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All other original copiaa are filmed beginning on the f..ji^i^z^lp>'r' i'^ w^lSHi iVii 8:1/ J, f i «f -< .:.JI"' ,«•*"" It r/' 4 I. >i^ Ww * Jk ^ h. a'"*^ "■**=%-.ar.. \ # N U) al M S / i '•»i^i-^_ I'll,.--.. T'"'/ ^tev.iriZ /^^fSl-X. ^\n*V" r V -I fiMPIl GENERAL GAZlIiriTEElRy' ^^ O OU, tOMl'ENUlOUS GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. roNTAININO A iiKMcnirrioN ok tiii: feMPIRRH, KIN(;i>0>lM. HTATKM, IMIOVIN* MS. nil K?», TOWNS, FOUT«, MKAS, HAIIilOliUH, HIVLOIIH, l.AKKN, MOliMTAl.NH, (JAl'lIH, Jte. IN TIIM K N () W N W C) R L ; WITH TUM CxTiNT, Bound All I E9, and Natuk al Phoductions of each Country \ the GovRRNMKHT, Customs, Mannkki, .ind Rf.mcion of the Inhabitant! { the Tk AUK, MANur Ac-URKs, and Cui< if)si tifs, of the Citici and Townif with thcirLoNuiTUDKund La tituhk, Bkakino nnd Dutanck inEnglikh Miles from important Places ) and the remarkable Events by which thcf have* been diitingiiiUicd. ILLUSTRATED BY EIOIIT MAPS. AKIOINALI.V COMPII.KD By R. BROOKES, M. D. THE SIXTEENTH EDITION, WITH VERY CONSinEnAllLR ADDITIONS AND IMPROVKMENTS, FROM TMK REST AND MO.ST UECKNT AUTIIORITIKS, LONDON: PntNTED roR F. C. AND J. niVINGTON, O. WII.KIE, W. I.OWTIDES, DCATCnERU AN1» IXTTKRM.VN, J. riTHBLI., J. NtNN, C. LAW, U>NOMAN, lltHNT, nBRH, RME, AND BROnN, CAUICLL AND DAVIEM, R. CROHRV AND CO. CLARKE AND 80NR, J. AND A. ARCH, NEWMAN ANUi'U. RLArK, PARIIY, AND CO. J. RIL'lIAUOHON, i. M. BICHARDSON, LACKINOTON, AI.LKN, AND Co. R. H. KIRDY, R. OCnOLEY, T- II- nooailON, J. BOOTH, R. RAI.DWIN, KIIEHWOOD, NKKLY, AND JONES, J MA1T.MAN, T. HAMILTON, Vf. BAVNEll, .1. AHPERNE, T. TEtiU, CUAUOCK VND JOY, GALE, Cl'UTIM, AND EENNER, O. AND S. ROBINHON, J. WALKKR AND CO, i. ROBINSON, WIL9UN AND SUN, YORK, AND CONSTABLB AND CO. EDINDtRUII. 1815. 6 \yi 2-^' •/ /' 4> /. / ^- ^ V V R i: !• A C K TiiF scitMK'O (A" (M'ocjrapliv bi'Ini^ in !i ronstiuit stntc of iinprovcuuMit, oitlu'r (iom now discoveriiN on tlu* j;lol»(% or from llio in'w points of view in wliicli ohjoi'ts alioady known may bo consiiloiTd, i\ work ol'tliis natnrc innst rccpiirc iVc- qnont revision. Jn proportion as the spirit of enterprise nnd pcrscvoranrc of resoart-li rontinno to exhibit !iew dis- coveries, it is neti'ssary to apply with assichiity to the varions sonrces of information, and to enrich this work by nn inferc^stin^ seh'cti(»n ot'sneh objcTts as may claim atten- tion, not merely from their novelty, but (Vom their import- ance in a delineation of the world and the history ot' the human race. In the einfhth edition, published in 1 7^4, very considerable additions and improvements were made. The division of France into departments, instead of its ancient provinces ; the transferment of the provinces of Poland to the domi- nion of Russia, Austria, and Pruss^ia ; the new division of the vast empire of Ilussia into ^governments ; the new ac- quisitions in the tocography of the regions of llindoostan ; the description of many cities, towns, lakes, and rivers, in North America; with numerous im])ortant additions in other foreign i)arts, were then introduced, for the first time, into any work of this kind. The articles that were not in the preceding edition amounted to considerably above a tliousand ; and a great number of the others were either newly written or greatly improved. Since that time it has been the constant practice of the editor to em'ith the subsequent editions by insertions from a2 w PREFACE. 9 every respectable publication, whence new geographical and topographical information could be obtained ; and to spare no pains to render this established work worthy of the reputation it has acquired. That the public hav^ approved of these exertions, is evinced by the rapid sale of several large impressions ; and so great a demand is also a decisive proof of its superiority to every other attempt of the kind. The changeable state of territory that has lately been so frequent, particuiiul^ in many parts of Europe, has caused some perplexity in the account of several places; therefore indulgence is craved for any error that may be discovered. The ancient provinces of the original territory of France are still retained for the illustration of former histories; and the recent acquisitions of territory are particularised under the article France ; but the different countries that have been annexed, are described, in general, under their for- mer aj)pellations j and also the countries which that govern- ment erected into kingdoms, &c. These alterations of territory are now likely to be settled in another and more permanent state j for, in June last, the Bourbon family was restored to the throne of France, and separate treaties of peace signed at Paris with Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain ; and plenipotentiaries from the principal European powers are now assembled t Vienna, to regulate, in general congress, the arrangements necessary for the settlement o: general peace. \ Nov. 18 i 4. 1 1 V ^ TUFSC tioii of al scriptioti and t(?i res Tttovo\ry which is a respects, , ^STROI most rcino lieet times. Christ, wa itary iiiotiu some niort that the ea with other a:^ is agreci quiescent; to the Eart was called Archiniedc philosophy, tian phUosi adopted. ' verse, and 1 the cclestia cient philos Hippaschus ages, till ha| Copernicus, The Sola gnished froi mense dista reputed no ] star is itself planets, &c. round their cherished. immensity ; The Maps that accompany this xwrk arc, the World, placed hffore the Title, and Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, East Indies, and Wast Indies, placed before the respective Deicnptions. As by the utnqost extel onl ^of the comej;^. Of which revoh planeita, in t the Earth, h :< '> / J ( H J )graphical I ; and to tliy of tlie approved of several a decisive the kind. ily been so lias caused ; therefore liscovered. of France tories; and ised under that have I' their for- |iat govern- rations of and more am ily was treaties of ussia, and principal regulate, ry for the Uii\i* 1 hn^ l>'»iiii. i< 'ore the Title t East Indies, i » Moilliat i<>1mi I> MII«| /' A 1(1 ')t *'|l!n.ij .»»• INTRODUCTION. » i;. j/Kfl XnR sciqnco wliicli treat? ofthe construction, lignrc, dispositi.m, nnd rela- tion of Jill thy parts ol'tlie iverse, is called CosMociUAiMcv ; tliat in a de- scription of tho world: anil us the universe in represtMited by the celestial and terrestriid globes, co'^mography has two principal parts ; namely, As- TRONOuy, which is the science of the celestial botlios; and (ip.oiiKArHTf which is a description of the Earth. As these two scitnccs have, in many respects, a necessary connection, we shall take a cursory view of each. Of the Universe. \sTRONOMY is a scicncc which has been the study and admiration of the most remote ages. The true system of the universe was known in the ear- liest times. Pythagoras in particular, who tlourished near .500 years before Christ, was undoubtedly acquainted with the present doctrine of the plane- tary motions, which he is supposed to have learned during his residence with s.ome more enlightened nations in the east. His disciples not only taught, that the earth had a diurnal motion on its own axis, and annually revolved, with otiier planets round the Sun, hut gave such un account of the comets as is agreeable to modern discoveries. The heavens and stars they supposed quiescent; and their apparent diurnal motion from cast to west was imputed to the Earth's motion from west to east. Hence this doctrine, for many ages, was called the Pythagorean System. It was followed by Philolaus, Plato, Archimedes, and others, but lost during the prevalence of the Peripatetic philosophy, when tho Ptolemaic System (so called from Ptolemy, an Egyp- tian philosopher, who lived about 138 years after Christ) was universal]^ adopted. I'his system supposes tho earth at rest in the centre of the uni- verse, and that the heavens revolve round it from end to west, carrying all the celestial bodies along with them, in twenty-four hours. Among the an- cient philosophers, the principal asserters of this system were Aristotle and Hippa.chus. Being consonant to appearances, it was adhered to for many ages, till happily, in the year 1 5:30, the true system was revived by Nicolauf Copernicus, a native of Thorn, in Western Prussia. The Salary or Planetari/ System, should, in strict propriety, be distin- guished from the St/stem of the Universe: for the fixed stars, from their im- mense distance, and the little relation they seem to bear to our globe, are reputed no part of the former. It is highly probable, indeed, that each fixed star is itself a sun, and the centre of a particular system, surrounded by planets, &c. which, at different distances, and in different periods, revolve round their respective suns, by which they are enlightened, warmed, and cherished. Hence we have a very magnificent idea of the universe, and its immensity ; and hence also arises a kind of system of systems. Of the Solar System. As by the universe is to be understood the whole frame of nature, to t::e utnrjost exteht of the creation ; so by the solar system is meant that portityi onl'- of the universe which comprehends the Sun, planets, satellites, and come|;^. Of this system the Sun is the centre ; and there are seven planets which revolve round him, each in its path or orbit. The names of these planets, in the order of their distance from the Sun, are Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Georgian. The first two, because VI INTKODl'CTION. i\\cy move within tlic orbit of the Riuth, are culled iiirciioi plaintb; and tho hist four, on account of their moving witliout that orbit, ure culled superior planets*. The Sun. The Sox, the centre of our system, the parent of tiic scnsons, nnd " groat dclej/nted source of light and life," is in the form ofn splieroid, higher und'.r the equator than about the poles. His diameter is 703,000 miles ; and hid sftlid bulk is ainilli»)noftime.-i larger than that if the Karth. This luminary was generally considered by the ancients as a globe of pure fire; but from a number of macula:, or dark spots, whiclvby means of a telescope, may bo peen on different parts of his surface, tliis opinion appears to have been illi founded. These j pots are supposed to be large excavations in the body of the Sun. Their motion is from east to west : and as they are observed to move quicker when they ure near the central regions, it follows that the Sun nmst be a spherical body, and revolve on his axis. The time jn which he performs this revolution is twenty-five days and six hours, The Planets. Tiie planets are all opaque spherical bodies, and have no light of their own, but shine by means of that borrowed l^;ht which they receive from the Sun; it being ascertained, from telescopical observations, that only that side of the planets which is turned toward the sun is ever enlightened; while the opposite side, which the solar rays cannot reach, remains constantly dark. From the regular appearance and disappearance of several remarkable dark spots, which, by means of a telescope, arc constantly to be seen on their bodies, it may be demonstrated, that each has such a motion round its axis, as corresponds with the diurnal rotation of the Earth ; and from their seem- ing sometimes to be stationary, and at other times retrograde, it is equally certain, that they nuist have such a progressive motion round the Sun as answers to the annual revolution of the Earth in its orbit. As the Earth, moreover, is similar to the other six planets, it may reasonably be concluded by analogy, that they must be designed for the same purposes, although, from their different proportions of heat and cold, it is not credible that beings of our make and temperament could live upon all of them. We now proceed to the consideration of each planet in particular. 1 . Meucuiiy, the nearest planet to the Sun, revolves round that luminary in about eighty-seven days and twenty-three hours, or little less than three of our months, which is the length of his year. Being seldom seen, however, on account of his proximity to the Sun, and no spots appearing on his disk, the time of his rotation on his axis, or the length of his days and nights, is unknown. His distance from the Sun is 3(3,841,000 miles: his diameter 3,100 ; and in his annual revolution round the Sun, he moves at the rate of J 05,000 miles an hour. These calculations, as well as those of the other planets which follow, are founded on astronomical observations made on the * Four other planets have been discovered in the present century, whose orbits are between those of Mars and Jupiter, but they arp of such inconsiderable size, the largest being much inferior to our Moon, that the term asieividcs has been applied to '.hem ; and they require glasses of a high magnifying power to sliow them distinctly. The first, and largest, was discovered by M. Plazzi, at Palermo, January 1, 1801, and is called Ceres: its diameter is estimated at I2U0 miles, and its distance from tlie Sun above 250 millions of miles. The second was discovered by Dr. Olher-;, at Bremen, March 28, 1802, and Is named Pallas : the third, discovered by M. Harding at Lilienthal, near Bremen, Sep- tember '. , 1804, is called Jvno : and the fourth, discovered by Dr. Gibers, March 29, J8()7, U named Ve»t». , f \ transit vie well or upj)l can. i, niul " groat hi*,'!!!'!' under lilos ; and his "his Iinuinary e ; but from a L'ope, may bo liuvo been \\U w the body of L! observed to « that the Sun in which he id s b cs. h'ght of their eive from the only that side ed; while the nstantly dark, narkable dark seen on their ^ound its axis, their seem- it is equally the Sun as the Earth, )e concluded although, e that beings now proceed that luminary ss than three Jen, however, g on his disk, ights, is his diameter at the rate of of the other made on the hose orbits are size, the largest d to '.hem; and The first, and is called Ceres: tve 250 millions h 28, 1802, and Bremen, Sep- ers, March 29^ INTRODUCTTOK. VII ': I transit of Venus owv the Sun, in tlio yenr l/O'l. Mnrury "^oonis, whin viewed in dirt'erent positions, with a good telescope, to have all the pli.ise* or appearances of the M<)on,e\c\pt that he t:in, ai nolime, l)i'sc<'ii ciitiri;ly round, or (;iiite full ; because his enlif.;hleiu.d side is never turned diiectly toward ns, hut when he is so near the Sun as to be hid in iiis beams. 2. Vknus, which is the brighter, and in ippearanee the largest, of all the planets, is 0"8,8()I,Ot)O miles irom the Sun, and, by moving at the rate of 76.000 miles aa hour, completes her annual revolution in :i24 days and se- venteen hour*, or about seven months and a half. Her diameter is 7,860 miles, and her diurnal rotation on her axis is performed in twenty-tliree liouis and twenty-two minutes. When this planet appears to the west of the Sun, she rises before him in the morning, and is called a morning star; and when she appears to the east of that luminary, she shines in the even- ing, and is called the evening star. She is in each situation, alternately, for about 290 days ; and during the whole of her revolution, appears, through a telescope, to have the various phases of the Moon. 3. The Eauth is 95,173,000 miles distant from the Sun, and by moving at the rate of 58,000 miles an hour, perforins its annual revolution in 365 days, five hours, and 4g minutes, which is the space of our year. This dis- tance is so prodigious, that a cannon-ball which moves at the rate of about eight miles in a minute, would be something more than twenty-two years and a half in going from the Earth to the Sun ; and its motion, although 120 times swilter than that of a cannon-ball, is little more than half the velocity of Mercury in his orbit. The diameter of the Earth is 7,970 miles; and as it turns round its axis every twenty-four hours, from west to east, it occasions an apparent motion of all the heavenly bodies from east to west, in the same time. The line which it describes in its annual motion is called the eeliptic, and proceeds from west to east, according to the order of the signs of the zodiac. This motion is the cause of the dittbrent seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, and consequently of the diirorciit length of day and night in these seasons. In its progress through the ecliptic, the Earth every where keeps its axis in a situation parallel to itself, and equally .inclined to the plane of the ecliptic, in an angle of about twenty-three degrees and a half. The rotation of the earth on its axis in twenty -four hours, makes it day in those partswhich are turned toward the Sun, and night in thepartswhich are turned from him. That the Earth is of a spherical figure, nearly resembling that of a globe, is evident from the voyages of several celebrated circumnavigators, and particularly commodore Anson, who, by steering continually westward, arrived, at length, at the place whence he departed ; which could never have happened, had the Earth been of any other than a spherical figure. This form is also evident from the circular appearance of the sea itself, and the circumsiances which attend large objects when seen at a distance on its sur- face ; for, when a ship is sailing from the shore, we first lose sight of the hull, afterward of the rigging, and, at last, discern the top of the mast only: thia is evidently occasioned by the convexity of the water between the eye and the object; for, otherwise, the largest and most conspicuous part would be visible the longest. Another proof of the globular form of the Earth is taken from its shadow on the face of the Moon, in the time of an eclipse ;for, as the Moon has no light but what she receives from the Sun, and the Earth being interposed between them, during the eclipse, the Moon must be obscured, either totally or in part. And since in every lunar eclipse which is not total, the obscure part always appears to be bounded by a circular line, the Earth itself must be spherical ; it being evident, that nothing but a spherical body can, in all situations, cast a circular shadow. The unevenness of the surface of the Earth, caused by mountains and valleys, does not afford an objectioa 4 ■ VHI' INTnOBUCIilON. to iu b«ii|iK vaiuikluciiilas u cit'CMlarluxiv ; for the most lofty mountuiiu^ bt'ur Ie8» proportion to U)u vast uuigoiMultf oi tliu lilartli, ttiun tliu ttmull rising! oii tlio coat of an oranutj doi to th«i oiangu ittitlf, or u gmio ofsund to an artifi- cial globe of a-i^vA>»A^iaiuetc>r. Acconliiigly, wo find that tlio^o tritliiigpro- tubeianccs oicusioo no irregularities in theBhudou' of the Eurth, during tho tiiueod'u lunar *;cli|>«c. On the contrary, its circmnference appears to be even and rogulur, n^ if cA-st by a body perfectly globular. It has been demon* strated, howevw, thiit tU*} earth is not a perfect globe. M. Hieh^r, in avoy^ ag« to Cayeuue, neai' the rqiiutor, in ioj'it found that the peiululimi of his clock did iM)t umki^its vibrations so frequent iis in the latitude of Paris, and that it was absolutely nec^'ssary to i»h^>rtxM) it by a line and a (juarter, a little mere than the elcvqnth part of a Pari^ inch, in order to make it agree with the times of the stars pa^ising the meridian. A pemluhmi, like any other fall- ing body, is aoted upon by the force of gravity ; and, in consequence of Richer'adiBCOvery,( which Iia* been since conHrmed by re[)eated experi- ments) it was observed, that sinfue the g.avity of bodies is by so nuicli the less powerful ns those bodiea are further removed from the centro of the Earth, the region of t]>e equator must be absolutely much more elevated than that of Franqe; and that, therefore, the.Hgure of the earth could not be that of a sphere. Newton, antl Huygens were the first who perceivetl the exten- sive apulicat^gi^tp^ivhich thiskdiscovery was capable; a^ d the first of these greal.pi^ilosophers had before found, by n)atheuiatical calculations of the act tion of gravity on a revolving sphere, that the earth must be flatted toward the poles ; which hypothesis was fully confirmed by the mensuration of a de- gree in Lapland ami France, from which it appeared that the polar diameter of ^he earth is to tljc equatorial as 229 is to 2'JO; or that the regions of thu equator are elevatejd.about thirty-five miles more than at those of the poles ; and that the truejigure of the Earth, consequently, Avas that of an oblate Bpheriod, or a I)ody nearly resembling an orange. 4. INIahs is distant from the Sim 14 5,01-1,000 miles. He moves at the rate of 55,000 miles an hour, and completes his revolution round the Sun in little less than two of our years. His diameter is5,l>'50 miles; and his diurnal ro- tat[on on his axis is performed in twenty-four hours and thirty-nine minutes. He sometimes apoears gibbous, but.nevor horned, Ijke the Moon: which evidently demonstrates, that his orbit includes that of the Earth, and that he shines not by any native light. This planet is diversified with spots like the M«6h; and from his ruddy and obscure appearance, as well ns froni other circViinstahces, it is concluded, that his atmosphere is nearly of the same density with tha^ of the Earth. i i 5. JuiMTEK, t'h'e largest of all the 'planets, is distant from the Sm^ 494,990,000 miles. He moves at the rate of 29,000 miles an hour, and com- pletes his annual' ^evolution in something less than twelve of 6ur years. His diameter is 94,100 miles; and, by a prodigious rapid motion on his axis, he performs his dltirnol rotation in nine hours and fifty-six minutes. The tele- scopic appearance of this planet aflFoixls a vast field for the curious inquirer. It is surrounded by several faint substances, resembling bolts or bands, which are parallel to the plane of its orbit. They are not regular or constant in their appearance : for sometimes one only is to be seen, and sometimes five ; and, in the latter case, two of them have ibeen known to disappear during the time of observation. When their number is most co«isideral)}e, one or more dark Bp6ts are fireqiiently formed between the belts^ whitih increase tiH the whole is united ih one large dusky band^ Hhis^planet is also diversified with a number of large spots, which are on the brightest parts of the surface; but, like the belts, they are subject to various mutations, both inslheir figure and period^. It haKlieqAconjec^red that tliese belts are seas, and that tl^esv /aria-* I Beside planets, s their mot maries do the four s that atten appearanc by the ref The M conspicuo progress t en* motio miles; he times less formed e> evident fn her montl cern a ni continent! thesis of p asperities valleys an she is a b ituiiK4 bt'ur risingi ou ) an nrtiB- 'iHiii^pro' J u ring the to be even in dunion* ', in a voy-f liuii of Ills l*ari8, and ur, a little igi'ec with other fall- jucncu of d cxperi- nuidi the tro of the ated than ot be that he ex^en- t of these [)t' tiie ac^ id toward I of a de* diameter ins of tho lie poles ; m oblate the rate in little Lirnal ro- minutes. which xm\ that )ots like s from of the ne Su!) coni- s. His xis, he le tele- quirer, which tant in sfive; ng the more ■ill the with ;but, eand l/ari^-p INTRODUCTION. IX tlguti obsci-vcd, both in them and the spot!*, are occasioned by tides, wliicli \\rc. differently affecti'd, nccnrding to the position of his nmoitH. These moons or «atollitei«, which are four in number, were discovered by (ialileo, in iQio, Hoon after the invention of the telescope; but tbe belts were not discovered till near twenty years after. (). JSatuiin is p07,9'Jl)i(XK) miki from the Sun ; and, by travelling at the rate ol' 22,001) miles an hour, performs his annual circuit round that luminary in about twenty-nine antl a half of our years. His diameter \» 77,990 miles ; and he is surrounded by belts, like Jupiter, by observations on which Dr, Herschel determined, in January 1 794, that bis diurnal rotation is performed in ten hours and sixteen minutes. Saturn is observed to be attended by seven satellites. Of these, live were discovered in the 17th century; and the other two were first observed by Dr. Hcrschel, in 1/88. A magnificent luminous ring encompasses this planet, at such a distance, that several of the stars may frenuently be seen between the inward surface of the ring and the body of the planet ; its distance from which is equal to its breadth, which is 21,000 miles. This ring was discovered by Huygens, about the year 1655, 7. The GEouorAN, the most remote planet in our system, had escaped the ohservation of every astronomer, as a planet, till the l3th of March 178I, when it was ascertained to be a planet by Mr. Herschel, at Bath, who gave it the name of Gcorgium Sidiis^ as a mark of respect to Iii« present majesty. J-'oreign astronomers, however, call it by the name of the discoverer. Its dis- tance from the Sun is 1,816,455,000 miles, which is nineteen times greater than that of the Earth. Its diameter is 35,220 miles; and it revolves round the Sun, at the rate of 7000 miles an hour, in about 82 years. It shines with a faint steady light, somewhat paler and fainter thj^n Jupiter ; but its appa- rent diameter bein^^ only about four seconds, it can only be seen by the naked eye in a clear n^ht, when thp Moon is absent. Six satellites attend- ing upon it, have since been discovered. The Secondary Planets, Beside the primary planets there are eighteen others, called secondary , planets, satellites, or moons, which regard their primaries as centres of their motions, and revolve round them in the same manner as those pri- , maries do round the Sun ; namely, the Moon, which attends our Earth ; the four satellites of Jupiter ; the seven that belong to Saturn ; and the six that attend the Georgian. From the continual change of their phases or appearance?, it is evident that these also are opaque bodies, and shine only by the reflection of the light which they receive from the Sun. The Moon, which is the constant attendant of our globe, is the most conspicuous of these satellites. She accompanies the Earth in its atmual progress through the heavens, and revolves round it continually by a differ- en* motion, in the space of a month. The diameter of the Moon is 2180 miles ; her distance from the Earth 240,000 miles ; and, in bulk, s'". is sixty times less than the Earth. The rotation of the Moon on her a^is is per- formed exactly in the same time that she moves once round the Earth, as is evident from her always presenting the same face to us during the whole of her monthly revolution. On viewmg the Moon w ith the naked eye, we dis- cern a number of snots, which imagination naturally supposes to be seas, continents, and the like; but on viewing her through a telescope, the hypo- thesis of planetary worlds receives additional confirmation. Vast cavities and asperities are observed upon various parts of her surface, exactly resembling valleys and mountains; and every other appearance seems to indicate, that she is a body of the same< nature with the Earth. Dr. Herschel, the supe^ 9 X INTUOUUCTION. riority of who»o teloscopHS i« util known, lias htatcil, in the IMilIosophical Tran.suctidiiH for 17M7, liis ohscrvufi'xis on tlirtr ililli-n rl volcinios in tlit Moon. Several nstionoincrs havt; p;iven cxncl ni;<{)> ol'lln Moon, with tho ligiire of every spot, ns it uppeurs throituii the best teiescopex, distinguihliing eiuh of them hy n proper niune. One of the most rein?ik«hle eircinn.Jtuneesi attcndin}^ the Moon, is the continual change of lignre lo whicli 'n^v is sub- ject; uhile that half of her which is towaal the Nun is illuminect, the other half is (lark and invisible. Nence she disappears when she eome'< between the Karth and the iSunj because her dark side is then toward ns. Wlien she is gone somewhat forward, we see a little of her etilij;htened side, which still increases to our view us she ailvances, until she comes t«» be opposite the Sun, when her entire enlightened side is toward the fclarth, and she appears with a full illumined orb, which we call the lull Moon ; her dark side beiiig then turned away from tho Miirth. I'Voin the full she decreases j^raduallv as she T.roceeds through the other half of her courbc; showing us less and less of lier bright side, every day, till hernext change or conjunction with the Sun, and then she disappears as before, 'i'hese diHerent appearances of the Moon, \vhich we call her phasey, are sullicient to demonstrate, that she thines not by any light of lier own ; for, otherwise, as her form is si)herical, we should always behold her, like the Sun, with a full orb. There are other pheno- mena of the Moon, the discussions of which, in this cursory view, would bo too intricate to ailmit of a popular illustration. We shall, therefore, only observe further, that of all the celestial orbs, this satellite, next to the Sun, hai tl ^ most beneficial inHuence on our gl.obe. ll<»w cheerless and uncom- fortable would be our nights, but for the constant returns of light, which this our inseparable companion dis[)en..'.'3 in such agreeable vicisf.iuide ! How highly useful are even her eclipses, in our astrononucal, geograi)hical, and chronological computations ! How salutary is her attractive influence, which swells the tides, perpetuates the regula- returns of ebb and flow, and thus tends not only to preserve the liquid element itself from putrefaction, but the surroi'.nding continents, in course, from infection and di:>case ! The Cornels. Comets are solid opaque bodies, of different magnitudes, like the planets. Their numb(!r is unknown; but they have been found to moveround the Sun, and to cross the orbits of the planets in all manner of directions. They are principally distinguished from the planets by a long transparent train or tail of light, which extends fron? the side that is furthest from the Sun. 1'hu orbits in which these vast bodies move are exceedingly long ovals, or very eccentric ellipses, of such amazing circumferenceSj that in some part of their circuit through the heavens they approach so near the Sun, as to be almost vitrified by his beat, and then go off again into the regioms of infinite space, to such immense distances, as to be totally deprived of the light and heat which the rest of the planets receive from that luminary. The paths which they describe, and the laws to which they are subject, have been explained by Newton. Their revol. tions are governed throughout by the same law, of describing equal areas in equal tines, which is known to regulate the motions of all the other bodies in the system. i ihilr r. with til tcniplaj struck n'l-nt, The Fixed Stars. What a magnific .t idea of the Creator and his works is presented in this account of the solar system I In the centre is placed the Sun, a stupendous body of fire, around whose orb, the planets, satellites, and comets, perform 'Iiiiosophical cinioM in tlic ><>ii, uitli tlio istingtiihiiinu; ircuiii.'tiitu'i's ii xi'f ih sub- ft, thf OtIuT iic'^ hetwceii >. When sIjo 1% which still hifu the Sun, ippears with ; hv-ing then i'liiily a^ iihu s and less of ith the Sun, )aheMoon, C! tihines not I, we should ther j)heno- V, would bo lefore, only to the Sun, iind unconi- , which this iide ! How ogiaphical, influence, jid How, and itrelaction, icase I |lie planets. d the Sun, They are ain or tail jun. The :•, or very irt of their Ibe almost |ite space, and heat ths which explained [ame law, lulate the 2d in this bpendous perform INTROnUCTION. sl llu'lr rovolutioivs with nn cxurlncss ;nd rcqularity which mu't Till the mind with the nuHt »ul)liiiit' conceptions of tin ir divine origin. W Iio cun con- tenjplute llie .iui{;mlnde'< nnd dirtiUic's of those \'aM. bi)di<'s and not O..' struck with the womlei-H ot'Onniipotcncc ! Hut what must be our astonislu ipcnt, wlicti inlornifMl, that this (;lori(»..s system is only ;i small part of the luuversc, imd tli.it it it w<'re utterly annihilated, it would be niisHcd no more, by an eye tlint conid take in llie whole crention, tlian a jjrain of sand on the seashore. To ic'ni sonu' idea, th re'orc, lio\\ever iniperl'.'ct, of the extent of the univ< rse, and the more clorions works of trealion, we niu^t extend our views to thoie numerous and sjileudid orbs, which are extended far beyond tlie bounds of our solar .sj^teni. The lixed stars are distingui-ilu d from the planets by being more lumi- nous, and by continually exliiluting tli;it appearance which we eill the twinkling of the stars. This arises, probably, from tiwir appearing so ex- tremely cniall, that the interposition of any very minute substaiuc (of nhich there are many constantly iloating in our atnujsphere) deprives us of thu sight ol" them ; but ns the interposed body instantly changes its place, wc again see the star; and this riuceession l)eit\g perpetual, occasions tlie twink- ling. Hut a more remarkable property of the hxed slins (and from which they obtain their nante ) is their ir-v-m- clianging their situation with regard to each other, as the planets do; for although the rotation of the Earth, on its axis, occasions an apparent diurnal motion of the whole frame of the heavens, in n contrary direction, yet any two tixef these stars are so far from benefiting us, that they cannot be seen without c ^ XII INT ffODITCTION. tr u ttli-'stopc ; ami lljcrc iiro inimmeiabW othor.s which the oyt, even by tha uiil t thut iiwtruuicut» can uuvcr rvacU. We hnw already iiili imtod, that there is an incunceiv*bl« number of »um. »yiitemH, uiul worUN, iliitj>er«cd throU|.5h inbnite t<|)uco 5 insoimich tliut our Holnr system, c(mi[)areil with tha \s\uik, uppearH but ai an ut«>n», and in alimwt loRt in tlio iniinen«ity of tho crcution. The (ieorgian phuiet, nuvcrtheleKH, revolves at the dUranco of tth<»vc i,y(.H),UO0|tXK) niilt'H iVoni the »\w, and tionio ot'the conietH make ax- cursioiik 01' many millions of niilett beyond thiv ; and vet, at tliat nftonitthinfr diHtance, they an; incomparably nearer to Uie (Sun than to any other fixed star ; a^ is eviduiiit from tlieir keeping cloar of the attraction of tine atara, and returning periodically by virtuo of that of the Sun. It cannot bo imagined, thevofore, that thu omnipotent Creator, who octs with infinite wimonn, and never acts in vain, ahould have created so many glorious suniif fitted for HO many impurtunt purpoueii, and plarcd ut such distances fVoin each other, witJiout suitable objects sufficiently near thi.>ni to be bencfit«(4 by their influence. On tho contrary, it is reasonable to conclude, that they wore created for thu same purposes with our Sun ; to btintow light, heat, and vegetation, on u certain number of planets revolving round them. And from analogy we may infer, that all these innumcrabiu systems are with equal wisdont contrived for the acconmiodation of rational inhabitants! |>erhapB of still higher ord#rs of intelligent beings, all capable, in the dift ferent scales of existence, of a perpetual progr.ession in knowledge and virtue, in perfection and felicity. , ., >"t t< r._L ill! mo'ii"'"' ' '•' • ' ■ ' ■ ' lnir,o,>K DESniUPTION of the ARTIFICIAL SPHERE. On the convex part of the terrestrial globe, which k au artificial epliericul . body, is represented the whole world, as it consists of land and wotsr. Tho circumference of the globe is divided into 300 degrees, every degree con* mining do. gcpgraphicul miles; conse(|uently the globe is 21,d00 such miles round : but as these geographic miles are each about tig lu'iles and a half I^qgliiih measure, the circuit of the globe is therefore 25,02 > English miles. The circles represented on the globe are, 1 . The Equator, and the circles parallel to itj 2. The Meridian, and the rest of the meridional lines; 3. Th« Horizon; 4. The Ecliptic; 5. The twoTr«pics; and 6. The two Polar Circle^. The Mqualor, or Kquitioctiiilt is a great circle, ninety degrees distant from the poles of the world, and so named, because it divides the world into two equal parts ; that in which the arctic pole is found, i^: called the northern half; and that in which the antarctic pole is placed, is the southern half. It is divided into 3C'0 decrees, or 180 degrees east, arid the same west, vrom the first meridian, winch on English, globes passes through London; and its principal use is to show the longitude of any place east or west, from such' first meridian. When the Sun is in this circle, there is an equality of days and nights all over the world ; hence these points are called the equinoxes. The Meridian is a great circle, supposed to pass through the poles of. the world and those 01 the horizon, cutting the sphere into two equal parts, the one oriental, and the other occidental. It also passes through the zenith and nadir in every place, and cuts the horizon at right angles. It is called the Meridian, because it marks half the space of time during which the Sun and the stars appear above the horizon. As there is an infinite number of zeniths and horizons, the number of Meridians is also infini^ ; for the M^* rriViftJ V " .'vcn by ih« imtod, thaf , iliitperacd L'd with the iflity of tho (iMtunce of » make :)x» iiftoniKliiiiff uthur Hxeu tJtu lUurt, cunnot bo ith infinite r.'ou8 8unii> iiux's from ! buncHt^ ) that they ight, heat, hem. And H arc with huhituntst ill the (lifT ledge an4 pliericul itsr. Thtj ;ree conv uch miles nd a half sh miles, c circles 3. The ■o Polar INTilODUCTION. xili /oil I IH- »:f I /I ridlftn in ch.ingcil, nn wcl' an ihv zonith nnd horizon, every Mop we tako toward the eaat or wiHt ; but it' wo [tAn» in a riuht line northward or south- ward, we utill continue under the mune IMcridiim, though we consfimtly chanfe the /.enith nnd hori/on. However, geojrniphers only reckon HrtO Mtfridlnnn. which are rtU|»|>0Hed t«» jmus through every de^'ree of th«' enui- noctial. It huH hren eu*.tiihnHh a Kirst Meridian; tl.> .ifi^h thi« iH altogether arhitrnrys Ptolemy placed it at tin; inland of Ferro, which \* the inosi western of the I'aniiricM ; hut the common nu lliod, nt present, iu for every geoj-rnpher to make thi- Meridian of the capital of hit ComUry the First Nleridiau ; and, accordin|,'ly, tlii« lonyitiides of this Die*' tionary nre reckoned eawt or west from the Meridian of London or (Jreen* wich. The use of the lirann Meridian of a jj;lohe, is to show when it is noon or midnight at the pl;u-e to which it in applied; and hKso to fmd the latitude of places, north or south, from the e(|uator. '" ' * Thi' lu/iplic is a great circle, that «;utN the e(piator obliquely, and repre- sents that patii in the heavens, which the Sun seems to describe by the Earth's annual cor se lound it. It is divided into I'i partH, called Higni, and each of those into 30 more, called degreis, corrcApcmdihg to the 12 months, and the days of the inimth. The Horizon is a great circle that divides the world into two equal parts or hemispheres, of which one ij superior and visible, nnd the other inferior and invisible. When the Sun is above this circle it is then dav, and when it is sunk 18 degrees beneath it, night then commences. I1us circle is of ivood, and the brass meridian is enclosed therein with aM the rest of the sphere : it is also immoveable, and on it are marked the degrees of the 13 signs of the ecliptic, aiul the days of the 12 months of the year. The Tropics are two small circles parallel to tlie equinoctial, described by the first pomts of the first degrees of the signs termed Cancer and Capricorn, that is when they touch the ecliptic. They are distant from the equinoctial very near 23 degrees and a half. The Sun describes these tropics about the 2i8t day-of Jime, and the 21st day of December. When he touclies the Tropic of Cancer, he makes the longest day for the inhabitants between the equator and the north pole; and when he comes to the beginning of Capri- corn, be makes the longest day for the people between the equator and the south pole. On the contrary, the s'lortest day to the former will be when the Sun touches the Tropic of Capricorn, and to the latter when he comes to the Tropic of Cancer. For this reason, those points are called the winter and the summer Tropics, or the southern and northern ; and they are as it ; were the two barriers, beyond which the Sun never passes. '• The Polar Circles are distinguished by the names of the arctic and anta^c^- ^ tie, or the north and the south, and the circles parallel to the equinoctial,' They are termed Polar, because they are near the poles of the world, bpinff only 23 degrees and a half from each pole. ' .' ' The Map of the Worlds at the beginning of this book, represents fke globe, taken out of its horizon, cut through, turned up, and squeezed flat. The circles bounding the projection, represent the brass meridian ; and the curve lines runnJ-'g across, at every 10 degrees, show the latitude, north or south, from the equator. The top and bottom are the north and south poles; and the curve lines uniting them are the other meridians on the globe, whidi are drawn at efery 10 degrees on the equator, and show the longitude, east' or west, from Ae meridian of Greenwicti or London. The equator or eoui-' ' noctial is the straight line running across the meridians exactly in the niiddie^'^ The tropics and polar circles are delineated at their proper distances on ^^cH ' (iiide toward the tiortb and Booth; > ...i\i.- - • ... . .. ^., :\\ uiu '■ ] • 1 . c.;«t;/.LnjI/I lo ijU0iun adj ,'inoxnori Liia aiUurji xly INTKODIKTIOV. O/'thf Xoneu Till' /tt in ai-f Hvu Itnunl Kpuifa i>iionin|Nuutiti^ tittf globe, luul uru (liatli1<* guiMhcd cliii'My by tlio lcni|K'r. >rar to nil tlult inliubil it. Tliis lircli; i* uboiit 47
  • ^;roi'N broail. I'lii' t'v » tiMn|)t>ratt> 'Aotwn nrc nociilinl iVoni tliuir lyin;; bcturrn (lie tui t-xtrinni'H o' liral and coKI, vi/,. butwi-cn llit' torriil i^onc and flic (Vi^iil /imu'<«, tin' one bi'in^ lailctl llio NortluTii tt'in|ii'rali' Zoni", and tin; otluT tin* S'- ••'••••ni tL'in|)c'i'ati' Zoni'. I'liiic iirc both 4.i tlc- grci« liro.id. Ol'tlic „iil /oiivm, ibc onu hik tiin|mriMCM tbu iirclic or noitli poll', and cxti'intri to tliu iliMtanci; oi* V3 digrcci* and » lialf i'roni it ; and till- (itlictj llic aiitai'ctic ur •uuib poll-, to tlic mnxc dintuncu. Oflfir Climalat, A Climnlc U a mwcc of the Kartli con»i)»i.licndi'd between tu'o paraililn, nt till end orHliii-li the len^'tli oftho lun^'i.-ist day^ arc inereaxed hall' an bom in the Hiinnnir Hia>()n. The bett need only subNtrael 12 from the number, and there will roninin tour; ihcn multiply this by two, and you will have eight, which is the Cliinate uf London. The itame may be done tor any other Climate. Of the Points of the Compass, The Farth may be considered, with regard to the four cardinal I'oints, U'liich are the north, south, east, and went; and all the points included be- tween them may have respii t to a pavtieular place. \\y this means we know the situation of the ditferent countries of the world, with regard to each other ; for !^)n)e are oriental or toward the east, with regard to those that are occidental, or lie westerly of them. Thus Ireland is to the west of England, J'oland is to the east of Gciinany, and Africa is to the south of Europe. We may easily distinguish the points that lie between those that are cardinal: thus, though Spain is to the south of France, yet if likewise lies to the westward thereof; but as they do not lie exactly south or west of each other, Sjiain may be said to lie southwest of France ; and for the Mmc reason, on the contrary, France will be northeast with regard to Spain. The like may be said of any two other countries. ()/' ihc Tcnus used in (Jeograph//, The word (!io'np/ii/ comes from the (ircek, and signifies a description of the Earth, liy the l-larth is meant the terraqueous globe, composed of land and water; and it is commonly called the terrestrial globe. Chorographi/ is the description of a [larticular region, as a province or county. Topographif is the description of a particular place, as a town and the like'. JIij(iro;^raphi/ in a description of the water, as oceans, seas, and lakes. 'i he Earth may be represented either in the wliole, or in part, by geo- graphical charts or maps, which may be reduced to two kinds ; namely, prnrrnl i\n| iduninphet-j liiMefeil 1)1 whicli de-ij Hlld I'Vl-ll be called || •nore prop! tbrdithire i| lliit noti plohc, beej make one there i* a i| (ieognul •onie of \i ll A Cuntii not separ.it An l»l(iii A J'i'iin neck ol' fhJ |)eninsula «l An h(/'] to the laiii A Proni'l inonly callil \;inced parf Hope is a i An Oceai 8i()erablc ps A .SV« is a* the Medl called the s said to com A Chanii or between A Ciut/i it coimnuni and yet th and ilie IM of \'enice. A I>ai/ i the entrun has a wide than some acknowled A Creek A Jioad where vesi A Si rail ix gulf; su tween the A La/ic municntio and prope veral othe INTUUDIICTIOM. sv art) (lUti'nt untitiiu fill "••ivo llUIlt, lift ciri'lc i.i Ironi tlivir flu! torrid U'm|K'rati' >tli 43 (Ic- ! arclif or f from it ; pnrallcN, li an lioui oliNcrvc, Durs, and « of tncli tor tlioru in nil, on iH, by ob- ivsarc 1 6 Jiere will winch is mate. I Points, ulcd be- c know to cuch ohc that west ol" >uth of >se that kewise or west or the Spain, tfon of )f land I/;//;/ is >'(iplii/ laplitt iiitJy, I prncrnl and pnrtiriilar. Anion;^ llii* formrr ia the map of \\\c world, or ilaniitplii'rr, which whowa lliu two NurtiU'fH of the whole tcrreotriiil ;{loht>, )ii)i'cffd liy thi* uii'ridi.ni piitNin^ through the cipiinoxeN ; \\% aUo tlie Mia|)4 nliicli do4i-nhi* humu' principal part of the ((lolu*, ttich an I'.nropc, or A»ia; Hnd evi-n kin^iloniN, (ui Spain, or (irciit Ihitain. However, thoMC maps may be called particular, which rrprevriit any piirticniur country; hut they aru *«ore properly hiuIi which exhibit only a part, ax (iaiieiu in Spain, or Stuf* IbrdMliire in I'ai^l.uid. Hut nothing can f(ive u better or more uoneral idei of tlie I'nrth than n plobc, beeaiue it i« of the Hinne i«hape anil fl^nrc ; vet ns it \* inipoNoiblu to make one hir^e eiiuii^'h lo show every part of the liuid ami Mca distinctly, there in a nei;eititity of having reeoiu'Me to ucneral and particular niap<(. (ieo^'raphy, im well an other artn and sciences, has terniM proper tu itaelf; •onie of nhiih have relation lo tlu> land, and others to tliu water. A (vntiutiit ii a lar^^u part of land tliat comprehends several countrlci not nepar.ited hy any sea : ihm lanopc is a continent. An It/timJ, ov A./c, i* a portion ot'land entirely Kiirroimdrd hy water. A Pniinsu/ii is a ipiantity of land that is jdincd to a continent oidy by a neck uf the same, it bciii;; every nhere else eneinnpa^stied by water: an the puninsiula of (!riinea. An Istlnunx^ or neck of land, is (hut part by which a peninsula is joined to the lainl ; as the isthmus of Darieii. A Pri>nii)iitnrif\>\ a hifi:h part of laiul that projects into the se.i; it in eoni« inonly calU'd u i!ape, when it appears like a mountain ; hut when the ad- vanced part has little elevation, it is termed u Point: llnu the Cape of (iood Hope JH a nnmntuinoe ' promontory. An Ocean \» u lar^'c collection of waters bordering; or surrounding a con- siderable part of a continent; such \\% the Atlantic and lndi;ni ()c(>ans. A Sat is a funaller collection of waters, when understijoil in a strict sense, a* the Mediterranean Sea; but, in general, every part of the ocean may bo called the sea ; and it is still more generui, when '''c terra(pieou.s globe in faid to consist ol'sea and laiul. A Channel it» a narrow sea, conlined between n.i island and a continent, or between two islaiulH ; as the English Chamiel aiu' St. (jeorge Chaimel. A Ciul/"iH u part of the sea surrounded by lai\d, except in one part where it communicules with the ocean; as the Gulf of IJengal, the (Jidf of Florida; nnd yet these are more properly seas than the Mediterranean, the IJaliic, aiul the niack Seas, which, properly speaking, are gulfs, a«i well us the (Julf of" \'ci\ice. A ISai/ is said lo differ iVotn n gulf oidy in being less, and more narrow at the entrance than within ; but this in many instances is in)t true: for u bay has a wider entrance in proportion than a gulf, and it may be also larger than some gulfs; as, for instin ;e, the Bay of Biscay; though it nuiist be acknowledged that bays in general are much smaller. A Creek is a small inlet of the sea, and always nmch less than a bay. A Jtoad is a place upon any coast where there is good anchorage, nnd where vessels, in some sense, are sheltered from the wind. A Sbait is a narrow passage which joins two seas, two gulfs, or a sea and a gulf; such as ttj Sound, near the Baltic; and the Strait of Gibraltar, be- tween the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. A Lake is a large expanse of water surrounded by land, having no com- munication with the sea, except by a river. Thus the (aspian Sea is truly and properly a lake. Smaller lakes are those of Ladoga, (lentv;!, and se- veral others. Ml INTHOIXICirOI*. a^ 4 p! '« I Detfr^/ilioH 11/ rt \trtp, ITic lop ofmiwt mixlrrn Map U roniiilcnvl na ihr north, »hc hotinm f« the «»u«li, llii" riylit hiimi ii« llu' i»wl, tuul tlir l«U hand ux the Hmi. In oltl intp*, wiMrc thii riiU* i» not nlHuyt itrittly IoIIowimI, a Howi r ilr liur i« jri<. livrally pluctMl on itouu' putt of it, poiniin^ lowiird thu iiiirlh, by which the othiT point* iiri* t'Huily kiiovui. On ihc top «»f' ihf niiip, hrtw«'«'n tlic uiiirjfhuil hia'«, arc pFucr<1 the xrvcrni ^\f^urvl^, whit 11 tlnmr thv number nl ili kiih-h oC ciuli'rn or Wf«ti'rn htngilmlr of every pliico, ihut in «lin (tly iirnU i iIhmc liKuri'^, i'roni thi- tiriti nicritbtin, which 111 mo«lt'rn Uriiinh nulpn ii» the royiil ohMTVutiiry at (irrfimiih, nfju- Loiuior). At thi' bnttnni of nioMt nitipH iiru phictd thi* nuuic tl^iirt h uh thoao •t thi* top: but ill iiiiipn of the boMt Nort, iiiMtiiul of th'^ni an' plactd the numbor of houm or nunufc* ivory nhuc in it hi'>i dixtant, i'H«.t orwi^t, from ita chief town or (imf iiKridiun. I or inntuiici", • very phuT which in lituuto one di'grt'ti ua«t fVoni another, Mill appear to have the Sun /o/o ininutcrt of time 6^'urr it ; ami any one phiec, Hitiiale one dej^ree went of aiiotlu-r, will appear to have thr Sun/imr niinuteH of tinu> ii/ier it. A^ain, u place Mituato mlecn deureei eai^t of (irecnwich, a« NaplcM, will appear to have the Sun cnr conipKite hour lnj'orr u« at London ; and a place Hitiiate firtreii degree* WTst of (ireenvvich, hh the ihland of Madeira, will appear to have the Sun CMC hour (i/lrr un at London. On the right and left hand of every map, lietwecii the marginal lines, aro placed Hgurcfl that ithow the number of degreex, either iiortii or Houth lati- tude, which every place parallel with them in distant from the equator. TliuB London it lituute .)1 degrecH :k) minuter of north latitude ; that is, it is to niJiny dcgreet and minutes north from the eipiulor. Over mo»t mups arO drawn linei from the top to the bottom, and from the right hand to (he letl; tho!*e which run from the top to the bottom are linex of longitude, and tho»e wl. I'll ci'iiM them, lines of latitude; but tlicst* urc HomctiiiieH omitted, when mnp lit too full to admit them. Kntgdomt or jtroviiurs ore divided from cacli otiicr by u row of single pointii, ond they are oHen stained with diH'erent colours. Ciliis or ^i rut towns are mide like HUiall huuscii, with a little circle in the middle of them; but smaller toxuns or vil/afrcs are marked only w ith little circles. Mountdint arc imitated in the form of little rising hillockM; und/?>m/vare represented by a number of little trees. The names lA'vUlaires are written in u running hand, those o( tmvns in u Ronuui character, thoMC ofcilirs in Hniall capitals, and thone of provinces in large capitals. The sea is generally h'ft as an empty space on the map, except where there are rocks. Hands, or shelves, currents of water or wind. Rncix are Hcnnethnes made in maps like little pointed things sticking up sharp in the sea. Sands or shelves are denoted by a great number of tittle points placed in the form of those snnds, as they have been found to lie in the ocean, by sounding the depths. Currents of tvatcr are described by several long parallel crooked stnrkes, imitating s current. The course of tviuds is represented by arrows, with the heads pointing out the directiou in whicn the wind blows. Srnu/l rivers are described by a single curved line representing their course, and increasing in thickness as they flow ; and /nrr^e rivers by such double and treble lines made strong and black. Uridgt.s urc distinguished by a double line acru^sS the rivers. Gl "*' water Dummcl, Ati, A riv| Zwitll, 4IU H^lfclt. An,» rivtl nc.ir Munil flown Into tl .-/ti %HN»ttr' GENERAL GAZETTEER > -• f OH, tOMIM.NDlOUS a K OG II A P inc A L D ICTIO>T A RY. A A n /^/l, a river of I>ntth Hnh.inf, which •* * watffA llrltnnnt, nml joiiii tf»c Uommcl, nt.\T nnii k I)iu' >4^i, n river of tioll.-iiul, wliii li wiirri Zwoll, and cnli-rt tUu Vccht, uppolite >l.(irclt. //rt,a river of Wcftphnli.i, which rlfca iH-u Manlier, waters that city, and flown into th«> Embi. .Ill, n riv«'r of Fr.inrc, which rifi-n in the (Icpartmcnt of Sommr, hccormrn iitvigabic near St- Omer, mid enteri thi; German ocean at Gravclini. All, a river of C'uurland, which rifei in Samojiti.1, and flows into the gulf of Rilf.!. -'/rt, a rivor of SwifTerland, which rifi'S in ihe valley of Kngclberg, crofTfs ITn- dcrwnlden, and flows into the Wald- ftadter See. Near the abbey of Engel* berg, it has a noble cataraifl. Jluhtijt a town of Weltphali.n, in the principality of Munfter, on the river Aa, li m Nw Coesfcld. Join Charain, a village 6 m from J«'riifa!em, faid to be the place where Z icharias lived. It is frequented by pilgrims ; and near it there is a large convent, with a fplendid altar that is faid to ftand on the fpot where John the baptilt was born. Aalen^ a town of Suabia, featcd on the Kocher, 40 m nw Augfburg. Aar, a river of SwifTerland, which ifTiJcs from a lak<«, on the mount Grim- fel, to the E of St. Ooddard, flows through the lakes of Brentz and Thun to Bern, thence to Soleure, Arberg. and Bruck, below which it receives the Reufs and Limmat, and then enters the Rhine, below Zurzach. Aarberg ; fee Arhtrg X and for other words that frequently begin with Aa^ look under finglc A. . Aaronjhurg, a town of Pennfy Ivania, ABB In Nortliiimb#^and county, at tli«hea4 of Pcfin'« creek, 40 m w by M Sun- bury. Lon. 77 %x w,lat. 40 /ja w. Aba(h% a town of llavario* with a cit.u1el, fivrral Uum.in aiitic}uUiei, ami fume fiiif mini-rul fpriii^'t ; Ic.itcd uur the Danube, 7 m ssw K.iti(bon. Ahaio, or Lueauo, one of the Iirged of thu Haham.i ill.itids, lyinn; at the ic end of the I.itilr B.ihanii bank. It cnn* tntns great (|uantitics of various kinds of wood. Neirthc k point is Little Har« hour, which aHord'i good anchorage • Lon. 77 14 w, lat. a6 aa n. Ahukiinjkt a fortified town of Siberia* in tho government of Kolyvan. feated on the Abakan, 340 m isb Kolyvan* Lon. 91 R, lat. 54 jo n. Ahalakt a town of Siberia, famous fur an image of the virgin, vinted by a great number of pilgrims. Iti* i4msTobollk. Abantay, the capital of a province of the fame name, in Peru. The country produces fine fugar, hemp^ wheat, mai/e, and other grain, und the bret;(| of horned cattle is confidcrable ; it hat alfu cloth manufaiHtire!! and fllver mines. The town flands on a river of the fame name, over which is one of the largcit bridges in the kingdom. This place is memorable for the vi^oriea gained in its vicinity by the king's troops against Gonzalo Pi/arro, in 154a and 1^48. It is 60 tn sw Cufco. Lon. 7a a6 w, lat. 13 3i s. Abanoi a town of Italy, famous for its warm baths, 5 m sw Padua. Abiirarttr, a town of Armenia, feated on the Alengena, 20 m n Nakfivan. Abajiaiot a town of Siberia, on the river Ifchim, ia8 m s by e Tobollk. Lon. 69 o E, lat. 50 10 n. Abberfordt a town in W Yorkfhire, with a market on Wednefday, and a manufa Aure of pi ns. Here are tbe ruina B I I. \ \ \ i M 1 : ABE uf ail ancient caftlo. It is ftatcd on the rivtr Cook, 16 m sw Yoik, and 186 KNW London. AbbtviUe, a town of France, in the department of Sommt, on the river Somm«', which feparates the town into two parts. liere art manufaftures of uoollcn cloth, canvas, coarfc linen, and fo..p. It is aj m NW Amiens, and 60 s Calais. Lon. i 50 e, lat. 50 7 n. Mbey lieyle, &c ; fee Boyle, &c. Abhotpuryt a town in Dorfetftiire, with a market on Thurfday. Here was a fimousBenedititine abbey, many traces of wliich remain , and fome of the offices are yot entire. A mile w of the town is Strangeways caftle, where there is a large fwannery. Abbotfbury is feated near the fea, 7 m wsw Dorchefter, and 127 w by s London. Abbots L«ngley, a village in Hert- fordshire, 4 m Bw St. Alban, famous for being the birthplace of Nicholaii Ureakfpeare, who, under the name of Adrian iv, was the only Englilhman that ever became pope. Abb (St.) Head, a promontory on the B coaft of Scotland, 10 m nnw Bei- wick. The remains of a church and a caftle are ftill viHbleon its heights. Lon. a low, lat. 55 54 N. Abenrade ; fee Apenrade. Abenflxist a town and caftle of Bava- ria, on the river Abcns, near the Da- lube, 15 m ssw Ratifbon. Aberavon, a town of Wales, in Gla- morganftiire, which has copper and tin works; fcated at the mouth of the Avon, 6ms Neath, and 19a w Lon- don. Aberbrothoch, or Arhroathy a feaport and borough of Scotland, in Forfarlhire, at the mouth of the Brothock. The harbour is fmall, but commodious, and defended by a long pier and a battery. The chief exports are coal, lime, thread, barley, and wheat. Here are confider- able manufactures of canvas and brown linen, and the magnificent ruin 1 of an abbey. It is 48 m nne Edinburg. Lon. 2 33 w, lat. 56 3$ n. Aberconr moft diflioneft and flagitious people la the Kaft. Acheen is 1000 m se Madras. Lon. 95 34 E, lat. 5 22 N. Achleitett, a town of Auftria, on the Danube, 12 m ese Ens. Achmetchet ; fee Symtheropol. Achmimt a town of Egypt, the refi- dence of an emir, or prince of the country. It has manufaftures of coarfe crttons, and ftands on a fmail eminence, on the right bank of the Nile, 240 m s Cairo- Lon. 3 1 56 e, lat. 26 40 n. Acbonrj, a town of Irelandi in the 'i I; l.l/; n H"- Acn county of SHgo, and a biftiop's fcf unit- ed to killala It is feated un the Shan- non, irt m wsw Sligo. Aehflettettt a town of Suabia, 6 m n w Augiburg. Aehyr, a ftrong town and caftle of Ukraine, on thr river Uorflilo, 127 m E Kiof. Lon. 16 10 E, lat. 49 3a n. Arken, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Magdi»burg, with a cita- del ; fituate on the Elbe, 5 m nw Def- fau. AcomOf or St. Ejlevan de Acom», a town of New Mexico, with a ftrong caftle J feated on a mountain, by the river Pucrco, 90 m sw St. Ft*. Acnmagitas a town of C'hiii, capital of an inland province of the fame name, which ic rich in grain, fruit, lilver, and copper. The town, fomctimcs called St. Philip, ftands on the river Aconca- gua, 74 m NNE St, Jago- Lon. 69 46 vv, lat. 3a 10 s. AcqSi a town of France, in the de- partment of Arricge, on the river Ar- liege, 20 m sse Foix. Acquoi a town of Tufcany, noted for its warm baths, 13 m e Leghorn. Acquacknaci:, a town of New Jerfey, in EfFex county, on the w fide of the P,iflaic, 10 m KT Newark. Acguapendente, a town of Italy, in the teiritory of Orvieto, feated on a mountain, near the river Paglia, lo m w Orvieto. Aenuitria, a town or Italy, in Mo- dencfe, noted for its medicinal wa- ters, 13 fn s Modena. Aequaviva, a town of Naples, in Terra di Bari, 18 ms Bari. AcrOt a territory of Guinea, on the Gold coaft, fubjedt to the king of Aquambo. The town u of the fame name, and has a great trade in gold and flaves; and here fume European ftatei have forts and faftorics. Lon. o 20 k, 1.-*. 5 35 N- Acrfi or St. John d'Acre, a feaport of Syria, in Palcftine, and a bilhop's fee. It is the Ptolemais of the Greeks and Romans, and ftands on a plain at the n poiiit of a bay, which extends in a femicircle of 9 m to the i oint of Mount Carmel, near the mouth of the Kardanah, or ancient Belus. In the time of the crufades, it underwent fe- veral fieges ; and little is now to be seen of this ancient city, but the remains of monuments, and of a church dedicated to St. Andrew, or, as, fome think, St. John the baptift. The new city is dif- tant a mile from the ancient walls, and the fortifications are of little im- portaoce. The palace of the grand A 1) M mafter of the order of 8t. John of Jernfiilcm is the rcfultnce of the chief of Acre. Here are throe mofques, four churches, and a fynapogu'*. Its port has been at all times the key to Palef- tine, and though now a bad one, is bet- ter than any other along the coaft. The chief artic'es of commerce are cotton, cattle, corn, olives, and linfeed ; and rice brought from Egypt. In 17S9, great damage was done by an earth- quake; and the year following 5000 perfons, near one-third of the inhabit- .ints, died by the plague. In 1799, aided by the IJritifti under fir W. S. Smith, it vvithftood a fiege by the French under Bonaparte, who retreated after failing in a twelfth afTault, made over the putrid bodies of hi« foldiers. It is 24 m 8 Tyre, and 47 n Jerufalem. Lon. 35 20 E, lat. 3a 3» w. Acrott, a territory of Guinea, on the Gold coaft. The Dutch have a fort here called Patience- Lon. e aft k, lat. 5 10 N. Acroteri, a town of the ifland of San- torini, z m wsw Scauro. Acton-Burnel, a village 'n Shropfhire, 8ms Shrewfbury. Here are conflder- nble remains of a caftle, in which a par- liament was held in the reign of Ed- ward I. Adana, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Roum, capital of a fangiacate, and a biftiop'a fee, vvith a ftrong caftle. It has a trade in corn, wine, and fruit ; and is feated on a river of the fame name, iz m from the jMediterranean» and 150 ESE Cogni. Lon. 35 o k, lat. 37 2N. Adarf, or Addair, a town of Ireland) in the county of Limerick, feated on the Maig, II m sw Limerick. Adayes ; fee Mexicano- Adda, a river of Swiflerland, which rifcs in the canton of Grifons, runs through Valteline and the lake of Co- mo, by Lecco, and joins the Po, near Cremona. Adel, a kingdom of Ajan, about 400 ni in length, on the s fide of the ftrait of Babelmandel. It feldom rains here ; but the country is well watered by ri- vers, and abounds with wheat, millet, frankincenfe, and pepper. The inha- bitants are Mohamedans. The capital is Augagurel. Adelfors, a town of Sweden, in Smo- land, noted for its gold mines, fo m nw Calmar. Ad';», once a rich but now abandon-" cd feaport of Arabia Felix, lao m ese Mocha. Lon. 45 30 e, lat. la 36 n. Aderb'tjarit a province of PerGa> rkejr, in and a e. It fruit ; le fame lonJ |£SE rfia> wliich 1 , rnna f Co- 9 i , near It 400 ftrait here; V jy ri- lilltit, inha- pital r Imo- NW i.,Ai»*-V~ I' ,-'- HHr<« A F RICA FROM THK BEST AUTHORITIES. ot' Hiini^i riii T I A l^ ^;S1 E A"\ " <'oi'Hort\i ML'.MC i»«L* ^^ ^ '\ ••Vi ■ llitnuiui *^ ■ c'TX. ■,tl"*l''>\_ ^IJI^ _ Cunit a|.' jL ongitua rKaft. w ft«n Lfmkn M .ill I N k ^<:%>>l yh6Y>y, A ''V"* A JT *^ ADR Id'' • bounded on thu n by Armenia xnd Schirvan, w by the CifpiiM fc.i and Chil.in, s by Irak, and v\ by Ciirdif\;iii. It is nioiintainuui. but cuntAino nvinjr wcll-watcrcd vaules. and rrcUoiicd among the n\o(t productive pruvincea of Pt'i-na. Tabriz is the capital. .IJiiff, a river which rifi-s in the cm- ton o^ GriCons, enters Tyrol, and flows by Trent aniie of the branches of thft Tungcbadda, 175 m aw Hydrabad. i.on. 77 o K, l.it. 1$ 37 N. yidorft a town of Upper Saxony, in Voigtiaiul, fcated on the lilfter, 15 m NNW Egra. Ajour, a river of France, which rifes in the dcpaptmcnt of Upper Pyrenees, flows by Tarbes and Dax, and enters the bay of Bifcay, below Hayonne. AdrAt a feaport of Spain, in Gra- nada, with a ftrong citadel, 47 m sR Granada. Lon.3 7 w, lat. .16 45 n. ■Aflramiti, a town of AliaticTnrkey, in Natol on the Ecoafl of a gulf of its name, 70 m n by W Smyrna. L t\. a6 50 E, lat. j9 26 N. Adr'ia, a town of Italy, in PuU fino di Rovigo, which gives name to the Adri- atic fea, and was formerly of prcai note, but has been much rtduced by ftvqucnt inundations. It is ft yted on the Tar- taro, 35 m ssw Venii t . Adrianot a mountain of Spain, in Bifcay, over which is a very difficult road to Alba and Old Cjftile It is one of the higheftofthe Pyrenees; and i.s only inhabited by a few fliepiierds. Adrianople^ a city of European Tur- key, in Romania, the fee of an arch- biihop, and formerly the European feat of the Turkifh dominion. It is 8 m in circumference, fituate in the midft of a very extenfive and perfe6\ly level plain, on the river Marifla, which here receives two tributary ftreams. Several of the mofques are very fplendid, and the principal one has four minarets, faid to be the higheft in all Turkey. iMany of the houles are neat, but the ftreets are narrow and devious. The feraglio is feparated froni the city by the river Arda, and commands aii extenfive view AFR of the country, which is fertile, and fa- mous for excellent vines. The com- merce of the city by the river is confi- dirable. It is 130 m nw ('onRanti* nople. Lon. 36 47 ►:. lat. 4a 4 n. Adriatic Sen ; fee hnice, dulfof. Adventure Haft ^ l>Ay at the sk end of Van Di«'men land, fo c.dled from the fliip in which Captain Furneaux failed. Lon. 147 30 w, lat.4j aj a. Atrjhot, a town of the Netherland«, in Brubant, on the river Demur, 10 m b Mechlin. A/irhaniJlan, a country; of Afia, ftreiching from the mountains of Tar- tary to the Arabian fea, and from the Indus to the confines of Perlia. The inhabitants of this wide domain have no written cbaradler, and fpcak a language Eeculiar to themfelves. They arc a ro- ult, hardy race of men, and being gc> nerally addidted to a ftate of predatory warfare, their manners partake of a bar- barous infolence ; th< y avow a fixed contempt for the occupatiorj of civil life; and are cfteemed the mof. negli- gent of religious obfervances of all the Mohnmedani. Thtir common drefa confifts of a ihirt, which falls over the upper part of long and narrow trow- fer'i . a woullon veft, fitted clofcly to til • body, and rearhing to the midleg; ai)d a high turjied up cap, of broad cloth or cotton, ufually of one colour, and of a conic form, with two fmall parallel flits in the uppir edge of its facing. The principal cities are Can- daharand Cabul, the former of which \yas the capital ; but the late and pre- fent fultans have kept their court at Cabul. About the year 1730, an army of Afghans invaded Perfia, took Ifpa- han, and made the fultan HufTeyn pri- fon*. r. Tliey kept polTeflion of Ifpahan and the fouthern provinces for ten years, when they were defeated in fe- veral battles, and driven out of the country by Nadir Kuli, cor-monly known in Europe by the name of Kouli Khan. Atrcr Nadir had dep.'f. his fovereign, Shah Ihamas, he !i>d iiege to and took Candahar ; bir aiieiward received a conlidf-rable boilv of the Afghans into his pimy, who became his favourite foreign troops. On his aflaf- fiiia!ion,in 1747 the general of the Af- ghan troops, though furicjufly attacked by the whole Perfian army, effitJtcd a fafe retreat into his own counrry, where he caufed himfelf to be acknowledged fovereign of the Afghan leiritories by the title of Ahmed Shah. AFRICA, one of the four grand divifions of the world; bounded on the AO A y hj the Mcdiirrr.inciii fe», w by the AtliiitictH can, k by the Suiitltcrn uccjn, mid K by the il)hniu» (>r Sut/., the Rt'tl fr4, and the liuli.in ocean. It U .1 pc* tiinfut.! ofnriKiit^itiu* 1 xlrnt, IwiiiK join- cd to Afiii by '''^'i'^^'""''"' *""'• w'>'f*» li it^movir. Ill it* (^rratiU length, ifrom tlifmoO northrrii p»it to the Cipe of Good lliip'*. it i» 4<^)nj m ( nnd in the bioailclt put, from Cipc N'cr«l to Ciipt* Outrd-ifiii.it it litoQ. Thrnnutcr p.irt lici within tite torrid 7.otv, which rcndiis the hc.it almoll inl'iipportahlc in ni^uiy pl.ico. Ilowivt-r, tho coafts in general aic vrry li-rtilf, the fruits lx- cclltnt, and the pluiti extraordinary. Then* arc more wiUl bf.ilU than in any other part ol' I he world ; thiu- are p.l(u fume animals peculiar to tliii coniN try ( as tlu- liippopotamu:*, 01 riverhovff ( the rhiiioceroMt with two lioriH on its fiofc ; and the bcaulitiil Itripcd 7.1'hr.i. Jivfido thtle. theic aro crocodilen, oftrlches, camels, anil m my other ani- niaU nnt tobenictwitliin Hiirope. Thire arc Icveril ilt frit«, pirticiil.niy oiu; of a large extent called 7/iluia; but tluic arc not tpiitt: wi>lu)ut iiihal)itaiitH. There arc many Iai>;t' rivers; but the principal are the Nile, Niger, Zaire, Senegal, and G.imbi:i. The moll con- fiderable mountains arc the Ail is, the; Mountain!* of the Moon, nnd tin; Sierra Leoue. The inhabitants ctrnfill of pa- sans, Mohamedaiis, ard Cluilbaiiii. The firft, who poU'efs the greated part of the country, from the Tropic of Cancer to the Cape of Good Hope, arc the moft numerous, and are geiitrally black. The Mohamedans, who are tawny, poflefs Egypt and the coaft of Barbary. The people of AbyfTmia are denominated Chi'i(lians,bui: retain many pagan and jewifh rites. In the n of Africa are forae Jews, who manage all the little trade of that part of the coun- try. The principal divifions of Africa are IJarbary, Egypt, IJilcdulgerid, Za- hara, Negroland, Guinci, Bornou, Ca(hna, Fezzan, Senna, Nubia, Abyf- finia, Abex, Loango, Congo, Angola, Benguela, Matamau, Zanguebar, Mo- carango, Monoemtigi, Sofola, Caffraria, and the country of the Hottentots. Africa, a town on the e coaft of Tu- nis, near a cape of its name, 20 m sse buJa. Afriquci Si. a town of France, in the department of Aveiron> 6 m e by n Va- bres. Apadeer; fee St- Cruz. AgaJej, a town of Caflina, the capital of a province. It fends annually a ca- ravan of i 000 camels 10 the fait lakes AT, I 1.1 thf defert, at a nUer c»n''d DomlKioi which fait it diitribulcd among the other provlncra of the empire. It ia «6o m NNK uf CAlUna. Lon. ijo R| lat. JO J N. AjfallfKat or Cfll/f/fa, an ifl-ind of Al'iica, near Madagalcar. Lon. 54 H I., Lit. to I a N. Anatn*Hiicui% a mountain of MafTi- chuieti, in the dillnOl of .Maine, about 8 m from Yoik luibour. It atf'orda pafiure up to itt fiimmit, and it a fea* mark fiir (he rnlrance of I'if(:aia(|ua river. I.on. 70 \') w, lat. 4.? lA N. /fjfalhii, St. a town of Naoict, in Principato Ultra, 10 m vk Nipiri. Ai^athoiiiji, a foiall idand of the Ar- rhipelago, abtiut a league t the of illc of .Saiudt- .l^titoti, a town of Guinea, np.ir the mouth of the lorniofa, 9j m t Uenin. Loll. 7 6 I , I It. 7 :o N. .■'^'J/-, a town «>t I'rance, in the de- pailtnent of IKraiilt, on the rivei He. raiilt, iHit far from itn mouth in the gulf of Lyon, where thers it a fort to defend the cntr.inct. It ia 17 m ne Narbonne. Lon. 3 iK f, lat. 43 19 K. //ift'/i, a city of France, capital of the deparimenl of Lot and Garonne, and a billiop's fee. Prunes form here a con- fulerable objeft of commerce ; and it bat manufactures of cambletSi ferges, and canvas. It (tandt in a fertile coun- try, on the banks of the G.ironne. Ko m v:,v. liourdeaux. Lon. o 56 v-, lat. 44 12 N. Ajjennlntt a town of Tranfylvaniai ao in Nb llcrmaiiftadt. .7^.;,'^/, or 'igjfo'ui, a town and didridl on the coaft of Guinea, in which is a very high hill, called the Devil's Mount. The Eiijilifb have a fort here. Lon. o s E, lat. 6 o N. Aggtrhuys, a fortrcfs of Norway, in a government of tho fame name, which is full of mountains. See Christiania. Aghadoc, a town of Ireland, in the county Kerry, .nnd a bifliop's fee united to Litnerick and Hrdfert. It Aands near the lake of Killarney) 15 m 58 1 Ardfirt. Aghrhn, a village of Ireland, 11 m ENE Galway, memorable for the de- cifive vidory gained, in 1691, by the army of William 1 1 1, over that of Jamea II. Aghrin, .n town of Ireland, in the county of Wicklow, 13 m sw Wick- lowr. Agtmere, a province of Hindooftan Proper; bounded on the nw by Moul- tan, NE by Delhi and Agra> sb by Malwa> and sw by Guzaratand Sindjr. Afsn Tt U an ritrnflvc iliOru't ( Ihf ii pirt niountainouiii with tertik vnllcyi «nd |)|jiii» ihU-rvcniiiKt t)tit the MW (urt it t iaiuly tlcl'ert. iiml little known. Aatmtrf% .1 town of HiniloDlUni c.i- pital of • provlnci* uf the famv n«mr. Ii n.indtiit the foot of .1 lii^h moun- tain) on lh«' lop of whiih in a ftronj; fortrift. It i« 150 m w by % Agr.i. Lon. 75 ao K| iat. 16 j« n. .Ijfituourt, a villiKi- of France, in the «1. p.irtnicnt of V»% dc Cal.ii*, 7 tn n H.lilin. Near thin pl.icc Henry v of Kngl.ind oht»iiicil a lnjuil vitflory orer till- FrtMich, in 1415. //i,'//rt, a town of ricilmoni, 7ms lvr<-.«. Afftnatt .1 town of Morocco, on .1 li. vcr of the f iiiir nanu", and on the w fide «>f one of Ihc- mounlaiiu of Atlutt, 16 ni u Morocco. A)(mi)ndtjham \ ffC Amtrflam. Aifiittno, a circular Uke in the king- dom of Napli'i, 7 m from I'uzzoli. It ii about half a mile in diamctir, fur- loundcd by «iobl»: liilU covered with w'.rdurc. At no mention iiniado of tliii lake by the ancients, it is fupijotid to be the ceubiated filh-pond liitik by LucuU lus, whofc villa (l>tini i;i tlio neighbour- hood. A few paccn frt)m the margin of the lakr, in the fide of a mountain, is the faniouH Grotta dtl C.mc, where many dojjs have been toiturcd and fuffocatcd, to fliow the cHed of a va- pour, which ril<.'8 a foot above the bot-- torn of this cave, and is dedruiitive to animal life. Agon, an idaod of Swed«'n, in the gulf of Bothnia, with a good harbour. Lon. 18 10 e, lat. 61 30 N. Ajfojla, an illand in the gulf of Ve- nice, near the coaft of Ualmatia, 18 m in circutnfcrence, and 10 sw of the ill.ind of C'urzola. Lon. 17 o e, lat. 41 5.S N. AgoJJa, in Sicily ; fee Aui;ii/}a. ^■Ixrti, a city of Ilindoollan Proper, capital of a province of the lame name, with a ftron„- fort. It was once the mod fplendid of all the Indian citii-s, and giow exhibits themoft magnificent ruins. About the year 1566, emperor Acbar made it his capital, and gave his name to it; fince which time it is often named Acbarabad. In the 17th century the freat mogul frequently refided here, lis palace was prodigioudy large ; the palaces of the omrahs and others were numerous ; and there were above 60 caravanferas, 800 baths, 700 mofqiies, and two magnificent maufolcums. It has fince rapidly declined. In the war with the Mabrattas in iSoji it wa& taken A1C hy the llrltlfh. tt n.uid>i on the riKht bunk of the Jumnj, 100 ni 1 \tf I Delhi, r.on. 7^ JO r, lat. tj i4 m. A^nram, or '/.ttj^rab, a ftrong r the (*me v\me, nUUt A town of Pr;incr. In th« It ii rr^itni un thr AHmiihl. \o m • hf (ir|)«rtiiuMtt nf Mi'iifr, .4 m ^w Dim. I Nuri'nilH,rg l.o". n 10 «, lat 4* '^injii, .» town of ((paiii. in Ai ignn. i»f on the river ArA, p m n H«ibir)i f//ir» the principal fraport of Nil* -limto, « town of Il4ly. in .Mibnefr, bii, l<'.iti-, wiOi an iron founiKry, .ind l«t' ia 10 M ^\ a conliiloLibl. tndi* in m.itt ipiriUi 4, J. Aijfffit fl town of Auftrl.i, on the fltu.Uf oti a lilin}? >;""""•• b«'twfrn two contint-a of Bohemia. 2.4 m nvv Stcyie. riviilctn, 10 m I. (]|.'ir|/row. ///,if/#, 4 town ot' NMillrrLiiid, in th« //«>(•, .1 town ot 1'r.int.c. in the de- cant'tn of Bern. All tin- hoiilcit, even p.mm«ntot I.aiiden, l«Mti'iurlu .xj. Itlil'e.it* ma liourdt-atix. Lon- o 10 c. lat. 4j| cd nr.ir the Rhonr, 6 m from iti en- trance Into the l.tkr of Hrncva. Ai^/f, a town of France, in the dc< partmcnt ofOiiu-, 47 m ^w Uoucii. Aii^nun, St. h town of I'r tnce, in the tlcpartnu-iit '<<* l.oirt* and Cher> on the rlvrr ChtT, 24 tn < by r. Bittii. .'iit^tumortet a to.vn of I'r.mce, in the department «)f Oard.fitiiate ainonKtiic moradi-i, near thi* liM, and had a liar- bour, which in now chodkcd up. It in I a m ».HK iMontpellier. Aixuf/ifr/,-, a town of Fnncc, in the department of i'uy dc Dome, lU in n Clermont. Aii^uihello, .1 town of Fr.ince, in tlie dcp.Vriment of Drome, i tn sk Mon- telimart. Aijfuihe/lo, a town of S.ivoy, on the river Aic, 15 m k Chambcrry. AijfuiJ/ai, ('n/>e, the moil fouthcrly point of Africa, 1 { leagues ESK of the Cape of Good Hope. Lon. ao 8 v, lat. 34 55 s. Ai/a/i, a town of Arabi-i Petrta, on the K arm of the Red fea, at its nw ex- tremity, 1.8 m E8F. Suez. I'on. 3] 10 I) lat. 29 10 N. .. U//jf, a town of France, in the de- part nent of Somme, 9 m u.sk Amiens. ^lif/a, an infulatcd rock, s of the idc of Airan, in Scotland. Its bafe is a m in circumference. It confifls of a fUipi^ndons alllrnblage of precipitous clift'H, rifing in a pyramidal fcries. 900 feet high, accefTiblc only on the ne. It afTords refuge to an immenfi' number of fcafowl, and is well Aocked with r.ihbit3. The ruins of a chapel, and of a callle, are ftill feen ; and near the lat- ter is a fpring of frefli water. Aime, or Ayttio, a town of Savoy, on the river Here, iH m en i. Moudiers. Ain, a department of France, incUid- a town of Franci*, in the de- partment of Pais dc Calai*. It com- niunieatei with St. Omer by .1 cainl, and ii fe.ited oil titc river LiH, 22 m a DunWirk. Lon. 2 14 h, lat. yn 41 N. Airet ii river in VoiI.'l.iie, which IffufH fiom a lake nn Malham moor, ntar Settle, tlovvs by Skipton, Keighley, Leeds, and Snaith, and enters the Ouie, bcloA^ Howden. Ai^ne, a departmt-nt of Fr.ince, in* eluding the lite territories of .SoiJ' in- nois and Vcrmaniloi'i. ft takes its name from n river, whicli runs by Soitlons, and inters the Oife, above Compiegne. Laon ia the cipital. AiXt a city of France, c.ipit.d of the department of Mouths of the Rhone, and an arehbifhop's fee. It was fnr- mci'v ihc capital of Provence, when it had a parliament. It in feated in a plain, where there arc hot baths near the river Arc, 75 m E Montpellicr. Lon. ,5 37 K, lat. 4J Ji »• Aix, u town of S,ivoy, on the lake of Dourget. Here are mineral waters much frequented. It is 12 m n by £ Ch.imberry. Aix, a finall ifland of France, between the ide of Oleron and the continent. It is 12 m Nw Rochfort. Lon. 1 10 w, lat. 46 s e. Aix-la-('hapelle, a city of France, ca- pital of the department of Roer, and a bifhop's fee; lately an imperial city of Germany, in the duchy of Jii'icrs. Charlemagne was fo delighted with the beauty of the place, that he chofe it for his rcfidcnce : he is interred in the church of Notre Dame, where they keep his fword and belt. Its famous mineral waters draw a great number of porfons every year, and near it arc mirt'i of Irr ciMil. In I gnilhed by peace, ft 1:92, fftakcl an«t aualn i.i| Ii ia featetl it muuntaim, «, lat. 50 , Air. f mi I/, dcparttneiit < Akalxikt, Armeni.i. w walUnor fori of thedinrtk-tl trading i)hu:i| of the Kiir, 41 to K, Lit. AitH/itJ I AktrmaH \ Akiffat, a in Natoli.i, th in a plain abo duces corn ar by about cooc on the rtver g.imo. Lon Ai/hi-r, or atlc Turkey, called Antiocl NW Cogni, an Aktiiir ; fei Alitbajler, «i Bahama iflanc pre.iteft part o exported ; and ber of alabailt fort. Lon. 71 Alaisy a tov !)artment of C ee. It haa a 1 the river C»arc veimes, 22 m B, lat. 44 8 N. A/aman, ^ t( canton of Men Aland, a clii tic, at theeritr nia- The prii name to the from 1 2 to 16 the governmeri Caftelholm is I Stockholm. I N. See Finla) Alania, a to Ciramania, ne in the gulf of Alarcon, a Caaile, feated Cucn^a. Alajka, a p( of America, a extending 480 ir#. It takH ich rifr* Irt , iiritt rnt«rt WiuiK i« l))« \nct, in lh# w Diiii- in At ignn* ilhiOio, n MibneAr, rut, ill I,a> nil try. .iiid alf ipirittt •iwfrn two in th<' c!e. on th)* (u\t Adour, ^n B. lat. 4 J in the df« It com- l)y .1 C4ii.ll, in. 2i m ■ ^n 41 V. lirr, which 1,1m rnoDi-, , KfiKhlej, (the Ouiey Mince, in- i)t" Si)iil'>n- c« itsnnmR SoiilonH, ompit'gne. it.il of the he Rhonf, \va» ffir- [-, when it litia plain, [t the river ,on. 5 17 ^c !.»k<' of |ii waters N by E between lontinent. )n. I 10 mce, ca- jcr, and |ria! city Jii'icrg. Iwitli the l>fe it for in the |?re they famous Imber of it are ALA mine 1 of irnp» calamine, ful^hur. an<1 ctwil. Ill iA()') «nly an «pifcopal fee. It has .1 citadel, and is fcated near tlie river Ciard, at the foot «)f the Oc- vennt'S, 11 m Nw Nifones. iiOn. 4 5 I, lat. 44 8 N. Alaman, a town of SwilTerland, in the csnton of I Jem. 9 m nr Nion. A/and, a cluftt'r of iflands in thr Fill, tic, at the entrance of the gulf of Both- nia. The principal idand, which gives name to the reft, is 40 m long, and from IS to 16 bro.ad. It is included in the government of Swedifh Finl.uid, and Caftelholm ia the chief place, 95 ni nk Stockholm. Lon. so 28 e, lat. 6u 10 N. See Finland. Alania, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Caratnania, near the mouth of a river, in the gulf of S.atalia, 50 m e S.atalia. Aiarcon, a town of Spain, in New Caflile, feated on the Xucar, 50 m s Cuen9a. A/aJia, a peninfula on the nw coaft of America, about 100 m broad, and extending 480 m sw into tbu Pacific ALU ocean. At Ita c«ti«mlty commene** the K^ixip <>' chtin of idindi C4llc«l th# Northern AntiifKlago, and on Its w lkd« i4 Hrillol b.iy AlAittmnha, a navl;j.ible rUer of thf Aale ol Ororiria, formed by the June* tion of the Oikmiil^re and (>cone(», which have th< ir fource in the Allegany mountains. It is a im^cftic ritrr, nnJ now* IR loo tt) ihrouKh forefts and plains to the Atl-iiitie, which 1 1 enters by li v, a town ot Italy, in Campagna di Koma, ntuate on a hill, 4* m sr Rome. Alatyr, a town of Uuffia, on the river Sum, 40 m % K-ifiii. Ahiiitaf a river of I'.uropean Turkey, which rifes In the mount4inii th.at Ie« paratc Moldavia from Traiifylvania, llitw* through Wall.ichia, and enters the Danube, near NicopolJA. A/fia, a town of Piedmont, in Mont* ferrut, and an ancient bifhopric. It contains three par()chi.\l and three other churches, beiide the cathedral, and fcven convents. It it feated on the Tanaio, 20 m "R Turin. ///3 the de- partment of Tarn, 15 m k''e Alby. Albant St. a borough in Hertford- fliire, the ancient city of N'crulam, many veltlges of which arc yet to hv feen. The market ia on Wednrfday and S.i. turday ; and it is governed by a mayor. It owes its name to Alban, the firft martyr in Britain, who was buried on a hill near the town, where a noble monaftery was afterwards ereifled to his memt)ry by king OfTa, of which no p.art now remains, except the gate and the church : in the latter is the monument of OfTa, and of Humphrey duke of Olouctftor, whofe l-aden comn was dif- covered in 170J, the body prefervcd al- moft entire by a picUle. In the church of St. Michael is the monument of the illullrious Francis Uacon, vifcount St. Alb.»n. Hore are two filk mills and a cotton manufat'lure. St- Alban is fa- mous for the virtory obtained by Rich- ard duke of York, in 1455, over Henry VI ; and for a victory which queen Margaret gained in i.t6i, over the earl of Warwick. It is feated on the Coin, ai m N by w London. Alban, Ht. a town of Vermont, in Chillinden county, litnate near Lake Champtain, 34 m nnk Burlington. Alianella, a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Citra, ao m se Salerno. . I ..'I If ALB Albania, a province oF European Turkey* compichenJing the ancient Jllyri.1 and Epirus. It i& 140 m long and 6* broad; bounded on the n by Dalmatia and Bofnia, E by Macedonia and Thcflhly, s by Livadia, and w by the gulf oF Venice. I> produces excellent wine ; and the chief exports are fpun cotton, raw wool, cattle, oil, leather, and timber of a fuperior quality for ibips. The Albanians are Itout and well made, never happy but in action, and are brave and intrepid warriors. Janina is the capital. Albano, a town oF Italy, in Cam- pagna di Roma, on the fummit of an eminence, near a lake of the fame name- The lake, 7 m in circuit, is fuppofed to be contained in the crater ot an ex- tinguifhed volcano, and its outlet is bored through a rock more than a mile in length. The environs produce the beft wine in all this country. It is 15 m S8E Rome. Albano, a town oF Naples, in Bafi- licata, fcated in a Fertile country, on the river Bafiento, 15 m e by s Potenza. Albanopotisi a town of European Turkey, formerly the capital of Alba- nia, but now a poor place, feated on the Drino, 43 m k AleiFto. Albany, a river of l/pper CJanada, which flows E through feveral fmall lakes into James bay. Ac its mouth is a Fort of the fame name, belonging to theEnglifh. Lon. 81 aow,lat. 52 10 S'. Albany, a city of Ne«v York, capital of a county of the fame name. In 1797 it contained 6021 inhabitants, colleded Fnom almolt all parts of the northern world. It is the (lorehoufe oF the trade to and From Canada and the Lakes; and has manufadures oF tobacco, fnuff, chocolate, muftard, ftarch, &c. Albany is feated on the w fide of Hudfon river, 150 m N New York. Lon. 73 4a w, lac. 4a 40 N. Albaruzin, a city of Spain, in Aragon, and a bifhop's fee. Its wool is the oeft in Aragon. It is feated on a mountain, by the river Guadalavir, 88 m ssw Sa- ragoHa, and 140 £ Madrid. Lon. i zi w, lat. 40 30 N. Ai'bazete, a town of Spain, in Murcia, with manufactures of iron and fleet ; feated in a fertile country, 44 m w by n Almanza. Albazin, a town of Chinefe Tartary, with a Fortrefs, on the n fide of the Saghalien. Lon. 123 30 e, lat. 53 o x. Albeck, a town and caftle oF Suabia, on the river Alb, 5 m n by E Ulm. Albemarle, or Aumale, a town of France, in the department of Lower A LB Seine, with a manuFadure of Terges and other (tuffs, 30 m sw Dieppe, and 3 a NNw Ruucn. Albemarle Sound, an inlet of the At- lantic, in N Carolina, 60 m long, and from 8 to 12 broad. It is 30 m n oF Pamlico found ; and the tra£t of country between them is called Difmal Swamp. Albenga, a flrong Feaporton the coaft of Genoa, furroundcd by olive trees, 37 m sw Genoa. Lon. 8 7 e, lat. 44 6 N. Albion ; fee Britain' Albi I? of ferges and cppe, ami 3» let of the At- 1} long, and t is 30 m N the tinft of called Oirmai 't on the coaft ' olive trees, 7 *ii lat. 44 T on the w he N of Cali- • 33 to 40 K, adth. It rc- ■ancis Drake in Ion. 116 le coaft had •driguez Ca- itry is called liards. The bounds with infive plains il> and well and barley ; good wine :nt8 on the efsfullyr cul- Diego. In ind of goats forefts and iganiic fize, colour and !^ is fubjea in autumn ; >ni pen fated T heavily : jcember to o firft fet- ivided the »8, named, Diego, St. Francifco. to Euro- . Francis, in a prof- umber of one was erey. in Iftria, m I. by s n the de Bour- in Anda- lamc, IS » was a : French nd their AI. C Albuquerque,^ town of Spain, in Kftre- vnadura, on the frontiers of Portugal, with a itrong caftle. It has a confufer- al)le trade in wool and cloth, and is r^o m NKW Badnjoz. Aliuauerfue, a town of New Mexico, on the left bank of the Rio del Nurte, 5a mssw St. Fc. Alburjfi a city nf Denmnrk, in N Jutland, capital of a v^locefe of its name. It has a confiderable ♦rad<' in herrings and corn, and maniih.dhires of guns, piftols, faddlcs, and gloves. It is feated on the s fide of the gulf of Lymford, 10 m from the Categat, and 30 n by e Wiburg. Lon. 9 41 E, lat. 57 o n. Alby, a city of France, in the dep.irt- ment of Tarn, formerly an archiepif- copal fee, and the capital of the terri- tory of the Albigeoisin Langueduc. In point of architeftture and decorations, the principal church is one of the molt curious in France. The environs pro- duce all kinds of grain, excellent wines, flax, hemp, fatfron, anifeed, coriander, and woad. It is feated on the Tarn, a3 m N by w Caftres, and 4a n e Tou- loufe. Lon. a 8 e, lat. 43 56 ^. Alcalade Guadaira, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, on the river Guadaira, at the foot of a hill, on which are the extenfive remains of a Roman caftle, and a part is converted into a modern church. It is la m N B Seville. Alcala de Henares, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, with a famous univsr- fity, and a caftle. It is furroundcd by a wall, and feated on the Henare«, 15 m E by N Madrid. ' / ,: . , Alcala de los Gazules, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with an ancient caftle, fituate on a mountain in a fer- tile plain, 14 m E by N Medina S/'ionia. Alcala Real% a town of Spain, in An- dalufia, feated on a mountain, lo m sw Jaen. Alcamo, a town of Sicily, in Val di Mazara, at the foot of Mount Bonifa- cio, 34 m wsw Palermo. Alkanizt a town of Spain, in Ara^on, on the Guadalope, from which is a canal to the EbiO, made by the Moors. It is 53 m sse SaragolTa. Lon. o 8 w, lat. 41 10 N. Alcantara, a fortified town oF Spain, in Eftremadura, and the chief place of the knights of that name. It has a celebrated ftone bridge over the Tajo, built in the time of Trajan. It was taken by the earl ef Galway in 1706, but retaken the fame year. It is 42 m V by w Seville. Lon. 6 la w, lat. 39 ao V. . Alcantara^ a town of Spain, in An- ALC dajufia, near the river Gii.idaUiuiver. Here is a bridge built by the Romans, to paffl the marihes formed by the river. It is 14 ms Seville. Alcaraz, a town of Spain, in Mancha, with a ftrong cuftle, and a remarkable ancient aquediidt- It is fitunte among mountains, near the fource of the Gua- dalquiver, 67 m R Ciudad Real. Lon. a 48 w, lat. 38 58 N. Alcaudete,\ town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, 19 m wsw Jaen. Alcazar di Sal, a town of Portugal, in Kftremadura, with a caftle reckoned impregnable. Fine wf.ite fait is made here. It is feated on the Cadoan, 15 m from the fea,and 35 sk Lifbon. Lon. 9 5 w, lat. 3R i» N. Alcazar Quiber, a town of the king- dom of Fez, which has a profitable commerce with Tetuan and other places. A little to the n of the town Sebaftian king of Portugal loft his life in a battle with the Moors, in 1578. It is feated on the Lucos, ao m se La- rache. Alcazar Seguer^ a town of the king- dom of Fez, on the ftrait of Gibraltar. It was taken by Alphonfo, king of Por- tugal, in 1468 ; but foon after aban- doned. It is 14 tn e Tangier. Alcejler, or Alncefier, a town In War- wickfhire, with a market on Tuefday. Many Roman coins, bricks, &c. have been found near it, and the Icknield- ftrcet pafles through the town. It ha« a munufadture of needles, and is fituate at the conflux of the Alne with the . Arrow, 14 m wsw Warwick, and 103 * Nw London. Alcmaer, or Alkmaar, a ftrong city of Holland, capital of the department of Texel. The environs produce excellent butter and cheefe, and fine tulips. This city was befieged by the Spaniards in 1573, after they had taken Harlem ; but the Spaniards, after an inveftment of three months, were obliged to raife the fiege with difgrace. Alcmaer opeo- ed its gates to the Britifti troops in 1799, **^^^^'' the fecond battle near Ber- i^en ; but a treaty was foon afterward concluded here for their evacuating the country. It is fituate among groves of tall trees, near Schermeer, one of the largeft lakes in Holland, 18 m n by £ Harlem. Lon. 4 38 e, lat. 5a 38 n. Alconchol, a fort of Spain, on the frontiers o*^ £ftremadura, feated on the Alcaraque, which runs into the Gua- diana, ao m s by w Badajoz. Lon. 7 j w, lat. 38 la N. Alcoutim, a town of Portugal, in AI- garva, with a ftrong caftle, feated on an ; [' ALE i/lnnd in thr (Mi,ine6. It lit Jiatid on the Sute, 30 m n by w Mans, ami H7 Wiw Paris. Lon. o i e, lat. 48 2O s. Alfpf>ot the capital of Syria, and next to Conftantinople and Cairo, the moll confiderable city in the Turkifti em- pire. It Itands on eight hills, in the mid- dle of a fruitful plain ; is of an oval figure, 7 m in compafs, and fuppofed to contain 250.000 inhabitants. The caftle is on the higheft hill, in the centre of the city ; .ind the houfes are betttr than in other places in Turkey, As ufual in the Kaft, they confift of a large court, with a dead wall to the ftreet, an arcade running round it, paved with marble, and a marble foun- tain in the middle. The ftrcetsare nar- row, but well paved with large fquare ftones, and kept very clean. Here are many (lately mofques, caravanferas, fountains, vineyards, and gardens. The water in the wells is brackifh ; but good water is brought .from fome fprings about 5 m off, by an aquedudl, faid to have been built by emprefs Helena. The Chriftians have their boufes and churches in the fuburbs, and carry on a confiderable trade in filkSf camblets, and leather. Large caravans frequently arrive from Bagdad and Baflbra, charged with the produds of Perfia and India. Several European nations have fadories here, and the merchants live in greater fplendourand fafety than in any other city in the Turkifli f mpire. Coaches are not ufed here, but perfons of quality ride on horfeback, with a number of fervant* before them, according to their rank. Eighteen miles s f of Aleppo is a large plain, bounded by low rocky hills, call- ed the Valley of Salt ; this is over- flowed in winter, and in April, the water being foon evaporated by the fun, leaves a cake of fait, in fome places half an inch thick, which is fufficient to fupply all this part of the country. Aleppo is feated on a rivulet, 70 m se Alexandretta, and 150 k Damafcus. Lon. 37 16 E, lat. 35 40 N. Alejfano, a town of Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 15 m sw Otranto. Aleffiot a town of European Turkey, in Albania, and a bifhop's fee ; feated on a rock, wafhed by the Drino, 36 m s£ Scutari, and 40 nne Durazzo. Alet, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aude, lately an epifcopal lee. It is noted for its batbsi ^d fiands mar the Py| 15 m s by Aleutian No> lher». Alexandre\ of Syiia, on the poit ot . place, the tol than the hoil to many incj trcme unwhiit the ex- treme imwholtfomciicfs of the air h thi word. While the heats an- ey.ci.flive, the principal inhabitants retire to the nHghhouring villages, amonp the moun- tains, where there is excellint water, and delicious fruits. It is 60 m NW Aleppo. Lon. 36 15 k, lat. 36 35 N- Alexandria, or Ali-fanc'ria, a town in that part of Milancfe adjoining Mont- ferrat, which has been lately united to France, and is now the capital of the department of iVJarcugo. Here is a ftrong caftle ; but the place has been often taken in the various wars in Italy. The inhabitants, computed at 12,000, liave a confiderablc trade, particularly in cotton and filk. It is feated on the Tanaro, 40 m f Turin, and 50 ssw Milan. Lon. 8 38 e, lat. 44 53 n. Alexandria, or Scanderia, a town of Egypt, row much decayed, though there are ftill fame remains of its ancient rplendour. He>-e is an ohelilk full of hieroglyphics, called Cleopatra's Needle ; and Pompey's pillar, which is one entire piece of granite 70 feet high and 25 in circumference. The ancient Pharos, fo famous in antiquity that it 'was numbered among the feven won- ders of the world, is now a caflle called Pharillon, and ftill ufed todire(5l veifels into the harbour. From the harbour is a canal to the w branch of the Nile, at Rhamanie. This city was firft built by Alexander the great, and now confifts chiefly of one long ftreet, facing the harbour, the reft being a heap of ruins ; part of the walls are ftanding, with great fquare towers aoo paces diftant ; and the gates are of Thebaic and granite marble. It was formerly a place of great trade, all the trcafures of the £ Indies being dcpofited here, beiore the difcovery of the route by the Cape of Good Hope. It is fubjed to the grand Ggnior, who, however, has but a limited authority. Alexandria was taken by the French invaders, under Bonaparte, in 1798; and taken from them by the Englifh in 1801. It furrendered to the Englilh in 1807, but was foon after tracuated. It ii feated on the Mediter- AL(; r.mean, la/jm nw Cairo. Lon. 30 i« K, lat. 31 II V. 'Ufxdndiiti, ."» town of Virginia, in F.iiitax county, on the right bjnk of tl''i'otoniac. Nine miles below isMount Vernon, formerly t!ic feat of the cele- brated general W.ilhingion. Akx- iindiia is 5 rn sw ol tlie ciiy of VValhiii^;.- ton. Alexandria, a town of the (late of Ohio, oti the rivir Ohio, at the inilux of tlie Si.iito, 60 m s Chillicothe. AUxandrow, a town and fort of RuHla, iu the province of Cauc.ifia, feated on the DonguIK", 30 m nnw Georgiewflc. Alfius, an ifland of Spain, at the mouth of the El)ro, on the coaft of Ca- talonia. It has a town of the same name, ao m se Tortcfa. Al/aro, a town of "•pain, in Old Caf- tile, on the s fide of the Kbro, 9 m wnw Tudcia, and 1 3 k Calahorra. Alfayates, a town of Portugal, in iJeiia, defendt.'d by a wall and caftle. It ia fituateon an eminence, on the cor.- lines of Spain, 150 m ne Liibun. Lon. 5 48 w, lat. 40 9 N. Alfeizeraoy a town of Portugal, in Eftremadura, on the fealide, 75 m nne Lifbon. Lon. y 15 w, lat. 39 30 v A/feld, a town of Lower Saxony, in the principality of Ilildefheim, feated on the Leine, 15 m ssw Hildeftieim. Alfidena, a town of Naples, in Abruz- zo Cilra, 40 m ssw Civita di Chieti. Alfordt a town in Lincolnftiire, with a market on Tuefday ; feated on a fmall brook 6 m from the fca, 30 e Lincoln, and 140 N by E London. Alfordt a town of Scotland, in Aber* decnihire, feated near the Don, over which is abridge, a7 mwNw Aberdeen. AlfarMont a town of N Carolina, chief of Moor county. It is 40 m from Fayctteville. Alfrcton, a town of Derbyfliire, with a market on Monday, and manufa(fture» of ftockings and brown earthen ware ; feated on a hill, 13 m K Derby, and 142 NNW London. Algagliola, a fmall fortified feaport, on the MW coaft of Corfica, at the mouth of the Aregno, 38 m w by s Baftia. Algarva, a province of Portugal^ bounded on the w and s by the fea, E by the Guadiana, and n by Alentego. It is fertile in figs, oranges, almonds, dates, olives, and excellent wine. Faro is the c'lpital. Algaucin, a town of Spain, in Grana* da, on the ridge of a hill, near the Gua- ditU-Q, $i m wsw Malaga. It ,»'.'f pif ■,i : I- I I '1 m Ji:. i [ill ALO ^/?cr/, or Al^hicri, a feaport on the w co'aft of Sardinia, and u bilhop's fee, 6 in s SiifTiri. Alf^e^irat a province of Turkey in Afini now ufiiaily cillcd i^/Vir/'c^. ylli^eziraj, a town of Spain, in Anda- Infia', on t!"> (\. ait of Gibraltar, but in a mean coinluiMn. The ancient citadel if) in ruins, and the liarbnur is decayed, bnt affords llieilcr to numerous gun boat« and fmall vcIIVls. It is 7 m w Gibraltar. v)/^/< n, a country of Rarhary, com- prehending a j.'rer»t part of the ancient Mauritania. It is 600 m fvom e to w, and 1 70 in breadth ; bounded on the n by the Mediterranean, e bv Tunis, s by Mount Atlas, nnd w by Vlorocco. It is divided ir..o the territory of the cityof Algiers, and the provinces of Maf- cara, Titori, and Conftantina. Mineral fprings and waters are met with in many places ; and feveral of the chains of mountains contain lead and copper. The principal rivers are the Shellif, Ma- zafran, Malva, and Zaine. The land to- ward the N is fertile in corn, and the valleys are full of fruit ; but it is ill cul- tivated. The melons have an exquifite tafte, fome of which af'e ripe in fum- mer, and others in winter. The ftems of the vines are very large, and the bunches nf grapes are a foot and a half long. The Turks, who have the government in their hands, are not above 7000 in number ; and yet the Moors, or natives of Africa, have no iharc in it. It is a kind of republic under theprotedion of the grand fignior, and governed by a dey, who, however, can do nothing of confequence without the council of the jani/Taries. The Arabs, who live in tents, are a diftinft people, governed by their own laws and magiftrates, though the Turks intcrpofe as often as they pleafc. The dey is an abfolute monarch, but elected by the Turkifli foldiers, and frequently depofed and ptit to death by them. The revenues of the government arife from the tribute paid by the Moors and Arabs, a detachment of the army being fent into each province every year to collect it? and the prizes they take at fea fometimes equal the taxes they lay upon the natives. The dey has fe- veral thoufand Moors in his fervice, both horfe and foot } and the beys or viceroys of the provinces have each an army under his command. The com- plexion of the natives is tawny, and they are ftrong and well made. Their religion is Mohamedanifm, and their language a dialed of the Arabic. They A L G have likewlfe a j;irg( n, compofcd of Italian, French, and Spanifh, called Lingua Franca, which is underftood by the common people arid merchants. Alf^lers, a ftrong city, capital of the whole country of Algiers- It is btiilt on thf iide of a mountain, next the har- bour ; and the houfes appearing one above ".nothcr, of a refplcndent white- nels, mal tt abandoned by the Poriu- pncfe liorfc at the firft charge. It is lituate it) a fertile plain, on the frontiers of Valencia, 35 m sw Xativa,and 6j N Murcia. Lon. i 10 w, lat. 38 48 n. Almeidat a fortified town of Portu- gal, in Beira, on theriver C'oa, and near the borders of Spain. The French took it in 1810, and abandoned it in 1811, after blowing up the fortrefs. It is 18 m NE Guarda. Almtnara, a town of Spain, in Va- lencia, fituate on an eminence near the fea, 25 m NNK Valencia. Almendralejo, a town of Spain, in Ef- tremadura, 14 ms Merida. Almeriay a city of Spain, in Granada, and a bifliop's fee ; feated at the mouth of the Almeria, 62 m se Granada. Lon. 2 o w, lat. j6 51 N. Almijfa, a town of Dalmatia, famous for its wine ; feated at the foot of a high rock, and at the mouth of the Cetina. 1 2 m e Spalatro. Almondburj/, a village in W York- (hire, feated on the Caldcr, 2 m ssb Huddersfield. It was the Campodo- num of the Romans, afterward a feat of the Saxon kings, andhad once a caftle and a cathedral. Almondjbury, a village in Gloucefter- ftiire, 7 m N Hriftol, where Alimond, father of king Egbert, it faid to have been buried. Here is a fortification of the Saxons, with a double ditch, which commands an cxtenfive view of the Severn. Almunexaf, a town of Spain, in Gra- nada, with a good harbour on the Me- diterranean, defended by a ftrong caftle, 30 m ssE Alhama. Lon. 3 45 w> ^^^' 36 .50 N. Almunia, a town of Spain, in Aragon^ near the Xiloca, 27 m sw Saragofla. Alnmoitih, a village in Northumber- land, at the mouth of the Alne, 5 m k Alnwick Large quantities of corn are fliipped here, and vefTels of 300 tons are built. Alnivickt a corporate town, the capi- tal of Northumberland, with a market on Saturday. It is well built, and has threegate8almoftcntire,whichlhowthat it was formerly furroundcd by a wall. It was defended by a ftately Gothic caftle, now the feat of the duke of Northumberland. Here is a fpacioua fquare for the market ; and a large towuhoufe, where the county meetings ibte m.inu* id placf in cd by ihft 7071 when idoriiken* the I'oriu- irge. It is lie frontiera i,aiid 6) K 38 48 N. I of Portu- a, and near rench took it in 181 It . It is 18 lin, in Va» ce near the lain, in Ef< n Granada, the mouth nada. Lon. tia, famous : foot of a lUth of the W York- 2 m ssK Campodo- ■ard a feat ice a caftle Houcefter- Alimondi to have Ification of |ch, which of the 1, in Gra- the Me- fng caftle, }5 W| lat. Aragon^ 'ofla. piumber- ;, 5m E I corn are loo tons |he capi- marlvct land has ]owthat la wall. lOothic luke of lacious la large eetings A L S arc hold, pxcept the aflizos, which are held at Ncwcaftlc. It is fcatcd on thf river AIn, ;^4 m n Newcaitle, and 308 N by w London. Lou, i 30 w, lat. <;5 a5 N. Alora, a town of Spnin, in Graoada, with a ca(ll«* on a iiii^h conical hill. It OiindA oil the lldc or a uiouiitaiti, in a ri'-l> vale, 24 m nw M iluga. ///r//, a town of F lander'', on the river Dciuier, 15 ni nw BrudVla. v///.«flr/i, a town of Swini-rland, in Undcrw.ildcn, feated on an arm of the Like otth«* Four Cantons, 6ms Lnci-rn. -////ly, a ch. lin of mountains, in Ku rope, which bteiui, at the gulf of Oenon, to the K of Nice, paflTcs into Swiircrl-ind, crofTes that country and Tyrol, fcpa- rates Germany from Italy, and termi- nates at the N partof the gulf of Venice. This grand cliain is fometimes divided into two or more ridges, ranging one by another, with only n.irrow vallies be- tvvcen ; and the difftrent ptirtiono have (!i(lin(it appellations, as the Maritime, 1 Penuint',l.epontine,Hilvptian,Uheti.4n, Julian, &c. They aic compofed of ftu- pcndous rocky malTcs piled upon each other, from 4000 to above 15,600 feet high. There are few pades over them, and thofe of difficult accefs. Swifler- land has the central part of thefe moun- tains, and the vallies between them. The famous Hannibal attempted to crofs the Alps on the lide of Piedmont, in the winter fcafon, when he invaded Italy, and loft moft of his elephants among them. Alps, ^'pt>ery a department of France, including part of the Ikte province of Dauphiny. It is fo called from its vi- cinity to the mountains of that name. The capital is Mmbrun. Alps^ Loiver^ a department of France, including part of the late province of Provence. The capital is Digna. Alpsy Maritime, a new department of Fiance, including the county of Nice. The capital is Nice. Alpuxaresy high mountains of Spain, "n Granada, near the Mediterranean. They are inhabited by the Morifcos, who carefully cultivate the ground, which produces excellent wines and fruits. Alresford, a town in Hampfliire, with a market on Thurfday, and a manufac- ture of linfeys. To the sw of the town is a piece of water, covering about aoo acres, which forms a head to the river itchin. It is 18 m nb Southampton, and 57 wsw London. . Mface, a late province of France, bounded on the % by the Rhine, s by ALT SwifTerland and Franche Comtc, w hy Lorrain, and n by the palatin.tte of the Rhine. It is a fertile country, pro- ducing plenty of corn, wine, padurc, wood, flax, tobacco, pulfc, and fruit. There are mines of lilvir, copper, and lead, as well as mineral waters. It is diverfified with p'eulanl hills, and moun- tains covered with torefta, in whicli are lofty pine treen. It is iiomt included in the department* of Upper and Lower Rhine. .■///<«, a fertile ifland of Denmark, in the Little Ik-lt, between Slelwick and l''uen, 100 m w Copenhagen. The chief town :ii ''oiiderborg. AhfJ(l,A town of OcrminyjinUppcr Hcilc, with a caftle, feated on the Schwalon, 12 m e M 'rbur>:. Aljheda, a town of Sv^etkn, in Smo- land, near which a gold uiinc was dif- covered in I7jj8. Aljleray a town of Naples, in the county of Molife, on the river Tiferno, »3 m N E Molife. Aljliben, a town of Upper Saxony, in the principality of Anhalt, 9 m ssw Bernburg . Aljladt, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, with a caflle, on the rivulet Rane, 8 m w Querfurt. Aljladtt a town of Moravia, in the circle of Olmutz, near the fourcc of the Morau, 35 m nnw Olmutz. A/Jhn-moor, or Aldjiotie, a town in Cumberland, with a market on Satur- day. Here is an iron foundery, and a fliot manufadlure ; and in its vicinity are numerous lead- mines. It is feated on the fide of a hill, on the s branch of the Tyne, 20 m e by s Carlifle, and 371 N by w London. Altamont, a town of Naples, in Ca- labiia Citra, 15 m nw Bafigniano. Altamura, a town of Naples, in Terra di Bari, at the foot of the Apennines, 10 m NE Gravina. Altea, a town of Spain, in Valencia, rich in wine, honey, lilk, and fla:C. It was taken in 1705, for the archduke Charles ; but loft after the famous bat- tle of Almanza. It is feated on the Mediterranean, 30 m ne Alicant. Altcriy a feaport of Norway, capital of Fininark, feated on a bay, which is part of the gulf of Alien. Seven miles to the E is Altengaard, the refidence of the governor, near the mouth of the river Alten. Many cows and Iheep are fed here. The chief exports are fifli and Ikins ; and the imports arc flour, fpirits,^ wines, and fpices. It is 1 1® m ssw of the North Cape. Lon. %x 57 e, Ut. 69 55 N. C 3 r ■•■» A Vu ■¥, , ' ■J uwWw A [T ^ihtnju, a town of Lower Saxon jr» In ihc icrritoryof Urunlwick, 8 in • Gullar. Aliitibfrjft ^ town of Upper S.ixnny, in Mifni.i, ccltbratccl for it< tin mine, ao m s Drefdi'ti. AUenburi^, a town of Upper S.ixony, in 'I'liuringii, with a caltlc on a rocic. ftiii fcatcdontliclMrinc, aom sl,eip/.ic. ./(/c.-jittrif.Atovvn «it Lower Hiiiig;iry, with an ancient caWW, now principally ifcd for a corn magazine, it has tw«) churches and a college, and is fi'.itid on Ihc Leitha, at it* entrance into the Danube, 17 m sse I'rcfburg. Ahendoni, a town of the duchy of Wcllphalia, on ihc river liij{gi'> 48 '" ^ by N Cologne. Alteukirehen, a town of Germany, in Wtftcrwald, chief of the county of Sayn, with a caftle. It ia 15 m nne C'oblentz. Altf/Jon, a town of Piedmont, be- tween the rivers Doirc and Stura, 3 m N Turin. Altiirch, a town of France, in the department of Upper Rhine, on an emi- nence, near the fource of the river Hi, 35 m s Colmar. Ahmore, a town of Ireland, in the •ounty of Tyrone, 7mNwDungannon. Alton^ a town in Hampfhire. with a market on Saturday. It has manufac- tures of corded ftuflfs, figured baragons, ribbed druggets, forges, &c. and round the town are plantations of hops. It is feated on the Wey, ag m ene Soutli- ampton, and 47 wsw London. Altona, a city and feaport of Lower Saxony, in UoHtein, built by the Danes, that it might rival Hamburg in com- merce. It was burnt by the Swedes in 17 1 2, but has been beautifully rebuilt, and is eftimated to contain 35,000 in- habitants. It is feated on the Elbe, a m w Hamburg. Lon. 9 58 b, lat. 53 34 n'. Altorft a town of Franconia, in the territory of Nurenberg, with a unirer- fity, 16 m s£ Nurenberg. Mtorft a town of Suabia, ao m ne Conftance. Altorf, a town of Swiflerland, capital of the cajiton of Uri. Here are twoftone pillars 130 paces from each other, at which diftance Tell is faid to have Ihot the apple from his fon's head. This deliverer of his country lived at Burgli, near this place, and his cottage is changed into a chapel, where mafs is iblemnly faid- Altorf ftands on the lake of Lucem, near the influx of the river Rufs, 20 m se Lucem. Lon. 8 40 %, lat. 46 48 ^f. Altringhamt a town in Cheihiroy go- AM A verned by n mayor, with a market uii Tuefdav. Here are feveinl maniifac- turtrsof worded and cotton ; and muclfr fruit and vi-getablen are fent hence to Mancheder. It id ieatcd near the duke of Hridgewatcr's canal, icfftcrlhire, le top of a und campt al antiqui- I in the de- e, lafelyr of ■the Rhine; w Ment/. n Valencia, cd by the '\c Turkey, ort. It is 1 on a high is. nmark, on lied Chrif- 1 long and t Zealand cvo bridges enhagen . paftures, ith milk, I in Dalia, ike Wen- timber, N by E It. 590 N. he iflands, |Lon. 145 in Prin- )p's fee. Ihave in- was a on the to. Lon. |e, in the le riycr :, in the abbey ; AM A Ntted on the Scarp, 7 nr k Valcn* lcr- mere-watcr, 13 m nw Kendal, and 276 NNw London. Ambleteuse, a feaport of France, i \ the department of Pas de Calais, defended by a batter)'. At this port Cefa; cm- barked his cavalry when he pafled over into England; and here James 11 land- ed on his leaving England, in 1688. It is feated on the Englifli chaine], i m N Boulogne. Lon. i ^6 b, lat. 50 49 N. i .1] it '^1 w 'f 11^^ A ME Amheht, a town o\ I'rnncci In the . Thf ain il*!' «»f tin- c«01f ii without ncpii, mul ni»y hr iifccniKil to the very top. Hui» XI iiiftiiutril thi" order of Sr. Michel. It U fiatnl .it the conflux of tl>c M.idcc with \\u Loir**, 1 1 m r. l>y N 'f.niih, nnd ii^ ^ hy w ".irin. .\mt>Hriuiff% .1 t.iwn «)r Fr.iiiCf , in the dcp.irtnu'i't "of Ain, ao m N\v Ik-licyi and 17 NK Lyon. .'tmh'ji/»n, .III in.ind in the Imli.in ocean, thf Dutch mi't'opolisofthc Mo- liicr 18. It in t^h m in Icn^ih, and divid- «d,on thr w tide, liy a l.irgc lay into two pntt^ { the l.o>;>'ll of which isc.illed H« tuu,aiidtht'othiT Lcytimor. The fur- face i8b*M.itiful; woody hilisandvordant plainit (.('iiix iiitrrfpcrlcd with h;imlct8, and (.nrichcJ by cuItiv;ition. The chief products arc clovest nutmegs, fugar, CofTcc, ami many delicioui fruit*. The principal animatsari! deerand wild liogs. The natives wear large whilkers, and thiirdrets is only a flight piece of ftuff wrapped rmind their middle- The men buy their wives of tlieii parents, and if they prove h.irren, the m.irriage is void. They .ire ptnerally Mohamedans ; but there are fomc C'hriilians amonjj them. The Knglifh and Dutch had tactories here .it the beginning of the ipthccn- tuiy ; l)Ut the Dutch expelled the £ng!ifli, and tortured and put to death m.'iMy of them. The ifland was taken b; Mic Engllfli, in 1796 ; reftored by the tr>: 'y at ''.miens, in 1802 ; and again taucil by the rnglifh, in 1810. The chief town is of the fame name, neatly built, and (land«j near thesw extremity, li >n. 1 27 2o E, lat. 4 :o s. Ah.bresbury, ht Amesbury- Arnlroset St. an iflind on th-- coaft of Chili, IS m w from St. Felix ifland. The crew of captain Roberts, in 1793, killed and cured here 13,000 feal fliins. Lon. 80 55 vv, lat. 26 13 s. Ambry m, one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, 50 m in circumfer- ence. Lon. 168 12 E, lat. 16 10 N. Amedubad, a city of Hindooftan, the capual of Guzcrat. The walls are 6 m in circumference, and contain 1 2 gates ; but nov*' not a quarter of the an-a is in- habited. The mofque and tomb of the founder, Tatar Ahmed, are bull'- of ftone and marble, the laft of cxquifite workm.mfljip. It was taken by the Englifli, in 1780, from the Poonah iMah- raitae, to whom it was reftored in 1783. It is felted in a level countryj on a navi- gable river that enters the gu^f of Cam- bay, 320 m N Bombay. Lon. j% ij e, lat. 23 18 N. • ' A >r E Amidnaffur, % city and fort of \\\r\- do >fl'i>> once the capital of the fonhih ot Its ii.iiiu , V. hi( h in now better known by th.it ot Dowl.ii.ilt.id. This city wai the rcfiilence of emperor Aumng- y.i be, during hin coiHjueft of thi Uccc.in and the (J imalie. In iHo.wil wa«tuUen by the llritidi nn«l«r general VVelh flcy. It ii 7.) m NK IVioiia. l.on. 75 o k, lat» 19 10 N Amttnahtul, a town of Hindooftan, ifi Lihore, 35 m n by w L.hore. Aniflin, an ifland on the co.ift of E Florida, 13 m long and 2 bioad ; ex* lending, about am from the continnitf between the riveis St. M.iry and Nairui. It is very fertile, and h.iH a town with an excellent harbour, at its N end. Lon. 81 35 w,lat. 30 41 N. ■ inieJitt, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoleto, featcd on a mountain be- tween the Tiber and Nira, 20 m sw Spoleto, and 4.1; N Homo. .inielia, a town of S Carolina, feated on theSantec, a6 m .sf. Columbia. AMElllCAfOnc of the four grand di- vifions of the world, and by much the largeft; bounded on all fides by the ocean. It took its name from Amcricua Vefpucius, a Florentine, who having ac- companied Ojtda, a Spanifti adven- turer, to America, in . ',97, drew up an amufing hiftory of his voyage, in which it was infinuated, that the glory of hav- ing firft difcovercd the continent of the new world belonged to him. This was in part believed ; the country began to be called after the name of its fnppofed firft difcoverer ; and the unaccountable caprice of mankind has perpt>tuated the error. But America was firft difco- vered by Chriftopher Columbus, a Ge- nocfe, in 1492. It is called the Nevtr World with great propriety \ for not only the men, but the birds and beafts, diflcr, in fome refpeds, from thofc known before. It has* like wife a great number of trees and plants, that grew no where elfe before they were tranf- mittcd to other places. All the men, except the Kfquimaux, near Green- land, feem to have the fame origin ; for they agree in every particular, from the ftrait of Magellan, in the s, to Hudfon bay, in the n. Their flcins, unlefs daubed with greafe or oil, are of a red copper colour, and they have no beards, or hair on any other parts of their bo- dies, except their beads, where it is black, ftraight, and coarfe. ' Many are the conjeftures about the peopling of this vait continent, and almoft as va- rious as their authors. America is fo long, that it takes in not only all th^ 'A i \% ' , .«. ( ;«• ( • "•' l< "rt. .■'^•. v»w* IbJ A.sNi.Nii'o»:i.N '7'^rSi JkftiDV I' iWmi l.tmikm /" 1.-:^ > tti kt*' >'*' "/• "f '*»' ''{ '• «• /*! .7 f ^•'•$. /•i>*4pifint / ^-^-^-yA AWMn^ti ''""7nr..J of A«*iA( iM-nlfN J »/ 1^K» \' 'r:?^? r«j> &'<'** " tWim Lonttua M: 'W ij'" ^^ h Ivi ]■■"', ■if 4 t* nada i1 If torrid, but of the frigid] rica is muci tries of EurJ tudc. A d naturally be dudlions. Il mod foutherl cold, fterile,! centre are fu| nerals, i)reci< of the mod tnodities. It| different Ian; rica, a vaft the different and as to relit tolerable ac< though fomcl the aborigines the fun. Thl Spaniards in i here was the t they ar.H the of all tliv x: p the greateft \ nent is divide America, wh ifthmus of Da mountains in Andes and Al menfe ranges; rivers, fuch ; Oronoko, Mill fa, Ohio, St. ] laware, Sufqut fide the aborig terior parts, ai America, wht fome of the fii ent European flourifbing col rica, Great B tain. Upper a Scotia, and Ni Eaa and Well Mexico, New and Ruflia has inlet- In S i Terra Firma, Chili, and Par fit, and part of and Great Bri remainder of ( Amerpour, f the province o Lon. 87 z E,lj Amersfortt date of Utrecl and tobacco, ; are (hipped h< feated in a fer £mbs, 10 m E Amerjhamy lough in B 4> -I AMfi torrid, but alfo the temperate nnd part of the frigid zones. The cold of Ame- rica is much greater than in the coun- tries of EuropC} under the fame lati- tude. A continent fo cxtenfive muft naturally be various in its foil and pro- ductions. In the mod northern and moft fouthern parts, the coimtries are cold; fterile, and defert ; while in the centre are found the richeft mt-tals, mi- nerals, i^ecious ftoncs, and abundance of the moft valuabli? and uicfui com- modities. It is hard to fay liow many different languages there are in Ame- rica, a vaft number being fpoken by the different people in different parts ; and as to religion, there is no giving any tolerable account of it in giencral, though fomc of the moft civilized of the aborigines fcem to have worfhipped the fun. The principal motive of the Spaniards in fending fo many colonifts here was thethirft of gold ; and indeed they a^..^ the Portugu^ fe are pofleflTed of all tl.v f parts where it is found in the greateft plenty. This vaft conti- nent is divided into North and South America, which «ire joined by the ifthmus ofDarien. It has the loftieft mountains in the world, fuch as the Andes and Allegany, which form im- menfe ranges; ana :he moft ftupendous rivers, fuch as the Amazon, Plata, Oronoko, Miftiftippi, Miflburi, Arkan- fa, Ohio, St. Lawrence, Hudfon, De- laware, Sufquehana, Potomac, 8fc. Be- fide the aborigines, who inhabit the in- terior parts, and the United States of America, who polTefs Louifiana, and fome of the fineft provinces, the differ- ent European powers have rich and flourifhing colonies her?. In N Ame- rica, Great Britain pof.effes New Bri- tain, Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunfwi.:k ; Spain has Eaft and Weft Florida, Mexico, New Mexico, New Albany, and California ; and RulTia has fome fettlement8 on Cook inlet- In S America, Spain poffcffes Terra Firma, New Granada, Peru, Chili, and Paraguay ; Portugal has Bra- fil, and part of Amazonia and Guayana; and Great Britain and Spain have the remainder of Guayana. Amerpour, a town of Hlndooftan, in the province of Napal, 170 m ne Patna. Lon. 87 a E, lat- a6 37 s. Amersforti a town of Holland, in the ftate of Utrecht, it has a trade in beer and tobacco, and goods from Germany are fhipped here for Amfterdam. It is feated in a fertile country, on the river Embs, 10 m ENE Utrecht. Amerjhaniy or A^^mondejham, a bo- tough in JBuckinghamlhire, with a AMM market on Tuefday. The townhall is the handfomeft in the county. It is feated in a vale between woody hills, 36 m Nw London. Amejbury^ or Ambrejhurij, a town In Wiltfhire, with a market on Friday. It is feated on the Avon, at the place where a number of Britons weretreacheroufly murdered, and near that famous monu- ment of antiquity, Stonehenge. Here are^ the ruins of a venerable abbi'y. This place gave birth to the celebrated Jofeph Addifon. It is 6 m N Salilbury, and 77 w London. Amejhury, a town of Maffachufets, in Effex county, fituate on the Merrimac, at the influx of the Powow, 4 m nw Newbury Port. Amherfl, a town of New Hampfltire, capital of Hillborough county. The Aurean academy was founded here in 1790. It is fltuale on a n branch of the Souhegan, ^^ m nw Bofton, and 6b W8W Portfmouth. Lon. 71 33 w, lat. \% 54 N. Amherjit a town of Maffachufets, ia Hamplhire county, 8 m nne North- ampton, and 91 w Bofton. Amherjlburgy a town and fort of Upper Canada, on the R fide of the river Detroit, at its entrance into Lake Erie. Lon. 8a 56 v.-, lat 42 36 n. Amidy a town of Aliatic 'lurkey, in Natolia, 40 m E Amafia. Lon. 36 40 e, lat. 40 3* N. Amiensy a city of FrancCj and an epif- copal fee, capital of the department of Somme. The cathedral is a ftately ftrudlure ; beHde which there are 10 parifh churches, one in the fuburbs, and an academy of belles lettres. Three branches of the river Somme pafs through this city, and afterward unite. It was taken by the Spaniards in 1597, but retaken by Henry iv, who built a citadel. It has manufaAures of linen and woollen cloth, which employ, in the city and adjacent country, 30,000 people. A treaty of peace was con- cluded here in 1802, between Spain, Holland, France, and England. It is 20 m SE Abbeville, and 75 N Paris. Lon. 2 tS E, lat. 49 54 N. Amlnuichy a town of Wales, on the NW coaft of Anglefea, with a harbour for fmall veffels. In 1768, when the Parys mines were opened, it did not contain above (ix houfes ; and in 1801 they amounted to 1025. The church was eredled by the Parys Mine Com- pany, who have alfo greatly improved the harbour. It is 45 m w Beaumaris, and 275 NW London. See Parys. Amman, a town of Syria, anciently the capital of the Ammonites, called 1 m 1 i 1 i 1 J U^-^^' (.111 A M!^ HHbhah Ammon, and now the princi- g;»l place of a diflriiil. It i« ^o m sw olra. Ammcrcott a fort of Iliiulooflan, in the cxtciilivf famly dcfart brtwccn the Indus and the Puddar. This place is celebrated a» the retreat of tmpcror Iliimaic'jn, during hin troubles ; and hrre was born his fon, the illullrious Acbar. It is i6om i.ne Tatta. Lon. 70 o E, lat. 25 40 N. Arnold a town of Ufbcc Tartary, in Bokharia, and a place of confiderablc trade. It is feated on the Amu, 60 m w Bokhara. Lon. 62 4 k, lat- 39 4 ^^ Amol, a town of Periia, in M.r/an- df.ran, with the remains of an ancient fortrcfs and pahce. It has manufac- tures of cotton, and in the neighbour- hood are iron mines and cannon foun- deriea. It ftands in a plain, between Mount Taurus and the Cafpia> fea, 50 jnwNwSari. AmoKeburg, a town of Germany, in Upper ilefle, leated on the Otlieni, 8 jn ENt: Marburg. Amorgo, an ifland of the Archipelago, fertile in wine, oil, and corn. The beft cultivated pans belong to a monaftory. It is 30 m in circumference, and 67 n Candia. Lon. 26 15 e, lat. 36 20 n. Amour, or Amur ; fee Saghalien. Amoy, an ifland onthesE coaft of China, 15 m in circumference. The Englidi had a fadlory here, but aban- doned it, on account of the impofitions of the inhabitants. Its port, on the w fide, is capable of receiving 1000 ftiips. Lon. 1 1 8 45 E , lat. 24 ao n . Amplepuis, a town of France, in the department of Rhone, celebrated for its wines. It is 16 m w Villefranche, and 26 Nw Lyon. Ampojlut a town of Spain, in Cata- lonia, on the river Ebro, 7ms Tor- tofa. Ampthiil, a town in Bedfordfhire, with a market on Thnrfday. It was the refidence of Catharine, queen of' Henry VIII, during the time that her unjuft divorce was in agitation. This event is commemorated by a poetical infcription on a column where the old caftle ftood. It is fituate between two hills, 6ms Bedford, and 45 nw Lon- don- Ampurias, a feaport of Spain, in Ca- talonia, at the mouth of the Flu via, 70 m NE Barcelona. Lon. 3 o e, lat. 4a 9 N. Amras, a caftle or palace of Ger- many, in Tyrol, at the foot of a moun- tain, 2 m SE Infpruck- Amfttrdam, a rich and populous city, capital of Holland, and of the deparu A M W mPDt of Amftel. Next to London, it •• deemed the moft commercial city in the world, and is fuppofcd tu contain St 2,000 inhabitants. The walln are high and well fortihed i and the bridge, which joins the rampart, is built over the river Amllcl. Few cities have their public buildings fo Bne, nnmerouifi, tl| the Abkahs, its entrance ir 40 30 E, lat. 4 Anadir, a ri| its fource out of Tchukotlkl of Anadir, in Anagni, a pagna di RomJ Anahy or Turkey, in Di.| ducing abundaf Aands on the Bagdad, and 41 45 K, lat. 34 Ananpour, a 1 Myfore, 24 m Anatitpour, a Myfore, 100 nr 120 N Bangalor Anargh'ta, a fitunte on a rive the Black fea, 5 Annttom, an i of the New II ocean. Lon. i; Anhar, a tow Irak Arabi, witli man the great; i 40 m w Bagdad. Ancarano, a marquifate of i and 82 NE Romi Ancafler, a vil; m s Lincoln. I highway, at the abounds with ar end are the rema Ancenis, a tow Eartment of Low oire, 20 m E N Anc/ioJm, a 1 which rifes neai to Glanfordbrid thence to the Hi Anclam, a for Pomerania, on tl Gripfwald. Ancober, a terri Gold coaft, to t a river of the through it ; and with a good ha lat. 4 50 N. Ancona, a mar Ecclefiaftical St; broad ; bounded NE by the gulf o and sw by Spole narticularly in h( -plenty of wax A NC flvlnRrifeto the New River, which flip* ph'(*s agrent p.irt uf London with water. //«dral is an elegant ftruiJt the Kn- tliOi and Dutch iraffic wiih the naiivis. Loantla in the capital. JniiOHUfme,^. town of Francp, capital of tiif department of Chaicntc, ami tlic fe** of a bilhup. it is feated on a moun- tain Airroundfd by r<":k3. Tin; river C'harente runs at the fot)t of it ; iuid then- are fome paper manufa*ilni(H in Us environs. It in 50 m wnvv Limiij,'C3. Lon. o i) E» lat. 45 .19 N. An,ijotwieiu •■» I'ltc province of Franci", boiiiuled on thf n hy I'oitou, t by Li- molin and Marchc, s hy I'erigoul, and w hy Saintongf. It is now included in the department ofCJharcnte. Atigro, the capital of Trrcera, one of the Azores. It is a hiihop'8 fee, and the reftdence of the governor of tlie Azores. The town is well huilt, and populous; anil here are royal maga- zines for all forts of naval itorcA. It ftands on a hay, between two nio)m- tains, on the s fide of the ifland. Lon. %^ 12 w, lat. ,38,59 V. Artjfrogun, a town of Piedmont, on a river of the fame name, 7 rn w Pig- nerol. AnguUlat or Snake IJland^ the mod northerly ofthe I'-nglilh Leeward iflands in the VV Indict, 0,0 m loncj and ^ broad. It takes its name from its li^'urc, and is 60 m n w of St. ChriOophtr. Lon. 63 10 w, lat. 18 la N. Anguillabat a town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, near the lake Bracciano, 15 m nw Rome. Anj^ura, the ancient Ancyra, a ri'y of A fiatic Turkey, in Natolia, and a Greek archbilhop'8 fee. The caftle has a triple cnclofure, and the walls are of white marble and flone, refembling porphyry. The inhabitants are com- puted at 80,000. Here are hrcd the fincft goats in tlic world ; the hair, b<'ing almoft like lilk, la worked into fine ftufFs. It ftands on a lofty fitua- tion, iqo m vv Tocat, and aao tsE Conftantinoplc.Lon. 32 5oR,lat. 3950M. Anf^usjhire ; fee Forfarjbire. Anhalt^ a principality of Germany, in Upper S.ixony, 4 a m long and 10 broad ; bounded 01 the n by Magde- burg, E by the duchy of Saxony, s by J^IaiiiUld, and w hy Halberftadt. It ANN a'v)imd« In corn, and i« watered by the Salde and Muld.i- It:i ancient ctdle il gone to decay. Zerhd ii the capital. Atiliolt, an illand ot Denmark, in the Catc,(al, furrounded hy fand banks, but >nf>rd8 good ancliorai> lat. 56 38 .V. Aniaiift n town of France, in the de- partment of llerault, i.j m v\ nw Mont* pclier. Artjfnf^a, a town of Hindooftaii, In Traviincore, which has a trade in pep- per and calico.s. It Rands at the mouth »)f a rivtr, 46 m wnw i'ravancorc. Lon. 76 40 u, lat. 8 40 n. Animali/, a town of llindooftan, in the provnicc of Coimbetore, wiih a fort. It has a trade in drugs, honey» and wax, collected in the hills to the ». and is feated op the Alima. 31 s Coim- betore. Anjou, a late province of France, boundtil on the N hy Maine, w by Kretagne, s by Poitou, and e by Tou- raine. It formerly belonged to the fo- vcreigns <)f F-iiKland. It now forms the department of Mayenneand Loire. Ann, St. a town of New Brunfwick, fituate on the river -St. John, z m below Frederidown, and 88 above the city of St. John. A mm , fee Anali. Annabtrjf, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia,' noted for filver mines and the manufadlure of lace, 17ms Chem- nitz. Annaght an ifland oii thf? w coaft of Ireland, 5 m in circumference, be- tween the ifle of Achil and the coafl of the county of Mayo. Lon. 9 39 w, lat. 53 58N- Annamookoy one of the Friendly iflands, in the Pacific ocean, difcovered by Tafman, in 164,3, and vifitcd by Cook in 1774 and 1777. It is well cul- tivated in many places, confiding of plantations of yams and plantains, en- clofc'd with neat fences of reed. 'I'hc bread-fruit and cocoa-nut trees are in- tcrfpcrfed with little order, but chiefly near the habitations of the natives ; and the other parts of thelfland, efpecially toward the fea, are covered with trees :;nd bufltes. It is fituate about 187 k lon. and 20 s lat. Annan, a river of Scotland, in Dum- friesfhire, which rifes in the Moflfat hills, and taking a foutherly direAion, through a fertile dale to 'which it gives naine> tMtxa Sulway fi Annan. AnnitHt a bor Dumfrienlhire, Annan, j m fri forms a (tood ha tons burden. I built by line of II which flill nniai ported hence ; a tiire for carding (6 m KNu Durnfr Lot). 3 8 w, lat. Annano, a fort cf Milan, feated I Cafal. Anntif>o/it, the in Ann Arundel wralthicd cities The ftate-houfe, in the centre o point the (trects 1 tiou. Here alfo which, with VV Chtflrr,conflitut the Univcrfity of is fituate on CI mrtuth of the S Wa(hington, and 76 40 vvjiat. jy '. Annapolis, a fo Scotia, on the 1 Fuiidy. It has r hours in the worl through a dinfici C»ut of Annapolis ftand on the s fi( the mouth of a r w by N Halifax. 49 N. Annecy, a tovvt lake of its nam canal of Thioux, the town and the It was lately the alfo afiiimed \.\m prince of Geneva, town in Savoy n is 16 m s Geneva Annobon, an ifi Guinea, fo called vered by the Port day. It is well fl abounds with { Lon; 5 10 E, lat. Annonay, a to department of A tures of very fin conflux of the C m Bw Vienne. Annot, or Anoi the department 1 Votreveaux. ANN «nt«ra Solway fiitlii l)clo\v tite town of Annan. MHiMHt a bornugh of ScotUnJ, in Dumfrit'ii(liiic, fiMtcd on the livtr Aniuii. .) m (Void iti muuth* wMcK forms a kouiI Imrhuur for vcHeli of x%o torn hiirdci). Ilt-n* was a fliir ciiftU*, built by one of the Rrncci, thi* ruin^ nt' which Oill nmain. Much corn it ex- portrd hrnce ; and fhcn* ii a maiiiH.u*- ttire for <-.-itiliiig anil fpinnin^. It ii 1 6 m KNE DumlricKi and 79 • lidtiil)ur[;. Lon. 38 w, |,it. 55 a n. Annano, a fort of Italy, in the duchy of MiUn, featcd on the Tenaru, izni s Cafal. Annaf>oliit the capital of M.irylan*!, in Ann Arundel county, and one of the wcalthicd cities of tlic United States. The ftate-houff, a nobif building, ftands in the centre of ihc city, from which point thr ftrccts diverge m rvcry direc- tion. Hon- alfo is St. John college, which, with VVafliington collc^ji! at Chtfte-r.conftituteoneunivfrfiry, nami'd the Uiiivcrfity of Maryland. Annapolis is iituate on Chi'Cipcak bay, at the mmith of th«' Severn, 31 m t by n Wafhington, and 3) a fiallimore. Lon. 76 40 w, lat. J9 1 N. Annapolii^ a fortified fciportof Nova Scotia, on the k fide of^ th»j bay of Fuiidy. It has one of the fined har- bours in the world, but the «:ntrance is through a difficult (Irait, called the (Jut of Annapolis. The town and fort ftand on the s fide of the harbour, at the mouth of a river of its name, K6 m w by N Halifax. Lon. 65 az w, lat. 44 49 N. Annecy, a town of Savoy, A*ated on a lake of its name, whence ifl'ufs the canal of Thiou.^, wliich runs through the town and then enters the river Sier. It was lately the fcf? of a bifbop, who alfo aflTumed the title of bifhop and princo of Geneva. Annecyisthclargeft town in Savoy next to Chambery, and it t6 m s Geneva. Lon. 6 5 e, lat. 45 Artnobon, an idand near the coaH: of Guinea, fo called becaufe it was difco- veredby the Portuguefe on Xew-ycars- day. It is well flocked with cattle, and abounds with palm-trees and fruit. Lon. 5 10 E, lat. I 50 s. Annonay, a town of France, in the department of Ardeche, with manufac- tures of very fine paper ; feated at the conflux of the Cances and DeumeSf i % m 8w Vienne. Annot, or Anott a town of France, in the department of Lower Alpii 6 m vv' fotreveaux. ANT ^atovtr, a town of Spain, In New ( adil**, near the Tajo, 1 7 m n k Toledo, and aa • M.idrid Aujtikvi/Ui I, a town of Franrr, in lh« di'p.irtmr-nt of Oifc, ^ m «SK Hreteuil. Anjt, a town of I' ranee, in the dc* parimcnt of Rhone, u m n Lyon. Aii/ptn/i, or Onolxbach^ a principality of (firnnny, In the * part of the circle of I'nnconia. It hnn iron mines, and fcveral medicinal fpringi; and the ftjil produces confiderable quantities of corn, and feeds great numbers of cattle. Anj'pachy a city ot i'raiiconia, capital of the principality of Anfp.u-h, with a caflle, a palace, and an excellent acade- my. It nis many haiidromc buildings ; and the principal manutacMure ib luce. It is feated on the Ret/at, 34 m wsw Nurenherg. Lon. to sH i-, l:it. 49 18 ^. Anj/rut/ur, J-'aji, M\{\ Iffjl, two bo- riMighs of Scotl.iiid. on the m°. cnaft of FiiVlhire. They adjoin eich other; and Eaft Anftruthcr, which is much the 1 irgt'lV, has a quay, and fome tra(!e in Ihip-building. It is 9 m sse St. Andrew. Antab, a town of Syria, fituate on two hilU and the valley between them, watered by the Sejour. It is 3 m in circumference, with a ftrong old caftle on n rock, and has a confiderable ma- nufa«Jlure of Aamped calicos. Many medals of the Syri.in kings have been found here, and fome alfo of the kings of Cappadocia. It is 50 m e Alexan- dretta, and 60 N by k Aleppo. Lon. 37 .35 E, lat. 3635 V. Antulia ; fee Satalia. Anteuuerot a town of Spain, in Gra- nada, divided into the Upper and the Lower. Tlic Upper is feated on a hill, and has a cadle; the Lower :tequera, a town of New Spain. See Cui.i'actt- Antibariy a fcaport of European Tur- key, in Albania. It is the port of Scu- tari, and the depot of the commoditiei furniflied by the valley of the Drino. It (lands on a deep and lofty hill, near the gulf of Venice, 14 m wsw Scutari. Antibest a town of France, in the de- partment of Var, with a ftrong caftle, and a harbour for fmall veflels. The vicinity produces excellent fruit. It is feated on the Mediterranean, 1 1 m ssw Nice. Lon- 7 7 C| lat. 43 35 n. •■I •1 . 1 ! 1 Il \ 1 1 Wi A fj/i ft'W M'SI tt'>' T-ii ' S"'^ »w . K, fii i\ m. Lv* • I'fS • a;^ ' m.' m: > ' A NT ifl.< .nwrrncr, i to m Umg ami jo Anlitdli, «n ifljnil at the mouth of 8t T.«w '1 f'f- W «he _ ^ruad. It U full of rocks cuvrnd with wnodi And h.ii no hiirboiir t but cxccU Iriit cckI is found on ihr C'>;tfti. Anti}t9it, III.'- of i»ir linvli(h LrrwanI in.ind» Ml the W Iti'lici, alout jo m In length dtid briadth, fcnd 60 « by i« of Nl. Chri(h)j)hir. It h.i» fcvtr.1l k«>o«1 Eotts and in that cillcd I'lS'liHi h.ir- oiir, on the »« lulc, arc 4 roy.il navy y.iid;nul Hrfcnal, with convcnimct* for carniiinn Hiips of war. It i« d«*llitiin* of fftlli water, and ihr inliabit.int* fAvr the rain v,,Ucr in cillt rnii. Tlir chi»f pioiliu'h are fiin4r, rum, cotton wool, niul n)»Vtc. It W.I* tiken by the Ficnch in 1781, but rillored in 178). The ca- pital i^ St. John. AiitiUfjf the name which the French pivc to the C.irihbcf ill.mdu. .Inlioe/i, or Aniltutiii, .1 town of Syria, of which it was formerly tht c.ipital. This iincirnt ciiyi in wliicli the difiipica of Chrift were lirlt callrd ( hriltiiii'*, and yrt the fic of a (inck patriarch, is now almoft come to no- thing' I but the magnificent ruiiiH of it Hill remain. It is liattil on tht* rivir Oiontrs, nowc*llcd Ofi, i.s m horn the Mi'dit«'rranean, and 50 nw Aleppo. Lon. ;,6 40 1;, lat. yf^ 10 n. Anilochftta, a town of Afiatic Tiir- kiy, in Car.imania, and a billiup's fec'i fi-ated on thr M>diterraiiean, H« m » Cogni. Lou. 33 16 K, lal. ;,6 i,o n. Amioco, St. an idand on the sw cojft of Sardinia, 14 m long and 3 broad. In 1793 it waj takc-H by the Fiench, but evacuated foou after. Antiparos, the ancient Olciros, an illand of the Archipcl.igo, » m w of Paro8. It is only a rock, 16 m in cir- cuit ; yt-t, in fome parts, is well cul- tivated, and produces .is much barhy aii fervcs a fmall village. It h^s n re- markable grotto, altout 80 yavdt high and 100 broad, which contains a vail variety of figuren, of a white tranfparcnt chryftallinc fubftaiici*, refembling vegc- tablcR, marble pillars, and a fuperb marble pyramid. Lon. 35 44 u, lat. 37 8n. Antiquiot a town of New Grenada, capita! of a province famons for its gold mines. It h feated on the Cauca, 200 m NNW St. Fc. Lou. 74 20 w, lat. 6 50 N. Anti/a»a, one of the loftiell moun- tains of the Andes, in the vicinity of Quito. It was afcertaint'd bv Hum- boldt, in 1 803) to have riflng from it a crater, in the niidll of perpetual fnow, ai au elevation of 191130 fvet above the ANT level of thr fen And A h.imlrt of lh« f.im<* n.unr, eltvatrd ^llooferi «bovc the SUin of (^liio. and IJ.5 o above the '». !• uiHjucftion ibly the highrft Inhl* bited fpot on th<* furticr i>f thi' caith. ■ Inltinf, Sf. » town of Franci-, in the drpartnunt of Ifcre. j m kk St M«r* ctll'in Ant»uio, St. the moft nottherly and wrftnly of the Cape Verd ilLindN, 1 ^ m frt.m St. Vincent. I' \* full of high mountain!, whencf procec«l firi-.tmii of excflltni water, which rrndcr the land fruitful. The principal toMin Is frated among the mountain!. I.on. 15 10 w» lat. 17 M N. AntOHiot St. a town of nrafil, in the provinci' of IlhcoM, on a river t)f thr lame name, near ita mouth, 80 m ^ II- hcos. Antonio, St. a town of New Spain, capital of thr province of Texas. It is featetl on a rivcr of its name, 300 m ttnn Montelovcz. Lon. 95 40 w, lat. ■:« 40 N. Antonio Jf Capo, St. a town of Bralil, in thr province uf I'ernambuco, lituate near Capr St. Augullin, jo m s«w Olinda. Antonio de hi C'ufj, St. a town of New Sp.iin, in Ouaxaca, celebrated for the r<'mains of ancient Mrxicun fortiti- cations, 8j m n Guaxaca. Antomo de Seneci, St a town of New Mexico, on thi* w fide of Rio del Norte, 150 m .< by u St. Fc. Lon. 107 45 w» lat. .^4 15 N. Antonio dif Suchitff>ect St. a town of New Sp^in. in the province of Guaii- mala, liluateonariver, near its entrance into the I'jciiic ocean, 70 m w by w Guatimala. Lon. 93 at) w, lat. 14 44 N. Antrim, a county of Ireland, 4^1 m long and 27 broad ; bounded on the N and F by the fea, .f by Down, and w by Londonderry It is divided into 16 parilht'8, which include 170,000 inhabit- ants. This cuunty is much encumbered with bogs and moralles, though it en- joys a tolerable air. It has two great natural curiofities : Lough Neagh, a large lake, the waters of which are of a petrifyiuii; quality; and the Giants Caufcway, confiding of lofty pillars of bafaltes, all of angular fliapes, from three to eight fides, and extending 3 m along the feafhore- The linen manufa<5lure is carried on very extenfively in titis county. It fends five members to par- liament. The principal rivers are the Baun and Lagan. The aflizea are held at Carrickfergus. Antrim, a town of the county of As- Al frtm, now much dc t4kr« of the llnri a^tuU on a fin.ill II briow the lown rr Lough Neagh, tfi 1 Lou. f> 41 «v, lat. >4 Antrum, A mom Alpi, ill Valai*, b L)a(F4gr into the va Milanefe. Anlivfrft, a cliy I biHiop's fer, and no department of Twt on the Scheldt, whi wide, and large vr<1 the ciuay. In i\M il of FIcmKh commr (allied 100,000 inha vil warn, cnufcd by lip II, drove the ti It now contain! Old] who carry on fomi few flourlihing mat larly of lacr and lir is a Hne nnuMure, femblage of paintii matters of the Flemi are many fine paii churchei. The < thronged, and from Orelhain took the London, nowferves tioii of an academy tiire, architedlure, a The townhoufe, in place, is a noble tlrn eipal llreet i! a cm feet high, on a mai was made from a li the cruel duke of I fcif had fct up in tl tadel is eftetmed ( fortreflcs of the Lo werp was taken by ma in 1585, after ;* ble (lege. It has b( more eaftly fince, t French in 1794. Il and 65 8 Amitcrdan 51 13 N. Anvil/f, a town Dauphin county, fi Tiilphehockcn crec bctwien the Suf Schuylkil. 18 m k 65 WMw Philadelpf Aniufiller, a tow department of Mor Germany, in the du feated on the Queic dau. Anzarba, a towr in Caramania, featec AUaua. A NZ trim, now much tlcc'iyc«t, hut ft!tl par* Mlir* of the hnrn m«iiiit.«t:turr It lUiuh utt a rin.ill dream, which 4 liith* b^liiw the town rntrrt thi* hk rml ut' Luugh Ne^Khf lA m w Carriclil'crgui. Lon. 6 41 w, lat. 54 46 m. Antrum, A mittint^ln of the Swift Alp<«. ill V.ilau, by which thire it a u.iir.it(i« into thi! valley uf Aiitroiu, in Miliiiivre. Aniiufr^, A city of drabant. lately • hifliop'v r<-f, jiiiil iiov ih«' capit.it ot the dcpartmmt of Twk Ncthe*. h ItAiidi on the Scheldt, which l« here 400 ynrdi wide, and large vrfTeUmav come up to thi* miay. In 1 s68 it wan the chief murt of Fiemifh commerce, an»l then con- tained iuo,o 30 inhafiitanti but th*' ci« vil warn, caufcd by the tyranny of Phi- lip II, drove the trade to Amllcrdam. It now contalnii only 50,000 inliabitanti, who carry on fume commerce, and a frw flouriOiing manufacture;*, particu- larly of lace and linen. The cathedral in a hne nru<^iure, and contain! an af- fcmblagt* of paintingi by the grcatcft maneriiof the Ptemim fchooi; and there are many fine paintings in tlic other chnrchci. The exchange, oticf fit thronged, and fr»im which fir Thomai Oreniain took the model of that for London, nowfcrves for the accommoila- tion of an ac.idt'my for painting, fcnip- ture, architt'dure, and the mathematics. The lownhoufe, in the great market- place, is a noble llrnAui c. In the prin- cipal llret'tiia crucifix of bronziv ,^1 feet high, on a marblf pfdi'ftal. ThJH was made from a demolinied (latuc of the cruel duke of Alva, which he iri"n- fclf had fet up in the citadel. The ci- tadel is eftccined one of the ftrongcft fDrtrt'flcs of the Low Countries. Ant- werp was taken by the prince of Par- ma in 1585, after a long and memora- ble ficge> (t has been frequently taken more eafily fince, the laft time by the French in 1794. It is 32 m n Brunelo, and 6j s Amltcrdam. Lon. 4 23 t, lat. 51 13 N. Anvi//e, a town of Pennfylvania, in Dauphin county, fituate at the head of Tiilphehockcn creek, and on the canal hetwien the Sufqucbana and the Nchuylkil, 18 m kne Harri{burg, and 65 WNw Philadelphia. AniveilUrt a town of France, in the department of Mont Tonncre, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Deux Fonts ; fcated on the Queich, 8 m w by n Lan- dau. Anzarba, a town of Aflatic Tuikey, in Caramania, fcated in a plaini 35 m M( Adaua. A PH /f«.vrm(i, A town of New Oranxlif In the province of I'tipayan, where there arr mine* o' K«ihl< tt is feated on the river Caluclii>m \ fee AUegMntf, A/>alacliu(ila, a river ot N America, ft)rmcd 'jy the jundiou «)f the ( hat.v houchc and Flint, at nu old tiuliaii fort of the fame name on the h confineii of OeorK'ia, and thence Mown between W and K Morida into Apalaches hay, in the gulf of Mexico, K of Cape Blaizi\ Apatnta^ a town of 8yria, on the river ()(i, .jj m » Antioch. Apanomiat a town of tlie ifland of Santoriu, fcated on the nw coait, 7 tn NSW Scauro. Afitty one of the New Hebrides, x\:\i Mahcolto, in the P.icihc ocean. Lou. 168 27 K, lat. 16 46 9. Apenninij, a chain of mnuntaini, in Europe, which begins ne ir ()iiC),'lia, on the gulf of Genoa, p.tlii <\ round that gulf at no great diflance from the fca, then proceeds K to the centre of Italy, and afterward divides tha' c(>untry in a nadiatc se directicm to the cxtremitiei of the kingdom of Naples. Hence proceed all the v'verH which water Italy. The Apjtininen arc at firft a branch of the Alps, a!ul fome of them above 5,000 feet high; but on the border of Parma they turn to the sk, and afterward, in general, they may rather be regarded ai hills than as mountains. Apftiradtt or Aiienrade, a feap^rt of Denmark, in Shfwick, with a citadel. It is a placi' of conliderable trade, feat- ed at the end of a gulf of the Baltic, furrounded by hills, 27 m nnw Slef- wick. Lon. 9 38 b, lat. 55 8 s. Aphioni Karahijfar, a town of Afiatie Turkey, in Natolia, built round a high rock, on the top of which is a fortrefa. It is 3 m in circumference, and has a conliderable trade. The chief inanu- faAure is carpets; and the country around produces much upuim, called apbiom by the Turks It ItanUs on tiie M ill k &■> b ' ■')' I';'' I II.!. AQU Mlndra, 40 m s by u KiutaJA, and 180 B by N Suiyrna. Lon. 30 30 t, lat- 38 4- N. .'//>/>a plcxion ; ;nd have melancholy air, wli pofing afpe<5t of t dipnity iu their i itriking. Thi;y liv confider hofpitality and always aft wit Haves and infVrio vice of civilized 1 grades an Arab; tf gaming are uiil and Europe, v.ftablifli wherever they came. Aracan, or Reccan, of Afia, bounded on t gong, NE by Caflay, njah, and sw by tht The rainy feafon con A It A fcrta, between the Red fc.i, tlie Indian ocean, and tin* Pcrfian gulf. It in by far the mod confuIcrjiblL* pirt, and thouph the centre iu occupii d by very dry deferts, there are many ricli pro- vinces on the coalls, producing a variety oftrnits, honi-y, wax, cinnimon, caffii, manna, fpiktn -d, frankincenle, myrrh, an(.l coU'ee, oF which litter pr<)diiii(Mis quantities are exported, Th • Arabs are of a middle feature and brown coin- p!ex!on ; and have alw/^ys a grave and melancholy air, wliicii, aided liy the i n- pofing afpedt of their beards, gives a dipnity in their manner th it is very itriking. They live in tribes amicably, confidt-r hofpitaiity as a religion.^ duty, and always aft with kindnelH to their Haves and inferiors. Sellininefs, the vice of civilized nations, feldom de- grades an Arab; that tlrunkennefs and gaming are unknown among them. They derive their fublift«nce from their flocks, from hunting, and from what tliey acquire by plunder. They ac- knowledge no fovcreign but. the emir, or leading (heik, of their tribe, who is their natural prince, and to Whom they pay obedience. They have alfo fheiks, or chiefs, of an advanced ape, whom they often confult, and whofe advice they follow. The drefs of the Arabs confifts of a white robe, bound round with a broad leather girdle, faftened by aftrong buckle or large clafp. Their drawers are made oT linen, and defcend to the lower p:irt of the leg. They wear a kind or red cap on the head ; and fometinics they wear dippers, after the manner of the Turks, but are gene- rally in half boots that they may be ready to get on horfeback. Winter and fummer they wear a large cloak, flriped black and white, made of the hair of gcats or fome other ar.imal. Their erniis drefs in the fame m'>nner, except Viat their cloaks are for the moft part sll black. The Arabs in the deferts iive in tents, and remove from place to place, partly for the fake of pafliire, and partly to lie in wait for the cara- vans, which they often rob, as they travel over from Budiira to Ale[)tio, and from Cairo to Mecca. The famous Mohamed was a native of this country ; and his followers, foon aker his de;iih, conquered a great p.^rt of Afia, Africa, and Europe, c.ftabliniiug their religion wherever they came. ■'iracan, or Reccan, a fertile country of AQa, bounded on the nw by Chitu- gong, NE by Caflay, t and sk by Bir- mah, and sw by the gulf of bengal. The rainy feafon continues from April A It A (o 0(ftobtr; and the rclt of the year is called fumracr. The inhabitants arc idolaters. The women are tolerably fair ; but the loniiefl ears are leikoned the moll beautiful, and in thele they wear many rnigs. They are a daltardly race of people, and have only courage to attack dclencch f< nierchanta and boatmen There are fiicli numbers of elephants, l.at^'ilos, i .d tigers, that but few plact.d are itihabited, on account of the ravages made by thele animals. The commodities are (alt, elephants tieth, be»ts wax, and rice ; !)Ut its tr.ide was never very coi'.lilei.ible. Aracan wa» long an independent nation, governed by a king; but it we. lubdneil by the Birm.ins in 1783, and is now a province of lli.it enipiie. Jracaii, the capital of Uie country of the faint name, with a-; extenlive fort. The river Ar.ican inns through the city, and w.iters the ftreets by means of fe- veral arms or canals, into which it is divided. The inhabitants are about 100,000. It was taken by the Birman^ in 178J. It is z6o ni sse lilamabad, and 230 wsw Ava. Lon, 93 10 e, lat. 20 38 N. Arad, a town of Hungary, with a ftrong fortrefs, on the river Maros, 24 m NNE '1 emefwar. ArafTOHy a province of Spain, bound- ed on the N by the Pyrenees, w by Na- varre and the Two Caftiles, s by Va- lencia, and K by Valencia and Catalo» nia. The country, though abounding in rivers, is in want of good watrr. It is fertile in corn, wine, flax, and fruit, near the rivers, but in other places dry and fandy ; it alfo produces faffron, and there are many mines of fait. Saragofla is the capital. Araiche, a feaport of the kingdom of Fez, at the mouth of the liver Kos. It has a Itrbng caltle, and fvveral batteries on the banks of the river. The larger vefllls of the emperor generally winter in a cove of the liver, wlicre tiierc are magazines of naval ftores. It is 40 m asw i angier. Lon. 6 2 w, lat. 35 11 N. Aral, a lake of Independent Tartary, 120 m K of the Cafpian fea. It is aoo m in Kiigth, and in fome pl.^ccs 70 in breadth. T^' ^vater is fill, and there arc many fmall faline lake? in the vici- nity. AroHih, a town of Spain, in Old Caitile, on the Doiiro, 4Z m s Burgos. -i'linjnez, a town of Spain, in New Callile, w til broad ftreets interfering • each other at right angles. The great fquare is furround^d by porticos, and bas a fountain that fuppliej the town D I im m\ 11 '^'■W '^m »i|j; ^ifl W^i OhI m mBP |i« Wt 'M t'^ I with w.itcr. Men' arr throe chuiches, a royal p.ilnco with beautiful p.ir- denn, and a theatre for the bulUfiKlita. In the palaci', the Supreme Junt?. of Government of thn Kin^'(lom were in- ftalh'il and held their fnlt meeting, Sep. 25, i8c({- Aranjuez is featid on the Tajo, .30 m s by k Madrid. Lon. 3 48 w, lat" 40 6 N. Ararat, ^ ftupendouf? detached moun- tain of Perlian Armenia, on thcconfines of Turkey. It has two fummits, which are generally funouuded by clouds, and the higheft is always covered with fnow. Arast a river of Perf;:'. the ancient At axes, which rifes in the mountains to the SK of Erzerum, pafies ncartoErivan and Nakfivan, and joins theKur, nearly oppolitc Javat, in the province of Schir- van. AraJTt, a maritime town of the terri- tory of Genoa, .1; m sw Albenga. Arnui'a, a fortrcfd of Upper Ilun- jary, (.n a river of the fame name, 72 in Nw ("aflbvia. Lon. 20 o e, Lit 49 30 n. Aran, a town of Swiflerland, capital of the canton of Argau, with manu- fadures of cotton, printed linen, and cutlery. A treaty between the pro- tf ftant and catholic cantons was con- cluded here in 171". It is feated on the Aar, 27 m w Zurich. Lon. 7 50 t, lat. 4725 N. Aravacourcliy, a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Coimbetore, with a neat fort, and a bazar of well-built houfe.s. It (lands on tlje Nunganji, 23 m K Daraporam. Arauco, a fortrefs and town of Chili, fituate in a fine valley, on a river of the fame name, 40 m s by w Conception. AraxestOX AraSidnsci of Afia, which rifes in Georgia, flows se acrofs Ar- menia, and joins the Kur, near its en- trance into the Cafpian fea. Arba, an ifland, 30 m in circumfer- ence, on the coart of Dalmatia, from which it is 5 m diftant. The foil is rich, but the inhabitants are indolent. It has a town of the fame name. Lon. 1455 E, lat. 45 5 N. Arberg, a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Bern, on an ifland formed by the river Aar. It is 10 m NW Bern. ArMl, or Erbille, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Kurdiftan, the ancient Ar- bella, near which Alexander defeated Darius. Here are the remains of an an- cient caftle, and in the vicinity are naphtha pits. It is feated in an exten- five plain, 50 m N by w Kerkouk, and 80 F. Moiu!. Arivu, a town of France, in the de- A It C partmrnt of Jura, famous for ilii white wines, [t is 22 m sw Hel'inc(»u. Arbnjrn, a town of Sweden, in Weft- mania, on the river Ulvifon, by whirh and a can.1l it has a comnninication with the lakes Ilif-lmar and M.ielar. It is 25 rn tNE Orebro, and 30 s\* Wefteras. Arbon, a town of SwifTerland, on the lakeofCjMiltai.ee. 12 m ^E Conftance Arbroath ; i'xAbirb-oth'wick. Arburf^, a town Oi Swiflerland, in the canton of Bern, with a citadel on a rock, feated on the Aar, 12 m e So- ieure. Arcadia, a feaport of Europenn Tur- key, in Morea, governed by a bey. It ftands at the foot of a mountain, and on the s part of the gulf of its name, 22 m N Navarin. Lon. 21 42 e, lat. 37 ■24 N. Arceuil, a village of France, 3ms Paris, remarkable for its nquedu(5t to that city, built in 16:4, by Mary do Medicis. ArchanfrA, a city of Ruflia, capital of a government of its name. It was the only feaport of UufTia for many years, and was firft reforted to by the Englidi ^ in 1553. The trade is yet confidcrahle, ' though greatly diminiflied fince the building of Peterfljurg. In 1 793 , a .fire deftroyed great part of the city a;u! fuburbs ; but they have been rebuilt with neatnefs. Archangel is feated on the Dwina, 4 m from the White fea, and 400 NE Peterfljurg. Lon. 3859 e, lat. 64 34 N. Arch'iuona, a town of Spain, in Gra^ nada, with an ancient caftle, 13 m nnk Antequera. Arc/iipclaj^o, a part of the Mediterra. nean fea, having Romania on the n, Natolia on the e, the ifle of Candiaon the s, Macedonia, Livadia, and Morca on the w. It is partly in Europe, and partly in Afia, containing the iflands of Rhodes, Negropont, Lemnos, Teiie- dos, Scirus, Metelin, Scio, Samo."., Pat- mos, Paros, Antiparos, Cerigo, Santo- rini, Andros, Tina, Naxia, Milo, Delo-. Hydra, Argentiera, and many others. Arc/iifielaj^o, Northern, a part of tlis I Pacific ocean, having the peninfula of I Kamtfchatka on the w, and that ofj Alaflca on the e. It includes a numbcr| of iflands, among which are four prin- cipal groups. The firft, called ^alig- nan, contains five iflands; the fecond,! called Khoa, includ<'s eight inanclsjj •Hid both thefe groups tv)gether ara ftyled the Aleutian Iflands. The third group,called the .AndreanofFlki OftrovaJ comprifes 16 iflands; and the fourtil ?roup is the L Jllands, ,6in „ *« '^ii'ha. and ■he /kins of nri liciihirly tlK' fea n'Hl Oonalajka. ''mj,atowni Ji^ntofAube,, ^ J royf s. . Arco, a town ; '" }'yro\, taken aiid ab.indoncd f. the Scarca, , 5 ,„ /Jrcoj,n town ;«"th a caftle, feal Z^^' r'vcr Cn .■^icot, a city o of the C.irnatic. and a place of fo nabob often refid( vicinity are ccJebr oy numerous pilt .manufacture of GO- 'S feated on the .s b mw by s Madras, ^-ingapatam. Lon. ; ■^"da^h, a town ^onnty of Longtor Kilmore, g.ves nai 3 here ,« no cathc place of refidc.ce. iord. . '^'''f'^^/A .1 town jan, the refidence = Sfy ''•"£:«; partici the author of the Pe ff'^^'rt to this p|,ce J't-rfia ; a„d carava paflingtoandfromi {»myrna. It fg ^^ , 47joK, l3t.38«N. ^rdechf, a (leparti c ud.ng the l.,te tcr ;t takes Its name fr, flows into x\,^. Rho Spftaf ^'^ ^'^-'- 'and, in the county < ) iarge mount, Lr ^^e fuppofe it' to I P'-^ceof,heIrifl,ki;' ^•; a place where th, to deliberate on publ ./Cglr^'^*°H Ardennes^ a denarl S«f?reft,lyln;o^ rhe principal town \ '^rdfert, a borough | fft- ich ion It the ice d, in on a fc So- Tur- 1, aiin nam»'» lat. i7 I'na to ary dc ipitalof ft'as the A 11 D jrroiip is the Kiirn." Oftrovn, or tlic i'ux Jllands, 1 6 in number. Tlicj- ;»il i)*Ic>ni< to Hudiri, and nre v.iluahic chit-fly for the flsins of nnimals found thnc, par- litularly tin* fca otter. Sec I''o.v Ijlaids nnd Oonalnjka. '/rrn, a town ofFrancr.in the depart- ment (if Aube, on the river Aubc, 15 m N Troyes. Arco, a town and caftle of Germany, in Tyrol, taken by the Froncb in 1703, and abandoned foon aftfr. It ftands on the^'Carca, 11; m wsw Trent. Arcos, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with a caAlc, fcatcd on a crapgy rocl<, by the river GuadaK^ei 38 m sse Se- ville. Arcot, a city of Hindooftan, capital of the Carnatic. The ciladil in large, and a place of fome ftrcnpth ; but ilie nal)ob often n'fidcs at Madras. In the vicinity are celebrated temples, vilitcd by niimerou8 pilgrims. Arcot has a manufadure of coarfe cotton cloth. It is feated on the s bank of the Paliar, 66 m w by s Madras, and iDo E by N Se- ringapatam. Lon. 79 ?,^e, lat. la 51 n. Arda^h, a tov/n of Ireland, in the county of Longford, which, united to Kilmore, gives name to a bifliopric. There is no cathedral, or epifcopal place of refide-.ce. It is 7 m sk Lung- lord. Ardeb'tl, a town of Perfia, in Adcibi- jan, the relidence and burial-place of many kings ; particularly of flieik St-fii, the author of the Perfian fi.-d. Piljirims refort to this place from all parts of Perfia ; and caravans are frequently pafllngto and from Conftantinopic and Smyrna. It is 40 m e Tabriz. Lon. 47 so E, lat. 38 R N. Ardeclifi a department of France, in- cluding the late territory of Vivarez. It takes its name from a river, which flows into the Rhone, at the s extre- mity of the department. Privas is the capital. Ardee, or Atherdee, a borough of Ire- land, in the county of Louth. Here is a large mount, apparently artificial j fome fuppofe it to have been a burial- plnce of the Irifli kings; others, that it was a place where the people aflTembled to deliberate on public affairs. It is 14 m Nw Drogheda. Ardenburg, a town of Flanders, 10 m NE Bruges. Ardennes^ a department of France, containing part of the late province of Champagne. It is fo named from a fa- mous foreft, lying on the river Meufe. The principal town is Sedan. Ardjert, a borough of Ireland^ in the ARE county of Kerry, and a bifhop's fcf united with .