuil,
liaprairie, Chateaugai.

Montreal aiusi protegee centre les incursions de.-, L-oquois, et Ctant
appelee il Gtre le centre tru.jo population noiubreuse; il fut bientot neces-
saire de tracer des aligneiuents regnliers pour retablissenient des
constructions. Co fut M. DoUier de Canon, SupOrieur du Scminuiro et

HlSTOIlY OF MONTRRAL.

reprrNeiitniit luN HeiKiKMirH «Ih Moiitrt »I. c|ui ilt'tt* tiiiiia cos HlitfiitMiieiiti,
flxa le pnrcoiirM (1»n difTiTtintoH imiuh «t (Ioiiiih litM iioiiin qui out t^ttS t'oii«
Mrvt'N jiisiiu'A pr<^<tnt. II est done int*'i-()NH»iit d'tMi cuiitiHitrit i'ttii^ine,
cVnt cH <|iiit nous Hllon.suxi>()M»r Hiiivaiit le proftH vurlxil qui I'ut mlttft^ le
I2M111H 1072.

M. I)ollit«r de C'iinon tviu^n d'ali rd an centre uno Kf^mdo ruo (pii
pHrcmiiait tontc la villt'ct (|iii dcvait ^•tru la rue priiicipalt! ; il lui d<'rMa
\o noni du Notrc-DanH), un I'lionntMu- de la Ti-i.s Saintu N'ierKu (|ui a\.tit
^■tu cItohiM coniine |)atronne iIh la ville. II tvm;n HtisMitu unc autre ruo
danM un ^euH parallMe, h laipiclle 11 doniui le nom do St. JacquoH, on
riioniHMU* do M. .lae*iueH Olior, I'lin duH pruniiers fondatuurH de I'tStablHNe-
nient d(* Montreal.

I'nc autre rue tracee jilns prcH du lleuve re<,'Ut lo noiu do Ht. Taid, on
I'honncur de M. Paul de Maisuiuiouve, prenuor (iouvernour de la ville.

DanH le Henn trauHverHal, il traea pluNieurH autroH ruuM (]ui abontiN-
Haiont an ficuve. A la pi-uruiiro il donna le noni do St. I'iorro, on
rhoruuMir du prince dcs ApotroH, et auH.-ti en conHidrration de M. ile
Kancanq), I'un doH premiers i'ondateurs (jui portait ce noni ; la Noconde
ro<,'ut le nom tie St. Kran^oiH en I'lionneur tie St. Frant,'oiH, patron do M.
Dolliur do Canon; * la troiHicme ruo re(,'ut lenom deSt. Jose^ili, en I'hoa-

* Co nom il6Rignait St. l''rau(;oix d'AHHise d«ii8 lii peimu du M. Dollior dc )'»iion, inais dmi
111 mite Mgr. du l.itval iiyaiit dotiiii' Si. KruncjoiK Xivicr comiiiu I'un den priiicipnux patrons du
(.'Hiiadn, cutit* niu prit irinenHiMi'invnt lu nom du ce Huint

neur do ce .saint patriarche ; la quatrionie rue re<;ut lo nom de St. Lam-
bert, en I'honneur de M. Lambert CIohho, lieutenant de M. MaiHoruieuvo,
qui avait etc tuc dans une rencontre avec les Iroquoia ; la cinquieme rue
re(;ut le nom de St. Gabriel, en I'honneur de M. Uabriel de Queylus. Iwr
cur6 de .Montreal, et de .M. CJabriel Souart qui fut son Huccesseur ; la
sixieme rufc re^ut le nom de St. Charles en eon8id{,'ration de M. Charles
LeMoyue, (lui avait rendu de si grands services tl la Colonie.

Le site on M. Dollier do Canon, avait trac6 ces rues etait admirablo-
ment choisi i)our remplacement et la dcfen.so d'une ville. Cl'etait un
un plateau elevt' et escnrpe au-dessus du tieuve, ayant la forme d'ua
carre long ou i)arallt'lograinme d'un mille e'u demi de longsur par un
tiers d'un mille en largeur, oil ce plateau defendu d'un cot6 par le Heuve
rttait de I'autre par un vallon prt-fond faisant le tour, et oil
coulait un eours d'eau en commumnication avec la riviere et dont on
pouvait groHsir les eaux a volonte, ce rectangle, coupe trus uettement Ji
aes angles, etaitdonc A I'abri de toutes parts.

Les rues se couvrirent successivementde constructions, et les ofticiers
qui avaient obtenus des terres considerables dans les environs et qui les
avaient mises en culture et en rapport, bjlf irent aussi des residences dans
la ville, pour passer la plus rude saisoa de ranaee et pour entreteair

aft

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

leiirs i'elations avec les traitaut et avee ratlmitiistration lot'iile. M. de
Longueiiil avait son hotel a reiii))lat'oiiient actueldu March ('■ Bon.secours ;
M. do Vaiulroiiil la on se troiivo la Place Jacques-Cartier ; M. do Raraezai,
ii I'emplacemeiit de I'Kcole Normale ; M. de Maricourt avait sa residence
la oil se trouvo la Malson des Frcres des Ecoles Chretiemies ; M. de
Heaujeu avait son hotel ii rextremitt' de la rue Notre- Dame, pros des
llucollets.

De jilus siir I'ile Ste-IItirne on voyalt la ri'sidence d't'ti'des Slenrs
de LouKueiiil, qui en o-itie avaient do I'aiitre coti' du tleiiva leur nianoir
environnc de leius tones en ])lein rapport. Le Ciouverneur do Frontenac
I'crivalt vers 1080 on parlant du Sieur de Longueuil : " Son fort et sa
inaison nous donnent une ideo des Chateaux do Franco fortifius." Ce
fori ( tait bati en i)ierre avec (luatre tours aux angles, sur la rive oii se
tiouve le bourg Longueuil en face de Montreal.

24 Juillet 171U — C"e matin j'allai en bateau de Laprairie ^ Montreal
la riviere St. Laurent. A notre arrivte nous trouA Ames une fonle de gens
rt'unis a la porte de la vi'le par on nous devious entrer. lis ctaient
tres (lesirtux de nous voir, et ils nous assurerent que nous otions les
preiviiers Sutdois (jui furent venus a Montreal.

A notre dibarquement le (Jouverneur dela ville nous avait envoye un
ca))itaino qui m'invita a le suivre a \d niaisou du Gouvernour auquel il me
presinta. Le Baron de Longueuil n'etait encore que V'ice-Gouverneur
mais il attendaitcluKiue jour la promotion de France, 11 me re^ut plus
polinient et geuueusement ijue je no pourrais rexprimor, et ine montra
ties lettres du (iouverneur-Gi'naal a Ciut'bec, M, le Marquis de la Galis-
sonniore, qui meutionnait qu'il avait ronii des ordres tie la Clour de
France, pour })ourvoir a tons mes besoins dans mou voyage, aux frais
de sa Majeste Chretienue, etc, etc.

Les hommes ici sont extrimement polls tt saluent tout ceux qu'ils
rencontrent tlans les rues. Les tlamos et les hommes portent des
eventails dans les moments tie grande chaleur. La paix conclue re-
cemmcnt entre la France ot I'Angleterre fut proclamte anjourd'hui. Lts
soldats etaient sous les armes, les canons des remparts furent tin's et
accompagn^s de salvos oi de inousquetterie. Le soir on tira des feux
d'artifice et la ville fut illuminee. Les rues (itaient pleinos de monde.
Lo Gouverneur tn'invita a souper et a partager la joie des citoyens ; il y
avait cette reunion un grand n'ombre d'ofliciers et de personnes de dis-
tinction, etc., etc,

'28 Juillet. — Ce matin j'accompagne le Gouverneur, Baron de Lon-
gueuil et sa famille, a une lie appelee Ste-Helene, qui est sa propriety •
Elle est en facedo la ville et pres du cute oppose du fieuve, Le Gouver-
neur y a une tres jolie resilience avec un grand jardin precede d'une
cour ; sur I'ile se trouve un moulhi.

1II8T0RY OF MONTREAL.

n
o

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

ler Aout — Le Gouverneiir-GeiKral tin C'aimtla a iv'sidc orcliiiaire-
nioit A Qiii'bec, iiiais il viont souvent ii MoDtit'al, oi'i il |)asse I'liiver.
I'tMidaiit s(»ii s('J()iir i^ Moiidral il (Ituiieiiio dans co (lu'oii a|i))olIu " le
( hateau," (lui est uiio {^raiKJe inaison do ))ltnie, bati par le (Jouvonieur-
Gnieral de Vaudieuil, el appai-teiiHiit encore A ses descendants qiii le
louent an roi.

Montrc'al est la seconde ville en Canada (jnant ason I'tendneet sa ri-
eliesse : niaiselleest la i)remiiie ponr sa belle position et ladoncenr de son
eliinat. A qiielqneHlienesan-deHsusde la ville, le St-Lanrout.sediviseenpln-
sieurs blanches, ct lonneaiiisi |)lusieni'.s lies ))aiiui lesquelles I'ilede Mon-
treal est laplus grande. Kile est longue de dix lienes de France et large de
qnatre dans sa])lus grande largenr. l^a ville do Montreal est b;itie sur le
cote est de I'ile, le long de la j)lns considerable branclie du St. Laurent,
ce qui lend sa siiuation trcs belle et trcs avantageuse. La ville est
quadrr.ngulaire on jihitot c'est un imrallil')gvaninie rectangulaire qui se
tend le iUMg <lu lleuve; de I'autre cote est environnce de clian)j)s a blu
trcs ])roductirs. deju'aiiies cliarniantes et de bois ticsagn'ables. Elle a
pris son noru de JMontrtal d'une haute niontagne situoe ami deiui luille
a I'ouest de la ville, qui eleve f-a tele au-dessus des bois, — c'est J.
Carlier qui donna ce noni an s-ite loisqu'il le visita en ir);J5 ; line ville
indienne situee an ])ied s'njipela llochclaya. Les pretves, suivant leur
coutuiue de donner des nonis de saints a cliaque etablissenient apjielerent
Montreal du noni de Ville Maiie, niais ce i'ut le i)rcniier noni qui prevalnt.
C'est uue ville agrcable, bien loitiiiee, et entoun'e tie niuiailles eleve'es
et solides. Snr le cote est, elle est delendue par la riviere St Laurent,
et i)ar I'antre cote par un vallon juolond rcni))li d'eau qui protege la
ville contie toute suiinii-e de ia part des eniicniis. C ejieiidant elle ne
ponrrait i^oulenir un long siege, u caiuo de son etendue qui exige une
garuison ties roiubreuse, et ])arce q;. elle est comiicse'e surlout de
coiifetruetion en bois. Jl y a i)lusiers eglises painii lesquelles je men-
tionnerai d'abord celle qui aiJjiartient aux ])retres de St. Snlj)ice;
ensuite celle des Jesuites ; celle des peres Franciscaius, celle appartenant
a la Congregation, et celle de I'liopital. La preiture par les ornements
exterieiirs et interieurs, est de beaucoup la ))lus Le)le des e'glises de la
ville etnieiue de tout le Canada, lespietresdu seminaire de St. Sulpice
out uue grande residence, ou ils vivent en coruDiunaute'. Laniaisondes
Franciscains est sjmcieuse et tntonn'e de nnirs solides, niais elle n'est
pas si belle que la prt'cedente. Le college des Ji'snite est petit niais bien
bfiti. Chacune de ccs dtnieures a des grands jardins jiour Tagrtnieut et
I'usage des conimunautes anxquelles ils appaitiennent. Plusienrs des
niaibons de la ville sonten i)ierre, les autres en bois niais baties avecf-oin.
Les luaisons les plus considerables out des galeries sur la rue on Ton vient
s'asseoir le matin et le soir. Les rui^s sont longues, spacieuses. en ligne
droite et regulieres, coupees ii angles droits par les rues adjacentes,
quelques unes seuleiuent sont pavees. Les portes de la villes ont nom-
breuses ; il y en a cinq sur le fleuve dont deux sont tres grandes ; il y en a
aussi phisieurs sur I'autre cote de la ville.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

Le vendredi, il y a un join do marohu, les liabitaiits des environs
apportent leurs denns, et les gens tie la ville h<> i'ournisseut pour toute la
semaiiie, les indiens viennent ce jour lu en grand uombre dans la ville
pour vend re et ac-lieter.

La di'clinaison dc raiguJlle est de dix degn's 3<S minutes par la
boussole, M . Hillion, un des jirotres du st'minaire, qui a un gout parti-
culier pour les niatht'inaticjues et Tastronaniie, a des&int' un m<!'ridiea
dans le jardin du siniinaire qu'il m'a dit avoir exan)inti de jour et de
nnit et qu'il a trouvi' tros exa-t. J'ai coiupost'; ma boussole avec son
nu'ridien et j'ai tronvt' absolument la meme declinaiscm.

Suivant M. Billion, la latitude de Montreal est de 45 degres et 27
minutes.

Le voyageur se rend ensuite du Montreal Ti Qu^'-bec et il fait des
observations jntt'ressantes : il constate que toutes les rives du fleuve
('taient dijii occupies et en plein rapport, toutes les terres baties et ayant
leurs batiments d'exploitation, or il cerit en 1740, c'est ainsi qu'il s'ex-
prime.

" Le pays des deux cot^'S du fleuve, est tros agri'able et le bon etat
de la culture, ajoute beaucouj) a la beauti; du pays. On pent appeler
toutceparcoiirs, un village commeni;ant a Montreal et finissant a Quebec,
sur une ctenduede 180 rallies, car les maisons de ferme ne sont jamais h
plus de cinq arpents de distance les unes des autres, et souvent a trois
arpents. L'aspect de celte disposition est excessivement remarquable
surtout quanil la rivit're est en droite lifrne, jjarce qu'alors les maisona
semblent plus rapprochtes et prcsentent I'efl'et de I'aveuue d'un village.

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= ?■•;■:■'%>*. •^'■■VSI l5|?^?jtt-*

rA ii^^f '..v'l:-i;ii\-«>;Aui.4i .,. ''..■•t-iih.c...,.,.!.-jA

ORIGIN and HISTORY

OF TIIK

STREETS eF /nONTREAL,

The City Hall (Hotel de Ville) is one of the finest Buildings in the
City. It is of cut grey limestone and the site was originally a fine
garden. Here a vast amount of business is transacted, and when we
think of millions of money which it represents as trustee to the city we
may well be proud of our Civic Building.

IdST OF MAYORS

2^^ O ISr T R E A. Xj .

JACglKS VKiKi;.

The following List is a most interesting and correct one of the
Mayors of the City since its Incorporation, This List (thanks to the
Mayor) is the only complete and corrected L'st ever published and to
add to its being a unique List the portrait of the first Mayor]^ Jacques
Viger is given.

HISTORY OP MONTRliAL.

Jacques Viger

1833—1810

Peter McGill

1840—1843

Joseph Bourret

1843—1845

James Ferrier

1845—1847

John E. Mills

1847—1848

Joseph Bourret

1848—1849

E. R. Fabre

1849—1851

Chas, Wilson

1851—1854

"Wolfred Nelson

1854—1856

Henry Starnes

1856—1858

C. S. Kodier

1858—1862

J. L. Beaudry

1862—1866

H Starnes

1866—1868

W. Workman

1868—1871

C. J. Cournol

1871—1873

Frs. Cassidy

1873—1874

A. Bernard

1874—1875

W. Hingstou

1875—1877

J. L. Boaudry

1877—1879

S. llivard

1879—1881

J, L. Beaudry .

1881—1885

H Beaugrand

1885—1887

J. J. Abbott

1887-1889

Jacques Grenier

1889—1891

James McShane

1891—1893

Alphonse Desjardins

1893—1894

J. 0. Villeueuve

1894—1896

R. Wilson Smith

1896—1898

HISTORY OF MONTIIKAL.

SHORT NOTICES

SKETCHES OF THE MAYOR

ALDERMEN AND HEADS
OF

CliZIC DEPARTMENTS.

It' no notice except the name hero appears, the fault lies with the
individual himself not with the Author. Every Alderinau and Head
of Departments has either been written to or i)ersonnally approached and
if they declined to appear, that settled the matter.

HIS ^woi?.sh:i:p

R. WIliSON SfiBlTH, Esq.

No man who ever held the position of Chief Magistrate in this
Metropolitan city ever had such onerous official duties to discharge as the
present IVJayor during this Jubilee year of 1807, nor were ever such
duties performed with greater zeal, intelligence, or credit to the City.

Amongst the business men in Montreal, the Mayor stands in the
front rank. He is in touch with the soundest financial Concerns of
the country. His mind gra3i)s the value of the minutest details of
such undertakings, and he is always ready to lend his aid to whatever
tends to the development of the country, but above all to advance the
interests of his adopted City,

When one sees the M ayor's name as a supporter or director of any
business enterprise we may rest assured that before being placed there
all the details of the undertaking had been thoroughly gone into by
him.

Of the schemes regarding Rossland and Klondike and other ore
bearing localities, those are alone worthy of confidence that bear the
names of prominent business men and wary financiers, who would not
embark in any enterprise without the knowledge of its reliability, a

HISTOUY OF MONTH KAL.

remark which applies to the Kloiiilii<e Company of wliich Mayor R.
Wilson Smitii i^ a Director. Tho foufideiu-o shown in his judgment was
peen by liis bein^ entrnstod in Jannary 1S1);J l)y tho Moard of Trade
to float their mortRaKo bonds to tho extent of SoUO.OIIO. Tho loan was a
success being lloated at tlie lowest rate ever obtained for similar bonds
in Canada, lie has carried tiirongh successfully, some of tlio largest
loans in Canada.

Apart from his onerous dntios as Mayor of Montreal his private
business as a finimcior requires the closest attention. Iq this sphere lie
holds a conspicuous })laco, in which he has evinced talents of no
common order. His oiiKageinentH are numorous as President or Direc-
tor of a number of public companieH und institutions. Ho is President
of the Canada Accident Insurance Company; Director of the Montreal
Safe Deposit Companv; Director of tho Lachiuo Rapids Power and Light
Company; Trustee of tiio (iuanlian A'^suraiice Coinpvny; Director of
the Montreal-London UoM and Silver Development Company; lie holds
alsotlie office of Harbor Connuissioner, and is a member of tlio Protestant
School Board, a Life (Jovornor of the Montreal (r.ineral Hospital, of the
Protestant Hosj)ital for the Insane, and of .Notre Dame Hospital. His
judgment on financial ami insurance questions is so generally respected
that his opinion and advice on investments, and other affairs, are in
continual request.

He takes much interest also in the world of letters, being proprietor
and publislier of the Insurance and Finance Chronicle, which, for the
past sixteen years, under his management, has secured the highest place
amongst the financial Instuance journals of the Dominion. Some
years ago lie was elected I'resident of the Press Association of the
Province of Quebec.

The esteem in wliich he is held by liis fellow citizens is sliown by
his having been twice elected by acclamation to rejiresent the St.
Lawrence Ward in the City Council, and chosen also by acclamation as
Mayor of tliis, the Commercial Metropolis of Canada.

Although .so busily occupied with private and public duties he is
always ready to lend a willing ear to the appeals of the oppressed and
suffering. No widow or orphan ever apjilied at tlie Mayor's office in
vain. The city clergy of all the churches liear of many of his acts of
charity and benevolence which are unknown to tlie public. The
industrial classes know the Mayor to be their friend. He exemplifies
what is said in tlie dedication of this work that, "A generous and
sympathetic heart beats under a true and loyal Irish breast." Mayor
Wilson Smith was born in Ireland in 1852, and came to Canada in 1878.
He is one of the youngest men ever elected Chief Magistrate of this city.
Long may iie be spared to utilize his energy and talents in promoting the
interests of his fellow citizens, and helping the progress of this Canada of
ours, with which he has cast in his lot,

HISTORY OF MONTIIKAL

UAYMONIJ 1-". I'KHI'ON'rAINK.

insTOKV OF MONTKKAh.

Raymond F. Prefontaine, Esq., Q, C„ M. P.

NEXT MIYOH OF MONTREAL

It iilTonlH !iie iiiiich plmiHuro to pliii-e liH portrnit unci this short
Hkutcii in my work iis the woll known Chairman <ji' the Road CoiiiiuitteH
of th« City of Montreiil and at that part wliicli treats moro particularly
of "Tlio (>riKin and History of tlio Stroets of Muntroal."

No man has done moru than lie has, in makiiiK these Streets of to-day
and if certain jiarties object to the lar^e expenditure for street improve*
ment and the result Ih not wliat they think should be— let tliem recollect
that the Streets of Montreal are not now like those of 30 years ago or
even of If) years a^o. The Road Committee and he. in ))articular, merit
all praise handicapped as they have been ijy Legislature Enactments,
Companies' Rights and such like actually to liave made the Streets of
Montreal what tliey are to-day.

Mr. Prefontaine was Ijorn at Longueuil. lie is descended from one
of the oldest families in the Province. His ancestors settled in what wan
called New France as far back as 10(50. Trained in the Jesuit's College
he graduated in McOill University and in 1S73 was called to the Bar of
the Province, receiving the degree of M. C. L.. the same year from McGill.-
He is now one of the leading Advocates of the CJity. Entering politics
he, at the General Elections of 1875, carried his county, though only 21
years of age, against overwhelming odds. Having been beaten in the
general elections of 1878 tlirough the over confidence on the part of
his electors, he contested his adversary'.s election Dv Martel and having
unseated him, Mr. Prefontaine was re-elected in 1870. In 18S1
he was again defeated. On Hochelaga being annexed to Montreal,
Mr. Prefontaine as Mayor of tliat Village became one of the Aldermen
of the City. In 1880 he again ran for Chambly as the Nationalist
Candidate and after one of the hottest contests was elected, This was a
by-election and before he could take his seat the Federal Elections came
on and he had again to iiglit the battle, whicli he did successfully.
At the next General Federal Elections lie was again elected. He is one
of the most popular members of the House of Commons. Although he
does not speak often, wlien he doe.s — marked attention is always paid to
him and his remarks are elfective. Ho has ever been the friend of the
laboring classes and one of the best things to them was brought about by
him in obtaining the Law that only half of tlieir wages can be seized for
debt. He is extremely popular with all parties and henc<i he has
acquired the high cognomen of "Rex. Prefontaine." May the joint
exertion of the Road Committee ultimately result in Montreal having as
good streets and public ways as any city in the American Continent.

lUsroUY OK MO.NTKKAL

Alderman RAINVILLE Q.C., M LA..

Mr. Raiiivillo whh boni at Sto. AiikuIo ilu Maniidir in IH.'i. lie was
ediicatiul at tli(^ ("i)ll»K»» of f^t llyacintlio ami Sto. Mario do Maiiaolr
and paMsoil a lirilliaiit caroor in Ixitii. Ilo thoii stiidiod Law iindor tlio
latoaiul colfbratod .losopli hoiitra, and Kraduatod nt Mcliill University
In 1«7.*J. Ho was admitted t«i thi; Mar of (inobec Uth Jan. 1H74. II »
practirod for nonujyoars with Ids brotlit»r, tlio lato.lndKu ll.iinvillo, and is
now tUo head of tho nxtonsivo Law llrm of Hainvillo, Artihanibault .V
OervalH. Mr. Ardianibaidt at present holds tlie responsible ofllce of
Attorney (ienoral in tho Mart-hand (iovornnient at Quebec ani is one of
tho best that over held the reins of that high oilice in the Koverniuent
of our rrovinco.

Mr. Kainville was elected Alderman for tlie Centre Ward of Montreal,
1st March ISH'i and has always been re-elected sineo. h'or six years hu
was ('hairniau of tlie Liplit (onnnittoe and is now the T'liairman of the
most important ('ominitteo, tho Finance.

He has al^jo been connected with tho Schotjls of the city, having been
a mond)or of tlie H. C. IJoard of Commission for some years, Kntering
politics, he was returned for division No. li in Montreal t(, tlie Provincial
Parliament in .lune I'^DOandhas over since recoivod tho respect and
support of his constituents. lie is still au iionorable member of the
Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

Alderman BEAUSOLEIL Q.C., M.P..

Was born at St. Felix, do Valois in I'^l.'). and was educated at Bertliier
Academy and Joliette ( 'ollege. Arrived in Montreal in 1804, he studied
Law in t'lo oiVice of Messrs IJelanger and Desnoyers.

In 18(J() his love ft)r politics induced him to enter journalism. lie
wrote ftu- L'Ordro then L'Fvenemont. In l^'tJH he became one of the
Editors of LeNouveau Monde, undei .Joseph Royal and by the brilliancy
of his writings wa.s oloct(id chief editor in 1870, which position he held for
two years, when he established with the well known L. C). David, the
paper so favorably known as Le Bien Pupblic.

In 1877 Mr lieausoleil became an oflicial assignee, continuing so till
1880 when he resumed his legal studies and was admitted to the Bar
the same year.

A few months after, be entered into partnership witli the late Premier
Honon ble Ilonorc Mercier. Tiie firm was Mercier, Boau.soleil, Choquette
and Marti neau. lie was elected iu 1882 as Alderman for St. James
W^ard, He was re-elected in 1885 by acclamation. His principal works
as Alderman, are tho repeal of the Abattoir Monopoly, and the Statute
Labor Tax, and the annexation of llochelaga and St. Jean Baptiste Wards
to the city. In 1807 lie was elected member of the Hou.se of Commons
for the County of Berthier, and has been in Parliament ever since. He
is a stnnch <''h.u:-chTnnn, and flovnted to h-s C3v.r.tr7'aud i)r.rty. As an Al'ilor-
man his past record speaks ior itself.

HISTORY OF MONTH KAL

Alderman BHUNET.

Wrh born at St. Vincent de F^aul. IHMI. H - rcoelvod a Hoiind
elt'iuontary nliu-ation, and at tho aK« of IX a-tHoi'inttvl liitusolf with a
firm of contractors in Montreal. In 1870 he be^an the in innPacttire of
bricl<-', which hnHinean Iuih developed to an enormous extent, chiuHy
owinK to bin encr^^y in wurlvin^ out the detaih. Ills fh-Mt introdinttion
to bnsincMH wan accoinjtanicd l)y the uhuhI dinicuities, but his biHinesH
tact and ability, aoon overcame them, and his tranHactionii increased
beyuud bin nioHt Hangnine anticipatioiiN. He in excDcilinKly popular,
with hiu own immediate worknion, and hi<4 ^'tiH^t'oiH kindness is much
appreciated by the population ol' the Kist Knd. The lal)(>rinK nien
of the city have always found in him a warm Hympatbi/er and
advocate of their grievances. Hesides bis brick business, Mr. Hriinet
has been en^aKcd in many otliur commercial transactions. He is a
director of several buildini; and rjiiiway enterprises. With a strong
feeling of patriotism he organised a company to build a road at Montfort
which traversed a most fertile region and has been extremely beneficial
to the settlers. He afterwards became jjresidont «)f t. is road. He was
one of the founders and directors of the St. Gabriel de lirandou
Railway, and has always interested himself in the work of coloni/.ation
He Is an active director of th) Montre/il Exposition Co., and a
member of the Chamber do Commerce since IHDi, He is a leading
member of several building organiicatious and of the Unions St. Pierre
and St. Jo"eph.

Her ced public life in 1872, being elected for St. Louis Ward

in t' ipal Councils. He retired of his own accord in 1878, and

fl\ later was chosen to represent St. .lamos Ward, which seat he

hat ^itined ever since. He is a prominent member in several Commit-
tees, and his valuable services were duly recognized by being elected
by hiH constituents, in 1894, by the largest majority ever polled by a
candidate for civic honors. His consistent attention to his municipal
duties has been properly appreciated by his confreres in the City
Council by appointing him their representative on the Catholic Board of
School Commissioners. His services to the citi/.'3ns generally, cannot be
over-estimated.

In politics Mr. Brnnet is a Liberal, From ]890 to 1892 he represent-
ed the St. James Ward in the Provincial Legislature, and his curt
precise business speech' s always commanded respect and attention, All
his operations have been conducted and brought to success by untiring
energy, business tact, and sound common sense.

HISTUKY OP MUNTUEAL.

Alderman GROTHE.

Mr. (iri)tlii' was lioni. ISjM. |{u w.is udiu^iitoil at tlin ('liristlnii KrOa
tlitTH' Scliool ill (lie St. Laurttncu ^Waril. liUaviiiK ncIkhiI Ijm worit to
learn tlie trtidu of n workiiiK ju\vt<llur under the Instrut'tionH uf hin
father, (lis at'(ur Hkill In woi-kiiinnsliip anil arthtic tasti) very notm
placed hlni in tlitt front rank of coinpi^titors. In IS77, Ito had K'^inud
siifh a position as to unable him to establish a wliolesale jewelry st4ire
on Kortillcation lane, where he worke<l and tlistrlbuted a considerable
part of the jewelry that was used in the citv n.n<l cfjiuitry. His busi-
ness incTeaNed to such an ext»'nt th it in 1^H(I he removed his factory to
O.'i St. Lawrence Street, where ho took hin brother, A A. Urothj, into
|)artnerNliip.

Aid. Orothi'' is a fair nample of those inun who by tlieir enor^y and
intelllKtMice, in the course of time become wealthy, and ac(pdre Chat
position anuiUK their fclIow-<'itizenH that should bo tlio aim of every
workiuKnianin this democratic country of ours, where honor in bestowed
upon those to whom it is due, and where honesty and perseverance are
always sure to be triumphant.

Aid. (irotho has been a hearty supporter of tiie various benevolent
clubs founded in the city, and is an active oflicer of the St. Joseph, St.
Pierre and the Artiz-aus Soeiet'es, and during I Hid-?);' acted as I'resident
of the St. Jean Haptisto Society. In 1HU.\ ho w.is nominated by the
citi/.cns of the St. Jean-Haptisto Ward to represent them in the City
Council. Although suffering from illness and unable to do the usual
canvassing, he was triumphantly elected b> a large majority.

Alderman LAPORTE.

Hormidae Lai)orte, of tlie firm of Laporte, Martin & Cio., vvliolesale
Grocers, St. Peter Street, was born 1850, at Lachine.

He received his education at ihe village scliool, and came, in 1S66, to
Montreal, where he attended MolTatt's Night Scliool, tluis evincing, at
the very outset of his life, the spirit of energy and worthy ambi
tion which has carried him on his successful career.

After four years, he entered into commercial life, and he took a
place as clerk in a retail grocery and during the autumn of the same
year, he started, a grocery on his own account.

This business prospered so well on his hands, that in 1881 hesold
ont and began a wholesale grocery and provision establishment, which
increased so wonderfully, tliat seven years later, he took as partners
J. B. A. Martin and J. O. Boncher. In ' the tirm was again augment-
ed by the addition of two other partners.

■ISfWTV^

b'i

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

It is uow twenty-livo yoars since thi'< Monrisliinp: house was estab-
lished, and its staiidinj? today is one of the bi'st in tlio city The
direction of every detail, has always been luider tlie control and niannK«-
ment of tlie members of the firm, and the confidence w ith which they
were enabled to ins|)ire the public contriijuted not a little to tlieir
triumph. Thf^y t>mpl()V, fifty assistants, and live travellers rejiresent
on the road the inter sts of the house. Mr. Laporte has been for years
treasurer, president, ...id warden of the Cougi'eKatU)ns and of the different
charitable institutions of the parish of St. Joseph. He is Past-I'resident
of tlie I'nion St. Vincent, aiul President of the Alliance National, and
Past-Treasurer and President of the Association of St. Jean Baptiste,
Section St. Joseph,

Mr, Laporte is a member of the H >ard of Trade, and of tlie
Wholesale Grocers' Association, Ho was also one of tlio promoters of
the Cliambre de Commaree. He was for two years Vice-President of
the Chamber, and President for the same length of time. He has been
since ISDS a Justice of the peace, Director of the Merchants' Telephone
Company, and ("ouncillor and Mayor of Dorin Village ( Vaudreuil Station),
where he resides iu summer. He is a Harbor (Jommissioner.

Alderman COST IG AN.

He was born in Montreal in ISOO, educated at tlie U\fr]\ Scliool and
entered on t' e study of Law, but owinj? to ill h(>alth he had to abandon
all study — after regaining better health, heeuteivd into partnership with
his brother, succeeded to the business of their father in ISSl. He joined
the third \ ictoria Rifles in \^~7 and after serving twelve years, got a
Commission in the Montreal Brigade of (iarrision Artillery and rose to
the position of Caj)tain and Adjutant. He t en transferred to the third
Field Battery of Artillery under Lt. CoJ. Stevenson and succeeded to the
rank of Major commanding in 1897:

He was elected Alderman for St. Antoine Ward in IHOH and re elected
twice since by acclamation was elected a member of thi* Protestant
Board of School Commissioners in 1894 and re-elected iu 1897.

Ool. STEVENSON.

Is one of the best known men of Montreal. No wonder lie should
possess qualities wliicli have made him such. His motlier was Janet
Frances Allan cousin of the Immortal Burns and sister tf) the late Capt.
Allan and Aunt to our well known citizens the late Sir Hugh Allan and
the present head of the Allan Line Mr Andrew Allan. —

The Col. arrived in Canada in 1816. In 18.53 he established the
printing firm of Messrs. Owler <Sc Stevenson publishing "The Sun "and
for some years " McKay's Directory " now merged for years past in
•• Lovell'.-."

HISTOnVOF MONTREAL

hlSTOHY OF MONTREAL.

Afterward tlie Co\. carried on the business alone. In 1871) it was
merged into tlie "Montreal J'rintiiif? Co." —

In 1861 ho was elected Councillor for the West Ward and Cliairinan
of the Fire Alarm Telegraph CoiiMtruction Committee — whilst Counfillor
he niado the first motion to acquire the Mountain as a Public Park.
Very great opposition was raised but it became a fact. Retiring from
the Council in 1807 he was again elected Alderman for his old Ward and
has ever since been in the Council. He is then the father of the Council
of Montreal.

In 188(5 he was made the Cliairman of the Fire Committee and ever
since has strived to make this most important branch the finest in America
and truly. ** Secundus NuUi. "

But perhaps as a Military man the Col. is best known to the citizens
of Montreal having been for years the pojjular Commander of the "Field
Battery " from which he retired some years ago. With both the Cale-
donian and St. Andrew's societies, he has been long connected.

Alderman ARCHAMBAULT.

Was born in 1852. He like so many others who have made their
mark in Montreal, was educated at the Brother's School and afterwards
at the Montreal College. When quite young he started business with
his brothers in 1879 at 1458 Ste. Catherine Street. Their store soon
became one of the most frequented Dry Goods eatablishmeuts in the
City.

He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. When the late Alder-
man Dupuis made the Ward vacant Mr. Archambault was elected by
acclamation to fill his place. He has ever attended to the wants of the
Ward " St. James" and been a faithful and energetic servant to his
constituents and ever foremost in advocating, every thing to the
advantage of that part of the City in which he resides.

Alderman SAVIGNAC

Was born at Berthier in 1849- He was educated at the Jacques
CartJer Normal School where so many of our business men, as well as
professional have received their education under the guidance of one
of the most erudite men of the country.

This is sliown in Mr. Savagnac becoming In 1868 both Principal and
Professor of St. ' esaire Academy. Resigning this position he came to
Montreal, and entered business with F. Drapeau as Tinsmiths, Roofers
and Plumbers. When the firm dissolved partnership, he opened an
office as an Accountant. Ten years ago lie was elected for St Louis

HISTORV of MONTREAL.

Ward as Alderman whi--h lie has represented ever since, there by
demonstrating the great hold he has on the electors of that ward. He
is a member and a useful one of the Chamber of Commerce and belongs
to several Committees of the City Hall. We hope that he will long
continue to represent the ward.

Alt'erman DUPBE, M. P.

Very few of our Aldermen attain to the high distinction of being at
the same time an Alderman of Montreal and Member of the House ('f
Commons at Ottawa.

Alderman Dupri) was born at Vercheres in IH4'2 and wag educated
there. After his leaving School and College ' e came to Montreal at the
age of 28. Thtre he started business as a Wood Merchant in company
with Mr. Cliausso, which is s ill continued in the East End on St.
Catherine street. He has been an excellent member of theCivic Board and
always ready to advance everything connected with his ward and his
political career has secured him the confidence of his constituents.

Alderman MAEITNEAU.

Was born in 1858. He was educated at Ste Mary's College where he
passed a successful curiculum and from which well known Institute he
entered McGill College and graduated in Law in 1879.

In 1881 he entered into partnership with the late Premier of Quebec,
the Honorable H. Mercier — thj firm being styled, Mercier, Beausoleil,
Choquette & Martineau.

After the death of the chief he continued pi'actice with success and
wap lately elected to represent St. Denis Ward in the affairs of the City.

Mr. Martineau is an example of a persevering and pushing man who
yet will come to the front rank in political and civic affairs and though
of a retiring disposition yet has the true vim and enthusiasm and he
will make himself heard in the meetings of the Council.

. L. O. DAVID, Fsqr City Clerk,

Was born at Sault aux Recollet in 1840 and educated in the College
of Ste. Therese. He studied law with the lateJudge Mousseau and became
his partner until he was admitted to the Bar. He established in c(m-
junctiou with him and Mr. Desbarats, the well known i)eriodical
Jj Opinion Puhlique. Retiring from that journal he established along with
Mr. Beausoleil the Bien Public. By tlieir articles they caused the fail of
the Ouimet Government. He left the Bien Public in 1876 on account of his
views on protection, which he considered would be a good thing
for Canada for 10 or 15 years to come. At the ml of that period, he

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

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History op montrral.

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chanKed his vIowh and became a Free Trader with the United States and
all otlier countrios.

But it is as a literary man that Mr. David is best known to the
readinK public of Canada. His great work after he left the Bien Puhlic
was his well known liook on tlie Rebellion of 1837-8 and called " Les
Patriotes." From tliat work I have received more than once immense
benefit and help in writing uj) my Histor;; of the Montreal Jail for 110
years and I must take this ojiportunity of thanking him publicly for his
endorsation of that work. He kindly wrote these words to me aneut
my researches of that period both in the Vaults of the Court Flouseand
Records of the Prison. "J'ai lu avec le plus grand inti'ifit le livre que
vouH veupz (le publier sur les cvoneraents de 1837-8. Vous aves: le raorite
d'avoir fait connaitre una foule de dotails et de documents otticiols relatifs
a ces c'enements,"

Mr. Daviil also published a valuable work entitled ** Porti'aits and
Riographie.' < f well kuov.n ('anadians.

In 1880 he was nominated to the Local House of Parliament for
Quebec for the division of Montreal Fast but refused re-election in 1890.
He has for years been the President of the St. Jean Raptiste Society and
was greiitly instrumental in getting erected the Monument National— in
St. Lawrence street. — For the past few years he has been the City Clerk
and by his lore and legal knowledge has greatly aided all those who
have come in contact with him ever on the "qui vive" to advance any-
thing beneficial to Montreal or his native Province.

COL., (Chief) HUGHES.

\Vas born in 1817 at Ste. Therese. Ilis father was an Advocate and
Clerk of tlie Peace. He was educated at ^icolet College and admitted
a Notary in 1873 and called to the Bar of Queboc in IH81. He first
practiced with Honorable (now Judge) Ouiniet. Afterwards he was for
ten years Deputy Clerk of tlie Peace and Clerk of Licenses for the City.
Having resigned these ai)pointments he became Brigade Major of No. 6
Military District. In 1880 he was made Major of the 05th Battalion and
a Brevet Lieutenant Colonel.

When tlie North West Rebellion broke out he Avaived his rank and
went as Major of his old corps to the west which he commanded at
the engagements of Frenchmen's cut May 28, 1885. He was recommended
by General Middleton to be a full Colonel for his actions in the
engagements.

He was appointed Chief of Police of Montreal April 1888, and ever
since lias been assiduous in looking after the welfare of his men. benefit-
ting them by all possible means. He was the mainspring in getting tlie
Benefit Fund organized, which has done so much good in the past
both to the men of the force and their families.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

He in Hprung from a H^liting race, liis great gratid-fatlier bulongHd
to tlie Canadian Peiieibles and hU Krand-father to tlie 7Hth I liKhlandHrH.
His Uncle fell at the Battle of Lacolle iu the war of IMT^.

The Chief is a fine specimen of a tine raco who liave done their
duty to their King or C^iieeu and country,

J. 0. A. L/ FOEEST, Superintendent W.ter Worli

His fatlier was born in 1807 at Joliettb Que; and father was Pierre
Laforest, Superintendent of Joliette Water Works; He was educated at
Joliette College and .ifter followed a course of (Jivil Engineering at the
Polytechnic School of Montreal, where he'graduated with honors in IH«7.
He was appointed first Asst. Engineer of the Montreal and Lake Maskin-
onge Ry. where he continred to the spring of 1888. He then entered as
first asst. Engineer of tho Great Northern Ry. In July 1889 he was
appointed Deputy Supt. of the Montreal Water Works, and in May 1895
Acting Supt of the same, In December 18&0 ho was appointed Super-
intendent of the M. W. V^orks at the age of 29,

E. McMAHOIT, Coroner of Montreal.

Was born at the pretty Village of Ste. Rose in 1 852. He was
educated like so many otliers at the Montreal College. Having passed
successfully througli that institution, he entered McGill University and
after taking the course of liaw with honor and success graduated from
that centre of Learning in 1892. After the death of the late well known
Joseph Jones who for some years was Coroner of Montreal Mr. McMahon
was appointed in his place, which situation he now fills to the entire
satisfaction of all the citizens.

Residing in the Town of Westmount a suburb of Montreal, he was
appointed the Recorder of that Municii ality and his judicial decisions
meet with the entire favor of the inhabitants of that important place.

Mr. McMahon is one of our best musical men in the city, and this is
shown by his being the Leader of the Choir of the Notre Dame Church
where he has abundance of opportunities to display his talent,

B. H. OABPENTEB, Ohief DeteotiTd.

We cannot say anything regarding our most efficient Chief Detective
without speaking of the last Institution in which he was the presiding geniu?.
This Agency was established some years ago and has built up for itself a great
business throughout the whole Dominion. It is under Government Patronage,
and the subject of our sketch remained its chief manager until he was lately
promoted to be the Chief Detective of the City of Montreal. He has had
years of experience and is a shrewd, quick and successful professional, as h.TS
been seen since he took the reins of office of his Department at the City Hall.

HiHToftY 0I^ moi^trp:al.

He was born in Argenteuil, 1854 ; and attended the common school in the
County until 16, when he went to Ottawa and attended certain studies there.

He jf)ined theC'ity Police Force in 1880 and soon was promoted Sergeant,
and afterwards placed in the Detective Department.

Here he remained until 1890 when he resigned on being appointed
Detective by the Provincial Government of Quebec with the privilege of going
into partnership with Mr. John A. Grose who was then connected with the
Canadian Secret Service.

He was partner with Mr. Grose until 1893 when Mr. Grose left to take the
management of the Dominion Burglary Guarantee Co. and he continued the
management and direction of the Canadian Secret Service Agency until
December 1896 when he was appointed to take charge of the City Detective
Department.

During the time he was in ihe Government Service and connected with the
Canadian Secret Service Agency he had busine.ss for the Government and
large Corporations in Canada, which necessitated his travelling all over Canada,
the United States and through Cuba and Mexico.

He has been connected during the last fifteen years with the most
important criminal' cases in this country, and it is a fact that he has always
been very successful.

Z. BENOIT, Chief t f Fire Brigade.

Was boru at St. Jean Chrysostome. He was educated at the Public
School of that place and after finish lug his studies started life as a clerk
iu a grocery establishment in 1875.

One of the most useful acts of Mr. Benoit's life was his organization
of tlie St. Henri Police and Fire Brigade, which he raised to a high state
of excellence. When the office c f ( hief of the Fire Brigade of the City
of Montreal became vacant, he was appointed in 18H8 to fill the respon-
sible office which he has ever done since to the satisfaction oftho citizens
at large and especially to the Fire Insurance Companies. This is
evidenced by the many donations sent to him in aid of the Fireman's
Fund. Like the chiefs who have preceded him— he is really the right
man iu the right place.

J. E. DORE.

Was born at the old Village of Laprairie iu 1857. He was educated
at the Montreal College. After this when quite young he spent several
years in the United States, but like many others finding that he could
live as well in his native country he returned to Canada and settled in
Montreal where he established the company of Dore A Charbonnez.

Being appointed Sanitary Engineer he has fulfilled the duties of that
most important ofHce to tlie satisfaction of all concerned and on him
devolves much of the health of the citizens, as regards everything
belonging to the Sanitary arrangement of their bouses.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

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Si I.I.I IS M,iiAUi-;
E O. CHAMPAGNE, Inspector of Boi'ers.

Mr. CJiampagnt! wa.H bom at Sorol. ami is now rorty-six ytiars oi"
a(?fl. He received his education I'roni the ('hri.stian IJrotliers in his
native town, and coiiinu'nccd Ids business career in 1I^(J;*>.

In l'S72 lie obtained a lirst-ciass certilicate of Mechanical Knj^ineer-
ing. beinp the first Krencii-Canatlian who iiati sou>,'ht and obtained that
distinetion, since tluj coiuniencenitnit of the Department in 1S5U. He is
J'rosident of the Association of Hoiler Insj)ectors of the United States
and Canada. He is a practical engineer, and holds to-iiay tlie respon-
Hible position of IJoiler lnsj)ector of the ( ity of Montreal, and Kxamlner
of persons seeking eni|)loyment in the Department under his surveillance.
It is a i)osition of trust, itHiuiriuK painstakiuK care and skill, and for
the task coimuitted to his charge he is eminently litted.

It is a grave, and we might say, in this connection, a jirosaic work
in which he 18 engaged, and it is tl\ereforo with a natural sur))rise
that the stranger learns that Mr. ( hampagne is a noted sportsman. He
is acknowledged on all liands to be a lirst-class marksman, and i", in
fact, the best snapshot in tlie Dominion.

Among tlie experts employed in trying and testing tire-engines and
pumps in the City of Montreal, lie is chief. He was responsble during
the trial of the Wortliington pumps with a capacity of fifteen million
gallons, the first engine of the kind used in the city.

He gained the prize given by the Club de Chasse etde HCche du
Chenal du Moine at the inauguration of their Club House ; the money
prize given by Mr. Costen for the best marksman of the Province ; also
another prize, given by the Association of Meclianical Engineers, for
the best shot. Mr, Champagne's career as a steamboat engineer
extends over a period af fourteen years, during which time he ploughed
through the waters of the St. Lawience. Ottawa and Richelieu Rivers,
Lake Champlain and the Upper Lakes, and two seasons on the Gulf of
St. LaAvrence.

HIHTOIIV OF MONTUEAL.

P^J^ ^Jf^,

'j^

XTbc public Squares

MONTRET^L.

^ i- ■ — ; •»■'

DOMINION SQUARE, was aequiml by pmvli iso in U7;J
fromGiltuan Clietioy and (others and was formerly tliu II )iu m Catliolic
Burying Ground.

CHAMP d© MARS» i*^ the property of tlie Dominion Govern-
ment.

DUFFERIN SQUARE, was acquired from the Trustees of the
Protestant Burying Ground in 1871.

DALHOUS'E SQUARE, \vas obtained from the Imperial
Government in 1823 and waa wiped out by the now C. P. 11. Station in
1894.

PLACE D'ARMES SQUARE, Previous to 1845, the Place
was not enclosed. In 1845 the ground was levelled, a carriage way was
paved around it and an Iron fence was erected.

ST. JAMES SO'.'ARF. ««« ncrinired by the Tity, flboi^t the

year 18 JU.

HISTORY OK MONTREAL.

JACQUES CARTIER SQUARE, botweon N<.tro Damo and
St, Paul streutN was opuneJ proviuiH to the Incorporation of the (.'it/
(1840), and betwuen St. I'aul and ('oiumissioueM Strot'ts wnn oponud
previuuH to 1H8(S. rlih Hcinare won given to the City for the purpoue
of being used hn a I'ublie Market.

CUSTOM HOUSE SQUARE, ^v<l« purchased from Mr. Wm,
Dow previonn to IHKl, bv a resolution of Council (lSU2j it Is now

cHiied, LA PLAC£ ROYALE.

PARTHENAIS SQUARE, was formed and ni vcadaiuisod in
184S. In 1858 a piece of ground was pnrcha.Hed from Ir. McUill for the
purpose of Htraighteniug the N. E. side.

HAY MARKET. ^^'^'^ pnruhaned from the Geutlemeu of the
Seminary in 1S05.

PAPINEAU SQUARE, waH opened previous to 1815 and was
called Queen's Square ; it is now called Pai>ineau Avenue, since July IHVO,
by a resolution of Council.

VIGER SQUARE, was obtained iu 1M44, the greatest portion of it
gratuitously ceded in 1S44 by Messrs. \'iger and Lacroix; other portions
being acquired at different dates, the latest acquisition, having been
made by expropriation in 1802.

WESTERN SQUARE, was acquired by the City in 1870.

1844.

RICHMOND SQUARE, was opened previous to the year

VICTORIA SQUARE, the greatest portion of this Square was
acquired in 1H41 and was called Commissioners Square, lu 1HH8 a piece
of land was expropriated at the corner of St. James street for the exten-
sion of said square.

PHILLIPS SQUARE, was ceded to the City by Alfred Phillips
Esq. in 1842.

BEAVER HALL SQUARE, was ceded to the City by Alfred
Phillips Esq. in 1842.

BELLERIVE SQUARE, is city property since 1803.

UIHTORY OF MONTUKAL.

ST. LOUIS SQUAhE, was pmvluvHiul by the City iu 184H, for
the purpuHM o( NtipplyiiiK tho City with water.

ST. GABRIEL SQUARE, wnHncqulml hy tlie city in 180?.
CHERIER SQUARE, waH acquired by the City in 1870,

ment.

ST. PATRICK SQUARE, I'olcngH to the Dominion Govern

LOGAN PARK, ••'* t''** property of tlio Doukiiiion (Jovornraont
MOUNT ROYAL PARK, was acquired from 1872 to 1875.

(II

HISTOIIY OF MONTUKA^I*

UlSTURY OF MUNTUBAL.

Alderman HABPEB.

The Hiihjitct of thi> skotcli IlkoMo many of tliniii who Ipivm nvuln tliolr
rnnrk in < iituiilii in a niitive born ScotHiuiiii, llu whs bofii in AyrH||ir«,
the iMtul of MuriiH in tliu year lK;i2.

He t'rtiuB to Canaila with tlin family when ho was quite a youth.
After Nonio yoars of luii-il work li>« stiirtod on liis own i*esponsil)ilitlu<4 In
buHlnuHH and it is nMi)(ili«4H to say. that by his taot, enet'Ky ntiil into^rlty
In the Hamn, he has Ixiilt up one of the lar^eHt and best known hou^eH
not 111 Montroal only liiit tht'ouKhout the Dominion. 'I'iiis was twenty-
five years a^o and ever sincie Mr. Harper has steadily advanced.

He wan elected to represent tlie St. Ijiiwrence Ward in I 'U.I and has
been one of the moMt enerKetie of the City Kathers at their (Jouneil and
Committee ineutin^s, acting NometimuH as Deputy .Mayor. Hu In also a
Member of the Doard of Traile and a (lovernor of the (ienoral HoHpital.

Alderman McBRIDE,

He 1h another of our Aldermen who Is a native of Montreal, having:
been born in the (ity in ISIJ). Me was educated in Montreal and after
paHsinff throufjfli his studioH entered business and is now one of the moHt
important firms of the city.Vipond, McHriile tSc Co., wholesale fruits. His
career sliows what push and capacity can do even for any one determined
to Hucceed. This is hIiowu in his havin(< been elected by his fellow <ut,i/,ons
to represent tliem aH Alderman for the West Ward, which position he
has f«)r years done, to tlie satisfaction ot all, they having always elec^ted
liim by acclamation. He in also one of the tiiree Aldermen who represent
the Protestant Hc^hool CommiHsiou of the Protestant .Scho(»l.s of the City
and duriuK Win incumbency (winch it may be for lonnr in the future)
he haw Heen the work of education extend on all sides and some of the
finest educational structures on the Continent built under his regime and
that of his confreres. The Hifjh School and Aberdeen School are instauces
of tile progress of tlie Protestant School Commissioners.

Alderman SADLER.

Was born in 1S5"2 and educated at the Model School of Montreal. He
commenced business in IHTOvvithT. Kobin in the leather belt manufactur*
iuK, in which he is engaged to this day. He was one of the original
movers in the Montreal Exposition and has been an active Director of
that important Institution since its inception. He is also a Life Member
of the M ontreal General Hospital and Verdun Protestant Hospital for
the Insane and Vice President of the Caledonia Curling Club.

He was elected Alderman for St. Antoine Ward in 1870, and still
represents it in the Council.

The present firm is Sadler and Haworth, one of the best known firms
in the Dominion in their lino of business.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

Alderman JACQUES.

He was born at Loiifjiiouil, opposito Montreal, in the county of
Chanubly, ISOl. He attended tlie Longueuil I'ollege and passed a satis-
i'actory career in tliat Institution, al'terwar Is enterinjf as a pupil St.
Joseph's Commercial Academy and passing tlirough all its courses.

He then began the same business as his Father, being very necessary
to him in liis energy and application and at last succeeded to the entire
control of it. So conservative is Alderman Jacques (though a strong
Liberal) tliat he still resides in the same place in which his father lived
for the past twenty-two years.

He was elected by his fellow citizens in 1801 to represent tlieiii in
the Countil and so effectually has he done so, that he has been always
re-elected since. He lias ever striven to benefit that part of tlie city
over which he presides and in the Council has always been an active and
progressive member. In all governmental and municipal measures he
has ever stood on the side of reform and his influence lias more than
once been felt in the meetings of the ( ouncil.

Alderman KINSELLA.

Was born at St. Columba, County of Two Mountains, December, lS4!i.
He came to Montreal wlien a mere boy and embarked in the giocery
business where he was employed for a number of yk.ars. Being of an
enterprising disposition he decided to go into busiue.ss on his own account.
In his new venture he had umboimded success, so much so that after
.seven years he decided to build a larger store to supply the demands of
his trade. In 1S81 he moved into his own block at the corner of Ottawa
and Shatnion Sts., where success again crowned his efforts, and was, after
seven yjiars of continuous hard work, able to retire, yet, he was never
happy unless engaged in some pursuit and after one year of rest, during
which time he visited tlie old country he decided to embark in the livery
and sale stable business, as lie always had a strong fascination for well
bred horses and trotting stock. The result was the formation of tlie pHrt-
nership of Starr and Kinsella, and the building of one of the largest sale
stables in Canada, situated on Mansfield St. He is at present agent for
Wm. Dow & Co., of tliis city.

