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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmis en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symboies suivants apparaltra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbolo — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte i dee taux de reduction diff3 482 -0300 - Phone (7! 6) 288- 5989 - Fq« PAMPHIET Ho. 2fl. DOMIXION OF CANADA. CENTBAl EXPEHIMZNTAl FARM. J. H. QRI8DALE. B.Agr.. D.Sc.A., Dir.ctor. BEAK ANTRRACN08E. . „^ r*^ ^- C. Cuvnikoham, B.S.A.. Officer tn Charge. Fill LaUuraior, of I'lnnt Fatkolo.y. F^.dericton. N.B. the Marilu, 7r 00.;,,.] « '^'''"" '"^"'"'X ""'^'-'-ly '" Q^^^- and present i>ut n„t always 'vor'. i , '7'"^ '"Ontario. It i« almost invariably inferior quality of crop It [scr.iir^ ''"•"'/'^ decreased yields and an SYMPTOMW. anthlaZJr Tnf.^lrf'Ser favour t.T 'T T ""^"'^ '"^'^ ^'^^'^ ''- and become serious even nftortl,onr7 "*'? '""'J'^'""'' «>'» »Pm.d rapidly not noticeable wiJ^^rL:^;:;;.^-^^:^:::^:^-^^:^^-^^''- ^* ^« appeS'r: r'o't^.cdlr woltt.:? Slu. ffl^^^^'^ --^-^ -d in severe cases •tion or only a lightlrown .tafrSl W^ f "*^ J"? '^°^ ^'"'« *>' '»<> discolour- or black spots varying Zm rsi.eofi '1"^ /T^ 1°"' """ '""'•'^'^' '^"'^ ^'--" cotyi^"on;: o;:?o';toTh'Si:;t^;:^^^^ ^--^ r-^^^ ^-'-^^ ^'--^^ with a deHnite outline and involvSall ornTV/u'""^^^ "^ "^ " '•"'"■"'^'' <="1°"' prevails the diseased rrrt:ra;^';Tnd'^ '^^1"^ te-lTsl^t'^Jl """'^ --^"^ duced in abundance. ' masses of the fungus are pro- 0„ <;ie cS7.m: The fungus may spread from the cotyledon to the stem inf^..- and destroying the growing point, leaving a bare s.alk. ' If the st^m St on tl'J* e^ngaji streams. Severe steL in^^^ pr^Lt ;rr ^p^^^^^^ 56519 On thf Lenies: The di- .,»o apixjars on the lower side of tlic leaves at black strenkg on thj mid-rib and veins. This condition soimtini.^ result* in a puckerinjr of the surface. The leaves, punicularly when th, i-etiols nr,. ntTwted, turn yellow mid fall prematurely, leaving small, weak plants incupablc of prmlucing a maximum crop L^", '*'" '^"''*' '^*"' '''*'*»'* "'■•' ™"*t noticeable on the pnls, at first as minute, dark-red epots, which rapidly enlarge and bcconic sunken or saucer-shaped, with a delinitc d.irk-red or b'ack border. The sunken iippearuncc disapin-ars as the pods become mature and dry. In other cases, when infetion has been extensive, the numerous small lesions coalesce, giving the pods a brownish, black-pittod appearance. Ih... centre of the larger s|)oU may be brown, black, piuk or grej-, dejjending on th« <'ge-< ondition of the fungus. OAUML ORtiANISM. Bean anthracnose is caused by the fungus ColhtotHchum Lindemuthianum Saoc. and .\Iiign. The v»«etatjvo mycelium consists of Imir-iike tubes, at first colourless but luter brown; invisible to the unaided eye except in clusters or tufts such as are some- times s(H>n in the centre of old lesions. A net-work of this ni.vcelium develops beneath the epidermis of the infected spot causing the cliaracteiistic apiwarance of the dis- ease, and later produces small erect branches or eonidi-jphores bearing the elliptical or kidney-shaped spores, stuck together by their mucilaginous envelopes. In masses the spores are pink or cream-coloured. These spores are scattered by numerous moans to other parts of the plant and even considerable distances to other plants. If there is a supply of moisture, they germinate imniediately by sending out one or more penn tubes, which enter the healthy tissue, and in tuni its mycelium develops, producing a fresh lesion and a now generation of spores. LirE HISTORY. The fungus passes the winter in u di)rinaiit condition in th*^ seed, in diseased bean refuse, or in the soil, but cliielly in the seed. The l)ean seed upon gerp-.ination is pushed above the (.'round, both Imlves furminjjr the cotyledons or rudimentary leaves, which ser^e as a i)rin)ary .source of food during' pTtiiiiiatiou and until the plant has b(>conie established, f'oiisequently, ii.fected secii iiuMiialily produces infected coty- leilons. The moisture taken up \>y the seei. must Ih.. added the Iohs euuned to •tring bftius which are grown in ev^-ry pardon. This loss i« manifest in several ways, ihe hrst and mott important is deer..u«.Kl yield. wlii<-h h.ss may var^• from little or nothing to almost a complete failure. Means from ha.lly ; nd even moderately infected fields are not suitable for seed pur|K>«^ unl.