-\|;lia(toe to Limerick. It was formerly the capital of tiie county, but is now a poor place, with cxtenfive ruins. The cathedral i;; in good repair. It is featt'd on a river which runs into Tralie bay, 7 m nnw Tr.ilee. Ardmcre., a town of Ireland, in th» county of Waterford, on a cape and bay of its name, 10 m bsv,? Dungarvon. Ardoc/i,n villai,'c of t;coi land, in Perth- fln'rc, on the rivtr Allan. 6 in ne Dum« blane. litre is the veftigc of a large Hoinan camp, luppofcd to b<. the moft pcrfpdt in Qpeat liritain, which is now cnclofcd with a wall to prefervc it from future demolition. Ardra, a fmall kingdom of Guinea, on the Slave coaft, at th<* bottom of the gulf of St. Thomas. The country is fertile in maize, palm wine, plants, and fruits, which laft all the year; and it produces a great deal of fait. It has a town of the fame name. Lon- 3 5 e, lat. 6 o N. Ardres, a town of France, in the de- partment of Pas de Calais. On an open plain between the town and Guifnea was the celebrated interview between Francis i of France and Henry vin of Kngland, in 1520. It is 10 m sse Calais. Arebo, or Arebon, a town of Guinea, on the Slave coaft, at the mouth of the Formofo. Lon. 5 5 e, lat. 6 o n. Areca, an ifland in the gulf of Perfia, 3 m sw Ormus. The Dutch attempt- ed to eflablilh a fu-tory, and built a fort here, but were expelled by the Per- fians. Arekea ', fee Arkiko. Areniberf^y the capital of the dnchy of WciVjhalia, and of a county of its name. It is feated on a hill, by the river Roer, aa m SSE Ham, and 63 ne Cologne. Lon. 8 10 E, lat. 51 a3 v- Arenjhurg, a feaport of Unflia, in the government of Riga, capital of the ifle of Oefel, and a bifhop's fee. Lon. 25 40 E, lat. 58 15 N. Arenjhard, a diftri l/ltr,i, , r, I Ari.ino, ;i utv. «na branch oft ,'nca, A /oapc cef,. of /\re,juip t''"-d, and has I "••thquakes. lU f'om P(,fon is i "1^ 'jy farms empl "f Guinea p,.pp great trade. It ^ Lon. 70 25 w, lai ^*rienzo,n tovvi cliLavoro, ,4mN Antidal, a town poven.mcnt of B, P;odu(flive iron n jt IS /eatcd near Arhithot, a town Partmentof f, r,.i,8 ^'^rifio, a town on «'>,at the mouth 01 ^0 25.E.lat.8 4sN. ^''•'jc/i, a town an( ag".'^ of the Medil " g'ves name. Th maftergofitinr^Qo. , y the Turks H^dEi he year. In ,800, the figned a convention i troops of the latter fgypt; but the Engl ratify thecapitulft «n the confines of Arl i6mswGaza,andif /^['JP'y a city of ^ ".the province of Sor Jtion does not exceec f. '^ by w Cinaloa. .Man/a, a river of Jesm the mountain J New Mexico, in ab^ ""vvs 2,70 miles, the! nexuous,tothei\Jiflifli te/sin lat. 3.4, J, J, 1 I f^y party, under lieutl IT H "/^'"'^^'* by hir Jdefcended by Jieiu ted ."" r '^V "-'ountai J JMoo miles becomes f otland, liirc, s ambar- ocean, d3 and om the ty ; its 40 m into 49 parlia- int3 was i8ii- irly dc- anty ; it j lurclian, ar: the )wal arc f idands 11, inay, il of Ar- though brds ex- covered t rugged the hills woods ; copper> n is In- kofDen- • a diocefe Lndedby led on the AUK >5 m 8 Wilnng. Lon. 9 50 b, lat. ,)"6 r> N- 'hiano, .1 town of Naples, in Princi- pato Ultra, i r, m k by N Ben'-rmto. ^Iri.wo, a town of Italy, in Fcrrarefe, on a branch of the K), ixm nk Teirara. 'r/V^, ;i fcaport of I'crn, in the dio- cef butit was retaken by the Turks and En^difli n the end'of theyear. In i8oo,theTurksandFrench figned a convention here, by which the troops of the latter were to evacuate Egypt ; but the Englilh admiral refufed to ratify the capitulation. Arifchftands on the confines of Arabia and Faleftine, j6m sw Gaza, and uo ne Suez. Arifpe, a city of New Spain, capital of the province of Sonora. The popu- lation docs not exceed 8000. It is 330 m N by w Cinaloa- Lon. 108 55 w, ht. 30 36 N. ■irkanfa, a river of Louldana, which rifes in the mountains on the N border of New Mexico, in about lat. 41 n, and flows 2170 miles, the lower half vtfry flexuous, to the Mifliffippi, which it en- ters iti lat. 33 45 N. In 1S06, the ftream of this river was ftruck by an explora- tory party, under lieut. Pike, in lon. 96 30 w, lat. ? 7 44 N ; and from this point it was ufcended by him to its Iburce, Jnd defcended by lieut. VVilkinfon to its mouth. Its whole length, except 190 m in the mountains, may be navi- I gated in fpring with boats conftrudted I for the purpofe, and meet with no de- jtentions : but infummcr, foon after at- Itaining the plain, the ri» er for upward |i|f 400 miles becomes nearly dry, the IM extending over a wide fandy foil ; liDd lower down, below the inQux of ARM Grand river, is a perpendicular fall of near fcven feet, and rapids that extend feveral hundred miles. Its banki, in ge* neral, A R N Agimi, ¥»ith a fqiiare fort, oo m nnw Call) in. .Irmaj^rtiJ.-, n late province of Fmnrc, in GuiiD^c, 5< m long and 40 lno;ul. It is fertiK- in corn ;inii wine, and liH .1 tracfc in brandy and «•■ ol. 'I his pro- Tincc, with Cilcony, now forms the de- partment of Gcrs, Armenia, a l.irgc country of Afi.i, pan ill Turkey and part in Persia ; bounded on the w by thr Euphrates, 8 by Diarljek and Kuidiftan, k by Schir- van, and n by Gct)rpii. It is a fine country, being w.tttred by fivcral large rix'er*. Thf inhabitants arc much at- tached to comrrifrce, and undertake long journeys to carry it on. '1 lity are chiefly Chriftians, and have a patriarch and an archbifhop. Krzcrum and Kri- »an are the two capitals. ArmentitTj. i town of France, in the department of Nord, feated on the Lia, J m WNW Liflf. Armkri, a town of France, in the de- Earttntnt of Nord, fcafcd on the Sann- re, :o m s Mons. Armiro, a town of European Turkey, in Macedonia, on the gulf of Velo, 30 jn sa Lariflfii. Lon. 23 12 e, lat. 39 30 n. Armuydi-n, a town of Holland, in the ifland of Walcheren, now inconfider- able, the fea having ftopt up the har- bour. Tiic fait works are its chief re- fourcc. It is 3 m e Middleburg. Arnay It Due, a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or, feated in a valley, near the river .^Airoux, 25 m NW Baune. Arueberg, a town of Brandenburg, in the Old mark, with a luincd caftic on » hill, by the river Elbe, 3 m from Werben. Arttfdo, a feapnvt of Peru, with a good harbour, in the Pacific ocean, s5 W N Callao. Lon. 76 53 w, lat- 11 40 s. Arnhaui'en, a town of Germany, in Further romerania, 27 m ssb Colberg. Arn/ietm, a ftrong town of Holland, in Gelderland, capital of the quarter or county of its name. It was formerly the rcfidence of the dukes of Celd(r- land, and is feated on the Rhine, 8 m n J»Jimeguen. Lon. 5^ 54 e, lat. 52 2 N. Arno, a river of Tufcany, which rifes In the Apennrnes, and paffing by Flo- rence and Pifa, enters the gulf of Ge- noa, a little below the latter town. AiuJ/jeim, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Jlhine, 8 m from KreuzMiach. Arhj.adt, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, with a caftle, a p.ilace, a/id three churches j feared on the Cera, 11 pi s grfurt. A H H Arn/Jfift, n town of Fraiiconia, in the principality of Wurtzluirg, with a caf- tle; Icat'd on the Weren, 9 m sw Scliweinfuit. Aroi/inge.ji city of Prrfia, in Sfgrflan, and the capital of a di(lri(Jl to which it gives name. It is no m ssw Canda- har, and jio fflh Zaicng. i.on. 65 4<3 E lat. 3t 20 N. Afolfcn, a town of Germany, in the county of VValdech, near the river Aar, 29 xi\ .H8K Paderbovn. Arona, a town of Italy, in Milanefe, with a ruined caftle, once the principal rtfidence of the Borrtjmeau f.imily, where St. Charles was born On the fummit of a hill near the town la ercttcd a c»»lo(ral flatue ot this eminent arch- bifliop of Milan. Arona is an adive trading place ; and in the cathedral are fnmc fine pa-ntings. It ftands on the lake Maggiore, 3' m wnw Milan. Aronehcii a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, with a c.iftle, on the river Caro, 16 m se Portalegre. ArooK a town of Riiflia, in the go- vernment of Kiof, feated on the Occa, 20O m s Mufcow. Lun. 36 40 E, lat. 51 .5« ^■ Arpino, a town of Napleb, in Terra di Lavoro, 8 m n Aquino. Arquattiy a town of the territory of Genoa, feated on the Scrivia, 25 m k Genoa. Artjiiato, a town of Italy, in Padiun, famous for the vill.i and tomb of Pe- trarch. It ftands on the N fide of a hill, 10 m s Padua. Argues, a town of France, in the de- partment of I,ower Seine, with an an- cient caftle. Here Henry iv gained a complete viiSory over the duke of May- enne, general of the league, in 15&9. It ftands un a river of its name, 4 m se Dieppe. Arraajff, a feaport of Brafil, in the province of Fernambuco. It i? built on a narrow channel, with a caftle to defend ih.e entrance, and efteemed the rtronguft place in all Brafil. Lon. 2,(i 'o ^^'j 'at- 8 10 s. Arraht a town of Hindooftan, in Ha- bar, T,^ m w by s Pai.ia. Arraiti an illand of Scotland, in the frith of Clyde, to the s of the ille of Buie. It is of an oval form, 20 m long and 12 broahguat';p, but has no town. The principal village id Kilbride, on the s F. coaft, near the buy of 1 •r.mlr.Jh. Lon. 4 j8 u', Ln.55 ^^ N. y!rrn>i I/Us, or South Arran ijlandsy three iflands on the w coaft of Ireland, oppolite the bay of Galvvay. Arraj, a fortified city of France, ca- pital of the department of Pas de Calais, and an cpifcopal fee. It is divided into two towns, one named tlie city, which is ancient, and the other the town, which is modern. The great fquaiv is full of fine buildings funounded with piazzas. It is fealed on the Scarpe, a m vvNw Cambray. Lou. a 46 e, lat. 50 17 N. Arrif^f,:\ depart mcnt of France, con- tainii : the late provinces of Couferans and i oix. It h .0 named from a river, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and palFing by Foix and P.uniers, enteis the Ga- ronne, near Toulonfe. Gold duft is found among its faiids. Foix is the ca- pital. Arroe, a frnall illand of Denmark, in the Baltic, between the iflands of Funcn and Alfen. Lon. 10 ao e, lat. 55 10 n. Arrojo de St. Ser-van, a town of Spain, in Eftremadura, 8ms Merida, and 25 e Badajoz. Arroo, five iflands in the Indian ocean, to the s and w of New Guinea, extend- ing from 5 30 to 7 o s lat. with narrow channels between them- The chief pro- dud is fago. During the dry or weftern monfoon numerous flocks of the birds of paradife from New Guinea refide in thcfe iflands, where great numbers are killed, dried, and exported to Banda. The Arroo ifles are conlidered as be- longing to the Dutch. Arfur, a town on the coaft of Syria, in Paleitine, with a fortrefs, 10 m N Jaffa. Arta, a town of European Turkey, in Albania, anda Greekarchhifliop'sfee. It has a confiderable trade in corn, cotton, wool, leather, taffeties, tobacco, wine, timber, &c. It is feated on the river Arta, near its entrance into the gulf of Arta,'3o m sse Janina. Lon. ai 20 E} lat. 39 28 N. Artaki, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in A « C Natolia, on the s coail of tlie fe;j of Marmora, 76 m svv Conftantiiiople. liintains, flows in a loiij; meandering courle to the w, aiul eht»r8 the fca N of the bay of St. Ma.k. Ario'ts, a late province of Fiance, bounded on the a and ri by Flaiultrs, and s and w by llaiiiault, Cambrelis, and Picardy. It is now included in the department of Pas de Calais. Arnha, an ifl and [5 m in circumfer- ence, near the coaft of Terra Firma. Lon. 70 5 w, lat. i: 10 n. Arvf, a rapid river of Savoy, which rifes in Faucigny, and watering .S;<. Icnche, Clufe, and iJonncvillc, joins the Rhone below Geneva. Arundtiy a borough in Suflex, govern, ed by a mayor, with a market on Wed- mfday and Saturday. It ftands on the lide of a hill, by the river Arun,andhai a venerable Gothic church, formerly col- legiate. Its caftle, an ancient feat of the dukes of Norfolk, is faid to be a mile in compafs : the owner of this caftle, without any creation, is earl of Arundel. The river is navigable for barges ; and great quantities of timber are fent hence for the dock-yards. Jt is 8 m SE Chichefter, and 56 ssw Lon- don. Lon. o 29 w, lat. 50 55 n. Arivatiffen, a town and caftle of Swif- ferland, in the canton of Bern, an the river Aar, 1 a m e Soleuie. Arxilla, a town of the kingdom of Fez, on the feacoall, at the mouth of a river, 25 m ssw Tangier. Arzroum ; fee Krzerum. Afab, a town of Abylfinia, in Dan- cali, on a bay of the Red fea, 36 m se Bailur. Afaphi St. a city of Wales, in Flint- fhlre, on the river Elway, where it unites with the C'lwyd. It is a poor place, of note only for iis cathedral, but has a market on Saturday. It is 34 m w Chefttr, and 205 nw London. Lon. 3 36 w, lat. 53 12 N. Afcenjion, a barren illand, in the At- lantic ocean, 600 m nw St. Helena. It is 10 m long and 6 broad, and has a fafc harbour, where the E India ihipi often touch to procure turtles, which are here plentiful and large. Lon. 14 a8 w, lat. 7 57 «• Afchajfenburg, a town of Ger-many, '¥■•'.- M lUi' u'^ ■'. ii!> A S 11 !Atfly ill llic territory ol Mfiitz, but njw till- cipit.tl of .1 principality, of th-.- Time nnmc. Hire i^ a p.ilac^*, in wliicli Cu'vr^X ri took iip lii'< «|inrtt'r8 the niKlit f cforc the I) itth- wn trcls nl" HimUiollan, in C andeilh, jo in KL Bi.ilianpniir. Ajhhorn, a town in Dcrbylhirc. with a niarki't on Saturday. It is f nnoiisfoi* checff, and iVattd between the rivers Dove and Compton, lu m nk, Utoxct*!*! and 139 NNw London. A.'^uruham, a town of Miffachiifcts, in VVorcerter cninty, 30 m n Worccftcr, and 54 Nw Hofton. Ajhburton, a borough in Dcvonlhire, with a market on Tuelday for wool and yarn, ami on S.iturday for provifions. It 19 one of the four ftannary towns, and haRaccnliderablpmaiuifaiJtnre offcrgt^s. It ftands among hilN (remarkable for tin and copper) near tiie river D;irt, 19 m sw Exelcr, and iqj w by s London. Lon. 3 50 w, hit. 50 30 N. Ajhby de la Zouch, a town in Leicef- terfhire, with a market on Saturday. It had a caftle with a very high tower, fomi' ruins of wliich remain. Here are inanufajJluies of (lockings and liatB ; »nil * corliderahle trade in malt A canal from the town communicates with the Coventry canal. Aihby is ij m s Derby, and 1 1 s n Nw London. Ajlfitld., a town of MairachulVts, in Hampshire county, 15 m nw North- ampton. Ajhfordt a (own in Kent, governed by a rtiayor, with n market on Tnefday. The church is large, and was form(?rly cone;riate. It is featcd on the Afh, near its conflux with the Stour, 14 m sw Canterbury, and 55 sk London. Ajfordt a towa of Conncfticut, in Windham county, 14 m n Windham, and ^3 tt.K Hartford. Ajhmunein, a town of Egypt, built on tiie ruins of a city, fuppofed to be the tijciint Hcrmopolis, on the left bank of .\ s r thi" Nile, 140 Hi ^sw C.iiro. Lon. .^i 7 K, lit 38 10 N. A hticif^iir, a town of Candahir, in t^e province of Cabul, fcatev in a niindu- Itaie It ia lituate near a bay of the Cafpi.in fca, 40 m I' by N S.iri Ajht'm. a village in l.ancalhire, 4 m fl Wigan. It his onlidtrable mjnu« fatitiirei of cotioii and hardware. Ajhton-uiult-rl.iiif, a village in Lan- cifhirc, (eaicd on a high bank by the river Tame, 7 rn t Manchefltr. It has a large church, a manufai'hire of cotton, an iron fomulry, extenfivc collieries*, and a can il from Maiichefler. which is bee -nini'd by the Huddersficld and Peak I')ri'll canals. AlhrMell, a vill.ige in Ilertforddiiro, 4 m N liildock. It was formerly a bo- rough ; and "ear its fine church are the remains of a Roman camp, which con- lilts of 12 acres of land, enclofed by a deep ditch. Many fepulchial urni have been dug up in the neighbour- hood. ASIA, one of the four grand div'.- fi Ills of the world ; bounded on the tf by the Frozen ocean, e by the Parific ocean, s by the Indian ocean, and v/ by the Red fca, the Mediterranean, the Hlack fea, the Don, the Volgr., the Uial mountains, and the river C" ira. It extends 6,050 m from the Dar.lanelles on the w, to the t Ihore of Vartary ; and .s-iSo m from the mod fouthern part of Malacca to the moP. northern cape of Nova Zembla ; beiag fuperior in extent, as well as in many other re- fpedts, to Africa and Europe. This quarter of the globe has 'xien the fceiie of the mod important *.ranfadions re- fpcding the human rajc; as the cre- ation of man, the eftanifhment of the Hebnvv nation and religion, the pro- mulgation of Chrifti?nity, &c. In early times, this vail extent of territory was fiiccenively governed by the AfFyrians, Medes, Perliuns, md Greeks ; but the rL'gions of India and China were little known to Alexander, or the conquerors of the ancient world. On the decline of thefe empires, great part of Alia fubmitted tr the Romans ; and .nfter- ward, in thr. middle ages, the Saracens founded in Afia, Africa, and Europe, a more ext'.'nfive empire than that of the Roman when in its height of power. The Saracen greatnefs ended with the m ,-• V- "•■ V '■>" '■'" '*■ / :*• .*• fO/ / « T ■y /; .\ \ -r ■\ .X^ N O •V ^M-'a^^o* »" H V "//<1 ^ »»"*-• mVm TAH I ,v 1 -A ..K^ ^^ 5-c 5i5 WV ii/(W« (III, •*»»' liwy^/ ..^-^ ^ T a\ H ;V^^;^^, *"/'i yiMrri" "••/A K T/ii- ?*•-«' «o/?»^ •^": II / '"J^ 7V.> .,., >»«>«•>*'»••"• ii' r4\ 'aV M iV^'- \ • Air ,»«* ''. \ 'Aluitmu O i 1*" . ^ '('i/nu4jni !"■ ^iti 'Ii/>inlu \ .1 f./.l'l'"*' pour ''iZinit*' I'K, U.fr \\ \ \ or AniUmanjll . 1)-' A.vMd loiitlil CTfi/i \(,'uitiin. Troy. iii'A'.*.'-- • _ • • •• L«-''. -77.;''^""' • LiKxai Al.»«' u^^w*! ■ /ifUwyrui/y ridjr A KtfLATVH fOtIi \ itfinra Avrisy "(isi. l/;,MiA-V >.>,, i; /,*;»', lioriioo 1 • (trlrlx-M Si i Intra IhUilo I. o f* '■>''- N i/7i*i' "/(JirJ %»^ iK iutfj If i ll!%lnuu If K )(/«/•<■ '^>!5 AAtrutai -ZT X rit^Au'' bx/ulSd p-. iTr' r/ilf /i ' Imlaiid ••r vKnirSlunii. ^>. HttLLASI j\lii w I r*i ii I «l'«lh »»f Tin ti)ni|MPn)r* »ir irtii of thv II t^ hic>i till Y r »MUiilr'«t i»i r l.irl.iry, Ch )V'»l4, Ar.iM lirnil p..t'l(.tlli J!tuii, Coil, fllM iii.iy Ih' tiiiHhl I UJplwllVC tOKII Aj!ng,i, A In liiKi, '.o m N » ■ liiiitt,', rr A'rii. . rioitli i)» ripltal tit ot'iih t. I.it 8 I > N, .l/in/ini, j»n ririciii, on thf ' 111 N' bjr w S.id,, pir>. friJili' Aiul III. 410 s. ■ l/'/ientO)!, a t!ic roiliity of I cilUi', aiitl lor c aliluyi ill till' cii ilic Di'fl, iitir Sli.iniion, 18 rn vv -Ijierjini//, .1 tn' ricia, mar iln- m 'l/->rit(, a town .ini.irkft iiiri'liiir "re, lil rn wsw I l.oiuloii. • //?//i; fic l:jhf. ■ ijhitnu, a tnwi nutiiic'iu of Upp llcll ic- ' '^ .//(^.(V, a town 01 20m sK Urtfci.i. ■■l/bJo, i town o with a CpacioiiK cit hrromidcd by wa tlie Miiriiu',-|7m 'l/'/'/j, or .Izo/, I'lliii M'tCoiU, lyiii >vith which it co llrait of Tainan. tMllcd the Sea of Z ll'i") SW to N K. /ljo/>/i, a c (hiin pile, in the pr ■vine inchidinp a laigt- t tlic V of the tov n ceik-d by the I'u flftiT thr.t period, V'tie built by Cati which, Catharincnfl 'ijb/>/i, a town ol cipitaiof tht'dirtii(f I'Mtcd on the s brani i.t8 t-ntrancc into the tortrcfs has b«n fcv« A SO ilrdth of Timtrl.Ui'- 1 atiJ Ihr Turku* i(>ir>-t'« iMti of thv iniiMli* rc(;ioo« nr'kill.ii yiuil. Coil, ciirMitCf tM't prttdiiOl)()')«, in.iy \tv ttiiMiil uiuiir t.f nunc* ot thr lilp^'Clivc coiMiiricH. Ajlnj((i, 4 town of Ita'y, In Vic««- tint*. 10 m f* ^ kni/a. .litiil,', If .IjirHto, a country of A'iu . iioitit o( thi> Ciolil cuill. Till' r.ipltAl \* ttt' (lie i' N. .yiniini,»r\ ifi-irul in thf Mi'iliirrrn- rintr.iii. on th«' nvv coAtl of Sarttini.!. 17 III N by w S.iir.iri. It !•» aH m ir) com- v.\i\, ffitiji' Ami popirl(»iiik. I.oii. il 2( iL, l.ii . 4 1 o N . Ai heiilon, A boron;;!* of Inl^ml, in tliouuntyuf Limcrirl(, noted for '\\% cillli', aiiil for oni- oftlu* luoft pirfi<*l vhlK-ys in tiic country. It io ftttcil on the l)<-fl, III ir itit I'oiifliix wiih the Sh.itinon, 18 in whsv l.imcriclc. .l/ier/untl, a town of Swrilrn, in Nf- rici.iiiHsir ilii> Niiul uf thclukc Wetter, i.i m !>sv\ ()ii'l)r.>. yljirix, a town in N Yorklhin', with ani.irkrt on TItiirfd.ty ; Icitctl nc.«r tiic Urc, iti in wsw Kictuuuud, and 246 n l.oiiilon. .Ijh/i ; ftc /''/»>•• ■ ijnitrtij, a town of, France, in the* dc- pirtniciu of Upper Vifiiiic, 10 m NW .Iji^.ii, a town ofi It.ily, in Ha-fciaiio. jom >.K UrtTci.i. ,'i/6/o, 1 town of Italy, in Trcvifano, with a fp.icioii'i citadel on .1 hill. It is liirioiiiiil'-d by walls, and lituatc near the Miif.'iii','!; n\ nw Ticvifo. .t/'>/>/j, or .Itof, a fca. ancient!/ tlie iMiM M'xoiii, lyinp n of the BJ.ick lla, with which il communicates by tlic Unit of Taman. Thit fe.i, fonu'timrs ;^^;illnl the Sea of Zaiiali, extendi z^o m iro") .sw to N K. Ajbf>/t, a c MA of the RulTian em- pire, in the pr 'viucf of ('atharinrnfl.if, iiichidinp a large iraiit of territory to tlic V of the tov .1 of -\fop!i. It wis ceded by thi; Turka in 1774. .md sftir ili.'it period, feveral new town;) v.'tre built by Catharine 11 ; one of which, CatharincnRaf, is the capital. A;bp/i, a town of Rudia, lately tht: c.ipitalof till- ilifliirt of the finie iianu', ItMted on the s branch of the Don, near its entrance into the fea of Afoph. The Tortrcfs has b««n fcvcral times taken Uy ASS flif Turki .ip«l HLlllini. ft ii not of tin- Import met It W.IS ID thf relK" 'if ]\{>r Ilia f rr«i i the rUer hfing now fo I'hokid with find. .1* fcircely I'* admit Ihf iiudlrft vi'lM It it tio m i C.ithi> no lUr I.oi. 14 la K, l.lt. 46 jH V, .fi/>irfH, « town of llolUittt. Limoui for 4 loi'f Iii^« whkh it hrlU o it n|tiii>>fHhr (Mdiianmn Mir I1i4fe.11- cdtiii Ihr l.iitglic, 1 1 m « l/lrrcht, ftiut at ^ UtUttfidim. .ijiim, R ..xiinliy of Art.i, boundcrl on tlif w by Mental cid Hoilan, .n tijr Tibet, and ir. mu 1 by Meel' . 1 1 !1 ,11 >i ii *■", I, h 1 1 "t ^ n ?% AST Copenlngcn, and is 17 maw Odenfce. Loii. 10 a K, lat. 155 17 N. AHyU a town «)V It.-ily, in the tincliy of Sjxdcto, witli a magnifucnt rlnnch, and many convents wiih valnablo Eaintings. It is l!ic l.irtliplaco of St. ranrip, and the cliicf Itat of tlio Francifi-an order. It Hands on the fide of a hill, 21 m nw SpoN-lo. Ajjos, a ftapoit of Aliaiic Turkey, in Natolia, on a hay of the Arciupelago, jj m SF. 'I'roas. Lon. 56 j6 e, lat. .^9 Afumf>tionf an cpifcopal city, capital of a province in l'araj.'nay. It ftimds in a fertile couniry, on ti!eri\er Para- guay. Lon. i;/ 40 w, lat. '46 o s. Ajinbnt, a town of Pcriian Armenia, •>, rti from the rivi.r Aras, and 33 se pjakfivan. A/i^rn, a town of Perfia, in GUilan, on a river of the fame name, near its entrance into the Cafpian fea. Lon. 50 40 1;. lat. 38 30 N. 'tjhraba/i, or EjlernLad, a city of Pcrlia, in iVlazanderan, capital of a country of its name, at the sk part of tlie Cafpian lea. It is governed hy a Pcr- linn piince, and a great part of the royal ticaliirc is faid to be depofitod here It ftands near the mouth of the .Kfl;.v, whicli forms a bay convenient for trade, 60 m li l>v N Saii. Lon. ^4 o e, lat. 36 4S N. ' AjiU a city of Piedmont, capita! of the department of Tanaro, with a citadel. Bcfide the ca'hedral, it con- tains npvvaid of 30 other chnrches. It is fcaled on the Tanaro, 24 m k i'urin. Lon. 8 17 I, lat. 44 ■/■> n. Aftcr^ a city of Spiin, in Leon, 'j.i'! and the fee of a bifliop. It is well for- tified hy rut and nat;ire. In 1M12, tlie French, then in p.»nLflion of the city, were b( fieged hy the Spaniards, to whom they fnrrendertd. Itisfiraled in a plain, on the river Tueria, 25 in svv Leon. Lon. ^32 w, lat. 42 2-, n. Af-.filiady a town of Perfia, in C'h(.r,i- /an, on the borders of Balk, 70 m ene Herat. ///?r<7f«w, the principal city of Afntic Pniii,!, capital of .'1 pt»ovincr of the fame i!a;T!e, and an archhifliop's fe. It is fur- ronnded by walls, and on the w has a triangular foitrefs. Here are 25 Ruffian churches and two convents ; the Ar- menians, Lutherans, and papifts have their places of v/orfhip ; and the Hin- doos have been permitted to eredl a temple. 'Jhe houfes are in ce^eral of wood 5 and the inhabitants arc clt jiat- ed at 70.000 It feldom rains here ; but the rivtr Volga, on which it Ainds, A T II overflows annually, and when thf water is run oti', the grafs prows in lefs than a month. Here are fevernl large vine- yards, from whieli fome wineiamadr for hoir.e confumption ; alfo manu. fadtuics of pimpowdcr and nitre ; and on tlie tide of the Cafpian fea ate long marfhes, which produce a vaft cpiantity of fait. This city has an inland com- munication by water with Mofcow and Peterfbiirg, and is the chief feat of tho (•iifpian commerce. It is feateil on an ifland formed by the river, ^0 m from the Cafpian fea, and 770 st Mofcow Lon. 47 46 K, lat. 46 22 N. Ajittr'uisy a province of Spain, 120 m long and 45 broad ; bounded on the K by Uifcay, s by Old Caftiie and Leon, w by Galicia, and N by the At- lantic. It is divided into two parts, Af- turias d'Ovicdo and Afturias de San- tillana ; fo named from their chief towns. This province is full of mountains and forcfts ; its wine and horfes are excel- lent, and it has mines of gold, lapin lazuli, and vermilion. The elded fon of the king of .Spain is ftyled prince of Aftnrias. Aj'itan ; fee Sji'fie. Atacci»!a, a feaport and province of Peru. The province has a great defert cl the fnme t;ame, and feparates Prru fro:Ti Chili. 'I'lie town i". remarkable for the fifh cnlled 'Folio, with which it carries on a great trade with the inland provinces. It is 210 m s by e Arid. Lon. 6() 30 w. lat. 21 20 s. Atocames ; fee Tai.amcs. Atalajjn, atown of Portugal, in Zftrr- madura, with a fort on an eminence, 5ms 'Fomar. Ati'na, a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Citra, near the river Negro, 22 m N Policafho, At/t, a fortified town of the Nether- lands, in Hainault. It has been often taken ; and is feated on the Dender, u m Nv/ Mons. Athaholi, a town of European Tur- key, in Ilomania, on the coaft of ths Black fea, 70 m ne Adrianople. Aihbny, it borough of Ireland, in the county of Meath, 34 m Kvv Dublin. Athdney^ an ifland in Somerfetiliire, ..t the confitix of the Thone and Par- ret, memorable for having afforded flielter to king Alfred. Here he col- ledled fome of his retainers ; on which account he called it iEthelingny, nr the ifle of Nobles ; and hence he made frequent fallies upon the Danes. Athenny^ a borough of Ireland, in tk county of Galway. Here are the ruins of a noble raonaftery, part of which was taken down to »• racks. It is 13 ti A then t, or /i//; the cipital of anc of Livadia, in Eur many revolirtion wreflcd it from tli It is the fee of an a largo citadel on rook. 'I'I.ere an which teflify its f( the temple of Th( bef()re Chrift, is a pcrfedl ancient e J'liree fourths of 1 the Greek chur Turks. Thechiel lilk, wax, wool, a near the gulf of Ei Lon. 23 52 E, lat. Atherjlon, a to with a market on fK^ures of hat.-', li jiichard ni held nobles here, the ni of P.ifworth. ft Anker, 10 ir " f; Loiido"-!. Athlone, a bi.r 1 in the cuiiiity of V ill Rofconmion. of tiie .'Shannon, ( bridge that is the theprovinccsot Lei Jt fends a me.nber is 60 m w Dublin. Athos, or Monte tain 0!" Greece, in .> infiilaat theentran( teffa. It is inhabit who have feven u and cultivate olives m E Salonichi. Lc 3U N. Atliy, a borough county of Kildare. are held alternalel) of the ancient ca(t Two miles to the n of the city of Keb; on the liaifow, :z i>w Noas. Aticri.M, a town Cnftile, with an un( among mouiitains, ^ Atlantic, or Ailnl Tiame from mount I extends between tl Africa and Europe, of America. Its 1 Guinea in Afrira to «s 2300 m. On cnc tor it is called th Kf Wilier fs thin a ,'C vinc- ia m.uir ( mantj. re ; arnJ are lonj; cpiantity nd com- cow and it of th'; _'il on an m from Vlofcow. lain, i:o Tided on iftilo and y the At- jarts, Af. ' de San- ieftowns. itains and ire exccl- nld, lapi» t'kleft fori prince of ovince of reat defert rates Peru cmarkiiblc I which it ihe inland E Ailca. Uinx^ftr?. eminence, , in Prin- r Negro, le Nether- been often )ender, i: pan Tur- )aft of ths le. nd, in thf ublin. lerfetiliire, and Par- afforded re he col- on which A TL taken down to n-prt the prefcnt bar- raclfs. It is 13 m e Galway. Athcni, or AttKi, a celebrated city, the oipitai of ancient Attica, but now of I.ivadia, in European Turkey. After many revolutions, the Tiirks finally wrefted it from the Venetians, in i6Sd. It is the fee of an archbifliop, and has a large citadel on the fummit erf a lofty rock. There are magnificent ruins, which teflify ita former grandeur ; and the temple of Thefeus, built 4.80 years bt.fore Chrift, is at this day the mod pcrfeft ancient edifice in the world, i'hreo fourths of the inhabitants are of the Greek church ; the remainder 'J'urks. Thechief articles of trade are filk, wax, wool, and oil. it is fituate near the gulf of Engia, 60 ni e Corinth. Lon. 23 52 E, lat. 37 58 N. Atherjlon, a town in Warwickfhire, with a inarUet on Tutidiy, and manu- fidlures of hat;?', libands, and fhalloons. Kichard 11 1 held a council with his nobles here, the night before the battle of n.ifworth. It is feattd near the Anker, 10 w. " f, >ventry, and 104 nw I.ond')!-!. Ailihne, a b(.r ijrh- of Ireland, p.irMy in the cuiir.ty of W Miath, and [lartly ill Rofconmion. Jt (lands on both lidcs of tiie .'^iinnnon, over which is a long bridge that is the f;r,T.id T>^h between theprovincesof Lei'ilterandConnaught. It fends a meaiber to parliament, and is 60 m w Dublin. Lon. 7 41 w, lat. 5j Aihos, or Mo7:t/r Santo, a high moun- tain of Greece, in Macedonia, on apen- infiilaat the entrance of the gulf of Con- teir;;. It is inhabited by Greek monks, who have fevrn /ortified monafleries, and cultivate olives and vines. It is 70 m E Salonichi. Lou. 26 ao e, lat. 40 30 N. At/ii/, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Kildare, where the afli/.es are hold alternHtely with Naas. Fart of ihe ancient cattle is now a prifon. Two miles to the n'w are fome remains of the city of Rehan. Athy is feated on the Harrow, ;3 m s Kildare, and 19 i>w Noas. Aticri:„a, a town of Spain, in Old dftile, with an ancient caftle, fituate among mountains, 34 m ssw Soria. Atlantic, or Atlantic Ocm/i, takes its name from mount Atlas in Africa, and extenc's between the w continents of Africa and Europe, and the e contiient of America- Its leaft breadth, .rom Guinea in Afrira to Brafil in S Air.erica, is 2300 m. On one fide of the equa- tor it is called the North Atlantic A V A Ocean ; .ind on the other, the South Atlantic Ocean. Atlas, a chain of high mountains in Africa, feparatiup Barbary from Bile- dulgerid, and cxtendinp upwnrd of 2000 m from the coaft of the Atlantic to the border t)f i'^gypt. Another ch.ii», called the Little Atlas, extends from the lb-ait of Gibr.altar, to Bona in the Itite of Algiers. 'I'heae mountains have different names, according to the vaii- ous countries they pals tiiroufrh, and the plains and vallies by wliich they are intcrfcded. They an* inhabited almoft in every place, except where the ex- treme cold will not permit. Atlij'co, a town of New Sp tin, in Tlaf- cala, I'eated in an extenfive plain of its name, 20 m wsw Puebla Atooi, one of the Sandwich iflands, in the Pacific orean. It r, 30 in long, and contains a grtat portion of gently riling land. On the sw fide is a good road and anchoiing-piace, called Wy- moa. Lon. i';9 40 u',l,it. n 57 n. Atri, a town of Naples, in .Abruzzo Ultra, on a cragiry mountain, 4 m fr(.)iTi the gulf of Veiuci',aud 10 >k Teranio. • ittlcbor'>ugh, a town in iMorfol'K, with a market on Tucfday, 14 m nk Thctford and 93 London. Atth'horon^h, a town of .Mnfnrchuf-its, in Brirtol county, 32 m .ssf. Bofton. Atioc/i, a city and fortrefs of Hin- dooftan, in the province of Lahore. It ftands on the t bank of the Indus, and on the file of tlie Taxila of Alexander, where he croin-d that river, 180 m WNW Lahore. Lon. 7036 E, lat. 31 2-J N. Attack, a river which rifes in the Tartarian mountains, N of Hindooflan, and paffing by Cabul, flows into the Indus, nearly oppofite the city of At- tock. Attorr, a ftrong town of Hindooflan, in the ^'arnatic, 60 m n Tritchinopoiy, and 80 wsw Pondicherry- Aiui, a large city, formerly the ca. pital of a kingdom of the fame nami*, now called Birmah. It is divided into an upper and lower city ; the lower is the moft extenfive, about 4 m in cir- cumference, proteded by a lofty wall, now mouldering to decay. The ma- terials of the houfen, confining chiefly of wood, were removed about the year 1783 to the new city ; and its numtious temples, on which the Birmans never lay facrilegiou'! hands, are dihipidatiug hy time. Clumps of bamboos, a few plantain trees, and tall thorns, occupy moll of the area of this lately flourifli- inji; capit.al. It is fituate on the s iide 1 f 3ii »(l .1 I til'' A V C of the Irrawaddy, 4 m »w Umm^ra- poor.i, the pn-ftiit capital. Avalon, a town ot' Fraiicr, in ihc cli'paitinint of Yoniif, vvhiv-h has a great iiade in i:;i"iin wine, and cattle, and a maniifadme of cloth. It is feat- I'd oi) the Coulin, 14 m ssii Aiixcrre. Juh, s town of Gt-rmany, in the priiicipility of VVnrf/biirg,on the tiver Goll.icl), 12 m SI- VVurt/biirt;. Auhf, a di'partnicnt of France, con- taining part of the latf province «)f Clianip'ignc. It takes its name from a river, which pafllng by Bar fur Aiibe and Arcis joins tlie Siine, above No- gent. Troyes is the capital. AuheKas, a town of France, in the tUparinieiit of Ardcche, with nrianiifac- turis of woollen cloths and red cotton; ieattd on the Ardi-phej at the foot of theOviMines, 15 m nw Viviers. Aitbenton, a town of France, in the dep.ntmt nt of Aifie, 14 ni e Vervins. Aubieres, a lowii of France, in the department of Puy de Dome, 3 m se Clermont. Aubifrny, a town of France, in the dcp rtment of Cher, with a caftle ; feattd in a fine plain, on the river Nerre, 13 m V Hoii'ges. ylub'ni, St. a town of the idand of Jeifi y, with a fort, flandingon a bay of the fame name, opening to the s. See St. Heliir. Jubonna, a town of SwifTerland, in the canton of Hern, on a river of its name, lo m w Lsiifanne. Auburn, a town in VViltfliire, with a market on I'ucfJay ; featrd on a branch of the Kennet, 8 m ne Marlborough, and 81 w London. Aubu[foii, a town of France, in the department of Creufe, with a manufac- ture of taptftry; fwited on the river Creiife, ^y m Nt Limoges. Aufasritre/, the capital of the king- dom of A del, feated on an eminence near the river Hawalli. Lon. 44 25 e, lat. 8 j6 N. Anc/i, a city of France, capital of the department of Gers; lately an archie- pilcopal fee. and the capital of Gaf- cony. The cathedral is one of the fintft in France. Here are manufactures of velvet, ferges, crapes, hats, and lea- ther. It is ieated on the fummit and fide of a hill, by the river Gers, 37 m w Touloufe. Lon. o 35 e, lat. 43 39 N. Auckland, Hifiop, a town in the bifiiopric of Durham, with a market on Thurfda/. It has a beautiful caftle, and a chapel, whofe architefture is very curious. Here are manufadtures of cotton and muflin. It U feated on the A VR river Wear, 8 m s by w Durham, and 249 NNW London. Autle, a department of France, con- taining part of the late province of Lan- pucdoc It receives its name from a river, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and flowing by (^iilan, Limi-ux, and Car- cafTone, enters the Mediterranean, near Narbone. ("arcaflbne is the capital. yludicrne, a town of France, in thr department of Finifterre, feated on the bay of Hifcay, 18 m w Qi)imper. A-veiro, a town of Portutral, in Beira, with a good harbor r for veflels of a mo- derate fize. The chief trade is in fait, of which great qiiL'ntities are made in itg vicinity. It Hands on a fmall gulf, at the mouth of the Vouga, 33 m s ( )porto. Lon. 8 30 w, lat. 40 40 n. yiveiroftfA department of France, in- cluding the late province of iiouergue. It is named from a river, which rifcs near Severac le Chateau, and, flowing by Rodez and Villefranche, joins the Garonne, below Montauban. The ca- pital is Rodez. Amelia, a town of Naples , in Terra di Lavoro, celebrated for its honey and apples, 5 m NE Naples. Avellino, a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Ultra. It was almoft ruined by an earthquake in 1694, and again i;i 1805. Near it is the celebrated convent of Moiite Virgine, on a wild mounta'n, which formerly had a fumptuous temple of Cybele. Avellino is famous for the die of cloth, alfo for nuts and macaroni. It is 25 m K Naples. Avert, a river of Scotland, in BanfT- fliirc, which iffues from a fmall lake at the foot of Cairngorm mountain, and after a rapid courfe of 20 m enters the Spey on the confines of Elginlhire. A-venay, a town of France, in the department of Marne, on the river Marne, 15 m wnw Chalons fur Marne. A-venche, a town of SwifTerland, in the canton of liern, formerly the ca- pital of Helvetia, but now greatly de- cayed, grain and tobacco being grown on the fite of part of the ancient city. It ftands at the s end of the lake Morat, 15 m w Bern. Averbach, a town of Upper Saxony, ill Voigtland, near which is a rock fa- mous for pale topazes. It is 14 mi Zwickau. A-verno, a lake of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, near Puzzoli. Homer, Virgil, and others, have faid the water was fo bad that birds dropt dead when flying over it, and hence they call it the lake of hell ; but it now has no fuch poi- fonous quality, that the face of nature f« entirely altered f lake is now of a c half a mile in di menfe depth ; furr on one fide low, or not fteep, not muc vaied all around, the lake is a cave, they went forme Cumaian fybil. Th walls, which fome ruins of a temple o of Pluto. Aver/a, a town r di Lavoro. In 180 by an earthquake, plain, 10 m Nii Nap ^venjjhorough, a lina, fituate on Ca; ^ Fayettcville, and A-ves, a fmall ifla fea,from which a bn of Avcg, extends tt m to the NNE. Aves, or lilrd j iflandii and rocks m fo call I'd from the gn that frequent them. K Curacao, and 10c Terra Firma. AveJhesiH ftrongt the department of iN Hefper, 25 m E Cam Avefiadt, a town c mania, noted for its < a mint for copper tr Wtlteras. Avezzano, a tov Abruzzo Ultra, 18 n Ausher, a borough rone, near the rl',;r wswDungannon. Augila, a territory to the s of Barca, b' E^ypt. It abounds ii otthe inhabitants enu trade. The capital! ;, 120 m w Sivvah, and wuk. Lon. 23 40 ri Augjhurg, a city imperial, and a bifhc the capital of a prin- Bavaria. It is a larg has a variety of mam one of the principa m Germany. The ( houfe, and other pub magnificent. In the the Lutherans prefen lion of faith to empe 1550; hence called Augfburg. It was tak '" '703, and again in wtween the Werdac BanfT- akeat in, and enters nlhire. in the river Marne. and, ill the ca- tly de- grow 11 Mii city. Morat, Saxony, ock fa- 14 nil Terra dl Virgil, I was fo flying khe lake jch poi- nalurc A T J G is entirely altorod (incc their time. The* lake is now of a circular form, iibout half a mile in dianit-ter, and of im- menfe depth ; furroiuukd with i:ri>nnd on one fide low, on ihr other hit^h, but not fteep, not much wooded, ;md culti- vated all around. A little to the w of the lake is a cave, where Ibme pretend they went formerly to confult the Cumzan fybil. There are alio fome old walls, which fome fnppole to be the ruins of a temple of Apollo, and others of IMuto. Aver/a, a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro. In 1805 it fuffered greatly by an earthquake. It ii feated in a fine plain, 10 m Nii Naples. Averyjlorouf^lh •^ town of N Caro- lina, fituate on Cape Fear river, aj in N Fayettcville, and 30 sw Raltgli. Avesy a fmall ifliind in the Caribbean fea, from which a bank, called the Bank of Avee, extends to St. Eudatia, 140 m to the NNE. Avcs, or Bird Ijlands, a clutter of illandj and rocks in the Caribbean fea, focall'd from the great number of birds that frequent them. They are 70 m K Curacao, and 100 n of the coaft of Terra Firma. Avejhes, a ftrong town of Fr;'.ncc, in the department of Nord, feated on the Hefper, 25 m e Cambray. AvfJIadt, a town of Sweden, in Weft- mania, noted for its copper works, and a mint for copper money, 35 m nnw We ft eras. Avezzcoioy a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 18 m s Aquila. Au^her, a borough of Ireland, in Ty- rone, near the ri'.;r Blackwater, 17 m wsw Dungannon. Augila, a territory of Zahara, lying to the s of Barca, b "ivveen Fez/.an and Egypt. It abounds in dates ; and many 01' the inhabitants engage in thecamvan trade. The capital is of the fame name, J20 m w Siwah, and 540 e by n Mour- zouk. Lon. 23 40 ri.lat. 29 33 n. Augjhurg, a city of Suabia, lately imperial, and a bifliop's fee, but now the capital of a principality fubjedl to Bavaria. It is a large fortified place, has a variety of manufactures, and is one of the principal trading towns in Germany. The cathedral, town- houfe, and other public buildings, are magnificent. In the bifhop's p;ilace, the Lutherans prefented their confef- fion of faith to emperor Charles v in 1550; hence called the confeflion of Auglburg. It was taken by the French in 1703, and again in 1796- It is feated between the Werdach and Lech, ^o AVI m Nw Munich. I.on. 10 53 e, lat. 45 17 N. Augtijiiiy or Ago/la, a foaport of Sicily, in V.il
  • f town of E Fioiida, fituate !it the foot of.i Jiill, on the K co:ift, which is to) (hillow to be approached by vtU'els that draw more than twelve feet water. It is furround- ed by a wall, and has a llroiig caltlc Lon. 81 4:)W, lat. 29 58 n. Augiijthi, St. a port and river on the SK coaft of Labrador, and the gulf of St. Lawrence. In the harbour arc two fmall illaiids. Lon. 5b 58 w, lat. 51 14 N. Augttjh'!, St. a cape on the coaft of Rrafii, 300 in nf. ot the bay of AllSaints. Lon. 35 4-5 vv, lat. H 30 ^. Angitjhw^a. town of Poland, in Pola- chia, feated on the Narieu, 44 m w liiellk. Augujhu, I'ort, a fortrefs of Scotland, in Invernefslhire, at the sw cxtremitT of Loch Nefs, on a peninfula formed by the Tarf and Oieh, over the laft of which is a britlge. It is a regular for- tification, 30 m nnp: Fort William, and 34 sw Invernefs. Augujhijbiirg ; fee Scliellenherg. Aviano, a town of Italy, in Fnuli, «J m w Udina. Aiugliaiio, a fortified town of Pied- mont, on a hill, near the Cottian Alps, 10 m w Turin. Av'rj;,'ion, acityof France, capit d of the department of VaucUife, and a biftiop's fee. U was lately dependent on the pope, and an archbilluip's fee. It has a univerfity, feveral hatidfomt* churches, and a fynagogue ; and is feat- ed on the Ilhone, 2o m enk Nifmes. Lon. 4 4t) E, lat- 43 57 n. Ainla, a city of Spain, in Old Caf- tile, and a bilhop's fee, with a univer- fity. Here is a manufafturr of cotton cloth, begun in 1789 by two Engli(h- mcn. It is feated on the Adaga, in a m pr^v'1 i!.W^ h ■' \^. r < I. I , i> -\ Iff I 5: *8 ! I d' ■■i: ALU large plain, fiinoiniclfd by monntnins covtTi d with frnit-trec'H and vmty.ir-Js, .i^nbiuli a confiderable city of Hmdooftat), capital of Dowlntabad. It owe? the crreatcfl: part of its magni^ ficct^cc to the great Aurung/.e*c, who relided htre. and gave it tht; prcfent name. It (lands in a fertile pi .in, almoft furrounded by mountains, i (o m s by w Bin-hanpour, and 250 t-iu Sural. I.on. 76 2 E,lat. 19 45 N. Aiirun:;ahu»der, a town of Ilindoo- flan, in the province of Tatta, on a branch of the Indus, to which it gives name, 4 t m s by w Tatta. Aufpitz, a town of Moravia, 20 m bSE Bruiin. AnfTif^f a town of Bohemia, feated on the Elbe, ii m nnw I.eutmeritz. Aujl, a village in Gloucefterniirc, la m N Briftol, noted for its ancient ferry over the Severn. Anjkr/itz, or .S7.(." fotar- inii 6.3-,ooo fquare .ores. Thi riwr Fns dividis it into Upper and Lov'er; Vienna is the capital of the Lower, and 1 infz of the \J^) '■■rn'if^iiitelii < " f)nr which tl «trts and fcitnccs, is no country \nQ trs ,ire mor*- co Aiiltria excels all many in the fert uine, and fruit, i 1.1 "ron is l)etter Indies. The pri Din u he. Ens, In In 1804, Francis many, renounced manner, ereded hi an hereditary emp emperor of Aufli houfe belong; Ai j'arinthia, CarnioU Hungary, 'Franfyli under the name o Croatia, iMorlacIi ^ervia, and p.ut metropolis of the c Autun, a city of F I'e, in the departi I>uire. It contain Roman magnificeni temples of Janus , are manufactures o coverlets, and delf dral, the college, ar wortiiy of notice. tile Arroux, at the f tains, 45 m E by a i'aiis. Lon. 4 ,8 k, Auver^rie, a late ] 100 m long and 79 | the N by BourbonnJ Velay, s by Roncrj andwbyLimoliu, nl ^t now forms thl Cantal and Puy de J Auvtllard, a towil department of LotI the river Garonne, rl Aiixere, a city f)f I tlie department of ^J i'lfliop's fee. It oorl fains and fquares, 1 palace is deemed onl titul in France. It jl ofahill, by the river! ^'jon, and 90 sse pi '^'•47-48 N. I Auxon, a town M oepartmentof Aubel Auxonnc, a t.)n'n I n^partn- ot of c6te m an;'iienP!, atjundryi Witcifor r;ir .n-tillctl the.vione, -.rm e DiB AuA.;., or Tigre, a ■ ly, bound- ^ by Italy nd, an'l -■* ., and Mo-_ b duchy of ( arinUiia, of Tyrol, lixen and Germany, | Till river] nd Lover; Lower, ami I A UZ 1 hitz oF the Upper. Tlu: ,ii lajitantK .. polit , iiifi'lliyciit, and )(.Ty ; fond of h'nionr which thoy ilrive to j^aiii by tht; ^rts and fci(.nces,or by arms ; and there isnocouiitry iriG^rmnny whi'rc > >reii,'n trs .ire morp coiittcouP'' cntcrtVinei.!. Aiiftria cxoi-ls alltht; provincfs of GtT- inany in tht? fertility of its foil : corn, wine, and fruit, arc plentiful •, and the f.i'iVon is bettor than thit of the E Indies. Tlie principal rivers arc the Dantihe, Ens, Inn, Drive, and Save. In 1804, Francis 11, emperor of Ger- many, renciinced that title in a formal manner, ercdted his own dominions into an hereditary empire, and was crowned emperor of Aiiftria. To this angiift houfe beloii;^ Andria Proper, Sliria, Carinthia, Carnioia, Bohemia, .Moravia, Hungary, 'IVanfylvaiiia. part of Poland under the name of Galicia, Sclavouia, Croatia, Morlachia, Bofnia, part of Servi.'i, and part of Wal.irhia. The metropolis of the empire is Vienna. Autun, a city of France, and a bifl.op's fee, in the department of Saonc and Loire. It contains many veftipes of Roman magnificence, particularly the temples of Janus and Cybele. Here are manufactures of tapeftry, carpets, coverlets, and delf ware. The cathe- dral, the college, and the feminary, arc worthy of notice. Autun is fcated on tiie Arroux, at the foot of three moun- tains, 45 m E by .s Nevers, and i6j se Paris. Lon. 4 18 e, lat. .^6 57 .v. Auver,'^ne, a late provinte of Fnince, 100 m long and 75 broad ; bounded on the N by Pouibonnois, k by Forez and Velay, s by Rouergue and Cevennes, and w by Limolin, Querci, and Marchc. It now forms the departments of Cantal and Puy de Dome. AwvlUard, a town of Fr.ince, In the department of Lot and Garonne, on the river Garonne, 13 m SEAgcn- Auxere, a city of Franco, capital of the dt-partment of Yonne, and lately a bidiop's fee. It contains many foun- tains and fquarcs, and the cpifcopal palace is deemed one of the moft beau- tiful in France. It is feated on the fide of a hill, by the river Yonne, 75 m WNW Dijon, and 90 sse Paris. Lon. 3 34 e, lat. 4748 N. Auxon, a town of France, in the department of Aube, 13 ms Troycs. Auxonnc, a t.jn'n of France, in the departn- nx. of Cote d"Or, with acaftle, an ;''.;(;n3!; a t>undry for cannon, and a fchc! for I'^e artillery. It is fcated on the .vaone, 17 m e Dijon. Au4a).., or Tigre, a town of AbylTinia, A X IT capital of the province of Ti'^ro, and a pl.icc of conliderabli- commerce. It \* fcated on a river that Hows into the Tac37,/,e, T70 n r' 1. C/on'' t. Ion. 39 33 E, lat. 14 4 N. .i'luutlkn yj<;//, a harbour on the sr coaft of Kamf.fchaika, the fiftit and moft extonfive yel difcovcred, in thofo parts, that can admit vcflll.s ot" con- iiderable burden. It has r* town called St.Petcr and Paul. At above th-? furface of the lake ; and near its top is the fpring which fo/nis this beautiful expanfe of water. The river Awe. the outlet of this lake? runs into Loch Juive, at the village of Bunawe. A-^veri, or(>ve)o,!i kingtloin of Africa, dependant on Benin, with a town of the fame name, on the river Formofa. Lon. 5 10 E, lat. 6 lo n. Aivlen; a town of Sunbia, on the river Cochen, 20 mvvsw Oeting. Axbriilj^c, A town in Someifelfhire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Tluirfday ; ftated on tlie rivtr .•\x, un- der the Mcndip hills, 10 m nw Wells, and 130 vv London. Axel, a town of the Netherlands, in Flanders, feated in a moiafs, 10 m n Ghetit. Axhn, a territory of Guinea, on the Gold coad, with a river of the fame name flowing through it, and a town on the E fide, at its entrance into the oce.in. The country is fertile and well cultivated, producing p dm oil, cocoas, oranges, pineapples, y.iins, water-me- lons, and a prodigious quantity of rice. Tho; Dtitch have a fort and a fadory here, called St. Anthony. Lon. 13 \v, lat. 4 4: V. Ax>ninliery a town in Devonfliire, on the river Ax, with a market on Sa- turday. King Athelftan eftabliflied a minfter here to the memory of the princes flain in his army, when he de- feated the Danes in this neighbour- hood. Here is a manufacture of leather gloves, &c. and a famous one of car- pets. It is 27 m E by N Exeter, and 147 w London. ylxum, a town, anciently the capital, of Abyflinia. Its ruins are very exten- fivc, a.TJong which ate many obclifks of ^\ ,|;.;; '^^ AYR jrranltr, with fculptiire.'', but no hi«ro- plyphics. It is 70 m NW Auzcn. Lon. 38 4 I-;, lat. 14 10 N. Jt/nnio)ite, a fortified fc-aport of Spain, in Aiulaluli;i, with a c;iftlf 011 a lock, at ilie moiitli of the Giiadi.uu, oppo- fitp Caftio Marim, 80 m NW Cadiz. Lon. 7 15 w, lat. '!7 u N. Aijlijlury, A l)oroii>.'h and the Inrgfft town in Biickingh.imdiiiT, with 11 mar- ket on Saturday Thf fpriin; adi/t-s arc held here, and it is the criiire of the hufincfs of the fertile v;iic of Ayh fbnry. Many people here derive their fupport from a peculiar manner of rearii g early «lufl{8 for »iie London market ; aiul the making of lace it carried on to a great cxttiit. The number of inha!)itant9 was 3 1 06 in 1801, and ,544; in itiii. It is 17 m SR Buckingham, and 38 nw London. Lon. o 50 w, lat. 'jt 4* v. Aylejhaw, a town in Norfolk, with ,T market on Thurfday, 1 1 ni n Nor- wich, and 118 NK London. Aynioulht a town of Scotland, in Bei wicUhire, 6 m n Berwick, and once fortified to curb the garrifon of that town. Ayr, a river of Scotland, wliich rifes in the k part of Ayrfliire, receives the Greenock and G.irptl in its coutfe acrofs the county, and enters the frith jf Clyde, at th«; town of Ayr. Aijr, a borough of Seotland, in Ayr- fhire, fitnatc on a fandy plain, on the ;« lidc of the J-.uiilh of the ri -rr Ayr, over uhii'h is a bridge to Newtown. Jts chief innle is in cnal, and the filliery forfalm' 11, and all kinds of wiiite filh : ithasauoHn extenlivc mannfadnre of leather and fi)ap. Two lijihthonfes at.- erevflcd to conduct veirels into the har- bour, which is often inv-omnioded with farid. liere are the rnins i^'t a Doini- nica'.i monaReiy. Ayr is the birthplace of th'.' poet Robrrt Hums The nuin- ber ol' inh.ibitanls w.is 5,49:, in iKoi, snd r,-'i;i in j8ii. It is ydmswLdin- burp. Lon. 4 3.5 K, lat. 55 :8 n. yij-r/hin, a county of Scotland, boun.'vd ■■■;. the w by the IriHi channel nnd the fri;!) of Clyde, n by Kenfrew- fhi-e, E by the counties of l-aneik, Dumfries, and Kirkcudbright, and .s by Wigt.:iihfre. li exhibits the (hape of two Wiitgs, extending to tiie nw and «w, and tormiHi? a vaft hny at the mouth of the frth of Clyde, between its ex- treme points it is 5(1 m and the greateft breadth is :6. It is divided into 43 parifhes, which contained 84,306 in- habitants in i8oi,and 103,934 in 181 1. The sw angle, though mountainous, is A Z O rich in pafture ; but »he grcafiT p irt of* the WW is a fine h vel country If ii inti'rf.'i.'b.(l by the Ayr, Irvim , Oiivan, Siinch.ir, and fi vera! other rivrri-, which alxnind with f.ilmon. Ft h i» ii cxhinffi- i)le frams of coal, alfo freertone, iime- flone, iron, lead, atui copper ; and a great quantity of fea wecii iii thrown aOiore, from which abundance of kelp is madi'. '■hijhwn, .1 town of New Jeif«.y, in Unrlingti'ii county, on the middle branch of Ancicus cieck, 13 m sw Burlington. Aj/jir(irtb, a village in N Yorkfliire, fetttil on the Lnn-, 4 m K Afkrig. Here ii a grand pitMurefipie waterfall, c.dled Ayff;arth Force ; and a bridge of one aich, 7a I'eet in the fpan, over- grown with ivy. Ai/tof/, a vill.ige in N Yorkfhire, 5 m .sw Scarborougli. It i« felted on the Derwent. and has a confiderable forge for iron ware. Aramor, a town of Morocco, on the river Moibey.i, near tlie fea, 80 m n Morocco. AztircJr,, a fenport of Hralil, in th** bay of Spirito Santo, celebiated fur fugar. Lon. ir, 10 w, bit. jo 18 s. /li.fi>! ; A.'e .'-Uam- Jzof\ fee A/npli. Azores, or It tjicrn Jjlands, a group of iflands in the Atlantic, between 25 and 30 w lon. and .^7 and 4-) N lat. cjoo m w of J'ortugal. They are nine in number, n.imely, St. M.iria, "^t. Mi- chael, 'I'ercera, St. Georgi-, Giaciofa, Fayal, Pico, Flores, and Cor-o. 'Ihfy were difcovered in i4,.i(h by John Nan- derberg a merchant or Brngca, who, in a voyage to Liflion, was driven to them by ftrcfs of weather. On bis ai rival at Lifbon, he hoallcd of his difeovery ; on which the Portuguefc fcL fail, took polRllion of the iflands and called them the Azores, from tfie number of hawks found among them. Their rugged precipices and mountains, many of whofe fumrnits arc conical, exhibit indications of the vioh-nt convulliuns by which, at feveral dill.HUt periods, they have been agitated. They enjoy a great portion of ele.ir and ferenc weather, and the climate is highly favorable to human health The foil i» in general fertile, abounding in corn, gr.ipcs, oranges, lemons, and other fruits, and feeding m.^ny cattle and fbeep. The woods and iiigh bmU pre- lent a nuiltitude of biids of difi'erent defcriptions. No poifout)U8 animal, it is faid, is to '.■ found in i.he Azores. The ^overnnr-i in 1 ercera ; b '•■irgefl inarid. ^Izua, a town '':'•' a trade U\ tn »'.tJCi ind fugar. "fa river, in th. »v St. Domingj, 16 .V. . f^'ibit, a tou-n ( •" fi'dgaria, c^-Ie aiid fword blade,s <^f Its name, in t '^' Sili/hia. Lon. '^"'^''/uianJcl, a coall of Aby/nnf.i ine Red fea with t/ contains a fmall ifl; *'r tile fame name. J2 50 N. liah-vhauft-n, a t ;"•• ^'"fliy of Wirtt bingen. iiohuynnes, a cbil imall inands in the T "1 f^, of the ine of L produce is wax, ebon and plantains. Jiaca, or //«,^«, ^ Oranad.t, 15 m nk C Jnuano, a town o tnmony of St. Pete tie fame name, zo m iiac/i, or Jiat/ui, a formerly tf.e n,e of n''ir the Danube, J clien, and 8,5 s liudal iiacharach, a townf [Itpartment of Rhhu ' 7 ot Germany, in th. "'7- It i. fa,„oul Jandsatthefootof tf^e Rhine, ,4 „ s by J!^'hef<:rai, or liak or Kufiia, m the nroJ once the refidence of of Crimea. The pal; c'es of painted Chincll "t"e, and was viiitecjl Jjie other buildings f''^'l by the deft " J;'S rnjnufaaure.s „i| ^''^''^^ felt, carpet f ^jarth.s place, !,,/; fort called the ].l\ IJ a colony of Kar.Vtl '"^ulctlvatza, ijjrns.s; ■f^ n AC Tlir govcrnor-ptncral n-ridcs at Angra, in Ttrci'ra ; but St. Michael in the l.irtjffl iflarid. /Izua, ii town of St. Domingo, .A\kh lias .1 trade in mahogany, fiil\ic, lignum titx, md fiigar. It (Inndti at the mouth t)t' a rivir. in the hty of Nt yba. 6j m vv St. Domingj. Lon. 71 6 w, lat. 18 16 N. B. Babit, a town of European Turkey, in Bulgaria, crlebratnl (or its knives ami ("word blades. It (lands on a gulf of its name, in the lilacU \\\\, 90 m M Sililbia. Lon. 2H ]H k, lal 44 40 n. Bnhfl)H Indian ocean. It contains a fmall ifland and a mountain (if tlie fame name. I. on. 43 50 k, lat. 12 ,50 N. liabcnhatifen, a town of Suabia, in tlie ducliy of Wirtemburg, 5 m n Tu- bingen. liahut/anes, a clnfttr of fix or fcven fmall illands in the N Pacific ocean, ^6 m N of the ifie of Luconia. The chief produce is wax, ebony, bananas, cocoas, and plantains. liacay or liaza, a town of Spain, in Granada, 15 m nk Guadix. Bacanot a town of Italy, in the pa- trimony of St. Peter, near a river of the iame name, ao m ww Rome- liar/;, or JhU/ia, a town of Hungary, formerly the fee of a biflinp, feated near the Danube, 30 m ene Tuufkir- chen, and 8.5 s liuda. Bacliaracli, a town of France, in the department of Rhine and Mofi.l!e, late- ly of Germany, in the palatinate of the Ubine. It is famous for wine, and (lands at the foot of a mountain, near tiie Rhine, ^4 m s by k Coblentz. Bacheferaiy or Jiaktchefirai, a town of Riifiia, in the province of Taurida, once the refidence of the Tartar chans of Crimea. The palace, a curious fpe- cies of painted Chinefe ftrutflure, is ftiil entire, and was vilited by Catharine n. The other buildings have an oriental appearance, but many of them have fulikred by the deftrut'tive RufTiaiis. It h;is manufadturen of red and yellow Ifather, felt, carpets, and hardware. NVar this place, on a high rock, is an j old fort called the Jews Citadel, having jbeen from time immemorial inhabited l>y a colony of Karaite Jews. Hache- Iferai is feated in a deep valley, on the fivulct Kaiza, 18 m ssw Synapheiu^'ol. BAD linchian, an illaud, the larged and mod foutliern of the proper Moluccas. Ir is 70 m in circumference, and the Intel ior lifes into woody hilN. It it governed by a fultan, who is alfo fovc- reigii of C)^iby and Dtram. Lon. 1*7 O K, l.ll. o Z$ S. liaclnuut, il town of RuffM, in the government of C'atharinenllaf, ancientif a fortrefs againft ihcTart;iid Mere ar« two fprings, from which .1 grcitipi mtity of flit i;. ni:ide and exported. It tlandi on a river t)f the fame lumic, 1 20 \\\ fc by s Cathirincnflaf. J'aila'oz, a city of Spain, capital of I''.ftrei!i,'.(lma, and .1 bilhop'-. fee. It is famoiM for a brli!;^e built by the Ro-. man,<« over the Guadiana; and on it tin- Poituguefe were ilefeated by don Jo!in cf Alturiin, in 1661. Batlajo/. \% a frontier town toward Portugal, and well foitified. It furrendered to t!>e r'lCiich in iHm, and was t.'.lceii from th.-m by the I'ritiih and Porluguefe in 181 2. It is 14 m K Elvas, a' id 175 s by v\ Madrid. Lon 6 40 \^'. 'at. _^8 4/; n. l'a//iii/ian, a city of Ufijec Tartary, capital of the province oi Kilan. (/old, filver, and rubies are found in its vici- nity ; and caravans pafs by this city tp Cabul and China, li is feated on the Harrat, or Amu, in a branch of the l^elur mountains, 3:0 m i; Ualk. Lon. 70 35 t, lat. 36 35 N. liadhiin/, a village in Ddrfetfiiirc, on a conhderable eminence, 4 m s " Win- born. It was a fummcr llatiou of the Romans, and many of their coins, urns, &c. have been found. Here is alfo a Sixon camp, which coniiits of three oblong ramparts. liadelona, a towr of Spain, in Cata- lonia, feated on the Mediterranean, 10 m NH Barcelona. linden, a principality of Suabi.i, boiiiHled on the n by the late palatinaie of the Rhine and hilliopric of Spire, a by the duchy of Wirteni'urg and prin- cipality of Furfteiiberg, -■' l:y Bril'gau, and w by the Khine. It is divided into Upper and Lower Haden. frcqtiently called Eaden-Biticn and Baden-Dur- lach, from the chief towns. Ihdcit, a town of Suubia, ciinitalof Upper Haden, with a caflie. on the top of a bill, where t!ie prince often relides. It is remarkab'e for its hot baths, and is feated on the Oelhach, near the Rhine, ^o m w Stutgard. Lon. 8 22 u« lat. 48 48 N. Baden, a town of SwifiVrland, in Argau, capital of a county of the fame name. Near il are fome warm batbSy mentioned by the ancients under the E 1^ ^ '?. W I- ^ '■ i ' 'i'i- I m i .. L i'l i'l if '*.( % n A (» »iam«8 of Aquie and TItrrr.iae Hclre- ticai. In 1 7 14. '1 treaty w.i * coriclucled here bctwci-n Gcim.my at d Spain. It U ftMtcd on the l.immit, 10 m nw Zurich. Lon. H a» k, '.U. 47 16 n. ///, .1 town of A'iftri.i, fnnious for its nnmcrourt hot intns; ftMtfd on the •Siiechat, 15 n\ siw Vieiin:«. liaJennvtiler, a (own of Snabia, in Brifi,'.m. much ficqiicnfrd for its hot h.itfin , icalfd ne.r the Rhine, 10 m saw Friburp;. Jiad^itivorth, T villape in Glouceftrr- fliirc, 7 m ^ K Glouci-ftfr. Hrrc i« a mineral fpri.ig CAlled C<.! I Pool, twarly tkc fame i i quality is th.it of Cln^lten- ham- Iia,zi. a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with ;• univcrlity, fcatcd on the (Jua- dalqnvcr, 15 m nr Jaen. B ijf'a, a town of ( yprns, with a fort. ft •'.'« the ancirnt Paphos of which con- (i.ler,i!)le ruins remain, parlicularly fomc Vokcn coliimns, which probably be- lunged to the tt-mple of Venus. The vicinity abounds in minerals, among which are a beautiful variety of cryftal- lized (luartz, called Bafia diamonds. Amianthus of a very fnpeiior quality, at flexible as fdk, and pcrfc'Uy white, 18 alfo found here. Baffa ftands on the w coaftofihcilbnd, 70m wsw Nicolia. Lon. ji 28 K, lat. 34 58*N. liajjin Kni/, a large bay, to the N of Hudlon bay, faid to have been difco- ?ered in i66i by Hafiin, an Engliflinian, who here attempted to find a nw paf- fage to the South fia. Recent naviga- tors doubt its exiftence. Baijdrul, a city of Afiatic Turkey, capital of Irak Arabi, with a caftle. The walls are 5 m in circuit, and flank- ed with numerous round towers, Ibme of which are of an immenfe fize. It was the capital of the Saracen empire, till taken by the Turks in the ijih cen- tury ; (ince which it has been often taken by the Turks and Perfians, the laft time by the Turks in 1638. It ftill continues to be a place of confiderable refort for all the commodities of Nato. lia, Syria, Perfia, and India ; but has » lo(t much of its ancient fplendor, and is not fo opulent as when in the pofllfTion of the Perfians. The inhabitants are fuppofed not to exceed 40,000. The chief manufaiftures are red and yellow leather, and filk and cotton fluffs. Six m to the s w is a very ancient ftruiflure, 190 feet in height and 100 in diameter, sailed the Tower of Babel by Euro- peans. Bagdad is featcd on the Tigris, 370 m NW BafTora. Lon. 44 34 E, lat. ^^ so N. n A FI Fl.i^/ifrml, the capital of a coutitry of the f.ime name, in the empire of Bor- nou. It is 180 m hsk Bornou. I,on. »4 10 *, lat. 17 40 N. lUii(!fitt/t, a ciuintry of the Deccan of Hiiid«)o(tan, bounded on the n by Ou- zerat. k by ( andeilh .ind Dowlatabad, » by Vifiapour, and w by the ocean. It is ixcecdinKly mountainous, but fertile ill many plices. Raffnaliira, a town of European Tur- key, in Hofnia, t,^ m nw Sprai. h'aifnara, a feaportofNapI«'«, in Cala- bria UKra. Here ar«' fcveral high water- falls ; and anM)ng the rocks are the ruing of the former town, in which 1017 per- fona perifhed by an catthquake in 178.^. It ftandu near the (trait of MffTina, 15 m NNKRegio. l-on. if> H K.lal.^S 15 n. Hnirnarfnt a town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, 5 m .t Orvicto. Baxnerfj, a town of France, in the department of Upper Pyrenees, famous for its baths and mineral waten ; ilat- ed on the river Adoiir, 10 in s Tarbes. Baj^nolst a town of France, in the departmy Bcn^jal, and s by Orid.i. It is fuhjtVt to tlit' lingMli V. India CompuTiy; and niull ot iiu- laltp'tre tbey export is niamifa»Ihirid in this province. Pntna is the capital. liii/iar, a town of Ilindooltaii, once the capital of the count ly of the lafini riamt". and now remarLabl'' lor a num- ber of magnificent funeral monuments- It is )5 m SK Patna. lid h in i fd'e //// Snints Tlnij. Iht/niJtili, a town of Hiniiooftan, in the province of Oiib", 6j m nnw Fy- zab.id, and 65 NF. Lucknow. Lon. 81 .^6 K, lat. 17 30 N. Uahrenbur^^t a town of Weftphalia, in tilt! county of Hoya, on the river SuhlinRcn, jo m w Nii'iiburg. liti/irin, a town of Arabia, lituate on the w lide of a fine maml, ,-50 m long, in the gulf of Perfia. It gives name not only to the ifland on which it is built, but alfo to a cluP.er of them, celebrated for the pearl filhery ; and likewife to a province, extending along the w coaft of the gulf. The town is fortified, and belonged once to the Portuguefe. It is 70 m NK Lahfa, the capit.il of the province. Lon. 49 5 k, lat. 26 ao n. Ihhtis, a proviuLC of Sweden, on the sw coalt of Gothland, having Norway on the N. It is 115 m iong and from 15 to 30 broad, much interfered by [rivers and lakes. The land is fertile, and the principal exports arc filli, wood, I pitch, lime, tallow, and hides. Balius, a town of Sweden, capital of |i province of the fame name, with a Iforttefs on a ruck. It is fttuate on an liflaiid of the river Gotha, 12 m n by b [Goiheburg. Lon. it 3, e, lat. 57 51 n. Baia, a town of Naples, in Terra di lUvoro, with a caftle on the brow of a Irock-y precipice. It was lormerly fa- Ibious for Its hot baths and elegant JPilices, oi which fuma ruins remaiu. fl-A K It !• fcated on the bay of Naples, la m w Naplrs. Ha/a, A town of Hungary, on the Danube, 35 m NW Hflek. lia/ajor, a cap** on fbo w coift of Africa, » of the Canary iflandH. Lon. 14 11 w, lat. 16 I a N. haiknL a hi.** ol Sibttia, in the pro- vince of likutfk, ^50 m in length, but iiH greatert brradth not above 40- I b« water is frelb ; and tile Rnirima fpeak of it with rcvirriic*, calling it th«; lloly fea There are nMuy feaU in it of a blackilh culour, and abiindanre ot fill) ; alfo f( veral iflandH. .ir raflVon. A little i'. of thi' nnptlii fpringn in a lire ti inplc of tlif Oucbrcs, near a milKlii circuit, Iroin tlie centre of which a bluilli flame nrnJ fulphurous gas arifi s; and thf country around ha^, at timeB.tht' appearance of being enveloped in flamei. Dal^u wan taken hy the Kudlans in iKoi, and Aands on n peninfula, io« m k. by >r Schamachi. Lon. (o 15 k, lat. 4o .^ n- IJa/*, a corporate town of Walfj, in Mcrionethlhirt, with a market on Sa- turday- It Hands on thr lake of liala, or I'emblcnifrt', which i> ^j m Ion;; and one briKid,and abounds uith a lijh call- ed guinard, rt fcii'.bling a falinon in ftiapc, and tailing like a trout. The river Dec ilfues Iroin thiK lake. The town haa .i great trade in woollen ftock- ings, webs, and flannels. It is '\o m p.k Carnarvon, and 19/; NW London. Lon. 3 .« w, lit. .i;j 50N. JialiicliHa, a town of Rnnia, in the jovcriimtnt of Niznci Novogorod, feat- ed near the Volga, 40 m wnw Niznti iNovoporod. Ba/ac/tivd, a fcaport .)f Ruffia, in Crimea. The harbour has a very nar- row entrance, and is land-locked by precipitous mountains of red and white marble, in the fide;; of which are fcreral excavations. On the heights above the mouth of thr port are the ruins ol a magnificent {•<. iioefe fortrcfi;. The p» .- fent inhabitants arc Greeks, and the porticob of all their doors are covered with vines. It in 18 m ssE Scbaftopol. Baia^at, or BalUigct, a country of Hindooftan, in the Dtccan,confitUnp of vad fertile plains, fuppurted by a llu- pendous wall of mouniains, called the Gauts, whicli rifes abruptly from the low country called the Concan. This trat't is fo elevated, that the air is cool and pleafant. The northern part isfub- jert to the Poonah Mahratta-, and it extends thence, alon^' the peninfula, to the fouthern extremity of Myfore. Bmlaguer, a town of Spain, in Cata- lonia, with a ftronp fort that defends a difficult pafs from Tortofa to Tarrago- na. The fort was taken from the French bytheBritifliiniiiu. The town ftands n A I. on thi^rltrer Sej?'^»» «* t*i«" '""^ of a crag- gy rock, ao m w Tarragona, and ^t NK Tortt)(a, Ua/tti/i; n fmall ifland in the gBlf of Mexico, with a fort, nt th' principal Lon. 8y entr.incc of tlic Milliffipiu. xo w, lat. j'> f' N. lUilamhanf^an, a fmall ifland in thtf Indian ocean, at the n extremity of Bt)rneo, where a fettlfmeni wan tormed by the I'all- India Company in 177 J, but cvacoited the luxl yr ir. Iliilamhuun ; lee PaUmboath lialafiura, C/iiia. » town of rii..J->o- ftan, ill .Myfore, iioteil for l!.c mjuufac ture of fngar-candy and tl.tyed fngur, 15 in NK Doda M.dapiira. lialapura, Dodfit * town of Iliiulon. ftan, in Myfor.-, finroiinded by .1 mu 1 w.dl and a iiedge, and hat< a ftroiig niu ! fort, with a palace. Here are man f.idlureR of cloth and fugar. It is :t in N' by w liangalore, an a towi /"'••••tan, at thw ,n '•ime name, i„ t\ .•''""'.Engli/horu " navjKaM,. f„, ,,, l'^' "' J'ur.ln, CM ".7'' ."".account " '• "7 4' w, Lr. , M. a,,ty„ri, ' "^ -^ province ormcrJy i„eu,j J;' ;'^"-"'"'"fillc..tr.d """Inoftan. The fiKnificcnt ftr^otur c.Houtofthcnei;-M '"fo t'lt-' Amu, ir,,n J^'o^NEH,,,e. Lou V/h,re,nearthcmo, .4 m ssvv Ayr BaHibo,^, H town ol ^''"ny...m.wPhi '"; county of Antrim "^^"''-^v^AntrinT' ii'iUtmore, a town ^r'y.«fwMeath. m,mote, a town ^"lltnrobe, a town c fa I'ay, and a trade ^^'JogO'c,,:, a countrv Pro3ch,ng within X4m «°^,ongandfron/3o| ;; 'oga ou^^y, ,„ 1 cy are famous mcl *'"» good accommoda ' o [.f !i of pal «»# the r oi 773» lulon- i nu. ' . it -t SCM in il"^ \'ox iU lUcr. Icioft.in, \dcrab!c ir, 10 in J6 46 ii of Spaini . nc.ir ils 14 N. [is, a tow* I/ibanui, Ihtf iVililc \\t\c lire Iv iliuft'ot lun The a»» t'Arth- loor pl.ict* Jincl, in thf III h.Mbo"r, jy E Dub- t-tfordfliirf > Ion, and j;j Us, a '^"?^1 [e of Sp;iiH The pi">M andlvkal lofe of F"f1 1, and oM ihihabi'^a"^^ in -N'^ K\a> In Sart. n A L nif«nly built 'Hk? bA/.ir, which formi thr urincip.il ([tvct, tlrnotr* aii niMivc tr.imc It ii lltiMtc ill .1 low villcy, ne.ir the C.ifpi.iii lea, ^o m nw S.hI lialf(tit ^ town or PnifTia, on the Frifch Had", 14 in »w KoiiiMlherg. Jhtli, an illaiul of the I*. Iiulic*, 75 m loiiK Aiid 45 liroid, at t'.ic K «.iul oV the iflo of Java, from which it i^ frpa- rati u by a channel called the Strait of U<, cotton, yarn, And pickled pork. I 100 m, hut vcf- fcis of burden cannot approach the town, on account of a bar. Th; chiif Hide iH in logwooil and mahogany, l.on. 87 41 w, hit. 17 \o N. llalk, a city of Ulbec T.irtary, capi- t I of a province of tiic fame name, Ijinf? w of Choraf.in. in which it was tormcriy included. It has a confidcra- l)!e trac!^' in iilk, and is tin' chief fvat of the commerce bctwccii Bokharia and liiiidi)ofl.an. The khan's calllc in a mn^jnificciit ftructuic, built of marble, ilugout of the ni*ijM)i)uring mountains. It is fcatcd on the Dewafli, which flow* into the Amu, x(\->n\ .se Hokhara, and ,i;to NE Herat. Lon- 65 16 e, Ut. 36 :X N. Baltantrac, a toNvn of Scotlmd, in Ayrfhirc, near the mouthof the Siinchar, :4 m ssw Ayr. B(i!lil/ot/, a town of Ireland, in King county, iti m sw Philipftown. ijaUtrnontjy a town )f Ireland, in thecounty of Antrim, 7 m Ebu Colcrain, and 18 NNW Antrim. Ballimore, a town of Ireland, in the county «f W Meath, 1 ? m nk Athlone. Ballimotfi a town of Ireland, in the county of Sligo, with an extciifive linen manufadure, 14 m .s Sligo. Bollinrobe, a town of Ireland, in the county of Mayo, iS m ;: by k Caffkbav. Ballintoy, a town of Ireland, on the s coaft of Antrim, with a tolerable good hay, and a trade in coal, four m w by N Ballycaftle. Ballogijiufi, a country of Hindooftan, I bordering on the N of iMCwat, and ap- I preaching within 14 m w Delhi. It is om long and from 30 to 40 broad. Batltotwn, a town of New York, in ISaratoga county. In a neighbouring bailey are famous medicinal fprings, I with good accommodation^ n' ar them HAL for valetudinarians It U jA ni m A1* bany. llalh/cnjlUt, a town of Irehind, on th« N coal^ ol /Vntrim. It ha» fome ((ood coliirrii'x, ami ftafid* ii«*.»r the mouth of the Olerdhilk, j.^ m m by w Antrim Lon. A 41^ w, lat. jj 14 n. U'tllifCOHttfU a town of Irehtnd, iri th* county of Cavan, 1 1 lu kk Cavan. li^llifni,tli»n% A town of Ireland, in the county uf Longford, 54 m w Dub- lin. Balli/menot a town of Ireland, in thf county of Antiim, on the river Maine* 12 m NNW Antrim. BallijrKxhittcli, \ town of Ireland, In the county of Down. Near this pl.ice the rebcl.i were defeated in 179H, and the greater part of the town wau burnt. It ii* 16 m N K Ncwry. lUitiinakiH, a borough of Ireland, in (]|n'iu county. Here are fome wool- len manufactures, and in the vicinity are theruinsof Acallh'. hia 18 n\ Nvr KilF;«nny. lUilluihannofit .1 borough and fo.i* port dl Inland, in the county of Done- g.al. Here is a good falmon iilhervt anil an extcnlive linen manufaifutf. It is feated near the mouth of the Krne» I ro m Nw Dublin. liOn. I 5 w, lat. J4 .11 N. Ualmerino, a town of Scotland, iit Pifcfhire, which has a trade in corn and falmun. and a mamif.idure of coarfe linen. The ruins of its once magni- ficent abbey are murlj ailntired. It it feated on the frith of Tay, 10 m ww St. Andrew. Da.'nidfrt/f a town of Ireland, in the county of Dublin, fcatcd near the fea, 18 m N Dublin. Baltic, ;ui inland lea, in the nw of Europe, between the coafls of Sweden, Kudia, Courland, Prulfia, Germany, and Denmark. It includes the gulfl of Bothnia and Finland ; and a great numberofiilands, the principal of which a. V. Aland, Dago, Oefel, Gothland, Oe- land, Hornholm, Rugen, and Laland; and the iflands of Zealand and Funen fi'parate it from the C'ategat, by which it communicates with the ocean- The Baltic has no tide, but a current always fets through the Sound into the Cate- gat. Yellow amber is found on the coaft, Baltimore^ a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, on a headland which runs into the fea, and forms a good harbour, 5 m n k of Cape Clear. It has the ruins of an abbey, and is 50 m aw Cork. Lon. 9 14 w, lat- 51 i8 n. Baltimore, the laigeft town of Mary- land, capital of a county of the fame name, in which are nunieruus iron- I* ■ . r;: » St ' ' ''■ ■'[ * J ' ■ iifc8 this ifle, called nines of golil, ti. The capital .on- 9 30 Wjlat. [hec T-irtary, in Hf rt' are a great and reccffcs cut fome of whicli, work and extra- ive fiippofed to t is feated near ime, 170 m sse ai. 39 30 N- he N borders of ih, with a fort, dy, 170 m NNE in Oxfordftiire, rdnffday- Some caftle yet exift; I leather gloves, s. It is featcd n w Oxford, and in Devonfliire, itarday, a chaly- manufadure of n a bottom, fur- in mne Exeter, on. jh of Ireland, in on the Shannon, 1 of Hindooftan, e mud fort, and e palace. Much In the vicinity. U am. in Oxfordfhirc, with a market on ed for its cakes on the Charwt;!, iLon. I II w,lat. In the E coaft of tor its p»odu>. maiiutadures of cotton, camb« lets, ticking. &c. It is fituate on a river ot the fame name, 17 m sw Cork. liandora, a town of Hindooftan, on tlu: 8 fide of the ifland of Salfclte, which is feparalcd from that of Bombay by a narrow channel. It is 6 m n Bombay- Buiijf, a borough and feaport of Scotla"nd, and the county-town of BanflThiie. The caftle, formerly a place of ftrength, is now a plain modern edi- fice. 'Ihe harbour i^ defended by a pier and a battery. Here are manufac- tures of thread, cotton, and ftockings ; and great quantities of I'almon are ex- ported. The number of inhabitants was 3571 in 1801, and 3603 in 181 1. It is feated on the fide of a hill, at the mouth of the Deveron, 45 m nnw Aberdeen, and 165 n by t Edinburg. Lon. 2 23 w, lat. 57 40 n. Banffjbiret a county of Scotland, bounded on the N by the ocean, se by Aberdeenfhire, nnd w by Elginlhire. Its greateft lengih is 50 m, and its ex- tent along the coaft iz, but the mean breadth is not more than 16. It con- tains 649, 600 acres, and is divided into aj parirfies. The number of inhabit- ants was 35,807 in 1801, and 36,668 in 181 1. The s part is very mountainous, but the northern diftriift is level and fertile. The principal rivers are the Deveron and Spey, which form a part of its E and w boundaries. Banf[dioret a city of Hindooftan, in Myfore. It has a ftrong fort, the bul- wark of Myfore, toward Arcot : it was taken by the Englifli in 1791, and re- ftored the next year to Tippoo, who deftroyed it ; but it has fince been reno- vated. The palace is compofed of mud, yet not without fome degree of magni- ficence; and there are two extenfive gardens. The chief manufactures are filk and cotton-cloths, muflins, leather, and oil. It is 74 m ne Seringapatam. Lon. 77 37 E, lat. ij o n. KAN Eafifror, a city of Wales, in Camarl vonfliire, with a market on Friday. It was once ccnfideriible, and defended by a caftle ; but is now a fmall place, thougli increafed fince a ncvv .laibour was madi*. The number of inhaliitanta was 1770 in 1801, and 238.? in 181 1. The principal buildings are the cath*:- dtitl and the biftiop's palace. It is fitu- ate at the N end of the ftrait Menai, 36 m w St. Afapl), and 451 nw Lon- don. Lon. 4 la w, lat. <3 la n. Bangor, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Down, ftated on the s fide of the bay of Carrickfer^ as, oppofite the town of that name. Ban,(, ; a town of the diftridt of Maine, .n Hancock county, on the w fide of Penobfcot river, 25 m n by « Belfaft. Banja/uka, a town of European Tur- key, in llolbia, fuppofed to contain 18,000 inhabitants. Il is feated at the conHux cf the Verbania with the Verba-s, 70 ra Nw Serai, and 155 w Belgrade. Lon. 18 5 e, lat. 4444 k. Banjer, a confiderable river in the ifiand of Borneo, which flows almoft due s from the centre of the country to the harbour of Banjermaftin, and at its niouth the Dutch have their principal fadory. BanjcrmaJJiny a kingdom in tie s pan of the ifland of Borneo, the capital of which is Negara. The country produces great quantities of pepper; alfo gold, iron, diamonds, canes, edible birds-nefts, wax, and dragonfblood. 1 has a town of the fame name, with a good harbour, at the mouth of the river Banjer. Lon. 114 30 e, lat. 3 15 s. Banks Ijland, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, on the e fide of New Z'"iland, about 100 m in circumference. Lon. 174 o E, lat. 43 30 s. Banks Ijland, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, near the w coaft of N America, about 60 m long and 5 broad. Lon. 1300 w, lat. 53 30 N. Banit, a river of Ireland, which iffues from the Mourne mountains iu the county of Down, flows nw into Ar- magh, through Lough Neagh, and thence forms the boundary between Londonderry and Antrim, entering the fea 4 m below Colerain. Bannbridge, a town of Ireland, in the county of Down, on the river Bann, 14 m N by E Ncwry. Bannockburn, a village of Scotland, on the river Bannock, 3ms Stirling. It has manufadures of cotton-cloth and tartan, and an extenfive colliery. This place is noted for a battle between £dwdrd II and Robert Bruce, in ijmi n l! /' , ;)):•■« BAR in which tlic former wiig tirlV^tpd. Here alfo Jiimcs iii, in 14H7, was de- feated by liis r«l)tllioU!i rii!)jrL'h. wotiiid- Vi\, and foon aticr imirderrd by a prkll called in to receive liis contcfTioii. Batmow, a borotitjh ;uul feapoit of Ireland, in the county of VV«'xford, on the E fid(! of a bay to which it j;iv(S namo, 20 m sw Wexford, l.on. 6 40 W, lat. 5 a a N- Bantam^ a town on tiu! w coaft of Java, capital of a kingdom of tlic fame name, with two forts. It is divided into two parts by a river. The LngliHi and Danes had faiftorii'-. hen* till 16X2, when they were expelled by the Dutch. The produce of the country is pi pper, of which valt ,ir pir S^hte, a town of Franc*", in tlu' iltpartnitnt of Aube, on the river Siiiie, at the foot of a mountain, ao m bw I'ar fur Aiib'". Biira, one of the Hebrides of Scot- land, to the s of S Uilt. It is la tn long and 4 broad, and has a mountain- ous appeirance, but the foil in nuiiiy parts is fertile. (Jreat quantities of cod and ling arc cau^iht on thecoaft; and fliellfifli, efpecially cockles, are found in abuiidauee. On the nk fulc is a good harbour- Lou. 7 27 w, lat. 57 2 N. Btiracoa, a town on the ne coaft of Cuba, with a good harbour for fmall vellMs, 90 m ene St. J:igo do Cub.i. Lon. 74 42 w,lat. 10 jo n. Uaramo tU- Malambo, a town of Terra Firma, in the province of St. Martha, and a bifliop'sfet, with a good harbour, at the mouth of the Mada- Icna, 70 m nk Cartli.igena. Lon. 74 5« w, lat. II 20 N. Barany, or Baramvahr, a town of Lower Hungary, capital of the county of Barany, taken from the Turks in 1684. It is feated on an ifland formed by the river Craflb, 14 m n Eflek, and 120 s Buda. Lon. 19 16 e, lat. 454a m. Baraquicemito, a town of Terra Fir- ma, in Venezuela, on a river ( f the fame name, 80 m v. by NTruxillo. Barbacoa, a town of Nt-w Granada, in Popayan, on the river Tolembi, no msw Popayan. Barbacoa, a town of Terra Firma, in Venezuela, on the e fide of the lake Maracaybo, 130 m 8 by w Venezuela. Barbados, the eafternmoft of the Windward idands, in the W Indies, 25 m long and 1 5 broad. The exports are fugar, rum, cotton, and ginger ; and it has mod of the fruits common to the climate. The fugar exported hence is finer than that of any other plantation; and it has one particular produ<5tion, called Barbaoo." tar, which rifes out of the earth, and fwims upon the furfacc of the water. This ifhnd has fufFcred much from hurricanes; particularly from one in 1780, when 4,326 of the inhabitants, blacks and whites, loft their lives ; and the damage done to the pro- perty was computed at 1,320,^1601. The capital is Bridgetown. Barbara, a town of the kingdom of Adel feated near the mouth of the Ha- wafti, 2.0 m NE Aucaguel. Lon. 4625 E, lat. II 2 N. Barbara, St. a town on the coaft of New Albion, capital ofa jurifdidtion of its name. It (tands in a rugged coun- try, but has a good roadftead. Lon. 119 46 w, lat. 34 «6 N. larbour for Ihip an ancient crlh college, founded ranc*", m the river lii), lo m of Scot- is i» rn riountain- iii many Uitii-s of he coaft ; kU.s, are e NK fide 17 w, lat. F. coaft of for fmall dft Cub.i. town of :e of St. iih a good he Mada- jon. 74 5« town of he county Turks in nd formi-'d EfTek, and t. 45 4a N. Terra Fir- f the fame Granada, embi, no Firma, in f the lake iTenezuela. of the Indies, z$ xports are er ; and it »on to the d hence it )lantati(>n; rodiiftion, ifes out of the furfacc an fufFered articularly 326 of thi s, loft their to tlie pro- ingdom of of the Ha- Lon. 46 25 le conft of ifdidtion of ;ged coun- lad. Lon. n A 11 BArharecn, ^ vili;ipe of Ceylon, on thf w coaft, 6 m » (.'Ahuia. It h. s a liarboiir for Ihip boats, and a con 11 er- al)Ie maniif.tJtuie of cordajieand ca^'lcs j'lonj the cocoa-tree Ucirkary, a country of Afri-.", be- tween the Atlantic ocean, the Meditcr- i.inean fca, and I'^-ypt; containing the lOiintrifsof Rarca, Tripoli, Tunis, Al- ;:icr8, Fez, Morocco, 'l';if.lct, and Bile- diiigciid. It is 1800 m in length, and, in fome places, 450 in breadth. It was known lo the ancients by the names of Mauritunia, Numidia, Proper Africa, and Lybia. it is the bef: country in all Al'iica, except Kgypt ; and fertile in corn, wine, citrons, orangci, fig», almu.idfl, olives, dates, and melons. Tile chief trade confifts in fruits, in liorffs, called barbs, Morocco leather, oftrich feathers, indigo, wax, tin, and coral. The tftabliflicd religion is Mo- hamedanifm. Barbas, a cape of Africai in the At- lantic ocean. Lon. 16 40 w, lat. it 15 N. Barbf, St- a town of New Spain, in New Bifcay, near which are rich filver mines. It is 500 m nw Mexico. Lon. 107 5 w, lat. 46 o N. Burberinoy a town of Tufcany, at the foot of the Apennines, on the river Sieva, la m n Florence. Barbezifux, a town of France, in the department of Charente, with a mineral fpiing,and a manufacture of linen cloth, 45 m NE Jiourdeanx. Barbuda, one of the Leeward iflands, in the W Indies, 20 m long and 10 broad. It has c ^ .)d road for iliipping, '-ut no direft trade to Britain. The in- iiabitants, about 1500, are chiefly em- ployed in raiting corn, and breeding fwine and fheep, for the ufe of the neigl bi uring iflands- It is 35 m N An- tigua. Low. 61 50 w, lat. 17 36 N. Barby, a town of Upper Saxony, cltom of the harbour. It has a fine univer- fity, a cathedral with two lofty towers, a palace for the viceroy, a large ex- change, an extenlivc cannon foundery, an arlenal of vaft extent, and docks for the building ofgailies. It has manufac- tures of filk, cotton, lace, and printed calicos, curious works in glafs, and its fwords, knives, (hoes, hats, and blank- ets, are in great reputation. The in- habitants are computed at more than 150,000. In 1705, it was taken by the earl of Peterborough, after a fiege of three weeks. In 1706, Philip v inveft- ed it with a numerous army, but was obliged to raife the fiege. In 17 14, it was taken by the French and .'Spaniards, and the citadel built to keep it in awe. It is 250 m li .Viadrid. Lon. a 8 e, lat. 41 23 N. Barcelona, a town of Terra Firma, capital of .1 diilrirt of it.s name, in the province ot Cumaiia. The chief trade is in beeves and hogs, many of which are exported alive, and cargoes of jerk- ed beet" annually fent to Havana. It ftands on the left bank of the Neveri, near its mouth, 65 m w by s Cumana. Lon. 65 15 w, lat. 10 8 n. Barcelonette, a town of France, in the department of Lower Alps, feated on the Hubaye, la m se Embrun. Barcelore, or Barcura, a town of Hindooftan, on the coaft of Canara, which gives name to a diftritfl, but has been long in ruins. It is 40 m nnw Mangalore. Barcelos, a town of Portugal, in Entre Donro e iMinho, near the river Cavado, 10 m wsw Braga. Bardt^ivici, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Luneburg, on the river llmenau, 17 m se Hamburg. Bardi, a town of Italy, in Parmefan, with a magnificent cartle, 30 m sw Parma. Bardt, a town of Hither Pomerania, wiih a caflie and harbour, near the Baltic, 15 m w by N Stralfund. Lon. li I, lat. 54 %$ w. Li BAR liarfgfj, a town of Kianriei'j, a fmall ifland in the P.icitic iictan, «mic oi'thc New Ilebridcii. Lon. 167 lU i', ht. 15 43 8. Hartholomew, St. u\u; of the Caribo illands in iht W Jndifs, 54 m in cir- cumference, and 1.5 N otSt. Cliriftopher. The Frt'nch ceded it to tlie Swedep in 1785 ; awd it was taken by the Britifh in 1801. The chii-f exports are drugs and lignum vital ; and it has a f;ood harbour. Lon. 63 40 w, lai. 17 46 n. Bitrtoii', a town in Lincoliiihire, with a market on Monday It has two large churclits, and was forimrly a coiilidir- able place, furroundt-d by a rampart and fofd, till' remains of which are yet vilible. Four m ese are the noble ruins of Thornton abbey. Barton is featod on the Hiunber, over which is a Ifiry into Yorl ''lire, ^4 m n Lincoln and 1O7 London. Bnrton, a town in Lancafliire, noted for its trade and manufactures, 'llie inhabitants were 6197 in lUoi, and 6948 in 181 1. It is leaitd on the Irwell and tiieduke of Brid^ewater's canal, 6 m sw Manchefler. Bnruth, a town of Lufatia, on the frontiers of Brandenburg, a6 m s by b Potfdam. Harutli, a town of Syria, with a chrif- tian church, 30 m ne Scyda. Bofurtj'chickt a town of Kuropean Turkey, in Komania. It has a jireat trade, and is featcd on the river Meiiiz. Lull. 34 40 b, lat. 4 2 19 N, Bafcl, or Bajk, a canton of Swid'er- land, 24 m long and ai broad ; bounded on the N by lirifgau, k by the toreft towns, s by the canton of Soleure, and w by the bifhopric of Bafel and France. It eoniains about 38,000 inhabitants, and is of the Calvinift religion. Bcifcly the capital of the canton of the fume name, and tiie largfft city in Svvillerland. It is furrounded by thick walls flanked by towers and baltioiis ; and is divided into two parts by the Khine, which communicate by a hand- fome bridge. The largeft part is on the fide of Swifl\rland, and the lead on that of Germany. The larger has five gates, fix fuburbs, nuniiTons Itreets and foun- tains, and ib partly fcated on a hill ; the DAS other ftandson a pl.iin. an the Aatc prifon of Scotland. Hands at the edjs'f of tlic precipice. 'Hie gar- rifon, in 1 694, fiirrcpdt red to king Wil- liam, and th-: fortifications were de- niiililhi-d. llnfj Suait, a channr! abont 40 Itngiirs w Ktf, which fcj arates Van Dic- intn Land from the s t'xtremity of New Holland. It was difcoviTcd in 171^8, by furpion Hafs, in an open wlinleboat, and palled through by him and lieutiMiant Fiiniitrs. in ihi- Norfolk, in 1799. It is crofl'ed by a chain of fmall ifianda. Italv, ita, in ?rodu(f^ive of t-xcillcnt wine and oil. 'he French defeated the Auftrians at this place in 1796. It is 18 m n Vi- ccnza. Laje, a town of France, in the de- partmtnt of Nord. formerly of grcai Itrenptii, but difmantlcil by Lewis xiv. It is ftaicd on the Dcule, 18 ni sw Line. liajjtfth a town of Hindooftan, in the country of I)apl;ma. Jt was taken by the F.nglilh in 17M0, but rcftored to the Mahrjilta'' in 17H3. It ftands on the feacoall, uppohle the Nw point of the ifland of Sallcttc, 20 m N Bombay. Loii. 72 4C E, !,it. !9 20 N. ta£enthwii!te- 'waiei-t a lake in Cum- ber!. uu', 3 m Nw Ktfwick. It is 4 tn lonj;, Loundtd ( p one lidc by hij^h hills, wooded, in many place:,, to their bafcs ; on tliw- other, by tli' helds and the Ikirts of.Skiddaw. The livcrDerwent flows thiiiugh its whcl..' hiigth. I'lajjlirrrr^ the c;:pit.il of St- Chrif- topher, l)iiilt by llic Freiicli, when this part oltlic illand was in ilieir pofllf- licii, bv.'1'ore it was ceded to IheEiiglilh in 1713. It is lituatc on the sk end of tht! illnnd, hasa confuleiablc trade, and i'l defended by three forts. Lon- 63 13 v, lat. \j JO s. EaJJ'eterref the capital of Guada« loupe, oil the sw part of the ifland, defended by a citadel and other forti- fications. LoD. 61 59 w, lat. 15 .59 N. BAT PuiJItUt or Prr/dtim, a citr of P<^n, cipiMl of the province of Banirn. It i.i a tradiiiK pl.icr, fituate on a river of the fame namr, which i» th«; vr brAiich of the Irrawaddy, no m (iw Pegu. Lon. 94 5j K, lal. 1(51 N. lUiji'nrtt, or V^ofra% a city «nd fcaporl of Aliatic Turkey, in Irak Arabi. It Hands nii the RuphratcD, a c.mal fn^m which ilivides the city into two partn, and over it is a bridge of boats. Mrr- chaiits of Arabia, Turkey, Armenia, and Clreece, and many Jews ate.l In- dians refidc here ; the Englifli and Dutch have their confula, and their Ihips come loaded with .ill the mcr- chandife of India, which are conveyed hi -'cc to Bagdid, Aleppo, ("onftanti- nople, and even to the Mi'diterranean Ihore. The neighbouring countrifi furnifli alfo merchandifc for exchange ; the moll conlideraSle of which are the ancient copper of I'erli.'s, pearls, grain, dates, wine, and dry iVuits. Baffora belongs rather to the Arabs than the Turk!!, the language of the former is cliielly fpoken, and their prince payi but little refpcdt to the Ottoman court. The number of inhabitants is computed to be 50,000. The city is furrounded by a wall of clay, faid to be 6 m in cir- cumference : the ftrccts r • bad and narrow, and the houfes ha/e a mean afpcft. It is 40 m nw of the mouth of the Euphrates in the gulf of Pcrfia, and 190 sw Ij'pahan. Lon. 47 35 e, lat. 30 3' N. Jiiftla, a feaport of European Tur- key, in Albania, oppoftte 'the ifland of Corfu, at the mouth of the Calamu. Lon 20 ao k, lat. 39 40 n. liajlia, a city of Corfica, Capital of the illand, with a good harbour and a flrong callle. It was taken by the Fiii^lifli in 1794. It is 80 m ssw J eg- hoin. Lon. 9 20 e, lat. 4a 38 n. liajVula, a town of Spain) in Bifcay, 17 m ssw Vitoria. linjltnientos, fmall iflandi near the illhm'us of Darien, at the entrance of the bay of Nombre de Dios, with a fort, and a good harbour, l^on. 79 45 w, lat. 9 30 N. Bajlofrtiff a city of the Netherlands, in Luxemburg, near the foreft of Ar- dennes. It was fortified by the French in 1 683, and being fovery populous and well built was frequently called Paris in Ardennes. It is 43 m nnw Luxem- burg. Lon. 55a E,lat. 50 o n. BaJkvapMttanat a town of Hindooftan, in My lore, with a fort and a celebrated mofque, 60 m e by n Nagara. BatabanOf a town on the s coaft of Cuba, (itu.ite on 1>: iiig iflandi, and li « A T Cubx, litii.ite oil tlu' N Hito of ii liirfte b^y. oppulitc l'int)>t inaiitl, <;<; m nmv M'V.iiia. I. nil. Ui () w. I»t. ;, i so N. Untni-ulu, a town on tlic n co.i(l of Ccyloii, with n (umII toit, aii'l a liar- hiiiii tliat .1 linit^ ol' (iiVkll cr.ii't. it i:i 6j III » hy V. 'rriiioni.iKv hiitiil/.'ii, ,1 town (if' l'(irtii;7.il, In Mf- tri'm.uliii.i, crlihi.ucil for it;i rich mo- iiadcry, tuinulcil iii ij^M hy John i. who IS interred hen-, with his quccii i'liilippa. It is 8 in khw L«ira. liatai'ecli, a town tt' Lower Ihmgary, on the DaiiiibC) yo n\ 8 Itiula. Lon> k; ;o t. Lit. 46 15 N. liittuviih thf ai.cii'nt name of an illaiiil in Holland, b'ec l\tHWf. Butavia- a city a'ul Icaport on the NW p.iit of Java, capital of the coniitry of J/tcatra, and the whole iilaiui, M\i\. l.itt'lyof all tlic Dutch Itllli'mentu in the £ Indii'9. Thr fort is built of coial rock, brought fror^ fomc (f the adjoin- ing idandi, and has a fortiitcation of brick,. A part of the town wall iti bii'lt of dcnfc lavrt from the mountainn in the centre of Java. No Hone, of any kindi is ;'> be found for many miles biyonrl this city ; but marbh? and gr.initi; are brought here from China. The Inr- bour is excellent, and there are canals in the principal ftrccts, planted on each fide with treeo. Oatavia contains a prodigious number of inhabitants, of every country in thef: parts. It has a handfome hofpital and arfcnal ; and all the goods brought from other pans of the E Indies are laid vp here, till they are exported to their places of deflina- tion. The city furrendered to a Bri- tifli force in lUn. It is fituate amid fwaa* -)9and llagnant pools, which, with the fogs and climate, render the air un- wiiolefome to European:. Lon. 106 54 K, lat. 6 12 8. Batcolft a tow'i of Uindooftan, on :he coaft of v'anara. The country pro- duces a great quantity of pepper. It is 10 m N Harcelore. Bath, a city in Somerfetfliirc, go- verned by a mayor, with a market on Wedntfday and Saturday. It hii been famous, from the time of tin- Romans, for its hot fpriii,'s, which are not only ufed as baths, but internally as a me- dicine ; and great benefits are derived from them in gouty, paralytic, biliniis, and other cafes. The reputation of thefe waters has fo much increal'ed, that Bath is become the principal re- fort, next to the mctropoliii, for the nobility and gentry, and the conftant refidence of many opulent invalids, as well as of numerous votaries of difll- pation. The poor who come here to nAT diink lli« w.ilcn, may he r^Cflvttd into j» mai^nifioi-rit hofpit.il. The hillis.uc diniii|."ii(lii be|j n to thu country. 'I'lic immbiT of itihaliitiiiti was \i,itiQ ill 18s I, and ;, i,4ij6 in lUi 1. It is feat ;d on the Avon, which is n.ivi- gable hence to the fi'a, 13 m ksb Bii- fa)l, and 106 w London. Lon. % 21 w, lat. 51 :i N. lhitli,A town of the diftriJl of Main»', ill Lincoln county, on the w (ide of llje Ivcnebe ■, i ] n\ sw of Wifcafiet. lUit/i, a tou'ii of Virginia, in Bcrke- by county, ii.ted for its warm Ipiingi ; lit lale at the foot of a mountain, 45 m NE Alexantlria. Ifii.'/i. a town of Virginia, chief of a county of the fame name. Here are hot medicinal fprings, mar the foot of a mountain. It flands near Jacklbn river, a br.inch of the James, i.jo m vr IVedeticfburg. Lon. 80 10 w, lat. 38 10 N. Jjat/i, a town of New York, in Steu- ben county, fcated near the fource of the Tioga, 4a m sk VVilliamlburg. Hatha ; fee llach. ]iat/iji;ate, a town of Scotland, in Linlithgowibire, which has a maiiufac ture of mudin, .and exttnfive qu.ii rie» of freeftone. It is iS m w by a Edin- burg. Uathuml, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Guriel, at the mouth of a river of the fame name, in the Black lia, 3a m N by E (5onieli. liattiir, ov liatinda, a town of Uin- dooftan, ill the province of Moultan, 1 10 m tsi Moiitiaii, and i;o n\v Agi- nierc. liaio, one of thf; Ladrone iflands. Lon. 14S0 1:, lat. 120 N. liatod, a fmall ifland in the Indian ocean, near the w lide of Sumatra, on the equinoctial line, in lon. c(8 o e. liattfnbur'it ^ town of Iv '.land, in Cn'ldcrland, with a caftle on the n banlf ot th(> Meufe, 10 m f^w Nimeguen. Uattevburf^, a town and caftle of Germany, in Upper IlL-fle, feated on the Edcr, 14 m n .Marburg. Battei-fea, a village in Surry, 4 m wsw London. Here was the feat of the St. •Johns, where the famous lord BoUn- •TfiltJ* t ■ 7 ■ f> if ii ' in n A V l.frtVe wai born, ,inil tlinl- On the If^ of ii now ftand « diUilltry anil j (h)M- r.nnul iiir mill. Hcif in.i nmbrr biulgc over thi' Tlinnr" l«» Chrllrn. Uutlict/n, * fortrif^on tlir r. ruli* of Ciyl»)ii» bill'' l»y thi' Diiuli. It i» of grr.it imp'>it.nicf, on .ictoiint of I he fr.«rpm<' fntility nf thr adjiant coiiri- fry wliiih, diirln^,' .i wir, or timrn of fiarcity, in the «'i; and ih liiiiitrat thf Ii:?.id of a d« < p bay, 54 m fcsn Trin- com.ilr. Until-, .1 town in Sti(V«'x, with ;« m^r* kf't on 'I'lMirfd.iy. Hctwciti thi* phicc and llinin^'s, Williini duke of Nor- mandy dtlt.itt'd ll,irt)ld kin>r of V.w^- land, in fo66, and in nn'mory of this vielory tic founded Inrc an abbey, which from its rcmaiiiH .ipprars to have bi't'n mi^jnificfiii. This town is famoun for a m.nnufatfturcot pimpowdtT. It in 14 m K Lcw«'',.nid /-/i mh Londnn. liiitllfjiel m r»K Er/,cruiu. Lon. 44 "5 »» ••»* .19 ».< >•• Hntftrj'ilorf, A town of l'r.inc'on"n, in the pirincipjiity of U.iyrcuih, with .1 f^it .)!' jiidlce and .1 large fynngoguei fvatcd on the Kcdnit/, 4 m x KrUng. Buffujt, n town of Fimoco, in the dr. p^rtmcnt of Cilvxlnn, and a hiOiop'i friv The cathcdr.jl i» very noble, and thfrr arc iVventft-n other chnrehes. I'hc vhicf trade in in leather. It in feated on the river Anrr, 4 m fr<»m the laiglilh channel, and 140 w by n Tans. Lon. 041 w, lat. .)o 17 M. BaiUn, a town of Spain, in And ilu- f[\. III iHo8,thcSp,iiii.iid'. dill ifrd ihr French near thiit place. It it ao in n Jean. Unyon^ a town of France, in the de- partineiiiof Meurthe, on the river Mo- fi'llc, n m« Nancy. Bayonit, a town of Spain, in Oalicia, on a fniall K>'lf *>^ the Atlantic, with f, convenient harbour, i » in w by n Tuy. i/<;y(?««^ acityand fciport f France, in the department of Lowrr Pyn-iuvs, ind a bidiop's fee- Th«' Nive anil Adonr unite their flreatna in the mid- Jlffof the city, and proceed to the fea, it the diftanc. of a mil*'. The firit, which is deeper and more rapid than the Ailour, divides the town into two un- ('i]iiil parts, the fmalleft of which is called the Bonrgneuf, or new town. They have a communication by three timber bridges. A bank of fand, at the mouth of the Adonr, renders the en- trancr of the harbour diflRcnlt. The citadel is the fliongeft in France, and J frontier barrier toward Spain. The cathedral is remarkable for the height ofthe nef, .ind the delicacy of the piU l.irs which fupport It. The military weapon the bay\)net, bears the name of this city,in which it was invented. The chocolate of Hayonnc is famous; nnd it alio exports wines, woollen cloths, lilkf:, cottons, &c. The chief trade arifes out of its relation with Spain, and it is a kind ofcmporium for the inerchandife of that country. It is 35 m sw Dax, and 4:5 s by w Paris- Lon. i 29 w, lat- 43 19 N. Bni/pour, a town of Ilindooftan, in ilie province of Malabar, on a river cipable of receiving velH-ls of 400 tons. It is 11; m s by t. Calicut. Uuyreutli, or Bareith, a city of Franco- nia, capital of a principality of the fame name, with a palace, a fine caftle, nx\i\ ' famoui college- Near it, forming a nr. A kind of fiibur^i, \\ the town of OHIh gi'n, which h.i« a Liru*' eaflle, x m^nit* fatflnre of cxcellmt nrown and wliit« lillird by m«an« of ,1 ni »« hine. |t4 1 ^i^^, the archivcii of th« ptinei|Mlity were brought to llayrcilth Irom Plaireiiliiirg \ fee t'ulmhiifh. Hay rent l< is \x \w K itambcrg. Lon. 11 44 », lit. 41; f f; n. tiaza, a town of Spam, in (iian id.i, built at the loot of a hi^h monntain. The front of the mMkcthoulV i» fup« porti'd by nine iron eannoo, which, la 14M1), aided in lakinK thii plu-r Irom the MoorK. It ii }i m vs*. Gu.idik. V.iixarJiiik, a town of Luropean Tur- ki-y, in Biilitiria, on the livrr Marilla, 14 in NNW Philippopoli, and 50 ksk Sofia. haztij, a town o( I'r.ince. in the de- partment of (fironde, aiidl.itely anepiC- copd fee. It is feated on a rock, j m from the river Ciaronne, and 4a SR Ilourdeaux. Lon. o 1 w, lat. 44 n y. lieachif ///Yiw1 HK£!S .^nl Wl ''■1 Hi j|n B ".I. ' It; «' i: n F A It f« mflfd tht prutidrv of P.irlii. !» now forn>« fh (l»-p,irtn in» > » K»re 4»hJ J.-Mr. Hftin/trl, A t|inr<> of M C.moIiim, which lir»»«t iMi fcKiMft Jwlwfin < uiii. bdhci' •tnil iviihi 'Ivir*. Ifu' N pirt b«» for.'ft* -r c^prt^■•^ *t"il ihi* ItiuU priM*uc>' rii**, III ' i{ '• &!'• C oil' w;i)('hi<' \s fl • t*it>l(.il llaii/.,rl, I ftnrorf «'f S Cirolin.i, In (ii.tiivillc C'Miiily. The conrtk for< lUcrly ht «t ItiTf .ir<* now removal u» C< nMw.iti'Hir. It > iH a (-trf and cum* ni lUti itr on tht* ill III. I m" Pint Uov«l. .»"; m "^v Ch.ulcf- lon. Ion Ho 4'i w, l.it. )2 ^0 M- lifni/.rt, .1 f«Mp(»rt o^ N Cirolin.i, c!iiif own of CarliTi't county It i« fitiiatr I'll tht* N> liitfot Con* t'i)i|ii(t, 55 m xi». Ni'wbern. Lon. ;; lo w, l.it- 14 ,iH N. hftiti/irt, .1 town of FiMMCC, In the dcp.ii tmciif ol M.iy< niir niul Loire, with a iMllIc, 15 rn I. Anm'ri. liiait/ort, a town of Savoy, on the river On MK i* m sv. Monticr. Ihaiii^f>uy, a t«i\/n ot I'l.inci', in the dcpartiiifiit of Loire, f.nnous for its witKH i fiMtcil on (he river Loire. 6 ni %v OrltM'H. Uniiijm, .-4 town of Trnncc, in ilic dcpirtment of Rhone, with an aneirut caftic} featcd on the Arditre, at tijc foot of a mountain, 13 m nnw Ville- francht. Heaiijo/Jf, a late province of I'rancr, Jo m long and 24 broail. It lieit n° of -yonois, and both of tlicm now iDrni tlic drpirimciit of Uhouc. BfauUt/, i river ot' Scotiiind. in Iii- vernefsfliirc, formrd by the union of the riviilctH Farrar.Cannich, and Glafn, on the border;! of Rolhlhire. K takes A NV. couife. and aftt r lorniingtiie fails of Kiimorack and otlier cafcadcH, flowj to the town of Ri'aulty, where it eutcra the hi'ad of Moray frith. liiau/ey, a town of Scotland, in In- verni'fKniirc, at the month of the river JJcaulty, I J m nw Invcrnefs. lii-aiilifu, a viil.igc in Ilatnpfliirf, on a river of it:i name, 6 m ssw Southamp- ton. It has a maiuifaiitnre of ciiarfe facking ; and on the oppofite iide of the river are the remains of its famous abiicy, founded by king John. BemdieUi a tmvn of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, fituatc on the Indrcf, oppofite Lochen. BeatimarchrZi a town of France, in the department of Gers, 13 m w Ali- rande. Beaumaris, a borough of Walcn, and the county-town of Angiefcy, governed by a mavor, with a market on Wedncf- 4ay and Saturday, it ftands on the n r, c (Ifilt nf M»*nal, w«ti fl»t\^t^\ wl»h s e lOli- by Filw.ird ». and h«« .1 y.oih\ har- hoMt The number of i' hiltiiatili wai i(7rtln iKoi, o'd iRioiii ilii. It i* 59 in v> by N ( ht Wtr, out i^i nw l.oti* tloii I in 4 I ^ ^>, U'. s\ tS **• Lfttiimont. .1 town of t'raiire, in tlie dtp.irtmrnt of Nord, feaii-d iwivvtr,, the M.iere utid S.imbrf, 10 m E Mau> beUKC- tWtiumonl Je i>epnttj(nr, n town of France, in llie dip.ntmrnt of Uppif f the held of 80,000 men, when th' women, under th,'h tottnofH,.dfordlhire, 'ii'iday and S.ifmd , ^} m.iyor, .111,1 f,.„ which divides it into by a bridge with a g.n J" live churcheH. ;ui ftr-'iigcaaie, uhofe I 'ng green. TIk- „„,„ "Js ^'MH in I Ho I, ail " » 27 m K by N ]| 50 V by w London. f^tJ/ord, a town of Ipitalot a county ufth '< Icated near one of t Juniatta, i8« m w l»hl h*^34 w, lat. 40 o V. I Bedford, a town of 1 'orlc, in VV Cheftcr c\ ' New York.-Anotf tnd of Long ifland, 6 rj J/f/'S'^' a town of Widdicfex county. 13 , u -^"t^* ^"^' •■» toi "f^«. Ml briftol countyl "ivigation on the Acl •"V "^ Bofton. Lon. , 41 N. '" , .^'4for J Leve/, H tr A '"out 300,000 acres, Jnl III tta MM ItU M l.Otf I. , III the DWII f)f UppT Ci I) n\ rr.li' •. i)Ci a^Mi fFranir, 10 in !i ■ Fr.inre, T.a Ollf, • 11 the (!c« m »t\i p, cipi'M lul Intel/ Irnl is 1(1- ; and tti: rkablc fur I bi'fif)ii'd guiiUy. 't wlirn th'' J can (!c r.iifc tl;'; on a pom'. 13 fcaUit Lun. 15 re, in the he bay 0. ')l()nne. t)ia, ill tK" a caftlo on the di'pnrt- noble Be- lla a. in Suffolk, It has a ■cple ; a"J ;i\ with 10 ilcpf, Cam- Waventy, 39 N E Lon- in Leon, ■nia, capital ic, in which „ and mine* ortified caf- LaufnitZjJT UK D m 1 hy w Pr4Kuc. l^n. 14 tl r, Ut. ^1) iH N. Iltkum, % town of VVf flph tll.i, In thr prinriiuhJy of' MiiMf>i r, ;it thi* iourcit of thr VrrlV, i> in %► iVlunUcr. ll:l,iU, 4 town in N Y'trklhirr, wiili J rn ir' it on 'I'lirrdnv, 10 in )k Kich* moiiil, iiul in MNw t.oitdtiii. // liiritiiA, .» titwii III' rrincc, in the ill pirtiiKDt of tlcriiilt, wi;h .1 m.inn- t'u'lnri' of t|rii(ti{"i«, .ml other woolkil itiiffK ( (c.itrd on ihi* Orbrfi 16 iti s Ut/iiT«. llnlJinj^lDH, !\ vilt.iifi' in Siiiiy, : m w C'toydihi. I Irr ' ii» lUddinxlon-pii^. Dili' of the itiHiiy liiil to hivi? I)»imi the rcliili'MCC of i|'iivn i;iir»h«'lh. The ihtiieh ii '« fiolliii- pile, with (\.ilU in ilic in iiiinr of .1 iMth< ditl. Ht'.I.H. or //.v/<'/(f, ,1 vill ix<« in SnfTVx, • , in w I.i'wu, niMi ,1 riviT t»f it 1 n ini'-, v.hieh I'litent the Kn^lidl ch;iiinrl, ,it N»n. Hi-iler, « to«iii of I'r.mcr, in the dr- nirtinrnt of Illeaiul Vii.iiin", loin *Nw Ren 1 1 1' 1. l\ tier, .1 fortidid tnwii of Hindoo- l^iM, in l^owl.it.ili.'id, once thi' capit il of a eonlidcrablf kingdom, .iml flill ccl> • br.iti'd f(,r the nuinbfrand in.i|;iiitiiinct' (ifiti pagodas. It h Ho in nw llydr.i* bill. l.on. 7H 1 K, lat. 17 4M N. BtJ/orJ, \ hoioiiKh and the county- town uf Ut'dfoidlhirt', will) .1 market on Till lilay and .Satiird ly. It h governed by ,1 m.iyor, aiul feitvd on the t)ure. which divides it intu two p.irts, united by .1 bridge with a gate at e.icl) end it has live churcheH ; and formerly hul a ftrong c-iflle, whofe lite it now a bowl- ing green. The number uf inhabilams was ^()4H in iHoi.and 4605 in iHii. It it 87 m K by N Hiickingham, and 50 N by w London. Lon. o 3.^ w, lat- }^fJ/ortf, a town of Pcnnfylvaniai ci- pital ot" a county uf the fame name. It ii feated near one of the fourcet of the Juniatta, i8i m w IMiiladelphia- Lua- :^34 w, lat. 40 o V. Udlfurdt a town of the ftate of New York, in VV Chefter county, 35 m n by \i New York. — Another, near the w I end of Long idand, 6 m ese New York. Bedford, a town of Maflachufcts, in |Middlcfcx county, 13 m Nw Bofton- Bedford, New, a town of MaflTachu- IfctJ, ill Briftol county, at the head of navigation on the Acculhnct, 58 m s Iby t Dofton. Lon. 70 52 w, lat- 41 I41N. Bedford Level, a tiadl of fenny land, libout 300,000 acres, in the countici of BKK Ni>rfolk, HiifToWf, CambrlJct. Hunt* inttdon, Norln.«inptoM, .ind I Inculn. Aftt r virion* unfucceftfnl ait«mpi 1 tu driin ihefc frni, U illi4ni r.ul of Bed- ford, in i449,uiidrrtook anti dimptrtctl iti ind 4 coip.imt'on wan rllabtiOxtl for (he Kovfrnmcnt of thii yn it h-vel. In thik feni Arc levrial dicoya, in whieh inniimmble (|iMntitira ol wilJ fowl are t.iken diiimg ihefeafon. Urdftid hirt, 4 county of Lngland* bouiuiei! oMilic Si hy iiuntin^donfliirc, ► hy Ciinbrid>{i (lure. s». by jlcrtlurd- lliin-, %w |)v llii. •vviit. The nuinhrr of in- liahit.intH wu 6r]q) in iCji, and 70, ; I ,{ III I S 1 1 . It fetids four membrrt to p.iili imont. I'ht pniielp il livrrtare the Onfe and the Ivel. In chief nro- dU'^N are corn, hiitlcr, and fullert ririh ; it» tnanurailhiitJ, lace, ftraw hntfl .ind lialk'-tH, and t yv. lifdnore \ fte Siigara Hi-dniapii,ti\\.-noi w.indcnng Arabi, who live in lentx, and are difpcrfcd all over .Arabi.i, Kgyps .iiul th»' n of Africa, governed by their «j\vii chiifs, in the iaiiie inaniar as the patri irchii lived and governed .ineiently : the principal cm- ploymeni of both, the grazing ol cattle- liidiiin, (irtut, .1 borougli in VVilt« Oiirc, which h u neither market nor fair, it is 5 m sw Hungerfi)rd, .ind 70 w London. lifimah, a river of Hindooftan, which rilei ill the niountaint to he N of Poo* n.ih, and flovvH sk upward of ^^o* m till it joins the KiHim, near Kdghir. liter, or lieerjick \ fee Bir, lieeriii}^ ljland,An iil.ind in the Pacific ocean, about ^o m long and 30 wide, 30 leagues E ot Kamtfchatka. Luii. 166 30 K, lat. 5< 30 N. Beerinjf Bay, a bay on the w coaft of N America, 270 leagues n N E of Noutka. See Port Mulifravt. Beering Strait, the narrow fi-a be- tween the w coaft ot N America and the E couft of Afia. It is 13 leagues wide, in the narroweft part, between the capes Prince of Walet and Tchukot- fkoi. Beeroo, a country of Negroland, be- tween Zahara on the n and Bambara on the s. Walet is the capital. Bees, St. a villa^'e in Cumberland, near the fea, 5 m s Whitehaven Here is a noted freefchool i alio the remaini of a priory, the nave of Lis church being i^i™;,;.. ll .V.U'^i t^ •11 BEI now ufed as the parifli church. Two m to the Nw is a loftj promontory, called St. Bce« Hfad, on which is a light- houfe- Bfejioi a town of Brandenburg, in the Ucker mark, with a cloth manu- fadlure ; fealcd on the Sprtr, 40 m sf. Berlin. Befort, a fortified town of France, in the department of Upper Rhine, with manufadurea of excellent iron. It ftands at the foot of a mountain, 34 m sw Colmar. Begia, or Bcyjnh, a town of the country of Tunis, with a ftronp caftli', and a great trade, cfpecially in corn. It is fituate on the fide of a Lill, 50 m w Tunis. Beguieres ; fee Aboukir- J5f//<<3rt«,atovvnof Perfia, in Farfiftan. The wails arc 3 m in circumference, and it is the relidence of a beglerbeg, whofe palace occupies tlio ne corner of the town. Three m to the w are the f uins of the ancient city of Ragian, on the banks of the Jerahi. Behaban is (ituate in an exten'iveand well-cultivated plain, 153 m WNW Shiras. Lon. 50 24 e, lat. 30 16 N. Behat; fee Chehtm- Beherah, a town of Hindooftan, in Lahore, feated on the Chelum, 7 5 m w by N Lahore. Be/tier, a town of Hindooftan, capital of a country of the fame name, on the E fide of the Indus. It ftands in an ifland, formed by the Indus, 160 m s by w Moultan. Lon. 70 z e, lat. 27 Behnbury a town of Hindooftan, in Lahore, 85 m n by w Lahore. Beja, a city of Portugal, in Alentcjo, and a bifhop s fee ; feated on an emi- nence in an extenfive plain, near a lake of its name, 7a m se Lilbon. Lon. 7 40W, lat. 37 58N.^ Bejapour; fee Vijlapour. BcichUngen, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, 17 m n Weimar. Beiljiein, a town of France, in the department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately of Germany, in the eledorate of Treves ; ftatcd on the Mofelle, 2a m sw Co- blentz. Beiljhin, a town of Germany, in Wcfterwald, feated on the Umbach, iz m wNw Wetzlar. Beinghein^ a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, feated on the Sur, near its conflux with the Rhine, aa m nne Strafburg. fif/>r Reiclienbncii "n tlie Danube, flux ol the Save, 240 w Buchoreft 46 N. ^'fiqrade, or Bi ropcan Turkey, Jrait ofConftant (rantmoplf. ^elgrado, a tow le..ted near the 'I w Udina. "fWeftp|,alia,oM f^^'E Aren/bcrg. . ^^^it^a, or Bin f ers, ,n the provi foot of a ridge of •Algiers. ,,^''^'('«»atownof WiddJe mark, vvHI e.'oth; feated on ; name, 27 m sw Beil Bellac, a town of partment of Uppe; the Vinson, 30 m ^ Belkaire, a town ^''l of Harford cou ""in river, 22 m n w>w Philadelphia. Bel/rgardfy a fort, department of Eafte fmportant place, on apafstothePyrene« the .Spaniards in n "ext year. It is xy ^eilegarde, a tow department of Saon river Saone, ,5 m n ^elL'ijle, an ifland [rom thecoaft ofB 'ongand3broad,div, mountains, falt-work J ne principal place own with a citadel \ >-ngIi/h in 176 '703. Lon. 3 5 w, J; ^f//«>, an ifland fbannel between L ^^ndland, called the '^hich leads into the rence. The ifland »"a has a harbour fo 1 on ihff 9 all tt)t I the ca- In Ayr- inen and ;ncc, 7 m rabia, in eat naart in the de- Chateau- B E I. with a good tradf in beer ; fcated on the tihe, 8 m KE Tor^MU. Bt/jjt'um ; fee Netherlands- Bflf^raJe, a city of Kuioptan Turkey, capital of Scrvia, and a Givik biflmp's frr. The iniiabitants arc tlti'natixl at 2/;,o:o. It wab taken by priiice Eii^^tnc in 171;, and kept till 1739, \vlu.'ii it was ccdid to the Turks. It w;is again taken, in 1789, and re(torcd ' ' lu' praci' of Reichcnb.icii in {790. is featcd on the Danube, a httli.' bi low the in- flux oi the Save, aoo m ssr; Huda, and 240 w Buchorefl. Lon. 2151, lat. 44 46 N. Belgrade, or Beli^rady a town of Eu- ropean Turkey, in Romania, on th'* ftrait of Conftantinople, 10 m N Con- ftantinople. Bclgrado, a town of Italy, in Fiiuii, fe.itcd near the Tojamenta, 81 m s by w Udina. Bc/ic/i, or Re/iie, a town of the duchy of Wefl:pliah'a,oii tlie rivet Mone, 16 m ENE Arenfbcrg. Bel'tda, or Bleeda, a town of Al- giers, in the province ofTiteri, at the foot of a ridge of mountains, 15 m se Algiers. Be/itz, a town of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark, uith a mnnufadture of cloth ; feated on a river of the fame name, 27 m sw Berlin. Bellac, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper Vieniie, featcd on the Vin9on, ao m n Limoges. BeUea'ire, a town of Maryland, crspi- Ml of Harford county. It is feated on Biiih river, 12 m nk Ualtimore, and 86 wjw Philadelphia. Bellrgarde, a fortrefs of France, in the department of Eaftern Pyrertcs, and an important place, on account of its being a pafs to the Pyrenees. It was taken by the Spaniards in 1793, but retaken the next year. It is 15 m s^ Perpignan. Bellegarde, a town of France, in the department of Saone and Loire, on the river Saone, 15 m ne Chalons. Bellnjlcy an ifland of France, 15 m from the coaft of Brctagne. It is 10 m long and 3 broad, diverftfied with craggy mountains, falt-works,aiid fertile plains. The principal place is Palais, a fortifitfd town, with a citadel. It was taken hj the Kuglifh in 176 1, am!, reftored in 1763. Lon. 3 5 w, lat. 47 17 N. Belleijle, an ifland at the ne end of a channel between Labrador and Ncvv- %ndland, called the Strait of Bellcifle, which leads into the gulf of St. Law- rence. The ifland is 50 m in circuit, and has a harbour for fmall craft on the BEL 'iiw fiJe. Lon. 55 15 w, lat. 51 J8N. Bellefme^ a town of France, in the department of Ornc, with an ancient r;ift!c, 24 m lisK Alcn^on, and 80 5>w l*aris. Brll'i/y a town of France, in the de- partnu'iit of Ain, and lately a bifliop's fee ; featcd near the Rhone, 40 m sE Hourg. Lon. 5 44 i:, la;. 45 47 n. BelUnghani, a town in Northumber- land, with a market on Tuefday, featcd on the N branch of the Tyne, 15 m nnw Hexham and 300 London. Bel/inzoria, a town of SwiflVrland, capital of the c;inton of Tcflin. It is feated on the Tefino, 5 m above its entrance into the lake Magiore, and aa wsw Chiavenna. Lon. 8 55 e, lat. 46 8 N. Bellunrfe, a diftri(ft of Italy, lying between Friuli, Cadorino, Feltrino, and Tyrol, it has large woods, and iron mines; and is fertile in corn, wine, and fruit. Belluno is the only place of note. Belluno, a town of Italy, capital of Bellunefe, and a bifliop's fee. It has 14 churches, and various good build- ings; alfo a profitable trade in wood and timber. It is feated among the Alps, on the river Piave, 15 m ne Feltri. Lon. 12 9 k, lat. 43 13 v. Brl/uza, a town of Hindooftan, in Myfore, with a citadel, both of them ftrongly fortified with a mud wall and a ditch. In the vicinity is much fine rice ground, and a great number of fheepare brec. It is 38 m n Scringa- patam. Belfier, a town in Derbyfliire, with a market on Saturday, it was lately a village of littlenote, but nowa confider- able manufa(5turing place, and in ifirt'enif, a town of France, in the department of Creufe, 10 m nnvv Bor- ganeuf. Benevento, a city of Naples, and an aiihbiihop's fee, capitiil of Principato Ultra, and of a fmall duchy of ita name, latt'ly liflonj^ing to tht pope. The ca- tntih-.d is a larjje edifice in the Gothic or ratht r Saracenic manner, but of an- cirnt materials, lienevcnto has fulTered grcaily hy earthquakes, particularly in j68;i, when the archbifhop was tlugout of the ruiMs alive. Except Rome, no city in Italy can hoafl of io many ruins of ancient fculpture as are to be found in thi . place. It is featcd near the con- flux of the Sabato and Caloro, t,^ m nk Naples. Lou. 14 47 e, lit. 41 8 n. Benffld, a town of France, in the (lopartment of Lower Rhine, on the river 111, rz m ssw Strafburg. BeHiral, a country of Hindooflan, 400 m Loni; and 300 broad ; bounded on the w by OrifTa and Bahar, n by Bootan, e by A (Tain and Calfay, and s by the bay oi lSpDj.',al. It confitts of one vaft plain, of the moft fertile foil, which, in com- mon with other parts of Hindooltait, anniMlly renders two, and, in fome parts, even three crops. The principal products are fugar, filk, fruit, pepper, opium, rice, faltpetre, lac, and civet. It is compared to Kgypt for fertility; the Ganges dividing here into feveral llreams, and, like the Nile, annually overdovving the country, liengal has been fubjed, ever fince 1765, to the Hnglilh li India Company. Calcutta is the capital. Bcngafit a fcapoit of Barbary, in Baria, defended by a wall and caftle to- ward the fea, and furrounded by a lux- uriant country. It (lands on the w fide of an excellent harbour, 145 m wsw Derna. Lon. 19 ao e, lat. ^z 18 n. BengueJa, a kingdom of Africa, in Congo, bounded on the n by Angola, E by Bemba, s by parts unknown, and w by the Atlantic. The climate is very pcrnicioi3s to Europeans. The men wear Ikins about their waift, and beads round their neck; and are armed with darts headed with iron, and with bows and arrows. The women wear a collar of copper round their neck ; a kind of cloth, tnade of the bark of a tree, round their waift ; and copper rings on their legs. Benguela, the capital of the kingdom ofBenguela, where the Portuguefe have li E N a fort. It ftands on the n fule of a bay, 350 m s Loanda. Lon. 1 2 30'K, lat. 1 o JO s. Btnkarlo, a town of Spain, in Va- ler,cij, celeltraled for its wiin-s ; featt'd oil the f-.acoaft, between Pcnifcola and \'in.no7,. Benin, a kingdom of Guinea, bound- ed on the NK l)y uiiknowii parts, sic by Biafara and Majombo, and s and w by the gulf of Guinea .-^lul l),iho:\iy- The country exhibits niaiiy btaulital lanl- fcapes ; but the air is lUixious, ueai tlie coaft, on account of tlic ^'ol's vapourb frr a the marOies. Or.mgc;; and kmoiia grow on the lidfS of the ro.u'x; cotton abounds every where ; atnJ ihe pepper produced here is fmaller than that of the Indies. Amongtlit animals ari' elephants In great number, tigers, leopards. Hags, wild boars, civet and mountain cats, horl'es, hares, and hairy flv^cp ; a valt number of ferpents and other reptiles ; and the principal birds are paroquets, pige(m>, partridges, florks, and oftriches. The drefs of the natives is ni-at. The rich wear white calico or cotton petti- coats, but the upper part of the body is commonly naked. The women ufe great art in drefling their hair, which they reduce into a variety of forms. The people are (kilful in making various forts of dies; tind they manufacture and export cotton cloths. Polygamy is al- lowed, and the number of wives is li- mited by the ftate of their circumftar.:eg only. Though jealous of each other, they offer their wives to Europeans. The religion is paganifm. The king is abfolute, and has a great number of petty princes under him. Benin, the capital of the kingdom of the fame name. In the llreets, which are long and broad, are many fhops filled with European merchandife, as well as with the commodities of the country. The houfes arc all built of clay, and covered with reeds, ftraw, or leaves. The royal palace is of vaft ex- tent, but neither elegant nor commo- dious. All male Haves here are foreign- ers ; for the inhabitants cannot be fold for flaves, only they bear the name of the king's flaves. Benin is fituate on the river Benin or Formofa, 80 m from its mouth. Lon. 6 24 k, lat. 6 50 N. Benifuefi a town of Egypt, with ma- nufadlures of carpets and woollen and linen ftuffs; leated on the Nile, 60 m s Cairo. Benlawen, a mountain of Scotland, in Perthlhire, on the e fide of Loch Tay, It lifes in a conical ihape to the f'^' ''^:H¥^ iBiroiJ IH^ll ll I.' ! Ill-' ; ) ' t ] & i •Itiii *k'-!M \. nil Si9 I'' m 4i Iff m 1 l^Hi il fii.: B E R height of 40 « 5 feet, above the level of ihc fea. Benlomond, a mountain of Scotland, in DiimbArtonfhire, on the k lidc of Loch Lomond, rifing to tlie height of 3i62 feet above the U'vel of the fea. Its lidcH, particularly toward the I;ik»-, are finely covered witli trees, and it pro- duces a number of rare pl.tnts. Uctincvisy a mountain of Scotland, in Invernelsihire, 6 m ^3^; Fort William. It is the highvll in Great Britain, rifmg 4,970 feet above the level of tl»e lea. On the N h fide it pre ll-ntH a precipice, nearly perpeiuliciiLir, of about 1500 feet in hti^'ht. 'I'DW.ird llie w, aboi.c a quarter of a mile up t!ie river Nevis, it is eafily afcended. it ullbrtl'^ good pal- turape for llicep, a grc;it way up its fides ; but the f'ummit is continually covcied with inow. Uennhi tort, a village in riertfordOiire, 4 m K SieveMHU'C. liere tlie Mercian kings hiui a palace; and tht c.iftle, in •which a c njncil was held in H50, llili remains ne.ir the church. lHi!iii/n;ton, a town of Vermont, ca- pita! of a county of its name. Thou^jls the largt It and oldelt town in the itale, the judicial courts are commonly held at Kulhmd and VVindibr alternately Here colonel Stark gained two battles, on Augiifi 16, 1777) wl.ich coiitril.uted to the i'uLfeq'.iont luriciuler of general Burgoyne's army. Boaningtonis lUuate at the foot of the Green Mountains, near the tw corner of the Hate, 30 m ENK Albany. Lon. 7.5 4 v,-, la'c 42 52 n. Benjlergt a town of VVellphalia,in the duchy of Berg, 7 m t: Miilheim. Benjbe'tni, a town of (Jcr.many, in the circle of Upper Rliine, 25 ni nnw Heidelberg. Bentlieimi a town of Weflphalia, ca- pital of a county of the iame name, with a fortified callle. It was taken by the French In 1795. It is leated on the Vecht, 32 m i.w Mun'ler. Lon. 7 8 E,lat 52 3^ V. BentiiKgHo, a town of Italy, in Bo- lognele, 10 m ne Bologna. Berar, a province of the Deccan of Hindooltan, boilirded on the .\ by Mal- \va iind Allahabad, e by Oriffii, s by Golconda, and w by Dowlatabad and Candeilh. I'he principal part of it is iiibjeft to a rajah; the other to the nizam of the Deccan. The rajah's country extends 550 m from E to w, and, in Ibme places, 200 from n to s. Its capital is Nagpour. Lefs is known of the interior parts of Berar than molt of the other countries in Hindooftan. That about Nagpour ii fertile and well cultivated ; but the general appearance of the CiUMitry, particid.iriy between Nagpour ami Orifla, is that of a forell, thinly li'i with villages and towns. Berat, a town of Kuropean Turkey, in All/aniii, on the right bank of the Krevafta, ,p n\ s\ Vallona. Beraiot, n town of Hohemia, capital of a circle of the (iune name. It h.ia manufartures of lire-arins and earthen ware, and is I'eated on the Miiii, 16 m wsw Prague. Lon. 14 17 k, lat. 41^ 57 ^' Berbice, a Dutch fettlemcnt, on a ri. ver of the latne name, in Giiayana, to the w' of ruirinain. The laud is low and woody, and produces coffee, liigar, and cotton. It was taken by the Englilhin 1796, and in i'6:>i,. The river enters the Atlantic in lon. ",2 1:5 w.lat. 6 25 n. Berbtti^^,A town of tlie Netherlands, in Luxemburg, 12 m ne Luxembmg. Berchioljj^cdrn, a town of the duchy of Salzburg, and the capital of a county of its name. It lerves all the neighbour' hood with liilt ; and is lealcd on the Achen, 14 m s Sal/burg. Berdaa, a town of Perfia, in Erivan, I'eatcd in a fertile plain, j6 m i-sb Gangca. Uerdoa ; fee Bur^n- here Aljh>i, a borough in Devon- fliire, but a poor place, leated between the Tainar and the Tavc, 10 m n by \v Plymouth, and 212 w by s London. Bere Regh^ a town in Dorletlhire, with a market on Wednelday. On Woodbury-hill, a little to the* ne, is a circular Roman camp, encloled within three trenches. The town is feated on the P»ere, near its conflux with the Piddle, 12 m E by N Dorchelter, and iia sw London. Bereilly, a city of HindooltrMi, capi- tal of Rohilla, which was conquered by the nabob of Oude in 1774. It is 120 m NNw Lucknow. Lon. 79 40 E,lat. a8.30 N. Berelos, a lake of Egypt, between Damiettaand Rofetta, of an oval form, 3am long and 10 broad. Bereziiio, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Minflc, lituatc on the Be- rezina, 56 m E by s Alinfk- Berj^, a duchy of Weltphalia, lying along the Rhine, to the s of the dnchy of Clevc, about 60 m in length and from 10 to 22 in breadth. It is full of wood* and mountains, 'lut fertile on the banks of the Rhine and in the vallies ; and has mines of lead, iron, and coal. Duffel- dorp is the capital. 1 Bfrjfa,itown f.;.xted on the Lo foua. Brri^amn/'co, a hounded by Mr •Milanefc. To^va tainous and rocl iion; fome of the »'ine and oil ; ai Bergamo it is ver j Berfrnmo, a cit Bergamafco, with nious for its fewi on St. Bartholom to by merchants fi lUnds on a hill, Brcinboand Serio, 947 K, lat. 45 46 1 Berfrnm, a towr with a royal patri( iVf Tolofa. BtTif/ij, a town in Romania, and a k*it on the river La nople. Lon. 27 4c ^Vr^'f/?, acityand capital of a gover name, and a bifljof It forms a femicircl of the fea, and Is town in Norway, c habitants. On th defended by mour other by feveral fori churches and many (lone, but mofl: of ftniJtedofwood. ' dral are remarkabl'^ on a great trade in and dried Rlh, and| Cbriftiania. Lon. Bergen, a town . for two battles, in Englifh and Rufliar, the Dutch and Fren] fd in favour of the among woods, 4 m Bergen, atowncf of a county of the 1 inhabitants are moft| the Dutch fettlers. water, except on thi by the river Hud foil New York, 3 m dift( Bergen op Zoom, iirabant, capital of '■line name. It is , and one of the ftronJ lands, feated partly \ <'n the river Zoom! cates with the Schel has feveral times hi purpofe ; but was tJ 'fi *747, and in 17I BRR Bfrjfa, a town of Spain, la Catalonia, {fAtf.ii on the Lobrogat, i8 m kne Sol- foiia. Bifrijamrtfco, a province of Italy, hoiinclfcl b^ Brefoi;i, Valtclinc, and .\liiancre. I'owaril the n it h moun- tainous and rocky, and has mines of iron ; fome of the vallies produce much wine and oil ; and in the vicinity of Bergamo it is very fertile. Bertrawo, a city of Italy, capit.il of Bergamafco, with a citadel. It is fa- mous for its ft'wing fdk ; and its fair on St. Hartholomcvv's day, is rcforted to by merchants from di/lant parts. It lUnds on a hill, between the rivers Brcmbo and Serio, 30 m ne Milan. Lun. 9 47 K, lat. 45 46 N. Berf;nm, a town of Spain, in Biicay, with a royal patriotic feminary, 14 m svv Tolof.!. BiTiras, a town of European Turkey, in Romania, and a Greek archbifhop's fee, on the river Larillii, 40 m se Adria- iiople. Lon. 27 40 k, lat. 41 14 ^f. htr^erit a city and feaport of Norway, capital of a government of the fame natnc, and a bifliop's fee, with a caftle. It forms a femicircle round a fmall gulf of the fen, and is the moft. populous town in Norway, containing 19,000 in- iiabitants. On the land fide it is defended by mountains, and on the other by feveral fortifications. All the churches and many of the houfes are of ftoiie, but moft of the latter are con- ftriiifled of wood. The caftle and cathe- dral are remarkable edifices. It carries on a great trade in flcins, fir-wood, tar, jnd dried fifh, and is 198 m w by n Cbriftiania. Lon. 5 14 e, lat. 60 23 n. Bergen, a town of N Flolland, noted for two battles, in 1799, Ijetween the Englifh and Ruffian forces oppofed by the Dutch and French, which terminat- ed in favour of the former, It is fituate among woods, 4 m nne Alcmaer. Bergen, a town cf New Jerfey, capital of a county of the fame name. The inhabitants are moftlydefcendants from the Dutch fettlers. It is furrounded by water, except on the n, and feparated by the river Hudfon from the city of New York, 3 m diftant. Bergen o/> Zoom, a town of Dutch Brabant, capital of a mjrquifate of the fame name. It is a hanatbme place, and one of the ftrongeft in the Nether- lands, feated partly on a hill, and partly on the river Zoom, which communi- cates with the Scheldt by a canal. It has feveral times been belieged to no purpofe ; but was taken by the French '" »747> and in 1794. It is i£ m ^f BER Antwerp, and 2a sw Breda. Lon. 4 23 F, lat. 51 30 N. Bergerac, a town of France, in the department of Dordogne, feated on the Djidogno, 24 m s by w I'crigneux. Bergoo, a country of Nogroland, to the s of Bornou, on the borders of Nu- bia and Darfoar. Wara is the capital. Bergurs, a fortified town of France, in the department of Nord, on the river Colme, at the foot of a mountain, 5 m s Dunkirk. Btrgzoieni, a town of France, in the department of Mont Tonnere, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Deux Fonts ; feated on the Krlbach, 6 m ssw Landau, and 34 SE Deux Fonts. Berifa, a town of Negroland, in Caf- fina, feated on the Niger, 120 m w CafTma. Btrkhamjled, a town in Ilertfordfhirc, with a market on Saturday. Roman coins have been often dug up here ; and on the v fide are the remains of a caftle, the refidence of the kings of Mercia. In 697, a parliament was held here and Ina's laws publilhed. Here William i, fwore to his nobility to main- tain the laws made by his predeccflbrs. Henry 11 kept his court in this town, and granted to it many privileges ; and James i, whofe children were nurfed here, made it a corporation ; but thii government was dropped in the civil wars. The church is a handfome Gothic ftru(5ture. It is feated on the w branch of the river Gade, and on the Grand Junction canal, a6 m nw London. Berkley, a town in Gloucefterfhire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Wednefday. It has a trade in timber, coal, malt, and cheefe, which is benefit- ed by means of a canal from Gloucefter. Here is an ancient caftle on a rifing ground, in which Edward n was mur- dered. It is feated on the Little Avon, near its conflux with the Severn, 15 m sw Gloucefter, and 114 w London. Berkley, a town of S Carolina, in a county of the fame name, fituate near Cooper river, 15 m nne Charlefton. Berkjhire, a county Df England, bounded on the e by Surry, s by Hamp- fliire,wby Wiltfhire, and n by Oxford- fliire and Buckinghamlhire. It is 5« m long and from 6 to 25 broad, con- taining 476,160 acres; is divided into 20 hundreds and i56parilhes; has la market-towns ; and fends 9 members to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 109,215 in 1801, and 118,277 in 18 1 1. The principal rivers are the Thames, Kennet, Lamborn, and Lod- dua. The b part has much uocultivat- ^;ti '■m '1 !P-'!™ »w: ,"% V* ^<^ i l^Bu M ill l"wJ M ill' r?':''fl |h lis^Ki py p ww;' >' Iv Si ■ V) pi iiifi i| ti ijv 'it ' t mi TIKR «d land, ai Windfor fored and itfl .ip- Jiend3f,'e5 ; the w and middlr parti pro- duce ^rn'm in great abundance. Rjvdi.ig is the cnpit.il. berlamont, a town of France, in thp department of Nord, <• m isfc Qiief- nojr. B'rifburg, a town of (>crmany, in Wifierwald, with a cattle, feated on the llcrlcliach,near itic:)nflux with the Eder, 20 ni Nw Marburg. Ii:'r/in, a oily of G«*rmany, capital of the niatqiiifatP of Biandenbiirg. It is dcfrnded partly by walls, p.irtiy by pa- lifades, and bus 15 gates. The ftrttts are ftrn'ght, wide, and long ; and its large fquares, magnificent palaces, churches, and olher buildings, arc fcarcely to be cqualU^d- It is 12 m in circumiVrencc ; but within this cn- clofiire are numerous gardens ; and many beautiful houfes are let in (lories to mechanics. In 1785, the number of inhabita;it8 was :46,647. The royal palace contains a fine library, a rich cabinent of curiofiiies and medals, and the fnpreme colleges of government. Near the palace (lands the magnificent cathedral. Here are alio feveral acade- mies and hofpitals, an oble.'.'itory, a fuperb arfenal, and a royal cloih ma- nufadure. Berlin has a flourifliing trade, occafioned by its* numerous ma- nufacSlures of filk, wool, cotton, camt Is hair, linen, Pruflian blue, cutlery, and porcelain ; and by its enamelled, inlaid, and embroidered works. It is feated on the Spree, from which there is a canal to the Oder on the E,and another to the Elbe on the w ; that it has a communication by water, both with the Baltic fea and the German ocean. This city was taken in 1760, by an army of Ruflians, Auftrians, and Savons, who were obliged to evacuate if in a few days. In 1806, foon after the battle of Jena, the French entered this city, and l:'onapnrte held a court in the pa- lace. It is 100 m N Dreldcn, and J85 NW Brefiau. Lon. 13 zz e, lat. 5a Berlin, a t<->wn of Pennfylvania, in York county, on the sw fide of Cone- wago creek, 13 m \»' by n Yv.rk, and 41 K by s pf Shippen(burg. Ber>neo, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, on the hay of Bifcay, near the cape of Machicaco, ir^vn ^ Bilboa. B$rr Ja IJundred, or Qiy Point, a port of Virginia, in Chellerfield county, ntuat* on the point of a psnirifuia, formed by theconiluence of the Appa- mattox with James river. The exports from this place arc chiefly coHe<5led at B F R Richmond, lom above it. City Pnini, ♦ron' which it in namid, is on the s bank of Jau'i < river, 4 m isw of the town. Lon. 77 31 w, lat. 37 ao n. iif/;//f',/rt*, or Sumntfri Islands, four i(landK in the Atl,'ntieov,'ean, y,o m K of ( arolina, and fur'oundeil by numerous rocks and Ihoals, w!'":h render them dilficult of approach. Tiiey were dif- covered by Juan Birmude/, a Spaniard, in 1^:2; but not inh.d>i«<-tl till 1600, wlun fir Cn orgf Son-mcrs was call away upon tlicm ; and they h.ive be- longed to Britain ever fince. Thiy contain above 10,000 inhabitants, wi-.o c;irry on fome trade with Ameiica, and the W Indies. They a'oound in fwiuf, and with a fort ot tedai nuieh priztd for building frn.ill veflcls ; they alfo produce cofl'ee and cotton. Three of them are fmall ; and the principal one is called St. George. Hern, the largtft of the cantons of .*^wiirerland, being 1 (;o m long and 75 broad, it is the moft fertile country in SwiiTerland, and divided in'o two principal parts, called the German and Roman ; but the laft is mod commonly ealkd Pays de Vaud. The religion is C'alvinilm. Bfrn, a town of Swi(llrland, capital of the canton of Bern. Here is a cele- brated academy, and a rich library. It is a (Irong place, in a peninfula formed by the river Aar, and edimated to con- tain i3,oooinhabitantH. The houfes are built of frcedone, and pretty unii\)rin, particularly in the pirincipal flreet; and there are piazzas on each hde, with a walk raifed above the level of the dreet. The ftreets are traverfed by a canal, and the public buildings are magnificent. In the arfenal are preferved the fiirnre and armcur of the celebrated William Tell, in the atft of taking aim at the npple on his fon's head. Bern was taken in i7()X by the Irench. It is 70 m .N E Geneva. Lon. 7 29 e, lat. 46 52 N. Bernard, Grntid St- a mountain of the Pennine Alps, on the frontiers of Piedmont, 15 m nnw Aoda. On the fummit is a large convent, where tiie monks entertain all travellers gratis for three days. Bernard Cajlle, a town in the county of Durham, with a market on Wednef- day, and manufadures of dockings and cainbicts. It takes its name from a cadle built by Bernard Baliol, great grandfather to John Baliol, king of Scotland, who founded an hofpital here. It is feated on the Tees, 24 m sw Dur- ham, and 5146 NNW London. I ^errmrdjlcwn. Icy, in .Sointilet r< rnnu, a fort IiuiK. in the i\!i<| cip.il commr ce '■irgeqii.iiitilicsai on the l'.inch(), i Bertuiy, a town partnicn't of Jant tonne, ao in sw \ l'er.i')ur;f, ,1 ',„ ill tiic priiicipaliiy till' ^..al(•, 22 m fi\ I'friinijlle, a to\ (Ii'paitmentof San in tlioeltrifloiit,.,,! forgood wine, and iH in s\: Treves. the principality AltriKjh;, i; rn ni, Kitifbon. lU'nijhidt, a to« principality of Qel; id on the VVeida, j Bern; a town of pan men t of Mouth nitrly one of the PiovLDce. It (lam lanic name, at the m vv.-, • Aix. P'erry, a late p bounded on the n Itlaiioi.s, K by Niver iiois, .s by Hour!, or and w by Touraine fmi!e in com, fruit ami there is excelk pl.uci. It now ton of ^'litr and Indre. Berfello, a to\','n denele, withacaftle Jt tl'c influx of the P.irma. I'ertinero, a town ni'igiia, with a citad 10 m SSI-: Forli. Bertrand, St. a to tfic dipai tiiK.'nt of U was lately an epiltop sAiich. Lon. 048 , Btrvie, or Iui«« poiiii, iht' » ;)f ll»e I. t, four m K of ncroim tlirm re ilil- ani.trd, I l6oq, i& call ,ive bc- Thiy J, wiu» ica, and ■\ I'wiiii", priztd hi-y ulfo rhrrc of :ipal one ntons of ? ami 7j country u'o two rman and nmmonly cligion is |d, capital is a cek'- jrary. It formed to con- loufcs are unii'orin, lit; and f, with a lilt ftreet. Icanal, and gnificeiit. :hc fiinire William lim at tlie Bern was It is 7Q E, lat. 46 Lintain of [outiers ot On the Ivliere the gtatisfor [hp county Wcdnet- ftockings lame from lliol, great king of fpital here. sw Dur- n r. It Jiei'nnrdjlcwn, a town of New Jcr- ley, ill SdiihUi'I rouniy. 1: r/iiiH, ii forlilicd town nf nmndLn- l)Utj:, in thy Miildie mark. Tlie priu- cip.il commr ce is in l)c«r, of which l.irj^c cpLmtitii'S are hnwcd. It is fc.itfd on the I'ancho, 15 m N^^■ Ikriin. lifnuiy, a tmvti tjf I'r.nu'i-, in the de- partment of luirc, fcatcd on tho f'^ran- tonne, 20 m sw Kouen. lU'r.i'iuri^t '\ *nwn of Ufjpt'r Saxony, in tiie principaliiy of Anlialt, fe.itt'd on till' !-..ale, 2s m sw M.ii,'(U:burg. Dfrnnijlle^ .1 town v{ Francv.', in tho (lepaitnu'ntot S;irro, I iiely of G( rinany, ill tlK' of Auidiin, ami nllur Homaii anli<|iiilii.!t, arc Hill to b«; lirn. It IS 5 » in y Dijon, ami acH tfE pjrin. Loll. 6 } K.lat. 47 14 w- ^.' ig/ifi'fi, a town of Sii.ibia, In tlic duchy of iVirtcmbiir'g, with two olil callU'M. .itthircoiilluxof tfu- Ncckar and EnH, I <; n» N by w Stutjjard. lifilnrbiih "r iludzac, a territory of Uiillii. on the "^w coail of tlie Id.ick lea, lictwiciithc mouths of the Danube and the Diiicllcr. On the bank* of the la(t vW'-r thf Tartar inli.ibitants rove from place to pl.icf. Tiicir common food IS till" ficlli of oxen and horles, chccle, ami m.ires milk. 'I'his country bflonged to the 'I'nrks, who, by the treaty of pt'acc in i«i2, ccdtd it to the IluinaiK,. Bender is tlic capital. BeJJaif, a town of France, in the de- paitmc'ui of Alli«?N 8 m s Mi«ilin;i. Bejjf, a town of France, in the de- partment ofPuy de Dome, 18 m s Cltr- moiit. Beffittnijy a town of France, in the department of Rhone, i; m w Lyon. r.ejlrkia, a town of TranCylvaria, with nold mines in its neighbourhood. It is 85 m Nw llcrmanftadt. Lou. a.) 45 E, Ut. 47 30 N. Betanx.os, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, featcd on the Mandco, at its en- tr.me« into a bay of the Atlantic, 38 m NNK Compoltella. Lon. 8 6 w, lat. 43 ao N. Bethabara, a town of N Carolina, in the diltridtof Wachovia, noted for being the firlt fettlement of the Moravians, in thofe parts, begun in 175.V It is in N Salem. Bethany^ a town of NCarolina, in the diflriL^t of VVachov'i. It is a Moravian fettlement, and 9 m nw Sulcni. Bft/i/ehcm, a town of S^.ia, in Palef- tine, famous for the birth of Chrifl. It is fealed on the ridge of a hill, and now an iiicoiirideiablc pl.ice, l)Ut much vilit- cd by pilgrims. Hero is a monaftcry toverinj; the Cave of the Nativity ; alfo the Chapel of Joi'eph, and another of th(.' Holy Innocents. It is 6 m s Jcru- flikm. Bethl-liemy a town of Pennlylvania, xn Northimpton county, fituate on the Leigh, a branch of the Delaware. Here is a confidcrable manufadure of oil, from the iced of th.. funflower, which is ufcd for the lame purpofes as olive oil. The town being partly on an eminence, and partly on the bank oftheManakes (a fine creek) has a pleafant and healthy fituation, and js vifited in furamer by ill-: gentry from diflercnt p.'irts. It ii the princi;)d feltlei. cnt in .America of till! Nloravi.inn, who wfp* Hxcd hi-rc by count Zinzendorf, in 1741. Divine frrvic'-' iit p<'rfot:Tii(l and education f;!vcn, both in the German and Kng. i(h linjfuigcM. Bt'thlchcm is 5,1 m NNvv Phil.idelphia. Lon. i\ i) w, lat. 4'">.j7 '"*• Hethlthem, a town of New York, id Albany county, noted for excellent butt(;r. Bft/itirti', a fortified town of France, in the tlcp:irlnn'nt of l'a« tie Calain, with a caillc. It was tak'-n by the allies in irio, and nil )reil by the treaty of Utrecht. It is tcated on a rock, by the river Breite, 1 jo m n Paris. Lon. a 2^ K, lat. 50 41; M. liftltt/, a lov n in Stiflordlhirc, with « market on Tr.eCday, 18 m nnw Staf- ford and 157 Lomlon. lief a t, a city of Ali,;tic Turkey, and thi,' northern capital of Kurdiltan. It is the rclidcice of a bty, who is neither tubjcct to tlicTurka nor Peifians, and has a numerous army of horlemen and infaiuty. It Hands on theKhabur, in a highly cultivated valley, and has acaltle on the lop of a mountain th?t boiind.t the plain on the w. It is no m k by w Diarbeker. Lon. 4a 30 F., lat. y, 40 N. Beltip'i, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar, 85 m nkw Patna. Betitwe, an iiland of Holland, in Gel- derland, 40 m lonj and 10 broad, formed by the bifurcation of the Rhine above Nimcguen, and by the union of its Itream"., under different appellations, near Worcnrn. It was the ancient Ba- tavia, a. id formerly gave the name of Batavceren, or Batavi.ins, to the inha- bitants of the Dutch Netherlands. In this 'Hand tii;? anceltors of the prefent race firll: fettled, whoi they emigrated from Germany. The principal place it Nimeguen. Bevecum, a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, 10 m s Louvain. Bcveland Nort/it and i« I'aderborn. Revenuyck, a tow I'li; Wyckcrmecr, wl >viih the Wye, 7 1 I' sby w Alcmaer. Beut/ien, a town o 1 lord/hip of the lam near a branch of the t'trs of Poland, 45 bn. i« 5, B, |;„. ^^ Beuthen, a town of 1 cipilityofCarolath, « rjmNwGIogau. 1 Hnudley, a boron 11" '.• with a market ^t^ 1 good trade in •iiiJ 110:1 ware ; and f'l I'y Jame.s i. Jt I ^wi-n, /4 m N \y^ LiMdoil. ^'•^■t a town of S C'Kon of Hern, noted 4jnisvvBern. Sfxis, a town of S anj the chief place o '"o'to the order of C 01) an eminence, furr< [•^"is, aim .v\v .Segor f^tziers, a city of F partmentoflleiault, I ^i'-- The remains of fcriptions, befpeak ibr. itisfeatedneai •na hill, at the foot of |Uibrc, 40 m sw Mo ';,/'l'»t.43 -N. '>nnri/>uur, a town |.H;n(looil,n, in the p , "5 B"ti,Ti took it bvfl J''S38mw Agra. ^ J. r"".?"".?. a city of In zc to ihe capital, b I "ding, are of more jnccandtheltreetsm BisamECatmandu. \ i^haivamkudal, a t( pcapitalofthcvpa It it lo.t of I h.rc Divine c.itiun 5.1 '" w, Idt. ,)rk, ill ccllciit 'nncf, in, with Uliei in eaty of )ck. by Lon. , with a w Staf- :cy, and in. It is i neither "lans, and men and ibur, in a ts a calUe 't bounds m K by w ?>) 40 N. otiiiOi in , in Gel- broadt the Rhine union of (C'llations, icicnt 13a- name of the inha- ands. In He prefciit emigrated )al place i» itherlands, mth, two land, be- hes of the tphalia, in r, on the Yorkflnre, market on It has two W ; and a M with a [trade is in leather. It [irement of , of York, IJ II A who lived here four yari, built \ mo- rnllery, and died in 721. Iti honour of whO'Tj (evi.Mai kinffs, pnrtioul.irly AthcU ihm, who clioli* hirn ^ti.udi in liii.t, en- ■lowed ihi' placT with miny privileged* '{'III' n umber of inhabitanta was 5401 In H-', and67ji In 1811. It it ^Mted II' ir the rivor Hull, 18 jn v. by s York, ind 18 { N London. Lon. o 13 w, lat. Kevcrlty, .1 town of Mair.ichiifets, in Eilcx county, (Vp.iratcd from S.iirm by ,1 li.uidl'omc briil>;c. A cotton minuf-ic- turc has b«-cn el^abliihcd here It is at r.i N K fiodon. Bi-vfruni^fii, a town of Wi'ftphnlla, 111 the princip.ility of Padcrborn, at the conflux of the Ucvcr and Wcfer, 24 in »t I'adorbctrn. Bt'vfruur, a town and fortrefs of iHriclooilin, in the* province of Agra. I'llie Britiih took it by ftorm in 1805. I't is 38 m w Agra. I Bliatj^nntr, a city of Napaul, inferior linfizeto the capital, but its palace and iDiiildings are of more ftvikmg appear- jjnci?, and the llreets much cleaner. It JisSmE Catmandu. hkaiuanikudal, a town of Hindoo- |*w, capital of the v part gf Coimbetore. HID ll hat a tutnoiM fnit, ,tiul two celebrated tcmplcH. Many new lioufin are crc&ted* and the place is rapiilly incrcaluiK on x rcnul.ir pl;ni. It is fc.tttd in ,> Hni- coun- try, at ilu- coiidux of tin lllnw.ini wit It the I'avrry, j6 m tuv. (.'oimbtt'»iei anj 100 »t Scriijgipatam. L»"«- 77 47 ^t lilt. II )6 N. Bi/i/iirti, a counir;- of Oninci, to thn IE of Benin, of which little is known ; but is faid to 'lave a cipital of the lame nam*', on die river ('.una. ones, whicli enter-< the Atlantic in lon. 1 1 30 b, lat. Rifir, a town of Spain, in Valencia. Its principal riches conlift in honey, co lebrated for it.i whitciiel's and folidity. It is 6 m K Villena. liibfnic/it a town of Suahia, with a manufatfturc of fiiftians, fi-atcd in a fer- tile valley on the Reufs, 2j m ssw Ulni. Riherjberf^t a town of Upper Hun- gary, 15 m N Prcniiiip. Bibrat a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, frequented on account of its mineral fpring. It i.s 9 m j Qnerfiirt. Bicfjler, a town in Oxfordlhirc, with a market on Friday, 1 1 m nne Oxford, and 54 m w by N London. Bic/ion. 70 I.', w, lilt. ,n ij w hiililrnnrf\ fti- Sajfarf. liiJ iiftir, a lowii iif .lirulooft.in, in AU«|u».;ul, Willi .1 foi» 01. a (lap .»ml Irfry 1 ck. v> "» • Dfn,irni /I'/V*';., .» town i>f Po'.tinl, III Crico- wUi f.im/, or /.////«.*>. .. .o»n of Fruiicc, in the il<.piitni^rnndel, famous for one of the filled tefTclated privemf.'nts extant in England, difcovcied in j8i i. Bi^orrf, a late province cf France, hounded on the N by Armagnac, e by C-ommingts, w by Beam, and s by the Pyrenees. See Pyrmces, Upper. Bi^uhcif a kingdom on the w coaft of -Africa, watncd by the Rio Grande n 1 1. The c«pttiit ii of the fim«> n.nme, feiifit on ilic river« lou m from ii« mouth I. on. I J 50 w, II i» V. /-////I/ •, a town of llung.iry, in Cio. atta, fi'.itid on an ifle I'oimcd by the river Una, 65 ni ir Carllbdt. Lon. 16 y. K. lat. .(4 51 .V. l>ilt4>orn, 4 town of I'nropc.iM 'I'ltr. key, in M.icedonia, fe.iteil on the Var* (Ur. ;o m h'^i Seopia. Hilhda, H fejport of Spiin, i'.ipital of H'le.iy. The ii|)p r put in built niollly of woi.d, and h.M natrow lltet tx, which terminate in a );re.tt fcimirc ( the lowtr nan ii of fr« ellone and biiik, with liiir bnud (trctl^. The lunilei are Lithii \\\^\\ mill t'lilly inhahiicd. The piinei |jal (xporti) are wool, oil, ihrOinitx, fword-hl.nU*. and oilier inannfuMiirri in iion and Iteil. In iMi :, ilic I'leiich ev.icnatid lliiit town, and utietllictii- ally relilted by the SpaniardH in two attemptH to regain poHinion. It it fi.ited ill a fertiU' country, «»n I hi- Ih.n- c'.ibal, which tormH ,1 good h.irbonr near the hay of Hifcay, 50 m w by » St. Sc b:inian. and iHo n by r. Madrid. Lon. a 4H w, 4 J 14 N. l!i/f/i;//on..\ town in Suffolk, with amir- ket on Wediufdajr, leated on tlif; Mrf. ton, I a m !>K liiiry, and 6.; ni: London. tUhluli^ttidt a conniry of l>.nbary, boiiiidf d on the N by Algiers and Tunis, i by Tripoli, s by (Juergula, and w by Tnggmt. The air is hoi and unhealiliy. The tonntiy is monntainons and fir.dy, producing little fnflenance,except dates, which are in fnch great abundance that it isfretjuently called thcLand of IXites; and this fruit is exchanged with the neighbouring countries for whe;it. It has alfo a r.ace of horlcR, famous for their fwiftnefs and rapidity ortravellirit;. The inhabitaiitH are deenit 1 lewd, tna- chtroiis, tliievifh, and cruel. 'Fhey niv a mixture of ancient Africans and wilii Arahs ; ihc former living in towns, and the latter in tcnis. The chief trading towns arc Fighig and Gademia. Lilin, a town of Bohemia, in the cir- cle of Leitmeritz, near a mountain uf itii name. 17 m w Leitmeiit/. liUii:^, a town of Moravia, with a eaftle, and a conliderable maiiniaClun of clotli ; fitnate on the Biala, and thf verge of Poland, iK m kne Tefchen. BiUcrica, a town of MallachuretP, in | Middlcfcx county, near the river Con- cord, 20 m nnw Bofton. BiUericiiy, a town in KlFex, with .i| market on Tucfday, feated on a hill, 9 m s\v Chelmsford, and 2.^ e London. I Bil/efdon, a town in Lcicefterf irc,| with a market on Friday, 8 m E Ltictf-j ter, and 93 n by w London. Ilif/om, « tow pertinent of Pi 411 nnlii'enec, m Hilnuih, 1 VI f h'tween IV/zn lar^WMiiretcn Bit,iiht » tiwii wa, eipit«| of ,1 dueiiiif fxcrll.fif *■ ()iJi(cln. L'.ii Bil/'fH, A town da territory of I, "'•'■ Bilfcn, a ctii iltiion ami .if,|„.y lituiteon the U^i /)'/'///»/■/», .1 ti,, W'itphali.i, litiii m -ttK ArriWburK. Biljlon, a town i has A n.ivigablc cii Willi the St.iHor,| Ihiie nnals .m,! Nf.ir it arc lirgo ftonr. 5cc. alio f ll'ttiiig millu ; .i,„| ;)jnnc(| an. I , ti m number of inh,ibit;i •iiiil 964/'j in igii. »i'rhimpton, and 1 Uimiiii, one of 1 rnr the channel o< jnd nearly ai much harbour. Lon. 79 Bi/nlrpatiUn, ;i t in Oolconda, ffatri g.il. urn w Vifigap Binaros, a town I'lted near the M mouth of a river, ■ hiiboiir, 7 m N by s Tortof 1. Binbrookt a town a market on VVcdnt coin, and 157 v Lo Binch, a fortified 'lids, in Hainault, 9 m E Mons. Binchfjier, a villa Durham, on the riv ham. By feveral ., "umenis, it appear, Koman Vinovium ; wins have been dug P'"J.^azi, a town o *ita a harbour for fr iolometa. , ^'".^fn, a tc .vn of PJrtment of Mont |J>erni.iny,inthearcl JatPd at the connu I'ncRhine, rjmwbv . Bingen/ic-im, a to Jemcic of Upper I ' rankfort. (1 II mouth ,with.Tnir- on \\\<- lUe- In I'. London. )f !>,irl).vy. .iiulTuiii. ami v I'y unlH'alil'y. and lanily, xctpt dates, uulanct' that ilof IMi's, with the whtMt. It famous f'>r trAvc'lliiit;- Ifwtl, trt'.v They an- a uis and wild towns, ami hict trading mia. a, in the cir- nountain i)t it/. ravia, with a manulaCturf iala, and tlif Tifchen. ^tlachuicts. m he river Con- KiFtx, with a ;d on a hill, z:^ E London. Lciccfterf in". 8 m E Ltictl- n. ni N Bil/nm, A ti>wn of I', inci». In titr tff** ptrtrncnt of l*uy tic Dunic. i't-atcd uii .111 nnhrpncc. n m knk drrmont. HilmaH, 1 vift arid d«ft'rt of AMci, b>t\vi'eii I'cir/.iii :iMi| Mornoti, wliicll lanvKii arc ten day* padliMf. Ui!,iih, n t')VMioi IliiKiooiiiK, ill \f.iU W.I, cipitnl o1 II circ>ir. ttotiil fui pro* diu'iti||( t-xcfll'tit totucco- It in I Din t ()yr. Ncir it in Mini* III I HiU'cn* a crUhr.ilcil tfitip iimI loiiti- il.iinMi and ahlti-y fir iioldc l.idici. It i* litmtcon till" UcniiT, i? m nnw Licj^r. m/fi*i», A ti»wii ot the ititcliy of Wh.ili.i. Iitn\tf ot) .1 mountain, 24 m -(tK Aifiilhun;. Hil/lon, a town in Statforillhiro. which hji a n.ivi|.rahlci'unl that coinninnicttci with the .StaHiiidlhirc and VVorci-rtfi- ihii'" canals and fcvci.il ^riMt rivers. Near it arc Ifpo niini-s of coal, iron- Itonf. 5cc. alfo funiacea, forifM, and IliltiiiK iniltii ; and manufidliirci) of j.i* ;)jniii.(l and tniincllid goiuli. Tin: numbtT of iiiliabitants w.i« 6;i4 in iHoi, .iiul i>64n. 79 ^o w,lat. si o n. Bitnlf/'dftifn, a t.)wn of Ilindoollan, !n Oolconda, foatrd on the bay of Ben- j.il, limn Vifigapatam. Binaroj, a town of Sp.ijn, in Valonci.i, lV\ted near the MeilitcrraniMn, at the mouth of a river, which forms a finail harbour, 7 m n by E Penifcola, and a^ s Tortofa. Binbrooi, a town in Lincoln niire, with » market on Wodnefday, 30 m ne l..iii« coin, and 157 n London. Binch, a fortified town of the Nothor- Imds, in Hainault, on the river Ilayc, 9 m E Mons. Binc/ifjler, a village in the county nf Durham, on the river Were, near Dur- ham. By feveral infcription? and mo- numents, it appears to hav( been the Roman Vinovium ; .and m.iny Koman coins have been dug up here. Bini^azi, a town of Barbary, in Barca, with a harbour for fmall vcireis, 35 m sw Tolometa. Bin^fn, a tt ,vn of France, in the dp- parimcnt of Mont Tonncrc, lately of Germany, in the archbilhopricof .Montz ; featpd at the conflux of the Nahu with the Rhine, 1 5 m w by s Ment/,. Bingenlielni, a town of Ciermuny, in thecirclcof Upper Rhine, 16 m nne Frankfurt. H I R Jf/»ff A/iw, » town in Mottltijf'i.imnifr^, wiihti nnrkrton ThiirfMiv, > m k Not* tinsham, and itt n by w London. ^;«*if////, dto'vn In VV Yorklhire, with n m\rki:( 011 TucUtay, fctiirtt on th" .Aire, 14 m <*K .Sltiptoii, and %qi nmw l.oridoii. Hithio^ theliirgcft river of Chili, wliich rifcii in the Andci, run<'> m Wiiw Moot Hud ibad, and II r, NNW Calcutta. Lirkeupl.l, a town of Fr.mcp, in the dep.utineiit of Sarre, l.itely of (Jcrmany, in the circle of Upper Rhine; (e.ited ne.ar the river Nahe, 35 m ksk Trcvoi. Dirmalh an extenltvc empire in Afia, to the K of the bay of Bengal ; contain- ing the kingdoms of Birmah, Callay, Aracaii, and I'egu, ami all the w coalt of Sjar The kingdom of Birmah, fre- quently called Ava, from tlie name of its anc.ent capital, has I'cgu on the s, Airim on tlie n, Ar.acan and Caifay on the w, and China and Upper Siam on the K. This kingdom was con(|iitrcd. in 1752, by the king of l'e;;u, who carried the Birtnan monarch prili)iur to I'egu, and cauied him to be murdered there in 1754. But Alompra, a Mirman of low diltiniftion, who was continued by the cnnqucroraa chief at .Monchab(in,a Imall place to the n of Ava, revolted agaiiill the Pegueic, got poUinion of Ava, in 1753, and after continued battles, with various fuccels. became the conqueror of Pegu in 1757. This deliverer of his country continued in a Hate of warfare to his death in 1760; and his llicceHors have addi'd the other countries, which now form the Birman enipiie. The climate of Hirmah is very l.'dubriou8 ; the leatbiis being regular, and the ex- tremes of hoar and cold feldom t.U\, iUvrr» rubin, .mtl (jpphlrfii , ami iiltord* •m«- tlivlN. ^AtiMlt, tUryUtlUt-^, jtlptr, load* llonc, and miirl»li'. 'I'lf ir«ncr.d dll* p«>nticn of thf Hirmjtnii ii Itrikinf ly con- tr«li<'tl with thit of the n.itivt* of Ilin* doollan, th«>iij^:li (^p.iratcd only hy .1 narrow rUlKc of moonlaint, in Jivir.ii ?t.icr> Admitting of nn 1 >fy intcrcourii*. 'h«* DIrm.in* arc a llvi-ly inquifitivr r.ic«*, x^livr. iralcibk, niul inipatii nt ; Uut tlie cliaraClcr of their Menu 1 1 iici|{hl»ouri ii known to Ih* thi- ri«vf rk*. The? pillion of jcalouly, which |'ron»pt* mofl fallirri iiiition* to iinmiir*' tlmr women, nnil (iirronnci them with guards, Ici-mi to hnvf! little inilucnc« on ihc mindnof the Birmaiii t for their wivi^ »tu\ duiKhtrrA have a« free int'-roourlc with the other li'X a% the mien of Liiroprau fnciety ad* niit' The Hirnuni are extiemciv fond both of portry and nuilic ; and tlu ir Ianpu.i(!e h.n occn highly cultivated in cotnpolition, for they have niitnerous work* in religion, hiltory, and Iciencc Thiir religion ii, in fa^l, that of the Hindoo!, though thty are not votaries of Brama. but (eiJlaries of Boodh, which ■ulmits not of ihf dillindlinn of calls or the (epamiion of the people into here- ditary profcffiopn. Their (yllem of jti- rifpruilcncc is dillinpuilhcd altovc any other Hindoo commtiit.iry for pcrlpi- cuity and j;ood lenfe. The emperor of Hirnuh is a defptjtic monarch, and like the lovcreign of China, acKnow- Jcdpefl no equal : the prevailing charac- terillic «)t' hii court is pride. 'I'herc «rc no hereditary dignities or employ- men's in the governnicnl ; ftn* all ho- nours and oflic<'s, on the dcmilo of the poHefror, revert to the crown. The ca- pital of the kinjjdom, and metropolis of the empire, is Unimt ripoora. Dirwintr/ia.fi, a town in Warvvick- (hirc, with a market on Thurlday. It is a place of great antiquity, and itancis on tile fide of a hill, lormirig nearly a half-moon. Thi; lower part is filled with workftiops and warehonfcs, and confifls chiefly of did buililings. The upper part contains many new and re- gular nrcets, and a handfoinc l(|uarc. It has two churches ; one in the lower part of the town, which, though i.itely cafed with brick, Is a very ancient building, with a lofty fpirc ; the other, a grand modern ftrudture, having a fquare ftone tower, with a cupola and turret : it has alfo two chapels, fcveral fM^^ln|f.houfr«, a hr^c lehool tndoWdi by I'dward Vl, .111 rlr^ oil ihi.ilrr, urut |l'< ( uinnN tril fit of bjlhi in th<* kiii)(- dmii i'tii' h.irdware manuf.i^hires nf Hirminuh mi h \\t I eett iiolitl for 4 Con* fldrrablc pcnnd , but of late yrais, hy freat addition* 10 il> iradt* from 4 v.tit v.irii ty III .itticln, fiuli -in niit4l bulliitn, buck I) •, plated t(. Jap-iiincd and [i|. pi r w.iie, Kc. it h^i nil n greatly in p,% ion. Ilirr, a ttiwii of Ireland, in Ki.i- county, near the borthri of Tippn.ny, ,U m NK. Limerick, and 34 nnw K.- kcnny. ///Wi", a town of Scotland, in Ab*r- dernniire, felted on the Dee, 38 m \f Aberdeen. llirtlty, a village in the county of Durham, 10 m n uurham, noted Kir j valuable fait fpring, and .iii txtcafivc nianufadhire of^falt. Hhvitfcn, a town of Spain, in OM Caltile, 1,^ m n Hur^oi. IJirxa, a town «,f Poland, in Samo- gitia, 4am nh .M it tail. lii/iircid, a town of Naples, in I'rin cipato Ultra, if n» M'. t'onza. Bijiara. a town of Algiers, in llir province of Coiillantina, and tlio chid place of the diHrii'.t of Z.iab. It in ,ii^ ancient town, lao m «sw Conltantina. Lon. ; 12 w, lat. ,.43 35 n Ptijcnf/, a province of Sp.nln, 70 ml long antl 55 broad; bounded on the n by the bay of Hifcay. k by Upper N,i- varre, s by Old CalHIe, and w by A;- turias. It contains three divilions, i'lil- cay I'roper, Ouipiifcua, and Alava;| and is a kind of republic, in the hint! of the nobility, under the proteiHion otl tlu- crown. Here arv neither garrilon*|^ cuflomhoiifes, Aamps, nor cxcife ; anc! of all the royal taxes, none arc kiiowid but the donativo, or giatuitous domj tion. Biftay receives by mere condtj Iceiifion a conegidor, and a commifl'iri of marines ; but iloet not permit ani order of the Spanilh government to executed without the fandtion ot ih| province. It produces apples, or.mgej and citrons ; and has alfo wood for builil»rr In i:i)i.,p • he AtJaiiiit, 1,1 '".';■ r M w, I, of Ufh.iii», ill |«„ Hihuy, Ari( .ip.iln, ill Ihr .iu hounded ».n ih( '•y foh.diuih am eatrcasandCiui. Ii.ican. CInuloa, londdeMbl*- cxti < d , and the fro warlike ..nd Civa; bids collceird t«) mai/e. Tf„. pr„ P'lly of hijfi, Vif, many rich (liver m capital. . ^>f<^ofjhin,, a '" the duchy „f vi th'- iauber. ,0 m Another, fcatej „, '•y Wurtzburg. fi'Mjlaek, a t( Cirniola, withagoi *»r/led, 1 7 m w b ii»j'chofftip«, und mine* uf irun and Irad. Thr IlifLuyiiu «rr ilntit. I)r4vr. tiitil ihiH Icric to » provi'ili I ,tnU Ihclowtil li. bourrr drvm« himfclf « g* iiilciii m. TItry rpr4k tlic nuu nt CiittAbrUri Un« giMKr, which h4i nt .liiiniiy with niiy t>iUrr in l''.iiiup«v Itilhoa i« ihi cjpii.ii. bifttiff% Hoif nft an I xtt tidvr tuy of (he AtUntici tKrtwcrii (ape Orttval, in Urn. 9 .