Mr. Kinsella is an extensive property holder in St. Ann's and St.
Antoino Wnrds. He isa member of the Crocers and Real Estate As.socia-
tions and also I'resident of the Irish Catholic Benefit Society and the
C. M. B. A, Association. He was elected Alderman for Ste. Ann's Ward
in 1890.

HISTORY OP MONTREAL,

Aldorman CHARPeNTIER.

Was born in Montreal in 1 H59 and received his education at the St.
James School of " Leg Frfires de la Doctrine Chr^tiennes," after which he
started in business as a Contractor and Builder in 1 885. He has always
taken an active part in the different Societies in his Division as seen by
his beinf? President of the St, Bridget's Section of the St. Jean Baptiste
Society in 18H6 and 1H87, He was also President of the Joint Committee
of the three Parishes of St. M ary's Ward for the large celebration that
took place in the east end of the city in 1896. He is also President of
St. Vincent de Paul Society.

He was elected in 1890 for St. Mary's Ward and has ever since
worked in the Council for the benefit of the city and particularly for his
own Division.

B. T. DeMONTIGNY, Recorder of Montreal.

Was born at St. Jerome in 1838. Studied at the College of Joliette.
After passing his legal curriculum lie was admitted to the Bar in 1858
when he had just attained his majority.

Next year began the movement to raise a battalion of Pontifical
Zouaves to aid the Pope in the struggles then going on in Italy.

In 1801 Mr. De Montigny joined this corps and remained two years.
He is now th9 oldest Zouave in Canada. When the first band of crusad-
ers left Montreal in January 1868, we find amongst them the subject of
our sketch and Governor V^allee of the Prison and Chief Htighes of the
Police and L. Forget ( hief Clerk of the Recorder's Court. When they
landed in France they caused an immense sensation. " Drapeau blanc en
tfite, avec la devise " ; " Aime Dieu et va ton chemin," these Zouaves were
received everywhere with acclamation.

At the beautiful city of Lyons, they received a royal reception and
an eminent member of the French Academy wrote an ode on their career.
We cannot forbear giving one verse of it.

" Allez votre chemin, Pran^ais de Nouveau Monde,
Race de vos aieux tout a. coup ranim(ie,
Allez laissant chez vous une trace feconde
Offrir un noble sang au Dieu que vous aimez."

After their return to Canada, Mr. DeMontigny resumed the duties
ot Lis profession and was made District Magistrate for Terrebonne.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

Ill 1H80 he -was appointed Recorder of Montreal and for the past 17
years has fulfilled the onerous iluties of his oflice to the satiHlaction of
all. Many a prisoner has had to acknowledge that tlirouKh lii^ charity
and benevolence the sentence lias been suspendeil or such as tlu' mildest
possible to be given. Among Protestants the Ilecordor is held in high
e»teem.

PERCIVAL ST. GEORGE

Is also a Scotsman, having been born at Forres, Scotland, 1819. He
was educated for seven years in France antl finished at the Tniversity of
Edinburgh. He came to this country in 1880. For four years he was
Assistant Engineer In the construction and survey of the C. P. R, then
other lines. For eight years he was Dei)uty Surveyor of the City of
Montreal and in 1883 he was apjjointed City Surveyor which position he
still holds.

His position is one of the most arduous and responsible of all tlie
Departments of tlie City and he is continually called on in Committee or
in Council to give information regarding tlu; Streets of the city.

Mr. St. George's knowledge of the City botl> above and below ground
is more than any other man's in Montreal and it requires an enerj^etic
mind like his, to keep all things in order and obviate confusion in his
offlce.

J. ROUER ROY Q.C., City Attorney.

Was born in 1821, in Montreal, his father was Joseph Roy, who
represented the City of Montreal in the Quebec Legislature, before 1837.
On the occasion of his death, in 1850, Hon. Joseph Papineau tlius spoke
of him: — " The one we have lost has left us none but noble examples to
imitate, and not one act or one word that requires to be excused. " His
mother belonged to a family of Italian origin, which was allied to the
noble house of the Rouer de Villeray of France. Mr, Roy, was educated
at the Montreal College, where he took a full classical course, under
Messire Baile, completing his studies in 1838. He then began the study
of Law under the Hon. M. O'Sullivan, formerly Solicitor-General for
Lower-Canada, and afterwards Chief Justice. On Mr. O'Sullivan being
elevated to the Bench, Mr. Roy continued his studies under the Hon.
Andrew Stuart, also one of the Solicitor-Generals of the Province, and
completed them, some eighteen months before he became ,of age. He
was called to the Bar in February, 1842. After a brilliant career as a
Parrister and leading Attorney, he was, in 1802, appointed joint City
Attorney, for the City of Montreal, with the late Henry Stuart Q.C., and
acted in that capacity up to tlie year 1870. when lie became the sole
Legal Adviser of the City. In 185ti, he was unanimously elected by his

I I

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

1. I

: i

f 1

HISTORY OF MONTRKAL.

brother barristers Syndic of tiie Bar of Quebec, whicli position lie held
for four years. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in ISfl-l he lias bt-en
President of the Library committee of the Bar. In 1HH7 he was electfd
Hatonnier of the B;)r of Quebec and Batonnior Generdof the Province
on first Juno 18S8. He was appointed by tlie Fabrique, in 1870, C'mrch-
warden of the parish of Xotre-Darao. 'I'lds is an honor conferred upon a
very limited and selected number of persons, Mr. Roy boin^j only the
second member of the Profession who has held this honorable position.
He is also first Vice-president of " Tlie Numismatic and Antiquarian
Society of Montreal " He is a liiif^uist of no mean ability, and a thorough
Latin and Italian scholar al" well versed in Greek lore and as famiiiir
with the Enplish language, as with his native Frenah. He was captain
of the Voltigeurs in 1849, shortly after the burning of the Parliament
Buildings in Montreal. During his career as a practising Barrister, he
has had many interesting cases, and has been entrusted with several
before Her Majesty's Privy Council in England, particularly the case of
Lachevrotiere dit Chavigny and the ( ity of Montreal. This case arose
out of a dispute with regard to one of tlie principal squares of the City.
We may also mention the litigation between tlie City and Sir Hugh Allan
and Lemoine, in connection with the Mount Royal Park, involving half
a million of dollars. His son, to-day ranks among tl e rising Civil engin-
eers of Canada, being Superintendent of all the public works of the
Province of Brit sh Columbia.

11IH'I'(.)KV VV MONTUKAL,

'(Rotvc Bamc Street,

"Xa Grnll^c •|l^uc."

Ill c'oiiiincnciiif,' tlio Ori^'iii of llio Streets of Moiiticdl J fuel |)I(!asiii'o
ill placing,' bi-fori; my UeadcM's tlio testiinoiiy of ono of tlio f,'ii;iiL(!->t of
Canadian writers Sir. J. M. LsMoyneof Quebec^ wliosunt inetlio followinf,'
after liavinf^ ro ul " Tliq St ir " of tiiis eity, wliero it ixiljlislied tlie basis
of the cxtonded liisturies and notes wliicli are now i»iil)Iished in IJook
Form. Ho says •' I have ro.ul witli miicli inltn'cst your history of the
origin of the names of the Montreal streets, and hojio it will bo j)reser\'ed
in tliu more durable shape of a brochure, sueh information 1 am sure you
Avill find thousands of readers in Montreal and elsewluu-e."

Montreal, as we all know, from tlu> date on the beautiful Monument
lately erected to its fouiuler J'aisonneuve in I'laeo d'Arnies Sipiare, was
laid out in the year A D 1012. It was tlicn, indeed, a small and " humble
Town" bour.ded as it still is, by tlie grand old l?ivor St, Lawrence on t!io
South, thfiu extending to tlie Xortli as far as ^\•hat \\ now called I'drtifie-
ntion Lane near (!raigaiul running from near Nh-CJill street to the Citadel
(Dalhousie Square) East. Tlie sliape \\as a regular jjarallelogram and
accordingly tlie three jn-incipal streets were again intersected by others
running from the St. Lnwrence to Fortification Lane north.

These three main streets and their adjuncts will be first spolcen of
as tliey are the oldest one; in the City and thou the others in detail.

Let us then begin with the first street traced out in the old Town
of Montreal.

This street running now far beymul the i)recincts of the old Town
goes to the East, through Montreal and the prosj)erous suburb of the
Town of Maisonneuve and to the "NVost through the jiopulous Town of
Ste. Cunegonde. It was formerly dividotl into three jiarts., St. .losei»h
street Notre Dame street and Ste. Mary street. Some y(<ai's ago they all
merged in the more appropriate name of Notre Dame.

This street was the very first e\t>r laid oir:< in Montreal. Thirty
years after the location of V'ille Marie or Mariojiolis by Maisonneuve, "M.
Dollier do Canon tracetl out as near to the centre of the Tt>wn as
possible Notre Dame Street. "Il lrai,a d'aboid an C(>ntre, une grando

IIISTOKV (>!• MOMI.'I.AI,.

rue, ct (pii pii'i'dui ait Imil la N'illi' ju iucipali>, il liii iloima Ic n umId
Psudf liaiiic, en I'lmiiiu'iir ilc l:t 'I'lCi S liiil i' N'it-rj,''' <l"i "\'iit' t'l.i'' cli'i'sio
coimuc I'at loiiMi' ill' la N'illc."

^^ lial clmnj^i's liivi) (aKcii place and \\Iia( sc 'lies litivn biuMi riifU'li>(l
t-iiui' llia( j;"'"' Suljiii'Iaii, w illi lii-^ itair ol' rompa iSiM ami pi-iitracaj out
old Nddi- l'aiin> stii(l in (lie iiroccs verbal t)f <la((< l.'lli Miirch I(17'J.
i,v'l lis try to rivdi/i> ii few ol" (licm (dii (»ii(ilo};i(')ilI_\ . Of course, we
may say, till (lie l)e),'iiniiuj,' ol" llii'i eendiry evi>ry(liiiij,' Ix-yoiid the
Tow 11 i>i'oper, was Tena ineoKiiita " the only K''''i'l' iiiialtciMljIe tiling,
beiiur •lie old Si l.awreiice Hivor (lowinf; on the same as it liad m'er done,
BJnee the days of that cataeiysni, when t li i( ),'i'i''i(' lh>i>d of water (lowing
from not til tos(Milli (hi'onj^'h all this pleasant land, was Jinested by np-
hoavals and the valley of tlie St. I/iwreneo \va'< fonniul and the
most wonderful Hiver on the surface of tlie f,d()bo fame into oxisteiiec,
tliat river which got its nnine, by Canada's renowned l'^,xi)loi('r Jacques
Cartior. It still, dnrinp; all thcsi' years, when the country was wild
flowed majestiealy on, as it will do for contnries to come - but who can
foresee wliat wonderful events will happen to mark (lie progress of
advance and make tin- old Hi\er snbsirvient to the wants of man ? Tho
first scene which looms up in pictorial panorama of Not'o Daaio street,
leiids us back to f'O AmeriiMii Hevolntion of lllT) and following
years.

The Americans determined tlien to take Canada, and for thi^
purpose tliey sent two armies toward tho North. In connection witli
this movement Ceneral Montgomery had detache(l Col. Kthan Allen
Avith 150 men from the main army to attack Montreal. On the 2ltli
October 1775, lie crossed tlie St. Lawrence three miles bek)W tlie City
at Longue Pointe. No sooiicr did Geneial Carleton know of it than ho
nssemblcd 80 regulars and about COO militia, I'^reiudi and lOnghsh, of tlie
town, and ))ut them under the command of .Major Car<lcn, wlio, early
next day, marched down to Longne I'ointe and enconnteied the enem\ .
Tlie Americans had possessed themselves of some houses and barns. An
engagement took place whicli lasted half an hour, w hen the colonists
under Allen were completidy defeated, and lie and his wliole command
Avero taken jirisoners of war. Aftcrwaids they were all liberated wlien
their main army uiuler Monlgomery took Montreal. Tlie American
armies were commanded rt^s|»c(rt ively by .Montgomery and Arnold as
their generals. They first tt)()k tiie route of Lake C'liamplain and the
Itidielicn Uiver, c.iptnriiig idi the fen tllied phu'es on their way, as St.
Johns, (yhambly and Sore'. At Soiel, Monlgomery placed heavy
batteries to pi event any c mmnnicatian Vietwet'ii (Jnebec and Montreal;
and as ^.o(Jn as he. marched to take tlu! lalfei- pl;i(!:', (lovernor (."arhiton
Avas obliged to cscajie to Quel.iec, which he r« acliid under tlie skilful
gnidaiKto of Caj)tain IJoucIielte and ]iis aide-(I(;-cainj), C!has. J)eLanar-
dicre."

IIIS'I'OKV «il' ,M()N'H!i; \l.

7;i

n ww^i ^■wpupipp jwmw. i n i

I it f i n i<— i^i n i^^ I

ii L fi<|| | ; j i|liM»«<lp _ »»i i |^ l l i m »l , | H |l i H Wl"l

IllSTOWV OI" MONTl.'lIAh.

Till' Aiiu'ilciiiis t()i)U ,Miin(ii'!il Mini ciiti'icil llui cily on t'lc IHlli
Ndvi'iiilti'i', ITT.'t. and llinliiij,' iihiuulaiicii (if lim* tliicl^ Wdollcn «l(i(li,
MoiiljtomiM'V clid (ill liiv! (i(ii>|i-i in (his ( !iiii.iili;m h(ii(V. 'Ilioy did not,
ri'iiiJiin hihj: ill llir ('it y, linl si'(. (Mil I'm' (Jiiclii'c, whicli \\ ,is r»! iclii'd on (Im
.Mil ilay of I )( rcnibi'i', I77,'>. An lU'l. ol' jii-i-i) iiin and piti-iolinu occiirri'd
at tliis timo wt'll wiirdiy of boiiijc noliiv'd Ihtc. It. \v,<s Hcci'ssjiry tn
ccMiinuinicMd' with tlm (u'liciwl a(. (Jiicl) n- I'rom .Mond'oil : liiil, liy Llni
strict, watch cii' tlio AnioriiMiis at. Surd it w a^ iMi|ii);-;iltlo now to pass
by llic l{i\i>i' St, liiwi'dMct'. Ill the o.xi},'ciicics of thn caso, tw d Kroiiiih
Can idi.nis stoppt'^l forward ami vohiMti'iMi'd for llio oHicc.

■Jl

-J

Tlio (rue liistory of this darinp; ilced hi- Iilmmi s.Mit to nio by .M. l'.i|)i-
iioaii, son of tlio Lcailor of (he Hcbcllioii of 1S;{7-S. IIo thus wiilcs. " Voiy
" imporfant disji itches from fuuil. llowi) in Nmv Yoilx to (Joviiruor
*• C^irletou ill Ciunbec liavinp; re.U'.hod Muntieil, thn Suniin iry ('t)iindi(d
*' tliom to t ud of their most trusted pupils, Ci|)taiii Joseph lianiotlio
■'comuH'teil with the Indian I)v>piirtinont and .losepli I\i|)ineau (my
"Grandfather). Tliey \\eiit toKctlun' alouR tho soutli side of tlio
"Riclielieii District, wliere nnny of tho people synipithised with tho
" Contitu'iitals and were in arms, and when they j^ot to Levis, crossed at
"niglit, (dotlied in while dominos, tiiat tliey mi;,'ht not bu seen on tho
" snow and ice by the American sentrios. T.ioy safely entered the City
"of Quebec; and delivered tho disjiatchos to tlio Ciovcrnor, and
" reniaiiu^d all winter ainoiiR tho Defenders of tlie Ancient Ca|)ital.
" 'rhey liad the dispatches in a hollow slick and looked like care worn
"tramjis or voyapjeurs. This account is authentic from tho lijis of my
" Grandfather to mo."

Uie news of tho capture of Montreal was tlio means of so
strengthening Qiuibec that it resulted in the death of Montgomery and
retreat C)f liis army. Followed by tho lUitisli Army, tlicy abandoned
Sorel, Cliambly, St Johns and of courso Montreal.

Very little authentic history tells us anything about the eastern
jiart of tlie Island of Montreal until the beginning of this century and
even till it had advanced into the decades. At tht; dosing years of tho
eigliicfiuth century, an Eiiglishm.in John Molson by name, arrived in this
country and soon slio\vt;d his a|)litudo for business by erecting a largo
building on tlio nf)rtli bank, f)f the river near the centre of Ste Mary's
l{aj)ids. Not long aflcr tills a large foundry was established aliout the
conimeiiceinent of this century and this place should be well reniei ibered
by all Caiuulians as it w as a relcbrated sjiot in steam navigation. I^ot
us now tal<(! our second view in the ))aiioraiiia of Notie name Street and
from my " History of Montreal" published a few years ago.

IIISTOIIY OK MONTUKAL.

THEFIR3TSTEAMB0\TSOFTHE ST. LAWRENCE.

From tlie dayM wIumi .)iici|iion (>Arti»r flrnt siiilod on tlie vvntnrH of
the St. Lriwnnice rivm' to thit hi'^iiniitiK of tliin niii«)ttH)iitli century, tlint
is for over ;'.')() ynaiN, all tnivnl hi'twtiim ({(utboc and Mouti-ual liiid
ultliof been by a tttiliitiis Joiu'iicy iiloiiK tiio north or -toiitli of the rhwr
and occupying ininy wn.iry and drmiry days, «)r by tht> almost equally
wuary an<l drtmry mode of battuaiix, Hailing partly and partly paddlinKr
l)ut mostly pulliul ali»nf< tli» banks.

Tills waturw.iN whm tlrit l)y which many oxpedltions during; tho
rt'urimH of " La IU'IId l-'raiifu" went either to victory or Mometimes
annihilation from tho hands of tlie HAva^e Indians, thuir powerful
enemies, who then swarmuirthrouKliout the country.

[t also was tho route by whicii. aftor " th'J (!us<ion." Mi'itish troop*
and oxpuditions wimm sent from the •' Ancient Capital " to various
points and places throughout the uuutinont, and jirevious to rail-
ways.

It was by this route, tho bosom of the St. Lawrence, that the
chivalrous Jacques Cartior came, when he discovered IIocholaKa.

In was by this route tiiat iho >?reat explorer Chiimplain came
when he jfavo its name to Lachine (the way to C-liina ), and passed on
and pushed westward even to the (JeorKian M ly of Liku Huron.

On its bosom sailed the expedition under General Murray, which
resulted in the capitulation of Montreal in ITllO.

My the other route /. <., by land, the army of Montj^omery passed on
to besiege tiuebuc, and to meet there with defeat, and the General with
his death.

Hardships innumerable pi-esented themselves in the land journey,
whilst dangers by day an I by ni^lit continually stared the hardy
voyageurs in the face when they nnide their journeys from Quebec to
Montreal. This was always the more difVicult of the two journeys— the
heavy and swift flowing currents of the St. Lawrence made progress
much slower and laborious, and with all the detoiu-s they had to make
rendered the up voyage mucli more fatiguing and dangerous than tliat
between Montreal and Quebec. Here in the down voyage the hardy
voyageur had the help of the swift-flowing current to carry his batteau
along

No wonder then that wlieii. in the year 18(tS, Joiix Molsox declared
that he would navigate the St. Lawrence between these two cities in a
vessel propelled by steam, and in one-tenth of the time occupied hereto-
fore by either route, and against all wind and tide, he had all tho city
increduloi Montreal laughed at him, anil declared it could never be
done. Montreal said it was impossible. All the city unanimously
declared it was the idea of an enthusiast, and utterly impracticable,

IIINTOUV OV MONTHKAK

NuvfrtheloHN thore vvvru hoiqo who Imil litMinl tliH iihwm tlint Niirh a
tliitix /mil beHii (tnn« at Ni«\v York. I lit>r() Ki'i.roN limi muIIimI lih littlo
■teainor HiircesHfiilly without sail or oar, on lh«) llivor lliiit<4on, not long
bcforn.

John Moi.hon thoufflit what could bo done in Now York and on
the lludHon could nUo he tlone in Montreal and on tin* St. LawriMice. After
patiently working; and coinplftin^ all the parls of his MmIk craft, this
unterprisinK- energetic and public 'spirited merchant, on the AvA day oi'
Novendu-r, IHOU, ^ot tlie Hteani up in hlH *• A«'('u.mm(>i>ath»n," as the
vesHel wan called, and ididdst the .i</./.aH and the cliuurH (d' almost tlie
whole lidi.d)itants, who had crowded every vant.iKe of ground lor the
occasion, the little craft shot into tlie ciureut at St, Mary, and after a
voyage of fid i o«ir«, Md cd' which she was at anchor, safely arrived at
Quebec. Here the whole city, as in Montreal, crowded to the beach to
Ikehold tins wondrous and nautical pht>nomen<>n. To them, as the
pretty little " Accomnuxlation " j,'iacefully came sdliuK i" ^^^ iheir
harlxir. appenred the beautifid line of the poet, "Sim walks the water
like a thiuK of life." in all its truth and perfecti(ui.

Nothinwr perhaps will p:ivo a better idea of tlm exnitoment of tlie
city and the description oi' tlie v»issel tlian the followiiiK extract from
the(^ucl)ec Mirotnj which thus chroidcles tlie arrival of the " Accommo-
dation " in tliat city. It sayK :" On Saturday morninj^ at nii^ht o'clock,
arrived here from Montreal, l)einK hertlrst trip, the steamboat 'Accom-
modation' with ten passen>?ers. This is the llrst vesstd of the kind
tliat ever appeared in this harbor. She is continually crow. led witn
visitants. She left M(»ntreal on Wednesday at two o'clock ho that her
passage was iW hours, 30 of which she was at anchor. She arrived at
Three Rivers in '24 hours. She has, at present, berths for 20 passengers,
which nextyeiir, will be considerably augmented. No WIND ok tii)!'; c.vv
STOP HKli ! She has 75 feet keel and H5 feet on deck. Tlie price for a
passage up is $1) and $8 down, the vessel sujtplying provisions. The
great advantage attending avessel so constructed is, that a passage may
be calculated on to a degree of certainty in point of time, which cannot
be tlie case with any vessel propelled by sail only. The steamboat
receives her impulse from an open, doublcspoked, perpendicular wheel,
on each s.de, without any circular band or rim. To the end of each
double spoke is fixed a square board, which enters the water, and by
tlie rotary motion of the wheels acts like a paddle. The wheels are
kept in motion by steam operating within the ves.sel. A mast is to l)e
fixed in her, for thepurpose (d" using a sail when the wind is favorable,
which will occasionally accelerate her headway."

This first experiment in the steam navigation of the St. Lawrence

by Mr. Molson having been found perfectly feasible, and from the very

beginning both successful and profitable as regards imssengers and

freight he determined to extend his work, making it a national

IIISTOUY OP MONTUKaL

iiiuliM'takiiiK) >iii*l ncTordii'p'ly tli«r« npittmrHil in tho Mnntrenl (laztttt of
<iHt<) Nov. 2(lt|i, IHlil, HI) luivurtiHi'iiiuiit IViiiii thnt Kt^iitlunmii, to tliiH
effev : -

*' Ciiblic Moticti \h liHruby ^ivun, that John MoIhoii, of the city of
Montruai, will iipply ^'*> tint I<t<Ki^liitiir» of tliu Province, liiirinK itn next
NttHNioii, for a liiw Kivin^ liini tliu oxr-iusivH ri^lit. and privlle^t' of con-
HtrnctiiiK and navi^atinK a Nluaniboat or NtcatnljoatH, orofcauHinKa
Htuanilioat or HtcanilxiatH to be conNtrncted and naviKated within the
limits of tliiH I'rovinue, for tlie Hpace of Hfteen yearn, to be computed
from tlio Ist of May next."

It may l)u Hup|ioHt!d that liin Dili was NUcceNNfnIly pnHHod by the
LcKi^hitniu, i\h wu llnd him in IHI'J Ixisy building anoliiur vcHHel, but of
far larger denutnsionN, It wan no ieHH than WW feet keel and ..'I feet
beam. On the tth day of May. IKl!}, nlie made her first trip, and after-
wards, and during; that season especially, did sjtlendid service in
conveying troops and umnitionH of war from Quebec to Montreal and
other pointH of vantage ground for (jreat Mritain and Canada during
the war between those countries and the United States.

Nino montiis before her first trip, on a bright Thursday afternoon,
the sun shining clearly down on Mariopolis and St. Helen's Isle, iiOO of
the best families of Mt)ntreal assembled together to witness the launch-
ing ( fthis wonderful vessel. It had been binit at Logan's sjiip yard
Ste. Mary's Ciu-rent. Such an uncommon occurrence l)rongiit together
one of the most representative assemblies that ever in those days met.
His Excellency the Governoi General, His Lady and suite were all
present, and occupied scats on the platform ; close to the vessel, mer-
chants and ministers, priests and laymen, the wealth and beauty of
Montreal were all there, for the beauty of our grandmothers and great-
grandmothers at the commencement of this century could com))are
favorably with that of their grandchildren at its close. And now
arrives tlie sublime moment, tliat eventful time, when Her Excellency
breaks the traditional bottle of wine across the bow of the vessel, and
baptizes her by the name of " Swikt-Si're"; at the same moment her
stays are cut away, and amidst the thunders of the salute of lU guns,
amidst the hu/zas and clieers and tlie waving of hats and handkerchiefs
of the privileged spectators and of the thousands of citizens who congre-
gated every inch ut grtMuid, wliere one could see, on Ste. Helen's Island,
Isle Ronde, Longueuil sliore and tiia Gale Kami seabeach, the " Swift-
Sure " slid gracefully from her moorings on, into the waters of the
mighty St. Lawrence, her future home.

And well slie bore her name Swift and SrRR, during these perilous
times for Canada, Slie bore her military burdens wherever and
whenever the oeayion required, and by these trips greatly conduced to
the utter failure of American usurpation of Canadian soil in 1812 and
1813.

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

N0T1;K dame Sl'UKET,

HISTORY OF iMONTREAL

Tl)o tliird view is an interestsiij? one and sliows the v icissitudes of war
As the first shows the American soldier strutting alon;;; Notre Dame
street in all the prido and panoply of conciiiest after Montfforae'T had
captured Montreal, sotVis view reverses the picture and we behold him
led alon>; that saino old street, a sorry j)risoner of war and all througli
the energy and j)lr. .k of our own Militia.

Let me (pu)te the following account from tlie Montreal Herald of
Tuesday, September I Jtli, 1M12 of the entry of the American General
Hull and his army as i)risoners of war into Montreal. It says:

' Montioal, September 10th : Last Sunday evening, the inliabitants
of tills city were gratified with an exhibition equally novel and interest-
ing.

"That (Jeneral Hull siiould have entered our city so soon at the
head of his trooyjs, rather exceded our expectations. We were, however,
Juippy to see him, and received him with all the honors due to his
riiiik and imjjortance as a i)ublic cliaraeter. The following particulars
relative to his journey and reception at Montreal may not be uninter-
esting to our readers,

" General Hull and suite, aceorapanied by about 25 officers and 350
soldiers, left Kingston under an escort of 130 men, commanded by .Major
Heathcote of tlie Newfoundland regiment. At Cornwall tlie escort was
met by Captain (Jray of the (^uarter-M aster General's Department, who
took charge of the prisoners of war, and from tlience proceeded with
them to Lacliine, where they arrived about two o'clock on Sunday after-
noon. At Lachine, Captains Richardson and Ogilvie with their com-
panies of Montreal Militia and a company of the King's, commanded by
Captain Blackmore, formed the escort till they were met by Col. Auldjo
Avith tlie remainder of the flank companies of the .Niilitia, upon whicli
Captain Rlaekmore's coini)any fell out and presented arms as the General
passeti with the others, and then returned to Lachine, leaving tl*
})risoners of war to be guarded by the Montreal Militia alone. Tlie line
of march then proceeded to the town in the following o der, viz :

" 1st. Band of tl)e King.s Regiment.

"2nd. The 1st division ot the escort.

" ord. General Hull in a carriage, accompanied by Captain Gray;
Captain Hull and Major Shakelton followed in a second carriage, and
some »voiM<ded officers occupied four other carriages.

" 4th. The American officers.

" ."jth. The non-commissioned officers and men.

" 6th. The second division of tlie escort.

" It unfortunately proved rather late in the evening for the vast
concourse ol spectators assembled to experience the gratification they so
anxiousiy looked for. This iuconveuieuce was, however, in a great

HISTORY OF MONTREAL,

measure remedied l)y tho illumimitiua ul' the streets throuKli whicli the
Hue of march passed. When they arrived at the (Jovurnor's house the
General was conducted in and presented to His Kxelioncy Sir GeorKe
Prevost. He was received with tho gro.itest politeness, and invited to
take up his residence there durinj,' iiis stay in Montreal. The officers
were quartered in Holmes' Hotel, and the soldiers were marclied to the
Quebec Gate JJarracks. The General appears to be about sixty years of
a)?e, and beai^s his misfortune wit'i a degree of resignation that but few
men in similar circumstances are fitted with."

Some days after, tlie prisoners started for Quebec under a guard of
Militia, commanded by Nhijor Shakelton. (ioneral Hull had in tlie
meantime been exj'nanged at Montreal for thirty Hritish prisoners taken
in the hands of the Americans, and all the United States Militia takeu
prisoners at Detroit, were sent home.

The last great historical picture as regards this street is from the
pen of John Frazer taken from his interesting volume. — " Pen and Ink
Sketches."

Snn^a^, tbe 4tb of IRovember, 1838.

, I

The present generation will appreciate this sketch of the opening
day of the second rebellion of Lower Canada by one who was an eye-
witness. The rebellion of 1837 had closed and the winter of 1838 passed
over quietly so far as Lower Canada was concerned,

" Springtime came, summer passed, a bountifid harvest crowned the
year, and the blasts of November had again made fields and forests bare.
Low, murmuring sounds of discontent were then heard, over the whole
length and breadth of the land, something like a smouldering volcano,
ready to burst forth at any moment.

On Sunday morning, the 4th of November. 1838, the standard of
rebellion was again raised in Lower Canada. The whole south side of
the St. Lawrence waa once more in open rebellion. The principal camps
were at Beauharnois and Chateauguay.

The tirst actual outbreak of this second rebellion occurred at Beau-
harnois on Saturday afternoon, the 8rd. The patriots, seized the mail
steamer ' Henry Brougliam,' while on her way down from the Cascade
to Lacliine. The passengers were detained as prisoners, among whom
were Sheriff Mclntyre. of Cornwall, and Duncan McDonald, of
Montreal.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

In the early iiiorniiiK of Siuulay, the Itli, thf |)atri<)ts of Cliateau-
Kiiay marched in force on CauKhnavvaKa to disarm the [ndiaiis. The
Indians were then attending early mass in a small ("hapcl luilF a mile
behind their village. Tlie Chapel was surronnded by the patriots. They
said tliey came as friends. Tlie Indians i>.\yrossed snrprise that friends
should come armed, and asked them to pile their arms ))reparatory to a
friendly talk. Tiie patriots piled tlieir arms -they were immediately
taken jjossession of by the Imlians. Sixty-four of tlie patriots were
made prisoners; eleven more were secured during the diy, making iu
all seventytive prisoners. The rest of them escaped throngli the woods)
to their camp at Chateauguay.

The arrival of tlie jirisoners at Lichine was th'! first intimifion
there of the outbreak of the second Reljelliini. Tlie Indians of (augli-
nawaga cros.sed the river with tlie tirst lot ot sixty-four prisoners and
handed them near the Windmill, dose by the old French Parish Clituch,
just at the foot of the cross and leading through Cote St. Paul, i'his was
about ten o'clock. The people of Lower Lachine were then on tiieir wa}'
to attend morning service at the different churches. Fancy their
surprise I It did not take long to muster Captain Pegley's Company of
Foot and twenty of the Cavalry, wlio took the prisoners in cluvrge.

The line of march was soon fornied. Instead of taking the high
road to Montreal by the way of Cote St, Pierre — the lJp))er Lachine road
— the march was taken by the cross road tlirougli Cote St. Paul. It was
a bard tramj) of three hours; it had been raining most of the previous
week ; the mud was ankle deep. The men would not hear cf any
conveyances being i)rovided ; the prisoners must walk it— they said ;
the men also walked. The march of this escort and their prisoners
through Cote St. Paul and the Tanneries caused great excitement.

By the time it reached the Tanneries fully one hundred stragglers
had .ioined, but not exactly comjirohendingAvhat it leallv was, as perfect
silence was nuiintainetl in the ranks.

News of the incoming prisoners, with their escort, had early reached
town. Their numbers were swelletl by hundreds of stragglers on their
onward course. There were no telegrajilis in those early days to transmit
the news, and the report had readied Montreal tinitthe Lacliine Hrigade
was marching in, in full force, having tlie whole rebel camp of Chateau-
guay as prisoners; such was tlie actual report that reached the city that
Sunday morning, the Itli November, 183S.

The reader of this day nuiy i)icture to himself the ex.;itement, hurry
and bustle on the stieets of old Montreal caused by th's re))ort.

Far out in the outskirts of the city, towards the Tanneries, the escort
was met by thousands of the citizens. The sight that met their astonish-
ed gaze was strange and new to them. Here was a large body of men
advancing, having been largely supplemented by stragglers. Ten of the

HISTORY OF MONTREAT>.

Liu'liine Troop ro le in front »n(l ten in tlu> rear, ami on both sides were
tiiirty inmi of tli • Lower iiJieliine Coinpuny of Foot, liavinj!: the .sixty-
four i)ri^onerH in the centre. Tlie stragglers who hud joined wcro totally
ignorant of the wiiolt' alTair, except the fact of seeing the prisoners and
tht'ir escort. The wiilm- was one of tlie escort. There have been, time and
ag.tin, many programiiH><l i)roceHsions in our wtreets. but never before
uor since tliat ilny has so remarkable a procession passed along the streets
of Montreal. In front and in rear, as steady as regulars, rode the ^'onng:
bo^'s of the Lacliine Troop with their bearskin helmets and <lrawn
swords, and the Foot Com))aMy on both sides with fixed itayonets, guard-
ing and protecting the |)risoners from the surrounding, excited citizens.
They moved along steadily ami in perfect silence.

Come, young Canadian reader, and take your stand witli us on the
front steps of the old Fi\^nch Parish Church in Place d'Armes .Square. Let
the time to be abcnit three o'clock in the afternoon of Suiulay, the 4tli
of November, lS;jS;and in retrospect, let us cast our eyes up Notre
Dame street ; an immense crowd, readjing back to McGill street, having
no flags waving nor drums beating to announce their approach, is slowly,
solemidy advancing in funeral-like procession ! N\ hat is it, and wlio are
they? It is the escort from Lacliine with their sixty-four j)risoner9
wending their way down to the tlien new goal, with tliousands of the
citizens lining the streets and following in the rear.

It was a sail day and truly ' a fuiicral-likc proc -sion ' for tlie poor
prisoners, all young men, in the })rimc of life and manhood. They liad
marciied out from their Cram)) at Chateanguay in the early dawn of the
Sunday morning, in high liopes and full of life and vigor. They were
now in the afternoon on their way to be enclosed \\ ithin prison walls I
The writer remembers well the imploring and anxious loot s of those
poor young boys! and although fifty years have passed away lie can
hardly now restrain the ' welling tears,' as that ))icture risns vividly
before him. A few of them were afterwards liberated : others of them
suffered the extreme penalty of the law for tlie crime of higli treason I
and otliers were transported.

On our arrival at the new gaol, and during our short stay there,
cabs and caleches were arriving filled with prisoners to be locked up,
liaving some notable men among them. The sun had gone down, and
that never-to-be forgt)tten Sunday night closed in darkness over the
nnlighted streets of old Montreal. The Lacbine escort, after handing
over their prisoners to the gaol guard, reformed for their rendezvous
at Grant's Hotel, on St. Henry street, the Montreal headquarters of tlie
Lacliine Brigade, to partake of refreshment« preparatory to tiieir return
inarch home.

The escort, after leaving the gaol, had over ten miles to reach home •
^ ani was then pouring down in tovrents.

HISTOUY OF MONTREAL.

The triiinj) up old St Miiiv ami N'oti.! Dainc streets was a tiresome
one of two miles over tiiudily roads to (Jrant's Hotel. The streets were
crowded with armed men. (iuards and j)ickets were being posted at
every exposoJ part of the city, and cannon placed at every avenue or
road leading? into tlie country and facing: tiie river.

After leaving tir.int's Hotel, our return march was u)) St Maiu'ice
Htref)t:we had in ciiarge a lar{,'e ciuantity of ammunition and other
supplies which wo found \\ aiting us at Grant's to be conveyed to Lachine.
The eity j^ate at Dow's brewery closed behind us with a death-like
sound, allowing us to grope our way as best we could through the
thick darkness ahead.

There were no macadamized ro<ids in those ea.'ly days; it was mud
everywhere. H!id thick darkness all around! Worse still, a concealed
enemy might be met with at any moment.

At nearly every mile a cavalryman daslied past, hailing us, with
despatches to or from Montreal ; it was an exciting march Tired, wet
and hungry, the escort reached its headquarters, Lailamme's Hotel,
Lachine, by 10 o'clock that night.

Fifty years liave passed away, and from the seed sown broadcast
over the land during tliat Rebellion, tliere arose high and above the
ruins of the patriots' visionary republic, the (illAM) sthicti kk or
FOUNDATION of CANADA'S PRKSKNT RksI'ONSIIU.K GoVKRNMKNT, entombing
or casting to the winds all family comjjacts or other obstructions, and
securing to Canadians their rights as free-born Britisli subjects ; and in
truth it must be said, that Canadian liberty had not its birthriglit
under the sunshine or the smil« of heaven, but was nursed and cradled
amid the rage and the strife of fratricidal foes.

The time will come when the memorus of Canada's rebel dead of
1S;J7 and IS.SS vvill be revered and held sacied in every Britisli colony,
distant or near, as the fathers of Colonial Responsible Covernment,
under which every British colony is now governed.

And on the pages of Canadian History — yet to be written — the
rebel dead of Canada of IH37 and l^^ys will be classed in comparison and
held up side by side with tlie great Bnrons of England who, on Runny-
mede, demanded and obtained from King John the great Charter of
English Liberty."

T/ie sequel to this jiicture follows, when less than two months after-
wards, the first two of tlie twelve judicial murders took place, above the
entrance gate of the present jail and not as a writer lately declared, at
the Old Jail, which stood between tlie present City Hall and Court
House .

HISTORY (W MONTHKAI-

The reader imist rt'inmuber that the wall and ^'atn of tlus jiil as it
now Htiinds arc of modern Htiicturo. Tins old wall came out several
yards into what i>i now the joining? ol" Crai^ and Notre Dame strecl.s,
and th<ius;uuls aimunlly jiass over the very spnt wiiero these twelve
Patriots died lor tlicii' country a-id with their latest breath pronounced
these sold inspiring' words "Vive la Liborti'"

The following lines, if not poetic, show full pa' riotism and it m ly
be added that tlic conditions of the day, as retrards its appeirance on
that sid morning of December and all the incidents of the execution are
(pute authentic.

lines on tbc 3ubilcc, ot IS37««8

Hark ! a slow fiuicreal dirij^c, sni^jjestive of tlicir fate,

Is heard thin early morninjj, cij,'liteen huinlred, thirty eijjht,

For before the Sun has mounted far up the eastern sky,

Two citizens, true Patriots, are doonu^d this day to die,

" Dulcc pro patria mori " -yes, for ilicir iiativc land.

They liave the honor lirst, of that twelve Saircil Hand,

Who cheerfully laid down their lives, that wc m »y now enjoy.

Their fruits of i)atrioti.sn:-none to fcai-, none ne'er to annoy.

To them and their <'onip itriot-, we owe onr j)re>ii>.'e now,

Those rights of manliood we possess, we reap what tliey did so\v,

Should not ev'ry eye then shed a tear thouLjh fifty yeirs have flown,

When their heroic sacrilice and death wo tiiink upon '.^

Hark! slowly booms their deith knell, but even the very stni

Forgets to shine this morning, on the f ul deed to lie ilone;

Masses, thick, black, sepulchral, of clouds, are in the sky,

As if Nature wept upon them in mystic sympathy.

But now the hour approaches, to end tlie life of two.

The first of these twelve Patriots whose souls were tirm ami true,

WLo suffered Death ail calmly, and tljeir principles maintained,

Whose latest breath spoke liberty and liberty was gained,

A Beacon to posterity, who for their country's sake

Stepped lightly unto martyrdom and by whose death did wake

Eternal principles, then found to set their country free

Whose dying words, the last on Earth, were " Vive la Liberte,"

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

HISTORY OF MONTRKAL.

And thiH was at the Noel tiiuo, that Reason of Clirist'H Hirth,
NVIioii IViK't', K"•>•^^vill Hliouid How to man, from U«'«v<!u above to Kaith,
Oil! who could llii'(»e days al'teiuiird^, tlins chdiit the AoKel's lay
W hen siuli u martyrdom had been, iijjon St. TliomaH I)ay !
Who conld take np Noel's Carol chanting or Hinginji,' tlien,
" (ilory to (lod hi lliKhe.st, on Eartli. Peace touanls men I
Oil neary sad and sorrowful, must have been that Noel morn
To those reiuahiiiiK CaptiveH, who liad sei^n their comrades torn
From their embrace, and led unjust, to shame and ignoniy,
A (iailows only to adorn — a felon's death to die;
Oh had they • . a soldier's death, like Chcnicr. in the Meld
For Lilierty tlieir Life to give — tlieir licart's blood there to yield,
But to be hanged e'en like a dog upon the gallows tree,
For all the World to look upon, for all the NV'orld to see,
Yes that was shame, and yet they went with boldness and with grace
I'osliow a good example, and meet death face to face;
Young, though both were--a IJoy one — in years they'll ne'er grow old
Their actions siiall remain that morn, the boldest of the bold ;
They lightly stood upon the drop, and w hen that drop did fall,
P'or Liberty, the^s gave their Lives— their Ihnnu -their Hojies -their A 1.

J. D. B.

Now let us turn to the Old Court House and .Tail which stood
where the jiresent ( (nirt House stands in the space between it and the
City Hall.

What awful siglits have been witnessed here. Let me give one of
the ])ast century and a few more in this present century to show that
mighty i)rogress has been made not only in the extension of Montreal's
Ijuildings but in the administration of her Laws. What a tri'mendous
'* hue and cry" would be raised (the present •' Society for the protection
of \V\)men and Children," being in the van), if such a sentence was now
recorded by either the Police .Magistrate or the Recorder, against any of
the many females that appear before them and for the self same olTence
as the one recorded of. We may truly be tliankful that we live in the end
not the beginning of this lOth century — and yet they were tlien good
godly men (both French and English) these Magistrates who ordered such
barbarous i)unishnients. \n my experience 1 have seen for instance, a
prisoner lashed in tlie .jail, but -1 lashes were the whole number
given.

In those early days that number was freciuently administred to a
woman for "Petty Larceny " and soldiers received from 100 to 500 and
sometimes 1000 la.shes for a breach of military discipline. It is remarkable

HIHTOUY OF MONTRKAL.

tliat in thoMe old recordH the number 35) niOHt frt'cpieMtly orcurH. I linn
Kood old Montrt!itl .liislireH eviduiilly hud in tlieir iniiid, whun K>vii)v;
mntence, tlin story of St. Paid wIhto lie writoH "(H' tlio .I»)\\h rrccivi'd I
thrice, forty stript's Huve (tne." In one or two instances these Kood old
Kentlemen fornot the* Mihie iiiid tlie sentence was 111 stripes. If a prisoner
uow-a-dayH received tlic half of this amount, he thinks himself murdered •
strange as it may s»!eiu tiierc arc j^oody men and women \\lii» feel
compassion for him thouj,'li ids crime deserved iOH.

Tlie first instance of " felony" is adjudicated on in the May meeting?
of the Court, 17(5.') It was a case of a man and his wife, witli a nefjro^
Htealinif dilTcrent articles. It is thus recorded: '•Sentence of William
and Elinor iManh, .nil (Jcoi^h the Na^re." "They are to ^(o i)ack to
tlie place of their conlinemcnt, the said William March to be stript to
the waist, and Elinor March to have her back only stript, and the said
tieorge, tlie Naj^re, and each tyed to the cart tail, and bcjifinniiijjf at the
gaol or prison, between I he hours iif eight and iiiiit? o'clock in tim forenoon
on Friday next, they are to proceed .iloiig round by the Inti'iidaiits and
tiien to the Market Place. ;ind round by Saint Francis street and through
the Parade to place begun at, diu'ing which round they are to receive v';*)
stripes each on the naked back, besiiles 25 stripes each on the naked
back, when at the Market plact>." This is the first instance of a man
and woman being Hogged. I'ili/.abeth I'ptoii is also condemned by the
same Court for felony: "That she go back to the prison and there
receive 25 stripes and then be di.scliarged."

On the opening of the Ctiurt, Jidy -.'v'nd, 17(i5, the namesof tlie .Justices
are .fn. Dumas, Haniel Robertson and Isaac Todd. It seems that our
friend *'the Nagre " either didn't think much of his 51) lashes received
three months previously — or that the cuticle of his back like his skull
was so thick as to defy " the cat." We find him at this Court again a
prisoner for stealing "two pieces of silk ribbon." Knowing there was
no use of prevarication, as a witness swore dead against him, he acknow-
ledged his crime and pleaded guilty. This is the sentence which he
received : " Tliat the said George, between the hours of and 10 o'clock
on the forenoon of Tuesday the 2'2nd August, be stript naked to the
waist, and ti^'d at a (-art tail at the gaol, and then to receive I'l siriijes.
and at Mr. Dechambaux's corner 10 .«trij)es. and the Ft. Street this side
the General's 10 strijies. and at Mr Landruve's corner 10 stripes, and
proceed to the Court corner and then rfceive 10 strijies, and on the
Parade 10 stripes." Let us sum uj) this sentence; Six times in his march
he had to stop and receive each time 10 stripes on liis naked back with
the cat of nine tails.

In the Court, .lanuary, 1784, the sheriff reminded it that all persons
sentenced to be " burned in the hand in the Court of King's Bench may
receive their punishment in this Court agreeaMe to sentence." Let us

UlSTonV OV MONTHKAL

(losrribc wli it hiiriiititr in tliM liiiiul whm. TIjIh is tim lltwt itiHtiinco of ita
ItniiiK montioiudl lis a iMiniHliinittit on iiiidcriict.ors. It is dl'toii spokt'ii of
(lui'iiiK tli)« tii'st 2'i yciii's (if tins (■<Mitiii'y. Tli** |tiiiiis|iru*)iit, ('oiHist.Dil tJitH:
Tlio pi-isoiit'i' WHS bi-oii^iit ft'orn tlin K'iol into the court i-ooiii, ami riiiidu
ilnii l)y nil ii'iiii IkiikI at tliD Imck of tlii> (lock, tlx^ piliii part of liis own
liHiiil lioiiiK opriu'il tiKlitly, i ho rcil hul, iron, soiiiotiint's muliii),' cithfr in
a crow II or soiii-i othiH' ilmico, w.is held rcidy liy tin* coimintii iiiiiK'niiti.
and tile piiiiishm«Mit was inllictHd in tlic <'HntrH of tho pilin Tim
instrnintwit licin^ roaily. tho prisoner is inl'onncd that tho inomcnt it
tonciics liis llc^h lie can repeat as last as he cm these W(wds in I'lench.
'• X'ive lo Roi, ' throo ti nes, and at tlu) end ol' the third repetition, the
punishment would cease, or the words " (Jod save tin? Kinu:." it' ho were
an KiiK'lisii prisoner. Kvoii in this short ti'iie, the hot iron has hissoil into
the llesh, and made such a mark that all the waters ol' the St. Lawrence
could not olTace it. In the recorils of the Court (if Kind's Heiich for this
year, we llnd some terrible instanues of the piiniHhments then meted out.
In the March term, eiKliI »»on for ),''''ii>*l larceny were sentenced to be
iiiiprisoned and •• burned in the hand."

Ill the .Jamiaiy Sessions of I T'lU the lirst example of any one bein//
put in the i)illory is recorded. IJeauvais i-< coiulemiied "to stand tlujre
from nine to eleven o'clock." ami it adds, •' for three market days." TIiIh
sentence seems small enough on paper, but terrible in fact even for one
day tmly. Let me explain what these piiiii^hiiH'iits t/w Murks (tn<i lln
piHoii/ — n\eii\\. ^^ e read of the Ajjostles St. I'anl anil St. Silas in the Raol
of Pliilippi liavinK their feet " made fast in the stocks." Also Ivin^j
David says of .losc))h, " whose feet they hurt in the stocks." It consisted of
a iiiacliiiie of two jiicces of timber with cut out half circular lioles in each
board, which when brou^'lit to staml one upon another narrow-wise
formed two complete lioles, into u hicli the ankles of the jirisoners were
placed, the two ))ieces being llrmly locked tt)K«tliur. The pillory was a
senseless and useless punishment. It consisted of a frame of wood creeled
on posts witii movable boards and holes, through which holes tiiey jmt
the head and hands of tlie criminal for punishinent, the machine turning
on a pivot and in a circle, it was inflicted near the market place of the
old city on the prison ground and nvar the old (liiard House, and in later
times at Nelson's Monument, the culprit facing the river and Honsecours
Market. The common hangman attended and with whip in liand, when
the Avretch wlieeled around to face tlie Monument and save himself
from tlio shower perlia))s of rotten eggs or soft mud. used it unsparingly
and made the culprit turn round again on the moval)le jiivot of the
pillory.

Let me present to my lieaders a few of the terrible sentences
pronounced on delinquents in Montreal at the old Court House and Jail
80 years ago. There are many very old citizens who lived during these

HISTOUY OF MONTUKAL

tiiiiKH, for tlit<,v (lid not cuimH till tliiit ptu-ioil, wliuii (lonstitiitioiiiil niid
Ht>spiiiHil)li« (iovt'i'iiitioiit WHH procured by thu uvoiitH of 1X37-H — They
Kritd<iiilly ditcrciiscil in iiiiiiilit<r and tlm aniinxHil tal)lu compiled by ine
Ht Ki "'lit Udiihli' mid rcstarcli uIIIhIiow tlm viiit dilTi'i-ence between the
llrst hull" iinil the lust linU' ul I his nineteenth century. Wo have not had
a public execution in Montreal, t'orover II yearn -and only live diiritiK
tlu' whole period of I he Author's ( liaplaincy of 32 years ho that the tables
will show a wonderliil amount of ad\ aiiceMient and pi-o^ress in the Civil,
;iud ( riniiual Adnnnistratlon of Justice and in the opinion of the Jurieu
who have sat on dilTereiit indiviilnals, arraigned for murder and uian-
slaujrliter.

ISlH-SKl'lKMHh'H IKRM.

A. \'audri, stealiuK an ox, executed ; I', Uacicot, rape, executed ; .1.
Monlieul, horse stealiuK. <'xecuted ; H. Clement, a boy 13i years old,
steahufr a cow, executed: 1'. Dufresne, petit larceny, 3U lashes. The
tirnt foul- wt rt! handed in a row over ti>u Champ do Mars.

181i..-MAIlCll TKRM.

I>. Curran, murder, hantjred, and " that his body be delivered by the
SherilT of the district to (icorKo Selby, Ks(|., of the (,'ity of Montreal,
SurKeon, for the pin-jiose of dissection, conformably to law"; J. H.
I'otviti, petit larceny, ."i!) lashes; M Williams, liiKliway robbery, executed ;
Lot. Gray, stealing, executed.

SErTKMIJKU TKHM.

J. Raymond, stealiuK. •'!(• lashcM : A. Latulippe, larceny, .SO lashes ;
L lortin, horse stealing, exci-uted : W. Leopard larceny, executed ; .Jos.
Wilson, shoplifting, executed : (ieo, Cross, burglary, executed; J. boy,
btirglarv, executed : .1. H. Robillard, horse stealing, executed. These U
were hanged at the same place.

181(5 -SKri'EM HER TERM

Jos. Quinn. petty larceny, 39 lashes and V2 months; Josejih Barbeau,
stealing, executed: J. Rousseau, petty larceny, 30 lashes and 18 months;
L. Lavigne. petty larceny, oO lashes and 18 months.

1817— SEIEMRER TERM.

Frs. Gendron, sacrilege, executed ; .Toseph. LeRrien, horse stealing,
executed. Two other men, same crime, executed.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

1818— MARCH TERM.

L. BourKuiRetin, grnnd larceny, to be hanged, hut prays far the benefit
of Clertji/, Avhii'li being allowed liini by the Court, he is Hentenced to two
years in tho liouse of Correction.

BKNEFIT OK CLERGV.

As not one man in a thousand could tell what this niean(<, I give it in
extenso.

It was an ancient privilege allowed to the Clergy of elainiiiig those
accufted ot felony to be delivered uj) to the ecclesiastical judge — always
favorable to his own order — for compurgation, nistend of being tried in
the ordinary way before the lay judges of the land. In ancient times few
persons except those in Holy Orders could read, and accordingly the test
for an accused person claiming benefit of ('lergy was his ability to read.
If he could not, the courts would not i)ait Avith the defendant, but
proceed to try hira as if he were a layman. Afterwaid, when education
became more general, other persons besides Clergymen were able to read,
and so, in tlie reign of Edward III., I'arliament extended the privilege of
Clergy, as it is called, to clerkly laymen until the reign of Elizabeth-
Women were not allowed their Clergy until the reign of William and
Mary, when Parliament extended the benefit to them. In the reign of
Henry VII., however, a blow was aimed at this .singidar privilege as
enjoyed by laymen, and a statute was tlien jjassed against "divers
persons lettered, who have been more bold to commit murders, rapes,
robbery, theft, as well as other niischievons deeds," niiich enacted that
persons " not within Holy Orders." accused of these offenses, and con-
victed thereof, were in cases of murder to be marked with the letter
"M" on the brawn of the left thumb, a d iu all others with the letter
"T " to denote, it is presumed, that tlie person had been giulty of theft.
In cases of high treason, benefit of Clergy was never allowed to be
pleaded, it is stated that when an accused person claimed his Clergy,
it was usual to test his learning by requesting liim to read the first verse
of the fifty-first Psalm, whidi in Latin begins with the words " Miserere
mei I'eus."