«. v.ry thoroughly hand-picked, and even then diseased beana are sure to es<-aiK>. Probably the growers of stri,« beans, where the green poda are used for table or canning purposes, suffer the greatest proportional JOM as infected pods are unmarketable. iPRKAD AND DIVEI/)PMENT OF THE DISEASE. The dis<.ase, as previously stated, is propagated from year to year chiefly by rJanting dia.-UMni seed and to a lesser extent by using infected bran refuse as fertilizer, or failure on the part of the grower to prn.tise a reasonable crop rotation. The spread and devclopnunt of the di.sense in the li,!d is inlluonced to a lartro extent by the pre- Tailing chmntK- and *.il coitdition.s. During a bright, dry season little damage is caused, but duniiK wet. cloudy weather it .spreads and develops rapidly. This is because of thr... conditions: (1) The spires have a mu.-ilagiiious envelop., which holds them together when dry and retards their being enrriwl fr.-iii the diseased lesion to healthy plants by the wind. (2) The spores are produeed luu^t abundnntlv r'uring wet weather. (.1) They can germinate and gain entrance to healthy tissue only when moisture is present. lieans grown on low, wet, or poorly drained soil ar.. usnallv more severely injured than those ^rown on high, dry soil. This is probably .lu.- to n great-r amount' of mois- ture in thi. atmosphere surrounding the plants and t^. ♦he fact that an abuiidaiu-e of soil moisture eneourages an early rai>i(l growth of the fungus e.intained in or on tl'e in^.-pted seel during pemiination. The same eonditioii is brought about even on il if the seed is phinted too early and during wet weatlier. flltiiy leavrs become iiif.^-ted by brushing against moist, siiore-bearin* lesions, are rarried from one i>lant to another by cultivating m^'hincry mid on tho of the picker. It is therefore advisable to avoid working among beans when the »ago )3 wet COXTROL SIEASl'HES, Numerous suggestions for the control of anthracnoso have been made from time to time but tlicse have failed, partly becaust? of tli.ir inciHciciicy but largely due to the fact that tlie growers have failed U) put them iiit > i.racticc carcfullv andcntinu- oiisly. The > hicf point to keep in mind is that diseased seed prodiiccs diseisod plants and these serve as a source of infection to healthy plants. It wouM ^ccni thjit a com- bination of control measureg might give tlio best result. The varioii- steps are here descriljed separately but should bo practised collectively. Pod selection: Disease-free seed can be most onsily obtained by gathering sound pods from a field as nearly dis .asc-free as is available. In selcctiiig these pods care should bo taken to select fr nn iibnits which appear resistant to the disease high yielders and true to the desired type. Ai an nddltlDiinl prcvnutinn, lh<< pMii nhnuld h<< iinmi'ritfid in one o( the foilowiuff ■olutlont for tv/n or thri<<< ininutn: (n) CfipiMT milplintf, 1 lli. in *f> jriilli)iii4 of wiitr-r. (li) Fiirninlin, 1 pfnt in W (rfllli>nii of wntrr. (c) fiirrojiivn KMlilitnnti", 1 oz. in H Knllons of wat<>I. Tho p(.dK iiri' thin thornuKhly (iri<'d utorcd in a clean sack; care ulioiild be t.,l;i ii to avoid rrinlti-fioii of tlii> cuil. If it i* impraetienble to w-lurt enough potl-t to mi|i|l,v mc«»l fr r itliintin; tin' wholo of tho next yef "i prop, «ufBfii«>nt fhould b« Rrlocti-d fnr ii mod pit. Seed plot: A MCil plot is nothiiiK imirc inu- IcfW thnn a picit on whidi i» pnipngiitcd deeiruhU,' wed, of pure variotv, trn • to tj\K', lii>;h .vicldiiur and froo from diHcasen. in Bufficirnt qUHntiiy to -n.piily ^wmI for plmtinu; the tnaiii i-rop tho followintt yeur. The very b.st sf«'d i.' tiiimiliU- -iidiild I c Micurfd for plantini; tlic -I'i'd plot. This priictii'O had iriven oxi^ellcut results with oth.r cmim and might protitahly h.' prnrtised by toed jfrowc-rs. Sestl telfrtwn: Wiioro pod scloctioii hai* not bwn prai'ti-'iil, and even if it htt«, tho boon* phonid N^ cnrofnlly handpicki d. rcinovlnix nil disi-olourcl. upottcd, shrunken, oi inferior ."eel U'fori' plantintr. Thi-i will not rciiiove all the iiifei'ted xoo«l hut will matpvially reilncr the anioiiiit. Several preliminary experiments* in eareful hand- lelection jtaye vory prom' 'nr resiilu, not ..iilv n< n eontrol for nnthrncnfme but as a ineana of oHmimitiilK 'tifeiior seed and clisease in ifeni'ral. Seed trrntiiiriil : Tr< ntnient of si-eil Ihui -> Inn not (riven wholly reliable result*, probably duo to the fact that tli« organism 'mihImh the disca'o p<'netratc!* deeply into the tissue, und eannot ' <- easily destroyed without injurinst he (xerTiiinatiiif? quality of the "eod. \«>verthele-