^3 w, lat. 4.) 4II n, ^nd I he illc «if irin^ni, in Ion. 5 o w. lat. 41) )o n . fl//««y, A'Mir, « province of N«*w 5p.iini ill the .luilicm A of (MM«l.il.ix.nriii hoiiiHlcd on the N hy N<. wv Mexico, t. Iiy Cohahuil.i *inl N« w I,«*oii, 9 hy '/.t c.itvcis AiidOiudiil ix.ir.i, 4iul w hy Cii- liidn, Cinulo.li .tiul Sonor4. It in of conndrrnblr cxtinti but tliinly inh.tbit* cd i and till* frontifm Jirc Ini'cfted hy warlike and fivaj^e Indian*, wlio live in litit* CollrClt'd ti)K«'thcr, and rtiltiv.itr m.ii7«'. 'I'ho provinc*' confifti princi- pally of hi^h t.ihle l.ind. .ind containi tiLitiy rich lilvcr niinei. Dnian^o i» tlit* capital. hi/th<^fjhfim, a town of Fr.nnconi.1, in the duchy of Wurt/hiirg, fiate«l on ihf 'I'anhcr, 10 m unvv Wnrt/hurj?. — Annttifr, fcated on thr Rhnm, 44 in n byr Wnrt/burg. Bijehofjlaek^ a town of fJerm.iny, in C.trni(>la, with agood trul*' in linen and worlU'd, 17 m w by N Liuh.uh. BiJiho/pwerJat a town of Upper Sax- ony, in Mifnia. Ilcrr, in Scpti'mbcr iHij, ihf PiuHianH gained a vi<5lory liver the Frrnch and Saxons. It is fratcd on the WcifcritZi 1 1 in k Dref- ilen. Bifchofj'werdtrt a town of IVuiria, in tte provinci' of Obcrland, on the rircr Ofi. 28 m NF. Culm. Bifcho/teU,'A town of SwifTfrland, in Tliurvjau, with a caftic; fc.Ucd at the conflux ot the Sitter and Thur, urns Conft.incc Bifc/iivei/er, a town of France, in tho ilfpartmont of Lower Rhine, wilh a fortrefs, 14 m w by n Haguenau. Bijeif.'ia, a town of Naples, in Terra diBari, on ahill, nearthc gulf of Venice, im K Trani. Bij'erla, a fcaport of the kingdom of Tunis, with a fpacious harbour on a bay of the Mediterranean, defended by .1 caftle nnd batteries. It (lands on the bay at the entrance of a narrow chan- nd, which is the inlet to a circular lake ibout JO m in diameter; and this lake communicates by a narrow paflage with 1 » fecond of the fame form, but rather lefs in fize; both of them are from 20 to 50 fathoms deep, and furrounded by a I country extremely produiftive. Tlu- nr. ^ town ha* .1 f.imout hlhrrf. and it 41 m N by w Tunia. Lon. 9 5! a, lal. ij tit M. fii/ioft .ImihtitJ, and forolhrr placra with ihr finiepri'llx, (f /tM'»hi»j, 5(i'. lUihvfitailUt a borou^n in hhrop* (hire, with a niirkrt on liid^y, im;«.h frei|iii>nicd by the VVrllh It it fc4ted lic.il the river ( Inn, H m n Muntgume* ryinnd 159 wnw Lunrhm. lii/ilfnant, a town of Naple«| In C'a* libria t itr.i. wilh acafthi fvatrd on .1 hill, lie II' the river Uuccuna, 16 ni k ("oriti/,i. Ui/le^, u viltagf in Gtnncc/lMlhir*! 1 ni IK Stroutl It hit a luge cliiirt.!!* Itandinx on an einineiibe, and a nunu' fainiire of broadcloth. i:ijhti,qur, a town of Illndooftan, In the country of Sanoic It w.u ihc C4- piial of the aneii'iit kingtloin of Nariin* g.i, and I'ornierly a large city- It ii feat* ed on the Nigoudcn. 28 m mk Sanori*. and K^ N by w Chitteldrooi'. Lon. 76 >., I.it. 15 iO N. Bifntf^tL town of Hootani (ipital of A dilliit^t on ihc bordert of Ikngal and Alliiin. It in <;o m rnk Rangamutty. and lyi SK Tail.ii'udon. Lon. 90 45 N, lat. 26 27 N. BijJ'.t^ot, a c'lufter of iilinds on the w coail of Africa. The laigift, called Mall'ago, is Ko in in circuit, inhabited by Portugncll and Negroi, and well cul- tivated. Its N end ii opptMitc the month of the Rio (ir.iiide. Lun. i $ i» w, lat. 10 58 N Bijunf'ourt a town of Ilindooftan, capital (it u citx.ir in Uiiigal, 74 ni nw Calcutta. itijtan, or Sharrnit^ a town of IVrlia, in Irak, the capit.il of OiilaUi a fruitful diftria N of the Great Salt Defcrt and on the borders of C'horafan. It is 50 m sst /.(lerah.id, and 2 to k 'l'tln;r.»n. Lon. 54 45 f,,lat. .15 4s n. lUJiricz, a town of Tranfylvanin, on the river Billrlcz, 142 m Nt Colofwar. Lon. 253 K,ht^47 j3 N- lUtihe, a fortified town of France, in the department of Mofclle, with acaftle on a rock. It is I'eated at the foot of a mountain, near the river Schwclb, 30 m N by w Stralburg. Lon. 7 44 t, lat. 49 5 N. Hitetto, a town of Naples, m Terra di Dari, 1 1 m ssw Jiari. Bitonio, a town of Naples, in 'I'crra di liari, 10 m wsw B.iri. BltJ'chfH ; fee Pitfchen. Bitterfeld, a town of the durhy of Saxony, feated on the Mulda, 14 m t DeflCiu. r.iflrk VirfJIf a foreft of Germany. 1*5^-- Wi •m\ '' 1 ■ i l< !^ Pii " ui :. : B T. A Jr. the w part of the circlf of Sii;il)!a Itispnrl of the ancient Hyrcinir.n forcft. l^/nrk S,'a, the niiciontEuxirK', an in- land f.,1, or large l.ilvi;. partly in Ciirop'S and parl'y in Alia. Its waters arc fcarccly hrac'vilh. It lies bitwecn .33 iind 44 r. Ion. and 42 and 46 v lat. Bliicibiink, 1 town ot" Ireland, in the county of Armapli, 7 m h Armagh. [iLuii'jtirn, a town in Lancafhirc, with a market on Monday. Ht-re an* two churches, f<'veralineciing-lionfes, a prammar iehool tonnded l)y queen F.Ii- fabetli, and a vaft trade in cotton, cali- cos, &c. The number of inhabitants was I i,i;8o in i8or , and 15.083 in i2ii. It is feattd on a rivulet, and near the Leeds and Liverpool canal, u m K Prefton,and jo? nnw London. Blacklieath, a villaj;e in Kent, on the fl fide of Gntnwich, at tlie nw point of a lofty plain of the fame name. On the heath and its borders are many beautiful villas; alfo Mordt n college founded by fir John Morden, for de- cayed merchants. In tht.' fide of the afcent from London to thif village is a cavern confifling of feven large rooms, which communicate by arched avenues; the fides and roofn of rocU of chalk ; and it has a well of clear water, 27 feet deep. Blnckmore, a village in Eflex, on the river Can, 5 m N Brentwood. Near the church, at a fpot called Jericho, formerly flood a priory, afterward con- verted by Menry viii into a houfe for occ;ifional retirement ; and here his na- tural fon John Henry Fitzroy was born. It if? now an elegant houfe. lilachiefs-cajlle, a fort of Scotland, in Linlithgowlhirc, built on a kind of peninfula on the frith of Forth, 9 m ne Lin'ithgow. It confits of four baftions, and is one of the forts which, by the articles of union, are to be kept in re- pair. Blackpool, a village in Lancafliire, ;? m w Pouhon. It has a fine beach, and is much reforted tofnr fea-bathing. Blaciivater, a river of Ireland, which flows K through the county of Cork, by Millflirut, Mallow, and Fermoy, to Lifmore and Cappoquin in the county of Waterford, from which laft its courfe is s to Youghall bay. — There are two or three more fmaller rivers of the fame name. Blackivater, a river in Fffex, which flows by Bradfield, Braintrce, Cogge- Ihal, Kelvtdon, and Maiden, and then enters the efiuary, to which it gives the name of Blackwater bay. Bladenechi a river of Scotland, which n r A rifen In the hills in the u pirt of Wi)." toiifhirr, and after a winding courfe of ;4 m enters Wi^'ton bay. .Several iflands are formed in its Led, which are famous for the refoit of eagles. B/aJo/jhurt^, a town of M-'rylacd, in Frederic comity, on tlie k \]i\i: of the k br.inch of the I'otom.ic, c) m from its month, at Wafiiington, and 3H sw IJ.d- tiinon-. Bltiht, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Loire, 2i m NMW N.mt's. Blair /ttli'il, a town of Scotland, in Pertlilhiro, with a caftle, the feat of tlie duke of ,\thol, 36 m mnw Perth. Blair Goivrie, a town of Scotland, in Pcrthfliire, with a manor houfe built in the form of a caflle, Z2 m n n k Perth. Blaifois, a late province of France, hounded on the n by Beance, i'. by Orleanois, s by Berry, and w by Totir- aine. It nnw forms the department of Loir and Clier. Piltiifon, a town of France, in the de- partment of Mayenne and Loire, iJ m sii Angers. Blamoiit, a town of France, in the de- partment of Meurthe, feated on the Vezouze, la m k Luneville. Blafu, a. town of France, in the de- partment of Indre, with a caflle, feated on the Creufc, 35 m e Poitiers. Blanca, an uninhabited ifland, to the N of Margaretta, near Terra Firms. Lon. 64 30 w, lat. 11 50 n. Blanco, a cape of Patagonia, 130 m NE Port St. Julien. Lon. 64 4a w, lat. 47 20 s. Blanco, a cape of Peru, which is the N extremity of that country, and the s point of the gulf of Guayaquil. Lon. 83 o w.lat. 3 45 s. Blanco, a cape on the w coaft of Africa, 180 m n of the river Senegal. Lon. 17 10 w, lat. ao 55 n. Blandford, a corporate town in Dor- fetfhire, with a market on Saturday. In i73i> almoft all the town was burnt down; but it was foon rebuilt, and a neat townhall of Portland flione, on co- lumns, in which is a pump, was eredled in remembrance of that dire difafter, and provifion againft the like. It has a confiderable manufaiflure of thread and I fliirt buttons, and is feated on the river j Stour, near the downs, 18 m ne Dor- cheftcr, and 103 w by s London. Blandford, a town of MaflTachufas,! in Kamplhire county, 25 m sw North- ampton, and 1 16 w by s Bofton. Blandford, a town of Virginia, m Prince George county. It has a larg^ trade in tobacco, and is fitiiate on the 1 'w'.inch of the Ptfter/burg. iilattej, a tf>w nw; the mouti 8 Gironne. Blmnkenbtrr, Jft-therlands.'i,, German ocean, , ^lanhnberir. in the duchy of "me Bonn. ^lankenhurg. j ony, capital of lame name. Tl craggy mountaii Jineft buildings of " 's 30 m SE Wo 'V/ '*'• 5' 5i N Bluregniesi fee Guadalaxara, and pot in all the cot yards, magazines, , and equipment of f an ifland at th /»g"» 170 m w I Lon. ,05 16 w.lat. Blaubeuren, a tow duchy of Wirtemhu a nil/. Great quani ''"en cloth are mad a the conflux of "'au, 1 1 m w ujm Btaye, a feaport of J rtmept of Girond f^'^^l and a fort c Gironde, which is he J trade confifts in , adjacent country, j 'frequented, and the iiourdeaux are oblie ""sh^re. It is ,7 °n;?.35^w, iat.4c, Gotland, on the co 's 90 m long and Hh mountainons ireeable countries 'i l,"PV^'*P«'t'-aclei8 r'-'eftown,sCarlfcron J i^enh.m, a vijla.,e ( »" the Danube, 3 ^ J;,'nemorab!e for Th Ipned over the Frend h/°4,bythedukeoi \ ^lere, a town of Fr' Kent of Indre anc r Cher, r8 m E by . I fA a town of Fn tef of Upper U [Clermont. Y^'JUngton, a borouglj ourff ^'hicli is the r, and tl^e s quil. Lot'- w 'fix )wn in Dor- n Saturday. n wa3 burnt built, and a [lone, on co- [, was eveaed [\ire dlfafter, ike. It has a ,f thread and on the rivet m NE Dor- mdon. iafllicnuids, lofton. Virginia, > .1 has a larg' iiate ou the branch of the AprMmattox, 4 m ke Pcterfburg. Biattej, a town of Spai'i, in Catalonia, near the mc^ulh of tlic Torrlera, jo m $ Girotine. bl«nkettbcr;^y a town and fort of the Netherlands, in Flanders, iituate on the German ocean, 8 m n e Oftend. Rlanienberjit a town of W'tftphalia, in the duchy of Berg, on the river Sieg, 12 m E Bonn. lilankenhurgf a town of Lower Sax- ony, capital of a principality of the fame name. The caftle (lands on a craggy mountain, and is one of the fincft buildings of the kind in Germany. It is 30 m SE Wolfenbuttle. Lon. ii 10 s, lat. 51 51 N. Blaregnies ; fte Malplaqtut. Bias, St. a feaport of New Spain, in Guadalaxara, and the chief marine de- pot in all the country, having dock- yards, magazines, &c. for the building and equipment of fhips- It is feated on an ifland at the mouth of the St. Jago, 170 m w by n Guadalaxara. Lon. 105 16 w, tat. zi 40 n. Blaubeuren, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirteml»urg, with a caftle on a hill. Great quantities of fuftian and linen cloth are made here- It is feated at the conflux of the Ach with the Blau, 1 1 m w Ulm. Blaycy a feaport of France, in the de- partment of Gironde. It has a good citadtl, and a fort on an ifland in the Gironde, which is here above a m wide. Its trade confifts in the wines of the adjacent country. lis harbour is much frequented, and the (hips whi^;h go to Bourdeaux are obliged to leave their guns here. It is 17 m n Bourdeaux. lon. 35^w, lat. 45 7 n'. Bleiingen, a province of Sweden, in Gothland, on the coaft of the Baltic. It is 90 m long and ar broad; and, though mountainous, is one of the moft s?reeable countries in the kingdom. jTlie principal trade is. in potafh, pitch, iv, tallow, hides, and timber. The |cl!ief town is Carlfcrona. Bknlmmy a village of Sua iu, feated Ion the Danube, 3 m nk Hucliftat. It lis memorable for the fignal vidory mined over the French and BavaVians, |ini704, by the duke of Marlborough. £/erf, a town of France, in the de- fartment of Indre and Loire, on the liver Cher, 1 8 m e by s Tours. 'Ufle^ a town of France, in the de- Jrtment of Upper Loire, Iituate on ieAlaignon, u m w Brioudc, tfnd ^3 [Vermont. Itffiigtotif a borough of Ireland, in BOB the county of Wicklow, feated on a rifmg j;round, mar the Liffny, 17 m svv Dubli.i. '.'hti/iingli/, a borough in Surry, which h,i^ no market ; ftjjled on ,i hill, 4 m K Ryt'(;.ite, and ai •! Lond "i. LlucJk IjlaKd, ■in ill-ind of the ft't'? of Rhode Illiiul, lyinp ii m ssw of New- port, and in Newport county. It is 4(1 in in lenjjth, and jS in its extreme breadth, and famous for cattle, Iheep, butter, and cheefe. The s part of it is in lat. 41 8 N Blockzyl, a town of Holland, in Over- yfTcl, with a fort ; feated at the mouth of the Aa, on the Zuyder Zee, where there is a good "harbour, 8 m NwSteen- wick. Lon. 5 39 e, lat. 5a 44 n. Blots, a city of France, capital of the department of Loir ind Cher, and lately an epifcopal fee. The cathedral is a large ftrudure, feated on an eminence at one extremity of the city, and on another eninence at the other end is a magnificent caftle. In this caftle was born the good Lewis xii ; and here, in 1588, Henry m caufed the duke of Guife, and his brother the cardinal, ta be adaflinated. Here are fome fine fountainfl, fupplied by an aquedudl, fuppofed to have been ere(5ted by the Romans. The principal commerce 13 in wine and brandy; and the chief ma- nufadturcs are fergcs and tickcn. It is feated on the Loire, 37 m ene Tours, and 100 ssw Paris. Lon. i 30 e, lat. 47 35 N- Bloniezt a town of Poland, in Ma- fovia, so m w Warfaw. Blorey a village in StafFordfhire, 10 m X Utoxeter. Its heath is famous for a battle between the houfes of York and Lancafter, in which Nevil earl of SaliP)ury, for York, with 500 men only., defeated lord Audley with 10,000. The latter was killed, and on the ipot is eroded a ftone crofs to his memory. Bluehill, a town of the diftrid of Maine, in Hancock county, on Union river, 13 m e Caftine. Blytlh a town in Nottinghamfhire, with a market on Thurfday. Here are fome remains of a caftle and priory. It is 23 m NNW Newark, and 151 n by w London. Blythy a village in Northumberland, at the mouth of the BIyth, 14 m nnb Newcaftle It has a quay, and exports mu^h coal and fait. Bond., a town of Hindooftan, in OrifTa, on the river Mahanada, 65 m sse Sum- bulpoLT, and 115 w Cattack Bobbio, a town of Italy, in Milanefe, on the river Trebia, 25 m «& Pavia. n\. Wli m ■'A lll# t-i I . BOD troll n/inu/i fly a town of OrTmany, in W'ttti ravia, with a ciltle, (♦•aicd on the iicifbrciit/, J m «E Frank, brl. iJol/er, a river of Gcrmiiuy, which rifrb ill Siltli.i, on the borders of Hohc- •Bii.i, flows N by Ldwcnbiirj:, Hiiiity.lau, and Sagan, uiui joins the Odor below Crctren. h(jberjl/erf;, a town of Brandenbinp, in till." New mark, and duchy of Croiron; IV.iltd on the fide of a hill, by the river iiobtr, 5ms Crofll'ii. BobrouiJ/t, cr Bohruvji, a Arong town •f Lithuania, in thii palatinate of lliiift;, fituaie on the Berezina, 86 m ?e Alinfk. Boca del Drago, a channel between the ifland of Trinidad and Cumana in Terra Firnia. Sec Trinidad. Bocheitii, a chAW of mountains, in the territory of Genoa, over which is the road into Lombardy. On the higheft mountain is a ftrong pafs that will hardly admit three men to go abrcaft; and this is, properly, the Bochetta. It is tbt* key of Genoa, and was forced by the French in 1796, and by the Auflrians in i8oo. Boc/mia, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Cracow, with large fait mines, 30 m ese Cracow. Bocholt, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of Munfter, on the "'.•er Aa, 42 m w Munfter. Bochnheim, a town of Lower Saxony, in the principality of Hildeflieim, on the river Net;e, 13 m ssk llildtiheim. Bockiur;, a large village in Elfcx, ad- joining to Braititree. It has a fpacious cimrch, and a great manufadine of bays. Bockum, a town of Weftphalia, in the county of Mark, zG m sk Wtfd. Boden See ; fee t'o>:J?anci', Lake of. Bodniiny a borough in Con. wall, go- verned by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. The fummer afli/es are held here and at Truro alternately. It has Ibme manufadures of I'crge, and a trade in wool and yarn. The church is the largert in the coiinty, and the remains of an epifcopal palace and a priory arc IHll to be feen. It is 3a m ni: Falmouth, and 235 w by s Loudon. I n. 4 40 w, lat. 503^- K. Bodon, a fortified town of European Turkey, in Bulpnria, and an arch- bilhop's fee ; feated on the Danube, a6 m w Widdin. Lon. 33 54 e, lat. 44 10 N. Bodrochs or Bodrotc, a (own of Hun- gary, on the river Duoube, 100 m SE Buda. Modru^j, a town of Afiatic Taikty, in T? AT Nfltolii, on the n fide of thr t;ulf »f S-'alanova, 18 m s Smyrna. — Another, on the lite of the ancient Haliearnafl'iij, on the N lide of the gulf of Stanchio, 45 m w l»y s P^flaffa. ri'h-fchot, a town of the Nethc rland , in Jhabant, on the river Nethc, 12 m NE Mechlin. Bng, a river which rifes on the % border of Volhynia, in I'oland, llowi throucji Podolu and Bud/nc Tartary, and enters llic eftmry of the Dntt per a little above Ocz ikow. Bogdoi, a country of Tartai y, lying to the N of China. It is cf great cxtint and populous, and fubjcft to the Chi- nefe. Boglio, or Beiiil, a town of Savoy, fituate on the Tineu, 21 m nnw Nice. Bog/ipour, i town of Hindooftan, ca- pital of a circar in Bengal; fated on the Ganges, 112 m ne Moordiedabad, Lon. 87 5 E, lat. 25 ij N. Bognor, a village in SuflTex, 7 m se Chichefter. It is an improving place, and much frequented in fummer for fea-bathing. Bohemia, a kingdom in Germany, 209 m long and 150 broad; bounded 011 the N by Mifnia and Lufatia, e by Silcfia and Moravia, s by Auftria, and w by Bavaria. It is fertile in corn, faffron, hops, and pafture. The chief rivers are the Muldau, Elbe, and Oder. i;i the mountains are mines of gold, filvcr, copper, tin, iron, lead, and quickfilver; above 100 towns and places might bf | named where mine-works have been j eftabliflicd. All kinds of marble arf likevvifc dug in Bohemia. Almofl: every kind of precious ftoncs arc found bere, but, in general, deficient in hardncfj;! the iilver, and, in part, milkwhite pearls,! fiathered in many places, are extrcinpl]r| beautiful. The Roman catholic re- ligion is the principal ; but there arcl many proteftants. The language ill Sclavonian, with a mixture of GeimnnF It is divided into 16 circles, and fubjeiltj to the houfe of Auftria. The capital ii[ Pr?,,ue. Hohviifch, a town of Bohemia, in th«| circle of Leutmeritz, asm ene Leu'.^ meritz. Bohmifch Aic/u, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Buntzlau, 30 m n junj Buntzlau. Bohmifch Brod, a town of Bohemia! in the circle of Kaurzim, 14 ^ ^M Prague. Bohol, one 0*" the Philippine illandj to the N of Mindanao. Lon. m 5 ' lat. 10 o X. Bajadort a cape on the w coaft •^ 'ica, double M i' Lon, 1^ /:niano, a t( coui.ly of Mo Apennines, ne.i i^o^ it liifferci qiiakc, and mofl deftroyed. /t Lon. ,4,3 Bj^ \o,s le Due, a Brabant, capital name, which cor Jleimont and I caftle named Pa to the a are twt f^^ St. Antony. French in ,70V pioraflls, on the It receives the Srtda, and 45 ss ooijconimun, a I'lf department of lean?. Boitzenhurif, a f ony, in Mccklenbn ^^l Boiize t^ith t ocn-A'cnn. . ^oUzeulinrg, a to '"i''f,"^-lcer';nar;" Bokh^ria. Itftandi . ^ I' tauclno. lie, iz\n on the i lid, Uowi : Tartary, Dnu per a :ivy, lyJnS .0 the Chi- of Savoy, ,. Nw Nice. looftati, ca- ; fated on otflicdabad. rex, 7 ^ SI oving place, fummer for Jermany, ao» bounded on Aifatia, K by I Bohemia, in tb 5wn of Bobemi: lau, aomNjuni nvn of Dobemii Irzim, 14 n^ ^^ Philippine iliandi Lon. 121 s the w e< io»ft BOL Africa, doubled by the Poitugurfc ta 14 (3. Lon. 14 a; w, lat. ?.6 1 4 n. /iniano, a town ot N.iples, in the coui.ty of MolU'e, at the foot ot ihc Apennines, near the river Tilerno. In J 803 it futfcTcd greatly by an earth- quake, and molt of the inhabitants were tleftroyed. It is 45 m nne Naples. Lon- 14 3j E, lat. 41 30 N. Bois L' Due, a fortified city of Dutch Brabant, capital of a diftridt of the lame name, which contains alio the towns of Ik'lmont and Eyndhovcn. It has a caftle named Papen-briel ; and a little to the s are two forts, called inbell.i and St. Antony. It was taken by the French in 1794. It is fituute among moraflVs, on the river Dommel. where it receives the Aa, aa m e by n Breda, and 45 ssb Amfterdam. l^on. 524 K,lat. 51 45 N. Boij'commun, a town of France, in tlic department of Loiret, 35 m ne Or itan?. Boitzenhttrj^, a toivn of Lower Sax- ony, in Mccklenhurjf, it ilie .loiiflux of the Boiize with tlie Elbe, 30 m sw Schwcriu Eoitzenbnrg^A town of Bi.ip(!i nburg, in the Uc'ker mark, 10 n\ v. Picrflow. BoUiarn, :i city ol' Ufbec Tartaiy, in Bokhana. It ftandson .1 rifin^ ;■ round, furrounded by a (lender wail oi e^rth, and a dry ditch, on the s fide of the river Sodg. The houfes are low, and moftiy built of mud ; but the caravm- faries and mofques, which are numer- ous, are all of brick. The bazars have been (lately buildings, but the greateft part of them are now in ruius. Here is alfo a (lately building for the educa- tion of the piiefts. Great numbers of Jews and Arabians frequ'jnt this place ; and the trade with KuQia and Perfia is confiderable. It is 138 m w by s Sa- marcand. Lon. 62 .56 k, lat. 39 4 n. Eokharla, or Bucharia, a country of Ulbtc Tartary, bounded on the n by Turkeftan, e by Ca(hgur, s by Hiii- dooftan and Perfia, an' I w by Chorafan and Charafin. It is fertile in corn and fruit, and the beft cultivated of any part of Tartary. The inhabitants are in ge- neral tawny, with black hair, but fome are white and well made. They are cleanly in their food, which often con- lifts of minced meat; and tea is the weral drink. They are not warlike, Ijiit ufe the bow, lance, and fabre. 'amarcand is the capital. Martai Little i fee Cajhgur. Bolgbola, one of the Society iflands, inthe Pacific ocean, four leagues Nwof "^taha. Qn the iw tide it a fpacioui tJ L harbour cilled Oleivanooa. Lon. ijf 4j w, lat. \b 18 'i, BoUhereJky a town of Kimt(kalka, on the river Bulclioirfka, a?, m from its mouth, in the fe.i ofOkotlk. Lon. isfj 37 E, lat. 5a 54 N. HoUf a town of Afiatic Tiirkry, in Natolia, and the capital of a faiigiacat«. It is furrounded by an open palifade, has numerous tlrects and bazais, and is well peopled. 1 o the w of it is a large forefl: of its name, which (iipplies an uiueafing fourco of timber to the arfe- nalu at Cntiftaiitinople. It llatids under a hill, and on a plant that h (|.iite a gar- den, iiom Ni'. Chiuiaga, and 145 R by s CoiiUantitiople. i^on. 31 40 k, lat. 40 40 N. bolinghrokey 1 town in l.incolnfhire, with a marlvct on Tucfday. It is the birtt'olace of Henry iv, and has a ma- nuiadtiu' of earthen wine. It (tatids at the fjuice ol river which (lows to the With im, ag m K Lincohi, and 133 N by t London. Bolhwitz, a town of SlliTia, la m s GlOKHU. Lohgna, a city of Italy, capital of Bologuefe, and an archbiflmp's fee. The univerfity is one of tlio moft an- cient and c<'lebr3ted in Europe ; and the Inftitutio di Bolopna is a magnifi* Cfnt building, whtre the various artt and icieiices have thtir r>'fpr(fHve halls. The ci.urch of St. Petroniiis is the largeft in Bo!0;;n;\; and on the pave- ment of this, C alTmi drew his meridian linj. There an* above 160 other churches, moil of them full of paintings by celebrated artills, a rj particularly Albano. The ichool ol f aintipg is im- mortalized by tho num.isr of great maders it has produced ; and th'j pub- lic theatre is one of the largeft and mod beautiful in Italy. Many of the palaces of the nobility are fnrniihed in a mag- nificent tafte, having been built and ornamented when tl'.e finrit works of architedture and painting could be pro- cured on eafier terms. Moll of the public llreets are accomraodated with covered walks; but the buildi s in ge- neral are not celebrated fpi oeauty. The inhabitants, eflimated at 70,000, carry on a confiderable trade in rich filks and velvtt.s. The furrounding country produces immenfe quantities of oil, wine, Hax, and hemp, and furnilh- es all Europe with confedionary, dif- tilled waters, and efl'encea. Tiic river Rheno, which runs near the ciiy, turns 400 mills for the filk works : and there is a canal hence to the Po. The cele- brated churck of la M.-^donna di St. Ga .M^fi M t t siitit:' I. «..■ ■I ( I Hi, J. BOM Liica Aands on a high hill, about 5 m from ihc city; and for the accommoda- tion nf its numerous vifltora, a noble portico extendi from the gate of the city to the entrance of Ihis (andluary. Bologna is feated at the foot of the Apennines, 32 m se Modena, and 175 Nw Rome. Lon. n ai k, lat. 44 go N. Bolognefii a province of Italy, bound- ed on the N by Ferrarefe, w by Mode- na, s by Tul'cany, and e by Romagna. It it watered by many fmall rivers, and produces all forts of grain and fruit, particularly rich muicadine grapes. Some miles before the entrance uito Bologna, the country leems one con- tinued garden. The vineyards ar«^ di- vided by rows of elms and mulberry- trees; the vines hanging in fedoons, fiom one tree to another. There are alio mines of alum and iron. This province lately belonged to the Eccle- liaftical State, but is now a part of the new formed kingdom of Italy. Bolog- na is the capital. BoljinO'. a town of Italy, in the pa- trimony of St. Peter, on a lake of its name, i3 niNNw Viterbo. Bolfo'ver, a town in Derbyfliire, with a mark«;t on Friday. It has a ipacious clain, covered with cultivation and vil* ages, and fnrroundvd by mountains, 75 m SK Kirmanlha. Boo/hu/i, a town of Hindooftan, In Bengal, 9U m NK Calcutta. Bootan, a country of Afia, between Nupani, Bengal, Aflatn, and Tibet, of which la(t it is a feudatory. It abounds in mountains covered w ith verdure, and rich with abundant loreft-trces : there is fcirccly a mountain whofc l)afe is not wnflii'd by lume torrent, and many of tho l')ttif II bear populous villages, amid orchards aiid plantaiinns, on their fum- miLs and on their lides. The Ibnthern- mo.'l ridge of the Dnutan mountains ril'fs near a mile atid a half above the plnins of Uongal, in a horizontal dis- tance of only 15 mihis ; and from the liimmil the aftoni(hed traveller looks on the plains below as on an extcnfivi.* ocean. The Bootecas are much fairir and more robult than their neighbi j.j the Bengalees, with broader faces and higher cheek bones; their hair id inva- riably black, and cut fliort ; their eyes frnall and black, with long pointed corners ; and their fliins remarkably fmooth. Th<' houfos are built on props, though the country is hilly, and alccnd- ed by a ladder : the lower part, clofcd on all sides, lerves for holding ftores, and accon: Aodating hogs, cows, and other animalE. The capital is TalTalu- don. Bopaliol, a town of Hindooftan, in Malway, 98 m e by s Ougein. Bopfingen, a town of Suabia, on the river Eger, 19 m nw Doiiawert. Bopparti a town of France in the department of Rhino and Mofeile, late- ly of Germany, in the eledlorate of Treves; feated at the foot of a moun- tain, near the Rhine, 8 m & Coblent?; Borahs, a- town ot Sweden, in W Gothland, 38 m E Gotheburg. Borburaio ; fee Porto Cabello- Borch, a town i.n Upper Saxony, ii\ the duchy of Magdeburg, on the river Elbe, 14 m NE Magdeburg. tiorcliloeHf a town of the Nether- lands, in the territory of Liege, 15 m NW Liege. Bordentoivn, a town of New Jerfey, in Burlington county, on the w fide of the Delaware, at the influx of Crofs- wick creek, 6 m below Trenton, and 23 K£ Philadelphia. Borg, a town of Denmark, the chief place in the ifland of femero^ with a jv.. *• \i' If ,i ■» ' m '.''Hi i ) . I ^ BO R ijrt, on Fcmern found L.on. n <, Rj iat. 54 )5 N> Lcriro, a town of Sweden, in Ny« Innd, and a biiliop'a Ire ; ti-nii-d m':ir tin- gnUof I'inlatid, on a riviv ti.iviga- hli- tor (mall vcHolb, 24 ni kne HlIIiu- fors. liort^o St. Doniito, a town of Italy, ill the dnciiy of Piacon/;i, featid on the Stironc, i8 m svv Pi.iccnza. Horcro di "/. Se/io/cro, a town of Tiilcatiy, in Fit)rontiiio, with a tort, fcati'd near tlie lourct" of the Tiber, n in M. Arcz/o. llortrofortcA town of Italv,in Manfii- an, oil the livcr I'o, at the iiifiux of the Oplia, 10 n» 8 M.inaia. L'or,v/, a town of Spain, in Ar.igon, in a fruitful ipot ni-ar Mount Cayo, 4: m vv N w Siir.igon'a. Lorjn, a town of Ptrii, in the au- dience of Quito ; fituate on the head waters of the river Amazon, 300 m e by N Paita. Lon. 76 36 vv, l.it. 415 s. Boriqutfi, an ifland in the W Indies, near Porto Rico. It is uninhabited, thotiph fertile, and the vpatcr pood. Here is a great number of land crabn, whence Ibme call it Crab IHand. Lon. 66 o w, Iat. 18 o N. Borijbnuy a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Miiifk, with a bridge over the Berezina. This pals was potreflcd by the Frrnch in 1812; but on Novem- ber 21 the Uuflian army, that was on its return fiom the Danube, took the bridge by ftorm and 3000 prifoners : three days after the Trench attempted to recover the bridge, but were rtpull- ed. It is 36 m KNfc Minik. Borkelo, a ftrong town of Iloiland, in the county of Zulphcn, rtmaikablo for having been the i'uKjert of two wars; one in 1665, againtt the bifhop of Mun- ft(.r,and the other with France, in 1672. It u fcatcd on the river Borkel, 15 m ENr Zutphen. for ken, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of Murder, with a colle- giate church, feattd on the Aa, 3H m w Munfter. Bormio, the capital of a county of its name, on the confines of Tyrol, lately fiibje(ft to the Grilbns, but now annexed to the kingdom of Italy. About a mile from tlie town are medicinal baths. It is feated at the foot of the mountains, on the Frcdulfo, Jiear its conflux with the Adda, 40 ra se Colre. Lon. 10 20 E, ht. 46 17 N. Borna, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, with a manufafture of ftnffs ; feated near the Pleyfle, 13 m ese Leip- MC. BoTHto, an idand in the Indian ocein, no II difcoverrd by the Portngucfe in i5tf. Ii \% of an oval figure, (;oo in long and ftoo broad. The Inland country I* mountainous; but toward the fca low and ni.irdiy ; efppcially on the northern lidc, wlirrc it is coveted with foreds of large trees, wbieh penetrate for fcores of miles towardsthe centre of the ifland. It produces rice, pepper, fago, dia- monds, gold, pearls, canort, bgr,ipes, apricots, pomej'raiiates, lemons, limes, and melons. 'I'he mott villi, d)le tree is called Redcynah, in form and height like an olive, th>' leaf reli'tnbling that of a lemon, and bearing 1 nut, the kernel and fliell of which arc; m great ellimation ; the firft as a fruit, ihf lall on account of the oil it pro- iliicta. Ilorli's, afTes, mules, dogs, hei'ves, goats, fhcep, and camels ,(the ficlh of which is much eftcemed) are the common animals. Bt.es are fo nu- merous, that the wax is ol't'n thrown iway as an article of no value. The game confifti of partridges, wild ducks, .And oilrichcs, the flefli of which is prized above every other. The other animals are the lion, leopard, civet cat, wolf, fox, elephant, buffalo, antelope, and cameleopardalis ; and there are many fnakes, Icorpions, centipedes, and toads. The complexion of thi.* natives isblack; but they are not of the Negro caft. The drel's of the greater part confiftsof fhirts of blue cotton manu- iailiired in the country, of a red cap brought from Tripoli, and a white muTiin turban from Cairo. Nofc-rings of gold are worn by the principal peo- p'f. But the only covering of the poorer fort is a kind of girdle for the waill, In tiicir manners the people are courteous and humane: they are pal- lionately fond of play; the lower clafles of draughts, and the higher excel in chefs. More than 30 different lan- g'Mges are faid to be (poken in Bornou and its dependencies ; and the reigning idigion is the Mohamedan. The mo- narchy h eledtive. On the death of the lovereign, the privilege of choofing a fiicceffor from among his fons is con- fwrcd on three perlong, whole age and ehnrnft^r forwilUom are denoted hv rtie title of ciders. I'lie I'llf.in is (aid to hav«» 500 ladicR in hit (t'ragliu; and that hit Itud likcwile contains 300 hoi lis. Hit dominions extend beyond the delert into the fertile country of Ncgroland, o. which he pofllHib a large portion. He has a vaft army, which conllfts al- mod entirely of horle : the (abre. pike, and bow, art their we.rporg of offenc , and a (liield of hides is their armour. Bornou, the capital of the empire of the f.ime name, vviih a pai.ice lil:e a citadel. Tin- whole city i» I'urroiiiided by a high wall, encoinpal)''tl with a ditch ; but the other towns (;t the king- dom aiv open. The princip.d trade ia in gold dud, fiavcs, horfes, odricheH feithers, flit, and ci/et. It is ftaled o;i tlie Ga/el, 750 m i-nk Crflli-.a. Lou. i,j $ R, lat. 1945 N. Uoroili.io, a villape of Ruffia, In the government of Mofcow, on the river Kaloya, whicli Hows to tiio Mofkwa, 8 \n w by N Mojailk. Here, on Sept. 7, 1812, was a gieal battle between the Rnflians, under prince Kutufolf, and Vw French, under Bonaparte ; the for- ntiiv lod upward of 25,000 men, and the French a far greater number, with above io.ooo horfes : Imth fides claim- ed the vitftory, but the French retreated from the fichl. tlorouf^hbridget a horough in N Tt brk- fliire, with a market on Saturday, and a trade in hardware. Here Edward n, in 1322, defeated the rebel earl of Lan- cufler. It is feated on ilie Ure, over which is a done bridge, 18 m n w York, and 206 N by w London. Bo>riano,wn is the Mail, a beautiful public walk; and oppolite it, on l)eacunklin jomp.iir* I of Iwpf* c of the il public »con-hill, 'he ftteets Lt extend- iwnhoiili*. ; wrlliip, letiomiiia* iporti'd at ro eU'gint .hich have HVIh. One cr Hridgc, •|\oii i iiul idgc, 348,1 >r'ulgf. In (ilants Will d to hi- up* gn .'lid do- ;rablc ; and } conlift of rdage, btcr, obaccoi and (lands in the id corn, and ^f rtfoit in ,ut'. In the the firft hof- 75, between )op» of tlie icuHted thi" m NE New . 18 N. n in Leicef- Wedntfday. the famous and the earl [eniy vii,in crown and 13 mw Lei* ion. lew S Wales, 770, and fo itity of herbs iromontoritJ ave named lolandt-r. It a colony of |iiu which, in [\)rt Jacklbn, on. 151 2iB» inand, in the af New Cale- It. za a; s- Titfolk, with a ed in a Talky* bidon. nor KothHhi, Ha/l, a piovincr of Sweden, In Finland, on the t. iid<- of the (jiilf of Botl'iii^, bctwi'i'n the provinces ot Kimi Miitl Finland I'roper and Uufli.i. It ii ^00 m in lcti}(th, an«l from 40 to aio in breadth. On thr fcMOiall, and to* vvird the H,thf land is low and ni.irniy ; and the fummfrs an- oft«'n fo colil a 1 to deltroy great part of the cmps. The inh. kbit. nits arc thinly (i)r(Md(iv^r thiit liri;«' fpace, llu? cattit Imall, atul bean iinnKiouu. 'Ihe principal export** arc timlKT. i)Utter, whale oil, pitch, and tav. This province b fome litnei called Cajaiii. The capital is UliMb'tr^. Hot/inin, ff'f/i, a pfovincc of Swidcn, in Nordland, on the w conll of the yrnlf of Bothnia. It is 230 m in Icni th, be- tween the ftacoalt and Swcdilh Lip- Inul, anil from 15 lo ?o in bre.vlth. Tlic foil ii t(»lerably ftrtilc, but iiidden froftu ill July often dclkroy the crops; and it has mines of copper and iron, and nnmeioi;^ forefts. The chief ar- ticli s ofiomnurceaic the (kins ot foxes, crniiiies, bears, wolves, riiiidecr, otters, &c. The 'pitai is lima. Bjt/inia, GuZ/of, n fea or largi^ gidf, briuicliing n fronn the I5altic, at the .(le of Aland, and bounded on the w, n, .mid t by the dominions of Sweden. On its coalls are many i'lnnll ifl.ind:*. Botkify a vill.ngo in Hampfhirc, 6 m E Southampton, on the river Han\ble, noted for a confulcrable trade in flt)ur. BoUesford, a village in LeicclterJhire, on the confines of Nottinglnmlhirc and Jancoli,. .ire, 7 m w by n Giaiitfiam. Near it, on a lofty eminence, is Bolvoir caftle, the ancient feat of the dukes of Kiitiand. In the church are fever;.-! mo- numents of that noble family ; and many Roman antiquities have been found in the neighbourhood. Botivar, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtembcrg, on a river of the famt^name, 15 m sse Hailbron. B9tze»y or Soltano, a town of Ger- many, in Tyrol, capital of the diftrid ot Etichland, with a caftle. It is cele- brated for its excellent wine, and has fuur noted annual fairs, frequented by great numbers of Germans, Swifs, and Italians. It Hands on the Eifack, furrounded by mountains, 1% m sw Brixon. Lon. 11 15 E, lat. 46 3a n. Bova, a town of Naplei, in Calabria Ultra, ao m b K Reggio. Bouc/iaitiy a fortified town of France, in the department of Nord, divided into two parts by the Scheldt. It was taken by the allies in 17 11, but retaken the I year foUowiDg ; and was invelled by the no u Anllrians tn i7(u, but loon relieved. It i. i;m w ValencienneH. UoHchartt a town of France, in the di partnient of Indit and Loire, litiiatw on ,\r\ ill.tiid in the river Viennc, 15 m bsw 'J\)urii. Boufhemaint a town of Franrc, in the department of Mayeiuic and Lol.Cf 4 m a Anger-*. Buuclunsy a town of Franci-, in the dtp ntment of Doubt, 8 ni k Beian(;on. Houdry, ,\ town of SwilTerlaiu!, in the County of Neuch.itcl, 4 m aw Neu- chatfl. Bo-vflltt, a town of Francr, in the department of Soinme, 6 m wiw A- miens. Bovif^nes, a town of the N;*therlands, in Namur, on the river Mcufe, 10 m s Nainiir. i>oiii//ont a town of the Nt thcrlandi, in Luxemburg, with a cali^U-, on an almolt inacceflible rod.-. The French to>ik it in 1676, when Lewis xiv gave it to the duke of DouilL)n. In 1794 it was taken by (form, by i' .u-ral Beau- lieu, after defiatir;,' a b' ily ..f French rcpiililic.m^, and given up to pillage. It is featcd near the Scmoy, 6 m nne Se- dan, and 46 w by N Luxemburg. Lon. 5 ao t, lat. 49 45 ^^ Bouilly, a town of France, in the dc- pHrltncilt of Aube, 7 m b Tioyes. Bcvino, a town of Naples, in Capita- rata, at the foot of the Apennines, 15 n\ NE Hcnevenio. Boiilaj/, a town of France, in the de- partment of M,)felle, 13 m NE Metz. f.ouli\^ne, a feaporl of France, in the d< partment of I'as de Calais, lately an epifc'pal fee. It il divided into two towi. , the higher and the lower. The harbour has a mole for the fafety of the Ihips, and to prevent it from being choked up. It is feated at the mouth of the Lianne, 14 m ssw Calais- Lon. I 37 E, lat. 50 44 N. Bourbon^ an ifland in the Indian ocean, 60 m long and 45 broad, lying 300 m E Madagafcar. It has not a fafe harbour, but there arc many gojd roads for fhipping. On the se is a volcano. It is a fertile ifland ; producing, in par- ticular, excellent tobacco. The French fettled here in 1671, and have fome confiderable towns ; and here their Iiidia (hips ufed to touch for refrefli- ments. It furrendered to the Englilh in 1 8 10. The chief town is St. Denys. Lon. 55 ao e, lat. ao 5a s. Bourbon, a town of Kentucky, chief of a county of the fame name. It (lands on a poiat of land formed l?y two of the 'f,^- m M h i^ i > vi 1 Hi ^f '■'Iff & branchei of the Licking, ao tn >mk LcxiiiKtwH. Bourbon laiHfy, .1 town of France, in thi* clrp.irttncnt of Saonr ;inct r.oiro, ce* Irbr.itril lor it 4 lud iiiinir.tl u. iters, ;in() x Inr^tc m.'trt)le navrmtiit, calli'dllic Ort.Mt Bath, which is a worli of the Komitis. It in iH m »\v Autuii. Bourbtn r Art/iamhiiud, .1 town of France, irithi* d«p,irtn»cnt of Allicr, rr- lebratcd for itsliot bathii, nndfur ){ivin^ name to the family uf thr late king of France. It is litu:itc mar the river Alirr, I J ni w Moiiiiiiii. Hcurhunne Us lUiins, a town of I'r.inr.e, in thf* drpartmcrit of Upper Marni*, f.i- nious tur its hot bathrt, i8 ni KNt: L.tti« grci. Bourl'o/tKois, a l.itc province of France, bounded on tlic n by NiviTiiuis and Merry, w by IJcrry and Marclic, s by Anvergnc, and k |)y Uurgiindy and Fore/. It abounds in corn, fruit, p;if. tnre, wood, gninc, and wine. It now forms the dipartiin-nt of Allier. Bourbourg, a town of France, In llic department of NortI, fcattd near th« river Au, and on a canal that commu- nicates with Calais and l^unicirk, lo m sw Dunkirk. Bourdeanx^ a city .ind fe.iport of France, capital of the d. p.irtini-nt of Gironde, and an archiepilcopal fee. Jt has a univerlity, an acidcmy of artsnnd icienceH, a public lilji-iry, and a Inrgc bolpital, in which arc mar.y maiuifac- turcs. The city is bnilt in tho form of a bow, of which the river fiaropne is the ftriti^; ; at\i the harbour is I.Tue, with grand atid i'xtenlivr quays. It lias 12 .tfates, and is dernud the fv.cond eity in France for m ignitmle, riches, and po- pulatioi!. Tt'f c thfdral ii niiich a('- mired. The cilllf, call 'd the Trum- pet, is furiounilcd by tic vivtr ; and near anoilit-r c.iil't ari- hue walks. The moft rem irUallc antiquities are the pa- lace of Gain 1111=, buiii like an aiTir)>ii- theatre, and Icvcra! aquidiif'is. It has a coididcrahlc trade, i);nticijlarly in clarel and brandy. Ileic Etlwanl the black prince, of I'lntjlaiid, refilled ieve- ral yearn, and his ton, atttrward Ri- chard II, was born. It is 87 m s Ro- chelh", and .]25 sw Paris. Lon. o 34 w, lar. 44 r^o N. Bourdines, a town of the Netherlands, in Namtir, 5 m s'w Iluy.' Bu!ir\f, a city of France, capital of the deparniRMit of Ain. Near it is the mag- nificent church and monallery of the Auguftins. The principal commerce is in cum, liorfes, cattle, and white l<'ather. It Oindi in a marfhy but tfi ■ tilt* C'>iaitry, on the river Krdbutre, it m NK Lyon, and Jijj tiii Pant. Lon 5 ig k, Idt. 46 1 1 H. Bourjf, a town of Fr.incr, In the de- f>.irtmci;i of (tiriiiide, with .1 tide h.ir Kiiir on the Dordottnc. ni tr the pdint of land formed by the jun.;iioii of^thif river with the (» ironne. It hai .1 ^rrtt trade in wine, unci iu 15 ni n by k llour. dcaux. Bi>urj(, a town of Gti.iyait.i, in th« ilhnd uf ('aycnnc. Lun. 5a jo %v, Ut. Hourjf d'Oi/iint, .1 town of Frunre, '\r, the department of I fete, fcaied on tlie Uomaiiche, jo m r.%K Orcnohle. Botir-rnnm/, a town <»f Fr.«ncf, in tlic department of Crrnle. Here ii a loffj- tower, faced with (tones cut diamoixl- wi(e, eredleil by '/.ilim, brother of Hi. j.l/.ct u, cmpcTor of the Turkh, wIkh he wa^ obliged to exile himli If, .iftfr the K)fa of a deciiivc battle. Uoui^m- neuf \s lt!ated on the Tauriou, :o m ni Lin)t)ge8. Bouri^es, a city of Fr.»nce, capital of tlie department of Cher, and an archi- epi(i;(>pal fee, with a univeifity, Ibiind. ed by Lewis xi, the Nero v{ rraiicc, who was born here. In extt-nt it is one of the j^rc.itill cities in Fr:ince, but the iiilnbitants hardly exceed ao.ooc. The principal manufadlurcs are cloth, wool- i'.n llull'!, and (lockings; butthetrKle is incoiiliderable. It is feitcd at tlie conflux of tlie Auroti and Y»,vie, ^5 m Nw Ncvera, and 125 s Paris. Lon. 2 24 K, lat. 47 5 N. Bou>_iri'i, a town of Savoy, on a lake of the fiine name, neir the Rhone, 6 m n Chamberry. Boiirtrnftify a feaport of France, in thr department of lower Loire. The chief trade ih in fait, made from tho alj iccnt falt-marlhes. It (lands on a bay to which it gives name, between the ille of N'»ir- montier ..nd the continent, 20 m sw Naiitcs. Lon. 2 .^ w, lat. 47 4 n. Bourgtuil, a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, 22 m w Tours. Hourmont, a town of Fr.ince, in the department of Upper Marne, on afteep mountain, 20 m k by n Chaumont- Bourn < a town in Lincolnihire, with a market on Saturday. It has a naviga- ble canal to Holton, and is feated at the (ource of a rivulet that flows to Spald- ing, 35 m s Lincoln, and 97 N London. Bouro, one of the Molucca iflnnds, between Celebes and Ctram, 90 m lon? and 30 broad. Some mountains in it nit ft ■ iiir.-, \* i.tiii ranee, in the 'I hf chiff ).iy tovvhtcU illc of N'>ir- t, 20 m sw 17 'V N- , iiiicc, m tbc ,oire, 22 mw ,T-nce, in ^^^ ne, onafteep launnont. olnllure, with h38 u naviga- sfeatedatthe 0W8 to Spald- 07 N London. lucca ifl^"J8» am, 90 m Ions: lOuntainB in n BO X arr extremely h ^h. nnd ttic &n on one futt iiiiiK'omiiuMi'ydicp It pr.ul.icri iiUKiU'K'* ■oil) clovt •), rociKi ami h.iii.in.i tneii atui tiuuy viifct.iblt't iiilriuliu'cd by tlie Dutch. Ttic chii»f Itivvii it «if ihc fanu' natnr, all'u c.ilird Cajfli, from thf bay oti u'hiti) it i« Ic.ittd. I.()n. u; j^K, lat..j \» >«. Bourt/ttj, a I ')wn of France, In l d«'- nartment uf i'.iH dc Cabi:i| i> m >)K Houlognc llniijflv, a town of Fiance. In tlic dc partiiit'iit of Ctrid'i-, witli a caltic on a rock, i^y in Nr (Micnt. r,chtoii,o\\f of tlic Molucca iflandi, in the Indi.iii ociMi), 12 ni -^k Cclcbci. Lon. l:,i lo r., Lit. ^ o x. P.nittnnvi/tf, .1 town of Fr.tnce, In the tirpaiinuhl of Moii'llc, on the river Nicd, 1; m NK M«|/. How, a town in U^^'V. iilliirr, with a mukct on 'lli'iiUliy ; ri.ittd at tlur lonrcc of a rivti, whicli flow* into the T,iw, 14 m Nw LxcUT, aid i!l8 w by h London. I'.ow, .T viJlaRcin Mlddlcftx, a m knf. London. It han many tnilU, mamilac* lures, nnd diftillfrii'«, on the river Lv:\, ovi-r which is a briilijc, faid to hv the lirft Itoiu' uni' built in EnKJand.and that iVom itM arciics titc village received the nami' of How. Ccavy an ifiand in the Pacific ocean, about ,10 m in cireumferciice. I. on. 141 10 w,lat. iH 2^ s. bowiifj, a villane in Wcftmorl.ind, on the K lide of WindermiTc- water, 9 IT. w by N K» l4t. 4K tradfitld, M town In KlT'cx, with « m«iKrl III' T''iirfiJ.iy, fi iifil mi ehc rivrr hluKw.i r* 16 m N ChtliUaloril, •lui 44 MM» l.oiuton hr,m/orJ, « limn in WiUniire, with • m •rkii i>ri Nlonttay It 11 tlic c«*ntrr of Mir j'rr it. l\ t'.cbric i>( fiiprrrinr clt»th« in i'.t gl.iiitl. It (I •n(i» un ilic i'ulc of .1 rocky l*iill. ott the Avon, 10 m k by w W airnlhftfr, anil 100 W I <.euf«>ii. luti.ij'.rd, .1 i«i\Mi in W Yiiikfliirf, will .iitarlrlon Thiitfd.ty. Itht^a C.11111I, whii li li it l.nnih from the Lfiiii Miul I ivrrpnol. 7'hc manuij^tiirciiare t.imniiiii, ctlamnni-iiii, wnollcn riothi, we'll (muIk, combu, and Icitlicr bi>X)'ii ; iiikI in the vicinity ii a cnpital iron foiiiulrry. ' 'he number of irhabituntu MrtB 6.19,) in i8ui, .uul 77^7 in itiii. It iit 10 m w I,irdi,3nil ii^6 nnw Lon* dun. Brndfordt a town of MaflTaclinfrti, In I'.diA fdiiiily, vvherr fomr vi'IFcIh arc tiiiiit, ;iti(l llioet m.MJc for «'xpinvciitii. Here ar»' fonu' ruins of an amphimcatrt', and an aiyi» and u Jnincil cking. It l» fi^fttrd on Ihr riv»r Hhekwulif, 11 m n by ■ ChctntaforJ, anil 40 NK London. liriUHlrf*, a t iwn of MalTicbufet*, In iNurfoik county, the birthplace ot John Ati.inm, the Ht(l vicpri iittrnt . .uul the ftCMiid pff li.lrnt of tne United St itr«. It i» fc.iti d on .1 bay. Kin « by » Hufllun. hnih/, a UiHuof WiApbalia, in Ihr ririncip-ilityot P.idrrbom. on the rivulet Irught, 1^ III y P.ideiborn. Initio, a tnoiint.iiii of the Atpit, in the canton of Oriloni, which ftpi. rAtei the vallry of .Munitcr from tlic county of Boiinin. U in .'uppofed toU' the fame that T.«citu* mcntuins under tli«r name of Jug.i Khctica- Brantiint, a town of Savoy, on th«> river Arc, ao ui k hi. Jean de Mauri* cnnc. llritmber, a borough In SnfTcX, which ii now wuhout cilJicr market or lair; I'eated on the Adui. adjoinliiK to the « of Steynii'.g, ;, 1 m s by W London. Bniuifilou, a town in Cumberland, with a mirlut on Tuefday. On the top of a liiKh hill \% a fortified trench, cdlcd the Aiole. It is feated on the Itiliii'g 9 m RNKCirlifle, and 31 1 mmw London. Brum)!. ,lt% a town of Lower Saxony, in IlollUiii, near wliit h i< \ tnedi'.'inal f;jriiij(. I' '\<\ featej on the Uram, ti m N' tl.imbtirg. Bronniv, a town of Bulieinia, witli a manulaclure of coloured cluth, ti m NW Gl.ity,. BtdHtaltmif, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra. 9 m he Mova. Brancajier, a village in Norfolk, ^ m w by N Burnham. It was the ancient Branodunum, a confiderable Homaii city, and has now a great tr.ide in malt. Brtintleij,3L town of liohcmia, on the river r.lbe, ioiunk Prague. BrcinJfuburjf, a mar()uifate of Ger- many, in the circle- of Upper Saxony; bounded on the w by Luneburg. n by Pomeraiiiaand Mecklenburg, K by Po' land, and s by Silella, Lulatia, S.ixony Proper, and Magdeburg. It is divided] into live parts : the Old mark, tlie mark of Pregnitz, and the Middle, Ucker, andj New mark } ami their chief townsi arc Stendal, Perleberg, Brandenburg, Prenzlo, and Cuflrin. The principal ri- vers arc the I'.lbe, Havel, Spree, Uckcr^ Oder, and VVartc. The country is ir general landy, and the foil meagre; buj It produces Ibme corn, and abounds ii^ wood, wool) iron, flax, hemp, hopi and fnharcix uiti'bii.inii «^ P'pirti .If,. t„|, pit.il. pifal of ij„. ivi •>"'». It Ik ,1, new town, |,y '••P«ratfi n,e f, F'-nch refu;:eei Intrcxfucrd ,f,,.jr drred it » „^,f " ♦" I'y • iWli,, ony.lnMecmn.i, '" •>/ walU. 7'li ftraiKht. the thg larfe rtruetiire, t ^}»}^y of n..tia. lollenlec, 7, m , prandenhuri;, ,\ »vitli an anci.'iit c of the Friich II.-,/) org. Brandon, a tow market on Friday /■ittle On/,.., „ver w one mile below \% ., ?omthen J -i to that of the ri «-Hdofj,oom,and 5' »o 1000. it vv '500. by .Alvarez Cab ^h'Mvas tore,.,! upo, 0' l-rafil wu(,d found ?"^*' have not pc, ;.;-7"t-y; but the «;ran,.an, S,,.,, RjP £'■'»*• ^'^■'"'"nbu .7 • B-«y. Ilhros, w .P"" 1*411^ ^JM ntf U (t*. in John ml X^f St itr%. lulUin kit lb« rivulet ktp)t« ill \ l«pi- OIU ttiC ti\ tolK• • Mauri* X, which or fair-. ; to the • iilon. ubtrl.intl, On the Lil trench, :'»l Ui.irt»i II a, with .» jth, 11 »n N.ipl*'»i in folk, ^m he ancu'nt lie in inalt. x\\A, «JU the t,' of Gcr- •r Saxony; nil A and tntMiCCO. Thr Krr4lr(t pfrnt of tht inh'hil.inu nrc Litthcmn* i Itiit iht ujpifti »rr tulcratcil. Ikriiti i« the c«* plt.1l. lirtinJtulfHrfh A city nf Gcrm.iny, ci* (tiirg. It ii« ilividrd into thr ol«l a\m\ new town, by the river ILivd, which fi-p4r.tlri the foit front both. Some I'li-nch refuse''*, h^viiiK lcttlc«l hrtr. iotriMtncrd (hfir mani|f;tdure», aiui rcti« ilrrrti it a .)ror|)crnu« pUct. It i« \x ni w hy » iWrlin. Lun. la 46 K, lit. 5) llr(inJtnburt(, A town of Lower 8.ix« ony. ill Mi*cktniburi(Stirlilz, furrouiul- rd l)y w.illit. The llrctti utr wide 4nil llr.iight, th<> church of St. M.iry id a |jrf«> ilriK^hire, and tite townhokilc i« woithy of notice. It 1) ittuatir un the lolh-nrcci 7a m N llcrl'n. Luit. ij ao ». I»t Si .U w. BratiJanhury, .1 town of IC Pruflll, with iin uncii lit catllr, at the mk ind uf the Frilch Il.-ifl', ij in »w Konigl* birj?. Brandon, a town in SuflDlIc, with .1 market on Fiiilay. It llnids on the I.ittic Onfc, over wliich in a bridge, and one mile below in .t ferry for conveying g(K)dii to 'ind from the illc of Ely. It h.i8 a grc.it trade in corn, malt, coal, timlMT, cVc. and in the vicinity are ex- itnftvo rabbit warrenn. It is 15 tn N by w Uury, and 78 nnk London. lirtinford,\ town of (onneflicut, in Ncwhavcn county, which has many iron works in its neiphbourhuod. It (tandg ona river of the Time name, which riina inU) Long inaiul loiiixi, 10 m v. New- hivcn, and 40 s by w II utford. Branjka, a town of Trinfylvania, on the river .Merilh, 35 m s WpiflTcmburg. Hrnjil^ a country of S America, which gives the title of princr to the htir apparent of the crown of Poittigal. ill Icn^'.h, from the mouth oti^ the river Para to ihiit of the river Fl.ita, is up- waiduf iioo m, and its breadth is from 90 to looo- It was difcovcred in 1500, by .\lvarez Cabral, a Portuguefe, who was forced upon it by a tcmpcit ; ind it h.'u! its name from th adorn themlelves with feathers, and arc fond of fcafts, at which they dance im- moilcr.itely. They have no temples, nor any other fign of religion ; and they make no manner of (i:ruple to marry their ncareft relations. They have htitl made of the branches of trees, and co- vered with palm leaves. Their furni- ture conlills chiefly in their hammocks, and dilhes, or cups, made of calibaOies, painted without of a red colour, and black withtn. Their knives are made of a (brt of (lone and fplit canes \ and they have balkets of difTcrent lizes, chiefly made of palm leaves. Their prms are bows, arrows, and wooden clubs. When they travel, they fallen their hammocks between two trees, and deep all night therein. The capital of the Portugucfc fcitlcmenti is St. Sebaf- tian. Brajlawf a city of Lithuaniai in the !ii \ >^ . l:^^ t^ BRA palatinate of W'lna, on the n fide of a lake which communicatt's with the Dwina, 76 m nne Wilna. Lon. 26 48 B, lat. r,^ 46 N. Brajf, one of the Shetland iflands, four mili-s long and two hroad. He- twccn tliis and the ptiiicipal illand> caU- «d Mainland, is the noted Hralla Sound, where rooo iai! may at once hnd com- modious n\ooring. See Lerivick- Bra/faw, or (JrofijfaJt, a ftrong town of Tranfylvania, on thp riv»;r Bure/el, 50 m E. by N Hermanlladt. Lon. 25 55 t, lat. 49 J. 5^- Bra/j Toiurif a town of Tenneflee, iituatc near the fourcc of the Iliwafle, about 100 m s Knoxvillc Two m s of this town is the linchantcd Moun- tain, much famed for the ciiriofuies found on its rocks, which confift of imprcflions refembling the tracks of turkies, bears, horfes, and human beinga, as perfi-cfl as they could be made on fnnw or fimd. Erutthborougl!, a town of Vermont, in Windham county, on the river Con- ne(5licut, 40 m e Bennington, and 90 WNW Boflon. Bro'va, a U.-aport on the coafl: of Ajun, v?ith a good harbour, 90 m sw Ma- gadoxo. Lon. 43 25 e, lat. i ?.o i:. Bniva, .jUi? of tiie Cape Verd iflands, la m wsw of Fuego, and inhabited by the Portuguefe. The land is high and mountpinons, but fertile ; and horfes, beeves, aflVs, and hogs, are nnmcrous. It has three harbours, but ?ono Fi'rreo on the s fide is the befl. for large Ihips. Lon. 24 39 w, lat. 14 5a n. Brauhach, a town of Germany, in Wclterwald, with acaille, feattd on the Rhine, 8 m w by s Nairau. Braimau, a fortified town of Bavaria, formerly the refidence of the eledtcr. In I74Z it was taken by the Auftrians ; and, in i779» ^y ^^e peace of Tefchcn, the town and its diftrift were ceded lo Auftria. In i8o.? it was captured by the French and Bavarians. It is leated on the river Inn, z'A m sw Paflau. Lon. i3 o E, lat. 48 14 N. Brawjfils, a town of Germany, in Wefterwald, capital of the county of Solms. Here is a magnificent palace, the feat of the prince of Solms-Braun- fels ; and near it is the decayed caftle of Solmf. It is feated near the Lahn, 10 m w by s Wetzlar. Lon. 8 18 k, lat. 50 30 N. braunjburgi a town of W PrufTia, in Ermeland. It has an academy for catho- lics, eftablifhcd in 1783 ; and is feattd •n the Palfarge) near its entrance into BR E the Frifch Ilaff, 18 m ne Elblng. Lor* 19 53 K, lat. 5^ 30 N. ^ braunpoH^ a village in Northampton- fliire, 4 m nw Daventry, on the con- lines of Warwick'liire. Here com- mences the Grand .luiKtiuti canal to the ThamcH, which, with the Oxford and Coventry canals, render it the cen- trical place of inland navigation to the four principal fcaports of England. Brat/, a town uf Ireland, in the county of Wicklow, on tie river Bray, near St. Georg'j channel, iz m ssk Dublin. Brny, a village in Berkfhire, one m s Maidenhead. It is famous in fong for its vicar, who was twice a papiit and twice a proteftant, in four fucctf- fxve reigns, and when taxed with being a turncoat, faid, he always kept to his principle, ' to live and die vicar of Bray.' Brnzza, an ifland in the gulf of Ve- nice, near the coalt of Dalmatia, 30 m long and lo broad. The foil is (tony, but it product's much excellent wiiic, and this article, with fire-wood and flieep, form the chief trade. It has a town of the fume name. Lon. 17 35 e, lat. 43 io N. Brechin, a borough of Scotland, in Forfarlhire, anciently t bi'hop's lee and the county town. The cathedral is partly ruinous, but one of its aides ierves for the parilh church. At the NE corner of the cath.-diil (lands a fquare tower, 120 feet high, built nt the fame time with the church ; and at the Sw corner is a curious antique round lower, 103 feet high, which tapers from tlie bottom, and is very flender in pro- portion to its height. Here are manu- favlures of canvas, linen, and cotton, and a confiderablc brewery. The num- ber of inhabitants was 5466 in i8oi,and 5559 in 18 1 1. It is feated on the S Ellc, 8 m w Montrofe, and ii ene Forfar. Brecknock, or Brecon, a borough of Wale?, capital of Brecknockfliire, with a marltet on Wednelday and Saturday, and on Friday for cattle. It is an an- cient place, as appears by the Roman coins that are otten dug up ; and its once magnificc;\t caftle id now an infig- nificant ruin. 1'; containsthree churches, one of which is, collegiate ; and in that j part of the town called the Watton isa fine arfenal. It has a good trade in clothing. The number of inhabitants) was 25)6 in 1801, and 3196 in 1811. To the K of the town is a confiderablcj lake, well ftored with fifh, whence runij a rivulet into the Wye ; and to the s ?.rej lofty mountains called the Brecknocli Bpacond, the nominated C; nioiintiin In feattd on the with the Uflc and 171 why I lat. 51 54 K. Brecknockjhi hounded on th .^io^mou h/hir y hy Carnart ""'Ue, and n b "' '""g ana 467,84a acres; «lii., but was fold to the cle(flor oi Ilanuvci in 1719. Stadc is the feat tifregtney. Brcmi-n, a city i)f Lower Saxony, capital ot the ducliy of the fame name. The Wtfer divitlis it into the old and new town, both of which are fortified : lite former is the largelt, and in it (lands the Crithedial. It has a harbour, 9 m below the town, and carries on an cxteiilive trade. In 175? it was taken by the French, wiv.' w. re driven out in 1758 by tl-.e Ilanovirians. In i8io it became fubjeii^ to France. It is 32 m E Oldenburg, and 6a wnw Zell. Lou. 8 40 E, lat. 5.5 5 N. hrcm''fiv'3rd, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Bremen, defended by a caft'.e. The chancery of the duchy is kept here. It ftands near the Ofte, 32 m N by E Bremen. Bremj^artcn, a town of Swiflerland, in the free lower bailiwics, between the cantons of Zurich and Bern. The in- habitants deal chiefly in paper. It is feated on the Reufs, 10 m w Zurich. Breiifj, a town of Italy, in Brefciano, feated on the Oglio, 36 m n Brcfcia. Brent at a river which rifes in the prin- cipality of Trent, pafTes by Baflano and Pndua, and enters the gulf of Venice, a little s of Venice. Brentford, a town in Middlefex, with A market on Tuefday. It is feated on the Thames, into which, at the w end of the town, enters the rivulet Brent and the Grand Jundion canal. Here the free- holders of Middlefex eledl the knights of the fliire. It is a long town, divided into old and new Brentford, which laft contains the church and marketplace. It is 7 m w London. Brentzuood, a town in Eflex, with a market on Thurfday, feated on an emi- nence, II m wsw Chelmsford, and iS m ENE London. Brefcia, a city of Italy, capital of Brefci no, and a bifhop's fee. It is well forti.ied, and has a good citadel, which ftands on a rock. The cathedral and the palace are adorned with beautiful paintings, and in the former is ftiown the ftandard of Conftantine. Here are mi! T'V i , 1 ! I* ¥ S ■.' ' fifi m V" URK ffveral nourirtiing mamifa "tircSt and its firt'-arnu arc particular])' celebrated. This city was taken by the French in 1796, retaken by the Auftrians in i;9i;, and again pofTcflred by the French in 1800. Jt is feated on the CJarza, 41 m Nw Mantua. Lon. 10 5 e, Iat.4f 31 n. Brcfc'mno, a province of Italy, bound- ed on the s by Mantua and Cromn- iiefe, wby Bergamafco, n by the country of the Grifbns, and e by the principality of Trent, Veronefe, and Mantuan. It is watered by feveral fmall rivers, and fertile in wine, oil, and maize, with ex- cellent pafturai,es, and fome mines of copper and iron. Brefcia is the capital. BrefellotZ town of Italy, in Modencfc, on the river Po, «; m nw Modena. Brf/lati, a beautiful city, capital of Silefia, and a bifhop's fee. It is feated at the conflux of the Ola with the Oder, the firft of which runs through feveral of the ftrtfets, and forms two idands. It is furrounded by walls, ftrengthcned by ramparts and other works; has a great trade in linen, leather, Hungarian wines, &c. and contains 60,000 inhabitants. The public fquares are fpacious, the ftreets tolerably wide, and tho houfcs lofty. The royal palace was obtained by the jefuits, where tliey founded a univerfity in 170a. The two principal churches belong to the p'rotcftants ; near one of which is a college. This city became fubjedt to the king of Pruflla in 1 74 1. It was taken by the Auftrians in 1757, but regained the fame year. It was for fome time befieged by the French, and furrendered to them in 1787. It is 112 m NE Prague, and 165 N Vienna. Lon. 17 f e, lat. 51 3 n- Brejlet a river of France, which di- vides the department of Lower Seine from that of Somme, and enters the Englifli channel at Treport. Breje, a late province of France, bounded on the n by Burgundy and Franche Comte, e by Savoy, s by Vien- nois, and w by Lyonois. It now forms the department of Ain. Brejuire, a town of France, in the de- partment of Two Sevres, with a college, 35 m Nw Poitiers. Breftt a feaport of France, in the de- partment of Finifterre, with a cattle on a craggy rock by -the feafide. The har- bour, one of the beft in the kingdom, has a narrow and difficult entrance, and both fides well fortified. The ftreets arc narrow, crooked, and fteep. The quav is above a mile in length. The arfenal was built by Lewis xiv, whofe fucccflbr eftablifhed a marine academy; and it hai every accommodation for the navy. BRI The Englifli attempted in vain to tal?e this place in 1694. It is 30 m he Mor- laix, and 325 n Paris. Lon. 4 29 w, lat- 4H 23 N. Hretai^ne, or Britani/, a late province of Fraticp, 150 m long and 112 broad. It is a pcninl'ula, united on the v. to Maine, An}ou, and Poitou. The air is temperate, and it has large forrfls. ft now forms the departments of Finifterre, Cotes du Nord, llle and Vilaine, Lower Loire, and Morbihan. Breteuilt a town of France, in the de. partment of Oife, 14 m nne Beauvis, and 18 s Amiens. Brettuil, a town of France, in the de- partment of Kure, feated on the Iton, 15 m sw Evreux. Brfton, Cape, an ifland of N America, feparated from Nova Scotia by the gut of Canfo. It is no m in length, and from ao to 80 in breadth, but is pene* trated by large inlets of the fea. The country is mountainouj, fubje<5t to fogs throughout the year, and covered with fnow in the winter. In 1745 it was taken from the French by the Englifli ; reftored in 1758, and afterward re. taken; and by the peace of 1763, it was ceded to Great Britain. 1 here is an excellent cod filhery on the coaft. The capital is Louiiburg. Bretten, a town of Germany, in the late palatinate of the Rhine, to m s Heidelberg. Brevordi a ftrong town of Holland, In the county of Zutphen, with a caftle, fituate in a morafs, 24 m se Zutphen. Brewers, a town of the diftrift of Maine, in Wafliington county; feated at the mouth of the Scoodick, in Pafla* maquoddy bay, 25 m nne Machias, Lon. 67 35 w, lat. 44 58 n. Brei(tre, a tf P lit men t of r. ■Ti'i h.is a ran I'lL* Loinp, I,,;, F«i; Orlcois. , ^'vVa St. a f'i'»!:c/hirc,>m f'." file s fiJc o gives n;iine, ar ti-.tcl'" in liprriiig nif»|-«'in/lii|-,.-, w fi'iy. ''iri'l ,1 wool m to the N Is C( on the Ogwoie, a" J i«i w /.ond p>'id^e>iO)tliy a "■'th a market or C'lirchcs, and a ■"""I maintains i« I' V of Oxford. It "'."» vv;ills, and ruiDs. Here are i ['"'■kings, and iro, f«.'i by land and f '« feated on t| bHioufbury, and j] 'i?.^''^'-5=36 .^M'^eto^un, the, Bir bados, fitual ofC;nlii]ebay,u-h cont.iin 500 fiiipsj '?"!. and apt to c| f't)' was burnt do J icTcdalfo greatly bl '"'J '767. Befoietf ijcohoufes; and, f.'"t. The ftreets %h, the wharfs ail and the forts ftront P'^ed. Jt ,s nc 9/0 w, lat. 13 5 Uridgetora^n, a'to^ r of Cumberlar t J °" Cohanz^ ^''adelphia. Lon. ««« A .juX. j^^m In to ta^e n HE Mor- ij. 4 2(; w, N America, a by the gut length, and but 18 pene- le fea. The jbjedt to fog} covered with ,745 it was the Englilh ; afterward rt- C of I763> " am. 1 here is on the coaft. of Holland, in with a caftle, n SE Zutphcn. ^hc diftrift of pounty; feated! dick, in Paffa- NNE Machias. hcftateofNcw] ,ake Oneida, :4 nd 45 "•" ^°^\ n Staffordniire, 'day, lomsbyl / London. Netherlands, ml nthr river Neer.r f France, in the ln8,withacaftk i other fortificaJ lood manna is ga- )inetree. It has id a noble bridgi 3 tn N Embrunj fg of Savoy, nea] rg, fttuat. on . way, except d] BUI the fide of a river, where it ii afccndod by two or time hiiniln-d flcps. Tlie coinaion pin*i:Te from Savoy to Italy is by tlii:; tortr;"^^ Brian I;, a tuvn of RufTii. In the ro- verrinuiit oF Or.l, f.-.itcd on tho Dcfii.i, which hi'c iK'Cfxni's riavigahle, ,o m w by N Onl, and no sR Smolcii(k. Biiare, a town ot' France, in t!ie dc- putment ot Loirot, fcated on the Loin*, aiii] his a r.inal lntwcen that river and tht! Loinp, wvAV Montarpis. It is 40 in f.-SK Orl»;ins. BriJ- St- a vili.ige f)t' Wales, in Pcm- hr()!-.clhiri.','7 m wNw Milford. It flands on the s lide «)f a Piik; h.iy, to wliich it gives name, and had i^)rmeily a great tiMcI'' in herrings. i>r'ulfrend, a town of Wales, in Gla- mor}^;! nlhir(;, witii a market on Satur- diy, and ,1 wo'tlicn mannfadl'.ire. Two m to the N Is Coity cattle. It is feated on the Ogwoie, 7 m wnw Cowbridge, aiiJ liJi w London. r^ridi^enorffi, a borough in Siiropfhire, with a market on Saturday. It lias two churches, and a frcefcKool that fends ■iiui maintains iS fcholars at the univer- liy of Oxford. It was formerly fortified wiih walls, and had a caftle, now in ruins. Here are manufadures of cloth, (lockings, and iron tools ; and the trade hoth by land and water is confiderable. It is featod on the Severn, 33 m se Shrewlbury, and J39 nw London. Lon. ::8 w, lat. 52 36 n. » Ciul^etowti, the capital of the ifland of B irbados, fituate in the inmoft part of Carlille bay, which is large enough to contain 500 iliips, but the bottom is fniil, and apt to cut the c.tbles. This city was burnt down in 1688; and fuf- f(.rcd alfo greatly by fires in 1756, 1766, and 1767. Before tliefe fires it contained ijco houfes ; and it has fince been re- built. The ftreets are broad, the houfes [high, the wharfs and quays convenient, I and the forts ftrong. The church is as lirge as fome cathedrals. Here alfo is a Ifreefchool, an hofpital, and a college; the latter ereded by the fociety for propagating the gofpel, purfuant to the Iwiil of colonel Codrington, who en- Idowed it with acool. a year. The ItOKn had fcarcely rifen from the cala- Inities already mentioned, when it was lorn from its foundations by a hurricane |i 1780, in which many of the inhabitants perifhed. It is now reftored. Lon. f95ow, lat. 13 ,5 N. Mdgetorjutiy a town of JNew Jerfey, iMef of Cumberland county. It is ftuate on Cohanzy creek, 36 m sse BR I BriJjrfloiwtt a town of Maryland, in Queen Ai\n county, on the w fide 6f 'J uckahoc cre'!i HK\. m: m m ^ l''i :t> m : hi; ■ I .fi ■■' '^'■S BUI fulphurcoui rpring ; fcated on the Shan' non, lo m MNE Limerick. Br'uPtK, a towi. of SwifTerland, in ih(; canton of Hern, f.imoui for the chccfe made in its neighbourhood. It is feated on a hike of the fame name (9 m long 4nd 3 broad) 42 m he Bern. BrUtztH \ ff-e M^ritzen. BrietiCt St. .1 town of France, t4- pital of the department of Cotes du Nord, and a bifliop'j fct*, with a fmall harbour. It it fcatcd among hills, near the Englifli channel, 50 m nw Rcnnes. Lon. s 43 w, lat. 4U 31 n. Briejft ^ town of France, in the de- partment of Mofelle, near the river Mr.nfe, urn nw Mctx. Brig ; fee Glmnfordkridge- Brighthtlmjlon, or Br/g/itortt a town on the coaft of Suflex, with a market on Thurfday. It h.is no harbour, and only imall veflTels can approach the fliorc. It was formerly inhabited chiefly by fifher- men ; but having become a place of re- fort for fca-bathing, it has been greatly enlarged by many handfome houfes, with public rooms, hot and cold baths, a theatre, &c. The prince of Wales has here an elegant pavilion and fuperb (tables ; and adjoining is a chapel royal. The church ftands on a hill above the town ; and to the w of it is a chalybeate fpring much frequented. There arealfo a chapel, feveral meeting*houfcs, a Romifli chapel, and a fynagogue. The number of inhabitants was 7339 in 1801, and n,OM in 181 1. Here Charles 11 em- barked for France in 1651, after the battle of Worcefter. It is 8 m sw Lewei:, and 56 s London. Lon. o 6 w, lat. 50 50 N. BrignoUs, a town of France, in the de- partment of Var, famous for its prunes ; feated among the mountains, in j. plea- fant country, 30 m nne Toulon. Brihuega, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, with a manufa(5ture of cloth, and a trade in wool. Here general Stan- hope and an Englifli army were taken prifonerS) in i;i*. It is feated on the Tajuna, 43 m ne Madrid. BriioHf a town of the duchy pf Weft- phalia, on the river Mone, 37 m f. by s Arenfbcrg. Brind^, a city of Naples, in Otranto, and an archbifliop's fee, with a fortrefs- The trade is trifling, and the air un- healthy ; but both are improving by cleaniing the harbour and draining tlie marfhy places. It is feated on the gulf of VenicC} 32 m x Tarento. Lon. 18 15 E, lat. 40 45 N. Brinn ; fee Bruan. lirioiu'.e, a town of France, in the de« « HI partmcnt of Upper Loire. Near it is ^ fmall town called Church UriDuiIe, ok account of a fiunou'i chapter. Biiundc ftands on the Allier, ovit which is 4 l)ridgc of one arch, i7;iirg. It ftand;; on the E fide of the Rhine, 8 m w by s Friburg. Brij'ach, Neiv, a fortified town of France, in the department of Upper Rhine, feated about a mile w of the Aniline, oppofite Old Biif.ich, and 8 m a Col mar. Brifago, a town of Italy, in Milanefc^ on the lake M.igiore, 5ms Locarno. Bri/gau, a territory of Suabia, on tlie E fide ot" the Rhine, which feparates it from France. The chief part hcloDged to the houfe of Auftria ; but by the treaty of Prefburg, in 1805, it wai ceded to the eledtor of Baden, who was formerly poflreflTed of a few places. The chief town is Friburg. Brijlino, a town of Naples, in Capi- tanata, 11 m ssw Manfredonia. Brijac, a town of France, in the de- partment of Mayenne and Loire, feated on the Aubence, 13 ms Angers. Br'ijhl, a city and feaport in Glou- cefterfliire, with a market on Wcdnef- day and Saturday. For wealth, trade, and population, it has long been reck- oned thefecondin the kingdom; though Liverpool now claims the preeminence as a feaport alone. It is feated on the Avon, at the influx of the Frome, 10 m from the entrance of the Avon into the Briftol channel. The tide rifing to a great he'ght in thefe narrow rivers, brings velTels of confideraWe burden to the quay, which extends above a mile along the inner fliores of the Frome and Avon ; but at low water they lie aground in the mud. .Here is a dock which will contain ten large (hips, with a fmaller one above the influx of the Frome. At the mouth of the Avon are feveral dockyards, and a very ex- tenfive floating dock. The city has i2 churches, befide the cathedral, a guild- hall, a cuftomhoufe, and an exchange. The number of inhabitants was 6:5,6451 in 1801, and 76,433 in i8u. Biilloliij a county of itfelf, governed by a mayor,] and has the aflizes held here in th< fpring. Here are no lefs than 15 glafs- houfes ; and the fugar-refinery is one o( its principal manufa(5tures. The Hol| Well, about a mile below the city, 01 thi' lidc of the . ■iiid has ol)tain( coiifutnptivccaf ahove this well, cryftals, lo well of Mriflol ftdfies. iiiKSonthetopo of Clifton, and ii pentry, on aecoi its air. The ci inoliHied long a/ iiiif gate now fta (ledges inllcad ( vaults and comm( iurcd by them. I),ith, ,^4 ssw Gi London. Lon. » Brjjlol, a feapc chief town of a n^inc. It has a < li,irbour; and is noted for garden-fl iiriltol bay, j^ m isK Providence. 41 40 M, Brijhlf a town Bucks county, fi-al :im .ssE Newtow iJi'Ipliia. Srijiol Bay, a ,'. coaft of America, t 1779' Jt opens bel liam on the w, ar Alalkaon the s; an name enters at the ii7 50 w, lat. 58 2^ Britain, or Crea coiifiderableof all t txiending 550 m ^90 from E to w. France, from whicii the Englifli channel, was .Albion, whic' gave way to that of' VIS known to Juliusj ral diviflon of the H England, and Britain, New, a fica, comprehending •anada, commonly mau.K country, inchi Jfew N and S Wal Creat Britain ; and 70 » lat. and ?o and pre innumerable la which are covered 1 pat part of the yt ptieraents belong t. Jn Bay Comparfy. Wudfon Bay. and L \ Britain, Neiu, an i 'focean, tothc e o ored by Dampier. FftraUwJiichfepi -% 4 ar it 18 ^ )mle, on BiiouJtJ lich i3 4 liumi'ter. y fc CUt- Loire, fcattd igcrs. ort in Glou- i on Wedncf- vealth, trade, I1R been reclc- (lorn; though preeminence {eated on the Frome, lom [>.von into the ic rifing lo a larrow rivers, eraWe burden ends above a s of the Fromc water they lie lere is a dock rge fbips, v\'ith t influx of the of the Avon ind a very ex- rhe city has lo ledral, a guild- d an exchange. nts was 6^,645 «ii. Briftolii ,ed by a mayor Id here in th( fsthan i5g'!»" efinery is one ires. The IW ow the cityi TJ RI thi^ lide of the Avui., is of gic.it pin it y, .iiui has ol)taiiicil a hiis'ii rr[)iil,iti(in in coiirumptivccalcs. In St, Vincent Roclc, jliove this well, aic t'oiitul thole native cryllals, I'o well known under the name of Hriftol (tones. The numerons huild- iiijjs on the top of this rock, has the iiamir of t'lifton, and Is the chirf rci'ort of th«; (reiitry, on account of the lalnhrity of its air. The city walls have l)efii de- inolilhed long ago ; and there is only ,iiic gate now (landing. Here arc uiL'd Hedges inftead of carts, becauCe the vaults and common (ewers would be in- jured by them. Briftol is 13 m wnw liath, 34 ssw Glouceftcr, and 114 w London. Lon. » 36 w, lat. 51 27 n. Brijlol, a feaport of Rhode Ifland, chief town of a county of the fame name. It has a commodious and fafe harbour; and is feated in a rich (oil, niited for a.arden-ftuff, on tiie r fide of llrillol bay, 13 m n Newport, and 24 isK Providence. Lon. 71 14 w, hit. 41 40 f^- EriJhL a town of Pennfylvania, in Bucks county, feated on the Delaware, 21m ssE Newtown, and ao ne Phila- tli'lphia. Srijiol Bay, a I-rge bay on the nw coaft of America, explored by Cook in 1779. It opens between Cape Newcn- hm on the n, and the peninfula of Alalka on the s; and a river of the lame name enters at the e extremity, in lon. 157 50 w, lat. 58 20 V. Britain^ or Great Britain^ the mod confiderable of all the European illands, txtending 550 m from n to s, and 190 from K to w. It lies to the n of France, from which it is feparated by the Englifli channel. Its ancient name was .Albion, whic' , in procefs of time, gave way to that of Britain, by which it was known to Julius Caefar. The gene- ral divifion of the ifland is into Scot- land, England, and Wales. Britain, New, a country of N Ame- rica, comprehending all the tra(5t n of Canada, commonly called the Elqui- maux country, including Labrador, and jNew N and S Wales. It is fubjed to Great Britain ; and lies between 50 and 70 N lat. and ^o and 100 w lon. There ire innumerable lakes and morafTes, which are covered with ice and fnow a great part of the year. The principal fettieraents belong to the Engliih Hud- fon Bay Company. See Ejquimaux, ^udfon Bay. and Labrador. Britain, Neiv, an ifland in the S Paci- ic ocean, to the e of New Guinea, ex- ilored by Dampier, who failed through I'lie ftrait which feparate? it Irom New IJ R O fiiiinca ; and captain Carteret, in 1767, f.iilcii tlir()ii>,'li a ciianiicl, which divides it on the nk fK)ni a long illand, called Ntw Ireland. New Britain lies in lon. I.-, z 20 K, and lat. 4 o s. The (liorcH of buth illands are rocky, the inland parts high and mount.iinous, but covered with triea of variois kinds, among which an: the niiimei;, the cocoa-nut, and different ki'id^ of p:ilm. The in- haliitants arc black, and woolly-headed, like Negros, but have not their flat nofes and thick lips. llrituiiij ; fee Errtaf^rte. Erive, a town of France, in the de- partment of Coneze, witli niannfac- tnres of filk handkerchiefs, niiillins, gauze?, cS.c. It li (eated on the Cor- reze, oppolite the influx of the Vc/ere, in a delightful valley, r? m sw Tulle. Brixen, a principality of Germany, lately a bifliopric, in the k part of I'yrol. It is extremely mountainousi but produces excellent wine. Brixnu, a t«)wn of Germany, capital of the principaiity of Brixeii. Bclide the cathedr.ii, there are one parochial and iix other churches. It was taken by the French in 1796, and again in \U)7. It is feted on theEyfach, at the influx of the Kieiitz, ^8 m s by t. In- fpruc. Lou. 1 1 48 K, iat. 4?) 41 n. Brlxham, a (mull feaport mi Devon- fliire, on tlie w fide of Torhay, cele- brated for its fiihery A quay ha.s been built for the purpole of fiipptying (hips with water. The prince ol Orange, af- terward William III, laniled here in 1688. It i? 4 m NE i^irtmuuth, and 201 w by s London. Brizen, dr Britzen, a town of Bran- denburg, in the Middle mark, on the Adah, lb m NK Wittenberg. Broadjiuirs, a village in Kent, on the feafhore, 3 m n Ramfgate. It has a ('mail pier, with a harbour for light vcfTels ; and is a fafliionable refort (or fea-bathing, more letiied ihan Ramf- gate. Brod, or Brodt, a ftrong town of !ScIa- vonia, on the riv. rSivc, whetcihe Auf- triauf- gained e vidory civer the Turks in i6.<8. It s 3 mswEffck. Lon. i» .yo K, !at. 45 lo N. Brod, a town of Moravia, on the frot. tiers of Hungary, 10 m BbE Hndileh. Bred. Bohmijch; fee Dohmifch- B'>od, i'eutjch, a town of Bohemia, on the river Sazavva, som .s by e Czaz- lau. Brodera, a town and fortrefs of Hin- doortan. in Guzerat, celebrated tor its linens^ mdigo, and lace. It it ^s, m Hi, f!^r'^' t,it\:fk r* I?, ■'I ':,■;■ t:UMi (mm ■• ii ^t RRO 1SR Amcdabad. Luii- 73 tit, Lit- a4 13 N. Croilziac, « town of Litluuiiii.i| on tho river Urrtzina, 100 m s Polotlk. Loti. a8 5 t, lat. 54 8 N. liroei. n town of Wcflphalia, in the diichy of B< rg, capital of a county of \U n.imp. It is featcd on the Rocr, 11 in N DufTddorp. Broeit a village of N Hi)lland, 6 m from Amfterdam. It is one of the niort fingnlar and pitftnicfque plac«*s in the world. The ilrects arc pav chief town of Glynn county, with a fafe harbour, capable of contain- ing a numerous fleet of men of war. It is feated in a fertile country, at the mouth of Turtle ilver, in St. Sinaon n WwM I Mm Wmt '.'. pii'/j 1 f^''''l;* ■ti t 'AIm ■ j. iiil 6. '1 J «• f' t.: i' ••'' M it II i; (oiindi (to m 'sw S.Witnii.i. Lon. 8i o w,Ut. .u lo N. Btuuj'wick. a city of N<'tv Jfrfcy, fti MiiKlliMix county. Its fttii,iri(in is low, but m.iny houl'is are now built on .i plcjafint hilii wliich rill-.s w ot thr town. It has a conltdcrabli- uil.itul tr.uif, and, over tlu- Riiitan, one of ilu- mod clc- pant bridj,'cs in America. Qm-cns col- lege was in this city, but is nmv oxtirii'^ aii ;• place of inftnu'lion. I5run('wick is 60 m NE PiiiKuU'ipliia. Lon. 74 30 w, lat. 4030 N. Urtotjhvirk, n town of the diftiiift of Maine, in Cunibrrland comity. IJow- tloin college h eltablidu-d iirnr. ft is feated on die s (iile of Mcrrytneeting bay, at the inllux of the yVndrolcog^jin, ;;o m Ni; Portland. Lon. 70 o w, lat. 43 5 1 "* • Hnmfiv'ii-k', New, .1 Hritini province in N America, feparated from that of Niiva Scotia, in 17114- ^^ '" 2°^ "^ '""K and 170 broad ; bounded on the w by •Kcw England, n l>y Canadi, 1 by the gulf of St. Lawrence, and » by Nova Scotia and the buy of Fundy. It has (ifveral lakes, and is wcII-watercd by livers. At the conclufion of the Amc- ricin war, the emigration of loyalills to thi.^ province was very great. 'I'lie river St. John opens a vaft extent of fine coun- try, mod of which is fettled and under improvement. The upland is in gene- ral well wooded, and the lofty pines af- ford a conliderable fupply of marts for the royal navy. The chief place is the city of St. John, but the feat pf govern- ment is at Frederidtown. BrttJJelsy a fortified city of the Ne- therlands, capital of the department of Dyie, lately the capital of Brabant, and the Hat of the governor of the Auftrian Low Countries. It has many magni- ficent fquarcs, pid>lic buildings, walks, and fountains. The Hotel de Ville, in the grand market-place, is a remarkable ftrudlure : the turret is 364 fe(;t in height, and on the top is the figure of St. Michiicl, of copper gilt, 17 feet high, •which turns with the wind. Here is a kind of niinn(-ry, called the Beguinage, wl'iich is like a little town, andfurround- cd by a wall and a ditch : the women educated here are allowed to leave it ^vhen tlicy choofe to marry. BrulTels is celebrated for its fine lace, camhiets, and lapellry : and contains 80,000 inha- bitants. It has a communication with the Scheldt by a canal, 20 m long. It was bombarded by Marflial Villcroy in 1695, by which 14 churches and 4000 houfes were deftr.»yed. It hasbeen ievcral times takcu fince ; the lait tioie by the French in 1794. It ii fcated paitly on an eminence, and partly on the river Stniie, a? m h Antwerp, and 14K N by K Parii. Lon. 4 18 k, lat. ;,) il N Ih-utnn, \ town in Somorfctlliirc, with a market on Satiiiday. Here ari- manufiiihircb of lilk and hoficry ; x freefchool, founded by Edward N 1 and a fi.itily alnilhoiile, confiding of tin- rninn of a priory. It is Ceatcil on ilu' river Briic, is m »k Wells, and 109 w London. Hruyers, a town of France, in thedc partmunt of Volgcs, 11 m i:ne Fpi- nal. nryaitJlyriJfir, a town of Ireland, in th(! county oi ( late, fcatcd on the Shan- non, 8 m N Limerick. Brzrj'ct a fortified town of Lithumia, capital of Polcfii, or the palatinate of Br/efc, with a cafile on a rock- Here is a large ("ynagogue, rcfortcd to by tlic Jews from all parts of Europe. It it lirated on the Bug, at the influx of tbc Moukhavilz, 1 10 m s by w Grodno. Lon- 24 6 E, lat. 52 4 k> Brxij'c, a to\vn of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name. It it furrounded by a wall, and feated in a marfliy plain, 95 m wnw Warfaw. Lon. 18 30 1^, lat. 52 40 N. Brze/nitz, a town of Bohemia, in tiif circle of Saatz, with manufatftures of lace,' fite-arnis, and hardware, 24 m WNW Saatz. — Another, in the circle of Prachin, 18 m WNwPifek. Bua, an ifland in the gulf of Venice, on the coaft of Dalmatia, called like wife Partridge ifland, becaufc frequented by thofc birds. It is joined by a bridge to the town of Traon. Buarcos, a town of Portugal, in Beira, on the feacoaft, at the mouth of the Mondego, 37 m s Aveira. Buccari, or Bucliari, a feaport of Morlachia, on the ne part of the gulf of Venice, 12 m e Fiume. Lon. 14 26 E, lat. 45 17 N- Buchannefs, the mod eadern promon- tory of Scotland, 2 m to the s of Pe- terhead, in Aberdeenfliire, in lon. i i7 w, lat. 57 26 N. South of this promon- tory are the Buller of Buchan, Bownefs, and other dupendous rocks and preci- pices, much admired for their awful grandeur. Bucharia ; fee Bokharia. Buc/iau, a town of Suabia, with a I nunnery, feated on a fmall lake, called | Feydtr See, 25 m sw Ulm. Buchau, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saatz, 26 m sw Saatz. Buc/ioix, a town of Brandenburg, in It is fcattil aiul partly on Antwerp, aiiil 4 iB K, l.lt. r) hV c \\\f: Uckrr mark, featcd on the D ihmr, a? m s»K Bf-rlin. liuc/iort'jl, a drone city of Europran Turkey, cipital of Walachia, whrrc the holpodar commonly rcfitli^. Thf p-itriarchfll chiircli i« larji;c, and adjoin- ing it is the pai.ici' n( the archl^ifhop. In A fqintc,ii«*\r \Uv frntrc of the town, it the gr»'ar church of St. Gror>,'»", the natron faint of Wal:icliia. The inha- bitants arc fftiin;(t<;d at 60,000. In 1811, a treaty ofpt'acc wis li>»ncd h«Me htlween the Turks ai.d UuHians. It is fi-atcd on the Domboriza, V'! "» s^''' Tcrgovilt, and 200 n by w Adri inople. Lon. 16 H K, lat. 44 57 n. Hucliornt a town of Suabia, lately im- pirial, feateil on the lake «)f Conftance, i!t m F.NE ("onlt.incc. HuchleH, a village in Iluntingdon- fliire, 5 m sw lluntin^^don. Her<' is a fiipcrb pilace of lh«i bifliopsof Lincoln, and feveral of the prelates hare been in- terred in thtr church. IlucJieAurif, a town of Weftphalia, in flie county of Schaui.nburp;, with ncaf- *le, on the river An, ,^ m esb Minden. huckfuhamt a town in Norfolk, with a market on Saturday, u m e by n Thelford, and 93 nf. London. Ijucifajlki,(;/i, a village in Devonflure, 3 m s by w Afli burton. Here are fome remains of an abbey ; and many of the houfes ave built with materials from its ruins. Buckingham, a borough and the ca- pital of Uuckinghamlhire, with a mar- ket on Saturday, It is almoft lurround- ed by the Ou(e, over which are three ftone bridges. There was formerly a caftle, on a mount, in the middle of the town. Here is little trade or manu- fadure, except lace-making, and fome paper-mills on the river. Two m to the Nw is Stowe, the celebrated fwat of the marquis of Buckingham. The town fuffered greatly by fire in 1725. The number of inhabitants was 4605 in 1801, and 2987 in 181 1. It is 25 m Nf. Oxford, and 55 nw London. Lon. o 58 w, lat. 51 58 N. Bitckinghamjh'tret a county of Eng- land, hounded on the n by Northamp- ton /liire, E by Bcdfordlhire, Hertford- ftiire, and Middlefex, s by Berklhire, and w by Oxfordfhire. It is 39 m long and 18 broad, containing 478,720 acres; is divided into eight hundreds, and 203 pa- rilhes; has 15 market-towns; and fends 14 members to parliament. The num- ber of inhabitants was 107,444 in 1801, and ii7,6.';o in 181 1. The principal rivers are the Thames, Coin, Oufe, and Tame. The foil is rich, being chiefly n V K chalk or marl ; and the woods of the hill«, chiefly lirech, form a coiidderahle article of profit, both as fuel and tim- ber. The nidlt general maniif.«(flure it bone-lace and paper. Miickiiij.'ham is the county-town, but Aylefbury is the l.irg« II. Bucklfn-hmrtl, a village in Hamp- fliire, on Beaulirii river, 9 m ssw Southampton. The inh.ibitants are prineipally employed In (hip-building i and many fri>,'ate8 have been built here. Butla, or Oif'en, the capital of Lower Hungary, fituate on the fide of a hill, on the w fide of the Danube, over which is a bridge of boats to Peft. The inha- bitants are eftimated at 21,000. The churches and public buildings are hand- fome. In the adjacent country are vineyards, which produce excellent wine ; and hot baths that were in good order, with magnificent rooms, while the Turks had poflefTion of this place. The Turks took it in 1529, and it was afterward befieged leveral times by the Germans to nopurpofc, till 1686, when it was taken. It is 94 m ese Prefburgt and 200 nnw Belgrade. Lon. 19 5 e, lat. 47 .^o N. Budelich, a town of France, in the de- partment of Sarre, l.itely of Germany, in the eledloratc of Treves ; feated on theTraen, 12m ene Treves. Buderieh, or Burich, a town of France, in the department of Roer» lately of Germany, in the duchy of Cleve; feated on the Rhine, 22 m se Cleve. Budin, a town of Bohemia, in the cir- cle of Rakonitz, with a caftle, 9 m s by w Leutmeritz- Bud'msrtn, a town of Germany, in Wetteravia, with a caftle; fituate on the Sambach, 25 m ene Frankfort. Budlfen ; fee Bautzen. Budoa, a ftrong leaport of Dalma'.ia, and a biihop's lee. It fuftained a fiege by the Turks in 1686, and is 30 m sk Ragufa. Lon. lU 58 e, lat. 42 30 n. Budrio, a town of Italy, in Bolognelei 8 m E Bologna. Budivet!, a fortified town of Bohe- mia, in the circle of Bechin, and lately a Liihop's lee. In the environs are mines ol' gold and filver. It is feated on the Muldau, 75 m s by w Prague. Lou. 14 25 E, lat. 49 2 N. • Budzac ; fee Bejfurbia. Buen Ayre ; fee Bonair- Btienos At/res, a city and feaport, the capital of Paraguay, and a bilhop's fee. It is the feat of a viceroyalty, eftabliflied in 1776, which includes the countries of Paraguay, Cbaco, and Tucuman ; the t R m Bt' r> mm htkiU'--' m :! juridltc'lioni of l*otuUi, Plata, «nii St. Cruv.t In Peru i mul that of Mnulozi. In Chili The ciiy in wt II fuitificd \ »nd hither ii brought n gn at pan ot th«' Irralurca nnil rm'rch4tu!iii' of Peru ami Chill, whkh aic cjcportttl to Spain It was* f iiindicl hy Mciul(j/a in « j,}.^, hut aftnuard abandoncil i ;iiid inh.tbit< J by ^pani.iriU aiui the nativf AnxT'CMiii I' ha;> am i Icgaiit calhcili'.tit a linnll Imliiu clnirch, two monnfterh'Ht Hvi* convcnte, a coll»'i{f. a beautiful fquarc, ami about 3I1000 in- lubltanti. The trade iHcani-d on with tii«' province* of Pt ru by mearm of carts drawn by oxen, which tiavcl together in caravan*. The country artiund is quite open and level, furtnlhing every fpecics of American aiul luiropein pro- duiJlions; but the nioR extraordinary circumftanrc is the propaK^tion of cat- tle, which have inultiplicd fo imnunfely that all are in common, and ;» gnat many are killed merely for tticir hides. Hucno« Ayre» wai furrendcred to the LuRliUi in July 1806, but they were obliged to abandon it foon iftcr. In July 1807 the Englifli made an unfuc- cefaful attack on thin city. It is feutcd on the Plata, 2:0 m from the ocean, though the riv(;r it here 21 m iu bicadlh. Lon. 5831 w, lat. 14 35 s. Bug, a river of Poland, which rifes in the palatinate of Lemburg, flows n to Drzcfc, crolFcs Polachia into Mafovia, and enters the Villula above WifcliKfod. Rus(ia, a feaport of Algiers, in the province of Conftantia, at the mouth of the Major, ou a bay of the Mediterra- nean. It has a (Irong caftle, but fir lulward Spragge dtftroyed fevcral Al- gerine m;'n of war under iia walls in 1 67 1. Tlie harbour is I'afcr and more capacious than that of Algiers, but its entr.'ince h equally dangerous. The; principal trade is in inftrumciits of agri- culture, made of iron, obtained from mountains near the town. It is 90 m e Algiers. Lon. 5 a8 e, hit. 36 49 n- Bujalance, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, featcd in the centre of an cxten- five plain, rich in vines, olives, and corn, as m R Cordova. Btiilth, or Buallt, a town of Wales, in Brecknocklhire, with a market on Mon- day, and a mantifa<5lure of ftockirigs. Here was an ancient calllc, whofe keep, its laft remains, was burnt down in 1690. and the whole town nearly de- ftroyed. In this neighbourhood the Welch made their laft (land for inde- pendence, and were defeated by Ed- IJ I' IN ward I, in 1 »'<<. Ib.iiih ^ feafed onth« Wyi', over vvMeh is a hrtd m into Kud. nonhi) • 1 1 fti N liio.kt't'ck, and 17 j vv by ■ ' niton. Liu'n, 1 mwii of Tr.tnce in fhr depart- ment «if Droitie, 40 m » l)ran|{«? .tnd 6j *>» V.'Ii'liec. l'uiii\ij>o, \ fortified town "f '"p:»iii, it. Ne-* v.-vijlilc, ci'-'.iratvd for ti.*- wci^l collcdtd ill iti. invlro'in. It la tvatcd oil the I,o/oy,i, .;o in n M.ulrid. tiular, ;i .'iwii of lli.'ypt, Hiinte otj th..' Nile, a mile t) tlie w of C liro, .■»nd thi port I f tha' city. Ou the n lidc of it ix the C.tlilli. whieh conviya the waters of the Nile to Cairo. 8cc < airo. litJnm. an idird on the w coaft of .Africi, at the month of the ^'ainbia. The foil is good i and a fettli merit of free bl.icks was fornu'd here in 171J:, by the lingiilii, hut the n.itives of ihe con- tinent would not permii ii to contiiiuc> L'ln. 16 v w, lat. i,< o N. Bulf^nr'ui, a province of European Turkey, bounded 011 the N l»y W^la- thia Tiid HcHaibia, k by the i>lack Tea, 3 by Romaiii » and Macedonia, and w by Servia. It is mountaimmti, but fer- tile in the intervening vallita. SolKi is the capital. BuluiJ's; Ci^c Boic>tfJs- Bumiive, a vill.it,'e of Scotland, in Argylelhire, on the k lid<; of Loch Elivc, at the influx of tlie river .Awe, I? m KN'K Oban. IIer«' i« an iron foun- dery, a valuable falmon hduiy, and a lafe bay for vellels of rm.ill burden. Bundi'lcitndt or Bundela, a circar of Hindooftin, in the province of Allaha- bad, inhabited by a triiie of Kajpoots. It is a mountainous trad, and contains the celtliratcd diamond mineKof P.inna, with I'ome llrong forticlFes. Cliatter- pour is the capital. Bimgni/t a town iu Suffolk, with a market ou Thurfday, (catcd ou the V/avcnay, which is navigable hence to Yarmouth. It has two churches, and the rtiinn of a nunnery and a caitle. It is 36 m N by li Ipfwich, and 106 ne Loi.don. Bungo, a kingdom of Japan, in the iiland of Ximo. Thekingof this coun- try was converted to Chrillianity, and ient a Ibleirn cmbafly to the pope in .'585. 'J'he capital is fumay. Lon. 133 o v., lat. 3; 40 N. Buni'va, a mountain of Greece, be- tween Janna and Livadia, extending to the gulf of Zeiton. The ancient name was iEta ; and it is famous for the palJ! of 'Iherniopyia: (fo called from the hot baths in the neighbourhood) \vhcv« Lconidui, and cd fur thric army. BioikftJ Hill JiNnli'iif/orJ, with .1 m.iik) t London. Iiitnly. lUutktri lllll\ (ty k Lutuloti. HunUv/tla, A town of IlindooO.tn, in C.inarj, which hai a i^rcMt inUnit ti.u!( ; I'tti.itt' nc.ir till- Nc(uw.iri, 10 m i- M.iiig ilort'. IhtHtliiu, a town of Sllcfn, In th«? ptitu:ii).ility w Juiijj i3iiiil/laii. lUmixlau, JuHf^t -i town of Hohi-mia. capital of ilii! circt*' «)f Huiit/lati. It was a royal town iiiidi-r Uoitolphui ti. and in Icatfd «>!) Mu* \Uv, :li m nnk Pia^iu'. Lon. i^; o K,lat 50 :a s. /-.•(/•rtfri/v, a riviT of I'l/. whicli enters tlie Atlantic ocean, at Sallcc. Bunluuiv, a turn of lliiulooltan, oa. pita! of a diiliid in Ik'iixal, l'<"ilfd on the Dunimooda, ^,^ m n'.v Calcutta- Li n. M; 56 K, lat. a.; zo n. Burcllot or Vix'ita bwrfin, .1 tiiwn of Naples, in Abrnzzo Ciira, ao in » l.an- ciano. Burfu, n town of Holland, in Cicld* r- land, with u fui tilled calUe. 2Z m w Ni- niigiien. Hurfttt .1 town of Wcltphalia, in the principality of Pail'-rborn, Ir-utcd on the Almc, 10 m 8 Padcrborn. Lureti, a town of S'.\l(Veiland, in the canton of Bern, fLMled on the Aar, (t m iw Solenrc. liur/ortlt a town in Oxford (liirc, witli ^ miirket on Saturday, and niamifa^lUircs 'jf laddkM. ilidllls, and rugs; feared on tiic Windriilti, 17 m w by n Oxford, anil 71 vv London. Burj!^, a town of Holland, in the county of Zutpheii, (iMtcd 011 the Old 1 (lei, 18 m E Nirnegnin. Burf;, n town of Low r Saxony, in the duchy of Magdchnr^;, on the river Ihle, 12 m NNE Magdeburg. Bur^, a town of WcitpMalia, in the duchy of Berg, with manufaitiircs of gun-barrcis and woollen Itnffs ; featcd on the Wipp<'r, 18 m se l)oncldt)rf. Bwgt a village in Cumberland, 5 m wNw Carlifle- Near it is a colnmn, eroded to denote the fpot where Ed- ward I died, when preparing for an ex- pedition pgainft Scotland. Hurgajt a town of European Turkey, in Uumania, riviicd m n fertile pUin, 46 m IK Adriaiioplr, and U5 Nw Cunllin* tinople. Burjtaut .1 town of StL^hiA, with % CMflle which mvc% n.ime to « m.inpii* late, lately iiibjt'Jt to Aiiltrii. but e. ddl to Havati.t in iHt^ It in Ic.iud on ihc Miiidcl,6m V- Uuntzburg, and 2} WNW Au;^fburK. Burifdorf, A town of SwifTcrLtud, in the canton of Uciii,with a i aflie, leaNd on .in rmiiifiicc, by the iivci luinincn,* IP Ni. Ilcrn. llurjiJorf, » town of I,owrr Saxony, in LiincburK, with a callle, on t' ; river Awe, 1^ in « Zfll. Hur^/iaHHt •■» town of Gorm-iny , in 1 he ptincipali'y of Fnlda, on the liver IlaiiD, H m NNK i'nlda. l:nri(/i/-it,!, a town of Scntlind, in F.Iginfiiiif, on a bay t«» which it kivch iKiinc, on th«' s lidfot the Moray tritli. It blithe be ft Irnbonr on this coift j ani' on fin* pronionuiry is the Alitr.i <.'al>ia of I'toUiny, a Roman flation. which is pretty entire, and extends ov«r more than 1 1 aeres. In the vicinity .irc <|ii,irne:i of lie9ur, a cit/ of IlindooltAn, capiul ot Candrilht.tiiil, 4t one p«'riiKl, of the DtfCcMM alfu. It h.i> .1 vrr^t IrAtlc hi Aric i-ntton for vriU, (h.twU, £(c. In the w.ir wttti the* Mihi.ilM* in \^q\ it liirrcn«lcrt'(I totlu' lUitifh. It ii lituate in a (IcIiRlitfiil country, on the river Tapty, laj m ■ b/ n hurat. Lon. 76 19 R, 111. ai Sj N. Iiurliiiuf<>>iir, a town of nin(l(4()n.in, in HciikhI. utt ilir river ( ollimba/ar, 9 ^ in N C.tlcutta. tiuruino, » town of Tiife.my, In Sicnnt iC| itfar the laltc CAitiglciio, 10 m tiK MadU. Hurirli { fi'C !tiiJfruh. Huriti, A fortified fciport of Aiahia, In tilt- province of Anuin, 4;, m wnw Mafcat. BurkfH, a town of (icrmany, in thi* late ilc^ioratc of Mrntz. ay m a IKi- di'llxri;. BurklniHien, A town of lla»ari«, witl- nn old fortified ci(\le on a mountain. It ii the feat ol a rc);cncyt anl ilandt on the river Sil/a, near it^ coiilliix with tiic Inn, if m nnw S.il/burK. llnrlinfftoHtA town of Enjjiand. See HriHinij^ton- Htirlini^lntit a city of New Ji'rft'y, ca- pital of a county ot the fame name. It llaiuU on an illand in the Delaware, which \s here a mile hroad, and haitafafc and rnnvrnient harbour. It is 17 m NK I'tiiiadelphia. Lon. 75 10 w, lat. 40 14 N. /'«r//w/»MH, a town of Vinn with the Ganges, it form* a Itrcam which i^ regularly from 4 to 5 m wide. Burfttt or Pru/a, a city of Afiatii- Turkey, in Natolia, built by Pruhas king of Hythinia. It was the capital uf tlie Ottoman empire, b«'foie the taking of ConRantinople ; and it now contain* about 60,000 inhabitants. It Hands upon feveral little hilli, at the bottom ot .Mount OlyinpuR, and on the edge of a fine plain full of fruit-treefi. So many fprings proceed from the mount, thai every houfi- has its own fountain ; and at its foot are fplendid hot baths The mofques are elegant, as are the caravan- faries. The beztdine is a large ftruc- ture full of waiehoufes and (hops, con- taining all the commodities of the ead, bclide their own naanufadures in filk. Mere ate the beft workmen in all Tur- key who are excellent imitators of the I'ollllllir:*, w II V H tiptftry of Italy ami rnncf. None l>iil iitoort'liiiini Art permiiit'd tn dwcli 111 the rty J Inn IK«' dih'irbi, which ui* Pnich liin r, ;iiiil hctirr proplcd. nrr AlU L-kl witri Jcwii Armcni«n«, «nd (ircck*. Diiii't U AH m » Uy k ConA.iiitiiioplr. . lul 80 N w Kiut4j.t. Lon. 29 1 1 1>» Ut. liitrjtfm, A l.vvn ill Stnffoi'iUhirp, \.\U'\) * rin.illvill.igc, httt now h.u r%- tc'idvc pottcrii'K It iKiiuU near thf Tr.iu atul MciiV/ canal, am kwk Ncwctrtlc. Buijltl' , .1 viMigf in llimpniin*. j m Kii-, S.)iith.tmpt()ii. It rt.uutioii the il>ti)ilitc, \ lit Iron) ito timuth, atut It vr- r.il lliipi have luvn built \\>'xe for ilti* ii.ivy, tttirton, a town in Wcrtinoi l;uitl, with .1 marlat o'l'lui-lUiy ; Icitcil in .ivillty "•Mr tlic I.;iiicart«r c.inal, u m 1 Kcu- (I.1I, .nti'l ^51 NMw London. Jii/rfon ti/-on SlnUfifr, .1 town in I.in- ii)lii(liirf, with a miikit oti Moiul.iy 5 'v-Ucd on .1 hill, luMr the 'I'rtnt, ,ii m n Mncoln, and 16^, n by w Loiidcn. liiirton upon Irent, a town in St.if- fiirdthiri', with a market on Tluirfdiy. It lian thf rcmaiiinoti' large ahbt-y ; and ovrr tlu! Trent ii a bridge ol frccflonc, a »\< f of f;rrat not*', and had t colh-ge loundt'd »y king .\th« Ktiii. Tin- church is fpa- ciouH, anil eoniaiDi niany ciirioiifi relics nf aniiquity. in i(» nciglibourliond ari* 19 lirg*" ftnnei tmling in a circle* It fiel fiotneieh othfr,any a fluik It rucujiiii ilie point of a ficniidtila, in the gulf of Perfia, and orms a triangle, of which th«' bafe on the land fide in alone fortihed. At un- C'|ual dillancc!! along the walls are \i towers, two of whicli form the town- g.ite. Thf lilt CIS arc vi-ry narrow, and tlu- inhabitant! eftimatrd at 10,000. i brr arc leven mof<|Ue:). two hiimmumH or baths, and two carav.mfiries. 'The Englifti F.all-India Comp.in^ have a fa(!tory hue ; and the trade with Shiran, by caravans, is conliderable. It i» litij- ate near the head of the gulf, 110 in w;uv Shiras. Lon. i;) 4^5 v., lat. 28 59 n, DuiJiiral', or Hufru \ fee {Jfi/fora. Viiiti-, ati ill md of Scotl ind, in tiic frith of Clyde, fi-parated on the n from the peninfula of Cowal in Argylcfhire by a narrow channel. It is 14 m long atid 4 bio.ul; the n part hilly and bar- ren, but the n fertile and well cultivated. The coaft is rocky, atui indented with fcveral fife harbours, chii-fly appr.^pri- ated to the herring fidicry. Rothfay is the capital. liutfjhire, a county of Scotland, con- fiding of the iilaiuls of P-iitr, .Arran, (ircat and Little Cumbray, and Inch- marnoc, which lie in the frith of Clyde, between the counties of Ayr and Ar- gyle. The number of inhahitatits was ij,.o.]3 in ittn. Tiiis Ihire (liids a member to parliament alternately with Ciithnefs. See Butey e'V. Diitritito, a feaport of European Tur- key, in Albania, and a biihop's fee- It (l.«nds on the lite of the ancient liuthro- tum, of which fome ruins remain, and has a conliderable trade- It iy entrench- ij . 'I r. ¥ ! ! It'' m.. T.f ■ '. ; •(■ ti^ T'. U X cd by ilio river P.ivia, the lake Pclodii and the canal oF Corfu, at the entrance of the piilf of Venice. 40 m vv by s Janina. L^^n. zo 9 E,ht. 39 49 n. Buttermcrff a lake in Cumberland, 8 ni sve Kcfwick It is 2 m lotig, and nearly half a mil*' broad. On the w fide it is tirrniiiHted by a mountiiin, callt'd, from its tVrriiginoiis colour, the Red Pi'^(•; a ftiip of ciiitiv,itcd ground aclDrnsthc k lliore ; at the N tnd id the villaRr of Bnttermere ; and a };roup of hotifcs. called GaicfgHrth, is at the s ex* -inilf, under an arnpliitl'calrc of mouiifiiinous rocks. Here Honifler Ci;ig is I'ecn riling tt' a v.ifl height, flunk- ed by two conical mountains, Flectwith on the E, and Scarf on the w. Nu- merous mountain torrents form never- failing calara(5ts tliat thunder and foam down the rocks, and form the lake be- l(jw. This lake is called the Upper Lake ; and near a mile from it, to the X ;., is the Lower Lake, called alfo C'ro- niack-water. The river ('Ocl'.^r flows through both thefj lakes to Cocker- mouth. Buttet ivorthy a large village in I.an- cafhire, a m e Rochdale, which par- takt s in the trade and manufudlures of that town. Button Bay ; fee Hud/on Bay. Buttjiadt, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuriiigia, feated on the Lofs, 16 m '.V Nauniburg. Hu'.-cbaclh a town of Germany, in Weiteravia, feated in a marfliy but fer- tile plain, 10 m s Giefien. Butzo"^v, a town of Lower Saxony, in Meckicnhurg-Schi.erin, feated on the Warna, 17 m sw Roftr-^k. Bnxade'iuar, a ftrong fort of the country of Bootan, at the entrance of the mountains from Bengal. It ftands on the top of a rock, so m n Chicha- cotta- Buxars n.town and fort of Hindoo- ft.in, in Bahar, on the right bank of the Ganges, 7a m w Patna. Buxtehitde, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of liremen, on the river yfte, r8 m SE Stade. Buxto/i, a village in Derbyfliire, at the cntnince of the Peak. It has nine wells that rife near the fource of the river Wye ; and they are deemed one efthefeven wonders of the Peak. Their waters, noted in the time of the Ro- mans, are hot and fulphureous; and much company refort to them in the fummer. I he building for the bath was erected by George earl of Shrewf- bury; and here Mary queon »>f Scots was for fome time. The duke of Dc- CAB vonniire hasereifteil a beautiful crcfcent, and under the houfes are piazzas and fhops. A mile hence is another of the wonders, called Pool's Hole, at the foot of a mountain. The entrance is low and narrow, but it prefently opens to a cave 6y6 feet long, of confiderablc height, with a roof refembling a Gothic cathedral h contains n^any ftaladlical concretions, and feveral cuwous repre* fentations both of art and nature, pro- duced by i le petrifying water con- tinually drofjping from the rock. Bux- ton is 31 nr, Nw Derby, and 160 nnw London. Byron Ijl.ind, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, difcovered by commodore Byron in 1765. It is low, full of wood, and very populous. The natives are tall, well proportioned, and clean ; and their countenance expreflRve of a furprjfing mixture of intrepidity and chterf^lneft. Lon. 173 46 i:, lat. 1 18 s. C. Caade/i, a town of Bohemia, 'in the circle of Saatz, on the river Eger, 9 m sw Commotuu. Caana ; fee Ke»e. Cabeca de Fide, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, with a caftle, 12 m s"' Por- talegro. , t'abenda, a feaport of Africa, in Con- go, fubje pire till ijzq, when it was redored to Perfiii by Nadir Shuh. The country is highly diverfificd ; confifting of moun- tains covered with fnow, hills of mode- rate height, rich plains, itntely forefh, and innumerable dreams. It produces every article necelfary for human life, with the moft delicate fruits and flowers. It is fometimes called Zabuliftan, from Zabul, one of the names of Ghizni, which was the ancient capital of the country. Cabult the capital of the province of Cabul, and of the dominions of the fui- tan of the Afghans, leatcd near the foot of the Hindoo-ko, on the river Attock. It carries on acondderahle trade, and is contidered as the gate of India toward Tartary. In 1739, Nadir Shah took it by ftorm, and plundered it of great treafures. It is 170 m ne Candahar. Lon. 68 33 E, lat. 34 30 n. Cacaca, a town of the kingdom of Fez, with a fort upon a ro'k, 16 m s Melilla. Cacelloy a town of Portugal, on the SE coaft of Algarva, 6 m f. by N Tavira, and 8 wsw Caftro Marim. Caceres^ a town of Spain, in Eftre- madura, feated on the Sabrot, 22 m se Alcantara. CacereSf a town of the ifland of Lu- conia, capital of the province of Cama- rines, and a biihop's fee. Lon. 124 o E, lat. 14 33 -V. Cachan, or Cajhariy a city of Peifia, in Irak, which has a confiderable trade in filks, carpets, and copper ware. Here are many Chriftians, and Guebres, or worfliippers of fire. It is feated in a ftony plain, 106 m n by w Ifpahan. Lon. 51 20 E, lat. a 55 N. Cachaot or Kecho, the capital of the kingdom of Tonquin. It contains 20,000 houf«s, whofe walls are of mud, and the roofs covered with thatch ; a few are built with brick, and roofed with pantiles. The principal ftreets are very wide, and paved with fmall Itones. The king has three palaces here, fuch as they are ; and near them arc ftables for his horfes and elephants. The houfe of the Englilh htXnxy is the htft in the city; and the faftories purchafe filks and lackered ware, as in China. It is feated on the river Hoti, 80 m from the gulf ot Tonquin. Lon- 105 11 £, lat. 41 10 N. Cacheo, a town of the kingdom of CAD Cumbo, Oil the river Cachco, or St. Domingo, 59 ».? from its mouth. It is fubjeft to the Poriu^jucfe, who have three forls, and carry on a great trade in wax and flaves. Lon. 14 55 e, lat- 12 6 N. Cac/ioeira, a town of Brafil, in the go- vernment of All Saints Bay. It is the mart for the northern gold mines, and ftands on a fmall river, 43 m nvv St. Salvador. Cacongo, a town of the kingdom of Loango, feated near the mouth of a ri- ver, 40 m ssE Loango. Cacorla, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, on the rivulet Vega, between two mountains, 40 m enf. Jaen. Cadfnac, a town of Fr.ince, in the de- partment of Lot, on the river Lot, 27 m ESE Cahors. Cadeneli a town of France, in the de- partment of Months of the ithonc, 28 m SE Avignon. Coder Idrisy a mountain of VV'ales, in Meiionethlhire, to the s of Delgeliy. The perpendicular height is 2914 feet above the level of the fca. Oa the i'um- mit are the remains of a fortrefs ; and it has feveral lake."!, abounding with C'adiar, a town of Spain, in Granada, 28 m SE Granada. Cadtllaci a town of France, in the de- partment of Gironde, with a caille, feated on the Garonne, 15 m se Bour- deaux. Cadiz, a fortified city of Spain, in Andalufia, and a bifliop's fee, with a good harbour. It is feated at ihe n ex- tremity of a poninrula, which is 10 m long and fcarcely 3 broad in any part; forming a harbour of more than the fame length, between it and the main- land, from 6 to 8 m in breadth. The 3 fide of thi city is inacceffible by fea, being edged with crag^-y rocks ; on the w fide is fort St. Seballian, and on the E fort St. Philip ; and the paiTage into the harbour is tornmaruted by two op- pofite (brts, Matagorda on the con- tinent near Porto Real, and St. Lorenzo on tlie peninfula ; which two fovts are alfo called the Puntals. Cadiz was built by the Phoenicians, and was after- ward a Roman town : and there art ftill feveral remains of Roman antiqui- ties. It is ciolely built ; the ftreets arc in general narrow, l)Ut kept rt-markably cl"an, and the houfes are high, with flat roolV. The fituation prevents itg further extenfion ; and in 1799 it con- tained 75,000 inhabitants, who have every neceffiiry of life in plenty, except water for drinking^ which they oie ob- m 1 C A i: ligod to obtain fiotn fprings on the coafl, near St. Maria. Thi" cnthfdriti is an ancient ftrnt^line, with niapniriccnt tlccorations ; antlancwont' was bf gun to be creftcd in 172s. I)ut will ftill rccinire many years to complftr. Here is alio a commodious obft-rvatory, a national theatre, and n large culton\honre, but not an exchange. This port is the centre of the Spanifh commerce to the \V Indies and America. There are linen manura»5turc8 in the neighbour- hood, but that of fait is the chief branch of indultry. This city was taken by the Englith in 159b ; but being at- tempted again in 1702, they had not the like fuccefs. In 18 12, after a land blockade of fome years by the French, they abandoned their works, having previoufly fct them on fire. Cadiz is 53 m ssw Seville, and 60 www Gibral- tar. Lon. 6 16 w, lat. 36 32 n. Cadoni, a town of Italy, capital of the diftrift of Cadorino, and the birth- place of Titian, the painter. It isieated on the Piave, 15 m n Belluno. Lon. 12 o K, lat. 46 28 N. Cadorino, a diftrift of Italy, lately fi'bjed to Venice ; bounded on the e by Friuli, s and w by Belluneli?, and N by the principality of Rrixen. It is a mountainous country, and the chief town is Cadora. Cadfand, or CaJJand, an idand of Holland, on the n coaft of Flanders, at the mouth of the Scheldt. The land is fertile, and the inhabitants make a large quantity of excellent cheefe. It is de- fended by feveral forts. The chief town is CafTandria. Caen, a city of France, capital of the department of Calvados, with a ce- lebrated univerfity, and a callle with four towers, built by the Knglifh. The abbey of St Stephen was founded by William i, who was buiied in it. The river Orne runs through the city, to which the tide brings up large vcflels. It is 65 m w by s Rouen, and 125 w Paris. Lon.o 22 w, lat. 49 11 n. Caer. For fome pl.ices that often begin thus, as Cacrdifl, fee under Car. Caerhutif a village of Wales, in Car- narvonfhire, on the river Conway, 5 m s Aberconway. A Roman hypocaull and other antiquities have been dif- covercd here; and it is deemed to be the fite of the ancient Conovium. Caerleon, a town in Monmouthfliire, with a market on Thurfday. Many lloman antiquities have been found here ; and it has the ruins of a caftle. It is fealed on the Uik, 19 m sw Mon- mouth, and 146 w by N London. c \v CtxerphiUtj, a town of Wilci, in C\\-^[- morganlhirc, with a mark^'t on 1 hun*- day, and a woollen manuf.iiflure. Thti ruins of its celcSrated caflle more rc- (i-mble that of a city than a fingle edifice. Jt is ftated between the Taafe and Rumncy, 7 m N Cardiff, and 160 w London. Caery a fimilar machine. There ,ire many other relirrvoirs for water; anduumeroiu bazars, where each trade has its allotted quarter. There are fcvcral public Iw,;- nio», very handfome witl'", and iifco as places of relVethment and diverlion, cfpecially for the women, who ^ro there twice a week ; but the wives of greif men have baths at home. The wo n; n have greater liberty here than in any part of .he Turkifli empire ; and 011 Friday a mofque without the w.d!s is frequented by them as a pilgrimaj-^e (if plcafure. The Calith, a canal which conveys the waters of the Nile into the city, is ao feet broad, and has houfes on each fide of it. As foon as the watn- begins 10 rife, the mouth of the canal is clofed witli earth, and a mark placed to fiiow the time when this and all other canals in the kingdom are to be opened, which is done with great folemnity. There are not lefs than 300 mofques in Cairo, the lofty minarets jf which pre- fent a very pidurcfque appearance. Ir. was a place of very great trade before thedifcovery oftheCapeof Good Hope; and is ftill the centre of that of caltera Africa. The chief manufa ht. ^ 4» N. Cei.'abrzo, a town of Terra Firma, in the province of Caracas, on a river of the fame inme, 120 m s Leon. ' 'alaliria, a country of Naples, divided I'm- the provinces of Calabria Citra and Calabria Ultra, or Hither and Further Calabria. The firft is bounded on the I by Calabria Ultra, N by Bafdicata, and w and e by the Mediterranean. Cofenza is the capital. Calabria Ultra iswaflied hv the Mediterranean on the K, s, and w, and bounded by Calabria Citra on the n. Catanzaro is the capi- tal, 'i'his country abounds in excellent fruit, corn, wine, oil, filk, cotton, and wool. In 1783, a great part of Cala- bria Ultra, as well as of Sicily, was ilcftruytd by one of the moft terrible earthquakes on record ; befide the de- ilruftion of many towns, villages, and farms, above 40,000 people perifhed by this calamity. Calahaxra, a city of Spain, in Old Caftiie, and a bii'iop'a fee ; featcd on the fide of a hill, ivhich extends to the Kbro, 70 m E Burgos- Lon. a 7 w, lat. 42 J2K. Calais, a feaport of France, in the department of Pas de Calais, with a cita- del. It was taken by Edward 111 of Kngland, in 1347, after a liege of more than 1 1 months, which has j;iven rife to fomehiftorical aswell as dramatic fi ' *«! C AL Ciilcinatu, .1 town of Italy, in Brcf- ciaiio, where a vidnry was gaiiud ovr r the Auftrians. by the French, in ijo6. It is 8 m sK Uril'ijia. Cnlcuttn, a city of Hircloon,»n, anil the cnfiporiiim of Bengal, fitiiati- on tht^ left bank of the Hoogly, or wcftern arm of the Ganges, loo m frona its mouth, In the bay of Bengal. It rofe on the fitc of the village of Oovindpour, about 1700, and extends from the w point of Fort William, along the banlts of the river, almod to the village of Cofiipoor, 4 m and a half; the breadth, in many parts, inconfulcrable. Generally fpeak- ing, the defcription of one Indian city 18 a defcription of all; being all built on one plan, with very narrow and crooked ftreets, interfpcrfed with nu- jmcrous refervoirs, ponds, and gardens. A fewof the ftreets are paved with brick. The houfes are varioudy built ; fome with brick, ethers with mud, and a greater proportion with bamboos and mats : thefe different kinds of fabrics, intermixed with each other, form a motley appearance. Thofe of the latt«r kinds are invariably of one ftory, and covered with thatch; thofe of brick feldom exceed two floors, and have flat terraced roofs ; but thefe are fo thinly fcattered, that fires, which often happen, do not, fometimes, meet with the ob- ftrurtion of a brick houfe through a whole ftreet. But Calcutta is, in part, an exception to this rule of building; for there, the quarter inhabited by the Englilh is compofed entirely of brick buildings, many of which have the ap- pearance of palaces. The line of build- ings that furround two fides of the ef- f>1anade of the fort is magnificent ; and t adds greatly to the fuperb nppearance, that the houfes are detached from each other, and infulated in a great fpace. The buildings are all on a large fcale, from the neceflity of having a free cir- culation of air in a climate, the heat of which is extreme. The general approach to the houfes is by a flight of fteps, with great projeding porticos, or fiirrounded by colonades or arcades, which give themthe appearance of Grecian temples. But the remainder or the city, and by much the greateft part, is built as be- fore defcribed. Calcutta has been won- derfully improved both in appearance and in the falubrity of the air ; for the ftreets have been properly drained, and the ponds filled up. It is fuppofed to contain at leaft 700,000 inhabitants. In this fplendid city, the head of a mighty Chriftian empire, there is only one church of the eftabiifhmcnt cf the ino< C AL thcr country, and that by no means confpictious for fize or ornam«nt : it \\ alfo rcmark.iblf, that all Britilh India docs not afford one cpifcopal fee, while that advantage has been granted to Canada. The mixture of I'.uropran and Afiatic manners that may be obfcrvcd here is curious : coaches, phaetons, chAifes.with thcpal.uikeens and hackiT- ien of the natlveu, the pafilng c<'rcmonit"j of the Hindoos, andthodiffi'rcnt appear- ances of the fakirs, form a fight more extraordinary th.in perhaps any other city can prcfi-nt. The hackery here men- tioncd is a fmall covered Ciirri.ige upon two wheels, drawn by bnllocks, and ufed ^generally for the female part of the family. The Ganges is navigable up to the town for the largcft fliipi that vifit India. The exports are confiiler- able in fait, fogar, rice, opium, filks, muflins, calicos, &c. Calcutta is the feat of the governor-general and council of Bengal, who have a control over the prefidencies of Madras, Bombay, and Bencoolen. Here is likewile a fupremf court of judicature, in which juftice is difpenfed, according to the laws of Eng- land, by a chief juftice and three puii'nc judges. In 1 756, Calcutta was taken by the foubah of Bengal, who forced the feeble garrifon, to the ahiount of 146 perfons, into a fmall prifon called the Black Mole, out of which only 93 came elive the next morning. It was retaken the next year; the viftory of Plafley followed ; and the inhuman foubah was depofed, and put to death by his fuc- celfor. Immediately after this vi6lory, the ere(5tion of Fort William commenc- ed, which is fuperior to any fortrefs in India- In 1801, a noble college was founded here, in which are profclTors of Englilh, Mohamedan, and Hindoo laws, iiillory, &c. Calcutta is 1030 m NNE Madras. Lon. 88 39 e, lat. :: 35 N. Caldas, atown of Spain, in Catalonia, famous for its hot baths, and feated amid mountains, almoft covered with olives, IS m N Barcelona. Caldecot, a village, in Monmouthftiire, feated in a plain, i m sw Chepftow, and noted for the maflive remains ol' its caftle. Colder i a river that riles on the vr borders of Yorkfhire, flows by Halifax to Wakefield, and 8 m below joins the Aire. It is navigable the greater part of its courfe. Caldolzburg, a town of Franconia, in I the principality of Anfpach, with aj caftle, 18 m NE Anfpach. Cakdtnia, a feaport of Tena FirmaJ 1 menni nt: ith ilh India ire, while anted to )pfan and (ibfervcd phaetons, id haclit'r- ••rcmonit'i nt appear, ight more any other I here men- riapi' upon locks, and >le part of % navigable I fl\ipi that c confuler- liiim, filks, :utta is the and council rol over the imbay, and le a fupremt" ich juflice is law8of Eng. three puiine was taken Ity forced the lount of 146 n called the only 13 came ; was retaken y of Plafley n foubah wai h by his fuc- this victory, im commenc- any fortrefs le college was are profcfTors and Hindoo tta ia 1030 m 29 E, lat. s: , in Catalonia, and ftatcd :overed with iS [onmouthfliirc, sw Chepftovv, ivc remains ol' •ifes on the vr ows by Halifax below joins the he greater pait of Franconia, in ilpach, with a h. of Tena Firma, C AL on the NE coaft of the ifthmus of Da- rien, foiimU'd by Ibnar Siotih families in 1699, but has lon^; Ucni in the hands of the Spaniards It is 150 m sE Porto Bello. Lon. 77 56 w, laf. 8 30 N. i^aMnuiii .Vt-qy, an ifla- d in the Pa- cific ocfaii. dilcovered by Conk, in 1774. Il is if'o m long and 70 broad. The inhabitants are Itrong, aftivc, and well made ; their hair is black and much frizzled, but not w.xilly ; their be.irds arecrilp and thick ; they bcfmi'ar ihi-ir faces with black pittmcnt; and their only coveiin^' is a wrapper, made from the bark of a tree or of leaves Their houfes are circular like a bee-hive; formed of fmall fpars and re<'d«, covered witli long coarfe grafs, and thf floor laid with dry grafs. They dtpofit their dead in the gf )Uiid, and decorate the grave of their chiefs with Ipcars, darts, pad- dles, &c. They are of a p icific dil'po- fition, and thdr women charter than thole of the more e tfttrn idanda They cultivate the foil with fome art and in- duftry, but fubfift chiefly on roots and fiih. Plantains and fiigar canes are not plentiful, bread-fru't is (carce, and cocoa-nut trees arc but thinly planted ; but yams and taras are in great abund- ance. The cape at the s end, called Queen Charlotte Foreland, is in Ion- 167 12 K, lat. 2% IS s. Ca/enberjf, a principility of Lower Saxony, which conftitutes a part of the duchy of Briinlwick- It is divided into two parts, and the principal towns are Hanover and Gottingen. It takes its name from an ancientcadle now io 1 uins, feated on the Leinc, 17 ms Hanover. Cal/tuco, a town on the coast of Chili, inhabited by Spaniards, Meftees, and Indians, 180 m s Valdivia. Lon. 73 37 w, lat. 4a 40 s. Call, a city of New Granada, in the province of Popayan, in a valley of the Ihme name, on the river Caiica. The governor of the province generally refides here. It is 90 ni e Bonaven- tura, and 200 w St. Fc. Lon. 77 5 w, lat. 3 15 N. Calicut, a city of Hindooftan, capital of the province of Malabar It was the first Indian port vifiled by European fliipping ; being difcovered by the Por- tuguefe, in 1498. Here is a manufadture of plain cotton goods ; and much ialtis made by the natural evaporation of the fea water. The principal exports are cocoa and betel nuts, black pepper, g'nger, and turmeric. It is feated at the mouth of a river, no m sw Serin- gapatam, dud 130 ssEMangalore. Lon. 75 5^ B, lat. II izN. C AL California, a peninlula of N America^ in the Pacific ocean ; (iparatcd from the w coal! of America by the Vermillion fea, ur gulf ol California, and extending NW from lat. 23 to ^ j N. It was dil- covered by Cortes, in i S36 ; and is fuid to have been vifiled by fir Francis Drake, in 1578. The peninllilu is cciual to England in extent oi territory, out the P 'puLilion is not fo great as the town of Ipl'wich. A chain of mountains extends its whr)'e leiiij;th, of which the moft c'evated, the Cerro de la Oiganta, is from 4600 to 5000 feet, and appears to be of volcanic oriuin. The moun- tains are inhabited by a ("pecies of goat» called berendos, "^hich leap, like the ibex, with the head downwanl, and, like the chamois, have ilie horns curved backward. The Iky here is conOantly fcrenc, and of a det p blue, md rately any clouds; but the earth, unfortu- nately, is not fo b-autiful. The foil is landy and arid, vegetation is at a Itand, and rain is very nnrrerjuent. J'here are ftfw fprings, fome of which iflTue from naked rocks ; '.>ut where Iprings and earth happen to be together, the fertility of tl»e (oil is immenli*. In thefe points, of which the number is inconfi- derable, the jefuits, toward theclofe of the ryth century, eftabliflied their firlt miflions. Maize vegetates vigoroufly, and the vine yields an excellent grape, of which the wine refembles that of the Canary iflands ; but the general nature of the Ibil will never be able to fupport a great population. Ttie jtfuits in a very few years built fixtecn villages In the interior ; and in 1750 the Spanifli fettlements were very confiderable. Since the expulfion of the jefuits, in 1767, the guvernment of the peninlula has been confided to the Dominican monks of the city of Mexico, who have been unfiiccefsful in their eftablifli- ments. The villages of the mifliuns are now reduced to IJxteen, in whiih there are not above 5000 native cultivators; and the number of favages, difperfed iti other parts, Icarcely amounts to 4000. The pearl fifliery on the coaft is valua- ble ; but it has no mines of a promif- ing appearance. The principal place is Loreio. Calitoor, a fortrefs of the ifland of Ceylon, at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 28 m s Columbo. Calix, a town of hweden, in W Both- nia, on a river of the fame name, near its entrance into the gulf of Bothnia, iz m w Tornea. Callah, a town of Algiers, in the pro- vince of Mafcara, which has a cor.fider- "''1''!!, m m-mi ]'* ri''<'^^ra i i^ 1 '' JNPBil ■ft,\ fl 'i * ;^'^*I^^^ fl m I ' , \)M\ iiSjn 1 f, r-|:;g;H 1 S 1 ' ''*''lm«H Jbt Li^S^H * :,(i:f" CAL tbie tradcf K' d thcgr at ft mirket for carpets ill the country. It is 40 m r. Or.in. CtiilanJer, » town of ScDtl.inil, In rcrthihin?, with a crinfulfralile in.inii- fadhiro of miiilin ; Icatnloii botii i'uWn of the IVith, over which \» a briiljii-, JO m wsw I'crth. Callanorff a town of Ilindoorian, in the province of Lahore, ^o m f. I/ihorc. Caltnoy a fiaport ot Peru, with ii guod hirbour, nnd a large and late ro.id de- fciidtd by the iflamls Cailao and St. Laurence. In the port cvi*ry ctimmo- dity is to be procured that vellelii may be III need of. The town was totally dcftroyed by an earthtpiake, in 1746, but has been rebuilt a little further from the Tea. It is feated 011 a river of the lame name, 5 m w Lima, of which it ii the port. Lon. 76 54 w, lat. 11 as. t'alle, or Cala, a town of Algiers, in tlic province of Conftantina, furrounded by a wall that has three gatci. Here is a coral filhery, and a trade in pmin, wool, leather, and wax. In the vicinity ire woods of excellent oak. It Hands on .1 rock, almoft furrounded by the lija, 36 m n by n Bona- ValUn, a borough of Ireland, in the County of Kilkenny, lom sw Kilkenny. CalUanee, a town of Hindoodan, 111 Dowlatabad ; the houfes built of roll* wood, and covered with thatch. It is (eatcd near the Kaknah, 74 m w Btder, and 150 ssE Aurungabad. Cailini^ton, a boroup:h in Cornwall, with a market on Wedncfday, and a manufadure of cloth ; lituate on the Lynher, la m s Launceftnn, and 216 w by s London. Calloma, a town of Peru, celebrated fur its filver mines, 70 m n by e Arc- quipa, and 170 s Cufco. CaUoo, a fortrefs of the Netherlands, in the territory of Wats, on the Scheldt, 5 m IV Antwerp. (Jalmart a leaport of Sweden, in Smoland, capital of adiftridtofitsname. It is celebrated as the place where the deputies of Sweden, DenniarK', and Norway were appointed to aflTemble for the election of a king, according to the Union of Calmar. On an eminence, near the town, is the ancient c.iftle, now converted into a diflillery. The chief exports are planks, alum, and hemp. It is {eated near the Haltic, 40 ir N^ E Carllcrona, and 190 ssw Stock- holm. Lon. 16 22 E, lat. 56 38 N. CalminOi an ifland of the Archipe- lago, near the coaft of Afia, 7 m Mw Stanchio. Lon. 26 46 e, lat. 36 156 N. CAM Citint,, a borotigh in Wiltlhire, with a miikct nn'l'uclday The chief nianu- iaciturc in cloth, and in the vicinity are many fulling and corn mills. It i» leatrd on a river ot" ihc liime name, i', m ■ Urillol, ami 8H w London. ('altura, a town on the w coall of Ceylon, with a fort. A j-'icit quantity of arrack is made here, ami oilier manu- fadiin-s carrieil on. It UaniN at the mouth of a large branch of ilie Muli. waddy, 28 in s by e Columbo. Lon. 795ft e, lat. 6 44 N. ( iilvados, a department of France, including part of the bite province of Normandy. It is lb called from a ridge of rockn of the lame name extending n m,near the coall of what was heretofore calh'd Normandy. Caen is the capital, Valvi, a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 8 m N Capua. iUilvi, a town of Corfica, on a craggy mountain and gulf of the liime name, with a Itronp fortrels and a good har. bour. It was taken by the Knglilh in 1794. It is 38 m Wflw Baftia. < W/tzv, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtembilrg, with a porcelain ma- nufaif^ure, and a great trade in llufi>,. It in 2o m sw Stutgard. Ccilzada, a town of Spain, in Old CalUle, formerly the (i^c of a bifliop. united to Calahorra. It is 45 m w Calahorra. Cam, a river that rills in Hertford- Ihire, flows by Cambridge into the ille of Ely, and there joins the Oufe, to which river it is navigable from Cam- bridge. Cattmna, a town of Peru, capital of a jurifdidlion. It is filuate on a river of the fame name, near the Pacific ocean, 70 m w Arequipa. C'amarun, an ifland of Arabia, in the Red lea, where there is a fifliery for white coral and pearl oyfters. Lon. 42 21 b, lat. 15 6 N. Camaret, a town of France, in the department of Finifterre. In an ex|!i'- dition againft Breft, in 1694. the Englifti landed here, and loft a great number of men. It Hands on a bay of the fame name, 8ms Breft. Camargue, an ifland, or cluftcr of illands, of France, in the moutl'.s of the Rhone, leparatcd by canals, and fortified. The whole contain Bo Iqune m ; the land is fertile, but the air n unwholefome. C'am/uit, the fonthernmoft province of Abyffinia, inhabited by a people caii- ed Seb-a-adja. who are a mixture of| pagans, Chriftians, and Mohamcdani. It is abundant in fruits. Camhaif, a ( dooftan, in the Aandson a gul was the Camaii tlirec bi/.ar*, a capable of fiip with water in drought. Itiipr are confidcrah aboundh in cor cornelian and a its rivers. The forenibfoidery. of which it ii tl lat. 2j 17 N. Camberf^, a t( county of NalTa rn K by s NalTa i'ainbletown \ Cambodiat or Afia, bounded Cochinchinaancj fea, and w by S /ftos by therii dia, which annij; try in the rain] and Odiober. Iti the fame with t tween the tropi fiibftance ftyled Camboja gum, tint. Though a the inhabitants a jion is idolatry, neral well made, yellow complex] long and large J women is Ihorte] handfome, but Fiufacfture very needlework is country about the prefent cent! Cochinchina. \ (Cambodia, or| the kingdom of L river Mecon, orl its mouth. Lonl Cambravf a fcf npital of the] with a citadel a| an archiepilcopj bilhopric. Thel cambric, lace, ij featedonthcScIf I-on. 3 14 E, laj 25 "1 in length ;] « hy Hainault, Artois. It is nc partment of Nol Cambridge^ IhJ Oiire, andliiatof CAM Cambaif, a confiderablc city of Ilin- dooftan, in thcproviiicc of" Gu/erat. It ft;»iid8 on a gult of the f;imf nami*, and was tlu' Ciinane* of I'tolptny. IliToan* tlirt'c hr/.an, and four public cillcrns, rap.ibli- of Cupplyiiig thi; whole town with water in tiinfs of the Rrcittfl drought. ItiprodudUand otinufatiluri's arc confidc'rab!*! ; for the country aboiindit in corn, cattle, and lilk ; and cornelian and agate floncs arc found in its rivcrH. The inhabitants ar«; noted fort-nibtoidfry. It is 50 m s Amcilabad, uf which it it the port. Lon. 72 34 v., lat. 32 17 N. Camberf[, a town of Germany, in the county of Naflau, fituatc on a hill, 17 rn K by s NaflTau. I'ambletoiun ; fee Campbeltoivn. (Jambodia, or Camboja, a kingdom of Afia, bounded on the N by Lao, e by CochinchinaandCiampa, shy the China Tea, and w by Siam. It is divid<'d from ^ to s by the river Mecon, or Cambo- dia, which annually overflows thecoun- try in the rainy lealbn, between June and Odlobei'. Its produdlioni arc much the fame with thole ufually found be- iwpen the tropics; and that peculiar fubftauce ftylcd gamboge, or ratht-r Camboja gum, yielding- a fint- yellow tint. Though a country rich l-y nature, the inhabitants are few; and their rdi- jion is idolatry. The men are in ge. neral well made, with long hair, and a yellow complexion ; their drci's is a long and large robe : the drefs of the women is fliorter and clofer ; they arc handfome, but immodcft. Tlicy ma- nufadlure very fine cloth, and their needlework is much elleemed. This country about the commencement of the prefent century became I'ubjeft to Cochinchina. Cambodia, or Levek, the capital of the kingdom of Cambodia, feate d on the river Mecon, or Cambodia, 230 m from itsmouth. Lon. 104 50 e, lat. 13 on. Cambray, a fortified city of France, capital of the department of Nord, with a citadel and fort. It was lately an archicpifcopal (ee, but is now onh a bilhopric. The chief manufa*Jture9 are cambric, lace, Ibap, and leather. It is feated on the Scheldt, loa m nne Paris. Lon. 3 14 E, lat. 50 II N. Cambrefis, a late province of France, 25 m in length ; bounded on the n and Js by Hainault, s by Picardy, and w by Artois. It is now included in the de- partment of Nord. Cambridge^ the capital of Cambridge- Oiire, and Icat of a celebrated uniTcrfity. CAM It ii a borough, governed by a mayor, and has a market on VVcdiicfd.iy and Saturday. The townh.dl and Ihire- houfe arc the only buildings of not« that do not belong to the univiTlity. The county gaol u the g.itehoule of an ancient caftir, built by William f. In the market place, which e^nliUt of two Ipacious oblong li^uaren, uiiiltd to- gether, is Ilolifon conduit, which is coiidantly running. Mere are i4parilli churches, three diflVnting mi-eting> houfcH, and a fynagogue. The num- ber of inhabitants was lo.oH; in iKoi| and ii,jo8 in 1S13, The trideconiifli chiefly in oil, iron, and corn. The uui- vctliiyiH fuppolird tohavebtTU fianidcJ during the heptarchy. It contains t a colleges, and four halls, which have equal privileges with the colleges. The colleges are, Peterhoufe. Corpus Chrifti, or Renet, Gouville and Caius, Kings, (Queens, Jedis, Chrift, St- John, Mag- dalen, Trinity, Kmanuel, and Sidney- Suflt-'X. The halls are Clare, Pembroke, Trinity, and Catherine. Of the colleges, Peterhoufe is the mod ancient, being founded in 1257. Kings college is the noblelt foundation in Kurope, and the chapel one of the finelt pitcesof G 'thic archiletfturc in the world. The library, chapel, &c. of Truiity college juftly place it in the firft rank. The other ftruiJtures beloiijiing to the univerlity are the fenatc houli', which, with St. Mary's church, the Ichools, theuniver- fity library, and other buildings, form a noble fquare. Here i.s alio a botanical garden, and a general hofpital, called Addenbrookc, from the name of the founder. In a field 2 m ne of the town, and under the juvildidtion of the uui- verfity, is hold an annual fair, called Stourbridge or Sturbich Fair, which commences on the 7th of S»;ptcmber, and continues a fortnight. Cambridge is feated on the river Cam, 17 ms Ely, and 51 M by E Loudon. Lon. o 4 e, lat. 52 12 N. CambrUget a town of Msflachufcts, in Micidlefex county, with a handibnie court-houle, and a feminary, called Harvard Univerfity, one of the firll lite- rary inftitutlons in America. It Itands on Charles river, over which is a bridge to the s; and 4 m to the w is another, by which it is connected with Bolton. Cambridge^ a fortified town of S Ca- rolina, capital of the diltrift of Ninety- fix, with a court-houfe and a college. Near this place, then called Ninety-fix, the Britilh troops were defeated by the Americans in 178 1. It is 60 m w by k M ♦< I , :i1 i; :'. yiu. r V'».; '■■ Jr h'lj ;\ "' '-if- C A M Columbia, and 140 nw Ch.irli'fton Lod' Hi ,v> w> I'lt- 34 V " Cambri'ijff, n town of Miryland, chlrfoi nou'hcltrr county, fitii.ur on tli<> Cli()pt ink, t.< in from its ntoiith in Chcf.ipiMk bny, and 6.^ n Ki' ion. Lon. 76 10 w. lat. .|H |8 N. i'(tmhriJ\felhire, a county ..'.ngl.ind, hoiiiul>'d|oii tilt Nw by LiiiL.ii 'iiirc, nk l>y Norfolk, c. I»y Suffolk, s by KlIinHnd Ili-rtforMlliire. .tuI w by ibt* counties of lliintiiir^don, Hollord, and Northamp- ton- It i« 50 m long and as b'oul.con- tiiiii 4^),o4^ acres; in diviJrd into 15 liiindredH, .ind 161 pirilhc ; li.i« a city, a tiniveriity, and U markot-towus ; and O'lids fix uu'mbcrs to parlianntit The iiutnbcr of inhatiitants wa!« 89,^46 in 1801, and lot, 107 in iBij- T' e prin- cipal rivf rH art' tht; Onle, Nen, and Cam. The foiithi rn and caftcrn parts an* plea- i'.int and hcaltliy ; but the nothtrn part, called the file of Ely, is low and fenny, from the conflui'nce of many riven. All tho waters of the middle part of Eng- land, which do not flow into the Tliamrs or the Trent, run in'o thrle fens ; and in the latter part of the year, thfy are fometimes overflowed by water, or appear covered with fogs. Sec Bed- ford t^ctiel. Catfi6ri//a, or Cambrilles, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, furroundcd by a wall, and feated near the fca. 14 m w by s Tarragona. Camden^ adiftri(ft of S Carolina, com- prehending the counties of Fairfiold, Richland, Clarcmlon, Claremont, Ker- fhaw, Salem, and Lancafter. It pro- duces corn, tobacco, and cotton. Camden, a town of S Carolina, in Kerfliaw county, capital of Camden diftridt. It was the fcenc of two battles in the American war ; one in 1780, be- tween lord Cornwallis and general Gates, and the other in 17P1, between lord Rawdon and ucneral Greene. It ftands on the river Wateree, or Cataw- ba, by means of which the inhabitants carry on a trade with the back country. It is 35 m NE Columbia. Lon. 8054 w, lat. 34 la N, Camden^ a town of the diftridl of Maine, in Lincoln county, on the w fide of Penobfcot bay, 36 m ene Wif- caiTet. Lon. 69 20 w, lat- 44 to n. Camel, a river in Cornwall, which rifeij 1 m K of Camelford, flows s al- moft ic Bodmin, and then kw to Pad- ftow, where it enters f.ie Briftol chan- nel. Its banks were the fcene of fome bloGviy battles between the Britons and Saxons. CAM Cnmelhri, a borough In Cornw ill, eovi rni'd Ity a mayor, wtih a market on Friday A great (lu.nility ot yarn ii rpiiM in Ihiit pl.i('i' and iti« iiritod. It \\ ieatrd on th«- C.imel, 14 m w Latinctlton, and 1:8 w by 1 London. ('nnifrhio, a town of Ititly, in the maiipiilate of Arcona, and an arch- bilhop's ft'c. It in fcat'd on a moun- tain, near the rivir Chiento, 17 ni hw Anona. Lon. 13 o ». Itt 4.5 15 n. i'amitt, a (♦•aport of Further Pomc« rania, and onci* a bifhop'n ffe, which was freulari/ed at the \>yAi:f of Weft, phali.ii but it dill han a tine cathe- dral and a chapter. Hh navigation and commi'ree .it'- very exlenfivc, and it has a Kreat trade in beer. It ftand.s on the Diwtnow, or i-. month of the Odcri oppofifc the ifle of Wolliii, 25 ni n Stettin. Lon. 14 m v., lat. 5.) 54 n. ('(ntiiiil'.n, A town of Portugal, in En. tre Douro e Mmho, with a fort ; feated at the mouth of the Miitho, i> m n< Vijna. Campii}(nn, or Campania, a town of N.iples, III Principato Citra, 40 \n *% Naples. Campaj^na di Rcma, anciently La. tium, a province of Italy, in the Lcclc- fialtical State, extending 60 m st along the Mediterranean, to the frontiers of Naples. I'oimerly the bed peopled and beft cultivated fpot in the world, few villages, litde cultivation, and fcarcely any inhabitants (except in the capital and its neighbourhood) are now to be feeii ; nothing, in (hort, but the fcattered ruins of temples and tombs, which prefent the idea of a country de- populated by pellilence. Rome is the capital. Campfie/toKvrtt or Cambleto^un, a bo. rough and fcaport of Scotland, in Ar- gylefhire, fituate on a bay toward the s extremity of the peninfula of Cantyre. It has a con fidcrable trade in coal and the diflillation of whilky, befide being the general rendezvous of the finiing vtf- fels that annually vifit the w coaft. The number of inhabitants was 7093 ii> 1801, and 7807 in 1811. It is 65 m ssw Inverary. Lon. 5 3* w, lat. 55 26 N. Campden, a corporate town in Glou- ceftirfliire, with a market on Wednef- day, 22 m NE Glouccfter, and 90 wnw London. Campeachy, a town of New Spain, in Jucatan, on the w coaft of the bay of Campeachy, defended by ftrong forts. The port is large, but (hallow; and the chief exports are logwood and W.1V. It WAR taken b/ the CngllDi In 16.V). I»y the liuco;)ncr*r!«in lAjMi^ndhy tlic .ii'ebduliTii f)fSt. D(>minj{^J "' '^H^. It ii<>H ni Nvv Mcrkl.i. I.on yo ji W, lit. 19 51 s. i'amftu» liijuorx Canada w.ii conoucr. ed by the EiiKlifh In 1759, and confirm- ed to them by the Fnnch at the pc.ice of 1761. In 1791, this country was di- vided into two provinces, (fpper and Lower Cinada, which have fiiice m.ide great progn fn in population and agri- culture. Upper Canada is dc«med the garden of America, and not fubjeil to the extreme heat or cold of the lower province. The chief prodiidts for ex- portation are flour, wheat, pofalh, oak and pine timber, maftx, Itavrs, planks, ami firewood. The principal inconve- niences to which this province is fubjed arc the fills and rapids of the St. Law- rence, which impede the navigation be- tween Kingflon and Montreal. Lower Canada is tree from fuch impediments ; and to the export articles above enu- merated may be added pea<, barley, malt, cured hfli.and furs. York in the upper province, and Ciucbcc in the lower, are the chief townn. Canajohary, a town of New York, in Montgonncry county. Its vicinity abounds with apple-trees, planted by the Mohawk Indi.ins, from which is made cider of an excellent cpiality. It Itands on a creek of the fame name, on Mohawk river, 35 m n e Cooperftovvn, and 56 WNW Albany. Canal, Duke of Dridgeiuater's, in England, the firft grand work of the kind in the kingdom, begun in 1758. It commenced at Wordey, 7 m from Manchefler, where, at the foot of a mountain compofed of coal, a bafin is cut, containing a great body of water, which ferves as a refervoir 10 the navi- gation. The canal runs under a hill from this bafin, about 1 300 yards, to the coal works. At Barton bridge, 3 nifrom the bafin, is an aquedudt, which, for up- ward of aoo yards, conveys the canal acrofsthe riverlrwell ; it has threearchcs over the river, and the middle one will admit the largeft barges to pafs through with mafts and fails flanding At Long- ford bridge, the canal turns to the right, and crofTing the iMerfey, pafTes near Al- tringham, Dunham, Grapcnhall, Kaul- ton, into the tide way of the Mcrfey, at Runcom Gap, when? barges can come into the canal from Liverpool, at lovr M if- ' NiU ', I w :\ ^i ',', fi *' II t ! C \S water. ThU n«vip.itinti ii mnr<> ihAn •9 m in IrnKth i atnl it i« now rx'rnilfti J m fnrtlifc, frum Wotfl" y i«» I.' Ik'i. ('ttitnl, Orand, nr lml>i-ti(tl. In Oin.i, ■ ftiipcniliiiit work, which «xtniil« from M to 1 tipwAttl of 41.) m. from the river Kn ho, n little n of 'long tchAiis, in ClianyiunKi to ll.inc'i tchoii, la Trlii'-lki.ing. Ill thii coiirfr it riiti .it right ii.^kI'^ frvrr.ii river* from the w, th«? (inai\*r rtrc.im* of which trrml noting in itt iiffonl .t conllint ftipply of witcr I unil tht thrfe i^rt'M rivi-n, ilie I'll ho to ihi! north, »lii' llih.in ho about tiK mttlJlc, ;intl the Kiin-kii tnw.»ril the font h, InterlV^ling the c.umI, cirry llio I'liprriluiiUH w^t^•r to the f«M M.my iliiVuiiltir* mull hive avilrn in .itvom- motlating the ffriicr.il level of tlic c tiiii to the i'ever,il Irveli of thi* ftctling ftrramij for it has lien: foiirul ncci'lfiry in many pl.ic»;», to cut lo the tiopth of 60 cr ;o icct l>cl i\v liu* (urface ; anvi in others to raifc motiiulK of c.irth upon bkei, fw.imps, and n-.trlhy griuirds, of ^nwi liMigth and m,ij;iiitui!e. Thcl'i.* gigantic einhankmeiiti arc c'.irried through lakes of iVvcral milcA in di« inuter, bflwccn which the watrr is ktpt to a heiRlit conliilir.thly above th.it uf the lake ; niul in fiicli fituations tliii c'lionnous aquediK'l fometimeii i;liditt along at the latc of tbicc miles an h>'Ur. Few parts of it .ir<.> level : in fomc places it has liitle or no currnit ; in 01 hers it feti to the n and s altei'- natcly at thi? rate of one, two, or three miles an hour. The balancing of tht* level is cffc(Jk'd by ilood-g.ites thrown iicrofs at certain tliltarces to elevate or dcprrfs the height of tlie water a few inches, as appears neciirary, and by fluicco on the fides of ihf embank- ments, through which the fuporfluoiis water is let out i:ito tin* lakes iind fwMinps. The lloodi;ate8 are fimply planks Hiding in jrooves that arc cut into the lidcs of two Hone piers, which in thcfc places contradl the canal to the width of about 30 feet ; and at each is a guard-houfe, with foldicrs to draw up and let down the planks as occafion re- quires. From the Ilulun-ho to the Kian-ku the cr.untry abounds in lakes and marlby ground, and the canal is carried in fomo parts 20 I'eet above the level of the country, 200 ftct in width. There is not a lock, nor, except the floodgate.s, a finj^le interruption to the whole navigation. Canal, Grand JunSiion, in England, a work th it Joins feveral other canals in the centre of the country, which thence ^rm a communication between the CAM riven Th«mri, flcvrrn, Merfcf, iitd Trent, and, confecpu-nity, an InUmt n>ivi|{;iiii»ti to the four piineip.il fr^* ports, London, HriHol, Liverpool, ami lliill This eatial eomnicnce* at Mraun* fton, on the w bonier* of N>>rth.-*.mp< tntilhirc, pairrs by I).iv>nlry ti> Slonf Stratford \n UiK'kiiit(h.i'»lhirr> tbrncR on the ootilbii'i of Ucibordlbire, w of Liinhtoii Uii/./.ird, to TiiiiK, McrUham. (ted, and Ki> kininfworlh, in tlcrtforc|. (hire, iind throiiftb Miiliilefen by UX' bridge to Hniitlord, where it enters the Th.irnfi, 1: m by th.U riirer aliovn London. It is* upw.ird of 90 m in UnRth. C'litt/il, (hand Tn4ui, in Knglanl in (itlxTi ID o mili't. ( y fhrit,' lliiicii into Iho (iiri)iini'. At St. I'Vrreol, iH'.ir Ki-vi'l, between two rocky hills, ii .1 f,XM\i\ balitii .ihovc 1000 iVct in di.tmetcr, into wliicli th<- rivulet L.iudot it received ; and hence three lirge cockiof cafl hrnf* (iptn and dilch.irnc the water, which then ^ocH under tho nam»' of the river Uttdot, and contiiuieit iti couric to llic cin.il callfd Uittoli; do l.i I'l.iino. Thence it is conveyed to another ri Ici* voir nr.ir N.uirouiV, out of which ii is cor.Tt'ycd by lluioen, hoth to the Mcdi- ii'rt.uie.ui .ind Atlantic, an tin. '-anal rc- i;iiir<'i» It i this hfin^ th«; hi^^hclt point hitween the two iVa)). Neai JJfziers ail' right Unices, which form a regular jiij grand cifcadc, 916 fe«'t long and 66 tctt high, hy which vcnV'ls croii the liver ()rbe,ai)d conlinnetheir voyage on ihfcan.il. Above it, lu-tween Hi'/ici-* Jiul Capeihin, is the Mal-l'an, wlitn? the aniil is conveyed, for liic Icngtli of 720 I'rct, under a niotmtain. At i\^\^Q is a iMitid lluicf, with three opening*, ihree (lilicnnt depths of the water inctlinK hrt;; and the gates are Ii) conirivi-d, thil vi'ir.lH may pal'> through hy open- ing which Ihiicethenviftcr pieafciJ. The ciiial has ,^7 .Kpiedutfls, and its length from Toiiloiile to Uc/iers, where it joins tJK' river Orbe, is 152 in. CimtiHihi/iun, A town tjt New York, chict' ot Ontario comity, fuiiate on the ^ end of a lake of the lame name, at itf outlet into Canandaqua crei'k, wliich I runs t; into Seiiecu rivir. .'I'lie l.ikifis :o m long and j bro.ul. 1 he town itiiiilson a pleaiant rife from the lake, l«j m tsK Niagara, and 130 w by n |Co(ipprilown. ^'aiiattore, :\. town of Ilinilooflan, in iMalabar, defended by a fortrel-s with ntlicr works after the Europ'.au fidhion. CAN It ii the hf4J(|iiuier« of iht prnviiicf» hat fevtral very kol<, winch ((ivc* n«mc to the whole, ami ii Ihc I't.it vi government. It is 40 m lon^ and 20 broid i th'.* midilie pot very nunintalii. own, In that oiii' lide i» lomttimei Itormy, whik' the other is (piitc calm- The nir Is ti-mpt*iate, the water plentiful and good, and it has abundance of herb^i and delicious fiiiit.K II(*re are two whi*.-ir harvells, in IMiriiary and May ( and the corn m.ik< 9 bread as white ai I'now. A greil (piantity of lig if in niiiL* hirr ; and of thi.' wine c.iilcil Sick, which is hence often ti-rrned Canary. Tlwre are great plenty of hoincil cittlc poultry, t)ig-,ons, niul paitruli^M ; .uiil Caiiair ) rilx, with lom«! oilurs of (he fime fi/i', Icldom vitit any of the Caiiaiics, except tiiis ill iiul and Ferro, which an* the moll foiitluMly. Th'j chici town is Canary. ('(inuriett or Vannri/ Ijiar.ht anciently c lied die Fortunate Ml iiidH,aic thirteen in number, lying in the i\ Atl.intic ocean, near the continent of Afiica* Seven of th' m are conlideralile, namely, Palma, F^iro, (lomera, TenerilT, Ca- iiari'i, i'ortevt ntiira, and Lar.cirota ; the other fix itc very Imall, Oraciof;!, Roccn, Allegranza, St. Clare, Inferno, and Lobos. They I elong to the Spani- ards, and produce corn, filk, tobacco, (ugar-canes, and fxcellcnt wine. t'anutt/, or l*al»ios, the capital of the idand of Canaria, antl a biiliop's ftf, with a caille on a hill. It is 3 m in cir- cumference, and the relidciice of the go- vernor and liivereigii council of the C.i- naries. Lon. 15 41 w, lat. 2S 4 n. Canrii/c, a town of France, in the de- partmf;nt of Mo and Vilaiiie, I'eattd ou a bay of its n.inie, and celebranil for oyllers. The Ennlilh l.iiuK'd here in 1758, and proceeded by lanil to burn the Ihips at St. Malo. It i^ 9 lu t Si. Malo, .Tiid 40 NNW Rciincs. 4 M- ['■■* M i lit t I ft ■ .i« .f J.; . ' ,T M CAN Cundahar, a countiy of Afia, between the river Indus .iiid Perlia, bounded on the N by Cabul, e by Lahorr, se by Moiiltan, and w by Scgill.in. Tlu' do- minions of the fultan of this country, extend wftward to the neighbourhood of thccityof TcrfhiOi ; including Cabul, Pcifhore, Ghiani, Gaur, S«'giftan, and Chorafan ; a XxAti not Itfs than 650 m in length, its breadth unknown ; and, on the ; fide of the Indur., he pof- fcflcs the territory of Cafhmcre, and fome didriifts N or tin >.ity of Attock. Thefe countries are all called by the general uanii' of the Country of the AlxhilH. Aiimiil Aiulalla, tlie founder of this kingdom, was originally the chief of an Algiian tribe, named Abdal (wiicncc the winic Ahdalli) who was ftript of his comiiry l)y N.idir Shah, in i73t;. On tlie death of Nadir, he fud- denly appeared among his former fub- jecls, and creded a confiderabie king- dom if the caftern part of Perlia, add- ing to it mofl: of the provinces to the w of the Indus, which had liecn ceded by the great mogul to Nadir Shah, toge- ther with Cafhmere on the e of that liver. See Afghanijlan. Candahar, a city and the capital of the country of the faire name. It is furrounded by walls and ditches, and has a confiderabie trade. While the Perfian and Mogul empires were each entire, it was the frontier fortrtfs to- ward Perfia. It is feated on the Har- mend, which divides it in two pans, 145 mssw Cabul. Lon.65 2a e, lat. 33 o n. Candeijh, a province ot the Deccon of Hindooftan, fuLije(5l to the Poonah Mahrattas ; bounded on the n by Malwa, E by Berar, s by Dowlatabad, and w by Baglana. The foil is fertile, though mountainous, and produces abundance of cotton. Burhanpour is the capital. Candes, a town of France, in the de- jjartment of Indre and Loire, at the conflux of the Vienne with the Loire, 30 m wsw Tours. Candia, an ifland in the Mediterra- nean, formerly Crete, lying to the s of the Archipelago. It is i8» m long and 50 broaa^ and pervaded by a chain of mountains. The foil is fertile ; and it abounds in fine cattle, fheep, fwine, poultry, game, corn, wine, oil, filk, and honey. It was taken by the Turks, in 1669, after a war of 25 years. It was attempted to be retaken by the Vene- tians, in 1692, without effe is in the mid- dle of this ifland. CAN Candia, the capital of the Ifland of the fame name, and the fee of a Greek archbiihop. Thoirgh populous former- ly, little of it remains befide the walls and the market place ; and the harbour ik now fit for nothing but boat.^. It is feated on the n fide of the ifland, 500 m .nsvv C'oiiilantinople. Lon, 15 18 e, lat. ,^5 fQ N. Vnndlemas J/esy two iflands in the Southern oeeau, near Sandwich Land. Lon. 27 13 w, lat. 57 10 s. Candy, a kingdom of Ceylon, con- taining about a fourth of the illand. It occupies the middle pait of the ifland, and nowhere extends to the feacoall, « jxept about jo m on the eafiern nioit'. The country is mountainous ; very woody on the frontiers, ;>nd diflficult of aceel's. The central part confills of mountains cultivated to their fiimmits, intcr'ptrfed with villages, rivulets, and cattle; well trodden foot p.iths in all tliredioDs ; fruitful vallics, with grovfs of areka, jacca, cocoa-nut, limef, orang(;s, iVc. with fine villages, and fields of paddy and other grain, well watered by the ftrcams pouung down from the mountains. In many parts of the interior, volcanos have burit forth at difFennt times ; and the hills feemto pofiefs the principle of thofe eruptions. Iron and other ores are to be met with; but the Candians, for years pad, have paid no attention to difcovering or working any of the veins. The air is fubjedt to heavy fo^s and dews at night, fucceeded by e::eeirively hot and fuitry weather by day ; rain and thunder are alfo frequent and violent. The inha- bitants ui'e fire-arms, and bows and a>- rows for weaponc of offence. The king is abfolute ; and he is clothed in all the Ibte and fplendour of other Afiatic princes; but with the peculiar diftinc- tion of a crown, which he flatters him- felf no other monarch is eatitled to wear. See Ceylon. Candy, the capital of a kingdom of | the fame name, in the ifland of Ceylon. It was often burnt by the Poriugutfej i when they were mafters of thefe coafts. | It is more regularly built than moft In- dian towns. The principal ftreet is I about a m long, and very broad ; and though the houfes in general have but one ftory, they appear to have two, from the number of Heps running iipj fidewife and clofe to the wall of the! houfe, fo that the door is at lead thel height of a flory from the ftreet. This! manner of building is to avoid the mif-j chiefs which the elephant-fights, cele-f bratcd in this jetty's ainufemi tothehoult's. I out on both Hi. of no great len| terminates the Ihcct ; it is a fc; built of a kin( white, with ft was ent(!red b Feb. ifloj, the I bitants tiaving pi the perfidy of unhealthiner; o: pewits, they cap in June, but on t all mafTacrcd. ' the centre of t of a fteep hill, ( Lon. 80 53 E, la' Canea, a ftronj Candia, with a environs are adc vineyards, gardcr d with myrtio at taken by theTt.T fence of two moi tors lofl 25,000 : the N coalt of thi Candia. Lon. 24 Canete ; fee Ca, Caneto, a town feveral times takJ French and Auft Uglio, ao m w i\J Carja, a towr f'o'.^'o, on the •*5t. Salvador. Loi Caugitino, a tov cipato Citra, 40 r ^'angoxima, a ft on the moft fout ofXimo, with a At the entrance o lioufe, on a lofty of the rock is ; ihipping. Here oils magazines, bi ror, fome of whi fire. Lon. 133 j Caniaderagoy a lork, in Otfego l JJtfego, and 9 m li Oaks Creek iflue mto the Sufqueha . 