In addition to the extraordinary character of this proceeding, in
which a touch of grim humor seems perceptible, its absurdity is
apparent, for, of course, men might easily liave coached themselves up in
the required test. Tlie ejclesiastical judge, wiio was generally the
Bishop, might however, liavo given the defendant anything else to read
and in either case, in tlie event of his inability to comply, might have
handed liira over to the law and this proceeding generally meant death
A custom which favored criminals solely on account of their good edu-
cation appears to us, when it is unjustly thought that superior intell

HISTORY OF MONTKBAL.

SIN INSUiUNuB BlULDINU.

lilSTORY Of MONtREAL.

igence adds a stain tocriniinaHty of any kind, to be in the highest degree
absurd ; yet we are told by able writers that the benefit of Clergy ox*
learning — for "clergy" is here tantamount thereto — was not so ridicu-
lous as it seems. Without saying more on the subject, it may be stated
that the privilege was abolished in the reign of George IV.

1821-OCTOBER TERM.

October 25 — Custley Huff, manslaughter, branded in the tiand and
six months ; J. B. Bourgoin, horse stealing, to be hanged, pardoned by
the King ; two men Sauzon and Beaudry, petty larceny, 39 lashes and
six months.

November 7 — T. Burk, arson, to be hanged, pardoned by the King ;
Jn. Wightman, arson, to be hanged, pardoned by the King ; N. Gauson,
forged bills, executed ; A. Jeffreys, forged bills, executed.

1822 -MARCH TERM.

March 15— B. Gilley, horse stealing, to be hanged, commuted to
months ; J. Lambert, stealing fowls, 39 lashes and six months.

April 22— J. Ouimet, petty larceny, pillory and 3 months; N Black,
murder, to be burned in the hand ; J. Gain, murder, to be burned in the
liand.

July 23 — J. Clap, sheep stealing, to be hanged, respited.

September 5— J. Larose, sheep stealing, to be hanged, twelve
months.

September 22— Fr. Lambert, horse stealing, to be hanged, respited.

November 9 — J. Hurtt, burglary, to be hanged, respited ; J. Brad-
ham, burglary, to be hanged, respited.

November 15— Jos. Moreau, stealing a book, 89 lashes and 12
months).

November 18 — P. Vazina. stealing an ox, to be hanged, pardoned by
the King.

1823— JANUARY TERM.

January 11 — Five men, for burglary at Lachine, were arrested ;
three were executed and the other two got 6 months House of Correct-

ion.

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

►

•i

HISTOKY OF MONTREAL.

CRIMINAL TAIU-E FROM A.D. ISl.'TO A.D. IHJ0-(2t Ykar.-«).

IIax(iki>.

Murder 7 ..

BurKlary IJ

Robbery 1

Shoplifting - ••

Larceny 2 ..

Horee.Cattle \ Slieep stealing 13 ..

Forgery I

Sncrilege '1

Arson U

High Treason li ..

Rape 2 ..

SKNTKN( HI) TO UK ll.VN(lKI)

mr Ri;rmi:\i;i), Total.

3»

IT)

■i'A

•)

u;i

KL-J

;{!»

200

CRIMINAL TAIJLE FROM A.D. 1^40 TO AD. 18Sfl_(4G Ykaks).

HANCiKI).

Murder I" ..

Burglary ..,

Robbery '• ...

Shoplifting ..

Larceny '' ..

Horse stealing, &c

Forgery ...

Sacrilege ...

Arson ...

House breaking ...

Felony <* ...

High Treason '• ...

Rape ...

SKNTK.NCKI) to UIO IIAN'CJKr)

HIT i{i:i*UIKVK|).
8

(I
II

(I
(I
1

Total

.. 18

lirSTOUY OF MONTREAL.

PALMKK'S STOHE.

HI8TURY UF MONTUKAL.

^■■p

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Great chaiigeH li<ive taknn placH Hiruru tlie c(>ininHiiueiii»nt of tliis
street. Tliu Citndul, (latterly DallioiiMio SipiarH; and tiio old Qiiebuu
Hiirrai'ks liave dhappoartxl and oru lout;, notliiir^ will rtstii'iiti, Hive the
new HuildiiiKH of tliu C. I*. R. on CraiK street and tlie Depot uf the
Hame Line on tliu site of the old liarracks.

Kast of the Sipuiro in the early times of this century, were some fine
private hnildings, one or two of them are absorbed in the Sohmer I'ark.
Another residen(;u belonKiiiK to the Molsons once stood where the
Rubber Kaetory is now located, and on the same site was the Foundry
of that firm which made the engines of the first Steamer which ever
croHsel tlie Atlantic.

Molaon's College is passed before arrivinj; at the Jail. It has seen
several changes— once it was a College then a Birr.tcks and now it is a
manufactory. One of the most useful articles of business, making wall
paper, takes up its whole extent.

The Jail has been fully written about in ray History of it for the
past 120 years, but I must say in passing tliat thi> Huilding, thnigh
outwardly the same to the public eye has un lorgone wonderful
changes and transformations, since the Writer first entered its precincts
33 years ago. During the past few years, under the control of its present
spirited Governor a very long list of i nprovenmnts has taken place.
And now if the old Patriots of 1H;57-S appeared today they would hardly
know the inside Avhere ao many of our, afterwards great public men,
speut a longer or shorter period witliin its walls.

Mb. Vallee the present Governor owes much to his having been a
military man for some time in his past career. He was one of the best
known Zouaves who went from Canada to Rome in aid of His Holiness
the Pope, nd he shows, not without some feeling of pride and
satisfaction the decorations received at that period.

A native of Quebec City, born there in 1850. educated at the College
de Levis and Quebec Seminary, lie at the time of enlisting recruits for
the Pontifical Zouaves could not resist the fascination ofjoining, which he
did in IHOH and remained till after the fall of Rome in 1870. He was
knighted by Pope Pius IX of the Order of *' St Gregory the Great " for
gallant service in the field and also decorated with the Medal " Bene

Returning to Montreal in 1870 he entered La Banque National and
soon became the manager of that Institution in Montreal — and in 1800,
the Government of Quebec appointed him Governor of the Prison, a
situation he has ever since eminently filled to the satisfaction of alt
concerned.

HI8T0UY OF MONTKBAL

Sonio largo faetorieH are seen and the far east of Notre Dame. The
ininuMiHe Cotton MillH, the St I^awreni-e SiiKar Retliiery, roj^hlin'M Spring
Factory, tlie C. P. K. Work Shops and Lepine I\irk, thi) busy wharvoH
with tlie i^reat quantitit's of lunil)iM- bt>in^ uvportMil, Ijdii^ikmuI Kerry
one of the very oldest in or around Montreal and lleney's Carriage
Factory.

Pour bridKoa are thrown over the .Street, one at the .Jail, tlje othpr
further eaut (It the immense terminus of tlie Montreal .Street Hallway,
the third is at DaUionsiH Square, connei-tinK the C. I*. Ilailway, north and
south of t)it> street imderneatli, Koin^ a tine avenue for v«*hicle.s from the
wharf to Crai^ street. The faiirth Ih-idKt* is eonnectuil with the (J. T.
Ilailway at Ste. Cunegonde, wliere all trains passing over Victoria
Bridge go under it to and from Montreal.

Opposite the City Flail, is the Cliateau d(5 Ilarae/.ay, one of theolilest
historical land marks and associated w itii events of the very greatest
importance in Canadian history. It was built in 170ri by Claude de
Rame/.iy, Governor of .Mcntreal. Wit'iin its walls, after the fall of
Quebec in 17(J(). the arran^^ements wore made and completed fcr the
withdrawal of the last b'roiich garrison from Montreal. ]iy this the
finest colony of France that she ever has had, passed into tiie ponsession
of Great Britain.

In 1775, the Chateau was ag.i in memorable as the headquarters of
the American General Wooster mikI the next year iinder the traitor
Arnold, the Commissioners of Congress I'^ranklin, Chase tt Carroll here
held council.

For several years after the coranjencement of the English regime the
Chateau was recogni/ud as the oiTicial re-<i(lence of the English Governors
when in Montrea'. Afterwards it was the .litc(|ues Cartier Normal Scliool
until the present one was built on Shorlirooke street, east; then it
became the Circuit Court of Montreal and is at the t>f"!^()iit day approp-
riated as a Museum, wh^re can be seen a gieat number of excellent
portraits, and interestirg souvenirs, associated with the History of the
Province and other parts of Canada since its discovery by Jacques
Cartiar.

It is to be hoped that the citizens at large will hereafter take a more
lively interest in this National Museum and that those having articles of
historic value o*" documents a))pertaining to the history of the Dominion
will donate the same to its keeping. It is worthy of not only State
Endowment but large subscriptions from the citizens of Montreal.

Between tlie Court House and the City Hall stood at the early years
of this century, the old Jail, also the Town l^illory. On a marble tablet
afHxed to the building we are told." Here stood the church, cliapel and
residence of the Jesuit Fathers. Built 10i)2, occupied as military head-

HFSTORY OF MOVTRKAL

qiiarterM 17^0. Burnt If^OS, Charlevoix and Lafontniiifl, amnnff others,
anjoiirn«d hero. Or) thin Hqtiiire, in front four Inxiuois MiilTertiJ deiitli by
Are, ill reprinal, by order of Kront«imt! KUHJ."

OppoHite both tlie Court Houhu and City Hall in the " KsplauiidH "
CampuH MartiuH or "Cliarap do Marn," whic i has lost nuu'li (»f itH
priNtino beauty by llio death of ho uuiuy of th:i fluo old truoH whicli
once Hurrounded it. Here wa'i tim parade Krouirl of liotli i<'roucli and
P^nKlish troopH and many a brave Hpootarle has liHon witiu^Hsed l)y )rru>it
crowds of HpectatorH at theso timoH. Attlio woHtond stands on St. ((abriol
street, the Provincial Govorument'H Onicos, wliore the (.'abinot meets
when in Montreal. This wan once the Dominion (iovornmeut Museum or
Ocoloffical Collection, now removed to Ottawa,

OppoHite at ttie other end .stood and still stands the old Military
Chapel, where the Author ho often took service when I'rince Arthur was
in Montreal and where he officiated with the Senior Army Chaplain
at the great Military funeral of General Windham, who was buriud from
this chapel.

Conoregation t)c Vlotre^Damc t)c HDontrcal, 1653.

Clustered among all the principal business places of tliis part of the
City still stands this old Institution. The following skotch, in Krench,
for the acceptance of my compatriots, will be read by them with
pleasure.

Marguerite Bourgeoys naquit A Troyes, en Champagne, en 1020, et
elle commenya par faire partie de la congregation exUrm, otablie dauH
cette villa par les Religieuses de i'institution de Bx. P Fourrier. C!'etait
une association de jeunes jiersonnes qui, sans contractor aucun engage-
ment de consience, ae fortiflaient dans la devotion par des bennes (vuvres
faites en commun.

ScBur Bourgeoys arriva k Montreal le 10 Novembre 163!^, et e!le
d^ploya dans cette Colonie la ('harit6 d'une h(;roine et d'uo apotre.
Ville-Marie ne se composait alor^ que d'une cinquantaine de cabanes, et il
n'y ovait qu'un trespetit nombre d'ent'ant en bas dge, trop jeunes pour
Ruivre une Nicole. La SoBur Bourgeoys se fit alors la servante de M,
de Maisonneuve ; elle a'occupa du aoin de la Chapelle et des mille anivres
que son ing6nieuae charity sut in venter.

En 1657, la Scaur Bourgeoys put ouvrir une veritable (Scole et elle la
commenga dans une Stable, le seul local que Ton put mettre ii sa disposi-
tion, vu r^tat de pauvrot^ de la colonie. L'ann^e suivante, elle se rendit
en France pour y chercher du secours, et elle remena de Troyes quatre
jeunes personnes, avec lesquelles elle fonda la Congregation de Notre-

HISTORY OF MONTflKAL

Dnriie de Montroai. Kii I'UW leiir i tuljliHSMiiiHiit nvnit ilt'tj i pronp^-nS et
«n outre d'liiie ^coIh pour lea petttnii HIleH dtt U i-la<4Ne uuvrh'^re, In
Sdtiir lioiirgeoyH urf^aiiisait uii piMHlonnnt du duiiiolNullu-4, et un« congr/)-
ifatioii externa a I'exuinple de culli) do TroyuH.

** Old St Mary strnet has been widtMiud but not to Its advaiitaK^ in n
commercial view tlioiiKli miicli t(> itH nppxai'.iiico as reRard-t width The
iildoNt biiildiuK NtandinK i^ MoIsoh'h Ilrowery- The C I', ti. (C|ii(>bi*(!
Uate I'erminiiN) haH uoiupletey altered DalhoiHJM Square. The centre of
the street from thiH Depot to Mcdill remains much the sanie as in the
paHt few yearn, A fine Hospital (Notre l>amo) In next the old square,"

The Sun Insurance and the Hull Telephone HuildinK are perhaps two
of the most boautifid slKhts in the city wlien we enter the niiin door of
each. Onyx everywhere, most pleasiun to the eye and without doubt
having cost respectively many thousands of dollars.

Til near here we litve one of the best establisliments in the street
Palmer In old(«r times this store was the KfO'^t rende/,-vous of the
Military donn and lloyal I'.itronap^e. His business has extended to such
extent th it it co nists now of two large stores. Carsley's immense
itore, near McOill street, attracts tliousands of visitors, and Wiley's
beautiful China Store is so well known that mentioning, it, is almost
auperfiuous.

The Balmoral Hotel .dds much to the character of the street a,>f
far west as Uhaboillcz S piare. After that the street returns to the
width of old St. .loseph street. Some large stores and factories are
in the westend of theStreet and in Ste, Cunegonde, only separated from
Montreal by an imagiiinry line anddestined like all the other suburbs, at
DO distant day to be annexed to .Montreil by the force of clrcumstauces,
and become one city u ider one Civic Government.

Tiie days are rolling on when, this street and perhaps all those
running west, will end at Lachine. and by the middle of the next century
a great part of this will be fulfilled. Consider what mighty changes
have been wrought in Montreal since tiie Writer landed in 1850, the last
half of this IWth century. At ihe same rate of advance even and that
rate multiplied three fold, all these changes will be seeu at the middle
of the 20th century, when Montreal will be a city of half a million
inhabitants..

Beyond McGill street in early times there were nothing but swamps
woods and wilda in all Griffiutown, Ste. Cunegonde and St. Henri.

After St. Joseph street was traced out and opened up, houses began
to be built and the city gradually extended westward.

^^■i^

HISTORY OF MONTKRAL.

lot

108

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

('liiil)f)illo/. Squire wms n.iiiifd after a well kmiwn citi/en of liis day
n Notary w lio fiK'nes at the eormneiicenieiit of this eeiitnry as one of tlie
.Fnstices of the I'eace for Montreal. The JuMticeH in these days luul more
jiower tlian tlie .Indies have now. when tliy not only reRulated thei)ri(e
of Mread but also the iinionnt of jfoods each merchant was allowed to
-.ell. Hcyond all, the Tannery lay at the foot (as it still does) of the
hiuh ridge, the hank of the ancients river whicli flowed Ht its
base.

AiuoiiK the best known representative stores in this street, east may
be nientione I tin- followiiiK, C'ontant. at the corner of Bonseconrs street ;
Long MK"' here the well known Di-. Picand dispensed his drnjjs, a
rcniaikable man was the Dr. His grand father 1 think, or his father
was one of the great Napoleon lioneparte's I-'ield Surgeons and an Aunt
was Abbess of one of the celebrated Institutions near Paris. The Writer
still possesses her splendid crossof solid Jet fhalf a foot in length) which
he leceived fionj Dr. Pic.iud as a friend. His successor to the business
upiiolds the place as in the days of old. Near Place d'Armes tliereaie
tiie ottices of one of the oldest Dentists in Montreal TV, Young. His
father for years carried on his profession there and his sou effectively
continues it.

Pi-att's Piiino store, with all tli't wonderful new instruments must be
•^een to be reali/eil, A visit to this great establishment will repay any
one and the variety of the ditTcrent r.ewly patented instruments of
iniisic will make one buy whether you want or not.

The Court House is next to tlie City Hall and contains a fine fjibrary
of Legal books. It has recently been enlarged to meet the ever increas-
ing wants of the citi/ens.

The principal ollicials of the ( ourt House are of course the SlierilT,
Honorable Senator Ihibaudcau and is ever obliging Deputy M, Franchere,
the llonorable Mr. Tujcotte, Protlionotary also the Clerk of Sessions, Mr.
Sicotte, himself a grtat Antiquarian and Historian. Here Judge Dugas
and Desnoyers dispense justice to all and no two me" have suclr insight
into human character as these two learned gentlemen daily ex|)erience.

One of the oldest <f1icials in the Building is High Constable Bisson-
nette active still and able to bring delinquents to justice, hmg may he
<lo so. Of their Honors tlie Judges of the different Courts of Law, all I
can say is tliat they are ail educated gentlemen "learned in the Law "
a body of men tliat will compare with any such (dispensers of the Law)
as the right nun in the right jilace. Honorable Senator 1 hibaudeau
Mas born at Cap Saute, I S ,7. His ancestors came from France to Acadia
(now Nova Scotia) during the French Revolution of 17Si>and they made
their way Quebec. He early entered into businesi in Montreal in the

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

108

H
W

104

HISTORY OF xMONTREAL

- 1

well known firm ol" lliibaiulean, Beliveau and Archainbanlt. At the
present, he is not only the Sheriff of Montreal and a Senator of (.'anada
bnt President or N'ice I'roaident of a member of our best institutions.

In ISUO he was a})pointed Sheriff oh tlie death of Honorable P. J. O.
Chaveau and has ever since sustained the duties of his high office with
dignity and urbanity.

Honorable H. R. A. lurcotte Q.C., Prothonotary of NUintreal was
born in INTT), educated at St. Mary's College, Montreal and at Stouey hurst
College, England. In 1H(37 he was called to tlie Bar and made Q.C, in
1870. Was at one time Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, for tliree
years. He was appointed to the Executive Council in 1K87 as Attorney
General. He acted as Premier during tlio Honorable Mr. Mercier's first trip
to Europe. After the fall of tlie Mercier Government he was appointed
Prothonotary of Montreal in 1S90 which situation he still fills to the
satisfaction of all who have business to transact with him and is univer-
sall}' esteemed as an upright and urbane gentleman.

Let me give the list of Advocates and Notaries in Montreal in the
year ISl'i, the year of the war between Canada and the United
States,

Tliere were only thirty advocates in Montreal at this time, but
what important names are found atuongst them ! How many figured
afterwards on the Bencli, at the Bar, or in Parliament, or on the stage of
their country's history. The same may be said of the nineteen notaries,
their nanus beiim found below the list of advocates- Stephen Sewell,
Chas. F. Hamelin. Dr. Ross, Jos. Bedard, I). B. Viger, J. D. Lacroix, Ben.
Beaubien,Koss Cutlibeit, Dr. Ogden, K. H, Bender, A. Levesque, J. R.
Rollat d, P. D. Debart/.ch, L. M. Viger, (he was called Beau Viger , F. A.
Quesnel, S. Gale, Hy.|peorge'i, 1". P. Fortune, John Bt)ston, L. Jos. Papi-
neau, J. C. Herse, M. O'Sullivan. Alex. Reid, J. C. Routier, W. Davidson,
H, Henry, Chs. Ogden, Alex. Elliot and Alexis Bovvnet.

The Notaries AVere as follows: — Jean Delisle, J. Jorand, J. Papineau
G. Beck, L. Chaboillez, J. G. Delisle, P. Lukiu, J. M. Monde'et, Thos.
Barron, ( lis. Psevost, Louis Guy, Louis H. La tour, J. M. Cadieux, L.
Sarrault, Jos. Roi, P. Mercier, A Dumouchelle, Jos. Desautels, Thomas
Bedouin and Henry Griffin.

Let us now record the list of advocates in Montreal just before the
Rebellion of I8;i7-8. Tl ere were Stephen Sewell K.' ., David Ross, K,C.,
Joseph Bedard, K.C.. Hon. iJenisB. Viger, Janvier I). Lacroix, B. Beau-
bien, F. H. Bendei", Ant. L. Levesque, Hon, P, D. Debartzch, Louis M.
Viger, F. A. Quesnel, Samuel Gale, John Boston, Hon. L. J. Papineau, M.
O'Sullivan, Hugues Heney, Chas. R Ogden, Sol. General, '^ lexis Baurrett,
James U. Giant, D. B. RoUin, Samuel W. Monk, Alex. .McMillan,
Toussaint Peltier, Geo. S. Henshaw, William Walker, Peter N. Rosaiter,

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

1A6

Alex. Buchanan, (\ C S DeBleury, D. Mondelet, Philippe Kriineaii, Robt
Morrough, Hyp. St. George Dupre, C. S. Cherrier, C. J. E. Mundelet,
llypolite Guy, E. A- Clark, J. S. MtCord, Henry Driscol, Pierre Bibaud,
Wni. Badgley, Frederick (JriHii), \Vin. Hyan, John Stanley, J. H. Johnson,
Daniel Salmon, Jolin Bleiikiey, James G. Scott, Prancis P. Terroux,
Duncan '^isher, Campbell Sweeney, Edward T. Jones, C. D. Day, E. E.
Rodier, Arthur Ross, Levi Adamn, Thomas Nye, Thomas Barron. James
Sniitli, Augurttin N. Morin, P. B, T, de Montigny, N. C; Radiger, J. M. H.
Lennox, Leon (Josselin, Pierre Moreau, John Sexton, William K. McCord,
Louis Hyp, Lafontaine, John Usher, Hugh Taylor, Robert Armour, and
John Pickel.

When reading over the above list, how many of these names are to
the inhabitants of present Montreal as " Household Words." We see the
origin of the names cf many of our streets and blocks of buildings
taken from them, but above ail how many bearing these names in after
years sat on the Bench of Lower ( anada, or occupied most important
situations, either in th<^ administration of justice or in the political arena
of their country, or were connected with the troubles of 1837-3H.

As we liave given lists of the Advocates of Montreal at the com-
mencement and middle of this century, we will now give a list of the
most prominent Advocates of A'ontreal, at the close of this nineteenth
century, only adding tliat at its beginning they were not many only
thirty and at its close tliere are some hundreds. Prominent amongst them
is the ( ity Attoney. J. R. Roy, Q.C, with his able confrere and joint
Attorney, L. J. Ethier, Q. C.

He is a native of St. Eustache, County of Two-Mountains, and was
born in 1H55. He studied at St. Mary's College, Montreal and obtained
the degree of B. C. L. at McGill University, where he carried off the
first prize for a thesis on Law. He studied law with the well known
firm of Messrs. Judah Wurtele anJ Roy, and was admitted to the Bar in
I881I, when he was appointed one of the City Attorneys, which position
he has held up to the present date. He was made Queen's Counsel in
1890.

He was also an officer of the (55th Regiment for ten years. In 1>'85,
he went to the North W^est with his regiment as Captain commanding
No. H company.

He has been watching the City's interests in a great many cases
before all the Courts of this Country, and even before the Privy Council
in England. He has been attached to the Law since October 1876, over
21 years and has given it his earnest study and attention hence the
position he holds to-day one of the most responsible in the city.

e.t*«HC!WJWi><W'iw:'iM(i-5i'''W.>*<v>f'-iir.','-.- (•->^-w«-'i'

1(A

HISTORY OP MONTRRAL,

No list cnulil l)e ciiinpU'tc williotit our K''*'t*"'t (^ritiiinnl liiivv\t*r IFeiiii
St lieii'i- (.i.lJ., IVrluips few know of tlio fainoiis liiHJ.s iipijlicable to li lu
and his ^ffat name siike.

" II I'mit hien I'rtVOMer, iin Ciel sur la t«rre.
Nous avoiis (It'itx |>uis8ants St Pierre :
I, "mi NJrjje avi'c eclat an port brillant des cieux.
L'autre aux portes de tVr de prisons de ces lieux "

Jiiit tli(> -iniilaritv finishes in tlie conclndinjjr versie.

"N'oiia l)ien la resemblance;

IMais (plant a ce qn'anx leurs ils peuvent garautir.

Quelle est done la difference 1'

Kli ! Lim les fait entrer, I'antre les fait sortir"

This alone is snflicient to enlopixe our friend. His life sketch Iihs
often been written and now here better tlian in my own JJiogriii)hical
Gazetteer.

List of Chief Lepil firms : —Abbotts, Campbell iSc Meredith ; Arehara-
baidt, Chauvin » Leclair ; Atwatcr, Duclos and Mackie; Auge, (Jio-
beu'-ky and l/\niarie: Edmoiid IJiirnard and Co.: Heauciiamp and
HrncJK si ; Jieansoleil and Chotpiet ; Heiipie, Lafontidne, Tui-peon and
Robertson; l^erard and Jirodenr ; IJethune and Hethune; HisMillon,
Bro.sseau and Lajoie ; Hiu-rouKhs and HurrouKhs ; Unsteed and Lane;
Butler and Carmichael ; Charbonneau and Pelletier : H. J. Cloran;
J. i*. Cooke, Q.C; .James Crankshu w ; Cruicksiiank and Cruickshank ;
Davidson and Hitchie; Pay huo i>ay: I'emersand I 'eLorimier ; Dolierty,
Sicotte and Uarnard ; N. Driscoll ; ('lievalier G. A. Mrolet; Dunlop,
Lyman and MclMierson ; ,*]m.U(l and iaschereau: Fostt^r, Martin and
Girouard ; Hon. J'\ K. (iilman ; Greenshields and (ireenshields ; llatton
and McLennan : JIutchison and OiiKhtred ; Hall, Casgrain, Brown and
Sharp; .Jndaii, Branchand and Kavanagh ; jjalleur and Mcl'ougall;
Lamothe and Truilel : Liglithall and Ilarwool : MacMaster and Mac-
lennan ; N'artineati and Pelfausse; McCOrmick and Claxton ; G. A
Marsan ; E. A. Morgan ; (J. A. Morrison; Morris and Holt; T. Pagnuelo
M adore and Guerin ; Prefontaiae, St. .lean, Arclier and Decarie ; Rinfret
and Lamoureux : J. M. Quinn ; Robertson, Fleet and Falconer; St. Pierre,
Pelissier and Wilson ; Stephens and Hntcliins ; Taillon, Bonin and Morin;
'i'aylor and Huchan ; N. W. Tretdiohne, Q.C. ; Henry Tucker ; Walsh and
Whelan ; Weir and Hibbard ; W. A. Weir.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

lor

iSioNUMENT MAISOXNEUVE.

HFSTOllY OF MONTREAL.

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HISTORY OF MONTREAL

JMncc ^•armc{J Square

This is ono oF tljo inosi colebratuii spots hi Montreal. It not only
non', contains tliu fhio monument of itM l<\)uii(iHr, but on every Hide of it,
are Buildinjfs, whit'li can foinpato vvitli any in tlio ('ities of this
Continent. Stand at our I'oandi'r's .Moiiuiuent 'vucl ^a/.n all around. On
the south side tlior-j is tho K'"'''''i'l«'<t of all I'arish (Miurclies and tlio
largest Bell in Amurica. Opposite are the Imperial liuildinK-s and the
Rank of Montreal. On thii east side roars up t'lo lofty hoiKht of The
NeVv York l^ifo Insurancie Co. with its luullitudlMoiis oHicos of "all
sorts" and also the .faccpies Cnrtier li ink. On tin; opposite side are seen
the Building of tiie Royal Insurance Co, whilst over all chimes the old
clock of the Seminary telling us as it dous that " tempus fuKit". Tills
even now at the close of this liusy lUt!i coiitury is a secred spot. But let
us go back to the olden days anil why it rci-civtMl its name. It is told us
in the early History of Montreal that, the Indians were continually a
source of great dangei to these early settlers. Tliese Hed men would
watch sometimes for days for some one to pass the palisades, and then
pounce upon the unfortunate straggler, torn ihawk, scalp, and brutally
murder him. Tliis occasioned Maisonneuve to order that no man should
go out or be near the outside walls witliout permis'^ion. which rule was
imputed by his men to cowardice on (ho part of their leader. This so
galled liim that he detei luiiied to show that he was as brave as they
were, and ordered his men to jirejiire to attack the enemy and he would
lead ihem himself.

He sallied fortli at the head of thirty men, leaving d'Aillebout with
the balance to liold the fort. After they liad waded through the snow
for some distance, tliey were attacked by the Ircxjuois, wlio killed three
of hi.'? men and wounded several others. i^Iaisonneuve and his party
held their ground until iheir ammunition began to fail, and then he f,'ave
orders to retreat, he himself remaining to the last, 'i he men struggled
onward for some time facing the enemy, but finally they broke their
ranks and retreated in great disorder towards the fort. Maisonneuve,
with a pistol in each hand, lield the Indians in check for some time.
They might have killed liim, but they wished to take him prisoner.
Their chief, desiring this honor, rushed forward ; but, just as he was
about to grasp him, Maisonneuve fired and he fell dead. The Indians
fearing that the body of tlieir chief would fall into the hands of the
French, rushed forward to secure it, and Maisonneuve passed safely
withiu the fort. From that day his men never dared to impute cowardice
to him.

-xsmpimm:-

HIMTOUY OF MONTH KAL.

Tho nioNt rMVctivf minrdimi ..I' the fort whm ii fiMuale dofl; named
"I'ilotf". Kvt'iy iiiuriiiii^- ir^'iiliuly I'iltitf, would patrol iviui luiiku «i
I'HconnoitoriiiK t<Mii' all over tliH town. It in hhU\ hIih trained her own
yoiuiK to be most vaiiiabli' allu's to their masters. WhiMievcr thoHe (hign
piTceivcd any tiaci-s of tlif iro<|ii(iis. tiud more spi'ciii''y wJJon Tilote
had discovfri'd any '^iRrix, tjii-ii hack tli-y iiin to tim I'ort, giv'iuf^ a
particidat- bay to intimate tliat daiiKiT was tnnh. 'i hen the coloniatH
became alert, and thev had need to be, for already had five Frenehraen
falleit bet'ote the deadly totnahawk of the lro(|uois. (iuillaume Hoissier,
the liist person bnrieti in Montreal one of the llvo -was reverently laid
in the little cemetery nt •' I'ointe a < allieros."

Tliis enf«»iinter took place, it is supposed, .jnst where the monument
is now erected to Maisoniieuvo in I'laco d'Armes. Indeed the name
signifies the occnrrence ret'erreil to.

In connection with the old spot wiiich may well bo called "The
Hub ol' Montieal," many curious events are connected, chief amun^:
tliese i8 the following relative to the times just previoun to the declara-
tion of independence of the Anunican Colonies. It is taken from my
larger History of the ( ity.

•' In connection witli the tamperinir of tiie loyalty of the ( anadiana at
the time of the American Hcvolutionary war, the follow img incident may
be mentioned to show how far some peopl»» will go to try and accomplish
their ends. Tliere was at tiiis time a fine i)ust of His M 'jesty, Cteorge
III, erected in the I'lace d" Arm^-s Square. Early in the year 1775 or at
the close of 1771, one morning this said bust was found all daubed with
tarry paint, a ehaplet of potatoes j)laced on it, and on tlie breast a notice
whicli read thus: '■ Heboid the Pope of Canada and the Knglish Sot."

Altliough till' (iovernor olTered a large reward for the perpetrators
' f this insult to His .Majesty, it was never found out, but some one of the
Amerii-ans then in .Montreal was suspected with good reason of being
I lie cidpiit. Tlie bust was mysloriously removed, but tlie stand still
remaineil. 'I Im hend of tiii ' le^t is row to be seen on a plaster bust in the
rooms of the Montreal -Natural History Society. This also is recorded in
the records of the Court. .Fanuary, 171Jn, in the presentiuent of the Grand
Jury, where they say: "Tiiit the building situated upon the Place
d'Armes under which Mis Majesty's bust was formerly placed is a public
nuisance and ought to be f)ulled down. "Tlie Court granted the re-juest
atid " orders that tho sanio be pulled <lown accordingly." It had remained
for fifteen years after the insidt to the King and seven years after the
final indept>ndence of the Colonies of .America. Mr. P. S. Murphy lately
told me that the bust w.is found at the bottom of the old well which
was in the Place d'Armes wiien .some workingmen were excavating for
certain repairs at that part of the city. Tliis pump (or well) was one of
the old places where tho citi/eus got their water supply.

HrsTOHV OP MONTREAL.

IMPEKIAL BUILDING.

112

HIHTORY OF MONTRKAL.

The I'HriHli Cliiin-li of Notro Drtino in tli«« liirK«Mt ('liiirch of Itu cIiihm
in tliH Doiniiiioii. It Ih liiiilt of cut liinuNtoiiH in tlitt (totliic ntyle. 'I'liu
nrcliitect WHH (ill IriMiniian hy name O'Doiiiiull wlio is hiiriud in the vauitN.
Thin Krave in Hiirnxuuied by ucaMt iron fence. We can rea<l tiie following
iuMuriptiou, atlixed to a roiitih wliiti; luifble ttlab which Hbataii :

"CI GIT
Jntnes O'Donnell, EHqnire,
Architect, born in Ireland,
Who (lied in thin city
The 28th .lanuary, 18;",0,
In tile noth year of \\i» nge.

" He labored f'vo yearn on this Churcli, K>vinK tlie plans and directing
the works with /.eal and intelli^eiu'e. Having: embraced the (Jatholic Faith
he desired that liis remains mi^lit rust l)mieath. Ills disinterestedness
his talents and hi-t |)robity of character were worthy tiiu esteem of this
Parish ; and the Uhnreh-Wardeus have consecrated this monument to hio
memory.

*' RequiHHcat in Face."

To this, I added in my late Gazetteer " Why not, at least, place some
rich mural design on the B^round tloor of the Churcii? Let the Irish
Roman Catholic people of the city bestir themselves and raise some
better monument to him who was an honor to the land of lus bu'th and
a lit companion of Christopher Wren who built St. Paul's, Loudon. '

The Church is very ornate 2^5 feet long, 134 feet wide and the
towers are 2*27 feet hii{h. In one of them hangs "Gros Bourdon," the
largest bell in America, weighing '■?U,400 lbs. There are II) smaller hells.
The building could easily contain 10,1)00 people. In its rear there is a
Chapel, the interior of which ia a masterpiece of beautiful wood-
carving.

The Imperial Buildings were once " the City Bank " which was
presided over so long by the lite Willam Workman ; a well known man
was he. Not only was he one of the Mayors of Montreal, but one of the
founders of the great eatablisliment of " Fortbingham & Workman " of
St. Paul street.

He was a man of great abilities and great likes and dislikes. The
Author was one of his likes. Few people know that he served as an
officer during and previous to the rebellion of 1837-8.

The following is a fact and speaks volumes for our old Mayor and
Banker.

UrsTORY OF MONTRRAL

WhiMi till) KxHcutlon of thi* tIrNt two patriots liiul Iimhii aiH-uinpliHliHil
and the riuxt Mvit was (im;i(ltt(| on, Mr. Workman wtnit to Sir .iolin
Colli >rne ami iinlxK'ltlinK hit HNVord, laid it down before the Oovurnor
with these wonis : ' I hav« fitithfnlly sorved Hor Majesty, but (or these
jti(!i4'ial murders I have nothiuK but reimKnanue, huiu'et'ortii I will never
wear a sword again." He kept his wonl and from that (hiy he was
never attached to any Volunteer Militia (!orps. The liuildintf now \h a
nest of olllces Mince its reconstruction atid some of our beHt Hrtus
advocates and others ttre located within itn walls.

^bc f irdt (^ana^ian Banh.

In the summer of 1817 a number of prominent merchants of thiM-lty,
after iiolding several meetinffs. formed a cDinpiiny with a capital of
lHI,(»()(),()(U) and started the Bank of Montreal. Thev h^.d no charter, for
in those lUys the obtaining of rights for private companies was a very
dinicult and tedious undertaking, as after the necessary lugi-«lation had
passed the Provincial Government, the whole matter had to be sent to
the British (government for sanction. It was a pu/./le to the Bank how
to issue bills for circulation without making each stockholder personally
liable for their payment, but at last the following form for the reading
of their notes was adopted : -

"The President and Directors of tlie Bunk of Montreal promise to
pay A. B., or bearer, the sum of five dollars (or other amount) out of tha
.joint funds (»f the Association, and no other."

This form was, of course, dropped when the charter was obtained
The Act ot incorporation was not obtained until IHil, and, having been
reserved for consideration by the I lome Government of tho-e days after
the usual custom, it was not proclaimed as law until 18J2. The capital
stock was fixed at £"250,000 a sum which :*eeras large for a town of less
than 20.000 inhabitants. The charter was renewed from time to time as
it expired and the capital increased, until it has now attained the sum of
$12,000,000 with a rest of $«,000,000. The Bank of Montreal is not only
as to the capital, the largest colonial bank, but it is the largest bank in
North America, the fifth largest in the British Empire, and the eighth
largest joiutstock bank in the world.

The charter of the bank marked it from the first as a Montreal
institution. Foreigners or aliens could not vote at stockholders' meet-
ings, and directors could be selected only among British subjects who
liad resided in the Province for seven years and in the City at least three
years. The bank therefore b'jcame identified with the fortunes of tlie
city, and its great success is an evidence of the commercial ability of the
merchants who have successively administered it.

IIISTOIIV OF MONIHI AL

^^■"^F" ,■ • ' ' 'I

MONTi.EAl, HANK,

HFSTOHY OK MONTURAL

11B

^y.

NKW YOllK i.IFlO lU'lLUJNO.

llfl

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

John Grey, a retired diy proods luerctmiit, was tlie first President of
the Hank; Robert (Jriflfin, the Hrst Cashier. The dirnetors were some of
the most prominent business men of tlie city. They were Hon. Jolin
Ricl)nr(lson, Samuel Gerard, Thomas I Imin, Horatio Gates, George Auldjo,
John > Olson, Thomas A. Turner, William Krraatinper, Zabdiel Thnyer
and David David. On the 1st of October, I SI 7, the first bank note was
issued by the Montreal Bank. Notwithstaudiujf the prejudice of the
•'habitants" nKainst paper money, ihe Bank prospered until 1H24. when
Samuel Gerard was made President. He, by his mismanagement, had
lost the one-third of its capital by 1827. John Molson then became
President, and tlie losses were redeemed in a few years ; at that time the
Bank paid no dividend. It occupied for the first few years of its existence
a small buildinn: in St. Paul street, and then moved into the much larger
one in St. James Street.

The building is of the Corinthian order and forms a pleasing contrast
to the other buildings which surround it and specially to the great Church
of i's'otre Dame ripht o jiosite to it. The Hculpture of the pediment
representing CauHdian scenes, is the work of Mr. Steel, R. S, A. Some of
the frescoes in the interior of the Bank are considered very fine and well
worthy of any strnnger visiting them whether he he business in the
Bank or nor. Some of our mo«*t prominent men are now associated in
the management of tliis great Institution, but the chief responsibility of
course rests on Mr. Clonston, who has so effectually managed the affairs
for years past and raised its well known character even higher in the
estimation of the general public.

The ^ew York Life Building is one of the most imposing in the City.
It is the highest structure perhaps in .Montreal as used for offices. Scores
of such are found in it and they too represent a great variety of the firms
of the City, notably, " the Gas Company " which has done so much for
the lighting of Montreal Vief ore the advent of Electricity. A line view
can be obtained from the top where is to be found a large library and
other appliances for the benefit of the offices connected with the
Building.

The Bank Jacques-Cartier is also worthy of notice. The whole of
the west side of the square consists of business centres, the most
important being "The Royal Insurance Company" and in its Vaults the
" Montreal Trust .V Deposit Company,"

St. 3amC0 Street (Rue St. Jacques.)

This was the second street opened up by M. Dollier de Canon in 1674.
He called it after, not only. St, James the Aposlle, but especially after M.
Jacques Olier, one of the first founders of Montreal and one of the first
Sulpicians in the Seminary. St. Jnmrs street or Rue St. Jacques, begins now
at the Court House and takes in what was some years ago called " Little

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

117

St James Street." croHsing McGill street at Victoria S(juare it has absorbed
what was once linnaventure street and continues wfst as far as the City
Limits. Two well known H(|iiares abut it. Place dWrmcs and Victoria.
In the early days of Montreal, not only was tliore a Hurying (jiround in
Place d'Arnies but also one where stands the St Lawrence Hotel. Great
changes have taken place in tliis street. It can now boast of some of the
most beautiful and important buildings, liavks, fine (■toreu, Mecharmi's
Inxtitule, Insurance Buildings etc., all combining to make this street one of
the very best in Montreal. The widening of old Bunircnture street has
given a uniform breadth from tlie Court House to the fine Hunaventure
Station of tlie G. T. H. and the removal ^f the Amerirnn I'leobijtcrvm
Church and the Methodid Church to localities in the upper West End, has
enabled the Temple Jhiildiric/ and the large fine structure where tlio first cf
these Churches stood, to be erected, on the vacant sites tliey occupied
and thus add to tlie business of the street.

In olden time, Montrealers well knew "Tattsrsall's Horse Market"
Many a man was " bitten " after he supposed that ho had bought a " fine
Iiorse." I well remember the hubub and exitement of tlie Jehues and
habitants when an old plug was led forth to undergo the round of the
yard and the bids began to rise sometimes from two dolhirs up to ten on
an old animal. All is gone, horse and rider have long since passed away
and imposing buildings now take the place of " Tattersall's."

Little St. James street has disappeared. It is now a part of the
general street, but fifty years ago it was a very tony street and in it
resided some very good citizens, a- well as round the corner of it in St.
Gabriel street. I can well remember tiiat one of my flrs*^^ calls in
1850 was on one of the most intliiential Physicians I'r, McCullougli
who had his stone residence here, which stands to this day, and I never
yet pass the door but the recollection of that visit and the genial Doctor
loom up before my eyes.

Three great newspapers have their publishing offices in this street.
The Star. La Prcsse, La Fatrie. The Star has had a wonderful progress
since it started in Montreal and under the proprietorsliip and guidance
of Hugh Graham (once a pupil of the writer) it has far outstri})ped all
English papers in the Dominion.

La Pressc, has the greatest circulation of the French papers of
the Dominion. It is one of the most enterprising publications issued and
shows a progressive purpose, that makes it a recognized organ for all
political parties. Under the targis of its young and energetic present
Editor it is destined to further advance and make rapid strides in the
newspaper literature of Canada.

La Patrie is the recognized organ of the French Liberals as the
Herald is of the English speaking.

118

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

When we look at our present Post Oitice and remember tlie one
almost oj)iJo.site and still go t'urther back to the early days we may well
be pioiul of it. Let our minds travel back just exactly I'K) years to the
year 1707 and this Is what our I'ost Ottice arrangements show. The
English Mail was once a month . It was sent by way of New York after
the final signing of Independence by (Jreat Britain, and was four
weeks in gt^tting to New ^'ork from Montreal to the jjacketsliij)
that carried it across the Atlantic. One had to wait, not four
weeks, but four months, before an answer was received from the
other side. Let us follow the answer back, of this letter, which was
sent to Britain four months ago. The packet returning called at Halifax,
whence the letter would in a month's time arrive in Montreal. We may
well be proud of tlie lUth century. Science, in many of its most
wonderful divisior)s, lay slumbering till its advent. Steam coaches,
stearasliips, steam mills of every description, telegraphs by land and sea,
telephones and phonographs, sewing machines and all the wonders by
electricity, iron ships and ironclads, smokeless powder, things never
before conceived nor thought of in the mind of man — these are the
inventions ot the 19th century ; and when a daily mail leaves CanaJa,
not only for Ureat Britain, but for France, IJermany, Belgium and a host
of other countries, it does seem strange to us that the postal autliorities
slioidd have issued this notice about this period : " Letters for any imrt
of the Continent of Europe are to be sent under cover to a correspondent
in London, otherwise they cannot be forwarded from tliis province."

The head of the Montreal Post Office is Arthur I ansereau, Esq.
He is one of the most prominent men of letters in Canada. Born at
Contrecaiur in 1844, in 186.*, he entered as a student in the office of Mr.
(iirouard, attended Mc(»ill College and then graduated as li. ( . L, and in
li"'(J5 was admitted to tlie Bar.

In 1870, he became one of tlie proj)rietor8 of La Mincrve from which
he retired in 18H0. In lebruary Ifi^i he was appointed Post Master of
Montreal. During his incumbency the whole internal economy of the
I uilding has been improved and the Post Office is now in a better state
tliau it was ever before.

The St. Lawrence Hall has not always been under the proprietorship
and eye of its present well known owner.

A hundred and fifty years ago, was situated where now stands the
St Lawrence Hall, an old cemetery. This Hotel is one of the best known
and most frequented Houses in the Dominion, Henry Hogan the
genial proprietor is as well known as his Hall but apart from this, if any
man deserves thanks and praise as a patriotic citizen he does. He, at
great risk and expense bought years ago the Gale Farms in the East end
of the city, then the Village of Hochelaga— and long before the C. P. R.
located its shops and terminus there.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

110

!Sr. LAWUKNCK IIAI.I.

120

HISTORY OP MONTtlEAL.

TluH move on the part of Mr. Hogaii, was the first to develop the
East End and every one interested in itn development may pray tliat the
en«'rgetic proprietor ol' theHu acres may live long to see the realization
of his desires.

As Rector of ITochelaKa for 21 years, the writer knows more than
others of the many acts of charity and goodness which Mr. Ilogan has
done all creeds, when he hecame the largest Real Estate owner in tliat
municipality.

The Temple liuilding is built on the site of the Methodist Church which
has been removed to St. Catherine street. A great number of ofllces are
found in this vast pile, including all the different phases of business
life. It is one of the most imposing buildings in the city and a great
addition to tlie many tine structures in St. James street.

i!eside it, is the Guardian Building also containing many oftices.
The Standard lluilding is one of the finest in Canada and contains not
only the headquarters of that Institution for Eastern Canada, but also a
Bank and many offices.

'I he Mercliants Bank was established in I8fi4, with Hugh Allan as
President and Jackson Rae as Cat-hier and occupied the premises on
Place d'Armes now belonging to the Royal Insurance Co., the new
Building on St. James street was completed in the fall of the year

1^7;!.

In 1H77, the well known present Manager George Hague Esq.
wits called upon to take tlie management of the Bank and the I onorable
John Hamilton was elected President, which offiu-e ho filled till 1XH2.

Sir 1 ugh Allan was then again made President but died a few
months afterwards. He was succeeded by Mr. Andrew Allan, his
Brother, who still holds the position.

The Mechanic's Institute is one of the few Libmries in Montreal,
There are about Iv, 000 volumes on the shelves. '1 he Reading Room, is
well patronized bv the Public, but the Institution is not in that flour-
ishing condition it should be in. Some years ago a large I 'otel 1 he Ottawa,
stood on the same side of the street nearer the trquaie, now made into
shops and offices.

One of our oldest and best known citizens has his place of business in
this street, Charles Alexander, He is now 82 years of age but yet hale
and hearty and attends to his ( uties in his large establishments in this
and St. C atherine streets as any young man of half his age. But it is as
a large hearted citizen that his name will ever stand in the annals of
Montreal. He entirely built " The Boy's H ome " a fine Institution for
destitute boys and such like, and he is intimately connected with several
Benevolent Societies. He has done a great amount of good. His sons

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

12!^

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

meikjiiant's i-.ank.

I '

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

Itt

now nlmoHt entirely conduct tiie bunincss. Wo are k''*'* to place a
rec'ord of this indnHtry iu St. Jhiiics strcut as a slight rc.iovrnition of a
wortliy man and one who whs once one of the Aldermen of the City, bh
well as one of its MemberH of I'nrlianieMt at (Quebec.

There is perhapn no store in tlie city, tlie external anil internal
appearance of which is u)ore suxuestive of elcfjance and solidity than
that of K. Ilenisley'H, niHnnfactnring jeweller, 'i'tfi and :.'57 St. James
Street. 'I'ho spacious windows alone contain richer .stock than an
ordinary sized jjewelry store, while the inside is a revolution.
Counters of solid, shining |)late ^rlass, top and sides, run along either
side of the retail department, and answer the double pur|)ose of counter
and show case. Upon their crystal shelves, witliin. is exposed to view a
collection of rare and precious gems, and of Jewelry, cutlery, and
China and silverware, etc,, the most beautiful that money can ))urciiase,
or art tlevise.^

Pardonable as woultl be any pride which Mr. Hemsley might evince
in the arrangement of his store, or in tlie comjilcte selection of stock
there to be seen, it is in the nuinufactory that he takes the greatest
interest. Here it is tiiat those beatifid and ar(i>tic souvenir sjjoons,
and the enamelled cufflinks, stick pins and hat jjins, brooches and other
jewelry, everywhere to bo seen, are designed and finished. Mr. Hemsley
fctarted this venture l«'>-s than half a do/en years ago. and by his persev-
erance and originality has made the field practically his own. Year by
year the industry has grown, and the ever enlarging factory is being
pushed to its utmost capacity to supply the demand for those beautiful
articles.

Mr. Hemsley now has the Canadian field pretty much to limself,
and has invaded the American and British maikets, and is about to
export to Australia.

The whole system ef manufacturing has been originated and perfect-
ed by experiments conducted by himself.

Victoria Square did not always have this name. It was of old called
" Commissioner's Square " on account of the Commission established to
regulate this square and attend to tlie wharves of the river, Vience the
street opened up between St. Paul street and the river received also the
same name. When the monument to Her Majesty was erected in this
Square the name was changed to Victoria. (Jreat events have been
enacted here, witness the Gavazzi Riots, the Orunge Riots and such
like, and we can recollect the imposing St. Patrick's Hall, at the east
corner of it where the writer organized a Scotch concert and by the
kindness of Col. Fielding , the splendid Band of the Rifle Brigade played
for the last timef in Montreal. This was just after the Red River
Expedition nnder Col. Wolselev now (fjord) and Generalissimo of the

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lUHTOUY OF MONTKEAL,

ITISTOHY OF MONTUKAL,

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118

IIISTOIIV OF MONTUKAL

HfsTOUY OP MONTIlRAr.

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G. T. K. STATiON.

iiiiKA&k,',, :.:-<> .■■;S?'ilW!i&jk:^JW:tfiI{?PS ¥'■•:". .

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MiaTOIlY (JK MONTUKAL

HrltiNli Army. A fnw dnyM only nfter ihnt I'oiicnrt the mwt fell in niui
tli« biiildiiiK ^viiN (lumoliHlied aiuI lii itN plHce are thu Itiiu storeH to b«
ite»n to (lity.

All rontul tlin Hqimr« are noine fln« rown of Ntonn hulldlnKn, con-
ipitMioiiN iiinoiiK wliicli nrn wlint whm once the V.M.C. AHHOfiatioii Kontiis
now oi'(;u|ilml iin n MiiMin(«NN CoIIoku. At the corner of the Square «)n
8t. JnnieM Htreet went once hUmmI a large Motel " St. JanieN." A ^reitt fire
with loNH of life, left it hi ruinii. Now|b large handMonie block haH been
erected where it Htood.

Heaver Hall Mill In early thnen at or near where St. Andrew'H(!hurch
now Ih, had a large reMidencc erected acroHH the ntreet and aH itH propriet«)r
WHN one of the leading npirttH in the North WeMt Fur Company, and the
principal |>eltry wan Meavcr, preNiunFilily he gave that name to hln
rcHidence. Now all in changed but the name atill remahiH.

St. pm\ Street an^ Cominieeionere.

Some people imagine that tluH street waH named after St. Paul of
Biblical fame, but in this they make a miHtake. It was the third street
laid out by Nf. Oollier de (!auon, Superior of the Seminary and represent-
ing the " Seigneurs dc Montreal " and as a late distinguished member of
that body lias said of tills same Superior, it was he " (pii dutermina ces
aligneinentH, Hxa le parcours des ditTerentes rues et donna lea noins qui
ont et<i conserves j'usqua present."

He called this street after the name of the heroic founder " Paul de
Maisonneuve." In process of time, the Saint wan gradually put before it
and now it is altogether known by the name of St. Paul street. Though
it is still that narrow street aa in the olden time a vast amount of business
ia transacted within its borders.

At the Weat end, or near to it, was erected, almost immediately
after the commencement of the settlement of Montreal, a citadel called
" Pointe a CaUifra " and we may judge of tJie strength and good position
of thia Fort, by the fact tliat it resisted for 35 years, all the attacks of
the brave, but blood thirsty Iroquois Indians. Maisonneuve also built
in or near the Fort, several erections, for convenience or security, a
chapel, hospital, barracka for the garrison and a magazine for goods for
trading with the Savages.

In 1651, the Governor eatabliahed a common for paaturage. It was
40 arpents in length and under the protection of the guna of the Fort.
Thia common afterwards became Commi^aioners and Common streets.
The banks <' f the Saint Lawrence were not, as they are now, lined with
splendid wharves, but the waters laved the shores and the cattle tjuietly
walked down to the water's edge and drank without let or hindrance,
wbiUt the youngsters enjoyed themselves in the river.

HISTORY or M0NTR8AL.

HonMH<H)iirM Mnrkot in tlii< iHi'^t^Mt biiihlii k in contim'tiiin with IIimnm
•«tret4tM, but by t'nr tli» tnoNt iiitcreNtitiK in rnnHmuMir (/liiirch, now tlio
(>l«l««Nt in Mitnti-Hiil. Tint MHi'k«<t still ImliN itn ii>vn itvuii now am tli«
|ik-inci|iiil ono of tilt* ( it\ mill on MttrkHt l>'»y it ih Ntill a sif<|it to Nctt
tlitf Kfi'i^t concour-iti of } Hi'diei's antl coui'try I'tiniHN, with tlii<ir vhhI
vni'i(«ty of prodncc. W liiit an amount oT liiiHinHSH in lionH in linnffcour
StirtI and Jn(*(|neM CartiMr Si|uai'o and in and aioniid the Murhl and it In
rnrtf if oni* cannot find <*v«m-\ tliinK "rroni a medio tonnandior" within
•ionie one or othiT of the Htonw at tliis part of tlm City I'ln* .Hiinio can
liM Naid of St I'aul Street and of tliat tine Itlock heUuiKinK to the Nuns,
for in it and the re»it (»f thii old Street and off ntreetH ih trannaeted a
vast amount of the iinnienNu liuHineHH of Montreiii not forgetting that,
helotiKinMr to the ilarlior is dontMii ( 'oniniiNslonerN Htroet and Common
Street.