'anina, a town 'nAit>ania,neartl of Venice, 8 m n ^anifrha, a fti Hungry. It wal fne Turks, who , 'twas taken by 1 Wockade of two inovis ; very CAN brated in this great (Ireot for his ma- jcily's amnfcirifiit, would otherwife do to the hollies. Many ItflerltrcitB branch out on both fides the main Areet, but of no great length. The king's p vlace ttrminatea the upper end of the great llrtct ; it is a fquare of immcnfc extent, built of a kind of cement, perfeiJtIy white, with (lone gateways. Cau'iy w;i» entered by the Britiih troops in Fel). ifloj, the king and principal inha- bitants having previouflyfled ; but from the perfidy of the Candians, and the unhealthinefti of the climate to Kuro- pe.ui8, they capitulated to evacuate it in June, but on the third day after were all mafTacrcd. The town is fcatedncar the centre of the ifland, on the top of a deep hill, 9-) m e by n Columbo. Loii. 80 j2 E, lat. 7 15 N, Canea, a ftrong town of the illand of Candia, with a good harbour. The environs are adorned with olive trees, vineyards, gardens, and brooks, border- ed with myrtic and laurel roles. It was taken by theTijrks, in 1645, after a de- fence of two mouths, in which the vic- tors loft 25,000 men. It is feated on the N coaft of the ifland, 63 m vv by n Candia. Lon. 24 7 e, lat- 35 27 n. Canete ; fee Cagnete. Vanelo, a town of Italy, in Mantuan, feveral times taken and retaken by the French and Auftrians ; fcated on the Uglio, ;io m w Mantua. Carga, a town of the kingdom of Co'.j,'o, on the river Zaire, a8o m nk ^t. Salvador. Lon. 17 lo e, lat. ; 10 s. Caugianoi a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Citra, 40 m u by s Salerno. Cangoxima, a ftrong le.iport()f .Japan, on the moft fouthern verge of the ifle of Ximo, with a commodious harbour. At the entrance of the haven is a light- houfe, on a lofty rock ; and at the foot of the rock is a convenient road for ihipping. Here are large and fumptu- ous magazines, belonging to the empr - ror, fome of which are ^j.oof againft fire. Lon. 133 15 e, hit. 32 10 n. CaniaderagOi a narrow lake of New Vork, in Otfego county, 6 m w of Lake Otfego, and 9 m long. A ftream called Oaks Creek iffues from it, and flows into the Sufquehana. ('Oninat a *own of European Turkey, in Albania, near the entrance of the gulf of Venice, 8 m n Vaiona. Canifiha, a ftrong town of Lower Hungary. It was taken, in 1600, by the Turks, who held it tifl 1690, when it was taken by the Auftrians, after a blockade of two years, and ceded to CAN ilie rmperor hy the peace of Carlowitz. It is I15 m sbw Raab. Lon. 17 10 e, lat 46 30 N. ('anna, one of the Hebrides of Scot- land, fw of the ifle of Skye. It is 4 m long and a mile broad ; the high parts producing excellent p tftnre for cattle, and the low is tolenlily fertile. Here are many bafaltic columns ; and Com- PtCs hill is remarkable for its effetit on the magnetic needle. On the se fide of Canna is Sand ifland, fcparated by a narrow channel, and between ihem is » well-frequented harbour. Lon. 6 38 w, lat. 57 13 N. Cnno ; fee Ghana- Vamhtai a town of Italy, in Mila- nefe, on the lake Alaggiore, 35 m nnw Milan. Canoge, a town of Hindooftan, in thr province of Agra. It is faid to have been th(=< capital of all Hindooftan, unucr the piedeccfTor of Porus, who fought againft Alexander; and that in the 6th century it contained 30,000 fhops, in which betel-nut was fold. It is now reduced to the fize of a middling town, and feated on the Calini, near its conflux with the Ganges, 1 10 m E by s Agra- Lon. 80 13 e, lat. 27 3 n. Canon/htirg, a town of Pennfylvania, in Wafliington ccmty, on the w branch of Chartier creek, 4 m above Morganza, and 15 ssw Pittfijurg. Canofa, a town of Naples, in Terra di Bari, which ftands on part of the fitp of the ancient Canufium, one of the moft magnificent cities of Italy. Be- tween Canola and the river Ofanto are ftill fome traces of the ancient town of Canna:, in the plain of which was fought the celebrated battle between Hannibal and the Romans, wherein the latter loft 45,000 men. Canofa is 4 m w by n Irani. Canouly a town of Hindooftan, in Golconda, capital of a circar of the fame name. It is no m ssw Hydrabad. Lon. 78 7 E, lat. 15 48 N. Canourgue, a town of France, in the department of Lozerc, with a trade in cattle and woollen ftufFs ; fcated near the Lot, 13 m sw Mende. Canfo, an ifland at the se extremity of Nova Scotia, with a cape, town, and port of the fame name. The port is three leagues in length, formed by many- other fmall iflands and the mainland. To the NW of the ifland is a narrow ftrait, called the Gut of Canfo, which feparates Cape Breton from Nova Scotia. Lon. 60 55 w, lat. 45 20 n. Canjladti a town of Suabia^ ia the M f'lf i.t CAN* duchy of Wirtemberg, with a maniifiic- tuif ()t'|)iiiitod coituns. In the lu-iglibour- Jii. (I arc iimc medicinal i'prings. It is le.iti'd on thf Ncckar, ^ in n'k Stutgard. ('ar.tal, a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of Auvrrgne. It ii> lb called from a moiin- Viiii, ntnr tho centre of the department, wholi; fiimmit ic always covered with j'now. The capital is St. Flour. ('anfnzaro, a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Citra, mar the fea, ;6 m sw St. .St'vcrino. Vanterbury, a city in Kenh, capital of the county, and the fee of an arch- bilhop, who is primate of all F'ngland. It was the Liuu.wriuim of the Romans, atid founded before the Chrillian era. The cathednd, a large flnnJturc, was onco famous U^r the Ihrine of Thoinaa Ikckct, a turbulent pried, who was murdered htre in 1170, and afterward made a faint. In this cathedral are in- terred Henry iv and Edward the black prince. The city has likewiR" 14 parilli churches; the remains of many Roman anticjuitie? ; an ancittnt caftle with walls and a deep ditch; and a graminar-fchool founded by Ileiiry viii. It is a county of ilfelf, poveined by a mayor; poflcfles » fhare of the filk aud cotton manufac- tures ; and is noted fvjr excellent brawn. The adjacent country produces abund- :uice of hops. The number of inhabit- ants was 9, coo in 1801, and io,sco in j8ti. It hasamaikcr on W ednefday and Saturday, and is leatcd on the Stour, 55 m ESE London. Lon. 1 5 k. lat.51 i8 N. Cinitirbury, a town of Connciflicut, in \Vindhaui county, on the k. fide of the Quinabang, 11 in u by s Windham. i'anth, a town of Siiefia, on the river Weillritz, 15 m sw Bredau- Cautillajut, a town of Spain, in An- dahifia, on the Guadalquiver, 35 m nne Seville. Cantiii, Cape, a promontory of the Atlantic ocean, on the coalt of Mo- rocco. Lon. 9 5 w, lat 32 49 n- Canton, a city and f aport of China, capital oTtlie province of Quang-tong, fcatcd on one of the fin. (I rivers in the empire. It confifts of thice towns, di- vided by high walls, but fo conjoined as to form almnli a regular kiuare. The flreetsare long and tlriight, paved with tlag.ftones, and adorned with tri- umphal arche:. The hnufts arc only a ground floor, built of earth, and co- vi'red with tiles. The better clafs of people a>e can icd about in cnuirs ; but the common ibrt walk l)arefooted and C \P bareheaded. Thry have manufatflurei of their own, efpecially of filk AulFs ; and their gocnl^ are carried by porters, for they havo IK) wagons. At tl.c end of every llnri is a barrier, which is (hut every evening, as well as the gates of the city. The river is covered witli barks, wliich have apartments in them for famllicf., where many refidc and have no other habitation. The num- ber of inhabit.ints is fuppoled to be 1,500,0, o. The immenli.' quantity of money which foreign velTirls bring to this city, draws hither a crowd of mer- chants from all the provinces ; that its warchoufes contain the rarell produc- tions of (the foil, and the moft valuable of the Chineft: manufadures. It is iioo m s Peking. Lon. 1 13 :o R, lat. 13 6 n. Cantyrey a peninl'ida of Scotland, in Argylelhire, 35 m long and 7 broad, connedted on the n by an ifthnius, fcarce a mile broad, to the mountainous dillridt of Knapilale. To the s it ter- minates in a promontory, called the Mull of Caniyre, on which is a light- houfe. Lon. 5 42 w, lat. 55 \f> n. Cauy, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Seine, fituate in a country which produces great quantities of corn and flax, 26 m nw Rouct. Caorlo, a Imall illand in the gulf of Venice, on the coaft of Friuli. It has a town of tl;e lame name, 20 m sw Aqui- leia. Lon. 1 2 30 e, lat. 45 42 n. Capaccio, a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Citra, the refidence of the billiop and canons of Pasftum, the majeftic ruins of which city are in the vicinity. It is 20 m SE Salerno. Cape, and Cape-toivn ; fee Good Hofie, Cape of. Cape Breton \ fee Breton, Cape : and other Capes, in like manner, fee under their rcipetflivc names. Cape Fear Hiuer ; fee Fear, Cape- Cape/If, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aifne, 10 m NE Guiefe. Capejian, a town of France, in the department of Ilerault, near the river Aude and the canal of Languedoc, 6 m w Beziers. Capijlano, a town of Naples, in Cals- bria Ultra, 20 m n e Squilluce. Ca/ntatiata, a province of Naples, bounded on the n by the gulf of Ve- nice, E by Terra diBari, sby Bafilicata and Principato Ultra, and w by Molife and Abruzzo. It is a level country, with(.ut trees; has a fandy foil, and a hot air ; but the land near the rivers ii fertile in paftnies. Luccrais the capital. Capo Fifio, a barren rock in the tcf^ ritor/ of Gen ralter.i peak, fame name, 13 56 K, hli 44 2( Capo d' Iflr'u of lltria, and : on a fm dl ifla connedted with way, which ii The principal i and fdt. it is o K, lat. 4'; 40 J Cappel, a to duchy of SleAvi NE Sk-rwlck. ^'appoqnin, a county of Wa feated on the 1 Dungarvon, an( Capraja, an ranean.to the n cumfcrence. It name, with a g( by a caflle. Lc Capri, an iflar at the entrance ( nearly oppofite long and a bro acc(;ffible only ii the retreat of e here fpent the 1 in luxurious debi 'ity of quails cc and the tenth forms a great pa bifhop, who is h of Quails. Capri, the caj: fame name, and caftlc. It was o embellilhed witi which were der of Tiberius. Itl Lon. 14 loE, la( Capua^ a ftrol Terra di Lavor/ fee, with a citadj ancient Capua, its ruins. No L Rome, containsi ancient infcriptic much by an eart| of cavalry were of their barrackfl of a mountain, 20 m N Naples. 7N. Cava, a river . from the N extrcl tains, and flows! koi, in the Arcti boundary betwed »hc fpace of aboil ^aratatay, a CAR ritor/ of Genoa, with a cadle on ili Mltt;rii peak. Near it is ;i p'jrt of tlie fame nimc, 13 m kse Genoa. Lon. 8 56 K. I.li 44 20 N. Cflpo d' JJlria, a town ofltcily, cipital of lltiia, and a bifliop's fee. It rtinds on a frtuli ifland in the enlf of Tried, coiinedlt'd with the continent by a canfe- way, which is defended by a callli*. Tht; principal reviTMie conlilts in wini; and f,dt. It is 8 m s Tricft. Lon. 14 o K, lat. 4', 40 N. ('/7/>/>f/, a t(;<; m in circumference, containing leveral iflands. It is formed by a branch of the Danube, not lar from its entrance into the Black fea- Caravaca, a town of .Spain, in Murcia, feated among mountains, 46 m WNW Murcia. Caravaya, a town of Ptru, capital of a jurifdidion of the lame name. It is 160 m SE Cufco. Lon. 69 36 w, lyt. 14 40 s. Carcajfone, a city of France, capital of the dt-partment of Aude, and a bi- fli'ip'sfee. It is divided into the upper and lower town by the Aude, ov<;r which iii a ftoue bridge. In the upper (, i ♦ 1' ,.i "i :S " ^1 m CAR town, called the ciiy, ar«* a ftronfrcaftle and the cathedral. The lower town ii fqiiiU'f, regularly built, and kept very neat, by meanu of an aquediid, which brings the wavr of the Aude to difForent fountains Hi rf are manuf.idnreH of all Ibrts of cloth. It h ,^5 m w N.iibonne, and 50 se Touluufe Lon. 2 15 £, lat. 43 M N. Carcu/la, a town of Hindooftan, in Canara, chiefly inhabited by (liopkoop. era. In an open temple here is the image of a naked man, 3K leet in height by 10 in thickncfn, made of one piece of granite. Much ricf,gin},'er, turmtric, and betel-nut is railed in the vicinity. It is feated between two laki-s, or tanks, which give fource to two rivers, ;6 m N by E Mangalore. Cardiff^ a b rough of Wales, capital of Glamorganlhire, with a market on Widnefday and Saturday. It is feated on the Taff, and has a confiderable tradr with Briltol, for veflels of fmall burden may come to the bridge. Its caftle wa:. an elegant Gothic ftrudtiire, but has lately undergone a motley re- pair. The town was formerly encom- paflld by a wall, and veftiges of its four gates yet remain. The fteward or conftable of ihe callle is the chief ma- giftrate, who is called mayor. The numberof inhabitants was 1870 in 1801, and 2457 in 181 1. Near the town are fome iron-works, and a canal extend- ing 25 m to the great iron-works at Merthyr Tudfyl. In the caftle died Robert duke of Normandy, eldeft Ion of William t,after having bee? Minded, and confined 28 years, by his brother Henry 1 . Cardiff is 42 m s Brecknock, and 160 w London. Lon. 3 12 w, lat. 51 28 N. Cardigan, a borough of Wales, the county-town of Cardiganfhire, with a market on Saturday. The walls and caftle are gone to ruin- It is governed by a mayor. The number of inhabit- ants was 1911 in iBoi, and 2129 in 181 1. It ftands on the Tyvy, near a bay to which it gives name, 33 m ne St. David, and 240 wnw London. Lon. 4 38 w, lat. 52 10 N. (Jardiganjhiret a county of Wales, boanded on the n by Merionethfhire and Montgomeryfhire, e by Radnorfliire and Brecknockfhire, s by Carmarthen- fhire and Pembrokefhire, and w by Car- digan bay. It is 42 m long and 20 broad, containing 464,640 acres ; is divided in- to five hundreds, and 65 pariflies ; has fix market-towns ; and fends two members to parliament. The number of inhabit- ants was 42,956 in i8oi> and 50,260 in CAR 18 1 1. To the s and w are pluns fruitful in corn ; but the n and v. pirtsare ncon- tiniitd ridge of mountains } yet, in the wor (1: parts, there an' pa(liire« which feed numerousflieep and cattle. Near tht* ri- vers are a gre;it number of otters ; and in thf valleys are feveral lakes. The moun- tains aboimd with veins of lead and liiver ore; and the mines have been worked to great advantige. The principal ti- vrrn are the Tyvy, Rydal, and Iftwith. Cnrdonm, a town nf Spain, in Cata- loniu, with a caftle. Near it is a moiin- lam of folid rock fait, of which are made vafes, fnuif-boxes, and trinkets; and there are vineyards that produce excflleut wine. It is feated on the Cardoncro, 36 m n'nw Barcelona. Carelia, or litijjian J'inland ; fee W7- burg . ('arentan, a town of France, in the department of Manche, with an ancient caltle, 8 m from the {i-a, and 21 w Bayeux. Cures, or K^ircij, a town of European Turkey, in Macedonia, fituate on Mount Athos, 17 m se Salonica. t'areiu, a village of Wales, 4 m e by N Pembroke, noted for the noble and extenfive remains of its caftle, fituate on a gentle fwell above an arm of Mil- ford haven. Carfagnano'y fee Cajiel Nuovo di Carfagnano. Carhaix, a town of France, in the department of Finifterre, on the river Yer, 19 ms Morlaix. Carham, a village in Northumber- land, 5 m E Kelfo. Near it was a battlr between the Englifli and Danes, in which 1 1 bifhops and two Englifh counts were among the llain ; another between the Englifli and Scots, in loi'!, in which the latter were vidlorious; and in 1370, fir John Lilburne wa« defeated near this place, and taken pri- foner by the Scots. Cariati, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citra, near the gulf of Taranto, 25 m N St. Scverino. Caribean Sea, that part of the At- lantic ocean lying between the illands of Jamaica, St. Domingo, and Porto Rico, on the n, and the continent of Terra Firma on the s.. Caribe Ijlands, the mofl caflern if- lands of the W Indies, ext«ndine in a (emicircle from Porto Rico to Trinidad, and divided into Windward and Lee- ward iflanda. See Indies, Weft. Cartcal, a town of Hindooftan, in tht Carnatic, where the French had a fettle- ment, which was taken by the Biitifli in I ; 60. It ftands at the mouth of a C A It bnnch of the Cavory, 8 m s Trart- gufljar. ('orignan, a tovti of France, in llic depart inctit of Ardt-nncs. It was for- merly cdled Ivoix, mid belonged to Luxerid)iirg ; but was cr-dod to Loiiis XIV, who cliariKcd the name. It is featt'd on the Cliiors, 8 m kse Sedan. ('(irigtiau, a town of Piedmont, in a diftri<5t of the fame n;.m«;, with a cafkle, featcd on the river Po, 12 m s by w Turin. Caraman Java, a chifter of idands to the N of Jiva, at ih»' principaf of which Ihips touch for refrelhment, in their Toy.igeto Borneo. Lon. no 12 e, lat. 5 56 9- Carhiacou, the chief of the Granndiila idands, in the W Indies, 1 6 m n n k Gra- nada. It produces much cotton, has a good harbour, and a town called Hills- borough. Lon. 61 2a w, lat. 12 28 n. Carinola, a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, feated near Mount Maflico, 25 m Nw Naples. Carhithia, a duchy of ermany, in the circle of Auftria; boundei Cafik D oughts. C ATI Carlljlf, a city and the capital of Curfibcrland, governed by a mayor, with a market on Wcdnd'day and batuiday. It is wailed roi r.J, and litu.ite above a rich trad of meadows, bordcririjj the Eden, Petteril, and Caude, which here unite their fticams. The gat s of tlu4 city are called the Eiiglilli. Irtili, and Scotch ; and it has a caftle at the nw angle, by which the Pi(fls wall palFes. Tlie cathedral is a ftately ftrudure, formerly very fpacious, but the nave was deftroyed in the civil wars ; belide this there are two other churches, and feyeral meeting-houfes. The number of inhabitants was 10,2:1 in iRoi, and 1 2, S3 1 in igij. Carlide has conlider- able manufadures of coarfc linens, cot- tons, calicos, muflins, whips, and fifh- hooks. In 1645 it furrendered^ through famine, to the parliamentary forces, after a blockade oteii^ht months. It wa» taken by the rebi;l8 in 1745, but retaken by the duke of Cumberland. It is 60 m 8 Edinburg, and 301 nnw London. Lon. a 53 w, lat. 5 |. 46 n. Carlijle, a town of Pennfylvania, ca^ pital of Cumberland county, with a college, and four edifices for public worlhip. It is fituate on a fine plain, near the s bank of Conedogwinct creek, u water of the Sulquehana, 120 m \r by N Philadelphia. Lon. 77 30 w, lat. 40 10 N. Carlobago, a town of Morlachia, at the foot of a craggy rock, near the channel that feparates the ille of Pago from the continent. The commerce con- fifts chiefly of wood. It is 46 m sk Buccari. Lon. 15 13 e, lat 44 53 i^. Carlos, St. a town of New Spain, in the province of Nicaragua, on the river St. Juan, 65 m e by s of the town St. Juan. Lon. 83 45 w, lat. 11 o n. Carlos, St. a town of Terra Firma, in the province of Caracas. It was very much injured by the great earthquake in 1812. It is 85 msw Loon. Carlos, St. a town on tlic N fide of Cuba, and near the w lido of the bay of Matanzas, 54 m e Havana. Carlotta, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, built in 1769 for German and Ita- lian emigrants, 15 ms Cordova. Carlozv, or Catherlotigh, a county of Ireland, iu the province of Lcinfler, 28 m long and 8 broad; bounded, on the E by Wicklow and Wexford, w by Q»*^tMi county and Kilkenny, and N by Kildare. It is divided into 50 parilhes, cotuains about 44,000 inha- bitants, and fends three members to parliament. The chief rivers arc the Barrow and S!dnt;y. M'.l i). i ^ :'i. Vk !■! I C A II Crirlow, aborotij;li ollrclan'', cnpU.il ttf t!it> c'niinty ')t' thf (arric name- Ft lends onr miMnbcr to parliament. Thr cilllc is :i fine ruin, overlianpinp tli»' rivrr, and its ancient namt' was CatluT- lagh. It is (Vate Well^r, 30 in N by w Bremen. Lon. S 45 i',, lat. 53 -TJ N. I'firf/hirji^, a city of Trun/ylvania See ft\i^'f/;ljiir^' (■arlj'croria, or Cnr/'iroo>i, a city and fl'aport of Sweden, in Ulekingen. It WHS founded in 16H0 by Charles xi, who removed tlie lieet from Stockholm to this place, on account of its centrical litintion, and the fnperiority of its har- bour, the entrance of which is defended by two (trong forts. The greateft part of the town is built of wood, and ftands upon a i'mall rocky ifland, which rifes gently in a buy of the Baltic. The fub- urbs extend over another fmall rock, and along the mole, clofe to the bafin where the fleet is moored ; and are for- tified, toward the land, by a ftone wall. Here are excellent docks for the repair- ing and building of fliips, founderies for cannon, and manufa<5>ures of gun- powder, ropes, fail?, &c. The inhabit- ants are eltimated at 15,000, but were more numerous before the great fire, in 179c, which confumed above two thirds of the town. It is 2jo m s^-w Stock- b.olm. Lon. 15 26 e, lat. 56 7 .v. Cnrljhamn, a town of Sweden, in Rlekingen, with a woollen mamifafture, a foige for copper, and a timber yard; leated on the Baltic, 21 in w Carlfcrona. ('arlfuhc a town of Suabia, in the margravate of Baden, where the prince has a palace, 2 m nw Donrlaeh. (.'nrljlnd, the capital of the French pait of Croatia, wi'h a fortrcf-. ; itaied en the Kulpa, at th<' irilhix of the Co- oiia, 185 m s by w Vienna. Lon. 15 cX E, lat. 45 33 N. Carljhid, a town of Sweden, capital of W-ermeland, and a biinop's lee. It ftands on Xht k fute ot the lake Wcnner, CAR »nd on the ifland of Tingwall.i, which is formed by two branches of the Cl.ira. The houfed are built of wood and paint- cd; the epifcopal p.ilace is n!fo of wood, and hag an extenlive front. Tlie in- habitants carry on a tr.u'.e in copper, iron, and wood acrofs the Like. It i« 175 mw Stockholm. Lon. 13 43 i:, lat. _^() 21 N. i'arljlaJ, a town of Franconi.-u in the principality of Wiutzbur;;, ft ited on the Maine, 13 in n by w Wurlzburp. ('arhike, a village of Scotland, near the river Clyde. .1; m nw Lnnerk. It iias a cotton manufadure, and is fainoiii for apples and pears. ( V/r/w/jq-Wrt, a fortified town of Pied- mont, with a citadel, featcd on a fmii'.l river, which runs into the Po, 14 m s Turin. Carmarthen, a borough of Wale'),c)|. pital of Carmarthcnihire, with a market on Wcdnefday and Saturdiy. It is feat- ed on the Towy, near its entrance into '"armarthen bay, and fmall vedels may come up to the bridge. It was fortifiL'd with a wall and a caftle now in ruins ; and what remains of the latter is con- verted into a county gaol. C'lofetotlip N of the town are the remains of 1 Roman prctorium ; and on the f. fidr near the river arc the extenfive remain, of a monafticbuilding. Carmarthen it a county of itfelf, governed by a mayor. The number of inhabitants was 5548 is 1801, and 7275 in 181 1. There arc iron and tin mines in the neighbour- hood. It is 24 m SE Cardigan, and 220 w by s London. Lon. 4 73 w, lat. 52 I2N. (Jar»iartlicuJ}}'ire, a county of Wales, bounded on the n by Cardiganfliire, i by Brecknockfliire and Glamorganlhire, s by the Briftol channel, and w by Pembrokeftiire. It 1535 "^ '"f'? '*'''' ^° broad, containing 592,640 acres; is di- vided into eight hundreds and ,ao pa- liflies ; has fix market-towns ; and fenilu two members to parliament. The num- ber of inhabitants was 67,317 in 1801, and 77,217 in 1811. It is fruitful in corn and gmfs, has plenty of wood, coal, lead, and lime, and is not fo mountainous as the other counties of W;i!es. The principal rivers are the Towy, Tyvy, and Taff. Carmely a mount.iin of Syria, in Pa- leltine, noted for having been the retreat of the prophet Elias, and for a moiiaf- tery of Carmelites. It is 50 m n Je- rufalem. C'armona, a town of Italy, in Friuii, on a mountain near the river Iiidri, 7 m Kw Coritz. Carmona, a t( lufia, with ma walls, infcrlptio ward Seville is c dinary pieces of anditscafile, no ly of imnicnfeex high hill, 36 ml Carnarvon, a Wales, capital o; a market on VVec ft is leated on a 1 Menai, near its narvon bay, :ir)i\ able trade with L pool, and Ireland. cnftle, built by E( (■'in, Edward ir, Wales was born. rd by the conftabl IS always mayor. habitants was ^cr iM water baths, i cold baths, which during the feafon Bingor, and 244 4 20 w, lat. 53 8 N CanuD-^onJhiret bounded on a smj Merioneihfliirc, on Aire, and on all ot being Separated frc Urait Menai. It is broad, containing 4 tided into 10 hundn MS one city and five lunds two members number of inhabit! i,8oi, and 49,336 i, cipal rivers are the This county being fri(5t of N Wales! iheBritiflj Alps. Ji cupied by the fam jwprofpeds around in the higheft degret J 'mixture of beau Imenfionsofthevalea I J wood, water, and Ifteep, and goats, rural riches. Theft l"i.e fummer, very h pins, tended by th Imany rare vegetable I" the moft elevated |opper mines have F10U8 parts of thefe f'wd; blue nates, of F got in abundance Fie, excellent for h powdonj to the r'ch the rich vale « F ms a pleafing coi pnufa,aure is woolle which ' Cl^ra. \ paint. f wood, 'lie \n- . U it 5 4 3 '» 1, in the itcd oil r.biirp. id. lu-ar i.-rk. It 3 fiimoui of Picn, Newljcrn, Wilmington, Tayi'tti', HiiM- borough, H.ilif.\x, Morgin, and S.ilif- bury ; and thefc are fun divided inlo 5H coiinlieH. TIil* chief riviTS are the Chowafi, Uo.iiioakf, Tar, Ncua, and Cape Fenr. The country, in its wholt* width, for 60 in from the Tea, i» a dead level, of winch a great part lies in forelt »nd \% l)ai ren ; but more inland it riles into hills and mountains. Wheat, rye, barley, oat», tobacco, and flax grow well in till.' hilly iti(lrii5\s ; mai/e and pu!fe of all kinds, in all parts. Cotton and herrip are alfo cultivated. The mod remarkable of its iieesisthe pitch- pin.' ; it affords pitch, tar, turpentine, and various kinds of lumber, which, tcfether, conftitute half the cxportu of she ftatc. No country produces finer V'\.'\c and red oak fo» ftavcs } and the iv, I .py parts abound with cyprcfs and bay. Among the mcdicit.al hcrbit and roots, this country abounos with gin- fcng, Virginia and Seneca fnakeroot, and lionftieart. In 18 to the number of inhabitants was r,Ci,si6. The largeft town is Ncwbern, but the capital ig Ralegh. Carolina, South, one of the United States of America ; bounded on the n by N Carolina, se by the Atlantic, and sw and w by Georgia. It is :oo m long and 125 broad, and divided into nine diftridls; namtl)r,CharIeflon, Beau- fort, Gergetown, Nmety-fix, Wafliiiig- ton, Pinckney, Camden, Orangeburg, and Chcraw » and thefe are fubdividcd into 35 counties. The principal rivers are the Santee, Savanna, Edifto, and Pedee. This country abounds with pre- cious ores, and there are likewife found pellucid ftones of different hues. Bcfide maize, wheat, rice, &c. for home con- iumption, large quantities of tobacco, and fome cotton, indigo, wheat, and rice are railed for exportatit)n. There are alfo a variety of medicinal herbs and roots. In 1810 the number of inhabit- ants was 414,935. Charlefton and Co- lumbia are the chief towns. Caroline Ijlands, a range of iflands in the N Pacific ocean, difcovered in 16S6 by the Spaniards, in the reign of Charles II. They lie to the e of the Philip- pines, between 138 and 154 e Ion. and 8 and 1 1 n lat. They are about 30 in number, and populous ; the natives re- fembling thofe of the Philippines. The tnofl confiderable ifland is Hogoleu^ about 90 m long and 40 broad ; the next is Yap, at the w extremity of this chain, btu not above a third part of that iize. CAR They htrc been littlo vifited by recent navigators ('aroma, a town on the k coaft of Sicily, in Val dl Demona, with a caltli- The fottfl of its name is by far the l.tr)(c(l in Sicily, extending 14 m in Itnpth, and in fome places 6 in breadth, and produces large qnaiitities of excel* lent timhtr. The ttjwn Hands on a lofty hill, a4 m wsw Paiti. Caroor ; lee Cururu- Ciirpatliian Mountains, a grand cliaiii which divides Hungary and Traiil'yl- vania from Poland, extending about 500 mili-s. ( 'ar^entnria, a Urge bay on the N coaft of New Holland, dilcovered, in i6i8, by a Dutch captain nami d Carpentrr. That part of the country which borderi on the R fide of the bay is alio cnlltd Carpentaria. Cnrfentrai, a town of France, in ihf department of Vaucluli*. It wai for- merly the capil d of Venaiffin, and a bilhop's fee. It is leatcd on the Aufon, at the foot of a mountain, 14 m nb Avignon. Lou. 5 6 e, lat. 44 8 v. Carpi, a town of Italy, in Modcnefe, w ith a fortified caRle .ind a good trade. It ftauds on a canal to the Sccchia, 8 m N Mudena. Carpi, a town of Italy, in Veronefe, where a viftory was gained by the Auf. Irians over the French, in 1701. It is feated on the Adige, 24 m se Ve- rona. Carraza, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, on the e fide of the harbour of Cadiz. Here are docks for building (hips, magazines of naval (lores, and i college for the marines. It is 9 m esk Cadiz. Carrick on Shanntn,:!L town of Ireland, capital of the county of Leitrim. It ii j a (mall place, with little trade or manu- fa^ure, feated on the Shannon, 88 m j www Dublin. Lon. 8 3» w, lat. ij| Carrick »n Suir, a town of Ireland, I in Tipperary, famous for its woollen cloth, called ratteen. It is feated 011 1 the Suir, 22 m se Calhel. Carrickfergus, a feaport of Ireland, I a county of itlelf, and the chief town of j the county of Antrim, with a caftle. It| fends one member to parliament, and iil feated on a bay of its name, in the Irilhl channel, 85 m n by K Dublin. Lon. 6| 14 w, lat. 5448 K. Carrie kmacrofs, a town of Irelandi in the county of Monaghan, 19 ui tsf Monaghan. Carrion, a town of Spain, in LeonI with ten pariih churches ten conventti ^i^i by recent r coaft of h 3 cnftK- )y far the 14 m ill n br»'.ulth, •« «)f CXCtl' ands on a tr.ind cliaiii (1 Trail I'yl- g about 500 n the N coaft (•d. in 16181 I Carpenter, hich borderi 5 alio calltii lancc, in the It was for- lailHn, and 1 )n the Aufon, lin, 14"^*" in Modcnefe, a good trade. 5 Sccchia, 8 m (A R and fwo hofpitulft ; fralcd on thff river C.irrion, iH m n Palcntia, and 40 w Itiiri;o8. CWrrewi* river of Scotland, in Stirlinpf- Ihire, which rifes on the s lidc of the Campff y hills, and flovvi into the frith of Forth, below Falkirk. Two m from iti foiirco, it forrn^ a fine cafcade, called the Fall of Aut'hinlilly; atul nc>r Its mouth commenci'fl tht? Hrcat Canal from the Forth to the Clyde. Carron, n village of Scotland, in Stir. Iiii|?lhir(*, on ih« river Carron, s m N Falkirk, Cflcbr.tted fort^c greatrft iron- work* in F.uro»)e. Tht'Cc wcirku employ about 1600 men ; and, on an aterapc, tile weekly Hoc tons of coal, 4ootoniicf iroiiftone, and 100 tons of liT.cflonc. All forts of iron j^ood.s are made lierr, from the mod triflinK article to the hrgcft cannon ; and the Ihort pioc»' of ordnance, called a carronadr, hrncc 1 r- cfivcd \U name. The trade ":. coke and lime is alfo confiderable. Thi'fc wot ks were credted in 1 761, and are carried on by a chartered company. Cart, two rivers of Scotland, in Rt-n- frcwihirc. diftinguilhcd hy the apptrlla- !!oin of Black and White. The Black Cirt iffues from the lake Lochwinnoch ; ihe White Cart defcends from the nk in Veronefe, ■ jngle of the county ; and they both ed by the Auf- in 1701. It m seVc- into the Oryfe, a ffw miles before itsconfl'ix with the Clyde. Cartago, a city of New Spain, capi- U of Cofio Rico, and a Wifliop's fee. Htreare fomc rich merchants. It (lands on a river of the fame name, 70 m from its month in the Pacific ocean. Loii. 84iaw, lat. 10 15 N. i'artama, a town of Spain, in Gra- nida, at the foot of a mountain, near tke river Guadala Medina, 8 m nw Malaga. Carteret I/Iand, an ifland in the Pa- ific ocean, feen by capt.iin Carteret in ^767. It is 18 m long from e to w. n. 159 14 E, lat. 8 a6 s. Carter/viUe, a town of Virginia, in 'owhatan county, feated on James ri- T,4o m WNw Richmond. L... . ^Carthajjey Cape, a promontory on the port of Ireland.Bcoaft of the kingdom of Tunia, near le chief town oMiJch ftood the famous city of Car- with a caftle'^it^ge, razed by the Romans, and fame cniive ruins are to be feen on the ft The E point i« 16 m ene Tunis. n lo JO E, lat. 36 50 N. ^arthagena, a ftrojig city and fi'aport ipain, in Murcia, built by Afdrubal, flhagcnian general, and named after city of Carthage. It is the lee of a 'P> and a great mart for merchandifc. 14 pain, in Anda- he harbour of s for building al ftores, and ii It is 9 m ESE own of Ireland, Leitrim. It i« trade or manu- Shannon, 88 m , 31 w, lat. SJ 1 )wn of Ireland, "or its woollen It is feated 011 arliament,andi», name, in the mfc, Dublin. Lon.6 wn of Ireland, in 'han, «9 >n ^5' Spa"'"' '" ^?.l e$, ten convenul CAR It has the belt harbour in Spain ; itlfo the molt conruler.d)lc dockn and maga« y.ine*. The principal crops of builU are produced in it» vicinity \ and a flim rcil earth, rallfd nlmagra, ufed in po- liftiing mirn.r*, and pre[).iriiig toh.icco f(vr limlV. Carlliagena was taken by fir John I.'aki- in 1706, but the dnke of Iliimfw'ick rttot.k it. It is fr.itcd on a gulf of tlic iinie name, a; m 1 Murcia. Lon. low, l;it. ■^^ ,^7 N. Carthiiy^enn, a proviice of Terra ' r« mn, Innindrd on tin; w by the ifthrMia of Parieii, N hy tlie Caril)can fea, k by Si. Mirtha, and 8 by Popayan. It ii .n mountainous country, but has many wcll-wntercd and fntile villicj; yet, being thinly peopled, it is ill cultivated. It pKHlnccs a varn.'iy of vain able tlriign, anm Lon. 74 14 *■* lat. 14 5a N. ( 'tiryj/ort, or Murrfr/Jin, a horotish of It(l4nil. ill the county of Wickl(»w. lltTf in a fr«ifchool foiiiidctl by Cli.irKi I. It it 14 m Hw VVicklow, and {4 1 Dnhlin. (\i/'ae, or T/ir/ir, a country in tlit* do> minion* of Ptrlia, on tlic fruiiticm of Aimt'nij, povtrncd by jjrincrn of ill own, nominally liibjrO't to IVrtia. 'I'hi* inhabit4nli an-di-fccndcd from the Cof- facst and reprcfcntcd as a nidf and bar- baron* people. Ciif.ic, or Lore, it the t-apitai, ^5 m nnw Liivan. Lon. 4434 t, lat- 40 50 V. Caja,ijranJe, a town of New Spain, in the V p.irt of 8onf)ra. llvtr are the ruins ot an Aztrc city j in the midit of which i* an imm neceffary. It is tituate in a vail plain, on the left bank of the Gila, 230 m nw Arifpe. Lon. Ill o w, lat. 3.1 35 K. Cajiil, a town of Piedmont, lately the capital of Montferrat, and a bifhop'x fee. Iti caflle, citadel, and ^ll its fortifica- tions have been demolilhed. It is feat- ed on the river Po. 37 m ne Turin. Lon. 8 z^ E, Kit. 45 18 N. ('tiji! Maffgiore, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, on the river Fo, 10 ni t-^K Cremona. Caj'al Nucva, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra. An earthquake hap- pened here in 1783, by which upward of 4000 inhabitants loft their lives. It Hands near the lea, 11 in n by w Op* pido. Ca/biti, or Caf'uin, a city of Terfia, in Irak Agemi, where fevcral of the kings of Perfin have relided. Nadir Shah built a palace here, enclofed by a wall a mile and a half in circumferciioe ; and the town is furrounded by anotiicr 4 m in circuit. Although the greater part of the city is in ruitis, it is ytt very po- pulous, and carries on a great trade with Ghiian. It is feated in a fine plain, 80 m NNW Teheran. Lon. 49 40 c, lat. 36 12 N. Cafcantt', a town of Spain, in Na- varre, on the boi lers of Arjgon, 6 m N Tarazona, and 8 s Tudela. Cafcaisf a town of Portugal, in Eftre- madura, at the mouth of theTitjo, 17 m w Lifbon. Gajihau ; fee Cajhvia. CAS i'rt'cn B/>'/, a I'^y of MalT.ichiifitt, in tl-r diltriet of M.iinr, bctwtiti Capr I'.lilnl.eth O'l the «w, .iiul C.ipe Small Point on the nk,. Within thefc pomli, which iire about 40 m Rpatt, Nie about 300 finall iflantU, fitmecif them iiihahit- vd, .'iiid lit ally all more or Icfit cnlti- v.ited. The luy extend* fcveial arriii or crcekn into the coimtry. and receivci the watitsof feveral rivern. Ca/htrt, » town of Naples, in Tcrri »li Lavoro. Here is a royal palace, (.fa quadrangular form, whii.h is one ot tht nohU'ft in Europe for magnitude, (leva, tion, and teKnbtiiy i and it is fiippiicd with water brought acrofs a valley iiy* grai.d aquedutJl, which in Irnijtii -id elevation iurpiilei all limilar edific( -. of ntodcrn conllrudinn. The town wji grcitly damaged by an e.irth(|uakt; iy ifio3. It is 15 m N N.iplcL.. t'ajhan \ Ice t'acfian. CW/ii^/, a city of Ireland, in the county of Tipperary, and an archbilhop's fer It had formerly a wall ; and part of twu gatHB .ire ^ill remaining. The nncicnt cathedral, now in ruins, is fuppulultit have been th." firft ftone edifice in Ire- land. A fynod wan held here by llmf I, in iijfl, by which the kingdom ui Ireland was confirmed to him. The modern cathcdi jl, which ferves alfoforj A parifli church, is a large and hind fome ediHce. The city is well inhabiUd for its Cue, but has no tr.ide. It lends member to parliament, and is 86 m s Dublin. Lon- 8 10 w, lat. 51 26 ^'. i.'ajhpfur, or Little Bokhariu, .• coun' try of Ulbec Tartary , which commenci on the M and ne of Calhmere, in Hi dooftan (from which it is feparat by the Ilimmaleh mountains) and t\ tend.4 to 40 N lat. Great part of it is faniiy defcrt ; the othti parts are popi lous and fertile. Here are mines of go and filver, which the natives do n vvork,becaii(e they arc employed wholl in feeding cattle. The raufli ar.imi arc found in this country. It likew produces diamonds and feveral olli precious (tones. Irekcn is the c.ipit.il CaJ}j}(ur, a cit y of Ufbec Tattary, t merly the capital of the country of tj fame name. It has a good trade w the neighbouring countries, and (l.i[ ai the foot of the Himmaleh mountai urns Ireken. Lou. 73 15 e, l^ii- 30 K. Cajhmere<, a province of Hindo"! fubjcCt to the king of Candahar, iftt«, vccn Cap^ :.»pc %n\»\\ iffe poiiil«. , Kit- ahoiit tn\ iiihiihit- Icf* cuUi- iikI rtcctvti M. ^n Tern 1 palace, of » \$ ni\r ot «h« il U ftH)plici» a viilley l>Y » n Ifoijtli -111 lar eilifict > of lie lovvn wa» Mrl\»(ivukc ill , in the county chhUhop's fc ind part of Wo . The ancient , is fuppoluliJ r edifice in lf« A here by Ufnry he kinmlom oi to hiin. Tilt :h fcivcs alfi) f" .irge and h\nd is wcU inhab\lcJ trade. U li^n^i' and is 86 mv Ut. sii^f*' oiharin, .' coun' vhich commence :alhm»:ri'. in Hi it is foparat' juntains) and f: reat part of it is n part8 are pop •are mines "fg" e natives do n e employed wholl 'he rouikar.im: nury. li f'l and feveval oti Vi-n is the capi"' j(bc-cTaitary,t( the country otq a good trade w juntries, and ^ mmuleh roounti'i n. 73-5 f' '*' J of Hindo il lUce ■u f C.indahar, )f which the fined are made is the produtt of a (pecies of goat of this country, or of the adjoining Tibet. Here .^re bred 11 fpccies of (hecp, called Hundiu), which are ennployed in car- rying burdens. The Calhrncicaus arc (tiRiUnd well made ; but th«-ir features iitcn coarfe and broad t-ven the women ire of a dci'p brown complexion; but ihcy are gay and lively, and fond of panics of pleafurc on their beautiful Likti. They have a Ianguij;c of their own, faid to be anterior to that of the S^nfcrit ; and a religion too, it is thought dlfftrent from that of the Hindoos. The fupcrftilion of the inhabitants has mul- tiplied the places of worlhip of Maha* dco, Brel'chan, and Br. filhcry is a mirlt-ry for f.iilors. The IJr.dian Cof- faca «rijoy the right of filhing on the cold 47 m on each fide of the river Ur.il ; and the inhabitants of Adracan have an exilufive privilege on the re- maining Ihon-s belonging to Kuflia. The roes of the diirgeon and belug.i fupply large qmntiiies of caviare i and the fifli, which arc chiclly falted and dried, form a confiderable article of con- fiiinption in the Uufllin empire. The falmoii is remarkal>ly fine, and herring! are in great numbers. Caj/'aHiiriii, a town of Holland, on the hw fide of the iilaml of Cadfand, of which it is the capital. It ftaiids at the mo.ith of the Zwin, j m n Sluys. Lon. 3 24 K, hit. St 22 N. I'lijitno, a town of Italy, in Milanefe, with a cadlc. Heir prince Kiigenc, in 1705, was checked in attt-mpting to force the pair^gc of the Adila ; and in 1799 the French w^re dcl'eated by the Audrians. It is I'cAtcd on the Adda, 15 m Nt Milan. i-'ajjano, a town of Naples, in Cala* bria Citr I, 14 m nw KolVaiio, and 50 ESK Policadro. Ciijjai/, or Meckhy, a country of Afi.i, bounded on thi* w by Bengal, n by Aniiin, E and sk hy Birmah,aiid sw by Aracin. The iuhabitanis are called Muggaloos, a tribe of rude mountain- eers little known. It is now fubje(5t to the Birmans. Munnypour is the capital. Cqjfclt^ city of Germany, capital of Lower lIclFe. It is divided into the Old Town, Lower New Town, and Upper New Town ; the former two are chiefly- built in the ancient dyle, but the lad is very rcgul.ir ami handfome. The inha- bitants are ellimated at 25,000, and they have manuf i6tures of linen, cloth, hats, porcel.iin, itc. Here is a college, founded by the landgrnvc in 1709. The cadle, or palace, the g-iidtns, the arfe- nal, the fouudery, iin? llie cabinet of curiofities, deferve the at'cntiou of -la- vellers. It was taken by tiie Frenc.i in 1760, and reftored at the peace in 1763. 1.4 •♦fi M* t («I I'" 1 I' f.fV,. !' ■ > V < . :.: f ■ 1.11 It (• ftatrJ 01) tlif Ftil i< n, lit< 51 '9 "• t'a/fel, » ftiong j«)wn of Ocnntny, fituate on ilic Rhine, oppontr Mciit/, with which it hjt « cominunicitiori liy 4 briJK«-' nl boati. It w.i» uken by the FrencU in i?.;*, ami rttAken by the I*runiaii« in 17*13. 1" *"<'''* ^^ ^•'^' trankfcrred to France Cii/tt, a town i)f France, in the it«- partment of Nord, will* a fottifirtl taf- tlc I fcatid on a muuiit.iin, 10 m nk 8t. Omcr. ' \i//i»i>iHn ixtcnfivif empire In NfRro- land, to tl)e w of Uurnou. It refcmblci Uomoti III climatet foil, and n.itiir.il pKiduCtionii, and in the culuiir, |;cniiii, rtlii(ion,andKov<'rnmcnt of thr people 'I'iic raiiu ate indeed Wh violent; and iu muiikicii iiui parrots (Icldom fccn in buriiou) arc iiumcrou«t and of v.iriotri Ipecii't- A thouland towni and villages iire faiil to be included in thii empire. i'iijifia, the capital of the rmnire of the lame name. The chief trade i'. in fcnu, Kold-duft| (lavei, cotton clotlii goat (kins, ox and buffalo hidcn, and civet. It ill 750 m wsw Bornou. Lon. 11 j5 r, lat. 1540N. Caj/i', a town of Francei In the d**- parlnient of Months of the Rhone, with a finall port on the Meditcnaneani 9 m flti M.iriViiles. Caffovia, or Cafchaut a ftrong town of Hungary, with a fine arfenal, (catcd near the Hurat, 8j m v. by v Schemnitz. Lon. ao 55 t, lat- 48 40 k. Ca/lagnolii, a town of Piedmont, on th«' river Po, 8 rn s Turin. Cajianiftin, or Knllutnoni, a town of Afiaiic Turki^y, in Nalolia, formerly u large city, but now much reduced in fi/c and inai^niticence. It is 240 m K Conftantinuple. Lon. ,^4 21 e, lat. 44 4 J N. Caj}el Aragonefe^ a fortified feaport of Sardinia, and a bifhop's ffe. It was the firib place taken in this idand, at the end of the thirteenth ci-ntury, by the Araj^ontf*-, whence its iiam<'; but in 1767. the king ordered it to bn called Callel Sardo. It ftandson the Nw coift, to m NE Saffari. Lon. 9 i k, lat. 40 56 N. (Jajlel Baldot a town of Italy, in Pa- duan, on the river Adige, 40 m sw Padtia. Cajt'.l Braucn, a flrong town of Por- tugral, in li.lia, with a cafllf and two ch'jrv-hes. In 1761, it was taken by the Spa.iiaai-s. Ic it. 6» m se Coimbra. Lon. 7 22 w, lat 39 52 N. Cajlel Polit, a town of Spain, in Ca- V, An UUm\», on an rmiitrncc near th« rivff Fitlvia. M m w ()(>riM)«. *'n/ht irttnto, X town of Italy, !■ Tr«*tiiano, n m w Trevifo. i'ajlrl GonJtl/o, a town of Italy, in Campngna di Rom.i, nearth* Ukr Al- bano. N'ar thii pl.ite is the vilU R«r. barini, where an* thr niiiii of an itn. mcnfe palace, built by emperor Duini* tian. it U 10 m s by I Rom*. Cafll Jnloux, a town of Prance, In the department of Lot and Oarittiiir, with a conlidvrable trjdc in wiiir, honey, and cattle \ featedon thr Avanc*-, ao m K by a Bazai, and ja w by n Agrn. ('iifUl n Mnrt, \ town on the N coaft of 8icil)r, in V al di Ma/ara, fcatid on a bay of Its name, »^ m w by » Palermn ( Vi/Zi"/ a Miitf JtUn BruiCiit a town of Naples, in Piincipito Citra, near tiie I'eacoalt, 18 m w by n Pulicaltro. Cajlel a Mart M Slabiii, a town of Naples, in Principato Citra, where tint Ihipi of the royal navy are built. It ftands on the lite of the ancient Stabi], at the foot of a woody mountain on the bay of Naples, ij m ssr Naples. Cajiti Niiaiio, a town of Dalmatij, on the gulf of Cataro, 12 m n by w Cataro. (■0jiel Nuovo, a town of Sicily, in Val di Mazara. feated on a hill, 34 m » by R Palermo. CajM Nuovo di Carfagnana, a (own of Italy, in Modenelc, with a ftronj; fort ; feated in the valley of CartaKnana, | on the river Serchio, 18 m N Lucci, | and .^7 »sw Modcna. Cftjlf/de la Plana, a town of Spain. I in Valencia, near the fcueoait, 46 m{ NNE Valencia. ('ujiti HoJrigo, .1 town of Portugal,] in Bi-ira, 1 1 m n Pinhel. Ca/lel Rnjjo, an ifland in the Mali- tcrranean, near the coalt of Caramanijrtm»nt of i al.iltfprinK,fro ill Inch abiindan the very (ourc» Verdon, ill a h Dixne. ^'ajltllnHUta, Terra d'Oiranii ^'ttjl^llarm, a • luan, (, m nk M <'>iJleflo)tt a to l')nia, at the inoi of Rofea, H m w ' ttjlflnnudaryt the dep.iitinptit n'tice, at the fooi b.ilinofthe Canal Carca/lonc. ^'ajltr, a town partmcnt of Roei m the duchy of J fi»«'r Erlt, «} m i J }-'aJlig/tmo, a t( Siennele, coIIi'^idii of olJ ■riniuir, It ii N m f n». M4;cir4. Cajitl Ji I'ti//,^ uiwrii of I'ortiifAt, in Al("t''i», II Ml *.m VnrlAltgrv, C,4/itltiuH, ii tuwti <>l' France, in the Jepnimriit t)l' Kliiticaiul Mi) in nk M.mtua. i'tijh//o>f, i\ town of S^ain, In Cata- lonia, at tlwmouthof a iivrr in thegulf uf Koffi, H in w l)y « Rofi*!. i'aj}eliiaudar^t •> town of France, in the dfp.iitinfti't ol' Auilr, on an cmi- nrnce, at Ihf foot of which i« the grnnd b.itiii of the Canal Royal. It is 15 m w Cji'canbne. i'lijitr, a town of France, in the de- partmcnt of Roer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Julirm ; fcatcd on the rivfr Eril, >4 m 1 Julicrs. t'ajli^/tmo, a town vi' Tufcany, in SieniiL'le, on a lake of the lamu name, which communicat)':) with the fea, and produces much filt. It is is m s by e Mjfla. (all iglione, a fortified town uf Italy, in M ItistomNw 1 of Portugal, I Mantua. Lon. 10 3: k, lat. 45 13 m. Cajli/e, the principal and molt opu- lent of the kingdoms into which Spain was formerly divided. It now forms the two provinces of Old and New Caf- tile; the I'ormiT having been ncovcrcd from the Moors fome time before the latter. CaJliU, Old, a province of Spain, 190 m long and no broad; bounded on the 3 by New Caftile, e by Aragon and Navarre, N by BilLay and Afturias, ii vl w l)y L«'on. Burgos is the capital. Ca/liU, New, or 'I'olede, a province of Spain, 200 m long and iRo broad ; bounded on the n by Old Caftile, e by Aragon and Valencia, s by Murcia and Andalulia, and w by liftrcmadura. It is divided into three parts ; Argaria to ;he N, Mancha to ihe s, and Sierra to the B. Madrid is the capital. Cajiillati, a town of France, in the r A« (tepartmrnt of Girondr, frated on the Doi'duKnc. l^ m ». R^ n is a fine quarry of black marble, wiicuct the (leps ol St. Paul's church, in London, were taken. Lon. 438 w, lat. 53 SS ^'" Cajlhtowrif a town of Scotland, in Rcxbuiglhire, feated on the Liddel,at the iii.Hux of the Hermitui^c, 30 m ssw Jedburg. Cajitetnillan, a town of Ireland, in the county of Down, on a fmall lake, to which it gives name, ifi m ene Newry. Caftres, a city of France, capital of the departmer.t of Tarn, and lately an feri)irie. It the centre of turc and art, has a greater riiable. Itii town of Por- he mouth of 'avira, and 6i lat. 37 i*'^' _ Portugal, in Corbea, 18 m of Peru, in ja, noted for CAT good tobacco and Rm; wool. It Is u^ m 8K LitriH. Lon. 74 45 w, lat. iz 50 s. Cajfro de l-rdiales, a town of Spain, in Bilcay, vviin a calllc ai;-' an arloiial, oiithf kac*).»tt, 2i in nw Hilboa. (Jajlropy a tow.i of Wfllphali.i, in the coiiuiy ol MaiL, 7 m vv Doit,- inund. i'ajlrol'oU a town of Spain, in Af- turiaa, 14 m nk IVIondoncdo. ('nfv'ui , Ice ( ajbhi- (.'at ijiaiid ; fee Guanohani':. CataLu'iVf a town of S Carolina, be- longing to the ' atubaws, the only In- ('iaii nation m thai (Htt^. it is Icat.d on llic river Catahaw, or Witarce, on the lionndary line between N and S Caroli- na, iH m s Chailotti". CatnloKia, a province of Spain, 140 m lung and iio broail ; bountied on tl.e N by the Pyrcnet-'S, k and s by the Mediterranean, and v\ by Aragon and Valencia. It is full of mountains, co- veted with fortit and fruit trees ; abounds in wine, corn, and pulfe ; lias quarries of marble, anil mines of Icjii iron, and coal. Harcdona is the • I ital. i'atania, a city of Sicily, in Val di ^ nto, and a hilh.ip's fee, with a cele- brated univcrfity. The cathedral is the laigcft in Si'.ily ; the principal (Ireets are wide, and well paved with lava ; iind all the public and private edifices luive an air of grandeur. Here is a niagiiiticcnt convent, and a bountiful mufcum of natural hiltory and an- tiques; alio large remains of a Roman ampliitheatre, and many monuments of ancient I'plendour liy an eruption of Etna, in 1669, it was almoft totally de- ftroycd ; and, in 1693, it was entirely fwiillowed up by an earthquake, \»rhich buried 18,000 people in tlie ruins. The pR'i 'nt population iseftimatttd at above !(j,ooo Ibuis, who carry on a flourifli- \n^, tnanufadure of lilk, and a trade in corn, lulpluir, (inla, amber, wine, and oil. It is leated oii-a gulf of its name, at the influx; of the Indicelle, 60 m sw Medina Lon. 15 17 k, lat- 57 a8 n. Catanzaro, a city of Naples, capital of Calabria Ultra, and the leu of a biliiop. The chief manufacture is filks of various kinds, and thcfe, with corn and oil, are the principal articles of trade. It is i'eated on a moun.ain, near the gulf of Squdiace, 4s m se 00- Icnza. Lon 16 46 i-, lai .^,g o ^. (^ataro, a town of Dalmatia, with a caftle leated on a gulf of its name, which fornas three cxten^ve and fegure CAT harbourg. The town \s built at the fnc- tremify of the inner biiiin, lurround;d by roclv^, rnul ftiongly lortifn:d. It is 24 m sbE K.igulj. Lou. lit 50 F, lat. 4z 3H s. i'ataivejfy, or Ihi^^licjhurv;, a town of IVnnJyIvania, in Northumberland county, 111 uate at the monlh of Cata- wi'fly creek, on the r. brniich of the Siifqu'hana, 1^ m kne Sunbnry, and 100 Nw rh'l.uU'lphia. Cateaw, fee i'/iftt('au (Viaml/rfjis. t'ute^i^nt, a gulf of the German ocean, between Swedenand Denmark, through which the Baltic fia is entered by three iti.iits, c.dled the Sound, the Great Belt, and the Little I'.elt. Cat/iarinbuiir, a town of Silirria, ca- pital of a province ol the fame name, in the government of Tobollk. The chief gold mine.', of Siberia arc in its vicinity, and above 100 founderies, chiefly for copper and iron. It is featcd near the fource of the Ifei, 310 m wsv/ Tobollk. Lon. 61 25 k, lat 56 45 n. (Catharine, St- an ifli id on the coaft of Key, the molt fuuihern province of Braiil. It it 50 m long, and from 9 to 4 broad. The clim ite '\* healthy, and provilioiKs of all defcriptions, with fruit of various kinds, are abundant and che.ip. The channel betwei 11 the illand aiid the continent, about aoo fathoms wide, forms a good haibour, and is de- fended by ftveral forto. The chief plice is the town of !^t. Catharine, on the svv fule of the ifland. at the foot of a conlidtrable hill. Lon. 47 48 w, lat. 27 35 s. i'atharii:et!jlaf, A government of the Rullian empire, divided into two pro- ▼inces ; namely, Catharinenfl.if, which includes the late government of Albph, and New Rnfria,or Little Tavtary; and Taurida, which includes Crimea, or Crim Tartary. Catburinnijlafy a town of RufTia, ca- pital of a government of the fame name. it was built by Catharine i:. and is feat- ed on the right bank of the Dnieper, near the iiillux of the Kikzin and Samara, 140 m b;iw Charkow . Lon. 54 58 1'., lat. 48 20 N. Vatharinograd, a town of RuiTia, in the province ot Caucalia, of which it was the capital till the province was ereded into a government. It is the Ihongell lortrtfson the Cancafian iiii.., filuate on the brow of a lolty hill, by the river Malka, near iis conflux with the Terek jo m sr Georgiewlk. Lon- 44 30 E, lat. 4,^ 40 N. Caiher!ou^/j ; Ice CctrloW' * ^1' n ^' 'm i li:. ■^■, Jf ijSI If. ^r 8:4 ^: n C A V Vatmandu, the capital of the country of Napaiil, anil once the capital of an independent kingdom. It has numtr- oiis wooden temrlcs, and iirvenil grjiid oneseonllrudtcd of brick The ftrc'cts are very narrov*, and dirty. The hoiifes are of two, three, «nd four ftories, but of a mean appearance ; even the rajah's palace claiming no particular notice. The population of the city is cftimated at 5«,coo, exclufive of its dependent villages. It (lands on the e fide of the Bifhnmuttv, immediately above its con- flux with the Hogmutty, 1 75 m n Patvia, and44j; E Delhi. Lon. 85 16 (•:, lat. 28 10 N. Cnioche, Cape^ the ne promontory of Jucatan, v/here the Englifli adven- turers from Jamaica firft attempted to cut logwood. Lon. 86 30 w, lat. n 10 V. Catrine, a village of Scotland, on the river Ayr, 14 m e Ayr. Here is a flonrifhing cotton manufadturc. Cattackt a city of Hindooflan, capi- tal of OrifTa, and a port of confequence, being on the only road between Bengal and the Englifli Circare. It is fur- rounded by walls, and (lands on an idand in the Mahanada, 320 m sv Cal- cutta. Lon. 86 I E, lat. 20 31 n. Cattaio, a town of Italy, in Faduan, 5ms Padua. Catteric, a village in N Yorkfliire, with a bridge over the river Swale, 5 m SE Richmond. It was the famous Cattaiaftonium of the Remans, and has the foundations of walls, and great banks ftill remaining. Catiwycky a village of S Holland, on the German ocean, near which the ri- ver Rhine is loft in the fanda. It is 6 m N by w Leyden, CatzeiicUe72hc2tn, a town and caflle of Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine, which gives name to a county. The river Maine ^iid late cledlorate of Mentz divide the county into Upper and Lower ; the former has Darniftadt for its capital, and tlie latter St. G'>ar. The town has an iron- mine near it, and is 10 m NE St. Goar. ('ai'a, a town of Naplei, in Princi- pato Citra, with manutadtures of filk and linen ; f'eated at the foot of Mount Matelian, 5 m nw Salerno. Cavail/a, a town ot European Tur- key, in Albania, noted as a mart for Albajiian woe d ; ftatcd on the Aods, near its entrance into the gulf of Venice, 36 ms by t Durazzo. ('avai/lon, a town of France, in the department of Vauclufe ; lately an epif- C ALT eopal fee, and fiibjtdl to the pope. It is feated on the Durance, 20 m se Avignon. favaltri. An idnnd in the Archipelago, between the ivv point of the ifland of Negropont and the continent of Greece. Lon. 24 17 K, lat- 38 7 N. C'avan, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulftcr, 47 m long and 23 broad ; bounded on the w by Lei- trim, N by Fermanagh and Monaghan, K by the latter county and Louth, and fl by Longford, W Meath, and E Mcath. It lends two memberj to parliament, is divided into 30 pariflies, and contains about 81,570 inhabitants. The linen manufacture is carried on here to a great extent. Cavan, a borough of Ireland, capital of the county of Cavan. Here is a free- I'chool founded by Charles i. It is 68 m NW Dublin Lom. 7 23 w, lat. 54 Caub, ^ \ovfv\ of Germany, in the circle of Lower Rhine, with a citadel; feated on the Rhine, 2 m n by k Ba- charach. Caucafia, a government of Afiatic Ruflia, divided into two provinces, Af- tracan and Caucafia. The province of Caucafia comprififs Cuban Tartary, and all that diflridt to the e and s, now in the pofTeffion of Ruflia, between the rivers Don and Cuban, and between the Black feaand the Cafpian, extending as far as the confines A Georgia. The capital is Georgiewfk. Caucafusy a chain of mountains, the higheft in Afia, extending from the mouth of the Cuban, in the Black fea, to the mouth of the Kur,ln the Cafpian. The Caucafus apparently forms two par. Jlel chains, the higheft covered with Ihow, and the lower or northern, which is commonly called the Black Moun- tains. The loftieft of the fnowy chain is Elbrus, deemed equal in elevation to Mont Blanc, and from its n fide ifTues ■Jie river Cuban. The lower parts ol thefe mountains abound in honey, gom, corn, wine, fruit, hogs, and horned cattle. The Caucafian mountains are inhabited by fevendidindt nations, each f'peaking a different language ; namely, the Turcomans, the Abkhas, the Cir- cafTians, the OfTi, the Kifti, the Lefguis, and the Georgians. See Circaffia- \ Caudebec, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine, furround- ed by walls, at the foot of a mountain, near the Seine, 18 m nw Rouen. Caudliullyt a town of Hindooflan, in the province of Coimbetore. It ia the firfl place r and a prin( the counlr) niountain.s. traders. J| ('nvcrifiai in the Carn l^'uyiilCC ot QllitI , ^aijtnne, a rici t'"' coaft of GiiJ le. It m 8E pilago, land of Qrcecc. , in thff ng »ncl by Lei- naghan, th, and ; Mcaih. li.inrK'nt, contains he linen ,0 a great 3f Afiati:. ?inccs, Af- fovince of irtary, and s, now in tween the etween the ^tending as rgia. The ntains, the from the Black fea, heCafpian. forms two ivcred with icrn, which ack Mouu- nowy chain elevation to K fide iiTuts /cr parts of loney, gom, and horned juntains art; ations.each ge ; namely* las, the Cir- the Lefguis, yircalfia- ancc, in the He, furround- a mountain, louen. indooftan, in re. It in the CAY firft place of any note above the Gauta, and a principal thoroughfare betwe«Ti the country below and that uhovcthofr mountains. Tlif inhubitauts are chiefly traders. It is 60 msR Soringapatam. (-nverif>al)iani, a town of liindooftan, in the Carnatic, featcd on tin* Pennar, So m wsw Arcot. (Vjry;//, a confiderable river of Min- (looiian, which lifi'J.nmong the wlI^mii GautP, flows by Scringapatam, IJhawa- nikudal, and Tritchinopoly, and enters the bay of Bengal, by a wide delta of mouths, which cmbracct the province of Tanjon*. Ciivete, a fraport on the w coaft of llie ifl.-nd of Luconia. Sec Mauilla. Caita. lary, a town of Ilindooftan, in Ik'ngal, 30 m Nvv Dacca, and 146 nk Calcutta. Caviana, an ifland of S America, at the mouth of the river Amazon, 120 m in clrcumfrrence, and of a triangular form, with its bafe to the ocean, and the 8 fide under the equinoctial line, in Ion. 50 20 w. Caunet a town of France, in the de- partment of Tarn, 20 m kn e Caflrefl. Cautem, a vill.ii,'e of France, in the department of Upper Pyrenees, noted for its mineral water, j 8 m 8W Dagneres. Cai'jood, a town in W Yorkfliire, on the river Oufe, with a market on Wed- nelday. Here are tin? ruins of a very ancient caftle, a manufadurc of hop- bagging, and a good ferry over tiie river. It is 1 a m s York, and 187 n by w London. i'ltxamnrca, a tow n of Peru, capital of a territory of its name. Here the Spanifli general Pizarro, in 1532, per- 'dioiifly ((Mzed the inca, Atahuslpha, and the next year, after a mock trial, caull'd !)im to be publicly executed. ]t is; m NK Tiiixillo. Lon. 78 20 w, Kit. 7 32 s. i'axton, a town in Cambridgcfiiire, wltli a mai ket (ni Tuefday, 10 m w by s Cambridge, and 49 n liondon. t iit/ahaga, or ( utjiv^n^ a river of the HaU' of Ohio, whicti runs N into Lake Kiic, in lon. 8i 20 w, and has an Indian town of the lame name on its banks. It is deep enough to receive large floops Irom the lake ; ynd is navigable for boats to its Iburce, vvjienee there is only a portage of a mile to the Tuf- carawa branch of the Mufkingum, which is alio navigable, and runs i into llie Ohio, at Marietta. iMijantba, a town of Peru, in the province of (Juito, 30 m nk Quito. (~'ai/£nne, a rich town and ifiaiid on tlie coaft of Gnayaiia, bounded on the C K I' w by the colony of Suruiam. Tli« ifland is about 50 m in circ nnference, leparated from the continent by a nar- row channel. The furface is low and marfliy, and covered with forclts. Cayenne pepper, fugar, coffee, and the fingularlyclaftic gum called CaontchouB, arc the principal commodities. Tlu: French fettled here in 1625, but left it ■in 1654, and it was fucceffireljr in the polTeflion of the linglilh, French, and Dutch ; but the latter v/ere expelh d by the French in 1^)77. In i8oy, it was attacked by the Engliniand Portuguefe, and furrendertd to the latter. Lon. jj. 15 vv, lat. 456 N. ('ai/Iei/, a town of Brazil, in the go- vernmeni of Para, near the mouth of the Cataypera, 105 m NtPara. Lon. 48 12 vv, lat. o 56 .s. Cayuga, a lake of New York, in Onandago county, 15 m long and » broad. It lies 9 m k Seneca lake, and empties, at its n end, into Seneca river. (■'ayiiga, a town of New York, in Onandago county, on the E fide of the like of the fame name, 60 m ssw Olwcgo. Lon. 76 4» w, lat. 42 30 n. Cazinilr, a town of Little i'i>land, in the palatinate of Lublin, leated on the VifUila, 80 m E Zarnaw. Lon. 22 3 j;, lat. 51 o N'. Cedar Cnck, a \vater of James river, in Virginia, in the county of Rock- bridge ; remarkable for its natural biidge, on the afcent of a hill, whicli leems to have been cloven through it^ length by iomc great eonvuifion. The fillnre at the bridj;(' is 250 feet deep, 45 wide at the bottom, and 90 at tiie top. The bridge Kivcs name to tlir county, and aflords a commodious paf- liige over a valley, which cannot be crofTed elliiwhere for a confiderable dilbiiice. Cedar Pohit, a feaport of Maryland , in Charles county. The exports arc chiefly tobacco and maize. It is fcated on the Potomac, i : m below Port To- bacco, and 40 s by k Wafhington. Cedogna, a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Ultra, at tlie for)tofthe Apen- ninis, 20 m xNNe Conzi. Cefaloma, an ifland in the Mediter- ranean, on the coalt of Livadia, oppo- fite tlie g'llfof Lepaiito. It is 40 jn long and trom jo to : ^ broad, fertile in oil and mufeadine vvin('. It forms ;i part of the republic of Seven Jflands. The capital is of t!ic fame name, on the SK eoart. Lon. 20 56 t:, lat. 38 12 N. Cffulu, a leaporl of Sicily, in Val di Deir.ona, and a bifliop's li-e, with a caftle. It is icated on a promontory, vr ■ ■■:>}^ Ip.i ■s lf ■f p m ■ 'M-i 1 -- 'iSi: I CEN and rirrcmulfd by a wall, with towrrs, 40 n» K by s Palermo. Lon 14 iK k, lit. 38 5 N. Ce/anO' a town of Naples, in Abniz- ro Ultra, near a lake of the fame name, 30 m ill circumference It is 15 m'' Aquila. (-'i/el/rj, or MacnJJ'nr, an ifland in tl;e Indian ocean, to the e of Hornco. It is 560 m from n to s, and divided into various portions by Iprjjc bays, that the breadth is commonly not above fio m. The F. fiile of the ifl ind is fomc- time- culled Ctlcbes, and tin- w Ma- cafftr ; but in i cncral the former name 19 given to the whole idand. It lies under the line ; but the heat is modera- ted by the N winds, and the rains, which cnrftantly fall five days htfore and aftt r the full moon, and during the two tnonthc that the fim is nearly vertical. The products are maize, rice, fago, cocoa nuts, pnmpions, 1 lack pepper, c.illivances or beans, melons, plaiaains, maniocs, oranges, lemons, pines, &c. Theie ar«; alio numerous poifonous trees ai:d plants; and with the juice of the notorious upas, the natives often poil()n their lances and arrows. It is will ftockctl with horfes, buifalOF, cattle, deer, flu^ep, goats, hogb, c;as, and monkies. Cotton grows in great abundance- In the middle of the ifland arc mountains, almoft in- acceflilile. in which are quarries of excellent ftone and marble* and mines of gold, copper, and tin. The inha- l)itants are Malays, confiding of fiveral nations or tribes, and the bt ft foldicrs in thcfe parts. They aie Ihortand thick jet, have a flaitiiu i iCe, but not thick lips, nd their cm!' , r is of a reddifli yellow. They are frequently called BugalTi 5, and have fomething free and flignificd in their mavuitr fuperior to other Malays, and arc remarkably in- eluih ibus. The Dutch have fome fettle- menls on the coafts, of which the chief is M.TC-iflar; and, in 18 10, the Englidi f)b\iiiied polllflion of Gorontano, and Manado. (>//, or Marten Celle, a town of Stiiia, with a ceiebnted abbey, ieated on the Siilt/a, 17 m nne Bruck. Ceacda, a town of Italy, in Trevi- fano, iS'm n Trevifo. Cents, a mountpin of the Maritime Alps, «)n the borders of Pi"dmont and Savoy, which is a noted paflnge between the two countries. On its fummit, amid the rigours of eternal winter, is a monaftery, where the benumbed, wea- ried, or lickly traveller is benevolently relieved. ^entrvilU, a town of Marvhud, chief ot C^iiern / on ")unty. I' . .ndi between the forks of Corfica c . .!c, wiiiclj h'i'i- t( Cliefter river, 14 ni ? \,j vr Chcfler, and 5 sw Ph.;.iueiphia. Lon. ;/i II w, la . ^^9 4 n. (\ray7i^ an iliauM, one of the Moluc- cis, 180 -p lonp and c;o broad. It is mountainous and woody ; and theljgo tree forms a conlideiable articit? of export. It is fubjed to th • fultan of Bachiin. Along the coaft the Dutch have had influence ami power to deilroy the clove-trees. Lon. 127 to 130 e, hit. J s. Cerefajjna, h country on the Pyre- nees, partly in Spain, in the province ot Catalonia, and partly in France, in the department of Eaftern Pyre- nees. Puycerda is the capital of the Spanifli part, and Mount Louis of the Trench. Ct're, St. a town of France, in the (Up.irtn)ent of Lot, 37 m ne Cahors, and 75 ssK Limoges. ('eretiza, a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Citta, (eated oi' a rock, 10 m n by w Severino. ('errt. a town of France, in the dc- partn. nl of Eallern Pyrenees, with a niagnih ent bridge of one arch ovt-r the Tct. Here the commiflioners of France and Spain met, in 1660, to fettle the limits of the two kingdoms. In 1794, t!ie French defeat( d the Spaniards near this \o\\n. It is 14 m wsw Perpigiian, Vfi-ignoUti a town of Naples, in C.i- pitarial; , celebrated by Horace for iti exc( llcnt bread. Near this town is the ancient Salapia, the ruins of which arc ftill called Salpe. It is aom s Man- fredonia. i'erigo, an ifland in the Mediterranean fea, to the s of Morta, formerly known by the name of Cythera. It is 45 m in circumference, full of mountain,"-, and forms part of the republic of Seven Iflands. It has a town of the fame name, with a callle on a fharp rock, and a fmall harbour. Lon. 2 a ^4 e, lat. 36 14 N. ('erillyi a town of France, in the de- partment of All'er, 7 m w Moulins, and 1 1 s Bourges. ('erines, a feaport of Cyprus, and a Greek bi/hop's fee, with a caftle on an immenfe rock. The chief exports are barley, filk, cotton, oil, and carob beans. It is ;o ni Nw NicoQa. Lon. 32 55 e> lat 35 45 f*- ('eme Abbey, a tO""n in DorftUh '", with a market on Wednefda ' it "s fur rounded by high chalk hills and c!i the fide of one of them is cut tht rr^uxe «ra man, il club iu his : thj jiiicr. abbey, and converted in fcated on tl Dorchefter, Cer . 'tz , a canton of Gr ieated on th) Cerrito, a di Lavoro, legiatechurc Certosa, a with a celeb; 5 m N Pavia _ Cervera, ;i ni.i, with a m N by w Ta borders of I nean, 8 m n CW-via, a t fcated near t eatiala are cu which much »K Kavenna. Cervi>ia7a, cipato Ultra, Ccjhria, on the capital of by Herod, in and in the fp from an obfci nificent city c harbour mac Here St. Pau years, and . which made was at firft became a R pafian, and Many revolut 1264, when it to the Tu frequently re rapidly decl: without a hui ous temples Scattered on its port not remains of have long bet whenever b' quired at Act on the feacoa Cefena, a feated at the coveied wit! has a ro.Tiant and an anci arches over Ravenna. Cfjinatkt, C E S •fa man, iHo ffct in height, holding a dab ill his -n h*: hand, and extending tho jiiier. ilcrc was formerly a (lately abbey, and part of its ri !n;iins is now «onvcrted into a houfe and barn. It is feated on the river Ccrne, 7 m nnv Dorchefter, .u.d lao vv by .< Londc^n. CVr . -tz, a town oi Svv'iircrl.md, in the canton of Griluns, witli a mineral fprir]^ ; Icated on the Inn, 24 m se Coire. Cerrito, a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, with a catheilral and col- legiate church, 5 m NNE Teli-fa. C'ertosa, a town of Italy, in Mihncfe, with a celebrated Carthufian inonaltery, 5 m N Pavia. Cfrvera, a town of Spain, in Citalo- ni.i, with a cehbrated univerfity, 34 m N by w Tarragona — Another, on the borders of France and the Mediterra- nean, 8 m N Rofes. Cer-via, a town of Italy, in Romagna, feated near tliegiilfof Venice, whence eatiala are cut to admit fva water, from which much lalt is made. It is 10 m »K Ravenna. Crrvina7a, a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Ultra, i» m sw Bt-ncvcnto. Ccjhria, once a feaport of Syria, and the capital of Palefline. It was fo called by Herod, in honour of Augullus Cel'ar, and in the fpace of ten years becuqae, from an obfcure fortrefs, the moft mag- nificent city of all Syria, with a noble harbour made at immtufe expenfe. Here St. Paul was a prifoner above two years, and fpoke that eloquent appeal, which made Felix to tremble. The city was at firft governed by kings ; but it became a Roman colony, under Vef- pafian, and changed itb name to Flavia. Many revolutions fucceeded to the year 1264, when the Chriftians finally ceded it to the Turks ; but from difafters fo frequently renewed, its former fplendor rapidly di'cr.)ed. For ages it has been without a human inhabitant ; its gorge- ous temples, palaces, theatres, &:c. fcattered on the gionn(i ; and the fite of its port not to be diftinguilhed. The remains of this city, yet confiderable, have long been reforted to as a quarry, whenever building materials were re- quired at Acre. Its extenfive ruins are on thefeacoaft, 18 m ssw Acre. Cefina, a town of Italy, in Romagna, feated at the foot of a ridge of hills, covered with villas and convents. It has a romantic caftle on an eminence, and an ancient bridge of three vail arches over the Savio, i8 m s by e Ravenna. Cejenati(9, a feaport of Italy, in Ro- CE Y m.ijrn.T. In 1800, the inhabitantn havin^ir arrefted a mefenger with d'fpatches, the Englilh ft-t firf to thi.* mules of the h:rbour, and detboyed i6 v«'irelh. V. is featf i on the gulf of Venice, 16 m ^!- rnv( I na. Ce.fifux^ a t ^wn of Fraiu*; , in the department of Here, 27 m esk Lyon. Cttte, a feiport of France, in tlir; .Ir- partmcnt of Herault, feated at the p'lcc where the canal of Langucioc f li- natcs i'l ihe Mcd'.terraiiean ft a, n ssw Montpellier. Lon. 3 4* i.it. 43 24 N. (Jeva^ a town of Piedmont, with a fort. It was taken by the Fivncli in 1796, and retaken by the Piedinontck peafants in 1799. It (lands on the Tanaro, 8 m sk Mondovi. Ce-veunes, a late territory of France, in the province of Languedoc. It is a mountainous country, and now forms the department of Card. Ceuta, a fortified feaport of the king- dom of Fez, and a bilhop's fee. It be- long* to Spain, and on the land fide is capable of rcfifting every attack, nnlefs aided by fome naval force. In 18 10, a Britini force was admitted into the garrifon to protedt it from the French. It (lands at the extremity of a peninfula, on the (Irait of Gibraltar, so m sse Gibraltar, and azNNK Tetuan. Lon. 5 13 w, lat. 35 50 N. Ceylon, an illand in the Indian ocean, feparated from the se point of Hin- dooftan, by Palk ftrait and the gi if of Manaar. It is a8o m long and 140 in its greateft breadth nearly ref<*ra- bling a ham in Ihape, .i:'»nar-n\ part to the N ; and hence ih penin 'la of Jafnapatam was called ' .nlbc ' by the Dutch. The flat tr . ; on U-e coaft, covered with rich fie.' Is of rice, ai"c bounded by groves of ''j. coanut trees, and the proi'ped ufually cc 1. n ited by- woods, which cover the fidi . c'. moun- tains. The K coaft is i.aid and rocky, and the n part is every where indented with inlets of the fta. The interior parts abound with fteep and lofty nioun- tains, covered with thick forclls, and full of alnioft impenetrable jungles ; but there are tVriilc vallies. The woods and mountaiiis completeiy fnrround ih^ dominions of the king of Candy, and are a natural barrier ii^'ainft his foreign enemies. The moil lotty r^nge of mountains divide the iOand nearly into two parts, and ternmiate compfetely the eflecfls of the monluons, winch Oit in periodically from oppolite fides of them. Ths feafons are more regulatf^d is..; J,' i I m. by tli^ '•aonfoons tliaii ihecoitrff of th«? fun ; for llic rouK-ft fenli)n is iluriiig tlic fiiinnitr folfticc. while the wi (Utii moii- toon prevails. Spring commences in OdtohiT, and the hoUcIt fciifon is from J.inti;iry to the bc^'inning of April- Tlu; ■ climHte, on tht? co.iR, in mor^ tt-mprtatc th.m on the confiiicut of Ifiiulooftan; but in the inferior of thr country the heat is many dcgrtcs greater, and often rxtrrmcly fnltry and unhealthy. The moft eonfid'^rable mountain is called Uamaiell, or Adam'a Peak, and is of a pyiamidical form, nrar the mii'.dli' of thi' illand. On its top is a lurgr flat ftone, with an impreJFion on it in the ■ ^■^- ;> 1 iS '•;'■■ '■I ■ ti i ■ f en A tlie Sp;ui*in«l» nv.nU- thcn.filven maftnn of thiH ftpitil, hut it W.IH rtrtortil l)y the pi-aci' uf 174S. It WU9 takni in 17Q» hv thi* pMnch, wlio were ilifpof It Hid of it in 1799. but rr).;t'iu'({ it 'ii iPuo. It iH fcitid at the cnnlliix of the Li'de ami Orluiu-, a? m Nt (iiniulilc, and 8 NW I'uriri. Lon. 5 50 t, lat. 45 ,^J ^• ( /itimift/, n fort of Lowrr C.in;i(fa. Dti the nvtr Ch mdiiy, or Sort'l ; and a li'flc higfitr on the f mc rivi r i» ih«' fort ofSt.lolin. Fort Cliambly was taken by thf Anericans in 1775, and rtt kui by the Ivngliflj in 1776. It ia 18 m tsE Mo. freal. ( /lamoiijf St. a town of France, in the di'p ittincnt of Rhone, vvitli a c.illle on the river Cie/, 1? m .■» Ly^n. Cfiiifn/'ajine, .1 late province of France, 162 na li>n); and 1 12 broad ; boiindid on the V by Ilainault and Lnxembiirg, K by Lf»rr. ill aid FrinLlu Comte, s by Biirpi'ndy, and \v by the Iflf of France and Soin'oiiiiois. It now forms the de- patmoiits of Ardinnt:*, Aiibc, Matnc, and Upper M irni*. i7iiinif>/ain, a lake of N Anurica, which dividis the ne part of the (fate of Kew York from that ( t V-tmont. It is Ho m lonp, 18 wlint.' broadefb, and the nic.tn widdi abont 6. It contains many inands, the jMincIpal nf which, calhd North Hero, is 24 ni long, and from a to 4 wide ; bnt in ore part it is not more than 50 ft et wide, where ferry boats are frcqiuiitly hanltd over to fliorten their pall'ige. Thin lake receives the wall rs of La^a» George from the s by South river, and fends its own waters a s' conife, through SortI river, into the St I,;twrtiice. To the f. of its outlet a branch extends northward, crt'Ied Miflifqni bay, the jireatelt part of which lies in Canada. Both fides of the lake are lined with woods and moun- tains, but along its fliores are many well-cultivated farms. In 1 7 7 7, a naval engagement was fuujiht on this lake be- tween the Britidi under general Carl- ton, and the Americans under genet al Arnold, in which the latter were totally defeated. C!ha)7iplain, a town of New York, in Clii.ton county, fituatc on Lake Cham- plain, near its NW extremity, 70 m n Crown Paint. Champkrnyy a town of France, in the dcpntment of Nievre, near the fource of the Nii-vrc, 25 m nne Ncvers. Chamtco, a river of the country of the Hottentots, whicli flows s, and en- ters the ocean 60 ni n e of Algoa bay. It w»s originally the s boundary of Natal, r II A and ftill fcpai.itc* two very different coiinirie* in rcfpeft to climate .md fer. tility. The ftrt.im It broad, and In foine parts foidable at low water. <'/mn^,i, .1 town of Ilindooltan, In Bcrar, (eated «)n .1 I'r^nch of the fJod- avtry, 78 m « Nagpour. Lon. '.954 t, lat. ao a N. ('hfludcreft a town of Hindonflan, capital of a dilhic^ in the Malwa cnuii* try, near the river Bcfwha. It is the ttfidenee of a r.ijah, and 170 m s Agr;i. Lon. 7}! 4j E, lat. j.j 48 n. ( hcindi rna\;ovc, a town of Ilindnofl.in, in Bengal. It was the principd French (ittlcment in the E Indies, and had a flronp fort, which wjih deftroycd by the Ftiplilhin 1757 ; and in i7»;^,they agaiii difpfill'i (led the I'rench of this fellle- nicnt. It is featcil on the w fulc of the llooply, T5 m N Calcutta. (Iia>ii')r, a town of Hindoollan, ia the country of Biglana, taken by tlie Englifb in 18:4. It is 90 m wnw Au« run;:id)aii. Lon. 74 3B i^ lat, 20 8 n. f.7uint/rit(ruti, a town of Hindoollan. in Myfore, wiih a fort on a hipili pealred hill. The vicinity produces (hndal wood of a go(jil ([iKiIity. it is feated near the Varada, on the conftneiof the country, 4 2 ni N Nigara. t'liou^-liai, a town of China, in the province of Kiang-nan. In this town, and the villages dependent on it, are more than 200,000 weavcrfl of cotton cloth. It i:t 18 m .se Song-kiang. ('han)7iaimhigt a city of Tibet, which has been the refidcncc of the grand lama. It is 130 m w LalFa. Lon. S9 45 I", lat. 31 K. Citar.onri/ ; fee PortroCe- ilian-f, »)ne of the fmalleft provinces of China, bordering on the great wall. It ia full of mountains, fome of which are uninhabited, and have a wild and frightful appearance; but the reft arc cultivated with care, and cut into ter- races from top to bottom. It cont;tins five cities of the firll chfs, and 85 of the fecond and third. The capital is Tai- yuen. t'ltantUly, a town of France, in the department of Oife. Htrc is a great pottery ; aU'o a fine foreft and magnifi- cent hunting-feat, which lately belong- ed to tlie prince of Cond«i. It is 17 m N by K Paris. Lluiniotigy a province of China, on the eaftern coaft. It contains fix cities of the firft rlafs, and 1 14 of the fecond and third ; bcfide which there are along the coaft fevcral forts and villages of confiderable note on account of their commerce, and tkDucabrroffmalliflundt; lh pioux ilrcam, which might be eaGly cc nduAed in a direitiun oppofttc that which it now takes It IN i: m H8I Taunton and ij(; w hy s London. t'/mrf»tf, ;t depiutmcnt of France, incliuliiiK the late province of Angou- mois. It \i named from a river, which rifes in riiitofln, and run* by Angou- lefme and Saintes into the bay or BH- cay. An>';()>ilefme is the capital. C/iarente, I'Oiver, a department of France, conlifting of the two late pro- vinces of Aunis and Saintongc. Saintcs is the capital. Charentotiy a town of France, in the department of Paris, once famous for its protcftant church. It Hands on th.. river Seine, 4ms Paris. *'harite, a town of France, in the de- partment of Nievre, with manufaiftureB of woollen and hardware Here is a priory of Benedidine Cluniftcs, which once, in a feafon of fcarcity, fubfifted the whole town by its bounty ; and hence it derives its name. It is fcaied on the Loire, 15 tn n by w Ncvers. Hharkatu, a town of Rullia, capital of a governmaat of the fame name, for- merlycalled the govemnn^nt of Ukrania- Slovodlkaia. Hen: is a univerlity found- ed by the preltnt emperor Alexander. It is fcated in an extenfive plain, partly on an eminence between the rivers Charkowa and Lopan, 400 m s by w Mofoow. Lon. 35 54 K, lat. 50 10 n. Charhmont, a borough and garrifon i.">wn of Ireland, in the county of Armagh, on the river Blackwatcr, 6 in 8 Dungaanon. C'//ar/^»io«/,afortified town of France, in the department of Ardennes, on a craggy mountain, by the river Mtufc, ao m N E Rocroy. Charleroy, a town of the Nether- lands, in the county of Namur. It has been often tstken, the laft time by the French in tf94- It is feated on the Sambre, 18 m w Namur. Charles, Cape, the N cape of Virginia, at the entrance of Chefapeak bay, 14 m MNB of cape Henry. Lon. 75 50 w, lat. 37 12 N. C/iarlest Cape, a promontory forming the E extremity of Labrador, and the » point of the entrance of the ftrait of BelleiOe. Lon. 55 a^ w, lat. ;a a; n. ?• * ,,/v u: ^ I '-i n. ril A Charles, Ca^e, a promontory on the «w p.irt of the (irait entering into llud* foil l).iy. Loii 7( If w, lat. ^>. 40 m. C'Aarltt, St. A town ot l.ouili.uu, on tlic liTi hiiiik of the MiU'ixirt, n n< nhovc it« curfliix with the Milliflippi, nnd .14 w by N St. I.ouii. Charhjhn, a brae dlftrl^ of 8 C;iro. lina, which lict b^twft'n H.ittle<* .iml Combahre rivtri. The city of Char'c- noil is thecnpiiAl. C'fyarl*/hn, u fortiricd city and (canort of S Caroliii J, (leemt-d the cipital ol tlur ftate, though the feat of government it at Culumbi.t. It ia a place of good trade t and hau an exchange^ a public library, an armoury, an^l i\ fdiln.c» for public worHtip. It Aindu on a tongue of land between the river 1 Alhlry and Cooper, the former of which is navigu* ))le for /hips of burden 20 m above tne town. The inhabitants areedimated at i7,ooo- It is 100 m siE Coliimbi'>. Lon. 80 2 w, lat- 32 48 n. CharUjlon, a town of Maryland, in Cecil county, near the head of Chef- aprak bay, 6 m k by s Havre dc Grace, and 60 sw Philadelphia. Charlefloriy a town of New Hamp* ftiire, chief of C hefhire county It it fituate on the Connciflicut, 84 m wnw Portlmouth, and 105 nw Bodon. Lori. 71 23 w,Ui. 43 ,6 N. C/iarlf/hrif a town of MafTachufetii, chief of Nliddlefex county. It is lituatc under the celebrated Breeds Hill, on a peniufnJa formed by M yftic river on the K, and a bay fetting up from ('harlcs river on the w ; and is connedled on the I, by C harlcs River Bridge, with Bof- ton. Charlt/hn, a town of the ftate of Rhode Ifland, in Wafhington county, 19 rn NW Newport. Charlejhn, a town of Scotland, in Aberdeenniire, much frequented by invalids for the benefit of goats whey. It is feated neur the Oce, a8 m w by s Aberdeen. (JharUville, a borough of Inland, in the county of Cork, 34 m n by w Cork, and 39 wsw Cafhel. Charlevil/e, a town of France, in the department of Ardennes. Here is a inagninLcnt Iquare, and in the centre a handlome fountain. It h icaled on the Meufe, oppofite Mczieres, 25 m wnw Sedan. Charlotte^ a town of N Carolina, tthicf of Mecklenburg county, fituate on Steel creek, 44 m ssw Salifbury. Lon. to 45 w, lat. 35 12 N. Charlottenburg, a town of Branden- ( yiarldtte'tonvn, the capital of the iilf of St. John, in lli' gulf of St. I.awrrncr, rn A burg, in the MIddIr mark, with a royal paUce, and magnificent girdenn. ft wJi built by Sopliia ( hnrlotte, thr fliil quwn of I'rutTla, on the river J m NE T Chateau . the departi tenfivf fjilt Chateau '. • n the (Icp ^'aftlc on nil place of tilt feaied on Paris. Lon Oiateau / the departn m ^y Cinnm Chair audu department caille built Dunois; fea the Loir, \o Chateau/in department derable trai Au/.on, 12 m Chateuunei the depiiriii Bourge.i, Chateauneu the departmJ ra NW Chartr ^hateauneu of France, m C H A pftl.ic* belonging to tht blfliop of Cim. bray. A trc4fy was concliulctl hcu*, in 1^59, hrtwitn llcnry tt of Krarnr and Pliilip II of Spain It in fcatcd on thc^'cilll•, 14 m III Camliuy. VhatfUH t'Ainou, n town of Prance, In the aniif.ianrf nf cloth \ ri»atnl near thr fmirce of the Yonnc, j6 m » by (■'hnteau I'iauphin, a Hrniig onlllf of Pirdiimnt. near the foiircc of the I'.*, 16 in vv by N Sahi/./.o. C/ialtau (lu Loir, a town of France, in th»* tit'partmcnl «)f Sartr, fainoii. for a fifgc ul fi ven y«?.ira againll tlie count of Mann. It ii fcatcd on ilic Loir, aa m ••K Mam. Chateau (lonliettn town of Franrr,in the dt'p,irtmi ut of Maycnne, wjih a caftic, a mincr.ll fprinjr, and a Iradr in lini ns ; fcatod on the Maycnne, aa m *w Angci<;. Chateau LanJon, a town of France, in the dcp.irtment of Sfint- and M.iriic, with an Augndino abbry, fcalcd on a hill, 30 m .s Mcluii. Chateau Meil/ant, a town of France, in the department of Cher, wiih an an- cient caftie, it m s Bituigrs. Chateau Portien, a town of France, in the department of Ardennes, 6 m w Rethd. Chateau Utgnaud, a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, 16 m NE Tours. Chateau Salins, a town nf France, in \Uc department of Mcurtlir, with ex.. tenfivc fait works, 16 m n 1. Nancy. Chateau Thinrri/, a town of France, in the department of Aifne, with a caftie on an eminence. It is the birtli- place of the celebrated Fontaine, and ll'ated on the river Marne, ^7 m rst Paris. Lon. ] 33 k, lat. 49 a n. Chateau I'Uain, a town of Francf, in the department of Upper Manie, 16 m w Chaumont. Chaff auduft, a town of France, in the department of Enre and Loir, with a callle built by the famous count of Dunois ; feati^d on an eminence, near the Loir, 30 m n Bloi"^ Chateaiilin, a town o^ France, in the department of FiniHeire, with a confi- derable trade in (latei ; feated on the Au/on, 12 m N Quimper. Chateuuneuft a town of France, in the depiirimcnt of Cher, 16 m s Bourges. Chateauneuf, a town of France, in the department of Euro and Loir, 16 III Nw Chattre*. Chateauneuf, a town of France, in ( ri A the department of Maynneand Loiie, felled on thr Sartr, 14 m m Angcri. C/ntl^'iiirohx, i town of I'rancr, c,»« pit il of lh».' clepartmcnt of Indre, witli a caftie. It ha<( a minufatfturc of cloth, anil it A'atcd on a pleafjiit pl.iiii, on th»! In«lrf, t5 m kw • H,,iirgfi, antl 14H n hy w l».uu. Lon. 1 51 R, lat. 46 C.h.itJ, a town of Prancr, in-thede. pirtmint of VoIk^, (itatcd on the Mo. ftlle, 8 III V Fpiiial. Chatcl Chnlont a town of France, in the dep.ntmi'iit of Jura, aj m fcNi hoi\n If Sunnier. ChaieUtrnult, a town of France, in the dip.irtmeiii of Vienne, noted for its cntli ry. watchmaking, and the rutting of fiilfcdiamoniU \ feated on the Vimnr, a2 m KK Poiticri Chntfnoy, a town of France, in the departm»*ril of Vofge^, 6 m SB Neuf- cliatciii. Chatham, a lown in K^nt, feated on the Midway, ailjoinintj .he E pa|t of Kndicftcr. It in one oj* tht principal ftationi of the royal navy j ti j its laryc dock-yard, containinj,' immenfe maga- zines fiirnillieil with all Ibrts of naval ftores, is dirnud the firft arfenal in the worhl. Here arc alio an ordnance wharf, a viiftuallins-oflice, and two liof- pitals for decayed mariners and (liip- wriglits. In 1 667, the Dutch failed up to this town, and burnt feveral men of war : but the eii.raiice into the Med v/ay is now defended by Sheerncfs and other forts, and additional fortifications here. ( hatham lias a mark-t on Satnr- d.«y, a church, n chapel of cafe, and a iliip uled as a church by the failorH. In I do I, the number of iidiabitants waii 10,505 : sec liochijier. Chatham, a town of Maftachufcti, in Barnftable county, fituate on the ex- terior extremity of the elbow of Cape Co(' It has about 40Teircls employed in the filheiy, and is 70 m SR Bofton. Lon. 70 5 w, lat. 41 44 n- C/iiitham, i town of Coniieflicut, in Middlcfex county, on the ri\4T Connec- ticut, oppofite Middleton. Chatham, a town of S Carolina, chief of Chelterik'ld county. It is fituate in a rich country, at the head of the Pedce, 90 m NK Columbia, and no n by w Georgetown. Lon. 79 40 w, lat. 34 40 N. Chotiilon lei Dombciy a town of France, in the department of Ain, lam w Bourp. Chatillonfur Indre, a town of France, in the dcpariment of Indre, \% m sij Lochei. La U \-m ■:i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 Ml lit lU 1^ L£ 12.0 i p^* ^ /. '^. Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS 80 (716) 872-4503 \ ^ :\ \ rv o^ •^"^ CUE ChatlUonfur Marnt, a town of France, in the department of Marne, 17 in s llheims. (Jhatillon fur Se'tnet a town of France, in the department of C6te d'Or, divided into two by the river Seine. It has iron- works in the neighbo irhood, and is 40 m Nw Dijon. Lon. 4 35 1, lat. 47 42 N. Chatonnayt a town of France, in the department of Iferc, 15 m b Vienne, and 12 SB Lyon. ChatrakaU a fort and diftria: of My- forc. See Chitteldroofr. C/iaire, a town of France, in the de- partment of Indre, with a woollen ma- imfadlure; feated on the Indre, ai m SSB C'hatcauruux. C/iatfiwortht a yWhgc in the peak of Derbyihire, near the river Derwent, 6 m w C better field. Here is a magnifi- cent feat of the dukes of Devon/hire, which, for its fine fituation, park, gar- dcn«, fountains, &c. is juflly deemed one of the wonders of the peak. In its firtt age it was the prifon of Mary queen of Scots, for 17 years- Cbatterpoun a town of Hindooftan* in the province of Allahabad, capital of the circar of Bundelcund* It is 130 m wiw AlIalM^ad. Lon. 79 56 e, lat. 25 o Mr. Chaixan, a town of Hindooftan, in the proTioce of Moultanf 90 m w Moultan. Chaveit a town of Portugal, in Tra I08 Montest with two fuburbs, and two forti. Between the town and the fuburb Magdalena u a Roman ftone bridge. It ftands near the confines of Spam, on the river Tamega» 46 m w Braganza. C/iaumont, a town of France, capital of the department of Upper Mame. Here il a manufaAure of woollen cloth, and a trade in deer and goat fkins. It is ftated «n a mountain, i.v*ar the river Mame, j6 m b by s Tro;t t:. Lon. 5 9 u, lat. 48 8 N. Chaumeat, a town of France, in the department of Oiie, 16 m ssw Beauvats. Chauny, a town of France, in the de- partment uf Aifne, on the river Oife, 20 m B Noyon. Chaux de FonJi a village of Swifler- land, in the principality of Neuchatel. The inhabitant!, about 3000, make nu- merous watches and clocks; and the women are employed in the lace manu- iaAure. It is feated in a fertile valley, 9 m NNw Neuchatel. C/ieadUt a town in Stafford (hire, with a market on Saturday. Here is a large tape manufadure, and in the vidnity are feveral copper and brafg works. CHE Four m se are the ruins of Croxdee abbey. It is feated in the molt fertile part of the moorland, la m nnb Staf- ford, and 146 NW London. ChebuSlo, a bay and harbour on the S8E coaft of Nova Scotia. The bay is large ciough to (belter 1000 men of war ; and near the head, on the w fide, ftands the city of Halifax. ChcdabuSlo, a bay at the e end of Nova Scotia, between the ifland and gut of Canfo. Salmon river enters thiH bay from the w, and is remarkable for one of the greatcft filheries in the world. C/iedderf a village in Somcrfeilhirer. feated under Mendip hills, a m se Ax- bridge. It is famous for excellent chcefe ;. and its cliffs conftitute one of the finefk pieces of rock fcenery in England. Cheduba, an ifland in the bay of Ben- gal, on the coaft of Birmah, 45 m long and 10 broad. It yields abundance of rice, and the moft weftern point is in lon. 93 35 E, lat. 18 56 N. Cfieego Muddu a town of Hindooftan, in the country of Cutch, at the mouth of the Caggar, 23 m 3W Boopeboogc. Cheitore, a town of Hindooftan, in the territory of Oudipour. It was the ca- pital of the rana, or chief prince, of the Rajpoots, in the days of his greatnefs ;. and was a fortrefs and city of great ex- tent, fituate on a mountain : but It has been in ruins fince the time oT Aurung- zebe, in 1 68 1. It is 46 m nne Oudi- ' pour, and 88 ssw Agimere- Chelm, a town of Poland, in Red Ruf- fia, capital of a palatinate of its name, and a biftiop's fee. In 17941 the Poles were defeated by the Pruffians near this town. It is 100 m ese Warlaw. Lon. 23 29 E, lat. 51 20 N. Chelmer, a river in ElTex, which rifcs near Thaxted, and flows by Dunmow and Chelmsford to Maiden, where it joins the Blackwater. Chelmsford, the county town of Eflex, with a market on Friday. Here is a ftately church, a magnificent ftiire-houfe, an excellent conduit, and a iireefchool founded by Edward vi. It ia fituate at the conflux of the Can with the Chel- mer, 29 m ENE London. Lon. o 33 e, lat. 51 44 N. Chelmsford, a town of Maflachufets, in Middlefex county, near the s bank of the Merimac, over which is a cu- rious bridge, at Patucket Falls, which conneifts this town with Dracut. It is 28 m NNW Boilon. Chelfea, a village in Middlefex, on the Thames, a mile w Wcftminfter. Here is a magnificent hofpital for the invalids of the army, begun by Charles ix ; a xdeB ertilc Staf- n the bay ii en of ! fidCy ind of d and rs th'iH ble for world* jUhire,. 3E AX- :heefe ; e fineft i. of Ben- m long lance of nt is in iooftan, a mouth booge. m, in the 8 the ca- e, of the reatnefs ; great ex- )ut it hat Aurung- E Oudi- RedRuf- ts name, he Poles near this A*. Lon. I of Eflex, lere is a [re-houfe, reefchool Jfituatc at Ithe Chel- o 33 E, [achufets, |e s bank ia a cu- tis, which It. It is tx, on the fr. Here [e invalids lea II j a CHE rsyal military afylum for indigent bnys; and an excellent phytic garden, given to ^be compHny of apothecaries, in i;tt, by fir HansSloane. Cbelttnhamt a town in Olouccfter- ihire, with a market on Thurfday. Here is a mineral fpring, celebrated for itsfalubrity ; and 2 m k of the town is anothtr of the fame kind. Hence it is become a place of public refort, and in 1788 was honoured with the reRdence of the royal family. The number of inhabitants was 3076 in i8oi> and 8315 in 181 1. It is 9 m ne Glouccfterf and 94 w by N Lon.^jn. Cheium, or Behaty a river of Afiai the wefternmolt of th« five eaftern branches of the Indus, it rifes above Caflimere, flows through the province of that name, into that of Lahore, and joins the Chu- naub, 16 m below KooHiaub. This river is the Hydafpes of Alexander. Chelyt St. a town of France, in the department of Lozere, 18 m n by w Mende, and 30 sw Puy. C/iemrtitZt a town of Upper Saxony, :n Mifnia, furrounded by walls and ditches. It has four fuburbs, and a caftle about a mile from the town. Great quantities of cottons end other fine ftuffs are made here; and the bleaching buHnefs is confiderable. It is fituate on a river of the fame name, 36 m sw Drefden. Lon. iz 57 b, lat. 50 Chenangoy a town of New York, in Tioga county, where the judicial courts are held in May. It is fituate nrar the river Jhenango, which flows into the Sufquehana, 32 m ne Union, and 60 sw Cooperftown. Lon. 760 w, lat. 42 n n. Chenapatam, a town of Hindooftan, in Myfore, near which is a handlbme ftonefort. It has manufaduresof fugar, glafs, and excellent muPic wire, and a great trade in the produce of the palm- gardens in its vicinity. Il is 40 m ene Seringapatam. ChencouTt or Chemkotty a town of Ar- menia, on the frontiers of Georgia, with a beautiful caftle, grand caravanferas, and feveral mofques. it is 160 m ne Erivan. Chen-Jitont of the mod extenfive pro- vinces of China, bordering on the great wall, which terminates here, and is but rudely conftrudted of turf or hardened clay. It is divided into two parts, the eaftern and weftern, and contains eight cities of the firft rank, and 160 of the iecond and third. It is fertile, com- mercial, and rich, but fubjeft to long droughts ; and clouds of locufts fome- timei deftroy every thing that grows in CHB the fields : thefe infe<>il!i \f im i m i .-?<-'': til f . ; "^ :\- *<\ CHE Cherburg is 60 m Nvr Caen. Lon. i 37 w, ht. 49 39 s. C/icriLon } fee Charahnrt' Cherkest a town of Aliatic Turkey, in Natoiin, liirroundal by a wall, and fituate in a plain. 66 m e BoH. Cheronifo, a town of European Tur- key, on the NE coaft of the illand of Negropont, 1,5 m B Ntjjropont. Cheroy, a town of France, in the de- partment of Yonne, 10 m w Sens. Cherry Valiey, a town of New York, in Otfego county, at the head of a creek of its name, on the e fide of Ot- fego iake, la m ME Cooperftown, and 45 w by N Albany. Cherfo, an ifland in the gulf of Ve- nice, between the coafls of Idria and Croatia. On the s it is fcpi;rated from Ofcro by a very narrow channel, and the two iflandu are united by a bridge. The foil is (tony ; but it abounds in cattle, wine, oil, and honey. It has a town of the (ame name, with a good harbour. Lon. 14 4; E, lat. 45 10 N. Cherfon, the capital of New Rufliai in the government of Catharinenllaf, creftcd by Catharine 11, on the n bank of the Dnieper, lo m below the influx of the Ingulec Here is a dock, from xvhich feveral men of war and merchant (hips have been launched ; but owing to fome fand banks in the river, the naval cftablifhment has been transferred hence to Nicolayef. The church and many of the houles are built of ftone ; but the town is finking into decay- In 1787, the emprefs made a triumphal journey to this capital, and here met emperor Jofeph 11. At this place, in i7<5o, the philanthropic Howard fell a vi(flim to his tndifatigable humanity ; he was interred near the adjacent village of Dauphigny, and a monument eredted to his memory by the Ruflian admiral. Cherlbn is 50 m E Oczakof. Lon. 3 1 a6 E, lat. 46 37 N. Chertfey, a town in Siury, with a market on Wednefday. Here was for- merly an abbey, of which only a part of the walls now remain; it was the firit burial place of Henry vi, who was af- terward removed to Windfor. It is leated hear the 1 hames, over which is a handfome bridge, ao m w by s London. Che/apeak, the largcft and fafeft bay \n the United States. Its entrance is 14 miles wide, between cape Charles in Maryland and cape Henry in Virginia. It extends 270 m to the n, is from 10 to 40 m broad, and generally nine fathoms deep ; containing feveral idands and many commodious harbours. It receives the Sufquebana^PQtomaC} Rap- CHE pahnnnoc, York, and James riverii which are all large and navigable. Citfjham, a town in BuckinghamfliirCt with a market on Wednefday, and ma- nufadlures of lace and wooden ware; featcd in a vale, 27 m nw London. Chejhire, a county palatiae of Eng- land, bounded on the n by Lancalhire, NE by Yorkshire, e by Derby Ihire, SK by Staflbrdfliire, s by Shroplhire, w by Denbighlhirc and Flintlhirc, and nw by the Irilh fea, into which projerts a peninfula, la m long and 6 broad, formed by the mouths of the Merfey and the Dee. This county extends 33 m from n to s, and 42 from e to w, without including the peninfula jult mentioned on the w, or a narrow traft of land, which ftrelches, between Lan- cafhire and Derbylhire, to Yorklhire, on the NE. It contains 650^880 acres ; is divided into (even hundreds, and 88 parifiies; has a city and iz market- towns, and fends four members to par- liament. The number of inhabitants was 191,751 in 1801, and 227,031 in 18 1 1. The principal rivers are the Rlerfey, Weevcr, and Dec ; and it has feveral fmall lakes. It is rich in paf- ture and corn land ; but there are feveral heaths, upon which horfes and Hieep feed, amqng which are the exten- five foreils of Alaccle&field and Dela- mere. The country is generally level ; the higheft hills in it are about Frod- (ham ; and its extenfive paftures feed a great number of cows, from whofe milk is made excellent cheefe, of which vaft quantities are fent to London, Briftol, York, Scotland, Ireland, &c. This county is iikewife famous for its fait f'prings at Namptwich, Middlewich, Northwich, and Winsford ; and, at Northwich, there are va(t pits of folid i'alt rock. Chejievt a c'ty and the capital of Chelhirc, and a bifhop's fee, with a market on Wednefday and Saturday. It is governed by a mayor; and the walls are nearly 2 m in circuit, in which are four gates, toward the car- dinal points. It has a ftrong cadle (in which is the fliire-hr.ll) and nine churches, befide the cathedral. The main ftreets have a fort of covered por- tico running out from houfe to houfe, which are called rows, and afford a ftieltered walk for the foot paflrengcr&. The number of inhabitants was 15,05; in 1801, and 16,140 in 181 1. It has a conftant communication with Ireland ; this and Holyhead being the prin- cipal places for taking fliipping for Dublin. Cbefter has a fmall ihare of rWeri. nd ma- ware ; on. )f Eng- caihirc, lire, iK ;nd NW ojefts a t uroad» : Merfey tends 33 E to w, ifula jult ri)W iraft een ^--an- ^orklhire, l8o acres ; 18, and 88 I market- •xi to par- nhabitantJ 127,031 in rs are the and it has ich in paf- there are horfeB and the extcn- and Dela- ^•rally letcl ; ibout Frod- lurea feed a whofe milk f which vaft don, Briftol, &c. Thin for its fait 4iddlewich, |d; and, at pits of folid CHE foreign trad*", a manufatflure of gloves, a conHderable traffic of (hop goodi into N Walei, and two annual fairs, the mod noted in England, cfpecially for the fale of Irifh linen. It is feated near the Dee, over which is a bridge of la arches, 38 m sw Manchcfter, and iSo Nw London. Lon. 3 3 w» lat- 53 i z n. Cliejhr, a town of Pennfylvania, ca- pital of Delaware county. It is the re- Ibrt of much company during the fum- mer months, and feated on the Dela- ware, IS m sw Philadelphia. ChefliTt a town of Maryland, capital of Kent county. Here is Wafliington college, which with St. John college at Annapolis conftitute one univcrfuy, called the Univerfity of Maryland. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 15 m from its mouth in Chcfapeak bay, and 81 sw Philadelphia. Lon. 76 10 w, lat. 39 la N. Chejler^ a town of S Carolina, chUf of Chefter county. It is feated on Broad river, 60 m nw Columbia. Chefter^ a town of New Hampfliire, in Rockingham county, on a lake thit fends its waters into the MerriThac, irt m w Exeter, and 34 w by s Portrm6uth. Chejier, a town of Virginia, in Shan- nandoah • ounty, on the point of land formed by the juniflion of the North and South river, which form the Shannan- do:th, ao m_.s by w Winchefter, and 70 w Wafhington. Chejier^ TVe/f, a town of Pennfylvania, chief of Chefter county. Much bar- iron h made in the vicinity. It is 25 m w by s Philadelphia. C/uJliTt Wejii a town of T^ew York, chief of a county of the fsmc name. It is feattd at the mouth of the Bronx, 15 m NE New York. CheJler le Street, a village m the county of Durham, on the w fide of the river Wear, 6 m n Durham. The church is collegiate, and was formerly the fee of a bi/hop, till removed, with the body of St. Cuthbcrt, to Durham. Roman coins are ftill found here. Chejierjieid, a town in Dirbyfhirc, governed by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It has a church with a re- markable curved fpiro, and a freefchool founded by queen Elifabeth. Here are manufaftures of ftockings, carpets, and brown earthen ware ; alfo iron founde- ries, the ore and coal for the fupply of which are dug in the vicinity. Large quantities of lead are fent hence, by a canal to the Trent, which it joins below Gainfborough. Chefterfield is feated on a hill, between the rivulets Ibber and Ruther) 24 m n Derby and 150 CIH MNw London. Lu 1. 1 a; w, lat. 53 18 N. iVieJlerfield, a town of New Hamp- fliire, in Chelhire '.ounty; on the g bink * of the Conneilici.t, 25 m s Charlefton, and 7S w by s Exeter. Cheviot Hills, a ridge of mountains in England, extending from n to ^ through Northumberland and Cumber- land, and famous fur its frc(; chace, for- merly much ufed by the Engiiih atid Scots gentry. Thele hills are now chiefly wild and open ihccp-walks ; goats alfo are fed among them, and fome Bne cat- tle. Near their borders many an obfti- nate battle has b( en fought between the Englifh and Scots, before the two king- doms were united ; among which may be numbered the encounter, near Otter- burn, between the earls Percy and Dou- glas, celebrated in the ancient ballad of Chevy ('hace. Chiametlattt a town of New Spain, in the audience of Guadalaxara, und the capital' of a maritime province of the fame name, which is fertile, and con- tains many filvcr mines. On the coaft are a clufter of fmall iflands. The town is feated on a river of its name, 150 m NW Guadalaxara. Lon. 10.5 45 w, lat. 22 ao N. thiapa, a province of New Spain, in the audience of Guatemala; boundecl on the N by Tobalco, ti by Jucatan and Vera Paz, s by Guatemala and Sonufco, and w by Guaxaca. It has no mines of fil ver or gold, but abounds in woodt aro- ^•c gums, balfums, cocoa, corUi &c. anu its horfes are in high eftimation. Qiiapot a city of New Spain, capital of the province of Chiapa, and a bi- fhop's fee. It has feveral monafteriea and an elegant cathedral. The chief trade is in cocoa, cotton, and cochineal It is feated on the Grixalva, aoo m e Guaxaca, and 215 nw Guatemala. Lon. 91 45 w, lat. 1641 N. Chiaramonte^ a town of Sicily, in Val di Noto, and county of Modica ; feated on the top of a mountain, 13 m w Medica. Chiarenza, a town of European Tur- key, in Morea, on the river Sillus, near the Mediterranean, 10 m nb Caftel Tornefe, and 2* sw Patras. Chiari, a town of Italy, in Brefaiano, where the Auftrians defeated the French in 1 70 1. It is 15 m NNsCrema. Chiavenna, the capital of a county of its name, lately fubjedt to the Grifons, but now annexed to the kingdom of Italy. It is a trading place, efpecially in wine and fruit, being the principal com- munication between MiUnefe and Ger* ifliM)' '{ t «''>'.V:,lllWiVs1-1 %^V tl it ■; *l C H I many. Thcchiirtlie.s are magnlticfnt } and the inhabitants arc Roman c.ithoiic». Here arc thr rui"» of a once ctli-brattd fortrc(i»i on thtHuminit of a rock, nn.l clofc to thf town is a rock of afbrftos. It is ft-atcil beiwttfn liigli riilj^fH of mountaioR, near a I'mall lakt; of its name, 38 m s Coiru. Lon- i, ay e, Jat. 46 15 N. C/iickacotta, a fortified town of Dor)- tan, on the s frontier, frcqiitntly i;ikt'a and rclinqiiilhcd by th<- Britilh Ini!i.t troops, in the war with the Bontcras in 1772. It is 84 in ( by e Taflaludon. Lon. 8935 E, lat. 26 5 J N. Chichejter, a city and the capital of Suflcx, and a county of itfeif, govfined hy a mayor, with a market on Wediicl- day and Saturday- (t is a bifhop's (ec, and has feven churches bcfulc the ca- thediui. The city is walled round, and had formerly four gates. It exports corn, malt, ice. has fome foreign com- merce, and a manuf^dliire of needles. The haven affords line lobfters. The rumberof inhabitants was 4744 in 1801, and642.i;in iSii. It isfcatedin a plain, on the river Levant, near its entrance into an arm of the Engliih channel, 61 m dW London. Lon. 48 w, lat. 50 50 N. Chiclana, a town of Spain, in Anda- luiia, much frequented by the mer- chants of Cadiz in the fpring months. The hills in its vicinity abound with mineral fprings. Near this place, on the heights of Barrofa; the Englilh and Portuguefe gained a fignal viilory over the French in 18 11. It is 16 m ssb Cadiz. Cliielefa, a town of European Tur- key, in Morea, near the gulf of Co- ron, 14 m w Colocythia. Chtemfee, a Jake of Bavaria, .^5 m in circumference. In the midft of ii are twoiflandsi on one of them is a con- vent of Benedidtine nuns, and on the other an Auguftine mcnaflery. It lies x% m wNvv Salzburg. Chieri, a town of Piedmont, fur- rounded by an ancient wall, in which are fix gates. It has four grand fquares, many churches and religious houfes, and confiderable manufa£lures of cloth and filk. It is 7 m E Turin. Chieti ; fee Civita di ChUti. Chigivell, a village in Eflex, 10 m NE London. It is noted for a free- fchool, founded by archbiihop Harfnett, who had been vicar of this place, and lies buried in the church. Chihuahua, a city of New Spain, in New Bifcay, and the refidence of a cap- tain-general. The inhabitants are efti- cn I mated at 1 1,600. and the principal cliurch is a fuperb cdilice, withdi-coij- tioni immcniely rich. In the vicinity arc conltderabic mines. It it 310 mM by w Dur^ngo. Lon. 10428 w, lat. j8 30 N. ( hili, or Chile, a country of 8 Ame- rica, extending on the coaft of the Pacific ocean, tioai la'. 15 to 42 s, from thcdc- tert ot Alacamn 10 tlic illand of L'hiloe. ItsliP^ch ii 1190 m, but it varies iu bicaillii from 140 to ,')4(j to it& eaflern boiindaiy, wliieh is the great range of mount. tins called the Andes- This CDUntiy w.ih difcovered by Diego d'AI;iiagro in 152.^. The mountainous part of It is poljl'llcd by the Puelcht-s, Arauco^, and other tribes of its ori^'inal inhabitants, who are flill fonnid.ible neighbours to the Spaniards. That part of Chili, therefore, which may be properly deemed a Spanifh province, is a narrow diilri^, exltnding along the coaft, from the a5th to the ^yih decree of latitude, about 840 m. The Indian country to the s of this, fiom th»; river Biobio to the ifland of Chiloe, is inha- bited by three diflin(5t nations, the Auracaneans, the Cunches, <\nA the Huilliches ; but the Spaniards here pof- fefs the town and diftridt of Valdivia. The Spanilh part ia divided into 13 provinces, which, commencing on the fide of Peru, are Copcapo, Coquimbo, Quillota, Aconcagua, Mclipilla, St. Jago, Rancagua, Calchagua, Maule, Itata, Chilian, Puchiicay, and Huilqui* lemu ; but they are imperfedtly de- fignated, and fome of them fix times larger th.in others. Chili, ihough bord.-: ing 011 the torrid zone, never feeli the extremity of heat, being fcreened on the F. by the Andes, and refrelhed from the w by cooling fea breezes. The fer- tility of the foil correlponda with the benignity of the climate, and is wonder- fully accommodated to European pro- dudtions. The mofl valuable of thefe, corn, wine, and oil, abound in Chili, u if they had been native in the country. Here all the fruits imported from £u* rope attain to full maturity ; and the animals not only multiply, hut improve. The horned cattle aie ot laigcr fize than thofe of Spain ; and its horfes excel in beauty and fpirit the famous Auda- lufian race, from which they fprung. Nature, too, has enriched Chili with valuable mines of gold, filver, copper, iron, tin, and lead; alfo with fait fprings, and mineral waters. Yet, in all this extent of country there arc not above 80,000 white inhabitants, and 240,000 blacks ana people of a mixed race- • principal ilh dfcoia- he vicinity IB 310 m v . 18 w, lat. ' of 8 Anit- f tlic Pacific from the «le- il of Chiloe. it varieti in t) itb eaftcrn :at range of iile». This l»y picgo nountitinous »e Piitlcht'8, )f its original I fortnid'iblc *rd8. That /hich may be I province, is ng along the e 37ih»itjrpe The Indian ionrt the river liloKf i» iniia- nations, the iCHi and the ards here pof- t of Valdivia. vidtd into 13 L'ncinp on the ij, Coqiiimboi Mclipilla. St. igua. Maule, , and Huilqui* ^perfedtly de- them fix timet :hili, ihough ine, never feeli ng fcretMied on refreiheil from r/A'8. Thefer- jndo with the and !8 wondtr- European pro- luable of thefe. ind in Chili, an in ihe country, jrted from Eu- urity ; and the y, l)ut improve. ot laigcr fize its horfes excel famous Auda- . they fprung. hed Chili with filver, copper, /uhfaltfprinps, Yet, in all this I are not above 18, and 340,000 a mixed race C If I Thi'i country it not infcflcd by any kind of infcdt except the chi^u.ij or pricker, nor by any poifonouH reptile ; «nd although in the woods and fields feme I'nakeiare to be found, their t)ite ii not dangerous ; nor duet any fivagu or ferocious \)*:,ii\ excite terror in its Einins. The chief rivers arc the* Mautr, iobio, Cauten, Toltt-n, Valdivia, Chaivin, Kiobueno, and Sinfondo, which, with many ithcrs, rift: in the Andes and lluw w into the occau. St. Jago is tlic capital. L'hilka, a lake in the Deccan of Hiii- dooltaii, whici) boundii the five I'ircars on the N. It lies on the coafl of the bay of Bengal, and leems the effed of the breach of the fea over a flat landy furface, whofe trlevation was ibmething above the level of the country within. It communicates with the lea by a very narrow but deep opening, and is (hal- low within. It is 40 m long and 14 broad, with a narrow flip of ground be- tween it and the fea. It contains many iuhabited iflands. On the nw it is bounded by a ridge of mountai.is, a continuation of that which extends from the Mahaniuldy to the Godavcry river, and fhuts up the Circars toward the continent. Chilian, the capital of an inland pro- vince of tt>e fame name, in Chili. The whole diftri^t is a plain, favorable to the raifirg offheep, whole wool is highly efteemed ; grain and fruit are alfo pro- duced in abundance. The city was deftroyed by an earthquake in 1751, and the next year transferred to a more convenient fite. It !a well peopled, and (lands on the river Chilian, 80 m »» Conception. Lon. 71 5 w, lat. Vhilleirott a town of Portugal, in Eifaram«idura, 13 m nw Lifbon. ChillitotAe, the capital of the ftate of Ohio, though at prelcnt a ImaH place. It Itands on the right bank of the Scioto, 130 m NE Frankfort, and 180 sw Pittlburg. Lon. 83 8 vv, lat. 39 14 n. ChilloH, a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Berne, near the lake of Ge- neva. On a rock in the lake is an an- cient callle, which has lately been ufed as a ftate prifon. It is 5 m ese Vcvay. Chilocf an ifland at the s extremity of Chili, 140 m long and 30 broad. It produces all necefl'ary refrefhments and provifions, except wine ; alfb much ambergrile and honey. AlFes die in a (hort time after they a^e brought hither, that there is not a mule to be found. The animals in greateft abundance arc (heep and hogs> in which the inhabitants cm carry on a great trade ; ilomcftic fow!*» ai well art wild, are alio pr(>i!ticed in great numberu. The only port ih Chacao, iiiid th(^ principal town iti Cadro. t'hi/paii/ifif{o, a town of New Spain, in the province of Mexico, fcated in a fer« tile country, 5s "' **^*- Acapnico. i'hiltfrn, a chain of chalky hills in England, pafling from li to w through the middle of Buckinfjhamlhire, and coven «l, in various parts, with woods. This diltiiet b. longs to the crown, and for time inimenioiial ha» had the no- minal ofTicc of Steward of the Chilterii Hundreds, by the acceptance of which a commoner vacates his feat in parlia- ment. ('himay, a town of France, in thr^e- partmeiit of Nord. Near it are mines of iron, with fonndories and forges. It is ((.Mted on the Blanche, ao m enc Cambrjy. C/iimborazo, a mountain of the king- dom of Quito, the loflielt of the Andes and in the known world. It is continu- ally covered with iiiow, and the top terminates in a truncated cone. Many rivers ilFue from this mountain, and the wirm llreams that flow from its n fide -..arrant the idea of a volcano within. In 1 797 it was vifitv'd by Humboldt, who with his party afcendcd the £ fide till they were ftoppcd by a chafm 500 feet wide. Here they planted their inftru- mentson a narrow ledge of porphyritic rock, which projected from a vaft field of unfathomcd liiow. The air was re- duced to half its nfual denfity, and in- tenfely cold ; refpiration was difficult, and blood ooztd from their eyes, lips, and gums. They flood on the higheft fpot ever trod by man, which was aiicer- tained from barometrical obfervationa to be 19,300 feet above the level of the fea. From this extreme ftation, the top of Chimborazo was found, by trigo- nometrical meafurcmcnt, to be 2140 feet higher, which makes its whole height to be 21,440 feet. Chlmeray a town of European Tur- key, in Albania, with a fort, feated on a rock, at the entrance of the gulf of Venice, 44 ms Velona. China, an extenfive country in Afia, between 98 and 123 e lon. and ax and 42 N lat. It is 1330 m from n to s, and 1030 from e to w ; bouni*ed on, the E by the Yellow and the China fea, s by the latter fea and the kingdoms of Tonquin, Lao, and Birmah, w by Ti- bet, and N by Tartary, from wliich it i» feparatcd by a great wall. Ths ftu- pendouB wall exceeds every thing of human art and induitry that is read of < nds, and rivulets, producing crops unknown to us, particularly the pitfi, or water cheftnut, the fruit of which (found in a cover formed by its root) is exceedingly wholefome, and of a very delicate tafle. Among the trees peculiar to China is the tallow-tree, the fruit of which is white, of the fize of a fmall walnut, and the pulp has the properties of tallow; the wax tree, producing a kind of white wax, almoft equal to that made by bees ; the tfi-chu, or varnifn tree, which produces the admirable Chinefe varnilh ; the ti-Iy-mou, or iron wood, the wood of which is fo nard and heavy, that it links in water, and the an- chors of tl:e Chinefe fhips are made of cm 'm the cnmphire-tr«c ( the bamboo icetli* which gruw to the height and file of A large tree, and befuic being ufcd ni natural pipei tn convL-y water, jrf •■mployed for numberlefi other pur- pofckj the tea-plant, N:c. with toiton, Ixtfl.and lobacco. 'I'he flowering (hriib'<, AowrrKi h«'rhs, und medicinal plant*, are too numerous to Ix; rrcitrd. In the mountains and fort-ftrt are wild ani- milii of every liucirs \ hut that valuahle quadiupfJ, the mulkdccr, i* peculiar tu this country. Ofitsbitdn, the moll iK.mtiful in China, nnd perhaps, in the wurlJ, i« ihi* kili-lii, or golden fowl. llie compli'xioii of the C/'hinoff is a iirt (if tawny, and they have large forc- Uiii, fmall eyes, (hot t nofi'S, large ears, jiing hcaidn, and black hair ; and thole arc thouglit to be the mofl handfjme vhoaro the moft bulky. The women ill;t!l a gnat deal of iuodefty, and arc rciiWrkohle for their little ii-v*. The men endeavour to make a pompoM" appearance when they go abroad } and Kt their houfes are mean and low, con* filing only of a ground floor. Their towns arc lb mui;h alike, that tho.";* who know one are acquainted with all. karning, with the arts and fciences in peralfis much cultivated in this coun- try. Their /riling is very particular ; for every letter is a word, and confe- quentiy they have as many letters, or charadters, as worda in their language. Their ritligion is paganifm. They allow polygamy, and k:ep their wives pretty dole. Burials arc not permitted in ciiiea or towns, and their fepulchres are com- monly on barren hills and mountains. They pretend to have a great /eneration for their anccftorsj .and fome " eep images of them in thrir houfes, to which ihey pay a fort < f adoration. They have laws which regulate the civilities and ceremonious falutations they pay to each other, for which reafun they alwiiys appear to be extremely good- natured i and yet they are as deceitful asanypcople in the world. The govern- ment is ablblute, and the emperor has the privilege of naming his fuccelTor , but the chief mandarin has pcrmi.Tion to tell him of his faults. He looks upon his fubje^s as his children, and pro« fcfles to govern them with paternal af- feflion. The Chinefe empire is very ancient; they pretend that it cxidcd many thouland years before Noah'g flood, but it is generally allowed to have commenced 2500 yi.-ars before the biith ofChrift. It now includes Tibet, the jrcateft part of Tartavy, Corea, and lumerous iflands on the a and e coafti cm of China, the principal of which are Lieu-kieu, Formofi, und Hainan. The annual revcnui-s of the crown, accord- ing to Hr George StiunioM, are liiid to be 66,ooo,oool. (lerling ; and the army in the pay of ('hina, including Tartars, amount to 1,030,000 infantry, aiid 600,000 civalry. I'cking is the capital. i'hinca, a fe^port of Peru, feated on a river, in a valley ot its name, 90 m i Lima. I. on. 76 ij w,l:it. \^ ip s. ('f)i»c/ii//a, a town of Spam, in Mur- cia, featrd on an eminence, ^^7 m w Alman/a, and (>7 nnw Murcii. Chinrlii ; lee Quin-nonif- ('hinoti, a town ot France, in the de- partment of Indre and Loire, with «. itrong ciiUe, in which Henry 11 of England expired. Chinon it the birth- place of Kabelais and of Quillet. It is leated on the Vienne, i8 m wsw Tours. Chinrayapatanat i town of Hindoo- ftan, i. Myfoi >, with a fort well built 'if ftone, ^f m N by w Seringapatnm. Chinfuta, a town of Ilindooftan, In Bengal, with a fortrefs ; feated on tht Hoogly, 17 m N Calcutta. Chinj, a town of the Netherlands, in Luxemburg, on the river Semoy, 40 m w by M Luxemburg. Chio ; fee Scio. Chiourlic, a town of European Tur- key, in Romania, the fee o^ a Greek biltinp, re..tcd on a river of the fume name, 47 m wnw Conftantinopte. Chiazzo, a town and ifland of Italy, in the gulf of Venice. Much fait is made here The town is built on piles, and has a harbour, defended by a for% i8 m s Venice. Chlpiona, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, (ituate on a rock near the fca, $ m wsw St. Lucar doBarameda- Chippenham^ a borough in Wiltshire, with a maiket on Saturday, and a ma- nufacture of fine woollen cloth ; feat- ed on the Avon, over which is a bridge, ai m E Briftol,and 93 w London. t'hirequi, a town o* New Spain, in Veragna, on a river of the fame name, 12 m .M of it? month, in the Pacific ocean, and iso w St. Jago. Lon. 83 s8 w, lat. 8 30 N. Chirk, a village of Wales, in Den- bighlhire, on the top of a hill, near Wrexham. It had formerly two cafllcs, one of which Is a cuniplete ruin, and the other, from its walls and tow^rs, fecms to have been a magnificent ftruc- ture. Chi/me, a feaport of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on the ft >tit that parts the continent from the idc of ^cio It was anciently called Cyfuis, was celebrated >*v. V, i. t ..' ! i CHO for thr grot * iAtory which thff Romani flilned lirri* nver (hr fleet of Antiuchutp n lot 0('; aiicl h«> bcrn tiiltiiiguiOicd l>7 ihtf tleftriietion of the Turkilh fleet by the Kudiaiin in 1770. It ia 40 ir w Smyrna. Lun. 26 16 K,lat 3814 N. Cfti/wiii, a vilhifff '" MittOlef**!! on thr rlvrr Th.imeii |j m w by • London. Hrrc ia a celRb'itru villa of the duke of Dcvoulhire ; and in the churchyiitd it a monument to Hug.irth. Cfiit^our, n town of IlindooAan, in Gu/erat, celebrated for itittnanufa^ure of chintzcRt 60 m n n r Amcdabad. C'/iitre, a town of European Turkey, In Macedonia, on the bay of Salonichi. Here th*> mother, wife, and Ton of Alex- andiT wcrn murdered by Caflander. It ia .)6 m s>c lidc-na. Chitltldroojf, ur Chatraiai, a ftrong fort and town of Hindooilan, capital of the NK di(lri(!t of Myfore. 'I'lie plain of Chitteldroog ia 10 m long and 4 broad, furrounded by rocky hilUt on one of which Itanda the fort. The town formerly occupied a great portion of the plain, and ia ftill a confidcrablc place, but now confined entirely within the walls which are near the foot of the rock. Hydcr, who obtained pof- fcnion of thia pl.ice by treachery, ftrengthenedthc walls; and other worka have bt>i-n fince added ua to render it totally impregnable againft any neigh- bouring power. Since the fiual deteat of Tippoo, in 1799* it belonga to the rajati of Myfore ; and the Knglifh keep a garrifon here. It is 48 m nw Sera, and 117 N by w Seringapatum* Lon. 76 26 B, lat. 146 N. Cliittlgong, a province of Alia, lying bt?tweeii the bay wf Bengal ^nd Aracan. It waH conquered from Aracan by Au- runs/cbe, in 1666, and now belongs to theKnglilli £ India Company. lUama- bad is the chief town. Chittoor, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, 28 m n w Arcot, and 70 w Madras. Chi'vast or C/iivazzo, a fortified town of Piedmont, oti the river Po, 1% m KNE Turin, Chiufa, a ftrong town of Italy, in Veronefe, on the river Adige, ia a nar- row pafs, 14 m NNW Verona. Chiuji, a town of Tufcany, in Sicn- nefe, on the river Chiano, 33 m 3£ Sienna. C/imiel/iii, a town of Poland, in Po- doliu, on an ifland formed by the river Bo)ir, 80 m NE Kaminieck. Lon. 27 50 Ci lat. 49 44 N. Chobar't fee Churbar. CAtcxim, a town of European Tur« CHO key, in Moldavia, furround«d by w«l||. It waa taken hv the Kufllansand Auf! trlana in 1711, out reftored at ihv (ui^. fequeat peace. It ia frated on thf Dnielter, iiom nmw JaflTf. Lon. j^ 35 w, lat. 48 46 M. ChufttJ, a town of Prance, in th^ department of Upper Mame, la m ni Langrea. ChoUet, a town of FrAnc«, in thr d?. partmeat of Mayeonr and Loire, witk acaftie, a7m atw Anuera. Cfiolm, a town of Kufiia, in the go. Ternment of Ptkov, on the river Lo»«, 180 m a Petersburg. Lon. ji 14 ifUt. CfioHadt an epifcopal town of Hun. Riry, feated on the Maroaf 15 m 1 Segedin. C'/ro/ti/tf, a town of New Spain, in TIafcala. In th« time of Cortez it wai a large city, famed for ita jewellers and potters, and the multitude of ita tern. plea. Ilcrc ia a great pyramid, the fidci of whofe bafe are 1423 feet each, ani exactly in thediredionof themeridiani and parallcla ; it conflfta of four Aagei, and Ita prrfent perpendicular elevatioa is only 177 feet ; the platform has a fur. face of 4j,io8 i<]uare feet, and in the midft is a church, I'urroundcd with cy. prefs, in which mafa is faid every morn' mg by an Indian prielt, whofe nabituil abode iathefummitof thia extraordinary monument : from a perforation made in the n fide, ita exterior appears to be conftru^ted of alternate ftrata of brick and clay. The length of ita bafe far exceeds that of all the edificea of the kind yet found, and ia almoft the double of the greateft pyramid in Egypt. Cholula contains 16,000 inhabitants, and is feated amid beautiful plantatiuni of agave, 17 m w Puebla de los An* geles. C/iora/an, or Korafan, a province of Perfia, bounded on the n by C'haralin and the country of the Ufbec Tartars, E by Bukharia and Balk, s by Segeftan and Kerm:in, and w by Irak, Mczan- dcran, and the C'afpian lea. It is about 450 m in length and 420 in breadth. Thia extenlive territory is little known tothe Europeans i but it ia reprcfentedto be a level country, interfedled with fandy deferta and irregular ridges of mountains; and the foil, in general, excellent, producing wine, fruit, corn, rice, and filk, in the greateft abundance and of the beft quality. The king of Perlia'a authority extends only over the cities of Melched, Nifapour,: Terlliiz, and Tabas, with their dependencies. The SB parta, including the city of \nAf>i\ hy w«IU, nUni and Auf- red ut ihf (iitt. ('rated on ihf aflff. Lon. \t 'raacei in th^ arnci it m ni mcc, in thf dt- nd Loire, with ra. ifiia, in the ro. Jie river Lout, «n. 31 i4>ilat town of Hun* i«rot| a j m I New Spain, in uf Cortex it wai ita jeweller! iind tuue of it! tcm< ^ramidi thefidei ) feet each, anj of the meridiani ta of four ftagei, dicular elvTatioi atform has a fuN feet, and in the ounded with cy- faid every morn' , vvhofe nabitual hia extraordinary erfuratiun made |ior appeari to be le ftrala of brick h of its bafe far edifices of the Imoft the double mid in Egypt. 000 inhabitants, tiful plantationi ebia de los An- \n, a province of lie N by C^haralm Ufbec Tartars, Ilk, 8 by Scgcftan Iby I rale, Nlczan- iea. It is about J 420 in breadth. |y is little known It is reprefentedto linterfeiJted with egular ridges of |foil, in general, /ine, fruit, corn, hateft abundance The king of ids only over the Ifapour, Terilnz. tir dependencies. ling the city of run jf.r.it. are pofTcllid hy the AfKhan«, jul ihnlV on III** » and w hy thr lMb 46 N. ( Wr. a town of Hindooflin, on the lit of Concan, v ith a harbour for all velT.ls which is fortificJ. It be- gito Portugal, and is 34 m s Bom- y' t'u'ijlburff, a town of W Pruflia, ithac.iflle on a hill, fitu.itc on the irff, r5 m »K M.iticnbnrg. ikrijhhui(/i, a borougli in Il.implhirc, mrned by a mayor, with a market on (fflday, and a confiderable tradf in lit fiik ftockings and watch-llrings. lertare the remains uf a cafllc and a 1107 i and the church is a large and iKrclting ilrudkurc. It it fcated on the iTun, oppoflte the influx of the Stour, m s Salifbury, and 100 sw London. (mjHarta, a town of Delaware, in bcilllc county. It (lands on a na< ible cretk of its name, and ii the jitft carrying place between the na- ble waters of the Delaware and icfjpeak, which arc here only 13 m ader. It ia 4 m sw Newcaftlc hrijiianat St. the principal ifland of Marquefas. See Marqiujas* ^Mjiianburg, a town or Virginia, ' of Montgomery county. It is iteon the w Ode of the Allegany intains, near a branch of the Kan- y, 170 m wsw Richmond. Lon. |0W, lat. 375 K. Mjiianburg, a fort of Guinea, on Oold coall, fubjeA to the Danes. '55 E. lat. 4 10 N. nftianftld, a town of Denmark, fi duchy of SIcfwick, built by a y of Moravians, under the protec- of Chriftian vii. All articles ifaflured here areof excel lent qua- It is 8 m N Haderncben. rijliartia, the" capital of Norway, 11 epifcopal fee, in the government CIIR nf Aitgcrhuysi Atnate at th<> extrrmiif of» fvrtite vjllry, i'lirming .1 I'l'micircuUr brnd along Ihr (1ii>reof ihfb.iy of Iliiir* ning, which formi the n rxtrrmily of thi? gulf of Chriiliani.i. It ii divided into the city, the fubnrim of \Vat<;r« landt, IVterwigcn, and Fierdtn^cn. th« fo'ireftof Aggrrhuys, and th«' old town of Opfloe. The rity wa« rebuilt in its prrffnt ntnatlon by ChrlRi.m tv,a('fir a plan dcfignrd hy inmfVIt f he lioiili-a ure built ol' Aonr ; and thir (\rccts are cirried at right angles to e.ich other, and uniformly 40 feet broad |r covers M conndrrnblf extent ot ground, bi.t hat not more than 10,000 inh.ibilants. The cadle of Aggrrhtiys it built on a rocky eminence on the w iide of thi* bay, .tt a fmull diftance from the city Opllot^ was the fite of tin* old city, burnt in i6aA : it contains the epifcopal palace, ('hriftiania hat an excellent harbour, and itt princip;d exports are de.ilt, tar, foap, iron, copper, and alum It is v'^ ni from the open fca, and ai)o n liy w Copenhagen. Lon. 1045 k, lat. 59 <<>«. i!hrijfiana(>Ut a ftrong feaport of Sweden, in filckingrn. icatcd on the lialtic, ij m NK C'arlfcrona. Lon. 15 47 R, Int. *,b 30 K. i^lirijllanf'tndt a ftaport of Norway, in the government of Bergen, and ca- pital of a provinc<* of the fame name, which is famous for iron mine?. The harbour is fp.U'iouM, and many (hips are built here. It is feated at the mouth of the TorrifdaU, oppofite the ifle of FIcckeren, loj m UK Stavanger, and 150 ssw Ckrilliania. Lon. 8 17 b, lat. ChrijUanfladt a fortified town of Swe- den, in Schonen, built by Chriftian iv of Denmark, when the country was in tbepowerofth.it crown. The chief trade is in alum, pitch, and tnr ; and it has manufaAures of gloves, cloth, and Tilken (lufTa. The town is feated in a marlhy plain, on the river Helgea, which is navigable only for ftnall craft, 44 m NE Lund. Lon. 14 lo £, lat. 56 Chripanfuni, a town of Norway, in the ifland of FofTcn, with a commodious harbour and wharf. The chief trade ia in timber. It is 36 m nw Drontheim. Chrijline/iamt a town of Sweden, in Wermeland, at the ne end of the lake Wenner, ao m ese Carlltad. Chriftinejiad, a feaport of Sweden, in £ Bothnia, at the mouth of a river, on the gulf of Bothnia, 155 m n i)y W Abo. Lon. at a8 e, lat. 62 40 n* Cfirifimas JjJand, an ifland in the Pa- 'm. Sfkv'j'. f**! If r. If; I'' I S,,y^,);lli,!'' V ' ft m m:m-^: I li n^ ■■- ,' r .: '^k hi H , a ; / f nil CHIJ Unilrd lirrr on Chriftni.i»-it- cd, and lirOitutr of frrfli wjirr \ but ha* 4biMutiincc of flnr turtle. Lon. 137 JO w. Int. I f Q N. Vhrijimai Stun^l, n h.iy on the i coAll of Terra drl Fiirvo, To namrd byCuoli, M'hnherrpAn'r of Sitxru and thr nu>(i rancily of the domitiiim of Ku III a It rxtrndi from 1 ^^ to k Ion. anil from 4.1 to 7 ^ n lat ('humlti](ht a town In Divorii!. with a market on Thurfday, icatrd the river Taw, 11 m Nw Kacicr, . 194 w by a Londnn. C/tunur, a fortrcfi of IllndnoO.tn, Allahabad, built on a rock, fortifici 1 round by a wall and lower*. |t \ iinl'ucccfsfully attempted by tlic Fri; ill i7^>4| but in 177a it w.it ccJh th«m by thr nabtdi of Oude. |( (rated on the tiitht bank of the (}an,(c ij m » Henarei, and 140 w hy Paina. Lon. Mi to K, lat. aj 10 v. Chunaub, a river of Ada, the clii the itve rnltern branchci of the Indu It rife* in thr Tibcti.ii) mountaiim, m througli CaOimrrc uiid Lahore, mid joi the Indui io m below Moultan. Ti river is the Acrline* of Alrxamlrr. VhuH-te, a city of China, in I'.-tchi li, with nine cities of the third n under its jurifdt^lion. It it :co NNW Peking. Lon. 114 ao a, Ut. 5 »*• Chup.'dh, a town of IIind(p(l;in, Bahar, on the left bank of the Gangi aK m WNW Patna- Vhuprah, a town of Hindoolljn, Candcilh, on the river Goul, io m Burhampour. Cliuquifnca \ fee Plata* C/iuri fee i'oire. C/iuriar, or (Jhobar, a fr-aport Pcrlia, in Mekran, with a mud ff It Hands on the v. flde of a bay ot name, Uo m siw Kidge. Lon. 60 : lat. a5 10 K. Church Stretton, a town in Sliropllii with a market on Thurfday, 14 Shrewfbury, and 158 wnw London, Chum, a river that rifcs in Cloui terftiire, near the village of Cobbtrl 4 m $ Cheltenham, from a whence ifTues fcven fprings, in Ihf c pafa of thirty feet, called iieven W and Thames Head. It Viom s Cirenceftcr into Wiltlhirc, and meets the Ifis from the w, a m.i1 Cricklade, where their united An forms the river Thames. Chu/an, an ifland on the z coa China, with a town called Tinf-hai. a much frequented harbour. Lon o E, lat. 30 o N. Chujljian ; fee KuJiJIan. Ciampa, or Tjlampa, a coiintr Afiai bouod«4 en the » by C Z It) w CV«, ty> a towi^ inc<* "f Siti(ri.ti i( the iluminionl from nftto I ij ^ ^ N Ui in Dcvonllurf irftUy. teainlc xw Luicr, 4: )r Uin(lnoft4n,| rock, fortifioUJ tiiwcr*. Ii vi i«-a l»y t»>c F.ii; it WiU CCilfl 'I of Omlc. li nk of the ll»n'>lij ,)f the third id on. It i» :« I. 114 10 «i Ul. I of HinJo"'^'".! lank of the CanJ rt of llinJ""'^*"' iver Goul» 60 m| Plata. ubar, a f«PO'«J wiih a muJ t1 I'jdr of A bay "f| jge. Lon- 60 towninShropftiJ . Thurfday. 14 eB wNW London. J hat rifc» in ClouJ iUage of Cobberl iham, ffO"".*i fpring9.»"%1 callea iJevenNN^ ad. It flo«*;] Wilti>i»f«» and 11 )mthew,»J«« their united ftr^ lamcs. •nd on the t CO ' ,n called Tinfb» :d harbour. Lon. KuJiflaH. on tbc « by C coiintri CM N china. «R by the China fci, w and nvf by CiimlKKli.1 ( from whicli \»h it la fcparated by mount4in«, inh.ibiti>d liy a ft«iiye pcu|»lf. The furf^cc i« ntorr rtcvAtnl that (ambottitf, but not fu fcr- Ilk t havInK trni\t of fjnit interreiflrtl with rockit The priMliKMiona are c<)t< ton. ind)K<>i '"d iilk | and thr inhabit* anti .iirmui'h rmptoyrd In ftOilnv. It li %uh\ci\ to Cochinchiua. Fcneri U the capital. ('itacott, a town of llindoonan, ca« pital of onr of ihi< Engiilh circ.ui. It 11 fio'm NK H.ijamun«lry, aud \oH f.MR Hydrulud. Lon. 84 8 K, bt. i* 16 N. Cielut, a frnniier town of Dalmatia, on a rockv hill on the w bmk of the Narenta. It wai Cikeii from thr Turki, by the Vcn<'lian«, In 1694, and U ft m iw Narrnta. Lon- iH at R, lat. 43 S4M. Ci7//y, n town of G«Tm.iny, in Sii- riai capi(.il of a circle of th«' (iime name. It hai a conliderahle tradi* in mi'rchan- (life going to and from Vienna and Trielt ; and in feated on the Sun, where it recrivei' the Koding and becomes navigable. jB m ■ by w Oratz. Lun. 15 19 R, Itlt. 44 21 N. Cimbnjham% a town of Sweden, In 8chonen,rcated on the Baltic, 36 m csr Lund. Qnaloa, a province of New Spain, in the audience of Guadalax.ira ; bound- ed on the N by Sonora. v. by New Hif- cay. 1 by Culiacan, and w by the gnlf of California, t producei abundance of maize, legumes, fruits, and cotton, and abounda in rich mines. Cinalou, a town of New Spalui capi- tal of the province of its name. The inhabitants are ellimated at 9J00. It ftands on the river (inaloa, 35 m from iti mouth in the gulf of California, and 100 Nw Culiacan. Lon. ic6 38 w, lat. tintinnati, a town of the (late of Ohio, capital of Hamilton county. It ftands on the river Ohio; and a m 'bove, oppoftte the influx of Licking river, is Fort Wofhington. Cincinnati has two edifices for public worfhip, and i» the emporium of^the trade of the ftatp. In the vicinity many relics of great antiquity have been found. It is !jm NNK Frankfort, and i^)o w by s Marietta. Lon. 84 1 1 w, lat. 38 42 ^f. Cinefi, a town of Sicily, in Val di Maz^tra, in the neighbourhood of which excellent manna is collefted. It is ao n w Pa'ermo. Cinejf, a town of tbc^ctherlands, in CIR th<* ttrritorv of Llcgr, 17 m st N«muf» and .)7 iw Llrge. <.V«fM# Mtin, a ihwn of France, In the drpartment of Indrc *n4 Loire» 10 m WW Tours. C/MMT /'or/i, c? iU i. m CIR nations, between the Black fo.i and the Cafpian ; bounded by the government of Caucafia on the n, and by Georgia and Mingrelia on the s, being fcparateil from RijflTu by the river Ctiban. It contains the dillriv^ ofGroat Kabaidab, Little Kabardah, Bcllen/rcmirgoi, Aba- (bch, Dftduch, H;itukai, and Bfliani. This nation, from their extraordinary courage and military gcnins, might be formidable where they united nnder one chief, but as they fubfift by raTing cat- tle, aiid arc therefore forced to rcfide on the banks of rivers, for the fake of w-ter and pafturage, they become divided into lepavate and hoftile ^.nbcs. From this diiunioii the Circafiians of the Cu- ban poflcfs fo little power a.; to be fcarcely known even to Ruflfians, but by the general appellation of Cuban Tar- tars, in which tiicy are confounded with the Abkhaa and Nogays, their neigh- boors. The Ilrtbardian CircaflTians, ceil- ed Tfcherkedi by the Uuflians, are the moft powe-ful people of the n fide of Caucafus ; and this fnperiority has introduced among their neighboura fuch a general imitation of their manners., that from the defcription of thefean idci maybe formed of all the reft. They are divided into three clafFes ; the princes, the ufdens or nobles, and the vaflals or ?)eafants. A certain number of pea- ants is allcittcd to each princely family. In each of thefe, the eldeft individual is confidered as chief of the family, and as judge, prote(Jlor, and father of all the vaflals attached to ic. No prince can be a landholder; he has no other property than his arms, horfes, flaves, and the tribute he can extort from the neighbouring nations. The perfon of every prince is facred ; but this is the only diftindtion of birth when unaccom- panied by perfonal merit ; the greateft honour a prince can acquire is that of being the firft of the nation to charge the enemy. The princes are not to be diftii»guiftied in time of peace from the noble?, or even from the peafants ; their food and drefs are the fame, and their houff"? little better. The nobles are chofen by the princes from the inferior clafs ; they are the officers of the prince, and the executors of the laws, and are employed in the general aflemblies of the nation to gain the aflent of the peo- ple to the meafures prnpofcd by the princes. The vaflals, as well as the ufderts, arc proprietors of lands. The Circaflians do not appear to have ever had any written laws, iji.t are governed by a kind of common law, or coUeAion CIR of ancient ufages. Thry have few fttt« nufatflures; and their agriculture pro*, duces barely Aiflicient for their own fublif^ence. Sheep and horfei are the principal articles of their comnerce, particularly the latter, which fell at a high price ; but the balance of trade would be confiderably againit them, were it not for the llaves which they make in their predatory rxcurfioni. At the birth of a prince, fome ufden, or fomc'times the prince of another family is chofen as his preceptor, to whofecare he is committed on the third day, and the father never fees his fon again till his marriage. ,The fon of an ufden remains under the parental roof till four years old, and is then configned to a preceptor, who need not be of the fame rank, by whom he is taught to ride, to ufe arms, and to fteal ; and does not return to his father's houfe, until his cunning, add pefs, and ftrcngth, are fuppofed tobeperfeft. The preceptor is recompenfed by ninc- tentli i of the booty made by his pupil while under this tuition. This mode of education is perfevered in, with a view to prevent the bad effects of paternal in- dulgence, and is fuppofed to be peculiar to the Circaflians ; but the objeft of education is the fame among all the mountaineers of Caucafus, whouniver* fally fubfift by robbery. Girls are brought up by the mother; they learn to embroider, to make their own drefp, and that of their future hufbands. The daughters of flaves receive the fame education ; thefe are principally Geor- gians, and are fold according to their beauty, from ao to lool. Their raufical inftruments are a long flute with only three flops, a fpecies of mandoline, and a tambour in. Their dances have Ijttlc gayety orexpreffion ; the fteps diflRcult, bijit not graceful. The habitation of a Circaflian is compnfed of tv-o huts; one allotted to the huiband, . .d to the reception of ftrangers ; the other to the wife and family : the court which fe- paratea them is furroundcd by palifadei. Their food is fimpIe,confi{tingof a little meat, fome pafte made of gom or millet, and a kind of beer, compofed of the fame grain fermented. Whatever may have been the original religion of this people, they have been fuccefiively con- verted to Chriftianity and Mahomed- anifm, and have now no religion or worftiip among thcin. They break, without fcruple, fuch oaths as they have taken on the bible and the koran ; but there are certain forms of oaths,and certain places in the neighbourhood of their i thrift}, fidelity letters ( icuUute pro- )T their own orfet are the Ir commerce, hich fell at a ance of trade againtt them, •■ which thpy •xcnrfioni. At ,me ufden, or another family , towhofecare third day, and on again till hi» 1 iifden remains till four years I to a preceptor, ; fame rank, by 3e, to ufe arms, )ot return to his ;unnjni!,addjef8, fedtobeperfed. ipenfed by nine- ade by \m pupil I. This mode of 1 in, with a view !ls of paternal in- fed to be peculiar lUt the objeft of ; among all the »fus, whounivcr- -ery. Girls are ither -, they learn ; their own drcff, •e huftands. The receive the fame principally Gcor- .ccording to their ,ol. Their mufical ig flute with only of mandoline, and ■ dances have little , the fteps difficult, ie habitation of a ed of tv-o huts; (band, . d to the ; the other to the e court which fe« iinded by palirades. confiitingofahttie e of gom or millet, _, compofed of the 1. Whatever may nal religion of this enfuccefiivelyccn- ity and Mahomed- ow no religion or m. They break, uch oaths as they ibleand thekoran; .forms of oaths.and e neighbourhood ot CIT their ruins (fuppofed to be remains of t'hriftian churches) which infure thcir fidelity. The CircafTians have not any letters of their own ; tliofe amonp; them who write their language make ufe of Arabian charafters. CJrella, a town of Naple«, in Calabria Citra, near the fea, la m se Scai.i Cirencf/Ier, a borough in Gloucefter- lire, with a market on Monday and Friday. The ruins of the walls are yet vifibic * it had alfo a cattle and an &bbey, and here the Roman roads croflT- ed each other. It is one of the greateft marts in England for wool ; and has a manufadture of curriers knives, highly valued. It is featcd on the Churm, i8 m SE Gloucefter, and 89 w London. Lon. I 38 w, Int. 51 43 N. Cirie, a town or Pitrdmont, fcated on the Doria, near the foot of the Alps, 8 m NNw Turin. Cirknitz', fee Cziniitz. Cifmar, a town of Lower Saxony, in Holttein, feated near the Baltic, 17 m n Travemunde. ' GVrazo, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citra, near the coaft of the Mediter- ranean fea, 3c m nw Cofenza. Citta di (Jsjiello, a city of Italy, in the duchy ot Urbino, with a caftle ; feated on the Tiber, ^^ m sw Urbino. Lon. 12 1 8 E, lat. 43 28 n. Qua Nuovot a town of Italy, in the marquifate of Ancona, on the gulf of Venice, 1 m s Loretto. Citta Nuovot a feaport of Illria, and a bifhop's fee, feated on an ifthmus, at the mouth of the Queto, which forms a good harbour, 26 m ssw Capo d'lilria. L^n. 13 47 B, lat. 45 32 s. Citta Fecc/iiat a fortified city of Malta, formerly the capital of the ifland, and ftill the feat of the bifhopric. The moft remarkable edifices are the palace of the grand matter, and the cathedral. Here are extenfive catacombs, about 1 5 feet below the furface of the rock in which they are cut ; they contain Itreets formed with fuch regularity, that the title of Subterraneous City has been given to this place. Near the city is the Grotto of St. Paul, divided into three parts by iron grates ; in the fur- thefl part is an altar, and (tatue of the faint, in white marble. This old city was confiderably larger than at pfefent ; for thi? new city, Valetta, being more conveniently feaied, has drawn away the greater number of its inhabitants. It (lands on a hill, in the interior of the ifland, 6 m w by s Valetta. Cittadelhi a feaport and the capital of Minorca, furroynded by walU aud C IV b.iftions. It contains about 3000 inha- bitants, and is the principal rcfidence of the old nobility of the ifland. The trade is inconfiderable, but it has a good harbour at the w end of the in.and. Lon. 3 34 e, lat- 39 58 n. Cittade/Iu, a town of Italy, in Pnduan, on the river Brenta, 20 m nw Padua. Citj Point ; lee Bermuda Hundred. Ciudad Realt a town of Spain, in New Caftile, capif ' of Mancha. Here are three chur( $ and (even convents. Tlie inhabit mts are noted for drefling Irather for gloves. It is 2 m from the Guadiann, and 98 s Madrid. Lon. 3 57 w, lat. 39 > N- Ciudad Itodiiffo, a city of Spain, in Leon, and a bilhop's fee, with a ftrong fort. In 1812, the Britifli took it by ilorm, from the French. It Hands in an extenfive plain, on the Aguada, 50 m sw Salamane^. Lon. 6 25 w, lat- 40 53 n. Civita Cajiellana, a town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, with a cita- del. It ftands on a high rock, at the foot of which ij a river that Hows into the Tiber, 25 m n Rome. Civita di Chieti^ a city of Naples, capital of Abruzzo Citra, and an arch- biihop's fee. It contains four churches and nine convents, and ftands on a mountain, near the river Pefcara, a8 m E Aquila, and 96 n Naples. Lon. 142a E, lat. 42 24 N. Civita Ducale, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on the river Vclino, 10 m w Aquila. Civita di Friuli, a town of Italy, in Friuli, feated on the Natifona, 10 lu r Udina. Civita Mandonia, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citra, near which are the ruins of the famous city of Sibaris. It is feated on the gulf of Tarento, at the influx of the Crati, 31m n by £ Cofenza. Civita diPcnna, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, near the river Sa- lino, 25 m NE Aquila. Civita delta Pieve^ a town of Italy, in Perugino, 23 m W3W Perugia. Civita Vecc/iia, a ftrong li>aport of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, with nn arfenal. The chief exports arc puz'<.olana, and a fuperior kind of alum^ prepared at Tolfa. Here the pope's gallies ufed to be ftationed. It was taken by the French in 1798, and re- taken by the Auftrians and Ruflians in 1799. It >8 35 m Nw Rome. Lon. 11 46 K, lat. 42 5 N. Civite/lot a town of Naples, is Otran- to, 5 m M Taranto. Civrcff; See Sivraj, M t ' I Hi/'"'' .■ ; i, ' ' ■ i r 41 ■m; '.4 •■-/►■■«■ ^ I, M CL A Clacimanan, a borough of Scotland, and the county-town of ClacUrnauan- (hire, with a harbour formed by the Devon, at Us conflux with the Forth. On the top of a hill is a fquare tower, which derives its name from the iiluf- Irions Robert Bruce, whole great fword and caJque arc here prcfcrved. The number of inhabitants was 2961 in i8ci> and 3605 in ittii- It is 29 m wNW Edinburg. l.on. 3 38 w, hit. 56 5 n. Clackmananjhlrej a county of Scot- land, only 10 m long and % broad ; bounded on the sw by the Forth, whicii divides it from Stirlin^ifhire, and on all other (ides by Perthfliirc. It produces good corn and paftiiie, and plenty of coal and I'alt. The number of inhabitants was 10,858 in 1801, and ia,oio in 181 1- This Ihire, with Kin- rols, fends one member to parliament. Clackmanan is tlic county town, but Alloa is the largcd. Clagenfurti a town of Germany, ca- pital of C'arinthia. It has a llrong wall, fix churches, three convents, and ma-« jiufaliged to iiitfurven..:r- sgm sbWiI- ce, in the de- Loire, with a '.fcatcdonthr 1. ,, in Fauagny, SE Geneva. 1-6, which hai a fertile vale the* the rifes on crofTcs w Ruthin, into vshySt-Afaph enters the IrilB coc m ENt St. George del Mina. Lon.o i K, lat. 5 ON. Coavo, a river of Africa, vhich rifes in the unknown intfrlnr rct^ions, fepa- ratei Zanguebar from Caffreria. and en* tera the Indian ocean In lat. 8 35 s. Cohan 5 lirr yitra Pax. (Jobbe, the C'ipital of the kingdom of Darfoor, containing about 6000 inhubit- .ints. It Is 350 m wsw Scnnar. Lon. :8 8 B.iat. 14 11 n. Cohliam, a viihgc in Surry, on the rl- ▼er Mole, 7 m sw Kingfton. It ha« fevcrai handfome villas, two mpdlcinal fprings, and a manufaAure of iron and eopper. Hobi, a defart part of Tartary, called Chamo by the Chinefe ; bounded on the N by the country of the Kaika^, k by the Moguls and Chinffe T.ntary, s by China, and w by Cahnuc TartJiry- Cobijat a town of Peru, in the audi- ence of Charcas, with a good harbour for vefll'ls carrying the metal from the the neighbouring mines. It is 250 m s .Arica. Lon. 34 44 w, lat. 22 20 s. Coblentz, a city of France, capital of the department of Rhine and Molelle, lately of Germany, in the electorate of Treves, it was the refidence of the eledlor, who built a new palace here ; the old one being on the oppoUte fide of ihe Rhine, in the vale of Ehrenbreit- ftcin. Here are a great number of fine churches and convents, and a college. Coblentz was taken by the French in 1794. It is feated at the conflux of the MofcUe with the Rhine, 50 .n ne I'reves. Lon 7 38 E, lat. 50 22 N Coburg, a town of Upper Saxony, capital of a principality uf the fame name, with a college, a fort, and a caf- tle. Here are manufaftures of porce- lain, and alio of petrified wood, with which the country abounds. It is feat- cdon the Itch, 22 m n by e Bamberg. Lon. II 12B, lat. 50 17 N. Coca, a town of Spain, in Old Cailile, with a ilrong callle for ftate prifoners ; l(ated among mountains, or^ the river Ercfma, a8 m Nw Segovia. Cochabamba, or Oropefa, a town of Peru, capital of the province of Cocha- bamba, in the audience of Charcas . The chief trade is in corn and fruit, o whici' great quantities are produced in f • «»hii!h rife« H'**^ ^^Wey of Cochabamba. It is 1 20 m thfk^g^lo'"^ of W^^ Plata. Lon. 67 25 w, lat. 18 «o s. A X^oxi the H ^ocheim, a town of France, in the de- , and enu martnient of Rhine and Mofellr, lately u- «r-,ncioal fet- mf Gei'many, in the eleftorate of Treves ; I the coaft of l^Kdoa the Mofelle, 25 msw Coblentz. 1 ""j 1 It u loP ^ochtHt a province on the w coaft of I cuadci. a,^ peninfula of Hindooftan, lying be- ■Gotland, which nerklhire, pafTe* Glafgow, Ren- ortGlafgowto ters-an arm of of Clyde. This miles between lutfe forms feve- cow it become! ^ow that city It canal from the Scotland, on the Lon. 3 3 W''*^' COC tween thofeof Malabar and Travancnre, 80 m lt)ng and 70 broad. It is govern* ed by a rdjah, who is tributary to the Knelilli. C'or/iin, a fortified fcaport of Ilindoo- ftan, in the province of the fime name. It was a Dutch fettlement, but takca by the Enc;li(h in 1795. It is iia m s by P. Calicut. Lon. 76 5 li, lat. 9 56 n. Cochinchina, a kingdom of Afia, jjoo m long and 120 broad, lK>unded on the E by the China fea, m by Tonqnin (from which it is feparated by moun- tains and a flrong wall) w by Cambodia, and s by Ciampa. The climate is healthy, thcfummer heat being temper- ed by regular breezes from the fea. Septembei, Odlobcr, and November it the rainy ieufon. when the low lands are fuddenly overflowed by torrents of water from the mountains : the inun- dations happen generally once a fort- night, and continue three or four days. In the following three months there are frequent rains, brought by cold north- erly winds, which diRinguilh this coun- try with a winter different from .iny other in the eaft- The inundations render the land fruitful, many parts producing three crops of grain in the year. Gold is alraoft taken pure from the mines, and there are rich filver mines. The country is interfeded by rjvers, which are well calculated for promoting inland commerce, yet not Urge enough to admit veflels of great burden ; but there are commodious har- bours on the coaft, particularly that of Turon. The aborigines of Cochin- china are called Moys, and they inhabit the chain of mountains which feparate it from Cambodia. To thefe ftrong holds they were driven, about the be- ginning of the 15th cejitury, by the prefent pofleiTors of the country. They are a favage people, very black, and in features refemble the CafTree'. 'J 'he pre- fent inhabitants bear evident marks of being derived from the fime ftock as the Chinefe y their religion is alfo the fame, and moft of their manners and cuftomti. They are a courteous, affa- ble, inofFenliTe race, rather inclined to indolence. The women are by far the molt .i(^Ive fex, and merchan>s often employ them as their fadors and bro- kers. The cUics and towns have gates at the end ot each ftreet, which are (hut every night. Thehoijfes are moft- ly of bamboo, covered with rufhes or the ftraw of rice, and Hand in groves of oranges, limes, plantains, and cocoa trees. Here is plenty of fugar, pepper, rice; yams, fweet potatoes, pumpkins, .< L ■7 '-.W r t ;'i' ( ti r-t • 1^ coo and me1on«; alfo ivory, mu(k, honpy, and fillc : und the tdi'ole bird-nefts if- tecmed a luxury in China, are chiefly found here ; they are as white a« (iiow, formed by a fprcie of Iwaliows from fume unknown vilcuuB rubAance. and great number* arc exported. Tht king of this country conlummatt'd a great revolution about tlie brpinninp of the preffnt century; and alio acquired the adjoining kingdom^ of Tonquin, Cam- bodia, Lao, and Ciampn ; that his do- minions, united, now form one gr.at empiur. Thi; {^ovrrnrrent is a delpot- ilrn, upon the model uf that of China. The capital ia Hue Cocker, a river t!'.-*t rifcd in the a of Cumberland, flows ihrougli the lakes of Buttermere.Cinmack-water.andl owcH- water, and joins ihc Derwent, below Cockcrmouih. CockernifiHth, a bornugh in Cumber- land, with a market on Monday. It ^atids on the Cocker, at its connnx with the Derwent, and between two hills, on one of which is a haiidiome church, and on the oth» ' the remains of a ilately cattle. It has manufadures of ihallnons, coarfe linen and woohen cloths, leather, and hats. It is 36 m sw Carlifle, and 305 nnw London. Lon. 3 15 w,lat 543a N. Cockermouth, a town of New Hamp- fhirc, in Grafton county, la in ne Han- over, and 80 NW Portlmouth Coconatoy a town of Piedmont, the birthplace of Columbus, ao m e Turin. Codt Cape, a cape .ind peninfula of the ftate of Maflachufels. The penin- fula extends in a femicircle, e and v, 70 m in length and from 3 to 9 in breadth. The cape is thf extremity, and forms the se point of MaflTachulets bay. Lon. 70 14 w, lat. 42 4 n. Codogno, a town of Italy, in Lodefan, rear the conflux of the Adda with the Po, J 3 m ssE Lodi. Codomudi, a town of Hindooftan, in Coimbetore, featcd near the Cavery, a little above the influx of the Noyelar, ej m ssE Bhawanikudal. Cv/, a town of Hindooftan, in the country of Delhi, 33 m n Agra, and 6k 5E Delhi. Coesfeld, a town of Wffcphalia, .in the principality of Munftcr, nerj- the fourcc of the Burkel, 18 m w M'lnfter. Coevorden, a fori.ified town of Hol- land, in Overyflel, and one of the ftrong- cft places in the whole couiu y. It ftands in a morafs, on the river A a, 33 m s by E Groningen. Lon 6 44 e, lat. 524**". C»ggejhal, a town in EiTexi with a CO I mnrketon Saturday, and a manufadlure of bayn ; feated on the Blackwatcr, 7 m w Cokhelter, and 44 kne London. Cognac, a town of France, in the de- partment of Charente, with a caftie, where Francis 1 was born. It is cele- brated for excellent brandy, and feated on the Charente, 17 m w Angoulefme. Cogne, a (own oi-' Piedmont, in u val- ley and on a river of the ame name. The mountain.! vhich I'utroiind it are rich in mincx of iron and copper. It is 6 m s Aoda. Cognit or Konidi, a city of AfiaMc Turkey, capital of Caramania, and tlic fee of a Greek archbifhop 'i ho walls have io8 fqiiarc towers, nt 40 puces d ftant from each other ; and it has two large fuburbs, itito one of w liich the ca- ravans and ftrai^gcrs retire li is a place of great trade, and feated in a country abounding in corn, truit, pulfc, and cattle, 150 m sk Kiutaja. Lon. 3* j* E, lat.;t7 5aN "^ Cohaliiiila, a province of New Spain, in the audience of Mexico ; bounded on the N by a country unknown, E by Texas and New Leon, and s and w by New 1 ifcay. It is little known. Men. clova is the "apital. Coinihetore, '. province of the penin- fula of Ilindooltnn, lying s of \iyfore, to which it w, 8 lately fulij''cl, but crded to the E'.gl'lli on the final defeat of Tip. poo in 1799- It is 1 10 m long and 70 broad, and divided by the river Noytlar into two di(lri«its, Aorth and South, of which Bhawanikudal und Daraporam are the chief towns. Coimbetore, a town of Hindooftin, the ancient capital of tlie province of the fame name. It was taken by the Englilh in 1790, and retaken in 1791 by Tippoo, who foon after deftroyed the fort. It contains 1006 houfes, an exte'i- five mud palace, and a tolerable mofqiie, built by Tippoo, who fmretimes rciiJcd here ; but it has no large temple. The palace now ferves as a barrack for a re- giment of Britilh cavalry. The chief manufadures are mullms and cotton cloths ; and thefe, with cotton wool and thread, tobacco, fugar, and betel-leaf, are the principal articles of trade. It is 100 m s by I. Scringapatam. Lon. 776 B, lat. HON. Coimbra, a city of Portugal, capital of Beira, and a bifiiop's fee, with a ce- lebrated univerfity. The cathedral is magnificent, befide which there are nine churches, and eight con.ents. It flanils on a mountain, by the river Mondego, 100 m NE Liibon. Lon. 8 20 w, Iat< 40 35 N, Cjtre, capital of hi 'hop'* anufaflure water, 7 in indon. , in il>e do- h a caftie, It Is c«'le- , and foaicd igoulefmc lit, in a val- namc. Tiic I art! rich in It is 6 m s \f of AfllMC tnia, and tlic '1 ho walls at 4u paces 11(1 it h.»a two jvliith the ca- ll is a place in 11 country t, pulfei and Lon. 3» 3^ ►fNew Spain, CO i bounded rtknown, e by ,d 8 and w by mown- Mon» of the penin- e s of N I yfore, |.-c^, butctded detVat of Tip. long and 70 river Noytlar uid South* of v\ Daiapr.ram :if Hindooftm, lie province of IS talccn by the lUciiin 1791 by dtftroyed the lulcrt, an t'Xtc'i- erable mofciiie, retimes reiiJtd ;? temple' I he larracU for a re- y. The chitt r-.s and cotton otton wool and and betel-k'af. i of trade. It is tarn. Lon. 776 >ortugal, capital 5 fee, with a ce- rhe cathedral is ch there are nine ,,ents. Itftamts river Mondego, an. 8 ao w, lat- COL Cjifw, or Chur, a town of SwifTerland, capital of tlu; canton of Orifons, and a bi'hop'n 'ce. It is fnrroundcd by an- cient brick waiit, with fqn re and round towcri, and civided into two ftartit, the load of wl:!ch is of the catlio* ic religion, ind the greatcft of the pro- tellant. The French furprifed and de- feated the Audrian army at this place in 1799. It is feated between two mountains, on the rivtr PklTur, near the Rhine, 15 m bse Olaris. Lon. 932 B, Ut. 46 48 N. Cokenhaufertt a ftrong town of RuflTia, in the government of Livonia, on the river Dwina, jo n» sk Riga. Ct-king, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Yu-nan. It is .160 m ssw ."eking. Lon. 100 a e, lat. Coli one of the Hebrides of Scotland, lying to the w N w of that of Mull. It is ;4 m long and above 1 broad. The furfacc is rocky, and the ^reateft part covered with heath ; but it produces fome corn and padure, and has fcveral fmall lakes rcph^nilhcd with filh. Goats, fheep, horfes, and beeves arc fed here. Tiie callle of Col is a ftrong Iquare- biiilt ftrudturc, and iUU iu tolerable re- pair. Color t a town of Hindooftan, 1.. My- fore, with a large mud fort, and the re- mains of a hill-fort. It is the birthplace of Ilydcr Aly, who erected htn; a hand- fomc maufoleum for his father ; and near it is a mofque, and a college of Mooft-lmin prieits. The chief manu- fadlures are cotton cloths and muflins. It is 40 m ENE Bangalore, and 140 w Madras. Lon. j'S 9 k, lat. 13 9 n. Co/benef a town of Tripoli, on the sw part of the gulf of Sidra, 90 m sse Mef- furata. Colberg, a fortified feaport of Further Pcmerania, wit!i a collegiate church, good linen manufadlures, and confuier- ahle falt-works. The Ruffians laid fiege to this town in 1758 and 1760, without fuccefs ; but it furrendered to them after i long fiege in 1761 , and was reftored at the fubfequent peace. It is feated at the mouth of the Perfant on the Baltic, 60 m NE Stettin. Lon. 15 36 e, lat. 54 9 N. Colcbejiert a borough in Efiex, go- verned By a mayor, with a market on Wednefday and Saturday. It is feated on an eminence by the Coin, which is navigable to a place c?lled Hithe, where the cuftomhoufe is fituate. The town was furrounded by a wall, now demo- I lilhed ; and to the e are the remains of in old caftle. Here were fornerly 16 COL churches, hut now only laarc ufed ; and moft of them w«re danviged in 1^48, whin the towti rinrendett'd to tl;r army of the parliameiil, after a meiniii- able fiege. The town is funous for oyftcrs and cringo-roots, and has a large manuf;i(.'liire of baize, 'i'he number of inh.ibitants was 11, 5:0 in iHoi, and ia,544 in iHi i. It is 2a m sw Ipfwich, and 51 hNF. Londor Lon. o 58 e, lat- 5« 53 N. ('o/c/if/lert a town of Virginia, in Fairfax county, on Ocquoquam i:reck, .^ mfrom its confiux with the Potomac, and 16 6W Alexandria. (■olcliefler^ a town of Conneflicut, in New London county, ao m nw Nevr London. C'olc/iejhr, a town of Vermont, in Chittenden county, on a bay of Luke C harapliiin, jvt the influx of the Onion, 14 m N by E Burlington. ColJing, a town of Denmark, in Jut- land, formerly the relidcncr of many Danilh kings, who adorned it with fc- veral edifices. The harbour is choked up, and its commerce ncarlv annihi- lated. It is feated on the Thucths, near its entrance into a bay of the Little Belt, 30 m ENE Ripen. Lon. 9 35 k, •i»t. 55 33 N. Coldingham, a town of Scotland, in Berwicklhirc, anciently noted for a nunnery, built by Edgar, king of Scot- land. Ebba one of the abbofles, re- nowned in tradition for her chaftity, gave name to the neighbouring pro- montory called St. Abb Head. It is 9 m NNw Berwick. Colditz, a town of Upper Saxony, in Miliiia, with manufafturcs of linen and ftuffs, I'cated on the Mulda, 22 m se Lcipzic Coldjlreamt a town of Scotland, in Borwicklhire. Htie general Monk firft railed the Coldftream regiment of guards, with which he marched into England to reftore Charles n. It is feated on the Tweed, over which is a handfome bridge, 13 m sw Berwick. Ctkagara, a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Coimbetore. It has two large temples, and is a confiderable mart for the traders between Seringa- patam and the country below the eafl:- ern Gauts. It is 34 m sb Seringapa- tarn. Colebrooi, a town of Connedlicut, in Lichfield county, with iron -works on Still river, a branch of the FarmingtoD, 26 m NW Hartford. CoUbrook DaUf a village in Shrop- ihire, on the banks of the Severn, xmsi by B Brofeley. It ftands in a windins 'M-'i -.r- COL vale, between two vaft hillif which are coviTfd with hanging wmu) i. Il'-re «re nuiiy kiliit fur burning tim«(lone ; the mod confiderabli.* irun-worki in Eng- Iind ; a bridg', over the Severn, con. Aructod of cilt iron ( i Ipring of fodil tar, or potioientn , and .1 work for oh> t.iining a limilar kind :•( tar, front tlto condiMifel fmoke of coal. Celenitt i'afttt .1 capo of tlie ifland of New Ctledonia, in the I'acific ocean. Lon. \f)\ t,ft v-tVAi. ^o2,o f^. (■olerain, a borough of I/eland, in the county of Londonderry. It fends a member to parliament, hai a good fal- mon iifhcry, and a noted manufadlure of linen. It ii foated on the river Baiin, j| m from the fea. urd st ene London- derry. Co/erain, a town of the ftale of Geor- gia, in Camden county. A treaty was concluded here, in 1796. between the United States and the Creek Indians. It is foatcd on St. Mary river, 35 m w by N of the port oCSt. Mary, and 140 8 by v- Louifville. CoUJhill, a town in Warwick (hi re, with a market on Wednclday, feated on a hill, by thi.* river Cole, 10 m « Birmingham, and 105 nw Londoii. Cblford, a tovm in Giouccftenhire, with a market on Tuefday, 5 m ese Monmouth, and 124W by n London. C'olima, a town of New Spain, in Guadalaxara, feated in a fertile valley, on the river Neqnalapa, 145 m » by w Guadalaxara. Lon. io3iovv,lat. 18 53 it. Collabang, a. town of Hindooftan, in Malwa, near the river Sindc, jo m w Chanderee. ColUi a tovirn of Tufcany, on a hill near the river lilza, 10 m nvw Sienna. CoUeda, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia* feated on the Unftrut, 19 m N by w Weimar. Colliourt, a town of France, in the department of Eadcrn Pyreneeti, with a caftle. It was taken by the Spaniards in 1793, but retaken the next year. It has a fmall port on the Mediterranean, 16 m ssE Perpignan. CoUumptorti a town in Devonihire, with a market on Saturday, and a con- (iderable trade in woollen cloth ; feated on the river Culm, 12 m mne Exeter, and 160 w London. Colmar, a town of France, capital of the department of Upper Rhine. It is furrounded by a wall, flanked with towers, near the river III, 4s m s by w Strafburg. Lon. 7 12 e, lat. 48 5 e. Colmar Sf a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower AIps^ ao oa £me SDigne. COL Co/ff, a river that rife* ne.ir Clare in Sutfolk, pafll's by Halftrad and Cnlchtfter in Efli-x, and enters the Crcrm.m ocean, at the k ene Lancaflcr, and 118 NKW London. Cohcylhla, a town of Euiopcan Tur- key, in Morea, on the nw part of a bay, to which it gives name, 36 m s Mifltra. Lon aj 34 e, lat 36 38 n. Coloeza, a town of Hungary, and an archbiOiop's fee. It is fltuatc on the Danube, 57 m s Buda. Lon- 18 29 e, lat. 46 38 ft. Cologna, a town of Italy, in Paduan, j6 m w Padua. Colcgne, a late archbiflioprlc and eleAorate of Germany, in the circle of Lower Rhine ; bounded on the n by the duchy ofCleve and Gelderland, e by the duchy of Berg, s by the archbilhop- ric of Treves, and w by the duch/ of Juliers. Some detached parts of thit territory lie on the e fide of the Rhine, and in 1800 were given as indemnities to the neighbouring German princes; but the principal part, lying w of the Rhine, now belongs to France, and it included in the department of Roei . Cologne, a fortified city of France, in the department of Roer, with a univcr- flty. It was lately an imperial city of Germany, capital of the eledorate of Cologne, and an archbifliop's fee. It contains 10 collegiate and 19 parochial churches, . id many otbtr religious foundations; all of which ?,re famous for their fine paintings, their treafures, or their reii(5t8. Cologne is ihe birthplace of the great Rubens ; and ^was once ce- brated for its commerce, which is now dwindled to the manufadlurc of a few ribands, (lockings, and fome tobacco. It owes its decay to perfecution ; to the expulfion of the Jews in 1485, and of the proteftants in 16 18. Two-thirda of j this city have f..ice fallen into ruins, and ftreets and fquares are converted into kitchengardens and vineyards. It is feated on the RhinC) 17 m & Julieri> Lon. 6 J5 B,lat. 50 55 n. Ctlimitr, depart men mar. Mcai Colongod Malabar, \ tuns of c< mountains tore, and 5 Colonna, nadi f'oma Colon/a, to the w of < from Ore which being be conlidert long and a b «»ncc, and gi exported. Coloor, a ( «ircar of Gu mond mine. oftheKi/tna Colorado, which rifcs a N border of a W8W courfi pif of Calif lcnp-*h of its of which ^oc rigged vefTeh banks are cnti Colorno a N of Parma, fea Parma. Colofujuar j Colouri, 01 I ropean Turk« ftparated fron by two narrov circumference vancesfarinia ancient city o the chief towr w by s Athena Colllerf Merf.-y oU at the he famoii* are fevrral ne in Eng. ickingham- w London, irc, with a a trade in imies. cali- mbcr of in- i.and 533'^ ,iU, near the icafttT, and jifliopric and n the circle of m the N by the derland, e by he archbifliop- the duch/ of parts of Ihii of the Rhine, as indemnities irman princes ; lying w of the France, and ii jentofRoei. ;y of France, in , with a univer- mpcrial city of ^e cleftorate oi •iftiop's fee. It nd 19 parochial lotb'cT religious ?,rc famous for ;iv treafures, or is ihe birthplace [nd ,wa8 once ce- |e, which is now Ifafturc of a few fome tobacco, fecution ; to the in 1485. anio Two- thirds ol , illen into ruins,! '8 are converted d vineyards. U , i7mi JuUe"' M. COL CtlimUn, a town of Fnnce, in the department of Seine and Marne, 18 msK MeaiiK, and 40 e Paris. Colonffodu,^ town (if Hindoodan, in Malabar, with coiilidfrablu manufac* tuns of cotton ; featcd at the foot of mountains on the s, ^^ m sw Cuimbe- tore, and 53 k l)y « P.iniaiiy. Celonna, a town of Italy, ' Campag* na di r^omu, iH n s. Rome. Co/on/a, a fertile ifland in Scotland, to the w of Jura. It is feparatcd on the s from Oronla, by a narrow channel, which being dry at low water, thty may be cunlidi-rcd as one illand, about i \ m long and a broad Rabbits are in abund* ancc, and great numbers of beevet are exported. Cohort a town of Ilindooftan, in the «ircur of Ountoor, nrar which is a dia- mond mine- It is rituate on the s (ide of the Kiftnah, 13 m nw Coudavir. Colorado, a river of M' America, which rifcs among the mountains on the N border of New Mexico, uud taking a W8W courfe, enters the n part of the gulf of California in lat. 33 N. The lcn^*h of its coiirfc is about 1000 m, of which 300 are navigable for fquurc- rigged veflels; and the whole of its banks are entirely dellitut(> uf timber. Colorno. a 'own of Italy, in the duchy of Parma, featcd near the Po, 10 m n Parma. Coh/iuar ; fee Claufenburt- Colouri, 01 Salamis, an in.uid of Eu- ropean Turkey, in the gulf of Engia, feparated from the province of Livadia, by two narrow channels. It is x6 m in circumference, including a bay that ad- vances far inland. Little is vifible of the ancient city of Salamis ; and Colouri, the chief town, ftands on the bay, j 8 m w by 8 Athens. Col/ierworth, a village in Lincolnfhire, on the Witham, 8ms Grantham ; near which, on the w, is Woolthorp, bmouD for lieing the birtliplace of fir Ifaac Newton. Columb, St. a town in Cornwall, with a market on Thurfday, feated on a hill, 16 m NNW Penryn, and 449 wsw London.. Columbia, a river in the nvv part of N America, whofe foutce is unknown. Some of its head waters nearly com- municate with thofe of the MifTouri ; but the main llream is confiderably further to the n. In 1805 it was enter- ed, where 860 yards wide, by captains Lewis and Clark, who paifed down it to the PaciBc ocean, which it enters, by a mouth above 3 m wide, in Ion. 1 24 f 6 w, lat. 46 Z9 N ; but their defccnt in COL loaded cii>o' ■.',.,■ ■' ' .'it '■ i" ^' '■^%1. . ,.4. ■Ml ' ■ •] '1^. 4,1. ^ .. ■ i; COM Ing thlif C«»l.imbo it the chirf plrcc for the ftapic tra'%' of Ifw illinJ. I li«« arti- clrn exported are cinn.im'Jii, pcppt r, ar. ruck, .111(1 coya-ropc <>r cortl.igc j mKo i number of inferior article), ,i% beteMe.«r, nreki-niit, jApgerjr (x loit <)M)licliilh iugar) cocoa iititi unit oil, wax, honey, c.irtlatnom. coral, ivory, fruit, Arc. Co- Iiimlio iti (Unite in a rich dillritit on thr w C(Mll,ti)w.ird tho s part of the ilhitid, 90 m w by s Candy. Lon. 79 49 k, lat. 7 4 w. t't/umna, 3 town of Kiifll.1, in the gn« vernmi'nt of Molcow, and an archol- fhop's (ce, .150 m 4K Molcow. Lon- j8 aj «. -I' 55 5 N t'o/.vrj; (\:v ('otouti. ('oil/ton, a town in Dcvnnfhire, with A market on 'rininday, T att-d on the Cole, at its conlliix with \\w Ax.l; m E I'ixetiT, .itid 151 vv by s Loi. Ion. Com, a town of IVifia, in Irac, with feveral beantdul mol(|u«>a, and fomc xrand (epiilchrcs. The trade is coii- tidcrable ; and the chief articles are fruit both frclh and dry, the bcU (oap in Perfia, excellent tWotd-bladcs, white porcelain, (ilSo, and velvctti. It is fcated near the foot of a mountain, and on u river in u fine plain, 1 10 ni nnf. Ifpahan. Lon. 51 20 E, lat. 34 30 s. Comac/iio, a town of Italy, in Fcna- tcCct feated in a lake of the lame name, lying between two monihi of the river Pt), i] m BSE Fcrrara- Lon. 118 r., lat. 4442 N. (Jomana ; fee Cuinana. Comuuagotta ,\\.ovi\\ of Terra F'rm.i, in the province of Cumana, 10 m w Cumuna. Comnijaf^ua, or fa/lacIolU, a city of New Spain, capital of Honduras, and a bilhop's ice. It is leated on the Chamu- lucon, 280 m E Guatimala. Lon. 88 20 w, Lit. 14 35 N. CotfiA Martin, a town in Hevondiirc, with a m.irket on Tuclday ; li-ated on an inlet of the Brillol channel, fur- rounded by lodes of iron and le.id, the produce from which is fhipptd for Wales and Brillol. It is 6 m e Ilfra- comb, and :oa w London. t'ombant, a town of Ilindooflan, in tiic country of Cuddapa, 65 m n Cud- dapa. t'ombamet, a town of Hindooftan, in the country of Golconda, 68 m e Hy- drabiid. Comiila/t, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal, and chief place of the country of lipera. It is leated on a river that floWi. w into the Bnrrampootcr, 58 m hSE Dacca, and jSB hUE Calcutta. Lor. 91 20 E, lat. 23 «5 n. CO M Com'iHfit • town of the Nethfrlandi, in Flanderi, on the river Lii| 8 m nh Yprei. C«mij0, n town of Sicily, in Val di Noto, mmK co'inty of Modict \ featcd in a fruitful plain, 17 m wnw Noto. ('omuitnJo,nr ('ommnni,!i kinydnm of Oum«M, i^n til r Golit coift, formerly a part of th^ kingdom of Fetu. The n.i. tiv " ''a warlike dilpolition, and f« nt that the king it faid to be ab!c It* r.'ifi* nn army of ao,oQo men. The capital id Oraiui Commendo or OufTo i 4 tn to 'the H of which, on the feaco.ift, ii Little Commendo, where the Kn)(li(h and Dutch have forts. Lon. o 34 a, lat. 4 54 M. i'ommerej, * town of France, In the department of Menle, with a caftir, fe.ittd Oil the M men. imciulo or liilj, on tht u\o, where forts- Lon. inoc, in the th a caftlr, in AR Har crola. in the litH, sii)d th«: i vegetable! I part of iti ac. Lo» li in Milanefci Curroundcd conical cmi- nnoia caftle. mc edifice of n the iitigh* abitanti have uul IJlk, and the (JrUbns. I, in his Let- fill Iccncry of he sw end of 'nnw Milan, 7 K, lat. 45 pis, a lake of ig 40 m trow \vid ; 5« ••• t'om0rH, a ftroiig town ol Hungary, capital uf a tcriitnry of ihr f.imif nuniC' In i7lit it wtia n«Mrly dclUoyrtl Ly .m r^rthquake. It in (catrd on the Danuin-, III thi; ineofScliiit, •( •; m *.%>■ i'reftiiirg. Lon. I It I -^ », l.it 47 \f> N. Ctm^itjfn*, a town of France, in the dcpaitiiicnt of Oik. Kera i« a palaco, ill wliich thi! king of trainee olttii re< tided. The Miid of Orle.tnK wo/- ttlla, a city c ina^'iiiticent ) jind it liuit a frcat nunilu'r of convents for both (irxi'9. t is pretended that the body of St. Jumrs, the pitron of Sp;iin, was bin led here ; und piigriins vifu his wooden image, wliicfi itaiids on the great ultar of the cathedral. From thia city the military order of St. Jayoliad it» origin. It is letted ill a beautiful plain between the rivers Tambra and Lflla, i<;5 m Lun. 8 27 w, lat. 41 w by N Leon. saw. t'ompo/leHa, a town of New Spain, in Giiadulaxara, capital of the diftrict of Xalifco. Then.' an: tevetul niineb of lilvcr in its neitrhbourhood. It is 110 m w Guadalaxara. Lun. 104 36 w, lat. ai 13 N. ('omrie, a town of Scotl.ind, in Pcrth- (hire, with ii conrKU'rahle trade in linen yarn and whilky ; featcd oi\ the £riie» at the influx of the Ruchil, 34 m w Perth. Coucan, a low trac't of country, on ihe w colli of the Dcccan of Hiudoolt.in, between 15 and ze N lat. From this inid rifes abruptly that Itupendous wall uf mountains called the Gauts. It is fubjecl to the MahrattaR. Conrarnrnu. a town of France, in the department of Finifterrt, with a caltlc ; feated on a fmall inlet of the Tea, 16 rast Quimper. Conctptiont a fcaport of Chili, in tho province of Fuchacay, and a bilhop's lee. The old city was deftroyed by an earthquake in 1751, and part uf its ruins are vifibic, «)n the se fide of the bay, near the town of Talcaguana. The new aity is m from the fitc of the old one, and 3 from the Tea, in a beautifnl plain, called Morha, on the N bank of ihe I'iiobio, and contains about 15,000 inhabitav's. The bay of CON C inception la one of tho moft cnmmo* dioiit narbours in the world, and Ihel* lered from the ocan by the fertilt idand uf Q^iiirioiiina, which form* twrt rniranccs into tfie bay. Thi* city it of great extnit, and has a piUce for Ihe prelident of the roy.il audience of St. Jagu, who is obliged to rclide here for llx months. The chief export! art hides, tallow, dried borf, wheat, and Hour. It irt no m n Valtlivia, and i6* ksw St. Jago. Lon. 73 9 w, lat. J* 47 S. C§»c*ptioHf a town of Terra Firma, in the pruvinci? of Cumana, litu it* at the Ibnice ot the Pao, in a mod fertile country, 91 m « by w liurceluna. Lon. 6j 10 w, lit. H 4) N. Lonerftio/i, a town of New Spain, in the province of Ver.igna ; liMted near the Caribean fei, on the river Veragua, 3.) m NKw St. Jago. Lull. Vi 40 w, lat. 14 48 N. U$ncobtlla, a town of Guinea, in An* 7.iko, the refidetice of" a piiiice | featcd on the river Zaire and boriiers of Congo, 15') m »w Munlol. Lon. 15 54 fc, lat. a js- Concord, a town of New Ilampdiire, in Kockingham county. The legifla- turc frequently hoid iheir (« flions here ; iind it has much of the tr.ule of the upper country. It is feared on the Merrimac, over which is a liandlome bridge, 54 m wnw Poctftnouth, >d 58. 'K Hanover. Lon. 71 .^i w, lal 43 la N. ('oftc0rdt^ town of MalTachufets, in Mii!(ll«;frx county, with a handfomn court-houfe, and three briilges over the river Concord. This town was the U'at of the provincial congrefs in 1774, and the Ipot where the firll oppofition v^as made to the Britilh troops in 1775. It is iH m NNw Bolton. Concordia, a town of Italy, in Mo- denefe, on the river Sechia, 5 m w Mi- randolu. CoHcordf/i, a own of Italy, in Frlull, 28 m ssw Udira. Candantrct » town of Ilindooftan, ia Gulconda, 24 m t Adoni. Condapilly, a town of Hindooftan, capital of one of the Lnglilh Circars. \ is fituate on the Kiftna, 80m ssk Ra- jamundry. Lon. 80 30 e, lat. 16 ^y n. Condapourt a town of Hindoodan, in Golconda, ao m s by w Hydrab ad. Condavir, a town of Ilindooftan, and the principal port of t!ie Guntoor Cir- car. It is ftrongly iituate on a moun- tain, 30 m sw Condapilly, and 65 nnr OngoTt. Lon. Ha 19 w^lat. 16 aa n. If ■ I II I ) '%\' r« fl CON <'««iV/, a ftront mwn of Francfi In (he (trpurtmriilolNurcliWithAforirrri. It ftirii-nilrrrd tn the ulliri, .iltrrrnttur* IhK thr rifuuit nt' tJininc, i)i 179.(1 l**'^ Wiw rctrfkrti in i7'H> 'nd onlctrti by thr COiivrmiori |i) h;tvr it! niini?chilii)(ril in t hit of Noril l.ilire. Cord*' 11 fraiiHl on thr iiclirldtt at the influx of thi> ILiifiiP, 7 m N by B Valcnciciuifi, and %t t» Lillc. Cvnd^^ I town nf Francci in tlir clc* nartmntt of Calvadoi, fiMteil on the N«TC.4ii, iH m ««twCani. ( 'onJ*€nio^ .1 c.ipr ot New .S|uini in Juc4tan, luo m w Mcrid.1. Lun. 91 17 w, l.u. to J 1 K. l.'otiJ//ui/nJi a town of IVru, capital of a diOn^t, in whirh ii g.itlirri-{| a fpccicK nf wiUI cochineal that furmi .1 5rrat article of tr.ide- It i» 83 in nnw irecjuipa ('nndonit a town of Fr.incc, in the de- t>artnwni of Orit, latrly .m I'pil'cnpal er. It ia (entrd on the Blnifc, a6 m NNW Aiich. I.un o 14 n, lat. 4^ 57 n. i'ondort, a fertile illaiid in the Chin.i feai near the coafl of Cambodia. It la in the form of a crefcent. 9 m long iiiid 1 where bro.ulcd ; and is lurrounded by levera' illrlM. Butl'aloi, lio^rs, veget- ables, and water are to be had liert* . The inhabitants arc fmall in ftaturr, well Ihapi-d, and uf a dark olivi> com- plexion. They ha;o a little idol tem- ple, built of wood, and thatched litta, M.itamba, and Ren* ginU. It W4I difcttvered by thr I'or* tu^ucfe in I »Ni , and is bounded un the N liy (ininea, • by pails unknown, i by IWrnlia, and w bV the Atl.mtic. It is fomrtiiiii't lulled Lower Ouima | and iiir I'ortugurfr have m^ny U-ttle* menu on the c;)4fU as well as in the inlanti country. 'I here are many defcrt places within lanfl, in which ate cIp< phanti, tifrrs, leopards, inonkics, and monllroui fi'rpentst but ni-ar the coall the Ciil is more fertih*; and there are fruits of many kindu, h'lidr palm-trees, from which wine and oil are mad^. The grenteft part of the inhabitants go almolt naked : ihcy worihip the fun, moon, liars, and animali of difTerent kinds ; but the Portugurfe have made many converti: they are (kilful in weaving cotton cloth \ and trade in flaves, ivory, calfta, and tamarind*. Congo, properly fo calli-d, is only 150 m brond along the coaft, but i» 370 inlan^ . From March to September is called the winter (ealbn, when it rains alinolt every day; and the fummcr is from OAobcr to March, when the wr.i. ther is very hot. The principal riven are the Zaire and Coan/a. The ca« pital is St. Salvador. Congortt a town of IVrfla, in Lariftan. It has a market for pearls, brought from Bihrin, and an excellent road i.i the Perlian gulf. It h 76 m si Lar. Lon. 54 30 K, lat. 16 40 N. t'oni, a fortified town of Piedmont, capital of a territory of its name, with a mong citadel. The trade here is con- fiderable, it being the n-pofitory for :i!l the merchandilhfrom Turin and Nice, which is intended foi Lombardy, Swif- fcrland, and Germany. It i;> fo ftrong by nature and art, that though fre- quently befieged by the French, they never could take it. In 1 796 it was de- livered up to the French, after their victory at Mondovi, ai a hoftag'; for the performance of a treaty t and it fur- rendeiedtothe Auftfiaiisin 1799* ^' '* feated on a rock, at the conflux of the Grefle and Sfure, .15 ml Turin. Lon. 7 44 E, lat 44 24 W. Conjeverantt a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic. The ftreets are tole- rably wide } and on each fide is a row m a Mm- \ grc«* •( * )l I.oango, ami B«n. / thr I'oT. lundcil on unknown, r Atlmtic •r ()uini'4 i lAiiy letlle- I ai in thr lUny d«fcrt lU aic clr- mkifa, and ,«r Ihe ciMll (1 thore are palnvtri'ej, 4r« mad'- ubitnnta go \\\p the fun, of diireretit B have made (• (kitful in iiul trade in 1 tamarinds. , is only I JO , but i» 370 September it wlicn it raini \c rumm>pain, in Anil.«lii(lii, on A (uy to whict) it k'^*'* n^mc Tlic iiihahitanli arr iDUihiUKtRed in AlhiiK L'jdi/. i''i»iH, A town of Poland, in the pa* l4tin.ttfof Kdifch. leairdun the Warui, iH nt -I by k (inrfcn. CaHinxini, !\ town of Suahb, capital III .1 ( «>(! ty uf ihe liiiie name, xq m n Conllance. i'oninjftoH, a vill.tt(e in Iluntrngdon- iliirr, near Stilton. It hiii the ruinn of 4 1'ilitc I and i« fruted ut the hcitd of the river which forma Ugmere, Brick- mere, and Wittlefi-y-mere. Ctuiibtrg ; lice KoHgjbtrjt, CuHi/brough, a vilbge In W York- ihire, 5 m aw Donc.iltcr. It uaa foi- mrrly a place of note, and has lurgi; iv- mains of an iincicnt c.iUle. (Jtmjiofmertt a t.ike in LancaOtire, 6 m long and nearly orttf broad. Nt-ar the hfitf of it, on the n w lidc, in the vil- lage of Conidon, 3 m w by Hlluwkllicad. Connaught,^ province of Ircl.ind, 1,^0 m loHK and K4 broad , bounded on the I by Leinltcr and MtinlUr, » by the Utter province, w and n by the At- l. Eartmrnt ol rinifterrr, with a good bar* our and road. It Is 1 a m w hrcit. i'o^j/.uUt a town of Sil< lit, in the principality of Orli, 21 m .vk ilrieg. Vonjhnri, a forlifii^d city of Siiabiti and lately a bithop's fee t (r'.itrd tin iht !• lidi' of thr Rhine, betwerti the upper and lower lakes of CoiilUncc. Though once Hourifhing In commrrre, and ce- lebrnted in hillory, it now li-.irccly con- taint 4000 inhabitants. Ctnitance ii famoni for a council, in tji4. which caul'ed John Ilufs and Jerome of Prague to be burnt ; and lih'wlfc condemned the dot'lrinc of Wlcklil", and «)rderrd hlH bones to be burned 40 years after he wan dead. In 1787, about .^ro omi- grantH from (»»mi.'va w. re f«*ttled herr, by cmptTiir Jofcph 11, who grinted the'n the fccularizi-d convent of the Uuminicaus, t' na manuf i^lurc of print- ed linens. The French took podVllion of this cityin i?t)6; and in 180;, it u.is ccd»;d, by the treaty of Prelburjf, to the elfeUor of Baden. It is 35 m nkZo ch. Lon. 97 k, lat. 47 38 V. i'onlinnce. Lake tift the moft con • nderablc lake of SwiHtrlaiul, which «l fcparates from Siubiu, that pat ex- cepted where the city of C'onfUnce is r.?ated on its s lule. It is divided into three p.^rts. The upper and large ft part is called Boden Sei- ; the middle p.u t it named Biidni-r See ; and the lower part Untuntain, 40 m N K Seville. Con/iantina, the eaftern province of the kingdom of Algiers, and the largrft V i ^'1 1.1 'i. <■% '■ 5i CON ■nd richf ft of the four, i is governed by a bey, who pays an anminl tribute I to the dey of Algiers. The greatcft part along the coalt in mou.itainous. In th(* mountnini dwell frco Arabian and Mooiifli tribes, of whom thr Cabyl^ iire deemed the moil turbulent and crntl. As thefo frre ninuntiiineers poffVfs a fuperfliiily of oil, funp, dried fige, and timber; the {government of Alj^ierp, which fliuulH in need of thefe articles, is olj|ig*-d in many thinpa lo (how in- duljrencc to thoic tribes. See 7.nab. i'onfiantina, a city of the kingdom of Algiers, capita) of the province of the lame name. It is fiated at die top of a high hill, and entered toward the N over a ftupcndons lloman bridge, having three rows of lofty aiches. Ffere are many Roman Antiquities, particu- larly a triumphal arch ; and in tin- vi- cinity are numerous remains of ihir ancient Cirta. Next to Alf:iers, this city is the niofl: populous in the king- dom. The chief articles for trade arc corn, wax, hidcH, fine wool, camels hair, oflricli feathers, tallow, goat a\id flicep fliins, beeves, fliecp, horfes, and mules. It is feated on the Rummtl, J90 m £ bys Algiers. Lon. 6 24 e, lat. 36 7,4 N. CotiJhi/iti>io/>/r, one of the largtd ci- ties in Europe, and the capital of the Turkifli empire. It is of a triangular form ; and featc' between the Bhick Tea and the Archipelago, on a neck of land that advances toward Natolia, from which it is feparatcd by a flrait a mile in breadth. The fea of Marmora waflies its walls on the s, and a gulfof the ftrait of Conflaritinople does the fame on the NE. It was anciently called Byzantium, but the name was changed by Con. ftantine the great, who made it the feat of the Roman empire in the eaft. It was taken, in 1-^5.3, by the Turks, who have kept pofleflion of it ever fince. The grand fignior's palace, called the Seraglio, is on the fcafide, furrounded by walls flanked with towers, and fe- parated from the city by canals. It ilands on the fite of ancient Byzan- tium, the E point of the prefent city, and is 3 m in circumference, con- fining of an afTcmblage of palaces and apartments placed by the fide of one another, without fymmetry and without order. The principal entrance of this palace is of marble, and is calh'd Capi, that h, the Port (or gate) a name ufed frequently to exprefs the couit, or the empire. The cattle of Seven Tow- ers is a itate prifon, and ftands near the fea of Marmora, at the w point of the CON city from the feraglio; and .it the nw point, wit^out the walls, is the imperial palace of Aijnb, with a vilhge of the fame name. The number of houfes in Conftanfinople is prodigious ; hut, in g( neral, they are mean, and all of them conflrufted of wood, and the roofs co- vend with hollow tiles. The public edifices alone are built in mafonry in a viry (iilid manneT. The flreets arc narrow, badly pav-d, and dirty; and the people ;irc infeiiod vviih the plague alinoft tv(ry ye;ir. The inhnbifant;), eftimatfd at 520,000, are half Turks, two thirds of the other half Greeks and Armenians, and the reft Jows and Franks. Iferrarea^reat number of ancient morni. mentfi ftill remaining; parUcuUrly the fiiperb temple of St. Sopiiia, built in the fixth century, which is converted Into a mofque, and will contain ioo,coo perfons conveniently. Between the two in<)f(]urs of fult^n Snlyman and B-JJ-izit is the old fenglio, in which are Hiut up the wives of the deceafed fultans, and alfo fuch women as have difpleafed ti:e grand lignior. The baz.nrs refemble a row of booths in a fair, and others a ftreet of (hop?!, which are feverally alloS ted to particular trades ar^' merchandife. The bt/efleins are large fquuK buildings, covered with domes, fiipported by ar- cades, and contain all forts of goods, which are there expofed to fale. There is a market for flaves of both fexes ; and the Jews are the principal merchants, who bring them here for fale. A great number of girls are brought from Hun- gary, Greece, Candia, Circaflia, MIii- grelia, and Georgia, and fold to the Turks. The great fquare, near the mofque of fidtan Bajazet, is the place for public cuverfions. The fountains and public baths are numerous. The gulf on the NH of the city, called the Golden Horn, is the harbour, which runs up tVom the point of the fsrnglio to the village of Aijub, about 4 m in length and half a mile where broadtft. Aijub may .^e reckoned one of the fuburbs, and has a mofque, in which is the tomb of fultan Othman, the founder of the empire. The fuburbs of Galata and Pera are on the other fide of the harbour. The former extends along theentunce of the harbour, and is chiefly occupied by merchants; and adjoining it on the E is an arfenal and cannon foundery, called Tophara. Per?, ftands behind thele (m an eminence, and, having fre- quently fuffered by fire, is now chiefly built with (tone. It is the place where the foreign ambafladors rcfide; and here, as well as in Galata, are fevcral houfes wher and even 1 loxicate th< HOW allowcc not even the and it is u\,l\ the city, to j.ii'iiriry, ill ( circurnfeienc i4 vv'ith the they are built dually, there town from t rounded by v tliere mixed by iso towei lix on the lane the harbour mofques, bag arc many of 700 m s E Viei 41 I N. ^onjiantinopi the Thracian the communic pontis or fea Eiixine or Blac Md a mile ; broadeft ; and f between Europ trance on the w tinople, and on t i!s banks are lin are feen fome 'imoft entirely rioully painted : . Turks are in \ the Greeks, An "f a blackifli bi allowed to em Moofelmins. j. Black fea are tw other, to defend Podolia, on the Chmielnik, and ; volhinia, on the I'^Lucko. Lon inj"/"'^''^* ate I'^^Wp. Hm se (^ontejh, a feap l«y. Ill Macedo Isanic, at the infli lf«.l'y N Salon l^antinople. Lon J Untrcs, a totvr iP^tment of Loir ■Slois. I ^onty, a town ImmentofSomra |!t m ssw Amiena prradjBari, ^ I at the NW he imppri!^! ige of the f'honfi'8 in s ; hot, in all of them le roofs co- Thf p"hlic mafonry in : nrccts are dirty; ami , the plague inhabitant'', half Tnrks, i Greeks and 8 and Franks. iiciontmonii- ♦.icuUrly the nia, built in is converted ntain 100,000 ween the two I and B.t.j^zi.t :h are iliut up \ fnltans, and difpleaf'^'l the ;r8 rofemble a and others a feveral'y aVmt- ' merchandife. uuu bnildings, sported by ar- Drti of goods, ofale. There oth fexes ; and lal merchants, fale. A great Uht from lliin- ircaflia, Min- id fold to the lare, near the •t, is the place |e fountains and ;)us. The gulf jled the Golden which runs up fevaglio to the 4 m in length •oadcft. A'jub ,f the fuburbs, ,ich 13 the tomb [founder of the of Galata and of the harbour. ,,g theennance Ihiefly occupied bining it on the mon foundery, ftands behind ,nd, having fre- is now chiefly he place where Irs rcfide; and lata, are feveral CON houft'9 where European failors, Greeks, and even Turks, go to drink and in- toxicate theniltlves. Isio foreigner is now allowed to rcfule 111 the city itfcif, notevfiu the minilter of a friendly nation; and it is abfolutcly nciceflTary, in viliting the city, to procure the* protcilion of a jaiiiiniry, in order to prevent infult. The circumference of thij city is 12 m, and ;4 with the fubuihs included; and as they arc built 011 ground which riles gra- dually, there is a viev/ of the whohi town from the fen. The city is fur- rounded by walls of freeftone, here and there mixed with bricks, and 11. inked by 450 towers; it has alfb 22 g itcs, lixon the landiide and the reft toward the harbour and fea. The palaces, mofques, bagnios, and caravaufarics, arc many of them magnificent. It is 700 m sE Vienna. Lon. 28 5/; e, lat. 41 I N. Confiantinoplet Strait of, anciently the Thraclan Bofphorus, and forming the communication between the Pro- pontis or fea of Marmora, and the Eiixine or Black fea. It is 20 m long and a mile and a quarter where broadeft ; and forms the feparation here between Europe and Afia. At its en- irance on the w fide is fituate Conftan- tinople, and on the other, Scutari. Both its banks are lined with villages, where are feen fome very handli)me houfes, jimoft entirely built of wood and va- riouily painted : thofe belonging to the Turks are in white or red; thofe of the Greeks, Armenians, and Jews, are of a blackifli brown, for they are not allowed to employ the colours of the Moofelmins. At its termin-ition in the Black fea are two forts, oppofite each other, to defend the pafiage. Conjiantinoivt a town of Poland, in Podolia, on the river Bog, 8 m sw Chmielnik, and 73 ne Kaminieck. Conjfantinow, a town of Poland, in Volhinia, on the river Selucza, no m lELucko. Lon. 27 20 H, lat. 49 58 n. Confuej^ra, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, 34 m SE Toledo. ConteJ/'a, a fcaport of European Tur- key, ill Macedonia, on a gulf of its tame, at the influx of the Strimon, 60 m B liy N Salonichi, and 240 w Con- hntinople. Lon. 24 8 e, lat. 40 52 n'. ^ontres, a town of France, in the de- partment of Loir and Cher, 10 m se 3lois. Qonty, a town of France, in the de- jattmentof Somme, feated ontheSeille, \t, m ssw Amicna. Converfano, a town of Naples, in terra di fiari, 1 2 m sb Bari. COP Cunwai/, a river of Wales, which ifTues from a lake in Mcrlonethftiire, flows through a fertile vale of the fame name, along the whole eaflirn border of Carnarvonfliirc, and ciitora the Irifli fea at Abercoiiway. Con- n, a town of N.iple,"?, in Princt- pato Ultra, and an archliilh^p's fee. It was I'o rre.^tly ruined by an tarth- qwakc in 1694. that the plarc where the catiiedrrd itood is hardly known. Its principal commerce is in r.i.irble. ft is 52 m E Naples. Lou 15 ,35 E, l.-xt. 40 50 N. ('oot fnfet, an extrnfivf' nrm of the fea, on the iiw coaft of Amcrici, dif- cov(fred, in 1778, l)y c.ipt;iin Cook, \v!io tr.iced it 70 leagues northward from its entrance, in Ion. ts2 w. It was further explored, in \79\, by captain Vancouver, who found it* termination to be in lon. t48 43 \*', lal 61 29 w. Tlie Rullians have formed fome fettle- ments on the w and n coaOs. (Jof)i l^trait, a li:r.iit dividing the two iflands of which New Zci.land iscom- pofed ; it is about four kagu^s broad. Cooperjioivn, a town of New York, chief of Otli'go county. It isfiiuate at the sw end and the outlet of Lake Olftgo, 7.^ m w by n Albany. Lon. 74 .58 w, iat. 42 36 N. Coos, an ifland in the Archipelago, 56 m to the Nw of Rhodes, fubjcit to the Turks. Lon. 27 44 e, lat. 37 i w. V/'ooj Bey liar, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal. Its diftritt, on the confines ofBootan, exhibits a melancholy proof of two fads frequently united ; the great facility of obtaining food, and the wretched indigence of the lower order of inhabitants. It is fituate on the Toorflia, 160 m nne Moorlhedabad. Lon. 8g 34 E, lat. 26 18 N'. Coo/aiuatc/iif, a town of S Carolina, capital of Beaufort diftrid. It is feated on the Coofa, over which is a bridge, 20 m Nw Beaufort, and 60 WbW Charlefton. Lon. 80 30 w, lat. 32 45 n. Co/'fn/ia^en, the capital of Denmark, with a univerii* ;. It is the beft built city of the non , ; and owes its princi- pal beauty to a five ill 1728, and an- otlicr in 1794. At th'i latter, the royal palace of Chriftianburg, built by Chrif- tian VI, one of the mod commodious and mod fumptuouOy futnilhed in Eu- rope, was dellrnyed. The new parts of the town, raifcd by Frederic v, con- filt of an oiflagoii, containing four uni- form palaces, with two pavilio is to each, occupied by the royal family; and of four broad ftreets, leading to it in oppofite diredions : in the middle of nit ' A (■• ,'. f' i 'r.§ f '1 ' j-u- ml }Um COP the area is an cqueftrian ftatue of ihat king in bronze- The new royal market is the largcft fquare in the city, and al- moft entirely compofed of (lately build- ings ; as, the academy of painting and fcuipture, the theatre, the great hotel, the artillery houfe, &c. and in the centre is a marble equeftrian ftatiie of Chriftian v. The grcaieft part of the buildings arc of brick ; and a few are of freeftone. The palaces of the nobi- lity are in general fplendid, and orna- mented in the Jfalian ftyle of architec- ture. Here are manuf-idtiires of beau- tiful porcebin, fugnr, flik, cotton, woollen cloth, canvas, and leather. The haven is always crowded with Ihips ; and the Itreets arc interfecHetl by canals, which bring the mcrchandifc clofe to the warehoull'S that line the quays. Contiguous to the harbour arc leveral iJland8,dtuominated Holms, upon which are dock-yards, containing every thing necp/rary for the building and equip- ment of fliips of war. The citadel is a regular fortificaiinn, with five baftions, n double ditch full of water, and feverai advanced works. The round tower, built by Chriftian iv for an obfcrvatory, is a lofty ftru^ure ; and the greatcflt part of its afcerit is, by a fpiral road, near 14 feet wide, that a carriage can go up and down. In the n fuburbs is a. large obelifk of reddilh (tone, ercdtcd in tv93 by the city, to the honour of Chriftian vii, on his abolifhing valTal- ago; and around its pedeftal are four female figures of white marble. Four m to the Nw is Fredericfburg, the molt con fiderablecaftle belonging to the royal family, with a fuperb chapel, in which the kings are crowned. Copen- hagen at the end of the year 1799 con- tained 83,618 inhabitants. In 1807 a Britiih fleet arrived here, and required the lunendcr of the fliips of war in its harbour, to prevent the French getting pofiVffiun of them ; not being given up, the city was bombarded till it fnrrender- ed ; and nil the velTels and ftores being fcnt ofFfor England, thecitywasabandon- cd by the Britilli. Copenhagen is 5 m in circumference, feated on the E (hore of the ifle of Zealand, 340 m sw Stockholm, and 500 ne London. Lon. X3, 35 E, lat. 55 41 N. See Amak. Lr,/,t, A town of Mifigrelia fituate on the Black fca, at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 50 m s;jvi Ruki. (Jopinpo, a leaport of Chili, capital of a province abounding in mines of gold, copper, fuiphur, and fodile (all. The town is regularly built, and Itands on the 4 fide of the Franclfco, at its entrance \ COR into the Pacific ocean, aoo m n by b Coquimbo Lon. 70 13 w, lat. 27 k; s. (Jopllowuatz, a town of European Turkey, in Buit,aria. Lon 36 35 e, lat. 46 40 N. Cof)oria, a town of Ruflia, in Tngria, at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 50 m w Peterfburg. Coppenbruffe, a town of Wedphalia, in the county of Spigelberg, 10 m e by N Hamelin. Coppett a town of SwifTerland, with acaftle, on the lake of Geneva, 10 m N Geneva. Coqutti a river of England, which rifes on the borders of Scotland, croHcg the Centre of Northumberland, and en- ters the German ocean, at Wark worth. Oppofite its mouth is a fmall ifland of the lame name. Coquimbo y or Serena^ a feaport of Chili, capital of the province of Co- quimbo, rich in corn, wine, and fniit, and mines of gold and filver. The (Irefti are (liaded with fig-trees, palms, oranges, olives, &c. always green. It ftaiids near the mouth of the river Coquimbo, 260 m N by E Valparayfo. Lon. 71 14 w, lat. 30 1 s. / Coracihie; fee Cretchey. Corah, a town of Hindooftan, in Al- lahabad, on a river that flows into the Jumna, 98 m nw Allahabad. Lon. 80 45 K, lut. 26 7 N. Coram, a town of New York, in Suffolk county, Long ifland, 10 m s Smithtown. Corbaclh a town of Germany, capital of the county of Waldeck. It is divid- ed into the old and new town, and near it, on a mountain, is the caftle of Eifen- berg. The Hanoverians were defeated here by the French in 1760. It is feated on the Itter, 22 m w CalTel. Lon. 9 i E, lat. 51 16 N. Corbeck, a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, 3ms Louvain. Corbeil, a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine and Oife, feated on the Seine, at the influx of the Juine, 17 m s Paris. Corbie, a town of France, in the oc- partment of Somme, with a celebrated Bencdidtine abbey, fcate-' on the Somme, 10 m F Amiens. Corbieres, a town of Swi(rerland, in the canton of Friburg, 10 m « Friburg- Corbigny, a town of France, in the department of Nievre, near the river Gonne, 30 m N e Ncvers. Corby, a town in Lincolnfhire* with market on Thurfday, 13 m u Stamford and loa n by w London Corcan ; fee Jorjan. ^ordillt fia, and a Romans b circumfcre many orch walls. Tl h'gious ho, the cathed when the and ft ill eel The fquare, fu Hounded ai'e piazzas wi'^f'f (illc, ; con(icIfrable boiirlio )d ar and lemon tr hor^e^ in Sp; the Guadalq old bridgi'j j 3SW Madrid. TlafcaJ.1, and many fugar a Potofi. It Eftero. Lon. ( ^ortot a pen between China thcNbyEafter »nd ifles of Jai 1}Y the Yel (ne principal p ginfehg, gold, Mftor and fabh Jiioll equal to imd of paper tr hers of whales "le coaft toward ^■■c well made, tradable. They ™"fiG, and fliow quiring the fdcn to with ardour, fliftinguiffr ^ fro P'umesof. ^he [""eii-caps. The "'"ting, drefs, re iff .of their cuftc l/'ie'r women ai I ''o'e in China, ,■ PPcanng in cor ffr children w N'nCorea,thej )0 m N by B , lat. a7 II) s. >f European •n 36 35 B, na, in InRria, of the fame F Weflphalia, •g, 10 m E by flerland, with Geneva, 10 m gland, whidi o'lland, croH'fJ viand, and en- It Warkwovth. finall ifland of , a feaport of ovince of Co« pine, and frait, ler. Theftreeti palms, oranges, >en. It ftaiich iver Coquimbo, fo. Lon. 7 1 14 / ndooftan, in Al- It flows into the lahabad. Lon. New York, in ifland, 10 m £ Jermany, capital eck. It is divid- r town, and near lecaftleofEifen- ns were defeated 760. Itisfeated :aflcl. Lon. 9 i the Netherlands, uvain. ranee, inthede- Oife, feated on ofthejuine, 17 .ranee, intheiiC- with a celebrated tc-' in the Somrae, of Swiflerland, in| lomsFriburg. of France, in the near the nverj incolnfhire,with . 13 m N Stamford^ don COR Cordilleras ; fee Andes. C'trdova, a ci'y of Spain, in Andalu- fia, and a bilhop'n fee, known 1 > the Romans by (he name o! Conluba. The circumftrenee is larpe, but there .nre many orchards and gard tm within the walls. The palaces, churches, and re- ligious houf«'8 are fuperb, p.irticiii.irly the cathedral, which was a nKdqijc, when the Moors poirrlled the town, and ftlll retains the nauu* of Me/quita. The fquare, called the Plaza Mnjor, ij furroundcd by fii.o houfcs, under which are piazzas. The trade confills in wine, (ilk, and leather; l)Ut is not fo confidcrablc as formerly. In the neifh- boiirlio id arp a v.ifl: nuiTi'icr of oraiij'e and lemon trees ; and lure are the bd): horfcs in Spain. Cordova is feated i;n the Guadalquiver, over which is a fine old bridg''. He? m Nt; Seville, and 190 3SW Madrid. Lon. 4 34 w, lat. 37 51 n. Cordova, a town of New Sp.iin, in TIafcala, and a bifliop's fee. Here are many fugar mills, and the vicinity pro- ducts abund.incc of tobacco. It ftands near the Blanco, which flows to the iakfiof Alvarado, 45 m wsw Vera Cruz, and 73 E by s Puebla. Cordova, an epilcopal town of Tueu- man, with Tome monaftcries, and a convent. It has a great trade with Buenos Ayres, and fends cotton cloth to Potofi. It is a6o m s St. Jago del Eftero. Lon. 65 15 w, lat. 3a lo s. Coreat a peninfula of Afia, extending between China and Japan ; bounded on the N by Eaftern Tartary, e by the fea 2nd ifles of Japan, s by the ocean, and w by the Yellow fea and Leao tong. The principal produdls are wheat, rice, ginfchg, gold, filver, iron, foffil, fait, caftor and fable Ikins, a yellow virnifh alraoll: equal to gilding, and a p culiar kind of paper made of cotton- Num- bers of whales are annually found on the coaft toward the nr. The Corcans ire well made, ingenious, brave, and traitable. They are fond of dancing and muflG, and fliow great aptnels for ac I quiring the fciences, which they apply I to with ardour. Men of learning arc |diftinguiftr-< from other people by two I plumes of . »hcr8, which they wear in llheircaps. They have borrowed their Iwriting, drefs, religion, and the greater jpartoftheireuftoms, from the Chinefe. jThelr women are lefs confined than Ithofe in China, and have the liberty of Ijppcaring in company with the o tr I'M; In CI ina, parents often marry llheir children without their confent ; Iwtin Corea, they choofe for themfelves. C (J 11 M They never bury their dead ti|| thre« years after their deccafc, bur keep them in coffins f ^r that timi" The kingdom of Corea is commonly reckoned aoo leagues from n to s, and 100 from e to vv. The kins '>^8 abiblute authority over his fiilje'ls, but is himfcif tribu- tary to China. It is divided into eight province.^, which contain 93 cities of llir firit rank, 58 of the fecund, and 70 of the tl'ird. Kiang-hi-tau is the capi- tal. Lon. 1164a K, i.it. ,^738 Nf. Conllti, a town of Spiin, in Na"arre, on the Alhami, u m w Tudela, and 44 ii P,in»plori,i. Cfnfj CfiJ/ld, a borough in Dorfetfliire, with a market on Thurfday. It is fcat- • in Lejn, 23 m E Salamanca. Cork, a county of Ireland, in the pro- vince of Munfter, 80 m long and 50 broad ; bounded on the w by Kerry and the Atlantic, n by Limerick, b by Waterford, and s by St. George chan- nel. It fends eight members to parlia- ment, is divided into 232 parifhes, and has about 416,000 inhabitants. It is very fertile, and has two confiderable rivers, the Blackwater and Lee. Cor/i, a city of Ireland, capital of the county of Cork, and a bifliop's fee united with Rcfs. It ftands on an ifland in the rivor Lee, over which are two ftone bridge's. Veflels of 120 tons may come up to the quays, but thof»- of heavier burden unload at Weft P.iflage, 6 m below ; and the largeft veflels generally anchor a few miles lower in a fafe and commodious harbour called the Cove, which is defended by a ftrong fort. The cathedral was built, between 1725 and 1735, by the produce of a duty on coal ; and tliere are fix other parish churches. It fends two members to parliament, and the inhabitants are eftimated .^t near ico,ooo. Cork fur- paffes all the towns in Ireland for trade, except Dublin. The exports confift chiefly of beef, pork, bidesi 'tallow^ COR and butter. It was taken by the earl of M.irlborough in 1690. It is 14 m from St. George channti, and 150 sw Dub- lin. Lon. 8 at w, Ut. 51 54 n- ( 'or/in, a tovn of Further Ponierania, with a caftle, and confiderable wnollcn manufacHures ; featcd on the Pcriant, 10 m ."IK Col berg. Cormantin, a town of Guinea, on the Gold coaft, large and populous. Here tlic Dutch have a foit. Lon. o 15 w, lat. <; 30 N. Cormery, a town of France, in the de- partment of Indre and Loire, with a Bonedidine abbey, fcated bn the Indre, 8 m St. Tours. Corna, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Inik, feated at the angle formed by the jundion of thcTigris with the Euphrates, 35 m wNW BafTora. Cometo, a town of Italy, in the patri- mony of St. Peter, feated on the Marta, 3 m E of the sea, and 10 n Civita Vecchia. Cornhlll, a town of the county of Durham, in Norhamfliire, feated near the Tweed, over which it has a large bridge to Coldftream, in Scotland. It is la m sw Berwick, and ^'^'h nijw London. Cornigliano, a town of Italy, in Mi- lanefe, 15 m k Milan. Cormual/, a county that forms the sw extremity of England, bounded on the E by Devonfliire, s by.the Englifli channel, and nw by St. George chan- nel. Its length from e to w is 80 m ; its breadth next to Devonihire is 48, but it foon contratfls, and at Falmouth does not exceed 14 ; it then fprcads a little to the s and sw, and terminates in two pointSs one of which is called the Lizard, and the other the LandB-end. It contains 900,480 acres; is divided into nine hundreds, and 213 parifhes; hat 37 market-towns; and fends 44memberi to parliament. The number of inhabit- ants was 188,269 in 1801, and 216,667 in i8ii. The vicinity of the fea exempli it from hard frofts, and fnow neve • lies long on the ground. The foil is not very fruitful, efpecially in the centre on the hilly parts ; the valleys yield plenty of grals, and the lands near the lea produce corn. It has plenty of fea-herbs, and fbme other plants peculiar to its infuiar fituation. The piincipal rivers are the Tam.ir and Camel. It derives its chief importance from its minerals. The mines of tin and copper are numerous, and in general v-rry rich in ore ; and there are Ibme of lead. With the me- | talline ores are intermixed large quan- tities of forts of p.trticiil.i both in vvlien po ft'I than many cavi found trai diamonds duke of vcmie, not to the due and coppei town, but Cornwat Nova Scoti 64 15 W, I; Coro ; /('( Coroniaui coaft of th( '•xtending I There is n( the whole c( ftndy count pal town. Coron, a key, in Mor to which it was cannoua a great part i E Modon. I Coronation, ofNewCalec Lon. 167 8 K Corregio, a dcnefe, with , ^orrexe, a containing the ^t takes its n; flows by Tu Vezere. Tu Corrientes, a fort, fcatec rana, at the 490 m N Bucn iat. 27 30 s. ^orj/jam, a i_ market on VV derable wooJIc mf-NK Bath, Corf.ca, an "nean, feparat pn the s, by t 's '50 m from 50 in breadth, ancient Greeks and Cyrnus, .in Pi-cfent appella many excellent taiiious, but fr 'Peried ; and ft "vers. In the . I lamous for its A "luces vaft quan the earl of 1 4 vn from o sw Dub- Poincrani.i, [)lc wtiollcn he Perlaiit, inca, on the Ions. Ikrc on. 015 w, :e, in lh<* tlc- nirt", with a un the Indre, c Turkey, in ixvcwA by the he Euphrates, , in the pntri- o» the Marta, 10 N Civita he county of e, teatt'cl near it has a large Scotland. It and 333 Nn^v )f Italy, in Mi- that fornrts the id, bounded on by,the Englifii George chan- . to w is 80 m ; ivonlbire i» 4^* fnd at Falmouth then rpreads a and terminates lich is called the the Lands-end. cres; is divided ki3parifties;ha» 'nds 44memberi imber of inhabit- [01, and 216,667 (fthefea exempt! 1 fnow neve' lies ,'he foil is not very he centre on the } yield plenty of ir the lea produce bf fea-herbs, and [liar to its infular pal rivers are the ' derives its chiet , minerals. The Lr are numerous, rich in ore ; and With the me- iixed large quan- COR titles of miindic and arfioic Many Inrls of ftones arc alio found licrc, pMificiiIarly nK)f)rn-oiie, which is iifcd both in buililin};.. and for millllonc!) : when poliflicd it appears more beauti- ful than any v,f (he marbUr kind. In many cavernous parts of the rocks are found tranlpariMit cryftala, called Coriiilh diamond;). Thr king's eldcft fon is born duke of Cornwall, and derives a re- venue, not only from lands npptrtaining to the duchy, InU from the miinsoftin and copp<;r. Liiinctllon is the county town, but Falmouth is the largcft. (Jornivollis, a town on the w coafl of Nova Scotia, 41 m nw Halifax. Lun. 64 15 vv, lat. 45 10 N. Coro ; (i'c 1'cntx.uela. Coroniaitde!, Conji of, the eaflern coaft of the peiiiiifuli of Hindooflaii, extending between 10 and ifi n lat. There is not a port for larjic fliips on the whole coall, whicli is an even, low, faiidy country. Madras is the princi- pal town. Corortf a feaport of European Tur- key, in Morea, on the w fide of a bay to which it gives name. In 1770 it was cannonaded by the Ruffians, and a great part is Hill in ruins. It is 15 m E Modon. Lon. at 46 e, lat. 36 /i^ n. Coronation, Cape, a cape of Hic iflaud of New Caledonia, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 167 8 E, lat. zz 5 s. Corregioi a town of Italy, in Mo- denefe, with a caftle, 9 m nne Rcggio. Correze, a department cf France, containing the late province of Limofin. It takes its name from a river, which flows by Tulles and Brives. into the Vezere. Tulles is the capital. Corrientesy a town of Paraguay, with a fort, feated on the e fide of the Pa- rana, at the influx of the Paraguay, 490 m N Buenos Ayres. Lon. 59 w, lut. 27 30 s. Corjlmm, a town'in Wiltdiire, with a market on Wednefday, and a conli- derable woollen manufadluie. It is 9 m F.NE Bath, and 97 w London. Corfxa, an ifland in the Mediter- ranean, feparated from that of Sardinia, on the 8, by the ftrait of Bonifacio. It is 150 m from N to s, and from 40 to 50 in breadth. It was known to the ancient Greeks by the names of Catllfta, and Cyrnus, and to the Romans by itii prefent appellation. On the coaft ar^ many excellent harbours. It ii moun- tainous, but fruitful valleys are inter- fperled ; and it has fome fine lakes and rivers. In the earlieft times it has been famous for its fwarms of bees, and pro- duces vaft quantities of honey, which, COR however, is rcclsoned bitter, on arcount of the box ..lid yew with which the country abounds. The mountains arc rich in lead, iron, copper, and fiber ; and there are alfo mines of alum and faltpetrc. The granite of Corlica is nearly equal to the oritntil ; pmphy* ries, jtfper, talc, amianthcs, emOralds, and other precious ftones, arc found feattertd in the mountains ; and i\w s coaft al)onnds with bcjiutiful coral. This ifland was, fV)r fome centuries, mider the dominion of the Oenoefe, whofe tyranny was fuch, that the Cor- licans were almofl in a perpetual ft itc of inCurrd'tion. In 1736, a German ad- venturer, Theodore baron NcwhotK, brought fome aflillance to them, and on Ihs nfTiiranees of more powerful aid, they el-xMed him king ; but, as he c<»u!d not fubllantiite his promifes, he was obliged \o leave the ifland. Tlie Geiioefe, tired of the contcft, fold the fovertignty to France, in 1767 ; and the celebrated Paoli, who had been cleded to the chit f command in 1755, was obliged to abandon the ifland in 1769. After I lie French revolution, in 1789, Corfica was admitted as an eighty- third department of France, at the par- ticular requeft of a deputation, of which Paoli was at the head. In confe(|uenc(; of fome events which followed the re- volution of 1792, Paoli revolted; the French, by the afTiflancc of the Englifii, ^verc expelled from the ifland ; and Corfica, in 1794, was declared anneyd to the crown of Great Britain. In 1 796, however, the Englifli found it expe- dient to cvacua> ; the ifland ; the French immediately took pofTeflion, and divid- ed|it into two departments, Golo and Liamone. of which Baf^ia and Ajaccio are the chief towns. Corjier, a town of Denmark, in the ifle ot Zealand, on a peninfnia, in the Great Belt, with a good harbour for light veflTcls. It is defended by a caftle, which f'ervea alfo as ;; magazine for corn; and is 54 m wsw Copenhagen Lon. II 12 K, lat. 55 12 N. Cortc, a town of Corfica. fituate in the centre of the ifland, on the fide and foot of a rock, at the conflux of the Tavignano and Reflonica. On the point of a rock, rifing above thi' reft, is the caftle, to which there is but one winding paflage that will .idmit only two pc lions abrcaft. While the ifland was in the poflcffion of the Englifli, Corte was made the feat of the viceroy ; and it has been enlarged and fortified by the French. It is 27 m ne Ajaccio, and4oswBaftia. Lon. g53E,Ut.42 6ir« f\ ■ ■ i .1. ', , : i i" ;■ , ■r I \ .■!! I! i , m ill- 1r ,1 1 IT''' '■: :-i\ I, r,l;ll * , • t I fil 1 COS t'orttmipjia^ a town of PiCilmont, in Mot'tfcrrat, fltuatc on the fiermid.w i6 m K Clurafco. Cortona. a city of Tufcany, in Florfntiii.', and a hilliop's ffc, with a famous tjadcmy. It is (iippofcil tu be the mod uiicicit city in Italy, and nncc the capita! of I !u uria, and prtfervcs fome lenjnniit of its waiU, the only vcftigf of iti early magnificunce- It (lands on the lidc of a moimtain, near the fr(»ntier8 of the Eccielialticai State, 32m e Sienna, and 50 SK Florence. Lon. 11 51 w, lat. 43 ao N. Cornieif, a town and fmall principality of Wt'fVphalia, with a jelt;bratcd abbi-y ; lituate on thi; WcA.t, 27 m u by n Pader- born. Lon. 9 34 k, lat. 51 46 k. Cermna, a feaport of Spain, in Ga^ licia, with a large and faf(* harbour, called the Groyne, defended by two caftles. Tho town is of a circular form ; but the poverty of the furrotmd- ing country affords few refourccs for trade. It is ao m sw Ferrol, and 35 m by c Compoftella. Lon. 8 19 w, lat. 43 *3 N. Corvo, the rmalli-ft and moft norther- ly ifland of the Azores, fo called from the abundance of crows foui.d upon it. The inhabitants ctdtivate wheat and feed hogs. Lon. 31 6 w, lat. 3942 n> Cortuen, a town of Wales, in Merio- nethlhire, with a market on Tuefday ; fituatc near the river Dee, 9 m n t Bala, and 202 Nw London. Coryvrekan^ a dangerous whirlpool oil the w coaft of Scotland, between the iflc" of Scarba and the n point of that of Jura. It is fo named from a young Daniih prince, who perilhsd in this place : its vortex extends above a mile in circuit. toj ; fee Stanchio. Cqfier, a town of Egypt, on the Red fea, and the chief place of trade, acrol's that fea. between Uiis country and Ara- bia. It is 280 m s by E Suez. Lon. 33 50 E, lilt. 26 8 E. L'ofenzay a city of Naples, capital of Calabria Citra, and an archbiihop's fee, with a ftrorg" calllc. Tiie environs produce abundance of corn, fruit, oil, ■wine, and filk. It is iituate on fcveral finall hills, at the foot of the Apennines and by the river Cr ni, 1 55 m se Naples. Lon. 16 20 li, lat. 39 ao tt. Coflin., a town of Further Pomerania, with good woollen manufa^^tnrea, feated on the Nefchaoh, 18 m e Colberg. Cefnci a town of France, in the de- partment of Nievre. Anchors for (hips are forged here ; and Its cutlery and gloves are much cfteemed. It is feated COS on the Loire, at the influx of ihe No.nin, 34 m N by w Ncvcrs, and 100 s by 1. Paris. (■'ojpour, a town of the kingdom of Affam, 376 m k Patna. Lon. 92 57 E, lat. 24 56 N. Col/'acs, a people inhabiting ihe con- fines of Poland, Ruflla, Tartary, and Turkey. They are divided into t\\t Kofakki-fii-Parovi, the Kofakki-Donfki, and ihe Uialinn Coirics. Th*- men arr lar^je and well made, have blue eyes, brown hair, and aqueline nofes ; thr womt?n are liandlbmc, well fh:tpcd, and complaifant to ftrangcrs. The Uralian ColTitcu dwell in villages, ulong the banks of the Ural. The country which the Kofak-ki-fa-Paroviinhabit is called the Ukraine; and their towns arebuilt of wood, after the manntr of the Kullians. The Kofakki-Donlki dwell on both fides of the Don, ari- under the proit-c- tion of Rnflia, and profrfs the fame re- ligion. See Ukraine^ Uralian Cojiia, and Tfcherkajk. Cojfimbaxur, a river of Ilindooftati, in Bengal, the mod wed* rii arm of the Can[Tes, from which it fi paratcs ^■, m below Rajemnl. It palVea by Moor- Ihi'dabad, CoHimbrizar, &c. to NudcUa, where it is joined by the Jcllinghy, another arm of tlic Ganges, and their united ftrcam forms the Hoogly. Cojjimbazart a town of Iltndooftan, v.i iicngal, the refidtnce of the difFcreiit European fadtors, and the centre of their trade. It is feated on the river of the fame name, by which it is furround- ed, 7 ni s Moorfliedabad, and io<; n Calcutta. Co£imiotta, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of Cicacole, on a river that flows into the bay of Bengal, 74 m svr Cicacole. Lon. 83 7 e, lat. 17 42 v. (Joffipourt a town and fortrefa of Hindooftan, in Delhi, on the ne border of the province, 100 m ene Delhi. Lon. 79 18 E, lat. 29 14 ^'^ Coffonay, a town of SwilTerland, in the canton of Bern, on the river Vcnog, JO m N Laufanne. Coftaricay a province of New Spain, bounded on the n e by the gulf of Mex ico. sw by the Pacific ocean, Nw liy Nicaragua, and se by Veragua. It has rich mines of gold and filver, but in other refpeds is mountainous and bar- ren. Cartago is the capital. Coftainttza, a town of Croatia, on the river Udda, and borders of Bofnia, ^f m ESS Carlftadt. Lon. 17 8 Ei lat- 45 20 N. Co/hvici, a town of Upper Saxony, in the priucipality of Anhalt, with a ihcNonin, 100 » by ». ingdom of n. fji 57 ^> iij^ the con- artary, and d into thr kki-Donfki, [*h«* men arr c blue cyet, nofc«; thr Hh.»pod, and Tlic Uralian , along the )Utitry which ibit 18 called nsarcbiiiltof the Kuirians. rell on both ex the proiic- , the fame rr:- (tliiVi Cojfaci, ,f Ilindouftaii, 1 rii arm «f lh«.' I f( pirates 3; UVe3 by Moor- cc. to Nuddta, the Jcllinghy. iges, and their Hoogly. af Hindooltan, of the different the centre of on the river of . it is iurrounil- ad, and 105 ^ of Hindooftan, , on a river that engal, 74ms\t at. 174a Ji- . nd fortrefs of nthcNEborckr ni ENR Delhi. N. , . Swiflevland, w the river Vcnog, , of New Spain. the gulf of Mex- ocean, nw liy Veragua. It has id fiWer, but in itainou3 and bar- ipital. , of Croatia, on orders of Bofnu, Lon. 17 8 '^J^"' ,f Upper Saxony, f Anhalt, wit»» « eov Mftitf, fituatc on the Elbe, 10 m w by n Witlt'hlniri;. <'ct'>mfA town ;irid difVridl of Lower Liil'.iti.i, lato'y ftibifi't to the KinK of I'mlFui. Till" iMfHc (lands oil an tmi- iii'iico Oil th'' K full' of the town. Here arc a prfat number of French pr'-tcft- .intSi who have introduced ihcir manu- laJluren-, and it is noted for cxccllci't hrer, pitch, and flax. It is O-atrd on tb** river Spn-c, 60 m f. by s Wittoii- biire. Lon. 14 i\ R, lat. |i 46 n. i oti' d' Or, n department of Franco, which has itb name from a mountain, lituate to the s of Dijon- U contains part of the lati- province of Burgundy. Dijon is the capital. Cotes /hi NonU a departnumt of France, fo named from its northern nia- ruimepofition. It contains part of the late pr()viiiceof Hretagne. St. Brieuc is thr capital. i 'itt-Jkvrilil, a long traifl of high ground in the r. |j:iit of Gloucellerihiie. It altbrds in many places a fine Jhort gra/a for the ft'cd of Hiecp ; and others arc tkvotcd to the growth of corn. The fides of this long range are beau- tiful .13 they fink into the vale, fram the hills of Stinohcomb and Nibley in tlie 3 to that of Bredon in the M, wnich has been celebrated in ancient rhyme. Cothen, a town of Upper Saxony, ca- pital of the principality of Anhalt- ('otlien, with a caftle- It is 12 m sw DcfTaii. Lon. 12 9 s, lat. 5 1 48 n. Coiignac, a town of France, in the department of Var, on the river Argens, 3i m NNE Toulon. Cotignola, a fortified town of Italy, in Fcrrart'le, 25 m ssk Fcrrara. Votopaxi, a mountain of the kingdom of Quito, one of the higheft of the Andes. It is i ft, 890 feet abi;ve the level of the Tea ; and at its Aiminit, which is perpetually covered with fnow, is a volcano that has at various times caufed terrible devaftation- Cetrone ; fee Cretona. Cottiy, a town of St. Domingo, feated in a rich and extenfive valley, on the Camu, at its conflux with the Yuna, 35 m wsw Samana. Coucy, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aifne, on the river Oife, 9 m N Soifon*?. Coventry, a city in Warwickfliire, which, united to Lichfield, is a bilhop's fee. The market is on Friday. It is a county of itself, governed by a mayor, and has three pariih-churchcs, one of which, St. Michael, is faid to have the moft beautiful fteeple in Europe. The houfes being moftly old, with ftories COW proji(*ling over each otiier, make a mean appiMiance. The number of in- habitants wa:i 16.0,14 bi ifloi, and 17,913111 iHii. Tilt.' principal in imu. fadtiirc is filk nhiinls ; but (bme gau/».'% camblctB. and ladings, are uKo made. It ha« a communication with the Siaf- furdlhire Grank Trunk, liy a canal to Fradlcy ; and by another, which joins the Oxford canal at UraunAon, it has a commiinic.itioii witl>the Thames. Co- ventry ii 15 m NNK Warwick, and 91 Nw London. Lon. i jj w, Ku. 52 24 N. Coveripcntm, a town and fortrcfs of Hindooftan, in Myforc, on the right bank of the C'avery, 60 m se Myfore. Lon. 77 38 R, lat. II 51 N. Covil/iam, a town of Portu(»aI, ia Bcira, with a inanufa«5ture of woolica cloth, 18 m sw (Juarda. Coulan, a feaport of Hindooftan, in Travancore, with a good harbour and a navigable rivtr. It ftands on a penin- fula, 60 m NW Travancore. Lon. 76 34 fc, lat. 8 51 N. Covoerden', lee CoevorJen- Courlandy a duchy of Europe, 250 ra long and 40 broad ; bounded on the w and N by the Baltic, e by Livonia, and s by Poland. It is divided into Courland Proper and Semigallia. The country fwells into gentle hills, and is fertile in corn, hemp, and flax. It is moftly open; but in fome parts there are forefts of pine and fir, and groves of oak. It was formerly a feudatory pro- •vince of Poland, but was annexed to the dominions of Kuflia, in 1795, ^y an aft of the ftates. Mittau is the ca- pital. Courferans, a late province of France, lying along the river Satat, and now forming, with Foix, the department of Arriege. Courtray, atown of the Netherlands, in Flanders, celebrated for its manu- fadlures of table linen and woollen cloths; feated on both fides the river Lis, 1 2 m E Ypres. Coutances, a feaport of France, capital of the department of Manche, and a bifliop's fee, with a fine cathedral. It is 37 m sw Bayeux, and 185 w Paris. Lon. 1 27 E, lat. 49 3 N. Contrast a town of France, in the de- partment of Gironde, at the conHiix of the lUe and Dronnc, 25 m ne Bour- deanx. Coivbridge, a corporate town of Wales, in Glamorganfliire, with a mar- ket on Tuc(day. It is called by the Welfh, Pont-faeii, from theftone bridge over the river Daw, which ibon after 1.1 (r • ■I ■ -I' c a A entcri the Briftol cli.niml. Nonr it an* the ri'niiii)!! of Llniibitt: m caille, of which ;i m.iirivi- giicway in now am- vertcil into a barn ; ami a')i)ut a miU- •T "''.'tlii;! c n A lurrouniled by brick walls ami old towfrii which form u kind of cuadfl. Adjoiriiiiy id the c.ithi'dr.il, within the walls o\ thir cit.idel, in which uidII uf <^i(l.int, on a lufty hill, aic the ruin" of tin- fovcieigiu tif I'oland are interred. Pcnlinc c.iftlc. Cowbiidgo is lam w C'ardilV and 173 London. C'ccr.j, a fi'ipoit of II impOiIre, in the \(\l- oI Wi>;hl, on the w li.lc of the month of thi- Mniina or Cowei. On till' opprfitc fitlc is the village of E i(t Cowcs, and at each placf ia a fort built by Henry viii.for thi- Iccnrity of the Uland and road. Cowcs h ih an excel- lent haibuur, which \i much frequented by Ihip'i to repair dam i^cs fiiflaini'd at (ca, and to water; and alfoa jiood trade in provifiona. &<;. for th(! ufi; of the lliipping. During the /'ummcr it is nuich fre(|uented for th<,' purpofc of C-i-bath- inp ; and lu-re are a niindicr of genteel lodgiiif;-li"iiii-«> •'^"d an allembly room. A mail packet lails from this pkice every d^y at noon for Southampton. It is 1 2 m 3 by k Southampton, i z wsw I'oitI'moulh, and 86 sw London. Lon. j^ 17 w, lat. 50 46 N. L'oylan j ice Quilo/:. (.'oivUurga, a town of Ilindooftan, in !Myloro, with a ftrong liill fort. It is fnrrounded by hills and forcfts, and ftands 12ms Nagara. Ccjzuniel, ixn ifland on the k coaft of Jucatan, where Cortes landed, and re- frelhed his troops, before he attempted the c(.'nqiiclt oi Mixiro It abounds ■with fruit, pulfe, cattle, and fowls. The ordinal natives poflefs this iHand, hut areUiljeft to Spain. Lon. 87 19 w, lat. i(j 40 N. Crab Ijland ; fee BoriqiUK. Cracatoa, the fouthcrmoO: of a cluf- ttr of illands in the entrance of theltrait of Suiida. It con lifts ofehvatcd land, gradually riling on all fides from the lea, and is covered with trees, except a lew fpots, which have been cleared by ihc natives for the purpofe of forming rice fields ; and its cora! reefs afford fmall turtles in abundance. The inhabitants arc not confiderabic ; and their chief, like thoff of the other illands in the ftrait, is fubjeft to the king of Bantam. Lon 105 56 t i lat. 8 6 s. Cracow, a city of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, and a bilhop's fee, with a univerfity. It was formeily xhe capital of Poland, when- the kini,'S were eledted and crowned, and nearly in the centre of the Poliih dominions; but, fince the partition of Poland, it is become a frontier town, and belongs to Auftria. On a rock near the Viiluh is the ancient n^yal palace, Though the city and fuburln occupy a vail trail of ground, they (i.:arcvly c\»n- tain 24,003 iidnbitants. 'I he f;rc.»t fqiiare iti I'p iciou>* and well buitl, and many of the ltrect:i.!re broad and liand. fomv ; but almoft «'very bnildinjc Wr.'n the mark of mint d grandeur. '1 hiR de- vallaiii)i\ w.is be^Mii by iln' Swcrden in 1 701, when it was taken by Ciiarlts xii ; but it has lince experienced greater cala- miticH, having been taken and retaken by the Uuffi.ins and the cuuledtratei. On the general infurrcL^lion, in 1794, againll the I'rulliati and Ruflian nfiirpeis of the I'olilh territory, Kofciuiko, the chief of the patriotic inl'iii;^,'t iiifi, ex- pelled thi! KnUian garnfm troiii this city; but having marched, in the fequel, to the protec'tioii of Warfaw, Cracow futreiulL-red to tlie Prullimn. It is fealcd on the Vilhila, i,^o m ssw VVarfaw. Lon. 19 50 k, lat. 49 59 n. Crail, a borough of Scotland, in Fife- (hire, with an ancient church, and fomc remains of a caftle in which David i frequently relided. It is feated on the frith of Torth, 7 m se St. Andrew. Cralnburg, a town of Germany, in Carniola, with a# caftle, on the river Save, 18 m Nw Laubach. Cramond, a village of Scotland, 5 m WNw lidinburg, at the mouth of the Amond, in the frith of Forth. It \\?% a commodious harbour, and confiderable iron- works. Cranberry, a town of New Jerfcy, in Middlefex county, 16 m siw Brunl- wick, and 20 ene Trenton. Cranbourn, a town in Dorfetfhire, with a market on Wcdncfday, feated near a fine chafe, which extends almoll to Salifbury, 38 m ne Dorchefter, and 93 w London. Cninbrook, a town in Kent, with a market on Saturday. Here was eredid the firft woollen manufadure, by thofe Flcmirgs who l«ttled through the en- couragement of Edward iii; and here is a free grammar-fchool, endowed by queen Elifabeth. It is 13 m s Maid- ft'iie, a" ' I) .'5K London. Crane ,g, a town of France, in the department of Roer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Cleve } feated on a hill, 5 m w Cleve. Crr./iganore, a town and fort of Hin- ddoit in, on the coaft of Cochin. It was taken from the Portuguefe in 1662 by the Dutch, who fold it in 1789 to the rajah of I the moiil chin. L ' ran/ii depart fn« itH minrr; (■'nio», p.irtnjent Oudcn, I Crato, tejo, Wit onki (if river Cri Here are I and a mati ^'rccy, t in the ilep i:inccr, in thf d<'- partnu'tit of Mtyinni',' nc.ir the river Oudcn, 17 ni s l»y w Laval. ('rata, .1 lovvii of l>iirtn{;al, in Alen- tcjo, with a prioty bclnnKinj,' to llic order of Malta. 14 tti w Porlalqjrr. r>Yj^/or,'tufiil plain, watered by the Oyrlio, anil near tin- Fi, over which is a bnilge of Ito.it s defended by a fort. A iiiiai pafTes ihrough the town, and tonus a communication between the two rivers. Cremona has luen iiiveral timiR tai^eii ; the laft tinif hy the Fitiich in irtoo. It is jo m NW Parma. Lon. 9 58 k, lat. 45 8 N. Vremnneli, a territory of Italy, in the duchy of Milan, hounded on the K by Mantua, N bylhtfciano, w by Cif-maf- co, and s by Fauna. It ia fertile in wine and fruits. Cremona if; the capital. C/vw(//>r, a town of Moravia, with a fine caiHe and a convent, fcaltd on the river Marfch, jS m ssk Olmntz. iJrefcenthio, a fortified town of Fii-d. mont, on the river Po, ao m Nt Tin in. (^refpy, a town of France, in the de- partment of Oife, 17 ms Compiegnc. CreJJ'y ; fy N London. Cricklade, a borough In Wil'fl)in«, with a market on Saturday ; I'l itfd r« ar the Thaincii, 15 in w by s Oxford, and 84 w by N London. Criejf', a town «'f Scot) ind, in Perth- {hire, with nnanufa<5ture8 of pnpti ;ftf.imily t'.ic f«»verf«vnty rontinutd till the iBlh ccntnry. The Khani, h"w. rvtr were vail Mk, nr tril>ut.iry to the Turks, till the year 1774. whf-n their ind< pcndencf was ll'pulatrd in tin- trea- ty of Ca'nar^i. In 178?, thf Hiifnaii» look polUnion of thi- country with an arniyj tin. tolhtwnin year it wi< cctUd to tilt m hy th«' Tuiki ; and the peace* aMt pofUnion of ihi- vvl..ilf wa> licur«'d In thirm in i7«;i, by ihe ifll'i u of the ftMtr«'l» of ()c/ «l Hat, poor, ami lit for pillur- a»j:i" only It h:u miilni me nor hit. lock ; liilt l.ikrrt of Kertch, the r-ad olCafla, and the har- bour orHilacl.ivathi re is, ntarSi bafto- poi, t.iie of tin.' tiiifft harbours in the world. Tlurprincip.d articles of export art; corn, Jiilt, homy, wax, bnlier, liorles, female flaveH, hid'-s, and fiim, efpecially the tauric laml>ikins, which are in high cAeem. Crimea now forms one of the two provinces of the go- vernment of Catharinciillaf, under the nan e of Taurida. Symphcropol is the capitil Crimmit/i/iau, a town of Upper Sar- ony, in Milnia, with mnnufa d ivcr S.iIrii", Thi* *^ t^i* (or iJ.irtur- r«o n<»" hil« (,r iliicp.arc tiitJl is lilcik liiltry anil (nr » part is lyH ar«' al\o' ihv climate cxtliiiioi* of lich the N dU ;iuKk«l. The uCin'ii to the ;y, iirf \)rinci- ^\^^\ prmluCC tlic p<«rt of ana the har- j marSib.ifto- rbours in the cics of fxport v\ax, bulier, ifs, and furs, .(liins, which loa now forms 8 «if the go- Jal, under the hcropol is the If Uppei' Sax- lniita«iture3 of the Pleile, lo Inn of the fca lid, in Argyle- It R from the Lol'itetheNE 1. It is con- r a canal, call- IniUain in Irc- Wo, near the s |bw Newport. igarloaf, a 666 the i"w> and iniain i" the rno rouiitiry. It oiitiincd iti name from St lUtiicki who fitted hire during I.rnt I And hcncr, «ccordin«{ to ti.(« tlitiiMi. he drove ,ill the vcnonrion* crc** turr* in the kingdom into thi' i°c<(. (>o(ft| to the houli-of Aullria«rxcrut a finill put I, of thf rivir l/niiHi lid)iev.M t> the Turk* t but. m iXcy, tlic Andritn p.ut 5 of th»! liver Save was tranlVrrtd to FrJtii-e. Carlfladt in tlie capital of tht: frrt'ch p.iit, and A^;»am <.f the Aullrian. I'r/ifn, .1 town «»t I uropf an Toi' i y, in Albania, li iti«l near the j;iiJf ot Vt - iiici". t,\ in N K I)iir«r./,o. (.r;(/.f, or ^'roijil. i« town of rnnr-*, in the dipaitnunt <'t' F.owrr I.o'ic, lifted oil the l':'y cil" II fciy, I'-lvvtrn the month') of tlie I.oiri! and VilaiMr, ^•, m w' Nanlcs. Lou. a 3X w, hit- 47 18 N. I'luixt St. a river of N America, which forinH the nk boiiml.iry (.f iIk' Hiiitcd StatiH, and rnnu into tlic bay of l',iiramaquo(.l(!y. iit of the «• ifl, are taken here. Il 13 Ujtrd on til <.irrm.iii 1 cean, ai n\ M tiorwich, and H'lM- l.omlon < romfnr,!, \ \ illajT in Pei bydiire, on thr» river l)«i wi i»t, a m n VVirklwoitli. IFeri' Mr. (al'T'" w.rd lir Rich ntl) Ark- w right created t.unc of th" new cotton mtllr, a capnai lutprovtmt^nt ol'mrcliik* nifin due li> hi n \ ami h' ru nil" hcbuiU a noliic leat. and acLurcb. Tiicrc >» a canal hence to Nottinjjham. ('ton(u/i, a town of I<'i.tnc( nia, in the princip.il.ty of nanihcrj:, near which it H nionntain-loniifs ealUd Kofeiibrrg. It is l< ated near ihc rtvcr Cronacb, 11 m N Cidmb.ith. Crouborg, a Hrong Trrtrcfi of Den- r-nrl , oti the iHc of ','«'.alan<.l, ncir El- linofc, which {jiiari!. tlu- p.dia-e of the Sound. It llands on tht point of a pi iiinliilar promonioiy, opp'-li'f Ilei- (ii'gbiirg in S\vedet\, little norc than a m diffant. in 1658. it was taken by the king of .Svvcdin, and rcll -red in i66o. In tliis toitrtf. is a pal.ice, where fl'.ueii Matilda wan i.nprifotud tdl ihe \v;is pcrnilitcd to rcliri' lo '/ell. Not r.ir from his is Ilamlrt Garden, laid to be thtr (pot where the murder of hiu father was perpetrate. I. i rontnberg, or hronbfrf^, a town of Germany, in the late deflorate of Mcnfz, liMtcd on a mountain, 9 m nw Fr.inkrorl. C/onJliu/t, a loiport and fortrefs of Ruflia, on the illanil of Rctufari, in the pii.f of Finland. Tin' harbour is the ciiief ftation of the Uu'lian Jliet. Here are great magazines of naval llorea, clocks and yards for building ihips, a foiindcry fur cannon balls, and an ex- tfiilive maraic liol'pital. The Man of War's Mule is enclolid by a ftrong rampart, built of granite, in the lea. Peter's Canal, lined with mafonry, \i 1050 fathoms long, of which ,58 ftrctch into the lea ; it is 60 fathoms broad at the bottom and loo at the top, and is 4' >i !r! "Hiti •« ':■ CRO t4 f4lhomt dtrp. At the fnit of the canal ore tw«i pyr.imiit«t < •>tuiiint, with inicriptioni ri?l4itvc tn ihii gri'4( wurk. Thi* town tK'ciipifi tht* »; part of the inandi anil thi* inhnbitrfnti arc i*|li mated lit 60(0v)o> It it ai ni w Petri lbur((. Lun. 19 a6 K, Lit. 5-; 56 n, iroH/frtdtt a town o» Tran(ylv.itii.i. ('r«om, i\ town of Irrl.iiul, In the couiiiy ol Linf>crU:li, on th«- 1 ivrr Maig, ij m »»w I.nirrick. Cropitni, A (own of Naptt.i, hi C*« labri.i Ulira, i) m »m-. Ht. Scvcrino. < '/•«/«/, .1 town of Pul.irul, in the p.il.i' ttii.itcot LriiihriK, iio in wnw l.«'mhcr^'. f-'rojfen, .1 tc(\\ri (»f llrjiidcnhing. m the N«-w iD.nk, r.ipit.il of .1 duchy of the lamr n.iiiir, with a llroni; cilllc. ll i« le.iii.ll .iri the fromirriof Sili-iij, niMr th.' conlhix of the Hober with the Oder, in .1 otiniry ahoiindiii); with wine and liiiit, :i m ^r. 1'i.irikfort. Lon. IS I r, y. Lit. .^i 7 •'«- Cro/'j •/((//, a mrxiiitain iiiCttmhcrland, 8 m fciii. Kirkofwold. Itn rxtrcmf al> titiido is a^oi ft«'t. At dillcrt'iit el«v vatiOiiH there aw two cxti-itfivi- plains; and a tliiid on the rninmitcotitaiiiB dv- ral hutidrcd acrcai covered with niolii and other vegetable prodii^tioim. The virwfrom tl.ihlu'ij^ht compichtiidfiijrcat J J lit ui fix coiiiiticu. A ffw yanli. be- ow thi: I'ummit ib a fpring called the Gentlcmaiii Well. Cretc/ic^, or i'orachie, a town of HindooUaii, and the only good fcaport ill Sindy. It llands at the head uf a bay. which . .ib a narrow and Ihrllow entronce, dcfondcd by a caftle ; but vcIlrU of 400 tons may enter the har- bour at high wattr. The inhabitants are efllmated at 8000, the majority of whom are Hindoos . It has a confiderable trade* being vifitcdby the interior cara- vans ; and the c; iet exports arc rice, glue, hides, (altpettL>, potaih, afafactida, Tatta-cloth, indigo, frankincfiifi*, and coaric cloths. It is 60 m w by n Tatta. Lon. 67 16 t:, lat. 24 51 n. (-'rotenay, a town of France, in the department of Jura, 6 m sk Poligny. Crotona, a feaport of Naples, in Ca- labria Ultra, and a bilhop's lee, with a citadt'l. It has a trade in (:rain, chctfe, oiI,andfilk,and is ii;m se St.Severino. Lon. 17 a; k, lat. 39 9 n. Crotoy, a town of France, in the de- partment of Somme, on the e fide of the mouth of the Somme, 35 m nw Amii-ns. Crouch^ a river in KflTex, which rifcs near Horndon, and enters the German rn IT nenn bttwi-m llinih^m and Pniiln«>rt idjiid. The W.ilfKct and Ilurnh4m oylU'fi arc the pioducit of lit crcvka and piti> ('r»M/l«H4tt a town in LlncolnOiirp, with a markt't on *n 16 1 1 *'ri4t, at 4 JuriMieii «■«', and a '« woody , t'lWII (t.iii.l, f'v> r * Ju ip *>i \S W,l4l _ Ciiit, Sf ^'"1>.|, with "t the bay*) L'*M. Hi J w ' Vw* dt .1 *'iil>a, th< '•I'll' K, lyiiijj li-im.i in iiiilii ^roAii, .itid \ liim. in I \i)i tircly m.i(lcr the native* ; •|'id the war I'mall portion wiiods .ire fot '■•'•If cedars , ♦•iricty and r of the t)tli«'r i *n(l cattle, (h oijj. Tj„.,.j. "kI copper m 'u'-ifts full o '■xccllfiit fug, ^-'I'fia, wild cii nul aloe*, 'i' mi'Mle of til. Iroiii K to vv Hid la gcntT.i cu flow from Havana i.s the yubn, a tov ''JO. 3'^ ni s b , ^'ubai^ua, a "ca, between Tt'rra Fir ma. '509, eftabldh ""■' banks dif, '"■^nd is barrel '0 w, lat. ,0 ^ Uiban, a riv "^^cofthcmoi oftheCaiicalii- '"i? Circaffia frc enters, by i^v 'lack fca and tl tile fouthern I <'npire in this lint) Foti'rt'ft tut UuriihAm vi kt« cr»rki Llncolt»n»irf, y. tlrrtwai [fat nutf , niid |\n'it«, which i- clii«f '• >•'< '^ which .itr i)l' illc ivcr Dun, »H m ^ff-j NNW Lon- t ami town of I county. The l?rtiiil>,i" i73«» into I.aWc Chun. I by th«' lM>Klilh mnicaniin 1775, h the year alter, isftatc It i»')« •fj ai w, Ut. 43 in Suriy, with a It h.i« a» holDi- |ound'-t» by aich. in ihe chuich are ^lic ai«;hbinu)piof [l here an ancient icnatcd Irom the ] :dn>g, and adjoin. now occupied by turen. Thennm- as 5743 >" ';°'' :\\e tunnrntr aluzei [t GuiUllovil alttr- fcated near the .,10ms London. , France, in the ut '{Uiy, ;uiil i« ii. t'li, and .1 Itilhvip'it A'c 'i'h<' eoiiniry It wodtly .iimI iuiitiii(aitu)Ui<| but the town ttiiidi III a tcrtilc v.illi'y, near the rivLT ^iU'iniix, 161) III NN'k IM.itu. Luii. 6j 15 w.Ui. 17 a6 ». Ciiitt St a town on the n fid** of ('nl).i, with II t(o«)d haiboui at th«' head lit the b.iy of M itui/.n, fto m »■ 11 ivana. I. XI). Hi 5 w, lat. a 11 n. <'>iu. ii(f Mil I/O, St. \ I'l'c (iuitlvis. Cuba, the I until illaiid i>l Hie W Iiulii*, lyin^ K of V. l'l>iridj and th<- Id- h.itn.i in.indH. it m 700 m li)ii>; and ilo bri).id, .itid was difcovvrnl l>y Coluin- bu». in I y}i. Tlie Spanianli .ire en- tirely mjlltTH ol it, hiviny? cxtirpat«d the natives t but from their la/inef^t, And the w.mt of handn, only a very fmall portiiiii of land iH cU-.utd. In the woodd j, to tiu" iii/.am of the Dcccaii. It im ij) m NW Madras, Lon. 7H 57 »;, lat. 14 *j s. ('luir.f'ti, a 'own .iiid bailiwic of Swif- ferl.ind, 111 the cautun ot Hum, :i m w Uerii. ('ti*n n, a city of Spain, In New Caltite, uiul a bilhop'a fet? { feated on « high and craggy lull, near the river Xiicar, t)o m i. l)y h M.idrid. Lon. i ij w, lat. 40 10 N. i'luniM, a town and jurifdi^ion of Peru, in ilic province ot Quito. The town is |)()pulou!i, and llluate at the foot of the Cotdiilera mountains, on one of the (Iturces of the Amu/on, 170 m 8 by w Quito. Lon. 78 30 w, Ut. % 56 s. t'utrnavoca, a town of New Spain, in the province of Mexico, leated in a fertile ceuntry, .^5 in s Mexico. Cujaviii, a province of Poland, on the tclt bank of the VilhiU, including the two palatinates of Wladillaw and Brzeic. Wludiflaw is the capital. ('utlli/, a town of Swili'.-rl.md, in the cantt)n of Bern, on the nk fide of the lake of Geneva, U m Esr. Lauf.inne. (■'uUuburvr, a town of Holland, in Geldcrland, on the liviTLcck, 12 m sse Utrecht. CuUacan, a province of New Spain, in the audience of Guadal.ixata ; bound- ed on the n by Cinaloa, e by New Bif- cay, s by Guadalaxara, and w by the ^ulf of California. It abounds with all lorts of fruits, has many fait ponds, and fevcral rich mines. (Juliacan, a town of New Spain, capital of the province of the lame name. The population is eflimated at 10,800. It it) feated on the river Culia* C U M 340 m Nw CuaJ:\(axani. I. on. can IC6 iC! ^» , l;(t- 2.|. 56 N (.'«.7<.'f, a boroufrfi of Scotland, in B.i-ic'<. a town vA' JManc. nia, for- rtitrly tl.t. capi'a! of ,\ ma-^rava'c o'' Jie lltHic i.'rimt-. N^af ill <"' a luoiintain, Itand^ Llic fort-tfs of [*ialii'nl)i;vt:,uiiv'rc thii archives of i\w princii-a'.ty were prc^ri-.-ui, but they were raii,.vid to "ayrcuth in r;?^. From its diilrid llie whole ir.argravate wa;; formerly calicd BraiuJ'-iibnvgCulaibach; !)Ut in 1736, IJM^ gcivcir.niint devolved into another line, aaJ fince tliat time it has been cnilid i-'rardtnbun'-llayrenth. Culmbaeh is feated on tlie Maine, 13 m NN wlijyvciith. Lon, 1 1 36 E,lat- ^oyN. Cu!}/iorc, :\ town of Ireland, in the county oi' L(ir.do:ule;Ty, with a fort at tl;e w jjoint of Lonj^h Foyle, 5 m n by E Lon;',ondeny. Culrofs, a bjiOur;h of Scotland, in Pertliniire, in a diftrift alniolt detached by the Ihircs of Fife and CiacUmannan. Here ib a prineciy abbey, linilt in 1590. It is fitnate on the tide oia ii:ttTi hiil, by the frith of F(;rth, ao i.i s l\;rlh, and zi w:<\\ Edinbur^'. Cumana., a province in the NT part of Terra Firmu, in the goveinmciit of Caraca'S ; bonndtd on the n and v. by the lia, 8 by Paria, and w by Caracas. The chief prodndts are cocoa and to- bacco, bnt it is gifted with every variety of territorial produdlion. The interior is crowned by lofty mountains, and the hijiiitft, Tumerccjuiri, is 5600 feet above the level of ihe fea. In ti:is monntain is the eavtrnof Guachaio, famed among the Indians ; it is immcnte, and feivea as a retreat (o tlionfnidu of noAurnal birds, TvI;ofe fat yields the famous oil of (Juacharo. ( ',v/.v<;;;a, the capital of the province of the lume name, with a fortrefa on an ■mintncp. The inhabitants arc elli- mated at 30,000, and noted for Ciini. mcrcial activity and cnterprile. The tifheri< s ;iie plmtiiul, and ialt being C')nv744 in iDii. The mountains feed large flocks Oi theep, and the valleys produce corn, h:c. Tha; traifls of level land are neither numerous nor extenfive, being chiefly confined to the borders of the rivers and towaid the N coaft. There are mines of coal, lead, copper, iron, lapis caU- minariH, and wad, or black-lead; the latter are near Borrowdale, and almolt peculi.ir to this county. The principal marmiiclnres are cotton and canvas, and tbtre are fonie iron-work?. Skid- daw, Saddleback, and Crofs-fell are the principal nujuntains. The chief rivers are the Eden and Dtivvent ; and its ce- lebrated lakes are Derwent- water, Baf- icnthwaite-watcr, Butttrmere, Cro- mack-water, Lowes-water, Ulls-water, Watt-water, Ennerdale-vvater, _ and Leathcs-water. Carlifle is the capital. Cumbcrlav.dy a river of the United States, which ifll'ues from the Cumber- land mountains, on the borders of Vir- ginia, Hows svv through Kentucky into H St. o.v. Qimbo, a ki Africa, s of Portuguefc hi cheo. Cumhray, 'Hands of Scoi the frith of C of Bute. The ference, hasex ind the ruins to St. Columb tothesofthe iouli;. Lon. , Cumiana, a sw' 1'urin. Cumly, a foi ftanj in Canara »"8 at their e '*ke, *hich is alpitoffand. the s river, is i fo which it w ''%e. It is ,^"par, a bo P'UlofFife/hin coar/e linens an t'f inhabitants \ri^in 18 u. ''Xi on the n of noftvunal c famous oil the provinc* tbrtrcfs on .in iuts arc cS\.[- )tcd for oni- crprile. Tlic id lalt JK'ing ics of fiih arc neighbouring; JB the priuci- ['hia towu WMS eat rarthtpiakc ,n the M;ui/..i- of ihe p-.ilfot in. Lon. 64 i+ )f Ti-rra Firii :i, iinianai at the ) in why a Cu- jf the E Indies, , Florcs, 180 m broad. Ontho nd, is a town of ,1658 E, lat. 8 ity of England, ■ Scotland, e by ham, andWcft- irc, and w by the lith. It 13 58 m ntaining 958,080 five wards, and y and 10 market' members to par- of inhabilaiiti and i33>744 >" ifced large flocks ys produce corn, :\ lai\d are neither ve, being chiefly s of the rivers and There are mines iron, lapis caU- black-lead; the dale, and almolt The principal tton and canvas, ■on-works. Skid- Crols-fell are the The chief rivers went ; and its ce- rwent- water, Bal- uttermere, Cro- vater, UHs-wattr. dale-water, , and fie is the capital- er of the United from the Cumber- h« borders of Vir- ,gh Kentucky uito V CUP the ftate of TcnnelTec, wiicro It pafTes by Nafljville; it then takes a NWcoinii.', rt'-i'nteri Kentucky, and joins the Ohio about la m above the inHux of the TennefTec It i.s navigable for hi(;« vcflels to Nadivillc, and its v-liole length is cftimated to be above ^^,0 m. Lumber landy a town and fort of New Brunlwick, in a county of the lam* name, noted for cn;il mines. The f(irt i'l fituate at the head of the bay of Fundy, on the e fide of its northern branch. Lon. 64 10 w, lat. 45 45 n. Cumberland, .e se of the ille of Bute. The former is 6 m in circum- ference, has excellent freeftone quarries, and the ruins of a cathedral dcdicatecl to St. Columba. I'he latter lies a little to the s of the other, and on it is a light- houie. Lon. 4 47 vv, lat. 55 45 n. Cumiana, a. town of Piedmont, 13 m sw Turin. Cumlt/, a fort and town of Hindoo- ftan, in Cunara, feated between two ri- vers at their entrance into a fait water like, vhich is feparated from the Tea by afpit of fand. On the oppofite fide of the s river, is the town of Kanyapura, to vi/hich it was formerly joined by a bridge. It is 15 m s by f. Mangalore. Cupar, a borough of Scotland, ca- pital of Fifelhire, with manufaftures of coarfe linens and leather. The number of inhabitants was 3150 in tSoi, and 4fs8 in 1 8 u . It is feated in a rich val- Ityi on the n fide of the £dcn, S m w CITS by s St.'Andresv, and no nne Edln- bun?. Lon. a "ii w, Ut. 56 16 N. Cupar, a town <>' •Scotland, in Forfar- flii'.e, w'th a con TkIi.- ruble linen manii- fa.5turc ami a taiinnry. It h fr.ated on a rivulet thnt flows into the Illfi, ii m N\v Dun(!e'.-,aiiil 12 nnik Perth. Curaga:j, an iil.uid in the Caribean Tea, 45 m from the co.ift of Tfrni l'.'*-m>i. It is j5 m long hhJ la bread ; pi!) bices f!i^iir,colicc, .uiJ cott(>i] ; has numi 10113 w.trchoufe^, always full uf the commodities of liurope and the eaft ; and carries on a great trade, wliciher in peace or in war. In 1800, fome French having fettled on part of the ifland, and bi'oming at variance with the Dutch, the lutcr i'urrendered the ifland to a finglc Biitiih frigate. It wa-, reftored to r.ie Dutch by the peace of 1802, and tak^Mi iwwn them by three Britifh fri- gates in 1807. The principal town is St. Peter, at the ne extremity of the illand, with a good harbijur defended by a fort and batteries. Lon. 69 15 w, lat. la 21 N. Curia Maria, an ifland on the coaft of Arabia Felix, oppofite the moulh of the Prim. Lon. ^$ 25 k, lat. 17 o n. Curifch ila[f, a lake or bay of Pruffia, lying along "the Baltic, 70 m in length- It is wide toward the s, but narrow to the N, where it communicates with the Baltic, at Memel. Citrrah, a town of Hindooftan, in Allahabad, on the right bank of the Ganges, 36 m nw Allahabad. Currucdea, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal, on the river Adji, 100 m nw Calcutta. Lon. 86 ao e, lat. 24 25 Nf. Currucpoiir, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal, feated in a mount.'iinous di- ftri(5l, 127 m nw Moorfhedabud. Lon. 86 43 E, lat. ac r n. Curupa, a town of Brafil, in the go- vernment of Para, feated on the cftuary of the Amazon, 350 m w Para. Lon. 53 TO vv, lat. 1 50 s. Curzola, an ifland in the gulf of Ve- nice, on the coaft of Dalmatia, about a6 m long. It abounds in wood, proper for building (hips, and produces good wine. At the e end is a lortified town of the fame name, with a good harbour. Lon. 17 10 E, lat. 43 6 n. Cufco, a city of Peru, and a biftiop's fee, formerly the capital of tlie incas. The Spaniards, under Pizarro, took poffeflion of it in 1534- On a mou* - tain contiguous to the N part of the city are the ruins of a foit and palace of the incas, the ftones of which are of an enormous magnitude. Cufco is built in a fquarc form, in the middle of which -OilV III e:: >■ I- i i'\ C YP 18 the bed market in all Amorica : four large flrcets wliicli :ire pcrfecftly ftrsipht, terminate in thcfqiiarc. It contaiin nine churches, bcRde the cathedral, ivliich \h a noble ftriidure. The number of in- habitants is about 10.000. of which three- fourths are original Americans. Streams of water run through the town, which arc a great convcniency in a country where it fi-idom rains. It is 350 m B by s Lima. Lon. 71 47 w, lat. 13 o s. Cujhaiy a river of N Carolina, which runs into Albemarle Ibund- ^ujjifl, a townjof France, in the de- partment of Allier, 37 m « by e Mou- !ins. Cujhin, a fortified town of Branden- burg, capital of the New m:iik, with a caftle. In 1760, it was bombarded and almoft deftroytd by the Riiflians. It is ieated amid moraflVs, at the conflux of the "'. arta with the Oder, 4('i m e by N Berlin. Lou. 14 52 e, lat. '% 38 N. Cutais, or Aotntis, the chief town of Imcritia, lurrounded by a thick wall with Itrong towers. Here is a palace for the prince, and the remains of a fine cathe- dral. In 1770 it was taken by the Ruf- fians. It is I'eated in a fertile plain, on the river Rioni, loo m www Teflis. Lon. 43 5 E, lat. 4z 3a N. Cutaj/ Malalaiuadi, a town of Hin- dooftan, in Myfore, with a large mud fort, 47 m w Seringapatam. (^utclh a country of Hindooftan, go- verned by a rajah. It lies on the se of Sindy : the e branch of the Indus fepa- rating the two countries, extends alonjr the N coaft of the gulf of Cutch, and is feparated from Guzerat by tlie river Puddar. It abounds with hills, woods, and fandy wilds. The capital is Booge- booge. CuA'haven, a feaport of Lower Sax- ony, ill the duchy of Bremen, at the mouth of the Elbe. Here are only a few hovels and a windmill ; but it was lately the port for the Englilh packets to Hamburg ; and paflengers, while on (hore, v/ere accommodated at Ritzen- buttle, half a mile diftant. Cuxhaven is 60 m Nw Hamburg. Lon. 8 40 e, lat. Si 50 N' Cuyck, a town of Dntcii Brabant, in a fmail territory of the fame name, 6 m BSE Grave. Cyprus, an ifland in the Mediterra- nean, near the coaft of Syria. It was taken by the Turks from the Venetians in 1570. It is 160 m in length, and 70 at its greatcft breadth ; pervaded by a chain of mountains, the higheft of CZ R which ii called Olympus. The foil f» .Ml excellent fertile clay ; and if the jro- vi.rument would jjivc cncouragenif nf to ilie natives to beindullrioiis, they tnii^ht mike it a paradifc; i»r the monntaiiis arc covered with hyacinths, ammonits, and other beautiful flowers. Thechiit" prodiiL^sare apricots, oranges, filk, cut- ton, vyine, honey, turpentine, and tim- her. There is one archbifliop and three bilhops. The priefts are exiremcly \^. norant, and they iiibmittothe molt ftr- vile employment to get money. The collume of the Cyprian lidies confip-s of a hoaddrcfs modelled after the kind of calathm roprclented upon the I'iicni- ciiii idols of the country. Their hair, died of a fine brown colour by means of a plant called Kcuna, hangs behind in numerous Ion;,' llraight braids; and in fome rini;l(tr.,difpo(ed near the f.ice, are faftened hloffoms of the jafmine, (Irung togetlicr in a pleafing manner. Some poflcfs the (t?cret of giving a brown co- lour to the whiti'ft locks, and alfo tinge their eyebrows of the fame hue. The upper robe is of fcarlet, crimfon, or green filk, etnbroidered with gold. Like other Greek women they wear fcarlet pantaloons, faficoed round the ankle, and yellow boots, with flippers of the fame colour. About their waifts they have a broad belt or zone, faftened in front by a large clafp of poliflied brals or mother-of-pearl. They expoie the bofom ; and around the neck, and from the head, arc fufpcnded a profufion of gold coins, chains, and other trinkets. Notwithftanding the pains they ufe in disfiguring their natural beauty by ill- leleifted ornaments, the women of Cy- prus are taller and handfomcr than thole of anyotherGrecian ifland. Hence were poflibly derived thofe celebrated models of female beauty, confpicuous in the works of Grecian artifts ; models feledled from the throng of Cyprian vir- gins, who, as priefteflels of Venus, offi- ciated at the Paphian Ihrinc. Nicofia is the capital. Cyr, St. a village of France, 2 m from Veriailles, celebrated for an abbey found- ed by madame de Maintenon, who was the abbefs till her death in 17 19. Czajlau, a town of Bohemia, cnpital of a circle of the fame name The church has the higheft tower in Bohe- mia. Near this place the king of Prtif- fia gained a vidory over the Auftrians in 1742. It is feated on the Crudenka, 40 m ESE Prague. Lon. 15 24 e, lat. 4950N. Czen/Joioiv, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Cracow, with a fortified convent or Waria, 50 Daier, a tow in a cirJe of it! gard. Dabul, a tow coaft of Concan, andialt; feated ;5 m s by s Bo '«. 17 50 N. l^acca, a city gal, to the Eof 1 Ifie Ganges, bu communicates w It was once the I defended by a / mains of which Irade in muflins, "loft delicate one [ 'n Europe, from The foil if* nd if the pf>- irapenuiit to I, they ini'^Mu e mountains I, ancmoiufs, I. The chill" ges, filkjcut- nc, and tim- lop and tliree cxiiemcly i^;- ithe moil fcr- moncy. 'Iht- lies con fiP- sol' r the kind of n the Pheni- Their hair, ir by means of ngs behind in jruids ; and in \r the fici', are almine, ftrung lAnntT. Some ig a brown co- and alfo tinge ime hue Tht; t, crimfon, or d with gold, len they wear ned round the i, with nippers out their waifts r zone, faftened if polifhed brafs hey expol'e the neck, and from a prof n lion of other trinkets, lina they ufe in 1 beauty by ill- women of Cy- andfomcr than n ifland. Hence lofe celebrated ty, confpicuous artifts; models of Cyprian vir- of Venus, offl- ine. Nicofiais ranee, a m from an abbey found- tenon, who was in i7i9« lohemia, cnpital ne name- The tower in Bohe- ,he king of Pruf- er the Auftrians n the Crudenka, 15 24 F., lat. 3f Poland, in the with a fortified D AC convtnt on a mountain, by the river Warta, /-o m n by w Cracow. (zercnffi, a town of Ruin.i, In the Ukraine, with a cafth', fcaled near the Dnieper, 85 m ^>E Kiof. Lon. 32 ^ t, lal- 49 o N. Cztrne/z, a town of European Tur- key, in Walachia, near the Duuibc, 1 10 m w Bucliorell- Lon. 29 44 E.-lai. 41 aj N. Czernikott, a town of Uiiflia, capital of a duchy of the f.imu name, with a c »ftU'. It is feated on the Del'na, 70 m N by E Kiof. 29 N. Lon. 31 53 E, lat. 51 Czerjkf a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Mnfovia, fcated on the Viftula, 30 m sse Warfaw. (Jzernveniza, a town of Upper Hun- gary, famous for mines of opal, a noble gem not yet difcoveied in any other region of the globe. It is 15 m n Caf- fovia. CzirnitZt a town of Carniol.i, remark- able for its lake, which produces grafs and corn every year. The lake is fiir- rounded by mountains, and in dry fea- fons is from ao *o 25 m in circumfer- ence ; but when full it is 40 m round, and contains feveral iflands, on the largeft of which is a village. When the water fubfides, buckwheat is fown on the dry parts, and becomes ready for the fickle in fix weeks ; and the paftur- age is not hurt by the water if it docs not ftay too long. The town is fituate on the Nw part of the lake, co m s by wLaubach. Czongrodty a town of Hungary, at the conflux of the Ttifie and Kerea, 13 m N Segedin. D. Daber, a town of Hither Pomerania, in a cirJe of its name, 16 m n ^f e Star- gard. Dabul, a town of Hindooftan, on the coaft of Concan, with a trade in pepper and fait ; feated at the mouth of a river, 75 m s by E Bombay. Lon. 73 53 b, lat. 17 50 N. Dacca, a city of Hindooftan, in Ben- gal, to the E of the principal ftream of the Ganges, but on a branch which communicates with the Burrampooter. It was once the capital of IJengal, and defended by a ftrong fortref-;, the re- mains of which appear. It has a vaft trade in mufiins, and manufafturcs the nod delicate ones, lo much fought aficr [in Europe, from the cotton produced D A H In the province. The country round Dacca lies low, and is always covtreil with verdure during the dry months. It i^ 150 in NE Calcutta. Lon. 90 32 e, lut. IT, 42 .V. Dachau, a town of !^ivaria, witl) a palace ; feated on a hill, near the river Amber, 10 m knw Munich. Dachjhnclif a town of Franconia, in the principality of Iiayreuth, 22 m 8 Haml/erg. Dachjiein, a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, with a palace that belonged to the fee of .Straf- burg; fituate on the Bieuch,tJm wStral- burg. Dn/ar, or Dofar,!i feapott of Arabia Felix, governed by a Iheik, who is a Ibvereign prince. It is feated on a bay of the fame name, on the se coaft. Lon. 54 10 K, lat. 17 20 N. Dagliejian, a province of Afia, bound- ed on the .N by Caucafia, t by the Caf- pian fea, s by Schirvan, and w by Georgia. It Is almoll entirely moun- tainous, inhabited chiefly by Tartars, and lubjed to Ruflia. Derbend is the capital. Dagno, a town of European Turkey, in Albania, near the conflux of the Drino and Nero, 13 m se Scutari. Dagoy or Dagao, an ifland in the Baltic, on the coaft of Livonia, 7 m n of the ifle of Oefel. It Is ao h* in circum- ference, and has two caftles, called Da- gerwort and Paden. Lon. sa 56 e, lat. 58 44 N. iJagJborough, a town of Delaware, in Sufltx county, on a branch of Indian river, which enters the ocean to the s of Delaware bay. It is 50 m s by k Dover. Dahl, a river of Sweden, which flows through Dalecarlla and on the s confines of Geftrlcia, and enters the gulf of Bothnia, to the se of Gefle. It is a con- fiderable Itream, but fometimes expands into lakes, and in general too (hallow for the purpofes of navigation. Near Efcarleby, not far from its mouth, it forms a celebrated cataradt, little infe- rior to that of the Rhine at LaufFen. Daliomy, a kingdom of Guinea, to the N of Whidah, fuppofed to reach 180 m inland, though no European has penetrated above lialf the diftancc. The country is fertile, yielding a plen- tiful lupply of farinaceous vegetables and tropical fruits ; alfomdigo, cotton, fugar-cane, tobacco, pa'm oil, and a variety of fpices. The religion of Da- homy confifts of a jumbh- of fupcifti- tious ctrcmonjcs, ol which It is impof. Able to convey any fatisfadtory idea. The government is perhaps the moft HI m i \' \ A •r ' s ■: ? W {\ •'■^m- DAL perfc(Jl" defpotifm in tlio worlil ; for the policy ;i(JmifM oi no inter ncdi.itt tl<(iric of lubordination bftwfen king and (lave, at le.ifl in tin* royal prcfencc, whcro the prime minil>(T proOralcs liimlclf with as niufli Ah}i'd\ tiibmiilion as tin.- nicanvft fiibii(5t. Tlif i*in>i ni.iiniaiiis a conli- Jrrablo ftandinjj aiiiiy, conii;',andv.'d by an ngaow, or jicncral, ;uul otlicr fiibor. dinatc oiilccvs, who nnift hold them- fclvcs in readincfs to takt the field, at the command ot the fovcicipn. On ex- traordinary otcifioits, all the mahs able to bear arms art oblig'-d to repair to the general's Onndard ; every c iboecer marching at the luadof his own people. Sometimes the king takes the tiel(i at the head of iiis tioeps ; r.iid- on vtry great emergencies, at the h( .id of hij women. In the diffiient royai palnces, in Dahomy, are immured nol h Is than 3000 women ; leveral hundreds of whom are trained to arms, under a female general, and other oflicers. 1 lie general chira(5ter of the Daliomans ia marked by a mixinr*^ of ferocity and politenclB : the i\)rm<.'r appears in the treatment of their enemies ; the latter they jioflcis far above the African r>a- tions with whom iinropeaus have hi- therto had any interconrle. The capital* Aboir.y, (lands in Ion. c 5 e, lat. 8 5 n. Dalaca, or Dnhala, an ifland in the Red iea, ner.r the coaft of Abyflinia, 40 m long and 6 broad. It is fertile, popu- lous, and remarkable for a pearl fijhery. The inhabitants are blacks, and great enemies to the Mohamedans. Lon. 40 10 E, lat. 15 44 N. Daiaj!;oa ; lee Delagoa- Dalbeattie, a village of Scotland, la m E by N Kirkcudbright. It (lands near the mouth of the Orr in Solway frith, and has a convenient harbour for fmall vefTelfi. Dalby, a village of Scotland, in Ayr- fhire, 7 ns nnw Irvine. It has a cotton manufadlure, and near it are coal mines, and a fulphureous fpring. Daleburgy a town of Sweden, capital of Dalia, fituate on the sw (ide of Lake VVcnner, 60 m n by E Gothcburg. Lon. II 59 E, lat. 58 35 N. Dalecar/ia, a province of Sweden, in the divifion of Sweden Proper, between Nordland and the mountain.? of Nor- way. It is 270 m long and from 40 to 120 broad. The principal pmdniftions are corn and hemp ; and it contains many foreds, mountains, dales, and lakes, with numerous mines of filver, copper, and iron, and ibme quarries of porphyry. The capital is Fahlun DaUm, a town of the iSetherlands, DAM in the duchy of Limburg, capital of t territory of the failie name. It is fituate on the Bervine, 15 m Nw Limburg. Dalen, a town of France, in the de- partment of Hoc lately of Germany, ill the duchy of Julirrii ; fituate on the Bervint, 15 m nnw Jnliers. Dalia, a province of Sweden, in Gotliland, to the w of Wermcland and Lake Wenner. It is 85 m long and 40 broad. The n part is full of mountains, fortlh, and lakes ; but to the a ii pro- duces corn fnflicient for the inhabitantii. Cattle, fi(h, butter, and chetlc are the chief articles. The capital in Daleburg. Dn'.kiith, a town of Scotland, in Edinbuigihire, with a great market on Thnrfday, for corn and oatmeal. Here is Dalkeith -houfe, the magnificent feat of the dnkt of Buccleugh ; and a little to the s is Ncwbottle-abbcy, an elegant feat of tlie marquis of Lothian, erefled on the file of the ancient abbey. Dal- keith is leatt-d on a ftripof land, between the N and S F(k, 6 ni sk Kdinburg. fhilmatia, a conntry of Europe, for- merly a kingdom ; bounded on the ne by Bofnia and Servia, se by Albania, sw b)r the gulf of Venice, and nw by Croatia. It is divided into Venetian, Turkifli, Ragufan, and Hungarian Dal- matlai and the capitals are Spalatro, Herzegovina, Ragufa, and Segna. The Venetian and Hungarian parts, by the treaty of Prefburg, were annexed to the kingdom of Italy ; the Ragufan ter- ritory was afterward added ; and in 1809 they were transferred to France. See Morlachia- Dalftotif a village in Cumberland, 6 m s by w Carlifle. It (lands on the Caldew,and has various branches of the cotton manufa6lnre. Da/ton, a town in Lancalhire, with A market on Saturday. Here are the remains of an ancient caftle, and near it are the magnificent ruinj of Furnei's abbey. It is feated in a champaign country, not far from the fea, 6 m sw Ulverfton, and 265 nnw London. Damanhtir, a town of Egypt, near the canal of Alexandria, 3» m ese Alex- andria. Damar, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, with a univerfity, 60 m s by b Sana. Damafcus, or Shamy a city of Syria, capital of a Tuvkidi pachalic, and the fee of 3 Greek archbi(hop. The form is an exad fquare, each fide being a mile and a half ; and is fuppofed to contain 180,000 inhabitants, among whom are j great numbers of Chriftians and Jews. It had three walls, now almoft entirely,ruin- edj and of the feveral fuburba which it formerly ^vhich 18 ] flow acroi f"9. whicl P'y the pt T" d info < IJiii/t of Wt ivhcre (he, ""PIC are o iii'ides are 'fmarkalrJe /iirics, xvhic /iipp.,rr(.cl I ronndiiig ^ nftle ly \i\if^ 'wn ftreef, ^ Damafcus ft, Pzine. Tin «"• about ;o, t.'ic mo/l ftat, t'an church. ''"^ city and r, Mch fide of w iorts of rich m wal manufadt among which ) "as been mail f f'W Barada, j, ■io s Aleppo. jo K. J^afnatm,arc Ife conntry of I f 'Jie gulf of , ^ "fged it, aboiJ andiry, with an ™/.'''egarrifon, ?""^camp guaJ /"'wffied thofel pM, (hat they tj m trampled to '"«^"'>jec5l to t\ '°;,Surat. Lon. In /"{' s. Durum, a town of Further Pomera- nia, with a eoiiiiderable trade In (leel manuCaiftuits ; fc'ted on the Oder, 8 m u-;k Stettin. Diii,ii>;e, a town of the N(?tlierlaiids, in Flaiidrrs, (cated on the canal be- twein Sluy:i and llruijes, 5 m n by E I5riiges. IhiNinte, a town nf Holland, in Gro- niiig'i), f.att'd on the Damfter, 14 m Nt Groningcn. Datmctz ; fee Doatlz. J^nitburi/, a town of ConneiSlicnt, in Fairfn-ld county, with two cliuichei. On its (mail (i:rcai?is are iron-works, and (t:ver.il mills. This town, v'th a large quantity of military ftore.*, vv:is burnt by flic Pritiih in 1777. It is co m S'NW Faii field, and 65 nnk Nt;vv \otk. Davhinyt a village in EflH x, 5 m p: Clielmsford, a-.d 16 w of the fa. It ftands on tht. highcft ground in the county, a\ il ihe fpire of the church ferves as a feamark. Danatlif a country in the e part of AbylTinia. The ("oil is unproJuvftive ; and its chief riches confift in fulfil fait and honey. It is governed by a prince nominally tributary to the negus, or emperor of Abyffiuia. Bailur is llic principal town. Daugala \ fee Dongo/a. Danger, IjUs of, three ill mds in the Pacific ocean, feen by Hyron in 1765, but fo furrounded by rocks and break- ers, that it ' -.s unf.ife to attempt to land. The commodore (iippoftd them to be the iflands llvn by Qiiiros, in the beginning of the 17th century, and named Soluinon Ifiands. Lon. 169 i8 w, lat. 10 15 s. LXaunaya.ka, a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Coimbetore, with a large fort, tcated on the Bhawiiri, a little above the influx of the Mayar, 33 mN ('oimbctore, and 42 w Bhawani- kudal. Danntherg, a town of Lower Sax- ony, in the duchy of Luneburg, ca- pital of a diftri(5^ of the fame name, it is fcatcd on the Jetze, near the J^lbe, 30 ni u by s Luneburg. Lon. ii lo £, lat. 53 10 N. Dant%ic, ont of the richeft cities of Europe, lately the capital of WPruflia. It is encompafied by a wall, and fortifi* cations of great extent. The inhabitants are eftimated at 36,000. It has a very good harbour, and wants nothing but depth. The houfes are of fix or leyen i 'I it '<(, ••III 'ki> r 'm , I *t4 I n A R florics ; and tlif granarifn liave ftill int IV, to whicli thf (liipn I'e cIoCc, inil take in their lading. Hen* are iz Luthcnn chuichcs, two f«:r Calvinifls, nnd one for R()moram, a town of Ilind^x ftan, cnpil il of the s part of Coimbetore. Jt has a lirge mud fort, and ftraight and wide fticets. Much c(>tlonainl lohacco arc cultivati'd in the vicinity, and the gardm and lice grounds are confuler. able. It i-^ feated near the Amarawati, 4^ m E 'K ( oimbctore, anil 106 w Tan- joie. Lon. 77 40 K, lat. 1047 N. Dai.'n, a town and fort of Lowfr Hungary, built by the Turks in i6fi«, and taken by the Auftrians the next ye:ir. It is feated near the Dravc, at the end of the bridge of F.flck, 8 tn s Uaruny. DarJnnellfSy twocaftlcsof Tin key, the one, called Seftos, feated in Ko. mania j the other, culled Abydo?, in Natolia. They command the middle 1 and uarrowelt part of the ftrait of Ga|. lipoli. At the latter, the cargoes of all fliips failing from ConOantinople are] fearched. Lon. 26 26 c, lat. 40 i« n. Darempoury , a town of HinciooftanJ in Myfore, 98 m ise Seringiipatam. Lon. 78 24. E, lat. 12 6 N. Darfoor, a kingdom of Africa, on thff borders of Nubia and Negro I mil, go<| vcrned by a chief who calls himkif j'ulT tan, and aflumes the moft exiravaganJ titles. The wild animals are lionsJ leopard.s, hyxnns, wolves, and buffaiosj the domeftic are camels, goats, IheepJ and beeves. Confiderable quantities ol grain of different forti are niilVd, atiif after the tropical rains the fertility il fudden and gnat. The people arc verj barbarous ; confifting of native iribfJ of a deep black comph-xion and woolll hair, though with features difftrcif from thofe of the Negros, and ot Aran of -various tribes. Polygamy is ncj only eftabliflied, but the intercoiirfei the fexes is totally deftitute of dectncj The labours of the field arc left toll] women ; and the houfes, which a of clay covered with thin boards, a| chiefly built by them. Salt is theg| neral medium of commerce hrrr, gold duft is ill many other places Africa. Caravans travel between tH country and Egypt. Cobbe is the pital Darieuy or Terra Flrma Proper}^ province of Terra Firma, lying on coaflsof the Atlantic and Pacific occ3| and particularly didinguiflicd by name of 1 by /bm«' \» m.i. In tl .ibovc son m in the fi b.iy of p.iii V liy the gi mil gulf ol llie Pacific- "cean and which unite Ami rica, is lofty mount, whole «'xt-ni fiflolidity l\j, iif two opp, tiiiis are cov( 'iccr/lible. !c'imate, win 'lliirds of the I ii'len ovt-rfltn' i'l "'any place Itra's, to be , V ■^•mi le name flowi I the Arlautit. n. Tlicrti-- idtUtfH. The ,h\ Muham'- ^iftri' •'" the „ M ,. occo. i)t' HimUu.ftaii, oiniliftorr- U iu\ flraipht and on ami lobicco cinity, and the d» arc conlukr- th« AiTiarawati. ami loGwTan. it. 10 47 N; 1 fort of I-ovvcr • Turks in 16P.6. uftrians the ntxt ar thf Dravc. at of Efl'cW, b m! I) A U name "f th** KUimiis of Darlcn, and, bv Ibm"' ^v»itclll. ihc Irthrniib of Pari.i- nii. In thi* narrowi'ft part it Ih not ibovc 50 m brond ; and It extends ,360 the form of a crtfcent, round the pt. Cobbe IS the rra Firma Prefer ^ lying on' ti Firma and Pacific occa' mm b,»y of I'.inama ; being hounded on the N liy ihr j;nlf of Mexico, K by the river ,ind pulf ol Darien, s by Pnpayan and [he Pacific ocean, and w l»y the famt* ocean and Virapuii. This ifHiniiis, which unitett the loiuinents of N nnd S Amrrica, is ftren^rthrnrd by a cliain of lofty moiintainn, Itretching through its whole «'xt> nt, which rendt-r it a barritr of lolidity fiifllci>.nt to refifl the impuifi- of two oppolitf occiins Thi? nioiui- uins .ire covered with forcfls alrriwft iii- icctiribie. The valleys in thi« inoift c'imate. where it vainif' during two- thirds of the year, am marfliy, and fo cftcn overflowed, that the inhahitantK, ill many places, build their houfcs upon tM'8, to be elevated from the damp foil, and the odious reptiles engendered inihe putrid waters. The natives go tiakeil ; and the men have a filver plate fiftined to their nofe, which hangs over fair mouths, in the Ihapo of a half- moon: the women have a ring hanginjj iown in the fame manner; and they lavealfo feveral chains of teeth, (liells, bds, and the like, hanging from thi; jfdto the pit of the (lomach. Their loufes are moftly thin and feattered, jnil always by the fide of a river, with plantations lying about them. The M clear the plantations, and the somen cultivate them. The girls are fliploytd in picking and fpinning cot-^ loii, which the women weave, and the tloths are chiefly ufed for hammocks. Ills the bufinefs of the men to make hIketB, which they do very neatly with canes, reed.9, or palmeto leaves died of larious colours. Each man has li:veral [mes, who live together in great har- mony. They are fond of dancing to pe found of a pipe and drum, and play [ircat many antic tricks. When they lout to hunt, the women carry in ilitivbalkets plantains, ban;'.nas, yams, liatofs, and caflTava-roots ready roaft- They have no diftindlion of days or teks, but reckon tlieir time by the urfeof the moon. The animals mc lefame as in other countries of the e climate. The principal towns are 'anama and Porto Bello. iiarien, a river and gulf of Terra nna, which divide the provinces of 'iiienand Carthage na. ^ar'uti. a town of the ftate of Geor- in Liberty county, feated on the branch of the Alatamaha, nut far DA II from its mouth, and 47 m sw Savanna. Lon. 81 17 w, lat. \\ z), n. Diirlinjftnn, .\ town in the County of Diiih.ini.' with a market on Monday. Here are manufactures of huckabacks, camlet.s, (mall w.ireH of the Manchellcr kind, and leutlier ; a!l\) a curious water machine lor grinding optical i^lalTes, and another for fpinning Imcn yarn, tht; invention of a native. The number of iiihahitantH was 4670 in iHoi, and 5059 in 181 1. It is Itated on the Skerne, 19 TO » Duihani, and a + i N by w London, l-on. I a; w, lat. 54 3a N. DeirmjJntIt, a town of Germany, capital of the upper county tJ lltad, a cipe on tl>c s ojfl: ot England, in Cornwall, botwct-n it, Maws and Fowry. Deal, a town in Kent, with a market fflThurfday. It is ft-ated bctwci-n the N',incl S Foreland, and is a member of •lie cinque port of Sandwich, govcrnrd lya mayor. No manufaiJlurr is carried inhere, and it chiefly di'pcn^.jon the Uirt of fcafaring men. It has no har- Lr, but the f(;a between the Ihon; and lilmGcKlwin Sands, called iheDown^, is ncr. where it expands into a long arm of the German ocean, a [to the N of Harwich. mhaniy a town in Suffolk, with a t on Friday, feated on the fide of Uear the fource of the Deben, 24 [Btiry St. Edmund, and 83 nb Lon- wuzin, a town of Upper Hun- I capital of a diftridt of the fame D ED name. It \?n8 taken by the Turks ia 1684. and tiir Au(trian two If n. .htm in 1(1 ftate of Ni'w Yoik. In it« c iirli it parates Pennlylvania from N>nv Yoij and Nrw Jerfey ; and, a few ttnliH bi low Philadelptiia, the Itate of Deiauaj from New .lerfey, till it enter ilu- !■ of Delaware buy, a few miles hvV Sulcm At I'liiladclphia it h;iii a I'll ficient depth of water for a 74 A lhi|); iu tiavi,rable thence fur nuoj up to thi tails at IVeiUon ; aiu!|| boats, that carry eight or ten tori8,| m higher. Delaware Hay, a bay of the \}wi StatcN, bctw< en the (lates of DchwJ and New Jerfey. It is 60 in loj from Cape llenlopcn to the cntraiic the nvet Delaware at Bombay-ho and from 10 10 30 broad It opens il the Atlantic, b'-twcen Cape Ht;nli| on the s. andCipcMay on the n,\v1| arc so m apart On the former ' lighth^iife. Lon. 75 9 w, lat. 38 4| Dt'lebio, a town of Swiflreriaiid Valteli'v , on a fmall river that runs j the Adda, 5 m Nw Morbegno. Delft, a town of S Holland, built, with canals in the Itreets, phi on each fide with trees- Htre aref cnurches, in one of which is thi't| of William 1, prince of Orange, was afTaflinated. It has a fine aril and a corliderable manufa^url earthen ware. Delft is the birtlif of the renowned Grotius. It is fl ontheSchie, 8 m nw Rotterdam! Delft/haven, a fortified townf Holland, jn the n fide of the iM with a canal to Delft. It is bel( DP. L RottfnI.im and Schiedam, n tt $ m from iMoh. Dlftuifl, h town Htul forfrofi of IIoU land, til (ironiiiK'* ti, with a ^'xxl !i,ir- hour. 1 1 i.i UMtrd on the DimfN-r, at itBininncr iniofhc clhiaiy .iMlic l'!in«, urn *v hy s Jiind'M. h m 6 a, lat. (H iH N. lielhi, A pi*i»vini'i* nf fliiuli) .fttti, bt»mi'h''l on 'he n >.v hy I/i|| ,rf, ni. hy Si"in:iKiif, h hv the K-liilhi coiiniry, » by <\Kn, ind ^ hy Moii'tan Hiving; been H>i' fi'if of cnnriiuiil w;ir* for jliovt ^10 y«'ars. it i* ihioit ihp ipiil.u- f(l : and i traiJl of coiintiy itut pof- fefl* « «'\.ry alymMgi' that can hede- riv. d Irirn U'tnrf, coiitjiin ihc nio(k mil'''rd)lf of iiihaUiiaiiU. It ix now all ih.it rrmiins to the gn-ai mogul uf his once ••x'nilivc empire. Uflhi^ thi- cMpital of the province of the Tunc nami'. Ft Is ihr nominal ci- pii^l oi .ill Ilindooft.iii, and wal:i6tii- ally li) iluiinx the >freat«!fl part of the tiinr li ci' thf Mohameilan onqiiilt. In 17.18, whi-n Nulir ShiU iiivailcd Hinduoitan, hi- entrrcil Dflhi, and dii'.idtul w»if the iivillUcrcs and famine thit tollowcil : 100,000 of the inhabit- ants p.rifh'il by ih«' fword; and plnn- dtT to till' iiinoiint of ^^, 000, cool, (ler- ling was faid to In c llci^fd. The f.ime ciinmiiies wcrf cndiirtd in 1761, on the inv.ilion of Ahdalla, king of Canilaliar. Ill iH\i, the Mahrattas, aided by the French, ^ni poflTi'lTion of this place ; but thry w re a'terward defeated here by lener.d Lak--, and the aped Shah Au- um, emperor of Ilndoolbn, was re- Ion d to his throne. Delhi may be aid to be n.iw in ruin'j ; but there are many fplendid remains of palaces with baths ot" marlile. The grand moftjue is amagnificrnt edifice of murble and red frcefione, with high minarets, and domes richly gilt. It is feated on the Jumna, 350 m Nvr Allahabad. Lon. 7740 K, lat. a8 37 N. De/itz, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, withaconfiderable manufacture of worfted ftockings, 15 m n by E Lcipzic. Tiellamcottn, a fortrefti of the country of Hootan, which commands the piin- cipal pafs over the mountains. It was taken by ftorin in 1773, by a detach- ment under captain John Jones. It is iSm sswTafTafudon, and aoo n Moor- Ihedabad. Lon. 8H 46 1^:, lat. 17 a n. Delmenhorjii a town of Weftphalia, fapitil of a diftri<5t, in the duchy of Oldenburg. It is feated on the Oelm, »car the Wefer, 8 m sw Bremen. Delosi or Dili, an ifland of the Archi- DEM pMrtgn, formerly ctlelifated for the tern, pie* of Diai.aand Apollo, whofc birth* pl.icr it ii laid to bf. It it « m in circumference, hut now htllc nior« ih.ui a defrrt rock, covered vviih riiiiu, and uninhabited. Lon. 15 la r, l.nt. 37 «H N. i),,'/t/ii, or Dtlphoi, .1 town of Euro- pean Turkey, in lavadia. once fam )Ui tor tile nr.icic of Ap.tllo, wl ich pc»pl<* c.ime fioin all parts to conlult It i« fe.itrd in a valli y, mar Mount Parn.d- fuK, iH m w>w Livailn. Dr/jk-rif. a toA-n ol' SwilHrland. in the late liilhopiic rtwrcM Ihr iMiMittts of the Nile and the Melilerriiiean ; Co called from its triangular form, rtlvnd>lmg the Oreck letter of that name. The lame term ii fre(|iMMit y applied to the mouths of the CJaiii^je'j, the Indus, and other large nveri. Ih /I'/uo, n town of luiropean Turkey, in A!h.iiiia, withacillie. It is th«- rc- HdiiiLe of a p.ichi; under that of Janina, and Hand:' on an eminence, fur* rounded by advantagcoua military lta« tions, 24 in wnw Janina. lyembea, a C(udider;ible lake of Abyf* finia, in a province of the (aivv name, in the w part of the empire. It is fup- pcfcd to be 4io in in circumference, and contains many iflands, one of which is a place of confinement fur Itate prU foneri. Demerarat a Dutch fettlement in Guayana, on a river of the fame name, contiguous to IlFequibo. The river it a m wide at its mouth, defended by a fort oil the ic bank, and navigable upward of aoo m. The countiy pro- ducts coffee, fiigarcanes, and tht fiiieft kinds of wood. It v' as taken by the Knglith in ij^t, rcdored in i8oa. and taken again in i8«3. This fettlement and that of Iflequibo form one govern- ment, and the capital is Starbrock. Ddmiaujkoi, a town of Siberia, in the government 1 f Tobolflc, leated on the Irtydi, at the influx of the Demian* ka, 100 m NNE Tobolfk Demniin, a town of Hither Pomer.i- nia, lituate among morsfTes, on the rivt-r Feene, 16 m .'^w Gripfwald. Demona, ;; town and f»Tt of Pied- mont, on the river Store. 10 m sw Coni. Demotica, or Dimotuc, a town of European Turkey, in Romania, where a Greek archbilhoprefidcs. It was the relidence of Charles xii for fome years; andisfituate near the Marittlh, nm 8 Adriauople. 1 1 il i^'i. 4, J ^i''i|::t«i 1.^ ' I' -. M^'i H/Haiii, a vill«KC ut' l-Mncci in the ilcp.irtm( lit of Noril, wlirre a victory W.4* |t.iinevl over prince KagciPi by m.ir(li.il Villari, l.» 171 J l« •» fp*teJ on ihf Srfultlt. lat. URN l'>tmrt% A ftaport uf Hp4in, In VaI oil. The entrance into the harbour It ditTiculi, and the chitf trade I* in corn, .dmonits, and railins. It (lands at thn foot of a mountain, 47 m nk Alicmt. Lon. o 1 »:, Lit. .jH ',0 **' Drnmark, a kingtlom of Kurope; bounded on thf x by the Hdtic iica, w aiul H by the iut.uj, and s by Ocrm.iny. Thi'fountry i» gcnrraliy fl.if, ami the Ibil lUndy. The air is renaK"e. Il royally, ih, wi-re all dejl 'own was c ifated on 1 Vine, t, in I nr, (brmiTJ ^ m N N « I al»l<' for Its fi yard and do calln! Deptf wich. It i, lid Lower I riih ehiirchn i' an hi'lpit, vin, called' .Strond. Th Houfe hohl 'lofpital, an^ times, to rnc( fx'fpital cont.i modern druol Trinity Hoiu tlnll' arc for « i)t /hips, or tl ^i^iiidfome nu '"I'd, in tKoi bitants ! i'vr ( pfrbend, tl '^'itli a fort o 3"d a haven 'lands on the I •ind is (urrouii The inhabitai Tartars, and tijs. (ince i;^ thcRufTian!. '"'I I do K Tc: 4i 5 ^■. ^^oby, a b( ^<.il»yfliire, j:o 'market on I'r D'Twent, over •I'lilabrook rut 'ier leveral don canal (o the Tr< of which All S, w its beautifi machine was m Lorn be for the tlif model of w Ja'y J and it w, f"Kland. Deri 'fable oianufai , In WikWn* hailt(i\ir it : It iit corn, ;.»mU i»t Ihn IK AUcant. if Europe. [\\\\C (c arc idle, dirty, lumbrr of fouls k and Jutland } in the duchy [id 150,00-5 i to ,. the duchy of lie whole num- [than a,i40.o""' arifc from the . computed at he harbours of latcdforttado; its arc eftabliih- fw In pcnhagen is the DRR Il<>ncdi6in(i, to which the town ow(*ii Iti rife, hai thi* ippMraocc of a pnUcr. llfH' ii An iitcifnt and maRnlrtcrnt church, in whicli wtro llu* lomln of in.iny of the I'ltiuh kiti|p ; .irul in the iriMriiry, «miMii; «ithcr curioliiii-i th<* iworda of 8t. I.mxii und the M.iid of Oilcm*, and the foeptn; of ("harle- iii.it;nc. In 179 1, >ilt«*r the abolition of loyally, ilir roy.il tomhi in the church were all dt'droyed \ untl the ii.im<* of the rown w.i« ch.in);«'d to iMMiiciadr. it la icated on the river i rould, near the Seiiip, s in N l*ari«. Dft/ftir, .itownof IlindooOan, in Re- r^r, ftnmirly thr iTlidcncc <»f a r.y.ih, 05 m NN»\ N.H;pour. iiff>tfoi',l, .1 town in Kent, confider- ablc tor Its line dock*, and for tho kiii)(H- yard niul Iton-houfes. It wan anciently calh'd Dtptforil Strond, or Well Ort-ni- vvii'h. It in now divided into Upp>lpit.il, incorporated by Ilriiry VIM, calltdM'riiiity ilourc of Ueptfonl Strond. Tlie brcthii-n of the Trinity Houfe lioKl their corporation by this hofpital, and ar« obligrd, at certain times, to meet hen; for btilinerii. This hofpital contains 2 1 hoiifcti ; and a more modern AruCturo, and a finer one, called Trinity Hofpital, ciintains .^8. Both thili* are for decayed piloib. or readers of Ihips, or their widows, who have a liandlome nunithly allowancf. Dept- lord, in iKoi, contained 17,540 inha* bitaiits: i'vv iireen,ai. l^creham, \ town in Norfolk, with a market on i'lidiy. The churcli is a very ancient (truc^birc, with four chapels, and a curious ilone font. It is 16 mw Norwich, and 101 nnk London, Jifrenburi^f a town ol Lower S ixoiiy, in the pi incipality of llalberdadt, 6 tn wsw H.ili)er(tadt. Derkus, a town of Europcin Turkey, in Romania, on the coall of the Ulack fea, 30m NNW Conllantinople. Dfrnoy a leaport of Barbary, capital of Barca, and the relideiice of a fangiac, with a caftle. It is feated in a fertile country, on the w fide of a bay of the Mediterranean, which afi'ords good anchorage for the largeft veirds, but is expofed to the ke winds. ^During the i I irfmorsble cnnipaii'ii in Epypt. the Brit'ili fli »t nrfivnl Ciipplifs from this place. Lon. ,2t /i6 k, lat. 3246 n. De-rnis, or Derni/c/i, a town and for- tnlij of D^ilmutia, en a mountain, near the riv«r Ktrka. |H rn n Scbcnico. Deroir^ u town of Egypt, with a grand H'mple. on an ific formed by the c^nal from Cairo 10 Rofctta, 50m nnw Cairo. J>V/// , fee Dorpt Hcrry \ fee Londonderry, iJer-iuent, a river in Derbyfhire, which iifcsin the Peak, flows s th > a^^h thi* middle of the county, by D« rl>y, and joins the Trent, on the burtleis of Lei- cefttrlhire. Der-vcnt, a river in Yorkfliire, which rlfes in the n riding, flow* by Mahon, and joins the Oiife, near H iwden. Derivent, u river in Durh.im, which forms, for Ibme fpace, the boundary between that county and Northumber- land, and joins the Tync, ..hove New. caftle. Derivent, a river n Cumberland, which flows N through tlu; lakes of Dcrwcnt-water and Bairenthwaite '."a- ter, and then runs w by Cockermouth, into tiic IriOi feu, near Workington. D<^au<■«^r. The weftern par- abounds with game, efpccially har^s, ph^.afttits, and woodcocks; and here in a hit d fo very fmall, that it is reputn'. a hiimmin;j;- bird, and like that conftniifls its ncft Oii the extreme branches of trees. Devon- fliirc was formerly more celebrated for its m" les than oven Cornwall ; and al- though the latter has nearly monopo- lized the trade, the ftannary laws in fome degree re:nain in force. Here aie veins of loadftone ; likewife quarries of good ftoiic add (late, great quantities of whieii are exported. In the sw parts arc much marble, and in many places marble rocks are the bafis of the high road. The principil rivers are the Tamar, Taw.'lorridgc, Ex, Teign,and Dart. Exeter is thccipital. L)euprag, a town of Tibet, in the country of Siniagur, feated at the con- flux of the Allaknandara with the Gan- ges, 23ms Sirinagur. Deux Fonts, or Zt Erzc- rum- Diarbek, or Diarbelir, a province of A(i:itic Turkey, between the Tigris and Euphrates; iHnimled on the n by Ar- menia, Eby Kurdiftan, s by Irak, and \v by Syria and Roiirn. It wa» the ancient Mcfopot.imia, and is fometimen called Al(;e/,ira. The country is exeeedingly mountainous; but is intctfpci fed with fcriile vallies, whicli yield corn, wine, oil, fruit, .inu all the neccflaries of life in abundance. D'tarbekir, a cityof Afiatic Turkey, capital of the province of Diarbek. It is the ancient Amida. and furrounded by a prodigious wall of bi ick ftonc, built by the Romans. T'he callle is alfo fur- rounded by a (trong wall, including many handfone buildings, where the pacha and his ollicers refide. The Turks are more aff.tble here than in other pUces, with rtgard to the Chrifti- ans, who are ab.^ve 20,000 in number. It has a urc It trade iu red Turkey lea- ther, and maiiutaftures of cotton, filk, copper, and iron. It is feated on the Tigris, 180 m ne Aleppo. Lon. 39 $z E, lat. 3756 N. Die, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Drome, latc'y an epifcopal fee. It is feated on the river Drome, 24 m se Valence. Dieburg, a town of Germany, in the late eledorate of Mentz, 10 m aw .Nf- chatfenburg. Oiego, St. a town on the coaft of New Albion, capital of a jurifdidlion of its name. The European olive flou- riflics in its vicinity, from which good oil is made. The port affords excel- lent anchorage. Lon. 117 j8 w, lat. 32 40 N. Ditkircli, a town of the Netherlands, in the duchy of Luxemburg, fituate on the Semoy, 18 m n Luxemburg. DiepholtZi a town and caftle of Weftphalia, capital of a county of the fame name. It has maniitadtures of coarfe woollen and linen cloth, and ftands on the river Hunte, near the lake Dummer, 30 m nw Minden. Lon. 8 28 E, lat. 52 36 N. Dieppe, a feaport of France, in the department of Lower Seine, with a good harbour formed by the mouth of the river Arques, an old caftle, and two piers. The principal trade confiftsJ i « DIJ fifh, ivory, toys, and laccfl. It was bombarded by the Englifli in 1694, and is not fo confidcrable as formerly. It is 30 m N Roufn, and 13a nw Paris. Lon. I 4 K, lat. 49 56 N. liierdorf, a town of Weftphalia. ca- pital of the upp»;r conniy of Wied, with a caille. It is fltuaie on the Wied« bach, 10 m nnw Coblcntz. Diernjlein, a town of Auftria, with an Auguftine convent, and the ruins of a caftle, in which Richard i of England was imprifoned. It is leated on the- Danube, 7 m ne St Polten. Die/en, a town of Bavaria, on the w fide of the lake Ammerfee, 10 m 8e Landfbrrg. Drrfenhofent a town of SwiflTerland, in TIjurgau, feated on the RhinC) 5 m s SchaJThaufen. Diefty a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, with confiderable manufac- tures of cloth, Rockings, &c. feated on the Domer, 16 m ne Louvain. JJietz, a town of Germany, in Weft- erwald, capital of a county of the fame name, with a ftrong cattle. It is fubjedt to the prince of NalTau-Dietz, and leat- ed on the Lahn, 24 tn wsw Wctzlar. Lon. 7 53 E, lat. 50 20 N. Dieuze, a town of France, in the de- partment of Meurthe, with wells of wa- ter that produce much fait. It is feated on the Seille, 22 m ne Nancy. -0/V«, St. a town of France, in the department of Vofges- It had lately a celebrated chapter, whole canons were obliged to produce proofs of nobility. It is feated qu the Meurthe, 30 m sb Luneville. J^ijs^/iton, a. town of Maflachufets, in Briftol county, fituate near Taunton river, 7 m ssw Taunton. Dignant, a town of Iftria, 3 m from the ^nlf or Venice, and 45 s Triefte. Digne, a town of France, capital of the department of Lower Alps, and a bifliop's ll-e. It is famous for its hot baths, and icatca on the Kleone, 30 m 3 by w i^mbrun. Lon. 6 16 e, lat. 44 10 N. Dijon, a city of France, lately an archhifliipvic, but now a hifhopric, and capit il of the de;jartment of Cote d'Or. 'i'iu' publi(! ftrudiiros, and particularly the chuichi^s, are vtry. fine. In front of the Palace Royalc, is the ancient palace of the dukes of ISurgundy ; and at the K'ftes of Dijon is a ch.utreufe, in whiciiiomeofthofc princes are interred. Dijon is leated in a plealant plain, which produces excellent wine, between two fmall rivers, 48 m ne Autun. Lon. 5 a E> ht. 47 19 N. DI N Dill •, fee Dclos. Dillm, a mountain of Hindooftan, on the coatt of Tellicherry, ao m n by w Tellicherry. Dillrtnburfr, a town of Germany, in Wi'fterwald, c.»pi;al of a county of the fame name, rich in mines of copper and iron, it has a fortrefs, on a mountain, the, ulual refidcncc of the prince of NaflauDillenburg; and is feated on the Dillen, 14 m nnw Wetzlar. Lon. ft 'y i:, Idt JO 42 N. DiUengen, a town of Suabia, with a catholic unirerfity, feated on the Da- nube, 17 m nw Augfburg. Dimotuc, a town of European Tur- key, in Romania, and a Greek arch- bifhop's fee ; feated on a mountain, fur- rounded by the Meriza, 12 m sw Adrianople. Dinagepour, a town of Hindooftan, capital of a diftridt in Bengal; feated near the w branch of the Teefta, 102 m N by E Moorfliedabad. Lou. 88 45 e, lat. 2536 N. Dinant, a town of France, in the de- partment of Cores du Nord, feated on a craggy mountain) by the river Hance> 20 m s St. Malo. Dinant, a town of the Netherlands, in the territory of Liege, with a caftle, and eight churches. The chief trade is in leather, and in the vicinity are quar- ries of marble and mines of iron. It is feated near the Meufe, 15 m ssE Na« mur> and 44 sw Liege. Dinafmouthy, a town of Wales, in Merioneihlhire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It ftands at the foot of a high precipice, on the river Dyii, 18 m s by w Bala, and 196 NW London. Dindigulf a province of the peninfula of Hindoottan, 86 m long and 40 broad, lying between Coimbetore and Travan- core, and chiefly fertile in rice. On the defeat of Tippoo in 1 799 it became liib- je n the de- feated on er Kance, therlandSf I a caftie, •f trade is larc quar- on. It is ssE Na« Vates, in mayor, t ftands on the and 196 penlnfula .0 broad, Travan- Onthc :ame lub- oftan, ca* •ne name, is 40 m imbetorc ■la, feated mt. gh of Ire- ?y. The corn, and ;ad of an bay, 28 , lat. 51 )tland, in is manu DIX fadured here ; and there is a lintmlll in the nt'ighhourhood, and a produ(5live falnion fiftitry in the river Coitan. It is leatfd at the heaci of the frith of Cro- njarty, 18 m wsw Tain, and 18 nw In- VL'rni'f3. Lon. 4 14 vv.lat. 5744 n. Dinkelfftlt a town of Snabi.i, with a foundation of Teutonic knights, ami a .trade in cloth and reaping-hooks ; f(?at- ed on the Wcrnitz, 18 m nnw Hor- lingen. Dirfchau, a fortified town of W Pruflla, feated on the Viftula, 9 m w Marienburg. Difentii, a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Grifons, with an abbey founded in the feventh century ; fitua'e near the fourccs of the Rhine, 10 m ssw Ilantz. Dijhley, a village in Leicefterfhlre, a m NW Loughborongh, rendered fa- mous by a native grazier and farmer, Robert Bake well (who died in 1795) from his fuccefsful experiments and pradices in the improvement of live ftock. Difmal Swamp, a marfliy tra«5t of the United States, on the coaft of N Caro- lina, 50 m long and 30 broad, entirely covered with trees, brufliwood, and reeds. It occupies the whole country between Albemarle found and Famlico iound. Dt/s, a town in Norfolk, with a mar- ket on Friday, and ir.anuf;S(Jtures of canvas and hole ; feated on the fide of a hill, by the river Waveney, 19 m s Norwich, and 86 nne London. DjIJen, or TiJ/et:, a town of Weft- phalia, in the principality of Ofuaburg, noted for falt-works, 16 m se Olha- burg. Diftington, a village in Cumberland, 4 m N by E Whitehaven A great quantity of lime is burni here, and fcnt to Harrington and Whitehaven for ex- portation. Diui an ifland of Hindooftan, 3 m long and a mile broad, making the s point of Guzerat, at the entrance .if the gulf of Cambay, On it is a fortified town of the fame name, built of free- ftone and marble ; and it contains fome fine churches, ere<5ted by the Portu- guefe, about the time they took poflef- fion of the ifland in 1515. The trnde of the town, once lo important, isalmoft entirely removed to Surat. It is 1 80 m w by s Surat, and 300 nw Bombay. Lon. 70 5 E, lat. lo 45 V. DtjeaNt a town of Abyfliinia, in Tigre, feated on the top of a conical hill, and inhabited by Moors and Chriftians. DOG Their chief trade is ftcaling c. Ulren, and carrying them to a market ' Ma- lliah, whence they arc Omt to Ar liii or India. It is 34 m s Maluah. OixiJiuele,^ fortified town of the Ne- therlands, in Flandtrs, celebrated tor ita excelU'iitcheefe and bnttrr. It is feaied on the Ypcr, 13 m n Ypres. Dixwr^ St. a town of France, in the department of Upper Manic, feated on the Marne, 13 m nnk, Joinvilli-. Dnieper^ anciently the Boriftiiciics, a large river of RulFia, which rifes in thf government of Tver, pafles by Snio- lenflc, Mohilcf, Rohaczow, Kiof, Kry- low, and Cherfm, and enters the Black fea near Oczakof ; but its fandy elluary willfeldnm admit large vefleis. I'lirougli its whole courfe, of above hoo m, its na- vigation is only once interruptetl by a feries of cataradts, which bigin below the influx of the Samara, and continne for above 40 m ; but thefe have been fo much reduced, that they can at all times be paflTi'd by loaded barka, except in fea- fons of grcAt drought. Dniejhr, a riv<'r, the ancient Tyras, which rifns in Galicia, in Auftrian Po- land, and flows to Chockzim, dividing Podolia from Moldavia ; it then pafles by Bender, feparating Bcflarbia from the Ruflian government of Catharincn- flaf, and enters the Black fea, at Aker- man. Dobeliriy a town of Courland, ao m sw Mittau. Dobrzin, a town of Poland,- in the palatinate of Ploczko, feated on a rock, near the Viftula, 14 m nw Ploczko liockum, a town of Holland, in W Friefland, rear the mouth of the rivtr Ee, 10 m NE Lewarden. Dodbrookt a town in Dovonfliire, with a market every third Wednefday. and noted as being the firlt place where white ale was brewed. It ftands on the Salcomb, by which it is parted from Kinglbridge, 208 m wsw London. Doel, a town of the Netherlands, in Flanders, on the river Scheldt, op[)ofitc Lillo, 7 m NW Antwerp. Doejhurg, a town of Holland, in Gel- derland. Ij; has been often taken ; and the rcdudlion of it, in 1586, was the firll exploit of the Englifn forces Tent by queen Elifabtth to the afl:(bince of the Dutch. It is feated on the Yflel, 10 m bswZutphcn. Dofar ; fee Dafar. Dogadty a province of Italy, in th.-? duchy of Venice, in which is the capital . It is bounded en the e by the gulf of Venice, s by tolcfino, w by Paduano, '»' (i I ■C M M '■ -. t t'fe w 'fV5' DOM and N by Trevii",, Ncyba, Yuna, Ozama, and Nifao. The Spaniard!) hud poflef- fiori of the whole ifland for 120 years ; in the Prft fifteen of which they reduced at lead a million of inh litanis to ^10,000. They were afterv... /d forced to divide the ifland with the French, who had the w part, but not equal to one third ; and the Spaniards retained the E, which is the nioft fruitful. This joint pofleflinn continued till 1795, when the S^janiards ceded their part to the French Since the revolution in France this ifland has been fubjedt to great calamities. In 1791 an infurrcc- tion began in the French part, and in a Hiort time not lefs than ioo,coo blacks were in arms ; the manufaiJlures and plantations appeared as one general con- flagration, and the plains and moun- tains were covered with carnage and blood. An African by birth, named Touflaiiit, was afterward inverted with the command of the blacks and mu- lattos. In 1802 the French fcnt an ad- ditional force, and after fcveral encoun- ters the negro chief was induced to ac- cept of apparently favorable terms ; but foitn after he was perfidioufly feized, and fent in irons to France, where he perifliid in a dunpeon. Two other blat'l^ chiefs, Deflalines and Chriftophe, faved themfelves by flight ; the natives again flew to arms; and the French troops fell vidims to the climate. Def- falines fucceeded to the authority of TouflTaint, and in 1804 cauled hirnfclf to be proclaimed emperor of Hayti. In 1806 the chiefs begun to war againft each other, and the black emperor was killed. Chrinophe was eleded chief in his place; and in iKii was crowned king of Hayti. He is in poflcfllon of the town and harbour of .S:. Nicholas, and has long been in a (late ot warfare with other chiefs, particulaily Pethion, who is poflefled of Port au Prince. In 1809, the Spaniards, aided by the Bri- tiib> finally expelled the French from ed it in forces, at 23,000 were far w, lat. i5 Domini Caribee lies abou loupe anc and 13 I Englifii ii by the j took it in and in 17 attempt, landed w foners. t rem en do foil is thii rearing fides of the VV In plied wit t^harlotte Domini of the Fac fas. Lon Hiinin^ U O M the h part of this idjind, and roiaincd tlu'ir ancient capital. St. Doniinjjo lies hftwceii J.im lica to the w, and Porto Rico to the i. Domingo, St, the capital of the f. part of thi iflaiid of Si. Domingo, and itn archbifliop's let' It is of a qua- drangular form, above 2 m in circuit, with the K fide to the river O/ama, and the s to the fea; and is dcfenv^ed by forts and butteries. The ramparts that fiuTound the city, and the walls of the hoiifes, an* formed of a glutinous red carlh mixed with lime, u-hich acquires a hardnefs and durability rqn;il to ftoiie. 'I'he cathedral is a large ftruc- ture, foiming the s fide of the main Iquare, and in it is prcferved the firft crofs Columbus planted in the idand. On the right of the high altar, for many years, n lied the remains of that great man, brought from Seville in a brafs coffin ; but, on the idand being ceded to the French, they were removed to Havana in i7()6. The convents and nunnerifjs are I'pacious bu . .igs , and the palace is a good p'ain editicc- Here are barracks for 2000 men, and a fine arfenal. The houfes are built in a fquare form, with flat roofs, and have a court in the middle. I he harbour was formerly good, but is now choked up with fand and mud, that its commcirt has been long cxtin<5t. 'Ihis city was* the laft principal place in the idand retained by the Fr«'nch, who fiirrcnder- ed it in 1809 to thr BritHh and Spanilh forces. '1 he inhabitants are tftiinatid at 22,000, but before the laic calamities were far more numerous. Lon. 69 50 w, lat. 18 28 N. Dominica, one of the Wirdward Caribee idands in the W Indies. It lies about half-way between Guada- loupe and Martinico, and is 2K m long and 13 broad. It was taken by the Engliih in 1761, and confirmed to them by the peace of 1763. The French took it ill 1778, but reftored it in 17H3 ; and in 1795 they made rn unfuccefsful attempt, for all the Frenchmen that landed were either killed or taken pri- foners. It fuftered great damage by a tremendous hunicane in 1806. The foil is thin, and better adapted to the rearing of coftee than fugar ; but the fides of the hills bear the hnelt trees in the W Indies, and the idand is well fup- plied with rivulets. The capital is Charlotte-town. Dominica, the largeft of the idands of the Facific ocean, called the Marque- fas. Lon. 139 4 w, lat. 941s. Damlrut il>t. one of the Tremiti DON id.inds.inthe prnlf of Venice, 15 mfrona the coaft of Naples. Domltz, a town of Lower Saxony, in .M«'cklciiburg-Schwerin, with a foit, feated at the conllux of the Elve and Elbe, 25 m sSchwerin. Dommel, a river of Dutch Hrabant, which receives the Aa below Bois le Due, and then dows intf>the Meufe. noma d'OjJola, or Ojjolu, a town of Italy, in Milanele, with a ciftle ; featcd on the Tofa, in the txtcnlive and de- lightful valli y of Oiri)la, which is from 2 to 7 m wide, atid clofcd at ih< n end by the mountain Scm[>ionc. The town in much frequented by Milanefe and Swift merchants. It is 45 m nnw Novara. Lon. 14 36 r., lat. 45 56 n. Domptiire, a town of France, in the department of Vofges, 10 m WNW Epinal. Domrenuji a tovn of Frnnce, in the dcpartineni (.f Miiife, the birthplice of the cekbnitetl Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleain. It ifl li'ated on the Meufe, 5 m N Nenfchatrau. Domvillers, a town of France, in the department of Menle, 14 m N Ver in the principality of \y I •% ;i J DON Furftcnlnirg. It is tin- chief rcfijrncc of the piince; in tlic coiirt-yanl of wlioic palace arc li)inc fprinnH, collt'jSt- ed in a nritvoii aboiil jo ftt*i fquan*, which has lh«? honour of beiiiK called the head of the Daiiiibc. It is i j m NNw Scaflhaiifen. .I)o>m Limerick. Donetz, or J}anaftx, a river of RulTia, v-fhich riles near Bielgorod, and flou-s sk to the Don, which it enters 46 m above Tfcherkhaflc, the capital of the Cof- ficks. The ColFacks and Tartais en- tertain a notion that it leaves the Don again, and they give the name of Da- naetz to the molt northern branch of the Don. Dofjgola, or Dungala, a town of Nubia, capital of a kingdom of the fame name- It contuins 10,000 houfes of wood, and is feated on the Nile, among mountains, 500 m n by w Sen- nar. Lon. 3a 5 e, lat. 19 25 n Donjon, a tiHvn of France, In the de- partment of Allier, 24 ni sv. Moulins. J)onniu_\;t'jH, a town in Lincolnlhire, with a n\arlut on S.ihirday. Much hemp is cultivittd in the nci^hbour- hoiid. It ii }i in Wkw Boflon, and io6 N London. Donti/. a town of France, in the de- partment (»fNicvre, 2jm N Nevcrs. Dooab, a fertilt; tra«5t of HindooOan, between the Ganges and Jumna, near the approxim ition of ihoff two rivers. The principal p'art of it is fubje^l to the nabob t»f Oude. Doon, a river of Scotland, which iflucs from a lake of the fame name in Ayr- Ihire, and enters the frith of Clyde, 2 m s Ayr. Tioi/hak ; fee '/•ctrang. Dorak, or I'elalii, a town of Perfia, in Kuliftan, fituate on a branch of the Jtrahi, ;> few miles below the ruins of the ancient city of Dorak. It is fur- rounded by a mud wall a m in circuit, flanked with round towers. The palace of the flieik covers a large fpace, but ig a mifeiable llriidure ; *and the ma- jority of the people prefer living in the fuburbs, under the Ihade of dale-trees. It is r,6 tn Sib. Tofter. Doruri, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, on the fide of a mountain, 28 m s Sana. i^orat, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper Vienne, feated on the Abran, near its jundion with the Sevrc, 25 m N Limoges . ■l)orc/ieJ?er, a borough and the county- town of" Dorfetfliire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Wednelday and Saturday. It was formerly much larger, ami the ruins of thy walls are (till to be fecn in fome places. It has three churches ; and a fine terrace-w.ilk, planted with t.-ees, almoft furiound;. the town, which has no manufattuies, but is famous for excellent ale. The number of inliabitints was 2402 in 1801, and 2546 in i8u. Alittletothe s is a Roman amphitheatre, conftruded of chalk and turf, luppoled to be the moll perfed in the kingdom. A mile to the sw is Maiden caftle, another work of the Romans; there are three ramparts and ditches, nearly oval, and the whole area is 115 acres. Dor- chefter is feated on the river Frome, 53 m E Exeter, and 120 w by s London. Lcm. 2 26 w, lat. 50 43 n. Dorch'-Jhr, a town in Oxfordfliire, which was a ftation of the Romans, and ruined in the wars with the Danes. It was a bilhop's fee, till 1086, when William the conqueror tranOated it to Lincoln; and it had Hve churches, ■^M- , In tilt' dc' MoiitinR- liiiculnlhirc, ay. MiK'h nt'ij^hbour- otit and 106 t, in the do- I Nevcrs. Hiiulooflan, mnna, near two rivers. ul)jc£l to the iwliich ifTucs amc ill AyT- f I'iydc, z m jn of Porfin, ir.mch of the ' the ruins ol' ;. It is fur- m in circuit, . The palace fp:ice, but is iind the ma- r living in the of dalctrccs. ia, tn Yenncn, , a8 m s Sana, ce, in the de- ne, fcated on lion with the id the county- ' ")vcrned by a n Wednelday Dnnerly much i\vi walls are Dlaccs. Itbab : terrace-walk, lofl: iurroundi. manufattures, lent ale. The was 240a in A little to the ■e, coni\ruo [ms Narva. Lon. 47 5* E, bt. 58 18 n. Dorfet/lirt; a county of England, Ibounded on the n by Somerfetfhire and Wiltfliire, B by Hampfhire, s by the Englilh channel, and w by Devonfhire |»nd Somerfetlhire. It is 50 m long and !5 broad, containing 722,660 acre3; is I divided into nine hundreds, and 465 [parilhes; has a+ market-towns; and teds ao members to parliament- The Inumber of inhabita 'Is wag » 15,3 19 u-. DOU 1801, and ii4>69.) in 181 r. TnerdlU generally rich and fertile, though in fomc parts veiy findy; the northern part, which is divid<'d by a range of chalk hills from the fouthern, affordt good padurage for cattk ; while the louthern part chielly cculifts of fine downs, and feeds itfcrcdibic numbers of (hetp. The chalk hilts, which run through every county from the se part of the kingdom tlius far, terminate at the further extremity of this ; but on the coaft, chalk cliirs extend beyond it intoDevonfljiie, 10 m w of Lyme. Front tht? Il.impfliire border to the neigh- bourhood of filandford a heathy com- mon extends, which caules an excep- tion to the general charad-.T of fertility which this county merits ; but the rich valei to the sw make ample amends. The principal rivers are the Stour and Frome. Here is plenty of poultry of alt forts, fvvans, woodcocks, pheafantgj partridges, fieldfares, &c. The*pro- du(Jt8 are corn, wool, hemp, fine ftone, and fome marble. This county is dif- tinguifhed for its woollen manpfac- tures, and its fine ale and beer. Dor- chefter is the county-town, but Poole is the largeft. See 2^ort/and md Pur- beck. Dorjieriy a fortified town of Weft- phalia, in the county o*^ Recklinghau- fen, feated on the Lippc, 15 m e by K Wefcl. Dort, or Dordrecht, a town of S Hol- land, on an illand formed by the Meufe, which is here called the Merwe. It is famous for a protcftant fynod held in 1618, which condemned the tenets of Armenius. Here are feveral Lutheran and Calvinift churches, a fine council- houfe, an excellent academy, and the mint of S Holland. It has a good har- bour, and a great trade in corn, wiae, and timber ; of the latter immenfe rafts are floated hither from Andernach, in Germany. Its natural fituation is fuch, that it has never been taktn by an ene- my ; but it furrendcred to the French in 1795- It is 10 in SE RoUerdam. Lon. 4 45 K,lat. 5! 51 N. Dortmund, a (Irong toAVn of Weft- phalia, in the county of Marck. It was lately imperial, and is feated on the Emlter, 15 m svv Ham. Lon. 7 aS e, lat- 5 31 N. Dotekonii a town of Holland, in Gel- derland, with a foundery for bombs and cannon-balls ; feated on the Yflel, 10 ni SE Doefburg. Douarngnezy a town of France, in the department of Finifterre, feated on a DOV bsy of the hmc nime, at the f ntrince of the Englirti channel, « m nw Quiin- per. Douaif, a city of France, capital of the department of Nord. with a fine arfcnal, a t'oundery for cannon, a mill- tary fchooli a citadeli and thre taiten by the duke uf Marluorough in 1710. and retaken hy the French, in 17 1 a, after the fufpenlion of arms. It is ieated on the Scurpe, whence there is a canal to the Deuir, 15 m NW Cambray. Lon. 3 5 i^i lat. |0 S2 N. Doubs, a department of Fiance, in- cluding part of the late province of Tranche Comt<;. It is fo named from a river which flows into the Saone, below Verdun. Befan9on is the capital. Doiut a town of France, in the de- partment of Mayenne and Loire, with a confiderable manufaAure of druggets and tammies. Near it is a vafl Roman amplfitheatre, cut out of the folid rock. It is 9 m sw Saumur. Dove, a river in Derbylhire, which rifes in the Peak, near Buxton, parts the county from Stafibrdlhire, and joins the Trent, 4 m below Burton. Dovetf a feaport in Kent, governed by a mayor, with a market on Wcdncf- day and Saturday. It is fituate be- tween two high cliffs, and on that e from the town is an ancient caftle, in which there are barracks for 3000 men. The town is alio defended by Icveral batteries. It was once walled round, and had 10 gates, but there now re- main only three, and thofe much out of yvpatr; alfo feven churches, which are How reduced to two in the town and one in the caftle. The number of in- habitants was 14*845 in 1801, and 9,074 in i8ii. It was formerly deemed jhe key of the idand, and is the principal of the cinque ports. It is the ftation of the packet-boats that, in time of peace, pafs between Dover and Calais, from which it is diftant only 21 m. The harbour is made by a gap in the cliffs, which are of great height ; and hence, in fine weather, is a proTpe^ of the coaft of France. Dover is 15 m se Canter- bury and 72 London. Lon. 1 18 e, lat. 51 8 N. Dover, the capital of the ftatc of De- laware, in Kent county. a he chief trade is in corn and flour. It ftands on Jones creek, 4 m tirom its mouth in De- laware bay, and 66 ssw Philadelphia. Lon. 75 34 w, lat. 39 10 n. Dtnnr, a town of New Hampihire, chief of Stafford county ) fUiMte on the DOW Cochfcho, 4 m above its jiin£>ion with Salmon Fall river, which tojfc ther form the Pilcutaqua. It is 14 in mw I'ortf- mouth. Douflast a town o^ Scotland, in La- ne rkfhire, on a river of the fame name, which joins thr Clyde, above Laiierk. Here is Douglas caftlci a modern build- ing, ereAed on the fite and in imitation oMhe ancient caAlc. It is 40 m sw I'ldinburg. Douglas, a I'caport of the ille of Man, nearly at the fitmc diftance from the Englid), Scotch, and Irifli (horec, with thj beft harbour in the ifland, which ^renders it the principal mart of trade. A packet-boat (ails hence weekly to Whitehaven. The town rifes near the 8 point of the bay in a triangular form, and the refidcnce of the Englifli ii chiefly confined to this fpot. Near the mouth of the harbour is an ancient fort, and a modern lighthoufe. Lon. 4 28 w, lat. 54 5 N- DouL'/as, Cape, a promontory on the w coait of America, the w point of the entrance of Cook inlet. Its fummit forms two very high mountains. Lon. 15? 30 w, lat. 58 56 N. Douihovjlzine, n town of Ruflia, in the government of Smolenlk, 30 m Nfc Smolenfk. Doulaincourt, a town of France, in the department of Upper Marnt, lo m sw Joinville. Doulens, a town of France, in the de- partment of Somme, with two citadels; ftated on the Autie, 15 .m n Amiens. Dounet a town of Scotland, in Perth- fliire, with the ruin of a huge fquare caftle, whofe tower is yet full 80 feet in height. Here is a manufaAure ofpif- tols, and an extenfive cotton-mill. It is feated on the Teith, 8 m nw Stirlitig, | and 32 sw Perth. DourdoH, a town of France, in the! department of Seine and Oife, with a { manufadure of filk and worded ftock* ings; feated on the Orge, 25 m sw| Paris. Douro, a river that rifes in Spain,] in the mountains of Urbion, on the ei borders of Old Caftile, and flows wj through that province and Leon to tt!f j NE point of Portugal j it then turns s," and having feparated Leon from Tra los Montes, again takes a w courfeJ crofling Portugal to Oporto, where i^ enters the Atlantic ocean. Dtwlatabady fornnerly called Amedj nagur, a province of the Deccan of Hin j dooftan ; bounded on the n by Candeif and Malway, w by tht Gauti, > by Vi| o)fcther form in "w I'orlf- (tlanJ» in L'- c fame name, ihote Lanerk. modern bnild- id in imitatii)n t is 40 m 8W heilleof Man, mce fritm Uie \[\ ftioreu, willj ; illand, which mart of iradc. ence weekly 10 /n rifes near the triangular fonn, the Englifli ii fpot. Near the I an ancient fort, fe. Lon. 4 a8 w, romontory on the ic w point of the let. Its fummit iiountains. Lon. own of RuiTia, in nolcnlk, 30 m Ni wn of France, iu Ipper Marnt, \o France, i» the de- with two citadels; , i5.m N Amiens. kotland, ill Perth- of a huge fquarc 5 yet full 80 feet in r»anufaaure ofpij- /e cotton-mill- U 1, 8 m Nw Stirling) of France, in the . and Oife, with a | and worfted ftock- c Orge, as m sv/j hat rifes in Spain, Urbion, on the e| ftile, and flow* w ice and Leon to m\ ^al } it then turns sJ ed Leon from Traf ' takes a w courlej .0 Oporto, where iq ocean. ,j rmcrly called Amfdj ftheDeccanotHiM ontheNbyCandejM lh«Gauti, «byVi| DRA flapnur und Colconda, and f. by Berar. Aurungnbad it the capital Donulataba/lt .1 l:irg>f fortrLTa of Hin- doudan, which rIvch name to the pro- vince. It iii built on a rock, almoft pcr- pcndicntar on every lide, aritt riling 410 ti'ct ab'>vc tlitf plain. It iit 10 m nw Aurungabad. Ihion, A county of Ireland, in thr province. of UKttr, .ji m long .tiiil ^4 broad ; houndt'd on thr r. by tic Irilh if. I, w by Armagh, nw l»y Antrim, ami 8 by Carlimjford bay and the ocean. It is divided into 7a parillicR, f»*nds four members to parliament, and contains about 204,500 inhabitantH- It \h in ge- neral ftrtile, has numerous bleach - greens, and in the rough parts many iiorfci are bred. The chief rivers arc the Lagan and Ntury. Down, or DonvHpatrick, a borough of Ireland, capital of the county of Down and a bifhop'.s fee united with Connor. The cathedral is a new edi- fice, not yet completed. It fends one member to parliament, and Annds on the sw branch of Strangford. Luugh, 74 m N by E Dublin. Lon. 5 4) w, fat. 54 29 K. Doavfiham, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Saturday, feated on the fide of a hill, by the river Oufe. Every IMonday is brought hither, to the river fide, a prodigious quantity of butter, which is fent up in boats to Cambridge, and thence conveyed in wagons to London, under the name of Cambridge butter. It is 1 1 m s Lynn^ and 86 n by B London. lionvnitif^ton, or Downings, a town of Pennfylvania, in Chefter county, on the E fide of Brandywine creek, 33 m w by ir Philadelphia. Otiinnnuan/,A town of EiiropfMnTur- k('y« in Scrvia, on a fmall illand formed by the Drino, on the confuicH nf Uofnia. Ihifio, a river of Europi-an Turkoy, which hau its foiiro- on the E frontiers of Albania, where it foon fornns th« lake Ochrida, and flowu thence by libla to Ah'fTio, below which it divides into (cve- ral branches and inters tho bay of Drino, in the ^ulf of Vcnict?. Drij/ii,a town of KiifTIa, in the go- vernnieiit of Polotfk, at the conflux of the Drifla with the Dwina, 44 tn Nw Polotlk. Dri/lra \ fee Siliftria. l^roghedut a feaport and borough of Ireland, a county of itfelf, and capital of the county of Louth ; but the affizcs are held at Dundalk. It is furrourided by a wall with four ^ates, and divided by the river Boync into two parifhcs, each of which has a church ; that on the s fide of the river being in the county of Mrath. It fends one mem- ber to parliament. Near this place was the celebrated battle of the Boyne, in which William iii gained a complete viAory over the army of James ii. Drogheda has a good harbour, and car> ries on an extenfive commerce, parti- cularly in corn and ftron^ fheeting. It is feated 5 m w of the Irifh fea, and a6 N Dublin. Lon. 6 iV vv, lat. 53 43 n. Droitavic/i, a borough in Worccfter- fliire, with a market on Friday. Here are famous fait fprings from which is made much fine white fait. It is feated on the Salwarp, 7 m nne Worcefter, and 116 WNW London. Drome, a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of Dau- pbiny. It is fo called from a vivcr which crofles it, and joins the Rhone btlow Valence, the capital of the department. Drtmore, a town of Ireland, in tha county of Down, and the fee of a bi- (liop. The cathedral is fmall, but the palace is handfome and convenient. It is feated on the Laggan, 16 m ssw Bel- faft, and ao mne Newry. Dr»nero, a town of Piedmont. ».t the f«ut of the Alps, on the riTcr Macra» 14 «i tisw Saluaz9. />/ «; .1 good harbour. It was the rclidrnce 01 the ancient kings of Norw.-iy. Of its celebrated cathedral tliv choir alone remainH entire. The inhabitnntii, citimatcd at S.^oOf have fomc commerce in wood, filh, tallow, ami copper. It is almofl furrounded by the lia .iiul tlie river Piddel ; and is ijo m NK DiTgeii Lon. lo ai r, lat. 63 24 n. Drrjjiutlorf, a town of Auflria, with an ancient caflle, feated on the Teya, 10 in N Horn. Dro/I'cn, a town of Urandenburg, ia the New mark, 14 m UR Cullrin. Drufettheim, a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, Icated on the Mottcr, near the Rkine, 5 m sk Ilaguenau. Dru/es, n people of Syria, on tlic mountains of Libunus and Antilibanus. and to the k ae far an Balbcc. Their lan- guage is the Arabic ; and they appear to have little religion of any kind, but pray indifferently in ChrilUan churches or Turkifh mofques. They are warlike, inured to labour, and great enemies ot the Turks, and have their particular princes, called Emiri. Bairout is their capital. Dub/in, a county of Ireland, in the province of l.einfter, 37 m long and 1 7 broad ; bounded on the b by tht- Irifli sea, n by E Meath, w by the fame and Kildare, and 8 by Wicklow. It h divided into 1C7 parifhes, has one city and four market-towns, fends five mem. bcrs to parliament, and contains abob: iob,ooo inhabitants. The country is in general flat, except toward the s, where it io hilly and rocky. The principal river is the Liffey. Dublin, the metropolis of Ireland, in a county of the fame name, and an arcli- bifhop's fee, with a unlvcrlity. Its form is that of a fquare, 2 m and a half ou each fide, and contains about 22,000 houfes, whofe inhabitants are eflimated at 1 50,000. The flreets have been lately improved in regard both to convenience and embcllifhmetit ; and there are fevc- ral magnificent fquares, the largeft of which is St. '^iephrn-green, nearly a mile in circuit, it has a cathedral and a col* legiate church, 18 parifh churches, eight chapels, 16 Roman catholic chapeli, numerous mccting-boufcs for diflenters of varf( fliuicli* thf prii c.iftle(ti nationfll of jurtic tomhoiii hnm fnr r.icki, t Eflirx-bri the fix 1 hofpitals tions arc theatres, end of t 7 m In ( berni.in ft of the vie fccret.iry, hattcry of ammunitii cuion. J\ 'ocky hill, civil ifovcr hy a lord r 34 ^ilderm formed of cnrporatioi l'»*rs to par one. Befj(j t"n mrtnuf; burbs,othei ture are eflj the metrop coiifiderab!( fnoded by prevent vei goin^ over 1 4 m in leng extremity, ; iHot. mid I), (^25 in iKii. It is to m w by n Biimingham, and 136 NW London. DuercH \ (»•«• Duren. Duero ; fee Douro- J)iier/lf(U, or ITiii Dnfr/Jei/i', a for- tified town of Holland, in Utrecht, feat, cd on the Leek, where it branches oft frum the Rhine, la in aE Utrecht. Duinn \ lire l)ui. Duke o/Tork IjUinJ, an illand in the Pacific ocean, dilcovered by commodore • Byron In 1763, lying n of the Friendly iflands. Lon. 171 ^q w, lat. 7 56 s. Duke oJ'Yurk Ijland^ an illanil in ih«* Pacific ocean, lymg between New Bri- tain and New Ireland, fo named by captain Carteret, in 1767. The natives go entirely naked ; are (lout, well made, and of a light copper colour : their hair is woolly, but they drefs it with greal'e and powder, and make it h.