One of the most important MnildinK^ in Montreal is sitnateil heie.
The Cnstoms House, what an amount of mone, s monthly sent to Ottawa
from thiM Houree. It amounts to between •'> or (I millions of (hillars an-
nually as the average. ThearranKt^ments are perfeet for the faeiiita-
tinu: of the mnltitudinons loads of gooils which pHss throuKli its gates, and
the City of Montreal may well be pr<Mul of its Customs ll«Mise. I hough
the city Ift Hituated TiOl) miles from the Atltintic Ocean the energy Hnd
enterprise of its merchants, have raiseii it from its infantine state to be
now the eighth city iti si/e in the Cuntineut of Am>tric i and when the
Canals and llivers are deepened in a few years to come and the divelop-
nients of the improvement in its Harbor witii new Mricges etc., all
e(<tuplete then it will become indued the great comiuercial Emporium of
the Dominion and the pride of every Canadian be he a citi/.eu of
her borders or not.

Another most im;tortant Huilding is that of the Messrs Allan's Line
of Steamers. Montrealera have much to thank thesc> two Urothers. Sir
Hugh and Andrew Allan for the commencement of that wonderful line
of Hteamers which bears this name, and for the many other lines uhich
now make i^he Port of Montreal one of the best ktiowii in the
World.

• '

The old Custom's Square still remains. It is now called Place Royal.
Many a curious sight which the eyea of modern Montrealers never have
looked upon has been seen transacted in the long ago, in this siiuare
chief of which I may mention " The Red CroHs"

1 have ranch pleasure to present here to ray readers Mr. P. S.
Murphy's history of "I-a Croix Rouge."— "The Red Cross is at the corner
of Guy and Dorchester streets, which for a century and a quarter has so
prominently marked the burial place of Belisle, the murderer, and has

<,i-(>m

190

HT«»TORY OF VONTREAI..

lonK been an object of curious Hpeciilation. The popular story ia that it
markH the grrave of a notorious highwayman, who robbed and murdered
Imhitnuls returning from Montreal to St. Laurent and the back country
by Dorchester street, which was at that time the only liighway west of
So. Lawrence street. 1 his story is somewhat incorrect. Bellsle was i ot
a highway robber, his crime was house-breakiug and a double murder.
He lived on Le Grand Chemindu Hoi, now called Dorchester street, near
the bpot where the Red Cross stands. On the other side of the road
and a little higher up, Jean Favre and his wife Marle-Aune B isiiea
lived. Kavre was reputed to be woU off and to have money in his houne.
This excited the cupidity of Belisle, who formed the project of robbing
his neighbor, and accordingly, one dark night, broke into the htiuse and
fired his pistol at F'avre, when, however, only wounding him, he
stabbed him to ileat I with a large hunting knife. Pavre's wife ru>he I
in to help her hiisl)and, and was met by Belisle, who plunged the knife
into her breast, and then despatched her by a blow of a spade. Belisle
was suspected, and soon a'tur arrested, tried, convicted and condemned
to the terrible punishment of " breaking alive" nmipu vlf), which was
then in force under the Frencli regime in Canada. Belisle was condemned
to " torture ordinary and extraordinary," then to be broken alive on a
scaffold erected in the Market Place (the present Custom House Square)
in the city.

"This awful sentence was carried out to the letter, his body buried
in Guy street, and tHe Red ( ross erected to mark the spot, as fully des-
cribed in the following document, which is not only interesting but
historically valuable :

'"' Extrait da Rcqulsitoive du P ocureur du Hoi.

'• ' Je A quiers pour le Roi que Jean Baittiste Goyerdit Belisle soit
d^clar^ di\ment atteint et convaincu d'avoir de d ssein pr^medit^ attsas-
sin^ le dite Jean Favre d'un coup de pistolet et de pluaieura coups de
couteau, et d'avoir pariellement assassine la dite Marie-Anne Bastien,
r^pouse du dit Favre, a coups de b^che et dt- couteau, et de leur avoir
vole I'argent qui etait dans leur maison ; pour reparation de quoi il soit
condamn6 avoir les bras, jambes, cuisses et reins rompus vifs sur un
^chafaud qui, pour cet effet. sera dress^ en la place du march^ de cette
ville, k midi ; ensuite sur une roue, la face tournee vers le ciel, pour y
flnir ses jours. Le dit Jean Baptiste Goyer dit Belisle prealablement
applique k la question ordinaire et extraordinaire; cefait. son corps mort
porte par I'ex^cuteur de la haute justice sur le grand chemin qui est entre
la maison ou demeurait le dit accuseet celle qu'occupaient les dits de-
flints Favre et sa femme, Les bieus du dit Jean Baptiste Goyer dit

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

131

Helisle acqiUH et couiisquos an Roi, on i\ q<ti il appai-tieiiira stir ieeiix, on
^ coiix mm siiietH a coiifiscation, prrilabloment pris la somme de troh
cents livres d'aiuenJu, en caH que eouliscation n'ait pas 'ieii on profic de
Sa Majestt'.

•* • Fait a Montreal le Juin 1752.

" ' CSign6,)

" TOUCHER.'"

Tills history of tlie '* Rel Cross" was narrated to Mr, Murphy,
nearly fifty years ago. by tlie widow of Louis H ilditnand, a nephew of
General ilaldiiuaad. once Governor of C-vnida. This lady was born
in 1771, and heard the story from her mother, who lived near " la Place
du Mircho " (present Custom House Square) when the execution took
place.

Older citizens can annually remember the great piling of ice blocks
in Spring (when the St. Lawrence breaks up) and in the reco!': n of
many how that sometimes on Commissioner street, these ice shove. !ed
up to the height nearly of the top of the houses. Connected with Jiis,
were the great Hoods of Grittlntown, when at the last one, the waters in
McGill street reached up near to Notre Dame and Ch.iboillez Square and
a hundred of streets were submerged. All this is now obviated but at
an immense cost to the city, and when the new improvements in the
Harbor are completed and the ugly rampart along the length of Conj-
missioners street removed, our Harbor will bo one of the brightest and
best on the continent.

Lot us now retrace not only our steps but imagination to the time
when the first Church in Montreal was built. It still stands, the Old
Bonsecours, but 'rs present improvements, to many, have rather depre-
ciated it, than made it appear better. However a good engraving of the
old Church is given in this Book, for after generations to see the great
building as it stood over two centuries ago. It was built in 1673 by the
celebrated Sanir Marguerite Bourgeois and since then many a fervent
prayer h s gone up in its sacred " precincts to God Almighty for preser-
vation from remorseless Indians (Iroquois), foreign Invaders, and perils
by fire, water and wind. Some Iconoclasts, a few years ago, in what
tliey declared was to be for the advantage of the city, planned the
demolition of this old memorial and all that part of the street eaet and
north, that I hope is past and may the old Bonsecour Church still, for
long years to come receive the prayers of the faithful, for " good
succour " in their undertakings or for those of them, most dear to the
suppliant, kneeling devuutely at the shrine of the Patron Saint of
Moutreali

lll'^TOHY OK " ONTKEaI,.

BOSHECOUivS CHURCH.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

III this street, St. I'tiiil. wen; three renidences of very great import-
ance in these early days, 'liie 1st of course was that of the Founder of
Montreal. It was called the residence. It was built in A. D. 1050, in
the spot where now stands the ;j;reat store of Messrs, FrothinKham ik
Workman. It measured 70 feet front by 24 feot deep. From 1659 to
ITli it was occupied by four missionaries, priests of the Seminarj of
St. Sulpice of Paris and in 1^50 was demolished.

Another old buiMinj? was the (Chateau Vaudreuil. It was erected in
St. I'aul street near .latuiues Cartier Square. The corner stone was laid
on the 15th May 1T2S by Madame I'hilippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil. On
the Ist October 177.'^ it was destroyed by fire.

The other old Building must be mentioned " L'Intendance."

This Palace was louilt in lOOS and torn down in 1793. It stood near
St. Viateur street, between St. Paul and Commissioners streets and was
the .seat of the civic administration of the city and Island of Montreal as
well as of the adjacent parishes. Its dimensions were 104 feet long by
30 feet in depth."

A very interesting paper by R. C. Lyman, Esq., of St. Paul street
on "Under Montreal" was read before theNumismatic and Antiquarian
Society of Montreal some years ago, when an underground passage was
discovered in St. Paul street. After careful investigation it was found
that it belonged to the old Hotel Dieu. Mr. P. S. Murphy concisely and
forcibly explained its aventnreand significance. This Hotel Dieu property
once ran as far as St. Sulpice street and what was then called little St.
Joseph street and to the property eastward belonging to the " Sisters of
the Congregation and from the Hanks of the St. Lawrence back or rather
up to very near Notre Dame street.

" In building their Laundry '* la Buanderie " they naturally placed it
not far from the river." When St. Paul street was really opened it
naturally happened that it cut the Main Buildings and their out houses
in two parts. In this exigency they conceived the idea of carrying it
under the street hence this old tunnel (lately discovered) but the purpose
and the construction have given rise to a great amount of speculation and
absurdity.

The principal wholesale firms doing business in Montreal in 1S16
were McGillivray, Thain iV? Co., otherwise called the " North-West
Company;" Forsythe, Richardson V Co., who were agents of the East
India Company ; Maitland, (iarden & Auldjo ; Gerard, Gillespie, Moffat.
& Co., then agents Phtwiix Fire Insurance Co., of London; H. Gates & Co.
Allison, Turner & Co.; Desrivieres, Blackwood i& Co.. Blackwood, La-
Roque &.Co.; Robinson, Ma.sson <& Co.; Hector Russel «)> Co., — the great

134

HISTORY OP MONTREAL

rotiiil (Irv Roodn house of that time, Miller, Parla e t Co. James Miller
left tile lirm in 1^111 ami enjfaKed exclusively in Hhipbuildiiij?, (iiid was
really the founder of the Aliiiu Hue of Mteamsliips : James M(d)ouKall v
Co., met-ehants and brokers : Hart, Logan & Co. ; Geo Piatt iS: Co., harcl-
ware ; J, v J. M. FrothiuKli un, h irdward, now existing? as ''"rothiimliam
<S: Workman. J. T. Harette hardware ; Jaeob DeWitt, hardware. Lewis
Lyman, druKRint, the founder of tlie present house of Lyman. Sons Co.;
Day. (lelston s Co., druKgist, Mr. Day being the father of the late Judge
Day; Wadsworth iV Niehols, druggists; rhomis an I John Toirance,
wholsale and retail grocers ; Bowman >Sc Smith grocers; Zabdiel Thayer,
crockery, Tonssaint Peltier, grain merchant; Felix Souligny, do; Nider
Aird & White, auctioneers ; M, C. Cuvillier ^t Co., do., and Bridge >S:
Penn, do. Most of these firms did what would even now be called a very
large business, and many of the men composing them were reputed
wealtliy. The possession of $25,000 in those days made a rich man, and
$10(l,(J()U a very wealtliy man.

Among the very many large firms now doing business in St. Paul street
may be mentioned. The TifHins, Jaccjues Grenier, once Mayor of Montreal-
'i he Mudous, and in the Nuns Block; The Rubber Co.; Jiuntin's Paper
Co. and Hodson, Summer \ Co. Two old firms stand prominently out J. G.
McKenzie and Frothingham tV Workman, whilst the Wighman Co, and
B, J. Cogiilin require more than a passing glance. Nearer to McGill street
the stores and ebtablishnu nts are represented by Green the great furrier
and in olden times this part of the street was as busy as that of the east
end.

St. 3francoi0 lavicr street.

ihe six intersecting streets viz; St. Francois Xavii-r, St. Sulpice, St.
Lambert, St. Peter, St Gabriel, and St. Vincent were all laid out by
Poiiei de Canon, as short cuts to reacli the three main avenues vvliich he
had before traced out in tlie old Town. St. Francis was the name by
which the first was called, but tlie name was changed by Hishop Laval
in honor of St. Francois Xivier, one of the most distinguished Jesuit
Missionaries to China and the East. This last name it still retains. It
may well be called " The Wall street of Montreal" A vast amount ( f
business is daily transacted within its borders. The Great Telegraph
Companies, also the Express companies are in this street. A number of
Insurance oflices are found in it chief of which is the large establishment
of Major I'ond's. It still is one of the narrow streets of Montreal. I he old
Exchange Bank was at the corner of this street and Notre Dame, and is
now used by a number of different offices.

I ^ '-^'- -<' --^ •

ttrstORY of MONTREAL.

X
-3

188

HISTOHA' OF MONTREAL.

St. (BabricI street.

This Street received itw name, not from the Holy AiclianKed but
From Hnd in honor of M (Jabriel Qneylus tlie lirnt Cjire of \ontr<Hl
Mnd also from M. (Jabriel Souart who was his immediate suft'essor.
About the middle of tliis century, tliis street was one of the faHliionable
dwelling placeH of Montreal. Dr. Sevvell, Dr. Maofulloch, V. (Jrifliu Q.C.,
Mr. S. (Jerard, President of tiie Itank of Montreal and Dr. Ross Q.C., alj
lived in tluH street, and to this day in some of the sliort streets running
from it to Jac(juos Cartier Square can be seen what really old Montreal
looked like, as very many of the houses there still remain.

St. IDlncent street.

'I his street was originaly c died St. Charles in honor of M. Charles
Lemoyne, who had rendered great services to Canada. It was after-
wards changed to its present name.

St. TLambert street.

It was so called in honor of Lambert Closse, who was killed just at
the corner of the street and Notre Dame by the Indians.

St. 3o0epb street.

It is now called St. Sulpice street from the fact that on its side, it
bounds the Church and the buildings in the rear. A great amount of
business is done in this street and the short ones running off it to the
east. Surrounded by some of these streets are the large Buildings of the
Sisters of the Congregational Nunnery.

On the other side of the Parish Church are two of tho six streets
traced out by M. Dollier de Canon. 1 he first has already been n entioned.
St. Peter street was named not only from " I he Prince of' the
Apostles," but in compliment to M. de Kaucoup, one of the earliest
settlers of .\1 ontreal. . , .

St Sacrament an& "toospital streets.

They both dorived their names, the first from the sacred Host and
Pyx being kept in that street and the otlier from the hospital wliich
the Founder Maisonneuve built in it, in the earliest days of the History
of Montreal.

HISTORY OF MONTRKAL.

137

Quito a wonderful Hiiildin^i; has been erected in tlie raidnt of those
Htreets iiirlndin^ St. NichoiaM. " Tlie Board of Trade liuiidin^ " Ih one of
the lar^eHt of its kind and containinx not ordy tlit« Boarci RoomH, et<'., but
HcoreH of otVicen ainontc which are found many of the most influential
Mercliants and SliipperH of th« city. Other lar(?o centres of Trade are
seen all around. KaciuK the foot of one or two of the.so streets is seen
Ht. Ann's Market, the old Parliament HuilditiKH burned in IStOon account
of tlio passing of the obnoxious IndemniHcation Mill. W. W.
O^ilvie's splendid Huilditi)j: is a proof of tlie Ki'^'^t strides made in
western Rrain, wiien his first venture was 5(10 bushels of Mftnitoba wheat.
The Custom liouse and iMlan's otliceu hide the wharves at this point
from view.

Another narrow street is that of St, John. A large business is here
ever canied on iji this street and in it are touni some very important
firms. Another street Ht Helen is Uecollet street of old where stood some
of the lirst KuRli'^h Churclies, as for instance, the old Baptist church, Old
St Paul's cliyrch and others. At its entrance on the site of which is
now a larjje Commercial Ptuilding stood the Recollet Church and out
buildings. It should have been preserved. In this Church at the close of
last century. tlie good priests allowed both Episcopalians and Presbyterians
to hold their services till their own places of worship were built.

These are mostly all the streets of any importance till we come to
McGill street and yet they comprehended the old Town of Monlrehl.
How changed from these days is the an a of our City, East, west and
north for miles from Place Royal as the centre or from Place d'Arraes
thousands of immense buildings, Religious, P^ducational, Commercial and
private have sprung up and are yearly being built ami the day will comn
when the Old Parish of Montreal will be all absorbed in the City of
Montreal of the 20th century.

flDc(BiU street

•V'

This Street was called, not after the well known figure seen in
Montreal 50 years ago Honorable Peter McGill. but from an old inhab-
itant at the beginning of this century who had his residence in the city
and whose name will ever be associated in McGill College and this street,
Honorable James McGill. He was a prominent citizen and his name is
often mentioned in the old Records as a Justice of the Peace, a member
of the Government and also as holding many offices.

We find him one of the Commissioners appointed to open up St.
Joseph street as far as Chaboille/, Square: also in the same position, to
see to the demolition of the old walls of Montreal. We find liim with
others petitioning the Government to reduce the annual tax on the
English Cemetery wJiich stood, where now stands, " The St. Lawrence
Hall " and other buildings.

186

itlSTORY OF MONtRfiAt.

■ Jti.i I. ■ ■ Jfrnm*

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

Ah a mitrchant he waH oiut of tlie larKHHt in those dnyH in Montreal.
The followinK Table will hIiow the extent of Iuh cuniniercial traiiHautionH
for a year. WemuKt reniemlier that in these early days and the close of
the last ctMitnrv the nierchantH wen? r«HHiired to ^et pennisHlon to hiiy
a (pertain (|uantity of K'""l^ '^■■'■'■'^lly- I his refers to ^rain and produce
d <alers, what now wotdd our tna,^nate nierciiantH think at the cloHe of this
century to be hu restricted. The following names, bring well known
oil Hrms to ones recollection of that early date.

Messrs. Todd & McGill
L. Erinatinger
Gabriel Cote
Hypolite Desrivieres
M. Blondeau
Chas. Cbaboillcz
Jos. Sauguinet

1V)KK Fl.Ol H BiHCUlT
I.UH. LHS. I.H.S.

6,000—2,000—10,000

4,000—2,000

2,000—1,000— 3,600

4,000—1,000— 1,800

1,000—1,000— 1,800

600—6,000— 1,800

600— l.OUO— 1,000

These orders were given in May 178(1 by the Court.

It is reported that quite an emulation sprang up between .Tames
Mctiill and another of the Commissioners supposed to be Chaboillez.whose
name should be given to this street. McGill prevailed as we all know
from the present name of the street. In the above list we can see names
of Merchants, who gave their names to streets of tliis City, but these
names (like some others) liave never changed, as Cote, Dosriviers, Lha-
boillez Square and Sanguinet streets.

Many clumgos have taken place from the time it was "terra incognitn."
Now it is one of the most well known streets in the City, containing
very many large and influential business establishments, and one of the
oldest Hotels.

Long ago the Grey-Nunnery Hanked its lower end and it was near there
that the first fort in Montreal was built, " Pointe a Calliers" and where
the intreped Lambert Closse with a brave band utterly exterminated a
column of Iroquois, who had attacked tlie fort, coming from the wood
and swamps, which then only met the view, but where to-day are the
Liichiue Canal, I'oint St. ("harles aid Griitintown.

The Grey Nunnery, Les Scaurs Crises, was always a building which
attracted attention when any one landed at the foot of McGill Street
and passed it. lu was founded iu 1753, by Madame Youville. Nothing

140

aiBTORT OF MUSTRRAL

,11.

• • 1

II ISTOWY (>l'" MONTKKAI.

141

(itild 1)1) 111(11'*; ii|i|ii'0|ii'!ti((Mliiiii IIhi iiiscriptldii uliii-li wis scnii cm t?ii'
j;ii((!\\ay rroiit of tlm ('liiiiicl aii'l \\ liicli was ocrasioiK'il l»y lln- I'iiIIdw in;;
(■ir('iiM->tMiH'i>.

Tlu) iiisci ijitioii u MS,

" llopilal (ii'iifiral tlos Hd-iirH (irisos

fouiutttd 1755.

" Moil I'cic ot ma Mtud in'tuil abaiidoiiiir iiiaiH Lc Si!i;^ii(Mir iihi
ritciioilli. I'm. 2(i.

TIiH cii-cuiiistaiu'o of tlih inscription was tliis. In tluiyoar 177r>, Mdc
Vonvilli) was k"'"K into '{'own on Instiliitinn bnsin<;ss. Wjicn sIm caii't!
to till! " I.ittlt; Hivifr" wliicli was tliciii ojkmi and iiiifovcrt'd, (now oik; of
till! city drains) sIip Haw an infant stuck fro/.cn into the ice with a
dagKt'i' stickiii},' in its throat and oik; of its little hands raised tliroii(,di
tlio ico lis if in tho uttitiidc of iniplorin;; jiisticd and thu vongoan :u of
Ihtaven against its niurdLM'cr.

This so Nliockcd tlio good Sister, that after consultation witli licr
associat(!s, they detcrminud tliat tlu^ir charitj' sjiould luiiiceforth extend
to ()r)>linns and Foundlings as well as the aged and suffering iuririn.

No ono can calculate tho iiuincasurablc niuonnt of good which tliey
have done since tlien and tlioir groat estahlishinent, now translated
between St. C!atherino and Dorchester streets, still lias its doors open,
night and day, to all who nood protection and help.

In all tho distress and epi<leinics which have fallen on Montreal for
li)0 years these good Sisters "The Grey Nuns" have ever and always
been in the van of the fight and if little wordly praise and advancement
have accrued to tlicni, tlieir reward is hereafter.

St. Ann's Market was tho old Parliament IJuildings before they were
burned.

This incident is described in tlie following sticciiK^t sketcli -and I
may add beft)re it, that if the fanatics who Icil the crowd, had themselves
«)nly known the future mischief and loss to the city they were bringing
on, tliey would liave paused before tluur senseless and foolish action.

What lias N'ontreal lost by this idioti< burst of s|)leen and anger y
Millions of dollars, for tliis daj' the Parliament would have been lieltl in
this city and when Confederation came, instead of an out of the w ly
place like Ottawa, being the metropolis of Canada, our own fair city
woidd have been tlio spot aod thus for ever rAinained not only as it is
to-day, st) far ahead of all the other cities of tho iKuiiinion ; but the Hub
ftnd the Centre, ns it is geographically jilaced. of inland and ocean
navigation and the ruling power of the whole lUmiiuion aiu! tlie Caj)ital
of t]io same.

142

Ills'irniY (»1' Mn\TlJi;AI,

Dmiii); I III' Ni'ssiiiii iiT r.tt'li uiii III in l<lti, n Mill \\ i-t inlntiluicil (iml
IviihimI |irii\ liJiii^; I'lir (III- |) lynifiit nf Im-mi-s siisl fiin.-il i|iiiiii>: ilii> Hi'li.l
litiii. 'rin- III ii i-li iiili iliiriiil". w .'ic ill liirmiil lli;il any siicli liill mIiuhIiI
hiiv»» liiTii iiil I oilii. 1' I, ami cvciv imaiis w.-in liKi-ii to |ti'tn-i-n( its
piixM.i^'.' tlii(.ii|;li (111- Ildii^f. W li.ii ii hill h.'fii |ii'-s(m|, jri'i'il iiiixirt.y
\\i\H niaiiirr-tiMl a-i to wln-tliiM it wmilil ii-ci-ivo llm N.uKliun til' tliu
(JiiViTiiiM' (IciKial. On \\'i'ilii(-il\\ , till- •.'."itli April, II <l.iy >\lii(Ii will hn
joii^' iiott'd in tlii> Miinals nl' oiii' ciiy, Lniil l<;i^;in prnct'itdcil (n tlM>
I'ailiMiin'nl llnnc (<• saiictiim tin' m-w (aiilV, iiml «)tliri' A(•l^. Altoiit
live (I'cltiiK in (lie aft 'I'lioon lii> -jiict iniiiMl a ii^imiIkm' of Mills, an I anions
(licin was (ln> oliji'i-Moii ililc H'.'bi'llioii Mill. Nn smiici h t I ilin Mill
bi'foino \i\\\ tli'iti llii! inftinrvti'in was i-onvoyn I t.» tlio t;n»w Is in
waitinj;: oiitxiili* nf (lie liniMiiiK. iiiitl \\ lii'ii His Mxcc'lliMicy iippriiriMl lit!
Was rt'rrivi'il with j,'ri)Mnis ainl jicltfil willi Mdnirs ami f^'K"^- 'I'lui i«x-
citiMuont WHS int(iisi\ I'rinti'il iiotii'i's woi'o posted in vatious parts
of iho city, calliiiK ''V tiniss imu'linK to hn held imincdiiitrly on tlio
("hani)) dc Mars, and by i-ij^dit o'clock an inmicnsn nninlicr of persons had
asscnihlcd, when, afu-r suiik* stron;; ri'-olnt ions hud Ijcen passed, tlie ery
>VH.s raised "To the I'arliainent MiiildiiiK^."

Tho Honso of Assembly \\ a- en^'fi^ed in diseiissiiiK the Jndieatnre
Mill, when a loud shout K'^ve the ineniberH warning that a riot was
fiirinenf iii>; outside, A nnniber of stones wertt ii(»\\ thrown throned)
the windows, and in a sliorl time there were but f»!W s(] mil es t)f jjIasM left
unbroken in the whole ran^'e of the building.

My this time the iiioiubers had all rotreated, when about a dozen
))ersuiis (Mitered the AsstMiibly Hall, and one of them boldly seated
himself in tlit; Sjitsiker's chair, and muttered souiethin;,' about dissolving
the railiamenl, iJie otlims tlicii i-ommeneed the work of demolishing
r'I that came Viefore them, sticks being thrown at thu glass globo(i on the
gasaliers wliicli were beyond their reach. ■ ■ •'

Th(! cry of lire was now laiscd, an I it w as diseoveiod that the build-
ing had been lired b^' seme of the mob. 'I he fire sjiread with great
rajiidity, and in half an hour tlie wlioht buildin,:; was wra])ped in a
Hhe(;t of llame. .No attewipt ^\ as made to save the building, and the
ungimts were only used upon flic surrounding jiro]ierty. My this liro
the valuable librai'\. eonlaininf t arclii\ es aiul records of the colony
for over a <ent.ury, was eompleiely tlestroyed. Ihe only article saved
was tile niMci! belonging to tin; Lower I'oiisi'. The party wJio .saved tiic
maei! carri(?d it to l)oiii',;ani's Holil, and dolivered it to Sir Allan McXab.

'J"ho molj no',\ j)roceeded to tin le-'idt-nee of Mi'. Lafoiitaine, and set
it on lire, 'nid thiou;.'li tli(^ ell'oi t- ot ^omi- t»t the cili/.eiis the flames u'ere
exiingiiishel, but the whole of tlie fiirnit ure and library wfie completely
di'iiKtlislied. Several other Iiouse-, oeeiipied by obno.vious nuunbcrs of
the J'arliament, were ai-^o destroyed.

HlSTOItV OF MONTKKAL.

143

It wan fHHrml tliiit tli« Oovnrnor miK^it N(ifT»tr from tlid violt^noit <if
the mob. M«< thurefore left IiIn ruHiduiice at MoiiklniidH ami rHiimiiiHil in
thu city under the proteotioti of a body of inilitH-

On the .'fltli. Nfe«)srH. Murk, Howard, Furri- and Perry, wire arrHsfc^d
00 tile viiarKe of arson, and wurti comniitttut for trial. A crowd
of nearly 3000 perwmit aucumpaaied them tu jail but nu vU)lencu wuh
Nhown.

The I'arllament ItuildiuK deH^royod during thh riot, was oriKiinilly
the Ht. Ann'H market, the Interior of which had been reniodHlled fo>-
the uccoinino<iation of the LetfiHlature. It wan ',]\i feet in IcnKtJ) ly
.'>0 in width, the central portion projectinK four feet beyond the win^n.
It war* constructed of Montreal limeHtone, and thonKh plain, itH only
ornaments being a portico at either end, presented an efTective ap-
pearance.

M<-Gill Mtreet has nome very larf^e and energetic business centreH und
one or two of our oldeiit citixena have their Htores in thi^ street.

Craio Street.

In the days of Montreal'H earliest History, and oven some are yet
livioff Who remember not Craig street of to-day but a sluKRish creek,
spanned by little wooden bridges at St. Lawrence Main and HIcnry
streets. Beyond this all was "sporting regions." This street dates from
the early years of this century only. It was called after (Jovernor I raig.
Even in H1(J it was such a creek, that Viger Gardens or Sipiare was then
a swamp. About St. Louis street was a small deep pond, the resort of
muskrats and waterfowl. This pond at last was Hlled up by taking
material in levelling the street (Notre Dame) from Bonsecours to
Oalhousie Stpiare and dumping it into the hole, thus fill ,., it
up and forming the two streets of the present day, St. Louis and Champ
de Mars.

; Craig street now extends from the Goa' to St. Antoine street. It is
one of tlie widest in the city and underneath it runs the Craig Street
Tunnel, the main sewer of the City of Montreal.

A large number of important business centres are in this street, some
of which rival any other city in amount of enterprise and energy. Two
of our largest p&per firms, the celebrated Lauren tiaii Baths, the Mr-M
Shei^ and last but not least the offices of the useful, comfortable and cheap
City Passenger Railway, not forgetting the old papers the Ga/.ette, the
Herald and the Witness are all in this street.

Two squares abut on this street, Papineau and Viger. They are
spoken of in another part of this volume.

144

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

From CraiK street, run north, many streetH, all very narrow and of
little consequence save that in some of them there are iniportHiit
manufactures. Two of thera are called after heroes of the Plains of
Abraliam, Wolfe and Montcalm; one received its name from a well
known notary, others called after different saints in tiie (Calendar. The
principal two streets St. Liwrence and Bleury will be written by them-
selves as we proceed. At the far east end of tins street is l)e Lorimier
Avenue, once called Coiborne, but now ciianged to its present name in
commemoration of the death of Chevalier Le Lorimier, the last of the
twelve Patriots who were handed in \<S;}S-i< The street called
Papineau Road, from the celebrated family of tliat name, runs from the
square now ervlled Papineau Avenue noroh to the city limits. Tr.is road
was formerly of bad repute and many worthless cliaracters resorted
there, all is now chaufjed. It contains the old Military cemetery and
Biiryinj? Ground which should be held sacred in the eyes of all Montreal
and kept from desecration as a venerable spot. It is still Im])erial
property.

One of the most important tilings belonjjring to the city lies in
the narrow neck of ground between this street Craig and Notre Dame,
the pumping house, which does good work especially in tlie Spring,
when the River rises and fills up the drains to the imminent risk of
flooding.

One of the finest blocks in the street stands opposite to the Montreal
Street Railway and which for years before the M. S. R. built their own
fine offices was used as tlieir offices. This is the Wilson Block, called
from one ox the most energetic Mayors that ever sat in the civic chair.
The great property which he left is ably superintended by his Son-in-
Law, Mr. Beaucharap a man well known in the city and ever ready to
advance any undertaking tliat may redound to the development of
Montreal.

The Garth Establishment is one of the oldest in Montreal and one of
the largest. Over all the contir'.ent their manufactured goods have
found a way and to-day their business extends everywhere. Charles
Garth is one of the oldest living citizens of Montreal, still full of life and
vigour, connected with many of the great establishments as Director or
otlierwise but intimately bound up in his own Church, the Church of
England of which he has been a consistent and loyal member to tlie
Writer's knowledge for nearly the past half century.

The Canada Paper Co. has its large establishment in this street and
nothing more can be said of its beautiful productions than that all the
p>iper of this Book, as fine paper as can be procured in America came
from this establishment.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL,

146

WM't;n:

146

HI8T0RY OF MONTREAL.

Another very great establiHhment ia that of J. C. Wilson & Co. also
one of onr largeHt paper nianufacturera. His great mills are at Lachute
and any one passing his building in Craig street nuist be struck with
the peculiar kind of freestone of which it is built. It is tho only one of
its kind in the city and reflects high credit on the enterprising prop-
rietor for utilizing our own Canadian Sandstone (freestone) and not
importing a.s so many have done, foreign material, when our own
Dominion will and can supply every mineral ore and building stone
required, but it just exemplifies the old Scriptural adage, "a prophet has
no honor in his own country."

The two oldest papers in Montreal are found on this street. The
*' Gazette " and the " Herald," The former was the first paper j)ublished
in Montreal or perhaps Canada.

The newspaper press of Montreal, like the inhabitants, is subdivided
into English and French. The English papers are the more import mt,
and are widely read by the French population. There is one morning'
and three evening papers, namely: The "Gazette," "Herald," "Star,"
and " Witness," Tiie "Gazette" was founded in 1778 by Fleury de
Mesplet, and in 3 82S it was published each Monday and Thursday by
Robert Armour, in twenty-fiitu* colnmns. In 1833, under the editorsliip
of Andrew Armour, it was pnblished twice each week. Andrew
Armour took Hugh Ramsay into partnership, and the firm sold out in
1845 to Robt. Abraham, who made the paper a daily one. It subse-
quently passed from Abraliam to Perres and Milne (1850), Low iS: Cham-
berlain (IS.'jtJ), and in IHT'i it became the property of the Whites, the
editor. Thomas White, afterwards becoming a cabinet minister, and
being succeeded as editor by his son. His uncle Richard Wliite, still
conducts the veteran Tory organ. The " Gazette " has an established
reputation among political and commercial journals.

Tiie "'Herald was established in 1803. It lias made the fortunes of
several proprietors, notably Mr. Penny, and has been the property of an
ex-cabinet minister of great mental acumen, Hon. Peter Mitchell.
Mr. Mitchell is one of the fathers of Confederation, and while he has
never received public honors commensurate with his services, he is
highly considered by all shades of political opinions, and has been
duljbed "Sir Peter" by perhaps a greater ruler than the Defender of the
Faith. "The Public," generally. The "Heraid" has recently passe
into new hands and is now a more enterpri?)ing journal than e\er
before.

The " Witness " is known to every one and was organized by the
late well known citizen " John Dougall " and holds its own against all
others throughout Canada, as we find it scattered ail over the Dominion
and the United States. It is now managed by a worthy son of the Old
Temperance Warrior and fearlessly exposes all and everything not
consistent to the well being of Society.

HIsTOHY OF M()NTI?E.\L.

147

^[f^fa

^um,

!• Ui-m^^itt^ . ti .xA.

148

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

H
<

a:
ai

ttlstokiY o^ mo^trKaL

forliapH tlid fliiHHt biiildiiiK in CrniK Htreet ih the new Station of the
C. P. llailway. In connection with thiH bnilding of which we give a
fine cut, the firHt that haH appeared in Montreal, I would like tx) Htate,
that I received the Haine with cutn of the Chateau liame/.ay. Harbor,
Dominion Hquare and McGill UniverMity from New York and had to pay
cuNtom duty, etc., before K<)ttinK them in hh a loan for illuHtratinf; my
Book and from the well known Periodical "The llluHtrated American."
Mere 1 would thank the proprietor for hiH urbanity and kindueHs,
eHpecially aH when in tryiuK itH illuMtrato our ntreeti I have been met
with anything but gentlemanly urbanity on the part of many to whom
I applied for cuts to illustrate the work.

St. Hutoinc Street.

The o'ii Ht. Antoine suburbs be«an at a bridge crossing the creek at
the east end of St. Antoine street and was a road with several cross
lanes pretty closely built up as far west as Mountain street. There was
only one first-class tiouse, that of Norman A McLeod, a rich " Nortli-
Wester," or member of the North-West Company. The chief man of
this company, the Hon. William McUillivray, had a fine stone residence
in Cote St. Antoine, about the end of Porchester street, the most
magnificent building in the whole city, afterwards owned by the Hon.
Charles Wilson and standing to the present day.

A Square is seen in this street. "Richmond Square." It is one of
the blots on the city. I dont think tliere is 8U(*h a miserable square in
Montreal. Surely the City fathers and the Aldermen who represent this
division, should see to its improvement. The actual fact of McUillivray
Home quite close to it and the knowledge of one of our City Mayors,
Hon. Chs Wilson having owned the home should be sufficient for them to
beautify the Square a little more than has been done for years
past.

St. Denie Street.

BnO otbec 6treet0 intereecting or running parallel to tt.

St Denis street is one of the best known in the City. It is called
from the titular Saint of i'' ranee, Let me give a short account of liim.
He was a Bishop and Martyr in the early Church History. A. D. 245t
This Saint was sent to Ganl (now France) to convert the heathen.
He fixed his episcopal see at Paris and in A. D. 273 suffered martyrdom
by decapitation on a hill, called ever after " Movs Martyram." This is now
called by Parisians " Montmartyre." Many a time in the days of " Char-
lemagne" and his successors, has the battle cry of "Si. Denis" been
heard when the French (Franks) were engaged in deadly warfare with
their country's foes.

IflO

UrsTOUY OP MONTUKAL

■s.

hiSTORY OF MONTREAL.

St DeniH street beginH at Craig and rnna north to the City LimitH^
eventually, in the years to come it will extend miles beyond that point
to the l^Hck River or Rivit^res des Prairies.

The raoHt important buildings now in the street are Laval ITniversity
an<l St. James Church. This was long ago ceilled the Bishop's Church but
the terrible fire which burnt nearly the whole east end consumed it and
the Palace, and the present splendid edifice arose on tlieir ruins. The
Bishop was then the first of Montreal. Bishop Lartigue was made Bishop
Sept. JK.'^O when Montreal became a separated see and St James Church
was made his Cathedral.

Near to it is the great Establishment of the Reformatory and in tlia
street the old and well known Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. At the
extreme north end, the Carmelite Nuns have erected a large edifice to
remove to it when completely finished, from Hochelaga, as their Estab-
lishment there on the banks of the river must give place to commerce
and trade. Many of our prominent Judges, Privy Councillors, Aldermen
and Business men locate in or near St. Denis street or in St. Louis
Park, one of the finest and nattiest squares in Montreal. A great
Protestant Public School stands opposite the Park " The Aberdeen School'*
and there is one of the R. C. Commissioners' in Roy street, a little off Sf.
I'enis street.

This street is one of the best kept in the City, a continual roadway,
day and night, asphalt pavement and wide and fine thoroughfares.
The lower part under Sherbrooke street is finely bordered both sides with
healthy trees and in summer, looking down, you seem to be entering a
long avenue of some sylvan forest or a grand entrance to some ancient
castle or policy in the Old World. We are proud of St. Denis street and
so are its inhabitants.

Cherrier street is called from one of the best known and most
respected citizens of Montreal. He was a partner in Law with the
celebrated '* Viger " who left to him all his property. Mr. Cherrier was
one of the " Immortels " who was imprisoned in the Montreal Gaol in
1837, and when he died was perhaps the oldest member cf the Montreal
Bar, a man of unimpeachable character, a good citizen and a warm friend
even to his political foes of 1837-8. It was right that one street in
Montreal should be called by his name and that in connection with the
vast property which he left at his death.

Prince Arthur street received its name from him, the Queen's 3rd
son, who, when the Writer was Military Chaplain in Montreal, Avas a
Lieutenant in the Rifles, and is now " Duke of Connaught " A pretty
story is recorded of his Baptism. We can see Our Gracious Majesty The
Queen (not an old Lady as she is now at her Diamond Jubilee), but a
fair and youthful woman holding up her son to the old bronzed Warrior.
(T/te Irish Hero, Wellington), and telling him that his first name was to be

ira

HI8TOKY VF MONTREAL.

Arthur in recovrnition of the wonderful f^ood that the Warrior had done
for England and the KngliNh llace. There is a pretty picture of the
same and those who have it Hhouhl preserve it an a memorial. The
street formerly from St. Lawrence Main to the present St. Louis Park
was called Courville street, West of St. liawrence it was called BagK
street.

Roy street is callocl after a man of this name and so is Drolet street
after a well known uiti/en (still living) of that name, Ciievalier Drolet.
Pine Avenue is a misname. There is not a single pine tree to be seen in
the whole street. It runs past «)r near the celebrated new Hospital.
"The Victoria" built, and endowed by two Montreal citizens. Lord
Mount Stephen A Sir Donald Smith now Lord Strathc-ona and is one of
the greatest and best of its kind in the Continent of America.

Laval University, founded originally at Quebec by Royal Charter
and under a special Papal Bull, has now a distinct brancli at Montreal.
It is a Roman Catholic institution teacliing in the Frendi language ami
has faculties of Tlicology. of Law, of Medicine and of Arts. Its teaching
staff at Montreal is very complete and large numbers of studeutb attend
its courses of lectures.

St. OLawrcncc flDain Street.

Tlie following description of St. Lawrence Main street, refers to the
year IHIC) and following years. It was written by an old citizen, long
since dead.

"St. Lawrence suburb, commenced at a bridge over the creek at the
foot of St. Lawrence street. This street, as far up as where Ontario now
intersects, was quite thickly lined with small low wooden buildings.
Above Sherbrooke street, before reacliing tlie Mile End tavern, there
were but two houses, both of stone, and on the left side of the street
then belonging to John (JIark, and now the property of the Bagg estate.
Taylor's brewery was then occupied by Thomas French as a tannery and
Geo. Wurtele kept the " Farmers' Hotel " in the old house now standing
opposite the St. Lawrence market and called the" Glasgow Hotel." Sher-
brooke street was then opened from St. Lawrence street about as far
west as Rleury. In 1H19 two fine residences were built on this street,
one bv .Jacob Hall, and the other by Torranc-e. Tliey were both promin-
ent objects to the citizens below, and the latter being the only cut-stone
structure outside the main city, was the admiration of every passer-by.
It is now the residence of the Molson family."

This house still stands at the corner of Sherbrooke and St. Lawrence
Main streets.

UIWTOIIY OF MONTIIKAL

C
K

cr.

154

HISTORY OF MOMTRF1A.L.

We all know the orifiiii of the luiine. It whh on the anniverNary of
tliiH Saint's l>Hy tlmt tlie i'aiuouH naviKator .MfV/i/rM (artier entereti that
river which ever Hinoe han borne the name he gave to it, nnd when thiii
street waH laid out, it also received the name.

In lookinf( from Sherhroake Mred down thiH ohi well known thorough-
fare with itn widened extent, itH fine shopH, reHplendent m ith k'^s hikI
electricity, broad foot paths, Hplendid electric cars, what would tho
old " Habitant" Hay if he could be Huddenly raisetl from the dead and
placed on this spot and made look down that Htreet, up and down whicli
00 or 11 HI years a((o, lie had no often driven his homemade "rig," He
would only bo confounded and bo able to exclaim " Mon Diru." Vet in
this progreM.sive age what more wonders are yet to bo seen in this street,
time alone can toll. Look at tiie crowds that stop to see Ihii'sedu'it
magnificent exhibition of colored light'^'. Look at the •' Monmnetit
Nntional". Look at the "Museo Eden" and continue above .S7i(r/))oo/('
and see the fine stores and blocks of Huiidings on to Mile End, conspicuous
among them all that s])lendid row of I axter's Klock, and we must
confess that the SI, Lawrence Main of to-day is different from that of IHOO.

There are some large stores in this street. Among its stores are
L. Surveyer, Lorge A Co., Kennedy, Alderman (Jroth^, Hoisseau's and the
late Kogarty's with E, (iiroux in the National Monument and many
others.

Surveyer is one of the best known hardware stores in Montreal.
In 1868 he founded the present house which is four stories in height and
filled with everything necessary in this line, one of whicli may be
montioned here a razor, which bears his name and pronounced one of the
best in the market.

The store of Lorge & (\> , Furriers, is one of the oldest in the street.
Mr, Lorge imports direct from England, France and the United States.
He is a native of Belgium, but has resided in Montreal since 1H.50.
He was awarded a bronze medal in 1H60, a diploma in IS si), and bronze
and silver medals in 1882, at the Exhibition held iii .Montreal for the
superiority of his goods over all competitors.

Alderman Groth6 has already been spoken about in a short sketch
among the Civic Fathers of Montreal and it may only be said here
that his store is one of those that passers by generally stop to admire the
rich and varied display of his windows.

The Musee Eden, is not half enough well known. If more children
would visit it, they would be better impressed with some of the most
important events of History, than reading off the. same events in a page
of general school History. It is situated in the Monument National
which building is a cre.iit to the street and a tribute to those who have
so industriously worked to make it a success-

HISTOUY OF MONTUKAL.

16B

NATIONAL MONl'MKXT.

The idea in opeiiiiiK the MuHt'e Kden \vaH nut only to establish a
commercial enterprise, but, moreover, to found in the Metropolin of Can-
ada an nndirtakinar specially conHet-rited to Jlne arts and tiie gh)rious
epiHodeN of the I'ountry'M history. ItifferinK entirely fioui .similar institii-
ti«)us in large towns of Knrope and on the American continent, which
repreHcnt no oriKinality beyond the coHmopolitan scenes and figurex
belonging to all countries, the Diiectors of the Muhi'o Eden Company
have sought in the history of tluir own country, so full of remarkable
incidents, subjects for the instruction of the public. The (Jalleries of tlio
Musce Eden are, a continual source of instruction and amusing recreation
the actual reproduction of events being always more lasting than a page
of history learnt oil" by heart.

The Directors have spared no trouble or expense to make the halls
of the Mu9('e as perfect as possible from an artistic anJ historic j)oint ot
view, and they rely <jn the patronage of the public to help them to
continue an unrivalled undertaking, a patriotic work, and an imperish-
able tribute to our national glory.

However, I must say that the arrangement might be so changed that
all historical groups should come together and all those of the dark side
of humanity be placed in a wing by themselves as is done in the great
waxworks of London. Then tlie minds of eliildren would not be vitiated
or startled, as they need not see or go into that wing where these scenes
are. I commend this classification to the serious consideration of the
Directors and am certain that it would result in a larger increase of
visitors.

186

IIISTOllY OK MONTHKAL

»lcuvv i3tVCCt.

ThiH Htrtwt rm'«*lvi>(l It** imiim from a \v««ll kiinwn citi/.tMi in t,h»» pint.
f)e Hleiiiy, iii(U'«>(l iiiitiloC liiU< yutirx the nti'Met wmh hUnh^h known I'y tliM
name oT Dh Itleiiry Ntruet.

At tlin foot of tliu Nti'otit in tlie fnrly yearn of tliiH century n Pnot-
bridKti ci'ONHfii tlie CraiK crmtk and a narrow lanx ran up ahnnt n>* far an
])(irc-liOHt««r street, ailing wliicli strii^Klctl iihout halt' atlo/cn sniall Ii()||sm<4,
This waN i-alietl * i'lirtation Lano" and it wan a favorite protninadi* for
all roniantie eoiipleM duriuK tlio lon^ twili^lit of tlie Nuinnier evenin^f*).
A little np tlie street stood in the fifties tw«» splendid Terraces ealled
respectively "Terninsch " and " \Va\erl\ ". Old citi/i tis c«n re<'()ll»'ct the
Hue irori railinK^ which were in front of tlicni willi i>attle axes and spi ars
et<c., it nmile a line si^ht. Standing as a solitary one or two si ill do at
the present tlay, a ^oo<l way otY the street, they had an inipo>>iMK
appearance. Now mostly all the houses have tiad fronts added to them
and they have been transformed into sliops.

Hleury street lian been widened and now forms one of the best
entrances into the city. Its continuati«)n, I'ark Avenue, leads on* to
Mount Royal Avenue, where wo find located the Miiildiiifrs of the
Provirx ial Kxhibition Co. Hefore coming there we pass through the
Mo'.int Hoyal I'ark. that part at least which is called Fletcher's KieUI,
from a well known military man of that name. At the end of the I'nrk
we can join the suburban Klectric Hallway, wliich will take us round the
Lesser Mountain, passing; Outramont and Cote des Neiges and returning
to the city, a delightful «hive at a moderate cost.

The fliiof feature of lileiiry street is St. Mary's College (Jesuits) and
great Church of the Gesu. As the Authorities could not find any of the
past cuts of either IhiiMing, they are absent in this sketch of tlie street,
though they appear in both my large works oi 1S75 and 18»4,

No preat manufactures are found in this street, hut one of the
largest engraving establishments in Canada is situated near Craig. The
Burlund Lithographic Co. and a little beyond was the chief Photographer
in the Dominion, "Notraan," wlio still pleases thousands with his unriv-
alled pictures. The founder t)f this House has passed to the great
majority, but his son ably keeps up the record. IKire, Royalty, more
than once, has entered the doors, to be photographed, as the House bears
the title of " Photographer to the Prince of Wales and Royal Family.

At the same side further up stands the oldest stained glass man-
ufactory in the Hominion, "J. C. .Spetice iSi Son." The founder of it has too,
gene the way of all the earth, but the Son carries on successfully the
work of his Father, as the beautiful windows everywhere testify.

IIINTOHY OK MONTHKAli.

157

SPENCE'S WORK (At Lknnoxvilli.)

m>mmmmm

188

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Off Bleury street is found one of the largest manufactures of
Aerated Water'^, Soda and Ginger Ale in the Dominion, that of Chas.
Gurd «te Co. By his own inate industry and jierse vera nee he has built
up an immense business, which is yearly increasing <ind it should succeed
as the productions of the Firm are tliose whi(!h cheer, but do not inebri-
ate and therefore should be well ])atroni/ed, as it i.s by every one.

Not far up the street is the well knowu establishment of Cunuinjr-
ham, sculptor. He is an ex- Alderman and when in tlie Council, was a
most enerjcetic member and had greatly to do with the widening of the
street.

Off from Bleury is tlie celebrated St. Patrick's Church and all
its dependencies, presided over by the well beloved firesent Pastor,
" Father Quinlivan." He succeeded a very great friend and palrcm of
the Writer's " dear old F'ather Dowd," and it was a simple act of
recognition of his kindness to him that the Author of tliis work has
placed in his large " Biographical Gazetteer of Montreal" both a lifelike
picture and sketch of the well known Priest of St. Patricks for so many
years, " Father Dowd."

St. Patrick's is one of the finest churches in America and its con-
gregation consists of many of our best Irish families. The Writer well
remembers St. Patrick's in the fifties, having lived for some years, right
under tlie Aegis of the Irish sain^ a few doors from the Church, and
yearly mixing in the great gatherings of the 17th March. How many
who met then, are alive now':*

Two streets, very old ones, and which have not improved much in
the advance of Montreal, cut Bleury street, Lagauchetiere and Vitre
streets. The former is supposed to have derived its name from an oflicer
in "Carignac's" of the French regino. who built a liouae in this street,
after the regiment was disbanded.

In all the History of "La Nouvelle France " no family is found, I
am told, of the name of Vitrc. The only man who bears this name was
the pilot wliom the Englisli army and fleet commanded by Wolfe, im-
pressed into the service and compelled to pilot the fleet through '* The
Traverse " below Queber. It is said tliat tlie whole fleet hoisted French
colors and so deceived him and others so impressed, as they supposed
that it was the French fleet bringing relief to Quebec, but that when
once passed this dangerous spot in the St. Lawrence, the Frencli colors
were hauled down and the British Union Jack raised aloft. It is also said
he never left the fleet but was carried to England wliere he lived some
years on a small government pension. How his name came to be given
to this street, let Antiquarians find out, but the above has been told, as
the origin of the name of tlie street. It might be when Wolfe and
Montcalm streets were of old laid out, some one thought of him who had
piloted the English fleet to Quebec and so gave his name to the
street.

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

150

Another and a new street " Ontario " cuts Bleury. It contains
nothing of importance, save tlie Ciiurclx of St, Jolin the Evangelist, at
the corner of St. Urbain. One of the be.«t known man in Mo itreal
Revd. Canon Wood lias been its Rector for over .'Jii years and has worked
it up to its present floiirishinpr (rondition. Itistheoi. !y decidedly High
Church in Montreal among the Protestant Bodies. A fine School is in
connection with this Church, well j)atronized and does good work under
the principalship of Revd, A. French the well known Rector. Many
influential citizens attend this Church and one of them Honorable Sena-
tor Drummond has built "St, Margaret's Home" on Slierbrooke Street,
It is a blessing to all those who seek its help in thyir incurable diseases.

■fcotelsDieu de /Montreal, 1052.

Though this great Institution was once aAvay down in St. Paul
street in the long ago, still this old bit of History will be acceptable
to the French Readers of the Book as giving then the actual facts of the
foundation of ihis benevolent House.

A. D. 1640, le Canada otait rest6 presque sans culture et Ton y
comptait A. peine deux cents frantjais y corapris les iemnies, les enfants et
Its religieuses de Quebec. Cent alors que Dieu inspira A, un pieux laique
d'6tablir une colonic pour honorer la Sainte-Vierge dans I'ile de Montreal.
M. Jerome Le Royer de la Dauversiere, lieutenant-general au presidial de
la Flt^che en Anjou, unit ses plans a ceux de I'ilustre fondateur du semi-
naire de St, Sulpice, M, Olier, qui presque simultan^ment avait eu le
mgme geuereux desseiu. Des personnes de la Cour, et des prfitres ver-
tueux, brulant de zele pour la propagation do la foi, s'associtirent aux
fondateurs pour faire I'acquisition de I'ile de Montr^ial, et ils appr^nrierent
les avantagos qu'elle offrait a I'ex^cution de leur projets apostoliques.
L'associati' n se forma sous le nom de " Messieurs et Dames de la
Soci^te de Notre-Dame de Montreal pour conversion des sauvages de la
Nouvelle-France "

Les hardis colons destines k ce nouveau poste, le plus avance de
civilisation dans cette partie du globe, s'ctaient embarqu^s, des I'annee
precedente, conduits par tin pieux et brave gentilhomme Charapenois, M.
de Maisonneuve. Le 17tli Mai 1042, ils mirent pied i\ terre dans la partie
de I'ile connue plus tard sous le nom de I'ovnte n Callitres, et ils s'y ^;tabli-
rent au nombre de quarantecinq. Cette petite troupe comprenait des
soldats et des ouvriers de divers (itats tons choisis pour leur piete et leurs
bonnes mmurs ; Melle Mance eu faisait partie. Cette femme intropide se
rendait eu Canada pour y fonder un Hotel-Dieu, et preparer les voies aux
soeurs Hospitalieres de St Joseph, qui veu&ient de s'etablir k la Fleche
en sorte qu'il Montreal le premier hopital prit naissance avec la premiere
chapelle. Mile. Mance partagea avec joie les dangers, les fcpreuves et les
privations des commencements de Ville Marie.

leo

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

Le ler Noverabre 1009, trois sosurs arrivorent de Frauce pour appor-
ter ^ Montreal la stabilito et la profession solenneiltis.