-ing ftraight. Their huts are made chiefly of bamboo, and placed under the (liade of cocoa- nut trees, with a fence before them, within which the plantain, banana, yam, fugar-cane, &c. are cultivated. The ifland produces, betide the plants above- mentioned, betle-nuts, mangos, bread- fruit, and guavas. Here are alfo dogs, hogs, poultry, and fome fpices. The nutmeg was feen by captain Hunter, who anchored in Port Hunter bay, in this ifland, in 1791. Lon. 151 20 b, lat. 479- Dulas, a village of Wales, in the ifle of Anglefcy, i» m nw Beatmiaris. It Ibnds on the river Dulas, which flows into a bay to which it gives name, on the Irifh fea ; and is much frequented on account of the corn and butter trade, and for fern-afhes and kelp. Dulcignoy a town of European Tur- key, in Albania, with a good harbour, on the gulf of Venice, 16 m ssw Scu- tari. Duleekt a borough of Ireland, in Meath, formerly the fee of a bifhop, but now a mean place, 9 m nn w Drog- heda. Dulmen, a town of Weftphalia, in ij r^ h 1; ■>' '^lI'Mrl - r ' (' ! 5i I'd i Dr.M the principality ol l^luiiftrri 14 m iw Mtiiin«r. Uulftrton, .1 town in Sonirri.tihirr, with 4 nurki I on S.iiiikUv. iml manu* faAuitfa of ciMr|(* W(K)ltrn cl'*ihi arul blAiikrti. In the vicinity nrc miii«'» of • xi-rlli'iit Ic4il It ii lr.itr iHui. lid w Perth. Dumbon^ a town of Ncgiolaiid, in Bornou, a little lothe w of a lake of the fame name, which produces abundance of lalt. It is 170 m NNW Bornou. l.on. 21 ,'^0 K, lit. 22 2 N. Dum/thj, ii town of Virg'ni.i, chief of^PririCL* Wiliiaiji county. It is Jitiiate on the N fidr of Quaiitico crc^k, 4 tn above its entrance into the Potomac, and io sw Aicxaiuhia. Lon. 77 30 w, ^at. ,:^8 30 N. J.htmfrifs, a borough of Scotland, capital of Diimfrieslhire, icatcd on thi; rivr Niih, II m from its month in SoN w.iy Iriih It it a legular wcll-bnill town I but h4i no connd<'r.iL>ii' ir.ide, iMM m.iiiut.tt'lurr, Ihouifh almon every branch of commercial mul mechanical indiiftry 1« pr.u'lifrd. The iiunib«r nf iiihalniai>l» w.u 7 >Hfl in iHoi, .md ij:6& in iHi i. The .iiniiUnifnu ot liie lowiii and it* hi.tlihy ritiiilioii.allurr iiiany of the gentry tioiii the iitMahbouriiiK couu* i>k. It i« \u m ^^ Nvv ('.iiiille. .tiid 71s by w Ediiibiiig Lon. .) J19 w, Lit 55 9 "• nHHtfriftjhir*, a county of .^cotlind, boiindttl on the n by the (hire* of (.a- netk am! ."icble*, i- by ihofe of Selhirlr and Uoxburg, H by .'^olway fiith,antl vv by the ( iiundei if Knt.udbright and Ayr It iit ;so in hin>( .nnl }6 broad, and divided into 4a parillietf. Th<- luiin- ber ot I'lli :iliitaiit« W.1I 54*547 in itiji, MMil 6i.(/)( in lUii. It c>)iitainart- inont of Meiik-, on tlie river Mvuk, 1^ in NNw Verdun. Dun I. Hoi, a town of France, In the department of Cher, on the river Auron, 15 ms Hourges. Duiia ; ((Lf Divina l)un4tburf(, a town of HnfTin, in thr fovtinnien". if I'olotlk, with a Ibrtrefs. t w.ii t.ikcn by the French in iHi j. It ib fe.ited on the Dwina, 90 m .nw I'o- lolfk, and 1 10 :u. Kig.i. Diwumonfif a town of Ruflla. in the govcriiineni of Riga. It formerly he- longed to the duchf of Courland, but \\:\h taken by the Swedes in iheir wars with the i'oleR. In 1700 it wan taken by the TulcH, and iit.iktn the next yc.ir, by l'!h.irlt8 xii. In 1710 it was t.iiar ii ti tor a vii ih«(kTol ndiiihiii Ihmk *>R Co.ilt rivrr (it cicnt ca( I ir'd, an< to m iw l)Ullt4i frrland, Watirloi It is 4 n Kofi. Iffland, alii /e II fo and it It It haamai and it.ind t ) in N C 54 '» N Dundee the largrf an excelle in the mid m.ignificei ♦he lath c arn neat, hut ihe n elegant, was a6,o8, Hero arc linen, can ram, and Ic It is feat<'< II w F„rf.ii DunJoHi Ayrlhire, : tenfive cot ii the reii Dundonali Dundrui county of llrontf ca( r.imc namt Dunfern »nd the * good tr 'iurat*lure di-ipers. palace, in and the George i. m.'ignificcn of which n In this abb his, queen narchs. D habitants It 8 15 m Perth. U c,intb«'(l»part- livcr Mvufe, 15 I) (IN twir It i«marti.ibl« fur the ilcfrnt of John U4I10I by carl Warriiinr, in ttt)6\ ami tor a vk'liirx ((.lincii by Cromwell over ilirlk'uti, ill ifi^o. li ii aV m I by n niliiibtir^- l.on. ) iR w.lat <6 • w. l)unh*mlh%A town uf S<:utl4iiii|i)n tbc ^n ciMit t)i L'«ithnp(i, at (he mouth ul 4 rivt-r tit the l.imr name. It b.i« 4t) an- cirnt calllc litiiitc «>n a narrow neck ot' l.iruit and ii an excellent ItthinK lUliun, 10 m aw Wick, and ,^5 «i Dornoch. l)uu(itnH'}H, a foitrrfa and villdxr uf Ireland, in thf> county oi Wcilord, on Watirlord litrtiourt which it <':f»'ndi. It ii 4 m w Feathardiand 15 » New Kol*. Ihtni/iili, a ie.ipoit and borough ot' lifl.ind, in the county of Lowtli. 'i'ho dirided into tht; old and new town; and the inhabit.'inis, eftimated at 80,000, had a gi'Mt deti) of commerce. By means ol ;i flnicc, 4a Tcet wult*, the ba- fin within the town will hold 40 fliips of the liiu; aiwa/s floating. It is ai m sw Olltiid. L.)n. a ?.a 1., lat. 5 1 » n. DunUer, a borouRh of Ireland, in the county 01 X.owtli, 8 m nnw Drogheda. Dunmannivny, a town of Ireland, in the county of Coik, with a dourifhiiig lincti maniifadur*', fituatc on the IJan- don, 32 m wsw Cork. Dunmort, A town <>i Ireland, in the county of Galway, 8 m nne Tuam, and 25 w Roleommon. Dtmmow, a corporate town in Eficx, with a market on Saturday, and a ma- nufacture of bays, featcd on a hill, 13 m XNW Ciielmsford, and 38 ne London. Dunmow, Little, h. village 2 m from Dunmov'. It bad once a monaftery, and part of the priory now forms the parish church. This place id famous tor the tenure of its manor; namely, that whatever married couple will goto the priory, and Iwear tliey have not re- pented of their marriage, within a year and a day after it took place, mail yeceive a flitch of bacon. Dunnet Head, an extenfive promon- tory of Scotland, on the n coaft of Caithnefs. Its n extremity, in the Pent- land frith, is the moft northern point of Great, Britain. Lon. 3 9 w, lat. 58 43 n. Dunnofe, a cape in the Englilh chan- nel, on the SE fide of the ifle of Wight. L'»n. I 16 ^v, lat. 50 34 N. Dunfe, a town of Scotland, the largeft in Berwickfhire, with a woollen manu- facture and a large brewery. The num- ber of inhabitants was 3157 in 1801, and 308a in 181 1 Near it is a cele- brated mineral well, fimilar to that of Tunbridge in England. It is fituate at the foot of a hill, near the river White- adder, 14 m w Berwick, and 40 ese Edinburg. Lon. a 18 w, lat ^s 47 n. Diinfiahle, a town in Bedfordfliire, with a market on Wednefday. It is of yreat antiquity, having been ruined by the Danes, and reilorcd by Henry i, *who made it a borough, but no mem- bers were ever fent to parliament. The church is the remainder of a priory, and oppofiie to it i^ a farm houfe, once a iroyal palace. Dunftable has four ftrects, in the direiftion of the four cardinal points ; and is famous for hats, bafkets, Ire. .iiade of ftraw. It is feated on a chalky hill, 17 ms Bedford, and 33 nw London. DUR Dunjlajfnage^ a caftle of Scotland, in ArgyleOuie, one of the firft feats of the Piitifh and Scotifh monarchs. Here was long preferved the famous ftone, uii-d as the coronation feat of the Scot- ifli monarchs, which was removed to Scone by Keneih ir, and thence by Edward i, in 1296, to Welbninfter ab- bey, where it now is an appendage to the coronation chair. Some of the an- cient regalia ftill continue in the caftle; and near it is a fmall rooflefs chapel, of elegant .T'f'hitnOturc, where feveral of the kings 01 ocot.land arc faid to be in- terred. It ftands on a promontory, al- moft infulated, at the entrance of Loch Etive, 24 m nw Invcrary. Dunjier, a town in Somcrfelfliire, with a market on Friday. It hai a caftle on a ftyep knoll ; and at one cor- ner of the terrace is an ancient turret, fuppofcd to be part of the original caf- tle, built in the time of William i. A priory ftood on the nw fide of the caftle, part of which now ferves for the parfli- church. It ftands on the edge of a vale, near the Briftol channel, %o m Nw Taunton, and t6i w London. Dunivich, a borough in Suffolk, which has now no market, nor place .'f public worlhip. It was formerly a 'jilhop'j fee, and had many churches, which have been fwal' wed up by the fea. The remains of t ..o churcheg and a pa- lace arc the only marks left of its for- mer grcatnefs. It is feated at the top of a loofe cliff, 44 m s Yarmouth, and 100 N London. Duquella, a province of Morocco, ab»ut 80 m long and 60 broad, exceed- ingly fertile in corn and pafture. Durance, a river of France, which is formed of the rivulets Dure and Ance, near Briangon, and flows by Embrun, Tallard, Sifteron, Monofque, CaivaiU lon, and Avignon, into the Rhone. Dttrango, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, 17 m !E Bilboa. Durango, a city of New Spain, ca- pital of New Bifcay, and an archbifliop's fee. The inhabitants are eftimated at 14,000. It ftands in the sw part of the province, in a fertile diftriit, 170 m nw '^*cate»;as. I-on. 103 36 w, lat. z\ 25 n. Durazzo, a feaport of European Tur- key, the chief town in the n part of Albania, and a Greek arcnbifhop'! fee. It has a ruined fortrefs,and a good har- bour on the gulf of Venice, 96 m sse R.igufa. Lon. 19 a8 e, lat 41 40 n. Durbtmga, a town of Hindooflan, in Bahar, near the river Gogary, 50 m ne Patna. Durbuy, a town of the Netherlands) ..M^iA; Scotland, in [ feats of the rchs. Here imou8 ftone, ; of the Scot- removed to d thence by cllminlter nb- appeiidage to me of the an- io the caftle; lei's chapel, of pre feveral of laid to be in- omontory, aU rance of Loch Somerfeiflare, ay. It has t iiid at one cor- ancient turret, le original caf- William i- A Ju of the caftle, i for the parfli- the edge of a innel, ao m nw indon. n Suffolk, which place .f public lerly u 'jilhop'j huiches, which up by the fea. tirchea and a pa- i left of its for- ated at the top Yarmouth, and of Morocco, broad, exceed- pafture. ranee, which is Dure and Ance, )ws by Embrun, nofque, Caivail- the Rhone. Spain, in Blfcay, New Spain, ca- an archbilliop's are eftimated at le sw part of the ftrift, 170 mNW 6 w.lat. 24 25^' )f European Tur- in the N part of archbifhop'i fee. , and a good har- '^enice, 96 m ssE , lat 41 40 N. f Hindooftan, in iogary, 50 m ne DUR in Luxemburg, fcatcd on the Ourthe, 30 m 8 by w LieRe. Durertt a fortified town of France, in the d'"partment of Rocr, lately of Ger- many, in the duchy of Julicrs ; featcd on the river Rocr, n m s Juliers. Durham, aconntyof England, bound- ed on the N by Northuml)cri;r d, e by the German oce:iii, s and sw by York- liiirc, and w by VV'eftmorland and Cum- berland. It is ufually called the Bifliup- ricof Dnrli im, from the lovrrei^npowtr formerly poireffed by the bifliops, who yet enjoy great privilfjjcs. ' It is 47 tn long ami 37 hioad, containing 665,600 acres; is divided into fix wards, and 74 parilhes ; has one city and nine market- towns ; and ftiuis four niembers to p.ir- liam 16 m w Portlrnouth. Duri/ieim, a town of France, in the department of Mont Tonnerre, lately of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine; feated on the rive. Hardt, 17 m sw Worms. Durkhfimt or Turkheim, a town of France, in the department of Upper Rhine, when; the French gained a vic- tory over the Auftrians in 1675. It is 4 m NW Colmar. Durlarht a town of Suabia, capital of Lower Baden, with a caftle. Here are mai.ufadlures of porcelain, cloth, and ftuflfs. It is feated on the GiefTen, 15" m NNE Baden. Lon. Si 35 e, lat, 48 <8 N. Durnefs, a town of Scotland, on the N coaft of Suthcrlandftiire, at the head of a bay and influx of a river of the fame name. To the n of the bay is a rich peninl'ula, which terminates on the N ilia point called Farout Head. Durnefs is 42 m NNw Dornoch. Durrow, a town of Ireland, in the county of Kilkenny, but infulated, with its diftritft, in Queen county. Here is a magnificent Icat called Caftle Dur- row. It is 14 m s by w Maryborough, and 16 NNw Kikenny. Durjlei/, a corporate town in Gloii- cefterlhire, with a market on Thurlday, and a confiderablt traffic in broad cloth, and cards for clothiers. Here are the remains of a caftle. It is feated near the Severn, 13 m sw Glouccftei, and 107 w London. Durtal, a town of France, in the de- partment of Mayenne and Loire. The chief trade is tanning. It is 16 m ne An>;ers. Dujlcy Eai/, a bay on the sw coaft of New Zealand, in the Pacific ocean. The country I.ere is fteep, and the hills near the feafide are covered with intri- cate and impenetrable forefts. Abund- ance of excellent refrelhmeuts are found here ; and it contains feveral coves and harbours. Lon. 166 18 k, lat. 45 47 s. DuJ'eldorf, a ftrong city of Weft- phalia, capital of the duchy of Berg. Contiguous to the palace is a celebrated gallery of paintings. Dufleldorf was taken by the French in 1795- It ftands on the river DuflTel, near the Rhine, 25 m s Wcfel. Lon 6 40 e, lat. 51 12 n. Duxbofugh, a town of M ilTachnfets, in Plymouth county, with a harbour for fmall vcflels^ and a lighthoufe at the I J[i:V T H ■! ''^ 1 W- i I'Sil ru I fe EAR « fy'remity of the bencli. It is fituatc s by ••: Plymoutli, 3 m acrofs Ply- irioiith bay. Duyjhurg, a fortified town of VVeft- phalia, in the c, the moft eaftern extremity of Afia, on the w fide of Beering ftrait, nearly oppofite Prince of Wales cape, on the continent of America. Lon. 169 30 w, lat. 66 o N. Eajl Looe. Sec Looe, Eajl ; and fo with otiicr places that have the fame name of pofition. Eajlbounty a town in SufTcx, noted for plenty of the birds called wheatears, and as a place of rcfort for lira-bathing. Near it is a chalybeate fpring, and on the beach a ftroiig circular fort. In 1707 a teflelated pavement and a Roman bath were dilcovcred here. It is feated near th'> Engliih channel, 15 m ese Lewes, and 61 sse London. Eafier Ijlnnd, an ille in the Pacific ocean, 40 m in circuit. It has a hilly and ftony furface, is naturally barren, and atFordi. neither iafe anchorage frcdi watir, nor wood for fuel. Rati are the only quadrupeds, and there arr but few birds. The natives are induf- triou?, and plant paper mulberries and bananas, with regwlar fields of potatoes and yams. This ifland was l(?en by Davis in 1686; it was-vifited byRogge- wiii in 1722, and by Cook in 1774. Lon. 1C9 47 w, lat. 27 6 s. Eafthanit a town of MaflachufctS, in Barnftable county, fituatc near the fca, 18 m NE Barnftable. Eajlhampton, a town of New York, in Suffolk county, on the se coaft of Long Ifland. It is a half Ihire-town ; and contains Clinton academy. It is 12 m ENE Southampton. Eajion, a town of Pennfylvania, ca- pital of Northampton county. It ftands at the conflux of the Leigh, with the Delaware, 50 m n Philadelphia. Lon. 75 9 w, lat. 40 41 N. Eafton, a town of Maryland, capital of Talbot county. It is feated near the forks of the Treadhaven, 34 m knvt Vienna, and 30 s Cheller. Eaftony a town of Maflachufets, in Briflol coti iron and ft Raynhim 1 and 26 s Ji EajlonHej molf cafteri and (he N p Eauje, a partme;;f <.\ Ebeltoft, land, with ; theCategat, J^ienezer, Georgia, c,i It is fituatc c rich in con WNW Savan 32 28 N. Ebenfurth river Leyta, Eberbac/i, circle of Low abbey; ffatc by N Heidelh Eberherg, ; in the depir lately of Ger the Rhine ; f Alfcn with the I'^bermanjlc in the princij VV'ifent, 13 m Ebern, a tc principality o nach, 12 m N Eberflein, i bia, 8 m SE I Eberville, i department o BenediAineal « m N E Riom J^bher, a to a river of tl Cafbin. Eh'ingen, a diichy of W cheefe, 7 m s Ehro, a riv t!ie mountain: fines of Old ( lahorra, Tudt toiii into the iN Ebjhny a to Liinf-burg, ce m s Luneburg Ecclesfechan DurntMt'sihire, montiily marl Annan, and i With a market «f Lichfield ''ere. It is fe •"NvvStafTorc , now fomc- the adjacent mains of iti cotifti ditty, if fir Thomas led Tlioma» )oet of Scot- )urg. of Scotland, ire, to tlie se Hate qviarri'i. N Yorklhire, , nnd a great tcr. It ia 13 by w London, iprn extremity Bceriiig ftrait, f Wall-scape, nerica. Lon. liajl ; and fo uve the fame SufTcx, noted lied wheatears, for lea-bathing, fpring, and en cular fort. In lit and a Roman re. It 18 featcd lel, 15 m ESE don. ill the Pacific . It has a hilly aturally barren, afe anchorage for fuel. Rat* s, and there arc itives are indiii- mulberries and elds of potatoes id was leen by ifitedbyRogge- Cook in 1774- 7 6 s. Maflachnfets, m ate near the lea, . of New York, the SE coaft of half Ihire-town ; academy. It i» n. •ennfyWania, ca- :ounty. Itftands Leigh, with the iladelphia. Lon. Maryland, capital is feated near the ven, a4 m hnvt Iter. , . Maflachufets, m E c: c Brlflol county, with manufaifliire.i of iron Mid ftecl ; fi.;ttfci near lii ■ hjNW Savanna. Lon. 81 18 w, lat. ji 28 N. El/t-nfurt/i, a town of Auftria, on the river Leyta, sa m s Vienna. Eberbac/ifjn. town olCfrmany, in the circle of Lower Rhine, with a Ciftctcian abbey ; featcd on the Necker, ii m k by N Hcidclburg. Eberberg, a town and caftle of France, in the department of Mont Tonnere, lately of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine ; feated at the conflux ^f the Alfen with the Nahe, 8 m sw Creutznach. Ebermanjladt, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Bamberg, on the VVifent, 13 m sse Bamberg. Eberrt, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Wurtzburg, on the Ban- nach, 12 m NNw Bamberg. Eberflein, a town and ca (tie ofSua- bia, 8 m se Baden. Eberville, a town of France, in the department of Puy de Dome, with a Benedidinc abbey, feated on the Scioule, 8 m NE Riom. Ebher, a town of Perfia, in Irak, on a river of the fame name, 40 m w Cafbin. Ebingen, a town of Suabia, in the diichy of Wirtemberg, noted for its chet'fe, 7ms Hohenzollern. Ebro, a river of Spain, which rifes in the mountains of Afturias on tlie con- finej* of Old Caftilc, and flows by Ca- lahorra, Tudella, Saragofla, and Tor- tolii into the Mediterranean. Ebjhft, a town of Lower Saxony, in Lun«-l)urg, celebrated for its honey, 13 in s Liineburg. Ecclesfechaiiy a town of Scotland, in Dumtiii'slhire, noted for its great moiitiily market for cattle, 6 m n Annan, and 15 e by s Dumfrifs. Ecclejhalli a town in Staffordfliire. with a market on Friday. The biftiop of Lichfield and Coventry has ,1 cattle here. It is feated on the riv(T Sow, 7 ;n Nvv Stafford and 148 London. KCl Ectlefia/i'tcal State, or Popedom , a country of Italy ; bounded on the n by Roniagna, ne by the gulf of Venice, se by the kingdom of Naples, sw by the Mediterranean, and w by Tulcany. It is 120 m long, and from 8o to loo broad, divided into the following pro- vinces; Campagnadi Roma, Patrimony of St. Peter, Sabino, Spoleto, Ancona, Perugino, and Urbino. All thefe pro- vinces are badly cultivated and thinly inhabited ; trade and manufailures are but little encouraged ; and were it not for dates, figs, almonds, olives, and other fruits, which grow fpoiitaneoufly, the indolence of the inhabitants is lUch, that they would be abfolutely ftarved. The pope, according to the ancient canon law, is the fupreme, univerCal, and independant head of the church, and invefted with foverclgnty over all Chriltian fovereigns, communities, and individuals. He has the title of Holy Father and Holinefi ; and is eleiJted, at every vacancy, from among the cardi- nals, each of whom is ftyled His Emi- nence. Befide the Ecclefiaftical State, and previous to the late revolutions, the pope was pofleflcd of the duchy of Benevento, in the kingdom of Naples; and the territories of Avignon and Venaiflbn in France. He had alfo the three legations of Romagna, Bolognefe, and Ferrarefe annexed to his dominions till 1797, when the French made them a part of their Cilalpine republic. In 1798 this ftate was taken pofleflion of by the French, who ercdled it into a republic, ftyled the Roman Republic, under the dircvftion of five confuls. They obliged the pope, Pius vi, to re- move into Tulcany, and afterward into France, where he died at Valence, in 1799. A few months after a conclave was permitted to be held at Venice, and in 1800, cardinal Chiaramonti wa« eleded to the papal chair, who took the title of Pius VII, and refumed the fovercignty of the Eccleiiaftical State. This power \va.s held till 1809, when the pope was deprived by Napoleon of his temporal fovereignty, and reduced to the condition of biihop of Rome ; and his ftate was decreed to be a part of the French empire. The pope was kept Ibine time a ftate prifoner at Sa- vona, and removed thence to the for- trefs of Tortona. Rome is the capital. Echternacht a town of the Nether- lands, in Luxemburg, on the river Sour, furroundcd by mountains, 18 m ne Luxemburg. Ecija^ a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with manufa(Jture8 of leather and (hoes, %A % 'liii' !«^'.^ ■W ! i i '!■ i ,• !■ r£'^ ■ } i m E I) E and -x trade in wool and hemp, f ng- mcnti of marble pillars, trunks of fla- tucM, and ftnncs with iiilcriptions, attcft its ancirnt fplcndor. It is fcated on the Xcnil, 62m E\K Seville. Lon. 457 w, lat. H7 33 ''• Eckardjlerf^t a town and caftic of Upper Saxony, in Thiiringia, 10 m wsw Naumburg. llckrenfcrde, a leaport of Denmark, in S Jutland, on a bay of the Baltic. Near the town is a Frefh-water lake, which is connected with the bay. It is 14 m NW Kiel in Holflcin. Lon. 10 i w, lat. 54 33 N- F.elam, a town of N Holland, famous for its red-rind chcefes ; feated Oii the Ey, near the Zuidcr zee, 11 m nne Amfterdam. F.ddi/f.ine, the name of fomc rocks in the Englifli channel, lying 14 m ssw from the middle of Plymouth found. On the principal rock (for the reft are underwater) Mr. Winft.uilybuiltalight- houfe in 1700, which was deftroyed by a ftorm in 1 703, and the projeftor perifhed in it. In \iz(), another, built :>f wood, waaeredlcd by Mr. Riidyard, which was coiiftunod by tire in 1755. Within four years after, one was built by Mr. Smea- ton, which alfo was burnt down in 1770; and another, of (lone, was completed by him in 1774, which has hitherto with- Itood the fury of the elements. The building, to the height of :3,^ feet from the foundation, is a folid offtones, en- grafted into each other; above this are four rooms, one over the other, and at the top a gallery and lantern. It is nearly {lo feet high ; and its diftance from the Ram Head, the nearcft point of land, is \% m. Lon. 4 24 w, lat. 50 R N. Edetii a river of Scotland, which rifes in Perthfliire, on the confines of Fifefhire, and flows through the latter county, by Coupar, into the German ocean, at the bay of St. Andrew. Eden, a river that rifes in Weft- morland, on the confines of Yorklhirc, runs N, by Appleby, into Cumberland, and there flows by Kirkofwald and Car- lide into Solway frith. Edenburg, or Sopron, a town of Hun- gary, on the frontiers of Auftria, inha- bited by Germans, whofe principal ma- nufacture is cloth. Many oxen and pigs are fent hence weekly into Germany. It is 40 m s by E Vienna. Lon. 164* e, lat. 47 38 N. Edenderry, a town of Ireland, in King county, and formerly a ftrong place; filuate near the river Boyne, 9 m e by N Philiptown. EDI EdentoHt 1 maritime diflridlof N Ca- rolina, comprehending the counties of Chowan, Pa((iuotank,Prrquimas,Gatci, Hertford, HcitiejandTyfeJ. It abounds with pine, oak, cyprefs, and junipt-r. Edenton, a town of N Carolina, in Chowan county, and capital of Edtn- ton diftiidt. It ii fituaie on Albemarle found at the mouth of the Chowan, 7.5 m NNE Ni:wbern, and no e by n K.i- legh. Lon. 76 52 w, lat. 3^ 6 n. EdeJJ'a, a town of European Turkey, in Macedonia, once the refidcncc of th*! Macedonian kings. It i.i feated ncnr the Viftricza, 44 m wnw Salonica. Lon. 22 •? E, lat. 40 50 N. Edgarton, a leaport of Maflachufcts, chief town of Duke county. It is fituate on the E fide of the ifland of Marthas Vineyard, 20 m se Falmoutii, on the continent. Lnn. 70 30 w, lat. 41 25 n. Edghill, a village in Warwicklhiie, 14 m s Warwick, memor.Tble for the firft battle fought between Charles i and tht'parliament, in 1642. Edg/iitt a town of Hindooftan, in Golconda, feated near the Beemah, jult above its conlUix with the Kiftnah, 95 m bw Hydrabad. Lon. 77 45 E, lat. 1645N. Edgivnrc, a town in Middlefex, with a market on Thurfday ; feated on the Roman road, leading to St. Alban, 8m NW London. Edgworthtoivn, a town of Ireland, in the county of Longford, 9 m e by s Longford, and 6-» wnw Dublin. Edinburgh the metropolis of SccMand, in a county of the fame name, feated on three hills that run from e to w, in a diredlion almoft parallel, and about 7 m in circuit. On the middle ridfjc, which is narrow and fteep, ftands the Old Town ; the North Town is leatcd on an elevated plain, gently floping on every fide ; and the South Town ftands alfo on a fimilar floping eminence. The form of the Old Town refembles that of a turtle; the caftle being the head; the High-ftreet, the ridge of the back ; the narrow lanes (here called clofes) the fhelving fides ; and Holyrood-houfe, the tail. On each fide of this hill was once a lake. The s valley, drained of its waters, is occupied by Cowgate-ftreet. The N valley is alfo drained; but a mo- rafs remains, called the North Lech The ancient caftle is feated on a high, craggy, and precipitous rock, with a drawbridgeon the only fide that is accefli- ble : hereislhown thcapartment in which was born James vi of Scotland, after- ward James i of England. In the High- ftreet is the collegiate church of St. Ilia of N Ci- c coiinliea ot juiinas.Gatc-., •fl. ItabouiuU lid juniper. i Carolina, In jilal of Eckn- on Albemarle le Chowan, 71; 10 E by N R.i. 36 6 N. jpcAW Tiulu-y, «'fidcncc of th'! h fi'ated near Salouica. Lon, f Maflacliufcts, ty. It isfitu.ite md of Marthas moutli, on the w, lat. 41 J5 N- Warwicklhiie, (lornble for thi- :n Charles i and Hindooftan, in :he Becmah.jiift the Kiftnah, 95 1. 77 45 ^t lat. MiddU'ltx, with ■ ; I'eated on the 1) St. Alban, 8m own of Ireland, brd, 9 m E by s V Dublin, polls of SccMand, ne name, feated from E to w, in rallel, and about le middle ridne, fteep, ftands the \ Town 13 ibated gently Doping on mth Town ftands [ eminence. The rn refembles that being the head ; idge of the back ; re called clofes) Holyrood-houfe, e of this hill was ley, drained of its y Cowgate-ftreet. ained; but a mo- the North Loch. "eated on a high, )us rock, with a fide that isaccefli- partment in which f Scotland, after- ind. IntheHigh- tc church of St. E T) I Oiles, .1 fine Gothic ftrudurc, which his four places of public vvorftiip under its roof. Near this is the building in which ihf Scotch parliament were uuial- ly convened . it is now occupied by the courts of juUice; and has a magnificent lofty hall. The palace of Holyrood- liouft forma a grand quadrangle, with a court in the CfiUre furrounded by piazzas : the nw towers were built by James v, and the whole was completed 111 tlie reign of Charles n. A fpacious ^rall'ry here in hung with the pictures of III inonarchs, from Fergus i to James VI, the greatcft part of them imaginary. In the NW tower is fliown the room where c[\u'vn Mary fat at fuppe'-, when Riz'/io was dragged from her fide and murdered by Kuthven. Adjoining are the magnificent ruins of an abbey, founded by David i, and converted by Cliailes ir into a royal chapel. The communication between the n and s parts of ihe city is by two noble bridges, the North bridge and the South bridge. The North Town has inany new fquares and ftreets, adorned with uniform and elegant houfes. The build- ings of the South Town are likewife cjigant and extenfive, and the new college forms a very ftriking objefl". The univerfity, founded by James vi in 15H1, is celebrated throughout the world ; and its medical fchool, in par- ticular, is entitled to the firft rank. The high fchool of Edinburg has alfo been long famous fur the fcholars it has produced. Of the other buildings a lew only can be noticed : the royal ex- change, the regifter- office, the phy- Ikianshall, Heriot hofpital for the edu- cation of 140 poor boys, Watfon hof- pital for the fupport of the fons of de- cayed merchants, the royal infirmary, the public difpenfary, and fome other public charities. The churches, both prelbyterian and epifcopal, and other places of worfliip, of various denomi- nations, are numerous. The public places of amufement are, the affembly rooms, the concert hall, the hall for the royal archers, the theatre royal, and the equeltri;in circus. Edinburg has numer- ous manufadlures} and particularly of fine linen and cambric. The number of inhabit:uit8, exclufi e of Leith, was ^67,288 in 1801, and 84,624 in i6it. Si h IS fupplied with water conveyed in iron-pipes, from Comifton, 4 m to the w. It is governed by a lora provoft, a ilean of guild, a guild council, and 25 common council. Here are x4 incorpo- rated trades, each having a right to eledt » deacoi, who becomes a member of EGM council. On the t fide of the city is Salifbury cruig, a remarkable rock that prefents a fteep front, in the form of an amphitheatre, 550 feet high; being part of the hill called Arthur's feat. Two m to the s is the remain of CraigmilUr caftle, the refidence of James v during his minority, and of queen Mary after her return from France in 1561. Edin- burg 18 a m ssw Lcith (which in its port) and 377 n by w London. Lon. 3 I a vv, lat. 55 58 N. Kdmburgjl'tre, or Mid Lothian^ a county of l?!cotland, 27 m long and from 6 to 16 broad ; bound :d on the n by the frith of Forth, e by the ihiresof liadington, Berwick, and Roxburg, s by thofe of Selkirk, Peebles, and La- nerk, and w by Linlithgowftiire. It is divided into 41 parifties, which contain- ed 122,954 inhabitants in 1801, and 148,607 in 181 1. The foilia fertile, and product.'s corn of all forts, with plenty of gral's ; alio <- il, iron, limeftone, and black marble. The principal rivers are the Elk, Lcith, Amond, and Gala. E/ferdiuj^, a town of Auftria, with a caftle, feated near the Danube, 1 2 m w Lintz. Effingham^ a village in Surry, 12 m NE Guildford. It was once a much larger place ; for wells, and cavities like cellars, have been frequently found in the neighbouring fields and woods ; and in the church are fome ancient ftalls and monuments. j Egehh a town and caftle of Germany, in the duchy of Magdeburg, on the river Bode, 16 m ssw Magdeburg. Egenburgy a town of Auftria, noted for good wine, 13 m sw Znaim. Egina ; fee Engina. E^ipten, a town of the duchy of Courland, 100 m se Mittau. Lon 26 40 E, lat. 56 % N. Eglingen, a town of Suabia, capital of a Icrdfliip of the fame name, 6 m N Dillengcn. Eglifau, a town and caftle of Swifler- land, in the canton of Zurich, feated on the Rhine, 13 m n Zurich. Egmorit op den H»ef, a village of N Holland, 3 m w by s Alcmaer. It ap- pears to have been a confiderabletown, but was deftroyed, in 1573, by the en- raged Spaniards, after their failuiebefore Alcmaer. It now exhibits extenfive and piifturefque ruins, perhaps the only ruins in all Holland. Near it are two other village 3; Egmont op Zee, a mile to the w, on the fcacoaft ; and Egmont Binnen, nearly 2 m to the s, where a bloody and undecifive battle was fought, in 1799, between the allied I '"?■) '.'■,ll7f 'WKl '■^ € P. G Y Engliih ami Rufn.ni army and the f rencM and Dutch. Ej(ra^ or I'-f^tr, a fortified towji of Hdhemia, in the circle ot S.iatz, with ;i cidlle and a collij^e. It was taken by the French in i74a> but they were forced to evacuate it th« next year, through famine. Here are manuf.idurcs of h-a- thcr, hats, clothi, and Aiif^'n; nnd its mineral wattrs are famous. It is leatcd on the F.gra, 90 m w by n Pra^suc Lon. ij J7 E, lat. 50 5 N. Ej^rfntout^ a town iti Cumberland, with a market on Saturday. On the w fide is an urtiiicial mount, with the ruins of a callle ; and -^ m to the kK, in the wooded vale of the Calder, are the re- mains of Calder abbey. Egremont is featod near the Irilh lea, on the river Eben, 5 m sse Whitehaven, and 189 nw London. l^ripo ; fee Negrtpont. Kgypt, a country of Africa, 500 m in length, ami 250 where broadeft ; bounded on the n by the Mediterra- nean, E by the Kcd fea and the ifthmus of Suez, s by Nnbia, and w by the de- icrts to the k; of Fczzan. The broadelt part is from Alexandria to Damietta, and thence it gradually growfi narrower, till it approathcB Nubia. This coun- try, lo famous in hiftory for its fertility, iins not that extent of cultivation as in ancient tim:>8 ; many lake!) and canals being now filled up, and, with the lands they watered, are become delisrts, the lands of which annually accumulate. Egypt is divided into the Upper, Mid- dle, and Lower, which lall compre- hends the Delta ; and though the air is naturally hot, and not very wholefome, it enjoys fo many other advantages, that it has been always extremely popu- lous. The ancient kings governed Egypt, till C.^mbyles became mafter of it, 525 years B. C. and in their time all thofe wonderful ftruftures were raifod, and works perfcifted, which we cannot behold without aftonifhment. Thefe ^re the pyratnidsi, the labyrinth, the immenfe grottos in Thcbaid ; the obe- liflcs, temples, and pompous palaces ; the lake Mceris, and the valt canals, which fcrved both for trade, and to render the land fruitful. After this conqueiljCambyfcs demoliflied the tem- ples, and perfecuted the priefts. Tliis country continued under the Perfian yoke, till the time of Alexander the freat, who, having conquered Perfia, built the city of Alexandria. He was fucceeded by Ptolemy, the fon of Lagos, 324 years B. C Ten kings of that name fucceeded each other, till Cleo- T':(t Y patra, the ftftcr .)f the laft Ptolemy, afctndetl the thione; when Egypt be- came a Roman province, and continued 16 till the rtign of Otnar, the fccond califf of the fucct ir<>rs of Moh.imed, who drove out the Komaiis aft'-r it had been in their haniis 700 years. When the- power of the caliHs declined, Sa- ladin let up the empire of the Mam* louku, which became fo powerful in timf, that they extended thiir domi- nions over a jreat part of Africa, Syria, and Arabia. Lalt of all, Sc!iin,aTurk* ilit einpert)r, conquered Egypt. The prefent population of Egypt is com- puted at 2,500,000, which is not one half of the number it contained when fubjcdl to the Romans. The inhabil- .•mts are compofed (»f four different races of people ; the 'I'urks, who arc now mailers of the country ; the Arabs, who were conquered by the Turks; the CoptH, who are delcendcd from the firft Euyutians, ihat beca.^^e Chrirtians ; and the Mamlouks, who weu onginally C'ircaflian or Mmgrelian ll.ives, and for a long time the only military force in the country. Egypt has been, for many ytars, diitraded by the civil wavs be- tween the difierent contending beys, by which its 24 provinces were governed. The famous Hafll-n All, the Turkiflj admiral, gained leveral vititeries over them in 17H6 ; but though he rcpreirni, he could not totally fubdue them. The French invaded this country in 1798, under general Bonaparte, who defeated the Mamlonks in leveral engagementii; but after the depirture f E^ypt, foiinrrly account- ed one of the fcven womUrs of the world, are all built on rocky and landy plains ; the Urgfft, which \% mar Oizf h, , i.*; 500 feel in perpendieul.ir hei^jht, the length of the bafc it ;«o fi'i-t, anil it lakes up eleven acres of nioiind. Mere are alfo cavcruii, containing innmmieH, or embalmed dead hodies, which atr found in coflins let uprijjht in niches of the walls, and have contiuiitd there ftt Icaft 4oeo year?. The principil city is Cairo. Elunfrrn, a town of Siiabia, nfr which the Aufttiins \ri're defeated by the French in iBo';. It iii Itattd on tlie Danube, 12 \\\ sw Ulni. Ehingetiy a town of Suabia, leated on the Neckar, oppolile Uottnberg, 6 ni w by s Tubingen. lihrenhrtitjidn, a fortrefs of Ger- many, in the circle of Lower Rhine, on the river Rhine, oppolitc Coblentz. It Hands on the furnmit of a ftupendons rock, not lefs than S .0 feet above the level of the river, and is deemed to b" impregnable. It has a comtnunication with Coblentz, by a iiibtcrrancous paf- fage, cut out of the iolid rock, and i« plentifully fupplied with water I'r nn a well 280 feet deep. In the vale of Ehrenbreitftein is an old palace, which belonged to the elector of Treves. This fortrefs furrendcred, through famine, to the French, in 1799, after a blockade of above ao months. Ehrtnfels, a fortrefs of BHv:\ria, in the duchy of Neubuiy, which j^vci name to a lordfliip. It is 13 in n \v I\u- tifbon. Eichfild, a territory of Lower Sax- ony, furrouiided by Br'tnfwick, Thn- ringia, and Hefle. It pioduc-es much flax and tobacco. Ilciligenftadt is thi? capital. ii'i^^-, an ifland of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, to the s of Sieve, 5 m long and 1 broad. It is p:ut!y (lat, and partly hilly and rocky, with fomc bafal- food to the inhabitants of Upper Egypt, tic pillars. The low grounds are fertile. who rarely enjoy thrf luxury of rice ; hil Loch ; fee Linnhe^ Loch. and onions, remarkably mild and of the EUenburg, a town of Upper Saxony. pureft white, continue to be a favourite in Mifnia, fituate on the Mulda, i x in diet among all clafles. The animals of Egypt are tigers, hyenas, antelopes, apes, beeves, fine horfes, large afles, orocodilcs, the hippopotamus, the c%- NE Leipzic. Eimeo, one of the Society idea, in the Pacific ocean, lying i a m w of Ota- heite. The produifls of the two iilands, I' hi m m I i, .1 u^^'ll 1: 'I 'ft-: ( K T. B and the manneri of the proplt?, ue nuich the (hmc Kimro has ftccp ii!^». f;<-d hillH, rutnitig in different dirr^tioni, raving l.iigi* vallrys and gently liftng ground al>oiit thrir fulffi. The hills, though rocky, are generally covered with trees aiiuort to the topH. On its N fide IS the harbrar Taloo. Lon. 150 9 w, lat. 17 30 fl. Einbeck^ a fortifipd town of Lower Saxony, capita! of the principality of Cirubenhagen. It has m.mufadturei of clot!t and all kinds of (luffH; and in the mountain near it are mincu of filver, iron, copper, and lead. It i» litu;itc on the lime, 17 m n Ciottingcn. Lun. 10 4 w, lat. ji 45 »'• Kifenacltt a town of Upp 1 5'axotiy, in Thuiingia, capital '" ;; priicipality of the fame name, v '■ ' c biated college. The duke re ' > s ii <. caltle within the town; andthei. i.unot/- ' on a mountain out of it, called Warti. <;, vhich,in 1511, was for fomc time the afylum of Luther. It is fcated on the Ncfle, at its conflux with the Horlbl, 16 m iv Ootha. Lon. 10 21 e, lat. 51 o n. Eifenartzt or EifenitZt a town of Germany, in Stiria, famous for its iron mines, 34 m nnw Gratz. Eijl'itjladt, a town of Hungary, with a magnificent palace, 5 m NwEdenburg. EijUben^ a town of Upper Saxony, capital of the county of Mansfcld, with .1 decayed caftle. The celebrated Lu- ther was born and died here. In the churches of St. Andrew and St. Ann are the fuperb burial-places of the an- cient counts of Mansfcld. Eiflebcn contains many breweriei. and derives much profit from the neighbouring iron mines. It is 28 m nnw Nauraburg. Lon II 47 E, lat. 51 3a N. Eifsfeld, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, with a caftle. It has manu- fadtures of indigo and vitriol, and ftands on the Werra, near its fource, 7 m e Hildburghaufen. Ekanas, a town of Sweden, in Ny- land, on a bay in the gulf of Finland, 50 m SE Abo. I'lkf/io^ a town of Sweden, in Smo- land, 28 m e»e Jonkoping. Elbat an ifland in the Mediterranean, near the coafl: of Tufcany, 15 m long and 4 broad. It contains mines of ex- cellent iron, and quarries of marble, in the hilly parts ; die valleys and narrow plains yield excellent grapes, oranges, lemons, and other fruit ; but the Toil is Tory ftiallovv, with few places level enough for corn. It has two good har- bours, Porto Longone and Porto. Fcr- rajo. It was lately fubjctit to the prince K L E of Piombino, and now belongs to the French. ElkojfitHOt a town of European Tur. key, in AltMni,-i,45 m hk Uura/zo. Elbe, a river of Germany, which rifeg in the (iiant nnniniainH hetwcei) Bohemia and Silcliit ; IIowh by Koningf. erst/, Leutmcrit/, Dreldon, UcfTau, Aleiflen, Wittenberg, Mn^delmrjr, llatrdiurg, and Glocktiadt, and enters the German, o ean at Cuxhavcn. It is n;!vigablc for ihips to Hamburg, which is 70 m trt>m the lea ; a cciurie of na- vif:,ntion longer than that of any odier river in Europe. Elhrrton, .1 town of the (lute of Georgia, chief of Elbert roimty. It is feated near the Tiig«'lo, 73 m nw Au- gull.i. Lon. 82 ,15 w, lat. n 55 n. Elhrtou, a town of the ftste of Georgia, in Eflinj;him county, feateil on die 0>,'i »'Ci'e»', 36 m w hbtnezcr. Lon. 82 2 w, lat. .;: 31 n. Elbiuf, a town jf I'rancc, in the de- partment of Lower Seine, with a ma- nufa».*ture of clotii ; feated on the Seine, lo m s Rouen, and 65 nw V.xxU. Elbhig, a ftrong town of W Pniflia, in the palatinate of Maiienburg, with a conliderablt trade in butter, cheefe, and corn ; feated on a river of the fame name, near its entrance into the Frifch Hafl', ^o m Lsi: Dantzic Lon. 19 30 e, lat. ^4 18 n. Elbogen, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saat/, with a citadel ; feated on a mountain, by the river Egra, 16 m N fc Egra. Eiburj^, a town of Holland, in Gel- derland, on the e coall of the Zuider zee, 10 in NE Ilarderwick. EL/u; a town of Spain, in Valencia, fuppofed, from the magnificent remains found in and near it, to be the ancient Ilici. It is 10 m sw Alicant. Elephant a, an ifland on the w coaft of Hindooftan, 5 m from Bombay. It contains one of the moil inexplicable antiquities in the world. The figure of an elephant, of the natural fize, cut coarlely in ftom*, appears on the land- ing-place, near the foot of a mountain. An eufy flope then leads to a fubtcr- ranean temple, hewn out of the folid rock, 80 feet long and 40 broad, the roots fupported by rows of pillars 10 feet high. At the further end are three gigantic figures, which were mutilated by the abfurd zeal of the Portuguefc, when this ifland was in their pofleflion. Elephanta wan ceded to the Englilh by the Mahrattas. EletiZj a town of RuiTia, in the go- vernment of Orel, deftroycd liy fire in »T4S «i C"''i, ho a lufiy m fio m Kti J'/i'Hf/l i'-l-uth to the N\ concincre Chii-a. i ^lf>bu, Oothl.nul 'ca, 4 ni .s Upland, t httic abov It is 4H ,„ IHfulai, rarlii, not porpJijiy, '•ns, and o 70 in NNW Eli^iit, a P'f.il of El c.illed iVIot, hi'hop. H, 'ngs ercc*te(l dral was o: ftrii^Jliires i fuins are a ti^ the NK, I '.'"? palace 01 lidencc of tl rooms are ft to the 3W, A '""■Re rem.iii ' 't,'iii ftands P^'ft at Lofl tolerable har fxportetl. ri i( c ong« to the lopcan Tiir. ura/zo- i;iny, which i»n» hctwc* u by Kouingf- , ami enters luvtn. It is ibvnp. which :(Hirl'c of nn- , of any oihcr the tVite of county. It is ^^ m NW Au- the ftstc of comity, li-atcd 1 w Lbttiewr. 1,'cc, in the lie- nc, with a ma- id on the Heine, w ?ari^. , of W Pniflia, iiiilmrg, with a ttcv, chccfe, and ci- of the fame into the Frifcli Lon. 19 30 "> L ,()hcmia, m the citadel; featcd river Eura, 16 m iloUand, «n Gel- h. of the Z-uider );iin, in Valencia, fcnificent remains [o be the ancient llicant. I on the w coaa ,m Bombay. It ^oll inexphcahle I. The figure ot latural fize, cut ears on the land- rit of a mountain. td3 to a fubtcr- Tout of the folid [id 40 broad, the lows of pilla" "^ Iher end arc three [h were mutilated V the Portuguefe, [n their poffeffion. Ito the Englilh by ,luffia, in the go- [ftroyed Vrf fir« >«» KLI 774*, and (Ince ivhiiilt. lien* arc a liuml cr 01 t'o>)(CH, and .1 trade in cattlci Co'fi, hoii^Vi .ind leather. It Ibindnoii a ltit",y aiid ii<»';) hill, by therivcrEUt/, Bo in Ksf. ()r»'. I.li-iith.'ra \ 111- ^''thaflut' I'U,-uths, .1 kinjfdo n "'' T.irtlchi/, a town of Sweden, in Upland, on the riv.T Dalil, which a little above forms a b'-awtilul catara^it. It is 4« rn N by w UplM. El/sdal, a town ol Sweden, in Dale- curlia, noted for curionn iju^irries of porphyry, of which tablt'8, vaf.'S, mor- tars, and otln-r articles arc made. Il is 70 m NNw Tahlun. J'/jfiii, a borough of Scotland, c.t- pit.d of Elf,'iii!hite. It wai fonnerly called Moray, and tht-n was tin- Ice of a hidiop. Here arc many large old build- ings eretffed ov^.r pia/zas. The cathe- dral was one of the moft magnilicent ftrn^itwrcs in Scotland ; of which its ruins are u fufficient proof. Two in to tliR NE, on the a bank of a lake, U the palace of Spynie, formerly the rc- tidenct of the bilhop, of which Ibme rooms are (till pretty entire ; and 6 m to the 3W, on the river LofTie, are the large remains of Plulcarden priory. I Igiii (lands on the Loflie, 5 m from its part at Loilicmouth, where there is a tolerable harbour, whence much corn is exported. The number of inhabitants was 4345 in I Ho I. and 4602 in 1811. It is 38 m K N E Invtrnefs, and 163 n Edinburg. Lon. ^ 20 w, lat. 57 36 n. Klg'mjhire, or Morayjhiret a county of Scotland, 40 m long and 30 broad ; bounded on the N by the Moray frith, R by Ban(rHhiic, s by the (hires of Aber- deen and Invernefs, and w' by the latter uk! Nairndiire. It is divided into 18 parilhes, which contained z6,705inhabit- wisin 1801, and s8,ioU in 181 1. The s part is mountainous, and occupied by forefts ; but the greateft part is rich, .md produces wheat, barley, oats, and flix. The chief rivers are the Spey, Findhorn, and Lo(}ie. Elinge, a village in IIamp(hire, at tlie htad of Southampton bay, 5 m w Southampton. Hereare docks for build- ing and repairing fliips, and (lorehoufes for merchandife and corn, in which laft it carries on a confiderable trade. iUtfabeth Ijlandsy fmall iflands near thecoaft of Maffachufcts, bearing nw ELL of Marthas Vim-yard, and helonging fo Dnkc county. Tin y are about i() in number j the chief of u-hich arc Nalh- awn. Pafcjui, N.ill awi-nna. i'infquc(e, ami Ch ifaliunk. Nalhawn. tlie lar|^i'fl, Inpports .1 confidcnible nundier of cat- tle anil (hc'cp, uiid is I'lmous lorrxccl- ItDt clnt-le and wool It is 1 m from thf coniiiivnt, and the n point 6 tn wsw I'.ilm Mith. 1,011. 70 38 w, Lit. 41 34 N. I'.lijabtthtoiun, a town of New Jirl'ey, in riiiirx eonnty, with a haiidlbinc prel^ liytirian ciiiiich, an tpil'eopal church* and an teadi-my ; (itiiate on a cr«ek ot Newark bay, lo n» "isw Ntvvaik, and 40 NK Trenton. Elifahftlttowii, a town tt Arcliaitnil, on ;i nvvr of the I'litu- ti.imi') iiritr irn cm iIhk wiili t))r I'ctL-hoM, tiotn k Mi/«,it. Lou. 53 .(^ K. lit. 65 20 H. /•.V«;i, /'>/•/ .SV. a iiirlrrf'» of Vr.Uice, in llu- di-paitincnt ul Ivillcni Pvniitcit- It w.iutiiktn hy thv Spaui.ii\l« in i79,{. but ri'triki-ti the next >< ir. It ft'i lat. ,>;'J 10 N. lUtitt^ t(i*vn of I'laiM'f, in the lU*- |».irtmtnt < f li ilUrii I'jrriu'CH, fomn r!y the f' f of a l)illi()i>. It lulf'uiii };r.;itly in liu' civil wau duiiti;; ihc rri^'ii of Liui:i XI, anil is U ni •< by i-- Pcrpign.m. I'.lora, a town of lliiuluodaii, in Dowl.iuliad, cc!tbr.ttal lur its [j ijjoii i«, cut txit of tilt.' iMtiir.il locU. It i;i I ) in N Aiiiiinj;aliaki. /•'//'/'v';/. ,1 town oflrtliiiil, in the foun'y of KolcoTmiiou, aiul the He of a lulliop. 'i he cithrdi.il ii ftrill, ,uul, Icrvcs ;i') tlu; pariih cliuich. li >:« 17 tii »f Kol'comnum. E.'riih, a town of Upper Six»)'iy, in Thill ingia, c.ipital ol ilio t-diiaty <,f ll"htn(ti;in. It Itnids 011 t'c river Zorgf, 1: m NNw Nordhiufcu. Lon. JO 4^ y ^ lat. 3 I sii ^' iUjinLiir^', 1"< c IL! 'n'^Lmy,. r.tjmores a town ot' L)ciiin;irk, fcaM'd on the Sound, in tht* ille of Zvahnid. Ii i» the moll coitinicrci.d placi.' in Den- mark, next to Copenhagen, btiti),' the refidence of a coiilidti.ililc nnn.bcr of foreign nit-rchants, and tlie cniiluis of tile piiiieipal nations trading to the Baltic. A little 10 the 1 is the fortrcfu «)f Cro'ihorg, wliich guards the Sound. Kvtry vellel, as it piilVcs, pays a toll ;it ' KKinore, in return for which the crown takes the charge of conftrutfling light- lioufes, and eretSling lij^iuls 10 innrk the tliouls and rcx:k8, troi.i tli*' Categat 10 the entrance irito tlie B.iliic. Thice in from the town ia a coniideraKlr ina- rufaituie of arms, which fuppl'ts the vhole Daiii)h army. Elfiiunr has no harbour, but a good nnd fdli; ro.id, and ia 22 m V Copenhagen. Lon. 13 j5 f, lat. .?6 o N. See ^ronborf^. ElJJ'teth, a town of Wcftpbalia, at the conflux of the Hunt with the Wefer, 13 m i;ne Oldenburg. Eljier-werda, a town and caftie of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, on the rivi ,Elfttr, 24 m N by w Drefden. F M T) Elilhtm, A town in Kcnt| witi) « mar* k'-t on Mond.iy. Ilrre are the rtm«ioi of A pil4i'«', in which I'.tlward 11 oUrn r(rK!ed,.ind hi* fon, Johi of Elthaai, w.i« horn , it i* now in part convnttd into I f.irm-hoiife, and tli« (latrly hall fkiiiiiH the birn. It 1.1 H in •* I.nndun. i-.7i/./i,a Ur.-rij: frontier rii y of For. tn^al, in Alrnti !•>• and a biihop'a fcr» w'lh M i-a(ll«'. Here i« a cincrn that will hold w.itiT ••nous.h for the town for (ix inontlii. The water i« bum^lit hy a Moorilh aqneduif), 4 in in hn^jth, which in limie placis is fiippurted hy fi'vernl l*orie* ot uiche^. On th: fide of it i« A I'oreft of olive«ireei, ^ m long, aiitong wtiich are wdki .ind fine f<>nn< tain*. l!lvai wa-i b mtbardcd by {he Frrnch in 1706. A royal acadimy for young gentlemen wai founded hrre in i;..^.). It is :{M in lnk Kvora. and iilt K i/i.Tjon. Lon. 6 ';6 w, Lit. .^H 49 w. I'.liv^ngen, a town of Silabia, with 4 cillle on a inoiintain ; fcatrd un the J.ixt. 14 m s'*' Notdliiigen. /'.7y, a city in C.iriiltridgeUiiro, aiid j bilhop'H lee, with a in.irket on S.itur. d.iy. Ii is feated on thr Onl'e ( which is n.ivigible hence to Lynn) in the fenuy liaa, cilled flic Ifle ot Lly, It is ,i county of itlilf, including the territory aioiii.d it. and hau a diltini^t civil aiul 1-1 1'liinal jurilcli iioii, of which the t)i> Hiop is the head. It h.H u tine catiiiv di.d, but h otherwiii; a mcin pl.ici-, aud conlaiiK'd 4249 inhabitants in itli i. It i'i 1 7 in N C.I iibridge, and 67 N by K London. I. on. o 9 k, lit. 51 24 ^^ /."/y, a ^ownof Sc(.lland, In Fiitfliiic, With a gov'd harbon--, on the Iritii nf Fo'th, and much li f|uenfed for fca- bathiiig. It it 1 1 in s iic. Andrew. EIze, a town ot Lower .Saxony, in the principality of Iliidelbrim, liated on tlic Lciii.i. 10 in sw Ijildellieim. Emboly, a town of Euiopcan Tur- key, ill Macedonia, and a Greek arcli- Liliiop'^ (i-e. It is the ancient An lii* poli^; and is fometimen called Chrifto- pobs. It is ftatcd on tli>- Stromona, 40 in NK Salonica. Luu. 23 55 fc, lat. 40 59N- I'nihrun, a city of France, in the de- partment of Upper Alps, and lately the lee of a bifliop. It ha« a fortriis built by Lewis .\i v, and is feafed on a craggy rock, near the river Durance, 17 ml Oatj. Lon. 6 29 k, l.it. 44 54 n. r.mdtn, .f ftrong town of Weftph.illa, c.ipital of M Fricflund. It has a good harbour and a fafe road, at the mouth of the Ems; and conTiderable manu- fuiflures of (lockings, foap, leather, and cotton. The grcatcil part of the inlu- wUIi a mar- ihe riniaim of £lih.int. ft con*rit'd e ftntfly lull 5 London. c'k V "^ ^"'" hilhop'n fee, tiUctn th»t r the town for m m litigth, fiiliportfd V'y On ill 5 Itilc •es, ^ m long, nd t'uitf fi-'in* )ardcd l>y '''« a acucUmy for iijnilcd In re m ivora. and n» lit. .»8 49 N- 8»ubu, with * fcated o» Ihe id^-rUtirc, and a irkc't on S.«tuv- iwi) in the fciuiy i,f Liy. li >8 a i„jj the territory Jiltii>et civil .ml ,f vvl>ich ilic bi- |,,n u tine catlu- mc.in pl:>c<-. aud aiitn in iBii. It , and 67 N by R ht. 5X iv"- . ;uul, ".n iM.diinc, on tbe I'ritli >'f (ViinU'd fur lea- st. Atidrcw. .)vv<'i- Saxonyi m iUlrlhti'". I'^tef^ . ilildellicim. If En,<>lJcan Tur )il .-^ Greek arcii- ancient An 1''" ;es called Chnfto- tlir Stromona, 4° 13 55 ^» ^^^- *° Iprance, in the de- Ilp3.andl^t<:lyt|i« las a fortrcis built If.-atcdonacraggy 1 Durance, 17 •"• lit. 44 54 '*■ Iwn of VVeaphala, \ It has a good tad, at the moutlv Luriderable mann- [foap. leather* and ^ part of the ibI»»- EN I^ bitanti .nreCdtinifti, and'thrrcire tome Luthennn, pipit*, and Jcwi. It ii la in rNiGroningen,iind 47 wnw OlJen- bur|. (.on. 7 M », lit. j.) to n. i.mly, a vilLige of Ireland, In the county of Tipptrary, I m vv bv 1 Tip- per iry. It w.i» ;i vrry ancir nf hllhoptic, and haa Itill .1 ch-tptcr, but the lie w.it united. In I ^<.8, to th«' fcf of C.ilhcl. J'.mmfHJini(ffi, \ town of Sunbhi, in RiilK.iu, and chi<-f town in t^^e marqui- late of llochherg J Icittd on the river F.na. lo \i\ N by v\ Priburj!:. fimmerick, a llronj town of CJrr- miny, In thedwchy of Clevr. It h.i» a confidernble tr.utc with IloHunil, and it leatrd on the Khin«*, . i tn nw WtlV. J'mmit/hurjf, a town of Miryland. in Frederic county, beiwern the w he.id watfis of th<" Mt)n(H-i>ry, 34 tn unk Frrdciic, and 50 in nw Baltimore Emou^, or Hinmrn, ,\n illird of China, lyinjj off tfic loaft of the pro- vince of Fokien. It ban a port i^> ex- tfiifive, that it can contjin thonl^nda of vilicU i luid lii drcp, th;it the Inr j;cft lliip» may lie clofc li> the ihow without ilanj^cr. It was furmerly much frf- iiucnled by European vcdcls ; but now all the trade ih carried on ;it Canton. This iflvitl is particularly celtbratfd on accoii it of the tnagniricencc of its prin- cipal p.igod, dedicated to their god Fa- LoM. 1 16 27 t:, lat. 34 \ I. Kmpol'h .1 town ot Tnfeany, featcd on the Arno, 17 m !m itH fi>urc<> to Tyiol. It i* divided into Upper and Lovwrr | th« chief town* Zuiz and Ci'mct/.. tnsf'bfrx^ a v.illty of Swin'erland, in thr canton of Uinlcrw.ilden, 10 m loiijj, luirouiuKd by mr)unt.iin«. It is lubjcdt to the iibb>.'t of a BenediClinemonallerv of the fame natr^e, whofe rrvenues arlla princip.illy fiot^ a comrncr>w Altdorf. En^ell.olm, .1 iVaport of Sweden, in Schoticn, on u biy ol tht- Caieg it, witfk good anchoia^'c. In 167K, it was taken by the D.tnt'S after an (^bllinatf defence. It is 44 ni N by w Lund. Lon. la 57 b, |jt.^6 \i N. J^n^rn, a town nf Suabia, in the prin- cipality of Furik-nburg, ao m tsE Furf. tenluirg. Eni^ffj, a town of Germany, in Wef- terwald, capital ofa county of it!) name. It is feated near the Rhine, ao m wnw Dic'tz. Eitffhein, a town of the Netherlands, in Hainault, 15 m sw Briidtls. Engia, or Ejfhia, an ifland of Euro- pean Turkey, in tl:f jiulf of Engia, be- tween Livadia and Morcu- It is of a triangular form, 36 m in circuit, fur- rotinded by rocks, and lias no harbour. The chief town is of ihc fame name, 34 m ssw Athens. Lon. 23 59 B, lat. 37- 45 N. England, the I'outhern part of the illand of Great Britain, bounded on th« N by JScotland, ne ahd e by the Ger- man ocean, 8 by the Englilh channel, and w by St. George channel, the pfin* cipality of Wales, and the Irifli fea. It is of a triangular form : and from the S Foreland in Kent, which may be termed the e point of the triangle, to Birwick upoQ Tweed, which it the Wt -III. •^ ■ #i i ' '1 '1 ;. •■ Jil i( < ■ r. iN ti iu Irc'li I* ,«s mi from tli.ii point to ibc L^iuliriitl ill Coriiw ill, which m th« «v, It U 4ti • •iixl «o04t4O0 utrm.Thctiiimhfrof rfllilciii itih^tiiMntt wa» H,»V»*»'»7» ill iNii I to thrif .1 thirtii-tli p4it tnav b« *d«lc«l for tfu* .irmy anil ii.ivy, which will r:iiic ihf l.ift tiuimcMtiDii to o,fi6,foo- The Cwf t)f till- coiiiitry af- loriliallthit li^iiitifiil v.irirty which cin b< t'liuiid In thr molt fxtcnliv** tradu of thr kIoIh' I not, however, without r«>« m.iniici and cvcti tiri.iry fc-ciKii, hifty mountttintf cn^rijy rockii, hi u k harren moortf atui wutc iinriiliiv.itcd hruhti and yt't, few i-oimtrir* h.ivr ,\ lm.illi-r ptoportion of Ltud .iblolutcty Ocriir and mcipihlc of cultirt', 'Ihi* riclirll puitH zrf, in (tcni.'ral, the midland and iouth* ern. Toward ihc N it partikf* of the harrcnncfsof the neighbonrin>; Scoilaiu!. The K coaft iitjn many pirli, Tandy and marihy- A range uf rude and elevated J:ind, lometimea rifing into lolty moun- tain*, tittendi from the borderit of Scot- land, to thi very heart of England, form- ing a natural divifion between the E and w fiilta of the kinpdom. Cornwall is (lib a rou{;h hilly tra6 } ind a fimilir character prevailti in p.irt of th<' adjacent countieii- Thcfe mountainoii* tra ad, has been reared to the greairlt tli->;rec of perfertl«m. The horic lui been trained up fur all the varioU< pur- polifs of nrength nnd IwiftMrls, fo m tit txcel in thole qualities the fame animal in every other country. The hoiiu'd rattle have been brought to the lar^'i It li/e and grcateft julliuli of Ihape. 'i'lif different races of Ihecp are varionlly diltir.gniftiecl, either for uncommon I'lzr, goodiicf* of (Iclh, and plenty or tinenrli of wool. The - r Almoft my ^b\e prUiUtc irnl Improvcil ilrupciW »•'*'» 1 1 a* the lox, hari*, rabbit, cr hivnd, every itrpDrlct) from to Ibc Ktciiifll I'he boric Ini ic varioii. pur- iftnelii, fo ""* III he fame ;«itim:>l . The boim-il t to tb« l.irK' It of Ib.ipc. 'I'he p aic v.uiuiilly iincomm"" r»z«*, Iciity or rtiunrli it« parkn, which breed, arc lupe- ami ib'licacy ot :oimlrici. Kvcti d(»gn hav beer oura^c, ftnnj^th, b«r n>«rt with i ll<- nriit ill the vcge- ill.ind i» not lelt anim:il. Nutn, few wild b<'irif», rU;ty of v.getahle could boaft. To lo llic ctforts vi for cnrn.elculciit 1(1 all its naidiii nl k.H of EiirIihJ cat vaiiety of lillt. ^il article of piovi. xople- 'Ilu- '"»• crci' of this coun- |j, and various ; in [cotton, and juud- particular, it h.« ire-eniinciicc ', nor [)f fk'gunt eavlheit- i(d thouvjb nature .Cb fl uitH of OlJKV in;iiiufai. fn each of the circuit*, inr ihi* iiiof) p4rt, iM-o of ihe Jiulgf^ admiiiiltrr jiillic^, twric a yr.ir Ihry «re, r Thr llomr Circuir. which roiitain* thr ctuiniira of Mcrtford, KD'OC, K**fii, Surry, And Muf< (t*. % The Norfolk, C(itil-nnin(( lliick- iiitfhiim, l(i-t|lonl, HiintiDndon, C4in- hridK'-, Riiirolk, «iiit Norfiilk. n.'Viw Oxioiit, coutainiiiK Oxford, Hrrk*, tHoiicrllfr, Wiirctdcr, Monmouih, llrrrlord, Sali'p, and Stafloril. 4 'Ihe .Vldland, coniaininK Warwick. I.< i- cfUcri Di'rby, Nottingham, Lincoln, Kutlaiui, and Noitliamptoii. 5. The Northern, containiii}^ York, Diiili.un, NorthiiinlK'tland, Lancdlter, WcHiii'm- l\nd, and C'liinhcrland. 6. The Well- i-rn, containing ll.uiti, Wiltl, Dorii-t, Nimeili't, Devon, and Cornwall. Two other coiintitft, Middlrfcx and Chcfler, irr not included in any circuit. The Itablilhed religion, an contained in the Article* of the Church of Kngl.uid, ii Olvinifm ; but tliefu artickvi uie iriier* preted, by the clergy in general, nc« Duling to the more liberal principled ot Arminiui : and all oth«r relij^ions arr tiiltratcd. The eccleliaflical clivilion of Kngland in into twoarchbiliiopiicii. call- ((I the provincrN of Canterbury and Vork. I'hat of Canterbury ccitaiuH the «lioccle» of London, Winchelli-r, lUth and Wells Bridol, Chichcltir, Kly, Exeter, Gloucefter, Hereforvl, Lichfield and Coventry . Lincoln, N -r- wich, Oxford, Peterborough, Uochc' ;pr, S,illfbiiry, and Worccftcr, bcfulc the tour Wellh bilhoprits of St. David, B,inpor, LandafT, and St. Aliiph. The province of York contains the vHocefes of Durham, Chcfler, and Catiinc, and ih.it of Sodor and Man. Every prelate of the li'cs enumerated, that of Sodor nil Man excepted, has a feat in the hotifc of lords. London in the capital, j:J thr mctropulis aU'o of the whole Britilh pmpiir. Kniflaud, ytiv, a country of N Ame- riailMMinded on the N byCa, ada, fc by I New Biunfwick and the AtlanMc, s by (hit ocean, and vv by New York. It is hhc moll populous part of the I'uited States, and the inhabitants are moftly deli:endcd from the natives of England. It contains the ftates of Vermont, New Uampfhire, MallachulctB, Rhode Illand, |uid t onneSticui. Enhoping, a town of Sweden, in Up- llind, htuate at the end of a creek of the |l»lie Maeler, 31 m sw Upfal- EnntrdaU-%. i* the vilKii^;*' ol Ci.iri', one • the < apil.d of the coiinry. Miiniii Ii IX m wNw Limerick, and 1 18 w '.w Dublin. Loo 9)1 w, Int. 5* 44 n. i'ntitl'iQrllitf, .i borough of Ireland, in the County ot Wexford, with a llrong c.illlc. IK re it a manulai^iire of coarle woollen cloth and lotnc iron-works. It ii lUuate on the Sl.tury, clolV under Vincgarhill, u m N Wtxford, and iy Nk Watcrford. hlnni/kUltn, .1 borough of Ireland, capital of the county of l\ rnian.tgh. It It fi-aicd w, lat. 54 15 s. i'lnnijleafje ; fee Inijlioge. lino, or I'^noj, a town of European Turkey, in Romania, and a Greek arch* bilhop 8 fee. It l\.indB near a gulf of the Arcliipelago, at the influx of the Ma- rifl'a, 90 m s by w Adriaiioplc. Lon. a6 15 K,lat. 40 46 N. Ens, a town of Auftria, on a river of the fame name, at its conflux with the Danube, izrn ese Lint/. En/ffie, a town of Egypt, on the R fide of the Nile. Here are confiderable ruins of the ancient Antinoc. It is lao m H 'v airo. Lon. 30 54 e, lat. a8 5 n. linJijMm, a town of France, in the department of Upper Rhine, on the river III, lomsColmar. I'lnjkirktn, a town of France, in the department of Roer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of JuHers, 15 m sw Co- logne. Enjlorfy a town of the palatinate of Bavaria, 22 m N Ratifbon. Entlibuc/i, a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Luccrn, 14 m wsw Lu> cern. Entre Douro c Minho, a province of Portugal, lying on the leacoaft between the rivers Douro and Minhojand bound' ii' I, I EPl ed on the e by Tra lor. Montei. It is very populous, and didinguifhed by its well-condiKil* 1 agricullure- Braga is thi' capital. Entxirjlorf, a town of Auftria, with a c-iftli* liirroiindt'd by walla and ditchce, on the left bank of the Danube, la m E8F Vienna. Eper'ttiy a town of Upper Hiinpary, capital of the county of Saros, cele- brated for its mints of fait. It is ftat» d v on theTatza, ao m ne Caflbvia. Lon. • IMF., lat. 48 so N. Eptrnatf, a tov/n of France, in the dtpaitrritnt of M.irnc. It was taken by Henry iv in 151; 2, when n*arflial Hiton was killed while the king's hand was on h;.! flioulder. Xhc wines produced rn its ntijrhboiirhooo are excellent. It is 17 m Nw Chalons. F.pernon, a town of France, in the department of Eure and Loir, 15 m jJNfc Chartrts. Ephtfus, a village of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, anciently one of the moft fplendid cities of Aiia Minor, and the moft frequented empo'iii.n of thnt con- tinent. Of its formtr IpKndour there is noihinp to be feen but heaps of mar- ble, overturied walls, columns, capi- tals, and pieces of ftatues. The for- trefs, which is on an eminence, iiiems to have been the work of the Gieek emperors; and alio the aqurcludt, pait of which is yet flanding, fapported by pillars of fine marble. Tie ealtern gate has three baflb-relievos, taken from fome ancient monuments: that in the middle was conftrufted by the Romans. The moft rtmaik.ibic ftruflure w.is the Temple of Diana, deemed one of the ftvcn wonders of the world, and which the primitive Chriftians converted into a church ; but it is now fo entirely ruined, that it is not eafy to find the groundplot. Ephefus is (tatid nrar the mouth ')f the Cayfter, wliicli formerly affordtd a pood harbour for fliips, but is now almoft chcV.cd with (iind. The prefeiit inhabitants are Greek peafauts, who live in ivreichednt Ih iind infenfibi- lity. It is 3c m sst Sinynia. i^-n. 27 J3 E,1at. j8 8 N. Eplirataj or Tunkerjlown, a town of Pennlylvania, in La.icaller courty, anu the principal fellltment of a ^ciX called Tunkcrs [Dippers], who are of Ger- man extra(^lion. It is u m nne Lan- cafter. Epidaurus, a village of European Turkiy, in Morea ; formcviy a city, famous for the precindl of Efculaptus ; and his facred territory is \v its vicinity. It is now proiiouRced Pidavro by the ERF natives, and ftands in a peninfula, on the R coaft, 24n) sE Corinth. Epitx., a town of France, in the de- f)artment of Loiret, 18 m w by n Or- eans. KpHa, a town of Spain, in Arajron, on the Xiloca, 20 m w by s SiiragoflTa. Ep'tnal, a town of France, capital of the department of Vofges It is famous for paper-mills, and Halid on the river Mofelle, near the mountains of the Volges, ij^ m SE Nancy. Lon. 6 31 e, lat. 4H » N. J-ppitigt a town in EfTcx, with a mar- ket on Friday, famous for excellent but- ter ; featrd at the N end of a foreft of the lame numei 17 m nne London. Eppi):gen, a town of Germany, in the late palatinate of the Rhine, feated on the Elf.its, 10 m ene Philipfburg. Epfnm, a town in Surry, which ha;, from the number of opulent people re- Jiding in and near it, a daily market. It is celebrated for its mineral waters and falts ; and on its neighbouring downs are annual horleract 8. It is 15 ni ssw London. Epijoorth, a town in Lincolnlhire, in the ifle of Axholm, with a market on Friday, and a manufa»5luie of facking. John Wt-ncy, the founder of the Arnie- nian ftdt of mtthodifts, was horn here. It is 1 1 m N Gainfborough, and i6« NNw London. Erbach, a town of Franconia, capita! of a county of the fame name, with a caftle. It is 22 m w by & Werthtim, and 35 ssE Frankfort. Erbiile, or Erbila ; fee Arb'tl- Erekli, A feaport of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, on a bay of the Black ki, 140 m EN£ Burla. Lon. 32 35 k, lat. 40 50 N'. Erckli, anciently Ileraclea, a town of European Turkey, in Romania, in which art the ruins of an amphitheatre, built by empeior Severus. It is feated on the lea of Marmora, 48 m w Conflan- linople. Erfurt, a city of Upper Saxony, commonly accounted the capital of Thuiingia, with a univerfity and two ftrong forts. The principal magift'.ate In foirt-times a proteftant and fometimfi a papift ; hu" the f,'reateft p;irt of the burglit rs are proteftants. It has three fine libraries, one of which belongs to th'- papifts, another to the univerfity, .Tiid a third to the prnteftant minifters. '1 h° inhabitants are computed at 15,000. A .kdp is made on its co ifls. F.r'tce'tra,A town of Poitiigal. in Ertrr- madura, on the fcacoall, at m nnw Lifbon. Ericht, Lochy a lake of Scotlanc'. lying in the counties uf Invernf is Til P( rtli. It is 44 m long »nd a mile bitnd, lur- roundtd by lofty mountains ami rujjp[td cliffi, and its banks covered with heath and a few draggling bi'chts and alders. Its outlet, at thesoxirmiity, is the river Ericht, which flows Into Loch Wannork. /tV/V, Fnrt, a ftrof.g fortification of Upper Canada, fiiuate near the t end of Lake Eric, and on the w liank of the river Niagara, 24 m s by E Fort Ni- agara. Lon. 78 59 w Irti. 42 54 ^f. Erie, Lake, in N America, lies be- tween 79 and 84 w Ion. an'^ 4' and 4,^ V lat. Its length is jSo m, its inc dliim breadth, and npA'ar-i ^ 700 in circumfertnc". Jt is navigable ior fliips cf any burden, and the coaft on both lides is generally favorable for balteaux and canons ; yet in fome places, ctiitR}' on the s lide, there are rocks that run feveral itsi'es in length. Some of ihefe, near the month of the Cayahaga, rife 40 or 50 feet above the water, and projed 'jvtr the lake fo as to infpire dread inio tl : bo.dell bread, when they are ap- proached : tiie Indians, when they pafs this impending danger, offer a facrifice of tobacco to the water. Theiflandsand b.inks towarO its w end are inftdcd with rattlefnakes ; but on other parts of the coaft are fine meadows, and woods abounding with game. '1 his lake, at its nw end, receives the water* of 1; veral large lakes by th.e river De- troit, and diicharges thim by the river Niagara, at its Nt end, into Lake On- tario. Erijkay, a fmall idand of the Hebrides of Scotland, at the s ei.d of S Uid ; noted for being ihe fird place upon which Charles Stewart landed, in his attempt to obtain the Britifh crown. Erith, a village in Kent, feated on the Thames, 5 m e by s Woolwich. Great quantities of corn and wood are fhipped hence, and here the Eaft India fliips, in their pafTage np the river, ge- nerally difcharge a part of their cargoes. Erivan, the capital of Perfiau Ar- menia, in a province of the fame name. E R 11 and the feat of an Armenian patriarch. The city is defended by a fortrefs, in which is the go.cinor's palace, and by a caffle, on tl.e river Zviengui, which foon joins the Aras. The Meidan is an open i(|uare, 4*0 pacts over, in which are Very line trees. The baths and caravmiaries have their beauties; but the cl)urelic« of the chridians are Imall, and halt under)?' ound. Thecity hnfihecn often taken by the Turks and Perfiant", but the latter has continued in polH (rioH fince the peace of Nadir Shall in 1748. In i8-)8 it fiiflained m liege of \iear fix months by the kuflians- It i:. j8o m nw Tabriz, and 200 K Erzcrum. Lon. 44 48 f, lat. 40 10 N. Erke/tns, a town of Frnnce, in the depaitmerit of Roer, lately of Germany, inthoduohy of J u Hers ; feated on tl;e Roer, 10 m Nw Juliers. Er/ac/i, n town and baillwic ofSwiT- ferland, in the canton «if Bern, with a cad'e, on the lakeof Ricl, 10 m sw Bie' ErlaHgffi, a town of Fraiiconia, in the priicipality of Bayrcuth, with a univerfity, and 'j palace belonging to the prince. Ic it> divided into the old and new town ; the latter one cf t!i.-e, a river of Scotland, which iflues from a lake of the fame name, in Perthfhire, flows by Crietl", and join* the Tay, a little below Abcrncthy. Ernet a river of Ireland, which iffues from a fmall lake on tiie n border of the county of Longford, Hows n through that of Cavan, -"nd nw through Fer- managh into Donegal bay. In the latter couniy it forms a hike, called Lough Erne, 30 m long, containing feveial iflands ; and nn one in the middle part, where the lake is very narrow, dands the town oi Eiuiifkillen. Enije, a town of Fiance, in the de- partiiient of Muyne, on a river of the fame name, i ;; m nnw Laval. Erodii, or Eroad, a town of Hind 00- ftan, in the province of Coimbetore, with a large mud fort. IMuch coarfe cotton cloth is made here and in the vicinity. It i.s feated on a canal from the IJhawaui, and near the C'avery, fi m s Bhawanikudal. Errcl, a town of Scotland, in Perih- diirc, fit'jate on an eminence on tlie n fide of ihe Tay. Large quantiticii of grain ?ie expo.ted, and a paffage-bbat goes nence to Newburg, on the op- pofite fhore, every tid«. It is 9 m t-Peiih. •'■^'i - 'ft i ,;'f;;i v ■m ■J t - 'M' g^^Ik ESC l^rrotnqnjjiet otic of the New Hebrides, ill the Pacific ocean, 70 m in circiim- ferencc, with low fliores. On the w lidc M a promontory th.ir ft'parstf.^ two bays, and captain Cook, from the tivachcroiis behaviour of the iiihubitants, named it Traitjra Head. Lon. 169 iq t, lat. 18 47 »• F.rvy, a town of Franco, in the de- partment of Aube, 17 m s iiy wTroycs. Erzeriim, or Arzroum, the capital of Turiiifh Armenia, with Armenian and Greek epifcopal Itfca, and a caftlc It is furroundcd by double walls, defendi-d by fquare towers, and cflimuted to con- tain above 270,000 inhabitants. The houfes are in general built of (tone, with rafters of wood, and terraced roofs, on which grafs giovvs and (hecp feed. There arc fcveral bazars, 16 baths, and joo mofqiies ; but many remains of rnoiques and other ancient ftrudlmrs ()rove the city to have been ftill more <;onliderabI«', The Turks are all jani- i'lries ; but moft of them are tradefmen, and receive no pay. The Armenians have two churches, the Greeks but one ; the latter are moflly brafiers, and live in thefubiirbs, A great trade is carried on in furs, Perlian lilks, cottons, calicos, and drupsi. This city is a thoroughfare, and a reltinp-place, for tne caravans to Per- lia and Hindoofbin. It is fituate on a riling ground, at the foot of a chain of mountains, 104111 sETrebiibnd,and 300 w Erivan. Lon. 40 56 e, lat. 39 57 n. Efcalonp, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, 14 m NKESagovia. Efcalona, a town of Spain, in New Caltile, furrounded by wails. It is lituate on an eminence, in a fertile country, near the Albreche, 20 m nw Toledo, and 3a sw Madrid. ly'chwef^eti, a town and caflle of Ger- inany, in thelandgravateof Hefle-Cancl, ibated on the Werra, -25 m i se CafTcl. i'jt'/jweiler, a town of France, iti the department of Roer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Juliers, 10 rn s Juliers. Efcurial, a village of Spain, in New Caftile, feattd on the Guadara, 15 m NW Madrid. Jt takes its name from a noble ftrudture, founded by Fhiiip 11, in memory of the vidtory gained over the French near St. Queiitin, in 1.557. Thii: edifice confifts ot a royal palate, a church, a monaftery, a college, a libra- ry, Ihops of diifereiit artiiis, apartments for a great number of people, beautiful walks, large alleys, an exienlive park, and fine gardens. It is built of gray \£0!ie9,found in the neighbourhood, and in the form of a gridiron ; becaule St. Lawrehce, on whofc day the victory ESN was gained, fuflered martyrdom by be- ing broiled on fuch an iiiflroinent. Il is a lung f(|u;irc of 74a feet by 5^0, and f«Hii ftories hi<;h, wth a tower at each angle loo fert high ; and the palace fo.ms the handlr ol tluH ituaiLjinary grid- iron. The moll remarkable part is the arched chapel ; in which is a magnifi- cent fepnichre, called the Pantlienn, being built in imitation of that edifice at Rome, and is the burying-place of the kings and queens of Spain. J'sfirahi, A town of P< rfia, in Cho- rafin, 90 ni v. Aftrabad. i-on. 41 23 e, lat. ^if^ 48 N. I'lj\ruet/ra, or Efguerla, a town of P(,rtugal, ill Reira, 8 m s Aveiro. I'\(hn'f\ ke Ajlraf. Ijk, a river that rifes in Scotland, in the NK part of Dumfriesfliire, and flows SK through a dale to which it gives name, to the edge of the county. It there receives the Liddel from Roxburi;- fliire, and enters (-'umberland, flowii.j, s by Longtown into the ne extremity of Solway Frith. I'.Jk, a river of Scotland, in Edinburg- fliire, formed by the juiidtion of two ilreams called N and S Efk. They almoft encircle the town of Dalkeith, pafTing (in each fide o the eminence on whicb it ftands, and unite a little below the town. The riyer enters the frith of Forth, at Muflelburg. Ejkt North and South, two rivers of Scotland, in Forfarfliire, which defcend from the hills called the Braes ot Angus. The former divides the county from Kincardinefhire for feveral miles, and reaches the ocean, a little to the n of Montrofe ; the latter, after traverfing the whole breadth of the county, enters the bay, on the w of the fame town. Efiiljimia, a town of Sweden, in Su- dermania, founded by Charles x, and enlarged by Guftavus 111, whence it is alfo called Carl Guftavadft. Here are manufactures of fwords, fabres, fcifTors, &c. It is feated on the rive between the lakes Hielmer and Aiaeler, 52 m w Stockholm. F.Jkijbehr, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Naiolia, on the river Sakaria, 80 m Kst Burfa. Lon. 31 18 e, lat. 39 48 v\. Efrie, Afr.a, or Ej'nay, a town of Egypt, fuppofed to be the ancient LAto- polis. Here is an ancient tempie, wiih walls on three fides, and in the front 24 columns, well prtferved : within it are three ftories of hieroglyphics, of inen about three feet high; and the ceiling is adorned with animals, painted in beautiful colours. On the a (\(\t of the town is another teinplc> riclily carved yrdom by be« lliuinent. It t by 51)0, and ti>wcr at each ul the police na^inary g;id- bli- put is the i8 a mafiiiifi- :he Paiitiicnii, of that edilk(i iryiiig-place of ipain. ?. rlia, in Cho- Lon. 41 23 E, la, a town of ! Avtiro. in Scotlantl, in (lilie, :ind flows which it gives he county. It from Roxburir- )erland, flowiLj, e NK extremity id, in Edinburg- unus ; fee Kimrjion. I'/fia/iott, a tow4> of Francp, in the department of Avciron, on the river Lot, IX m NNK Riiodez. J-/ibarn_e;uera, a town of Spain, iu Catalonia, fc.ited on tlie Lohtegat, 16 m Nw I'arcclona. lifpinlial, a town of Portui^al, in Bci- ra, 21 tn .-k Coimhra. Eipolhidn, a i'.aport of Portugal, in Entre Donro c Miiiho, at th^* moutl. of tlieCavado, 22 ni N Oporto. Lon. 8 •! w, bt. 4132 .V. T-fifitimaKX, a people of N i\ merica, chiefly inhabiting Labrador. Tl'^-y have n ) fixed abode, hut rove from place to place, and fometimes come aa far as Newfoundland. They are of a different race from the other native Americans; for the other tribes have no beards, but thefe have them fo thick and laijje, that it is difficult to difcover any feature of their faces : they are likewife the only favages that eat their food in a raw ftate. They are of a middling ftature, gene- rally robuft, lufly, and of a brown co- lour. Their head is large, and their face round and flat ; they have thick lipj, a flat nofe, fmall eyes, curly hair of a black or cheflnut colour, large ftioiilders, and uncommonly fm-ll feet. They are always well clothed, for there \^ nothing to be Ren but part of their faces 'and their hands. They have a fort of ihirt, made «»f the guts of fiih., with a coat of hear or bird fkir i, and a cap on their head. They have likcwile breeches made of fkins, with the hair within, and covered with furs wit out ; alfo two pair of boots, one over another, of the fatne fort of (kins. In fummcr, they have nothing to cover them in the night; and in winter, they ledge in tents made of hide's, or in caves. The drefs of the women is nearly the iame as that of the men. Their chief em ploy ment is hunting and fifliing. Tlity are favjige, covetous, faithlefs, and ever difpoled to mifchief; and on this account, and from the little commerce carried on with them, few particulars of them are known. I^fquimaux Bay, a hay on the coaft of Labrador, and in the N part of the gulf of St. Lawrence. A river of the fame name enters the head of the bay ; andEfquimaux iflands extend acrofs its mouth. Lon. ^^ 30 w, lat. 5 1 30 n. i^-lf^k^ or Efxtki a trading town of RSS Sclavoni.i, with a ftrong c^ft'e. It lia» a wooden bridge over th? Drave and the marlhes, S m long and 80 feet broad, with tower.s at a quarter of a mile dif- tant from each other. It is a difficult pal's, and feveral battles have been fought here between the Turks and Germans. KfT^k w >8 taken from the Turks in 16R7, (ince which time it has continued in the hands of the houfe of Aultria. It is ii;-?ted on the Drave, i«o m WNW Belgrade, and 136 s Budu. Lon. 19 16 K, lat. 45 3c N. EiJen, a town of Weftphalia, In the duchy of Bers, lately fubjecM to the abbcis of ElTen, who was a princefs of the empire. Here are feveral catholic churches and convents, but the inha- bitants are chiefly Lutherans. It is S m E Duyfburg. E[fens, A town of Weftphalia, in E Friell.uid, near the German ocean, ao m NNr Emden. F.jj'efjUi'bo \ fee JJJequibo. Ejfex, a county ot England, bounded on the N by Cambridgefliire and Suffolk, K by the German ocean, s by Kent, and w by Hertfordfliire and Middlelex. It is 54 m long and 4S broad, containing 976,000 acres ; isf Friincp, in ihe de- pa»'*nunt of M<'«2 de .Iconui, St- fee Acoma. l.jiho'y!ia, or l{ei;reat in 1710, and finally ct-led to Rufiia in 1721. Revel is the capital. Ej}h'ivi^, Ei'crffld, a town of Weftphalia, in the duchy of Berg, near the river Wip- per, i8 mi', Dufl'cldorf. i-t'fr//>r,?-, a town and caftle of the duchy ot Weftphalia, on a monotaia near the river Rocr, 10 mwswBvilion. i'.'vejhum, a borough in Worccltcr* fliire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Ivlonday, and a manufadure of /'locking?' Here are three churches, anti it had formerly an abbey, of which (ome remains ate llill vifihie. A 'lattle was fought here in 1265, between prince Edward, afterward Edward i, and Simon de Montford, r-arl of Lei- ct fter, iii which the earl and moft ofhi<» adherents were flain. Eveliiam is kated in a f( rtile vale, on a gradual alcent from the Avon, 14 m SE Worcefter, and 100 Nw London. lUipmin, St. a town of Naples, in Caia'oria Ultra, on a gnlf of the Medi- terranean, to which it gives name, 27 m s by I'. Cofenza. Evian, a town of the territory of Ge- neva, relbrted to in the fumme for itn mineral waters, featcd on the s fide of the lake of Geneva, 22 m ne Geneva. Ev'tzo ; fee Ivica- Eule, a town of Bohemia, in the cir« MJ^ i: tJ u cle of Kaurzim, with a gol(pen. Euphrates^ 'w I'lirat, the principal river of Turkey in /' (ia, which has its rife injArmenia, from two fources, called theKaftaid Wiftl^hrat. Th- former rifes near Diabin, and flows w ; the latter iflTucs from thf mountains to the ■w of EVzerum, and .^low.-^ .'^ to Kebban, where it joins the other branch, and the united ftrcam is then called th./ Euphra- tes, or the Phrat. At this jundion it be- gins to be navigable for boats ; but the channel is ib roeky, that the navigation is not fafe I( fiilt divides Aimenia and Dial bek, from Roinn and Syria; after which it runf 'lirough Irak Aiabi, and receives thi '' ipris )t Corna, on the confines of inc Perfiui j. \ r»vince of Ku- fiflan ; it iluii flows by B. >Tora, and 35 m behjw enters the pi» f of Perfia. It is alfo the nl boundary rf the great defert of Arabia. 1 he Euphrates, after rtceiving the Tigris, is Ibmetimes call- ed the Shut al Arab. Eure, ■'. .lepartment if France, which include', part of the laie province of NormanJy. It is fo named from a river, which rilta in the foteft ofLogny, in the department of Eure and Loir, and crfciflTr- thi.s department to its con- flux with the Seine, above Pont d'Arche. Evreux is the capital. K U R I'nre and Loir, a department of I'lance, fo called from two rivers by which it is watered. It contains the late province of lieauce, and iis capital is Chartrcs. E.vnux, a town of France, capital of the department of Eure, and a bilhop'i fee. The eathedr.il is a handl()me flrn(5turc. The trade confiftg in corn, linen, and woollen cloth ; and it has maniifadures of cotton velvfis and tick. It is feated on the Iton, 35 m s Kouen, Lon. » 9 lat. 49 aiiu 55 Nw Paris. 2 N.' EUIiOPE, one of the four grand divilionsof the world ; bounded onlhc N by the Frozen ocean, e by Afi.i, s by the Mediterranean fea, and w by the Atlantic ocean. Its extent from Cap(! St. Vincent to the mouth of the Cana, is near 3400 m ; and from Cape Mata- pan in Morea to the North C.ipe in Lap- land, about 2300. It is much lefs than either Alia or Africa, but liirpafils them in many particulars. It is entirely within the temperate zone, except a fmall part of Norway and Rtiflla ; fo thr.t there is neither the exceffive heat, nor the in- fiipportable cold, of the other parts of the continent. It is much more popu- lous, and better cultivated, than either Afia or Africa; is fuller of villages, towns, and cities; and the buildings are ftro :;er, more elegant and commo- dious, i'he inhabitants, eftimated at I <;o millions, are all whites, and forthe moft part much better made than the Africans, or even t'lc Aiiatics. With refped to their fkill and improvements in arts, fciences, trade, navigation, and war, there can be no ccmiparifon. Eu- rope contains Not way, Sweden. Den- mark, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, Pruffia, Poland, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Hungary, Swiifcrland, and part of Ruflia and Turkey, befide fe- vtral ifiandb in the Mediterranean, and other feas. The languages are the Ita- lian, French, Spanilh, and Portuguele, which are dialeds of the Latin ; the German, Flemifli, Dutch, Swedifh,Da- nifii, andEnglifh, derived from the old Teutonic ; the Sclavonian, which pre- vails, mixed with others, in Poland, Rufiia, Bohemia, and a great part of Turlcey ; the Celtic, of which there are dialeds in Wales, the Highlands of Scotland, Irelarid, Bretagne in France, Bifcay in Spain, and Lapland ; the mo- dern Greei<, and feveral others. The Tjrincipal rivers are, the Danube, Dnie- fter, Dnieper, Viftula, Volga, Dwina, Bog, Don, Scheldt, Rhine, Elb^ Oder, Po, Rhone, Seine, Loire, C onn«. epartment of wo rivers hy contains the ind iitt capital rt'«', capital of and a liilhop's a haiidlbme .ififti in corn, I) : and it has Ivi'U and lick. 15 m s Konen, I 9 K, lat. 49 ^c fonr grand oundtd on ihe i by Afi.i, 3 by and w by the nt from C'apt; h of tlie Cana, m Ciipe Mata- h C.ipe in Lap- much lefs than (iirpanisthem entirely within i-pt a fmall part li) lh."t there is at, nor the in- r other parts of ch more popu- ed, than either ler of villages, the buildings nt and commo- s, eftimuted at tes, and for the made than the Viiatics. With improvements navigation, and mparifon. Eu- Sweden. Dcn- reland, France, id, Spain, Italy, wilTcrland, and 1 key, befidc fe- iterranean, and ^'es are the Ita- nid Portuguefe, the Latin ; the . Swedilh.Da- edfrom the old ian, which pre- trs, in Poland, great part of | \ v / ■» .» .v\ which there are Highlands of agne in France, pland ; the mo- d others. The Danube, Dnie- Volga, Dwina, ine.Elbp Oder, oire, C onn*. It' - I ,lfc Wfl /k i I'o 1.'/ y^> J 1 1 * % 1 \ i Douro» vein. 'I t iiii»«r« r«nrc|. flli, and art* ^Jfo Moh linn ili'p.irfiii. St. DiAM Jepirtnu? in ilii-tliK Tc Wan.1 m Nvr o nioiinf;iin Wlir)ftf tof: i^ the m./l JV'bacci) ihf viry (ii ^itM, and Kfcaf aliiin by the Kii tat'Cti by t the Dutch by thi Un or I lie ftti] Lon. 6] f dits, luar I 1 -■ i— ^4 ---"^ i,iitnf," ' ^»i...«.. _ ! -.. . ._u.au.— ' ^_5 ;,,, *fniit. ,-; .? T'. X F, Douroi T.ijo, i;i)rO| Thitmei, .inti S**- vcrn. Th<* principal Uket Arc thofeof I'lMiftmiCtr, O'-iif ».i, LiiiCiniif*, Wrnnrr, I. 'itij^,.!, Niiil OiK'ija. Tl»«' chief miiiin- i liiiNiire (lie Alp*« Apeiuiinc*, 4iiiint;iiti in tin* foiin ot' .1 rii^;ir-loil, wliofc top i>» li'dlow; yri lor itH fi/c, U i". the mi(l VHliMbIc of ail thv CiribtcM. TL'bacoo is ( iiltiv.itrd on its Hdcs, to thf vfry I'uinmit ; and hojm, but ibon alter takvri by tlio French, and n-ftored to tl: Iiiifch in 1 ;8j. It wa» u^a'm taken by tlic Knf;li(h in lUij. It iia-j 4 town of Uic fame name, with a good fort. Lon. 6.1 i w, lat. 1731 w. Eutam, i fmall ifl.ind of tlic VV In- dies, nt-.ir the v. coalk of Porto Rico- Lun. 64 41 w, lat. 18 18 N. I'luthii a town of Lowt-r Saxony, in HoKh'in, near the fide of a lake, ao ni NNW Lubtc. E-uiell, a town in Surry, with a mir- ket on Thuriday, 6 ir. w Croydon, and 13 ssw Illcn ((ooiN, a lari^e iolion m.iniifartiMv. .md an extcnftve I'ireiitn .md tlomellic com w by ■ London. L<>n. ^ 34 w. lat. fo 11 *• i'-Jtettr, a town of New Himpniirc, in Rockinf^hatn county, with a ^oku\ h.irbour, on Exeier river, a branch of th'- Pilcai.'tqua. It hai iVvcral maiui' fadtureH, and thr liiddlery buliueli \% carrii-d on to a gn-at extent. Som«^ vt'deU ;able of floating down thole of '-.O'j tons. The public editice^ .110 twocon- gregatioii.il churchc:*, a cel<.'i)rated aca- demy, and a capac'oun court-houlir- if ix If, m II w Portlnioiith, and 54 v fiollon. Lon. 71 ow, lit. 4i 56 n. i'.xfler, a town of N Carolina, in New II inovercounly. on ihr nk branch uf C.ipe Fe.ir river, 30 in w Wilmington. Exiitfiiil, a town of Fr.ince, in the depirtineiit «)f Dordopne, ao m nl Perii^neux, and 3a s Liino^'ci. Lxilut, a llrong town of Picilmoiit, with a fortified caltle on a mountain, which guards one of the psillls intw the country. It is feated on the nver Doire. 37 m WNW Turin. Exmotr, a forefk in the nw corner of Somtvfetlhire, extending thence into Devonihire. It if» a black Iknle rej^'ion. Exmouth, a villajje in Urvondiire, on the B lide of the mouth of tne Ex, n m ssB Excler. It is much frefjuented for the benefit of feu-baihing EifbcnJ'rhitz, a town of Moravia, in the circle of Znaim, on the river OF lawa, I X m 8W Brunn •■ Eydfr, A river and canal that ll'pa- ratca Germany from Dcnrnark. The river rilJ's in Holftein, ami Hows vv bf^ Reiifburg, Fredcrii rtadt, and Tonnin- gcn into thf Cierm.iii ocean. The canal pafFes K from Reiifburg »o a b'y of the Baltic, a litile n of Kiel. Tbefc jointly aflford a lafe inlnid nivij.Mtioii ac'.'fi. the country, between the Baltic fea and German ocean. Eyf^ a boron^li in Suffolk, with a market on Saiurday. IIer<' arc thi? ruins of a calUe and a Beiuditffine ab- bey. The women are eniployeJ> / Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)873-4503 iV k V 3>^ :\ \ r\^ x^ V, ■^ ^,-*« 4io ^ F A I T.iffmtuih, » town of Scotland, in Berwickfliirc, with a harbour for veirdi of fmall burden, and a trade in com imdkelp; fcatt'd at the mouth of the Eye, 8 m N by w Berwick. ■t'jj/Iau, Dutch, a town of PridFia, in the province of Obtrland, at the a end of a lake, 47 m K by N Culm, and 90 ssw Konig/birg. I'-t//(tu, Prufllan, a town of Prufli.i, in the province of Natanpen. In 1807, a mod Lloody brittle w \8 f, Cape, n promontory e of t!ie Cape of Good Hope: Lon. 18 44 v., lat. 34 '/> s. Faljhr, a fertile id »nd of Denmark, 60 m in circumference, near the en- trance of the Baltic, lying EofLaland. Nykoping is the capital. FaljJerho, a town of Sweden, in Scho* nen, chiefly known for a li./hthLMile and its herring Klhery, 22 m s.sw Lund. Lon. 12 ^8 E, lat. 55 22 n. Fama^ujia, a town in the ifl md of Cyprus, and a Greek blfliop's lee, with a harbour, defended by two forts- It was taken by the Turk.-, in 1570, after a ficpe of 10 months, when they flayed the Venetian governor alive, and mur- dered the inhabitant!, though they fur- rendered on honourable terms. It is 63 m NE Nicolia. Lon 35 51; e, lat. 35 10 n. Famars, a town of France, in the department of Nord ; near which the French were defeated by the allies in 1793. It is 3 m s Valenciennes. Faitano, a town of Italy, in Modencfc, 35 m s Modena. •> Fanjeaux, a town of France, in the department of Aude, 14 m w Carcaf- foue. Fa?io, a fortified town of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, and a bifliop's fee. Here are an ancient triumphal arch, handfome churches, and fine palaces. It is feated on the gulf of Venice, 18 m £ Urbino. Fantin, a kingdom of Guinea, on thj Gold coaft, where the EngliQi and Dutch have fgrts- Its palm-wine is H n'M )7^ »;7 f i' « '•i I' :E,*-«ai1 li^ PAR much better and ftronger than that on other parts of the coaft. The villages are iiumero js, and the capital is of tlie fame name, abuut i i m up the country. The Enj;li(h fort called Anncmabo is at the month of a river. Lon. o lo k, lat. 5 5N. J'aoua ; fe»* Foue. Faoiiet, a town of France» in the de- partment of Morbihan, 21 m n by w Orient. Fartbam, a town in Hampfhire, with a market on Wcdnelday. Sloops and fmnlliT veflcls are built here, and it has a confiderable trade in coal, corn, can- va8, and ropes. It ia feated at the nw point of Porlfmouth harbour, 5 m nnw Go(port, and 73 \v by s London. Farfweliy ('ofiet the moft fouthcrly point of Greenland, at the entrance of Davis ftrait. Lon. 44 42 w, lat. 59 8 n. Fareive//, t'o/>f, a promontory of the idand of New Zealand. Lou. 17241 E| lat- 40 37 s. Fargeau, St. a town of France, in the department of Yonne, with a caftle, 10 m 9JJ Atixerrc. Farim, a country of Africa, to the s of the river Gambia. It has a town of the fime nj"me, on the river St. Do- mingo. Lon. 14 30 w, lat. \% 10 n. Farmltigton, a town of Coimcdicut, in Hartford county, with a large con- gregational churi.h ; fituatc on the river Farmington, which below the town re- ceives the Cambridge, and then acquires the name of Windlbr river. It is 10 m wsw Hartford, and 34 k Lichlield. Farnliam, a town in Surry, with a market on Thurfday. It has a caltle, iituatcon an eminence, belonging to the bifliop of Winchefter ; and a royal mili- tary college, where young officers are inllruded ir) mathematics, fortiBcatiou, &c. Farnham is celebrated for its plantations of hops, and has a great trade in corn and Welch hole. It is leated on the Wye, 12 m w Guildford, and 38 wsw London. Faro, ai) ifland of Sweden, near the ifland of Gothland, about 30 m in circumference, populous and fertile. The principal town has the fame name, and is fiiuate on the sfc. coaft. Lon. 19 7 E, lat. 37 50 N. Faroy a city of Portugal, capital of Algarva, and a bifbop's fee. In 1596 it was plundered and burnt by the £n- glifli. It has the greater part of the trade of the province, and is feated on the gulf of Cadiz, 103 m « by w Evora. Lon. 8 o vv', lat. 37 4 n. Faroer ijlands ; fee Feroe Ijlands. Faro of MfJ/iuOi the ftrait between I AY Italy and Sicily, remarkable for having the tide ebb and flow every fix hourg, though but 7 m over. It is fo named, from the faro, or lighthoufe, on Cape Faro, and its vicinity to Meffina. Farr, a town of Scotland, on the n coait of ."^ulherlandlhire, at the head of a bay of its name, and the mouth of the river Navcr, in which is a good filmon filhery. On the promontory ot Farr Head is the ruin of a fort. It is 54 ni N by w Dornoch. Farrini^don, a town in Berklliire, with a market on Tueiilay, lc.itcd on an enii- ncnce. 15 m w Abingdon, and 68 w by ^f London. Far/jian, or Farst a province of Perlia, boimded on the M by Irak, e by Kerman, s by I.ariftaii, and w by the Perfian gulf and Kufidan. It is very fertile in the ctritre ; moumainous on the N, where are a great number of wildfwinc; and the hnd fo landy on the s as to produce little ello than palm- tne.s. In the forells is a tree from which maftic is gathered ; and enif raids arc common. Shiras is the capii'd. Fartdcl; a town of Arabia Felix, in H:idrainant, at the foot of a cape of the fame name, 1 so m e Shibam. Lon. J I ^o E. lat. 15 30 N. Fattipour, a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Agra.. Here the empe- rors of Hindooftan, when in the zenith of their power, had a palace ; and on a hill is a grand mofque, built by empe- ror Acbar. It is ai m w by s Agra. Faucigny, a town and caftle of Savoy, in a dillrid of the lame name ; leated on tiie Arve, 14 m se Geneva. Faverucy, a town of France, in the department of Upper Saone, 8 m n Velcjul. Fa'voffnana, an ifland on the w fide of Sicily. 7 m long and z broad, abound- ing in good water and frelh provifions. Several hundred convidts are always kept here ; and on one part that is ex- tremely high, there is a ftrong caltle in which ftate pi-ifoners are confined. Both fides of the illand afford excellent an- ch(jrage, and on the n fide is a town. Lon. 12 25 E, lat. 38 16 N. Fauquemont ; fee Valkenburg- Fayal, one of the Azores, or Weftern ifiands, which fuffcred greatly by an earthquake, in 1764. The chief town is Villa de Horta. Fayence, a town of France, in the de- partment ox Var, celebrated for its ma- nufadure of earthen ware; feated near the Biafon, 10 m w Graire. Fai/ette,n diftiift of N Carolina, com- prehending the counties of Moore, lie for having :ry fix hours, , 18 fo n.imed, nife, on Cape ItlTina. 111(1, on the N It the head of ; mouth of the a good fdmon mlory ot Far* •t. It is 51 ni BeiUlhii-e, with itcil oil an «'mi- on, and 68 w a province of N by Irak, b by and w by the Un. It is very r\ouiiiai"ous on nal mimber of iiid lo I'.indy on f elfo than palm- Wie from which id enit-raldsi are capii >1- Arabia Felix, in : «»f a cape of the ; Shibam. Lon. if Hiiulooftan, in . Here the cnnpe- hen in the /t^nith palact? ; and on a built by tmpe- w by s Agra, caftle of Savoy, e name; fcated Geneva. France, in the r Saone, 8 m n md on the w fide 1 2 broad, abound- d tVelh provifion!. ivias are always le part that is ex- is a ftrong calUe m are confined. Both Ford excellent an- M fide is a town. 16 N- 'alkenburg- \zores, or Weftern ed greatly by an The chief town f France, in the de- lebrated for its ma- ware; featednear GralTc. ,f N Carolina, com- )untie8 of ^00^*=' K1 TEA (^umberlind, S,»mpfon, Richmond, Ro- bcfi'ii, and Anfon. r.iifettr-'ville, A town of N Cuolin.i, \r\ Cumhtrlauil county, capital of the diftrl<'.t of Fayette. Its trade with VVil. minjrtnn is v« ry confi»lrrai)le, to which it fends tobacco, wlitat, liemp, cotton, lumber, ftavcs, naval (Ioks, icc. and has returns of European and ludi in goods. It is fitnaie on Cri)fB crt-ek, which foon enters thi- Nwbranch of Cape Fear rivt-r, 50 m s by w Kaicgh, anJ 90 nw VViI- niiiij(;ton. Li)n. 79 10 w.lat. 35 5 n. I'ayoum, <>r Fium, a town of K^'Vpt* capit.il of a pr^ivinct' of the fame name. It has a trade in Hax, linen, mats, railins, and figs ; and is fcatt-d on a canal, which communii'ates with thf Nile, 49 m asAf Cairo. I.on. .^o ^9 h , lat. :,9 27 n. hi, St. a town of Spain, in thf pro- vince of Granuia, built by Ferdinand dining the liege of Granada. It fnffercd greatly by an earthquake in iS'^g, and ftind^ in a fertile plain, near the nvcr Xinil, 6 in w by n Oran-ida. /•>, 4V. a city of P,»ragu.iy, in the pro- vince of Buenos Ayrcs 1 lif environs abound in filk.corn, wine, fruit, game, and cattle. It is ft'attd on the Parana, at the influx of the Salado, 140 m nnw Buenos Ayres. Lou. 61 10 w, Lit. 31 30 8. Fe, Sf. *he capit.il of New Mfxico, and a bi (hop's fee, with a fortri-ls. The population is eftimated at 4i5co Ibiils, exclufive of the garrifon. In the cen- tre is the public Iquare ; on the n tid« of which is the governor's palace, guard- lioul'-s, Sec The houfps are genenlly one ftory high, with flat roofs, anil have a mean appearance on the out fide, but fome arc richly furni/Vd Iht manufaC:fili*C9 in its vicinity arc leathtr, cotton, coAWe woollen cloth«, blankets, toh:icco> pottery, and copper vellVls. It (lands on a river, which 27 m b( low enters the Rio del Noitt, and is 5 10 n N CliihuahUa. Lon. 104 53 w, lat. 36 UN. I'e, St. or St' Fe de Biigota, the capi- tal of New Granada, and an archbifhop's fiv, with a univcrfity. It is the feat of a vice-royalty, the jurifdidtion of which includesthe kingdoms of New Granada and Quito, and the whole of Terra Pinna. The country abounds in corn and fruit, and in the vicinity are mints of filver and gold. It is fituate on the Kiti, which flows to the Madalena, 450 m NE Quito. Lon, 7330 w, lat. 4 6 n« Feart Ca/>f, a cape of N Carolina, where there is a dangerous flioal, called, from its form, the Frying Pah, lying at the entrance of Cape Fear river. This FEJ river is formed by twv> branchei, called the NW and SK branches, which unite a^ove Wilmington ; and it enters the .\'l.uitic below Drunf.vicic. Luii. ;8 10 w, Ut. 33 51 N. Ftatliurtl, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Wexford, on the w iide of the entrance of B.innow bay, aa m «w Wexford. Fecatnp. a town of France, in the de- pirtmeni of Lower Seine, with a trade in linen, fergcs, lace, leather, and hats ; n-.iti(| near the Englilh channel, 24 m NE Havre de Grace. Fejeest or Fgjee Ijlands, a cluftcr of iflands :ind rei'fs in the 8 Pacific ocean, lying I JO leagues Nwof the Friendly lllands. The lorthctn part of thi» numerous group, in lat. 15 33 s, was dil'covi'red by'IafmAU in 1643, and by him wcrenam-'d Prince William Iflands. Ciptain l>ligh, in lylj^ fell in with the molt f.iltern of the FcjeCs in lon. 178 w ; and on hib return from Ot dvite, in 1792, doubled the fouUim,)(k iQand in lon. 178 E, lat. 19 15 s. He landed net wherr", a.'id the inanJera in vain iittcmpt- ed to overtake the Jhip with iht- ir cances, apparently with hoflile intentions. Cap- tain Barber, in /;'g4, on his paflagefrom Port Jackfon to the nw toad of Ame- rica, diliioviind the weftern p'lrt of the group; ind faw fix of the iflands. the largeft in Ion. 175 15 e, lat. 17 30 «. He anchored iti a bay on its w fid', and fome natives, who crimc off in a qanoe* wfre reluiStant to come aboard, and Iccmpd u'naccuftomed to" trade. The next day a numb.r of can.ies attacked ••le fliif>, wbund^^d two o\ the crev^ V their arrows, and attc-rhp'ted to borird ; but the fkvages were repulfed by the fhips fwivels and f.riall afmi. The principal iflaiid' is called Fejee; this md the other large ones appear to be fertile, and variegated «rirh hills and vallies. They f>-em to be under the go- vernment of different chiefs, behl^ fre- quently at war with each other. The • ivigation of this extenftvc group, on every fide, is intricate and dangerous.. Tlie natives are a diftinft race from thofc of the Friendly idinds ; they fpeak a difFerent language, and, befide fpears and clubs, make ufe of bow4 and arrows in batthv, their ftature ii fupcrior, their complexion darker, and their hair appro?i-he8 to wool ; they moreover retain the praiftice of eatint^ the flclh of enemies whom they hav.2 killed, and even maflfacre their prifon^ ers for that purpole. The intercourfij of Fciee with Xongataboo is becoming mii^i; frequciU ; The natives df the laltrt R H w^ \^ ^f 1 Hp' V H p ;|f 1 Vl & ;fi f 'tki H li ilJI m JL y lip n 1 i u FER rrfiard \he F< jfcann in fnntrior to tficm- ft Ivci in milit;try prnwcin and mechani- cal iii^jf niiif y ; th^-ir weapons and cloth- ing belli)? Iictter wrought, nnd fom« ninnnfa(fltireii, efpeclally that of earthen TefTf l«, hfinn carried on at Fejee, which •I? not attempted at TongitAbno. Feira, a town ov PortiifnU in Beira, 10 m «E Oporto, and ,^o N by 1 A»eiro. Fcluhi\ fee Dorak. VflcUhchf a town of Gcrmanyi in Tyrol, capital of a county of tin; ftme name. It is feated on the III, near its entrance into the Rhine, iq m s Bre- ger.x. Lon. 94.) B, lat. 47 10 n. FeUfhurg, a town and caftle of Au- ftria, with a fine palace« feated on the Teya. iR m E Laab. Feliruda, one of the Lipari Idandsi in the M«'diterranean, »8 m w Lipari. Felix, St. an ifland in the Pacific ocean, lying nnw of Juan Fernandez. Lon. low, lat. a6s. Felletin, i town of France, in the de- partment of Creufe, with a manufacture of tapeftry, 2* m ssw Evaux, and 21 8tE Oucret. Fel/in. a town of Ruflia, in Livonia, on the river Pernau, 6a m »t Revel. Fe//berff, a town of Germany, in HeflTe-CtfTel, with .*n ancient caftle on a rook. 1 2 m s Caffel. Ftltrit a town of Italy, cipital of Feltrino, and a bifliop's fee. It is forti- ffed, and feated on the Afona, 30 m Nw Trcvifo. Lon. 11 551, lat. 463 s. Fehr'mt, a diftriA of Italy, lying be- tween Belunefe, Trrvifano, Vicentino, and the principality of Trent. It abounds In mountains, in which are iron mines. Feltri is the only place of note. Ftmerttt a fertile idand of Denmaik, in the Baltic* 10 m long and ^ broad, feparated from the coaft of Holftein, by a narrow channel, called the Femern Sound. Borg is the chief town. Fenejirange, a town of France, in the department of Meurte, on the river Sarte, 40 m E by n Nancy. Feneflrelltt a town and fort of Pied- mont, feated on the Clufon, it m w Turin. Ftraiad, a town of Pcrfia, in Mazan- deran. The environs produce fugar, rice, and filk. It is feated on a river, near its mouth in the Cafpian fea, 20 m KNE Sari. Ftrah, a walled town of Perfia, in Scgiflan, (ituate in a fertile valley, on a river of the fame name, which flows into the lake Zereh, 120 m wnw Candahar, and 160 NE Zarang. Firealay or Ftrcula^ a town of the k'Rgdom of TaBlet, and the principal FER place of a diftrifl. It i^ jo m w Suguf- mcfla. Lon. 430 w. lat ^^i 40 m. Ferdinandot *>• the capital of the province of Calcbagua, in Chili. It was built in i74»» in a beautiful coun- try, not far from the 'ringuitirics, 9* m s by w St, Jago. Lon. 70 a6 w, lat. 34 40 s. Fere, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aifne, famous for its pow- drr-mill and fchool of artillery. Near it is the caftle of St. Gobin, in which is a manufacture of fine plate-glafs. Fere is fcalfd at the conflux of the Scrre anil Oifr, 20 m N Soilfons, and 75 n« Paris. Lon. 3 aj i, lat. 49 29 k. Ferenlinot OV Fiorento, a town of Italy, in Campagna di Roma, 3 m k Alatri. Ferette, a town of France, in the de- fiartmeiit of Upper Rhine, on the river 11, near its iburce, 40 m s Colmar. Fermanagh, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulfter, 38 m long and 2| broad; bounded on the n by Donegal and Tyrone, e by Tyrone and Monag- haii, 8 by Cavan and Leitrim, and w by Leitrim. It contains about 72,000 in- habitants, is divided into 19 parifhes, and fends three members to parliament. The linen manufacture, and the railing of cattle and hemp, are the chief em- ploy of the inhabitants. The county ii navigable throughout by means of Lough Erne; but the uneven surface, and numerous bogs, render it difficult for travelling. Enniikillcn is the capi. tal. Fermo, a town of Italy, in the mar- Jjuifate of Ancona, and an archbifliop's ee. It has a harbour on the gulf of Venice, and is 17 m SE Macerata. Lon. «3 so E. lat. 43 7 N. Fermoy, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, on the river Black- wa'er, 70 m NNsCork. FernambucQ, a province on the K coaft of Brafil, having Tamarica on the n and Sergippy on the s. It produces cotton, fugar, and brafil wood, and Itsimmenfc plain feeds a great number of cattle. Femambucot a town of Brafil, capital of the province of the fame name, and a biihop's fee. In 1630 it was taken by the Dutch, who called it Olinda ; but it was retaken by the Portuguefe. It has a fiTiall inconvenient harbour. Lon. 35 20 w, lat. 8 13 s. Fernan Nuntiez^ a town of Spain, iii Andalufi.i, 15 m SSI Cordova. Fernando Noronha, an ifland, 100 leairues from the coaft of Brafil, fubjeft to tht Poriuguef<;. Lon. 32 i^ w, lat 3 56 «• Ftrnando Pof an ifland of Africa, on o m w Sugul- ^ I 40 N . ■apital of the in Chili. It fautiful coun- ingiiiiirica, 9* I. 70 *6 w, lat. ce, in the de* us for it5 pow- rtillery. Near liin, in which it ^te-glafs. Fere X or the Serre 'on«, and 75 *** , 49 29 K. a town of Italy, 3 tn K Alatri. ance, in the de- ine, on the river [» s Colnrtar. y of Ireland, In 38 m long and n le N by Donegal sne and Monag- eitrim, and w by about 71,000 in- into 19 pariflies, Ers to parliament, e, and the raifing arc the chief em- u The county ii t by means of : uneven surface* render it difficult Ikillen is the capi- Italy* in the mar- id an archbilhop's ur on the gulf of E Macerata. Lon. of Ireland, in the the river Black- rk. ^ vince on the b coaft narica or the N and t produces cotton, d. and itsimmenfe umber of cattli*. »n of Brafil, capital he fame name, aiul 630 it was taken by led it Olinda ; but he Portuguefr. It tent harbour. Lon. \ town of Spain, in I Cordova. ha, an ifla"''- .'°^ aft of Brafil, fubjeft Lon. 31 33 w. lat ifland of Africa, on TER the coaft uF Benin, .^o m long and ao broad, i^un. 3 3 r, lat. 3 6 n. Frrnj, a town of IreLtnd, in the countv of Wfxford, and a bilhop's fee united to Lciglin. The c.ttlieilral iti fmall. and Icrvrs for the parifti church. It is ('catrd on the Uann, ne>ir it* con- flux with thcS|»nc-y, 18 m s Wexford, and ^3 >»w Wicklow. Feroe Ijlands, a cluftor of i j fmall and lofty iflands in the Northern occ^n, lu-- tween ^ and 8 vv Ion. and 61 .md 6} N lat. fiihjedt to Denmark. Sevfntccn are habitable, each tliviJed from the othtTii by deep and r.ipid currents. Some of them are deeply indented with Arcure harbours, .all of them fteep, and moft of them faced with tremendous precipices. They produce agntc, jalpcr, and beauti- ful zeolites. The furface contifts of a Ihallow foil of remarkable fertility; yielding plenty of barley, and fine grala for ihecp. No trees above the fizc of a juniper, or rtiintfd willow, will grow here; and the only quadrupeds are iheep. Vaft quantities of feafowl fre- quent the rocks, and the taking of them furnifhes a perilous employment for the inhabitants. The exporiH are iidted mutton, tallow, goofc-quills, feathers, eider-down, knit woollen waiftcoats, caps, and ftockings. To the s of thefe iflands is a condderable whirlpool. The chief idand is Stromoe. Ferozaiadt a city of Perfia, in Farfi- ftan, formerly of confiderable repute, and yet contains a number of fine tombs, gardens, and buildings. It is feated in a fertile country, 60 m s by w Shiras. Lon. 53 o b, lat. 28 50 k. Ferrarot a city of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name* and an arch- bilhop's fee, with a ftrong citadel, and a univerfity. Its broad ftreets, and number of fine buildings, evince that it was formerly a flouriftiing place, but the prefent in^ubitants are few in pro- portion to its extent. In the middle of the city is a palace, furroundcd by walls flanked with towers and ditches. The cathedral is remarkable for its an- tiquity. Ferrara was taken by the French in 1796 ; in 1799 it was retaken by the Auftrians, but Ihortly after furrendcred to the French. It isleated near the Po, 25 m NB Bologna. Lon. 11 36 k, lat. 4450N. Ferrara, or Ferrarefe^ a duchy of Italy, bounded on the n by Polefino di Rovigno, w by Maiituan, s by Bulog- nefeaiid Romagna,and e by the gulf of Venice. It had its own dukes till 1597, when Clement viii united it to the apoftolic chamber ; but in 1797, it was F K V feizcd by th« French, anil is now a part of the kingdom of Itily. The air it iin- wholciimic, on account of the m.trihi'*, and the iuhibitantn an- too few to drain them. Ferr.ira Ih the rapitil. Frrreiidiua, a town ni' N iplcs, in Ha- filiciia, ne.ir the river lialianto, 15 msw M itcra. i'erro, or Jliero, the moft wcflwnrd of the ( anaiy illandi, alv.ut 18 m in circumference. It is not fertilroduce8 fome corn, liiKai", fruit, an i' r «' -X FEZ »»( I he M (Iw.iy, much frrqucntftl b/ liit^ll vcn< h. It in a metitbir of tbc pnt itf DtiVi.r, govniKil l»y a m.iyor, in«i Imi» u in uktt (in Wt dncfday and S uiir. day. Here i* t itoMe cliurch in the forn» of a crofb ; a free grammir-rdioul loiiiidid by (|uci'ii Elifabi-th ; and the K-m.Mnh ot .1 I) (ttrly alibey, built by king Mcphi'n, who was buried in it, witii hix (|iKcn *m\ fun. It iH famous for ihi- bcli «»yftcr» for laying in (b-wi ; ard has fivt'ial ^cnnpowdi-r miilH in itH nii>;h- bnurhoiid. J.imcs ii embarked here for France in dili-niff, alter the IucciIh of the prince of Oraiijrr ; but the vtflM was del. lint d by the populace, and the king convi ytd back lo London. Fevfr- Iham in i) ni w Cantcibury, and 47 k by s London. I'euri, a town of FrancPi in the de- partment of Loire, on iho river Loire, 13 m KNE Monthrifon. J'ei/Jiriiz, a town and caftic of Gcr- roany, in Stiriu, on a river of the iamc name, 17 m nnk Cilley. Fez, a kingdom of Darbary, 125 m King, and 120 broad ; bounded on the w by the Atlantic, n by the Mediterra- nean, F. by Ajj^itrs, and s by Morocco .tnd Tafilet. It is divided into nine pro- vinces, and forms purt (,f tlie empire uf Morocco. Tlie country ib full of moun- tains, particularly to the w and r, where it Mount Atlas; hut it produces citrons, lemon.s oranges. datCH, almond«, olives, fip, railins, honey, wax, cotton, flax, pitch, and coin in abundance. 'I'he inhabitants arc numerous, and breed camels, beeves, (beep, and the fineft horics in Barbary. Fez, the capital of the kingdom of Fez, and one of the largeft cities in Afiica. It is coinpofed of two towns, Old Fez and New Fez, which contain about 3X0,000 inhabitants. Old Fez it the moft conliderable, and New Fez is pvincipally inhabited by Jews, who trade with the Moorb, notwithtlandin^ the contempt with which they are tre.fed Ly litem. The imperial ^alace is an immenle pile of buildings, enclof- td by a ftronj,' wall and a deep ditch ; and there aie liumtrons mofques, one of which, cilied Cavubin, is one of the fintil: edificts in the empire. The houfes are built of brick or flone, with flat roofs, ai.d adorned with molaic work : tholt; of brick arc ornamented with gl r/.ing and colours like Dutch tiles, and the wood-work and ceilings are carved, painted, and gilt. Every houfc lias a court, in which is a fquare mar- I le bafin ; and the gardens are full of ;iil kinds of fragrant flowers and (hrubs. F RZ IlTe are two cnllrgei for (ludcnM, finely built of marble and adorned witit painting*. The hofpituli and public baths are numerous many of whicli are Uatcly ftri>'*lurcs. The diflerent trades live in a fepvutr part of thn city i and the exchange, full of all forts of rich merchandife, is as large as a Cmall town. The Mo»)rs of Fez are clothed like the Tuikii, and. thou(:h more nolilhed ihun their countrymen, are vun, fnptrftitious, and intolerant. Tiic f.iints, whom they pretend to have bc( n buried in the city, Icrvc them for a pretext to forbid its entrance to Jewsi and Chriflians ; and an order from the emperor is neceflary to gain adinillion. Arahic is better fpoken here than in other parts of the empire ; and the rich Moors find their childien to the fdioolb •tt F( /, where they gain more inllrue- tioii than they could do ellcwhere. Fez is the centre v( the trade of thi.< empire; and hence caravans go 10 Mecca, carry- ing ready-made garments, leather, in- digo, cochineal, and oftriches feathers; for which they bring in return hlks, mnnins, and drugs. Caravans alfo go to roinl)U*;to(), and other parts of the river Nigi r : th;:y travt 1 over Inch dry barren dclerts, ihat every other camel carries water ; and the commodities are fait, cowries, wrought filk, Britifli cloth, and the woollen manufactures of Barbary. Fez is li-ated in a valley wa- tered by the Scboo, and furrounded by hills, 240 m Nk Morocco. Lon. 5 35 w, lat. 33 40 N. I'tza, a town of Perfia, in Farfiftar., where the cultivation of the finefi to- bacco is carried to a great extent. It is 86 m SE bhirab. Fezzan, a kingdom of Africa, having Tripoli on tin- n, and CafTina on the s. It is ai: extenlive plain, encompafled by mountains, except tothe w ; and to the influence of thefe heights it may be owing, that here, as well as in Upper Egypt, no rain is ever known. Though the character of the furface (which, ia general, is a light fand) and the want of rain, may feem to announce fterility, yet the fprings are fo abundant, that few regions in the n of Africa exhibit a richer vegetation. The greateft extent of the cultivated part is about 300 m from N to s, and aoo from E to w. From wells of 10 or 15 feet deep, with which every garden and field is furnilh- ed, the huibandman waters the produc- tions of his land ; among thel'e are the date tree, the olive, lime, apricot, pome- granate, fg, maize, barley, wheat, pompions or calabalh, carrots, cucum- jriitd witl» nil puhllc of wUtcli c ditlereiit ;,rt of thr of all f«"l« liirjje M * [>f Fez are ,il, lholl^•h (luntrymetif intolerant. Lind to have ve ihrm for incc to Jews JtT from the in acliniflion. ^er<; than in and the rich othelc'»oi)lu Tiore inUruc- fcwheri'. I'*./. f ihii empire ; Vlicca, carry - , leather, in- thea feather* } return hll4»» •avana alfo go r parts of the over inch dry y other cancel . commodities ht filk. Britilh iianufaiturcs of n a valley wa- lurroundtd by Lon. 5 15 w, inFarfiftar., Tihe fincfi to- it extent. It »» Africa, having afliiu on the s. inconipafled by ■w; and to the his it may be ;U as in Upper lown. Though ■ace (which, in and the want lounce fteriliiy, I abundant, that Africa exhibit a I greateft extent [is about 300 m from s to w. feet deep, with ji field is furnifti- [ters the produc- Ug thcle are the L apricot, pome- barley, wheat, carrots, cuwUiu- riA ber<, rntoni, and garlic Among the lame .ininula arc tlic (herp, cow, go,«t, camel, nfa, iind a rpeclea of the dn> mrftic fiiwl of Europe. The wild ani- mals .ir** thr odrich, and antclnnet of T.irion« kin«l«. A mullitndf of mix- ioiM aninn.4l!i infed thccDinifrv : addni, fnakeK, fcorpioni, .hhI londi fw.trm in thtf firldi, gardent, and hoiilrH ( the air i« crowded with nioAjiii'toi { and per- iona t a northern connry. Tompcftiof wind arc freqnmt, which whirl iipthe fand and dull fo a9 topive a yellow tini;f to the atmofph'-rf The tcvvn^ a'echiefly iiihabited by hnfbaiid- nnn and Jhepherch ; tor tlioijjrh tlwy aifo contain merchants and arlificcrn, yet agiiculture and piftnr.igc art* thf gr'iitipal occnpationi. Tlu- honfrs are uiltotclay, with a flnt mof, Cdinpnlid of b )Ughs of trees, on wliicli a qiiai'tity of earth is laid. The natives ar • of a (livp I'warthy complexion ; their hair a fliort curly black, their lips thick, their nofes flat and broad, and their Ikin em'tU a '-tid < fniivi:»; the'y are tall, ami well-fhaped, but weakly, indolent, and inat^ive. Their drefn is fimilar to that of the Moors of Barhary. In theit common interconrle, all diftindioni of I nnk feem forgotten ; the fhereef [go- I vernor] and the lowcft plflxian, the rich laiu! the po^r, the malter .md the I'er- vjnt, converfe tainiliMrly, and eat ;ind drink together. Geiirrous ard hofpi- tiblc, let his fire be fcanty or abund;;'it, llhe Fezzaner is dcfnous that others illiDuld partake of it; and it" jo pjrl'ons jwcre unexpedcdiy ttj vifit his i)w»-llinjr, Ithfy mult all participate as far as it |»ill go. When they ftrttle their money llnmraftionnjthi'y f(ju,Kupt>n thegrmind, Inil having levelled a ipot with their jhiuls, make dots as they reckon : if J'ii'y arc v.ron^T. they fiviooth the fpot Iwn, and repent the c ilculation. Gold ri.(l conllitntcs the chief medium of Ipiymcnt ; and vnlue in that medium is lilwnys exprcfTed byweiglit. In religion l*ty are rigid, but not intolerant Moha- pcians. The government is monar- |A' il ; and its powers are adminiftcred l»ith fuch a temperate hand, that the |jd, with a town of ihe lame name, 4H m WNw D.ontheim. Lou. 10 ^o r, l.ir. 6j 44 N. I'irranztiolo, a town of Italy, in Par* mcftn, fo m se Piacen/.a. J'ifu'nli, a town of Tnloiny, in FIj* rentino, fmini ly a cclehr.ited city, it flill retains its cpifcopil honours, and (lands on ;lic fummii of ;i hill, ^ in Nii Florence. J'i/r/ibire, a county of Scotl.'iid, ,? ; m long and 16 in its greatefl breadth ; bounded on the n by the frith of Tay, K by the ocean, i by the frith of Forth, and w by the counties of PvTlh andKinrof^. It is dU'ided into 6^ parifhes, which CO tained 9.^743 iniiahit.inta in 1801, and 101,272111 18 II. Il IS watered by feveial (Ireams, bjt nonr d^ferve the name of rivers except the liden and Leveii. The foil is fertile ; it abounds In cattle, coi'l, iron, lime, andfi\*eftoue ; axl has many Houiilhing manufr.cHures. The number of towns is alinoll iinparal- lel'tl in an ecpiul tr.iilt of coall ; for from Culrofi to Criil. about 50 m.isoun continued chain of towns and villages, (^ipar is the county-town, and Dun- lerfulin the largeft. Fij^riri, a town of Corfica, at the mouth of a river of the lame name, a* m WNW B,)iiiracio. l'\i^nruoIo, an illand in the gulf of Venice, near the <:oa(t of litria. Lou. 13 47 y, lat. 45 18 w. I'f^cac, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lot, with a Rcncdi(fline ab- bey ; feated on the Sclle, 22 m e Gahors. J'ii^hi.Jt a town of Barbary, in Bile- dulgerid. The inhabitants carry on a great trade with the merchants of Mo- rocco and Fez, and with the Nogroo. It is 240 m ESE Mequinez. Lon. 1 5 w, l.it. 32 20 N. Figueras, a town of Sp.iiti, in Cata- lonia, near which, on an eminence, is a ftrong citadel. It fnrrendered to th« French in 1794) without firing a fliot. r I'l f '• ■'" riN In »Hii,ihc French, by Irf.nhfty.wrre driven luit of it h> the Hp.ini«iili, who, aftrr a rigorous lilocliadc, ucrr nhligcd l«> Currciic'cr it .igaiii to the French. It U 14 in w Knfii. Fivuern Jut t'inhni, n town of Portu* gall in KnrciMmlura, celfhiatcd for itx winr ; (c itiil Minon;; mr>iint It wui the cnpiial of .1 mar(|>iiritr, an- nrxt;d to the duchy of Milan in \(^o^, but fold ti) thcG' nocfi' in 171 \. In 17461 it wai taltcn hy thi* Idn^; (J Sudinia, nnd rcftoicd in r74fl. It U .40 m ftW Genoa. Lon. H 10 i- . hi. 44 14 n. I'inale, \ town of Ii.dy . in Modem fci na«n illand formed hy the river Panaro, 3i m N K Modena. i'incajlUt a tuwn of Virginia, chief of Bftctuurt county. It i.. fitiiatc on Ca- tabaw crcd:, which flows into James jivir, ;^6 m bw Lexington, and 140 w Kichmnnd. Findhorn, .1 rivfr of Scotland, which lifeH in Invernt-fbihire, crolFffS the nw part of F.Iginfhirc, forms a lake ntnr Ft)rri(», anil then enters the frilli of Meray, at Findhorn. Findhorn, a village of Scotland, in Clkfiuniiir, at the mouth of a river of the fame n.inu', 4 m Nw Forri'r. It is the port of Forrei, and the harbour has a fhilting bar, which prevnts fhips of great burdm from entering. I'ini/lcrret L'apft the mod wcft< rn cape of Spain. It wasi thought by the ancients t:> have no cuuntiy beyond it, and therefore they gave it a name whic)i fit^nifits the Lands-end. Lon. 9 i; w, lat. 4% 54 N- Finijltire, a dfparimcnt of France, which includes part of the late province of Brctagne. It is ihe mod wefterly part of France, and bounded on three fides by the fea. Quimper is the capital. Finland^ one of uie five general divi- fions of Swede." ; bounded on the n by Swedifh Lapland, k by W'burg, s by the gulf of Finland, and w by that of Bothnia. It contiiins the provinces of Finland Proper Fail Bothnia, Tavaft- land, Nyiand, an(4 Savolax, and a part ofKexholm. In 1808, this divifion was invaded by Rufii.i ; and the Swedes. afte«* various battles, were neceffitated to give it up by a convention. In 1809. a treaty of peace was concluded be- tween the two powers, and the whole of the country, with the fea of Aland, and all iilands at an ti\\n\ di(Vflnc<* frnm AUiid and Finland, were ceded, to Hiidi^. But ihiscefTion, diiriiiK the pre* lent un(<:tilcd Ibie of territory, awaiis a ir.oie general peace. Ftnlnnd l'rofer,% province of Sweden, in the •<» part of the divilion of Fin- l.ind, having the gutt of Finl.uid on the s, and that of Bothnia on the w. It in i6e m long and 90 broad, and the foil fertile, with fc •era! tine lakes and iiv*w hatalia. Fiorenzo\ fee Fertntino- Fioifuxo, St- a icaportof Cnrflca, df. fendid by walls and a tower. It was la- ktn by the FngliOi and ('orficans, from the French, ill 1794. It is; m w BalUa. Firoji/iour, a town of Ilindooftan, in Mouli..n. fcatcd on the Setlege, at the inllux of the Bey ah, 20 m w Debalpour, and i/io K by n Moultan. FtJ^ Ui-ver, drfot, a river of Africn, which rifes in the unknown interior re- gions, divides Caffrena from the coun- try of the Hottentots, and enters the In- dian ocean, in lat. 33 24 s. Fi/herro M l.y » Hfw York. tij/atti, » fi-apori of R,irh«ry, in the (iroviiicvuf Tripoli, go m nw Trip •. «r»n, 11 10 r, Ut n no M. Fi/if/irt, a furliHrd town of M')rocc«», which h^iagrrat trade in fiiieg.irments. It ii 1)5 m NK MkMUccu l.un 5 35 k, lit 4» »7 N I'ltchburg. a town of Mafr.icliiiftts, in Worctdtr c«>uiity, 17 m w Wur- ccflcr, aiiti .18 NW Bolton. Fium \ Ire h'aifoum. Fiunie, or St. yi-it, a fi'tpnrt of Iftria, with A c.iftif, ami many nnc chuichm and c 'nvent It i» noted for wine, |ood ft)t*. and other friiitt \ and ha^ a Ing.ir ictiiH'iy, and a wax in.iiuit'iiiliire- Th< hailtonr in tornn-d hy tlu; river Fiuma ,1, wiiic I rntem ih • bay of C^r- ntro. Ir m 47 m E Capo d'ldria. I.on. 14 IS •-, Lit. 4S iH N. Fiuntecino. a riviT of It^ly, in Ro migna. fiirmrd of thff Firuti-llo, Hii- fonr, and Hurco, uhich flow between Crfena and Savignano, and foon after unitf; the Fiumciino ihcn flown nb, and enters the gulf of Venice, 14 m to the Nw j)f Rimini. Thi8 river ii the an- cient Rubicon, which was the bound- ary betwe<*n Cifalpine Oaul and Italy. Here Julius Csefar palTed, on his re- turn from Gaul, and caft the die that g»ve him thi; command of the Roman empire. rladjirand, a fcaport of Denmark, in N Jutland, with a harbour defended by three forts. It is 30 m nni:: Alburg. Lon. 10 19 e, lat. 57 33 v. Flamborough, a fat. Ir h4<« till* roitnty.yittl, hut th.' afli/r* arf hrUI .•» Mi. Id Hire nrt th*- rcm.iint of a roy.il cllUr, in which Riw:h.ird II took lh»'l'ft on nrriving from IrfUnd i but nn invlnff It he Wiia tie* Iivcrfil into th* hin«l« of niii rlv.iK nftrr. w»f<\ llrnry iv it ft'indionn rock cl'/e loth« Ic.ifindii i;'»v'rn. dhy .1 confliMi', who ii nll>) nniyor ol »hr town. The niimhi-r of inli.-ibii4iit 1 wjg 11A9 in I (to I, .tnd 14) t in iXri. It 14 ttMt''d on ihf f flii»ry of thi- Dev, ij n» tv liy M CttPlWr, and 19? wvv London. I.on. j • w, l.n. irf, ,1 county of W.df*, J9 m long and i> wlirrr l>rr)i«lrft ; houndid on thr N by thi» liHh Icii, hh .ir»d r. hy the riviT Dee, which diviilcn it from Cheftiirr, :ind » ami iw by DndxRhOiiM*. A d« t^clicd p.iit alfo rxtrndi on the K fide of the Di'f, about 9 m bftwtfn Chtlliire And Shroplhire. The county coutain* !()■;, jftn acreii ; I1 divided into fivi'hundtedi. and 11 pirifliem hina city Mnd three market towns ; and lctuUt«o members to parli.iment. The nnmbi r of Inhabil^infn wan ^9,612 in iH.ti. ainl 46, '^ 1 8 in iHii. A lofty ran)j<* ol mcMic- tains rifcs on the w, and fomn a l)old frontier. The vrdlryi are f.rni'd by thi- woi kni.billiip of the b' (I modern fcidptors. ^om^; of thv Hf- reniine merchants, lormerly, were nun of grcit wealth . aiul one of them, in the 13th crnttiry, built th.it n.bic r.d»ric, wltich, from thr rarne of its founder, is Itill ctlUd the P-da/zo Pitti. It 'Aas afferw ird pun liaicd by the Mt*. dici tamily, who ni xle f mi' ndarjce. mints; and it ihinn briMoie the riTi. (lincc of the crand dukes of Tiifcuiy. The Palazzo Vec»;hi> coiilains a room i7i!tit hing and 70 wide, for public entertainments. 'J'hc litauties ami nrheH ot theli' palacci, in archit<«(Jhirt, literature, painting, and (i nlptnre, have been oltm difctibed ; but belme tlir year iSo;j, all defeiiptio-i fell fliort nf their contcnla. 'ihe cehbraicil Vcmu of Medici, the ftand ird of feuiaic beauty, (food in a roo.n railed the Tri- bune; but this with 60 '.thiT inaftri- piccenof fculpture were, by a-voil-timtil priCautii n, conveyed to P.dcrmo ; and many others were afterward, by the French, tr,»n(ported to P.iris: the niaf- tcrpiects of painting alio fhared tlie lame fate ; but many excellent flatuc* and paintings flill rcttiain. The other n.oms arc indicau-d by their ct-nteiit- ; as the cabinet of arts, ( UngtMirr of TuJcany, Tht Mulciim ot' ii.itiir^l hift If* i« onr of thr mud complt-tenl the kmil|4riit iirm'xrtl lo it i* .1 t. ibirut rir.rMl'iitiicat pfrpiriilioii*, ilffmrd thr fUn ill F.urnptf, 1 hr m%- niif.u'tiitfn of I'liiencr .in- chiiMv liiki, Mtitii, I, I'M and lilvri 'lutlkitiHt il;«n>.ilk t>l)!rcioth< i atii! it .u* m contidrr idlr tr.uli ill frii||int»tixc«ll«'i,t wihft. 'I he iiili.ibiftnf* 4rc cftimUfd ui » and Ihr fiivifMhi an* ricli in riiril b«iiiity, ;iiif y nf V.illdiTi^iort, which from iti wild .i.'ut riim.iiitii; (ornery In fiippulrd t'l have tiiinilli -d Mittun with thr nriKin il of liiit l».ir,'dire. In lyi^y, th'* French iKinp", then in pofli-lh.n nf ihi^ liiy, wtri" iliivrii out liy Iheinhihit.mfi; bm llify ri'-int«re. and Ij^-viiinp ni llm of all Tiircitiv. Flor'-ticc in 4^ m H I)<)ln);n.i, utid ij"; nnw Rome. 1,011 1 1 ^ h, i.it 41 .j6 N. I'/orntt, St. ,1 town «/f Frnnc, in tl'c i!i-p:irtmt'nt»)f M.iynmr and I.oii»', with a Uiiitili'.'Hnr .ibl cy ; Uatcd ci the L'lif, ;o n» w«w Aii^crH. t'/ori-niint, St. n town of Fnnce, hi the dtpiitmcnt ofYinm*, at the con- flux of flic AimanCf ;ind Arm.ui(;')n, ij m NK AiixciTi', ind Ho m. Piris. l/orf/tlino, one of the thn:r provinces of Tiifc.iny ; bounded on tin- w by the republic of Liicca and Modctu'lr, n by the Aponnint's, e by the diicliy of Urbino, and » by Sictincfi.'. It is well watered, and very fertile. Florence ia the dpitai. I'lorfs, an ifland of the E Tndiei, 180 ni lun|,' and 45 bro.«d, lying to the K of that of Ciimban.i. On the s fide, near the li end, is a town named Larautuca. Lon. Ill 56 t, Lt. 8 ao ^. i'lorej, a fcrlilt.! illand, one of thr Aziii's, lo c.illed from the .ibiinlantTof flt.weiH foiiTiil upon it. Likens is the moll popiiloiia town, but bt. Cru/. in the capit>.l. Luu. 3 t o w, lat, 2,() 4.5 N. I'iorida, a ciuntry of N y\merica, 500 tn lonjj and i,?o broad; Innindtif on the M by the United St.itcs, R bv the Atlantic ocean, s by the gull'ot"Mf.\ico, and w by the territory of Orleans. It isdiviilid into liaft and Welt Florida; St. Aunnftin tht- capital of the former, and I'cnliicola of the latter. The country about St. Anguftin is the moft unfruit- hil ; yit, eviMi htre, two crops of maize ar« annually produced : the banks of the rivers are of a lupcrior quality, and well »daptcd to the culture gf rice and corH. Fon I'ht Interior country, wtilch U hiltf, alMiiintlt with wiHid of aimofl •■vrty kiiitt { p.trticuUrly while and nd tnik, piMc, hk'i^ory, cyprrfx, red and wliitit cctUr. Th»» lnt<'rv«l* l)r»w»'n tdc iiit'y pjrl* prthlni't' fpont.in^oiinv ihr truiit common lo (} orirla and the C.irolin4i | 4(id the whi'lt* country U v.ilii.thl<>, in a pirtlculir nunn*-r, for ila cxtri.rtvM ran,;r< tin t ril.' FIhiuU W4« difco* vcred by SilLiOian < .itnit, iii I497> ll.tving uftrii cha'Vid m«ikrr«, brhinK* inn Tltrrnattly l<» lli« Frmch iiid Hfii- ni irdi. It wa« Vi\\(n\ by tin- lall»-r lo the Kiii^l.lh \<. 1761 1 in whuic hn. iii it con* tinii'd till i/Hif «hcn it wa4 tikrn by the '^(i.tniiirdtt anii ceded to ihcin ui Hotxt a town of Upper -Saxony, in the principtlity of Anh.«lt, ft tn nw Z* riiit. i'iotzt a town of U'lli- hli, leitfd on the Ociiitt^, near itt cunllux with Hie Danube. I'.our, St. t city of rrmcp, capit d of thi* department of Can'.al.and a bniiop h ice. Good kiiivcH arc mule here, aiul it has aconliklcrabletrade in cor*). |iij tiratcd on a mountain, 5,) m ■ Clerm )nt. Lon. ) 6 r., lat 4s a n. i7ii/f)i/ti^, a llrong fciport of Dutch Z mI ind, ill the ifl ind ot Walchcren on the N full.' of the VVcdern Sch*-'^ Middlebury. l.ou- ? ,^4 K,|at. s I j6 n, iliijhinjf, a town of New Yor!(, in Queen county. Lorn: 111 itid, fituate on the n lldc i ! Hell- gate, 7 m K by n Nrw York. loc/uibtrs, a tnwn of Scotland, bf- lon^iinj; lo l.'.li.;iii(hirc, though letted on the 1. tide of the 1 ivcr Spi'y, over whii li is a brid>;c of tour arches. Here ate inaiuif.uiliireH of ihieid, calicos, aiul worlh-d (tocUinj^s, anil a valuable iiib moil Hlhcry. It in 8 ma by n Elgin, and iz vv by s Banil. focliia, a llaport of Afialic Turkey, in Natoli.i, with a calllc. I'he Vene- tians beat the Turktlh fleet near thii place, in 1 6-0. It IS feated on the jrnif of S 'yrna,atthe influx of the Hernius, a8 tn .^w Smyrna. Lon. a6 39 e, lat. 3H 44 f^- i''od sw ManfreJonia Fuif/iat a river of Italy, which rifes on the confinrs of Tufcaiiy, crofles the duchy of Urbipo, and enters the vjul'of Venice, at Fefaro. Fogiij/b, a town of Piedmont, 5 m nw Chivah, and 13 w Crefcentino. FoffO't fee r'uejfo. Fohr, or fora, an ifland of Derir.ark, about I am in circiimfsrence, near the coaft of Slcfwick. Lon. b 31 e, lai. 54 44 N'- Foix, a late province of France, ad- joining the Pyrenfts. It now forms, with Coufcrans, the department of Ar- ricRC. Foix, a tow.i of France, capital of the department of Arriege. Ht-re is a ma- nufa(!ture of courfe woollen cloths, and fome copp.r-mills. It is feated on the Arriege> 43 m s by e Touloufe. Lon. I 35 E, lat. 43 o N. Fo-iien, a province of China, bounded on the N by fche-kiang, w by Kiang fi, s by Quang-tong, and e by the China fea. The clinwte is warm ; and yet the air is fo pure, that no contagious difeafes ever prevail. It produces mufk in abundance, prxious ftones, quickdtver, iron, and tin ; alfo gold and filver, but it is forbidden to dig for thefe. It has fine plains; and induflry fertilizes even the mountains, the greater part of which are cut into terraces, riltng above each other. Its valleys are watered by fprings and riven from the mountains, which the hufb^ndman dillributes, with great ikrll, to refrefh his rice : he has even the art to raife his water to the tops of the mountains, and to convey it from one fide to another, by pipts made of bamboo. The people Ipeak a different language in motl of the cities, each of which has its particular dialcdt. The language of the mandarins ii that which is fpoken every where ; but few under- ftand it in this province : however, it produces a great number of literati. It contains nine cities of the firft, and 60 of the third clafs. Fou-tcheou is the ca- pital. Foligno, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoleto, famous for its fweftmeats, paper-milli, and filk manufactures. It is feated at the foot of the Apennines, in a delightful valley watc^-d by the Cli- tumnus, it m vmw Spoleto. Folk'ngham, a town in Lincolnfhire, with H market oa Thurfday. Here are 1- O N the ruins of an ancient caftle. It ii feated on a rifing ground, 18 m wsw Bofton. and 106 n London. Folk/hnff a town in Kent, with a market on Thuriday. It had five churches, of which four have been dc- (Iroyed by the incurfions of the fia. It is a membtr of the port of Dover, go- verned hy a mayor, and the inhabitHntt are chiifly employed in fifhing. Dr. Harvey, the difcovertr of the circuU- tion of the blood, was born he'.e. A little to the v is Sandgate cattle, built by Henry \ in. It is feated on the Kn^i;liih channel, 8 m sw Dover, and 71 K by b London. Fondi, .1 town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, feated in a fertile plain, near \ lake of its name, S m n Gaeta, and 4% wvw Capua. Fong-tjiangi a city of China, in the province of Chen-fi. Its diftridt con- tains eight cities of the fccond and third clafs. It is 560 m sw Peking. Lun. 106 j7 E, lat. 34 36 N. Fong-yangy a city of China, in the province of Kiang- nan. It enclofes with- in its wall feveral fertile little hills ; .tnd its jurifdi(ftion comprehends five cities of the fecond and 13 of the third daft. It is feated on a mountain, which hangs over the Yellow river, 70 m ne Nan- king. Lon. 116 58 E, lat. 32 S3 N. Ftnsy a town of France, in the de- partment of Lot, 5 m Nw Figeac. FontainbUau, a townof France, in the department of Seine and Marne, cele- brated for its fine palace, a hunting feat of the late kings of France- It Aandi in the midfl of a foretl, 35 m sse Paris. Fontaine l*Evequf» a town of the Netherlands, in the territory of Liege, 6 m w Charleroy. Fontanetto, a town of Piedmont, 7 m E Crefcentino. Fontarabioi a city and ft port of Spain, in Bifcay, on the frontiers of France, from which it is feparated by the river Hidairoa, which forms a har- bour at its mouth, in the bay of Bifcay- It ftands on a peninfula, at the foot of the Pyrenean mountains, and is fo ftrong both by nature uiid art as to be accounted the key of Spain on that fide ; but it opened its gates to the French, in 1794. It is 12 m sw Bayonne, and 62 K by N Bilboa. Lon. i 56 w, lat 43 23 K. Fontello, a town of Portugal, in Beira, 6 m N E Lamego. Fontenay le Comte, a town of France, capital of the department of Vendee. It has a woollen manufacture, and its fairs are famous for cattle. It is feated faplcB, in Terra di :rtilr pluin, near \ N Gaeta, and 42 of Piedmont, 7 ra FOR on the Vendee, 25 m ne Rochelte, and 55 w by s Poitiers. Lon. o 54 w, lat. 46 30N. fontcnoff, a village of tlie Nether- lands, in Hainault, 4 m sr Tournay. It is ci'lebratcd for a battle between the allies and th(.' French in 1745, in which the former were worlted. '^ontevraud, a town of France, in the dcpaitment of Mayennr and Loire. Hi-re 18 a ftimons abbey, in the cluirch of which fevenil kings and qucein of Francf lie interred- It is 7 m se Saunier. i'07fl, an idand of Denmark, on the w coail of S Jntlnnd, bp.tween th>>fe of Sylt and Nordllrand. It is of an oval form, ZQ m in circumference, and" the chief place is Utevfen. Lon. 8 30 t, lat. iZ 48 N- J'orcalgiiier,^ town rf France, in the department of Lower Alps, Oated on a hill, by the river Laye, 30 m ne Aix. I'ttcheim, a ftrong town of Franconia, in the principality of Bamberg, with a fine arfenal. It furrtndered to the French in 1796, but the Auftrianp com- pelled them to abandon it f 'on after- ward. It is feated at the conflux of the Wifcnt and Rednitz, 16 m sse Bam- berg. I'ordingbridgey a town in Hampfliire, with a marke^ (<.< Saturday, and a ma- nufadture of chi-cks and bed- ticks; feated on the Avon, 10 m s Salifbury, and 88 w by 8 London. Vore, a borough of Ireland, in W Meath, now a poor place, la m n Mul- lengar. Forelandf North, a promontory of Kent, the k pointof theifleof Thanet. It is the moft fouthern part of the port of London ; and a line thence extended N, to the point called the Nafe, in Eflex, forms the mouth of the Thames. Here is a round brick tower, near 80 feet high, ereftod by the Trinity-houfc for a feamark. Lon. i 29 e, lat. 51 22 K. Foreland, South, a promontory of Kent, forming the se point of England. It is called South, in rel"p('(fl to its bear- ing from the other Foreland, which is 13 m to the N. Between thefe two capes is the noted road, calkd the Downs. Foreft Towns, four towns of Suabia, in Brilgau, fituate on the Rhine and the confines of SwiflTerland, at the entrance of the Black Foreft. Their names are Waldfchut, LaufFenburjj, Scckingen, and Rheinfelden. Forets, a new department of France, containing the late duchy of Luxem- burg, except the n w part, which is in- FOR eluded in the department of Sambreand Mcufe. The capital is Luxemburg. Forez, a late province of France, hounded on the w by Auvergne, s by Velay and Vivsrais, h by Lyonois, and N by Burgundy. It is watered by the Loire, and feveral other ftreami, and has feveral mines of coal and iron. It now fi)rm8 the department of Loire. Forfar, a borough of Scotland, ca- pital of Forf/p'^iire. It contains many neat modern ' ifes, and has manufac- turos of coan.; linens and ihocs. The ilumber of inhabitants was 5165 in 1801. and 5652 in iRii. Itisntuatein an extenfive plain, 14 m nne Dundee. Lon. 2 52 w, lat. 56 37 N. Forfarjhire, or Angupjhire, a county of Scotland, 48 m long and 42 broad ; bounded on the n by Aberdeen (hi re, ne by Kincardinefliirc, se by the German ocean, s by the frith of Tay, and w by Perthiliire. it contains about 593,920 acres, and is divided into 53 pariihes. The number of inhabitants was 99,117 in 1801, and 1.37,264 in 181 1. It has many lakes .ind hills, but is fruitful in corn and paltiire- Marl is found in moft of the lakes, freeftone abounds in many parts, and there are feveral lime- ftone quarries- The principal rivers are the North and South Elk. The largeft town is Dundee. Forges, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Seine, celebrated for its mineral waters. It is 24 m n e Rouen. Forl't, a town of Italy, in Romagna, with a caftle, 10 churches, and many convents; leated in a fertile country', near the river Rones, 1 1 m ssw Ravenna. Formofa, an ifland in the China fea, lying between 119 and 122 c lon. and a a and 25 n lat. and feparatcd from the province of Fo-kien, in China, by a channel about 80 m where narroweft. It is 280 m from n to s, and 70 in its broadefl: part, but is j;ready contraAed at the 3 extremity. It is fubjedt to the ChineiV, who, notwithftanding its proximity and fize, did not know of its exiftence till the year 1430. A chain of mountains, running its whole length, divides it into two parts, the E and w. The Dutch built the fort of Zealand, in the w part, in 1634. They were driven thence, in 1661, by a Chinefe pirate, who made himfelf mafter of all the w part. In 1682, the whole iiland fubmitted to the em- peror of China. It contains extenfive and fertile plains, watered by a great number of rivulets from the mountains. It produces abundance of corn and l(; i II''' ■ T^ .;r "■ n'l- ^ t ffl^i r^'H ■; ■ ,1.. FOR rice, moil of the Indian fruits, many of thole of Europe, tobacco, fugar, pepper, camphire, and cinnamon. Wholelbme water is the only thing wanting in Formofa ; and it is f.iid, that every kind of watrt in it i« perni- cious to ftrangcrs. The inhabitants rt'ir a ^reat number of oxen, which they uli? for ridinj,', from a want of horles. In 1782, thii fine idand was overwhdmed, and almoll totally de- flroyed, by a furious hurricane and dreadful inundition ot the fta. Tai- ouang is the capital. Forriellfi, a town of N.iplcfl, in the county of Molife, 17 m w Molife Foriiovot a town of It.ilvi in P;iimelan. near which, in i4c^5» Charles viii of France obtained a vidovy over the princes of Italy. It is 8 m wsw Parma. Form, a borough of Scotlmd, in Flt;infliire, neatly liuilt on an emint-nce, near the E fide of the Findhorn. Tlie rivtr here expands into a lakf, and foon after enters the frith of Moray, at the village of Findhorn, which is the port of Forres. Here are manuf^dures of linen a lid thi ead, and a valuable ialmon fifliery. A little w of the town is a column, called Sweno's Stone, covered with antique fculpture ; ftid to h-ivc betn ercdsd in memory of a vi^ory obtained over tin* Danes, in ico8. Forres i<5 lom e by n I^'iiiin, and 16 vv by s Elgin- Lon. 30 45 w» 'at. 57 34 N- ForJJa, a town of Lufatia, with a caftle. It has manufadures ofwoolltn .ind linen cloths and carpets, and fiands Of) a little ifland in the NtilFa, 15 m ssw Guben. I'orteventurat one of the Canary if] lul"', 65 rn in length and of a very iru'jjtilar breadth, confilting of two periititijJaM, joined by an ifthmus 12 m in bif'JiHth. It prodi;ces plenty of wheat, barley, beevep, and jroats. The w point iti in loii. 14 ; I w, lat a8 4 n. Forth, .-> river of Scotland, which ri(os in the inonntain Benlomond, in Dumbartonfhire, flows v. in a finunus courfeby Stirling ?.nd Alloa, and meets the German oceiin a little below AUoa, where it forms a noble eftuary, called the Frith of Forth. I'he Forth is nnvi- gable for vefTels of 80 tons, as far as ^tirUng bridne, and for merchant veflels of any btirdi.'n as far as Grangemouth, where there is a communication be- tween this river and the Clyde, by a canal. See Canal, Great. FoHrofc, a borough of Scotland, in Rofslhirv-, fitnate on the Moray riiih, nearly oppofitc Fort George, to which there is a regular ferry. It is coropofed FOU of two towrnn, Rofcmarkie and Chan- onry ; the former a very ancient bo« rough, and the latter once a bilhop's fee. Two fmall parts of the ancient ca- thedral remain, one ufcd as a burial- place, the other as a court-houfe and prifon. It is 9 m sw Cromarty. Fortroi/nlt the capital of Martinico, oil the w fide of the illand, with one of the bell harbours in the W Indies, dc- feniled by a ftrong citadel. Lon. 61 9 w, lat. 14 ^ft N. Fortrayal, the capital of the ifliad of Granida. See George, St. Vojfano, a town of Piedmont, with a citadel, featcd on the Sturc, 10 m me Coni. Foff% a town of the Netherlands, In Namiir, fituatc between the S.imbrcand Meiile, 7 m 8w N.imiir. FoJJombrone, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Url)ino, with a caftle on a mountain, near the river Metro, 10 m »P. Urbino. FoJJ'um, a town of Norway, In the govtrnment of i^ggerhuys, noted for rich mines of cobalt. 35 m w Chriftiania. Fotheringai/t a village in Northamp- tonfhire, «near the river Ncn, 3 m w Oundle. Here are the ruins of a caftle In which Richard 11 1 was born, and Mary queen of Scots beheaded. In the church are inttrrtd two dukes of York; Fdward, killed at Agincourt in France, and Richard, flain at Wiikefield. Foue, ." town of Lower Egypt, feated on the vv branch of the Nile, 25 m se Rofetto. Fougt-rej, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ille and Vilaine, with an ancient caftle. In 1202, it was taken by John, king of Engl^uid. It is feated on the Cocfnom, 25 m ne Rennes, and 150 w by s Palis. Foula, or Foiv.'a ; fee Fula. Fouli, or Plioley, « country of Africa, extending on the fides of the river Sene- gal about 500 m from f. to w ; the boundaries from N to s aie unknown. It is populous and fertile. The Foulnhg are, in general, of a tawny complexion, though many of them are entirely black. Some lead a wai.deriiig life, and roam about the country with l.irge droves of cows, flicep, goats, and horfea : others are dextrous at hunting wild beafts ; the teeth of elephants, and the (kins of lions, leopards, and tigers, being articles of trade. Their arms are bows and arrows, lances, fwovds, daggers, andoccalionally a kind of fmall fiiiee. They are praifed by tnvellers for their hofpit-^lity ; nor is their humanity in other refpeds lels commendable; for, if one of their coun- lie and Chan- ry ancient bo« mcc a bl(hop*8 the ancient ca- ll as a huriaU ouTt-houfe and omariy. of Martinico, 1(1, with one of W Indies, de- el. Lon. 6i 9 oftheiflaiid of St. cdmont, with a ilnrc, lo m NE ■Nci'icrlands, in I ihc S.nnbvc and of Italy, in the h a caftie on a XT Metro, lo n^ Norway, in the inys, noted for , m w Chriftiania. re ill Northamp. sr Nen, 3 "^ n e ruins of a caftle was born I and ehcaded. In the dukes of Yorlt; icourt in Trance, iTiikt-rield. ^er Egypt, feated le l^ile, 25 ^ ^b ranee, in thede- Vil;.;k 5." u mm I. j V I II FIl A font waa killrd here by the Moors, in 1134, when hr be Urged this town. It IB 6j m BSE SangoilA. Lon. o 24 b, lat. 41 2S N. Fragnino, a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Ultra, 8 m n Rencvento. Fragoas, a town of Portugal, in Ef- tremailura, 7 m Nvr Snntarcn. Framlingham, a town in Suffolk, with a market on Saturday. It has the remains of a cadle. To this place the princrlii Mary retired, when lady Jane Grey was proclaimed queen ; and here ilie found that powerful fupport, which foon feuted heron the thtonu. It is 30 m K Bury, and 87 n'e London. Francatilla, a town of Naples, in Terra de Otranto, with a trade in oil, cotton, (lockings, and fnuff, 15 m eke Tarcnto, Francavilla, a town of Naples, in Ba- filicata, on the river Sino, 30 m wsw Turfi. I'rancft a country of Europe, bound- ed on the n by the Englilh channel and the Netherlands, e by Germany, Swif- ferland, and Italy, s by the Mediter- ranean lea and Spain, and w by the At- lantic ocean. From the Pyrenees in the s, to Dunkirk in the n, its extent is 625 m ; and fomcthing more from the mod eaftcrly part of Alface to the moft weftern point of Bretagnc, which pro- vince, it muft be obferved, extends above 100 m further into the ocean than any other part of the country. The climate is temperate; and the foil produdlive of a'l the neceflaries of life, and, among its luxuries, of the molt ex- cellent wines. The principal rivers are the Seine, Loire, Rhone, and Gironde ; and there arc many others, which give name to the departments in the new divifion of this country. The moft con- fiderable mountains are the Alps, Py- renees, Ceveimts, and Vofgcs. France was an abfolute monarchy go'ienied by kings, from the time of Clovis, in 486, to the death of Lewis XVI, in 1793. It was divided into fcveral military govern- ments or provinces; namely, Alface, An- goumois, Anjou, Armagnac, Artois, Aunis, Auvergne, Barrois, Bafques, Beam, Berry, Bigorre, Blafois, Boulon- noig, Bourbonnois, BrcflTc, Bretagne, Burgundy, Cambrcfis, Champagne, Couferans, Dauphiny, Forez, Foix, Franche Compt^, French Flanders, Gaf- cony, Gevaudan, Guienne, French Hainault, Ifle of France, Languedoc, Limjlin, Lotrain, Lyonois, Marche, Main, Marfan, Navarre, Nivernois, Normandy, Orleanois, Perche,Perigord, Picardy, Poitou, Provence, Quercy, FR A Rouergue, RouHllon, Suintongc, Soif- fonnoia, Touraine, Velay, and Vcrman- dois. Thefe varied much from each other in point of extent and importance, and there were others of ftill inferior conlideralion. The cflabJinied religion was the Roman catholic ; and the ecclc- flaflical divifion of the country was into 18 archbilhopricsand ti^epii'copal firit, txclufive of Avignon, Carpentras, C.ii- vaillon, and Vailbn, which belonged to the pope. But in 1789, a wonderful r«». volution took place. The deraigmd ft.ate of the finances of the country, in- duced Lewis XVI to convoke the (iites general, which had not been alTemhli',! fince 16 14. They confifted of thrre orders ; the nobility, the clergy, and the commons; and being alFembled in May. at Verfailles, they ntlumed the title of the National Aflembly. On theremovnl of the popular minider, M. Neckar, in July, an infurret^ion enfued in Paris ; the military refufed to fire upon the pio- pie ; the Baftile was taken by the citi- zens, and the governor and fome others were beheaded. The national afltmbly now proceeded to the moft extraordi- nary meafures : they diverted monarchy of its formidable prerogatives ; abolilhed nobility, and the whole feudal fydem ; confifcated the pofleflions of the clergy, rendering them dependent on a pultiic allowance ; and fuppreflfed all the religi- ous houfes. In OAober, in conlbquenct of a riot at Verfailles, the royal family | and the national aflembly rcinovcd 10 1 Paris. The king was now, in fait, a ftate prifoner, and he attempted to elhpe in June 1791, with the queen, his fifter, the dauphin, and his daughter ; but they were arrefted at Varennes, and conduft-| ed back to Paris, where the national af- fembly admitted the king's apologeticall explanation of his conduft. In Aprilj 1793, the king propofrd to the naiionalj aflembly, to declare war againft the kingi of Hungary and Bohemia, and war wajj accordingly declared ; but the king wasT fufpe<5ted ofadingin concert wiihthej enemy; and in Auguft, the mayor of Paris appeared before the national afj fembly, and demanded the depofUion of the king. Before they could deliberaid on this demand, another infurre(flion enJ fucd ; the Tuilleries (the royal refideiicej was attacked ; the Swifs guards werj malTacred; and the king and roynlfamil][ took refuge in the national aflembly That body inftantly decreed the fufpcn| fion of royalty, and the convocation i a national convention. The kinganf hia family were conveyed to the Tea pie, and kept in clofe confinenicn| th -f=' '^- utntonge, Soif- , and Vcrman- ich from each ind importance, of ftiil inferior ibiiflu'd rclin'.oii ; aiidtheecclc- onntry wr\9 \nu\ i3cpifcop:il It^es, ;:;arpcntra8, ^ai- nich belonged to , a wonilertiil rc- The dcvaignul the country, iii- nnvokc the Ititc^i iibeen alTcmblL'.l ,nlifted of three ^c clergy, and the ,lTemblod in May. imed the titU- oi r. On therenioval -r, M- Neckar, in enfued in Paris; > five upon the pio- taken by the ciu- or and fome others e national afltmbly he moft extraordi- divefted monarchy •ogatives ; abolilheil |,o1e feudal fyftem; ■flions of the clergy. ,endent on a puWic preffedallthereligi- rber, in conl'equence s, the royal family ifembly removed to was now, m ta«, a e attempted to clcape the queen, bis filter, is daughter; but they ircnnes, and conduft- ,here the national al- ,e kings apologetica conduft. In Apn , •pofrd to the national e war againft the king ohemia, and war wmI ed ; but the king wj e in concert with th 'uguft, the mayor o cfore the national af andcd the deppfitioi ■e they could deiiberaii notherinfurrcaione>v, es (the royal refideuce^ Swils gu«'^ gained a vi^oiy over the Aiillrif the departments arc Avp, Aifne, Al- licr, Alps Upper, Alps Lower, Ardeche, Ardennes, Arriege. Aube, Aude, Avei- ron, Calvados, Cantal, Ctiaventc, Chn. rente Lower, Cher, Corrcz^, *. ftte d'Or, CAtes du u^ord, Creufei Dordognr, Douba, Drome, F^tire, liure and Loir, Finifterre, Gard, Garonne Upper, Gere, Giroiiiic, ilcraiiit, Indre, indre and Loiie, J fere, lile and Vilaine, Jura, Laiide>. Loir and Cher,Loirc, Loire Up- per, Loire Lower, Lr,i ret, Lot, Lot and G.ironne, l^ozere, Mayenre, Mayinnc .■nd Loire, Mmchc, Marne, Marne Upper, Mt'urte. Meufe', Morbibnn, Mo- ftile, Notd, Nievre, Oile, Orne, Paris, Pas de Calais,. Puy de Dome, Pyrenees Upper, PyreneoK Lower, Pyrenees Eall- ei II, Rhine Upper, Rhine Lower, Rhone, Rhone (Mouths of thej, ^aonc Upper, Saone and Loire, Sarte, Seine and Oil*', Seine Lower, Seine ami Marne, Sevres (Two), Somme, Tarn, Tarn and Gn- ronne, Var, Vendee, Viennc, Vieiine Upper, Vofges, and Vonnc. AP thefc departments appear in this work; and the account of the late provinces .lie ftill retained. They conltitute the oil- j gina! territory of France, and the pcpu- 1 lation of them is 27,900,000. The countries that the ambition of the go- vernment has liiice annexed to its for- mer territory are Corllca, Savoy, Pied- mont, Parmefan, the w part «f Milancfe, I the bilhopric of Balil, the country ofl Valais, the territories of Avignon and I Geneva, the counties of Vcnaiflin andj Nice, the Netherlands^and all the Get* the arnil^i nf Ti;i crolVi'd \\\e ert by Uicir f»- icctl their .t,j. pit;il, in diHtr. atch 31. 18' *.i )itiU:\tio« 1 t'pn tl by tlu; iihiii- KipiUtC, 11 r vy. Tlu' Komiiv ri.clUbliflicd in on liHwten till! il, in i«oi ; and n of ihccciiiitr; ;8 aiul so l;i'l»"P- reUi;,i')n «« i»ll*J •vv c.iUnid.n- v,m )fi' of Ihc y.-ar I clivili 'H of the pariments. nearly ad of tliP «"* '^ "^ uid thclt d»'p-"t- into dirtri6ts, can- U08. The nan.es re Avp. A'''"f» ^'" nLowir, ArdechP, \ubc, Audc, Avei- al, C>>aventc, Clw- orrc/ii. «^ ftte d'Or. :reulev Dovdognc, re, hurc and Loir, ronni'Uppf*, Ciers, Indro. Indre and nnd Vd,une, Jura, pr.Loirc.LoireUp- .r.iret.Lot, Lotaml Vlayennc, Mayinnc c, Marne, Marne life, Morbihan.Mo- ■, Oife, Orr<', Pans, dc Dome, Pyrenees •wer, Pyrenees Ball- Lhine Lower, Rhone, the), ^-aonc Uppfr. arte, Seine and Oile, • and Marno,Sfvre3 am, Tarn and G.> ec, Vicnne, Vicnr^ rt Yonnc. Al' ihefe ,r in this work ; ami e late provinces aie CY conititiUe tlie ovi- rince.andthepopu- -27,900,000. 1'"^ ambition of the cf>- -e annexed tons for- Corfica. Savoy. PieJ; hew part efMiUincfe, BalU, the country ,rifs of Avignon and Uies of Vetiatffin a 1 ands, and all the Get- FR A man territory weftw.ird of the Rhine. Ther-.' countricii arc divid«*d into 37 dc- EartmenUj name)*'% Alps (Maritime), •yle, Porets, Oolo, Jcmap|)e, Ivn-a, Leman, Liamonr, LicM.tiengo, Mtui'e Lower, Mont BUnc, Mf-nt Toi iierro, Ncthct (Two), Ourthc, Po, khino and Mofrlle. Roer, Sambie and Menll-, Sarre, Scheldt, Selia, iiin^pion, 8tui.i, Taniro, Taro, and Vaucljfe. Thi» acquifition of territory matccs an addi- tion to the above population of France of 7 , 1 50,000- Parit il the metropolis. Fraiicff Ijle of, a late province of France, fo called from licing hounded hy the rlvcri Seine, Marne, Oilir, Aifnt", and Ourque. It new forms the depart- ments of Oifo, Seine and Oifc, Seine aad Marne, and Parii. France, Ijle of, ox Mauritius, an ifland in the Indian ocean, 400 m e of Mada- gafcar. It was difcoveted by the Por- tiignrle; but t'l" firft fcttlcri were the Dutch,ini598. Theycalleditlklnuritins, in honour of prince Maurice, ihe>> ftadt- holder ; but, on their acquilition of the Cape of Good Hope, they delV^rted it ; :'.nd it cnntln.:ed unsettled till the French landed in 1710, and gave it the name of one of the fineft provinces in France. In 18 10, it was taken from them by the Englilh. The ifland is 150 m in circum- ference, and the climate healthy, hut the foil not very fertile. There ar»: many mountains, Ibme of which have their tops covered with fcow; but they produce the beft ebony in the world. The valleys .ire well watered by rivers, and made very produftive by culti- vation, of which coflTee and indigo are the principal obiefts. The town and harhour, called Port Louis, are ftrong- ly fortified ; but in thehui-ricane months the harbour cunnot afford (belter for more than eight velTcls. Here are large ftonhoufes, and every thing neceflary lor the eciuipment of fleets. Lon. 57 28 z, lat. 20 10 s. Franche Compte, a late province of France, bounded #0 the n by Lorrain, I by Allace and Swiflerland, w by Bur- gundy, and s by Brefle. It ii 125 m long and 80 broad, and abounds in corn, wine, cattle, horfes, iron, copper, an»l Iwd. It now forma the three depart- I Bents of Doubs, Jura, and Upper Saone. Franchemont, a town of the Nether- linds, in the territory of Liege, i a m s e Liege. Francis, St. a river of Brafil, which [inns NE and then se till it enters the Atlantic in iat. 11 20 s. It has anum« wof towns and fcttlements, chiefly on Htihead waters. FU A Vrancifco, St- a town on the coaft of New Albion, caiit^l of a jurildii'tien of itHname, with a citadel, and a fine har- bour. It it the muil northern fetilc- m nw Kichmotid. Frnn^fort, a town of Peni'fylvania, in /'hiladrlphia coiiril", t,;i ;tn arm of th«! river D«*liwaie, 4 n» ki- l*hil.ulc!!>I\ia. {■'rtinifurt on the Mni»f, a fortJltd ciiv «'f Ufrnuny, in VV<'tftravi,i. on tho confines of Franconia. It is divided hy till- river Maine into two parts, whii h oninunicitvi by nni'ts of a Hoik- bridj-c; th« lirj^cr purt on ihc tt lide, iH Ci'li-d Fr.inkfoil, and the lnia!Icr Swhit'nhnnnn. It containy fevfral pa- l:ni;« and courtd belonging to princes 4tul counts; and here the kin^; of ilic Romans is elerted and crowned. The thi* f ftruflnre is the townhouf**, in M'liicli is prefervcd the gulden btill, the origin of the fundamental laws of the ctnpirc. All reliKiona are tolerated at Frankfort, under certain r'fftri(aions ; but F-iither»nifm is lln' tftablilhcd faith ; tluniph the principal ctnirch is in the poflclTion of the Roman catholics. The icw3 live together in a long narrow llrei t, feparated from the other citizens by a high wall. Frankfort is one of the moft commei-cial places in Europe, and has two great fairs every year. It WA^ taken, in 1759, by the French, who evacuated it in 1763; and it has been feveral times taken and retaken by the French and Auftvians, in the late wars. It is 18 m BNE Ment7, and 3. "jo wnv/ Vienna. Lon. 8 32 e, lat. 50 7 N. I'rankftrt on the OJtr, a town of Krandcnburg, in the Middle niark, with a famous univerfity and a noble aca- demy. It has three great fairs, and the 40 m w bjr s Huntingdon. 1' U R FruHtjufwoHt, .. t'jwn of France, In the department of Upper Uhm**, j.itcly otSwillerland, in thebilhopricot Ualcl ; liated (>n the DoubH, 16 m n Ncuchatel, and 17 s by w I'orcntru. I'ntHxburg, a town of Hither Potne- rania, 14 m ftsw StralAnul- Frnfiiiti, x town of Italy, In Cam- pogna di Korna, fcated on the fide of a woody mountain. it is a bilhop's (i>r, always poUVlli'd by one of the fix elded (Midin.tU ; and in its neighbourhood arc lomc of the moll magnificent villas in Italy. The ancient city of Tutculum ll(K)d on the fnmtnit of the mou.jtain, where itb feattered ruiiib of white ftone a,< intermingled with fhrubiandbulhcs. Between thefe ruins and Frafcati wai the Tulculanum of Cicero ; and St. h'llus, a Greek monk, in the i ith cen. tiiry, built .1 convent on the lite of hit vill I, which it now an abbey of Greek monks.and called Grottu Ferrata. Fraf- cati is n ni SE Rome. Fraferburg, a town of Scotland, in Aberdeenlliire, with a good harbowr for coafting vefTels, and a manufadlurc of linen yarn. It is feat'-d on the German ocean, .1 little s of the point of Kio- naird Head, and 4a m n Aberdeen. Lon. I 47 w, lat. 57 28 n. Ftauenbrun, a town of SwilTerland, in the canton of Uern, which takes its name from a celebrated munaftery, 7 m n Bern. Frauenburg, a town of W Pruflia, in the paLitinatc of Maiienburg, on the Frifch HafT, 14 m nk Elbing. Frauenfeld', a town of Swiflcrland, capital of the canton of Thurgau, with a good caflle. It is fcated on an emi- nence, by the river Murg, 19 m ne Zu- rich. Lon. 8 52 vv, lat. 47 ^i N- Frauenftein% a town of Upper Sax',.'y, in Miliiia, on the river Boberifch, 20 lu ssw Drelden. Frnujladt a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Polcn, which h-ts a great trade in wool and oxtn. Near this 1 town a battle was gained by the Svvedt! 