An mois d'Aout 1602, la Sajur Marie Morin entra A 1' Hotel- Dien
comme novice k I'Age de 13 ans et demie, et o'est la }> tuuit^re Steur d'ori-
gine Canadienne qui ait fait ses vduix k Montrnil: Ellu vueut 82 ans, et
c'est k elle que I'ont doit les Anna/es de I'llntcl-Dieu, mctuioires du plus
touchant et du plus ^difiant int6r6t, qu'elle a cerit jusqu'au 29 Sep-
tembre 1725.

»cavcr IbaU Ibill,

The origin of this name has been given before in the description
of Victoria Square. Three churches cluster closely tofjethcr up the Hill,
they are diverse in their systems, tlie fine St. Andrew's Church, Scotch
Presbyterian, presided over by the well known Rovd. J. Kdgar Hill
the Reformed Episcopalian, and the Churcli Messiali, Unitarian. This
last Church had long as its pastor. Dr. Cordner, whosa name need only
be mentioned, to recall his virtues and learning and who died in Boston
some years ago.

St. Andrew's Church is said to have the finest spire of any church in
Canada. The Writer well remembers when a fire destroyed the spire
and a good deal of the edifice.

It was just before the arrival of H. R. H. Prince Arthur in 1809 and
as he arrived in the evening and that a pretty dark one, with no lights
electric, as now to brighten up the scene, only a few far distantly placed
gas lights, the hundreds of bla/ing torches only cast a weird aspect on the
whole body of men which crowded the streets everywhere, to welcome
the Royal Visitor. The burned spire of the beautifid church looked
somber in the back ground but it was soon rebuilt. I well remember
at a great state Dinner given by the Prince to the military officials in
Montreal that he spoke to me about the fine spire having been
destroyed . This eventful dinner is sunk in my memory as few are now
living who were there. I think only Col Perrier and Col, Lyman now
remain of the Canadian Militia then represented as no officer was below
the rank of Colonel.

The Bar was represented by the late well know ii Judge Badgley ;
Commerce by the never forgotten Honorable John Young. These two sat
immediately on the right and left of the Prince. The two chaplains,
Rev Mr. Bartlett and myself opposite and we liad the honor, the
senior chaplain in asking grace and myself in returning thanks. Beside
me sat that gallant old gentleman and polished warrior Col. Dyde and
round, all the Colonels and high officers of Her Majesty's service then in
Montreal. After dinner a pleasant time was spent in the drawing room
where the Prince showed us very large albums, one, of all the Royal
Family, another of the principal nobility and another of the military and
naval celebrities of England.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL,

161

18,

In connection with St. ;\(lrevv'8 diurcli Organ, one f tiie finest in the
city, a story is told of the late Sir lIiiKh Allan and William Dow, the
two wealty adhenents to that " (inid auld kirk of Scotland." It is re-
ported that tlie canvassers for tlie Organ fund first went to Sir Hugh
(as he Knight to head the list. A friendly rivalry existed between the
two, the jocularly told tliern to go to William Dow and whatever he
subscribed he would do the same. The good Knight thought one or two
hundred dollars woidd be the amount. Away went the gentlemen to the
wealthy Commoner, and told liim exactly how the matter stood and
if he gave any amount, Sir Hugh would give the same. Mr. Dow, witli a
twinkle in Ills eye, asked for the subscription paper and finding it
a royal opportunity to get even with Sir Hugh headed the list with
$1,000. They returned to Sir Hugh and have declared that it did them
good wlien they presented the i)aper and the Knight, with outstretched
eyes, beh Id this large sum standing opposite his rival's name. Hut
as a gentleman and man of honor he took in the situation in a moment
and immediately underneath wrote his subscription of the same amount.
Thus did the canvassers succeed in securing nearly liaif of the price of
the beautiful Or^an in St. Andrew's Church from its two most influential
members,

Purtiier down the Hill and nearer the Square, once stood the (""on-
gregational Church where was enacted tliat blot on Montreal the Gavazzi
Riots and where the Itevd. D. Wilkes so long officiated. It afterwards
was the ': Herald " printing establishment, then it was burnt and now
is a very large commercial concern.

Beyond the churches, we pass two small squares, both donated by
Mr. Philipps to the city in the forties. Pacing one of tliem is the fine
residence of the late Wm. Dow, the well remembered Montrealer , and on
anotlier side '* The P'errier Block,"

This street in its upper end used to be almost entirely devoted to
Doctors and Dentist some years ago but is it adually being transformed
into business and stores. In the upper Squares, Alfred Joyce has a fine
establishment and is one of the few in his lino, who has made a fortune
in Montreal. At another corner of tliis Square is the Art Gallery; an
Institution which received its eclat from two eminently public spirited
men of Montreal, Beuiah Gibb and Judge McKay, who both left large
gifts of valuable pictures to form the Gallery.

102

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

Dorcbcetcr Street.

" Xc 0ran? Cbcmin Cu IRoi. "

This street is called from a t'oriuer celebrated (lovern t of that name
and as the last Lord has died only a few werks a^o leaving no heir, the
title in English Aristocracy has now become extinct .rid it is well that
we perpetuate the name in one of our streets.

The street has little cliangel since the days of old in tlie east end.
The only great building wliich there attracts the eye is the (irneral (or
Engiisli) HoHi)ital as it is called. It is the oldest in Montreal mid no
Institution in the city has done the amount of good tliat tliis civic
blessing has done in years past.

It is now a gieat Institution, and has received additional wings to it
tlirough the benevolence of kind citi/cns and it at the present day holds
its own witii any Hosj»ital in Canada or America for eHiciency, ordei-, ad-
vance and all other a|)pliances connected with tlie working of sucW an
Institution. '1 hrougli the kindness of the most indefatigable friend it
has, Wolferston 1 honuK K^ip'., I am peiinitted to give two fine views
of the Hospital audits wmking wliicli will aild to the interest of the
Book.

The street continues, after leaving the Hospital as far as Bleury
mndi as it was in yenis ))ast. ^\t lili'ury it abuts on the new extensive
reparations made by the Jesuits and St. Patrick's Church, till it passes
Phillip's Square when we arrive at a large building, the Masonic Temple
and near to it "The Ohl High School of McGill C'lllege " wiiere the writer
was one of the Teacliers associated witli sucli names as Rector Howe,
T. A. Gibson, D. Rogers and W. How man in the lifties, long ago.

The fine builHiug of the St. .lames ( lub must be noticed and one of
the most extensive private dwellings in .Montreal, tliatof our well known
citizen, G. W, Stephens Esqr, It was built by his father, one of the most
energetic Americans, who ever made their home in tliis l ity. It hag
been the temporary abode of Royalty or its representatives. Opposite is
the fine Church of St Paul's over whicli is placed 11. M. G. Majesty's
Chaplains, Dr. Barclay.

We now come to iominion Square and Knox Church with its well
known Pastor Revd. Mr. Fleck. After passing it we find the large
American Church and splendid mansions, chief anjong wliich, is that of
Lord Stratbcona and Mount Royal. No man lias done more for Montreal.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

K
C
y.

Ifli

HI'-TORY OP MONTRRAL

;;
.J

o
a

•^

HIHTOHY OF MONTREAL.

166

than he ImH done, (loil bless liini for it. What Kenernus ^iftH ; the Iloyal
Victoria lioMpital, (roiimu'ted with Lord Mount Stephen The Donalda
Colle}?<< and otht'r><, and tlie writer must here acknowledf^e that an far an
ho knows not one liKitiniate scheme or call ,for Ijenevolonce ever was
made to liim in vain. May many yi«,rs Ntill be his as a Lord. As ^his
western part of the street is debarivd from Street H;iilway or heavy
traflif, it is a favorite reiidcz vous for those who ))ractiee cycling
hundreds uf whom are daily seen on its smooth pavement.

The immense IJuildinK of the (irey Nuns nnist now be spoken of. At
tlie corner cf Durchcter and Guy streets is tlie lied cross, the story of
whicli his already been pfiven in the history of .St Paul Street, as well aa
the story of their foundation in tiiat of Mcdrill Street. Tlie street then
continues on to the City limits.

The following bit of old History is inserted here which j?ive.s the
Origin of tiie n:()i)d Sisters of tiiis well k.iowu Community.

L'llopital-dr-urral de Motitri'al doit sa premiere fondation i\ un
vertueuK citoyon de cette ville, Mr. '^'rancois Charon de la Barre, qui
voulut y cousiurer ses biens et sa pwrsonne. D^ux aiitres pieux laiques,
M.M. Joan Fredin et Pierre Le Bar, secnndereut puissaininent, et doane-
ront avec lui commenoemnit a sou (n:i"^ro de charitr, de zWo et de d^sin-
trressoment. M. Le B.sr I'tait le frcre de la saiute Ilx-iuse cpii vecut viagt
ansdaus une cellule de Convent de la Con^'n'si^ation de Vdle .M'irie, sans
communication avec le monle. 11 resta lldtMe a sa vocation jusqu'^ sa
mort, ne fit point ilo vomix, niais termini uue vie salute comme pension-
nairo, A I'llopital (J.'n'ril, en O-tobro 17i)7. L^is trois amis voulaiat former
une Commuuaut,'! de Krt'res llospitaiiers, destinee a soiguer dos hommes
pauvres et inlirmes.

Di's 10 ><, M. Charon et ses ^eux associes obtiurent du Supt'riour de
la Miison de St. S ilpiee de .\I ) I'fi'il uu terrvia c laven ible t\ la Pointe
Callicres, et ils tirent bieutot a laurs frj,is plusieurs autros acquisitions pour
servir i\ la fondation do I'hopital.

It is a coincidence that two such great charitable Institutions as the
Montreal General Hospital and tiie Urey .Vunnory are to be found the one
the east the second at the west of this old street. May tliey both con-
tinue to tlourisli and in tiie coming ages do ever as much amount of good
as they have done in the years past.

Near the American Presbyterian Church once stood the Diocesan
College lately transferred to a iino building, the gifc of A. F. Ganlt, Esq.,
The present building is now the headtiuarters of the Young Women's
Christian Association of Montreal and if the Y. M. C. Association does
so much good for the young meii of the city, assuredly this one does the

106

HrSTOHY op MONTIIBAU

HaiMR i)f tlin yoiinj? \v(»in»»n. AHH()<'iHh'(l witli it .'irc Momu of tlie nioHt
Kotlly iiinl K"*"l ^VdiiuMi ()t° tilt) city. 1 cniild iiuMilioit inniiy iiaiui's but
knowiiiK tlie iiuito luoilosty of tliHMt> worktTM, tlii'^c DmiKlitHrs of Israel,
forhoar. «)iily NtatiiiK. tlia' for n loiiu: si-rieH of ycai >*, tli«*y have ever
(•lieerfull}' lielpfd 'im in my woik in (ln« l-'t-iiiali' l*ri-*nii of .Montreal and
have luHMi ever ruaiiy to I'xi-iupiify tlie ApuNtoiic wordn ** harity
never faileth."

I luiiNt Kive more tiian a passinu; ^dancf to tlu; braiitifiil < liiiii-li not
far distant. When I pas.s it, the recollectioM of itx larjje liearted Minister,
llevd. Mr . WellH, ni)pears htdore my mind, and to think, after all IiIh
lahorH in Montreal and elsew lieie he was to meet \\ ith siieli a dreadful
accidental death. His memory is stored up in iiiindreds of the eonj^re-
gatiun and it will be lon^ till \vu see his like aKain.

In this street, not far from here stands tiie k'''1"<1 ( reseent Street
Church, preBided over by a well beloved I'astor, Mev. Dr. cKay. lids
Church ^.^untainu one of the largest and wealthiest eonKi'i'K'^tio'i'^ ht the
city and it may well be so as the K<'niai I >oetor is the Head, and Centre
of the whole Institution and reigns in the htsarts of his people like the
the good old I'resbyterian Ministers of Scotland in tlie days of long ago.

Near Dorchester in Guy street stands one of the tine II.' '. C'oraniissioners
Schools, Belmont School, a view of which is given tiirough the kinduess
of P. S. Murphy, Ks<|. (Juy street received its name from a celebrated
Notary of Montreal at the commencement of this century'. In it to-day
there are a number of charitable Institutions, among them, " liie (,'liureh
Home " which was founded by the lirst .Anglican Hisiiop of Montreal
and lias lately received througu .)ur present venerable holder of the See
a very considerable amount for its future prosperity.

HIHTOIIY OF MONTHKAFi.

«67

n
r
o

X
O

hd
o
o
r

ie8

HIHTORY OF MONTIIKAU

Milllam t^tvcct an^ a^jot^t^o^trcct0.

It Ih a roiniti-kabli.' fact that we iliid in this part of th(« «'ltv. a iiiiiiii>er
ol" iiHiiixN, tho most hiyal of any in tht> City of Montreal. N\ ijliuni strtK't
was cailiHi iit'ter William iN'th and thuii \vu tlml l^inK. (.|ueen, I'rinco,
Duku, all al'tor tlio Royal Family.

Wki.i.injjton netid only be mentioned to brinK np the name of the

most illnstrions military Irislmian, the Km^rald Isle ever produced, In

t'onm>«'tion with his nitnit> I may stato that ninny years a^ijo a pri/n IViem

on the Dnkn of N\ t'llinjjton was announced at (jne of the great l';n(,'lisli

iversities. The successful candidate took for liis theme the Life and

jr of the (ireat Na|M)leon, and llnishcd an elabo ate deHcription of

i..c ({reat connnander with the followioK couplet, whicli gained him

the |.ri/e.

"So >,'reat a m»>n, the world scare • ever knew, Ment to thy (iKNMm,
C'HJIOK or VV.\ TKKKoo." It is a wonder that Napoleon is onh represented
by a street calleii Napoleon Koad and another small wtreet off at.
Lawrence.

We find pAl.liorsii: street also in this (piarter of the city and
C()|,LK(ii': from llie old Seminary i ollege whii h formerly stood there.

The ( ollege is now turned into a nest of Manufactories of all kinds
and wliere once Learning and the Arts prevailed commerce and manu-
factures now hold tlieir sway. It was once occupied by a Uegiment of
}hiti>-ii Troojis in tlu^ sixtie*. I lit* ancient i aiiie of lieland is found in
lilltKHMA street, olT Wellington, and Sf.itlaiid's (heat Revolutionist
.John Knox runs olT it in Knox street. M ('Colli) street was named after
the family of that nnmn who held extensive property here and who
were ably repiesentid by the late Hon. .Judge McCord of the .Suj)erior
Court of Montreal. Mri.i. ins street from an Irish family of that name,
once prominent in Montreal. ()tt\wa street ruuH down to the Canal
UaHin and named after the Capital of the Dominion. Skkjnkurs was
named after the old Seminary .Seigneurs of Niontreal. Workman, frt)m
the old Mayor, runs from Canning street tt) tiie City Limits, there are
also M run A '\', .Nazarktii and Ann streets.

These are the principal streets in this section of the city.

it is to be regretted that in a great many instances, two, three and
sometimes four streets, terraces and lanes bear the same name. Look at

IIISTOKV OK MONTHKAl,

lUO

8T STEPHENS tilUU(;Jl.

iTn

IIIHTORY or MONTRIIAL.

t))0 ronfiiHioii tliin raiiHitN in poMtiil arraiiKftnontM iitiil civic nfTHirN I Will not
mmui ^<><)<l Siiiniiriliin AlilHi'niiin in tlic next Couiwil liriii^ forwunl u law
aliontllic luiniiiiK or><trccts i> \Vli> Id every one, i'lopricloi' or Itiiiltter, l)«
ptM'Uiittttii to K>vtt imy nuniti lie |tleimeN to IiIn propei ty or Itlock ? liook
At the followinK. there nru no Icnh tlinn nIx locnIitieM hetirinK the name of
Alburt, three t)!' liJMliop, two of Clianiplain, two of C'herrier, two of
I)eMri\^lereH, tliree of Dominion, three of I 'on-hcNter, no iesMtlian tiv»' of
KviriH. two Krontenac, two Knlliiin, two Hanover, two of l^onu', two
Munstlehl; two Maple, two larlborouifh, three of «lutealfe, two Milton,
two Montcalm, two Napoleon, two i'l <teau, two Richmond, two floy, two
Ht. KrancoiH, two St. Menry and twu Vloturia. etc.

NVhat conrnsion this all chihoh I'he Americtn HyHtum of niimlierinfr
tlie Avenues and Streeth is far preferable and thiH could i>e <lone with
all thd ^reat Avenues of Montreal IjckIii iii^^ at C'ltmniiHsioners street and
KoiiiK Tiortli making all croHs Mtruuts numburM and all avunuuH luttern uf
the alphaljet.

A lartfe ncpuire is found lyin^ to tlie north of William Htreet and
bunth of Notre Dame and Chaitoiile/. Sipuire. All round are extensive
manufaeturuH, but at the corner rnnnitiK into ( haboille/ S(|uure stands
one of the tlnest Churches in Montreal, St Stephens, over which tlie
Venerable Archdeacon I'^vans, I). C. 1<. is the Hector, liie Arcluleacon is
better known to the public as, for many years past, beiiiK one of the
most energetic nuMubers of the I'rotestant Hoard of School Commis-
sioners. He has always been reelected wlien liis term of ollice expire<l.
He is the Archdeacon for Montreal.

We now j)ass on the Pointe St. C'harlo« and tlie Laciiine Canal,

The first movement for a canal to unite Laciiine and Montreal, took
))lace in 17U;'. Kver since then Montreal had lieen vainly endeavoring to
obtain permission to open a canal and after many delays and disappoint-
menta, work was at length begun in 1H21 and completed at a cost of
$140,0(10; but it was inailequate for the wants of the trade a.s we may
gather from the following not ce whicli appeared in the Quebec Ga/.ette
of 3rd. Nov., 1831.

A Public Notice is hereby given that the undersigned and others
will apply to the Legislative of this Province at its ensuing session of
i'arliameut for tiie Privilege to form a Joint Stock Company for the
purpose of making a Canal, Lock and Hasin.s, in such places as they may
find necessary for a useful Navigation from the Lake of the Two Moun-
tains to the waters of Laciiine a'ld from thence to the foot of the current
St. M&ry with a branch la tin I'url of Mimtrad shmdd tfiry think fit. of dimeD'
siona rutt less tlian will admit tlie Passage of such Vessels as can pass

UitTOKY OW MONTaSAL.

1^1

llirniiKli tlix Iam'Us (»!' t\\v Kiiicnii (Hiiiil, lunl to nc(|iiiro IniitlH For UnHiiH
liiiii wiiliT |irivil«'Ki'H KH may ho \\hiiIi>iI by tlin naiil < uiii|tHiiy for Ihu
NAviKiition liiut tliH iiN(> of lli«< wiitui'H tlitircor.

i loi'HtIo (intttH
I'r. Aniuildi
'1 lioinas i'liillipM
Aiitlnnv \V|iit.t»
I'uter Mcliill

Jo-4(>|l|| MuHNon

J. Itotiiiiilliur

i*. /. Ant Im Uo<|ii«

•loH, liOKIlll

Moiitn«iil Ist Octolu'i- Ig.'l.

Lte

>rH

lie

Tlui unliirK*Hiieiit liowevt^f wiih not I'lirritnl out till 1H|:{. Kver Niiice
tlifii iin|)i>ovi)iiii*iits liiive Ixtoii ^uiiiK o>i in tliu Canal (iuo|mnin)< of the
clitiiiol, and tMiliU'KinK <!>•' \vi<llli nnd nti\\ Kicitfr Irnpi'ovrnifntH than HV»r
thoKo pRxt f('\v years havti hci-n aio hi'iuK itccoiuiiliMliud, nntil me many
ywai'M, HliipH and Htfumoi-H of very lar^o tonnaKw »«'W and will (oven
lar^l)r onen) i)i' ahln to ascund ua^ily from > untreal to Lachino.

Many lar^u mannfai-torieN arc found on its hunks and at and around
Windmill i'oinl gru^t trullic and husiuHHH can hu HutMi diiriuK the Muason
of NaviKation.

A lint' Ih idgi' " I he ( niran III id^'c " spa' h it an<l s»*v«>ral others at
I'ointt' St C harU's and ( oti- St. I'aul. Thu \vliol« ntMKldjorliuod of tlie
Hasin tccniH with IliV and activity duriuK the summer season.

I'ointo St. Charles \\ oidd he nothing without the Crund I rnnk
Hai'way. It has built up tins part of the City and is continually boiuK
the meauH uf developing more and more this populous district. Let uh
for a little, revert to the commencement of Kuilways in Crnatla. Certain
Kcntlcmen of Montreal in the year 18:51 took steps to obtain a charter for
a railway between Laprairie and St. Johns and "The himplain and St.
Lawrence Railway" was opened in \K'A\ and succHsfully worked by
steam the followiuK years. The llrst EuRine w aH called "The Kitten''
and I believe it exists to tliis day.

In isr.' thei'Kwasa brisk trade up tlie Champlain Valley *'ov I^urlinjfton
and Whitehall over this railway, the only railway in Cauiula, from La-
]iraiiie toSt. John-i. Tlie liiui shut down in winter, just th''ik of it
as the reason was " there was no advantagH in connecting the ice of the
Uichelieu with the ice of the St. Lawrence."

In the year 1SI4 however their spranp up n preat desire to liave a
winter port for Canada, a meeting was held in the old Congregational
Church at the East end of the Champ do Mars the object of which was
the project of the St. Lawrence ami Atlantic railway. The meeting was
small but attending it were some of those master minds which have

172

HISTORY OP MONTHKAL.

giiidod Montreal on to luu- j)rc.seiit state of Hipfiiillcanee. Tlie u:reat ovent
ol' tijat intH'tiiiK was tlio addioss and paper ^'veii by jud>>:»i I'reble of
Portland. Maine. This soon giivo fruit in a matured plan for a railway
from Montreal to Portland, liy the exertions of a Hmall group of
energetic citizens among whom wc^ro the Honorable Goorge MolTatt. .Sir
Alexander Cralt. the Honorable A. N. Morin, anil the Hbie. John Young
this road was opened in 1818 from Longuouil to St. llyacintlie, and it
was afterwartis pressed forward until it was absorbed into the Grand
Trunk system.

In the year ISll, the Champlain and St, Liwroneo Railway was
completed to Rouse's Point and the St Lawrence and Atlantic to Richmond.
In IS") 2 a railway was opened to Mooi'^'s .lunction (jn the Ogdensbnrg
rf)ad and the St. Lawrence and Atlantic rcaciied Sherbrooke.

N(»w came the idea of building a Bridge across the St. Lawrence
River, Tlie possibility o'.' such a vast undertaking was demonstrated by
Tiiomas Keefer, Ks(|., in a re|)()rt wiiich he furnished to Honorable John
Young, as the Presi lent of tlie projected Montreal and Kingston
Railway

In thi.s year, liowever, both that western undertaking and the
Portland Railway were absoi bed in the (iuAM) Think Raii.wa'S'. i lie
celebraLiid Mf.-srs. Pete, Hrissey and Ik'tis obtained the contract for its
construction and so the (i. T. R. hatl birth.

In 185,3, no railway vet to the west was in existence, gieat quantities
of Loods were ever arriving at iiongueuil for Montreal and west, and the
carters in those days, sjiecially in ^^ inter, liad a busy and money making
time, for this year isrilithe railway was opened through to Portland,
Maine.

It was now determine.' to build tlie KKiiirri Won'DKH of tuk
World for so the \'icloria lb idge has long been called. On July 20th,
1854, the first stone of the Victoria Bridge was laid and the same year
the railway ran to Point Levis, opposite Quebec. As the G, T. R. liad
only reached Hrockville, a va.st amount of western tratlic drifted into tlie
American Railways for Boston and si)ecially New York. But now the
Canadian i)lnck and inate courage of our people asserted itself. The Allans
came to the fore witli their sj)lendid Line of tlie Mo treal Ocean
Steamship Company. I lie G. I , R. had been completed to Toronto a ""ii
the first train from Montr-al to Toronto left on the 27th of October,
1850. That same year in November it was opened to Stratford. The
oecabion was celebratefl by a fete. Into these rejoicings the citizens of
all classes and nationalities bent their utmost energies. They sent
iuvitations to all the lea<liijg people in all the cities and towns of Canada

lirslTOHY OF MONTRKAL.

173

and balls illiuiiinationH and rejoicinfrs and a holiday expres.sed tlio hopei
and aMj)irat;onHof the inhabitants of Montreal in particular and Canada
at large.

On the 17th Decenibe. 1^50 tlie Victoria HridKe was completed and
the (i. I". II. was opt^n now from I'ort Huron on tlin Like of tliat ii'ime to
Portland on llio Atlautif ( oast a miufhty work accomplislu'd by tlie
enerjjies and determination of the Canadian peopit«. In l^^iiO commenced a
decade of progress, The Prince of Wah-s rcpresMntitiK the Majesty of
the liritish Kinpire canus out to ("aniulato oinu the Victoria Hridge and
to see and make known on iiis j .-tui ii, s\ hat kind of i)eo|)le were the
loyal sons of liis Mother, in Hritisii Nortli America. He saw and cert-
ainly gave a good report. ' he opcninir of the Victoria Uridge was an
event which will be never forgnttcM l)y thosi- who \\ iuie-sed it. (Jreat
festivities au'l rejoicings wiue the order of the day and I can remember
that w'len the youtliful Prince Albert with a ringing blow sent down
the golden spike into its place the whole air resoun ed with the accla-
matiuu " God .save the Queen."

And well has the old Bridge stooil. My day and by niglit over its
Avell built piers thousandsand ten thousands of trains have jtasseJ since
that day and never has there been an accident.

The (Jrand Trunk Railway svstem during the decade of lH(;0xl870
received its fidl development. There is no iloubt that lontrealowjs
much to the G, T. [I. The steady incrcasH of its trade was due to its
inrtnence, In Ontario and elsewhere many of the small railroiids were
absorbed by the (Jrand Trunk, for as yet the Victoria IJridgo was the
only one which spanned the .St I,.aw lence east of Niagara. This occasion-
ed the merchants of the city, winter and summer, to have their ware-
liouses full, all were kept busy. In i'^71 The (irand Trunk had aL.iorb-
ed (to its credit) and possessed every outlet and inlet, in winter, of the
City of Montreal. Tliis led, on account of tlie ever imrea^ing trade to the
organization of the (Canadian Pacilif Kiilwav, and now at the close of
this century botli railways are taxed to tlieir uttermost to expoi't the
amazuig quantities of grain annually produced in Manitoba and
the North-West. The Virioria Mridge is now under reconstruction to
enable the vast amount of tratlie to daily pass over it. The management
is under the personal eye of a most nuergetic and first class railway
men, Mr. Hays, and it will n t be ins fault if in succeeding years
the Old Grand Trunk 'f which Canadians are pr-ud will anil still be
" Secundus nulii."

174

1 I

HISTORY OF MONTREAL,

VICTORIA iil A.L

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

175

As I have just said tlie railway, thoupli it lias jjassed tlirough trying
times of opjjOHition and depression of trade, still holds its onward way
and it will be a blessing to the Dominion, for lonff years to come. Before
closing the remarks of the G, T. R. I must bring up one or two who
have been connected with the management in the years past, but who like
so very many of the older inhabitants of Montreal liave joined the great
majority. The Honorable James Ferrier was long its governing head in
Canada. Chs. J. Brydges long its Manager and the late Sir Joseph
Hickson in and later years its central figure. Peace to their ashes. They
all worked liard for the (J. T. Railway of Canada.

At Point St. Charles are the General oftices of the (J. T. R. but as
the}' are in an inconvenient phuie for the business men of Montreal, no
doubt they will be removed. Some years ago those oflices were at the
P«)int, then they were translated to Jacques Cartier Square and once
more, after having built tlie present extensive Buildings, taken to
Point St. Ch .rles.

Business extension and easier connnuiiiciitlon with the merchants of
the City render it imperative that tiiey should now be located in Mont-
real and it is hoi)ed before long that they will be.

The different Religions den ^minations are well represented at the Point
by their Churches, all substan iftl builditigs and each having good cong.
regations yet one that over wliiih Dr. Kcr is Rector hf)l<ls an especial
record. Originally built by the Grand Trinik on the land n i\\ occupied by
them as yards, it rfceivcid the name of " Grac-e ("hurch " from the luune of
the wife ()t Chas. J, Brydges then the General Manager. Dr. Ker is one
of the mt)st erudite and learned of the clergy of Montreal and he is a fine
example, like the Dean, of a perfect Iii-h gentleman and saynig that, ilmt
is enough.

Vfouditn is a village near the Pointe. In it is situated the Protestant
Hospital for the Insane. The diief inhabitant of the place is John
Crawford Ksti, a man who never looked to more advantage tlian when
Hs the Master of the Hounds, he pursued in his younger days, with
energy and spirit the exliilerating pastime of " hunting Kavard " In liis
red coat and spurred boots he looked, as he always does, a fine speci-
men of an Anglo Saxon.

Along the bank of the Canal we come to a nice Vill ge also a suburb
of Montreal "(JotkSt. Paul." There is a fine P]nglish Church here,
for more than a quarter of a century having been superintended by Dr.
L. Davidson Q.C.. and who has done as mucli solid good work in the place
as any ordained Minister.

In time these places will be annexed to tl;e City of Montreal.

170

H [STORY OF MONTREAL.

'>' .'imiUUiiiiiiii,. '',;iiiiiii

HISTORY OF MONTIU'^AL.

177

St. Cuncoon^c.

Tliis important siibiiib is nn incorporated City by itse'f, its inhabit-
ants air fast creepinK nj) to tlu' 20. '100. Maiw Iarp;e MianiifactiiroH aro
found witliin its limits. It is impos,sil)lo to tell, wiicn a stranger drives
alonK Notro Dame StnKit, wliero Montreal ends and StCinieKonde begins.
It is to be hopeii that under the ni'W Council of .Montreal, St Cuiieponde
St Henri and other outlying Mnnieipalities, all will be ainal^'amnted into
one grand City and indeed I j,'o as far as tliat of oiu- |)ros|)eetive Mayor
and would inelude the whole Island of Montreal, under the same system
as has been inaujyurated in (Jreater New York. We liave not the ditti-
c'ulties tliey liave h.id to overcome, no rivers or arms of the sea to pass
like as in New York and Brooklyn, we are all one Island ind that tlie
most important in tlie dominion of (^anada. .Inst fancy that the total
])opulation of tlie Island of Montreal nearly doubles the t<jt»l of the
Province of Princi Edward Island.

It has its own T.,ej;:i-lature, eiiMctinj,' its own Lawsand rcfjulations, sends
its Senators and Members of Parliament to the Canadian Capital and yet
Montreal witli all its wealtli and jiopulation must go to tiie Legislature of
Quebec, for permission to be allowed to do almost everything. It is
prejiosterous. As Home lluleslionld be given to Scotland, Ireland and
Wales, to manage tlieir own internal alfairs like the rroviiice- in the nf)nii-
nion and the States of the Cnioii, so siiould Montreal have the unden able
right of doing likewise especially as the greater amount of tl e taxes retpii ■
red by the Quebec (Jovernment art? taken from the City and the Island.
Tliere was once a time in the History of Canada when a movement and a
strong one, took jilace of coiiiu^cting this Island with Up|)er (anida, now
the Province of (Jntario. If Homo Rule for Montreal does not in the near
future berome a '* fait accomj)li ;" may be tlie movement will be recus-
sitated and this beautiful Island and metropolitieal City lost to the
Province of Quebec.

Stranger things have happened in these stirring times. A Province
equally progresive as any of the present may be formed out of |jarts of
Quebec and Ontario and Montreal Island may yet i)eeome one by itself.
The B. N. A. Act can be altered as well as any other Law. The great
Daniel O'Connell used to declare, "he never saw a Law, but he could
drive a coach and six horses through it." Progression is the order of the
day and the _lith century is drawing near. I heyoung boys of the Island
are fast growing uj) to bo the Rulers and Legislators of the new century
and all 1 h»ve said may yet before a (lecade or two of that century has
passed be realized. The whole circumstance of the divided municipali-
ties of Montreal projier and those of the cuuntry parts reminds me of the
City's motto " Concordia Salus" also of an old country saying " I'nited
we stand, disunited we fall."

178

HISTORY OF MOM'KKAL.

St. Ibcnvi.

Is also a city by itself, but what applies to St ("micj^oiule
applies to St Heuri. St Henri conntains a most important Station o'.' the
G. T. R. "All Trains stop at St Henri" tor theri', one brancii takes the
traveller , east, north and soutli to New York, Hoston, Portland, Quebec
and Halifax, whilst the ot'ier goes west to the K'i»*iit regions of the
Occident including all our ))opulous and grow iujs' Canadian cities.

Some line public buildings are seen in this City. Tiic Churdi is a
massive structure. In days of old it was eallod " The Tanneries " and
through it, as at this day, runs one of the roads to Lachine. The only
great manufactory of Sewing Machines can be easily distinguislu-il from
its imposing appearance and also the Cotton .Mills.

Stc Catbcrinc Street.

This street is becoming the great business centre of the c'it\ . I can
well remember when all the streets above it in the western part to
Sherbrooke were an o})en field and when thi- ^^el^lngton Block was
built which was then considered a grand row. now both east and west
from it, immense business stores rear their heads, showing the pluck and
perseverence of onr citizens.

St Catherine street has been extended east to the present limits of
Montreal and west into the suljurbs, springing up everywhere. When a
few years ago. St James the Apostles Church waserecteil, all around was
unoccupied fields, now on every side bloi-ks of dwellings liave gone up or
are going up and a large, populous conmunity, of the better class are
settled or are settling in all the streets intersecting St. Catherine st. The
English Catljedral was tlie lirst large structure erected and now it is
difficult to count the number of grand stores, cliurclies, dwellings^
theatres and other places, dotted over its wiiole lengtli.

Like many of the other streets, its name is taken from tli'' ('alendar
of the Church, and called after. "Ste. (Catherine." Slie was ,i Saint and
martyr A, D. 307. She is highly reverenced in both the Eastern and
Western Churches, especially among the Greeks, wlio spell her name
'Katharine." Her place of martyrdom \vas Alexandria in Egypt, and
the mode of torture was between four wheels armed with short spikes or
swords, which, revolving dittorent ways lacerat-ed her body to pieces.
Hence we have all heard of or seen the katharine or Catherine wheel,
her emblem. Perhaps, no Saint, has been represented so often witl. her
wheel, in the east as well as the west, aii she has been.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL,

17M

':ii!||l|rf''''^^W'*''''i'^

■ilk. '

;i::|!!ii=iti#-ifti;!:;:| j|,|

'Sir ^'^% 4-^.'^

110

niSTORY OF MON'TUKAL.

Two public sqiinres abut on the Houtli sldo, Imlli in the wost mul.
In IniHinesH circloH, whoio can wt- soo ho miiii\ linn Htuit« of nil kiiuls, hh
1 lamilton'H, Murphy's, Morj^Hii's, Lewis, S( ri)ji:Ki«''>*- *^ wnijilti-li'M. 'l'(><)ko'H,
Slinw'H, Offilvie's, I'aul'H, Hancock iS: Dndf^con's, Alexander's, Urowii'H,
Holland's, Phelan's, Hirk'n, and many otin-rs, and iti tlie Kiist end -oinu of
tbe b»Ht stores in .Montreal are Connd in this stre(»t, doiri^; a very larj^e
amount of business for their eastern eiistoniers. Two Theatres aro in
the street. The tiueen's in the west and tlie French theatre in the east.
There is also the Academy of INlnsie a few yards from tiie street iiNo the
statural History Museum and Art (lailery. In the centio p-irt we li ive
the IMateau Academy. This Homan ( 'atln)lic ( 'ommercial Academy w>s
erected in 1870, on the I'lateau between St Catherine and Onbiriostreets.
To P. S. Murphy Esq, .Member of the Council of l'id)Mc lustnn-tion and
School Commissioner fur Montroal, an 1 his uutiriuK elT'orts th i( it is
j)iincii)aliy owin>;f that the cause of I'lducilion anioiiK <>tir Calh'ilic
fellow citi/.ens in this city has been elevated to the liiKh standard it
now occupies. And it is also due to him to state that to his cidtivated
taste and love of Art, we owe the splendid structure and ornanuMital
grounrls on the IMafeau, and the mmy other line l)uildin>,'s erected by
the Catholic School Commissioners which embelli>di and adorn various
parts of our City, tliree lino views of which are given in this Hook
through liis kindness.

After passing Hleury street St. James .Mctliodi^st Church looms up as
one of the most imposing structures in Montreal. My old friend l)r, Ilobt
Campbell has his St. Gabriel Church removed from the Champ do .Mars to
a littls^ distance of this cliurch on the opposite side. His old chiu'ch
was tiie first I'resbyierian one erecteil in the city and dates back to
lliis time last century. I lie genial Doctor published somo years ago a
most interesting w< rk on the History of the Church and Montreal which
includes a vast amount of important m itter on " Old Montreal."

Standing facing Phillip's S()uare. is the structure of Morgan's Store, a
credit, to the City and btnlt of good old .Scotch red sand stone ;^ freestone)
from the great Corncockle quarries of Ayrshire. It is one of tlie siglits
of the City. N\ ithin is a perfect iJitnorama of almost everything to
delight tiio eyes and it is bard (with a ligijt purse) not to break tlie
commandment^^. (Thou shalt not covet.) The two founders Henry and
James Morgan liave passed to tiie groat majority, but their successors
continue this great business with the energy and pluck whicli charac-
terized the old lirm when years ago, the establishment stooil in McGill
Street.

Living in Hochelaga during the twenty four years of the Writer's
Incumbency in the English Church there he always found the whole
family intellectual and gifted and one of the daughters has secured to her-
self an undying fame by her beautiful hook of poetry and English poeti
cal translations from the French and (Jerman and which was highly
eulogised in Canada, the United States and England. ,

HISTOIIV UF MONTHKAL.

18t

ST. JAMEvS METHODIST LlHUROH.

HIHTUliV OF MONTKKAIi

Mii'kM' lnr^t« tort^ iict'il nnlx \n^ iiKMitioiiiil hy NtatiiiK'< it i'* tli*'
liii'^i'Ht ill MoiitiTiil iiiid one III' itH objtH't Ni^htM iiitoiMiiillv. Oppo^^ih' !'<
tli(> lii>niitit'iil KiikIIhIi ( atlio iral with itH clmstu iiioiiiniioiit to tlit* IIihI
Hisliop of .M(iiitr«>iil iiinl Mt'tropnlitiiii of ('fuiiiilfi ami b«yoiiil it H«>t< iioiixi'
tlic (<ni<'ial I'l^Hidciici* o! tlii< AiiKlicui Kisliop

\\ n iiiiiHt not casually puss iiy willioiii "ipcnlxiiiu ol t wo important
InstitutionH iiuar St, ('atlitti'iii«> StrtM<t. " 'I'lu' Vnt.riiiary ('oIU'k'h" ami
"Naliiial History Must>iiiii." I lu> f(/niu'r is pivsjiiiMl pvit l»y nm. of tho
best known Doi-torsin lin- Doiiiiiiion ami so ii'spccti'il ami skilliii that
lut is tiiu MM'o^ni/.iMJ ollicial of tli(4 Doininioii (iovoi iiiiiciit in all ilis(>ast>s
coniitit'toil with catMo, a rt<Hpoiisibltt situation, as Caiiatia'N Kt't'Ht fiitiiic
export IiikIh to Enrop«>, with its coroals, w ill coiisist of its nniiiiaJH, its
cluiiisc anil but t«M'. I'r. Mi-I'liiLhHrn ii('stu"Vos wi'll of tlio (•niiiiitiinity for
having already shown his clisi-riniination in ctTtain issiiHs wliicii wtM'o
before tlie public ix'Kardint,' i|uarantim>, etc.

Tlio Natiiriil liistory Mnsetiiu contains om> of thi' finest cDliections in
Cannda l)nt is too littlo know n. Two or tliii'i- hours ran Ito prolitiliiy
spent hti(3 in MirvcyiiiK its wonderful cnriosit ies, cliicf anioiiK w hich.aii!
the presents «if that liirife liearteii citi/en tiie late lionorabht .faines li^errier
w hieji he brought frt)in h^K.vpt and the l']ast. Anionjj: th»'iii \- a perfect
l<>>ryptian Miiiinny and wlieii looking nn the s|iri\(!lleii dried up f^ce it
recalls to ones mind tlie splendid s(an/,is of tlie I'oeni writti'ii to
anotlier Mummy in Rel/.oni'.H Exiiibition.

A good hull is found in the MitHenn and the; Writer reinenibeis in the
sixties of liMviiiK delivered a Lecture on ( dncliolop;y in it to the pupils of
all till! li.id es Si'hools then in Montreal. In tho-e da\s l/idies Scliools
were ^''cat institutions in thel ity. Xolhin^; more need Ue siiid but that
it WHS a meat success o\viiiK to the Chaiiinan beinic Dr. llingsion, now
Sir William IliiiKston, a lifelonj,' friend of the Writer's mid one of whom
Montreal miiy well be jaoud. Sir Widimn is a man of a thousand and he
iuiH sliown it when lie was Mmvoi' <>f Montreal, l»\ his w uld w ide repu-
tation, by ills high position in his profo.ssion ami the late murk of merit
in distinK<iishii)K Idm "Sir William" though his good old titlt! "Dr
llingston" ever is the lirst on the lips of his old friends.

I cannot pass by these few remarks on Sir. W illiam in |)aiticular and
Physicians in gi'iieral but es|»eeially on our genial Doctor, uith'uit
cpioting from the Jiook of the Apocrypha in l^]eclesiasfciciis .'iSchaj). w here
it is thus written. " Honor a j)hysieiaii with the honor due unto him,
for of the Most High cometh healing and he shall receive honor of tlie
Iving. The skill of tiie I'hjsician shall lift up liis head and in the >ight
of great men lie sliall be in admiration. "

We now come to, on both sides of the street a long M.ries of stores of
all kinds. One of the best known Cliemist stores in the city is that of
' Lewis. " For many years he liad his business establishmont in tin- Y . M.

IIIHTOUV OF MONTKKAI-.

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C. Association linililinK '» Victoria Sciuare but like ho many of the down
Town ruorchants has conio into this street wliicli is rapiiliy becoming the
liroadway oi' Montreal. 1 lie interior oi" Mr. Lewis' store is eliastily
arifinKi'd and every tliiiif; siiows tiiat tins Prdjirit'tor has artisti*- tastes
eonibintd with his extensive knowleclge of (Jiieniis'.y and Materia
Mediea. To him the Piiaru)a<-o|)(eia is not a sealed but an open book.

Shaw's I'iauoand Mnsic store has also come from under the hill,
Henry Shaw \\ as one oT t he l)esi knowi, men in tlie city, twenty iive years
ago, in his business. I can well lemember \\ lien he liisLeame to Montreal
as A>,'ent and Auctioneer for larRe (lu.intities ofliooks brou^iit frtnn
Kn>j;land. I liis is to some extent carried i>n by his Ihotlier. Perhaps no
such Auctioneer for Mooks evc^r appeared in this C'it_\'. lie seemed to be
perfectly ac((uainteil with every volume whieli he held up in his hand and
his eiudite remarks on it made one buy \\ hether previously inclined or
not.

'! liis store does a larpe amount of business especially in music and
the dilTerent musical instruments, found therein besides Pianos and
Organs.

Oft email, those of Murphy's and ()j!;ilvie's and Hamilton's stand
out conspiciK)usly. Jolin Muiphy is a worthy son of his father, the dear
old man, 1 ktuiW so well in the early years of the fifties, wlien ho had
his store at tiie corner of St John and Notre i^ame streets. Jle was one
of the most ^fenial old Irishman in liu» cit\ . and his saintly wife was a
diamond cf the first water, It is a littiiij^: si^piel to the father's probity
and truth tiiat his son has built nj) such a business on the foundation of
the ol<l " lielfast l^inen Store " of the Iouk a^jfo.

As a Florist and one u ho has succeeded well in Montreal, must be
mentioned ( oliu (amjibell. His conservatories must be seen to be
described but, as I have never reached tiie distinction of beiuK aljle to do
justice to and describe su( h establisjiinents. my advice to my Uea<lers
is, for all to K<> there and tlien to his store and see and purchase for
themselves the beautiful jilants and llowers.

Ihunilttms is a store \\ liieh can oul\' be seen to be des libed. Once a
Presbyterian ("h'lich, they have transformed it internally into a veritable
Oriental Ha/.aar and the ever oblip:inj; firm with their large corps of
assistants are taxed to the utmost on cheap side's days. It is a pity that
the outward appearauce of the store does not fulfil the ideas of the
interior, but tiiis may be remedied in the future.

Ogilvie's is a grand new store, an ornament to the street and the
piace where every thing " Scotch " can be procured. The senior partner
has succeeded well since, years ago, lie opened his store at the corner of
Mountain ami St. Antoine streets. Every thing is very substantial in this
establishment from tluit of the owner hiuHelf to the quality of his goods
ana Daughters of Old Scotia flock there knowing they will get all the
Clan Tartans of Caledonia and tlie best of Englisli goods.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

185

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One corner store, the internal view of wliicli is jfiven, is tlmt of
Walter Paul's. Tliis is the n:re;it Kstablislinient in Montreal, for all
<iroe(»rieH, l>'iuits and sncli like. Walter l*;iul is as well known as St. Cathe-
rine street itself, and it is becanse he is an upri^rlit and conscientious
dealing man, that he has acquired such a prominence. He is a member
of various, charitable and t)ther institutions ami a lar^'e hearted citizen
in all benevolent schemes.

We must nr»t |)ass by tlie Kvan|?elistic Rooms and store. They are
presided over by the well knoA^n Miss Barber. She is a daughter of
the old Professor of Klocution of McGill ( ' ille^e, Hr. Barber, and in the
fi ties, in the Hij^h School of that Institution, the Writer had often to
listen to ills uni(|ue method of instruction when he was one of the
i eachers of that School,

Some fine Churches are found in the west end of St. Catherine ami
intersectiuK streets, and between this street and Sherbrooke are many
interesting buildings.

The Diocesan (ollejfe was built entirely by tlie great liberality of
A. F. Gault Esq. It is a fine buililiiiK and rellects credit on the
Architect. The High School too is a large structure, but 1 <iuestiftn
whether the mode of K lucatiou is up to that whi(rh emanated from the
Old High School of Mc(iill. 1 he great number of our first class English
Merchants Literary and l*fofes>:ioial m^nan 1 others holding the rJ ns of
Montreal's prosperity in their iiands, who were educated there, is an un-
an.swere.l j)roof that the education given in the forties, fifties and sixties
was as tliorough as that now given witli its grades and subdivissions
anil modern idetts. I could pick out from all the above classes men now
in .Mont eal who owe their present position to the good and thorougli
education they received in those old days, from such Educators as Rector
Howe, T. A. Gibson, ])avi<l Roger, Wm. Bowman and J. I). B. May the
present Higii School, however. j)rosper as the old one did. It is under a
good staff of Teachers and the School Commissioners are men wlio know
their duty and responsibiht}', and are striving to keep up to these ])ro-
gressive times.

On Stanley street stands the Synagogue of the Spanish and Portuguese
Jews. This building (a beautiful cut of its Interior is given) was erected
in 18911 and opened for public worship. It is a most attractive edifice
being based on the best traditions of Jewisli arcliiteeture. It is a com-
bination of the massive forms of Ancient Egypt with tlie graceful
features of Eastern art. Within everything is choice and beautiful. Its
'ofty c )lonnades, its remarkable Ark of best mahogany and marble and
its fine coloring, all unite to make it quite distinct from any other place
of worship in Montieal, and as I said in my large (Jazetecr "give it an
individuality appropriately in keeping with the striking indivitluality of
the Peculiar People who worsiii)) within its walls."

188

HISTOUV OP. MONTREAL

HI8T0UV OF MONTRKAL.

180

I'liis sliort (U'limiit would bo inc(tiiii»lt'tt) witlioul. luuntioiiiriK the
well known Dr. I'eSola, wIiosd .son lias inlientiui tlio nuintlo which fell
Ironi his father'H .shouUlerH when ho Joinod the f<''»?"t miijority. l>i'.
|)«>Sola was a icintwkahlo man both ni his wiitiii^s and orndition and
one ol' Mi(iill's I'lot'oMSKi's and 1 fool niynoli" proud to iiavo boon, nearly
fifty years ago, associatod w ith him as one o'.' tiio inimy Teachers of
M(,'(«ill in tlioso ear!\ days. His son Clarence Irvl the distinction of
l>lanninj,' and ovi-rsocing tliu constrncUon of the SynaK<>Ki*e, which
enables luo to say, that altlionKh a bnsy man in is niorciUitilo career, he
yet eonld draw ont and carry to :4uccessfnl i-ssne such a building a» is uu
hoaof to Montreal.

I well romombor when St .James the Apostle's Ciinrch stood alone in
a field and fields then all around. Tiio worthy Rjctur, Rvd, Canon
Kllogoode will shortly hold iiis .lubilee, wlion he was ordainod. He is
and has always boon one of the most polished gentlemen in Montreivl and
of its representatives, aw he was of the Bishop, at the great public d nner
giv^en to our retiring Mayor, H. Wilson Smith, Esq.. which was honored
by the presence of the talented young Archbishop Hruciiesi of Moitreal.

Some Association ground; for recreation are pas-od at tho west
end. where the youth of Montreal show their agility in tiio dilToront
branches of athh^tics etc Tht^ Western Hospital, doing a good work
is seen a little off on the south .side. We proceed west till wo reacii the
tJlen. This brings u|i miiuioriesof the fifties, when the Writer was more
tlian once a guest of the late Hugh Ramsay, one of tho best known of
old Montrealers and whose son Kobert, a talented Advocate of the city,
died in the juiino of his life a few years ago. I'he Manor House was
then called "Tho Glen "' hence to tliis day tho name is perpetuated in the
dell there soon. One road to tlie Moinitain Park comes down and moetH
St. Catherine street at this point, but all is so changed now, that the old
proprietor would scarcely know the place.

••> .■■•-' ^^rf' Si— ■'■^•s*'

IIIHTORV OK MONTKKAI..

Nonunion Square.

This Siiuaru was uriKinally a Roman CatliolicCemi'torv, and liuinlreds
of citizens Htill lie below its siiriiu-o. It was made a public scjiiare and
hnndreds more were taken ont when tlie ( ote de \eiKes (Jenii'teiv open-
ed up, tlieirboneH were eollected in heaps and taken there, the old cortins
bein^ |)ilud up in large stacks and burned on the spot. This continued
till Tears of an epidemic caused them to be ciirted to I'ointe St. Charles
and there burned in the holds. It is now the largest and best Sijuare
in the City, but I can never pass tjvei* the Sipiareand especially the north
side of it without these lines of the EiiKlish I'oet running tiirough my
mind.

*' Heiieath our feet and o'er our liead
Are countless warnings given,
Beneath us lie the silent dead
Above us is the Heaven."

The fine picture following this short description of the .S()uare was
received from New York and is an admirable view of the Scjuare.

Some of the linest buildings in Montreal are found liere, as St James
Cathedral, Windsor Hotel, Y. M. C. Association Rooms, Hamilton's stoi-e,
Methodist Church, St Ceorge's Church, the C. 1'. H. Depot and the line
monument to .Sir John A. McDonald. I'erliajis the most important
imposing and largest religious odillce, not onlv in Canada, but in America
is St James Catliedral. It is an exact du})licate in the scale of one half of
the celebrated St Peters in Rome, its length is '.'AW feet with a jiortico of
30 feet, its breadth is J'J.j feet at the transept The height from tlie
pavement to ridge of the roof is no less than HI) feet, the height of the
dorue witii lantern ball and cross 230 feet whilst the interior diameter of
tlie dome is 70 feet. It is not yet completed and when, will present to
thej eye of the spectator one of the grandest structures to the glory
of God to be found in any country. .Near by, anil connected with it is
the I'alace of the Archbishop of .Montteal. This title recalls to the
Writer's mind a former saintly Archbishop (Hourget) who, with his
genial and talented Canon (Lamouche) did much to establish tlie 2nd
edition of the " Harp of Canaan " in Canadian Schools and especially in
soma of the principal Ecclesiastical Convents. >

HISTOIIY OK MONTUKAI-.

101

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IIISTOIIY OF MONTH KA I..

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Y. M,1C. A. BUILDING.

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HISTORY OF MONTREAL

108

An Aiitlinr may, Indeed, Imve well felt proud, when lie reoeive«i huiIi
comniendAtion from the highest authority in Montreal of hin literary
labors. It roadi as followM :

Kveeh^ de Montreal.

Cher MouHieur,

"Chaque iiHge de votre ouvrage est une des plus brillantefi <l(> la
literature Chr^tienne et renneiuble pour un tableau complet do I'liiMtoiro
des deux Testaments, tracu vraiuient du main de luaitre. .fadmire
comme vous aveK pu rapprocher et Her ensemble tant de piecen detacln'e.s
Hans rien forc^j puurtnnt, ni rien sacriHer du recit. C'eft, A mons muiis
UQ rare merite, et je vouh felicite de tout canir."

The Windsor is the largest Hotel In Canada, and is owned by a syn-
dicate, of wliich Charles Garth is President. It is always tlie abode of
the (iovernor-Oeneral when lie visits Montreal, and has now built to it a
large Hall, where many gatherings are held, and delighful concerts.

The Y. M. ('. A. Building is too well known, as their association is,
to require much notice from me. It has for years been the menus of
doing a vast amount of good to the young men of Montreal, and has ever
been most ably conducted by Mr. Budge, who is always alive to every
movement which may help young men and keep them from theatros and
saloons. His work is well known all over America, and no man is bcttm'
fitted than he is to do what he is doing. May he long be spared to thu
Institution. ITe is in his ofliclal capacity the right m.in in the right
place.

I am very glad to bo able to j)lace here in connection with the Y. M.
C. A. Building, a sliort sketch of the present esteemed President of tliat
important Christian institution, and I may add that the app;)iutiueut of
Mr. Ames to his present position ia the Council of Montreal as Aldenn in
for the most influential and moneyed ward in the city has been a ^ood
step in the right direction, and in the various civic functions whirii lie
will be called upon for the next two important years to perform, he will
do nothing that will militate against the development of his native city,
but everything to endeavor to make Montreal, as she is destined to be,
the Metropolitical city of Canada, which in the next century will be one
of the powerb of the Continent.