1 over the Ji'-xons, in 1 706. It ftands on | the frontiers of Silelia, r.o m ww Glo- gau, and 35 ssw Pofen. FrcJelurgt a town of the duchy of I Wcltphalia, on the river Wcnnc , 23 m I SSB Arenfberg. jFrruric ot UjIcI . I N Ncuthalel, Hither Pome- Ill. luly, 'n Cam- jn t»ie lick of a I a bWhop's lee, of the fix eldelt ^hhou'-hooil arc uRceiit vWlas in ly olTulculum ,f the mou.Uain, iih of white (lone ind i-'rafcati wai Cicero ; und ^t. in the I ith cen. on lh«' lite of hn n a\»bcy of Greek ittiiFerrata. Fraf- n of Scotland, in I Bood harhour for a manufaflure of ^i\ on the German the point of Kin- a m N Aberdeen. i8 N. , . . mofSwifTerland.m vhich takes its name pnaftery,7mNBern. vnofW Pruffia.in Muvienburg, on ine KElbing. ,^.n of Swiffcrlaiid, ,nofThurgau, with ,s fcated on an mi- , lat. 47 33 N- ^n of Upper Sar.'), iver Boberifch, »o m „ of Poland, in the n, which h^s a gr-^^i ; oKt-n. Ne»rtb.. tainedbytheSwedn f,7o6. Itftandson ^wt of the duchy o£| le river Wcnue,i3'n ,,fiedtownofthellatc }»ynn county, ana Simon inand, >v^hj ioui harbour, 70 »"»* a town of Furt'»'=; a town of Dcnmaiki V H K in »fi»* iflo of Zd'aiul, with a caftic and |mIii'', in lU'Mvk Ci)priili;i|{rn FnJiriijOurff, a Jt)k* 11 «tl' Vir){ini,i, ca- pital of SpitHylviiii.i county, anil a pi. ■•€; ofconlidir.ihlf tradi-. It iilitiian- on tlif U ippih.iiiiioc, 44 in i^nk Kich- inoiKl. I.on 77 i^ w, I, It. ^'.illli: Lon. I 5 v. lat. 4 TO s i'rfilfiicjhaU, .1 (rapo/t of Norw.iy, in the province nrAx^fritiuys, liiuatf at thi' inoitth of the river TilU-, in a bay called tltf S^iiicrtind. I'lic h-irtiotir it r.ife 'ti\d coiniitodioiis ; hut thr lar.,'e quantity on'aw-dull brounlil down lite five;- from tli<.' diUcrtint fAW.millii, oc- caiions .tn anr ual expi-nfc to clear it away On tlic oppuiiic lidc ol" the rivcf is tli»; hitherto imprcRiialili.' for- ircl"* of Ficdrricllcin ; at tin- lifge of wliicli. in 171S, Chaiict) xii ufSwedrn w.is killed by a initlket hail. It is 60 m ssK Chridiania. Lua. ji 25 »:, lat. 59 7 w- I'Vederie/ham^ a town and fortrdk of Runia, in Can>lla. It is neatly built, the llrerts going off like radii from a centre. Here, in 1783, an interview was held between the cmprefi* of RiiflTu jiid the king of Sweden. Ic ia liatcd near the gul*^ 'if Finland, 68 m wsw Wiluirg. Lon. \8 iB K, lat. 60 36 n. VrtJcriiJlad, a town of Norway, in the province of Aggerhuys, und the moll regular fortrcCs in this part of Norway. It has a conliderable trade ill ded timber, and is fcaied on the Glomme, 15 m wmw Frcdcriclh.tid. Vrtdericjiadt a town of Deiiin.irk, in S Jutland, at the conflux of the Tren with the Eyder, 17 m sw Slefwick. I'ledericfvorrit a town of Norway, in theprounce of Aggerhuys, on the Ica- coaft, 5 m s by w Laurvig. Vrederidowny a town of Maryland, capital of Frederic coiitity, with fou/ edifices for ptiblic worlhip, and an ele- Sant court-houfe- It has a conlider- able trade with the back country, and is fitu,ite near the Monocacy, 36 m >>Nw Wafliington, and 38 w by n Bal- limortf. Lon. 77 is w, lat. 39 aa n. ^'rederiiioivn, ' the capital of New Bri'nfwick, on the river St. John, which iithus far navigable for Hoops. It is 90 p. above the city of St. John. Lon. 66 jjow, lai. 46 20 N. I Freehold, or Monmouth, a town of New Jerfey, chief of Monmouth coun- ty. Herein 1778, general Walhington Jltacked fir Henry Clinton on his retreat fiom Philadelphia, and the latter loft F R E 3^)0 rnrn. (t i« aum >». Brutifivick, and JO ^■ Trciitoi.. Frr />3it, a town of the diltii>J> of M.irii, III Cuinhorlantl county, at the hi.ul ot ('ali.'o biy. 10 m nk Porll.ind. t'leitawn, a feaport of Otiinra, ca« pit.il of the colony of Siena Leone. Tlie h II hour hat three wh.irfit. and la prote^leil by a b.ttiery. h Hands on the s fidf of the nur Sierra Leone, near itieiitiaiKC into llic Atl.iiJtic ocean. Lou I a 56 w, lit. b 30 N. I're/if/, a cipe of France, in the de- p.irtineiit of Ctites dii Nord, 13 m to the w of Si. M.ilo. Loll, a 15 w, lat- 4ii 41 N. I'Vrjui, a town of France, in the d and 48 f: Olmutz. Vreyburg, a town of Silefia, near the river FoUhitz, 7 m nw Schweidnitz. Freyenfliviy a town of Brandenburg, in the mark of Pregnitz, on the fron- tiers of Mecklenburg, 2; m nk Perl«* berg. Sa ■+/*'-i Fni Frffffiwtif'tf,* town of Bran ■ town of \^^y^r\i, ca- pital of .1 prini-ipalitv Hitr liifhoprio) of the f.ime niim**. The iMthrilr^l and paLier iirr br.iniiful ftrii^liii«*i. It v^aii taken by th»« French in i7^[6. It in finted ona mountnin, near the Her, lo m nni Munich. Ton ii 50 >,lai 48 at n. I'rttfflndtt a town t»f Germany, In the cdinity of ( at/rni'lliMiboKcn, near the Rhine. lA m wnw |).irm(tiiclt. Vrtyjlfldt^ a town of {Iiin)(.try, wifh K ciftlc fiMtcd on th*> Waa(!t uppufiie Leopold n.idt. Irtyjindt, a town of Moravin, In the princip ili(y «>f Tefchen, with a cadle, on the rivrr Ella, 8 m nnw Tclchtn. Frejfjlat, a town of Silefla, in the principality of Ologau, with an ancient caftle, 14 m NP. Sagan. Freyjlat, a town of Auftria, which bap a cicat trade in worded, 17 m u \'.n^. Friojt a town of Sp:>in, in Old C.il- tilet (eated on a hill, near the river Ebro, 3i m KNK Burgos. tViburffy one of the cantonR of Swif- fcrlanii, furrounded by the canton of Bern, h h ffrtile in corn, fruiti .nut pafture ; and the checic made in tins canton i« deemed the belt in 8wifi-r- land- The inhabitants are papills. Friburjf, a fortified town of Swilfer- land, capital of the canton of the (lime name. It is Seated in a hilly diftri^t, on the river Saneni which divides it into two parts; that on the w fide Handing on plain ground, and the other among rocks and hills. The public buildings, efpccially the cathedral, are ▼ery handfome ; and the bilhop of Lau- fanne refidcs here. Three m from this town i8 a celebrated hermitage, cut in a rock, faid to be the work of one wan, with his fervant, who performed It in 25 years. Friburg was taken by the French in 179R. It is iB m sw Bern, and 30 ne Laufanne. Lon. 7 15 X, lat. 46 43 N. Friburjr, a town of Suabia, capital of Brifgau. The Iteeple of its great church is the fined in Germany ; and here is a univcrfity, a college formerly belong- ing to the jel'uits, and feveral convents. The inhabitants are famous for polifh- ing cryAal and precious ftones. It has been often taken ; the laft time by the French, iiv 1796. It is fcated on the Trifer, 53 m s by w Buden. Lon. 7 58 t, lat. 48 3 M. Friburg, a town of Upper Saxony, rri I In Th\\T\r\%H, %\x\\ a cadle on a iiimin< tiin, fituatc on the UiiArul» j m mmw Naiimburg. Fritrnii, a town of Nitplei, In Prfn- eipato Ulii I. HI ar the livci 'I'ripaitu, »<, m KH nrnrvi nto. Fr'nIuH, a t )wn of Germany, in Stiria, on tliff river Uiave, tj m Kik March* burg. lri(itit% » town of Moravia, in tlie circle of i'tfchrn, on the river Oder, u ' Tekhen i njftnt a town of Suabia, on the D.»nnl)f, )o m sw Ulm. Ftietlbtrgt a tov n of Germany, in Wrttcravia, lately imperial ; leatcd (in a mountain, by the river Uibach, ij m N by K Frankfort. irieJbera;, a frontier town of Davaria, with acinU', fitnate on the Lecltfeld, m ». Augfburg, and 30 nw Munich. FiitJberx, a town of Silcfia, in the principality of Schweidnitat. A little n of the town ;> battle was gained by (he king of Pruflla, over the AuHriani*, in 171^. It is 7 m NW Schwridiiiix. iritdburjf, a town of Germany, in fttiria, on the river Pink and froiititrs ot Hungary, .^3 m ni Grat/. FrifJburj^, a town of Weftphili.i, In £Fricnaiid,witha callle, aj m » Kmdei). FriedUindt a town of Silefia, in the principality of Oppelcn, on the livtr Steina, 11 m k Ntifle. Friedland, a town of Lower Saxony, in Mecklenburg, Icatrd in a fMnmpf country, on thcfronticiBof Pomtranu, 16 m ssw Anclam. Frifdiand, a town of Hohemia, on the confines of Lufitia, 7 m y.sv. Zittau. Friedland, a town of Pruflla, whrre the French, under Bonaparte, gained a | complete vitflory over the Itufli.m.i in , 1807. It is leatcd on the Alia, a8 msij Konigfberg. Friendly Tjlands, a group of iflaniiil in the S iHacific oce;m, fo named by| Cook, in 1773, on account of the friend- (hip that appeared to liibfld among thej inhabitants, and their courteouo be* haviour to ftrangers. Tafman, a Dutclil navigtitor, firft touched here in i64'>| and gave the names of Amftcrdam^ Rotterdam, and Middlcburg, to thrrcj of the principal iflands. Cook expIor.[ ed the whole clufter, which he found to confilt of more than ao iflands, th'j principal of which are Tongatabno, oq Amfterdam ; Eaoowe, or Middlcburg ; Annamooka, or Rotterdam; HapaeeJ and Lefooga. The firft, which is th( largeft, lies in 174 46 w Jon. and 11 9! lat. The general appearance of theid iiland* conveys an idea o£ the mol Si^ of Surtbia, on the nof Hohcmta.onthe I, 7 m FSK ZittaiJ. ,M> of Piufl'u, whfre ■ Bonaparte, gained a over the Uuffi.ins in ontheAUa, aSmsil a group of iflandi ocean, fo named b)r| account of the fi lend- i 1 to lubfift among the their courteous bc-l ■rs. Tafman.aDutch ouchcd here in 164'. lames of AmfterdamJ Middkburg, to thrr: nands. Cook explorj iftor, which he found re than ao iflands, tti. ch are Tongataboo, ofl oowe, or Middleburg Rotterdam; Hapa«j The firft, which '8 thj ,446 w Ion. and II 9^ al appearance of M an Idea o£ the r^4 FRI «iin>»fTant fcrtiliiy y the rurr«cr, at t ^irtiiici-. frfmi entirely cictthrd with tree* of varioui (Ixci, (time uf which »ix very br{;r. p.irtlriil:irty the till «(icoa p.ilm, and 4 Iprcim of f\g with narrow pointed le'ivcti. On cKifcr rxa- tnination, tlicv Mt jlinolt wholly laid out in pljnNtioni, In which are fume *>f the riclirft prodni**ion4 i>( n.iture; inch «« brr.id-frnit ami cocoa niit tic<'«i f>lantain*, yamft, fuKur^cmri, and a fruit ike a ney received from Cook, fomr vjhublc .ulditioni, both tu the animal and vr^rt ibh* king- dom. Their domt-Hic fuwU are aa larg«> at thnfr of Europe. Among the bird< are parrot* and p.irroqiKtu of va- doui forti, which furnilh the nul lea- ther! fo much eftcemt'd in tli- Society illet. T^:. numerous rcel'd and (ho.iU ariTord (Itelicr for an i-ndiclii variety of fhellfilb. Thofr iflandi are all inha- bited by a race uf people, who cultivatr the earth with great nutndry ; and na- ture, afTided by a little art. |.ippeari no where in greater Iplendour. A{]ricul* ture, archite«^urc, boat-building, atid filhing, are the errpluymcnt of the men; to the women is confined the manufa^urc of cloth- Friefach, a town of Germany, in Carinthia, with a ftrong caftle on a mountain ; featcd on the Metnit/, ij m MNi: Clagenfurt. Friefland, one of the province* of Holland, bounded on the n by the German ocean, w by the Zuider zee, 8 by the fame and Overyflel, and e by Overyfll'l and Groningcn. This coun- try much relcmbtcB the province of Holland in its foil, canals, and dikes. Lewarden is the capital. Friejlandt Fti/i, a principality of Wedphalia, fo called from its fituation with refped to the Dutch province of Friefland. It is 45 m long and 42 broad ; bounded on the n by the German ocean, E by Oldenburg, s by Mnnltcr, and w bjr Groningcn and the German ocean. The country, being level and low, is obliged to be fecurcd again ft inundations by expcnfive dikes. The land is fertile ; and the paflures feed horned cattle, horfes, and (beep, of an extraordinary Cze. On the death of prince Charles Edward, in 1744, it be- came fubjcft to the king of Pruflia, who refigned it by the treaty of Tiilit in 1807, and it has fince been arnexcd to Holland. £mden is thecapital. Friefland, ^eflt that part of Holland, «ore ufually called North Holland. Friof Cape, a promontory of J^rafil* FRO In the province uf Kin Junefro. Lon. 41 ji w, Ut. ai u •• Pnjch Uaff, a Mk« or bay of Prudia. from s to 9 ni broad, nnd ritPtidinn ;« in length alutig the Hjltic fca, with which it cominnntcatct by a narrow palPage, at Pillau. Frltzlart a fortift^-d town of Ger- many, in Lower llin"*, with two col- letfrt an<| a convent, IcatcJ un the lulcr, ao m Rw c.incl. Ffiuli, \ province of Italy, hounded on the N by t arinthia, a by C irni »l« and the gnit of Tiieft, « l»y ihegnlf of Venice, and w by Trevilano and liel- lunelc. It ii rich in timber, catth-, Alk, wine, and fruit. (Jdma In the capital. FriuU, or 0'// Fnlhnm, ^ «itltti;r i' Miiltl'ifrx, 4 m w hy l.otiilort, ff .t'd oti thr Th.mi t% ovt r whiv'h i* « WOiHlrri Un k, to I'li'n-'y. It hrt» Iwfti th- n(|urll h> ir ib<'V have < pil "'e | and in the chiiuhv trd are tht torn >« uf ((•vet.il of ihe prcUtf*. FulluHt (I coiiit'ry In th»* inirrior of Atiic.i, ^ o' ihf kiinTiJo-n r»f Cilllna. The hunndari«'»h,»vv M'lt b«en )fcert4in> ed, nor hm thr »i«iv of th« country heen i|c''crllM»|. The dreU of the native* rrfi-mbU!* the plaulu ol thr Scotch high. I.itidert. Vulnek, a tnwn andcjflh* of Mor ivi.i, on the frontim of uilefia, 26 m knr I'rer.iii I'lindial, the c.ipital 'of Madrira, fthialc ro'tnd a bay, mi tlw jj'-nlle afcrnt of fume hill of .1 flerp bl.K k roci<, tailed the I.ou Kock, fiirronnded l)y the tea at high water \ till re are alf 1 thre«' 01 her foiti, and Icvcrd hatterit*. The ftr'et-> are naiiow and diriy, thnuxh Areami uf water run thrfnign them. I he honli-i arc Iniilt of rreedonc, «ir brick* | but they are d.irk, and only a few «)t the bell arc provided with glafn wiiidovvs; Ihe otiicii have a kind uf lattice work in their (lead, which hangn on hingeit. The l)e.imi and roof of the cathetlr.il are of cetlar. The chief curiofity hrrc iH .1 clianilier in the Francifcan convent, which han the walls and cicling covcud with liiim.in fkulls and thigh-boncg, laid to \w. the leiics of holy men who have died on the iHaiid. The town contains alniiit 11,000 inhabitantCi. Lon. 17 6 Tyrol, and is fcaied on tiit L<'ch, t,o m s yVugfburg. Lon- 104'; r, I it. 47 .'?4 n- Fiilii, or Fuu/if, the moll wrdern of the Slietland ill.mds, ^ in loii^ and hilf as much broad. It .TirortU palliiraKc for fliccp. Tlic only laiidin,^; pl.icc, called Ham, is on the r. luie. Lon. i 37 w, lilt. 60 29 N. /•'«/o feet. The latter liranth, with V< it b^y, which pulhei into the l-iiid in i ^w diredtion from Northiimbi rland ftrait, form an ifthmui of only urn wide, which unites Nova Scotia to New Brunfwick. FuneK,.\n ifland of Denmark, 150 m in circuraterencc ; feparatcd from Jut- Fir ft Rffl hy a ftrtit, caII^cI thr f.ittlr* n< It, And frotii /•■nUiiil, l)y ih) (triMt ||<-lt 1l U fvrtlU in pafturr unit jt'Jiiri, :iiicl rx. port! (o N»rw4y, b^rl^'y, imU, rye, «itvi-vn ih^ Drave uiiJ the D^niil)**, Hs m « I a N /•W/y, a town of Napira, in Abruxxo Citr.i, it m %*i H'tlmon't. i'urnfi, * lowii 1)1 lilt NrdirrlAiitii, in Fl initi-rt, Ir.itrd ii> i' tlir Grrm^ititcciii, on ilir caiitt from nru)(c» Iw Onnliirk. Il WM one of thi- lMiri(>r towtm t liit, in I?"'! e French in 1791,4^1 i« it in » Otitiliiili. I'un itkiihatltA town of Hiniloo(l.in, in thf tfiritDry «»<" Rohilciinil, tMpltal of a rm.iH (lillri(5), .iltotit )o in long, on tlic right \\A\\V (if thr OaiiKr*. wliirh he- longa to a t iiirf of the t'atan Kohilij tribe. It ii I'cited on the Oangrs 70 nf\ R Agr.i,4iul 76 Nw I.ucknow, Lon 79 30 *v, Ul. 17 18 N. l-'u/linuu, .1 town of W'fflphali.i. in the princip.ility of Oinabiirg, ij m kw Quakenbmg. I'urjltHift^, .1 principality of Suiltia, bftwern the Ml.ick foted ami tiitr prin* cipality of Ct>nlt-tnctf. In this ft;ttc the river D.iiiiilm bin iti rile. I'urj/fnbfrjf, a town of Sii:ibia, in tin- principality of the (vnt name, with an ancient calUf on a mountain, near the Danobe, 17 m s by w RolhwcH l.oii. t ;,5 E, l.tt. 47 5.J N. I'ur^Unberif, A town of IJpprr Sax- ony, in Luiatia, on ihc river Oder, 1 1 m s by V. I'rankfort. FurjUnl)rri(, a town of Lower Saxony, in Mecklenburg Strelit'Z, on the rivor Havel, 10 m s Strclitz. i'urjhnfeldt a town of Germany, in Siiria, with a cadic, on tht: river Aiift- nitz, JO m 8 Oratz. FurJitnivalJ, a town of Brandrnlmrg, in the Middle mark, li-ated on the Spree, lam BSi-: Berlin. yurjfeniutrdtr, a town of Branden- burg, in the Ucker mark, 11 m nw Prenzlo. Furtfi, a town and c.nftle of Lower Bavaria, on the river Cham, 10 m nc Cham. Furth, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Anfpach, feated on the Kednit/, 5 m nw Nuremburg. fut.ipourt a town of Hi; dooftan, in Allahabad, .14 m ess Corah, and 66 WW Allahabad. fujbini, * town of Pf rfia, ia Chora- O AD fjtn, rflfhriffef »or th# ^eallly of Uie cyprrft-iieft in iti vicinity It U filutU' Oh ihff tlv»liu«)d, fo m Kw lltr.tt. />»>/, one of Iht At'itd*, or Wf(l»m illiiulti It i« \vi II CI iiivNi« t thinly .iinl rot -I The molt umfid.j' able placi* iic.ilird VdU dr lloria. l.on. ii y> w, tat. ,tfl )a N. IWrj I Ice I'.ij^ert. Ij>if, l.nih in .Srotlmd, an Inlet nf thr AiUn'ic, ill Ai|ryt«'lbirc, nmrl)' 40 m luiij{. It rTCivfk iiiid rriiirnt a tiilu on e.cli lid of the 'flc of Atih, wl,i h is oppoliu* lit entrance II i« in* dented with bay* ( .itui in the hrriii.g (vafon il the rcluri «>f Mintrroua findi g VclVrll. I'tftthiiit, a rlfy of lliii'loorian, in live territory ot Oudr, ol wlicn it wa^ once the cipital. Here arc the lemaini i»t a vafl p.ilacc of »hc lite naboln. Tbo ciiy i;! populoim ; btit lince the removal of the Cnwrt of Olid*' to [.iiiknow. it hak ilecliiifd in wi alth. It it leaird on the Go^ra, 70 m t l.ucknu>v. Lun. ba 26 R, lut. i(t 46 N. G. (uihnrtt, a town of France, in the »lr. partnu-nt ofGrr*, leated on thr Oi-lille, 16 ni w Co ilom. (itibft, a fortified town of Bohemia, whicli comm nida the paft into Luiatia. It in 8 m • Zittau. (iabtit or i-iabs ; fee Cubej. i'mbintit a villa^^c of France, in the department of Her.iult, y m nw Beziers. It Iu4 a mineral i'pring ( and nei- it is a ro<"k from which ifriies petroleum. dabin, a town of Poland, in the pa* latinatc of Rava, 50 m nw Warlaw. Lon. 19 45 E, lat. 3 J a6 n. Gabun, a country of Guinea, bounded on he N by Majomho, K by Anziko, s by Loango, and w by the Atlantic. It has u river of the fame name, which enters the Atlantic a little n of the cqninodi.il line. The chief town is Sette. GaJfbujt/i, a town of Lower Saxony, in Meckknbiirg.near which the Swedei di'lVatril the Danes and •'^axons in 171s. It ir» 16 m NNW Schwnin. GuJemh, or GadunitSy a town of Dar- bary, in Biicdulgerid, capital of a coun- try of the fame name. Caravans travel hence to Bornou and Tumbu^tuo, and ',, - I iU'ii' GAL it U a place of confidcrable t ade. It ii 170 m sw Tripoli. Lon > 40 e, lat. 30 40 N. Gaeta, a ftro'.^ town of Nnplci, in Terra di Lavoro, '•vith a f »rt, a citadiM, and a hirbour. Oppolilc the great por- tal of the cathedral is an am. que column, marked with tho u.ime ot iht? winds in Oieck and Lnlm. Ntai tl.is town WiU the Formian villa of Cicer<; ; and tradition pomtBout its fite, md the >'er3r Ipot vvht-re he was butchered. Gaeta uas takon hy the Aultririnb in 1707, by the bpaniaids in 17.^4. and by the French in j8o6. It ii (caied at th<' foot of a mountain, on the gulf of Cacta, 30 m wNw Capua. Lon. 13 47 u, lat. 5 1 30 N. Gago, a town of Negroland, capital of a conntry of the fame name, which abounds in rice, corn, and mirics of gold. It is 309 m ssB Tombudoo. Lon. 3 30 E, lat. II ION. Gaildorf, a town of Franconia, in the lordftiip of Limburg> with a caftle, near the river Kocher, 13 m w El wan- gen. Gail/ac, a to'vn of Fiance, in the de- partment of Tarn, celebrated for its wine. It is feated on the Tarn, which is here navigable, 10 m sw Alby. Gaillorit a town of France, in the de- partment of Eure* with a magnificent palace, belunging to the aichbiihop of Rouen. It is n m t]E Eurcux, and 22 ssE Roum. Gainjborvu^h, a .own of Lincoln fli ire, with a market on Tuei'day, feated on the Trent, over which is a handfoire ftone bridge. It is a river-port of fojne confequence, being acccflible to veffels of fufficient fize tr. navigate the fea \ and feives a? a place of export and im- port for the N part ol the couniy, and for Nottinghamfhire. It is 17 m nw lJncohi,and 149 N by w London. Lon. o 36 E, lat. 53 %% N. Gairlochi a large bay of Scotland, on the w coaft of Rofslhire, which gives name to a tradt of land near it. The fifliing of cod, and other white fifli, is here very confide»'ab!e. GalacZf or Galufit a town of Euro- pean Turkey, in Moldavia. In 1790, it was taken by the Ruflians, after a bloody battle. It is feated on a lake, near the conflux of the Pruth with tiie Danube, 55 m w Ifmael, and 120 saw Bender^ JLon. z8 24 e, lat. 45 24 n. Galapagos, a number of ifl/inds in the Pacific ocean, difcovcred by the Spaniards, and fo named from the great labundance of tortoifes found among GAL them. They lie under the equator, ofF the coaft i,r Peru, between lat. 8«} and 92 w There are on,ly nine of them of any oonfidnable fi/e ; but the whole are harrcn, and uninhabited. Gfilajhieht a town of Scotl.md, in ?clkirk(h'ie, with a manufadnre of woollen cloth, ki.nwn by the name of OahfliieU Gr.iy. It is feated on the Gala, nti' its conflux with the Tweed, 5 m N Selkirk. Gdhyh, a river of N^^plcs, in Otranto, which rifes nt-ar Oria, and runs into the gulf of T-irento. Galbnlly, a town of Ireland, in the county of Limei Ick. Wixe are the ruins of a confiderablc monaltery. It is 10 m ssw Tipperary, and 27 se Limerick. Galitia, a country in the sw part of Poland, which extends 320 n. from k to w, and 290 in breadth. It comprifca Little Poland, the greateft part ot Red RufTia, and a flip of PodoHa to the w of tlic river Bog. This territory was forcibly fcizcd by the Auflrians in 177* and 1795, and incorporated into the Auflrian dominions, under the appella- tion of the kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. The mountainous parts produce fine paflure ; the plains are moflly Tandy, but abound in forefts.and are feriilc in corn. The principal arti- cles of traffic are cattle, hides, wax, and hc;;cy ; and thefe countries contain mines nf copper, lead, iron, and fait, of which the latter are the mofl valuable. This country Is divided into Eaft Gali- cia and Wefl Galicia, of which the ca- pitals are Lcmbnrg and Cracow. In 1B09, Weft Galicia was ceded to Sax- ony, and part of Eaft Gaiicia to RiifTia. Galicim, a province of Spain, bounded on the N and w by the Atlantic, s by Portugal, Av.l. E by Afturias and Leon. The air is 'emperate along the coaft, bui in other places cold and moift. It is thin of people. The produce is wine, flax, and citrons. Here alio are copper, tin, and lead ; and the forefts yield wood for buildmg fliips. Compolteila is the r apital. Galicm, Nciu ; fee Guadalaxara. Calipia, a town on the e coaft of Tunis, with a oaftle that commands the beach, 56 m v- Tunis. Galijiio, a town of Spain, in Eft."e- madura, 10 m nw Placentia. Calitfch, a town of RufTia, in the government of Koftroma, on the s fide of a lake of its name, 56 m ene Kof- troma. Lon. 22 54 E, lat. 57 56 N. Gall, St- a new canton of SwifTerland, boidering on the lake of Conftance, be- f ^ Vt^- cciuator, off n lat. 8() and ic of them of It the wholu d. Scotl.ind, in nufa^ure of f the name of eatcil on the h the Tweed, 8, in Otranto» I runs into the reland, in the •e are the ruins tcry. It is lo 7 SE Limerick, he sw part of ao n. from k to It comprifca eft part ot Ked dolia to the w I territory was uftrians in 177* orated into the \tr the appclia- of Galicia and intainous parta the plains are (1 in forefts, and e principal arti- le, hides, wax, Duntries contain iron, and fait, of E moft valuable. I into Eaft Gali- )i" which the ca- id Cracow. In 3 ceded to Sax- laiicia to Ruflia. •Spain, bounded le Atlantic, s by urias and Leon, along thecoaft, d and moift. It produce is wine, : alio are copper, he forefts yield IS. Compoltella uadalaxara- \ the B coaft of it commands the Spain, in Eft-e- :entia. Ruflia, in the Tia, on the s fide 56 m ENE Kof- lat. 5756N. mofbwiflerland, )f Conftancc, bc- G AL twcen the cantons of Tliurgau and Ap- penzel. It contains th(> tirritories of Toggenburg and Rheinthal. Gall, St. or St. Gallen, a town of Swin>rland, capital of ilu- canton of St. Gall. It has a rich abbey, whoio ;'.bbot formerly ponilled the loviMcigiity ot the town, but hia territory is now diUindt. The town is entirely piotfftaiit; and the Aibjet its broad entrance from the kw of CJ AM Marmora, 100 m sw Conlcantinoplc Lon. 26 59 B, lat. 40 26 N. GaUljipli, a feaport of Naples, iri Teira d'Otranto, and a bHliop's (i-e. Th's placi: i". a great mart for olive oil, and has a munufadure of mullin.s. It is feated on a rocky iflind, on the s Ihorc of the b.\y of Tor into, anil joined to the mainhmd by a bridge, proteded by a Tort, 23 m w Otranto. Lon. 185 K, l,it. 40 20 N . Gallo, an ifland in the P.icific ocpan, near the coaft of I'cru ; the firft place pofTcfled by the Spaniards, when they attempted the conqueft of Peru. Lon. 800 w,lat. 2 ;>o N. Gutlonvaift a diftritfl of Scotland, now divided into Eall and Weft Galloway, or KirkcuJbrightjhiret and Higtonjhlri:- It was famous tor a particular breed of fma'.l horfes, called galloways. Galloiuayt New, a borough of Scot- land, inKirkcudbrightfliire, neatly built, and fituatc in a ricli vale, on the river Ken, 14 m N Kirkcudbright. Calmier, St. a town of France, in the department of Loire, with a niedieinal fpring of a vinous talte, 18 m 1: Mor.t- brifon. Galnuay, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaught, 82 m long and 43 broad ; bounded on the w by the Atlantic, n by Mayo and Rofcommon, E by Rofcommon, King county, and Tipperary, and s by Clare and Galway bay. It is divided into 116 pariilies, and contains about 142,000 inhabitants. The greater part is very fertile ; but to- ward the N and w the Ibil is conrfe. The river Shaimon wnlhes the sk fron- tier, and forms a lake feveral m iu length. It fends three membtri to par- liament- Gnlivay, a borough and feaport of Ireland, cnpital of the county of tlie fiime name. It is furrounded by Ihonj:; walls, theftreetsaie large and ftrai^:!lr, and the houfes are generally well bm't offtone. The harbour is defended hy a fort. It fends a member to parlia- ment, has a linen manufafture, and a conliderable tr 'de in kelp. The falmcn and herring lii ery is alio conliderable. It ftands on a buy of the fame name, on the j^tlantic ocean, 47 m nnw Li- merick, and 120 w Dublin. Lon. 9 jo w, lat. /;.3 II N. Gambia, a river of Africa, which is fuppufed to rife in the mountains on the Nw borders of Guinea, and, flowing Nw and w, enters the Atlantic ocean at Cape St. Mary. It inundates thf! coun- try cininully, and is navigable for floops 600 m from ita mouth. The country :k 5?J 1?': "<*j ill ii '5 fc 1/* .' I %. i 1 I. I- I fcl" IB '(' ''' 'iff G A NT on its banki was ceded to England by the peace of 1783. Cambarnon ; fee Gembren- Gana, Ganara ; fee Ghana, Ghanara. Ga/tatt, a town of the empire of Caf- fina, 2K0 m N by e Agades. Lon. 1430 £, lat. 24 40 N. GaHd ; fee Ghent- Ganeicr/heim, a town of Lower Sax- ony, in the duchy of Brunfwick-Wol- fenbuttle, wUh a celebrated convent, 1 7 rr ''w Goflar. Gand'uiy a town of Spain, in Valcnci.ii w\th a fmall univerfity; featcil on the Alcoy, near its cntnnce into »br piilf of Valencia, 32 m s by E Valencia, an J 48 » by E Allcant. Gaudicotta, .1 town and fortrcls of Hindooftan, in the circar ofCuddap-, near which is a diamond mine. It is feattd on a lofty mountain, by the river Pennar, 33 m wnw Cuddnpa. Gandbia, a town of Italy, in Berga- mafco, 10 m ne Bergaoio. Gat7^irapatnflm, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, at the mcnth of the Pennar, 94 m n Madras. Lon. 80 iz u, lat. 14 24 K. Gangeot or Gaf:ja, a town of Pcrfia, in the province of Erivan, 105 m s by E Teflis. Lon. 4550 E, lat. 41 10 n. Gangelt, n town of France, in the department of Roer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Juliers, 16 m NW Juliers. Ganges, a celebrated river of Afia, which has its fource in two fprings, on the w fide of Mount Kentaiffc, in Tibet. The two ftreams take a w diredtion for 3Com, when meeting tho ridge of Himmaleh, they turn s, unite their waters, and form what is properly call- ed the Ganges, from the Hindoo word Ganga, which fignifies a river; a term given it by way of eminence. This great body of water now forces a paf- fage thrpugh the ridge of Himmaleh, at thediflnnceof 400 m below the place of its firft approach, and, rufliing through a cavern, precipitates itfclf into a vaft bafin, at the hither foot of the mountain. The Ganges thus appears, to incurious fpeftators, to hnve its fource from this chain of mountains. Superftition has jiivcn to the mouth of the caTein the form of the hc.idofa cw ; an animal held by the Hindoos in great veneration ; and it is therefore called the Gangotri, or the Cow's Mouth. From this place it takes a sE diredtion through tlie country of Sirina- gur, until, at Htirci var, it final!) efcapes from this mountainous tradt in which it has wandered 800 m. From Hurdwar, G A n where it gtiflies tiirough an opening in tlio mountains, and enters Hindooftan, it flows I zoo m with a fmooth navi- gable llream, through delightful plains, to the bay of I Cngal, which it enters by fcvcnl mouths that form an ex- tcnfivo delta. In its courfc through titefi; plains, it leceivcs 1 1 rivers, fomc of them larger ,m lat. 4434 N- 3f Ruffia, in the go 1, on a fmall gult ot sw Revel. ment of France, m- he late province 0. las its name fron\ a ■« rifes in the depart- I0W8SE through this itcrstheRhone, above es is the capital. [of Italy, in Veroneff, GAS on the R Hioj T of a lake of its nam* , 1 7 m Nw Verona. Canln, Lake nf, the largeft i.i^^e in Italy, lying between the territori -s of Verona ami Hiflcia. It is 30 m ling and 10 where btoadelt, but not above 4 toward its northern extremity, which enters the principality of Trent. (•arili-fiin, or Guaitlcfui, a cape In the Indian ocean, the moll eaftt-rly point of Africa. Lnn. 51 lo i'. lat. 11 40 n. Gardfhben, a town of Brandenburg, in t!\e Old inirlc, with rnannfaftures of clotii, and a tiade in hf)ps and excellent lii'tr; i'eated on the river Bcile, 15 m IV Steiulal. GarliiUiino, a river of Naples, which riles near the lake of Celann. and flows by Sora and Aquino into the gulf of Gaeta. OarHfjIon-i a town of Scotland, in Wigtoniliire, with an excellent harbour for coalliiip veflt'ls ; feaicd around the head of a bay to which it gives name, 6ms Wigton. Garmauths a town of {>cf>t!and, in Elginlhire, at t!;c mouth of the Spey, with a good harbour. Great quantities of fhip-timbcr are noatotl dnwn the river to the town, and many imall vtf- fels are built here. Wool is alfo a con- fiderablc article of commerce. It is II m ENE Elgin. Lon. 3 9 w, lat. 57 41 f*- Garonne, a river of France, winch rifes in the Pyrenees, and flows nw by Touloufe and Uourdeaux, below which it is joined by the Dordogne, and their united Itream forms the Gironde. Garonne, Upper, a department of France, containing part of the late pro- vince of Languedoc. Touloufe is the capital. Garrifon, a town of Ireland, in the county of Fermanagh, near Lough Mel- vin, 19 m w Ennilkillen. Garjis, a town of tlie kingdoin of Fez, liirrouiidcd by walls, and th'; houies built with black ftone. It ftands in a fertile country, on the river Muiu, 36m AE Melilia. Garjian^, a corporate town in Lin- rafliirw, with a market on Thurfday. Here are the ruins of Grcenbaugh Cflftle ; ci Mn the neighbourhood are ftveral C(,. )n-works. It is foated on theWyre, 10 m s Lancaflier, and 229 NNw London. Gartz, a town of Hiiner Pomerani.i, i'eated on the Oder, T3 m s by w Stettin . Gafcony, a late province of prince, bounded on the w by the bay of I- "cay, "by Guic me, e by Languedoc, and s liy the Pyrenees. The inhabitants are G A U of a lively dirpoHtion, famous for boa(l< ing of their exploits, which has occa- ftoned the name of Gafconndc to be given to all bragging ftories. This pro- vince, and Arm.ignac, now form the department of Cers. Ga/lcin, a town of Bavari«, in the duchy of Sal/.burg, celebrated for its warm bathn, and mines of lead, iron, and gold. It is 4.'; m s S.il/bnrg. Gajiouna, a town of European Tur- key, in Morea, govern'-d by a bey. The country around abounds in corn, filk, cotton, and fruit; and a conliderablc quantity ofcheefe is made from the milk ofewcb. It is 33 m mrw Patras, and 60 NW Tripolizza. Gata, Cape, a promontory of Spain, on the coaft of Granada, conlifting of an enormous rock of a Angular nature and appearance, s4 m in circuit. Lon. 2 22 w, lat. ^6 43 .^'. Gatchou/e, a town of Scotland, in Kirkcudbright (hire, near the mouth of the river Fleet, which forms a good harbour. Many branches of commerce thrive here. It is 13 m w by m Kirkcud- bright, and 40 wsw Dumfries. Gatefl:eadi a town in the county of Durham, feated on the Tyne, over which is a handfome bridge to New- caftle. It is celebrated for iti grind- ftones, which are exported to all parts of the world; and nnrit, on the river Team, is an iron manuiadture, in repute for good anchors. The number of in- habitants was 8597 in 1801, and 878* in 181 1. It is 13 m N Durham, and 169 N by w London. GattoH, a borough in Surry, which has neither market nor fair, a m n« Rypgate, and 19 s by w London. Gaudens, St. a town of France, in the department of Upper Garonne, feated on the Gartmne, 13 tn ene St. Bertrand. Gaveren, or IVavcj'en, a town of the Netherlands, in Flanders, feated on the Scheldt, b m sse Ghent. Gavi, a town and forlrefs ©f the terri- tory of Genoa, formerly an important frontier p)lacc toward Montferrat and Mil,uicf"e ; feated on the Lemo, ao m NW Genoa. Gaur, or Zouf, a city of Ufbec Tar- t^ry, capital of the province of Gaur. It is feated on the Zouf, 120 m s by vv Balk. Lon. 64 40 w, lat. 35 5 v. Gaukarna, a town of Hindooftan. in Canara, of great note among the Bra- mins, for a celebrated image of Siva, and many ancient infcriptions on ftone. It enjoys fome commerce, and fland.s in a well cultivated plain, near the mouth of a river, 7am knw Kundapura. l-^ i '^y 'it i ;i ;*1i m GEL Gauts, ftuprndous mountains of ITin- doodiii, extending .iljng the k and vf coafts of llwr Peniiifiila. The w ridge, called by tlic n.itivei the mountains of Siilcheiri, cxtendsfroin cape Comorin to tlie river T.ipty, at the diftanceof from 40 to 70 tn from the fhor«: ; except a gap, oppofitc Paniariy. about 16 m iii brradth, chiefly occupied by a fon*ft. They rife abruptly from the low coun- try, fupporting, in the nature of a terrace, .1 vaft extent of fci tile and popu- lous plains, whirh are lb elevated as to renderthe air cool and plealant. Gaut, according to the orijjinal import of the word, fignifies a pafs through or over mountains ; and, by un extended fcnfc, is applied to the mountains thomfelvcs. Oaza, a town of Syria, in Paleftine, 2 m from the Mediterranean, with a harbour and a eaftle. It is now very Imill; but from the appearance of tht.; ruins, it w.u formerly a conliderable place. Here arc man nfadlures of cot- ton ; but the principal commerce is furnifhed by the caravans liet ween Egypt and Syria. It ftands in a fertile country, 50 m sw Jerulalem. Lon. 34 45 e, lat. 31 j8 w. Cazyjiour, a town of Hindooftan, in Allahabad, on the left bank of the Gau- ges, 42 m BNK Benan's. Gearon, or Jaron, a town ofPe.fia, in Farfillan, in whole tenitper, a territory of the Netherlands, lying in detached parti, on both fides the river Meufe ; lately divided into Autlrian, Dutch, and Pruf. fian Gelderland. The Auflrian part included Ruremonde, and its depen- dencies; the Dutch comprehended the lordfhips of Velno and Stevenfwert ; and the Pruffian contained the capital, Gclders, and its diftridt, which was reckoned as a part of the circle of Weft, phalia. Thele diftrids have beer, re- cently annexed to France ; the Auftrian and Dntcii part included in the depart- mcnt of Lower Meule, and the Prufliaa in that of Roer. Gclderst a town of France, in the de- partment of Roer, lately the capital of Pruflian Gelderland. Here is a palace, the rcfidcnce ofthi; former dukts. It was taken in 1702, by the king of Pruf- fia, and in 17x3, the town and its dif- iritJt was ceded by France to that prince in exchange for the principality of Orange. In 1757 it furrendered to the French, who rcltored it in i764,af^er demolifhing the fortifications. It again furrendered to them in 1794 ; and was afterward, with its diftrid>, annexed to Franco. It is 2« m dSE Cleve. Lon. 6 16 K, lat. 51 31 N. Gelnkaujen^ a town of Germany, In Wetteravia, with a caftie, feated on the Kintzig, 18 m nk Hanau. Gemhlourt, a town of the Netlier- lands, in Brabant, with an ancient abbey, /cated namr. which flows into the Kintzig. 20 m n Fribu»-g. Genjjoux tie Royal , St a town of France, in the deparimL'nt nf Saone and Loire, celebrated for iih excellent wine; feated at the foot of a mountain, 1 7 m 5w Chalons. Genies, St. a town of France, in the de- partment of Aveiron, 24 m nk Rhodcz. Gt-nlis, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aifne, 12 ms St. Qiientin. Gennefi, a town of France, in the de- partment of Roer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Clevc ; feated on the Niers, 8 m ssw Cleve. Geno/j, or Liguria, a republic of Italy* extending 150 m along that part of the Mediterranean called the gulf of Ge- noa, but the breadth is only from 8 to 12. Where the country is not boun<)fitc the month of tlw Ap- palachicola. I. on. 84 50 w, lat. 29 p n. George del M'nta, St. a fort of (> union, on the Goltl coaft, and the piincipal feiilement of the Dutch in thofe parts. The town under it,calleil by the natives Oddcna, has the houfes built of ftone, which is uncommon, for in'other pl;tcc« they are tompofcd only of clay and wood. It Ih 10 m wsw Cape Coaft CaC- tie. Lon. o 8 w, lat. 456 n. George Key. St. a liuall ifiand in flif bay of Honduras, on the e coatl of Jucatan. It is likewife called Cafina, or ('ayo Cafigo. By a convention in 1786, the Englifli logwood-cutters were permitted, under certain rtftrictions,to occupy this ifland. Lon. 88 35 vv, lat. 17 40 N. Georgetown, a town of S Carolina, capital of a diftridt of the fame name. The public buildings are three chuiche;;, a court-houfc, and an academy. It flands near the jun(5tion of a number of rivers, which here form a bafin called "VVinyaw bay ; but a bar at its entrance will not admit vtlfels drawing above 1 1 feet. It is J a m from the fea, and 5 5 n by Ediarlefton. Lon- 79 6 w, lat 33 27 n. Georgetown, a town of Delaware, chief of Siiirex county. It is 16 m wsw Lewesj and 103 8 by vv Philadelphia. Georgetown, a town of Maryl.ind, in Kent county, feated on the SaflalVas, 9 m from its mouth in Chefapcak bay, and 58 s Elkton. Georgetown, a town of Pennfylvania, in Fayette county, where many boats are built for the trade and emigration to the weft country. It is fituate on the Monongaela, at the influx of George creek, 15 m sw Union, and 70 w by s Bedford. Geergetown, a town of the territory of Columbia, with a college for the pro- motion of general literature, founded by the Roman catholics. It is fituate v» o u, fcveral farm- ief town iit Vcllns. illand in tlu- gulf " Vriiice to vv'\icli a Hciietlii'lii .' mn- iS UDCOt tlK*lUK-ll gcft iflAiul of tl'L 10 fi)i ill ijf ;i hook, It leidoin i bro.ul. thi! f.irne n.imc, "cH btiilt of ficf- itli lime, uliich is Kliiuls. Lon. 64 \o iiid ill tlie p»lf of mouth ol til'' Ap- 50 w, lat. 21; ,]0 M. /. a fort of (/UiruM, and the piincipal Itch in thoff parts, jlled by the natives nfcs l/uilt of ftone. I for iii'other pl;tcc« only of clay and ;w Cipo Coaft Caf- .456 N. fmall ifiand m tlip [)U the E coat\ of ivife called Cafina, 5y a convention in f wood-cutters were rtain reftrictioiis,to Lou. B3 35 w, lat. wn of S Carolina, of the fame namo. are three churches, an academy. It ion of a number of orm a balin called bur at its entrance s drawing above 1 1 n the fea, and 55 N 79 6w,lat. 33 27 N. own of Delaware, ty. It is 16 m wsw w Philadelphia. own of Maryland, cd on the SaflaiVas, in Chefapcak bay, kvn of Pennfylvania, where many boats ide and emigration It is fituate on the : influx of George on, and 70 w by s )wn of the territory college for the pro- literature, foundeil )Ucs. It is fituate vi\ (1 E O thePotom.K, and leparatt'd from Wafh- iuKtori by Kockcrctk, 3 in wnw uf the cnpitol. Geor^elonvH, a town of the diftri<5l of Main, in Linccln county. It is the (put where the llnnIKIi fnft attimpted to coiuni/e New lilnglaiid. in 1607, and ftandHncar the mouth of the Kennebec, 15 m Si by w Wifcalllt. Ctforxetow'i, a town of the ftatt' o. Gcor^'i.i, in Ojjiethorpe county, iitu.ite on the ()gecch»f, 24 m nnw Louifvillc. (ieorgia, a country of Aha, called by the IVrti-usCJurgiftan, and by the Turks Curtlhi- It comprehf ndi the ancient Iberia, and is bounded on the n by tar- cailia, K by Daghr-llan and Schirvan, s by Perfnn Armenia, and \v by Iineiitia. The Kill (riv^ning king ceded this coun- try to KdfTia un his death, which hiip< pened in 1800; and in |yo.^, it w.is made . UuflTiuii government. Tlic hills of Georgia are covered with forefls of o^k, aOi, beech, cheltnut, walnut, and elm, encircled with vines, growing per- fedly wild, but producinj^ v;;ll (juan- titii'iiof grapes, from which much wine and brandy are made. Cotton grow3 fpontaneouny, as well i>s tiie iinclt Lu- ropean fruit-trees. Rice, wheat, mil- let, hemp, and flax, arc railed on the plains, almoft without culture. The valleys afford the fincfl: pallurage, the rivers are full of filh, the mountains abound in minerals, and the climate is healthy. The riveri of Georgia, being fed by mountain torrents, are always either too rapid or too fliallow for the purpofes of navigation. The Georgians are Chrillians of the Greek communion, and appear to have received their uime from their attachment to St. George, the tutelary faint of thelb countrii-s. Their drefs nearly refen.hks tliat of the ("oflacs ; but men of rank frequently wear the habit of Perfia, They uliially die their hair, beards, and nails with red. The women employ the fame colour to (lain the palmsof their hands. On their head they wear a cap or fillet, under which their black hair falls on their forehead ; behind, it is braidtu into feveral trelFes : their eyebrows are painted with black, in fuch a manner as to furin one entire line, and t'le lace is coated with white and red. They are ceiehr^ted for their beauty, but their air and manners are extremely voluptu- ou . The Georgians have great Ikiil in the if,' j)l the bow, and are deemed exi- il'fiit f Idn To: but the men have no virtue, exc<- pt courage; fathers fell their childr;;n, and fometimes their wives. Both icxes are adui^cd to drunkennefs^ GEO and are particularly 'fond of brandy. The other inhabitant* of Georgia arc Tatlars, OIH, and .Armenians. Thefc till arc found all over Gejigia, fomc- tim'eii mixed with the natives, and lurnc* timm in villages of their own. They I'pcak amon^; ihemfclvcs their own Ian- guajre, but all underltmd and can talk the Georgian. Bclide thtfe, there are a conliderable number of Jew*, lume having villages of their own, and others mi.ted with the Georgian, Armenian, and Tartar inha'jitanti), but never with the Ollj. The Chrillians of the country in part follow the rites of the Armenian, and in part that of the Greek church ; and they are riprefeuted as the myft tradfabic Clniftians in the eaft. Tellis is the capital. Sec hnerltia, ('•.'orgiii, the moll fouthern of the United States of America, 4:50 m long and 250 broad ; bounded on the n by Tt-nntfrce, WE and e by S Carolina, sis by tiie A'.lantic, a by Florida, and w by the territory of MifTiffippi. It isdivided info 34Countic8,n,ifnely,Canideu,Glyn, Liberty, Chatham, Bryan, Macintolh, l:fRiiljham, Scriven, Burke, Richmond, Wilkes, Wafliingtoii, Greene, Franklin, Montgomery, Hancock, Oglethorpe, Fll)ert,Lincoln,Warren,Jefrerlbn,Jack- fon. Bullock, and Columbia. The prin- cipal rivers are the Savuima, Ogccchee, Alatamaha, Turtle river, Little Sitilla, Great Siiilla, Crooked river, St. Marr, and Apalachicola. The winter* m Georgia are very mild and pleafant; fnow is Ccldoin or never feen. The foil and its fertility are various, accord* inji to lituation and diflferent improrc- ments. By culture are produced rice, cotton, tobacco, indigo, fago, maize, potatoes, orangej, figs, pomegranate!, 6ic. The who c coaft of Georgia is bordered with iflinds, the principal of which are Skidaway, Waff-tw, Oflahaw, St. Catherine, Sjpelo, St. Simon, Jekyl, Cumberland, and Amelia. In 1810 the number of inhabitants was 252,433. The capital is 'ouifvillc. Georxia, or South Georgia, an illand in tht Pacific ocean, 64 m long a^id 3* in its greatell breadih, vifiied by Cook in 1775. It iermy to abound with baya and harbours, which the vaft quantities of ice render inacceflible the greateft part of the year. Two rocky iflands are fituate at the n end ; one of which, from the dilcoverer, was named Willis 111 ind : the other received the name of Bird 111 ind from the innumerable flocks of birds that were feen near it. Here are perpendicular ice cliffs, of con- fiderable height, like thofe at Spitz- •,i w mm 1 ll i- 1 .if* . ill iv;'i r. K R berprn { from which pit ceo were con* tinuaily breakinfc oH and floating out to (••a. The tinU-yn wer« covered with fiiow ; and the (>nly veir<*trli.in oblrrved wan hhdeJ gralii, wild unmet, and a plant like mofn, which fprung from the rucka. Not a fircam offrrfh water was to Ixr ffon on the whole coaft. A promontory at its m end was nam*-d Queen Cliarlolte C'ape. Lon. 36 1 1 w, lat. 54 ,11 8. i'forxia, Gulf of , a gulf of the N Pa- cific ocean, between the continent of N Amwica and Qiiudra and Vancouver ifland; about 120 m k>n^ and from 6 to 20 l)ro.id. It contains tVveral cluflcrs of iflands. and branches ( ft" into a grr at number of canalsi moft of which were examined by Vancouver ,tJ hih offlcers. G(orf^'ir>v corona- tion. After the death of Charlemagne, and of Louis !e Debonnaiir, his fon and fucceffur, the empire was divided be- twcen the four /bn« of the latter. Lo- thario, the firft, was emperor ; Pepin was king of Aqnitaine; Lewis, king uf (iermany ; and Charles icChauve, king of France. This pirtition was the fourcc ■ of inccflant feuds. The French kept the empire under eight emperors, till the year 912, when Lewis 11 1, the lad prince of the line of Chuilemagne.died without iffiie mile. Conrad, count of Fran- conia, the fon-in-law of Lewis, was then elcited emperor. Thus the em- pire went to the Germans, and became eleflive ; for it had been hereditary under the French emperors. The em- peror was cholen by the princes, the lards, and the deputies of cities, till the year 1139, when the number of the elcilors was reduced to feven ; one more was added in 1649, and another in 1692: thefe nine electors continued to the year 1798, when, in conl'eqnence of the alterations made in the conftitu- tion of the empire, under the influence of France and RufTja, they became ten in number ; namely, the ele in 1745) the abovemen* Cl E it tloiied FrnncU, grand dnke ofTufcanf, was elected emperor i whofe grandfon, Francis 11, enjoyed the dignity of em* peror of Germany till iflo6, when ht fornlally refigned that title and offlcr, and Ayied himfelf empernr of Auftria. At the ^'-^fr of the Saxon race, in 1014, the prerogatives of the emperor of Ger- many were very confiderablr ; but, in 1437, they were reduced to the right of conferring all dignities and titles, except the priviltM^e uf being a (late of the empire; of granting diTpenfations with refpeA to the age of majority ; of ereA- in^ cities, and conferin^ the privilege of coming money ; of callmg the liieetingi of the diet, and prefiding in them But, after all, there was not afoot of land an* nexed to this title ; f«r, ever fince the reign of Charles iv, the emperors de- pended entirely on their hereditary do* minions, as the only fource of their power, and even of^ their fubliftence. To prevent the calamities of a contcfted ele(!tion, a king of the Romans was often choien in the lifetime of the emperor, on whofe death he fucceeded totht im- perial dignity of^ourfe. The emperor (always clecen crcatiil by '5o- lupartc, which makes thii eountryf At prcfcnt, a labyiinth of geograpliy ; l)nt the loilowinjt transfer mull h«'u; be no- ticed us the principal. In iboi, ihofe putsof the iirclciof ITpprr and I.ower llhiiif, and VVrlVphilia, lying on the " left bank of thi- Rhino, were cidcd lo France, by the treaty of Lnncvillc; and are now annexed to that country, form- ing the ('.'partmcnts of MontTcmncrrr, Sarre, llhine and Mofdle, and Roer. The remainder of Germany, in i8o6, ccafcd to be united as an empire ; for a treaty, ftyled the Confedcratiotj of the Rhine, was figncd at Paris in July, by France on one part, and by Itavaria. Wirtemburg, Baden, Sec on the other, in which the latter renounced their con- ne(5tion with the empire ; and. in con- fequencc, Franciu ii, in Augult, publilh- c'd at Vienna his refignation of the of- fice of emperor of Germany, which dif- folvedtha >ncientcon(litution. In iBii, the French again entered this country under Bonaparte, who required the con- federates to raif« their war quotas ; and he then proceeded, with an army of 300,000 men, on an invalion of Rut- fia. Of this mighty hoft, not more than 50,000 returned, and in a milerable flate, which t'lcir chief foon after aban- doned, and fied in difguife to France. In 1813, the Rudians and Swedes en- tered Germ.'.ny, and were foon joined by I'rufTia • thefe allies were oppoft-d by Ijonapirte and fome German ad- herents, but with little fuccefs- An armiflice was agreed upon, and terms of peace offered to the French chief, which being rejedlcd by him, Auftriu (who had remained neuter) declared in favour of the allies. The battles of Leipzic and Hanau enfued, from both of which Bonaparte fletl : he was fol- lowed hj the fovereigns of RufTia, Auf- tria, and Pruflda, who with their armies ft Eft plnnW»<^ of Dpcemhtr, and thrtc con« tinued a nrofpcrou* wartarr. The Ian* ffUAfv or Orrmari)r is a dialrft of th« Teutonic, which liiccpfjb'd th.it called the Celtic, 'the tlirre principal rrliKiont are, tlie Uomni e.itholic, the Lutheran, iMut thr Calvinilt ; but Chrifliant of nil (Irnominations are tolerited, .ind ll>ert arc a multitu«le of JewN in all the greul town* N'ienna i« the prmeip^l city. Cttnifr/hrhn. a town of Fr;incf , m the d( partinent of Mont 'I'onnerrc, la«»'ly of (»■ rmany,in tlie palatin.ite (/f the Uliirie, li uate i»n the Rhine, 7 m "fw >»pire. iiermt,A town of Aulhia, »a m w:iw Horn. Gfriijhflm^ a town of Germany, in the late palatinate of the Rhine, with \ eanie ; leatcd on the Rhine, 10 m hw Darmlhdt. (leroUjIfin, a town of France, in the department of Sarre, lately of Germany, in the clcdloratr of Treves; fituate on the Kill, J4 m n Trrvcs. Cerona, a city of Spain, in Catalonia, and a hilltop's llrr. It i« buili on the fide of hills, which to the aallward an^ defended by fome redoubts. The ca- thedral, one of the iineit monuments ot Gothic .irchitcdtnrc, is the only building that Hands on a hciii;ht. This city was taken by the French in 1809, after en- during a long and ardin)U>) ficge. It is feated on the Ter, jo m from its entrance into the Mediterranean, and j6 ne Uar- celotia. Lon. 240 k, lat 42 5 n. Gers, a department of France, which includes the late provinces of Gafcony und Armagnac. It has its name from a river that flows by Auch and Lc^ourc, and joins the Garotme, above Agen. Auch is the capital. Oerfatt, a town of SwiflTcrland, on the lake of Schweitz, at the foot of the Rigi, 12 m sw Schweitz. Gertrudenbur/^, a fortified town of S Holland, with a good harbour and faU mon filhery on a large lake, called Bie< Bofch. It has been often taken, the laft time by the French in 1795 It is 8 m N by E Breda. Lon. 4 5a £, lat. | 5144N. Gerumenha, a town of Portugal, m I Alentcjo, with a ftrong caftle; ientcd on a hill, near the river Guadiana, 18 m [ below Badajoz. Gefeke, a town of Germany, in the I duchy of Weftphalia, leated on thi| Weyck, 11 m wsw Paderborn- GeJJefJay ; fee Sanen. Grj^riiia. a. province of Sweden, the! s part of Nordland, between D ilecarliaj on the w and the gulf of Bothnia on the! trofled the Rhine into France, the be- a. It ia^o m long and 10 broad, diver* ml Ihfie con* larf . Thv \»n- tliatrdt of tht incipal rr liK>"n« :, x\\f l.uthrran, Chrif\i.»nn of nil * in all iJif Ri'e.A rincipsl city. of France. '" ttir Doncrrc, iaHy «>f Kite (,f the Hliiiu-, irtria, 41 mwsw of Citrmany, in Iho Ul)in<'. with .t Rhine, 10 m »w of Trance, in the at«'ly ot Germany, prcvci ; ftluate on vcd. , . pain, in Catalonia. It iri »»uili on the o thtr flail ward ar-t :clonbt9. The ca- inell r^onumunts oi islhconly bniWiiiR ht. Tl»i« city wai h in 1809, after en- •iliious fic>{C. It iJ m from its entrance .■an, and 56 nk Bat- K,lat 41 5 N. nt of France, which •ovincps of Cafcony las its name from a Auch and Lcfloure, onne, above Agen. F Swiflerland, on the at the foot of the wtitz. fortified town of 8 od harbour ami fal- rgo lake, called Bie» en ofti^n taken, tht rench in 179S '| '^ ! , Lon. 4 5» ^* '^'1 own of Portugal, in ftronp caftle; leated riverGuadiana, i8ml of Germany, in lji« lalia, leated on the Iw Paderborn. \anen. , (vince of Sweden, the Id. between Diltcarlia rulf of Bothnia t)i|tM' - and 10 broad, diver- (t n R fifi< J hy forcfti, umkt, hilli.d itcii,lAke«, .mil r'veri ; .mil h.i« numeroii* minci and (nr^vi. Oi flf it thr eipital. Orttt/iiurtf, ,\ town of I'lMinfylvani.i, in York county, at thi; head t)f Kre. Cii-x, .1 town «if Frince, in the depart* mcnt of Ain, noted for excellent chcef«'| fiMted at the fool of Mount St Cl.iud*', iMtwti 11 the Rhone, the lak«'of (Jcneva, Mn\ SwifTcrUrid, 10 m nw Geneva. 6Vv/"i, a idwii of Germany, in the princip ility of Fold 1, feated on the Ul- llcr, 17 m N^ Fuld.i. (irziin, or li/irtnn, a feaport of Ara- hia Felix, which has aconliiU'rable trade in (inm and coflVe ; feited on the Rid fe-i, 90 m Nvr Lohcia. Lon. 4: 15 i'., lat. 16 iH N. Or dm, a town of Allatic Turkey, capital of a pach.dic. in Diarbek. The whole province of Diarbck is alfo called AIGe/ira- It ItandH on an ill and formed by the Tijjria, 70 m nw Mol'ul- Lon. 40 50 E, lat. 36 j6 N. (lezu/a,i\ province of Morocco, which is very fertile, and coiiiains mines of iron and copper. The inhahitanls are numerous, and confidered ai the mod ancient people of Africa :»they live in ttnti, and are lb independent that they are rather the allies than the liibjcds of the emperor of Morocco. il/iann, or C'uwj.acity of Ncproland, capital of a country of the IJinu- name, governed by a fultan. It ftaiids on the » fide of a large lake, at its outlet, which feparates the city Into two parts, ind l()on after joins the river Niger, ■vhich is her>' called Neel il Abeed, or iMic of the Negros. It is ijo m k by i CalTm;!. Lon. 13 25 e, lat. 16 ij; N. (j/uinnra, a city ot' Negroland, capital of the country of Wangara. The arti- cle! of trade are gold, fciina, and Haves. ltlt,iiidH on a branch of the Nig'T, ai rt';ifon to rcfpciJl his memory | for he repeatedly loaded them with he.ivy (X.iOttoni«, and built ' citadel tci awe thcin. line, in 1576. w.ix con* cliidfd till' f.i;n.iui treaty, called the P.icirtcati(»n of (Jlient, ihe firfl com- rnenccmcnt of ihe l'cpirati>in of (even province* frotn thi' fi. venteeii which then formed the N iheiland^. Ghent h m lii'cti often taken • the I ill timo by the French, in i;q4. It is feitcd mi ihu Scheldt, at the iiifliix of the Lis, Lievu, anil Moe/e, z(, m nw Hrullel*. Lon. 3 44 ".lat. 5i.< V. a/ifrjfonjf, a city and the capital of th« kingdom of AHiim. It i< fenced with b.imbooH, and has four gates conllrudt- ed of (lone and earth. The r.ija, or king, has a Iplendid palace, furrounded by a ditch lull of water. It is T ated on the Degoo, near its conflux with tht Hurrampooter, 400 m Nn Calcutta. Lou. 93 .36 v., tat. a6 25 N. G/ieriafit a Icaport of Hindoodan, on thf coad of Concan. It was the capital of Angria, a famous piratical prince, whole fort here was taki-n, and his whole lleet deftroyed, in i7.s^', by the Englilh and Mahrattas. It is i6j m s by e Bom- bay. Lon. 73 8 k, lat. 16 45 N. iUtixa ; fee l>iz-ow, wtth nu- iiirriMu citiirch' •, »ml m-inafa^turtt of liiKii cliih On ^ni«irb(r i, lAit, it wm entered l)y the lr»'iKh. v ho foun.l ttt'^mNg-ixiiiftjiiKl hriilt;r« iMitol. I( i« lltiiiiic on « riviT itt I he (A\}\t ninr. wliich i« iia%igjblr to the NVolgj, 90 m w hv • Mofi"\v. inb'-llo, A »o\vn of lt«I», i" P^rmtfan, on thi- rifiT Po, 16 m ^^v I'^rmS' CiitrnUon, a town of Spjin, In And4« tiida. with 4 harbour for lm.itl craftt uf) lh»' rivjT DdicI, 51 m w Seville. (idraltar, A town of S|)4in. in Aiula- lufi.i. near .1 mount. lin of the (iimenamr. fornu-rly called Ci'pe. which, with Abyl;i» on the oppiil'uf (h )re of Afnci, wi.TC calU'd the I'illari of |{(tt:ulci. Tjrick, a general of thr Mi»or«, hudt a fnrtrtfn here, which hr c.illed Oibel- Tarick, thai ii, Mount T^rick. Slno! that timi- .' town lias been built at the toot of this look, which i* ftrongly for- liHfd. It can Ik; appronchttl only by .1 narrow pan*.4pe l)ctwcen the mountain and thf Iim, acroln which the Spaniard! have drawn a line, and fortiHed it, to prevrnt the garrifon from having any tor..municatioii with the coiiiitry. The rock .ibnunds in partridges ; and on the rift fide, amid the broken ptccipkOt it a ftraiiiin of bonrs, belonging to various arimali. rnchafed in a teddith calcareoiii ftnne. Gibraltar was taken from the Moors in 1461 1 *nd in 1704 it fell into the hands of the Englifh. The Spaniards altemptiHl to retake it the following yi>ar{ and thry bcflrgcd it a^ain, in 17:7, with a* little fucccfi- It fiidained a fiege from July 1779 to February 1783, mhtn the fiege was finally raifed, on advice being received that the prelimi- rariei of peace were figned ; but it may be conndercd ai terminated in Sep- tember 1 7^2, on the failure of a grand attacli made by the Spaniard*, whole floating batteriei wcredeftroyed by red- hot ihot, from the '.arrifon. The num- ber and ftrength of the military works, and the vaft galleries opened in the cal- careous rock, excite admiration ; and the fortrel's, in tne opinion of molt en- gineers, iiabfolutejy impreirniiblc. The garrifon here is cooped up in a -very narrow compafs, and in a war with Spain has no provifion.^, but whit are brought from Barbary and Eiij^H.ind. The ftraitof Gibraltar l» 24 m long and 15 broad, and a ftrong upper current always runs through it trom the At- lantic into the Mediterranean. G.b al- tar is 6:: m SK Cadiz Lon. 5 as w, Ut. CI II. Ciitaltar, a town of IVrrn Fiim<, In Vfnetui'li, defended by fomc furttfica* (itin*. I he Air It iinhrilthful in ih* raiiiv fc.ilop, that the merchant* md plintei* c^nrnlly retire at thtt time to M juca, ho. The • nvtron* puKlut e the bcfV ctK'OA in the province, ^nd nn n- cel'ent kind of tolneoo. It lUndi on the SI eoiO of the lake MaracnylHi, u« m siR M.iraciybo. Lon. 70 45 w, Ui. • mm. Cim, a town of Frsnce, In the de- partment of Loirct, U'Aled on the Loin , j4 m K«r. Orleans. f>'i/«^<w Mjiburg. Lun I 41 K, lat.50 ,i5 N. (■hgat a fm til iiland, one of the II< • liiidei, lying on the w cnafl of the pen Inriili of Cantyie, and included in A;- gylediire. The inhabitants < xport corn, med, and ke'p. f»/if//o, a fniall id.ind on the coaft of Tiifcany, with a cattle, 15 m wsw Or- bitillo. Oignac, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ilcrault, on the river \U- raiilt, 14 m w Mon'pellicr. (jihon \ fee Amu- Ciiofi, or Cj/on, a feaport of Sp.iiti, In Aftur..is, with an ancient caftle; irtt- eil «)n thr bay of Difciy, 14 m Kt Ovie- do. Lon. 5 56 w, lat. 4^^ 34 n. (•elUi, St. a town ot France, in tif department of Vendee, on the rivrr \"\e, near its mouth, i(t m NNwSabln d'(^lonne. (ii/for/i, a town of Ireland, in the county of ])own, on the river Bann, n m N Newry. (Silolo, an ifland, the larjjefl of the Moluccas. It \H ijo m from s to s, but ii intcrfided by feveral large luyj, 1 that the Ireadlh of any lim') ftltlom esc«'cds 'lo m. The Ihores are in gi;- heral low, and the interior riles in li);li peaks. It does n(»t produce any fii"! fp'cca, but has a great deal of rice, and abounds with oxen, buffaloft, goats,! deer, and wild liOjfS. The fu!tan» 9f| IVrrn FJtmi. h» lomc furtlf\M- iilthfiil In ili« > At thu nmr (0 'on»priHluie tilt , It Pttltit oil M.uacaylH), ii« i)». 70 4S '^ » '••'• led on the Loltt , ,f HiubU, on the iiUlm. biibary, In Tii- >I.«p1«»,lnC.i1abiii ount.»i«i» «K»r l^'' own of Oirminy, h .1 cit uUl nml .» jr« to tlic houlf of ,c ivA of it« »ij:cii' s. In I7.S9 " ^^" ,and it riirf<'nc'.ir..l tmt wa« f«»«)n ^fttr ,nn. It M fe.itcil OM »• . , vn ot France, in ttf ndcc, on the rivrr ih, i^ rrt NNwSabI»i n of Irelanil, in tlic on the river Baun, ij :I, ih«* larj^L'ft of the jomfvo'.n N to s, but U-vfral l.irgc hiy't i)f any liin'i ftUlum lie Ibort'S are in |;<;- l<; interior riles in l.i;;li ItK^t proiUiCf any tii"- treat deal of rice, a™ li4rr ih!i tflanJ txtwi^vn Ihrin. Tlh* n4tivt't urn in* diiArinut, particularly in wiuvlng. Oni< ol Ihr Lhivf lowiii It Tdany, oil a riiull proin<>(|iory uf the lutUrn liuil), «ntl only tcectlibic by Lddtfi. Ltiu. 119 o K, lat o 14 M. iiimoHi, .t t tvMi t)f Pr«nc>«, In the de- partment of (ici«, 11 m ^ Aueli. Gifij^ft, A town of liiiwtc)>p i« divided intti three po iitii on each of witirh ii a caOh*. In ijs->* 't mmi liken by the Freiuh. It i» jt in sw Ponditheny Loii;.; m h. lit. i: i.^w. Ci»i(itti, an imeiior itrxd tin of Afri- ca, ninatctu the n of Abyin.tia.rfnd w Mirhidai. (iiorjfitv, « town of I'nropran Tiir- keyi in Walachii, noar whirhthc Unf- fi.niH gained a ((irul vii^'.ury tivi r the Tniki in 1771. It ii fiMt<I' the Nile, 130 m nnw El'ne, and i+o Palermo Lon. 13 42 h, lat. 37 :o n. OiromU, a river of France, formed by the union of the Garonne and Dor- in At iti m'liitli i< a t «mou« lower and li^bth'tufe, ealh d Ctirijun Ml, htuit< fi.i, t>^ m N > \« Uituidetux. I.«>n 1 1^ w, bt. 15 i» f*- i'lrtnde, a t'cparttnent of Franc, which Incliidci p trt of thr I ate province of Otiir' III', it l!«?4 on both Adc* of ihf (; rohiiv, and b.ii it» nini' riorti til- l.i..ir pift of that river, which it C4ll«d the (iitondf. lluurdcaux it the capiul. (»/«•/'-•'•.•, Si, .1 town of France, in the dt'patinunt of .Kriiigc, un the Sai.it, 4 in « by > >w Great Waradin. Lon. 2^ 40 c, lat 46 40 s. Git/la \uovu, a town of Naple'*, in Abiuz/u Uluj, near the gulf of V(nicet 13 m N Airi. CiuHanu, a town of Sicily, in Val di Mi/.ara, on a craggy rocic, 12 m knk Xacci. Giu/ijnJrl, a town of European Tiir- ki:y, in Macedonia, and a CJrt'ck arch- bilbop's lee; iVatcd near Laki' Ochrida, 60 m .SB Duru/z ). Lon. ao ,^6 e, lat. 41 40 N. Giztr/hor Chezr, -a fortifird town of Egypt, with a paKico, H.vctal niofi|iit.'H, u cannon foundcry, arul a nvmufadlnre of coarlc earthen pots and tiles. Six u\ to the SK are the largt ft pyramids in the country. Gi/A-h waa taken tVo u the II M 'v f m ft .1 c; T. A French by the Riitilli in iflor. It ft.\ni!s on the Ii-lt bank of tin- Nil.', ne.irlv op. pofitc ('aim. liludbr.ch, -I ^own of France, in the (Icpattnirnr of Rotr, lately of Gcrnviny, in tlu* diu'hy of Jiihtia, w^th a Hcnc- tliJtiiie .ihhcy. It hag m.miifaf^turcs of fine (Iroiig linen, and is I'ealed uii the Nor, i6 m n Julitra. (.Untli-nhiichf a town of G rmany, in Uppei lli'iri', 12 m N Cicfl'en. GUtmniis, a town of Scotland, in Forfnr(hirc, with nrtnuf.idiires of yarn and linrii clotli. Mi'ur it, on the banic of thr Dean, ia Gl immiucaltU', a large edifice, in which Malcolm ii was mur- dtrcd. It is 4 m s\v Forfar. Ghimorynnjbirc, a county of Wales, bounded on the n by Carmarthenfliire and BieckiuiwI-fhirf, t by Monmonth- fliirc, and s and w by the Hiiltol chan- nel. It is 48 m long and z(s broad, containing 526,080 acres; i;; divided into 10 hundreds, and i55parilhe8 ; has one City and five market- towns ; and fends two members to parliament. The nnm- ber of inhabitants wa:? 71.525 in iHoi, and 85,067 in iBii- On the s' fide it is motmtainoiii ; but on the s it bears larj^e crops ofeoin, and very Iweel grafs. Cat- tle abound in all part ^,, there being valleys am:ing the mountains that yii Id good pafture. The other commodities are lead, coal, iron, and limeflone. The piincipal rivers are the Riimney, TafF, Elwy, Neath, and Tawy. Cnrdiif is the county-town, and Swunfla the largelt ; but the aflizesare held at Cowbridge. G/ande/a^h, a village of Ireland, in the county of Wexford, on the river OvDca, II m w Wexford. It was for- merly a city, and is now celebrated for its Seven Churches and other monallic remains. Glmifordhr'ulf^e, or Br[^, a town in Lincolnfhire, with a market on Thurf- ^lay, and a good trade in corn, coal, and timber. It is feated on the Ancholm, which is navigable for floops to the Humber, 33 m n Lincoln, and 156 N by w London. Glaniuorth, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, on the river Funcheon, 23 m N by E Cork. Glaris. or GJarus-, a canton of Svvif- ferland, bounded on the n' by the river Linth, E by the canton of Grifons, and s by the liime and the cantons of Uri and Schweitz. It is a mountainous country ; and the chief trade is in cat- tle, cheefe, and butter. The inhabit- ants, eftimated at 20,000, are partly proteftants and partly catholics ; and both ftdls live together in the greateft GL A harmony. Glarus is furroundcd by the Alp'i, except toward.the n ; and there itt no other entrance but thrcnigh this openinj,', which lies between the lake of W.illenitadt, and the mountains (^pirating this canton from that of Schwcit/. ('•laiis, a town of SwiHliland, ca- pital of a canton of the f.uue nanie. It haw maiiufadures of cloth, .md a trade in cattle, hoi lis, chief*', ll.ites, aiid wooden waic In 1799. tlu- kuniuia tinder marliial Suwarrosv advanced as far ar. this place, and d, feated the French ; but, in confeciueiice of general Ilot/e'b defc'.it near Zurich, reliitd into the Grili)ns. Claris is i'urrouiuled by mountains, ami feated on the rivir I/nith, 32 m su Zurich. Lon 9 7 k, l- th*^ ging to which is an lie library contains coUcdtiou of books; fiittd up with the iiments ; and in the t building that con- coUcdiou of books, s, coins, and anato- bequeathed by the ;er. The academi- handfoine edifice, ixrfe of inftnidtion is o do not intend to Thetownlioufc is g with a piazza in it i? the exchange, with an equcftrian III in the centre. 2 puildhall, and the worthy of notice, charitable eftahlilli; the Merchant's hol- : town, and a royal iw has a confider- and its numerous ma- darly of mnllin, cot- wooUen cloth, por- •ela'm, glafs, the rffming of fngar, and the tanning of leather, ai-r G.irried on to .1 great extent. The CImIo i^ navi- gable for vcflels of eipht let t witrr as far as the bri(!(,'e ; but l,ir»xer vcHVIs lloj) at Port Glafgow, or Gaenock, to uido;id; it has alfn the idvaiit 1 -e of two cainls, befide the (ii ■ t canal th.it joins the Clytlc to tiie I'.ir'.h. The number of iniiabitinta was 46,779 In 1801, and 58,^^4. in t8ii, or with the ftd)Urb3 100.749- It is 4j tn w hy s Edinbuig. Lon. 4 rB w, hit 5? 51 N. (^'ylonbunj, a town in Somerfetfliirc, povcriie.'l by .1 mayor, with a market on Tui'lday. It is feaied near ?. high hill, callid the Tor, and famous for an ab- bey, that oconpied an ana of 60 acres, of whii h I m* cvwiliderable ruins ftiU remain ; piiii,:ul.irly tlie kitchen, which is of \ very n. iiriial contrivance. The Ge»)rge mn wa-.formeily an hofpital for the accr.nimotlatioii of pilgrims who came to the .ibbey, and to fee the holy thorn, which, it was pretended, was planted by Jofcph of Arimathea, ,ind bloiFomed on Chriftmafi eve. It was alio pretended, that the body of Jofeph, of king Arthur, and of Edward the con- feflbr, were buried here. The laft ab- bot of this place was hanged on the top of the 'lor, by order of Henry viir, for not acknowledging his fuprcmacy ; ,ind on this hdl is a tower, which ferves as a leamark. Glaftonbury has two churches, and a manufa(5lure of wor- fted (lockings. It is fcated on the river Brue, 6 m sw Wells, and 124 w by s London. iilajhnbury^ a town of Connedlicut, in Hartford county, on the e IiJe of Connecticut river, 9 m s by e Hart- ford. Glatz, a fovereign county of Ger- many, lying between Silefia, Bohemia, and Moravia, furrounded by mountains. It is 40 m long and 25 broad, has mines of coal, copper, and iron, quarries of marble and Itone, and fprings of mine- ral waters. In 1742, it was ceded to the king of Pruflia, by the queen of Hungary, and is now deemed a part of Silelia. (ilatz, a ftrong town of Silefia, capi- tal of the county of Glatz, feated on the fide of a hill, by the river Ncifle. On the top of the hill is an ancient caftle, and a new citadel. In 1742 the Pruflians took the town by capitulation ; and in 1760, the Auftrians took it by ftorm, but reftored it in 1763. It is 48 m ssE Breflau, and 82 ene Prague. Lon. 16 3* E.lat. 50 18 N. Glauc/iau, a town of Upper Saxony^ a 1. In Mifnia, with con ider;«ble manufac- tures of Ihifts ; fe.Utd on the Muldau, 9 m N Zwickau. iUcnvitz, a town of Silrfii, noted for the culture of hops and the weaving of cloth, 34 in sh Oppelen. (•Uitattut a town of In-'and, in the county of A-'trim, with a caftle; fealcd near a biy of its name, 20 m nnw Car- rickfergu"?. C'leucaplf^ a town of Scotland, in i^umfricslhire, where much buliiiefs is tr^'ilatfted in the coafting tr.ide. It is ieat d on the Nith, near its mouth, 5 m 3 Di'.mlVies. iU:)ilucs, a town of Scotland, in Wlpr- tonlhire, with a h irbour for Imall veHels. Nem- it is the ruin of an abbey. It is feat- ed on the river Luce, iie:ir its entrance into Luce bay, \h in w Wigton. (J/ogaii, a town of Silelia, capit.il of a principality of the fame name, which is very fertile, and produces wine. The town is well fortified, and for- merly ftood clofe by the Oder, which has fince changed its courfe, and now flows about a mile from it. Hefide the pipifts, there is a great number of pio- tefiants and Jiws. It was taken by the king of Pruflia in 1741. After the peace in 1742, that king fettled the i'upremc court of juftice here ; it being, next to Breflau, the moll populous place in Silefia. It is 50 m n vv Breflau. Lon. 16 14 E, lat. 5 I 38 N. G/ogau, Little, a town of Silefia, with a collegiate church and mlnorite con- vent, 23 m 3 Oppelen. Glomme, a river of Norway, in the province of Aggerhuys, which flows into the North lea, at Fredericftadt. It receives the river Worme, which iflucs from the lake Mios. and is not navigable in any part of its courfe from this lake to Fredericftadf, the dream being in- tercepted by 'jch frequent catarafls and flioals, as 'n fome places to render it necelfary to drag the trees, which are floated down, over the ground. At leaft 50,000 trees are annually floated by this river to Fredericftadt. Gloucejiery a city and the capital of Gloucelterfhire, with a market on Wed- nefday and Saturday. T- is a county of itfclf, governed by a mayor, and feated on the E fide of the Severn, where, by two ftreams, it makes the ifle of Alney. It was fortified with a wall, which Charles ti, after the reftoration, order- ed to be demolilhed. The four prin- cipal ftrcets have their jun<*lion in .ne centre of the town. It once contamed 1 1 churches, but now has only five, befide the cathedral, in which arc a TH ! ,?,l| m GLO large cloifter, a whifpering gallery, and the tombs of RolKit duke of Nor- mandy and Edward 1 1. it has five hof. pitalti two frecfchools, aiid a county gaol. The numbtr of inhabitanta was 7579in i8oi, and 8z8o in i8ii' Great quantities of pins are mnde here ; and thero are i a incorporated trading com- panicd. Ships come up by the Stvern to the bridge; but the navigation being circuitous and diiBcnlt, a canal \» made hence to Rerlteley, at the head «)f which is abafin fit for the reception of loo vef- fcl«. The city and neighbourhood con- tains many remains of abliey 8 ; and thoTe of Lantopy abbey, in the s fubiirb, are converted into outhoufes belonging to adjacent farms. Glouceller is 24 m NE Briftol, and 104 w by n London, Lon. a 16 »', lit. 51 .50 N Gloucfjier, a fcaport of MalTachufcts, in Eflex county, and on the peninfula of Cape Ann, which forms the n fide of Maff i;hufct8 bay. The harbour is acccflible for large (hipa, and deicnded by a battery and citadel. It is one of the mod confidtrable fiihing-towns in the United States, and 15 mN k Salem. Lon. 70 40 w, lat. 42 36 n. Gloucejler^ a town of Virginia, cbi -f of a fertile county of the fame name. It (lands on a point of land on the n fide of the mouth of York rivrr, 17 m KB York-town, and 70 e by s Rich- mond- GUucefier, a town of New Jerfey, in the county of the fame name, of which it was formerly the capital. It (lands on the river Delaware, 5ms Philadelphia. Gloucefter, AVw, a town of the dif- \.\\St of Maine, in Cumberland county, «7 m N Portland. Gloucejierjhiret a county of England, bounded on the w by Herefordfhire and Moninouthfhire, n by Worcefterfhire, B by Warwickfhirc and Oxford/hire, and s by Wiltftiire and Soinerfetfiiire. It is 60 m long and 26 broad, con- taining 7i8}08o acres; is divided into %\i hundreds, and 338 parifiiee; has two cities and 25 market- towns; and fends 10 members to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 250,809 in .1801, and 285,514 in 18 ii- The air is fharp in the e, or hilly part, called the CotejkvolJi but very mild in the rich Tale that occupies the ceiitre, through ^ivhich the rirer Severn flows. The w part, which is the fmalleft diftrift, is va- ried by hill and dale, and is chit^fly occu- pied by the foreft of Dean. The ftaple commodities of the county are its wool- .lens and cbeefe. The principal rivers arc. the Severn, Warwickfhirc Avon, GOA Lower Avon, Wye, Thanaes,Coln, and Lech Gkuji, a town of Lithuania, in the paUtin.ilc of Novogrodeck, fituate on tiic Pe/yca, 44 m ksk Sioulk. Gliickjwdtt a ffaport of Lower Sax- ony, capit.il of the duchy of Holftein, with a llrong cadle- It hac a confulcr- alile foreign trade, the principal branch of which is the whale fiihery. In 1813 the fortiefa, after fix days he.ivy bom- bardment, liirrendered to a lititifli and Swedifh force. It is fcated on the elciiaiy oi the Kibe, 28 m nw Ham- burg. Lon. 9 28 E, lat. 53 51 n. Clurrm, a town of Germany, in the county rf Tyrol, on the river Adige, 2^ m w Ijy N Meran. Gne/gti, or Gnejha, the capital of Great Poland, and an archbifhops fre, whole prrlatc was primate of i'oland. The cathedral contains a v.ill trcal'ure of cofily veficls and vettments ; and its gaie.s, of Corinthian brafs curiously wrought, belonged formerly to a Greek monaftery in Taurica Cherfonefus. It was the firfl town built in the king- dom, and formerly more confiderable than at prefent- It is 90 m n by r. Breflau, and 1 25 w by n Warfaw. Lon. 17 40 E, lat. 52 28 N. Gon, a city of Hindcofian, in the Concan, and the capital of the Portu- guefe fettiemcnts in India. It ftandson the N fide of an ifland, 2% m long and 6 broad, formed by the river Mandova, which is capable of receiving the largeft ftiips. The viceroy's palace is a noble building, at a fmali didance from the river. Here are a great number of handfome churches and convents, and a {lately hofpital. The Louies are large, and make a fine appearance, but are poorly furniftied. The market-place takes up an acre of ground ; and in the (hops about it may be had the pro- duce of Europe, China, Bengal, and other countries. The inhabitants are contented with greens, fruits, and roots, which, with a little bread, rice, and fifh, is their principal diet, though they have bogs and fowls in plenty. Their religion is the Roman catholic, and the clergy are numerous and illiterate. Only one of the churches has glafs windows; for they make ufe of clear oyfter-fhelU inftead of glafs, and all their fine houfes have the fame. Goa has few manufac- tures or productions, the bed. trade being in arrack, which is diftilleu from the fap of the cocoa-nut tree. The har- bour* is defended by feveral forts ^nd batteries. It is 250 m s by E Bombay. Lon. 73 45 e, lat. 15 j I M. lamettColiiianU lindcoftan, in the sital of the Portu- ndia. It ftandson d, 21 m long and 6 le river Mandova, eceiving the iargeft s palace is a noble diftance from the great number of and convents, and heLoufesare large, jpearance, but are The market-place f ground ; and in lay be had the pro- 'hina, Bengal, and 'he inhabitants are 13, fruits, and roots, )read, rice, and fifti, t, though they have ;nty. Their religion )lic, and the clergy I illiterate. Only has glafs windows) if clear oyfter-flielU all their fine houfei la has few manufac- GOD Gcttlbara, a town of Hindoodan, in Bengal, where the Europeans have fac- tors, who carry on a great trade with Aflam, Bootan, Tibet, &c. It ftandi on the loft bank of the Burrumpootcr, 3H m E Kangamaity. Otar, St. a fortified town of France. in the department of Rhine and Mo- fclK", lately of Germany, and the c.i- fiital of the lower county of Caizenel- enbogen. It is feated on the Rhine, under the ftupendous rrx:k and cnftle of Rheinfols, with which it furrcndered to the French in J 794. It haB a confider- able trade in wines and hiden, and is 17 m 8K Coblentz. Ooarjhuuferit St. a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine, and lower county of Catzencllenbogen. On a mountain near it is a ftrong c»flle called Catze. It is feafed on the Rhine, op- pofite Rheinfels, 10 m sw NalTau. Ooavff Grnnd, a feaport of St. Do- minjfo, with a harbour capable of con- taining many ihips. The environs con- tain plantations of fugar, coffee, indigo, and cotton. It is 10 rn ssw Leogane. Gcavt, Petit, a feaport of St. Do- mingo, with a good harbour defended by a caftle. It is 20 m sw Leogane. Oobin, St ; fee Fere. Goc/i, a town of France, in the de- partment of Roer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Cleve ; Icatcd on the Niers, 8ms Cleve. Goclifljeim, or Gochfen, a town of Sua- bia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, 16 m I Heidelberg. Gociano, a town of Sardinia, capital of a county of the fame name, with a caftle feated on the Thurfo, 25 m e Algher. Godalmitiff, a town in Surry, with a market on Saturday, and manufadtures of ftockings, and coarfe woollen cloths ; feated oit the Wcy, where it divides into feveral ftreams, 4 m sw Guildford and 34 London. Godavery, a river of Hindooftan, which has its fources in the Sukhien mountains, 70 m to the ne of Bombay. In the upper part of its courfc it is cf- teemed a facred river by the Hindoos, who called it Gonga, a term for a river in general. After crofling Dowlatabad and Golconda, from w to e, it turns to the sE, and • receiving the Bain about 90 m from the fea, divides into two principal channels at Rajamun- dry; and thefe fubdividing again, form feveral tide harbours, for veflcls of moderate burden, at its different wpuths in the bay of Bengal. lis courfe »» cliimated to be above 700 mj and G O G exlenlivc forefls of ttal; border on ita banks, within the mountains. (wderviUe, a town of France, in the department of Lowtr Suine, 9 m ni Montivilliert. GeJinjf, a town of Moravia, with a fine cattle, feated «>n .. biauch ot the Marche, 38 n^ sk Urunn. Codmanrh filer, a corporate town in Huntingdonihire, parted from Hun* tingdoii by tho river Oufe It is fi-atcd in a rich foil, wh'ch yields great pit nty of corn. When James I came through it from Scotland, the inhabitants met him with 70 ploughs, drawn by as many teams of horfes ; for which novel light he granted ihem a charter. Here is a fchool called the free grammar-(chool of qui'en Elifabcth. It is 59 m n by w London. * ('odra, a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat, 55 m R Amedabad. Lon. 73 40 R, lat. 22 50 N. Godivin Sands, findbanks off the E coaft of Kent, in England, between the N and S Foreland. They run parallel with the coaft for 10 m, at aUout 7 m diftant, and add to the fecurity of the capacious road, the Downs. Theie fands occupy the fpace that was formerly a large trat^ of giound belonging to Godwin earl of Kent, father of king Harold ; and which being afterward given to the monaltory of St. Auguftin, at Canterbury, the abbot negleding to keep in repair the wall that defended it from the fea, the whole traft was drowned in the year 1 100, leaving thefe fands, upon which many fhips have been wrecked. Goes, or Ter Goes, a ftrong town of Holland, in Zealand, capital of the ifland of S Bevcland. It has a con- fiderable trade, particularly in fait and corn. The great church was burnt down in 16 . 8, and another was built, which is a handfome ftrnflure- It com- municates vvitli the Scheldt by a canal, and is ao m E Middleburg. Lon. 3 50 E, lat. 51 33 N. Gofrard, a town of Sweden, in E Gothland, 23 m nnw Linkioping. Gogo, a town of Hindooftan, in Gn> zerat, with a good tide harbour, at the mouth of a river, in the gulf of Cam- bay, 100 m ssw Amcdibad. Lon. 71 53 E, lat. 21 45 N. Gogra, or Soorjeiv, a river that iffuea from LakeLankee in Tibet, anti forcing its way through Mount Himmaleh^ pervades the province of Oude, in Hindooftan, where it takes a se di> reftion, and joins the Ganges, above Chuprah, in the province of Bahar. .1, I L ■k r 'J: I ) ' it fJOL Oohud, a town of Hiiidooftan, capital of a circar of the liituc name, in the proviiico t)f A),'ra, 6j m ssE Agra. Lon. 78 44 L', iat. 16 2V N. lioito, a town ot' Italy, in Mantuan, on the liver Mincio, ln'twccn the lalvc of Mantua and ihut of Garda, 15 m nw Maiitiu. Golcontla, a cmititry of thr Dcccan of IliiKlooflaii, hciwccn th'! low. r parts of tin; rivt rs Kiftna and Ciodavcry, and tht; principil part of Dowl.Ualtad. It tv.-ts fornu-rly called Tcllingana, or Tilling, and is ftihjeifl to the nizani of tlie Dectan. Here are diamond mines, thi- iiiolV conlidcrabl(; in the world ; alfi) n)ines of fait, fine iron, plenty of viiie«, and curious calicos and chinlles. llydiabid is the capital. (.loUondu, a Ibrtrcfs of llindooflan, in the country of the fame name, 6 m w NW Hydrabad, and joined to that city by a wall of communication. It occu- pies the liimmit ot a conical hill, and is deemed impregnable. When Aurung- zebe conquered the kingdom of Gol- conda, in 1687, this fortrcfs was taken poflTeflion of by treachery. Gold (.'oajU a maritime country of Guinea, where the Europeans have (e- veral forts and fettlements. It is aliout 4ZO m from w to k, between the rivers Ancobar and Volta ; and includes feve- ral diftridls, in which arc two or three towns or villages on the fealhore. Seven of the diftridts are dignified with the title of kingdoms, though they con- tain but a fmall extent of land along the coaft. The natives are generally very rich, as they carry on a great trade with the Europeans for gold ; and many of them are employed in fifhing, and culti- vating rice, which grows in incredible quantities. This they exchange with others for maize, yams, potatoes, and palm oil. Mod of the inhabitants go naked ; and thofe who are beft clothed have only 'bme yards of ftufF wrapped about their middle. Goldbergs a town of Silefia, in the principality of Lignitz, with manu- fadures of woollen and linen ; feated at the foot of a mountain, on the river Katzbach, 11 m sw Lignitz. Golden Ijland, a fmall ifland at the ' entrance of the gulf of Darien, where the Scots attempted to make a fettle- mentin 1698. Lon. 77 10 w, Iat. 90 w. Goldin^n, a town of the duchy of Courland, with a caftle, formerly the refidence of the dukes. It is feated on the Windau, 56 m wnw Mittau. Lon. 22 21 E, Iat. 56 48 N. Goldjhorough, a town of the diftrift (JON of Maine, in Hancock county, on an iidit of the fea, 47 m e Caftine. Lon. 68 10 w, Iat. 44 18 N. Golettti, a fortrei's of Tunis, on a narrow channel between the lake ot Tuiiis and the ft-a. In 15,^6, it was taken by Charhrs v when he atttinptccl the fuge of Tunis, and kept by the Spaniards till 1574, when ii was taken from them by beinu 11. It it 35 m n Tunis. Go/lins^j a town of Germany, in the duchy of Sal/burg, 14 m "-sk Salzburg. Goliio^.v, A town of Hither Pomcra- nia, ftatcd on the Una, 11 m Nt Stettin. Colo, a new department of Franic, including the n part of Corfica. It \n% its name from a river, which rile* near the centre of the idand, and runs into the fea, la m to the s of Baltia, the chief town. Golp/jhigtoth '1 town of the ftatc of Geor^'ia, chief of Wafhington county. It is htuatc near the head of the Ogee- chee, 37 m wsw Augufta, and 50 nnw Louifviile. Golub, a town of W Pruflia, in the diftrid of Culm, on the river Dribenz, 13 m NE Thorn. Gomhron, or Gamboroon, a feaport of Perfia, in Lariftan, called by the natives Bender Abaffi. The beft houfes are built of brick, flat at the top, with a fqnare turret ; but the common people have huts, made with the boughs of palm-trees, and covered with leaves. It was formerly much frequented by people of feveral nations. The adjacent foil is barren, but provifions brought from other countries are plentiful. It is fortified with double walls, and feated on a bay of the ftrait of Ormus, 180 m £ by s Lar. Lon. 56 12 e, Iat. 27 18 n. Gomera, one of the Canary idands, between Ferro and TenerifF, »o m long and 10 broad. Here is corn fufficient to fupport the inhabitants, a fugar work, and great plenty of wine and fruit. It has a town of the fame name, with an excellent harbour, where the Spanifh (hips often takeinrefreflimenls. Lon. 17 8 w, Iat. 28 6 N. Gommern, a town of Upper Saxony, with a caftle, fituate rear the Elbe, 8 m s E Magdeburg. Corns, a town of Swiflerland, in Valais, 33 m E Sion. Gonaivesy a feaport of St. Domingo, with an excellent harbour. Here is a medicinal fpring, with baths and accom- modations for vifitors. It is fituate at the head of a bay of its name, 30 m se St. Nicholas. Lon. 72 4« ^* l^*' 19 27 N. iboroon, a feaportof ;alled by the natives le bell lioufes are at the top, with a he common people riih the bougli8 of ivered with leaves, uch frequented by ions. The adjacent provifions brought !8 are plentiful. It )le wallH, and ft-ated it of Ormus, i8om 6 12 E, lat. a; i8 n. the Canary iflands, TenerifF, »o m long re is corn fufficient habitants, a fugar »lenty of wine and n of the fame name, larbour, where the takeinrefreflimenls. t8 6 N. n of Upper Saxony, :e rear the Elbe, 8 of Swifferland, in O (ionavft :^n ifluiil in the W Indifs, 34 m loni: and 3 bro.-ul, Ijin^; bit ween the ♦wDptiiinluUs ot St Ddiiiii (5 t. At its 81. coriici , rt[)ir:iUAl tiy a cii.iinii'i ^ m wide, is Liitli; Giiiavc, ^in ilktalxjui 2 n\ c icii way. 'ilii* k cihI oI Cioiuivu lb 40 ni \v.\w Poit au I'riuco I^oii. 71 40 w, lat. iH 44 s. (jottdat , the nutropolis ofAbyflinia, ntii.iti on a hill of coniiderable height. Tlif p.ilacf eif the ni'pn/, or l.iiiK. ia at the W' end, flat kid with lijiiare towers. Tlie hoiiL's arccluclly of I lay , the ruol's tliatchcil in the foi tn «>f cones. Thi,* inhabit. iKts aie tllimated at 40,000. Tiny h.ive no fliops ; but can y on tluir trad<-' ill a lai^^j i(|iiari', vnIich; they fxpofc their merehandiie upon mats. Gi>kl and rock filt are ihi.' oti'.y mom-y ufcd : each Inr of fait Is a foot in length, and ihiy brcik oiV as much as they .fgP'- for in tin puichafc of fmall warts. ThiMu are about j o churches, and the patriarch rli pciuls on that of Alexandria. It is iKo m st Soiinar. Lon. 37 33 K, lat. 1 1 ^4 n. ('onJe-gamn, or Goridlacomma, a river of lliiidoolt all, which rifts lu-ir Com- bani, forms the n f>iHffen. a town of Sual)ia. in tlie duchy of Wirtemburj;, with a c.iftic, a woollen manufacture, and a celebrated medicinal fpring ; featcd on the rivulet Vils, 2j m SE Stutgard. (ioragot, a town of liindooAan, in Bengal) 94 m nb Moorniedak)au. Lon. 89 21 K, iat. 35 14 N. Cioreum, or Gor'tchem, a town of S Holland, with a conliderable trade in corn, cheefe, and butter ; feated i»n the Linghc, at its junction with the Wahal, 12 m E Dort, and 3K s Amderdam. Gore f/lanJ, an idand in tiie Pacific ocean, fo named by Cook, who dif- covered it in 1778. It is 30 m long, and appeared to bo barren and uninhabit- ed. Tlie SE extremity is named Cipe Upright. Lon. 172 50 w, lat. 60 ^^o n. Goree, a fmall ifland of Africa, near Cape Verd, of great import.mce on ac- count of its gO(;d trade, and defended by two forto. The French iurrendercd it to the Britifli in i8co; it was retaken in 1804, by the French, but they were foon compelled to furrender it again. Lon. 17 25 w, lat. 14 40 n. Goree, a town of Holland, capital nf an ifland of the lame name, at the fouthern mouth of the Made. It is 1 3 m bswCriel. Lon. 4 ^o e, lat. 51 44 n. Gorey, in Ireland ; 'fee Nenviorough. Corgona, a fmall ifland of Italy, 16 ra from the coaft of Tufcany, near which large quantities of anchovies arc taken. Lon. 10 o k, iat. 43 aa n. Gorgona, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, 18 m from tbe coaft of Popayan. It is high land) very woody, and about lomincircuit. Lon. 77 50 w,lat. 3 6 n, Gcriiz, or Goritia, a town of Ger- ' many, in Carniola, capital of a county of its name, with a caftlc. Here are confideraWc manufaftures of leather, and the environs produce wine, fruit, corn, and (ilk. In 1797, it was taken by the French. It (lands oa the Lifonzo, on the frontiers^: of Friuti^ ra m ne Falma, and 40 yi Laubach. Lon. 13 38 i, lat. 46 5 N. Goritaifii town of Brattdenbnr£, in tllfrfNew mark, oa the rifer Odie^, 8 m s.CMftrih. .i Cork»hj a country of Ada, to the w r, OS of Nspant, and n of Oude. The ei*' pital is of the fame name, on the river Diirrunidee, 35 m wnw C'atmnndn, and i6j kb Fyzabad. Lon. 84 j6 e, lat. aH 25 N. Gorlitz, a (Iron;? town of Hppr ..ii. fatia, witii a celcbr.itfd .ic.idemy. The inhabitants are above 12,000, and c.irry on a confulerabte trade in linen and woollen cloth. It is leated on the Neil- la, 5H m E by Jr Drefden. Laii. 15 1 1 e, ht. 51 9 N. Gorontano, or Gorontelli), a town of Celebes, and .1 Dutch ftttkment, in the bay of Tommine, on the nf. part of the ifland. It has a fort, and three bitteries at tlie entr.r oe of the harbour. Thin fcttlement w.is vefted by the Dutch in the hands of the fultan and hi.-* two Ions, who fiirrcndercd it to the Engiilh in lUio. Gort, a town of Ireland, in tlie county of Galway, lo m ssl; Galway, and 36 wsw Cloniert. Corze, a town of Fr.ince, in the de. pnrtment of Molclle, feated on a hill, S m sw Mttz. Gorzic, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Magdeburg, 24 m e by N Magdeburg. Gofcluitz, a town of Silefia, with a caftlc, 14 m N Ocls. Gojhen, a town of New York, chief of Oiangc county. It has a ciunch, court- houfe, and aciidemy, and is 56 m N New York. Gojhm, a town of Connedicut, in Lichfield county, lamous. ft)r excellent chtefe, 7 m NNw Lichfield. Gojlar, a city of Lower Saxony, in the territory of BrunlVvick. It derives its principal fubfilUnce from the neigh- bourinj; iron mines, manufactures of brafs and copper, and brewing. Here the art of making gunpowder is faid to have been difcovered by a monk. It is fcaten the Futlnch, lom tinf. Uamberij. Gojlyntn, i)r C/7jhiviH, 4 town uf I*o- land, ill the palaliiiato tif Mav.i, with a caflic on a rock, 36 m Ne Kava. Luii. •o 40 t , l.it. ji 54 "• Cotha, a tovn of Uppr r Saxony, ca- pital ot' a (liichy of the (.ime namr, it) Thuiinpia. Ii is the relidcnce of the tiitkc uf ^axK-Gotha, whufe pal.ice coit* tiling a fine library and a rich cabinet of coinR. Near it it the dtical ohfcrva* tory of Sccberge, the moft beautiful and ufeful ill Ocrinany. Gotha has a found* cry for cannon, a porcelain manufac- ttire, and a CDnfidfrabK; trade in wool- lens, wood, and beer. It is feated on tile Li-ine, 16 m w by s Erfurt. Loii. 10 48 »:,lat. r^u e^\ N. Gotha. a iivtr of Sweden, which if- fiics from the sw rxtremity of the lake WeniKT, flown by Tro!h;itta (where it forms a catarail) to lUhus, and there tlividct into two branches that enter tlie N part of the Caitgat, the principal one at Gotheburg Gotlmrd, AV. a Ci'lcbratcd n-onntain of S»viflerland, in th(! canton of Uri. It is 907 ? feet above the li-a, and ii in tot lie i of Altorf. Though not the highcft inoijiitain, it is dt'i'mcd the principal fummii of the Helvetian Alps, for in its vicinity rife the rivers Tefino, Aar, Utnfs, and Rhine, which tlow hence in different dirttJlions. (iotheburgt or Gothenborg, » city of Sweden, capital of W Gothland, and a bifhop'b fee. It {lands at the mouth of the Gotha, which forms the bed har- bour for foreign trade of any in the kingdom, as it lies on theCategat. Here is a confidcrable herring fifheiy ; and a freat trade in fait, iron, and fir-planks; and from this port the Swcdifh £ India Company's (hips take their departure. Tiie inhabitants arecomputed at 25 ,000. The environs prefent a uniform fcene of barren rocks, on the fides of which part of the fuburbs are built ; and in the city are feveral canals with rows of trees along their margin. In 1802 nearly a fv)urth part of the city was confumed by a fire. It is 180 m sw Orcbro. Lon» >'59 e:, lat. 57 '.a N. Gothlandt one of the five general di • vifions of Sweden ; bounded on the n by Sweden Proper, e and s by the Bal- tic, and w by the Sound) the German ocean, and Norway. This country is inhabited by a nation, celebrated for their excurfions and invafions of other conntriest which had its origin from the Gctas, or Tartars of Crimea. The Hoiks bad kings of their own till 1 1 j a, ftnarf^ftn, a town Goir when thr|f were united to Sweden, ft include* nine prnvmces and the ifles of GothUiid and (Eland. Gothland, an illancVof Sweden, in the Ualtiv, 70 in front n to s, in.';i. (ioiirock, a town of Scotland, in Rcn- fitwlhiie, on a hiy of the frith of Clyde, a m w Ori'i nock. ('•rnivnni, a lioro'.i^ih of Tnlanr?, in the ciuiniy ot Kilkenny, 9 in E ly s Kil- kenny. do i, or Go':fj, an ifland in the Me- dit< rraiu.;m, the ancient Clnuda. iindrr which St. I'aiil failed on iiis voy.igf to Uome. It is z.\ m tVoni the ^w coaft tif Candia, and vellVIa often put in here for w;iter and proviiions. Lon. aj 46 E, lat. 34 50 V. (•ozo, a fDrtifuil iOand of the Mi di- terraiKMn, 5 ni to the nw of M dta, and belonging to the knights of that iilmd. It is 8 m long nt 300 m betwri'ii the Sierra Leone country on the w .111(1 the Ivory coall on the P. The piculudtionu are peas, lieann, gi'Urdu, lemons, oranges, d.ites, and p.ilin wine ; but the chief article is the aluiiidance of Gtiine.i pepper, or grains ol p.iradifc, which draws a gre.nt in- teiior and i xport tr.ide. Cows, hogs, flitep, and g'lais are numerous. The Piirtii^riiefe had formerly the whole comtneice of this coaft, but it has long been chi( dy in the hands of the lingliilt and Dutch. (>raltiifi/, or (iretnn ('rrfti, a village of ^'cotliinl, in Dutnfrieslhire, near tlii, head of ilie J'olway frith, and the bor- ders of Cumberland, 9 m nnw Carlille. It was loHf; famous for the ••efoit of fugitive minors from England to get married ; Init this improper practice is now aholdhtd. Cimitz, .ir Greits., a town of Upper Saxony, in Voigtland, with acallle on a rocky ni;iinitaiii, and another in the town. It has manuf n^ures of ftuff, and is (itii.ite on the Elller, l.etwem moun- tains and woods, 10 ni n Plauen. Gr.imnt, a t »'^<-' f. pra8, bcanfl, •s, (lilted, iiiul ■f article i-* iHc pprr, or grains va a Hicat in- imirons. The rly tin- whole but it hns !""« s ot the lingliih Crrfn, n vlHapc L'slhirc, near tlu; th, and the bor- n\ NNW Carlille. ,)r the "tlbrt of F.nglinil to CS^ oper practice is town of Upper with acullle on a 1 another iu the lures of ft\iff, and , bet worn moim- I N Vlaiien. f France, in the |i m N N E Cahors. of Flanilers, feat- e Dender, 18 m chain of hills in ids, in a NEc'irec kr of Argylefliire, ) of Dumbarti'H, icardlne, to Aber- a NW diredtion, of Aberdeen, U' b'^rdersoi in- ans vary in height •t,but Bonlumond ,re flevated ftiil heir name from a Srampinsof 'I'aci- 3 waited the ap- ^nd where the bat- \ to the brave Ca- ough in Cornwall, r, with a market a manufadlurc of jie Fal, 40 m sw fw by s London. Lower Hungary, pe ; leated near the [with the Danube, Lon. 18 i6B,la^« ;8 (iRA (>ra», « fo.ipoit of Arahij, in the pr.>- viiice t)f Bihriii, it the NW ciul ct the Killf of Pi-rli I, irul on the burders of Irak Arab), 40 m I Dalloru. Lon. 47 45 1:, la». :.diiee3t«)rn, wine, oil, fuK-ir, Max, h*-inp. excellent fruit, ho'iey, wax, and mulberry-trees, which feed a threat n>'iil)er of lilk- worme. The forcfts produce gall-nuts, palm trees, and oaks. Oranaiiiit a city of Spain, capital of the province of Granail 1, and an arch- bilhop's fee. It ia divided into four parts, and was formerly one of the finrft cities in the world. In one part is the cathedral, containing the tombs of Ferdinand and Ifabella, who took this place from the Moors in 1491. In an- other is a palace built by Charles v, and an ancient palace of the Mooriih king;*, called the Alhambra, which contains lb many rooms that it is like a labyrinth. In the third is the univeriity ; the fourth has nothing conliderable ; but all the public buildings arc magnificent ; and the cathedral and convents contain excellent pi«fture8 by Spanifli mafters. The walls and gates, and the aqueduvSts, are moftly deftroyed ; and its trade is feebly carried on, without encourage- ment or protedion. The inhabitants are not more than 80,000, and half of them are lawyers, ecclefiaftics, and mendicants. It is leated on both fides of the Darro, at its conflux with the Xenil, 70 m st. Cordova. Lon. 3 38 vv, lat. 37 8 N. Granatta, an ifland of the W Indies, the laft of the Windward Caribees, and 30 leagues nw of Tobago. It is 20 m long and 13 broad, finely wooded, and the foil fuited to produce fugar, to- bacco, and indigo. It was taken from the French in 1762, confirmed to the Engliih in- 1763, taken by the French in 1779, '*nd reftored to the Engliih in 1783. In 1795, the French landed fome troops, and caulcd an infurreftion, which was not quelled till 1796. St. George is the capital. Granada, a city of New Spain, in the province of Nicaragua. It was taken twice by the French buccaneers, and (iRA pilKig.'d. Tl!« inhabitant* carry on ;i ^I'.a tr.id'- by inruis <>f the lake Nici- i.iitni, oil Mliieli it in iVated, 6a ni 9b L'-on I.on. »6 <6 w, lat. u 5 w. (ha''/h/ii, Af;y, .1 1 cx^iilive country ill S Atiu-rci, dcnomiii lied by the Sp;i. Ill u lb till' ne V kin rdom of (iruiidi. 1 1 in bou'ult.'d on the •< by V<-n\, vv !v»'thc lcvi-1 ot the Hm, that, though it a'lproach's alinofl to the cqo.itor, tin- climate is rein.nl.ahly tem- perate The fertility of tlie .vil! ya ii not inferior to that of the richell dil- triiJt^ ill America ; and the higher grounds yield gold and preciom llonc* of virions kinds. The towiM ari! pipu- lousaiid llourilliing; and the capital is St. Fe. Gran.i(lillas,orCranadi>tts, .T clniii of iflands iu the \V Indies, depcii'K'Ut ou Granada, and exteinline n fiom that ifland to St. Vincent. 'Ihcy an? 2} in number, inofl: of tin;m fertile, and cipa« ble of producing cotton, cofice, indigo, and fugar. The moft conflderablc is Cariiiacou. Granard, a borough of Irelmd, in the county of Longford, 16 m khe Longford. Grnnby, a Irnall town of S Carolina, fcated on the Congaree, on the contrary lide to Columbia, about a mile below that city. It is noted for a curioui biidgf, vvhofe centre arch is 100 feet wide, to give palTige for large trees that are brought down by the fl.'ods. (jrandcourt, a town of Swilllrland, in the canton of Bern, near the lake of Neuchatel, 7 m nw Fribiirg. GrandmoHty a town c>f France, in the department of Upper Vitnne. Near it was a celebrated abbey, liipprefled in 1769, after the death of the then pro- feiled members. It is 15 m nns Li- moges. Grandpre, a towii of France, in the department of Ardennes, leated on the Ayre, 32 m e Rhcims. Grange, di. town of Sweden, in Dale- carlia, lurrounded by great and curious mines, 40 m sw Fahlun. Grangemouth, a town of Scotland, in Stirlinglhij-e, at the angle formed by the jun«5tion of the Great canal with the river Carron. Upward of 40,000 tons are annually entered here, belonging either to the foreign or coailing trade. It is 4 m N£ Falkirk, and 10 si<. Stirling. ™ 111 GRA (iranfff, >\ town nf Unnilciihiirg, Id thf IVIicltlU nnrk, 30 m nnw Utrliri. iiranjon, a town ui Swiircrl.iiul, in P.iyrt ilf V.iiwl, r.ipit;il of .1 l>.»ilivvic of the i.imi.' n.imc, with .iciHIc. It lUritii on the lake ut Ncticluttrl, 16 m wsw NeucJiali I. (hii'iit'iiiM, A l)ort>iigli in Lincoln'- fliirc, witli 4 n\ ii'kct on 8.'ituiil.iy. The cluiivli II .tn I'legiini llriu'hirc, with a very lofty I'pin.'. A coiaI pallci licncc to the Irmt, .it Notiin^'ham. ()r.iM- ilum is IcMtt'd on tin; VV'ith.ini, :o m » hy w Lincoln, and 1 10 k by w London. Loll. O .-(ft W, l.lt. .^ J 5g N. (trnnlon, a town ut Scotianil, in El* ginlhirc. neatly built and with l1ouri(h« ing minufi^hin-.i. A little to the nk is CixMit (irjiit, thi; fU'sant fi'at of the r.irl of SiMfifld. It ii leatcd on the left bank of the Spcy, over which is a bridge. j8 m ssti Forrct, And aa ssvr (■•ranvillf, u town nf FrancCi in the <1»"partment of Manche, ft-ated on the Lnglilh channel, partly on a rock, and partly on a plain, 15 m s by w Cou- tanccs. GraflitXt a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saaz, famous for its manufac- tures of brafi, ij m NW Elhogen- Grafmerewater, a (mall lake of Wc-n (norland, to the w of Amblefide. Its mar).fin is hollowed into fmall buys* with bohl tminenres ; Ibme of rock, fome of turf, th.n halt conceal and vary the ti|;urt* of the lake. A low promon- tory pmjf(f>6 far into the water ; and on it ftands a while village. Grafofi. an illandin the gulf of Both- nia, near the coall of Sweden, 15 m long and x bruad. Lon. 18 so E, lat. 60 J 2 N. Grajfe, .1 town of France, in the de- partment of Var, and lately a bilhop's r>.-e. It has a trade in dry fruit, oil, perfumes, and tanned leather, and is jeated on an tinintrice, 14 m WNW An- tibes, and zi w by & Nice. CrtijJ'e, a town of France, in the de- partment of Audc, on the river Othieu, at the foot of a mountain, 18 ni SE CarrHfTuiine. Gnitz, a fortified town of Germany, capital of Lower Stiria. and a bilhop's lee. HiTc are many palaces, a univt-r- lity, and a fine arfenal. The caille ftands on a rock, and is a flrui'.g place. Giatz is i'eated on the w lide uf the Muer, over which is a bridge to an ex- teniive fuburb. The inhabitants are eftimated at 35,ooo< In 17971 >^ ^'^^ taken by the French. It is 83 m ssw Vienna- Lon. 15 26 e, lat. 4; 4 v. c n A CrrtUiltHK, a town of W Pinftli, In the palutinan' of Culm, with a citail. I, lifted on the Villula, 1 5 m >• liy e Culm. f'tuvf, a ftrong tiiwn of Dutch Hr.^. b.tnt, on the lett bank of tlie Martr, li'yond which there is a fott. It has Iwen oflcn takt-n j the lalt time by tlir Frrnth, in 1794. It is R m sw Nj. mcjtuen CravtJtntt, a town of Italy, in M!- lanefe, on thi* ww tide of the lakf of Como, »8 m N Como. Urave/ifitJf •* ftrr»nj{ fcsport of Frame, in the drpartment of Nord, (rated at the mouth of the As, defended by Foit I'hilip, 11 m I Calais- Lou. s 6 k. lat. 50 .59 w. Graveiiau, a town uf B.iv.irUt in the priticipality of Paflau, on the river Sag, 16 m N Palfau. Crtrvenmackeren \ (ctOrevtnmacheren . Gravtnwertt a town of Bavaria, in the upper palatinate, 17 m n Ambers. GraveJ'andtt a town of 8 lUilland, where tne ancient counts nf Holland redded. It is about 4 m from tbe fea, and 6 w by s Delft. Graveftnds a town in Kent, with a market on Wedncfday and Saturday It ftands on the Thames, and is the common landing-place for feamen and ftrangers in their paflage to London ( and here all outward bound veflTels (lop to be examined by the cuftomhoufe of- ficers, and to receive their clearance!;. A great part of it was burnt down, with the church, in i7ay : the latter was re- built as one of the 50 new churches. It is called the corporation of Gravefcnd and Milton, thefe two places being united under tht'government of a mayor. The latter place is a mile e of the othe r« and has a biockhoufe over ngainft TiU bury fort. They were incorporated by queen Elifabeth ; hut, long before, Kich.ird 11 had granted them the exclu- five privfletje of conveying paflengers to London in boats. Gravefeud is famous for afparagus ; and the chief employ- ment of the labouring people is the fpinning of hemp, to make nets and ropts. It aa m ese London. Gravina, a town of Naples, in Terra di Rari, 33 m sw Bari. Graii/ift, a town of France, in the department of Tarn, la m nw Cadres. Grfly, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper Saone, with a trade in iron ; fcated on the Saone, 35 m Nt Dijon. Gray, a town of the diftriftof Maine, in Cumberland county, 15 m n by wt Portland. Grat/j T/iurroci, AiovininEfttt, witk f W riiifTli, In with 4 citati* l> m >• liy nCiilm. \ of Dutch H»A. of tlir Marir, ,1 fort. It h.ti |.ill lime by tlir I R m «'w M- of Iialyi '" M'- ■ of the lake ol i-aport of Fraiut', Nord. lii.ilcd ^t Jtfendtdby Foit i. Loii. s 6 K, if Ditv.irU, in the on the rivtr Sag, Orn'tnniaeherfn lof Bavitria.intlie I M AmbcTg. n of 8 Holland, )Unti nf Holland 4 m from tb«: fej. In Kent, wUh * ay and Saturday amet, and la the ce for fcamen and lage to London I bound vefTcU (lop e cuftomhoufe of- ' their clearances, burnt down, with the latter was re- 50 new churches, itionof Oravefcnd two placea being ■nmcntofamayor. nile E of the other, ; over ngainft 'I'il- Tv incorporated by lUt, long before, ed them the exclu- eyingpanengcrsto ravel'eud is famoui the chief employ- ing people is ihc to maUc nets and London, f Naples, in Terra )f France, in the izmNW Cadres. 'ranee, in the de- ,ione, with a trade je Saone, as "* *** ,e diftridt of Maine, ity, 15 m N by vr towninEflex.witli GUC I rh.irkct on Thiiifd.iy, fiAied on the I'h.iincK, at m t. London. OrtbtnjhiH, n town of Oi-rmany, In LowiT Hi'lTe, on the river IlriU.', 10 m hnW ( ,»(VcI Ortrtt, the .inci'-nl n;imc of that pirt of Turkey in Ktiropc which coiti.iint Macedonia, Mlutiia, Tht-fTily, l.ivmlia, Mori-a, thr Archipelago, and Cindia. lirffHt a town of tlii-tlidiidt of Maine, in FJiuoln county, ntuatf on the An- droltroijgin, y6 m ."« l*oitl nul (Jretn, a livtr of Kentucky, which rili'H in McrccT county, and flowt w and K into the Ohio, where iti, mouth is aor> yards wid«'. It iH n.ivitr.ihli' i ^ , m; and near it arc a number of Tilt fprinys, and three pmuls of bitumen. V.ift quanti- ties «»f nitre arc found in the caves on h« binkg ; and many of tlic Icttlcri m.ik(! Kunpnwdcr. lirteneajUf, a town of Pennfylvania, in rranldin county, 'i i m s by w Ch.im- berfburg, .ind 1 17 w by h Philadelphia. Greenfield, a town ttf Mallacliuli'ts, in II implhirc county, on th<' w bank of the Connetllicut, 2 3 \\\ nnu Northamp- ton, .ind 94 WNW UilltOM. Greenla>iJ,nu cxtenfivc region ftrctch- injj toward the north pole, which, whether continental or infiilar, is re- garded as belonging to N America. Tins country wasdifcovered in the tenth century by the Norwegians, who pl.-vnt- ed a colony on the caftern coafl ; and the intercourfc between thh colony, Iceland, and Denmark was continued till the beginning of the fifteenth cen- tury. In that century, by the gradual increafi? of the arctic ice, the colony became completely imprilbned by the frozen ocean ; while on the w a range of muiuitains and plains, covered with perpetual ice, precluded all accefs. This iHtlement contained fevcral cluircht-s and monallcries, and is laid to have ex- tended about too m in the sv, extremi- ty. In more lecent times the wcftern coaft W.18 chielly explored by Davis, and other Englifh navigators ; but there was no attempt to fettle .1 colony. In 172 1, a Norwegian clerjiyman, named F.;.;ede, proceeded to this dreary coun- try, where he continued till 1735, preaching to the natives ; and his bene- volent example has been fince follovvcJ by leveral niiflionarles. The country is faid to be inhabited as far as 76 n lat. but the Danifli and Moravian fettlcmcnts are chiefly in the sw extremity. The Ihort fummer is very warm, but foggy ; and the northern lights divcrfify the ■gloom of winter, which is very feverc. From them we learn, that the nw coaft C H K of OrefnIan ir nfpcdl, ilrrft, mode of living, and Ian- >rii.ige. The <|M.-idrupr(U are «lecr, bears, foxes, harm, and liime dog* rrfirntbling wolves Cape I'arewtll, the sw point, ir in Ion. 41 41 u , lat. 59 ,^8 n. ilrrffitnw, a town of Scotland, ci- pita! of Mcrwirklhire, t uiugh a fmaU plare. TJie nimiher tif inhat)'tant« was 1770 ill liioi, and I 260 in iHi 1. Ilert are the rrmaiiu of two rclinioin houfei. It is fc.ittil on the Ill.u-kadder, tt m 8W Dunfe. and \(t m< Edinbnrg. Greenock, a fe.»port of Scotland, in Renfrrwthirc, at the mouth of the Clyde, with a fniall lort for the defence of the harbour Here arc (irveial dry dockR, and the building and riffging of lliipn is much followed ; but thr manu- fitittirsan: fmall, compared with the fi/e <-f the town. It has a great trade ; and the filhcrieii, particnlarly for her- rings, and the Newfoundland filhery, .itccurieJ on to a great extent. The nuud)cr of inhabitants was I7,4j8 in iHoi, and 19,0^2 in i8ir. It is 14 m w by N Glafgow. Lon.4 AS w, fat. 5^ fs; w. Greenjlerongh, a town of the Itate of Georgia, chietof Oieen county, one of the mod fertile in the (late. It is 60 m NNW Louifvillc. Lon. Hj 15 w, hit. 33 15N. Greenjlurff, a town of Pennfylvania, chief of Weftmorland county. It has a trade in flour, and in fcatcd on a hill, 30 m K by s Piitfburg. Lon. 7^ 45 w, lat. 40 8 N. GreertJleJ, a village in Eflex, a mile w Ong.ir. It is remarkable for a little churcii (built prior to the Conqueft) the w.iILh of which are formed of the trunks of trees. Greeni'ilUt a Liwn of S Carolina, in Darlington county, capital of Cheraw diftrlct. It is lituate on the w fide of Great Pedec river, 85 m ne Columbia. Lon. 7g 5,5 w, lat. ^4 30 v. Greenville-, a town of N C.irolina, chief of Pitt county, with a (eminary, called Pitt Academy. It is fealed on thw river Tar, 2,5 m sf. Tarborough, and •jS F. by s Ralegh. Greenville., a town of TennelTce, in Greene county. Five m s by w of it is Greenville college. It is feated on th« N E branch of the Nolachucky, 65 m b Knoxville. Greenville^ a town and fort of thi ftate of Ohio. The fort was built by general Wayne, who here concluded a U Mt„liir m , i^m ^- Ui (ill t; treaty of price with the Intfian rwi(!on« ill i7>>5 It 1^ fiMtcii fin till* Nw br^iit'li iif ine <'tnit Miimi, 70 m nAty w Ciii* ciiin;iti. l.on. H5 5^. lit. <•> )ll N. CtftH'iuifh, A town ill Kent, with n nurk<-t Dti WcdncrUay iiii<( Saturday. Jt ii famoiit fur un hoinitjl for ilcciy il fetmriwthouultttobctlii-iiiKlk ilruCturt (tf tlic kiiul in the wntUI 1 .tiul I'nr riii i>l)rctv.-)tory hiiill liy CH irlci iii <»i tlii- iiimmit of it liill,r.illi>ng piilird down, .iiul on p.irt of it! lite now lliiidn the hoiifc belonging to thu rani^cr of the park. IIcic in a coU liK*'i c.illi'd thi' Duke of Norfolk CoU jtjte, f«)rthc m.iintfn.Hiceof :o duMycJ hourekec^x'm t and another c'.U'd Qitcen Elifabcth Collcpf ; alio a royal inval afyltim for looo childmi. In ^^7^)^ the chap<>l of till- holpital, the dining; h.ill, anil riglit w.irds were dfftroyt'dhy tirej but the whole wan foon n-hnilt. Green- wich in !8-)i contiiurd \\%\\') inh.i- bitantxi and in iHii, including L)ept- ford, which adjoinii it on the w, th«* niind)er was 16,780. It is li-atcd un the Til imc8, 5 m tsb London. I. on. o, l.it. 51 29 N. lireeniuicht a town of Rhode Ill.ind, chief of Kent county. It is noted for good cider, carries on the filln'rics to advantage, and fends lonii' vcHcIs lo the VV Indies. It ftaiids on the n w part of Narr.iganfet bay, 16 m s Providence, and 2i NNW Newport. Greenivichy a town of Nciv Jt-rfi'y, in Cumberland county, on the nw bank «f Cohanzy creek, j m from its mouth in Delaware? b.ay, and 15 m »k Salem. Gregorio, St. a town of Quito, in the province of Guayaquil, tcated in a fruitful plain, 80 m nnw Guayaquil. Creiffen, a town of SwifR-riind, on a fmall lake of its name, 9 m • st Zurich. Grei^en/jergfn. town of I'lamlonbutg, in the UcUcr mark, en the river Sir- nitz, 13 m ssE Prcnxlo, and 48 nne Berlin. Gre'ifftnberg, a town of Siltfia, in the principality of Jauer, with a forivels on a mountain. It is celebrated for its linen manufactures, and fcati d on the Qut'is, 28 m wsw Lignitt. Greiffenbergf a town of Further Po- tnerania, on the rifer Rcga, 16 in a C'amin. am Ortl/f*MfiiHffH, • town of Fyrthrr Po« nicr.iiiu, on the river Oder. 1 » m • 8Ut* tin. (lrf\fiwaU« I fee OrltfwaM. («Wm»»« town of Aullria, on the Da* nulte, tn m k l.intx. Greilz i fee Grtiitt- (irtHHito a town nf Frimce, In the de* n.irtm'*ni of Upper Garonnr, 17 in nw i'ouloiilr. (!>fHHa, a town of Swrdi-n, in !^mo« I ind, with the rrni.iiii» of .1 itrong caUle on the top of a hill. It f> ukU near the bkrWcticr, iH in mm. Jonkoping. Girnob/f, a city of Fraiii->', capital of the (Uparimcnt of lli-rc, An C lumlicrry. I.<»n. 5 44 t., \:\t. 45 11 N, Grrtna \ fee Graitney Grtvenbrtirh, a town orrr.incr, in the dep.irtmeniot Koer, litely of Germany, in the duchy of Julicr.i ; (if.ited on thr river l.rfl, 10 m ksk J u Iter . Gr*vfntnachtren% a town of the Ne« theilandi, in Luxi mhur^s on the rivir Molelle, in a country proiUuing excel- lent wine. 14 m 1- .vk Lnxctnliurg. Vni4i/ent a town of Upper Saxony, ill Tliuiiiigia, on the river llelbe, 15 m N Krfiiit. Griwatid, a town of France, in the dcp'titmeni of Var, u m »w Frrjui. Grimhetgen, a town of the Nether, lands, in Brabant, with an abbey and a calHe, 6 m N Drun'elH. Grimiiiat a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, with a trade in wool, linen, tiiread, and llaiind ; leati;d on t!>e Mul- da, 14 m «K Leipr.ic- Grimmcut a town of Hither Pomira- nia, 14 m !« StralluntI Grini/ierg, a town of France, In the dcpartmei'i of Sarre, latt-Iy of Germany, ill the eleClorate of Trtrvts, 17 m sE I'revps. GriiKjly, a boroiigfi in T.incoIiif!iire, i^'overned hy a maycr, with a market on Wedneld ly. It h is a larpe chiiicli, like a cathedral, and a good ir.ide in coal and fait. The harbour, at ilie mouth in»i. (jwu of the No- rg, on the rivir KoiUicinn excel- ,»ixi.'ml»nrg. Upper Saxony, ver llelbe, 15 m r I'runce, in the in itw I'trjiia- of the Nethcr- \ .in abluy and a ■ Upp«'>" Saxony, ,. ill wodI, liiit'n, Luil oil ll»e Mul- If Hither Poimia- }r Fram-e, In the jtcly ot G»'rmany, "nvts '7 •" "^ in Linoohidiire, [, with A niiiiki't Is a larj'.e cl\iiit.Ii» |;i good iradc in liiirbour, at itiC li.ii'lHCuiniprcv- icolii, and 16B W If Swiircilind, in III thf liver l.MiH'. Ic like of Zniicli, a of SwifltrU"^^ a n (I In thr cniiioti of U«rn, ftfAKtl Amnnfr inouiiliiint, nt the fuot of a cclcbrutcd Uhckr, »5 HI n Thun. iinndo'i, .1 vilU,(v ill that part of DiirlMtn C4llcd Norhiinlhiri?, A m iw ii»rwlc!c To ih.' » ot it, at 4 place I atlctl Oriiuioii HiiriTi Mr<> lour upright ftone pillars, fii ri^l m»riiimrnti of iIh* ( tiii'lt.iini lliln in a viclnry ^.iinrtl In ri> ovri ihu Scot*, In Mj'l. by the < url of N'orllium!icttirul and lui brother. (iriifjlfiulf Ktt/f, a l>orounh In SnfT'cXi *vith a nurliet on Thurf.Liy. lleit ii ^lckvillc c )lleKe. i hu^" U-nn- buildinit l')iind>'d by the duke of Uortct.ln 1616, i;ir a4 .igcd perloiit of both lixet. It i'. fejted on n hill, i.n m N Lvwci, and %<) >> by I. London. (iripjio.'m, .1 town of Swt'den, in Snderinani 1, with an ancient roy.il c.if- tie, in whifli are nunnToiiH poriraiti iff empi-ron, I aiiinlry is hy bn-cding oxtii, inulf 111 which arc lent to .Milan. The cipital is Coiie. (jrijjei/, a town on ilie roall of Java, ill till- I: pirt of th///7, a town (if Terra Firma, in the province of Vniezuela, 50 in ssw Mirida. (•rodno, the principal town, though (i rt nut the CApiul, of Ltthnanln. It hat thc«pp«arAnc«of aclccaytd town 1 con* i..lriln)( a mixture of wietc'nd h«>vrU, falling hoiif 4, «rid mined pdicct, with maK'iiAccnt g.itewaynt uinamt of It* ancient iplcruiour. A fevr hattiiatiun^ in k'ood rv.'.iir make ihf contralt mnrr Itrikiii2{. Ibreii .1 eolli'ge .tlul t'lyltc Itirdeii. In the n<'w pilicc, built by Auxnituit III, tllF diet* wi-r«* t'>metiriieil held ( particularly the Itfl, in I79,<, which W.11 co'iipi III* I, at ihe point of the biyoiiet. to oniVnt i(» the Ueomt pirtilion of I'liland i ami h>'r'*, in 171151 tttamlhuit III furimilly nfumd hi* rroAH. Crudno is now (iibJiCt \* Uiif* Ii'.. It i» feal''tl p.kitly in a ptiin, 011 till' rivir Niv.'nicti, and p.iiily on a mountain, ii,^ m NU VV'arlaw. Lun. 34 tH v., iai. 5.) iM N. (IrthniU, a lown of Lower Saxony, in the liiichy «if iliuiilwick Near it iii 4 moiHiiiunt of lti)nr, creeled in rnemo« ly of a bitilf l'oi^;lit lure in i-ui It ii leitui on tilt* WeUr, 9 nt v ll.iinJln. Hull, a Itron^; town of ItolUnd, in GeldiTlan.l. A «luiy ia collf'ted liere on all mi ichanilile p.iding through iC for Germuiy. It is ( ahd on ttic Jilin- yhe, ij in k hy :> Zntphui. iirtnhigau one <»f the province* of Holland, bonndvd om the v. by K Fricf- la , w i»y Fiii'll.ind, N iiy the (Iirnun < ' cm, and a by Oveiydcl. It \s divid- ed into two p.irts, called Croniiigru and Oitu'landii. The cKCt Uency of iliis country conlifts in palbire, wliivii tt edo a grcit numbi r of large liorlcB. lirtni/t;:;tnt a city ot lloliaiid. capital of the province of the lame name, wiili a cttadrl and a univcility. ll is iVated on the rivers liuiKu aid Aa, and has x communication, l>y u canal, with a bay of tlie German ocean, at ilic dillance of 10 m. Tfie inli;ibitaiit.H are compuied at aoj'-.oo. It I'l 90 m Nt Amllcidini. Lon. 6 ;5 I lat. i.^ <» N. Cro/^'ti, an ill nid in ilie i',ulf of Ve- nice, near the c<>ilt ol Dalmatia, 35 m long iiml 2. broad. Lon. 15 7 E, lat. 44 18 N. UrojJ'ttlo, a town of Tufcany, in Sion- iici'e, uith a ciillt.-, I'uuatc near the fca* 30 m sw ^i^.•nll.l. OinjMiiiijHt 01 llayuy a lown of Up- P'.r ^.ixony, in Miliii;i, wiih manufao- tuies of cotton and woollen clotlis, letted on the Kodt r, 8 m n MeiilVn. Crott^ait, a lown uf Sih lia, capital of a circle of its name. The toicfta round this town are the joint propeity of ;iil the inhabitant.'!, it is 19 m NNt- NcilTe. Jv>ii. 17 a 8 K, lat. ro .\\^ n. Grotkiiut a town of tJerviy, where the U 1 - «l fi i'i m u ii ■ ] / ;V ? ■«! 1 f '■ .1 ' , \ ^ iif ^, ■ i K'fl ■■'4' V iM 'Pf f ' tl O U A Tuikb ''crLMtod the Germans in 17*5. It is 15 ni s UcI);r.nrlo. Grotcn. n town of Cfnn.'if^icut, in Nl'vv Lomion roiinty, 5 m w Nrw F.on- don city. ()• vlitr ii;ink of* the* Thames, jippniitc t!u? city, ii foit Orifw.ild, m«'- mi)rahle f'l r hi'iiij,' RcMnu'd, in rrSi.by i^Mifdii^l ArnoKi after iu: had bccoim- a tinitor to 1,1-^ country. Tlie tuwri was burnt at tlie fan'c time. (irni/nr ; ftrc ( oritinia. UrubcniKigcri, a town arrl cnftle of l.iv'cr ^' txoiiy, which gives name to a prill ipi'iiyjii the duchy of Brnnt'wick. Tlie ctlile \i now in luinp. It is 7 m • sw Fiiibock, 111- cnpitiil of l-.e princi- pality. Crunhcrj^t a town of Ofrrr.any, in Upper Ileife. whire tlic kinj;s of the Morovinpijn race and Charlcm.ifrne held their conrt. It is 10 m E Giflcn. Gnmbng, a town of Siitlia, in th" principality of Clojraii, fnrronnded with vineyards. Here is a maniifadtnro of cloth, and a trade in vine-rar and dried fruits. It is 30 m nw G: ;;!;au. Grundft a town of Lovtr Saxony, \n the duchy of Brunlv.-ok, frated in the Hartz mountains, 4 m w CIauft!>al. Urutihoijn, a town of Upper S;i;:ony. in Mifnia, with a trade in copper and lead, 16 m s by w Chemnitz. Grunin^fti, a town of Lower Say on y, in the principalit/ of Ilalberftadt, on the river Bode, 7 m enk Halbsrftadt. Gruninjjen, a town and bailiwic of Swiflerland, in the criton of Zurich, with a callle on an elcv stcd lOck, lo m SE Zurich. Grunjiadt, a town of Fropce. m the department of Mont Tonneij, luttiy of Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine, 32 ni N Nw Spire, and 28 s Ment/.. Gruyireii a town and bailiwick of SwilTt riand, in the canton of Friburp, with a caltle on a hil'. It has a great trade in cheefe, and is 1 5 m sw Fribing. Gryfe, a river of Scotland, which rifes in the sw angle of Renfrewfliire, runs over ll'veral precipices into the lower country, and, after rtctiving the Black Cart aiid Wliite Cart, enters the ' Clyde, aljoot a mile below Renfrew. Guacara, a town of Terra Firma, in the province of Cancas, near the lake Tocaripiia, 12 m nne Valencia. GuadaLi'viar, a river of Spain, which riff s on the confines of Aragon, cron'es the province of Valencia, and enters the Mediterranean, below Valencia. Gitadalaxara, one of tfic three audi- ences of New Spam, and a province, bounded on the n by Culiacan and I>!4w Bifcay, s by Zacatccas and Me- GCT A clioacan, and s and w by the Pacific ocean. It i« celebrated for its fertility, and the richnefs of its filvcr mines. The northern parts are mountainous, and toward the s is the g.cat lake of Cha- pala, whofe outlet is the r'^er St. Jago. Gtuidalnxara, a city of New Spain, capital of the province and audience of Guadalaxara, and an archbUhop's Ice. It coiitaitis eight fquares, two colleges, fev( ral convents, and 1 9,500 inhabitants. It Hands on the left hank of the St. J Ago, 120 m WNw Mexico. Lon. loj j w, lat. 21 q M. Guadalaxara, a town of Spain, ir. New Caftile, which has a royal main - fa'*^ture of fuperfine cloth and oih r wo( lien ftnflTs. It is feated on the II;- nares, 30 m ne Madrid. CuaduLanal, a town of Spniii, in Eftremi'dnra, at the foot of the Morcna mountains and the Borders of A ndalu- li;j, 10 m •>»■: Lerena. Quadulttle, a river of Spain, which riles on the confines of Granada, croflei Andalnfi.i, by Arcot, and enters the bay of C idiz by two mouths, one nt Port St. Mary, and the other (called St. Peter river) a little to the n of Porto Real. . G ludtdoupe, a town of Spain, in Ef- tremadura, with a celebrated convent ; feated on a rivulet of the fame name, 34 m E by N Truxillo. Gundaloupf, one o'" the Leeward Ca- ribiiec iflands in the W Indies, between Antigua and Dominica. It is divided into 'wo parts by a llrait, called the Salt River. At this place the land on each fide is not above 4 m broad, and by this llrait the fea on the nw commu- nicates with that on the sg. The sw part is 60 m long and 24 broad ; and the NE part Is much the fame. The foil is exceedingly good, and well watered near the lea, by rivulets which fall from the mountains. On this ifland is a vol- cano, called the Mountain of Sulphur; and on the E Hde are two mouths, which opf n into a pit of Tulphur : the blacks who fell brimftonc fetch it from this pit. The Frencli fettled on this iflaini in 1 6^' a. It was taken by the Engiilh in 1759. 1794, and 1810; and it wai reded by them to Sweden in 18 ij- BafTeterre is the capital. Guadalfjuiver, a river of Spain, which rifes in Mancha, flows through Anda* lufia, by Andujar, (Cordova, and Seville, and enters the l.>ay of Cadiz. Guadarama, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, with a great trade in cheefe; feated on the Guadarama, 25 ni nv-' Madrid. ilL. a-r .r-.;.,^^ /n of Spain, in Ef- eli'brated conv»'nt ; of the lame name, lo. "■ tlie Leeward Ca- W Indies, between lica. It is dividi-rt a llrait, called the place the land on )ve 4 m broad, and on the Nw commu- 1 the SK. The bW id 24 broad ; and the e fame. The foil is and well watered ilet8 which fall from n this ifland is a vol- [)imtain of Sulphur; ; two mouths, which ulphur : the blacks : fetch it from this ettlcd on this inaml ukcn by the Engliih i8io; and it wai o Sweden in iSij- pital. river of Spnin, which lows tlirou},'h Anda- "ordova, and Seville) of Cadiz. awnof Sp;iin, in Old eat trade in cheefn jadarama, a.>; m Nv.' OUA Gttadlanay a riTcr that rife* in Spain, from fonif lakes in Mancha,to the n of Alcarez , Urn\ after it is loll in the earth, and fprings up again at fevoral openings, called the Eyes of theGiiadian.i; it tlicu flows w by Cilatrava, Merida, and Ha- dajoz, into Portugal, where il takes a s dirciition, and fiparatiiip Al,i,'arve from Andaiulia, enters ihe b,iy of Cadiz. O-adi.v, a city of Sj)ain, in Oraiiada, ■od a biOmp'B f«*c. It contains tlirce pariflies and iix convents, and is fituale in a rich country, on a river of il-.e lame name, 36 m enb Granada. Lan. 3 o w, lat. .^7 atJ N. Guii.lramiro, a town of Spain, in Leon, 33 in w.sw Salamanca. Gua/Jo, a town of Italy, in Ancona, which waaalmoft dellroyed by an earth- quake in 175;. It is 8 m nw Nocera. Guulqui, the capital of the pr>ivince of Puchacay, in Chili ; lituate on the ^ bank of the Biobio, la m sk Conce-p- tion. Loi). 7* 5 w, lat. 36 50 s. Guam, the chief of the Ladrone jriands, in the Pacific ocean, 100 m in circumference. The Spaniards have a garril()n here ; but the inhabitants are al.ifioft ail natives of the country, and reputed to be Ikilful in building boats. It abounds with excellent fruit, and has feveral good harbours. Umata is the capital, Lon. 143 15 e. lat. 13 10 N. Gitamant^a, a city of Peru, capital of a province of the lame name, and a bilhop's iee, with a univcrfity. It is famous for fweetmeats; and near it are mines of gold, filver, iron, fulphur, and quickfilvcr. It is iHo m ese Lima. Lon. 74 5 w, lat. 13 ao s. Guanahami, or Cat IjlamU one of the Bahama iflands, the firlt land of Ame- rica difcovered by Columbus, in 1491, and named by him St. Salvador. It is above 50 m long, but very narrow, and has a harbour at the swend called Port Howe. Lon. 75 40 w, lat. %.\ ao n'. Guanaxuato, a city of New Spain, in Mcchoacan, and the capital of a large diitrid, the molt fertile and populous in all the country. It received the pri- vilege of a city in 1741, and now ranks next to iM xico, containing upward of 70,000 inhabiti-nts, and many fump- tuous edifices. In the vicinity are le- yeral rich tnines. It is 180 m nw Mex- ico. Lon. 100 55 w, lat. 21 n. Giianare, a town of Terra Firma, in the p'-ovince of 'Venezuela, 40 m sii Truxillo. Guanuco, a town of Peru, capital of a fruitful diftiitft of the fame name. Several kinds of fweetmeats and jellies art made here, and lent to other pro- G U A vinces. It is 17a m turn. Lima. Lon. 75 a5 w, lat.9 55 s. Giiafizat/t/ica, a town of Peru, in ihp province of Guamanga, famous for its rich mine of quickfilver, 36 m NW Guamanga, and j6o kse Lima. Guara, a town of Peru, near which are many remains of the cilifices of the incai*. It is fe.itcd near the mouth of the river Guara, 100 m nnw Lima. Lon. 77 o w, lat. to 58 a. I'Uarco ; He Cajruitf. GiinrJa, a city tu' Portugal, in Reira, and a billiop's fee. It is ftrong by nature and art, and has a Uatcly cathedral, 138 m NK Lifbon. Lon. 6 37 w, lat. 40 22 N. Guardafui ; lee GarJefan, Giiardawar, a town of Spain, in Va- lentia, at the mouth of the Scguara. The chief trade confilts in lalt, whicli is made in the vicinity. It is aim ssw Allcant. Lon. o 3« w, lat. 38 7 N. Guardia. a town of Spain, in Bifcay, 16 m ssK Vituria. Gttardia Alftres, a town of Naples, in the county of Molife, aa m ne Molife, Ciiardia Girando, a town of Naples, in the county >>rMolife, aa mNwMolife. Guarmot/, a town of Peru, with a har- bour, 170 m N N w Lima. Lon. 77 43 w, lat. 10 15 s. Gua/ial/a, a fortified town of Italy, capital of a Imall duchy, included in that of Parma, with an ancient decayed caftle. It is fcated near the river Po, 14 m NE Parma. Guajleca ; fee Panuco. Giiajhi or f ajio, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Cilra, on the gulf of Venice, 15 m SE Lanciano. Guatimala, one . of the three audi- ences of New Spain ; bounded on the Kw by the audience of Mexico, ne by the gulf of iMcxico, be by the ifthmu* of Darien, and sw by the Pacific ocean. It is 750m lone; and 450 broad, and fub- divided into the provinces of Guati- mala Proper, Vera Paz, Honduras, Ni- caragua, Colia Rica, and Veragua. The indigo of this country is luperior in quality to that of any other in America, and is cultivated to a confidcrable extent. ('uaiimiila, a city of New Spain, ca- pital of the audience and province of Guatimala, and a billiop's fee, with a univerfity. Ic Hands not far from the fite of St. Jago, the former capital, which was totally dellroyed by an earth, quake in 1773, when Bo, 000 perlbna periflied. Guatimala is 600 m sw Mex- ico. Lon. 9a aa w, lat. 13 40 n. Guaxaca, or Oaxaca^ a province of New Spaia« bounded on the k by Tlal* !ii I iti-iili m 'Hi ■. il I '; G U A cala and \ho. ^ulf oK Mexico, e by Ta- bufco and Chi.ipa, s 1 y Soccnuico and the Pacific (.ctan, ami w by Tiaicala. It is mountainous, but fiTlilc in maize, fruit, cochint-al, and caffia ; and kh- tains mines of gold, filver, and ciydal. Ctinxaca, or ^'inti'ifurrn, a city of Ni'vv Spam, Ci.pil;d ot llie proviiicf of Gii.ixaca, and a biliiop's ffe. It exports excfllt'nt wood, perfumes, and clioco- latf ; and ha8 a noble cathedral and many rich convents, 'i'he inhabitaiits art* cftimatcd at 24,000. It (lands on a hill and along thi" Mt bank of the Kio Vi'rdc 90 m from the Pacific ocean, and I -,6 ssE Puebla. Lon.97 is w, liit. 16 SI N« IhuiytJfjn, a country of S America, on the coalt of the Atlantic, between the rivcru Oroonoko and Amazon, and to the N of Am.izonia. 'liie Portuguefe poficl's the part atljoining the river Ama- zon, and the 'mall colony of Cayenne ; tlu' lMi(;lini, Surinani, Berbice, Deme- rara a ul Ifllquibo, recently taken from the Dutch ; and ll.e Spaniards, tiie part lit xt the Oroonoko. The preateft heat takes place in Odober, and continues to M.irch : this is fiiccccdtd by violent uninrevruptedraintill June, when parch- ing hirat again tak7!as, Cayenne, &c. Gufjyaqii.l, a city and feaport of Qin"- to, capi-al of a jurildidio)) (;f the fame name It is defended by three ftrong forts, and fiiuate on the river Guaya- quil, near its tntrance into the bay c*^ Guayaquil. This place is famous for a (hellfiili, called Tui bine, no larger than a nut, which produces a purple reckon- ed to exceed all others in the world ; and with it the threads of cotton, ribands, laces, &c. are died. The com- merce of this city is confiderable. It is 140 m ss\v Quito. Lou. 79 46 w, lat. I 40 s. Cuaytnas, a town of New Spain, in Sonera, with a fmall port, at the mouth of the river Sonora, on the gulf of Cali- G U G fornia, 260 m sw Arifpe. Lon, iii 44 w, lat. 47 42 N. Cmnyta. a fortified town of Terra Firnia, in Caracas, and the port of Leon. The trade isoiifuierablj, though tiie harbour is only a n>ad, ftcun-d by a mole. By th<' ^reat earthcpi 'kt* in itii2 fome lU'ighboui in^: rocks and motnitains were I'plit and rolled into the valley, and the town was marly iK tlroyed. It is 12 m NNvv Leon. Lon. ^7 5 w, lat. la ij N. (hihen, a town of Lnfatia, capitr.l of .t cireit ''I'i'F n.Tine. \.h!ch yields great qu.mlities of exceilcnt red \vi'<-. ft is felled on the Luhbe, near its conllux wiih the Neida, 24 m Nt Cotbus. Lon. 14 52 K, l.;l. 51 58 n. iiubi., a tov II (;f llindoollm, in My- lure. li \i a fniali place, but has a con- fiderable trade in tlie produce of tlie country for 30 m round, and ib alfo an in'ermediate mart f t the goods paffing through tin- pcninlula. It is 38 m sse Sira, and 40 w by n Ka-galore. ihiblo, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, 32 in s. Urhino. Giidoijber^r, a tow.i of G' rmany, in Lower Ikde, 10 m ssvv Caflel. Giti-rnnd', A town of France, in the departiiietit of Lower Loin-, with a cor.fulerable trade in fait. It is 3 m from tile .Atlantic, and 40 w by n Nantes Guerclie, a town of I'laiict- , in tlit de- pavtmont oflllcand Vilaine, 7,0 in tsE Kenncs. Cusret, a town of Fiance, capital of the depaitm.cnt (>,f Creufe. It in featud on the Gartampe, 35 m ne LitiTges, and 170 H Pari*. Lon. i 56 e, lat. 46 10 n. Cutrgeh, a town of Barbavy, in Bile- dulgeiid, 100 in ss\v Tuggurt, and 290 w by N Gadeinis. Lon. 4 50 e, lat. 31 '5 N. Gurnfey, an illand off the N coaft of France, fubji iX to England. U is of a round form, ^6 m in eircuniftrence, and naiuially ftrong, being furrounded by high rocks. The foil is verdant, though hilly ; and is remarkable for its fmail breed of cattle. The inhabitants are ellimated at 15,000. I'hc ifland was formerly a part of Normandy, and is ftill governed by the Norman laws. Port St. Pierre is the only town. Lon. 2 47 w, lat. 49 30 N. GuetOt or Jiueta, a town of Spain, in New C«Itile, 5a m e by s Madrid. Lon. 2 54 ^v, lat 40 20 N. Gucvetlan ; fee Soconufco. GugUngen, a tqwn of Snabia, in the duchy of Wirtemberg, fituate on the ■ Zaber, 18 m N Stutgard. . Lon. Ill 44 town of Terra (i t!ie port of Jcviiblw', though u\, ftciiri\l by a ;ti(|U 'kf ill itii z s aiui mountains iito ilie v.illt-y, y ilillroyoil. It oil. (.7 5 w, bt. iflitiu, capitr.l of ich yields great vod wire. It is near its conllux I E Cotbus. Lon. iloollm, in My- e, Lul lias a con- procinci* of the d. and ib alfo an he jrnods puffing It is 3B m S3E Id- galore, dy, in the duchy iImo. of G' rmany, in ,v Cr.m. if France, in the r Liiiri', with a dt. Ii is 3 mfrom ■ by N Nantes 'laiice, in llu. de- ilainc, 20 m tsR 'ranee, capital of iifo. It h fcatcd in NE Lini'.ges, I 56 K,lut.46 10 N. f Barbavy, in Bile- fupgiirt, and 290 Lon. 4 50 E, lat. off the N coaft of igland. U is of a in circiiniftri'iice, being furronnded e foil is verdant, remarkable for its Tiie inhabitants r-;. I'hc id and was S'^orrnandy, and is le Ni>vman laws, only town. Lon. town of Spain, in jy s Madrid. Lon. comifco- of Suabia, in the rg, fUuate on the ard. GUI Gutenne, a late province of France, 160 m long and 85 broad, on the .sw coaft, of which Hordcaux wa« thcr capi- tal. It now form the drpartmcnta of Gironde, and Lot and Garonne. CtulUfnr,!t a borough in Suny, go. verned by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It in fcatcd on the Wcy, on the lidc of a hill, and h;'d a caftle and a p ilaee, now in rnins ; hero is al(b piirt of a monaflery, whicli ii Hill occupied. The fiunmcr afll/.t'.s are alternately held here and at Croydon ; but the c!e(5lion of members for tlie county is always held here- It has two churches, and an elegant town-hall. The luimber of inhabitants was 26.34 '" 1801, and 2974 in 1811. The Wey is navigable to the Thames, and the trade in timber and corn is confidcrablc It. is 23 m usw Croydon, and 2(; sw London. Lon. o 'H) w, lit. 51 15 N. Guildford, a town of Connciflicut, in Newhaven county, fitnate on a bay in Long idand found, 18 m e by s New- haven. Guilli^re,n town and caftle of France, in the department of Upper Alps, 9 m KE Embrun. Gu'tmaraens, a town of Portugal, in Entre Douro c Minho, which has for- merly been the rtfidence of its kings. It is divided into the old and new town, the former fituate on an eminence, fur- rounded by walls. Here is a manufac- ture of linen in high eftimation. The public buildings are magnificent, and the collegiate church is faid to be found- ed on the ruins of a temple of Ceres. It is 10 m sE Braga. Lon. 8 21 w, Ira. 41 .15 N"- Guinea, a large region of Africa, of which little is known except the coaft. It lies in the Torrid Zone, between 14 w and 20 E lon. and is divided into Upper and Lower Guinea. The firft comprehends Sierra Leone, the Grain- coaft, the Tooth coaft, the Gold-coaft, theSlave-coaft (which includes Whidah, Dahomy, and Ardrah) Benin, Biafara, Majombo, Gabon, and Anziko. Lower Guinea is commonly called Congo. It is very unhealihy for Europeans. The natives in general go almoft naked, and there f emu to be little religion or ho- nefty among thom. The commodities purchafed here, are gum feneca, at Sene^'al; rice and maize, on the Grait> coaft ; elephants teeth, on the Tooth- coaft ; the greateft plenty of gold, on the Gold-coaft ; and all, in general, fup- ply Haves, a trade which commenced in i5i7» but abandoned by the EngUfh in GUI 1807. There are many little Kites, wliofe chiefs are often at war wit! ach other, when tl\,e pcoph- tiikin, 011 (4h fides, are fold for flavc.s ; and it if; not uncommon for the nenrell of kin to feir Tlilii, Dutch, Por- tugnta.', D.ints, and French, have fac- tories upon this) co.ift. Guinea, iSeiv. or Papua, an ifland of the S Pacific oce.in, to the N of New Holland, from which it is feparaied by Endeavour Rrail. It is next in fize to New Ho'.l.iiul, extending si-: from the equatiir to 12 s lat- and from 131 to iij^ r. lon. a length of more than 1200 m, by a medial breadth of perhaps 30c; but the coafts of thecnftern part are far from boing completely invrfti- gated. The noitiiern part is faid to have been difcovtred by the Spaniards, in 1528, who had fai'od from New Spain to explore t lie Spice idands. The coafts are generally lofty ; ami in the interior, mountain rifes above nunmtain ; bnt the whole appears covered wilii (iich luxuriance of wood and herbai^e, as can fcarcely be conceived. Thecdcoa, fago, bread-fruit, and plantain tree, be- fide moft of the trees, (hrubn, and plantfi, common to the iflmds in the S Pacific ocean, are found here in great perfedlion. This ifland is the chofen re- lidence of the fingular birds of para- dife, which breed here during the wet monfoon, and in the dry migrate in flocks weftward, to the fmaller illands, particularly Arroo. Here are alfo ele- gant parrots; and pigeons that almoft equal a turkey in lize. The inhabitants of the northern part are called Papons; whe-nce the name of the country. They feem to have the true Malay complex- ion and features ; but in general of horrible appearance, and great ferocity. Their language and habitations refera- ble thofe of Borneo, &c. on the weft. The women feem the moft induftrious in making mats, and pots of clay, which they afterward burn with dry grafs or brufhwood ; and they even wield the ax, while the men are indolent, or en- gaged in the chace of wild hogs. In the interior is a race called Haraforas, who live in trees, which they afcend by a notched pole, drawing it after them to prevent I'urprife. On this cxtenfive territory, fo favoured by nature, there is no European fettlcneut. The chief commerce is with the Chinefe, from whom they purchafe inftruments and utenfils. Their returns are ambergris, tortoife fhell, fmall pearls, birds of pa- radife, and other birds, which the Pa- in ' ',', ■ i mr IS ' GUN pous dry with great fkill. Some flavcs 9r«f alfo exported, probably CHplivL-B tnkcn ill inti lliiie wara. Cithij^fim/), a town of Fnnce, in the departuiL-nt of Cotes an depajtincii.t. It h^s rn;iniirH(^urcs (^f cl-'th, nrd iW^-atedoa the TiHa, 75 m e Isy s Koiuglbeig. Lcn. 2 J 40 K, lat. 54 34 .V. Gioulilfjiqen, a town of Bavaria, fUiiate on the Breriz, near the Danube, 17 ni wsw Doiiawcrt. Gu'.fucla, or Gonfcodti, a fo.iport of Arabia, on the Red fea. All velTcis car- rying coftVe to Jidda anchor here, and E\y a duty. It is 180 m s by e Mecca, on. 40 r,o E, lat. 19 7 N. GuKtoor, one of the five circars on the NF coaJl of Hindooftan. It is alfo called M(-.rtina7agur and Condavir, and occupief? the fpace between Condapilly, the foiithermoft of the four Englilh circars, and the x part of the Carnatic; extendinj;C more than 30 m along the bay of Bengal. The maritime parts of this circar are flat and open, but the in- terior parts contain fome very ftroog fortreffes and pelts. It is fnhjedt to the nizam of the Deccan, and has its name from a firong fortrei's, 13 ;n h Condavir, the chief town. GuKixbur^, a town ofSuabia, capital of tl)e man;r3tfate of Burgau, with a eaftle. It (bands 00 the river Guntz, near ;its conflux with the Danube, 6 m w Burg.iii, and j^ i: Ulm. Lon. 10 14 r, lat. 43 24 N. Gni:ix.aiiuwft:i, a town of Fr.mconia, in the principality of Anfpiich, leat?d G U Z on tbr Altmul, near z. forefti i6in ssi Anfpaeh. Gurau, a town of SihTia, in the prin- cipaliiy of Gio^au, with good cloth rr.aiiufadurts, and a great trade in corn. In 1759 ii was reduced to aflies by the Kuni.ins. It Hands on an eminence, bf the river Bartch, 19 m t Glogau. Gtirci, a town of Germany, in Ca- ririthia, and lately a bilhop's fee; feattd on the river Gurck, ao m n by w Cia- genfnrt. Gitrckftldt a town of Gerni.Ty. in Carniola, with a eaftle on a hill, fituatc on the Save, 18 m se C illey, Gurgijlan ; fee Geors^'ta. Giiriif, a town of KulTia, in the go- vernment of Aftracan, with a good hr.rbour; feated near th- Cal'pian lea, btlwetn the months of ie Ural, a 10 m E by N Aftracan. Luii. ji 56 K| lat. 47 37 N. Guricl, a fmall kingdom of Alia, bounded on the n by Mingrelia, from which it is feparated by the Rioni, e by Imeiethi, se and s by Turkilh Armenia, and w by the Black lea. It is governed by a prince, who is dependent on Tui'- key. Gonieh is the capital. GuriftuMi, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, with a mud fort. Four m w i? Statghadam, or the feven caftlej, on a rocky hill, at the font of which i,'. the village, and near it the nabob has an t xtenfive garden, noted for the beft oranges in the Carnatic. Gurietum is feated on both fides the Camundahi, which flows into the Paliar, 33 in w by N Arcot. Guna/if a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Allahabad, near the river Nerbuddah, i68 m S3w Allahabad. Lon. 80 23 E, lafc. 33 () n. Gurramcoiida, a town of Hindooftan, lately fubjedt to the regent of Myfore, but ceded to the nizani of the Dcccan in 1799. It is 73 m nk Bungalore, and 112 wNW Madras. Lon. 78 36 e, lat. 13 47 »'• c. . Guftroiv, a city of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin. 'J he chief courts of judicature for the duchy are held here ; and it has an ele- gant ducal palace. It is fituate on the Nebel, 35 m ene Schwerin. Lon. 12 13 F.,'lat. Si 47 N. Gntta, a town of Hungary, feated on the Danube, in the ifiand of Schut, lo m K Comorn. Glitzkow, a town of Hither Pomcra- nia, in a county of the fame name, Icatcd onthePeenc, 9 m ssw Gripfwakl. Gu'^erati a province of Hincjocftaii, oreft, 1 6m «se •fia, in the prin- itU good cloth •at traiU' in corn. I to a(hc8 by the an eminence, by E Glogau. icrmany, in Ca- mp's H'*?; feaitd I m N by w Cla- of Gcrn.rny. in on a hill, fituatt Lillpy. s;ia. tufiia, in the go- 1, with ii good th" Calpiaii lea, of ie Ural, aio Loi). 51 56 B, ingdom of Afia, ■ Mingrclia, trom y the Rioni, E by Turkifh Armenia, a. It is governed •pendent on Tuv- apital. of Hindooftan, in nrjud fort. Four r tht» fevcn talUci, :he foot of which ear it the nabob en, noted for the rnatic Gurietum ? the Camundala, Paliar, 33 >" w by Hindooftan, in the id, near the river S3W Allahabad. ^ ') "• . , n wn of Hindooftan, regent of Myfore, \n\ of the Dcccan JK Bungalore, and Lon. 78 36 E, lat. Lower Saxony, in Icnburg Schwerin. judicalnve for the and it has an ele- t is fituate on the Schwerin. Lon. «f. lungary, featodon flandof Schut, 10 of Hither Pomcnt- the fame name, im ssw Gripfvvakl. cc of HiiK|ocaati, II A C Iffhich is a pcninfula, 200 m long and 140 broad, formed by the Arabian fta and the gulfs of Cambay and Cutch. The w part is mountainous and woody, and inhabited by a wild hardy race, go- verned by rajahs of their owti ; but t.hi? largeft and fined par* is inclutlcd within the cxtcnfive empire of the Mahrattas. Amcdabad is the capita]. G{j;toii, a borough of Scotland, capital of the county of the fame name. It confifts of fiiur principal ftreets, which interfetfl each other at nearly ri^hl angles, and has a confidcrible ma- nufadture of coat fe woollen cloih. Part of a monartery here is occupied aa a pirifti ahurch ; and in the town is an elegant tpifcopalian chapel. In the fub- urb of Gifibt dgate is fliown the houii? in which it is faid the celebrated John Knox was born ; and in that of Nun- gate, are the ruins of a nunnery. Had- ington cimtained 4049 inh;ibitanls in 1 83 1, and 4370 in i8ri. It is ftated on the Tyne, 16 m tc Edinburg. Lon. a 48 w, lat. 55 57 N. Hadin^srtonjhire, or Eajl Lot/iiati, a county of Scotland, 35 m long and ij where broadeft; bounded on the n by the frith of Forth, e by the German ocean, s by Berwickihire, atid w by Edinbnrgfitire. It is divided into 24 parilhes. The number of inhabitants was 29,986 in 1801, and 3 1,164 in, j Hi i. The foil is, in many placer., doubly productive ; rich crops are raifed on the liirface, and the mines of coal are in- exhanftible. The fouthern part is mountainous, comprehending the n fide of Lam-nermnir hills; but thefe high tround« feed many flieep. It is inter- fidted by numerous ftreams, but the ptincipal viver is the Tyne. Hadit, or Iladice, a town of Syria, ' fea.ed on the Euphrates, 130 m w Ba^'dad. Iladlej/, a town in Saffol'f, with a market on Monday. Large quatitiiiea of yarn are fpun here for the Norwich weavers. It is feated on the Bret, 20 m se Bury, and 64 ne London. ' Uadlcy, a village in Efll'X, 5 m sw Rochfoid. Hero are fome rnins of a caftle, on the brow of a hill, by .1 channel of the Thames between Canvey ifland and the (liore- Ihidley, a town of Miinachufet?, in Hamplhire county, on the E fide of the Connecfticut, 78 m w by N Bolton. Hadramaut, a province of Arabia Felix, on the feacoaft, between Yemen on the w and Oman on the e. Some "I :M ' hit' II A I parts lire i]vy and tlffcrfi others ex- tremely fertile witli wtll-vvatered val- leys. Till' chief prodiids arc franliiii- cenfc,giim .'irabic,iIragonfbhjod,myrih, mid aloeti. Shibiiii i<) the capital. Ifii^!rin/lo-u>i ; fee F.li/dfj.t/itOWH- Hi'if^iii, a town of Wtftphalia, in the county oi Mark, with iniiufajjturcs of cloth; kated on the Voline, ij in s Dorimiind. Jlai^(n/u7i/h a town of France, in the departmciil of Lower Riiine.< 12 m sse Landau. Tlas^euhitrs;, a town of Wcftphalia, in the cour.ly 01 Schaucnburg, 15 n\ w by N IlanovLr. lltif^iar, a town of Arabia Dtferta, 87 m N Aledina. Lon. ,v; z(, k. Kit. 25 30 n. Ilnj^ue, a town of S Ilolland, which may compare witli the handfomeft cities in Enrope, in the magnificence of its palaces, the beauty of its flreets, the pleafantntfs of its fitualion, and the politencfs of ilH inhabitants, who are eRimated at above 36,000. It is feated a m from the ieav and has a pavement acrofs the fand hills, with trees on each fide, which leads to SchcvcHng on the leafhoro. The ancient counts of Hol- land rtfidcd here ; and it is the court, though net the capital, of Ilolland. The French took poffeflion of II;igue in 1^95, and retained it till 1S13. It is lo m NW Rotterdam, and 30 sw Amfter- dam. Lon. 4 17 e, lat. 52 4 n. Uaguenati, afortifiedtown of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, with a citadel ; feated on the Motler, J5 m N Strafburg. Hailjham, a town in Sufl^ex, with a market on Wednefday, 12 m e Lewes, and 59 s by E London. Ilaimbur^i a town of Auflria, with a caftle on a mountain, near the Danube, 27 m E by s Vienna. Hainan, a town of St. Domingo, on a bay and river of its name ; but the en- trance of the latter is obftruded by a bar of fand. Here are abundance of land crabs of an immcnfe fize, and on the E fide of the bay is a fort. It is 12 m sw St. Domingo. Ilai-nan, an ifland in the China fea, to the N of the gulf of Cochinchina, and to the s of the province of Quang- tong, from which it is 12 m diltant. It is 400 m in circumference. The foil of the N part is level ; but in the s and B are mountains, among which are val- leys that produce two crops of rice every year. There are mines of gold and lapis lazuli, which laft is carried to Canton, to paint the porcelain. It produces the fame fruits as China^ HAL bcfide fiipar, tobacco, cotton, and In- digo. Among the animals is a great black ape, with features rtfembling tliofc ot the human face ; but the com- ninu (bit of apes arc gray, and very ugly, 'i'lie inhabitants are moftly a wild fort of people, (liort and deform- ed, and of a copper colour : they arc clothed from the waift downward only, and paint their f iccs like other favages. Kiun-tchvdU is the capital. J/iihmuli, n province of the Nether- lands ; bounded on the N by Biabaiit, NW by Flanders, w by Artois, « by Cambrofis, Picardy, and Champargnc, and K by the territories of Liege and Namnr. It was divid<.'d into Auftrian and French Hainaiilt; the latter was in- cluded in the department of Nord, on the new divifion of France in 1791; the former h.is fince been annexed to that, country, and conttitutes the dc- parlm^nt of /cmappc. Uainbttrgy a town of the palatinate of Bavaria, 20 m wsw Ambcrg. Jfaingen, a town of Suahia, on the rivulet Lauter, 12 m n Buchau. Hajypour, a town of Hindooftan, in Baliar; on the left bank of the Ganges, oppofite Patna, llalberjladt, a town of Lower Sax- ony, capital of a principality of the fame name, which was formerly a hi- fliopric. The cathedral is a fupetl) ftrudure ; and here are three regular abbies, and two nunneries. The Jews are toltrated, and carry on a great trade ; and the inhabitants brew ex- cellent beer. It is feated on the Ho- theim, 32 m se Brunfwick. Lon. 11 17 E, lat. 51 .^6 N. Ualdenf.eien, a town of Lower Sax- ony, in the duchy of Magdeburg, on the river Ohra, la m N Magdeburg. IlaldenJ}ein, a town of SwiflTt riand, in the canton of Grifcns, feated near the Rhine, 4 m n Coire. llalen, a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, on the river Geet, 17 m ene Louvain. Hales, a village in Gloucefterfliire, a m N E Winchcomb ; noted for the re- mains of its abbey, which formerly was very magnificent, and had great pri- vileges. Halesonuen, a town in Shropfhlre, environed by Worceftorfhire, with a warket on Monday, and a manufaflure of nails. The poet Shenftone was born and buried here ; and near it is the much admired feat of Leafowes, in the decoration of which his whole fortune was fpent. It is 10 m ne Kiddcr- minfter, and 124 i^w London. cotton, and in- nuils is a j?n-at irca icfombUng • ; hut tho com- giay, and very 9 are moftly a ort and deform- :olour : they are downward only, ke other favagfs. Mtal. ■e of thfi Ncthtn . l,c N by Biabar.t, by Artois, R b/ ind Champ.irsnc, ies of Liege and il(.-d into Auflrian the laltcr was in- tnenl of "Nord, on France in ny; been annexed to ;onIlituie8 the dc- • of the pdatlnatc of Amberg. of Sua\na, on the ^ N Buchau. 1 of Hindooftan, in sank of the GangcJ, ,wn of Lower Sax- principaVity of tlie wns formerly a bi- hedral is a lupeil> e are three regular mneries. The Jews carry on a great Ihabitants brew ex- i fcatcd on the Ho- ,nfwick. Lon. II 17 [own of Lower Sax- \ of Magdeburg, on m N Magdeburg, iown of Swifftrland, [Orifons, featcd near ICoire. , . . If the Netherlands, m |ver Geet, i7mENE - in Gloucefterftiire, bb ; noted for the re- which formerly was and had great pn- Itown in Shroplhire, trceflcrfhire, w>th J ly, and a manufafture it Shenftone was born I and near it is Je It of Ltalowes, m tne Kb bis wholefprtuue Is 10 m NE Kidder- uw tiOt.don. H A L fliilefiutrt/i, a town in Suflollv, with a mauct on Tueldiy, and a trade in linen yarn and eaiivas. Noar lix- tnvn isMil'..da gr> at dcil of hemp. Ii lias a canal Id S(imI1i'\ olil, mid is liatul jicar the rivei iUyili, iiJ m n b Ipfwicli and 10 1 Londiiii. Ihtliljut IjUmd, an iflriul in t!ic Pa- ciilc oc'i an, fo naimd by Cook on ac- count of the nunilv r of filh of that nami; eaiij;ht here. It is z:-, m in ciniiin- few lice, and very low und barren. Lon. 164 IS w, lat. r,4 ,(8 N. Uniifaw an^til.Mid didiia of N Ca- rolina. (Miiipielieai'iMj; the C(Uiiiti>Sof Noithiippion, llal'Lix, Martin. E«ig- coml) W.iriH'n, FranMin, and N.illi. lloUfax, a town ui' N (arolini, ca- pital ot tiu» dillridt and cminty nf its name. It is lituate on the Ko.-'nokc, in a rich country, 70 m nk Ualegh. Lon. 77 ^?> w, l;it. 36 16 N. ilulifax, a town of Virginia, chief of a county of the lame name I' is 15 m w Mecklenburg. Lon. 79 17 w, lat. 36 4^ N. Ilulifax, a city and the capital of Nova Seotia, fettled by the i ritilh in 1749 It ft.tnds nn the w lidcofClio- biidtf, bay, on the lower part of a hill, whole fummit is 2.56 feet above the lev< l of the fea. The town has an entrcncli- metit, and is ftrengtba-ned with forts of timber. The ftrceis are parallel ; and at (he N extremity is the king's yard, fiippllcd with (tores of every kinil for the royal navy. Thi' inhabitants are eftimated at above i;; oco. It is 783 m NE New York. Lon. 6j 30 w, lat. 44 4o N. Ilalifitx, a town in W Yorklhire, with a market on Satmday. Its paiifli h very txtenfive, indudinjx 24 other townlhips and a population (in iHi i) of 73,415 inhabitants, who are principally e!nployed in woollen mannfadiircs. Halifax is the great mart for broad ai d narrow cloths, tammies, Iballoons, cala- mancns, everlaftings, &c. It ha" u market-hoult;, called the P ece Hall, and varions others for particular goods. The chii'chis a vem-rable building, and containsvTfia'.y indent monuments. The number of inhabitants was 8H86in j8oi, and 9159 in iSii. It is f' ated in a hilly country, near a branch of the Cakler, 40 m wsw York, and 197 n by w London. Lon. i 45 w, lat. 534 ^n. Halitz, a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of Lemberg, with a caltle ; fcated on the Dniefter, 60 m ssR Lem- berg. Lon. 25 19 1;, lat. 49 20 N. aalkirkf atownofScotlaod, inCaith< HAL nefs feated n ar the Tliurib, ovtr which is a bridge, 16 m wnw Wick. Ilttlkltii a villa(;e of Wahs, in Flint- (hiie, 4 I.I ssK Holyw.ll On the fum- mit of a hi!l is a fir- n>; Hritilh lortrefSf fiirr Miidi'd hy .1 !;rc it fol's and dike. IhillanJ, a pioviiice of Sv\'(din, on the w coall of Gothland. It is 60 m al(>n^' the coall, but not above 1 2 in breadth ; and is in gt ncral mountainoiiii, with coiiliderabie woods of oak and bin'h. II ilmltadi is tin- capital. Ilalla'on, a town in Lticellerfliirc. with a maiktt on 'I'hurld ay, i3mE.>F. Leici'der, and yi N by h London. llalUs a tovvii of Lower Saxony, in thednehy of M.iirdehiirg, with a famous univL'ili'y. It h.is large lalt-works, and munil'idtiires of Itareh, linen, and flan- lul. It i.- feated on the Saal, iBmtvSvv Leip/ic, and 46 ssk Magdeburg. Lon. I 2 13 v., lat. 5 I 32 N. Halle, a town of Snabia, noted for its liiit-pit;, and the f.mous proteltant leajiuc concluded here in 1610. It ir. feated on tlw Ki)chtr, among rockl and mountains', 37 m n'k Stutgard. UtilU, a town of Germmy, in Tyrol, famous for its fait mine; feated on the Inn, 6 m i'.nk Inlprnek. llallf, a town t)f the Netherlands, in Hainanlt, feated on tht? Senne, 8 m saw Biulfels. Halhin, a town of Havana, in the duchy of Salzburj,', (eated on the Salza, atnong mountains that abound in mines of fait, H m s by t. .S.il/biiig. ^ llaUerypniifr, a town of Lower Sax- ony, in the piincipality of Calenberg, at the fourceofthe Hallcr, 14 m ssw Hanover. Halloiv^'//, a town of the diflrift of Main, capital of Lincoln county, with a court-hnufe and a well endowed aca- demy. It }9 litnate near the head of the tide waters, on t'-e w fide of the Ken- nebec, 70 m NE Portland. Lon. 69 50 w, lat. 44 16 N. Halmjiadt, a feaport of Sweden, ca- pital of Halhnd. Here are flourifliing woollen manufadurts, and a profitable fnlinon filhi-ry. It Itands at the mouth of the Nill'a, on a bay of the Categat, 70 m ssb Gotheburg. Lun. 12 48 E, lat. 56 ,39 N. Haljltad, a town in Eflex, with a market on Friday, and a manufafture of bays and fays ; feated on the fide of a hill, by the river Coin, 16 m N Chelms- ford, and 46 Nt London. lialtercn, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of Munfter, feated on theLippe, aj m sw Munllcr. I'tftl '«;'T ■::f^' i HAM jTalloH, a town in Chrfhire, with a market on Saturday. It had .1 llately Ciftle, which m.iintaircd a larycjiirif- dieiion round it, by the name ul Hal- ton Ft'Pi but all that rcniaini iit now 4 piifon. It '\<^ fcatcd near the M<'rfcy, 13 m VKChi'Iter, and iwn in Nortliaml.tr- land, with a market on Thurlllay. Icat- fd on a hill, by Ibc s braiuh of the 'I'ync, 3,s tn w Ncwcadlc, and iCj n by w Loudon. Ildlia, a town of the kingdom of Fc/, fealtd on the Ccbu, 8 in s Vc/.. Ham, altroni,' tnwn of VVcllph.-iIia, capital of the county of Mai !:. It 1.* a f)Iace of good trade, and has cxtenlivc ilcacliing-grounds. In 1761, the I'lcnch wtTc defeated near ihib placo by the troops of Brunlwiclc. It is fr.ited on the Lippe. 20 m w Lipftadt. Lcii. 757 t, lat. 51 40 N. lltiKiy a town of France, in the de- partment ofSomme, vvithaftrongcaftle; fcated on the Somme, 48 m N Paris. Lon. 3 6 E, lat. 49 45 n. Uanutdiaiy a eity of Perfia, in Irak. The walls and the citadel wirededroyed by order of the late kin)?, Aga Moliamcd Khan, and neither haw lincc been rebuilt. It is famed for 1 ii)annf;<(^ture of le .Ihcr, and is a marl ut Made bttwet-n Ifp dian, Teheran, and B^jidad- Thf- Jews have licre a iyn:ig ■■;<.■, i" sLic!' tJH-y Hiow the tomb «' fiirdivai .ukI Liil^r It is fituate in a n.odfUir.cus d;dnil, 180 m wsw Tth« ran. '"'' • 4^ o K, lat 34 53 N- fiamrh a town of Syria, the rtfi- denct o' the fcheik, unh the title of emir. Tlie befl h iilis, ilic nrcfques and the caftle, are buiit of hi, efc and white Itones. The river Afli, f. rmerly call d OronteB, runs ciofe by the caftle, and fills its ditches, which are cut deep into the folid rock. The inhabitanta have a trade in linen of their own ma- jiufaiflure. It*isfeatcd among hills, 7«m •w Aleppo. Lon. 34 55 E.lat. 36 15 n. llumamet. a town on the e coafl of Tunis, wliich hasa conli.lerable trade in torn, wool, and oil. It ftands on a gulf ofthe fame name, 37 ms Tunis. Lon. 10 6 K, lat. 36 13 N. Ilaman, a town of France, in the de- partment of Calvados, i? m ssw Caen. IJnmhadi, a town of France, in the department of Roer, lately of Gtrm-'ny, in the duchy of Jiiliers; feated on 'he liver Rur, 5 m sl Juliers. llambleJoni a town in Hampfliire, with a market on Monday, 15 m sE Winchefler, and 64 wsw London. ihimbitrgi a city of Lower Saxony, in II A IM the duchy of HoUUin, conftftinpr ofthe old and the new town ; both nearly of aa e(|Ual li/.c. .Molt of the hoiileh are built after tlu, manner of the Dutch, and richly furnilhed within, 'i'hc principal flrects have lontj .i,ul broad c.iiiaK%, which are lillcd by tlu" tide; the other* are narrow anl ill paved. It ii li-ated on the livers lilbe and Alder; and the hilter, before it enters the town by (luiees, tnrms a fine b.ifin. Hamburg is well fortified, and on the rampari? arc handloiiie walks, planted with rows of trees. The town, from its fituation, haa all p.