H. B. Ames was born in Montreal, 27th June 1868. His early
education was obtained in the city, and wa? supplemented by a four
years classical course in college at Amherst, Mass.

Upon graduation at the age of tv^enty-two, Mr. Ames went into
business with his father, in the firm of The Ames, Holden Co., wholesale
manufacturers of boots and shoes, where he remained until December of

IIU

MIHTOIIY OF MONTKKAL.

1HI)8. Since that tiinu Mr. AnieH Iiah Kiven lih tituo nlniost exeliiNively to
Htiuiy au(i iiublic work. At preHunt liu holds tliu I'ollowinfc poMitionH:—

Moiubur of till) I'rotcstKiit (Joiiiiintteu of tlit) Comicil of I'lihlic liiHtriic-
tlon : I'ruHidunt of the YtuiiiK Mtju'f^ Christian AHsociiitioii ; Aldurninn for
St. Antoiiie Wuril in the City Council : Klder nnd c-htrlv of the SewNion of
the American I'rcHbyteriun Cluircii, iind htiH until recently been I'roMident
of tiie Volunteer Klectoral Lchku«', and Secretary of tlie Municipal
ANHociation. Mr. AmeH in aim) a Director in iialf a <lo/.en mercantile
c'ompaniea, and owner of an extennive plant of workinKUkeuti' dwellings
operated on ))hilantliropic principleM.

Mr. Ames npeakH Krencii and KuKlish and has been a contributor to
the Century Maga/.ine ; Cana<lian MaKa/.ine ; the Hulletin of the hepart-
niont of Iiab(»r, and other pnblicatioiiH. In the spring of 1807, he pub-
liHhed a work entitled "Tlie (,'ity Below the Hill," bein)r a HocioloKJcul
study of a considerable induNtrial Hection of the City of Montreal.

The CI;' rches in this Stpuire speak for themselves. St. Georjfe'n is
par excellance, ihe church for tiio Kiifjflish people, thouKh its Rector is
the genial and well known Irishman, " Dean Carmicljael." The present
Anglican Hishop was connected with St. (ie(»rgo's as first, Assistant
.M inister, then as Hector, and now as Hishop, for over half a century.
Some of the wealthiest people in Montreal attend this church. When
the spire is completed it will be one of the ornamentH of the wquare.

The C. I', n. Station, a tine cut of which is K'ven, through the kind-
nes:s of Mr. McNicoll, needs no pen of mine to praise it or the railway, of
which it is Montreal's terminus. The C.P,R lian revolutionized Canada,
and without it the vast plains in the West would still be barren wilds.
It deserves well of the people of Canada.

Although a good deal of " scare" in some public quartern against
this railway in the years past was lieard, Canadians are now beginning
to see that their country owes more than thanks to tliose intrepid men
•who organized the company and carried throu^^h )?uch a vast undertaking,
even before the time expired by contract for doing ho The British
Government, too, acknowledges the utility of the line, tor now by it are
sent to or brought back, all reinforcements for the Western Coast and
Pacific Fleet. It will yet be. in connection with the People's Railway,
" The Intercolonial," from Halifax to Vancouver, the great highway to
India, China and Japan, and the yearly increase of traffic and extension
in every direction, proves that under the management of Sir William
Van Home and his able assistants, the C.P.R. will continue to be one of
the brightest and best jewels in Canada's escutcheon.

The origin of the C. P. R. was this, many complaints had been made
by the merchants of Montreal, that tliey could not get their goods push-
ed on to the sea board and iu December 1H73, they were unusually severe

IIINTOUY OK MONTUKAL

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106

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

wliifli restilteil in a f'onniil correHpoiKU'iice and protests aud counter
))rote.stH betweuii the Stpiiiusliips Coiiipiiny (Allan's) the Railway
CoMi|)atiy and the Corn P'xcJiBnjfc. Xo hvss than over a million bushels
of graui anil nearly l»0,On(l barrels v\' Hour were stored in Montreal Tor
export. The tliird protest can be sumnierixed in this, ** trains were
roiiiiiK over the Victoria Mridtrt>, lilied with I'nited States i)roducts, and
Canadian sliippei's could not K'ct cars to cairy away their produce for
shipment."

While niattei's stood in this prcdiciinient a railway called the
" Xoithern Colonization" from Montreal to Ottawa, the eapit;)!, was
strenuously and actively advocated, iucludiuK a brancli line of about 14
miles to St. .Terome. As far back as I.S(18, this rccid had been piojected
by " leather Labelle " the patriotic cur»- of that \'illaKe. His idea w »s to
Iiave a wooden Railway (like the old joliette one) to open up tlic line
c(Mintry, nortli of St. .leroiue.

Sir IIukIi Allan took it up and Ottawa became the objective point.
It resulted in a million of dollars being subscribed by the City of .Moiii-
real towards this object. After some time, the railway assiiaud ihe
namti uf the "Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental " or as it was
then known by the Initials Q., M., O, >N; O. H. The writer, with Katlier
I.abt'lle, did good work in brinpiuK the terminus into Montreal. He was
tluMi Rector of Iloch' lapa and the end of the I.ine was to be in his
))iiri^li, and when entrance within the city was secured, a voteof thanks
from the Contractors was all he ever received, save the satisfaction of
dniiiK sometliing ior the east of Montreal. Finally, the new line, the (J,
1*. U. absorbed all these lines, and now has a continuous connection from
Quebec and Montreal to Ottawa, whence as we all know, it steams west
till it lands its jjassengers in Vancouver, on the sliores of the blue
Pacific

Sir Hugh Allan was tlie first President of the road, and it has had
some notable men since. Lord Strathcona being one. The jiresent incum-
bent of the oflice. Sir William Van Home, ably sustains the character of
liis predecessor, and under the V^ice-Presidency of T. (i. Shaugnessy .
Esqr., and his able management, the C. P. R. is developing north, south,
east and west over all the br ad Dominion. It is, indeed, the Queen's
highway to India. Long may it be so, as a means of uniting tlie east
with tlie west, and binding tlie vast jioosessions of Her .Majesty more
firmly in one grand bond of brotherhood and love. Yet above all shall
Hoat our country's flag, for Canada is still and ever will be, "The
brightest gem in Britain's diadem."

Montreal possesses very few iniblic monuments throughout tlie city.
The Queen's, Vitoria Square, and at tlie Donalda College, Sherbrooke
Street, Sir John A. McDonald's in Dominion Square, Maisouueuve's in

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

had

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Ith,

ire
[all
the

Place d'Arrnes Square, Chenier's in Vit?er Square, and Nelson's on Jacques
Cartier S(|uare, are about all that a viyitur sees on his peri^rinations
round the city.

Some of our departed citizens who have done so much fur Montreal
should have public monuments. Look wliat Sir Huph Allan di;! in the
shippini; business of tiiiscit_\ — what Hon. John Vouuk did for the develop-
ment of Montreal. What Hon. .lames McGill did in its educational Khu-y
How Sir George Cartier and Sir Louis Lafontaine both distinguished its
legal ranks, not to speak of tlie two yet living men, i-aised higli as miiu-
bers of the House of Lords, by their munificent gifts to Canada at large
and Montreal in particuhir.

Plenty of simce ix found in all the principal squares to erect such
monuments.

A new Hotel has been opened at the foot of Windsor Street and
corner of St. James, The Queen's Hotel. Another opposite the C. P. 11,
Depot, is most convenient to strangers arriving at that depot, as the
Queen's is to tlie travelling public when they arrive at tlie Honaventure
Station of the G. T. U.

St. Jude's Church is one of tlie modern Cliurclies of Montreal. The
present Rector has been in charge of tlie Church and I'arish since ISTii
and after twenty two years of faithfnl work he has tlie satisfaction of
seing now over five hundred families in connection with St Judes. The
Church is lighted by Electricity and recently has had built' in it one of
tlie finest organs in Montreal.

Tlie poi)le in the vicinity (even those who do not , belong to St.
Jude'." are all interested in St. Jude's as is seen whenever any social or
Literay gathering takes place, when all denominations are represented in
the audience. As a public man we wish Revd Canon Dixon long prosp-
erity in his labors and clerical life.

|ty.

]ke

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

ST. JUDE'S OHUROH,

HISTORY£OP MONTREAL.

Mc0tmount, formerly caUc^ Cote St. Hntoine.

Westrcount is'one of the most flourishing suburbs of Montreal.
Here everything is conducted rh the citizens fondly think, on the most
progressive style, a close municipality it is, wliere no heavy vehicles
dare go over certain avenues, (for all the streets an* avenues,) no cycling
without bells, no intoxicating drink allowed in the city, consequently
no hotels or saloons. Well, I presume that in many of the private
houses, tlie Lords of Creation, order their Wine and Beer from Montreal
and Prohibition is not yet dominant in Westmount, nevertheless, it is a
good sign when saloons are stopped, and it won. 1 be much better for
Montreal, if five iiundred less, were in it, and stopped too.

Westmount must, like all other cities and suburban corporations,
come into the city in the near future. It cant live without tlie city. I
presume that 7-lOths of its population draw all their income from Mont-
real, and when the battle comes, the great city can then pass by-laws so
regulating tliose, living out of its limits, that necessity will compel them
all to join into one organization. Of course it is a fine thing to be Mayor or
Councillor of one of these adjuncts to Montreal, but it is also an expen-
sive thing for Montreal, say at fires, to send out her Brigade, to extin-
guish what is not within her borders, and the same with drains, water
and many other arrangements, so that in the future, not only these out-
lying municipalities but the wnole island will become "The City of Mont-
real." As much opposition was raised to the idea of the uniting New
York, Brooklyn and other towns adjacent, but it is now an accomplished
fact, and so it will be in the near future with Montreal.

There are some fine residences in Westmount and a fine school, of
which the citizens may well be proud. To the west of it is one of the
most benevolent institutions on the island, " The McKay Institute for
the Deaf and Dumb." It has for years been doing a good work, and has
been a blessing to the country. Not far from it is the well known Con-
vent of Villa Marie, of old called Monklands, the residence of the Governor
General until the fanatical burning of the Parliament House in 1849.
The large Convent was burned some years ago, but is again in a flourish-
ing state. A fine picture of it is given at page 39 of this volume, and an
interesting sketch at page 99.

Over Cote des Neiges Hill we come to the Roman Catholic Cemetery,
which must be visited to be entirely described, and passing it we enter
the thriving village of the same name.

A beautiful view can be obtained when driving, on a summer's day
down the Cote St. Antoine road, of Montreal West, the Canal, Victoria
Bridge and all the landscape for miles around, but nothing like that from
the top of the Mountain, which gives a far more extended vision.

200

HISTORV OP MONTRBAL

Sbcrbrooke Screet.

Sberbrooke Street has always been the aristocratic street of Mont-
real. It Avas named after one of the Governors of Canada. It extends
at |)resent from Papiueaii Road in the east to the western limits of the
city and outlying municipalities. Although it is sucli a " tony " street, yet
it is one of the worst in the city as regards pavement — the old fashioned
" .M c Adam " still being the material us id in keeping it in order. Some
day in the near future, under the new regime, it may be as well asphalted
as St. Catherine and Dorchester Streoc West.

There are no manufactures on this street. It is devoted to fine (some
of them magnificent) private dwellings and centres of Art and Educa-
tion. It is remarkable that at the far east and at the far west, the
street is fas it were) embraced by two great Roman Catholic seats of
learning, the Jacques Cartier Normal School and the Montreal College
(S«>minary). In its centre part the Mount St. Louis College, the Donalda
College and McGill University and other buildings, inviting all shades,
all elas^ses, male and female, to enter their halls in pursuit of knowledge.
Allied with the latter two, other colleges stand alongside of McGill, the
Presbyterian and Congregational, and not far distant the Diocesan Col-
lege, HO that on the whola Ave must come to the foot of the Royal Mount
to get our higher education, demonstrating there is no roijid laaO to learn-
ing but hard study and severe application.

About where McGill College Avenue is situated and all along that
part, anciently stood the old village of Hochelaga in the days of Jacques
Cartier, and in the excavations for buildings some years ago, pieces of
pottery. Hint arms, and even bones were tlirown ixp and eagerly pounced
upon by antiquarians and others, as relics of that olden time.

The Jacques Cartier Normal School, is too well known, to need any
pen of mine, to elucidate its capabilities and usefulness. Even in the
days when it was located in the Chateau Ramzay, it was doing good
work. This has increased a thousand fold at the present time and the
City may be proud of both its Normal Schools, for the Jacques Cartier
and Belmont Normal Schools, are sending forth capable men and
women, to do the greatest of all national work, " teaching the young."
lioth institutions are superintended by two well known educationists.
Rev. Abbe Verreau and Dr. Robins, men eminently fitted for their
position, and the hope of everyone wishing well for this country is, that
both may be long spared to hold the reins of these two institutions, and
in the future do for the country what they have done before.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

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HISTORY OP MONTREAL

An in»i)ortant luHtitntion of rieHrninK. coiiich next, Tlio !S[oiiiit St,
Loui.s College. TluHfstabli.Hlimeut is botli, a boanliiiK sclio;)! mid a day
Rchool. Perfect orilor prt'vailH within it, aw ♦^lie ditYcrentdepai'tinuntH are
all under military disvipliiio. Indeed the Cadets of Mount St. Lotun
College could bo depended on, in anemergont'y, for doing as good military
work as some of the older corps of the city, and they had tiie honor of
carrying off The Duke of 'Jonnaught's Hag, for best drill, more than
once.

The Christian Brother', wlio teach here and in so many different
places in Montreal and the Province, have done a good work for the
education of the young, and all praisM is due to them, for the splendid
ediHce they have erected on Sherbrooke street.

A great Religious Institution stands in this street, near St. Lawrence
Main. The convent of the "(jlood Sheplicrd." This is both, a cloistered
as well as a public Institution. Connected with it, the Nuns have the
sole management of the female Prison (' atholic side) Kullum street, and
in the experience of the writer (over twenty years) they have faithfully
done their duty in that Prison To this may be added that they have
a Reformatory for girls in their house on Sherbrooke street, and that
much good accrues from this department.

After crossing St, Lawrence Main, on tiio nortli side, is a new Hospi-
tal or Home for Incurables, (-allcil the "St. Margaret's Home." Tills
was entirely the gift of Honorable .Senator Druminond. We all remember
during the small Pox Epidemic, the work which was done by the
sisters then and which WAS publicly acknowledged by the city Coun-
cil.

I cannot pass along the next part of Sherbrooke street without
thinking of the days when on its south side, at this part, there was a
well known Institution, ' Gilbeau's Gardens.' This was a fine Zoological
and Gymnastic Instition, patronized by thousands of citizens. In it was
a good display of the Animal Kiiigdom Beasts, Birds and Reptiles. I can
well remember the fuss and excitement when the fir.^t and only "Lordly
Lion " was born in Montreal. Even a week or two old, the forest king
had a rough tongue and it was a treat to hold him in ones arms and
then be able to say *' I lield a real Lion once." It grew to be a magnifi-
cent specimen of the leonine race and afterwards was exhibited in the
city with the circus of tlie world wide showman " Barnum ' tlien it was
a noble specimen and tliose like myself who gazed on him and he had
fondly laid in our arms always thought " descretion was the better part
of valor." Why have not the citizens of Montreal, the pluck to institute a
Zoo which would be an lionor to our metropolitical city ? Pictures and
statues of the animal kingdom, give but a faint idea of the reality, I
know when, in London I spent a whole day in the Zoo as well as that of

HISTORY OF MONTRRAL.

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HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

Kdinbui'Kli t'tc, lookiiiK on t'u "womlori'iil works of (tod" in llix iiiiiiiml
Ci-L'Htiuii, uikI iiolliinK <'(iu(*ates a cliild iiioi-t! tliriii ol)si*t'viii>; iIim iictiial
liviii)< HpeeiiiuMi of v\li;it li>< litis s(h-ii in jiis k'ssoii Ixtok, oi- liftuil
(lesfriliixl thoro. Tin; <\vi» is us ^r^iit an oiliicitor ;is any ol' ilic oiIh-i
sousoH. 'rlir only attonipt to hIiow a I'mv aniniaN is at I ho Soluncr I'.ii k.
Lut Hoiiiu of our \V(3altliy <:ili/)>ns, tiiUit up tlin ruattur and in a \\i\\
years Mouti'ual niik'lit Imvo a "/ooloj^ii-al OardiMi" worthy of its posi ion
in tliu Dominion of Canada.

Till) next imi)ortinl l)iiil linj; wo com j to is the now I) )iiald i ('o1I('K>'
for the lii>;lior imIiic ition of woiumi, foiiiided and iMidowoi by that
KenerouM citi/uii, L )rd Stratlicona and Mount ll'jyal. It will do ii.s
gootl work In tlio comiiiK yearH.

Tlio MontiH'al Diocosaii Tln'olo^ical Colloffe was fonndud
in the year \^''U by Ht. lU'Vil. Ashton Oxunilfn, D.I)., tJKMi lllslioii of
Montreal and .Mtstrop )litan of (Janada. The step was fort^cd upon Mis|i()p
Uxendt'n. l)y the rajiid K'owth of the < hnrch in the Dioct'sc, and (lie
impossibility of securing in any other way a satisfactory sup])ly of fleijjry
to meet the increasiuK needs of his Diocese.

The work of (he ( ollc^re be^an in the Fjibrary of the Synod Hall, and
was carried on there for eij,' ( years, when a more suitable bMildiiif? was
provided by tlit; nmniliicnee of A. K. (iault, Esti., who purchased the
proi>erty, ^l'(S Dorchester street, now occupied by the Voiidk NNOmciiH
Christian Association, ata cost of !j>J:]. 0(111, and presented it to the College
in trust.

There the work was ci»ntinued under miwdi more fa\'oraljle condit-
ions, as a permanent home was )irovided for both Principal and Students.
Additional funds were raised which secured the appointment of a
resident Tutor, to assist the Principal and provide remuneration f r
dilYerent clergy of the city who lectured rej^ularly in the College.
AmoUK the lirst lecturers were lit. Revd, l<]. Sullivan, I). I)., formerly
lii.shop of Al^oma, and now Rector of St. James ( atliedral, Toronto ; lit.
Revd. .Maurice S. Maldwin, I'.D., Hishoj) of Huron :and Rt. ReviL .J. I'.Du-
moulin, Ri.shop of Niagara.

While its internal Kr<iwlh was thus sati.sfactory. the position of the
College as a Church institution was more clearly delined, and its relations
with'the educational \* orld were extended. In 1879,an act of incorporation
was obtained from the Legislature of tiuebec, and in IHHO it was aJliliated
to the I'niversity of McCill.

Tlie advantages td' alliliation with a great institution of continental
reputation such as MctJili I'niversity are obvious. In the lirst jjlace, the
Diocesan College is able to devote practically its whole income to strictly
theological work, thus assuring the efliciency and thorougliness of the
course. Secondly, the immense resources and the high educational

niHTOUY OF MONTRKAL.

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IIIMTOUViOK Mi)NTI?K.\li,

HISTORY OP MONTZEAL.

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HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

NtniiiliirtI of II I'liivurMity nucIi am M<-(iill, nITord tlitM>l<)Ki<'nl NttidftntH A
lihfi-iil (>*lui'iiti(Mi tliiil could liiii-tlly ho IooKimI for iiiidor otliur I'iiTtiiu-
MtnneuM. In thu third placn, tliu hrondunliiK iDlltiuiu-o of lifo in ho lai'Re h
iiiiivHi'Hity world, nnd roiitnct with nioti of Hiirli \vi<lf>ly difTtn'uut vieWH
itiid /liiiiH niid piii-HiiitH is of iiioHtiiiuiblo (idvaiitiiKe to overy Htiidont, Hiid
to noun nior«t thiin to th«J Htudcnt of tlivolo^y. AHiliation nlno ^iveH the
ColleffM r'jpreHuntHtion on tho Corponition of Mctiill, and consuquontly a
voifii and inllunnci) in I'nlvtirHity RlTiiirH, In 1K1)5, o\vin\< to the inereaH-
in^ inthirnco and nt'fds of thu CoIIuku, Mr. A. F. (iault i»nnonnc(>d his
int(>ntion of prv^ontin^ a nion* Nuitahlu building and of adding to the
en 'ownient of the CoIIwk*'- Tlie "Holland" properly on University street
u-iis|Mirchased for that purpose, and a very hands i-nu and c >uimodiou^
liuildin^' I't^rted. i'lu* huildinKi which is in tlie c'lI'oKiatc ^otlii ntylu*
iui ludcs a scMii-detaclit'd residence for the Princij^il, a cliapel with a
NeatiuK capacity for Mfty ntudcnts, a convocation ha!', capable of iioldiuic
r>Oi) persons, coiuinodious lecture rooms, diuin(( room, libniry, and
accommodation for aliout in reHident Ntudents. 'I he wholt^ was aUo
Itirnishcd maKuiilccutly by tlie Mivme generuuH donor and tli-J sum of
)i(ri(',()ii added to the endowment.

The l)uil<linKH ami additional en !owment were formally liandetl over
to the Misliop of thu hiouese on the occasion of tlie opcniiiK of the
ColIeK*', on Octobur .Mst, IHIXI, in th'J presence of Ills (Jrace the IVimate
of all Canada, and a number of other bishops, clergy and visitors, and
Kiven in perpuluity without conditions of any kind in trust to the
Mishop of Montreal and his successors.

We now come to the I'liiversity of which Montroalers are proiui
"Old v,.(iiii" yet it is in infancy in comparision even with some of the
American CoIIckcs who can boa t their century, nevertheless M<'(iill has
male it.s mark on this Continent and it is rare that we do not find a Kra-
dilate in our peri^niimtions throughout the Dominion and Tnited
States.

Founded by Hon. James McGill, with liberal gifts of money anil land
it was originally intended as a Church of England Institution, but drif-
ted in the yearv, long ago, to be a cosmopolitan unsectarian. Alma Mater
where men of all creecisand cliraes can now enjoy a Cniversity education
".secundus nulli" to any on the Continent and whose doors are ever open
to every clasp and every nationality.

Alongside of it are two other Institutions, but both denominational.
The Morrice Hall of the i'resbyterian college will ever recall the generous
gift of its founder "David Morrice."

Above all is the splendid Reservoir which supplies the city with
water and near to it is the old .McTavish House. A history of this House
from the pen of that well known Antiquarian P. S. Murphy Esq., and
wlio figures so often in this "History of the Streets of Montreal" will be

HISTORY OF MONTTIFAL

THE HKHKHVOIK.

210

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

pemsed with interest liyevory rouli r of this luHik. It has loii^ hoen styltMl
"The Ilaunti'il Honso." Hehiml it is ii .^hlllluuent whioh was erected to
this old "Nor Westiu'." As the foUowiiiK interestinf? "^kctt'li was heard
but by a few Moiibers of the Aiitiiiuarian Society, its publication here,
will multiply its iiit<.'rest.

TllK M(T.V\ iSil ()|{ IIAIA TI«:i) llOl'sK.

Ill eoiuiuon with other settlements founded on this (.Continent by tlie
four preat civili/inK nations of the Old World, the I'lng'lish, the French,
the Hutch and the Spanisli, Montreal h.is 1 er legends, lu-r ^''^'atness.

Boston has the I'uritans and tlieir ({uainf liistory ; Ni'W ^(lrk revels in
the tales of old Knickerbocker days ; New Orleans becomes interestinjf
thfou^h tiie Kiencii occupation; i'Moida bears witness to the day of
Spanisli possession ; Quebec K)oks back with pride to the part slie
played in the earlier development of the country, an i a-; it is wi li all
these, so it is with Montreal and her memories of the lira ve men and
true, who, lonp years ago resided w ithin her boundaries whence they
carried on tliat jjrf«iit commercial warfare which opened up that vast
expanse of territory to the West, the Canada of tlie future. Wortliy
successors were thoy of Lasalie. Champlain ami ll)i'rville. the latter who
bore the banner of Franc^e Irom Hudson Hay to New Orleans. They
were great men, these pioneers of t'fe olden d lys Men not of words, but
of deeds, whoso impress will be seen for all time to come on the pages of
the history of our countjy, There are strange stories of their live
e-vtant t )-day. anil the story of Simon McTavish and tiie house that he
built, long one of the iand-m:vrks of Montreal, is not tlie last interest-
ing.

Thirty odd years ago there stood under the brow of Mount floyal a
huge mansion, weatherbeateii, unfinished, tenantless. It had been there
8'nce the memoiy of the oldest inhabitant, yet never had it changed its
appearance, except as years went on. it grew more venerable. Three
generations had known it under similar comiitions. standing there,
tenantless, uncompleted, a relic of the ambitions of by-gone days. Time
had changed its surroundings, gathered round it anew generation of men
and things, but still the old house reared by the liand of man, for the
occupation of man, remained vacant, save for the cattle that took refuge
in it from the scorcliing t ays of the summer's sun, and tiie birds wiio
built tlieir nests among its beams, while, finally, after many, many years
of exposure to the pelting rains of summer and the drifting snows,
the hand of man again seized upon it, in the groat p-arcli of improvement,
and levelled it to the ground.

HIbTORY OF MONTREAL.

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HISTORY OP MONTREAL,

Althouffh the house of Mc'I'avish came down bfifore it had ever been
occupied, it did not want for oceupimts. l^iiblic superstition gave it a
tenant, if not in the flesh in the spirit. People who passed it after
dark swore afterwards that they had seen the ghost of Simon McTavish
wandering through it. Desertrdas it was, it was easy for a weird name
to attach itself to it, and so for years tlie Mc'l'avish house was known as
the "Haunted House".

Many attempts have been made to c.\|>lain the origin of the ghost
story. The most probable is that told to the writer's father in 1832, by
a farmer named McMartin, wlio tlien oi-cupied and farmed the McTavish
property around the deserted building, and who said that while the
moon was in its particular phase it shone on an angle of the tin roof
causing a bright ray of light, wliich the superstitious called McTavish's
spirit.

The Simon MeTavisji mentioned above as the builder of the
McTavish house whs in his day. one of the leading citizens of Montreal.
He was engaged in the fur trade, then the principal business of the
country. The North West Company was formed 17r<3 by a Benjamin
an 1 Joseph ["'robisher, in which Simon McTavisli and several other
gentlemen were partners. On retiring from the North West Company,
Simon McTavish married a Melle Chaboillez, a member of one of the
most distinguislied French fn»uilies of the city and a family particularly
noted for the beauty of its iwdies. Melle Chaboillez was a sister of tlie
then Cure of Longueuii, a noted scholar of those days. One of the
sisters married a Mr. Samuel Sherwood, of Toronto, a barrister; and a
third the late Hon. Roderic McKenzie, of Teirebonne, one of whose
grand daughters was the wife of the Hon. lioderic Masson, late Lieute-
nant Governor of Quebce. In li^l^^ through the influence of his wife's
family Mr. Sherwood was elected to the house of Assembly for Lower
Canada, representing tlie then county of Effingham, at present known as
Terrebonne, It is said that during the winter moutlis, Mr. McTavish
city residence was Nos. -2{i, 25, and 27 St. Jean Baptiste Street, while
during the summer months he occupied a stone cottage a few hundred
yards west of his new house, tliis cottage was afterwards ocupied by
McMartin the farmer above mentioned. It was at this cottage he died
in July 1804. At that time it was thought such a long distance between
the McTavish House and the city that a lunch was laid on tables in
front of the house for those Avho came to attend the funeral. Mr.
McTavish was buried in a vault situated a little to the west of
"Ravenscraig". The mausoleum and shaft erected over his place of
burial are atill to be seen. He left four children. His fortune at the
time of his death was estimated at £K^6,000 sterling, an immense sum in

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

218

Ir.
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214

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

tlioso days. Tt will ho of interest to noto tliiit in tim year 1801) Mr.
Mc'I vIhIi bouKlit tlie Sei^nior.N (»f i'orreljoiiiu> for tlio sum of Ci'i, '11)11
Hterlinfj, and liis brothfM-in-la\v anil Hssociate. the Hon. liodciic M«'K(!n/,io,
lived theru. At tlie tinio of iiis di-Jitli Llie McTavish lionsn was in
course of construction. Work was at onco disconlinucd tlif wind-
ows of the secon«l and third ntorios briclxod up, and its .stran^t! <'areer
boKan.

Tlie J^fc'I'avisli liouso w.is more tlian a protentious dwelling for a
gentleman of tliosc days, it stood l)et ween I'eel and McTavish Streets
the greater part of theliouse being tlie grounds of the present residt^nco
of Mr. Andrew Allan. I'iio iionso with one senii-circular tower at each
end had a frontage of about l-''5 feet. Tiie roof of liu> main l)uilding was
constructed on the old fasliioned "high" |)rincipl»>, draining from tlie
ridge-pole to all I'onr aides. Those of the two towers wore conical in
sha))e, all being covered with tin. The main building was tliree
stories high, tlie rezd»>-cliaussee or ground floor being some twelve feet
in lieight, the intention lieiiu, eviilently to have it occnjiled by tlie kit-
chen, servants rooms etc., the same as we see In many of the houses
built in France. Tlie towers coming up above half-way between the
second and third row of w iiidows.

The material employed in this coiistruction was dressed limestone.
The interior -: f the house was never complettnl, only the floor beams
placed in ])osition. Tiiere are many reports concerning Mr. McTavish's
death, but as a matter of history, he took cold in the month of .Mareli
or A|n'il while superintending the construction of his house, wliich
turning to inflamation, brought his career to an eiul in July liS{)l. The
particulars concerning the death and funeral of Mr. McTavish were
given to the writer, by a lady who \\ as residing as a guest at tlie Mc-
Tavish cottage at tlie time of its owner's deatii. Hy his death Montreal
of that day lost one of lier foremost citizens. A man whose enterprise
was responsible ilirectly and indirectly lor much of her prosperity, and
whose business integrity was known to be above reproach. His death
was regretted by all who had known him in his life and who were
comi)elled to admire his manly character. Tlu- old house is gone, but its
story will live for years to come.

P.S. — Since writing the foregoing I liave been lent a book entitled
"A Tour to Niagara Falls", written in 18()C) by a Boston gentleman, Mr.
Timothy Jiigeiow, who had visited tlie McTavish house, and 1 give
below an extract wliich corroborates the above: — "Towards evening wo
took caleches and drove out to the mountain, we passed by tlie new
house of the late Mr. Mclavish, which he has left unfinished, and we
visited his tomb, which is situated behind the house in a thick wood on
the mountain side. The situation is the most romantic that can well be

HISTORY OF MONTREAL,

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Ex-mayor k. wilson smiths residence,

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HISTORY OP MONTREAL,

A. F. UAL LT'S RESIDENCE;.

ftlSTOllY Of MONTllRAt,

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HISTORY OF MONTREAf.

WOLFKHSTAN THOMAS' RH:SII)ENCE.

lUSTOnY OP montrkal.

219

Ite

flTHTOnV OF MONTRRAL,

LOKU STRATIICONA'S UKSIDENCE.

IIISTOItY OF MONTIIKAL

221

W. W. OGILVIE'H UKSIDKNCE.

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UIHTOUY OF MONTltBAL.

■■B

JAMKS LINTON'S KKSIDENCK.

IIINTOUV OK MONTUKAL

liiiiiKiiHHl, liuliiml I lit) loiiili rises h lofty |»r»)fi|>ii'i! of |Mii-|>«'niliciilitt-
rtH'kM, <iii«> of whifli foniiN a (iMtacliuti roliiiuti uiiti st*uiiH uh if iiit«iiKl«>t| liy
Natiirt* for u id )iiiiiu(M>t. I'licHtt rockn ai'«> r(iiii|MiHi>i| of n'^iilni' striitii, the
upp«>rinoHt of wliicli ail) of liinchtlono Tlwy ai'i> pnrt iil' a lrtltx«( or
|ir(n-ipifi> wliii h uxtiMiils ipiitit roiiiitl tli«) mouiiliuii imuI lias tlm appoar-
auce of liuviiiK I>*hmi worn by water '1 lii»« 1h to li» nccotintttii for by
NiipposiiiK that most of tlio 'slaiid of .Montrraj, ami of coiii'sc of tliu
til , roiiiidiiiK coiiiitry, woif oii«m« covitciI to this lii<i(<lit by the riv«<r,
W'lii»"li has niiifo forced a passin' • tliroiiKli tlio rork at tiiH'lji-c. and
Ix'twuuii that places and tliiH, ho as to leavo bare thu extenxivu plains tlint
now border npon It, nil of whii'li Ix-ar tliu marks of having bm'ii foriiunl
by watt'r, I ho rivor from tho inoiintaiii si(ln is excet'din^dy pictiirt*s(|uo
and Ki'iixl- Kt'om thu place wliuro you stand, niimei-oiis and well
(•iilttvatt>d Molds extend t«) the city, all of wlii<'h witli its snimrlis in
directly under your eye; . Down the river for tliiity mIIi-s oi- more,
yon see th»f watei Mkirtad with rich Ileitis in which are thickly
Mcattered churches, and windmills almost eonstiMilly in motion, dwcllintf
houses and various otlutr buildiiiKs. The llelds ar«t bounded by dark
woods which terminate the view, »)xcept Upwards the south east wliuro
the Kfut)» mountains of Vermont lift their tops to the clouds.

Mr. .\IcTa\ ish is much reKn.'tted liy the >?eiiLlemi!U ol' .Moutn-al, \\ ho
speak of him as having been a thoroiiKli merchiint, an accoinplisiied,
hospitable munillcunt lUiu, in short an orn<iini)nt ti> so(!lu y. lie died
July <Uh. 1S()I, leaviui; an est ito of ouo hmilr,) I in 1 twenty thousand
pounds sterliiiK to bo inherited by four i-hildrsn."

This is the testimony of a man who met and conversed with men
who had been close friends of .\! r. Me lavish.

Many beautiful private residences are in this street, and indeed also
in some of the intersecting streets. .Vs illustrating Sherbrooke, I liavo
Kreat pleasure in inserting tine views of th«) I'ollowinj? Houses. Ex-Mayor
Wilson Smith's, Hon. Senator Drnmmon<rH, A. R Ciaidt's, Wolferstan
Thomas's, .1 IJaxter's, and several others with Lord Strathcona's.

In the East end there are also some fine residences, notably that of
our ju'esent Mayor 1 18Ui| Raymond J'refontaine Ksij. MP. before whose
door will stand the Civic Lamps, whicli have not been in (uu- east end for
several years past. And wo only hope as they illuminate the entrance
of his Honor's House so will they stand as a beacon that our own Kf'uid
city will shine conspiciously to all the Dominiun, as its j^uidiuK star and
" umbilicus " " The Hub " of Canada in every department that can extend
its influence and strengtli.

ipwi

224

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

:■;' V

A very lar^^e venture ou tho plan of siu'li reHidences in New Vork
and elsewhere is found in tlie west of this street. It is an iiuposinf;
structure, called after the street, " The Slierbrooke "' and some of our
most prominent citizens, prefer living there than having the trouble of
domestics etc. in keeping private rosidences. Roswell Fisher Esqr, is to
be commended for his attempt (quite successful) to iiLiugia-ato sucli a
svstem of living in Montreal and we wish all success to him. He is the
elder Brother of the well known family, that of Dr. Fisher, wliose son
Hon. Sydney has attained to the high distinction of. at the present, being
one of the Privy (.'ouncillors of the Uomimon of Canada and who, as Min-
ister of Agriculture, has done more in the interest of Farms and Dairy-
men and Settlers, than any man since Confederation. This sliows the
importance of importing young men, witli present ideas into the
Government. Old man are apt, like myself, to think that the ways of
old were and are the only true *• via< glorifo " but tiio world is progressing
fast and new ideas and wonderful inventions follow, one after the otiier
in snch quick succession, that "Old )nen " must give way to tliis advance
yet ever in ones mind conies tlie cwhuinating History of Rehoboani son
and successor to the great Solomon, that he despised the advice and
admonitions of hisold courtiers and followed tliat of tlie younger men and
revolution and disaster and (li-iinemberiui'nt of his Kingdom, soon after-
wards followed. Still, as one who has well nigh had hall' a century's
experience in tiie Province of Quebec and who has been a keen observer
of the signs of the times, I must here write. The World's ideas change
and mighty changes are on the tapis. The youth and young men of
to-day, have the destinies of our fair Dominion in tlieir hands. Let
them, like the Hon. Sydney Fisher, throw all tlieir energies into develop-
ing this mighty Land and Avhen the close of the 20tlx century shall
come, Canada will then be a great and mighty nation, one of the fore-
most on the Eartli.

We now come to the great collection of HuiUliiigs which compose
the Montreal College of the '^eminary. Standing in bold relief to all
are the Towers, the first building erected here, not long after the set-
tlement of Montreal. Botli a picture and the the beautiful verses of the
late talented Mrs. Leprohon are given and above all the following unique
paper from the facile pen of P. S. Murphy Esq. on the Towers. It is in
French but every one can easily read it or translate it in English. The
whole description tells us every thing required about the old Fort and
Towers and all its appendages but especially where the saintly Soeur
Bourgeoys taught the Indian girls in one of the Towers. The two
epitaphs are peculiarly interesting to the Antiquarian and Canadian
Historian.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

225

l_rtij.j«j.jfti_j«i_tSi_£^i..

fompose
to all,
le set-
Is of the
unique
It is in
The
't and
Soeur
two
ladian

THE TOWERS.

5v~^' "*"

-Cirt^T-j-^

226

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

By Mrs. Leprohon

On the eastern slope of Mount KoyHl's side,
In view of St. Lawrence' silvery tide ;
Are two stone towers of Masonry rude,
With massive doors of time— darkened wood,
Traces of loojt holes still show in the walls.
While sol'tlv across them the sunlight falls.
Around, stretch broad meadows, cjuiut and green
Where cattle graze— a fair tranquil scene.

These old towers tell of a time long past,

When the Hedman roamed o'er these regions vast.

And the settlers- men of bold heart and brow

Had to use the sword as well as the plougli ;

When women, no lovelier now than then,

Had to do the deeds of undaunted men,

And had higher aims for each true warm heart

Than study of fashicn's or toilet's art.

It was in tliose towers — tlie southern one,

Sister Margaret IJourgeoys, that sainted Nun,

Sat patiently teaching day after day,

How to find .lesus, — 1 he Blessed way.

Mid the daughters swartii of the forest dell,

Who first from her. of a God, heard tell,

And learned the virtues tliat woman should grace,

Whatever might be her rank or her race.

Here too, in the chapel tower buried deep,
An Indian Brave and his grandchild sleep,
True model of womanly virtues — slie.
Acquired at Margaret Bourgeoys' knee;

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

227

He, won unto Christ from his own dark creed,
Prom trammels fierce of iiis cliildhood freed.
Low Immljled liis sava>?e Huron pride.
And amid tiie pale-faces lived and died.

With each added year, grows our city fair ;
Churches rich, lofty and «i)aciou8 square,
Villas and mansions of stately pride,
Embelllsii it now on every side ;
Buildings, old land marks, vanish each day,
For stately successors, too quick make way ;
IhU ve pray from change time may lorxj leavr^Jree
The ancient Towkrh of Villk Marik I "

^fe

Ce fort a ote appele ainsi pour le distinguer de I'enceinte palissadoe
qui lui <jtait contingue et que Ton designait sous le nora de Fort den Sauvages.
Comiue ils faisaient jiartie, tons deux, du mCMne ouvrage de defense, on
les volt mentionnes sous la denomination commune de Fort tie In Mon-
tagne. ; .

Le Eoit des Mcssiers fut construit en 1604 par I'abbe Francois Vachon
de Belmont, protre de Saint-Sulpice, et ti ses propres frais.

II se composait; lo de quatre courtiues, ou murs en pierre garni' ? de
meurtrieres et flanqu6es d'une tourelle a chaqueangle: 2o, du fort projjre-
ment dit, ou chi\teau, place au centre et qui servait de residence aux
missionnaires; 3o de lachapelle qui s'elcvait en face du chAteau, le chevet
adosBc an milieu de la courline entre les deux tourelles.

La chapellea 6tt' d^molie en 1796, et uae porte cochere a eto perctie
dans la courtine.

En ll'^o, le chateau fut exhausse d'un «tage, mais on lui conserva son
aspect priraitif . En 1854, il a ^t6 remplac6 par le vaste edifice qui renferme
le coll(ige et le grand seminaire. Lea deux tourelles situees en arricre, au
pied de la mont»gue, ont 6te demolies en meme temps.

De tout le fort des Messieurs, 11 ne reste plus que les deux tourelles et
1a muraille qui les relie. Elles ont dons deux cents ans d'existance et se
trouvent, aprfes leS6minaire de Montreal, les plus anciennes constructions
de la ville,

228

11 1 STORY OF MONTREAL.

DaiH la lourelle (!»• Tuiit'st se tennit I't'coln divs |)tititeH lilies HauvaKe«.
etdana celle do Test n'sidaient les Stcuis dc hi t onKifKi'tioii charpi'-en de
reiisei^nomuut.

Eii 1H24, la dorniire I'ut trausfonut'e en cliapd'e ; dt'jil, en 1700, on y
avait traiisportr Ins rt'stt's" pu'iisomeiit receillis, di' doux cufants de le
fon't, raieiil et la petitu lilU'. Lo preniiiT avait (■iC c' ri'ticn aussi I'ervont
qu'lntrtpidc Kuei-rier . la secoiido avait ou li> bonlieur, bier, rare pour les
flUes de sa nation, d't";tre athuiso dans I'institiit do la Snuc Mour^uoyH.
Les missionnaires, voulant saver k-ins nonis de ruuhli, avaii-iit fait ])oser
des epitaphes sur lunrs toiubt's. J'eii donni- ici la (raiiscriiition, tfllc qu'on
lit sur les murs de In petite eha])ulle.

▲ dreite.

Ici reposeul

les restes mortel.s

tie

Fraik.'Ois Thoronbionoo

Hiu'dn

Jlaptise pat le Rtvorcnd

P6re BreboL'uf

11 flit par sii pi6t6 et par sa probili' rt'xeniple

lies Clitciieris) I't raditiiratioii d^'S iiiliili'leH.

11 uidinui.

Ag6 d'eiiviron cent iin-^,

le 11 Aviil, KM).

et a gauche :

Ici leposi'llt

les re&tes raortels
de

MARII THIKKai: GAN«vIN8A(iroA.

de la
Congregation Notre Uaaie,
Apies avoir exarc6 pendant treize ana Toffice
de luaitresse d'ecolo a la mnutagne, elle
luounit en n^putation de gtande
veitu, ague tie 2(i ans, le
25 November, 160").

(Extrait des manuscrits dn Commandeur Jacgues Vigir ijue M. Vabld
Verrcnu. n en la cnmylakancc de msttre a ma dlsponition.')

P. 8. MURPHY

.V, C.luit.Pub,

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

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HISTORY OF MONTRKAL.

®tbcr streets.

A large number of streets are let't out in this Volume. Many of
them, are of recent origin and their names easily tell one of the oriKin-
ator of tlie street or why so calleil. In Atwater, Aylmer, Beaudry'
lierri, IJertlielet, IJruchesi, Hrunswiek. Cadieux, Champlain, Cotirsol"
Pelisie, De.sery, Dollard, DulTerin, Duroeher, Frontenac, Fnlford, l<\illum'
(iosfoi'd, Hanover, Iberville, Lafontaine, Lo^'an, Lome, Maisonneuve,
MarlhorouKli. Me'lavisji. 3Ietealfe, Moreau, Osborne, Peel, I'refontaine,
Hedpatii, Rivard, Kouville, 1 St. Charles Horoniee, St. J)oniini(|ue, St.
I'amille. St. George, St. Hubert, Stanley, Sussex and N'ietoria.

The above names will at once strike the student of Canadian History
of their origin, and enable him to see tliat in tin- History of his tity,
Governors, (Jenerals, Ecclesiastics, Professional men and Merchants, have
given their names to these stieets.

Let nil' however republish, what I wrote of some of these streets in a
long article sent to one of the pajjers some V' ars ago.

As I said before, there are many sti-eets calh'd after the names of
individuals who iiad long ago jiroperty in them, or wl.ich streets ran
througli their estate, such as Guy street from a notary of that name,
\\ ho ligures in the early 3'ear.s of this century ; (!haboillez Square, from a
Justice of the Peace of that name. The lirst time we lind mention made
of Pierre (Juy as a Justice is on JOth Juius 1787, wlien he authorizes with
James Pinle.\', J, P.. a " i^octor for the Goal." He is then mentioned with
James Mc(iill as one of tlie Justices attlie Court of Quarter Sessions. 12th
January, 1791. At the close of the last century in the last Sessions of the
Peace held October 21st, we again lind the name of Loui'i Chaboillez. —
and tlie last time liis name, on the 10th January, 1800, at the
opening of the Court, the first of the century convened in Montreal, his
name a)»i)ears with those of Alex. Auldjo, Robt. Cruickshanks, and
lames Duidop. Both Guy and Cljaboiile/, were notaries. Aylmer street
is called after Lord Aylmer, mentioned in Canadian history ; Beaudry
street after a person of that name ; ("adieux street after a well-known
notary of 1813; Papineau Road, after J. Papineau ; Berthelet, after a
judge of that name; Coursol, after Judge Coursol, who died not long ago;
Delisle, after a well known citizen who with Willmm Workman open-
ed u]) a great part of the west end of Montreal and lying below St
Antoine hill ; Drolet. from G. Drolet, lately living in Paris ; Dufresne, from

HISTOUY OF MONTREAL.

281

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232

MONTREAL.

Olio of that iinine. The followhif? bImo are called from names of citixeuR,
Hlt'iiiy, DurochtT, Fuliniii, Ijafoiitaiius Lofjaii. Lu!>iKnan, McKay, M('(!ord«
Morciiu, I'aiu't, I'hillips S<iuar»!, Ilichai'dsun, San^uiiiet, Shaw, Shuter,
anil VomiK. Then there are the fonr ApoHties, St. Matiiew, St. Mark, St.
liukc, an«l St. John streets, Then Ave have Albert, Lome, lialmoral,
Prince Artlinr, Hritannia, Hanover, and Victoria, all connected with
Royalty. Anions Kov«?rnors of the country and ^t^nerals wlio have
figured in Canada wo have Ainherht, alter a general (d'that name. Champ-
lain, from otir early navipator, also Jacques Cartier, Dalhousie, famous in
the iiistory of the country, the never to be forgotten De Salaberry,of the
war of lsrj!-l.S, Dorchester, after him who was in Canada at the troubles
of IS37-S ; Krontenac. from a celebrated French Kovernor of Canada, who
built KingMton, whicli whs for a long time called Fort Frontenac, (Josford
from Lord CJosfonl. one of tlie governors, Sherbrooke from Lord Sher-
brooke, Iberville from one of the early Frencii governors of Canada,
Laval Avenue from Hisliop Laval, the first lloman Catholic Bishop of
Quebec, Montcalm and Wolfe, from the two heroic generals who fell on
the Heights of Abraham at Quebec, Murray, from (leneral Murray, who
ligures very nuicli about tlie tim« of the American Independence,
Marlborough fn)iii the great Englisli general of that name, Richmond
rom the Duke of that unnie, GovernorCJeneral of Canada, who was
bitten by a I'abid fox and died of hydrophobia in intense agony and was
buried in Kingston. Stanley from Lord Stanley and Wellington from
tiie imnioital i'uke of that name. Chatham from Lord Chatham. Then
certain localities give names to tlie streetn running in ««• througli them :
University street becaiiJie of McCill College ;( oljege street because the
old College, calieil Montreal College, stood in it before its removal to the
^^'est of the City. Catheihal because near St. James' Cathedral. This
street wes fcnnierly called Cemetery street as it led to the Roman
Catholic C emetery, which is now Dominion Square.

fiTSTOnV OP MONTREAL.

^bc street tablets.

Tho Street Tablets, wliioli have been erected by the MemberH of the
Numisiuatie and Aiiti(iiiariaii Society «>f Montfeal have done a vant
aiuoiiiit of good and liave enabled Visitors to our fair City, juHt to know
the exact position where ho many events occurred i«i the olden times.
The citizens aie under a deep obligation to the Society in general and
to two gentlemen especially, for the work they have done. I hey are
W. I), Lighthall Kscir. Advocate M. A. and deLery McDonnld Ksqr. To
their exertions tlie whole was successfully accomplished. Hut even in
the few years that iiavc elapsed since the Tablets were put up, one or
two have already disapjieared, notably the one at Dalhousie Square,
which was placed on the Kire Station there. This Civic building was
sold (as it stood) by the Corporation to make way for tlie yard of the C.
P. Railway and the tablet lias disappeared. '1 herefore I think in this
History of the Origin of the Streets of Montreal, the insertion of at least
the principal ones will be hailed by every one wlui will possess a copy of
this Book.

Beside, in process of years some of tlie buildings or places where tliese
Tablets are now erected may be burned or destroyed and tliougli a
brocliure has been printed on the Tablets yet these pamphlets soon
disappear and tlierefore in a more enduring form of a bound volume,
placed in public and private Librarlef-, the contents at least of the tablets
will be preserved for a few hundred years to come.

We will take them as they are found in the Old Town and as much
as possible follow the order of !ny preceding llistorj' of tho Streets and
the growth of the City, but Ave must digress at the first and give the
notice of the site of llochelaga. as that Indian Village historially appears
before Ville Marie. In my description of Sherbrooke Street, there is
mention made of, some years' ago ,iinding Indian bones, arrowheads and
pieces of pottery, so that it is almost definitely settled that on the
plateau of Sherbooke Street, the Indian Village stood. In Guy Street
near Sherbrooke Street the tablet reads as follows : —

" Site of a large Indian village, claimed to be the town of Hochelaga,
visite dby Jacques Cartier in 1535 "

" Place Royale" or " La Place du Marcho" now Custom House
Square, has always been a most interesting spot. Here the publi

HISTORY^OF MONTtlBAL.

executions t(M)k place ntnl in ray account of St. Paul Street Is given the
execution and the only one, of a murderer.' who was 'buried at the
corner of DorcheHtt^r «nd (Juy Strt^ets and over whose body, The Red
Cross was erected. On a tablet on the Old CuqIuu) House now the
lidand Revenue HuildiiiK it reads tlius.

"1 he llrsr j)ublic s(|uare t)f Montreal, 10.57, " I^a 'IMacj du March^" —
granted by the seiKneurs, 1070."

Two tablets in front of the Custom Tfouse are peculiarly InteresthiK
as they record tlio foundiiiK of our ('ity. The whole proceedings are givHU
at the commencement uf this volume in the " History of Montreal" the
tablets read thus.

"This site was selected and named in 1011 La Place Royal, by
Samuel de Ctiamplain, the founder of Canada ;" and " near this spot, on
the IHth of May, l(t4-, landed the founders of Montreal, commanded by
Paul de Chomedy, Sieur de Maisonneuve. Their lirst proceeding was a
religious service."

We all know that iimong the first things that the founders did was
building a Fort to protect themselves. It was (as all these primitive
structures were) built of pickets and a few cannon were mounted on
it.—

It was styled " Le Fort de V'ille Marie " and stood on what is now
part of ( ommiHsiouers' street and near or behind the present imposing
building tiie Federal Custom House. Tlio street if it'can be called such,
is still named Fort street. The tablet tluis reads : —

" Here was the first Fort of Ville Marie, first dwelling place of the
founders of Ville Marie, built 1613, demolished 1648, replaced by the
house of Monsieur de Callieres, 1080."

In Foundling street there is another tablet which marks the site of
the residence of Governor do C'alliereM. At page 141 of this work in my
description of McGili street will bo found an interesting account of the
origin of the name of tl»e street and tho grand motto of the good Sisters
relative to the foundlings. The tablet reads : —

" Site of the chateau of Louis Hector de Callieres, Governor of Mont-
real, 1048, of New France. 1008-1703. He terminated the fourteen
year's war with the Iroquois by treaty at Montreal, 1701."

Not far from the Square " Place Royale" at the extensive premises
of Messrs Frothingham (S: Workman and on their building is a tablet
which thus reads : —

•* Upon this foundation stood the first Manor House of Montreal,
built 1601, burnt 1822, re-built 1853. It was the Seminary of St. Sulpice
from 1661 to 1712. Residence of de Maisonneuve, Governor of Montreal,
and of Pierre Raimbault, Civil and Criminal Lieut.-General."

font-
fteen

uses
^blet

real,
Ipice
peal.

A boaiitiful cut of tliiti IIoii'ieiH K>ven in my Hook at paKe. IH^and
I would advise my iluaderH to road the [o'rench note to be found on the
picture. —

Wo have much ploaHuro in KivinK the next extract. It in from an
intereHting paper publishud lately in the Montreal " Htar,' and the writer
will I doubt not, forgive me in malviiiK tlie extract. It is about the
Pari.ili Uluirch of Montreal, and he nays. ,

"Tlie earlicHt churdi in Montreal wan one of bark, built in the
original fort. '1 liis wan replacetl in !(}.')(> by the first parish church, on
the north corner of the prcncnt St, .Snipice und St. I'aul streetn, where a
tablet marks its site. In 1072 the etliilco wan in its turn replaced by
what \H now known n» tlie old pari»4h cliurch, which stood acroHH Notre
Dame street on I'lace d'ArmuH.

Its pictureNque belfry tower remained alotm on the corner of this
square for some years after the removal of the old church, but was
taken down in 1K4(). The cut stone front, designed by King's Engineer
De Lery, wlio erected the stone fortification walls of the city, and who
also designed the Cathedral of Quube(\ was, when taken down, used as a
front for the Uecollets Church, and after tlie demolition of the latter
was incorporated in the back walls of the store upon its site, where
some of the pieces are still to be seen. The furniture and |)ictures were
sent to tlie Church (ff Bonseconrs, and the pulpit chairs of the Tnitarian
Cliurch are made out of timbers of the towers. Atablet on the Seminary
wall records the history of the second ))arish cliurcii."

Two tablets on the front of the Iiu|<erial Huilding, Place d'Arinss
are seen, one reads thus. —

" Near tliis square, afterwards named La Place d'Armes, the foimders
of Ville Mnrie first encountered the Iroquois, whom thay defeated,
Chomedy de Maisouneuve, killing the chief with his on n hands, iidth
March, 1644" The other inscription records the interesting fact that the
Imperial building stands upon tlie second lot granted on the Island of
Montreal.

Oil the Bank of Montreal we also find anotlier tablet which tells
us: —

"The stone fortifications of Ville Marie extended from Dalhousie
Square through this site to McGill street, thence south to Commissioners
street, and along the latter to the before mentioned square. Begun 1721
by ChaussegroM de Lery. Demolished 1H17."

The western gate of the fortifications wliicli had replaced a smaller
wall of palisades erected in 1685, stood near the corner of Notre Dame
and McGill streets. The tablet reads: " By this gate Amherst took
possession, 8th September, 1760, General Hall, U. S. Army, 25 ofiicers
350 men, entered prisoners of wai, 20 September. 1812."

OP MONTRRAT.

The latter piirt of tliiH talilet, n moHt important event in the IliHtory
of Montri'al, i*< \Vi>ll (h>H('rihi>i| in my Panorama of Notre Dame street at
]imge, 70 and t^ken from the " lleraltl " of that date.

In thoie early linys that part of Jaoquen Cartier Sipiare het\ve>Hi the
Hotel lie V'ilie iiMil ( Oiirt MoUNe wan occiipieil hy a hnildinif called The
" Place deM JeHnits " It wan here they had their Monastery and the
tahlet records, timt the celcl)nited French HiHtorian Charlevoix ret»i<led
there In these wohIh: -

Tlie I'ere Charlevoix, Tharlovoix historian ol' I a Nouvelle France,

17-25.

Mention has already heen made In thh work of tiie tahlet erected on
the Conrt House. It recalls to ones mind tlie " vlved picture of early
times, the torturing hy lire on the H(|§iire of four Irocpiols pri.soners. who
thus sulTercd death hy a stcrri or<lcr of (Jovernor Frontennc in I0UI5, in
re|)riMal for the torturiuK <>l' p'rcnch prisoners taken hy their trihes "

On the City Hall wo lliid a tahlet which connects the Square with
the discoverer of Canada. It says : —

•'.Iac(|ues Cartier, celehrated naviKator of St. Malo, discovered
Canada and named the .St. Lawrence, I.llM-l.'iSu."

At the east corner of Jaccpies Cartier Square next to the Chateau de
Raniezay stands the old store of the "Compagnie des ludes." This
Association answered in tlie Frenclj Regime to the Hudson Hay (Company
of the !<]nKlish. Siiame l)e it said It is now a saloon. The tahlet erected
liere hears this fact: —

" The residence of the Hon James McGill, founder of McGill Tniver-
sity, 17U-1H1:}."

The ("hat'.ari de Raniezay is one of tlie most historic spots in Mont-
real. It is now a^ood Museum and as I have more than once heen told
the line collection of " l.ouishurfi: " relies which I gave to the Museum is
now one of the most attractive j)ortions of it, witli the old historic
" Louishurg Boll." Let the visitor go tlie place where they appear and
his mind will immediately revert to tlie period when the immortal
Wolfe attacked the Fort and after hard fighting succeeded in reducing
it

Opi)osite the City Hall or Hotel de Ville is tlie Chateau de Ramezay.
Two tablets ui)on it set forth a portion of its history. The one relates
to its erection, about 1705, by Claud do Ramezay, Governor of Montreal.
The building after the British conquest was used for a period as a
residence for the English Governors when in Montreal. The other
tablet relates to 1775, and reads: "In 1775 this Chateau was the head-

liH HlHtory
e Htreet at

jt\v»HMi the
•allfd Tho
y liiid tlin
)ix ruxiiieii

le Frnnce,

erected on
•e of «arly
onei'M. who
in 10U6, ia
ribes "

iiare with

IiiHcovered

Jhnteaii de

68." Ihia

Company

et erected

11 I'niver-

9 ill Mont-
been told
MiiHeuiu is
d liistoric
jpear and
imiuortal
reducing

Ramezay.
36 relates
Montreal,
ariod as a
'he other
the head-

lUSTORY OF MONTRRAL

quarters of the AniiTican HriKadler-CifntM-nl NVoostor. and lien» in I77fli
under Oencral HuntMlict Arnolil, tiio ('ointiiiNsioncis of l.'on^i-r <, lionjnniln
Franklin, Saniuel Cliaso and CliftiljH < arroll, liiilii (oiuicil."

Ah mentioned before, the tablet at DallioUHie Hqnare hnn dJHiippoared
in the demoliNhlnK of the Civic Kire Station which waH erected there and
on whoNe Nidu the tablet wan piaccMJ, it thun readH: —

"ThiN H(|uare occnpieN the Mte of La (-itadille, built in |ll^^^), ittplac-
iun the mill erected by MaiHonneuve an<l I'ailleboiHt in KtCill ; Udyal
Mattery ITl'-i Levelled and preHented to the city by Karl Dalhonaie,
({•)vernor-(ieneral, |H;M. Near the east coiner of Notie Dame Htruet stood
the Porte St. Martin (Quebec (iate». Ktluin Allan cnt -red it n prisoner
of war, 177."!. Thin station replaced the I'rench ArHen'il, removed IHKl,
with the last portion of the fortification walh of 17»L"

An old church, Ih reached by the Kateway lea<lin^' from Notre Dame
street to the Convent of the ( on^reKation at St. Lambert Mill.

The tablet upon it readn : "Notre Dame h* Nictoii-e, built in
memory of tlie deHtruction of the fleet of Sir Hovenden Walker, on the
Isle aux OeufH, 1711."

On St. Helen street near Notre Dame a tablet reads : " Here stoo<l
until IHIO, the Church and Monastery of the Mcctdlet Kathcrs, 1(11)2, in
which the AnKlicans from 17(>1 to 17"^0. and tin* I'resbyt ..ms from I71M
to 17J>'..', w«)r8hippcd." It was also the fir>)t jiarish church fui tlio Irish
Catholics of Montreal, from 1H;]0 to 1S47.

The Hotel Pieu St. Joseph de V'ille Marie was esfiiblished in 1011 by
the Duchesse tie Hidlion. The original buildini? w.is erected on St. Paul
street, near Custom House S<piare. The tablet on the wall of tlie jirosent
institution reads: Hotel Dieu de Ville-Marie, founded in I'lll by Jeanne
Mance. Transferred in 1861 to this land, given by Renoit and Gabriel
Basset. Removal of the remains of Jeanne Mance and 17H nuns, 1801 " •

The Montreal College or Grand Seminary has been already described
In P. S, Murphy's paper in another part of this volume uitli the tablets
to be seen in the Towere, but on the walls there is anotlier tablet which
tells us of General Amherst and the position of his army at the time of
the surrender of Montreal and the end of the French liogime.

A tablet on the summit of Mount Royal records the visit of Jacques
Cartier to it in 1585, The early records say that de Maissonneuve made
a pilgrimage here also bearing a cross on his shoulders, in January l'i43.
On the premises of Mr William Smith, near the head of Simpson sti'et,
is a tablet of interest; which reads thus. '• Site of the residence of iSir
Alexander Mackenzie, discoverer of the Mackenzie River, 1703, and the
first European to cross the Rocky Mountains,"

Let us finally, once more descend the hill and when we arrive at
vor Hall we find a tablet which reads thus ou the Unitarian

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

Thurch. "Here atood Beaver Hall, btiilt 1800; burnt 184H; mansion of
JoHeph Frobisher on-^ of the n'ounders of tijo North-West Coniimny,
wlycli made Montreal foi- years t'.ie fur trading centre of Amej ica."

West of the Court House, t'lere is a tablet whidi reads : '• Here stood
the first Synagojfue in Canail.t, erected iu 1777, A.M 5557, by the Spanish
and Portuguese Jewish congregation, founded 17(}8."

On the walls of the Congregational Convent. St. Jean Baptiste street,
there is inscribed : "Congregation of Notre Dame, founded by Marguerite
Bourgeoys. Convent built lb95, Jeanne LeBer lived here solitary from
1695 to 1714."

On a building at the corner of St. Peter and St. Paul streets, there is a
tablet which thus reads ; " Here lived Robert ("avelier, Sieur de la Salles
1G68." He was the discoverer of the Mississippi, A tablet on Notre
Dame street, just east, of St. Lambert Hill reads thus: " Jn 1694 hero
stood the house of La Mothe Cadillac, the founder of Detroit."

Another on St, Paul street, near Custom House Square, reads : "Jean
Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville ; born in 1680. In company with
his brother, d'lberville, he discovered the moutlis of the Mississippi, 2nd
March, 1690 ; founded New Orleans in 1717; and was (iovornor of Louis-
iana for forty years. Died at Paris, 1768."

On the corner of Notre Dame and St. Sulpice street, a tablet tels,
us thus. " Here M, de la Prairie opened the first private school iu Mont-
real, 1683."

On St. Helen's Island a tablet is plaovid concerning Levis. It
relates his withdrawal to tliat island and his burning his flags by night
lest they should fall into the hands of the E iglish.

These form a galaxy of Historial interest to every student of Montreal
as well as Canadian History.

HISTORY OF MONTREAij,

2»Q

"Wcw ai^crmcn an^ ©tbcra.

A.monK those who have attained to the Council Boarrl of Montreal is
Mr. Ames whose short sketch appears at the (lescrii)tion of the V. M. C.
Association Building on Dominion Square. He will be one of the most
energetic aldermen of the city. He represents the rising young men of
Montreal, and his immense majority is a proof of the estimation in wliich
the fellow citizens of his ward regard him. I agree witli him in toto,
that there is no need for our grand city going begging to Quebec every
year for this or that. Let the new Council boldly come forward and tax
all the land within the city area. They may omit the Religiaus, Benevo-
lent and Literary Institutions forthe present, but tax all alike, all the land,
every inch of ground m the city. Tliat will pro-luce .$75, 000 or $80,000
annually to the corporation if not more. Imagine $40,000,000 nearly of
free and exemjited real estate within tlie city, whilst the poor man luis
to pay his tax on his little house, secured by tlie sweat of his brow. The
next two years will show what pith the new council is made of, and I
think the t'lin edge of the wedge has gojie in to accomplish it. With
such men as Mr. Ames and the other new men of tlie Council these
requisite changes and necessary improvements in the citiy's financial
affairs will receive the attention they deserve, and every well minded
citizen will endorse the Council in its attempt to raise within the city,
troi its untaxed millions a revenue to swell tlie large amount requisite to
keep Montreal as it should be the " Banner City of the Dominion." Mr.
Ames did much in his splendid letters of " The City Below the Hill," in
opening up the eyes of thousands to our social position, and he is per-
haps the only one in Montreal who has tried the " Peabody " idea of
homes for working men. His entrance tlierefore into the council, and his
seat in more than one of the important committees, is a guarantee that
the affairs of Montreal will not suffer in his hands, and that our " Civic
Fathers " — " Patres Conscripti " — will be henceforth ever more on the
watch to see t!iat all things are administered to the satisfaction of the
ratepayers and to the advancement of our city and the good of all.

ALDERMAN H. EKERS.

Mr. Ekers was the successful candidate at the last election in St
Lawrence Ward. His presence in the council will infuse new life in the
committees in which he sits as well as in the Council in general.

240

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

He waa born in Montreal in 1H5."5 iiml is still a man in tlio prime of
life. He received his education at the Montreal College School, an insti-
tution for many years presided over by tlie late well known Charles
Nicolls, one of the best teachers the City ever Ijad. After finishing his
curriculum lie entered into the present business anil has continued ever
since developing tlio same, until it is now one of tlie great industries of
Montreal. Mr. Ekers has always been a staunch Conservative (Tory) in
his politics, yet ever ready to advance everything coimected with the
advancement of his native City from wliatever source it may spring.
This is seen by his being a member of the Board of Trade. He is also
a (Jovernor of the Montreal General Hospital and a Life Member of the
M. A. A. A. He is also a .). P. for the city of Montreal.

His Brewery is situatetl at 4U9 St. Lawrence Main Street wiiere the
office is, but Mr. Kkers is a busy man, and his new civic duties wit/h
those of his own ever increasing business, concentrate and take up
all his time. Tlie St. Lawrence \Vard will, no doubt, find tlie benefit of
their representative in the Council of the City.

ALDERMAN ARTHUR GAGNON.

Mr. Gagnon is another of the new Aldermen of Montreal. He was
born at Lajjrairie and received his education at tlie Catholic Commercial
Academy in this city. Having completed his studies he left, to enter the
dry goods business. Steadily persevering, he became senior partner in
the firm of Gagnon, Toussaint et Cie, of St. Lawrence Main Street. In
18K0 he bought out the firm and continued until three years ago, when
he sold out, and has been engaged ever since as the Treasurer for the St.
Jean Paptiste Society and Accountant. Having decided to seek muni-
cipal honors he became a candidate at the last election for St. Lawrence
Ward, when he was returned by a large majority.

He is also one of the young men who have lately entered the Council
Chambers and he is there sure to be seen and heard in the different com-
mittees to which he belongs.

His own ward will not suffer by his having been returned. The
City Council has for the nert two years great work m store for the
development of Montreal, and it is certain that at the beginning of the
new century, the city will have well benefitted by the present council
and their system to make it still more nourishing aud prosperous than
ever in the years gone by.

JAMES COCHRANE.

Was born in Kincardine, Scotland, 1850. He was educated first at
the " Old British and Canadian School," then at the Montreal Collegiate
School.

HIHTORY OF MONTRKAl.

rst at
igiate

He t'omiiieiK'etl lit'o in the (MU})l()y o\' tlio Mcntn-al i elej^iapli Com-
pany, I'isiiijf rapidly by dinl of hard work to tiio position of ni^dit man-
iii^er and chicl' operator, which post ho occnpiod lor a number of years
snbsiMiMontly iioidin^ a similar position at Wliitohall, Malono and liustun
as well aa m Canathi. ini'lntliciK Sydney, ( ". li After ^,'aininK expe-
rience and knou ledge of the world, he abandoned telej;:raiiiiy, and
engaged under the late .lolm .1. Maid)on;dil, in the eonstrnctiin of the
Intereoloiiial Kailway, being energetic and enteiprising in all that ho
did. To Mr. Cochrane the credit behnigs of liavnig constructed the Hrst
telegraph line through the woods on tbo north shore of Lake Superior,
between Nepigon and iJog Lake for .John Ross, the manager of construc-
tion I'oi' tile Canadian I'acilic Railway ( onipany. About this linio lie
rendered an important service to the country by conveying tnjops across
the gaps (hiring the North West Rebellion, receiving, as recognition of
this vahuiblo assistance, a letter of thanks frcm the (iovernment of
that day.

rpon his return to Montreal, after years of pros|)eritv in the West
he began extensive operations as a contractor. Mucli of the present
beauty and comfort of the city streets are owing to the superiority of
the methods ami nn\terials use i by Mr. Cochrane in lliling tlie r-ontracts
assumed by him. He introduced the Sicilian Rock Asphalt, and lias
laid over lifteen miles of it in lengtli. The he ivy rock work in St. .lean
Haptiste Ward was nearly all done by him.

Mr. Cochrane takes a lively interest in all that pertains to the labour,
question, evincing by the practical assistance frecpientlv remlered by
him in the furtherance of selienies which have for tlieir object the
advancement of the cause of tlie U(n'king man. He is a strong friend of
the struggling sons of toil, and was vice-president of tlie Trades and
Labour Council.

In politics he is Liberal, fie is a Governor of the Montreal General
and Notre Dame H«)spitals, and of the I'rotestant Insane Asylum at
Verdun.

.1. L. ARCH AMR AULT, Q. C.

The subject of this sketch has been appointed lately to the most
imviortant position of Joint City Attorney in connection with Mr. Ethier,
Q. C. He was born at V^arennes LS40, and educated at the College of
St. Hyacinthe. After his college career he entered as a student in the
Law offices of Cartier, Pominville (X Retournay, of Montreal, and in 187tJ
took his degree ofR. C. L., at Mc(iil rniversity. Ife was admitted to
the Bar July 1H7L at twenty-two years of age.

Soon after his admis.sion lie entered into partnersliip with Hon,
J. A. Chapleau (gow Sir Joseph) and the late Hon. J. A. Mousseau ex-

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

Premier of Quebec. Afterwards he formed a partnership with W. W,
Lynch (now Judge) and G. II. Bergeron, late Deputy Speaker of the
House of Commons. He has been Crown Prosecutor for some years, un-
til the late change of Government at Quebec. He was made Q. C. in
1887, when just about making his second trip to London. England, to
attend an important case before the Privy Council. In liis professional
engagements he has not forgotten Literature, as his articles have ap-
peared in many periodicals. He has never entered the vexed arena of
politics but devoted himself always to his profession hence, Montreal
may rely on his ability and research when called upon to defend lier in-
terests in the Courts.

HISTORY OFMONTRRAL.

2ri

©l^ stone an^ Sionl">oar^0 of flDontrcal.

" At last the order lias ko»« fortli that the si^fiis and Hip:iil)()ards oi-
Montreal sliall l)e 111) nioro at least they shall be no more as they have
been — every man's Hign protruding horizontally from the shop or store
whiclr t represents, and all together t'ornuuK a coiiijilete labyrinth of
various signs to the utter extinction of symmetry or design of the
beauty of tlie street. It has taken Montrealers a long time to tome to
Ijliis understanding. The two greatest cities on the earth, viz : Ijoiulon
and Paris, first gave the order for street signs to be jilaced on the
houses they represent iind not to portrude into the street. It is now
13.') years since tlie French capital took the hmd and fiondon followed in
1701. M. de Sartines, Lieutenant of Police, ordered that •' in a moiitli's
time from the publication of the act, all signboards in Paris and its
suburbs were to be lixe 1 against the walls of the houses and not to pro.
ject more tlian four inches, including the border, frame or otiier
ornaments ; also, the signposts and sign-irons were to be removed from
the streets and thoroughfares, and a passage cleared." In the Daily
News of date 17()l we lind this item of information: "The signs in
Duke's Coiu't, St. Martin's Lane, were all taken down and allixed to the
houses." But as every old custom dies hard, so, in London, it took to the
year 1773 till the last of these signs in Marylebone and Whitecross street
was taken down. The Commissioners-by-Law were ordered to clear all
obstructions, Not only luul tlie signs and tlieir sujiports and ))osts to go,
but all balconies, sjiouts and gutters had also to disappear. What a
bk^ssed thing for the pedestrians of Montreal, if this could be carried out
regarding the sjioutsand gutters Let the ("or|>oration add to their im-
provements a by-law for the ordering of all these sjiouts and gutters to be
carried to tlie back of the houses or in some way to prevent the water
running over the foot pavements. In London, in tlie suburbs, even to
this day, in spite of all these acts, some signs and signposts, in ail their
ancient splendor, are to be seen. At the time when the sign posts wera
removed, tlie Londoners began to pave their streets with Scotch granite
blocks and to show how long they last, we can see tliese original streets
so jjaved at the present day. This jiaving of the streets gave occa-
sion ts the following epigram :

'• The Scottish new pavement well deserves our praise
To the Scotch Ave're obliged, too, for mending our ways,
But this we can never forgive, for they say
Aa that they have taken our postb all away. "

244

HISTOHY OF MONTREAL.

Now lot tis n:ivo a liiNtory of hIkih lioni tlio earliest reconls ami we
will llnd lliat it is not only intere.stiiijj but valuable to tlieNtiuleiit of
Aiiciunt as well as .Modern History. In all the Oriental cities .siicli aa
Constantinople, Cairo, Alexandria. Daiuaseus, Aleppo, and many others^
the diHt>rent trades are ronllned to the diflerent stretsts, that is, you will
find all the silk embroiderers, al! the dealers in drn^s and perfnnjos eon-
fined to certain streets or to eert;iia rows in the ba/.:iars anil wekalehs-
Hlaeh class has its own quarter, where in little open shops, the merchant
sits »,ntlu'oned on a low counter, generall\- sniokinur hi ; pipe or drink«
iaff coffea in the stylo charactei'isti(! of the Mussulman. Rvery one
knows just whereto go tor a particular article, and when lie j?ets there
ho can see at a f^lunce what each man has to sell, and there-
fore sijjnboards here would be of no use. When we look into
the way of the ancient Egyptians, wo find just the same. They
thought that any sign was superlluous ; tlieir goods which they
exposed for sale, they considered were sufficient to attract tlie
buyer's eye. lint, in the latter ages of Egyjjtiau history
they, too, felt that a sign was something, and Sir (iardiner
Wilkinson tells us tht\t tiiey sometimes made " inscriptions denoting
the trade with the emblem which indicated it," but it was only occas-
ionally that they <lid so. All that is made known to us of this subject
atnong the ancient Greeks is very meagre and iiulofiuito. There are,
however, cn'taiii (Jivvik writers who make freipient allusions to signs and
signboards. Aristoi)luines, Lucien, the i)oet, and other writers speak of
them, showing that tiiey were not unknown to tlio ancient Greeks, The
philosopher Aristotle, who was the tutor of Alexander the Great, says
in his 18th I'roLlunatum (translated in English': "As with the things
drawn above the sliop.s, which, though they are small, appear to have
breadth and dei)th.'' Athenjcus says: "He iiung the well-known sign
in front of his house." None, however, of tliese Greek writers tells us
what these signs were, whether they were painted or carved, or tlie
natural object, so that we are left entirely in the dark, and not much
enlightened by Greek history. It is with the Romans, however, that we
begin to get liglit. In ancient Home, the Eternal City, some of the streets
derived their names from the signs in them. In the Esquilijc, for in-
stance, there was a street called " V'ieus Ursi ^ileati "—(the street of the
Bear with the Hat on). They almost always put a bush at the door as
the sign of a tavern, and hence we derive our own sign and the old pro-
verb " Good wine needs no bush." Again, they placed an ansa, or handle
of a pitcher to denote a post-liouse, and afterwards these places wliere
posting and horses could be procured were called Ans.-e. I lave we not
seen in Montreal the same idea? How often is there to be observed a
small whisp of straw tied to the end of a stick, and protruding from some

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

shop door or yard ixnte to denote tluit tluu-o the buyer can jfot all lie
wants in foctd lor horses and cattle. The Ronmns also had painted sikiis.
ThJH is (jnite evident from various authors. The celebrated I'hu'drua,
the Fable writer, says, (translated in P^lnudish )

When the rats wore concpiered by the army of the weasels (a story
whiifh we see painted on the taverns.)

Horace also says in his ;'nd Hook of Satires VII. " I admire the posi-
tion of t'le men that «re H>>:litinR, painted in red and black, as if they
were really alive." Cicero says in his '• De Oratioiie": "Now I will
nhovv you how you are, to which he answered, 'Do please." Then I
pointed with my lluRer t )ward8 the cock iiainted on the signboard of
Marius, the ChimhiM'i in, on the New Forum, distorted, with his tonj?ue
and hauKin^ ciuicks. Everybody bef^an to lau^h." The paintin)?s on
these sif^nboards wore not elaborate, pretty much what we sea on those
of our own at the present day. However, some of the most famous
painters have deigned to paint for a siynboard, both in England and
Fraiu;e. I^et me mention a few. A beautiful sign of Shakespeare, which
formerly hung in Drury Lane, cost a J. 1". Snuth X.IDil sterling, which sum
the painter Clarkson received for it, Samuel Wale. R. A, |)ainted a celo-
bratetl llagstitTaiid others, but his best was a whole length of Shakespeare
about five feet high for anotiier tavern in Drury Lane. It was sur-
rounded by a massive gilt frame, but ilid not long continue hanging
for the act of r.irliiimjnt compelled it to be taken down. It was .sold
for a tritl(3 to a broker at whoso door it stood for years till it was wholly,
destroyeil by windantl weather. There are some good examples of these
signboards lo be seen in the Soiitii Kensington Museum. Sign painting then
(as it is still) was an important branch of employment.and gave work to
men who made it their profession. Tiie " Great Professors " occasionally
painted a sign *' for a freak." Hogarth stands at the head of these.
Richard Wilson, R. A., painted the "Three Logtjer heads," which name was
given to the village to this day. Morland painted several ; Ibetson and
David Cox and ths elder Crowe all painted signboards and Harlow was
obliged to paint a view of Queen Charlotte for the payment of a bill lie
had run up at Epson. A story is told of this i)aiiiting, I'nderneath he
put the initials, V. L., for Sir Thomas Laurence, the celebrated painter.
When the latter heard of it '' he got into a terrible rage, and said, if
Harlow were not a scoundrel, he would kick him from one street's end to
the other; upon which Harlow very coolly remarked that "when Sir
Thorn vs should make up his mind to it. he hoped he would choose a short
street." The great Millais who so lately died also condescended to sign
painting. He did a St, George and Dragon, with grapes round it. There
are few who have not done so. Some of the greatest of ancient painters
have also painted signs etc. Correggio painted "The Mule and the Mula

240

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

teer," iiou in tlio Sutliei'ltiiid collection. (Jtinerally speak inK liowovor,
tli»5s»i sijfns wero not of first cIiish order, so tluit tlio Historian I'liiiy is
correct wluMi he tells us in his Ntitnrul Mistory (^tlrrtt, statinK that Liteius
Miinitis was the first in Koiue who aHixed it picture to the outside of iv
iiouse) that "after this 1 find tiiat they wore commonly placed on tlie
Foriun fthe m-irket place of Kome). Henco that joke of Crassus, tlio
orator." On the Fornm waH also that of an old shepiierd, with a stuff,
conccrniuK which a Gtfrman leKi'te, Ijcin^' asked at liow much ho valued
it, answered tiiat "lie would not care to have sut-li a mm fjriven to him as
a present, even if he were real and alive" What renders all these ox-
tracta true are the si^ns and si^'nboards whicli have come down to us
from the wonderful excavations of Uerculaneum and i'ompeii, These
two cities, as all the world knows, were destr(»ved by a terrible erup-
tion of Mount Vesuvius, in the year A. I.\ 79. All thinj^s that tiie inhab-
itants did not carry away were found just as they wore left, and
covered by the scoria and ashes of the volcano, and amongst a thousand
and one dilTerent articles and elTects now rescued from oblivion not ti»o
least interesting are the si^fuboards af the ancient inhabitants of Italy.
W'e lind that a few were painted, the paint bein^ just as fresh as l8(t()
years a>;o. iJenerally their sIkhs were made of terracotta or stoue, and
let in to, so to speak, the pillars at each side of the shop door. Anions
them we find a jjoatas the sign of a dairy where milk was sold. A mule
driving,' a null was the sign of a baker, and as [)oys in ancient Pompei;
required the rod at sciiool as they do now in Montreal we lind at tiio door
of a schoolmaster tiie sign of a boy getting a good birching. Drinking
places in all ages have been about the same, and their .signs are similar
no matter wliat country or age of the world's history. We find that in
I'ompeii a jiuljlichouse keejier had tw o slaves re|)resente(i above his door
carrying an amphora (a large cask). Tliis is exemplified in our own
'•Two jolly brewers carrying a tun slung on a pole," very often seen in
England as a public house sign. A wine merchant of this city liad a
sign of Bacchus, the god of wine, pressing the juice of a bunch of grapes
into a cu|) We find signs of tlie jinchor, tlie ship, and the chequers, in
Uerculaneum, a shoem.iker had a fine sign. A beautiful cupid carrying
a pair of shoes or ladies' sandals, one on his head and the other in his
iiand. As years rolled on we find that in Roiae signs were sculptured on
the tombs in the catacombs and the method in the Middle Ages of punn-
ing on a name can also l)e seen liere. For instance, the grave of Dracon-
tius bears a dragon ; that of Onager, a wild ass; Umbricius, a shady tree;
Leo, a lion ; and a lady of the name of Porcula, a pig. When the Romans
conquered Britain they introduced their manners and customs among
our old forefathers, and after they had completely left the island tliese
customs remaind. Hence we find their favorite tavern sign of a bush

HISTORY OP MONTREAL

217

frequently taken by the Bi'itonfj for the flame piirpuNu. When the age
of chivalry arrived, coats of arnis, crentu ntul badges were asHiiiued na
signs by shoi^kucpers and inns. Hence urose such as "The lied Lion,"
"The BIiiH Lion." " I'he Red Ro^e," "Tlu WliitH Rose." and a thousand
others. In old Kiigl ind, wliere education was tlion at a low ebb every-
thing tangible to tlie eye wis taken as signs. Tlius a large knife
showed a cutler's shop and as at the present day, a liuge pair of shears,
a tailor's, and a hand for a glover. Those signs are aeon in
Montreal. As luxury increased. however, and several shops
of the same kind vied with each other in attracting
custom, then something more than the simple signs
herotofort) used was r^-'rpiisite. At tiiis time reading w»s still conlined
to a few and it was tlioroforo necessary tint objects sliould be placed
before the public to enable thom to know tiie dilTerent commodities sold
in the difTeront shops. Then, again, as most persons could not even rend
the largo letters of the merchant's name, they employed symbols to
facilitate theu- advertising. Thus a store keeper of the name of Mare-
bottle employed the ilgure of a hare and that of a bottle to make liis
name intelligent to the non-readers who passed his door ; so one of the
name of Cox, put up two figures of two cocks. As soon as tliese more
elaborate signs became general, then each one vied with his neighbor in mak-
ing quaintness one of the desiderata and costliness another. The wind
and rain being powerful enemies to the preservation of the sign, it became
the interest of the proprietor to elaborate to the utmost the iron work
by which it was suspended, and hence we fine ornamentations which
would do credit to work for tlie interior of some cathedral. Independent
of all this, there were (as at the present day in Montreal, against tlie by-
law, to.),) mi'iy wh ) simply suspen led at their doors some pro-
minent article of their trade. One of the oldest signs is the Golden
Fleece, or rather Sheep also tlie Globe. The Montreal globes were very
unoruamental. One or two might be gilt, but in London a favorite one
was a man with his head and arm or sometimes both arms through the
upper part of the globe. It represented the motto " Help me through
this world. " Then again, two kinds of lyres or harps respectively, are
seen the Irish and the mythological. These signs were always taken by
sellers of music and musical instruments. The Admiral which so long
appeared with his sextant above the door of a well known optician
in Notre Dame street has disappeared. I would suggest, as the
Londoners look witli some degree of astonishment at the
grotesque figures of ancient signs and signboards now
in South Kensington Museum, that those interested in such
things collect the most important and place them it safe keeping
till we have a public museum such as all citiea of this size have. But
what will become of all our Punches and Indians who have figured so

'MS

HISTORY QF MONTREAL.

toiiK 'it Hu> doors or iiliovc tliriii of ci^iir aiwl toliiicfo n*>IIi-I'm, u Iici'ii \\i]\
timt woiuliM I'lil teiiiiilo lioiiiict, uiul iifui to it tlio ««iioriiioiiH hoop sliirt,
K<)? i lliiil tliiit ciM-tiiiii H|Hits of thu city whi'o iiioro k'>v«ii to iIiosh
protiiidiiiM: sif,'i).H iliiit otiioi' piii'tH. Oiut loftilitA' liinl no lt<Hs tlint t«i>;lit
iiiiKlit.v kI*iI*(>m. mII ill t li*t slKirt (liHti\ii<-t> ol alioiit •'{im vanis. 'riicn look
to tilt? moat aniiv of ju'stli's and iiioitais t'vtM',v\\ Iumo. Ilio »«lHl)orat«
pU'tiii'us 1)1' ||IVU'^<('N drawn by cotilhlack liorHitn for the marital or of thu
Hiiowywhite poniits tor ciiildriMi must disappear. So tuust thu (ioldiMi
Lion and ini^r|ii y t<-a)ii>t, tlii« Iiiik'' fannisti-r for coITim* and the lu-avy Rilt
liHinnu'r. Wliatwasa lu'ct'ssily a liundrod yi'arn a^o is no\\ a fare.) in
(lirHctiiiK imy one t«» llnd a particular whop or store. We havtj not very
luanv coatH t)f arms in Montreal nn nIkhs. but tlione we have must K've
placi' tr» anntlit*r situation. One, ho\vt>vt<r, will still inniain, and that is
the l{«)yal Anns. When we enter any iilace beloiiKinK to Her Majesty
we many be sure to Hee"Tlie Lion ami tlie Inieorn." that is the sign
w hieh enfoUls all. .\notlier »i^\\ whieli is hoped will soon a'we way to
somethiiij; more common-sense is the K'ilt tooMi. sometimes «)f such jiro-
portions that one would tliiiik it would orslioidd have IjeioiiKed to either
the Kmims or /u/iins of old. It shows where teeth ean be extracted.
In an old aliMan.ic of LSllil (Ind there weie only live who attended to
this dei)artinent of medicine in Montreal, .iiid they are called " StUKneui>;
et Aracheurs lies 1 )ents." There are two signs which we see in every
city — the three balls of the pawnbroker. "My I'liele," and the striped
pole of the barber The origin of these signu is given : Tlie three bills
are taken from the lower part of the coat-of-arms of the Dukes of Medici,
from whose states and Imm Loinbardy nearly all the early bankers
came. Tho.se capitalists also advanced money on valuable goods, and
hence gradually became pawnbrokers. These bankers had their little
.stalls in tlicse Italian Cities, and when I'lu; of these (like some merchants
of the pieseiii day) could not redeem their pledges, li is stall was taken
away or as the_\ said then " banco rotto." hence .irose
the term a " bankrupt. " Let us now see why the barbel's
polo is painted re laud white. The-e poles date from tlietime when
barbers also practist-d bloodletting or phlebotomy. When a patient had
to bo bletl he was matle to holil on to the pole w ith his hands in order to
make the blood (low more freely. Wo can see this in more than one
illuminattul MS. \s the pole was, of course, liable to be stained with
blood, it was |iaiiited red. When not in use the barbers were in the
liabit of sus))endin^ it outside of their sho)) with a white liuen cloth
twisted rouiul it — lience came tlie two colors. In latter times and in
Montreal, w t> see red and white, black and w hite, and red, white and
blue poh!s. The barbers were called surgeon barbers. The two profes-
sions became separate in 1715.

IIISTOUV OF MONTHKAL.

249

>rs

Many do not kimw tlmt i't*aii Hwil't puiiiifd tin- t'ollowin^ lor a
Imrlier'n hIkii :

" RitVf not Iron. ()oli' to polo, hut stop in linri',
WliDm noiiKlit i-xci'IIm tin- shiiviiiK. '»»l ti'u l)«er."
We B(<o often ii linxt» biirri'I niiulo the slf^ii of the Hliop vvliore
ben- IS sold, ai\(l a heaver always ropreseiits a liat Htore. The tall hat
was called a heaver, and the pelt was that of the heaver, hence
tln^ name. The red or colored uinhrella is the invariable si^n of the
maker of that article. llml)>'ellas were hroiiKlit ititi> fashion by
Hanway, the philanthropist, about the end of the eiKhteenth century.
Uefonf this time a cloak was tlie only Droteetion during a shower. Man-
way was the hrst man who ventured to wnlk ih«> streets of l^ondon
with an umhrella o\ i-r his head, .\ftcr doinjif so for a (piarter of a cen-
tury he saw them conuuon (MioukIi- A big hat was often seen in Mon-
treal as the sign for a hatter, anil if one studit^d these signs he <'ouhl
get at their agti from their sliipe. Itiscuiious to note, not only in
signs and timir nanuvs, hut also in everythiuK else, how corrupted the
name gets and after long unago takes the bastard name and not the
original. We see this in sucii names in our own country as "Susan
Mary" for Sault Sainti* Mariu. "Petticoat" for I'etite ('ote, and many
others, and in names of places, etc., in England it is just the same. We
llnd it in the words " Hottenrnu " in Ijondon. and in the "' Hell Savage ''
for la Hello Sauvagt!. We see it in the sign "The Hull and Mouth,"
which moans Houlogiu- Mouth : in tlu> sign '• Shovel and Itoot," whicli
in all pro''abilit\ was '•I'lio Sliovi^l and Hoiit," a sign often soon on canals^
"The Axe and Hottle " evidently was origiiuilly the Hattle Axe.

No doubt w iien all the signs and signboards disap))eai the streets will
look bleak and barren for some time, i'ow silent it will feel at midnight,
especially wiien the wind blows, and there are no signs to shake and
ereak on their hinges? What a dilliculty in liiidiug out the shops one
wants to go to, and how, abos'e all, mostly everybody, and especially tlie
old people, will giuml)le at fhe iimovation.

Again 1 would call on those u ho are taking, or about to take down,
their signs or signboards, that they should attend to my suggestion and
send the best and also the oldest to some museum like the Natural His-
tory Museum, tlm Chateau Rame/,ay, tlie Mcfiill College, or to one of
the French clubs, to be kept there, so that Moutrealors of the year li<IOO
may see what curious things their old forefathers tisod in inducing the
citizens to come to tlieir 8lio|)s to buy, or to their hotels to stay.

260

HISTORY OP BiONTRB4U.

a Ipbantaenmoorta of Citiscne' "Wamcs of HDontrcal.

All the tmiuKN muntioned hens niid buKi'mlnR with a c'a})itul letter
aro really iiiiineH of noiiie one or other of the inhuhitHutH of our Citv<
Let any one try what I have doiio aud thuy will tlud that a very larfre
ainoiint of liilior has burn expended ou even this eont{lonieration. One
liviuK ill a lar^o city does not know how many curlouM nanieH are found
therein. This will h'jlp to (;lear up the mist of thoHe partieu and perliaps
tual<e them think that their family name Ih nimdhiiuj after all. I have
divided the liut into Heverul dilYerunt partx, and all the names of any
particular claNH go to^^ether. of course .some of tliu capitals commencing
Hues do not represent families.

But one of all the months inscribed is Sane,
"The nierry niontii of May," — when all isdreen ;
For Sprinif has come after Lon^* Frost, and Suow,
And ice and cold have k<>'H', *« they must go ;
And Winter's, (Jale, and storm wliicli carried cold
Have diMuppeared as in the iJa/.e of old,
And Summer's ray, brings health and happiness,
And all— the goodness of the Lord, do bless.

Of Scripture names, a number here we trace
Adam and Eve, tiie first of human race,
Abel is also seen and likewise Kane,
But for the name of Seth v.e search in vain,
Abraham, Isaac, Israel, now appear,
The sons of Jacob, Judah, Levi, Dan are here ;
And his two younger som are also Sene,
Joseph, and Benjamen, the loved I ween,
A.mo8, the propliet— patriach Job, then he
Who led the people from tlieir captivity ;
Moses, Saul, Sampson, Samuel, David's son
Solomon, Daniel, and yet we are not dune,

lltSTORV OF MONTREAL.

2S1

ittur

One
)uiul
hapH
havo
' any
icing

For Matliew. Lucas, Jolin and I'atil, are found
And 'IhoniiiH, Aiulrttw, I'etitr, .lainuH, tliun bound
W'e o'er the lioly Land, to Jordan, Kiver,
And tliuH from Sri-ipturt>, nainoH, wc now uuHt never

Of fouiiuoa nanit'H indeed we have our llil,

Hicluird and Tiioni, Jack, Duncan, JackH and Ittll,

Holiert and William, Henry, Dick and (HI!,

JoluiH. Knink and lliiglicH, Jactiu m, Jonen and Matt, and Will.

Plant, on the Moinitain, Forest, Hill or (ilen.
The Box, Hooch, Asli, Hickory. Hark, and then
Oaket!, Ciierry, I'oar, Hriere, Perry, Birch and Vine,
Olive, the Rose, or Rue, then Mohs and t^eruH and Pine ;
There's Pease, Thorn, Millet, Wood, Mrush, OateH, Heath,
A Root, of Hush, Herb, Moore, or Fenn, or HauKh, beneath
The Lily, fair and Gourd, with Ri<'o, Mace, Date.

No Mouth is hero but there Ih a Southgate ;
The North, inhere, anil theie are West, and Ea.st,
Both Pope and Cardinal, Bishop, Pean, Monk, Priest,
And Church, antl Kirk, and Cross, and Clerk I ween,
Soxtoti with Keys. Bell, Books, at Hand, are Sena
Whilst KMer, Deacon, Canon, Hood, come so fast,
Tliat all the cleric titles soon are past. ,

There's Childs and Mann, there's Baby and there's Sonne,
But father, mother, brother, sister, none.
'• Light, as a Feather," this adage is here,
And Bland, and Wand, and Duff, and Tuff, appear ;
Here Fish, and Nish, and Hodge, and Dodge, areSene
And Budge, and Mudge, and Salt, Wait, Stoen and Geen,
Soly, and Joly, with Wight, and Wright, and Bright,
Ulley, and Sualley, Tardy, H*rdy, Foster, and Kuight,
Brooke, Cooke and Tooke, with S{)ort, and Short, and Ray,
Hay, Jay, and Wray, and Lay, and Kay, and Bray.

Of titles, King, Queen, Noble, Prince, and Earl,
A Duke, a Lord, the Diamond, but no pearl ;
Savage, Clement, Gentle, with a Comb, and Brush,

262

ItlSTORV OP MONTREAL.

Of birds Swnu, Sparrow, Swallow, Cook, no thrush,
A Drake and Duck, a Kyte, Hawko, Nigiitin^alo,
A IMRoon, Parrot, botli in Martin, Hale ;
A Dorkin and tlie Coxe, an Egg, from hen,
In Moore, or h'orest, is seen a Stork or Wren,
Where Quail, and Heron, we hear the Peacock, cry
The Crane Sandpiper, Swift and Wildgoose Hy,

And wliere on Hirks or Brays, the Robins sing,
Goslings, in Woods, do sliow tlie approach of Spring.

From Bird, to metals and we now behold
Iron, Steel and Silver, no lead but (luinea, Gold ;
A Beau, for ev'ry Belle, a Coflin, Case, — here come
With Major, Knight, tlie Fyfe, Harp, Horn and Drum.

Of animals, there's Wolf, Fox, Catt. and Mair,

The Badger, Lion, Tiger, Beaver, Bear,

No slieej) but Lamb— no cow but Bull, is liere.

No deer, but Hart and Roe— no goat but Kidd appear ;

Hare, Burroughs, deep from Bullock, in the Field,

And to the CHuin. of Hunter, will not yield.

In fish, we see Pyke, Salmon, Dor(j, Roach,

For tlie Law says no Fislier, these must i)oach.

Foote, Head, Brow, Hand, and Lippe and Legge, we see.

No other Paiton, Mann's, anatomy ;

Colier, the Coleman, brings uow all his Coals.

And Enipeys, down his load at Mr. Bowles ;

Wallace and Bruce, the glorious chiefs are here,

And Cramp and Camp, and Smart, Dart, uow appear ;

Of curious names if we now wisli to seek,

rhese Yelle, Fell, Pell, Fatt. Hatt. Watt, Feck and Meek,

And Itoutli, and Raynes, and Baynes, and Sleep, and Bold,

Barr, Farr, Carr, Marr and Parr, we too beliold.

No leather but there's Hides, there's Bacon, and there's Hogg,

Goode, Uowd, who has no pride, with Moll and Bo;?g,

Dragon and Leach, Fowler, Owler Lynn, and Flynn,

HISTORY OF MONTMEAL.

Pacey, ami Stacey, Riley ami Wiley, I'lirse, and Qiiinn,

Hincks, Wiucks and Jinks, Povv. Purr, and Rigps,

liagg, Dagg and Ragp, and Spragg, and VVi-gs and Hifigs,

There's Sliort, and Long, and Dodge, IIodLe, Frost, Kold, Snow,

Stark, Bark, and Park, there's " IJinke and Ilai-e," and Low.

And Baird and Caird, and liall, and Call and Fall,

And Dodd, and Todd, we see with Wall and Hall,

There's Nish and Nash, there's Boy and Noy, Towie, Sleet,

Webl), Walsh and WattK, and Ass, with Horseman, Fleet,

There's Silverman, and Siiverstone, and Silverwood all tliree.

And Golden, Goldstein, Goldbleet, Goldbag, on the Lee,

There's Ironside and Copper th wait, there's Starnes, Barnes and Dunn,

We Hope the Beer Is Cool, says Sonne, and Munn and Lunn,

Codd, Dodd, and Todd, avd Ruff and TufP and CnlT,

Plow, Pick and Peck, and Gurd, Bott, Holt, and Huff,

There's Bunk and Rorke, Shield, Sword, Spear, Roy,

With Hess, and Ness, and Marks, and Parks, Topps, Toy,

There's Goodhugh, and Goodyear, and also a Goodbody,

There's Peterson and Patterson, but there is no tomnoddy ;

Dame, Trott is here, and her most famous Catt,

The Best, to Cater for a sly mouse or Ratte,

They all send out with CroU, and Kell and Well,

And Svvail, and Baile, with Poll and Tell and Felle,

Like Band of Singer, or like wild Ass, Bray,

Or roar of Bull, heard in the Spring, in May.

Of occupations many are, we Ioo'k,
A Barber, Baker, Carter, Smith and Cook,
Taylor, Wright, Carpenter, Glover for glovemaker,
Sawyer, Sadler, Cooper, Falconer, Nurse, and Baker,
Boxer and Fuller, Farmer, Slater, Dyer, we see,
Mason, and Gardiner, Cutler, for cutlery.
Shepherd and Shearer, Surveyer, Miller for Mills,
Pot+^er and Porter, Brewer, Clerk, I'oiner for Sills,
An Archer, Hunter, is seen over Field and Flood,
O'er Sands and Water, but there is no blood ;
Spriggins, and Wiggins, we have Stark and Pr.rk,
With Briggs and Wiggs, and Larkiu, but no lark,

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

Castle ou ClifT, a Couch in lonely Glen,

A (iate, a Looke for Chamberf, there's Quill, no pen.

No Quires, for Church, but Singer and tlioir Song,

These are all names tliat to the Kirk, belonsr,

If we now turn to countries, we find again,

England and Ireland, Holland, (Jreece and Spain,

English and Irish, Norman, Finn, Frank. France,

^Vith whom the Scott, and Welsh, of Wales, ayy broke a lance,

Rome, York and Manchester, I'eebles, and Ayer,

Over the land are scattereil here and there.

Of color. Red, White, and Black, and Brown and (rreen,

Tiiere's Gray, and Grey, no })urple here is Sene ;

Whether in the Street, or in the Lane, we be,

A Flint, Rock, Stone, for certain we will see,

And May, that be the copestone of tlie ome.

Rising above the brightest Spott our Home.

r;=e=?=^'

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

286

ConcluMiio IRcmarlks.

Various changes have taken place whilst tliis work lias been going
tlirongh the Press, Our esteemed Mayor Wilson-Sinith E.sqi'. has
fuHilled hiaterm of office and Raymond IVefontaine l"]bqr. Ci.(!., M.P. has
been by acclamation placed in the Mayor's cliair and is now " His Honor
the Mayor of Montreal" Several of the Aldermen of lSOO-7 have resigned
and others have been elected in tlioir place. Death lias been very
sparing of the Patrons of the Book, n< ne having joined tlie great major,
ity during the past five months. Tlie Civic Bill has passed tlie Legis-
lature and it remains to the new Council to inaugurate a system which
will place Montreal on such a footing tliat she will in future be more
enabled to regulate lier ow n affairs and to extend her borders so as to
include all the neighboring municipalities, if not the whole Island
itself.

It remains with the new Council to adopt such measures that the
interests of the city will be the par;unount and first idea in all their
By-laws and Regulations,so that our ^:rand City, the first in wealth in the
Dominion will be the Banner City of Canada. It has been thrown up to
Montrealera by Torontonians that our wealthy citizens are not so
generous aa those of the City of Toronto. The many pictures in this book
of public places raised by Montreal gifts of private citizens or of those
only spoken of, refute this chax'ge, and stand as a public recognition of
generous minds and hearts. To mention one would be to mention a long
list of Educational Establishments, Literary and Club Buildings, Hos-
pitals and Asylums, and many other monuments of their forethought and
generosity. Perhaps there is not a city of the same size whicli can boast of
such a variety and numberof such fnstitutions,at least we beat Toronto
a thousand fold, but still for Montreal's teeming thousands — there is yet
room for many more such like Institutions.

Regarding the variety of pictures, I may state that those that ap-
pear of public Buildings were loaned to me at once by those interested
in the same — or they paid for a cut being made. Some public Buildings
will be missed. The fault is not mine but of those whom 1 requested to
send in the cuts of their Churches, Colleges and Establishments. Con.
spicuous among such are the English Cathedral and Trinity Church, in

166

IllMTOUY OF MONTHKAL

ViKer S(|unre, St. .lainoH' C'litlu'dral. riimrh of the Gt'Hii, and St. I'atrick'H
Chiireli, Laval rnivm-f^ity ami tho lliuli School, tlie I'arisli ("luircli,
I'lact) (I'AniieH. and some of tlit' Convents. However, almost all tlu-sti
Institntions have l)een so IVeiinently placed in I listoiies. (iuides and
J)eHcri})tionH of Montreal in the pant, that the ^'leat nninber of new
views in my Hook will be iicceptednH a ste)) in tlie ri^ht direction.

A nnnd)er of fliese hiive never Appeared in a hooU of this kind on
Montreal before ami they aild to the value of tiie work.

As regards the variety of eutw — one may -ay that a uniform kind
would have better ilhistniteii the Hook. Let him who tliinks so, ju'-t try
to tlo otherwise than I have th)ne. In a Hook of Hiou;raphy hkemy last
Gn/etteer — |)ublished a lew years a^o— each i lioto-portrait was the
basis of a beautiful |)hoto-Kraveur. In this work it nUKlit also have
been the same, if the great expense of doiuK so had not been in the way.
Besides, those who sent cuts of tiieir dilVereiit buildings or of souie His-
torical event, wished them to ap|)ear just as the cut they sent wouUl
I)roduce~henee has arisen such a diversity of pictures intiie volume.

In concluding my labo s I lind after every care, there have crept
in a lew typographical errors, l hese will easily be detected and cor-
rected. If the reading of tliy one thousantl and one dilTerent items of
interest and History will give my readers the satisfaction I have derived
from its compilation, the labor lias not been in vain. Much research and
trouble have been ex))ended in tlie work of comjiilation and every one
will admit that it is tlie i>iily work whnli contains the comjilete record
of the City in the letter press and cuts from its inception to the present
day. 1 thank here (as I did others in the Preface) all who have helped
me in giving jilates to illustrate tho work and who have so kindly sub.
scribed for one or more copies, thus enabling me to bring it out.

As this will certainly be the last Book on Montreal published in this
Century, and as none of us can have any idea of what the })rogression
of the »')th Century will bring forth, I close these remarks by stating
that for nearly fifty years the writer has been issuing liooks on Oeneral
History. Geography, English Literature and especially on the City of
Montreal, his adopted home, and for each and every AV'ork lie has
always received the liearty ajjjrroval and support of the citizens, for
which, and the measure of patronage vouchsfed to this "his last Bantam"
he writes : "Thanks."

in STORY OF MONTREAL.

267

ord
esunt
I ted

lib.

this

ision

iiig

y ot

has

for

am"

an le^ucatiO!lal (rcntcnar\\

A iiood dual iias beoii wrlttoii and spoken about our Public! ScIiooIh.
Ilfis it over struck those in connectio ( with our educational system
in Montreal, that tiie year 1SIS7 was the cenlciuin/ oi' tlie establishment
and introduction oi' EhkHsIi education and English schools into this city
of Montreal, but audi is the case, nevertheless ?

.lust exactly 100 years apo we find in the ))resentiuent of tlieOrand
Jury of the Court of Kinf^'s IJench, that they had received a conimuni-
cation from a Mr. Nelson, a teacher of Three Rivers, askin.i< if sutli-'
eient patronage would be Kf^nted to him if lie should remove ids school
from Three Rivers to Montreal. The (hand iFury reconiint'iided iiis com-
munication to the (iovernor, and that the Ciovernment allowance l)e
granted to him, ami promised tiiat ))atronage would be given him, as the
want of an English school was much felt in Montreal.

This is the substance of their presentment, aid oi the streuK'th of
it Mr. Nelson removed his school froiti Three Rivers to Montreal.
Who was this Mr. Nelson ? He was the fatlier of Dr. Wolfred Nelson
and Dr. Robert Nelson, two names famous in the troubles of 1837 and
1S38.

Is it not a curious coincidence that the Jubilee of Englisli educa-
tion in .Montreal should have been the year (IHJiT) of tiie accession of
Her Most Gracious Ma,i(>sty the Queen to the Tlirone of Kn>i:land
and that two of tlio chief patriots of the rebellion of 1S;J7.^(^
should have been the sons of him who is t'le fatlier and the founder of
English Eliicatiou in tids metroijolitan city of the i dominion — and
stranger still, tlnit when the centennial of tliat education arrived it was
also the jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign, and also the jubilee year for
the free and independent election and self government procured to us by
the ))atriots of 1837-38— by wliat they then did. Nay, more than this,
tliat there was ((Ver the Province of Quebec, then called Lower Canada,
and where the twelve patriots shed their blood and died fci ti.eir native
land, a Liberal Government at the Queen's Jubilee and at her Diamond
Jubilee also a Liberal Government which seems to have nideed risen
on the buried ashes of tliese twelve noble men who suffered in the
Liberal cause, and in this Golden Jubilee year, uniting all classes and
nationalities, and doing justice to ail creeds and causes thereby not only
carrying out the sentiments of tlie patriots of 1837, but also tho.se of the
prophetic seer in Holy Writ, where he explains, " The liberal devi.seth
liberal things and by liijeral things shall ho stand." May the above fall
a t lousaml fold on the present Liberal Goverment of Quebec, and may
the leader of it, as the old ))rophet says stand, as he is so much entitled
to do.

J. D. B.

258

msTOlJV OK MONTltKAL.

H Scene in Craio Street an^ tbe Cbanip ^e DHars

VV^henever I pas.s up (JoHlbrtl Street niul by wimt is now a virieKR'"
factory it rucallH to my ineiiio _\' one of llic j^reatest I'muM-als tliat ever
took place in Monti'^al, I'roni the (.Jarrisou Cliapel. thit of General
Wyndliam, the ("ouuuander of H. M. Troops, Llim in (,'anaila. Only one
other General had ever died in iMontroal, so far as I know. General Our-
bani buried in the I'apineau Huryinu: (Jronnd. Tho funeral of (Jeneral
Wyndhani wa.-. jieculiarly interesting, not only because lie was one of the
heroes of Lucknow, and previous to that of Sebastapol, but because it
was attended by Prince Artiiur anil otiier notablos. Ie» reading the
account! wrote of the circumstance, one will see how many of the oHicers
mentioned have passed over to the ijreat majority, and tluit few of our
Motitreal superior officers then present arc i\ow to tlie fore.

Oh The day of the General's funeral, accordiuK to orders, the whole
of the troops in garrison paraded on Craig Street with arms reversed,
and winter clothiiij?.

Liong before the appointed hour, '2 p. m., a j?reat crowd had gathered
on ' raig Street and on tlie Champ de Mars. Very few of tlie spectators
except the military officers and friends of the deceased were allowed to
enter t)ie Cha|»'l-

The coffin wiiicli cont.iined the remains of the illustrious General
was enveloped by the Union .Tack, and on it was placed his hat and
sword and wreaths of immortelles. In the front pew^ were seated the
chief mourners, Mr Wyndhani. his son. Surgeon Major Smith, Captains
Hendson and Hare. H. R. Highness, Prince Arthur, sat immediately be-
hind in the next pew in company with Colonel Hamilton, R. E., and
Colonel McNeil representing Sir .John Young, Governor General, and not
far from tliem were Colonel Brydges, of tJie G. T. R. Brigade, and Colonel
T. Lyman, and many others of the staff and volunteers.

The pall-barers were Colonel Martindale, R. E,, Colonel Osborne
Smith, D. A. G. M., Colonel Gibl)on, Colonel Wolseley, D.A. G. M., In-
spector Ganeral McCree, Colonel Lord Russel, Lieut.-Colonel Harwood,
D. A. G. M., Lieut.-Colonel Fielden, OOth Rifles, and Colonel Dyde, Com-
mandant.

The Clergymen present were tlie Rev. Mr. Bartlett, Senior Garrison
Chaplain, Rev. J. D. Borthwick, Junior Cha))lain, Rev. Dr Baleh, the
Rev Dr. Wright, and the Uev. E. Wood.

HIHTOKY OF MONTHKAL.

nieral
and
the

)taina
be-
and
not
onel

At the conclusion of the Church servife the body waw borne out «)n
th»' shouhhM-s of six inoii of tho Itifle Hrigrido, and placed upon a K<m
carriaKo drawn by six iiorsos. Thirtonu minute ^'uns ironi Captain (iore'h
Haltery were Hi-ed previous to tlie ileparture and after ceasing liring the
Artillery took their departure in front of the cortege, and the procession
moved along Craig Street up St. Ti-iwrencu to Mount Royal Cemetery,
in the following order : The Rifle Mrigade, the Clergy in separate con-
veyance, the hearse, befi)re which was led by an i.vdorly, the (ieneral's
horse, chief mourners, orticers of tlie staff, militia and voliuiteer oflicers,
regular oflicers, and H. R. Highness, Prince A.rtliur.

The streets were lined the whole distance with great crowds of
spectators listening to the beautiful music of the Hiflo Hrigade Hand.

When the procession arrived at t')e cemetery the Artillery took up
a position on the left and unlimbercd, the Rifle Brigade halted, lined
the Avenue, with arms reversed, allowing the procession to i)ass on to
tlie vault. Here the lemainder of the biu-ial service was read by the
two Chaplains, the writer repeating these solenni words over the coffin
" As our hope is this our brother dotli,"

At the conclusion the battery lired a salute of tldrteen guns, the
body was borne into the vaidt and all was over.

Among those who al.so took part in the cerenjony were Lieut.. Col..
Bolton, t:ol. Tiiackwell AAi., L eut.-Col. Earle, Lieut.-l'ol. Haeon, H.M.M.,
Col. David, Lieut,-Col, Routh, Major Hick.son, (afterwards Sir |osei)h),
Hug'i Allan, Esq., (afterwards Sir Hugii), Hon. Ciitleon (Juimet, Ed.
Cai'ter, M, 1*. P., Rev. J. iJuraoulin, (now Bishop of Niagara), Rev.
Canon Bancroft, Rev. Canon Bond, (now Bishop of Montreal), Hon, John
Young and many otiiers.

Whilt changes have tak n place since that day. Prince Arthur is
now Duke of Connau^ht, Colonel Wolseley is now ('ommander-in-('hief
of the British Army. Thackwell, Earle, David, Hui^h Allan, Bancroft,
John Young, Ed. Carter, Colonel Gore, Sir John Young, Governor Gen-
eral, Colonel McXeil, Colonel Dyde, Dr. Balch, Colonel Brydges, (and
there may be others) have all passed away, and of the thousands wiio
then saw a General's funeral for tlie first time, tliousands lie in the
Mount Royal Cemeteries.

IIFSTOIIY OF MONTKKAL.

REMl NICENCES

CERTAIN STREETS.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

®m* SolMcro* t5rav)c0.

Not lotif^ HKO i viHitml tliH IsIhikI, anti wan pained to see that, jtiHt at
the plat'o where sUuiiber Hritain'H dead, all the merrymaking ko"" «>•'• 't
|S indeed a deHolatu lookinK phtoe, and stran^uly ont of keeping with its
Hnrronni'.iiiKH. \\ Iumi I saw it, it broufjlit vividly to my mind the lant
burial of the last Hritisii .soldier who was interred within tlm little
cemetery, 1 will K've here a record of that funeral, at wiiich time, I was
Chaplain in Montreal of Her Majesty's troops.

" Ihirial of a Soldier of the Red River Expedition- -In connecti<m
with tlie above it raav be interesting to the readers of tlio Clntrch
//rr«/J, to know of the last Imperial military fnneral which took place
in Montreal previous to the final departure of all Her Majesty's troops.

A young men, one of the Red River Expedition, died about a fort-
night ago from disease contracted in the well-regulated and famous
Canadian expedition. As all the troops liad been sent to Quebec, except
one hundred men, and the old i)urial ground of the I'apineau Road was
uoiupletely tilled, it was ordererl that he sliould be buried on St. Helen's
Island. The weather was very tempestuous, and a heavy snowstorm
was falling at the time. On account of it, no men were allowed tc* go
over in tlie garrison boat, save the boatmen and one or two others to as-
sist. The cottin lay in the stern of the boat, with the offic^er in com-
mand on one side, and the chaplain to ofliciate on the other, and thus
was rowel to his long re.sting pin ' he last of Her Imperial Majesty's
troops, which in all probability w id ever be quartered in Montreal. On
arriving on the Island and at the grave, it was found that there were no
ropes to lower the coffin, and bj' placing one end of a board in the grave
and the coffin on it, gradually withdrawing it and tying a muffler of one
of the men round the other end, the coffin was slowly lowered into its
last resting place.

Why have our Protestant Committee for Mount Royal Cemetery
consented to deliver up the Papineau Road burying ground to the Cor-
poration of Montreal — a largely Roman Catholic corporation — to make,
as is supposed, a public square of it ? What earthly use is there in
Papineau Road of a public .square ? There are fields enough all round
unbuilt on, and no necessity for such.

As I buried the last soldier in the little cemetery on St. Helen's
Island, so I did in Papineau Road burying ground ; and when I .saw the

262

MtSTOnV OP MONTRRAL.

ffrntind thrown on his <'c>niii HupiKisrd tliiit tlio npot would ho hold Narrod.
Wo ('anadiiiMs hiivo hooii k''»''»H.V ht'iiollttod \)y tho troops wht'ii Ihoy
wore here, and wo all woro Kind onouKli of their protoction at tiniOH liko
'(10 and '7i>, and ovon in oarlior tinioN, aH -.voll aH tho Trent alYair. And I
considor it un y:i\inK up ii sn*-n>d trust on tlio part of tlio Mount Koyal
I'l'otostuut I'oniotcrv tiiistoos lo iiaixl ovor tins spot I'or miu'Ii a ridiciUoUH
purpose HH i.<4 hitondtMl. I du hope piihlic feelinK will be arouHed, that
the dosocration will never take pliice, and that a nionioriai will be sent
to till' Wiir onico an»'nt It. As a icproMentativo of Hor Ma.jostv'* troopM,
and one who had a ^ood deal to do with tlUH IturyinK Krounil for (M^lit
yearN. I protest agaiuHt itH beiuK ruthlesHly broken into and the monu-
luents Mud KravostoneH and the bones of warriors there interred re-
moved. .1. I). B.

jfucl for rrontrcal

Tim following: Ii't.tt<r \vrltt»Mi Ity mo \n tlm Mnntroal "Star" March
187i — tlio VMir of tlu< tlio trrril)! ■ HciircitN ol' fiii'l in Montreal is worthy
of prttHervatioii, witli the rciuarks of that pa|U!r.

One of th« llnowt Ni^ht^ tint the Stroet>< of Montreal ever wItneHsetl
waH that same year wlien to help the poor of all nationnlities and
denominations, that larj^re hearttnl "Apostle of the North" M^r.
(Father Lahelle) arrived in Montreal with some linndiedH of Nleighs, all
loaded with wood for the Corporation t(» diNtrihnte to the free/.inK poor.
If the K^wri Father had never done anything more in his pid)lic life, thiH
act (^ommeniled him to the OHtimation of all hnt we (ran also see at
pa^e lun in the History of the V. I*. II. —what his acts were then.
Many a poor widow's eyes 'were wet with thanks and orphans made
warm hy his timely and kind aid us well of the action taken of my sug-
Kestion and St. Helen iHhind'.s trees — The Sprinp: of 1872 was a very in-
clement and cold one and March was one of the coldest months uf that
winter.

*' In the present drealfnl scarcity of fuel, would it not be fidfllling
tlie duties and responsihilitics of tlieCity Fathers if the Corporation
could make some arrauijenuMit with the I)oniinion (iovernment to be al-
lowed to t^ake away all the fallen trees on St. Helen's Island ? I remem-
ber, when a Chaplain to the troops, ray duties took: me several times a
week over to tlie Island, remarking' frequently on the flue larfjo trees
lyin^ all over the Island, and rottiu!^ (luiotly away. Your readers can
also remember the ^rcat hurricane which tlid such damage to the orna-
mental trees of our city two years aB:o. It also ))assed over St. Helen's
Island, and laid several scores of trees level with the ground.

These trees consist of maple, bii-ch, hicoiy and beech. To-day beech
is being sold at $1.") per cord, and. roughly calculatinj?, some hundreds
of cords could be gathered on St. Helen's Island, without touching a
single stan<ling tree growing and in life, for there are many of the large
trees standing, quiet dead, or nearly so. Let then, the ("ity Fathers,
before the ice goes, get this wood for tlio poor of their city, and I am
sure the Dominion CJovernment will not refuse their retiuust. Trusting
the suggestion throw n out may be acted upon. J, D. B.

"The letter we published last night from the Rev. .1. Douglas Borth-
wick, suggesting that the fallen trees on St. Helen's Island be utilized

2(U

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

AS t'ut>l, iiitiMt coiiiiiumhI itMuir to (ivttry tOti/iMi, and nIioii1(1 \m Kute<i upon
witlioiK n inoiiK'iit'H iIi'Ikv Hi' i>< iiecossary to pivx-iirn lli«* pKi'tniHsioii
of Sir (i. K. ( iiiliti'. — Miii'olv 11 iiifif roniKilitv tint Naiiiu slioiilil Ix* <Ioiih
by ti^lttKi'Hpii. mill tlio work ot Imiilin^ tli*' liiiihxi- iit once buKun. Vb
noticu that n coiiteinponiry .Hii);^i<sts tli« tliitinin^ of N|ia*lti treoH on kli«
HtrttHt.M, MS a niitiiiiH III' lillttvintinK. ill *<oni«' iiiitaHiii-t<, tlin MiilTi'rinnH of tli*(
pour, ami \\<* rr^'anl tliis Hii^K''^tioii, also, as worthy of iiimu'diato att«>ii-
tiou. Tlit< siil1i)riiiK I'loiii till* |iirs('iit I'liul faminu <'aii Hcari-nly he over-
CNtiniatt>«l, yet there Is an iiiiineiiMe store of wood in some of the yardM —
Honiu of which has heen held for ytarn, and will likely be held for many
more."

ItrstoRV OP MOMTRRAL.

<5rcat jfuncrale.

Hdim^ K>'t"it t'uiiHralN liHve beun houii in the HtruetH oC Montreal diirini;
tlio liiMt linlf of tliis rt'iitnry

Om<< lit' till* iiKist iiii|iiii't;iiit WHS timt of tlie flrnl AtiKlicnii DIhIiop of
I\loiitr«)Hl iii.il Moti'opolitaii of ( anaita. wIiono iinttty iriomiiiii'iit staiidH
in tlio ^ronnilMof ('liiist ('liiii'cli Catlitnlral. 'Iliu writer w«>il ntnieiuberH
tliH il.'tv, for it waM a hmn walk frrni the Catlu>ilral to Miniiit Iloyal
Ci'inetery. 'iliis rvrnt in tlxi'il in tlii' niiialM of tlu' old ("iertry of the
Dioci'si', now all VI', who attftmloii thu IniposinK ohn'iniieM.

AnothiT funiMiil, and perhapH one of the larj^est ever seen in Mon-
treal, waH that of Sir (SeorKe Cartier. His whole life wa** aroiuance, HIn
wife. Lady Cartier. was a ft;W dayn a^o. lonj? years after him, laid
to reNt. It was n national fnni'ral. at the expunMo of the Dominion, and
no man deserved it more People who saw or partieipated in the pro
cession will never forget it.

Another national fnneral was that of D'Arcy MeCJee. l-'oully mav-
dered as he was entering hiw house at Ottawa, after delivering one of the
most nuiKnilicent of his many speeches, it behoved the (iovernment to
Kive him a publii- funeral, and well it was r Tied oiit. The obseiiuies of
Mc'Gee were ^I'ltud. Thousands and thousands pasKed round his remains
in his house St. Catherine Street, which iind been dnu.ited to him by his
over open hearted countrymen. TassinK throu(i:h St. James Street the
sight was impressive and yet sorrowful. Scores of Prie«ts, Ministers
Judges, Advocate.s, Dootors, Notaries, Merchants, a dense long mass of
the wealth and influence, not only of Montreal, but Canada, walked
solemnly behind tlie remains of the distinguished orator and poet. Per-
haps the villany of liis death, by Fenian hands, had something to do
with the universal sympathy. Be that as it may, MeOee's public funeral,
and espeoially when it passed St, James Street and Place d'Armes will
be a thing ever to be remembered.

The funeral of General Wyndam has already been described.

When that good Archbisiiop Boura[et died, his obs. ies were one of
the most magnificent that ever were seen in Montseal, and the tremen-
dous crowds of onlookers and the lon^j procession, demonstrated the love
and affection of his people to the dead Prelate.

The funeral of Hackett liad a still more significant meaning than his
simple carrying to the tomb. Tliose who saw it can never forget the

add

HISTORY OF Montreal.

long proceasion of OrauKemen from tlie Ottawa District, from the Hmi-
tiii^don District, and Eastern Townships, and it was a source of l^hanks-
giving that the day passed without bloodshed and murdei, as the minds
of ai»;u were high strunj^ on social, political nd other tensions.

The ♦^'uneral of (iuibord was an occasion which at one time was
thought to precipitate the city into internecine war, but the ability and
energy, and the pluck and suav'.ty of the then Mayor, (now Sir '.Villiam
Hingston,) at least prevented an outbreak, and the orders of tlie highest
C'ourt in tlie Empire were carried out without any rasii efforts of the
population.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

FIRMS, Etc.

SPOKEN OF

- IN-

Other Parts of This Book

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

2fe

The METROPO LITAM^^

. . ESTABLISHED 189a . .

Montreal's Live Weekly Society Journal.

WALDEMAR WALLACH, Proprietor.
•te •«# %*0

C'^ <'f^ <x»\>

Published every Saturday mornin.ir. Price five cents per copy, or
$2.00 per year to every part of Canada or the

United States.

SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS.

Social and Persoual News from the leading cities of the Dominion-
Music and the Drama, Sporting, Finance, Woman's Kealm, Literature'
Illustrations, etc., etc. '

PUBLISHING OFFICE :

U2 St jftancots Javier Street,

The CHRONICLE

3n8urajrux mi> JFinance.

ESTABLISHED JAN. 1881

PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY.

At 181 St. James Street, Montreal.

R. WILSON SMITH, Proprietor.

270

IIIHTOHY OF MONTREAL.

GEO. W. SADLER.

GEO. F. HA WORTH.

SADLER & HAWORTH

X'l:^

(Formerly Rob'n, Sadler & Hawoith)

MANUFACTURERS OF

Oak Tanned . . .
Leather Belting

DEALERS IN

RUBBER AND COTTON BELTINfi

And Mill Supplies.

»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

MONTREAL :

5 1 1 William Street.

TORONTO;

9 Jordan Street.

HISTORY ()F:monTREAL,

ORTH.

>irt

271

Nfi

. FRormoeie RatioR^Ie: .

E. GIROUX; Jr., . Proi.rietor.

*•!$•

;et.

216 St. Lawrer^ce St. - MONTREAL

272

HISTORY OP MONTREA

Queen's Hotel

"-^^^^v^^^?5^M'!3 '

•. f

MONTREAL.

GoPDcr of Windsor iii\(i St. Jmuk's St*^*

THE ONLY FIRE PROOF HOTEL

•••

IN THE CITY OF MONTREAL

•••

. . STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS . .

C. & N. VALLEE, Proprietor.

CEO. D. FUCHS, Manager.

HISTOIIY OK MONTKKAL

278

J. W. SHAW & CO

•♦-T«=:-EA:-i'"«"*'

•HI (|)US1G !M'

AND

ndSIGAL INSTRUMENTS.

Largest Piano and Music House in the Province
S' le Agency for

WEBER -:- GERHARD ~> HEINTZMAN

HAW p1aN0S_,^^

Lowest PriceH, Pianos in liistaliuents. Pianos Tuned.

Pianos Repaired. Pianos Exchanired

SHAW'S PIANO AND MUSIC HOUSE

2274 St. Catherine Street.

AV ALTER PAUL

still keeps the Lead as a i arveyor of

-H

First class groceries
fruits and provisions

With all the extras in these lines that are to be got in any market

CORNER METCALFE & ST CATHERINE STS.

274

IIISTOHY OF MONTItKAL

COPIPOVPIHI! PBEIiCIIIPTIOIIi!.

You Want us to be
Careful with yours.

Twd pwrsons it-ail twt'iy prt'scriiiiions si-nt to us, and
fli»^c-k t.liH ili'iiKa 1111*1 tln'ir \\('ij,'liiiij,' and nietiHuring to
prevent njiatakes.

YOU WANT PURE DRUGS

Wf art' alraiil to Ui'ep any other kind. We inako siirt> of
of tlif identity of I'vory (IriiK inni clicniical that we buy
and watch our stock constantly and see that none de-
teriorates.

YOU WANT LOW PRICES

After we have jjiven \ on pure druf^s and t;M efuhiess we
are just as earefid to he reasonable and cons ientious hi
our charges. VHY I'S.

2208 St Catherine Street, Oor. University. Branch : St Catherine St,, Oor. Guy,

..COLIN CAMPBELL.

2267 St. Catherine Street,

(FORMERLY OF BEAVER HALL HILL.)

Qreenhou$es at Rockfield, near Lachine,

MIHTOIJY OF MONTUKAL.

175

.THE COLONIA.L HOUSE..

HENRY MORGAN <Sc CO.

Tills outt'i-priHo WHS establisliutl in 1 ■< I I li\ .Mi'ssrH. David Mmitli ami
Henry MorK'i", li Id');' Mr. Smith lutiitui, and Mr. James Mor^faii was
admitt.(Ml (a lirotiior i)t Mr ileiiry Morj^aUy, and at tli.tt tiini! coiiiiecti'd
with tht! wholtj'j.de dry k'""!^ hoii'^u ol" .Miiii'h(>ad ^si M()r>,'aii, in (<h\sif(iw,
Scotland. l'|i(Mi ids cntttiaiwu into partnor.shij). the prt-stMit siyli! <it" tlu'
Hriii was adopted and has ever continiU'd an honoialjle name' and a veri-
table trade luai'k to all jtiirihasers of reli.il)itj ilrv xoods, i-tc. The j)re-
sent (.'o partners are Mr. .lames Morgan and Colin 1). .Morj/an. They are
roiiOKni/od authorities in the trade, and brinj? to bear splondid busi-
ness qualiflcaticjiis Mr. James Mor.^an is the son of the late Mr. .lames
MorK'tn, and was born in (Jlas^'ow in If^lT, and Cinninfj: to Camnla in his
boyhood whh educated at the Montreal High School. Mr. Colin P. Mor-
gan was born at I'eol)les, Scotland, in l^hl; he was educated in London
Kngland and then became conncited witli the iiouse. The ostai)iishmcnt
was lor many years located at the corner of St .Jamo^^ Sireet and Vic-
toria Square, but the Ihin decided wisely tr> lead in tlie movement uj)-
town, and in liSOl completed the erection of tlu'ir jtresent magniticent
building on St. Catherine street, the finest bnilditiK in America ilevotcd
to the retail dry gouds business, It oost $i2").nO(i,' while the ;:;round cost
$U)ll,0()() additional. It is built entirely of imported red sandstone, and
is a remarkably handsome piece t)f anhitecture, four stories high, and
basement, in lieight. and HO feet by ^MO in dimensions. The fixtures are
all of California whitowood, producing a cha.ste and elegant elTcct. Tho
aj)pearance of tlic nuiin floor with its various j^departments and profuse
display of goods has no equal in Canada, and is fully up to any store in
New York. The arrangement of dej)ai'tments are as follows : 1st floor,
general dry goods, silks, sjitlns, dress fabrics in all the newest textines
shades and patterns, dress trimmings, ribbons, laces, gloves, flannels,

stationery, drugs in the most comprehensive assortment and all standard
proprietary remetlies, and toilet preparations. On tlie second floor are
mantles, suits, sewing niiii-l.'.nes, and optical and millinery de-
partments; hero also is tlie display of fine cliina, books and stationary.
On the tliird floor is tlie display of furniture, carpets, and ujiholestered
goods, while on the foiutli floor are the workrooms and 'dresMuaking
department. Here also is a iinning hall for the employees, of whon-
tliere is over IHO. This is the only dry goods house in the city having a
ladies waiting and recejition room, It is most richly fvu-nished and car-
peted, with immense mirrors set on the \\alls. Connectetl with it are
lavatories with mahogany fixtures, The firm's great enterprise in this
respect is duly appreciated by tht ladies of Montreal and vicinity. T.'ie
firm are diroct importers of staple and fancy dry goods from Prance,
Germany, Swit/erlaml, lOnglaiul, and Scotland.

IllvroilV (>K MOVTUKA

T. A. GROTHE

. . . MANUFACTURER AND IMPOHKK 01 .

."«

",,•

>%!?'

Gold and Silver Watches
Clocks, Eye Glasses . .

AND

JEWEL'UERIES IN GENERAL

Socicti) Necklaces mib Oabgci^, vCompetition i)le5als.

Specialty: WEDDING R»NQS.

jAJi

95 and 951 St. Lawrence St.

TVYONTRET^L.

irrsTOHY OK MONTKKAL.

C-J

1.. ij. B., r> D H.
Notre Dame Str>eet,

MONTREAL. Canada.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

*- -.V 4

1.0

I.I

1.25

Li 12.8 12.5
lU Uii |2.2

Hf U£ 12.0

U III 1.6

•sj

■^

%^^

e M^^

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

W EDWARD CAVANAGH CO.

I '

Mr. Edward Cavauagh, head of the firm of The Edward CavanaRh
Company, is one of Montreal's most important and enterprising biisine$.9
men. He belongs to the ranks of Irish-Canadians who do honor to their
race, and in all his business carries with him a reputation second to none
in the city. Mr. Cavanagh was born in Hemraingford, in 1858. He re-
ceived his education in the Montreal College and then commenced his
business training, by spending four year in a large hardware establish-
ment. In 1881 he commenced commercial life for himself by opening
a store on Notre Dame street. One year later, he removed to his pre-
sent large premises on the corner of Notre Dame street, which are to-
day one of the largest, best equipped and stocked hardware and paint
stores in this city. The trade of the firm 1ms been pushed with such
vigor and judgment that now it embraces all of Eastern Canada and
Ontario. Mr. Cavanagli is a member oftheC. O. P, I.O.O.F., C MB.A.,
National Alliance, A. O. U. W., and Kuiglits of Labor.

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

SS79

ESTABLISHED IN CANADA IN 1863.

Canadian Branch

Head Office Montreal.

LONDON AND LANCASHIRE

Assurance Company.

Low Rates. Absolute Security. Prompt Settlements.

B. HAL BROWN,

Manager.

J. L. KERR,

Assistant Manager.

-ANNUAL INCOME. SI. 316, 333:

L. J. A. SURVF.YER,

Hardware IDOcrehanlf,
No 6 St, Lawrencj Main St., • ffloNTi^BAii.

Builders' and House Furnishing HARDWaRK, Cutlery,
Tools, etc., etc. Lace Curtain Stretchers, Eclipse Door
SprinKs, and all NOVELTIES in the line.

BELL TELEPHONE 1914.

JAMES HARPER,

MANUFACTURER OF

Ttt Eeliiliniteil law's Saosages

2426 ST. LAWRENCE MARKET

•;- AND -:-

18 ST. PHILIP STREET,

MONTREAL-.

^^^^

280

HISTORY OF MONTREAL

• •• '

•i t r ■•

•** ;

.(2.

PHARMACIE PIOAULT.

JOSEPH CONTANT,

Pharmaeicn Qhimizliz

CROS ET DETAIL . .

1475 IKuc motrc E^amc, * MONTREAL.

RIENDEAU HOTEL

The Riendeau Hotel is centrally located at Nos. SS-CO Jacques Car-
tier Square. This popular jilace was ojienad in 188J) by Mr. Joseph
Riendeau, who is an ex))erienced hotel man. Mr. Riendeau was born in
Longueuil, and at one time was the proprietor of the Canada Hotel. He
afterwards opened a hotel on St. Gabriel street, know'n as the Riendeau
Hotel. His present hotel is a spacious four-storey and basement stone
building, 70 x 12.^ feet in size, and contains all modern improvements,
steam heat, electric lighis, call bells, elevator, telegraph and telephone
offices, barber's shop, baths.'etc.WTlie parlors are handsomely furnished
the dining room comfortably seats a'hundred guests, and is conducted on
the American and European plans,", thej|^ terms being only from $2,' to
$.'i.()0 per day. It has on its roof a pavilion from which guests can obtain
the fniest views of the river St. Lawrence.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

B. J. COGHLAN.

AN enterpriRH of f^reat importance; to the welfare of Montreal, and whose works
" are at Huchelaga, and are amonKflt the most extensive in the country, givvng
eniployinent to a (?ieat number of men, are those of B. J. Coghlan, E^q. His oflflci-
unci warehouse is situated at 'Ml St. Paul Street. Hh deals extenHively in all kinds
of railway supplies, haidwarc, iron, ste*-!, etc., and i-* the sole representative of the
following wall-known manufacturers in Oreat Britain : Mesarf. John Brown A Co.,
Ltd., ShpfHold ; John Round & Son- Lul.. Sh«'meld ; Michael Hunter * Son, Shef-
field ; (ilasKow Iron and Steel t/'oriipany, Olasxow ; Payton & Co., Birmingham;
Birn.ingham Batteiy & Mntal Co., BirniinKham. He is also sole agent in Montreal
tor IhH celehrated WhitH Star Line of Ocean Greyhounds. Mr, Cou((hlan is a
riitive of thi county of Qalwiy, liclvnd, and received his education at Trinity Col-
lege, Duhlin. Ht' h is heen Justice i.* th^- Priace for over 20 years, a member of the
Board of Trade fi)r 27 years, and a Lifo (iovernor for both the Notre Dame and
Gen:^ral Hospital-", and is one of the oldest memherrt of the Montreal Hunt Club.
Mr. Coughlaii is one of our best known and most high'y respected cipz-^ns, con-
trib.iting largely to tliH development of the city by hin energy and the amount of
employment he affords in his Keneral bus-ioess. As Hector of Hochelaga for 21
years, 1 can say that his works in that new municipility ever were the means of
employing many frimilies living in the village, and giving emiiloyment to many
who contributed to build up what is now the H icbelaga Waru of Montreal.

EDWARD L. BOND

INSURANCE

Marine Accident

Fire

Plate Glass

CHIEF AGENT in Canada tor leading British, Continental and

American Ulticesi.

30 ST. FRANCOIS XAVIER STREET.

GERMAIN BEAULIEU '

Hbvocate

,,.,■. »

97 ST. JAMES STREET, - Banque du Ptuph Building

. . -ROOn^ 50 . .

, CHS. L. GERMAIN
Hbvocate

:tTo. lO I^TJE ST. J-j^CQ^CTES.

HISTORY OP MONTREAL.

J. C. SPENCE & SONS,

37i Bleury Street.

This is one of the most succossful firms in Montreal, on^'affed in the
mannfaetnre of octlesiastital and domestic stained glass, chureh furnish -
ings, and decorations. '1 he business was founded in l:^.'i6 by the late .J,
C. Spence, who eventually admitted his sons, W. R. and II. .J. Spe ce
into partnersliip. .1. C. 8penc«' died in ISUl. The business occupies two
spacious floors 7.") x 8(1 feet in .irea, a «l the stock is the followinK
articles of altar fjiriiislunRs, very mtxierato in price, viz : — Ijrass flower
vases, brass alter desks, alms basins, i)lain and engraved, wax altar
lights, candlesticks, altar crosses, pocket communion sets, clialices, etc.
silk and linen fringes, stoles, altar linen, bnrses, etc. The firm make a
specialty of stained glass for churches, dwellings, and stores, in every
style of art; also leaden transom lights, and door lights in all grades, and
their trade extentis throughout the r'oininion. At the World's Fair,
Chicago, they were awarded a medal for their beautiful stained glass
windows.

Botli the sons were born in Montreal, and liave spent al! their lives
in this business. '1 liis is the oldest establishment of the kind in Mon-
treal.

GOLD MEDAL AWARDED. SILVER MEDAL AW RDED.

ii Gold and 3 Silver and B Bronze Medals and 17
Diplomas awarded for Superior Excellence

CHARLES QURD & Co.

.(ItOUm^EAh.

.LYON SILVERMAN..

jflavorino Extracts, perfumcri? .

Sauces, Grocers' Sunbries,, &c.

And Proprietor Canadian Extract of Beef Co.
388 & 390 ST. PAUL STREET,

HISTORY OP MONTREAL,

RONAYNE BROS.

No liouHt> in .Montrejil iMijoyna bettor rfputation than the boot and
shoe eHtablishnient of Meswrs. Ilonayne Brow., Chaboille/ S(|iiare. I'he
c'iti/.enn of Montreal ref»»r to this lioimn with pride as an evidence of vvliat
tile po.s.sibilitieH of the tra<le an* wiien ample ciipital and enter))riHe ar<!
alhed to enerj; y and imlustrv. TliiM l)n«iiu'Hs was foniided in \<>\i\ by tiie
father of the |)resent jiropiiet«iiN. Mr. Ed P. Ronayne haH been bronght
up in this bnsin8K!s and is fidly fijnvcrsant with itn i-ec|nirenients. Ihey
cHciipy four spacious adjoining: stores, whicli are fnrnisiied in an eleprant
manner. Tlie stofii is one of tlie most comprehensive in tli« city, inchi-
diiiK the Hnest lines of foreign and domestic boots and .shoes, HiipperH,
s|)ortin>j: slioes of all Isinds. and rubber shoes from f^e leading manufac-
tnreiH. Here can be obtained the hi'hest ^^rade of sli))pers. Oxfords,
ladies', misses' and children's footwear: also dainty French kid ball
slippers to stont shoes for men's and boys' wear. The business is both
wliolesale ami retail. Ten assistants an; employed, and Messrs. Ronayne
quote prices that «lefy competition, and their patronage is consequently
of a larpre and fashionable chaiacter Tiie partners are natives of Mont-
real, active inend)crs of tiie Hoard of Trade, and are lii^iily regarded for
their strict |)robity This house well merits tlie large measure of pop-
ularity it has for so many years eiijcjycd from the ])ublic.

Municipal Debentures, Government and Provincial Bonds,
. Railway and other Investment Securities

BOUGHT. SOLD OR NEGOCIATED.

a WILSON -SMITH,;

FINANCIAL AGENT,

131 St. James Street,

MONTREAL.

INVESTMENT SECURITIES-Suitable for

Fanks, Trust Estates, Insu ance Companies,

Permanent Investment or Deposit >A^ith

Canadian Government.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

. . (J}ofitre:eiI (I)®!! Paper ¥&Q{or^..

COLIN McARTHUR <& CO.

1030 Notre Dame Street, - MONTREAL

Cut ok Huixtin* Flat.

REVIOIJS to th'' year 1878, CaniiilitiiiH w.'ie (iitupelled to depend u^on the
1 United States for wall paper of all kinds. Then the cnteiprisiDg firm of
Messri. Wat-^on & McArthiir f )unded an estahlivhinent in Montreal, known
as thfl "Montreal Wall Paper Fuctoiy."

Mr. McAnhur ii a native of QUsxovv, Scjtlan.i, where ha was bora in 1835. He
was educated at St. Enoch'x School in his native city, and was for itixteen years
associated with ths flriu of Wylie k Lioh'?ad, ^vall paper mtnufacturers. For a
Rool portion of thit time hi held th> pjU of m ln^g^^ in th ir edhahlisnni mt. He
WIS very frequently called lip >n to represent the Interests of the GUcgow house
in the United States and Canaia, h>couiing thus well acquainted with boRiaess
life on this side of the Atlantic, finally spvering his connection with Wylie & Loc-
head, and settling in Toronto, where he remained for xonr year«. In 1870 he re-
moved to Montreal, and eight years later became a partner in the Hrm already
alluded to.

.From its very commsncement the b isiaess was eminently successfjl. Mr.
McArthur had brought out from Scotlani "^killed lubDr, such at couk* not at that
time b :! obtained in thi'* country. In 18S4 the founders dissolved p^irtnership, and
the fi uinesi was thereafter conducted by Colin Mr Arthur & Co.

The old premises situated on Grey Nun Street, wera too small for the demands
of the rapidly increasing tr.ide, so a removal wa^ made in 1884 to the present loca-
tion at 16 Voltigenr Street. The building which was formerly occupied by Molson's
College, is a handsome four-story structnre, and is thoroughly equipped with all
modern appliances and machinery, as well as every other reqairemeot of this im-
portant trade.

It is needless to say thar Colin McArtluir, through their superior ability, enter-
prise and integrity, has retained the good will and respect of a constantly increas-
ing circle of patrons.

The Montreal Wall Paper Factory is an institution of which Montrealers may
justly feel proud. It, from the first, deserved t to succ>d, and it has enjoyed
success in no amall measure.

HISTORY OF MONTREAL.

Balmoral
Hotel . . .

A. ARCH. VVEIrSfl,

PropHctop.

' }

->e-f

•J.ir~

CONDUCTED on both' the A.nerican and
European plans. Palatial in appointment
yet home like. Elegant lofty Dining Hall. . ... '

BALL ROOM
AND CAFE . .

Fine Cusine, under an experienced French
. Chef and personal suf)ervisi. .. Table d'Hote.
Free Busses meet all trains and boats.

TERMS- American Plan, $2.80 to $4.CO per day
European Plan $1.00 per day, " ,

28H

HI8T0KY OF MONTREAU

THE DOMINION OIL CLOTH GO.

■;'4»->

•<«^

The oxteiiNive \vork>« of th«« noniliiidu Oil (loth Conipiiny on St.
('Htlit;riiu) Hiul I'artlieiiais ntreots, Moiitrmil. represent ii Kmiliial niid
steady growtli, which has been the result of the exeelleiir-e of the K<^<'ds
))ro(hieed and of K^xid l)usiness enK'i^'enient. '1 he eoriipany was formed
ill the year 187'2 iu a very small way as compared to the larjfe iireiuiNeH
they now occupy, which comprises six lar^e facttiries to^'etlier with a
very exteiiHive warelmuso. '1 lie works of the cmnpany turnout a Krcat
variety of goods to Huit all classes of <'ustomerH. In the tioor oil cloth
department are to be found a great selection of patterns, which are
made in all the various widths, from a stri|) of IS inches wide for stairs
to siioets of 12 feet for large rooms. In the liglit gooils section every de-
scription of table, shelf, si ur anl enamellec] carriage oil cloths are made,
all of which are acknowledged to be second to none made on the Con-
tinent. Ab«mt one hundred and twenty skilled workmen find constant
work in tlds factt)ry, wliile many others are employed in the various in-
dustries, which are in part .sup))orted by the company's wants, as the
large quantities of cotton goods, such as sheetings, drills and ducks used
l)y them are now all produced in the cotton mills of this country ; they
also use large quantities of varnish, linseed oil, brushes, dry colors, etc.,
which are now made iu Canada. IJesides manufactiu'ing oil cloth, this
company make all their own paints, immense quantities of whicli are
used in making the various lines of oil clotli. They also manufacture
and supply the jobbing trade with the celebrated I). C). C. brands of pure
white lead paints and putty, which are known all over the Dominion.
The paid-up capital of the company is !t)..'U,i,U()U, a sum that has enabled
them to procure the most improved machinery and facilities for pro-
ducing sufficient goods in their lines to supi)ly the wants of the entire
Dominion, below prices of ten or flfleen years ago. This large invested
capital also shows that they are in a position to keep abreast of all im-
provements in the oil cloth business. Tlie officers of the company are :
President, Mr. Andrew Allan ; Vice-President, Mr. J. (). Gravel ; Treasurer
Mr. J. J. McGill ; Man. Director and Secretary. Mr. John Uaillie.

I have pleasure in recording the great advance of this company,
for as one connected with the East End of Montreal since 1865, I have
noticed its inception, gradual growth and absorption of all the pro-
perties which surrounded it. I can remember when it boasted alone of

the old stone building on Partlienais street in its earlier days and 1 can
remember over twenty years ago, visiting the factory. Now one loses
himself in its extensive buildings and can hardly believe that it is the
same concern. May it prosper, for it is one of these institutions
of native industry which deserves the hearty endorsation of every Cana-
dian, English or French J. D. B.

HISTORY or MONTH K A K,

id I can
ne loses
t is the
itutions
y Cana-
>. B.

RENAUD, KING & PATTERSON

'4i

yU}i: ytivu\Uiv<: niMl Mc(l<lli>ji
652 CRAIG STREET. - MONTREAL.

Proriiinent among the house'i of tMilNrpriMe and retinLMiiunt actively
enK»(fHil in the sale and nian(ifa(;tiii't' of tine and inediiini I'tirniluic and
bedding in tlie city of Montreal is that ol' Messrs. Kenand, King and
I'litterson, whose otlice and waieroonis are centrally sitnated at (i62
Craii.' Htreet. 'lids important and t-xtcnsive hnsiness was fonnded by
Mr. Wni King, who condncted it till I><S''. when Messrs. H(>naiid and
Catterson l)ecan)e partners, the llrm bcinK kntixvn us Uenand, Kin^f and
i'atterHon. The partners are thoronjthly practical and expert cabinet
makers and upholKterers. They occupy a hoKe I'onr story and basement
building, '.Ti x I.?!! I'uet in area, extending to Koi titication Lane, and three
floors of the adjoiidng warehouse, ilero they keep always a heavy
and choice stock of parlor, lilirary, hall, betlrnoin. dining room and
kitchen furnitiu-e -tlie parlor sidts being obtainable in all the latest
styles of upholstery- In rich upholstering, of Cancy and drawing-room
chairs, sofas, coudies, lounges, })ai lor suits, rockers, etc., we ha\e sel-
dom seen such a beautifid display, and the most fastidious can readily
be suited here. They also im))ort (irst-cla.ss iren bedsteads, Austrian
bentwof)d furniture, rattan g( Otis, etc , Hiul make to order, frtnu special
designs, cabinet work and flue upholstery, using all kinds of rich cabinet
woods, as mahogHuy, cherry, ebony, rosewood, French walnut, (piHrter-
ed oak, cocobala, bird's-eye maple, etc. I'heir line furniture is unsur-
passed for elegance, quality of material and work.

Hatters z^" Furriers

71 ST. LAWRENCE MAIN STREET,
TVTONTREML.

HIHTOKV OF MONTHKAL.

THE

WIQHTMAN
SPORTING
GOCD5 CO.

■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦■♦I

TBIH Ih a prosperous concern and enjoys the reputation of handling,
only the bent goods and of dualiiiK honourably with its patrons.
They are manufacturers, importers and wholosale and retail dealers in
ttshing tackle, sportinj.r goods, fancy goods and sniallwaro. Their place
of business is at No. KW St. Paul Street, of which Mr. A, II. VVightmau is
sole proprietor. It is an old established House, its fotinilation dating
from 1803, when it was inaugurated by the tirnt of Ostell Sc Company.
To these, in 1887, succeeded that of Wightman, Ramsay & Company,
which was dissolved iu 188U, the present company becoming proprietors.
The premises occupied were for many years on Custom House Square,
but the business increased so much that it had to be removed. Here the
company utilizes an entire four-story building with basement, UO x 00
feet, which is fully stocked with the choicest assortuent of sporting goods
of all kinds to be found in the country. The house is recognized by our
leading sportsmen and athletes as the lieadquarters for obtaining every-
thing they may want in any of their line. Fishing tackle is a leading
speciality, and safety bicycles and lacrosses, and the trade is both whole-
sale and retail. The liouse is sales agent for the Goold Bicycle Co., of
Brantford, Out, also of th» celebrated goods of Spaulding Bros,, of New
York and Chicago. Mr. Wightman is a native of Toronto, and is ex-
tremely popular, especially with sportsmen. ,

place
tiuau iH

latiuK
111 pan}',
iiipauy.
iutors.
Square,
ere the
30 X 00
g RoodH
by o»ir
every-
leading
whole-
Co., of
jf New
ia ex-

.;^

INDEX

TO.

., ..

SKETCHES, REMARKS, Etc' "

Pack.

Mayor'n Dedication 7

Preface ....;.

MaiMoniuMive 11

Ijetter itf MaiMOimeuve 13

Letter of (Jenural Amherst 17

James Mu(jlill IH

Principal Citizens in ISOl 10

Battle of (Jhataiigiiay 20

Lighting of Montreal 21

W. W. Ogilvie 21

Beginning of Lacliine Canal 22

Incorporation of Montreal 22

Visit of the Anu'rican Asmo. Adv. of Scienco , 28

Death ot Sir (ioorge E. Cartier 25

(Juilmrd 25

Prince Arthur's Arrival 25

MarqiiiH of Lome and PrinceHs Louise 25

St. Laurence Channel 27

Growth of Montreal 2H

Notes 8ur I'llistoire de Montreal 30

List of .MayorH of Montreal 43

Sketch of Mayor H.Wilson Smith 45

" •' " 1{. Prefontaine 48

*• " Alderman Rainville 49

" " '• Beausoleil 40

" " Brunot 50

*' •' " (Jrotho 51

•' •* " Laporte 51

" Costigan 52

" " " Col. Stevenson 52

•' " " Archambault 54

" " " Savignac 54

" " " Dupr6 55

" " " Martineau 55

tss Li^.^a i i Brj

1 1
((
II

«
tl

Sketch of • L. O. David, City Clerk : 55

" " Col. HuKlies t 5?

" " J. O. A. Laforest 58

Coroner McMalion > 58

Chief Peteetive Cftri)enter ;.... 58

Chief Z. Benoit 59

J. E. Dorc 59

" •• E. (), CharapaRne 60

Public Square-J of Montreal 61

Sketch of Alderman Harper 65

" McBride 65

•• Sadler J 65

• " '• " Jacques Cq

" " " Kinsella , (0

•• •' •* Charpentier . 07

" " Recorder De Montigny 67

" " Percival St. George 68

" " J. Rouer Roy, Q.C OS

Notre Damp Street 71

Sir. J. M. LeMoyne 71

DolHer de Canon 71

Col. Ethan Allan 72

A Daring Deed 74

Capture of Montreal 74

'ihe First Steamboat of the St. Lawrence 75

Entrance of U. S General Hull etc., as Prisoners of War 79

Sunday 4th November, 1838 HO

Whipping I 86

First Instance of Felony 87

Burning in the Hand 87

The Pill'-
Bene' of

CriBL J . bles 64,

Governor 'ill6e 97

Bridges i lontreal 97

Chateau dt, ilaraezay 98

Champ de Mars 99

Congregation of Notre Dame 99

Coutants' ,. 102

Sheriff Thibaudeau 102

Hon. A. K. Turcotte 104

List ot Advocates in Montreal 1812 104

List of Notaries in Montreal 1812 104

List of Advocates 1837 104

L. J. Ethier, Q. C , 105

HenriSt. Pierre, Q. C 106

List of Legal Firms 106

'indStocks 1 88

Clergy 90

Place d'Armes Square 100

71
72
74
74
75
79
HO
80
S7
87
88
90
64
97
97
98
99
99
■102

104
104

[04
105
[06
L06

The Guardian " Pilote " 110

George III. BiiHt 110

The Parish Churcli 112

James O'Donnell 112

Imperial Buildings 112

Williaiii Workman 112

The First Canadian Bnuk 113

St. James Street 116

Tattersall's 117

Little St. James Street 117

The Star... 117

La Presse 117

La F'fttrie 117

Post Office IIH

Arthur Dausereau 118

St. 'La\vrenc;i,(Hall. lis

Henry Ilogan 118

Temple Building 120

Merchants' {Bank 120

George Hague 120

Mechanic's Institute 120

Charles Alexander 128

Richard, Hemsley 123

Victoria Square I2J

Old St. Patrick's Hall 123

St. Paul and Commissioners Streets 128

Bonsecour Market 129

The Custom's House 129

Allan's Offices 129

Place Koyale 120

La Croix Rouge 129

Bonsecours Church 131

Maisonneuve's House 183

UnderlMoutreal 133

Chief jWholesale Merchants in'l 816 133

Present " 1^88 134

St Francois Xavier Street 1S4

St. Gabriel Street 136

St. Joseph Street 136

St. "Sacrament and Hospital Streets 136

St. John Street 137

■*!l5BS9JlMl5j|T'"

iirt^-^;v^-- «-.-—,->

Boortl of Trade Building 187

McGill Street i;i7

Merelmnts* SKU'ks in 178(1 139

The (Jrey Nunnery 181)

Parliament Huildin^s Hurned 141

Craig Street 143

M.S. Railway 144

The Wil>son Hlock 144

Garth's Estalilinliment 144

Capuda Paper Comjjany 144

J. C. Wilson & Co 146

The Gazette 146

The Herald ' 146

The Witness 146

C. P. K. Station, Craig Street Hi)

St. Antoine Street 141)

liiehmond Sciuare 145)

St. Denis Street 149

La val U n i vcrsi ty 151 — 2

Chen ier Street 151

Prince Artluir Street 151

Viotoria Jlospital 152

Drolet Street 152

St. Lawrence Main Street 15-j

Supveyer & Co 154

I^rge & Co , 154

Alderman Grotht; 154

Musee Eden 154

Bleury Street 156

J, G. Spence & Sou 166

Cha. Gurd & Co 158

Ctinuingham Bros 16»

St. Patrick's Church 158

Origin of Vitre Street 158

Rev. Ed. Wood 169

Hotel Dieu... 169

Beaver Hall Hill 160

St. Andrew's Church 160

State Dinner by Prince Arthur 160

Stoiy of St. Andrew's Church Organ 161

Alfred Joyce 161

60
60
60

61
)1

Dorchester Street..... #...' i.t....V.i!i..'

(jreneral Hospital

Old High School of MlGiII

G. W.Stei)hon8 .........

St. Pauls Church '.....:..

Knox Church .......

Lord Strathcoua and Mount lloyal

Groy Nuns ..,.,

Y- W. C. Association

American Presbyterian Church .[■.iiJ

Ivev. Dr, McKay ....'.>

The Church Home '....J

William Street, etc

Principal Streets near William

Street Names

St. Stephens — Archdeacon Evans.

Lachine Canal

The Grand Trunk Railway

Opening of the Victoria Ikidge....

Rev. Dr. Ker ,

Verdun

162

10?
162
166
102
162
16&
1415

'196i

lit-
16a

jj.

.Tohn Crawford

Cote St. Paul

St. Cuneyonde

St. Henri ,

St. Catherine Street .

Plateau Academy

P. S. Murphy

Dr. Robert Campbell.

Morgan's Store.

Birk's Store

The Veterinary College

Natural History Museum i...,

Lewis' Store

Shaw's Store ^.i..4.

John Murphy .:.»*„*,

C. Campbell's Store

Hamilton 8 "

Ogilvie's " ,

Walter Paul's "

Evangelistic Rooms ,

The High School .,

The Synigogue

The Glen

168
170

IttiJ'

17*'

m
m'

1781'

isof
im

18<K

184J.

1&6 >

IS6.

Mi
ia7>

1^9

■•■■WSMetUKtt.!-*?'''

Pominion Square \...i..!..... 190

St» James' Cathedral 190

The Wiudsor 198

Y.M. 0. Association 198

Mr. Budjifo 198

The Probident, Mr. Ames 198

St. George's Church 194

The C. r. R. Station, History of the C. P. R. Railway 194

Montreal's Public Monuments 196

St. Jude's Church 197

Sherbrooke Street 200

Jacques Cartier Normal School 200

L'Abbe Verreau 200

Dr, Robins 200

Mount St. Louis College 202

The Good Shepherd 202

thfe Old Zoological Gardens 202

The Diocesan College 204

A. F. Gault 204

M:c»Gill University 208

The Morrice Hall 208

Th« McTavish House Story 210

Th6 Sherbrooke 91i

The Colltge of the Seminary 224

The Towers by Mrs. Leprohon 226

Lefort des Messieurs 227

Ofher Streets 280

Thd Street Tablet* 233

New Aldermen and Others 239

AldermaaAmes 239

Ahierman Ekers , 239

i^Merman Gagnon 240

J4Wie8 Cochrane - 240

JV<3. Archambeault, Q. C 241

Signs and Signboards of Montreal 243

Pkintasmagoria of Citizens' names 250

Concluding Remarks 265

Eifucational Centenary 267

Sb'ene in Craig and Camp de Mars 258

Bttfial bf the last soldier in Montreal 261

S&city of Firewood in 1872 263

Gi^eat Funerals 265

190
198

198
198
198
194
194
196
197
200

200

200
200

202

204

208

210

"214.

224

226

227

230
283
239
239
239
240
240
241
243
250
266
267
268
201
263
265

• 1, . ^'^r<iuuH

i-r>

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS/^^''J

Plan of Montreal — Viprnette.

Mayor R. Wilson Smith v

Letter of Maisonneuve li*. .!.'.'!.' *\\

Letter of (innoral Amherst 17

Victoria Bridfl;e

Lachine ('. P. H. Hridf^e

View of Place d'Armes

View of St.. Helen's Island .J..'....'.; 31

Bonsecours Church, 1057 .' l84

Ville Marie Convent .'.89

Bon of Louis XIV y.,::J:^^'\

City Hall '.......... J^

Jacques Viger -Ist Mayor ...../'"4S

Uavmoud Prefontane '... " '47

Victoria Square ' 53

Viper Square .V ' '!5^

St.. Louis Square i.....^.'..' ''$6

Mount Royal Park ..,..*'^ iBl

Madame Mance .' 8^

Maisonueuve Signing Papers '.....'.'.:!.'• 'fZ

Notre Dame Street ■...i...l'J' ^g

Notaries' Autographs .V..!..',,.,^

Sun Insurance Building ''.'..""m'

Jacques Cartier discovering Canada .;, ..' tii

Palmer's Store f;^ ;;.::! ""fir

Palmer's Store. No., i '?.. .t'^..."%

Molson's College

Montreal Harbor -East ^

Maisonneuve Monument ',.V.".'.y;., Iflif

Plate under the Monument ?..... '^f. I lofe

Imperial Building V., 11

Bank of Montreal and Post Office

New york Life Insurance Building ^...\r.?.''Ui

No., i C!.

l""

Mi-

St. Lawrence Hall .»-.' .i...,' ilfl

Temple Building ;..-.-... 121

Merchants' Bank : : !?:!:±::'m

Charles Alexander and Store .1.....'.!^ Y24

Molson's Bank • 'l.^^^:}^\^

R. Hemsleys' Store .??....."..'. Wfi

G. T. R, Station •• 127

iip

ifi

ft!

Bonesecour'g Church, front 182

Chateau de Ramezay 185

The Residence. 1050 188

The Harbor of Montreal 140

Death of Montcalm 145

The- Witness" Hullding 147

C. P. R Station, Craipr Street 148

Entrance to St. Denis Street 150

Entrance to St. Lawrence Street 153

National Monument 155

Sponce's Worlc at Lennoxville 157

Montreal General Hospital 183

Montreal General Hospital Anibulnnces 104

Belmont School 1Q7

St. Stephen's Church IflO

Victoria Bridge, x'nd View I74

Sarsfield School 17g

Plateau Aculemy , I79

&t James' Methodist Church Ij^j

Morgan's Store IS3

J^irks' Store 185

.Walter Paul's Store 186

Jewish Synagogue 188

Dominion Square 191

T. M. C. Association Building 192

C, P. Railway, Windsor Station jgg

St. Jude's Church 198

Jacques Cartier Normal School 201

The Diocesan College 203

McGill College, Entrance Gate 205

McGIll University 206

Presbyterian College

The Reservoir

Victoria Hospital

Mount St. Louis College

R. Wilson Smith's Residence

^.F. Gault's Residence

Senator Drummond's Residence

NV^Qlferstan Thoma's Residance

J; Baxter's Residence

Lord Strathcona's Residence

W, W. Ogilvie's Residence

J^Uies Linton's Residence

TJ^B Towers

Dr. Brodeur's Residence

High School, Kindergarten

207
209
211
213
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
226
229
231

mtm

... 182

.... 188
.... 188
.... 140
.... 145
... 147
.... 148
... 160
... 15.3

... 155
... 137
... 163
.. UH
.. 107
.. 160
.. 174
.. 176
.. 179
.. 181
.. 183
.. 185
.. 186
. 188
. 191
. 192
. 195
• 198
. 201
. 20,S

205

206

207
. 209

211

213

215
216

217
218
219
220
221
222
225
229
231