^ible advnntuffes for loniyn and donicllic trade; particnl.irly froni its communic.ition, by the F.Ihe, with fbmeof tiic principal navigable rivers of (Germany; and hence it iioneofthemoft cornmerei.d places in the world, though not coiifpicuous for manufactures, litre is a celebr ited college, an arfcnal, a bank, an exchange (in which is a li- brary) a German theatre, and a found- ling hofpital. The inhabitants are efti- mated at iio,oeo, and nearly ii,oooof them are Jews, who tranlinfl much buii- nels. The religion is Lutheran, and none but the Fnglifli have the liberty of performing divine Icrvice in a chapel oF their own. Other religionsare tolerated at Altuna, a large town near the harbour of Himbnrg, except the Jews, who have no lynagoguc. Befide the five prin- cipal chincheH, there are 11 finalleronei for particular occafions, fome of which btrk/ng to hoCpitals. The cathedral of Oui La('y is a very fine flrmfture ; and tliechuich of St. Michael is celebrated for a tcwer 390 ic t high, on which many aflronomieal and phyiical experi- ments h.ivc been made. Hamburg was occupied in 1806 by the French, who confillcatcd all Englilh property found here, and laid heavy contributions on the inhabitants. ' In \^\^, ii was occu- pied by the Ruffians, then by the Danes, who lufFered it to be regained by the French. It is 55 m se of the mouth of the l^lbe in the German ocean, and J5 Nfc Bremen. Lon. 10 1 e, lat. 5,^ 33 n. Hamburg, a town of Penufylvania, in Burke county, on the v. fide ofthe Schuylkill, 14 ni n by w Reading, and 60 NNW Pjiiladelphia. llamburgt a town of New Jerfey, in SufTexcoimty, 20 m ne Newtown, and 60 Nw Newark. llamelburgt a town of Franconia, in the principality of Fulda, feated on the Saal, 15 m wNw Schweinfurt. Hamelin, a Itrong town of lower Saxony, at the extremity of the duchy of fiiuiifwickj of which it is the key> onftftinp: of the lolh nearly ot an lioiiU'h an- built ;c Dutch, and 'I'hc principal broiul ciiiah, tiiJc-, thcnlln'i* oil. It ii l<-'«t''^i Alftcr ; ai'J »''« s the town by j.ifiii. Hamburg! (in the ranip:uii liiutid vvitl^ rows fromii^ I'ltuation, luRi'S tor lorciuiu particularly from I the Kibe, with n;ivigablc rivers of Uiiomolthcmult the world, thoui;h o: nianufaituios. :oUcge. an arfcnal, . (in which is a »- :atre, and a found- inhabitants are cUi- nd nearly i i>oao ot tranfaa much bull- is Luthtvan, and n have the bberty ot .rvico in a chapel o eligionsarptolcraitd ,wn near the havbonr ^pt th(^ J^wa, who Bffide the five pnn- areiit'maller»)ne$ \xom, fome of which a. The cathedral ot fincamfturei and lichael is celebrated c. I high, on which and phyfical oxpcri- padf. llamhnrgwas hvthe French, who gl.lh properly found vy contributions oa n 1S13, iiwasoccu- 8, then by the Danes, be regained by the m 6E of the mouth German ocean, ana Ml. loiEilal-S.i.^^N- wn of Fcnnfylvania, on the K lide ot the by w Reading, and vnofNewJerfey, in mNE Newtown, and pwnofrranconia,i« fFulda, fcated on the ■Schweitifuft. fong town of rower lueUy.of the du^Jj UUicb it w thektv HAM Here arc nianufa<;tiircii of ItnfTi, filks, and lbuMn^'«. The fortrcls fiirrrndtTed to the French in iHq6. It is litiiatcilthe conflux of the Ilamel willi i.ie VVell-r, aj m 9w Hanover. Lon. 9 Z] t, lat. 52 ,<; N. _ lla-mi, a province of Wtflcrn Tar* tary, rnrrouinled by (ipferts, y«'t nc- coiintrd one of the moft c|i'lij»htful countries in the world. U* rice and fruite, pirticularly the nich^rs :\vt\ dried raifins, are in high t I'.eeio in China. It i« tributary to that country ; and the ca- pital )■< of tlu' lame itatm', 1040 m w by N IMiin>!;. Lon. 9? 44 v., lat. 42 55 n. UnniUtmt, a d'ltiitn: of the flats of Tcnnenie, oompn htndiug the countien orKnoXjJefterfon, Sevifr.Ciaiiijri.'r, and Biotint. The chief town is Knoxville, the c.ipit il of till' (l.'ite. lldmilton, a town and fort of the ft it«; of Ohio, in II,\miltoii coui\iy. It has a good trade M if I» the fetileis cf the b ick rouiitry, and fl.indi on tlie Great Mia- mi. IS m N Cincinniiti. luimilton, a town of New York, in Alluny county, with a notctl manufac- ture of pl.afs, 10 m WNw Albnny. Ilainilton, a town of Scotland, in La- nerkihlif, with a noble (i'at belonging to the duke of that name. The prin- cipal maiiiifinflnres are linen, cabinet work, and Ihocs. It io fe.ited on the Avon, near its condiiX witli the Clyde, 10 m .'!E Gla(j,'ow',{ind ^8 wsw Edinbuig. Hifmma, a town of the kingdom of Tunis, celebrated for its baths, la m w Cabes. Iiammam, a tovtn of the kingdom of Tunis, wiih a celebrated hot bath, feated near a mountain rich in lead ore, 16 m 8 Tunis. HAM Including the illand it containn 9lt,ia« .acres ; is divided into 10 hundredit and \\\ parifhe* i h u one city an«I ao Bi.uket tovrnx; and ferds 26 nii'inber* to parliament. The niim'ier of in- habitant was 119,6^6 in 1831, and 145,08.1 in i3u. Tliis lounty has a grt-.it variety off'ils, but the principal purl is ch.ilk. The Oorfttlhiie boriirr hai large tr.K'ts'f lie.tth ; and toward the fea ai.' great qiiiiititits of mjrfh land, but v.-ry fcTti'e ; and all tlie remainder is excclifnt land. It is one of the molt fertile and populous counties in F.ng- I.ind. On thi' downs> of which a ridgi; runs dmoft acrofs the county, ate fed plenty of lhi\p : but the Itock is coiifi- diT.ibly decieali'd, owinir to enclofurcs. Hi il(ii 3 whc.it, b:ii ley, and hops, il ib fa- mous for bacon, honey, ami limber; thi.' I.ift in particular, on account of its prcit vvood.^, of which the principal are the New Torell ami the forelt of B.re. Tlic priii(ij)al tivLTS are the Avon,T«(t, Ite'irn, ,ind Sunir. Snnty-t(iwn, bi;t the afTi/i-a are held at Wmohdler. Sce.Vf.u; Forry/.and nif^ht. IhiDt! pure, New, one if the United States of America, bounded on the H byCinada, i; by the rfiftiid of Maine and the Atlantic, .s by Mad'achuiets, and w by the river Connrdi>.ut, which fepar.ites it from Vermont. It is divid« .1 into five counties, Kockingham, Staf- ford, Ililfborongh, Ch 'fhive, and Oaf- ton : liie iail licH to the n, and coirpie- hends nearly as much territory as all the other four counties. The land near the fea is generally low, but, advancini; into the country, it rifes into hills. From the vicinity of Ibme mountains, whole furnmits are covered with fnow t IJa.fimfr, a town of Norway, in the rnoft of the year, this counti^ is in government of Aggerhuys, 60 m nne Chriftiania. llatnwfrfriiith, a large village in Mid- rflcfex, ieated on the Thames, 4 m w London. Here is a nunnery eftabliflied originally as a boarding-fchool for young ladies of the Roman catholic perfnafion ; and towar I'f SI II AN •f I'lir.ilifth county. It li.if .i tntJc in Ki<(iiii litntlur, f\.tVL-H, .Vo. jnut (1 iiulii ut tlu' hcai) <)t° a hay, m-Ar tin- luoutli of J.iini u rivir, Ko m nn. KiLlitnutul. I.uii. 76 iH « , lat. .»7 J w. Ii,inif>lnn, 1 liivvn of New ll.i'iip. iliiri-. III Uockini'.li.iin county, im a tivcr ot it* II iir.i , tu'ir llir H-.i- It Ins a cm il lo lli>' Mrrriiiiac, at S.ilifbury ) aiul ia 14 m H hy vv Puril'iiiouth. Ilinyiptoii, ;t villii^;!. in Miililkd x, on tlir liver Th imi':;, 11 m sw I.dihIdh. It \\ fiiitous fir a royal pal.ictf, ialU-d Hamilton ('(uirt, i rijjin.illy an*| maniii- tic inly biiilt l)y canlinal VVoHi-y, wiio gavf il 10 Ilfiiry viii What remains of (III old p il.nT art' only fonif tif the tlo- mcllic oiru'cB, >lic- pi.iicipal pait Wxnf, taken do^vn in i6(;n« and the pufint pahicc nctitrd hy William 111. The l)niMin);fl, ^aniciiH, and paiks are 4 m III i.ircnmtr!v.'iKi'. llitHtiu, a llionj: town of f J' rmany, ill Wct'tiavia, capital of a ffrtiic coun- ty ot tlic fatnc nanc. It is divided into tlif old and new town, aiul in the for- mer in a iiiagnifie'i lit calllc. 1 1 h.i.s nia- 'iiifaOihiien ot woollen Itiili's, lloeljiigs, porcelain, and toliaceo ; and a trade in irorii, iron, and timber. Mere, on Ocio- bfr 30, 1813, Uonapartc rtciivtd his lalt tiefeat in Oeriiiany,.niid fled during the liattic fur Trance. It ia feaUd on the Kint/.iii, near its conllnx witii the Maine, 18 in Nh Darnill.idt. Lon. 8 58 " K, lat. 50 10 N. Ilaucork, a town of Maryland, in Walliipgt'Ui coniitv, leitcd on tlic Po- tomac, 70 111 Nw Raliimore. Ihoif^-tihcoH, a city o'i China, of the firil clalii, cjpital oi the province of Tche-ki.irr;. It is li m in circuni- ft-reiu'e, exclnlivc of itii inhiirlis, con- tains more than a million of inhabitants, and i^ the general enipinium tor ail ar- tides that pafs between the northern and fouilu'rn provinces. Here are ex- tcnfive Ihops and warehoiifes; and it has a [.'veat tiadc in died cottons and iiaiikiiiH, filks, riee, and utlur grain. It is rt';a(.d bciwcen a laij-c baiin that fornv* the .s exlrtmity of the grand canal, and a fniall lake called See-hoii, 700 m s by I:. Peking. Lou. 120 it v., lat. JOZD .N. llaKO-vrr, a lale cledoraic of Ger- many, in the circle of Lo\v<*r Saxony II contains the dncliies of Z'li, S.iJm;- Lautnburg, Brnni-n, Line'ciirg, and tl'e principalities of Vcrdcn, Uf.hciie.atren, and Overwald. Geor;^e 1 < ♦ Ci>eai Bri- tain was the tirft who f'n'dul poflellion of all ihefc ftite*?, which lie r.i'ift-- be- tween the rivers Wulci ar.d Elbe, and II A N rxtciul aoo m in leti^th ( but the brcadlli H viiioiiiit bi.'ing in fonir pl.ictii 1,50m, .iiid in ollu'ri hut 50 Thiir produee in tinibrr. citth-. \\i>^», ituiiii, bicr, and baciMi ; .1 liiilc lilve., copper lead, iron. Vitriol, biintllune, quicklilver, ami c ppt r.i». Ill iH 3, the FmiicIi nbiain- td p )Hi(rMi. (/. -M tluifc tirriioriei j hut on November I 81 (, thcciowii piincc oi Sweden cnti *i this territory, and hi»t HiitJiiiiic in.j.ny'n govtrnmtiit wai louii ivillablilhed. llauoi'tr, A fortifird city rf Lo\v,t Sixoiiy, c.ipii:il of iln: late ihilorate u'i tin- f line name. In ilu iieijjhbourhood arc the pal.icc and tli*;.;.int g;iidcim«>i licienhauri II. ilaiiover it well built, c mi liiis upwaid of i.«;,ooo inhahitant.s, and hai in ii.ul.ieMures of lace, fhtff, (loekin^i., rib.inilj, and le.nher. The I'leneh toi.k it in 17P, but were footi .liter 3, and werea^iain txpelltil in i8i,j. It ih (iated on boih fides of the Lcine, .,« Ill w by N ikuhfvMck. Lon. 948 t, lat. t,z i.t N. Hiiiiuvcr^ a 'ounof New H.'inpdiire, in CJraiton county, on the v b.ink of Cuniiee'tieni. Three in s of it, and nr.ir the l.ime river, ia Dartmouth college, one of the moll celebrated feminarici of education in the Uni'ed Slates. Hano- ver in .^x in N ( harlAon, and 80 wnw PiTtfinouth. I.ciii. 7a 5 w, lat. 4j 46 n, Hiiroirr, a town ot Peiiniylvania, in York county, 14 in w-w York, and 94 w by ^ Philadelphia. JJaHo-vtr, a town of Vir^^inia, in a county of the fame name, with an aca- demy ; litnate on the Pamuiiky, tlu* s branch of Yoik river, :o in nnk Uicli- mond. tianor'crt Ne-iv, a lar,^e illand in the S pjcific ocean, oppofile the nw extre- mity of N< w heland. It is hij.h, and covircd wiih tieest, among vviiieh are iTiaiiy luMUtiful plantations. // »•-» f Nfw Il.'-.nplliirt', on the H li.ink of in s (if it, auil nc"^' favtmoulli college, )ratcil feminarici of i'td Slates, liaiio- 11, ,n, :iiul 80 WNW , 5 Wjlat. 4.1 46 N; .)i IVmn'ylvatiia, in I \v..w York, and lin. I of Vii'i;ini.i, in a niiini', with ail aca- le Tamuiiky, tlu* s r, :o m nnk Rich- larj^e illand in the ofite the Nw extre- It is liij:h, and ainoii;,' wliich arc atioUH. run ■ of Bohemia, in the wiih nianufav^tincs \iid paper, 12 m N wn of Germany, in iltiibnrg. y of China, of the vinceof fhtnfi.on roiindt'd by nnonn- licchicf articU'5 of X, mnlk, and cin- j sw P kins. L""' '6* N. of the Neihirlands, frontieiJs of Licgc INK Namur. UAH HiOhyaHjjt i city nf China, of th(* tirft clafi. iu tlic provinic of lion- «|tiHn); It ii ff.itcd at the conflux of thr Han with ih>* Kitn-ku, jttf nt \v I'ekirif;. I.oii. irj 4^ K, hit. ,4) .t't s. ilnfiiiee, the iiamf of four «)f thi* Triciidly iiltiuU, in the Pacific otc.in. They arc of hiuilar height Hud u^)pcar* ancc, and conneifled by a reef ot coral rocks, dry at low water. The planta< tloni ail* iiuni'-rouH and rxtfiinvr. Tliel'e illaiuli extend from n to .s idxiul 19 ni. ltuf>jiU, A town of Kuflij, ill the ^o- vcinmcut of Kevel, h. itcd 011 the Hal' tic, oppofitc the illand of Dagu, 5 m svv Kcv.l. Jlii/>/luri(t an ancient calUe of Swif- fcrlaiul, un a h>fty emiiw iic<*, near Schiutziuch. VVh.it i;i left of it in now inhabited by tlie faiiiily of a pealiiiit. This cadic was the cr.ulle, x.i it wtre, of the houfc of AuRri.i, whole anceftors may bt; iraeed back to the be^imiiiig of the i,{th ct iitiiry, when Kodolph count of liapfburg w.ir elevated to the empire of Germany and archduchy of Aultria. Uarhoroui^h, a town in I.eicedt rlhire, with a nvirket on 'I'ln-ld.iy, and manu- fadtures of tammies, Ihalloonv, and lalt- iiig» } feated on the Wclland, 15 m m U'ict ftcr, and 8j n by w I.ondon. lliirburjft a town of L(»vvcr Saxony, in the duchy of Luneburp, wiih a ftrong caftle. It h^s manufatflurea of lilk, ltockinf;8, wax, and tobacco ; and a great trade in timber with IloIIaiuI. In 1757 it was taken by the i'lvncli, but iL'iaktii the lame year by the llano- vcri nis. It h llratcd on the Secvf leather, 10 m Kw Gottin^ren. ilariLnberg, a town of Vv'eflphali 1, in till.' duchy of Berg, 13 m kn i: DuHtl- dorp liartlenbur^, a town of Holland, in Overvd'cl, fituate on the Vecht, 10 m swCovoerdrn. ilarilrr-wi/rk, a fortified town of Hol- land, in Gclderlanil, with a univeriity. It has a trade in corn and wood, and is Icau'd on the Zuider zee, 24 m nnk Arnheim. Lon. ij B e, lat- 5; ao n. ir A u /ftir.t-;v!itf n town of ilie Aatc of Gtorjn, feittd on the CVrechtc, 16 m froiii Its inontli, and |S w |>y >.\iv;uiiii. //.»r.' jy.;<;,/, a viHag in VV Yorklhirc, on ilir river Wliarf, 8 m m Lec«l«. Ilcie .ire tl)c tnnainH of an ancient cil* tic } and in thi* church in the munumcnt of lir VVillia:n Gafcoyne, wlio com- mitted Ilrnry prince of Wales to pri* Ion, I -r alfrontiiiK him while Iu fit ad* minillcrini^ jufticc. Near it ii H.iic W004I houIe,ihc noble feat of lord Hare- wood. Iliii/lLur, a town of Fr.uicc, in the dep.irimciit of I.ower Seiiu-. Its fortiri* c.itions have been long drniohtluil, .md its harbour nearly choki'd up. It ftin.tj on a finall river, near the mouth of this Seine, ](> m NW Rou<*n. Luii. o 19 !■, lat. 49 ,V) N. Hiir/urJ, a town of Mary! 'id, in .t county «)f th^ iiunr nam?, Iltu.ite on llulli river, 25 m r.sk Haliimor •. /Iini/iiim, a town ol Ilindo iftaii, in Myforc, with a fort, in which is n cele- brated temple. It ftamls on t!ie f. fulc of the Tunga-bhadr.t, whieh here fepi. r.ites .Myibre from the ountvyof the Maiirattat*. In the vicinity mucli cot- ton wool in cleaned, mid Ipuii into thread. It is 6.[ m ni, Na;:ar.i. Harlehecky a town of the Nether- lands, in Flandcr.s, on the river Lis, ^ m Ni; Courtray. Ilut/fc/i, or llar/tfi^/i, ,t town of Wat. s, capital of MeriuiKthdiire, with a market on Saturday. It is governeil by a mayor, and ha j a caftle, built by Eflw.ird I, almod entire, on ;i rock pio- jeeH'ug into St. G''orgi' channel. It i-^ a fmall place, j6 m sk Carnarvon, and 2 i I NNvv London. Lnn. .\. 6 w, lat. 5?, 54 N- Uarlr-ni, a fortified city of S iloll.ind, memorable for the lii;ge it held out aj!;aint1: tht; Spaniard, in i«7j, for tcrj months, bclurc it capitul ite I. It has broad re.nilar Itrci-ts, aii.l many canals j and ia noted for itM velvets, damaiks, wmlbjd ftiiffs, and bleachiii(;f'round3. The inhabitants arecompiite.l at 40,01:0. Tlie great cliureh, wlmii i'S tiie hrj^i.ll ia Holland, h.is the grande.'l orj^an in Jai- ropc ; it contains 8coo pipcb, and 6d llops. Harlem ia feated near ji lake of tile fame name, li m w Anii'lcrdam, Lon. 4 37 K, lat. 52 aa n. Uiuhjlrjn, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Wcdncld ly, leated on the VN'avi nay, 16 m s Norwich, and 99 nk London. tlurlhi^, a town in Noifolk, with a market on Tuefday, 24 m in Norwich, »".:(! 89 NE London. Il il |f ■tV 'I h: II Hi 1 ' M II A U llii.HnjffH, n fortiflril fcaport of Mot- Unci, in l-'rii'Oimt, of which, next to Li'WurtUri, It ii Ihr l.-irBrA .iitd nuttX pn- puloutt it h.M noiirifhitiK m.iiittf>iftiirr« of p.ipcr niitl ('.itu.ii, .itui I* ti'utcd on thi» Ziiit!cr ue, i., rti w Lcw^nlcti. Lon. 5 aj K, Lit. vi i> ^^ itiirlo:i', » town in I'.fTfX, 7 m nw OiiK'i'. ()o n common, } m I'ram ihc town, U ,1 f.iinoii* f.iir on ihr ntli of Sfpt'iiiliiT, c.tHdl li.irlow Hiin* t'lir, littictt urortfd to by the riiighUuUiing gi'itry. Utirmonj/, a town of P^nnfylvani;!, In I.ii/rrnc county, on the n lule of 8t;iriicc,i cn-rk, ;i water of thr k br.iiicli of tlir NiifiiU' Imo.i. Between this place niul Stock <)i,rt, on Di l.tw-irr river, ilil- tnnt itt m to the k^u, ihcreita nortane. It h I 10 Ml NW N.'w Yorli, and no n by w i'hil.id«.l^hi.i. Lon. 75 «;o w, Int. 41 'i N. ILirn, ;i town of Spain, in O'd Caf- llIcf'Mted on the I'lifi'. ; : m ni MurKOi Hitrpen/telJ,A town tit Niw Yoik, in Otfejio county, aS m st. Coopeillown, Itid .1', w lhuif>in. l!nr(>oftfl:i/t si town of Ilindnofl.in, CTj'if.il of a iliftritft in Myforc At the partili<)n of thin country, in 1799, Har- fioiu'ily >v.i!i cideti to the Mahraitai. t i! 76 m NNt Nagara. Lon. 7j j8 e, lat. 14 40 ^■ Jltimvt, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Dill Ink, known in icripturr hs the country of Labaii, .ind l>y the Uoinans c ilji'd CharKr. It ii fituatc in a plain, f imouiJ fur the defeat of CrafTus by the Pan lii.'ms, 15 m r. by » Orfa. Ihrrinjrir.n, a fiiuill port in Cumher- laiul, on a crttk of the Irilh fea, w!iicli admits velfcl'i of 1 20 tons burden up to the hfiufis. Ct)al, lime, iron-Rone, and fire el >y, are lint hcinc to Irt'l .nd and Scotland. It is 6 m n Whitehaven, and I wsw Cof-kermouth. IItir>ifiXtoii, a town of the diftrivft of M^int', ill IJiicuin couiity, on tiie w fide of tiK K< n;iebec, which will here t 'mit vt (Ills of 100 toiir. It ftaiids 3 m «hovc Il.iHowell, ti[ which till 1797 it was a P'lft, 'tiid known by the name of Fori Wcilcrii. The judlcinl courts for the couMty are held allnii.itcly in this town aiul at Po',vna'bi)i-oui;h. It carries on a biifk tra*lewit!^ the back toiuitry, and ii :o ni n rownalborouph. }l,iniiorp'jiir., a to '■ n of Hiiulooftan, in Orilla, i-ptal »)t the diftri(5t of Mo- l)Uibiiii;.;e. it i"; jc8 m NNI-. Cattack, and no W'sw Calcutta. Lon. a6 46 e, lat. J I "^^ N. llarriorf'our, a town of Napaul, in the lU tt diflri^ of IVIocaumpour, on the river li«>t(inutiy, «7 m ^«ii Muc4umpuur. lltirrh I fi'C l.t'Uih. Uorri/lurjf, n town of Pennfylvanli, rapit.d of Dniphin inunty. It ii liiii.iii on thr Nufiiuehaii.t, H6 m wkw HhiU. d«l|)h:.i. Lon. 7A ^5 w, bit. 40 16 s. llittriffu^i'H, * horouith ol liclaiid, in the county of Kild.trr, la m r. b]f » Ki|. d,ir««, lliirrodlhurjf, a town of Kentucky, chief of Mererr cciuiily. It ILiikU «t I he head of Malt river, )o m » by 1 I'r.inkfort. ftoToiu. a village in Mi'Mlefcx, on the hi, dull hill in the couniy, 10 ni WN(v LondiHi. It has a n(.ted chureli and a ccli.-brited fieflchool. //iirrrw^utf, a Mlla,{e in W York- (hire, ( m w KnaitfboioU({h. It it la- moiu ^or nu'dicin.il fpringi, one of which is the ftronK«-U fulphiir-w iter in fJnat Uritain. Ili-rr are fevcnl l.ir.'c buil.lingj, with a theatre, See. for liir accommodation of the tuimeroui vitit* antH in the tummcr. It is an m n jty w London. llitrteiijlfin, a town and caftle of Upper Sjxony, in Milnia, 6 m m. Zwickau. Hartford, a city of Conneiflicut, ei- pital of n county of itj name, and rim place where the half-ye.irly air< nibly of the Aate is held in May. ft (lands un the w fide of the Connedlicut, 50 m from its mouth ; and thus far the lid* (lowo. It has three churches and an tlej!.mt ftate-houfc Here arc nunieroin rrianufadtures ; and on the oppolitc lidir oi' the CoiimCliviit is the town of liait Hartford, where are iron and y.h\i woiI;». The city is divided by a fnull ftrcani, cilled Little River, with higli roinanlic banka, over which in a brid^'e ; and the ftreeta interfciJl cacli otlur .it right annlcH. It is 38 m nk Newhavci), and 80 w sw Iiullon. Lon. 7230 1., lal. 41 40 N, Huvtfuril, Nfiu, a town of Coniirdti- cut, in Liclifield county, 14 m m. Licli- tidd. ILiitliiiul, town in Di vonfliirc, will) a iivirkct on liaturd.iy. Near it i< Hartland abbey, which includes ilie file and Ibme portion of tiie ancicit abbey. It is liateil near the BrilUil chauiitl, and a promontory called li.irt- land- point, 28 m WjW iiarnftapic, ami 214 w by s London. Hurtle l>ool, a l(M,)ort in the county of j Durham, jrov* riiej by a mayor, with i market on Monday, in the vicinity arc fijvcral coal mines, and a large Hour raa- I ur, on the tlvW 1uC4umpuur. of PtM>nfyl».1nlii nty. It ik liiit.ili ') m wNw VU\\a- w. I;»t. 4'* !'• N. iijjh ol Iribnd, in u m r. »»y • Kil- yn of Kentucky, iiy. It llouN .it ir, }o in • by ■ in Mi«t»<1«'f«x. OH \n' CKiiii'yi "> "' lai ft tX'trd cluirclt Ichool. ila^i. ill W York. boioiinh. ItUU- fpritiRi, oiu« t.f I fiilphiirw :H«i ill e arir Ifvcril l"fr ratre, &c. fur tlir the iuitn»rc>ii» vi'it- It is an m N by jvvn and cnftic "f 1 Miliii.>» (> m ""k of Conned^iciit, ci- if iti tiami'. and tlifl If.yi'.irly all'i nibly of May. It iUndi on Connecticut, 30 m lid thus far the till* »• churches and an Here arc nunurons on the oppolitc liJe : IK the townof i:;iit aio iron and k^-i'* is divided by a I'nuil c River, with hig'.i ftr whichUabriiit;"'; erfcil each otlur .il 3«m NK NcwhavLii. Lon.71 J*"»'''^- a town of Coniifcn'f uunty, i + mNb Lidi- own in Dtvoniliin;, ^aturd.iy. Neurit 1' which includes uie „lion of the anocit ted near tlic Bv.iU.1 ,„iontory cMkd Hart- woW U,irnft.>plc, ami .''port in the county of J by it mayor, witli 1 fcv. In the vicinity we *,, and a large Hour raa- s It AS TtufAAurp. It U Iritnl nn lh« Orrmon otrAll, p.irlly liirruiinded by locki i«iid hilli, 16 miiNk Uurhnm.and ij8 •* by w London. Lnn. o 14 w, lal ^4 41 N llarlUy, \ town rhNor(hiitntHrl.4iid,n •»> ()cnKciib4ch. liifltidtik, ft tuwn of I^ower .S ixony. In the Uitchy uf llriinfivick, neir whi' It (he French g4iiud a vi^Ii>ry over the duke uf Cumberland^ in i;;;- It is 5 tn IK lijmeliii, H.\ !iii Loiidiin. Lon. o 41 k. lat- 50 52 n. llntfieU, a town of -MafTachiifets, in Ilamplhiie county, on the w lide of the ConneClicut, nearly oppolite Iladh y, to which place there is a ferry. It is 5 ni N Northampton. Untfirid, a town iii Ilcrlfordlh're, with a market on Thurlday It for- merly belonged to the biihop of Kly, in who frp.;lice I'llifabeth relided, and was thence conduifted, on the «lratlj f)f Mary, to al(:cnd the throne She pro- cured the alienation of this nunor •. '.nd James I exchanged it with ?ir llohcrt Cecil, afterward carl of Salifliury, for Theobalds ; and on the lite of the epil- copal palace, that nobleman built the m.ignilicent feat called Hatfteld-houfc It is fcaicd on the river Lea, ao m nn w London. llatlurUy, a corporate town in De- vonlhire, with a market on Fiiday, and a woollen mauufaclurc ; ieated near the river Okc, 26 m nw Exeter, and aoi w by s Lcmdon. Uattem, a town of Holland, in Od- derland, feated on the Yflel, 4 m s\v Zwoll. //«//^rflj, acapeof N America, which extends far into the ocean, from the coafl of N Carolina, in lat. 35 15 n- Uattingtrtt a town of Weilphalia, in m I flu ■■' I ^1: t k h. rM '^^ 1 '■> U A V (lie Count" cf M.rk, featcd on the Kocr, 17 n« rnb r/uflcMorp. Hainan, a town and fort of Upper IIuHf^^ry. fcated on u inuuntaiii, ^8 m EKK Buda Uatkfihi. A tiivvn and caftlt^ of Ger- innny, in Upper Hiirc, capital of a county of its name It is frated en the luitr, j; m NNw Mavburp. llavaiuu acily and Icaport on the Nw part cf Cuba, 2 m in circum- fcrencf, I'ld tlic capital of the ifland. The ho'ifcsare cit'jiant. built of ftone, and tlic churches are rich and rnngn which foon after enters a creek of Milford haven, 15 m ese St. David, and 253 w by n London. Lon. , 5 o w, lat. 51 ;?o N. Ha'ucrliill, a town of New Hamp- fhire, chief of Grafton county. It is fituate on the Connedticut, 33 m n Ha- nover, and 100 NW Portfmouth. Lon. 7a ^ w, lat. 44 8 N-, HaverhU'n a town of Maflachufets, in Eflex county, with two churches, and -^ bridge over the Merrimac. Some Teflels are built herej »nd fevcrai are HAW employed in the W India trade. It hai alfo a confiderable inland trade, and a manufacture of canvas. It is la m w Newbury Port, at the mouth of the river, and ?2 N Bofton. IJaverliill, a town in Suffolk, with a market on Wednefday, and a manufac- ture of checks, cottons, and fnnians. It is 16 m svv Bury, and 59 nu London. IJaverJlraiu, a town of New York, in Orange county, on the w fide of Hud- fon liver, 38 m n New York. Havre de Grace, a feaport of France, in the department of Lower Seine, with a ftrong ciiulcl, a good arfenal, and ftorehoules for the conftrudtion and arming of lliips- It is furrounded by lofty walls, and large ditches filled with water. The harbour has particular advantages above all others on the coaft ; for the water does not begin to ebb till ne.'.r three hours after the full tide. This town was bombarded by the Englifli in 1694 and 1759. It is fcated at the mouth of the Seine, 45 m w Rouen, and 112 nw Paris. Lon. o 6 E, lat. 49 29 N. Havre de Grace, a town of Mary- land, in Harford county, on the w fide of the Suliquehana, at the head of Chcfa- peak bay, 37 m ne Baltimore. Hattfdn, a town of Suabia, c ip tal of a lordfliip of the fame name, :n the princi- pality of Furfleiiburg ; fcated on the Kintzig, 16 m N Friburg. Hauterive, a town of France, in the department of Upper Garonne, fcated on the Arriege, 10 m b Touloufe. Hautviliiers, a town of France, in the department of Marne, with ,1 late rich abbey, feated on the Marne, 16 m s by E Khcims. IJanvarden, a town of Wales, in Flintfliire, with a market on Saturday, a confiderable manufatfture of earthen- ware, and a foundery for cannon. On a conical eminence between the town and the river Dee, are the remains of an ancient cattle. It is 10 m se Flint, and 196 N\v London. Hawick, a burgage town of Scotland, in Roxburghfliire, with manufadures of carpeting, woollen ftockings, and tape; feated on the Tiviot, 21 m ssw Kelio, ?,id 47 ssE Edinburg. Hawkjlmy, a town of New S Wales, with a fchool and chapel where divine fervice is performed. It ftands on a river of the fame name, which annually inun- dates the adjacent foil, 30 mwNW Syd- ney. llavjkjljead, a town in Lancafliirc, wiLli a market on Monday. Here is a neat townhoufe, and an excellent fret. J ta trade- It hai nd trade, and a . It is 12 m w ; mouth of the I Suffolk, with a , and a manufac- , and fuftians. It CO NU London. ofNt;w York, in le w fide of Hud- I York. eaport of France, .owcr Seine, with 50od arfenal, i>nd conftruftion and is furrounded by ditches filled with ir has particular U others on the does not begin to ours after the full as bombarded by and 1759- ^^ '* , of the Seine, 45 I NW Paris. Lon. a town of Mary- mty, on the vv fide : the head of Chcfa* i3altimore. Suabia,cip talofa name, :n the princi- ig ; fcated on the riburg. . of France, m the er Garonne, fcated 1 s Touloufe. vn of France, in the le, with a late rich e Manic, 16 m shy 3wn of Wales, in .arket on Saturday, Lifa; Tierra del F.fpiritu Santo and Malllcollo, bcfide levcral of lefi note, fotMc of which arc fn.m 18 to a ^ leagues in circuit. In general thfy are high and mountaiiioua, abounding with wood, water, and the ul'ual produt*tior.s of Oie tropical iflands. The inhabitanfs are of very different appearances at different iflands ; and are chiefly of a flendcr make and dark colour, and moftof them have frizzled hair. Their canoes and h'»uie8 arc Im-ill, and poorly conltru(SV- cd ; and, except their arms, they have Icarccly any manufae'turf, not cvt, tor clothing. They are, however, hofpita- ble and goodnaturcd, when not prompt- ed to a contrary conduift by the jea- loufylwhich the unufual appearance of i-nropean vilitors may be fuppofcd to excit(?. Ilfbroitt a town of Syria, in Paleftine, with a Chriftian church, laid to contain the_ tombs of Abraham and Sarah, to which the Mohainedans, as well as Chriftians, come on pilgrimage. Con- ftantine built a church here, the walla of which are ftill Handing. It is ij m sw Jerulidem. Hebron, a town of the diftridt of l\Iaine, in Cumberland county, fituatc on the Little Androl'coggin, 35 ra N by w Portland. li^clmgeft, a town .and caftle of Snabia, which gives name to a branch of the family of Hohenzollcrn, and is the refidence of the prince. It is I'cated on the Starzel, 4 m n Hohenzollern. HechoJ'oa, a town of New Spain, in Sonora, feated on the Hiaqui, 25 m from its mouth in the gulf of Caiiforniai and 44 Nw Guitivii,. Haloy Mount; fee Iceland. Jledemora, a town of Sweden, in Da- lecarlia, with a manufadurc of gun- powder ; fcated on the Dahl, 30 m sse iahlun. Hedon, a borough in E Yorklhire, go- v::rned by a mayor, with a market on Thurfday ; feat< d on a creek of the Humbcr, 6 na e Hull, and 182 n by w Londoji. iherennjeen, a town of Holland, in Friefland, 17 ms by e Lt-wnrden. Hddelbergt a city of Germany, in the circle of Lower Rhine, with a ccJe- mm li MEl Vated univerfity. It has mamifadlures of woollen ftiiffa, carpets, filk (lockings, relvci, and foap. It was the capital of the palatinate, and celebrated for a great tun, which held 800 hogfheads ; biit it has undergone fo many calamities by war and Are, that it is not To large as formerly. The protcftant electoral houfe becomingextindt in 169')) a bloody war enfued, in which the caille was ruined, and the eleflor removed his re- iidence to Manheim. The French took pofll'flion of thin town in i8oo, and in 1803 it wj(8 given lo the eledlor of Baden. It is leated on the Neckar, ov«'r which is a bridge, ij m se Man- hfim, and 5z s Frankfort. Lon. H 38 t, lat. 49 21 N. Heideibergy a town of Pennfyivania, in Dauphine county, with two German churches, 7,^ m e by n Harrifburg, jind 74 WNW Philadelphia. Heila, a town of W Pruffia, oppofite the mouth of the Viftula, on a headland that projc^s into the Baltic, 26 m N Dnntzic. Heilbron, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg. It is a hand* lome place, fituate in a country yield- ing good wine, and derives great advan- tages from its baths. It ftands on the Neckar, 25 m n Stutgacd. Heilbrunn, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Anfpach, with a me- dicinal fpring, 10 m ENE Anfpach. Heilgolandf or Heiligeland, an ifland in the German ocean, 9 m in circuit, ne^irly oppofite the mouths of theEyder, Elbe, and Wefer, belonging to Den- mark. It has one of the mod important lighthoufes in Europe, and pilots are taken on board here by velTels going up either of the three rivers. The inhabit- ants, not lefs than 2ooo,fubfi(l chiefly on fifli and vegetable food/ The houfes arc built in parallel ftreets, the afcent from the lower to the upper being effected by a wooden ftaircafe of 191 fteps. Thcfe fteps arc fo formed that a cow can be driven up ordown them, but not a carriage of any fort is ufed. In iRo/ this ifland was feized by Ihe Britiih. Lon. 8 25 I, lat. 54 8 n. He'tligenbeiU a town of Prullia, in the province of Natangen, famous for fine beer and white bread ; feated on a fmall river, which foon after enters the Frifch HaflF, 3a m sw Konigfl>erg. Heil'tgenbergi a town of Suabia, in the principality of Furftenburg, 12 m nne Conitance. Heiligenhafeny a town of Lower Saxony, in Holfi^ein, feated on the Baltic, oppo- ttstbciflaodof Femeren»4omN Lube« II EL lleiligenfladti 1 town of Lower Sax- ony, capital of the territory of Eichfeld, with a caftlc and a college. It is feated at the conflux of the Geifland with the Leina, 17 m se Gottingen. Lon. 10 i* K, lat. 51 22 N. Ueiljbergt a town of Pruflia, in the province of Ermeland. In 1703, Char ki XM of Sweden fixed here his head qiinrrers. It is feated on the Alia, 45 m s Koniglberg. Lon. 20 30 u, lat. 54 4 N. fielder, a town of N Holland, w., h a ftrdiig fort that defends the entrance of the Texel. In 1799 the fort was taken by the Englifli, and the whole of the Dutch fleet lying in the Texel fur- rtn Jered to them, for the fervicc of the prince of Orange; the Englilh aban- doned the fort loon afterward. It it; fituate on the n w point of the province, oppofite the w end of Texel ifland, J4 Si m N Alcmaer. Lon. 4 34 e, lat. o N. Helena, St. an ifland in the Atlantic ocean, 37 m in circuit, belonging to the Engliih E India company. Jt lies be. tween the continents of Africa and S America, about 1200 m w of the former, and 1800 E of the latter ; and was dif. covered by the Portuguefe, in 1502,011 St. Helena day. Afterward, the Dutch were in pofleflion of it till 1600, when they were expelled by the Englifh. In 1673, the Dutch retook it by furprife; but it was foon after recovered. It has fome high mountains, particularly one called Diana Peak, which is covered with wo<«d to the very top. There are other hills alfo, which bear evident marks of a volcanic origin ; and foms have huge rocks of lava and a kind of half vitrified flags. The chief incon- venience to which the ifland is fubjeA is want of rain ; but it is far from being barren, the interior valleys and little hills being covered with verdure, and interfperfed with gardens, orchards, and various plantations. There are alfo many paftures, filled with cattle and flieep; goats and poultry are likewife numerous. The inhabitants do not ex- ceed 3000, including 500 foldiers and 1600 blacks, who are fupplied with corn and manufactures by the com- pany's fliipe, in return for refreftimenti. The town, called Jameftown, is fituate at the bottom of a bay on the s fide of the ifland, between two deep mountains} and is well defended by forts and bat» tcries. Lon. 5 49 w, lat. 15 55 s. JlfleMy St. a village in Hampfliire, at the E end of the ifle of Wight, a m ne Brading. It has a bay or road of con- wn of Lower Sax- rritory of Eiclifcld, ollege. It is feated Geifland with the ingen. Lon. to i* of PrulTi.i, in the d. In i703,Chark'i ed here his hcail ted on the Alia, 4^ and near it are a variety of manufadures ; particularly an extenlive copper work, and a ftill larger one, at Raveiihead, for catling platc- glafs. The Sankey canal begins at the (Toal mines here, and takes a circuitous courfe by Newton to the Merfcy, below Warrington. Ueiter, St. the capital of the idand of Jcrfey, with a caftle, harbour, .^nd ftrong pier, in the bay of St. Aubin. The town ilands at the e extremity of a long and rocky hill, and is neatly built. It has a commodious and elegant market, lately erected; and at the top of the old mar- ket-place, now the fquarc, is the ftatue of George 11. In the church, where prayers aie read alternately in Englifh and French, is a public monument to the memory of major Picrfon, who fell here in the mo.iieni of vidory: fee Jcr' fey. In the bay, a little e ot the town, is the fma'l iUe of St. Hclier. which took its name from Elerius, or Helier, a holy man who lived here, and wao flain by the pagan Normans. His cell, with the ftone bed, is ftil! (hown among the rocks; and in memory of him a noble abbey was founded. On th^. fite of this abbey now ftands Elifabeih caftle, the rcfidence of the governor and garrifon of Jcrfey. It occupies the whole idand, which is near a mile in circuit, and is furroundod by the fea at every half flood ; and hence, at low water, is a palTage to the town, called the Bridge, half a mile long, formed of fand and ftones. The town of St. Hclier contains about 800 houfes, moftly diops, and above 4000 in- habitants. It has manufadures of woollen ftockings and caps, and a confiderable tradein the Newfoundland tidiery. Lon. 4 10 W, lat. 49 II N. Heliopolis, or Materea, a village of ,^Eypti 4 m E N E Cairo, where the French gained a decifive vidlory over the Turks in 1800. Here is a celebrated fpring of frefli water, faid to be the only one in Egypt ; and, according to tradition, the Holy Family came here on their flight from Herod, and bathed the child Jefus in this fountain. HelUhi or lUllaht a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Irak, fituate on both fldes of the Euphrates, with a bridge of com- munication. It is fuppofed to ftand on partofthe fite of the ancient Babylon, of which the ruins extend feveral miles around. The vicinity is fo covered with fruit trees, particularly palmi, that the II EL town appears ai if ieated in a wood. It is 70 m t Hagdad. JffJ/xate, a llrait near the w end of Long idand found,8 m to.the n n e of New York. It is narrow and crooked, with a bed of rocks extending quite acrofs, which caufe whirlpools and a iremend- ous roaring at certain times of the tide i but, at proper times of the tide, ihip!> of any b^irdcn may be conducted ihrungh thU ftrait by a fkilful pilot. Ilelmerjhaujin, a town of Germany, in Lower HelFe, on the river Diemcl, ao m N Cadel. llelmont, a town of Dutch Brabant, with a ftrong cattle, ft-ated on the Aa, 17 m SE Bois le Due. Utlmjdaley a river of Scotland, which ifl'ues from feveral mountain-lakes in Sutherlanddiire, and rolls over its rocky bottom to the Oril of Caithnels. At ita mouth in the German ocean is a good i'almon (ifhery. Helmjlet/, a town in N Yorkthire, with a market on Saturday. It has the rem.iins of u caftle, and is llaied on the Rye, ao m N York, and ai8 .v by w London. Helmjladt, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Brunl'wick, with a uni- verfity, aa m ne Brunfwick. Helfingburg, a town of Sweden, in Schonen, feated on the Sound, nearly oppttfite Elfinore, to which there is a ferry. Here an; mmufadureo of ri- bands, hat6, and boots ; and in the vici- nity is the only coal mine in Sweden. It is 5 m NK Elfinore, and 3a nw Lund. Lon. I a 40 E, lat. 56 3 n. Helftngfors, a feaport of Sweden, in Finland, and the chief town in the pro- vince of Nyland. It his a commodious harbour in the gulf of Finland, and an immcnfe fortrels called Svcaborg, built on leven Imall idands, three of which communicate by bridges. It is 1 10 m ESE Abo. Lon. as 6 e, lat. 60 10 n. llelfingiat or Hel/mgland, a province ofSwedcn.inNordlunci,: 10 m in length, between Dalecarlia and the gulf of Both- nia, and from 50 to 80 iu breadth. It has extenfive forells and many iron mines. The chief articles of trade are iron, flax, linen, tallow, butter, tar, deal, and timber. Ttie principal town is Hudwickfwald. lleljlont a borough in Cornwall, go- verned by a mayor, with a market on Monday. It ftands on the river Loe, near its entrance into Mount b^y, anr is one of the towr.s appointed for th« coinage of tin. A little below it is a harbour, where veflels take in their lading. It is 1 1 m sw Falmcuth, and ill* ' HI ■MBi h- »74 w by s London. Lon. 5 15 t, lat. 50 a •-'.' Jlel'.'ftia; fee Swifferland- lleivtetjluj/h it itr>ng ff.iport of S Holland, on tlic idind of Voorn. Hen; Ibinc of the Dutch mf-n of war an* laid up in ordinary ; and it if th>' ^ciu'ral port for the Knglilli packits from Har- wich. It is 7 m s by w Uriel. Lon. 4 O K, lat. 5 I 4i N. Hemmenduvf, a town of Lower Sax- ony, in the duchy of Brunfwick, litunte on the Saal, 12 m R Hamelin. HempjUad. or Hemel Hemjled, a cor- porate town in Hi rtfordihire, with a market on Thurl'day ; fcated anion},' hills, on the river Gadc-, iK ra w Hert- ford, and 23 NW London. Hems, a city ofSyrii, furroundfd by Walls 3 m in circuit ; but the prefcnt buildings only take up about a quarter of the area in the nw quarter. To the s ot the town '.< a Kirgc ruined caftle, on a high round mount, faced with ftoni>. It is fcatfd on a fmall river, which runs into the Orontcs, 95 m s Akppo. Lon. 37 70 E, lat. 34 25 N. Ueniir-tcheou, a city of China, I'f the firft rank, in the province ofHou quang. Thft chief manufadlurc ia paper. It is feated on the river lieng, 840 ra ssw Peking. Lon. 1 1 1 40 e, lat. a6 30 n. llenlei/t a town in Oxfordlhue, go- verneil by a ii-iyor, with a market on Wcdnefdciy, Friday, and Saturday. The church is a large ancient building, but the houfes arc modern and the ftrccts fpacious. Tlie principal trade is in corn, flour, malt, and beech wood. It is feated on the Thames, over which is a ftone bridge, 24 m sl Oxford, and 35 w London. Uenleyy or Henley in Arden, a town in Warwickihire, with a market on Tuef- day ; feated on the Abe, 15 m .s by k Birmingham, and loi www London. Henneberg, a town of Upper Saxony, in i. county of the fame name. Some ruins of the caftic of its ancient counts are yet to be feen . It is 4 m .ss w Mein- ungen. Ileanebon, a town of France, in the department of MorLihan, with a great trade in corn, iron, honey, &c. It is feated on the Blavet, 22 m j^jw Vannes. Uenrichemonty a town of France, in the department of Cher, feattd on the Saudre, 15 m nne Bonrges. Henry, Cape, the s cape of Virginia, at the entrance of Chefapeak bay, 14 m to the ssw of Cape Charles. Lon. 76 o w,lat.37 I N. Heppenheim, a town of Germany, in HER till! circle of Lf>wer Rhine, fitur.tc on th- Li/b,ich, J 2 m v. Heidelberg. Ilfmkit ; fee Erekli Herat, a city of IVrlin, the largrft in Chorjfan, of which it was formerly the capital. It covcis an area of 4 liju-ne miles, is encomp.ini-d by a lotty wall and wet ditch, and h.i6 a ilrong citadel. The governor is an Afgan prince, who p.iys a tiibute to the king of Perlia. The ci»y h:i3 littl* |:round unoccupied, and is ellim.iti'd to contain 100,000 iii- hal)iiantt;. The itaple commodities are fillc, fafrp.jn, and afi^ldetida, which ore fcnL to Ilindooflan ; and it is the empo- rium c>f the trade earried on between Cabul, Bokharia, IIindo(;ltan, and iVr- fla. The environs produce excelli nt fruit ; and rolirs arc in inch plenty, tlist it is called Surgult/ar, or the City ot Rnfea. It is fituate on the Herirood, at the s extremity of a rich and extcnlive plain, 300 m st Mcfchcd. Lon. 60 50 F., lat. 34 20 N. Heratilt, a department of France, fo named from a river which runs into the gulf of Lyon. It includes part of the late province of Languedoc ; and the capital is Montpellier. lierbemont, a. town of the Nether- lands, in Luxemburg, with a caftle on a mountain, near the river Scmoy, 3 m WNW Chiny. Herborn, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine, with a celebrated Calvinift academy, and manufactures of iron i ii?atcd on the Dillc, R m sse Dil- lenburg. Herculanettm, an ancient city of V^- pies, totally overwhelmed by an erup- tion of Mount Vefuvius, in the begin- ning of the reign ot emperor Titus. In J 689 and 171 1, fomething of this city was diftovcied ; and from 1738 to the prcfent time, n learches being frequent- ly made by digging, a great number of manuicripts, paintings, ftatues, bufts, domclbc utenfils, inftruments of huf- bandry, &c. have been found. The village of Portici now ftands on part of its fite. Hereford, the capital of Hereford- fhire, and a bifliop's fee, with a market on Wcdneiday, Friday, and Saturday. The city is governed by a mayor, and its chief manufacture is gloves. The caftle, part of the walls, and three of the lix gates arc deitroyed- It has fuiir churches bcfidc the cathedral, fevcral me eting-houfei for diflenters, and a free- fchool endowed with fome exhibitio.ns at each of the univerfities. In I786> the w tower of the cathedral fell dowri} R Rhine, fitur.ttoii ilcidclbcrg. ■// erli.i, tbe larprft In it was formerly the in nrea of 4 rqiMH' cd by a lolty wall h.iii a ftrorig citailcl. Afgan prince, who lie king of Pcrlia. round unoccupied, contain 100,000 in- le commoditifR are iluetida, wliich are and it is the empo- arried on hctwoen iidocltan, and Pcr- produce cxcollnit in iuch plenty, tlist /ar, or the City of OP the Hcrirood, ;it rich and extenlive fchcd. Lon. 60 50 tment of France, fo which runs into the ncludcs part of the angufdoc ; and the cr. wn of the Nether- g, with a caftle on a : river Scmoy, 3 m of Germany, in the ne, with a celebrated and manufa^^tures of : Dille, R m ssEDiU ancient city of Ni- helmed by an erup- Livius, in the begin- cmperor Titus. In nething of this city id from 1738 to the chcs being frequrnt- ',, a great number of ngs, ftatues, bufts, inftrumcnts of huf- been found. The )w ftands on part of ipitai of Hereford- s fee, with a market iday, and SaLurday. :d by a mayor, and ure is gloves. The walls, and three of Itroyed. It has four le cathedral, fevcral liflenters, and a free- th feme exhibitions verfities. In I786> cathedral fell dowp, HER but It has been rebuilt The number of inhabitants was 6ti:H in tSoi, and 7306 in 18 i I. It is feated on the Wye, over whicli is an ancient ftone bridge, 24 m Wbw Worccfter,and 1.35 www London. Lon. a .15 w, lat- 5* 4 n. llerefordjhirey A county of England, bounded on tiie u by Gloucfdcrfliire and Worccfterfliirc, n by Shroplhire, w by Uadnorftiirc and Brecknockfhire, and 8 by Monmouthfhire. It i8 40 m long and 35 broad, containing 611,440 acres; is divided into 11 hundreds, and aso parilhes ; has one city and fcven market-town» ; and lt;nds eight members to parliament. The number of inhabit- ants was 89,191 in iKoi, and 94,073 in j8i !■ The foil is exceedingly lich, pro- ducing excellent corn, hops, and fruit, as is evident from the Lcominftcr brc.ul, Weobly ale, and Herefordlhire cider. The apples producing the cider grow in greater abundance here than in any other county, being plentiful even in the hedge-rows, rhe cattle of Herc- fordftiire are deemed thefupcrior bn;cd in this illand. The fliecp are fmall, af- fording a fine filky wool. The principal rivers are the Wye, Munnow, and Lug. Herencia, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, 48 m sk Toledo. // en a river of the fanne name, near its conflux with the Demer, a m w Maeftricht. Heriemer, a town of New York, chief •f a county of the fame Dame. It is H ER fituatc on the n fide of Mohawk river, ao m PK Whiteftown, and 80 wnw Albany. UermanJJadtt 3 ftrong city, capital of Tranl'ylvania, and a bilhop's fee. It has a large church, built by Maria Thcrefa, with .1 globe and fteeple not eafily defcribed. In the great fquare is the houfe of the governor, in the beft Ger- man ftyle, containing many good pic- tures. It is feated on the Cebcn, 230 m KSE Buda. Lon. 34 ?6 k, lat. 45 43 n. Hnrmbach, a town of France, in the department of Roer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Juliera, 17 ms Juliers. Uermjladtt a town of Silefia, in the principality of VVoIau, on the river Bartch, lo m nw Trachenbcrg. Herngrundy a town of Upper Hun- gary, feated among mountains, with rich mines of copper, 58 m n byK Schcmnitz, Jiern/iut/i, a village in Luiatia, 6 m NNw Zittau. It wjs founded in 1723, by iome perfccuted Moravian brethren in the fields '"^longing to count Zin- zendorf, who ihey confidcred as their biihop and father ; and they were for fome time called Hernhuthers, as this place continued their principal nurfcry, ilernoj'andy a leaport of Sweden, ca- pital of Angermania, and a bifhop's fee* The principal trade is in linen. It ig fituate on an ifland in the gulf of Both- nia, which is joined to the continent by a bridge, 240 m n by w Stockholm. Lon. 17 53 E, lat. 6a 38 N. Heroldjbtrfr^ a town of Franconia, in the territory of Nuremberg, 7 m nne Nuremberg. Herrieden, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Aichftadt, with a col- legiate church, fituute on the Altmuhl, 5 m sw Anfpach. Herjhruci, a town of Franconia, ia the territory of Nuremberg, noted for excellent hops and ftrong beer ; Icated on the Pregnitz, 16 m li Nuremberg. Hntford, a town of N Carolina, chief of Gates county. It ftands on the w fide of the Perquimons, a water of Al- bemarle found, 14 m ne Edenton, and ab ESE Winton. Hertfordj or Hartford, a borough and the capital of Hertfordfhire, with a mar- ket on Saturday. It is feated on the Lea, which is navigable for barges, as it wag once for.fliips. In 879, the Danes ereit- ed two forts here, for the fecurity of their Ihips ; but Alfred turned the courfe of the river, io that their veflels were left on dry ground. Edward, the eldeft fon of Alfred, built a caftle here, yvhich has been often a royal refidence. The town is 'governed by a mayors and had for- l;f 1 1 ■^: : i 1111 ■ '''« r /SiB r 'Sm ' 'i' ;i m ' ' 'M ' !i^ H ti; ;'-pial Kmi ^'^"mmm :^'pH ' ilf ImW' ' ' i^'IH L:«| IKm^h Si <^ ^SskM^^^^^^^^H |>^'^ 1'^ jH^^^H ■ ' * Tlil^^^B Ki^M^H II K S mctly five diurche^. but now only ivvo. Ilcrt' is a fine hofpital belonging to Child's hofpital m London; alfoa no- ble fliire hall, and a large county jjaol. 'J'lie numbcT of inhabitants was ^5360 in iRoi, aixl 39or> in 1811. About a mile to the K is a bafin of water called Chad- well, whiuh is th« head fpring of the New Kivcr. Hertford is ai m N Lou- don. Loll. 01 1:, lat. 51 50 N. Ilertfonijhirf, a county of Knpland, bounded on th«.' nw by Bcdfordfliiro, n by Cimbiicli,'efliir»', k by Kflex, s by Middlc'd'X, and w by Bnckinghamlhire. It is j,6 m long and i8 broad, contain ing 385,280 acres; is divided into eight hundreds, and 134 parifbcs ; has 19 market-towns ; and fends fix mi'mliers to parliamrnl. The number of inhabit- ants wan 97»577 in iSoi.and 1 1 1,654 iii 18 r I. Tlie N part is hilly, forming a fcattfrcd part of the chalky ridge which oxKMuls acrofs the kingdom in this di- redion, A numl)tr of clear ftrcams take tlieir rile from this fide. Flint ftones are foattered in great profulion over the face of tills county } and beds of chalk :iro frequently to be met witb. The foil, luiwcver, with the aid of proper culturf. is favorable to wheat and bar- ley, wliich come to as great pcrfodtion berc as in any part of the kingdom. The w pnrt is, in general, a tolerable lich foil, and under excellent cultivation. The principal rivers are, the Lea, Stort, and Coin, and the artificial one called the New River. IlertxlhT^, a town of Lower Saxony, in the principality of Grubenhagen, with mannfaiflures of arms and iron tools ; feated near the Hartz mountain, J 7 m ssw Gofl;ir. llertzberg, a town of the duchy of Saxony, with a trade in faltpetre, wool, and cloths; leated on the Elfter, 14 m NNE Torg.HU. Ilerve, a town of theNetherhnds, in the duchy of Limburg, 9 m wnw Lim- burg. Jltrxgovina^ a fortified town of Turk- ifh Dilmatin, capita', of a duchy of the fame name, anrl the refideuce of .iTurk- ifh governor. It is 80 m ssw Belgrade. Ilrfdif!, a ftroiig town of Frsncp, in the departirent of Pas de ("alnis, feated on the Canche, la m s£ Mon'ircuil. il.-Jfd^ a country of Germany, in the circle < t Upper Rhine; bouirlcd on the N liy llie principality of P<)derboni and duchy of B>unfwick, i'. by Thuiirgia, s by Fiildaaud VVetteravia.anii v. by V\ < ft- erwald, the dueiiy of VVtdphalia. and county of Waldeck- It is divided into Upper and Lower Ileflc : the latter, HIE which ic the northern part, lies on the rivers Werra, Fulda, »Schwalm. Dieme), and Wefrr, and is fubjcd to lleiro-Caf- sel ; and the former, or fouthern part, lies on the Lahn, awd belongs prin- cipally to I Lfft'Darmftudr 'Itielif are the two principal branches of ihe hoiili? of Heire, and each otthem has thi: title of landgrave. This country is fur- lounded by woods and mountains, in which are mines of iron and copper. In the middle are fine plains, fertile in corn and pallure ; and there Is plenty of honey and all forts of fruit. Hops are likewife cultivated, which fcrve to make excellent beer ; and birch-trees are very common, from the fap of which a deal of wine is made. Iltiikeluni, or I/oeke/un, a town of S Holland, feated on the Linghe, 5 m nk Gorcum. Ueufden, a (Irong town of S Holland, feated on the Meuff, with a cuftlc. It is 8 m NW Hois le Due. Jhx/invt, .l belones prin- ftiidt. 'I heir are ;iche« of tlx' hoiifh Ihcm has tht: title country is fur- nd mountains, in >ii and copper. In plains, icrtile in J ther«'is ulcniy of fruit. Hops are hich fcrve to make irch-trces are very ip of which a deal elun^ a towti of S e Linghe, 5 m nb awn of S Holland, , with a caftlc. It ic. Northumu rland, leUluy, and a trade les, and gloves. It 10U8 abbey, Ibme emain. Near thii buttle between the l.anca(ler, in which ated. Hexham is ^ne, a» m w New- London. n of Snabia, in the g, with a caftle on n NNE Ulm. vnofFranconia,on s Wurtzburg. n of France, in the lately of Germany, olognc; fituateon ogne. ugh in Wiltfliirc, irket, feated on the alifbury, and 92 w uy. of France, in the ately of Germany, Treves. It has a nvent, and is feated Treves. Sweden, lying be- enner and Maelar. t{ broad in the mid- iich narrower. Its lows by Eikilfluna lake Maeler. France, in the d«- ed near the Medi- its harbour being w much decayed. IlIL Wtereu a cluftci of iflands in the Me- diterranean, on the coaft of Fance, op- polite the town of Ilieres. The four t)rincipal ones are called Potqucrollo'i, 'ortcrosi, Bagueau, and Titan, which lalt is the lirgcft. Between thefe iflands and the continent is thf road of Ilieres, which is lb capacious and excellent that it has afforded flielter for large fqua- drons. It is defended by three forts. li'wro ; fee I'erro. Iliejmejy a town of I'rance, in the de- partment of Ornc, feated on a barren mouniain, 10 m from Seez, and 90 w I'aris. JJifj/iam /vrr^rj, a borough in North- amptonflitre, gov«-rncd by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It had formerly a cadle, now in ruins ; and is feated on the lide of a hill, by the river Nen, 25 m ESK Coventry, and 6j nnw London. lligligatey a village in Middlcfcx, feat- ed on a hill, 4 m n by w London. Here lord chief baron Cholmondely built a frecfchool in 1562, which was enlarged, in 1570, by Sandys, bilhop of London, who alfo added a chapel. Highiuorth, a town in Wiltlhire, go- ▼erned by a mayor, with a market on Wednefday ; feated ( n a hill, in a rich plain, 36 m N Salilbi 7, and 77 V' Lon- don. Higuey, a town of St. Domingo, with a handfome and rich church, in which is the fhrine of a miraculous virgin, much vifited in pilgrimage. It is fituate near the mouth of a river of the iame name, 90 m e by n St. Domingo. Lon. 6H 30 w, lat. 18 30 N. Uilburghaufen, a town of Upper Sax- ony, in the principality of Coburg- The dukeofSaxe-Hilburghaufen hasapahce here. It is feated on the Werra, 18 m NNW Cobnrg. Hilde/heimt a city of Lower Saxony, capital of a principality of the fame name. It was lately an imperial city, and a bilhop's fee It is divided into the old and new town, and feated on the Irnefte, 17 m sse Hanover. Lon. 10 3 E, lat. 5a 9 N. Uillahi keJIelleh. Hiljborought an inland diftriifl of N Carolina, comprehending the counties of Granville, Pearfon, Cafwell, Orange, Wake, Chatham, and KanJulph. Hiljboroughy a town of N Carolina, in Orange county, capital of the diftridt of its name. It (tands on the n fide of the £no, which unites with the Little and Flat rivers, and forms the Neus, 17 m below the town. It is 35 m nvv Ralegh. Lon. 79 15 w, lat. 36 a n. Biljhoroughy a borough of Ireland, in IIIN the county of Down, with a manii* failure of muflins, 24 m nne Newry. Ilinifnale/i, a chain of mountains in Afia, which extends from Cabul along the N of Hindooftan, and is the general boundury of Tibet, through the whole extent from the Ganges to the river Tefta ; enclofing between it and Hin- dooftan, a trait of country from ico to iKo u\ ill breidth, divided into a num- ber of finall (\ate8, which are undcrftood to be either tributaries or feudatories of Tibet; fiich as Sirinagur, Napaul, &:c. This ridge is precilely that defigned by the ancients, under the names of Imaus and the Indian Caiicafiis. The natives call it Hindoo- ko (the Indian mountains) as well as Himmaleh ; which laR is a Sanfcrit word, fignifying fnoruiy; its fummit being covered with fnow. Mine hlnbr 00k Ijle, one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 16IJ 38 E, lat. 17 25 s. Ilinckleyy a town in Leicefterflure, governed by a mayor, with a market on Monday. It has a large church, with a lofty fpire; and had formerly a caftle and walls, traces of which are Hill tu be feen. Here is a confiderable manufac- ture of common ftocklngs. The num- ber of inhabitants was 5070 in 1801, and 5386 in iBti- It is feated on an emi- nence, 12 m sw Lcicefttr, and 99 nnw London. liinrielopfn, a town of Holland, in Friefland, ioated on the Zuiderzee, ai m ssw Lewarden. Hindia, a town of Hindooftan, capi- tal of a country of the fame name, in Candeifh. It is fituate on the Ner- hudda, 90m NNE Burhanpour. Lon. 77 10 R, lat. 22 .15 N. llinloperiy Cape, a capeofN America, on the s fule ot the mouth of the Dela- ware- Lon. 75 2 v\ , lal. 38 47 n. JhndoihA b(n-ough in Wiltlhire, with a market on Thurfday, 20 m w Salif- bury, and 97 w by s London. ilindoo-kt ; fi;e Uimmaleh' Uindcnftant or Indian a region of Afia, which cuinprifes all the countiies be- tween the mountons of Tartary and Tibet on the Cafi'iy oil the Baotan, AITim, and the Indian ocean on the s, and ihe lanie ocean and Perfia on t'le w. Biit this countiy muft hv con- fidered uiiJer the- three grand divifions of Hindooftan Pnper, the Dccc-in, and the Peiiiiiiula. Hiiidonft.in Piupcr in- cludes the provinces of Bengal, Baha, and all thofe th.it lie to the \m>\0\ .;f the river Nerbii^M.i; the principal of winch are Agmeie, .A;:r.i, Ai .i''alnd, C ih- meie, Delhi, Guztrai, L.iliore, Mal'f.^, . r:J )\ Ijt »'l Y- #1 MoulUii, Oiiitc, Kohilciind, Siiuly. 'J'lic Dcccaii lus bofii cxtnid»-d to tl i* whole ti'gion s of Hiiiilond.Mi Prujx i ; but in itit iiiofl rLllritfk'd lend; it mriiiia only the ('onntrii'K litii.itc between llin- • loiillaii Piopcr and ihe river Kiltn.i; tlirri; an- Candcilli, DowUt.il),ul, Ucrar. Orilfj, the CiriMm, the chirt" part of (iDlcMhda, \'iiiapoi r, and Concaii. Tliu tradt « ot thfff, or the rivt-r Killnu, is gciirrally called the Pcnindila; although >t» form di)t's not authori/r that appel- lation : it incliideB a Ima!! part ot Gol- coiid.i, Mylorc, and the Carnatic, with Madura, and other Imaller diltrietH ; the wco;ift being called that of Malabar, and the t that ot Coromandci. 'I'lie princi- pal rivers oi this extenlive region pre the GangfH, Bnrrampooter, Indiif, imma, I'udda, NeibiKltla, T. ' GoiiaTcry. Kidna, Ptnnar.andCa. J , cliicf mountiiitvs art thole of .. ima tt and the Gauts. To give an uea ox ♦' » modern revolutions in the empire ; . Hindooflan, it is proper to obferve, that from a pure Hindoo government, it be- came, at Uft, a Mohamedan ftate, and continued to be fo, under varioii- dy- nafties, till the beginning of the iHth century. The firft irruption of the MohamcdanB was in the year tooo. From this period tin? provinces of Hin- doollan were held rather as tributary kingdoms, than as provinces of the iamc empire ; and the conquefl of the Dcccan, in particular, was for ages an objed of conliderable importance to the emperors. In IJ89, the Mongul Tartars, under the condud of Timur, or Tamerlane, invaded Hindooftan; but the conj^ueft of the country was not ef- fedled till 1525, by lultan B.iber, one of his defcendants, who, from this circuni- ftance, was the founder of the Mongul dynally ; and hence Hindooflan has been called the Mongul empire, and its chief, thf Great Mogul. The illiif- trious Ac bar, his fon, failed in his at- tack upon the Deccan ; an attempt in which many of his fucceflbrs were equal- ly unfortunate, and which tended, in the fequel, to the decline and diflblu- tion of the empire. In 1615, emperor Jehanguir, his fon, received fir Thomas Roe, as the firft Englifli ami)anador ; and the Portuguefe had, by this time, acquired confiderable fcttlements in Bengal and Guzcrat. In the reign of his grandfon Aurungzebe, which lafted from 1660 to 1707, the empire attained its full extent : his authority reached from 10 to 35 degrees in lat. and nearly as much in Ion. and his revenue exceed- ed 32,ooo;Oool. fterling. But in th6 ni N courfe of 50 years after his death, a AiC' crlfion of weak prnices ami wicked mi- niftt'ia reduced thi:) aftunilK'ug eiiipitp to very nairow hmitn, and deprived it of all its power and Iplendor. In con- f(.''|uencc of the intii^nesuf the ni/am of the Dcccan, Na«lir Shah, the Perfiuii uUirpcr, invaded Hindooflan in 1738. The weak cmper«»r, Molianied Shah, threw hinif.'lf on the clemency of the invader, who entered Delhi, and de- manded thirty niillii;ni4 lb;rling by way of 'aiiloni. Nadir, afterward, evacii. atecl Delhi, and left the nizam in polli-f- lion of the whole remaining; power of the rrnpirc, which he faciificed to his own views in the Deccan, where he ellablilhed an independent kingdom. Mohamcd Shah died in 1747, having fecn the Carnatic and Bengal become likevvife independent, under their ro- I'peetivi; nabobs; an independent ftate too formed by tl. : RohillasU tribe from the mountains betveen India and Perfia) on the E of the G. nges, wilhin 80 m of Delhi ; and the kingdom of Can- dahar ere(*led by Abdalla, one of the generals of Nadir Shah. Ahir.ed Shah, the ion of Mchamed, fuccecdcd ; in whofe reign the entire divifion of tiic empire took place ; nothing remaining to the houfc of Tamerlane but the city and fmall territory of Delhi. The laft imperial army was defeated by the Ro- hillas, in i74(;. The Jats, a Hindoo tribe, founded a ftate in Agra ; Oude was leized by Mohamcd Kooli ; and the Mahrattas, belide their ancient domains in the Deccan, obtained great part of Malwa, Guzerat, Berar, and Orilla. The .M( iigul empire was now become merely nominal ; and the em- perors, from this period, muft be re- garded as of no political confequence, otherwift. than as their names and per- lons were made ufe of, by different par- ties, to promote their own views j for the name and pcrfon of the emperor retains a confiderable degree of venera- tion among the bulk of the people in Hindooftan. Ahmed was depoled in 1753, and his fuccefTor was depofed and murdered in 1760. He was fuc- ceeded, however, by his fon Shah Ah- lum, who was alternately dependent on the contending powers, and more parti- cularly upon the Englifh, who obtained from him a grant of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, Orifla, and the Circars. This prince died in 1806, and was liic- ceeded by his fecond Ion, Ackber Shah. Hindooftan now confifts of five princi- pal ftates, which hold as tributaries, or fcudatorieS) fome numerous inferior ' Itis death, a AlC* i ami wickcil mi- luniiK'iiy cii.pin- , jiul drprivctl it )iciiiior. Ill con- iica of llic ni/.am Sli.ili, thi- Pcrl'iaii idoollan in 17,58. Moliaraed Sluih, clemency of thf I Dcll>i, and dc- is lltrling by way iftcrwiud, cvai;u- c nizan\ in polVt-f- nainin^j power of : faciiticed to liis )iccan, wlurc he iiiidcnl kingdom. 1 in 1747* having d BtMiKal become ;, under their rc- iiidependcnt ftaie ihillasutrihi'froin ;n India and I'crha) igc8, wiiliiii 80 m kingdom of Can- jdalla, one of the ah. Ahtr.ed Sh.ih, :d, fuccceded ; in in; divilion of tnc nothing remaining icrlanc but the city f Delhi. The lad efeatid l)y the Ro- ic Jats, a Hindoo ;c in Agra; Oudc amcd Kooli ; and ide their ancient an, obtained great zerat, Bcrar, and il empire was now iual ; and the em- eriod, mud be re- itical conlequencc, cir names and pcr- jf, by different par- ;ir own views; for M\ of the emperor c degree of venera- k of ihe people in d wab depoled in eflbr was depofed 760. He was fuc- his fon Shah Ah- .ately dependent on ers, and more parti- glilh, who obtained [ii the provinces of Fa, and the Circars. 1B06, and wasiuc- J ion, Ackber Shah, nfifts of five princi- ild as tributaries, or numerous inferior ft.itf*. Thcff five ftafes ^re, the Britiili, tht; Pooii.ii. M.ihr.itt.iH, thr Dcr.ii N'ah- rattai, the niz.ini ot tlie Dcccan, and the Sfiki : fi)'-, wli.ii'/vcr vcrlv.l diltiniilions may he m ulc.acomptiltivc alliance ii hi leaik adeprn.lent, ifniii a iilh Ljpylitua- lion. Tile Hiifiih poUMlinns ate licn;,'al, Bahar, UanHTc^, the CIrc.:r«.the Jaghiir, Uonilny, i^aliltie, tlic diftiid of Mid- tiapour Ml Orillai and lome others in Myforc. The allici oMltc llrit'lli. w!m) m.'y arc foi hidden to in..'r- marry, to cohabit, to eit with each orher, or even to dritUc out of the lame vellel with one of another tribe. Every deviation from thele points Tub; 'ita them to be rejee^cd by their tribe, rendt rs them polluted lor eve ">nd ob- liges them, from that initant, <.o herd with the Hallachores. The members of each caft adhere invariably to the profcllion of their forefathers : from generation to generation the liime fa- milies have followed, and ftill continue to f'lllow, one uniform manner of life. To this may be afcribed that high de- gree of perfedion confpicuous in many of the Indian maiuifaitures; and alio that (li iking peculiarity in the ftate of t-lindnoilan, the permanence of its iii- ftitutions, and the immutability in the manners of the inhabitants. Ilcnce it is, that the Hindoos admit no converts, nor are themfelves ever converted, whatever the Roman miflioiiaiies may pretend. The Hallachores may be here excepted, who are glad to be ad- mitted into any fociety where they arc treated as fellow creaturej. The Hindoos vie with the Chinefe, in rc- fpedt to the antiquity of their nation ; and the doilrine of tranlniigration is one of their diftinguidiing tenets- Their inftitutions of religion form a complete fyftem of fuperftition, upheld by every thing which can excite the reverence of the people. The temples confccratcd to their deities are magiulicent ; their religious ceremonies Iplcndid; and the abfolule dominion which the Bramins \M K\ i m * I.. :tti A- m m' ■ 111 M buve ohtainrtl «»vir the mindi of tliff pi c, to liipporti'd by the romm.iiul of the iminfiilt' r«rvi*iuirj«, with which th«* lilienhiy of prince*, uiul the y,*Ml of pilKrinu an, notwiihllaiutlnK the punilhincnt of it iu .imputation ofonth h'Uidi. The climate promotci vegeta- tion to I'uch a degree ah requires little toil, but that Itttio \i dn. icd; li) that, beyotkl oran^^i'K, l< ing facrcd to the women. Lun. 44 4R k, lat. 12 14 s. Ilio, a town of Sweden, in W Goth- land, on the w fid .• of the lake Wetter, |o m ESK Sk ira. Iliorrifr^, a town of Denm.irk, in N Jutland, 27 m N nv. Alliurg. ilirj'chberg, a town of Silclia, in the principality of Janer, famous for its mineral baths. In the neigiibourhood are extenfivc bleacliing prounds, and next to Breflau it is the irioll coiiiidera- ble trading town in Silcfia. It is fcated on the !^ol)cr, 20 m sw Jauer. Lon. 15 j4 t. lat. 5048 u. HirychfeU, a tovvn of Germany, in Lower llelTe, capital of a priiiCipaiity of the Time name, dcpenuirijc on a fa- tuous abbey, wiiich was fectilari/ed in favour of till! hoiile of Iblle-Cairtl. It is li-ated on the Fnlda, 35 m s by l Caffcl, Lon. 9 42 K, lat. 50 50 N. Hir/c/iorn fii town of Germany, In the circle ot Lower Rhine, wiili a caltlc ; feated on the Ncckar, 8 m K Heidelberg. ll'trfcholm, a town of Denmark, in the illuKi of Zealand, with u caftle, la ni N Copenhagen. Hij'/xtuiolci ; lie Dow:'i^o, St- Hijjar, a town of HinJooftaii, i' the couniiy of Delhi, fi attil near the river Surfuory, 1 la m wnw Delhi- Lon- 75 40 E, lat. 29 5 N. Hit, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 110 Ir.ak, near which is a fpring nrnaphtbi and liitumrn. It (lands cm a river of tht fame name, which foon al>er Joins tht iluohrates, 110 m w B.^gdad. Iltichin, a town in llertfordOiire, with a market on Tuffdiy, and a great trade in malt. 15 m nnw Hertford, und ^4 Mw I,ondon. Uitht, a borough In Kent, with a market on SuuriUy. It m one of th« Cinquf Porti, govrrueil by a mayor, and hai a fmallfort. Niar it are the remains of Saltwood caUlc, now turned into a farm-houfe, barns, inc. liithf had formeily four parilhr*, but now onlf one ( and the harbour iit choked np. It is 10 m wiw Dover, and 6H sk London. Ilodi-Ainj^, a c'tf of ('hina, of the firlt rank, m the province of Ho-nan( ]ao m sw Peking. Lnn. 1 1 2 14 k, lat. 35 ^ N. Itotii-nxon, a city of Chin.i, of the firlt rank, in the province of Kiang-nan t feated in a marlh, and enclofed by a triple Wall. The I'ubuilis extend to the diitance t>f a league on each lideofa canal, and form, at their, extremity, • kind of port on the Hoan-ho. It is 41$ in 8.sf. Peking. Lon- 118 47 x, lat. 5.» ,^«> N' Unang-tcfieoUf a city of China, of the lirlt rank, in the province of Hou- i|'i.ing. ft is feated on the Kian-ku, 585 m s Peking. Lon. 114 17 v., lat. 38 ,^0 V, ilonH'hOf a large rivpr of Afn, nlfo called th«* Yellow Kiver, from the quantity of clay which it devolveii. Ita foiitces are twtt lakes fituate among the mountains of that part of Tartary known by the name of Kokonor, in about 35 N lat. It purfues a ne di- n(^ii()n to .ibout 41 n lat. and after running due k it fuddeiily bends s, penetrating China to a latitude nearly parallel to its fource, and then purfues an eafttrly iiireCitiou till it enters the Lallern ocean, ico m to the n of the iTiniith of thr Kian-ku. Its coutfe is el'timatcd at 2000 rn. At yo m from the lea, where it is crofTcd by the great canal, the breadth is little mon' tlun a mile; but it is Co rapid and Ihillow as to !,!• I'earcely navigable lloc/ihergt an ancient caftle of Suabia« in Biilgau, wlich gives name to a mnr- (liiilate, annexed to the niargravute of liaden-Durlacli It is litnate on a moun- tain, 2 m Nu Knimtiidincen, which is the principal town. lIochjK a town of Germany, in the late electorati! of Ment/,, feated on the Maine, 6 m w I'rankfort. Uoshjiat, a town and caftle of Ba- 'ID ' I tl 1 A' ■7 Vf '■ ,1 tli '' r!r4 h '*) i i H o n tchti ramnu* for 4 iW'nl vi^ory Kaincd fir«rii Uy tli« '1iil« <)> M4rllN)rouK^i, iit 1701, iiiitl tvhicti ilitf Kii||liili c«ll the b.UtTr tit Ultnheim, frutn a vilt.it(C 5 iii ^v^ of thi« |)lice. ft U rciti^d on ihr Danub^i 17 m mtiw Donawrrt. H»eff/lah a town ami C4(llc of Fran* CUiii.i, III the princip.ility of Ramhcixi on the fivrr Aifili, i\ n\ •• .v> Hiiinli'*t'g. lloJJi-iiioH, a town in licrtlor(ll))iir» with I la.irkL-t on 'I'litirdl ly, (r ttcit nr.ir lb« rivrr I.ta, 4 m m llcitiordf antt 17 N by I I.otutoii liiultnlti, alownof Auhiai in Y<'nifii, with 1 hjrbonr fur finall vcflVli. on the Krd fcA, 90 ni N N w Mocha. Lon. 4j jo K, l.it. 14 10 N. lioeiiJirtti, • city of < liina. of Jlu* flrft rank, in ihc prov nrf <»» Ki.m'Miin. It U f.intoui for tr», varnith, iind Jjpa)) .MP*"* . hon- aed worit . .Mid ii 6if m k Peking 118 1 I, lal iq y/ n. Iloei tchfOH. .1 city of Cliinai of tlic firilraiik, in tin* pmvinir of Q2i;inj,'ton. It i« loiu in 1 Pwking. Loii. iij5Hr, lat. 3,1 IN. HttktluH ; fp*- Uruktluni, Hqfft a town of Fi.iiicoiiia, in the prlncip.ilit) of HiVKuth, with m.inu- l,»k'hir«*N of cotton, linen, iitut finrptp^r. Tho .idj.icTnt country \l^* iinatrlfu of exci-llcnt m.p t)lc It liands on the S.i.il, ji m NNK IJ.iyroulh llcff, « (wwn ol Mu'avi,i, in the tir- cl« lit' Olniiiti , wilii a grfat trade in wool, 1,^ m N« Oinuitz. floifiir, C.i/'f Illy tlic NW jioiiit of Noimandv, mar wliich .ulinirai Kooke burnt !3 I'mitk 'm'n of war, in 1^19;. Lon. 1 ,s» ^'^ ''lc of its ancient counts llofx! clolV' by the vil- Jag»' of Ilr'.ich, iitMr Ulfcnhcim. The chief town is Ohringen. lloh,>n>i,iuf, J. town of Bohemia, on {he liver Mtyta. 13 ni f. Chrudim. llohenJ},in, an ancient callleof Upper Saxony, 10 'I'hurinjiia, which ^rivcs narn- to a connty. It i;; fiinaU' on a monntiin, it tht: foot of which i.i the village of Nciiltadt, 5 m nne Noid ban ten. Jlo/ie^twcif, a fortrefs of Snabii, fur. rounded Ly the county of Nellcnburg. nor. It! fortiAcationi wcrr drdroynl by iUf Frrnch 111 il >« It Hindi on a moun- tain, () in RMk Schafl'hauirii. lUhtHxolUrtif a town of Suable, in 4 piini-ipallty af ihc famr n.-inu-, with a calcic on a monntiin, tlic frat of the ancient counti of llmhen/ollrrn. It la fcatrd on it br^nelt of the Ncckar, 16 ni • by w 'lubingi-n. Lon 9 ^ Ki lat. 4H ;H N. Uxhitjltint a town of Iffiprr flaaony, ill Milnii, on the river Muldai u ni Ni /wickan. IbhitHt a city of China, of the (Irft rank, in tb<* provinci- of lV*tchcli. It U litnate bciwetn two nveri, 8j m f Prl'nj.'. Loii 116 aj K, lit. j8 40 N. lh)Li, a I'lwn of Uriand, jt the mouth ol .1 river, 01. ihi N coail- Lon. 19 a» w, Ut 65 4«» M. H(.!t)nuh, a town In Llncolnfliirr, will) a market on Thnrtd.iy, i* in s by >: HdUun, uml i,>.^ n by u r.ond«Hi. Htlhttk, a feaport of l)fnniiirl<, in Zca'anil. with a good lurbuiir, from which ^rrat (pi.nititici of coman-cx- rorted. It it f9 m w Copenhagen. Lon. 1 1 44 K, bit. 55 42 N. Ihlbeck, a town* of W Yorkfhire, In the liberty of Lieda. Tho inh.ibitanti were 4i<;i in iil*t, and 5 114 in 18 1 1. HoUjuuijithy, a town in Devonlhiri*, with a rnarl< » an(l 100 from w to e; bounded on the w and N by the German ocean, E by W« llphalia, and s by Liejfr* and Hiabant, or IJrJgium. It CO! fill I of fcvcn priivinccfl, namely Holland, Cu:ld«*rland, Zealand, Utrethti riiella'..', OveryflTel, and Gronineen ; and what wan called the Land of Ihr Generality, or Dutch Mrab.int. They weic lately rtyled the Vnitcd Provinces of the Sethtrlands, Tliis country was a part of that inhabited by the ancient l)at.>vi : it is nfuaily called Holland, fiorn ihc n;imf of the principal pro- vinee; which fiijnifies a hollow, or low country. The piiiicipal rivers are the RIni.e, M nfc^ Dommel, Waal, YfTel, Schel'li, aii.l V ctcht. Holland affords a fhihing proof, that pcrfevering induflry is capal-le of cortpieilng eveiy difad- vint'.gf oF climate and fiiuation. The air and water are nearly Kjuallybad; the foil produces naturally lea^ccly any thing but turf; and th« poffrfTrn of thij very foil in difputed by the ocean, which, rifing conAdvrably above the ilrdroyoil by xUtt tndi uii A muuii* illtril. II itf SiiaMi. it) 4 i\c n»nu-, with « the Trat uf the icn/ollrrn. It it tlic Ncckar, i6 I.on 9 K K, lat. if Upprr Sanonyt .r Multliii II m jttittR, of the Hrll )f IV.tchcli. Itiit rlvf.ri, H5 m • R, lit. iH 40 N- iMil, jtthc nmuth all. Lull. 19 to ill Llncolnflilrc, rfj.iy, li tn 1 by )y u T.oiuloii. of Dcnniarli, In id liiirboiir, from s of cotn an- cx- w Copenhagen. 42 N. ' W Yorkftiire, in Tlio inh.ibitaiitl (\$ 134 ill lUi I. k-ii in Dfvotilhirc, urd;iy, f»*atcd be- jf the Tnmar, 43 uid 214 w by I Sithnrloiuhf a cxteiuliiig 150 m o from w to E ; N by the German lialia, and s by or l^cigium. It rnvincts, namely Zealand, Utrecht, and Groninecn; the Land of Ihr \ Brabant. They Vnitcil Provinces Tliis country was led by the ancient called Holland, he principal pro- , a hollow, or low pal rivers are the rr.cl, Waal, Yfltl, Holland afiords a ;rfevcring indiiftry ■ling every difad- id lituation. The Illy Kiually bad; iially ita'cely any the poiTrni n of ted by the ocean, crably above the tfvfl of the Und, i« prefrnl«'d from ovrrflnwIiiK it only by eip-4iit tiTfltory one of flu* ru-heik ip'it* in Kitropr, with xtt[tti\ to popiilatloti and pro|>frly. Amont( the molt vitiu- hie n itui.d priHluJtion* of the country miy be rt'ckon'-d ll« r»c««llent C4tll»' • .oiiilarKe <|ii.irititi<*« < f m.idder are ex- ported, chirlly (-iiltiv4led ill ZctUnd. Th'* piiiicip.il revrniii' .«riU< fioni th'- herring, cod, .ind wh iti* lilluiir* i but thrif are not fo coiilidcr^blf .•» ft»r- m rly The Dutch traih-, though inncli n duced, it ftill coiiliderable, and thi ir country wai. a» it wi-i*', the univrrlal wirchoiifc of the comininlilie* ol every •piiru'r ol the kIoIk- Their Aflatic poir<'nion-iar«' the co.iftiof lava, tlirc.i- pital of which i« Hat ivi.i, tin* iVai ol tlio icovrrnor-geiwral of all their Kaf\ Indiii l'«'ttlomi'nt» ; fome rfttlcm<'nt» on \\- coadt ofSuiii.itra, Malabar, and Corn inandel { the greatrft part ol the MoUu • c.i« or Splcc iilaiuW \ and fctlknunis of fadtorie* in the iflaiid of Celcl - <, at Sii- rat, and in the ((iilfof Poili 1. In Afiic.i, the Dutch have the Capi? of (Jood Hope, with fcvcral fort< and fa«.Mr the Zuiiier zee, f of the ilc'taolu'd pArl of Diirhati, called 1!1 mdlhirc, 8 tn to the st of Ui-rvvick. It is -j m Ion;? a:i(l 2 broad, th^' liil rocky and liill of ftoues, and at low water acci'flil)lc l>y horfes and citTi.iv^fs. I' ha sa town called Ivylo, and a ciltle on a high rock, tinder which in a cam- modioiis haihaiir, defends \ h/ a block- lionfe. On this illuid arc conlidv:rahie remains of a ftalidy monalleiy. called I/indisf irut*, of which t!'c celcbrati'd St. Ciithbert was prior 12 years ; and iu'ie 'A'.is anciently a bilhop's (ci*, rciiiov.'d, with thi! body of St. Cnlhberl, firft to Chclicr le Street, and afterward to Durham. lloh/head, a It'iport of Wah^s, and the largeft town in th'? ill.' of Anj,'U^fea, with a mirket on S,iti:.-day. It rtands at the ^v extremity of the 'Tan !, on a capo that is fcparatcd from ;. reft of the illand by ." narrow chu , over which is a bridge, and hence is called Holyhead Ilhnd. I( is the niofl iilnal place of embarkation for Dublin, being the ftation of the packet boats lo and from that cit/, diftant about ao L-agiits. The number of inhabitants was 113a in I8.-1I, and 3005 in 181 1. In the ncigh- brurhood is a large vein of white ful- lers earth, and another of yellow. On S II ill; nd, which forms one fi le i,f the harbour, is a lighthoufe; and on the ide of Skerries, 9 m to the n, is another. Holyhead is 88 m w by n Chefter, and 26s NW London. Lon. 4 40 w, lat. 53 Holi/ivell, a town of W.des, in Flint- fliire, with a market on Friday. From its vicinity to the mines, it is become the largeft town in the county. It takes its name from the famous well of St. Winifred, concerning which (omany fables and fuperftitious notions have prevailed. It is a copions ftream, hurft- ing out of the ground with great injpe- tuofity, at the foot of a hill. Beikle the cold bath, celebrated for wonderful cures, formed at the (pring-head, and covered with a beautiful fluine, it is now applied to the purpofe of turning feveral mills for the working of copper, making brafs wire, paper, sndfnufF, andipinning cotton. The number of inhabitants n o N wa>« 5567 i'l i8ui, and 6.^94 in i8u. Ii Itands near th" ellu.iiyol the Dee, lo ni K by N at. Alaph. and jo8 wu L.m- dtit. Lon. 3 }i w, l.it J54 I ^ N. i/c/i«,V^/, a town of VV'<'rtphalia, ca- piial of a county of the fame name. It ii iiiuat .• ou tilt: Lahn, at the foot of d. m >uiitain, on which is tiie tower of an a;icicnl e.iftle, tlie orij,'inal feat of \h^ prini-es ot .N'rWIan, 4 n\ nk N.iHau. lloi tmuinleii, w town of Lower Sax- ony, in the duchy of Wolfenbuttlc, feated at the euuniix of the llolz with the \V(fcr, j8 la N.v Ci .ttingen. Ilombuiir, a town of Geiinany, in Wetteravia, with a caftle, and a gl.d'u manufadture, 8 m n Frankfort. ifomlui-ir, a t> wn of Germany, in H''lHrCain.d, wi;[i au iron forge, aud a glafs m nuifaiJturc, 20 in s Calfel. lloniLwi^, a town of Wcftphalia, in tlie (hiehy of Berg, 48 m sk DufFeld xf. Ihjmhur^, a town of Fram.c, in ilie de- pirtmeiit of Mont Tonnerre, lately of G.-rmany, in the duchy of Deu\ Ponts ; (eated on a mountain, 5 \\\ h Deux Ponts. Ih-nan, a province of China, bound- ed on the N by I'e-tcheii and Clian-fi, K by Kiang-fi and Coentong, b by Hoii- quang, and w by Ch.nfi. As every thing that can contiibntc to render a country delightful is found in this pro- vince, the Cliinelc call ii Tongdioa, the Jliddle Flower ; being litnate nimott in the ceuiie of China. IJefide Cai- fong, the capital, it contains fvea cities of the Hrft clafs, and 102 of the fecund and third. liop.an, a city of China, of the firil dais, in the province of lio-uan. Il is 360 msw Peking. Lon. lu 9 e, lat. 34 44 N. Ilotiawera^ or Onure, a town of Hin- dooltan, in Canara, feated on an inlet of the fea, which fiireads into a lake, and includes a number of iflands. It was formerly a place of great commerce, but demolilhed by Tippjo after lie had recovered it by the; treaty of .Manga- lore. Here is now h cultomhoulf.-, and a few fliopii, alfo fome merchants, who live fcattered near the banks of the lake, and fell rice, pepper, cocoa and betel-nuts, &c. to the trading vefleli that come from Goa, Rajapura, and Bombay. It is 50 m n by Kunda- pura, and 84 sse Goa. tltindtfchoottf a town of France, ia the department of Nord, 7 m SE Dun- kirk. Honduras^ a province of New Spain, 490 m long and 150 broad; bounded ou the w by a bay of its name, b by the 'm\ ■vm II BBlUL M ■ 1 1 m •T '4 t"!! "^■l .Al li HOP Atlantic, 8 by Nicaragua, and w by Guatiniala and Vera Paz The coun- try contifta of mountains, valleys, and plains, watered by numprous rivers ; and is exceedingly fertile. The vine- yards bear thrice a year, and the foil in many parts yields three crops of maize; other proclu ^f by \v, from the Cape of Good H >pc, beyond the mouth of the Orange river, awd from tl'.at cape, in a nn'e direc- tion, to the mouth of the Great Filh river, which parts it from Caffreria. It lit'S between the tropic of Capricorn and 3.5 s lat. and is l)ounded on the w, s, aiid E by the Atlantic, Southern, and InJian oceans, and on the n by regions very little, if at all, explored. The Hottentots are as tall as mod Euro- peans, hut are more flendi-r; and the charadteriftic mark of this nation is, the fmallni'fs of their hands and fvet, com- pared with the other parts ofthtiv body. Their fkiii is of a yellowifh brown hue, rcfembling that of an European wno has the jaundice in a liigh degree. They have high cheek bones, but not fuch thick lips as their neighbours the Ne- gros and Caffre;* ; and their mouth is of the middling ilze, with the fiineft fct of teeth imaginablt;- Their heads nr<; covered with hair, more woolly, if pofiible, than that of the Negros. With rt'fpedt to Ihape, carriage, and every motion, their whole appearance indi- cates health and content. Not only the men, but the women alfo are clothed with Ihecp-flcins ; the wool being worn outward in fummer, and inward in winter. They wear one fkin over their ihoulder, the ends of it crofling each HOT otiier before, and loaving their neck b.ne ; aiiotlicr is i'rtftened round their midi'le, and reaches down to their knees. T »y fcldom c'jn'iM.t Iheinftlvps with one co« vtrin;?, buialmnfl always have tw), and very often three. The outtrmolc it Xhn largcit, finelt, a'.id molt Ihowy, and fre- quently adorned with glaf-* bead" ftrune in difi'erent liguro •. both the men and wonu'U gi'in rally go bareheaded, and Itlduni wear any (bvies. Neith< r their cars iiur nofe are adorn-^d with any pendent ornaments j hut the nofe is ibmt.'times marked with a black llreak of foot, or with a large fpot of n d h-ad ; of which latter, on high days, they like- wife put a little on their cheeks. Both fexi.'s wear rings on their arms ,Tiid lj;rs» chielly made of thick leather Itraps, cut in a ciicnlar Ibape ; but rinc's of iron, copper, or brafb, of the lize o'i w g.ioie- qu'M, are confulercd more gtnleel. (Jills are not allowed to nfe any rings till they ^ro marriageable. Tlieir ha- bitations art; adapted to their wander- ing paftoral life. They are morely huts, relembling around beehive, from 18 to 24 feet in diameter, and fo low that a middle fi/.ed man cannot ftand upright in them. But neither the low- nofs of the hut, nor that of the door, whicli is barely three feet high, can be conlidend as any inconvenience to a Hottentot, who buds no difficulty in Itooping and crawling on all-fours, and who is mor(> inclined to lie down than Itand. Ti'.e fire-place is in the middle, and they fit or lie round it in a circle. The low door is the only place that ad- mits the light, and the only outlet that is left for the finoke. The order oc thcfe huts in a cra.d, or clan, is moft frequently in the form of a circle, with the doors inward ; by which means a kind of yard is formed, where the cat- tle are kept at night. Such are the Hottentots in the vicinity of the Cape of Good Hope. In 1778, lieutenant Paierfon vifiicd a Hottentot village in Little Nmiiqua Lind, in the nw part of the country ; it confifted of 19 hut» and about 150 inhabitants. Theenfign of authority, worn by their chief, was a cane with a brafs top, given to him by the Dutch E India Company. The Yz m ^m I 4. HOT Hottrntotis amtifed them, part of the night, with mtiflc and dancing : their ▼ifitors, irr rrtiirn, treated them with tobacco and dacka, or hemp leave*, which they prefrr even to tobacco. Their mufic was produced from flutes, mad*" of tht bark ( f trc»'8, of diffeit'nt fizcfc. j'hc rr .n f ir n thenr.fjlves into •> ( iiclc. w'th their il'iles ; and the wo- men dance roiiml them. Amnnir other trib-R of Hottentots, ar»* the liosjcfmans, who inhabit tiic mountains in tht- inte- rior part of the country, vif. of the Cape, and ^rc enemies to the paftoral life: they li 'c by hunting and plunder, and never keip any animal alive for the fpaco of one ni,r;ht. On this account they render iht-mfelvcs odious to the planters, and are purfutd and extermi- nated like wild beads ; or made flavrs of when aken alive. Their weapons are poifoned arrows, fliot from a fm ill bow; and ihcy will hit a mark, with a tolerable dci^rte of certainty, at the diftance of loo paces. Their habita- tions are not n nre agieeable than their manners and maxims ; buflies and clefts in rocks ferve them by turns for dwell- ings. Many of thefc lavages are entire- ly naked ; but ibme of them cover their body with the fkin of any fort of ani- mal, great or fmall, from the ihoulder downward as far as it will reach, wear- ing it till it falls off in rags. Being ig- norant of agriculture, they wander over hills and dales, after certain wild roots, berries, and plants, which they cat raw; alio caterpillars, termites, loculls, grafs- hoppers, fnakes, and I'piders. An(jther tribe of Hottentots, near the mouth of Orange river, were oblervcd by lieute- nant Paterft)n, in his journey to the vw in 1799- Their iiut; were loftier, and thatched with gral's; and were fnrnilh- fd with ftools made i f the back-'iones of the grampus. The:r r.iode of living is in the hi^hcft degree wretched, an(l they are apparently the moft dirty of all the Hottentot tri\jes. Their drel's is compufed of the fkins of feals and j tck- als, the flefli of which they eat. When a grampus is caft afliore, they remove their huts to the place, and fubfift upon it as long as any part remains. They fme;ir their fltin with the oil, the odour of wliich is ib powerful, that their ap- proach may be perceived fome time before they appear in view. They car- ry their v ,i>er in the (hells of oftriches eggs, and the bladders of feals, which they flioot with arrows. To the n of the CO ntry of the Bosjefr.ans, and on Xlx. hr.kb of Orange river, are another tnbc Q?ytiid KoraS} whc n:)ay be icckoo* HOT ed to nnk higher than any of the other Hottentots known in the t of Africa. Their feature! are of a fupurior nil ; I hey are more cleanly in 'h< i app^ir- ame, and neatiT in their drefs ancl do- m« Ilic utcniils; their hut«i ;. .• alfo cin flruded with greater care, and v. ith a view of being more tliirablc. Tl.ty (iem to be a mixed br»ed, between hr Hottentot and CafTre. Tliev -'[(pear m have no knowled;,'r of agriculture, lut rntivt' lo tti«-ir horn- 'I uouts, which they llritt fdtjonJiiiation Vith itfpfft ti) the t ral, none of them i^'ion, nor ilo thty nctivi' any iiiftrirc- , h (Wcvor, havi' the lie power of magic; ? iiiftTnd that lify bciiiK ; but they p;iy •p to him, tliou^'h ey dcrivf all the evil* I nmonp thcfc, tlicy ami tluindrr. They me idea of a future- :>r()ach their frii^nds, ta\iiig tlit'in fo loon ; ni to bi'have hcnce- erly. The connfrjr •ulch is con fide nililf*; the Cape of iriod 3, and E to the (real 1550 ni in length and The whole colony ii nd niotintaiiious ; but •utch have overcome and it prodrt "s not of all the ru.C'.'lTariei labitants, but iiH'o for of all the European at the Cape. The le year as divided into ich they term mon- inlboii, or winter, hc- and the dry one, or smber. Among the is country are ante- in large herds ; buffa- lili.s ; the gemfl)och,a c, which has remark- lorns, and, when at- will fit on its hind •nd itfelf ; wild dogs, :rds, and are very de- 3 ; elephants ; tlks ; do, an animal rather , of a moufc colour, ftripes over the back, ing very large twilled k3ls ; tigers ; the qua- ebra, but more ttadl- i ; horfcs ', domeftic TI O IT horned cattle ; common Oiccp, and n p ^uliar fpe..< , of fiicet) coveied wiih liair inllead o' a 001. I'lic hippopota- mus, or '•iv.rf'Oife, Ih frequently fcen hrc. Among the birds iire vultures; oftriches, whole egj;8 areexcelKnt lood ; ind the loxia, a I'ljccies of gregarious bird : tln.-ff latter build their curious nefc in tlie mitnofa inv, where they form a kind of thatclied houli", with a regular llree t of nrlts on both fides, containing under its roof fereral hun- dred birds. Among the infedts area f'pecies of termites which do no injury to wood as in the E Indies, but, by raifing a number of hills, they impede the progrels of vegetation. 'I'he black, or rock fcorpion, is nearly as venomous here as a-iy of the I'erpent tribe, of which there arc numerous kinds. Houiit, an ifiiiiid of France, between that of Belli ille and the continent. It is 10 m ill ciicuit, and di fended by a fort. Eon. 3 10 vv, lat. 47 j6 n. ilouJa'in., a town of Fin nee, in the department of Pas de Calais, 6ms BeH,une. lloudmi, a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine and Oile, ji m w Verfailles. Ilounjlow, a town in Middleftx, with a market on Thnrfday, fituate on the fdge of a heath of its name, 011 which are liime gunpowder mills, 10 m w by s London. Hou-qnan;r^ a province of China, which occupies nearly the centre of the fmpirc, and is divided into two parts, the N and s, by the river Kian-ku. It is a flat, open country, watered by lakes, canals, and rivets ; and has plenty of wild fowl and cattle. The foil iti remarkably fertile ; gold is found ill the lands of the rivers ; and there is fuch a variety of all forts of commodi- ties, that it is called by the Chinefe, the Itorehoufe of the empire. It contains 15 cities of the firft clafs, and [ 14 of the leceiid and third. Vout-chang is the capital. Ifourii, Loc/t, an arm of the lea, on tliewcoaft of Scotland, in Invernefs- lliire, extending 20 rn inland from the found of Skye. iloufa, a town of Negroland, capital "t a country of the lame name, extend- ing along the n fide of the Niger. It is -co m L Tombuftoo. Lon 4 ao e, I'T- 16 10 N. Houtcheou, a ci?' of China, of the "rlt ';lals. in I'e •; uvinoe of 'J'che- •^'•■ing Theqn. tliy f ^,Ik manufac- wred here is alroll: inr eaible, and it is I'ic chii^f place for taaSing writing pen- n u B c'M Ft ftands near a large lake, called 'iHi, iicm SG Nan-king. Eon. no i$ F., lat. 30 ;5 N. Hoiuden, a town in E Yorkfliire, with a m:irket on S.itiirday. It f.vt» name ua Imall d ftriH railed Howdcn- fli're. The bifhops of Durham had foruieiiy a palace here, hut what re- mains of it is now occupied as a I'arm- houfe. HiMO is a large church, like a cathedral, part of which is in ruins. It is fcaied ni;ar the Oufe, 10 m ssK York, and 179 n by w London. Jhive, Cape, the promontory at the SE end of Ni-w HolLmd. Eon. 150 2 t., lat. 37 32 s. Iloivth, a vilh;ge of Ireland, in the county of Dublin, 9 m k by n Dublin. It ftand.i on a peninfula, which forma lh(; N point of Dublin bay, and on a promontory is a lighthoufe JJo.vttr, a town of VVefliphalia, in the territory of Corvey, featcd on the Wefer, 23 m k by .n Paderborn. J'foi/, one of the Orkney iflands, 10 m long and 3 broad, between the iiland of Pomona anrl the coalt of Caithnefi. Here is a Ihipiudous rock, cilled the Beary ; and on the w coult is a great couic hill, called Hoy Head, which is a feamark. Eon. 3 9 w, lat. 58 46 n. Hoya, a town of Wcftphulia, capital of a county of the fame name ; fcated on the Wefer, ^y m Nw Hanover. Lou. 9 20 K, l,it. 52 47 N. Hoyer, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, celebrated for its oy- fl.er filliery, 4 m w Tondereii. Jlojjerjkutiila, a town and caftle of Lufatia, on the river Elfter, 17 m nmvt Bautzen. Uoym, a town and caftle of Upper Saxony, n the principality of Anhalt, feated on the Godel, at its jund^ioB with the Sclke, 7 m e Quedlinburg. Hrad'tfch, a to.vn of Moravia, capital of a circle of the fame name, which pro- duces excellent wine. It is a frontier fortrefs toward Hungary, and Hands on an ifiand in the river Moraw, 30 m ssE Olmutz. Lon. 17 30 e, lat 49 7 N. Huaheine, one of the Society iflands, in the Pacific ocean, 30 leagues from Otaheite. It is 21 m in circuit, and has a commodious harbour, called Owhar- rc, on the w fide. Eon. 151 5 w, lat. 16 44 3. Hubert, St. a town of the Nether- lands, in Luxemburg, with a celebrated abbey, fealed in the foreft of Ardennes, on the rivulet Homme, 14 m w 3«f» togne. Huiertjhur^, a town of Upper Sax- ony, in Mlfnia, with a magaidcent ilii < , . f r mi H U 1) hunting feat, built by Aunuiliu in, then elfdtoral piinv-f. A peace w.iH coiir!u(1cii here befwcen the king' of Priifli.i and Polatici, ami tlit- ♦ mprols quPf'ii. It it! i2 m K l.eip/ic. lluildenfielJtAiowu in W V'Hl;(hirf, with a market on TiioWay. Ht re is a lar^'c circular hail, in which narrow and broad cloth*, firgcs, kcrfcyntrt s, !!'C!i thi? Likex Ontiuio nnd C!)r»n;p!ain, and tahii i,- a f'B cotitlb p.uct* v'iihin *; n of tin- lake GccMf,! ; ■' r'lfii flows s by icuRiihiirj,-, A!ba!iy, and Hudi'^n, and enters thii Atlantic ftci;.!-. iit Now York. It io ni- vigabk' for flilpa io Hudfon, .^.nd fur flooD''' of Ko lens to Albany. UiJiht., a ciiy of Ne.. York, in Co- lunihia comity. T he fttccts are fpa- cious, ai:d ( rol's each oth' r at ri'.'ht ?;i(»ks; and tl •: houfea uie fuppii-d rvit!) water brought in pipta iVon^ a fprinjr 2 m diO mt The ira.!e is con- fidcrablc, and vtHVls oi iar^c ii/f are bnilt h'.rc. It isO iied fin ai! eminence, on the K fide of Ilii'!fori riv' r, 30 n> b Albaiy, and 120 n Niw Yv rk. Lon. 73 \() w, Int 42 16 N. Ihuifon Bay, a bay of N America, lying Let^vten 51 and 69 v latitude, difcoveted in j6io b; 'j'.nin Henry Hudfon. Thia iuUtpid riariner, in fearchini' after a nw paflajre to the i'acific ocean, difcoveitd three (Iraits, throii^di which he hnpcd to luivt found a palTagt; to the ? '.ritic ocean. The en- trance of this bay, from the Atlantic, 18 between K- foiuti'n^ ifland on the n, and the L.i'ji dor coaR on the s, form- ing the K i'\irtir;.y ot 'he ftrait, dif- tintjuin;ed b; die name ot i!s jjreat dil- covcrcr. Tliir. bay is f'.d to com- municate on th.e N, by .; jli.dt, with Baflin bay ; on the e fide it ih borrlered by Labi;idor, on the sw by New S Wales, ard on the w Hy New N Waler.. Thcfe countries, included under the na.iie >! Nev IJiilain, abound with .nrimals whoJe ikins and furs are far fu« pciior in <|ii;i;ity to thoii; found in lefs northerly n ;:ioi)s,at,d when manufadur I'd, :tffoid articles for trading with nwny F, u ropea III na lions to great advaiitag*:. H IJ E The nativt'9 arc called EfqtiimauX, and not t hern lutli mti ; and are materially dilFereut from all the fiuthcrn irilies. In 1670, a chatter was granted to .1 coinp my, for the exrlufivr tr.ide to thifi bay 'J'iie Hndlon B«y Company pof- lirfs time loit», on the s coall of J mil i bav, by which iMnu the s part of Ihid- li)n b.'v ii5 dilbni^iiitlie"! ; thefe faCtoriis art- c.dled Wnpirt, Moolc, and .\ib,my, but the f j'iner h,.a been abardomd. On tie w fide of Hiidfnn bay, up Haves river, i ; ii f.i'itory failed Fl.tnil.i'r!)Uj!h ; ;ui'l to the N' oi this \t Ycnk bf-rt and I'rmcc <'V W.des I'ort. I'uaher n is Button bay, wheie fir Thon>;t.; Hi Itou alt. mpted to find a su pallMi^e, but lud: hi? Ihip, and reiunieri hoine i.i a floop m.'-de it» t'^e countiy. In December r77o, Mr. Ilcaine, in the lervice oi the ''()!'..pr.ny , If. < ntfron'. Prince ot Wales i'ort to evp!o;\' a river tiui' the Ef'qni- maiix, T' hoc.Tnie to ti'e compr.iiy'h tic- to. its to trade, had bruuj'Ja to their knowic.lfre; J'nd. wiiich, on urciMint of much cc'pncr btir;.'; foui.d near if, h.ul olir lined li.e name of t\.pi,er-triine River. Und'T the convoy of th.-ife In- di.ms, in 177 1, he arrivet' at I'.i.s river, and traced it to llie Arilic oe>ai), iii.d- in^' it encirnhered with fliu^Is ;u,\1 a bnr at its moetli, whie!! \^ in In. 119 w. Int. 72 N. In 1789, Mr. MacktPze, another t.tficer of the conip-.tiy, explored the coniiii/Rill iiioie to the wi llwar.! ; and ontrring a rivor (now chilled aticr his name) which it. the oinlet ot the Slave- lake, he traced it to itj mouth in the Ardic ocean, whore it forms a wide ellu.iry in lon. 131; w, lat 69 n:- Its couile is 780 m nkw from tl;e lake, in which if receives many large rivers. No diicoveries w of this river have bei.it made by land. lltidiwickjisLald, a feiport of Svvcdtn, fin; chie:' town of Hclfingia, with a jiood harbour, on the gulf of Bothnia. The inh.ibitants carry on an advantage- ous trade in timber, flax, linen, butter, fidi, &:c. It is i«5 m n by w Stockholir.. Lon. 17 40 K, lat. 62 6 N. Hue. or Ihirfo, the capital of Cochin- china, with a royal palace. The iiiha- bitanta blacken their teeth, thinking it a /hame to have them white, like dogs. It is featcd in a beautiful plain, and di- vided into two partij by a larpe river, 30 m from its nwuth, in the China fea. Lon. 1C7 a_5 e, lat. 16 25 n. ilueha, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, on the coaft of t're Atlantic, be- tween the mouths of the Odiel and Tat- to, 5;? m u Sevilk- Huen, au ifland in tht B 'C, 3 m IK til EfquimaiiX, and ani.l aif inaVrially tli<' i'lUtlicri) iiilic's. w.iK j;riintcc1 to a lh churches. The number of inhabitants was J7,6i6 in i8oi,and 29,944 in 181 1, including the fuburh of Sciilcoates. It is fortified, and was the fird town that fliut its gates againft Charles 1. The commerce of this place is conlitierablc, and it is deemed the fourth port in the kingdom. Beiide its communication with the Yorklhire nvers and canals, it has accefs alfo to ihe Trent, and all its branches; that it has the import and export trade of the northern and mid- land counties. The foreign trade is chiefly to the Baltic ; but it has traffic with the fouthern parts of Europe, and with America. More (hips are lent henceto Greenland than from any other port, that of London excepted. The harbour is artificial ; and here are docks for building and repairing (hips. Among the public buildings are ihe Trinity- houfe, for the relief of feanien and their widows, an armoury, a naval ftoreh«ufe, a cuftomhoule, and an exchange. Hull ^s 37 ra SK York, and 170 n London. Lon. 18 w, lat. 53 45 n. HUN Jlul/tti^f'iira, a town of llindooftin, in Canara, featcd in a plain of riec- ground, to the r nf acoiifiderabh'cri elc, which ruuK N Irmn the entrance into Ilonawcra lake, ',4 ^ ^ by w Kuiula- piir.t. Hiil/>rn, a town » BriillVls. Hul/f, a town of the Netherlands, in the late Dutch Flanders, itron)/ by !t«i fituatinn and fortifications. It w.i4 fliann fully fnrrendeied to the I'renc.h in 1747, and taken by them in 1794. Jt ii feated on a plain, which muy be over- flowed, and on a canal that comn^nni* cates with the Scheldt, 15 m wNw.\nt- werp. number, a river of England, formed by the junction of the Trent and Oule. It is a large elUiary. which divides Ynrk- fhire from Lincoinniiio, and entirs the German ocean, at Spurn Head llumi/ifl/h^un, a town of I't-nnfyl- vanii, in liaiiphin county, on the s tide of the Swetua, which runs into the Sufqiuhana, 10 m f- by n Harrilburg, ,.•^d 76 wN'w Phihulelphia. Hionmoc/i, a Itnall ifland in the In- dian ocean, 16 ni s Mindanao. Lon. 135 I a K, lat. 5 17 N. Hun4fmatck, a town of (urmany, in Stitia, near the river Muehr, 17 tn w by s Judenbiirg. JJuncfild, a town of Germany, in the principality of Fulda, with a collegiate church, 10 m n Fulda. Hungary, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the N by Poland and Silelia, \v by Moravia, Auftria, and Stitia, s by Sclavonia and Servia, and e by Wala- c^iia and Tranfylvania. It isdivided into Upper and Lower Hungary ; and to thefe may be added the Bannnt of Te- mcfvvar, incorporated into the kingdom of Hungary in 1778. Hungary formerly included Tranlylvania, Sclavonia, Dal- matia, Servia, and Walachia. The principal rivers are the Danube, Save, brave, TrtlFe, Maros, Uaab, and "VVaag. The air is unhealthy, occafioned by the lakes and bogs ; but it abounds in all the neceflarics of life, and the wine, ef- petially that called Tockay, in excellent. There are mines of gold, lilver, copper* and iron ; and alfo of opal, at Czerwc- niia, which gem i;i peculiar to this country. There is inch plenty of gamCf that hunting is allowed to all. The in- habitants are vvell (haped, generous and brave, but haughty and revengeful; and are ellimated at (even millions. The trade principally confifts lu cattle, hogs, (hocp, flour, wheat, rye, wool, and wine } and thefe are almoft wholly itfnt r I' '-^ H it HUN to the Auflriin provim-ft. The kinj»ilom of HunR.iry ran rifily t«i i' an army of 100001 men. Th»* ho (c nwn ar«* c.ill- fd IliiflTtrs, antl the font Hi'ydnkoi. Al- moll all the lownnof" UiniRiry luvt* two naini's, Ihr one Cii'rni.tn, and the other "Hiingar"' i an. I ihr l.it'giiiKe i* a dla- lc(5t of tne Scl.woi'iin. Tin' goyrn. imnt is hcredit >iy in tl o honfc of Anf- tili, md th'* ••lVilili(l>,cn(tabie, who it the chiff ofRctr. Ii ifi ieated on the Ketnu't, a; m ssw Abin^'i!on, aiiil 6 } w I,ondon. Himiufrufn, a furtlfird town of France, in tho dt'partinent of Upper Rhiui', fiat- fd on the Rhine, 2 in n Bali. I, and 14 R Altkiicli. Hunmankij^ a town in E Yoikfliiie, with a inarki t on Tni'fday, 34 in ne York, and ^c<) n I,ond(in. Hunjlet, a town in VV Yorkfhiie, in the liberty oi' I. ctds. The inhabitants vfre r^ino in iSoi, and 6.^9;? in 181 1. linnt'in^tltn, a town of N;vv York, in Snfloik connty, Lonp iiland, fituate nn ,1 bay, in thj Ibund, 15 m k by n New Yor'v . Uunt'tn^dni, a town of Pennfylvania, capital of a mom^lainonb county of tlit; fame nan>p, wjiich abou'ids with liinc- ftone, iron, and lead. It is lltuatc en the Juniatta, at the influx ' ciet'k, a;^ m v/sw Lewidown. Lon. 73 15 w, lat. 40 r.i n. Ihintinf^flon, a borough anodmaii- chiller, 16 n< WNw Camlnidge, and 51; N by w I/>ndoti. Lon. 5 w, lat. 5; 17 w. lftfitliiT/{ni>/?iirf, A rounfy of Knp- iind. Iiouiidcd 0.1 thi> nw and n by Northampionlliiii', p. by Canibridpe- llior. and aw by Iti illordlhire. It is »j m lon^ and jo broail, c«»ntunin;» j»n,o8o aciei ; it dividend into four hundr-'ds, and inf> pirilht » ; h.is fit maikct-tt'wns, and lends f..ur ni'mlxTi to pulianient. 'I'he number of inhiibit- antk was 17,568 in iHor, and 42,10) in it; II. The piincijnl iiver.s are the duf- and Nell- The ■ k pait ronfifts ol li'-auti- ful mea«low». 'I'hc middle and welleni parts ar. I'ertile in corn, and fprinkird with woods ; and tlir upland part w ii anciently a torelt. pt-cnhaiiy adapteii fi'r hnntipg. 'i'he nk put confUh of faiM, wliivh join tin leot lily ; but they are diaiiit-d, fo at to afford lich paftur- ^^i-, and even Urj,'e erops of corn. In the niidfl ot them are fome Ih.dlow pools, aboiindiii}; vsith filh ; ami a lake 6 in lon^; and ^ liioad, called VVhittl'-- Ua-mere. The chief commoilities an* corn, malt, andcheefe; itiid it fattens abund.ince of cattle. UuMtlry^ a town ofScothnd, in Aber- di enlhite, with the magnificent rtmaiiii of a calHe. It haft a confiderablc maiiu- fadlure of linen cloth, and ItandH on a point of land formed l»y the conflux of the Boy,ie with the Devcron, 35 m nw Aberdeen. Hunt/fill, a town in Somrrfctfliirc, at the month of the Pairet, in liridgewater bay, 7 m N BrKlgewatcr, and 143 w by s London. Ilunt/villf, a town in N Carolina, on Yadkin river, 30 m N Salilbury, and ijo w Hillfborongh. llurdivpr, a town of Hindooftan, in the piovince of D«lhi, where the Gan- ges firft enters the counti y. It is 1 o 5 ni N by t Delhi. Lon. 78 :;, \ , lit. 29 53 n. i/uroH, a lake of N America, which lies between 80 and S5 w lon. and 42 and 46 N lat. It has a communication with lake Michiu'in to the w, by the Itiait of Michilimakinac ; with Lake Superior to the nw, by the llrait of St. Maiy ; and with Lake Erie to the s,by the ll-t .4 it of Detroit. Its ihape isneary trial. gular, 800 m in circuit. On theN fide is a chain of iflands exteiidinp 150 m, called Manitoualin by the Indians. On the sw fide is Saguina bay, peni- traiing 45 in into the country of the It i'' the I'irllipbceof It ii f-Mti'd on ,1 I- rivi r Ouli*. over iilgr to Oodmaii- L' inil)ii(|gc, n\u\ 5() .1)11. o 5 w, l.it. 5; I roiiiity of llfij;. thi" Nw aiul N b>' r. hy C,\nihrin»! fort, belonging to tht> Hritilh y;Mvcriimiiit. The ChippiMviy Indlant live Icitteied around thin lake ; and on its hinkn aic tinind grckt iiii.ni- litien of fuiil «.liciiir4. JIurjl ('fi/llf, a foilr>f» in Ilamplblre, 4 ir\ H I.yinirii^ton. It (\ and.'* o;i tlif cxir-'sni- point of ^ luck nf Und, 'vliiob IhotH a i!i into the fe» toward th'- illt? of Wight, from wlucli it it a mile clif' tant. Ill thi.< ealll.' ' h.*ilt'« 1 w.ij con- fined pri'vioully to hin bcini; brought to tri d. I.on. J 1 ^ w, l.»t. 50 4* n. Jluj, or Htt//'t, !i town of Ktiripr.ni Turkey, in Mold ivia, the fee of a Greek bi(hop. Here Petrr the j-'rcat mule peac** with tin* I'urku- It is btu.itc on the I'luth, 70 m «w bcndir. Loii. 18 ,^4 K, lat. 46 ,^5 N. lIuJftKufnhaJ, a town of Ilindoollan, in the piovii'ce of Malwa, but 011 thi; s fide of the Ncrbudda, and the frontiers of Nagpoiir. the calk'in divifiou of the Mahratta empire, it in 140 n» nw Nag- pour. Loll. 77 54 K, lat. li 4-1 N- UuJ'uni, a fcipoit of Denmark, in the duchy of Slefwick, with aftrong citadel, oppolite tinr illand of Nordltrand. It hai a trade in horfct^.Tud oxen, ami m,i- nnlakHurt'd of leather, cotton, and line n. It (tandfi on ihc river O.v, near the Ger- man oce.iti, ao m w Slefwick, Loii. 9 to E. lat. 54 ,^6 N. Ifuttaiit/, a ti>wu of Hindooflan, in the country of Viliapour, 30 m sbw Vi- fi.ipour. Lon. 75 6 *••» Kit. t; 5 ^■ Ilufivei/, a town of SwilVeiland, in tlic canton or Ikrn, 16 m n k hern. Jhq/, a town of the N'"thcrl.inds, in the territory of l-iej^e, with many piper mills, and iion fouiuierie>i. The confe- dcrates reduced it in 1706, and the Dutch retained it till I7:'<, when they detuolilliecl ihc fortititations, aiid fur- icndered it to the bilhop. It h f.-ated on the Made, 12 ni u !.w Licu'C. Hydra, an ifiand in the Archipelago, 15 m lung and 7. broad, lying between the gulf of N'apoii and the illand of Thermia. 'I'hough inountiinous and without a Itrtam of water, it is the refi- (Icnce of a numerom Greet colony, who are jjovcrncd by one of their own members, and pay a iixed annual tri- bute to the Porte. Their commerce extending from OdciTa in th*- Black fca to every part of tht- Mcditcuai.ean, and cv'n to America, they arc lunv become / J A C more clvilired nnd po!iilie:l ihm ihrir niij;h'»o:ir'. The ciiitf town i« of the f.irtK' nani , .md one of tiu- mud con- fiderabb: iii thir Archtpi-l.igOt wiili % good liitrbo'.ir on the nw cualt. Lon. 2j 15 L, I it. 17 ai N. Hy,lrih,4J, a ciiy of Illiiiioortan, ci- pilai uf(iotconJa, and the metropoli.t of tlic Deccan. It In furrouiuled by v dis with tiMfem, ;ind fupp )fcd to con- t.tin upward (if 100,000 inhabit.uiti. The fu!)iMlM, which arc very large, art? occupied by merchauti and tr.idefmen. It Itaiiil* in a plain, on a rivi.-r that rum into tlic Kifna, 31-j m vnw Madras* Lon 78 1,1 I, lat. 17 lb N. lly.irabAd, a city of llindoodan, ca> pital of the province ot .Sindy, with \ llroiii^ .''urtrefi. It \* lituatt on an emi- nence, by the I'uloolec branch of the In- dus, and furrouiuled by a IuljIi brici: wall, flanked with round towers. On the N lidc i"sadryilitch,hi wiunit oftherock, over which is a bridge oppolitc the gate. Here is the luburb, which, together with the city, contain about 15,000 inhubit' ant^, among whom are niimerouN and ikilful art i/.ans, particularly the armour- ers. It is.j4o m !>«w .Muultaii. Lun. (ji 46 I'., lat, 2j fti N. llijl'ol'Ue, St, A town of France, in the dep'iitment of Gard, Icated on the V i- tlourie, near itii fource, 1 j m sw Alais. llt/pi}/ite, St. a town of Fraiiee, in the department of Doubn, on the livci" i)oub:i, 40 m t by n Uclangon. >M I. J. Jabluniau^AXown of M)ravia, in the circle of Tefclicn, wilhaf>rt near it, wliich defends a defile toward Hungary It is feated on the £ifr, between high mountains, la m sat Tefchen. Jaca^ a city of Spain, in Aragon,and a biUiop's fee, with a fort. It is feated on a river of the fame name, among the mountains of Jaca, which are a part of the I'yrcnccd, 5a m n by e Saragofla. Lon. o H w, lat. 4a 28 -N'- Jacatra, a country in tb.e w part of Java, formerly a kingdom, with u town and fortrcls of the lame name, near to Batavia, which i> now the i'c:it of go- vernment. Tiic productions of Jacatr.i are principally coffee, iligar, pepper, and rice ; li!iillnn, 60 m k liy n Cordova. Loii. 3 3jr w, iat ^r ^H N. .ni/fiii a town of Syria, in r.il»-rtinc, ft)rm«'rly .1 ci-U luvjttd rif y, cillfd Jopp.i* and thr cliiti port of Jiulxa, Imt cntirt ly fal!«>n from itn ancii I'l (grandeur, laing laid w.-it[f. in the titnc of the criifadci. It is (ituatr near tie Mrditrrrancan, on an omincncc in the foim of a fiin»r loaf, on the fnrninit of whit h in a I'mail citadel; and the iioufcHdiltrihntod along the fide appt ir tiling ahovf each other. The bottom of the hill id furroiindt'd by .1 wnll, with battl.'mcntH ; and it is environed by gardenti, which jjroducf lcnv.)n8, oraniJ'jR, miloti'', and ritrons of a prodigious (iir. The road is* ilitVnd- ecf by a caftic, on a rock ; and the har- bour is now too (hallow to admit lar^c vclTcls. The priucipil commerce is in fruit and grain. In 1799, it was taki n by the Trench, under Honapartc, with fonne difficulty and uim-h blondflicd ; but they held pofllflion forty days only. It is 35 m s' \v Acre. Lon. 3s 'o n., Iat. Jajierabad, a town of Ilindooftan, in the country of Borar, 40 m nnb Aurungabad, and 60 s Burhanpour. Jaffrahodt a town of Hindooftan, in Guzerat, near the mouth of a river, noted for largf cyders, 37 in f.nk. Diu. Jofnapatanit a feaport of Ceylon, whence arc exported great quantities of tobacco, and fomc elephants, wiiich are accounted the nioO. docile of any in the world. The Dutch took it from the Portuguefe in 1658; and it wab taken by theEnglifli in 1795. it ftandsatthc N end of the illand, 100 m n Candy. Lon. 80 10 E, Iat. 9 45 N. Jafrarnaut, a town of Hindoudan, in the province of Orifl'a. Here is a fa- mous pagoda, one oi'the firft ohje^K of Hindoo veneration, and an excellent feamark. It (lands on the bay of Ben- gal, 4(1 m s Cattack. Lon. 86 6 t, lut. 19 50 N. Jagerndorf, a town and cattle of Silefia, capital of a province of the fame name. .1 A (; It tl (irated on ihe Oppa. \\ m Mw Troppau Lon. 17 44 k, U- jo o •. Jttjlfrjhurg, a town of Oirmany, \r\ \\\t piincipality ot Keirr-DarnDdadt. ij in AHw D.irmiUdt. Jiliffiire, a diftri^ of IlindnoAan, in the Carnatic, fubjc^t to Ihe £ngli(h C India Comp;iny. It «mend» loS m alonx the co.iU from Aleni|i »rve on thn » lo I..ikc INillicUe on ll c N, and it« 47 m hbl,«nd ill tlic widcd pait. Madra« Is iiH' thief place. ./rt^o, St. the larjfed and mod frrtih of the Cape Vinl ill md 1, 1 in lonp inul .s broad. It aboiauU wiih hieh h.irnn ninuiitaiii> ; and the air, in tlir laiiiy f»';ifon, is unwhoUfonie to tiran- gers. The ainin.ds arc beeves, hoiTis, alil's, muie.H, d«er, goats, IkH'S, civet- cats, and mtjiikiys. Here are fowls and birdft ofaiiiiod all litrt.* ; and mai/c, [>lani.tinH, banana;', pompioir , orange , emons, tamaiilldi, pineapplcH, cocoa- nutu, guavaa, tar, ".j-pleH, and I'ugar- canes. It ban .iifo li/iue cedar-ti'ceii, and plenty of cotton. Kihtira Grande is the capital, but the governor rcftdes ar I'orto Praya. Jtii(o, St. the capital of Chili, and a hilhop's fee, with a royal audience and a loyal univeiftly. lUlide ihe la- thedral, there are four ^)ari(Ii churches, ten monaderies, ant! (even nunneries. The itrcets arc j6 fci't wi'K , and inier- le(Jt each other at ri^ht anj;!''?. The ^rcat fqnare i .jso fret on eaehride; ihe N front otcupitd by the palace of the preluUnt, the tiiljunal of the audi- ence, and other public edifiees; ih.-^.t < f the w by the cathtdi;d chin, h and the bifli()p%- palace ; and in the middle is a magnificent fountain. The inha- bitants, upward of 46. ceo, are native Americans and Spaniard.s and it in the centre of all the trade of Cliili. litre arc ievcral c.inals, and a dike, by means ot which iIk> valer thegardensand cool the drects. It is (eati d in a bcauiiful and extenfivc plain, abounding in all the nccedaries of liil;, ai the foot of the Andes, on the s fide of theTopoealma, oyer which is a bridge that connedsthc eity with the fuburbs. Lon. 71 5 w, Iat- 33 a6 s. Jaj{o, St. a t( wn of New Spain, capital of Verapua. It has an elegant hoipital, and daiids in a fertile country, which produces mjiizc, plantains, &c. and abundance of cattle. It is 130 m sw Porto Bello. Lon. 81 14 w, Iat. 8 28 N. Joj^o, St- a fc rtificd feaport on the s coaft of Cuba, and a biihop's fcC| with . • . lit. 30 O M. n (if (Wrmany, in r.lc-DAinrjftadt, ij of Hindotftan, In 1" I tic Kiiglifti n t n ll c N, niitl it 47 ft |)iiit. MaUr.11 vtl .111(1 m(jn ffrtili* II iiul 1, I ) in Ion^• boi.tiiU >vii|» hipli iiiioii: , orangfi, piiicapplfK, focoa- iplcH, and I'ugar- I'liuc ccdar-trtm, . iiilu'lra Grand(; lie governor rcfides lital of Chili, and a a royal audience ty. lUfulc ihf la- )iir pjiridi churclics, ul levin nunneries, ci't W'l'lc, and intrr- rii;lit ant;If8. The fut oi\ cat-li Jidc; d liy th(^ palace of iil)Unal of tlu; audi- iiMic edifices; ih.nt th((ir;;| chiiii li and ; and in the middle untain. The inha- 46,000, are native niiinl.-, and it if the ade of Cliili. litre nd a dike, by nu-ans thegardonfland cool lati ll in a bcauiiful abounding in all the ai the foot of the eof thcTopocalnia, ge that coni;i'(fl8tIic rbs. Lon. 71 j vv, vn of New Spain, . It has an elegant in a fertile country, ii'ic, plantains, &c. cattle. It is 130 m Lon. 81 14 v\, lat. icd feaport on the s a bifhop's fee, with JAL rt good h irhour. In lOio, it vrn* nearly fwAllowed up by an r'trthqn ike. It in iltuAte uii .1 biy. about ft mt.om t!te ft.i. Lon. ;6 } w, la|. a? 1 n Jtiji( landfi, and enter > the fca on tli«* continri nf Monte Cliiiltr». Jtvfo df /et CiivaHeroj, .SV. a city of St. .T)<^n>i g(« tilt' next in li«e tothc ctpii.il. The inhabit.it'tH arc cl^ini.tltd .it iu,(-oo. It ft.indi in a ft 1 tile (oil, on the river St. J.igo, 70 nr\ from itx niouih, and 90 NKw St. Domingo. Lon. ;o jH w, lat. 19 aa N. Jii\(o tU (\mpfjUlliii St- fee t'ettrpof tell'i (li^n dfl I'jferu, St. a city of Tucil- ni II, and .1 bifliop'n fee. The vicinity produc- p'efity of wbe.U, rii;?, bailey, fruit ot ,ill f'.rts, p.oticul.uly fi>{n uiid railiiis. I' t fe ittd f>u the Dulci', no m Hw St. Aiichai'i. Lon. 6j 40 w, bt. a8 o 8. Ja,^Q di- t^rxaftftt St. a town of New Sp:it Jamaica, where the leiriRativc a/retnlijy and liie grand com ' i of jullicc arc held, it is leafed in a pieaf mountain difRcuU of acccfn, 85 m <»nw Cliittore Lon. 7; 4011, Ut. tj ,v) K. Jumujfortjd, It town of Unflit, in the govirirnrnt ot IVti ilburtt, with a Itiong tort, lifted on the J.mut la m kr N.uva. ,/ntt:. iii.it an Iflind ofth<- W Indief, difcuvcttd by Coluinhtii, in I4<;4- It He« 10 lcapii'4 w llifptinioU. ncarif the I'.i'ir dlilance h Cub.i, atid i» of an uvd ti/iirr, 170 ni loii|{ and 60 broad* It i« divided into tnr>r cotintira, Mid- dtcfcx, .Stirfy, and Coinw dl, and cun- laini upwjid of 4,oHo.oou iictek. A lidge ol hilU runs lrn,:th«vifr' from a lu w, wluiti?'* iiiimcrout iivtrit take their riti* on both (id«'i | a d though nonv« of ihcm ate navigable, rven for barrel, yet the lugaiiare (.riird upon m.tny of thmn in canoei trnn tht; iu- l.tnd plant itiotni to (he fc (tide : Tome of them I tin under ground for a conll- dcraMe (pace, part'ctdarly tho Cobr« and I'l-dra. The niountains and a great p.irt of the iflatid an? covered with many kindii of tree*; fuch ai lignurn vitx, cedar, inalio^; any, S.c alway.i green. In the valle* t ate fiig.ir-cane:«,and fuch i va- riety of ttuit-irees, an to nuke the coun- try look like a (uradife- But to balance thin, there are allig.tiorii in the rivers; gui.niof'it and galliwafpk in the fenn and m.iillies ; aiiil fiiakeg and noxious ant- III. lis ill the mountains The year is dit- tiiii^uilhed into two ioafons, the wet and dry ; but the rains aie not fo frequent as formerly, which is fnitpofed to be owing to t he cii Itiiig down of t he woods- About iiinr in the morning it is fo intolerably liiit, tli.it it would be difTicuk to live, if the ealleriy bn e/,e did not arifc to cool the air. Sometimes dte nights are pret- ty cool, and there are great dews, which are deemed unwhol.fomp, cfpe- ci;dly to new comers. The tnonths of July, Augult, and .September, are call- ed the hurricane months, becaufc then they are the molt freqtifnt ; and there is lightning almoft every night. Not above a thiid part of this illand id inha- bited, for the plantations are along the coalts. Here and there ure favantias, or large plains, where the original na- tives ufed to plant their corn, and which the Spaniards made ufe of for breeding their cattle- The beft houfes are generally built low, on account of the hurricanes and earthquakes ; and the Negros huts, made of reeds, will hold only two or three perfons. Thf? com- mon drink is Madeira wine, or rum punch. The common bread, or that which fervcs for it, is plantains, yams, ^, ^f^f.. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) !? ^/ A ^^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■^|2£ 125 ■U lU |2.2 Hf Uo |2o !■■■ m Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WfST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. I4SS0 (716) •72-4503 ^ J A M and r.inTava-ioots ; but, in 1791, .1 great lui inner of th'- brnd-fruit trees were br<>ii).'ht here from Otuhcite, and intro- (lucfd into tlic difli-n nt plantutiunn. II)j;^aiui llitep .ir«' plentitiil; but the fi rvautfl g«Mitiii!ly tied upon Irifli l.ilt- bt'rl', .Old ill'' Nigros havt- lnTrings «iid ialt-tiDi. The },-cneraI proiluce of' tnii iflan.J is fujjar, rum, molafl'iH, ginger, cotton, indigo, pimcnta, cocoa, coK'ee, fcverai kiudH ut' woods, utid nitdicinal drugs. It has {bme tobacco, but not good, Jind ufed only by the Negros, who can Icarcely live without it } alfo m;ii/e, Guinea com, and peas of various kinds, with variety of roots. Fruits are in great plenty, I'lich as oranges, lemons, f]iad(locki>, citrons, pomegranates, pine- .'applet*, prickly pears, melons, pompi- ons.guavas, and many other fortH. The firfl Kttkment on this ifland was made in 1509, by the Spaniards, who were cruel to the natives; but noneof thoir bloody rcttlementH fuppotted them* felves, exctpt that of St. Jago de la Vega. This ifland was taken by the EngliOi in i6v?»«'ind is now the mod ▼aluable of their W India colonies4 The number of white inhabitant.'^ in 1787 was ^0,000, free blacks 10,000, Maroor.s 1400, and flaves 250,000. The value of the haves, the landed property, and buildings to which they are appurte- nant, and that of the veflTels employed in trade, were then eitimated at 39 mil- lions fterling ; and it has flnce continued a growing and improving colony. The government of Jamaica is one of the richeft places, next to that of Ireland, in the difpofal of the crown : the (land- ing i'alary is 1500!. and the affembly commonly vote as much more to the governor, which, with other perqui- litcs, make it littic* lef, than io,cool- a year. In June 1795, t! e Maroons, or original natives, who inhaHit the moun- tains, rofe againft the Englirti, and were not quelled till March 1796. St. Jago de la Vega is the feat of government, but Kingllon is the capital. Jamaica, a town of New York, chief of Queen county, Long ifland. It has thiee churches and an academy, and is la ni E by 3 New York. Jamalabady a town of Hindooftan, in Canara, with a fort on the lummitof an immenfe rock, which is Only accediblc by one narrow way. The town (lands on the bank of a river, 50 m lne Man- galore. Jamatna, a town of Arabia, capital of a diilri<5l of the fame name, lying wi of the province of Bahrin. It is (cated JAN on the river Aftan, 140 m iw Lachfg. Lon. 46 8 K, lat. 25 5 N. Jttnibi, the capital of 11 fmall kingdom on the F. coaft of the ifland of Sumatra. The Dii'ch have a fort here, and ex- port pepper hence, with the beft fort of canes. 'J"he town is large, and litii- ati" inland, on a river navigable fur boats, 160 m N l)y \. Uencoolen. Lon. 101 45 K, lat. I 23 s. Jambo, a town of Arabia Dt-ferta, with a good harbour, on the lied fe.i, 85 m 88 w Medina. Lon. 37 20 is, lat. 24 -5 N- JameSf a riter of Virginia, which commences on the w (tde of the Hlue ridge of the Allegany mountains, where it is formed by the junftion of the Jack- Con and Carpenter rivers. It thence flows K through the ftate, and enters Chefapeak bay, near Hampton. Jamest St. a town of S Carolina, on the «A^of the Santee, 14 m from its moutn7«rid 44 NNE Charlelton. James Bay ; fee tludfon Bay. James Ijland, an ifland of Africa, 3a m up tin* river Gambia, and 3 from its neared fliore. Here the Engiilh have a fort and fadlory. Lon. 16 o w, lat. 13 15 N. James I/land, an ifland of S Carolina, on the s (ide of Charlefton hatbour, op- polite Charlefton. Jame/hwnt a town of Virginia,; feat- cd in a ptninlula, on the n fide of James river, 8 m ssw VVilliam(burg. Jamejhitutt a borough ot Ireland, in the county of Leitrim, feated on the Shannon, 5 m s by e Carrick, and 84 WNW Dublin. Jametj, a town of France, in the de- partment of Meufe, 'i m s Stenay. Jam/io, a town of Sweden, in the pro- vince of Ulekiugen, 3a m w Carlfcrona. Janina, or Janna, a (trong town of European Turkey, capital of Albania, and a bilhop's (ee, with a cadle. it (lands in a hilly country, on the sw (ide of the lake Aolierufia ; and on a penin- fula that projcfls into the lake, is the feraglio, or palace of the pacha, which is fortified, and ifolated from the town. The inhabitants are edimated at 40,000, among whom are many rich Greek mer- chants, whofe commerce extends over the whole empire and to the ports of the Adriatic. The chief article of export is fpun cotton, fDm the adjoining pro- vince of The(raly. It is 85 m w by m LarilTa. Lon. ai 10 e, lat. 39 52 K. Janowitz, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Pilfen, on the river Bradawkcj a8 m ssw Pilfen. lat. JAP Janvillf, .1 town of France, in the de- partment of I'.ure and Luire, ao ni sK Chnfres. Jao tchfoiu ,\ city of China, In the pro- Tincf of Kirnp-fi, fcated oil the river Po, ncir its entrance int(» the lake Poyang, 40 m NK Nan-tch;ing. Japan^ an empire in the mod eaftern p>)rt of Alia, extending from Ion. 131 to 14a E, and from lat. ,^0 to 41 n. It is compofed of Uvt-rul iflanda, the prin- cipal and mofl northern of which is Niphon. The whole •'mpire is divided into feven principal didridls, which are fubdivided into 70 provinces ; and the population is, in proportion to extent, deemed equal to that of China. It i» the richtfl conniry in the world for gold; there are alfo rich filver mines, and fine copper is the main fuurce of the wealth of many provinces. It pro- duces a great deal of rice, which is reaped injSeptemher ; and millet, whe.it, ■nd barley, which are cropped in May. Cedars are common, and fo large that they are proper for the mafts of (hips and columns for temples. The rocks and mod barren places produce a va- riety of fruits, plants, and roots. The woods and ."^orefts, and long ridges of mountains, with which the Country is interfedled, produce good pafturage, and are ftocked with deer, oxen, buffa- los, hogs, and a few horl'es : but there are no fheep uor goats. Here are large quantities of fine porcelain, filk, and fkins, as alfo red pearls, which are not in left efteem than the white. Thejupa- nefe are of a yellowifh complexion all over ; their heads are in general large, their necks (hort, and their hair black, thick, and fliining, from the ufe they make of oils ; their eyes are fmall, of a dark brown colour and funk deep in the head, and the eyelids form in the great angle of the eye a deep furrow, which difcriminates them from other nations ; their eyebrows are alfo placed fomewhat higher ; and their nofes, though not flat, are thick and (hort. They are naturally ingenious, and have a happy memory. Their houfes arc of wood, coloured white, and never exceed two ftories in height ; and the interior is divided into apartments at pleafure, by moveable partitions niding in grooves. They have neither tables, beds, nor chairs ; but fit and lie on carpets and mats, the meal being ferved apart to each in a bafin of porcelain, or on a fquare falver of japan- ned wood. Their food confifts almoft entirely of fifli, fowl, eggs, and vege- tables. The drefs confifts of trowfers, and a loofe robe of filk or coiton fafteu- .1 A I» ed l»yr a girdle ; the inunber being iii- creafed according to the colJiiffuif llie weather : thtir ftockings which cover onlv half the leg, arc rniuie of woolh-u lluftij fcwed togctlu r ; inftead of Ihoes they merely wear folts madut conical hats mude of grrils arc worn on journeys. They have a langii.ij' rfn\ monarch of J.ipjin, and th<" (l.iiro (inlv his high pried. The rc- li)!i'>n of thi- »•(). (i»ry is pa^r.-iriifm ; but there art- «wn difftrrnt k{\t. There W.10 o"re ,) K"cat number of Chriftians in diffrff* parts of tfie empire; but, in i6tS, thiy underwent great perfe- ciiiioii!-, iiifiimnch ihat ihi y were all extirp.ited. The capital of die empire ifl Jedo Jii^ara, ? feaport on the N coaft of Java, with a good harbour, It was the capital of a confultralj'e kingdom, till the Dutch m^(fe thrmrelvcs m;ifter8 of it ; where they eftablilhcd a colony, and a coiiruler.iblc trade. It is 253 m E by s Batavia. Lin. 1 10 45 ^,lat.6 20 s. Jaquemelt a town of St. Domingo, on a bay of itd n.-'me, on the s coaft, 3am bbw Port au Prinec. Jarjreaih a town of Fnnce, in the de- partment of Loiret. It was taken by the Enelifli in 14^8, arid retakeiifc)y Joan of A'-c the next yenr. It is feafcd injar the Loire, 10 m 1 .sr Orleans. Jarijlerfr, a town of Norway, in the diocele of Agfcrhiiys, capital of a dif- tridt aboundii)g in mines. It is 5 m n Tonfbcrg. Jarnac, a town of Franre, in the de- partment of Charente. Near thii place the duke of Anjou. afterward Henry n i, obtained a vidlory over the Hupnenots, in 1569. It is feated on the Charente, 20 m w,*Ang:ouIefnie. Jaromitz, a tow n of Bohemia, feafed on the Elbe, i) m n Konigingratz. Jaron,\ t( wn of Perfia, in Farflllan, celebrated fur iibund.tnce of p.ilm trees and their cxci-llcni frijit. It is 95 m s by K Shiras. Lvu;. 5;, 10 k, lat. 28 i.i; n. Jarojlau, a town of Pviand, in Red. Rudia, wirh a ftro;ig cif idel. A battle was gained here by the Swedes, in 1656, after which they took the town. It is feated on the Saine, 55 in w Lemburg. Lon. 22 43 E, iat. 30 4 w. J ifland, and a land- ing efFedted within 16 m of Batavia, wnlch city furrendered on the approach of the army ; the French forces, by whom it had been garrifotied, 1 '•';; previonfly retired to a neighbouring fort. This fort w>.s immediately at- tacked, and taken by Itorm ; but the French general, with moft of the ca- valry, efcaped. They were afterward purlued, and being d. fcated in an ac- tion near Jattcalle, the French general capitulated, and furrendered all the Dutch poflTcirions to the Britifh. Bata- via is the capital. Jiivatt a town of Perfia, in Scliirvan, feated on the Kur, nearly oppoiite the influx of the Aras, 45 m s Schama- chio. Jauer, a town of Silefia, capital of a principality of the fame name, with a citadel, and a large fqiiarc, fnrrounded by piazzas. Near this place, in 1813, the allies gained a great viefory over the French. Itisfeatcd in a fine country, on the rivulet J.iucr, 35 m w by « ICE JtVilnaiit a town of France, inthe department of Viennc, Ci m n Poitiers. Jaxtberf^y 11 town and c;iltle of Fran- conia, in the principality of Wurtz- burg, on the river Jaxt, 10 m se Mer- gentheim. Iblla, a town of European Turkey, in Albania, fcated on the Diino, 55 ni K Scutari. Ibur)^, a town of Wcftphalia, in the principality of Olnaburg, Ofnaburg. ij m s by K ring lieft Breflau. Lon. 16 sj K, lat. 51 a N^, LdauJ, an idttid to the w of Nor- way, 26:) m long and illo broad, lyin^ between 6} and 67 n lat. The f.arli difcoverer on record was N-id-Joc, a famous pirate, who was driven here by a temped, in 861, v.hile )u a. voyage from Norway to the Feroc iflands. The firft fettler wan In^'ulf., a Nor- wegian of great opulence, who dread- ing th'j tyranny of his king, emigrated in X;4. fie was followed by fuch num- bers, that in the courfe ol. fixty years thej^iole coaft and moft of the habita- ble ^its are faid to have been occupied. The chiefs of the different colonies, notwithftanding intcftiiie broils, con- tinued as a republic till i :,6o, when they became fubjeds of Norway, and fubli:- quently of Denmark in 138- tothepre- fent time. The climate of Iceland i> very unfettled ; in winter there are fre- quent and fudden thaw?, and in fummer almoft as frequent fnow and froft ; but the northern part of tht; ifland has more fsvere weather than the fouthern. For two months together the fun never fets ; ;ind in the winter it never rifes for the fame fpace, at Icill not entirely. The ifland is mountainous, ftony, bar- ren, and dellitutc of trees ; but in Ibme places there arc excclli:nt paftures. On all parts of the coaft, the bays and har- bours are bolli nu mcrous and fafe. The chief rivers are in the e part ; the Skal- fanda, Oxarfird, and Bruna, all flowing from s to N i and there are extenfive frefli water lakes. The highcft moun- tains, clothed with perpetual fiiow, are called Yokuls ; and ofthefe Snsefell, a promontory on the w coaft, iseftcemed thehip'heft, beingcomputedat456ofeet. Mount Ilccla is 18 m from the s coaft, about 4000 feet in height, and a noted volcano; but there are feveral other voloanos, and many Ailphurous and hot fpriinjs. Some of the Litter, called Geytors, frequently throw up boiling water : the principal one has a bafin ji feet in diameter, and in the centre an orifice 17 feet over, in which the water rifes and falls ; and from this pipe, in violent exuptions, a column of boiling ;J :; ( ' ' Hi rr r, yvMvt i.i frz-qiiditly, hy a fiuliifn jct. t lip p«rpcn(li(.iil,irly loo frrt, or thrdv iM)iitfli.it.'<^'i'illy to,i^;riMtili(hncc. Tfif molt tifitr niloii. volcinic eruption onrrcoitl, ^iTomp.niird hy vicilnit win«l ;iiii! ii!!i. tiiok pUcc in thi!« illiiul in irJ!,'. On Sk.ipta;* Ydkiil, 40 m nf. of Jtccti, fhif't' fiii'-fpoiiis brolcr out in the Nv pit, v\|iicl), after rilinj to ;» coiiliilnahlc lirij:lit in t!if air, iniifril iiU'> .1 torrcn' vf lav^ th.it Mowed To- lix W(i.ks and r.iti a ilillancx- of f)o m to tlic fri, in a l-roken inctdth of abofe la n). By thiR dri'ulfid calamity, 11 rlvtTs wcrt drii'd up, 11 villagt» totally ovcrwhrlincd by rtrc or water, and 34 ▼cry HMti-riallv injiirrd : of the inhablt- .int», i:o p<'ri(licme the eftahliflicd religion. The ill ind is divided into four conmerci.d dillri(5ls, Reikiuvik, Efkefiord, Eyafiord, and Ifafiord, fo named from the chief ports. The town of Heikiavik, where ihc go- vernor ar.d biihop relide, confifts of about 70 wooden houlet^, with fcattered hu>s in the outfkirtb, and a church of JR A ftonr, covrnd with tile*. It is ihn prineipal plaec of traffic, ind (Unils on a bay of its name, in the sw part of the iflvKt. I.on. 3 1 51 w, lat. (^4 X n. Itliterhaufen, a town of ITppi-r Sax- ony,. in the principality of Oolha, u m ^■<^. ff<.fli.i. leefmii/I, or fonn, » famous littlr illand of Scotland, on** of th»" Hebrides, near the sw point of th»^ i(le of Mull. It i» only ^ m l(»ng, and products beauti- ful white marble. Here arc, the ruins of an atigud nunnery, monallery, and ca- ihcdr.d. Liitl to have be*-!) founded by St. Columba, about the year 7)5 ; alfo a fmall chapel, dedic ited to ."^t. Oran, contjining many marble tomb- (tones of the great lords of the illc-s; and ad- joining it is a cemctry, in which many ancient kings of Sv:«/tland, Ireland, and Norway, are buried. Other luins of mon iflic and druidicul edifices can be traced ; and many places are pointed out, noted for particular a^ls of St. Columba. 'i'his ill.ind was the retreat of learning, during the Gothic igi.orance which peivaded Knrope, after the over- throw of the Koman empire, and the feminary whence illued tho(e pious monks and laymen, who again revived learning, and propagated Chriltianily throtigh many kinniioms of Kurope, This place, formerly fu religioui, has now divine A-rvice performed only four times in the year. The only village it Sodor. Lon. 6 aow, lat. 56 ij N. Itliu a lofty and pointed mountain, in the middle of the illand of Candia, famous in ancient times as being the place on which Jupiter was brought up, and where there was a temple de- dicated to Cybcle. Ida, a mountain of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, famous in ancient fable, for tie judgment, of Pans, and for being the rcfort of the gods during the Tro- jan war. It is 140 m to the w of Olympus. I'JiUilia a Neiiva, a town of Portugal, in Beira, 3 m sw Idanhaa Vella. Idaiiha a Velluy a town of Portugal, in Beta. The French took jt by af- lault in 1704. It is felted on the I'on- iul, 25 m E Caftel Branco. Lon. 6 14 w, lat. .^9 39 N. Una, a town of Germany, in Car- iiiola, celebrated for rich quiekfilver mines ; feated amid mountains, on the river Idria, 20 m tsi- G<.rz. Idjlehi, a town of Germai y, in Wet- teravia, with a callle. the refidence of a l>ranch of the houfe of Nali'au, 32 m s\v V\'ctzlar. /.««, lot. a town of France, in the Germanyi in Car- lur rich quick lilver mountains, on the F G<>rz. Gcrmai y, in Wet- c. the r«li'1eiict.* of ie of N alia u, ai m of France, in the JED department of MofHIe, (eated on the Sarp, u m w Deux Ponti. Jran d' Angrlyt ■^V. a town of France, in the department of Lower C'harrnte, with a fine B<'iicdi(f\ine abbey. It was taken fronn the Iluguenote in \b\i, by I^wli XIII, who dt-molifhed the for- tifications. It is famous fur brandy, and ftrated on the liontonne, 15 m ne Santes, and ja &b Iluchclle. Jean tie Lo/m, St> a town of France, in the department of Cute d'Or, feated on the Saonc, 15 m sse Dijun. Jean de Luz^ St. a town of France, in th«; department of Lower Pyrenees, the laft next Spain, with a harbour. It owes its opulence to the cod and whale fi(hery, and is feated on a fmall river, near the bay of Bifcay, la m sw Bayonne. Lon. 1 40 w, lat> 43 45 s. Jean de Maurieunet St. a town of Savoy, capital of the county of Mau- rienne, and a biihop's fee. It is feated on the river Arc, 25 m kne Grenoble. Lon. 6 20 K, lat. 45 17 N. Jean Pied de Port, St. a town of France, 2n the department of Lower Pyrenees, defended by a citadel, upon an eminence, at the entrance of thofe Kaflcs, or defiles, in the Pyrenees, which ere are called PortH. It is feated c the river Nive, ao m sse Bayonne, and 30 NE Pamplona. Jean Ratel, a town of St. Domingo, on the N coaft of the n peninfula, with afort, lom ne St. Nicholas- Jifflphon, the largcft of the Japanefe iflands. The city has neither walls nor ramparts, is 9 m long and 6 broad, and contains i»ooo,ooo inhabitants. The houfes are built of earth, and boarded on the outfide, to prevent the rain from de- "roying the walls. In every ftrect is an iron gate, which is Ihut up in the »'ght, and a kind of cuftomhouf*, or JEM magazine, for merchandife. A fire hap- pened in i6.<;Rt which, in the Ipace of 48 hours, burnt down 100.000 huulcs, and the emperor's palace ; but the whole is rehiiilt. The imperial piKc«* is lurrounded by walls ami ditchet: with drawhridgen, forming of itiilf .1 con- iiderablc town, in the middle of the city. Where the emperor rflulen arc three towers, nine (loriis hi);h, each covered with plates of ^{old ; and the hall of audience is fupportcd by pillars of m.ifTy gold. Near the pi lace are fevcial others, where the relations of the emperor live. The empnfs has a palace of her own, and ther(; are ao i'mall ones for the concubineit. Befidct, all the valfal kingi have eich n palaca in the city, with a handlbmc ^Tar'.1en. The houf(!8 of the common clal's ate nothing but ground floor, the rooms parted by folding fkrecns ; fo that they can bo made larger or fnialler at plea- fure. Jedo is feated in a plain at the head of a Oiallow bay, and a river that pafles through it fuppliesfeveral canals. Lon. 139 30 E, lat. 36 10 N. Jegun, a town of France, in the de- partment of Gers, 8 m nnw Auch, and 13 s Condom. Jehudy or Joud^ mountains in the Nvr part of Ilindooftan, extending eaft- ward from Attock to Bchnbur. They are part of the territory of the moun- taineers culled Gickers, Gehkers, or Kakares. Jekyli a fmall ifland of N America, on the coaft of Georgia, s of the ifland of St. Simon. Jellafore, a town of Ilindooftan, in Bengal, feated on the Subanreeka, 4» m s by w Midnapour. JeU'mghy, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal, on the right bank of the Ganges, where a branch feparates from the main dream, and is called the Jellinghy river. It is 25 m E by s Moorjhedabad. Jemappeet a new department of France, including Auftrian Hainault and a fmall part of Flanders- It has its namie from a village, 3 m w by s Mons, where the French, in 1792, obtained a complete vi£U>ry over the Auftrlans. The capital is Mons. Jemptia, or Jemptlandy an inland province of Sweden, in Nordland, 120 m lortg and 75 broad. The w part, on the frontiers of Norway, is full of craggy rocks and high mountains ; but the E part is a champaign country, watered b^ lakes and rivers. It is di- vided into II pariflies, but has not one town. The inhabitants fuofirt chiefly by agriculture, grazing, hunting, and Z m J ER flOiing, »nd fupply the NorwegUni with iron-ware, (tccU «nd ieathrri of the lift they make (hoei, booti, and jacketi that are proof againft wet. Jtnot a ftrong town of Upper Sax- onvt in Thuringia, with a caltle and a celebrated unlverfity. Near this place, in 1806, the Frt-nch defeated the Pruf- funt, who (uffcrcd immeiifc lofi. It it floated on the Saai, 10 m iia Weimar. Lon. II 34 >• i^t. 50 55 jr. Jinija \ fee Ytnifti. Jemjkot \ fee Yenijeifk. JtnitT, a town of Upper Saxony, in the principality of Anhnlt'DefTiiu, litU' ate on the Muldau, a ni ne Deffau- Jtniixa, a town of European Turlccy, ii; Macedonia, fituate on a lake which communicates with the gulf of Saloni- chi, by a canal, la m long. If is 14 m WNw Salonichi. Je»0, a town of Upper Hungary, ao m s Great Waradin, and 48 Nsiicgcdin. Jtrtm'u, a town and cape on the H fldn of the s peninfula of 8t- Domingo. The town is fituate on an eminence, at the mouth of a rivulet, and the vicinity is particularljr excellent for the culture of coffee. It II 130 m w Port au Prince. Lon. 74 14 w, lat. 18 40 n. Jerich; 9. town of Syria, in Paleftine, once a famous ciiv* It is now culled Herubi by the Arabs, and contains only a few wretched huts, where fome beg- garly Arabs reiide. It is 5 m w of the river Jordan, and 10 k by w Jerufalem. Jeriehot a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Magdeburg, fituate on the Elbe, 32 m n ne Magdeburg. Jermah, a town of the kingdom of Eezzan, which aowconQftsofclay-built cottages. Numerous herds of Hieep and goats feed around it, and many ma- jeftic ruins exhibit veftiges of its forme / greatnefs. It is 60 m sc Mourzook. Jet fey, an ifland in the Englifli chan- nel. 18 m from the coaft o^ Normandy in France, and 84 s frorn Portland in Dorfetfliire. It is fub-'ed to the E..3- lilh, but (till governed by the ancient Norman laws. It is 30 m in circuit, and difficult of accefs. on account of the rocks, fands, and. forts erefted for its defence. The vallies are finely watered by brooks, and abound with cattle and fmall fheep. It produces excellent butter and honey, and the s rart is nearly covered with app\e-trees for cider. The number of inhabitants is efti mated at ao,ooo, of whom 3000 bear arms. It has two towns, St. Helier and St. Aubin, both fituate on St. Aubin bay, on the s fide of the inand. The town of St. Au^io ftan4« .1 E R ai the w end of tb« bay. and isinhahtf> ed princip^ilty by merchants and man- nrrt I but it «t not half the fizr of that of St. V .IliT. It has a fort, called thu Tower, and. on alof\y kill, the creation of a cita rilbn, tonk the g«)ViTnor prifon»T, and compelled him to fign a capitulation ; but major Pierfon, the nt'xt incommand, rcfufmg to abide by this forced capitula- tion, alt.ickcd the French, and made them furrcndcr prifonern of war ; but he was killed in tne moment uf victory. See Utlitrt St. Jtr/ey. Seiu, one of the United States or America, 161 m long and sa broad ; bounded on the J, by Hudfon river and the Atlantic ocean, s bv Delaware bay and river, w by PtinfvN vania. and v by a line drawn from the mouih of Mahakkamac river in lat. 41 a4 to a point in Hudfon river in lat. 41. It it divided into 13 counties ; namely, Cape Mary, Cumberland, Salem, Glou. cefter, Burlington, Huiitcrdi^n, Suflex. Bergen, Effex, Middlefex, Monmouth, Somtrfct, and Morris; the !uft two are mountainous* and one fourth of the others are fandy and barren. The hilly country feeds great quantities of cattli- ; the barren part produces little elfe but (hrub-oaks and vellow pines ; and tlu.* Tandy lands yield an immenfe quantity of bog iron ore, which is worked up tu great advantage in the numerous iron- works in this ftate. llie fo*l in oth<:r parts is fertile, producing plenty of corn, and fruit of all kinds common to the climate. The principal rivers are, be- fide the boundary onesi the Hackiniac, Pafiaic, and Kariton. In 18 10 the number of inhabitants was 345,56: Trenton is the capital. JerufaUm, a fariious city of SyriK, in Paleftine. It was the capital Ot Judea, after David had conquered the Jebufite ; and in the reign of Zcdekiah. it wasi taken by Nebuchadnezzar, who led the Jews captive to Babylon, it was afterward taken by the Romanst and ruined, together with the Temple, 70 years after the birth of Chrift, as was foretold by him- Emperor Adrian built a new city, near the ruins of ancient Jerufalcm; including the fummit ot" Mount Moriah. and a fmall part of Mount Sion. It was taken by the Per- fians in 614, and the Saracens in 6j<> In 1099 it was retaken by the crufaders, who founded a kingdom that lafted 88 years, under nine kings Saladin, king ofEgyytand Syrb, gotpofleffioaofit f, and ii inhahi<-» haul* and m»ri- f the flx'' of lh«t I fort, cttUed the ' kill, the ireiUon jr a'J»»iiccd. I" French tro«>p» (urpTlftd lh< g"* iM>r prifonfr, and -n a capitulation ; !n«*xt in command, ill forced capitula- ffcnch, and made jnern of war ; but moment of irittory. ,e of the United i6i m long and Si , the i by Hud Ion »ntlc ocean, » by river, w by P«nfvl- bi" drawn from the mac river in lat. 41 dfon riter in lat. 4>' 1 counties ; namely, Irland, Salem, Clou. Hunterdon, sulTcx, ddlet'e*, Monmouth, rriii thelafttwoart- I one fourth of f,, idbamn. Thehily It Quantiiiea of cattle; orfucet little clfe but hUow pinea; andthi: an immenfe quantity rhich iB worked up to n the numevow iron- e ITjc foil in other ducing plenty of corn, tindi common to the incipal rivers are, be- r oneo, the Hackinlac, riton. In liJ'o «>« blUntt was a45»5»« pit»l« ,« . . r.>ous city of Syria, 111 » the capital of Judea, onqueredthcjebufite-, , ol Zedekiah. it wa* ichadnexzar, who Icci ^ to Babylon. It wa! by the Romans, and r with the Temple, 70 birth of Chrift, as was Emperor Adrian bull ir the ruins of ancient luding the fummit ot . and a fmaU part of t was taken by the Pet- md the Saracens, in 63». etakenbythecrufadcr^ kingdom that lafted 8 Ine kings Saladin.k. lyria, got poffcffion of H J E R In 1187. The Turku «'xpellfd the Ssra- cent in 1417, havi* kept pofr<'fli«>ii of it ivcr finer, and call it Htlttdi^ that Is, the Holy City. They hive .i cnvernor here, who !ivr« in great ftate. I'hc city has ftc»'Q afcrnta on evi-iy fide, except ihc f ; and being almoft hirroiindcd by valleys encompafTed with moiintain^, it fof m« to ft.md in the middle of an am- phitheatre, and prefcnti, to the ap- proaching travfllor, a magnificent af- lemblage of domes, towers, pal.icei, rliurchen, nnd monadcries. It ii of a filiiare form, fiirrounded by a wall, in which are (l:c gates, and is nearly 3 m In circuit. The brook Ktdron flows in the valley on its k lide, alone the font of Mount Olivet. The houics are lofty, with flat roofs ; and as no windows ap- pear on the lower ftoiies, and thofe above are latticed, the ftrcrts which .ire narrow, feem to be between hi'»!i walls. The baz.irs ar>- covered over, .md have few articles in them cxpofed fjr fiilr, through fear of Turkifli rapacii y. The Armenians and Jews difpole of ivs manu- fadturci to a great extent ; theft* are beads, rofaries, amulets, crnfTes, Oiclls, 8:c. The (bolls (moth-r-of-pearl) arc formed into various fliapes ; the largclt and moft perfcit are made into clafps for the zones of the Grecian ladies of C) -us and the Archipelago. But what p-niicrs the city confiderable Is the great rffott of pilgrims; for the inhabitants accommodate them with lodgings and provilions, which is their chief buflncfs. A bafhaw, with a guard of janiflaries, always refides here, to proteA them from the Anibs. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which the pilgrims came principally to vifit) was a farge ftru^ture, with a round nr>ve, and had no light, but what came through the top; and diredtly under the opening ofthedom^, was the Holy Sepulchre, placed in a fmall chapel, with three ho1(s in the roof, to let out the fmoke of many lamps, which were always kept lighted. The whole of this building was dcftroyed by fire in 1810. The mofque of Omar, built by a caliph of that name, in the feventh century, on the fide of the temple of Solomon, is a lofty Saracenic edifice ; with a capacioi. s dome, and tlie moft magnificent piece ofarchitcd^.ire in the Turkifh empire. The Francifcan monaftcry of St. Sal- vador is a laige building like a fortrefs ; and a part of it, furrou'nding : fpacious open court, is appropriated to the re- ception of pilgrims, for whc'e mainte- nance the monks have confiderable Uind8. The Armenian monaftciy 'n the Jl D Urged in the city, :in., lat. ;^x 47 >;. JfJ, a town of It. sly, In AnccnJi, fcatcd on a mountain, n* .ir the livi r Fiiimcfins, tj m w*w Anama. 'ftjfflmere^ a town of lliiiduon.in, !tl the province of Agimere, and rirc.ir of Bick.niifer, 70 m w by n Miclv.ine« r. Jt'i,'o^ a l.irkte ifland, lyiuK lictwccii thofe of Niphon and Saghnlu n. Jt is c1 an lin-gular >.)rm, 350 m htpg and from 80 to :i'j broad ; the narrow pari is in the s, toward Niphoi;, from wiiieli it h fcparatcJ by the llr^it of Sanger. It Vi full of wo'tds ; and the naMven, who live by lifliin}; and hunting, arc llrong, robuft, Hivage, mid flovenly, when cum- pared to the Jap.ini fc. They are called AinoN, and arc now driven (Vom tiic fouthein parts of the iiliiid by thn Japunefc, who have here liinie colonies. The i1;ind is generally detm'd Itibjedt to Japan ) but it may be rather con- fi Icred as a foreign conquelt than as a part of the civilized enipire. Their principal fettlement Is Matfumay, and they givR that name to the whole ifland. The sE point is in Ion. 14230 k, lat. 40 ?o K. Jf/us cfCoulemu, the capital of the province of Itata, in Chili. It is cele- brated for excellent wine, and ft.inds near the mouth of the Ii.ita, 50 m i* Conception. Lon. 7a ao w, lat. 36 1 s. Jnnr, a town of WtAphalia, in E FricOand, capital of a territory of its name, a8 m ne Embden. If, an ifland In the Meiiiterr?nean, on the coaft of France, the moft eaftern of the three before the harbour of Mar- feilles, and well fortified. Iglau, a fortified town of Moravi::, capital of a circle of the fame name, with two convents and a college. Good cloth is manufatflurcd here, and the commerce in corn and hemp is confi- derable. It is feated on the I-li, 40 m WNwBrinn. Lon. 1532 e, l.it. 49 28 n. Iglefias^ a town of Sardinia, and a bifliop's fee, 37 m wsw C'agliari. Lon. 8 39 t, lat. 30 18 K. Ihor ; fee Johore. Jiddoi a feaport of Arabia Felix, on the Red Tea, in the flieritTate of Mecca. A very confiderable trade is carried on here, this city being a mart between Egypt and India. The fliips from Suea feldoin procc-ed further than this port, and thofe from India are not fufiered to advance to Suez. The Englilh are par- ticularly favoured in the trade of this place- Jidda has no frcih water) ansl Z 7, ILC U Atuate in a barren Uittl^f liiftriA, 34 m wiw Mrccii, of which it it the port. Lon. 11; 11 r, lai. ai so n- Jiniala, a tuwti of Ncgrutnndt capi* tal of an ifland fo called, which ii form* rd by two branchcn of the Niger that fep^iratc at leaving the Uko Dibbici und unite again about 15 m from Tombuc- too. The town it a rcfting place for traders between Tombu^too and thr wi'ftern p>irt. of the rountrv. It ftandt on the w branch of the Niger, 80 m sw Tombudloo- Lon. o 16 k, iat. 16 4 N. JioHfiour, A town ofllindooftan, ca- pitiil of a circar of the fame name, in Allahabad, It U ieated on the Ooomty i and net far from the conflux of that river with the Ganges U the fort of JioHnoiir, on a high bank commanding the bridge over the Ooomty- This place was at one time the f<>at of an empire; and (ultun Shirki built the Sreat muijud, or maufolcuni, which is ill remaining. The Itonr bridge over the Ooomty conflfts of 16 pointed arches ; and on thn top of it are manv little (hops on both fides. It was built in 1567, and has hitherto withftood the force of the ftreum, which, in the time of the rains frequently flows over the bridge; and in 1774 a brigade of the Britifh army paHcd over it in boats. Jionpour is 48 m nw Benares. Lon. 8a «5 K, Iat. 15 45 n. lAeru, a town of Hindooftan, in Myr* fore, formerly the capital of a princi- pality. The lad rajah fled in 1789, for Ifear Tippoo Ihould compel him to be- come a Moofelmin, and foon after pro- cured a friendly Nair toflioot him dead. It was of a great fize, furrounded by three concentric walls ; but the court being removed to Nagara, the inhabit- ants willingly followed, and devada- tion fuccccded. Ruins, and a large temple in ^ood repair, are all that re- mains. It IS 24 m N Nagara. J/a ; fee I/Ja. Jlak, or Jalak, a town of Nubia, on the river Nile, fuppofed by fome to be the ancient Meroe. Lon. 34 30 e, Iat. 18 48 N. Ilanz, a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Grifons, formerly capital of the Grey League. It is partly furround- ed by walls, and feated on the Rhine, 23 m sw Coire. Ilcheftert or Ivelchefter, a borough in Somerfetfhire, with a market on Wed- □cfday. It is of great antiquity, and once had 16 churcheS} but now only one, at the w end of which is an oAa- goaal towerj fuppored to be built with ILL Koinan nateriaU. Here ar* alfo v.«- rlotii relic* of monaftic antlquitiee. ft It the biithpl.icc of th« celebrated Roger Bacon. Theele/\ion of the coun- ty mcmb w by % London. Lon. } 37 w, Iat. 50 )6 n. lldffumfh^ Si. A town of Spain, in New CalMIr, noted tor amAgniflccnt fummcr [)aljce. built by Philio v, and for a arge manuf-tiiturc of glalt, beloii({inK lo the crown. It it (cated on the Cogol- ludo, 5 m N Uzeda. lUffonj'ot St. a town of N«'w Spain, in the province of Guax.ic.i, Ic.itcd on a mouiituin, 70 ni r.nv. Guaxaca. Lon. 97 ao w, Ut. 17 < N. l/tltrton, a village in Northumber. land, 4 m t Woolcr. On n hill near it it a fcmicircular encampment, defended by two high lampiers of earth, and a deepfofle, with an inner circle of Aones, which appear uncemcntcd. The aro is about 100 yards diameter, and con* tains many remains of biiiUlingb. Jlfraeomh, a leaport in DevonOiire, f(o. verncd by a mayor, with a market on Sj* tuid.iy. It hat a (pacioiis natural bafln, with a good oier and quay, projedtini; into the Briflol channel. Thin port em* ploys a number of brigs and (loops, chiclly in carrying ore from t'ornwall, coal from Wales, and corn from Briltol, alio a number of fiftiing fliilTri, which take foles, turbots, &c. for the Briftol market. It is 49 m nnw Exeter, and aoa w London. Lon. 4 < w, Iat. 51 14 n. I/fieoJt a province of orafil, s of tliat of All Saints Bay. The chief town, ut the fame name, Rands at the mouth of the river llheos, 130 m ssw St. Salvador. Lon. 40 15 w, Iat 14 S<( >> I/Auchf a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of Cracow, remarkable for its filvcr and lead mines ; feated in a barren country, at the foot of feveral mountains, 15 m NW Cracow. JlUt a town of France, in the depart- ment of Eallcrn Pyrcnnees, on the river Tcck, 10 m SE Perpignan. Ille and VVaine, a department of France, containing part of the late pro- vince of Bretagne. It takes its nrnie from two rivers, which unite at Renue:>i the capital of the department. Illen a river of Germany, which rifcs in Tyrol, runs n through Suabia, by Kempten, Memmingen, and Kirchberg) and joins the Danube near Ulm. IlUicast a town of Spain, in Ne^ Caftile, 15 m ssw Madrid, and 15 nn£ Toledo. Iinnoh, a river of the United States, be United States, 1 M i: formed by thv Jundion t<»vr the Innnx of dir Midou by a mouth 4ooyard>i wid( Itnuwaiuroiigh A rich fertile country, and receive* a v.ift numhtr of riviri that are iiatlRable lor hoata from 15 to iH j milra. I//inoii, .1 lutKf trrritory ol'thf f Jnitcd SUtci, bounded ou the n by Upper C.inAdj, K by the territory orMiclii^.in, ^ by linii.in ri\rr Volkhof ; and to the a, by the Mlla, thi." Woloc/.ok canal, and the Ti-ver/a, it communic.ttcs with the river Volga. Ilmenau, a town of Upper Saxony, in the county of Ilenneburg. Near it in a mineral (pring, uifo n copper and fdver mine. It is fcAtcd near the fourcc of the llm, 17 m ksr Smalkalden. Ilmtnjhr, a town in Somcrfetfliire, with .1 market on Saturday, and n manu- fadlure of narrow cloths. Here in n handfomc church, with a glazid tower, and a freefchool founded by Edward v 1. It is I'eutcd amon^ hills, near the river Ille, 16 m sw Wells, and 136 w by s London. Ufeyt a town in Berkihire, with a market on Wednefday, feated between two hillS) 14 m NW Re.iding, and 54 w London. lljlt a town of Holland, in Friedand, Teated on the Weymar, la m s Le- warden. lyiropt a town of Sweden, in W Gothland, a; m sse Qotheborg. Iltent a town of Lower Saxony, in the principality of Luneburg, 16 m ssw Zell. Utxhofen^ a town of Suabia, in the territory of Halle, 8 m ne Halle. Imbrot an iiland in the Archipelago, about ao m in circuit. It is mountain- 0U8 and woody, with plenty of game. Lon. a5 44 e, lat. 40 10 N. Imeritia, or Imerethi, a country of Afii, which with Miogrelia compre- hends the ancient Colcbii. It is bouod- rd (in the N by Cjucalla, I by Georgia, of which it wan formerly a part, • by Turkith Armenia, and w by Ouriel and Mingrrlia The revrnui'* of thif ci.ar arife from a contribution of the peaftnti in winr, grain, aiitl cattle, nnd from the tribute of the nclghbourini( princes t and among the extraordinary lource* of rrvenup, conflfcation^ hav« a conlidrrable (h.ir«. This country, as well as Mingrclij, is now depend* ent on Kudiu. The inhabitants, eiti- mated at a 0,000 familim, arc Icatttrcd over the country in fmall hamlets. They fend yearly coufidcrable <|uan« titles of wiiK* to the Neighbouring parts uf Georgia* in le,-itlirrn bags, carried by horfcM i out they are without manufac- tures, very poor and miferible, and cruelly opprrfled by their landlords. The Imerethians are of the Greek r»- ligion. Their churches .ire fcurcely to tie diltinguilhed from common cottages, but by a paper crol's over the principal door, ana lome paintings of the virgin and the f.iii)ts. Cutais is the capital. Immtnhauj'en, a town of Germany, in the principality of Ilofle-Caflcl, 8 m NKw CafTel. Immrnjiadi, a town of Suabia, in the couti y of Koiiigfegg, fltuate on a Imall river, which loon after joint the Her, tarns Kempten. Jmola, an epifcopal town of Italy, in Romagna, with a Arong citadel It is furrnunded by walls, towers, and ditches; contains 16 churches and 17 conventfi and isfeated on the Santerno, 13 m w by fl Ravenna, and 45 nnb Florence. Lon. 1 1 45 e, lat. 44 28 tt. Imperial^ a town of Chili, formerly a fine city, but deftroyed by the Indians, feated on a river of its name, which flows into the Pacific ocean, 60 m n Valdivia. Incot .1 town of Majorca, furrounded by vineyards and ulmond-trces, at m NE Pulma. Inchbrayockt a fmall iRand of Scot- land, in Forfarihire, within the mouth of the S Elk, near Montrofe. It is lately become of importance from its two bridges; one of done, which communi- cates with the fouthern ihore, the other a draw-bridge, which connedts the idand with Montrofe. It has alio a large and convenient dry dock. Inchcolm, a fmall idand of Scotland, in the frith of Forth, near the village of Aberdour, on the coaft of Fife. Here is a fmall fort, ercAed by government for the prote^ion of the fnth. Alfo the ruin of a famous monaftery, founded by Alexander i, who was driven to this Ik f'K r Ml Ifland III a trmpcftt and hofpitAbly UMt* t(l by a hrrmU. * tmhg^rvit, A (Vnall ifland o^ {lrol< |\tul. nrarty In thf mulitU <>> the |U(I.ikc over the Forth, At Quccnufrrry, in I.Jn- itthguwihirc in 1799, ita fortiHcAtiona vvcrr rcp.iir<(i. and lour 14 poundfri mounlril iin Ihrm. iHilikftik, a fin ill injnd of Sootland. In the trith >f Konh, lyiiiR miiiwAv br- twrni thr ()ort« t>i Lcith 4iul KiiiKnorn. IIoT** ii an rxcvliciit lighthrufc, and a ruiii'tiii iort' Iufhrntiriee, ,1 Imall ilLind of Scot* land, on the »w Adn of thr ifli* of Mule- nf* hi* ruin of .1 ch ipel dedicated to St. M.4rnoc ii Kill to \k Icrn | and on the w tidr are vail Itnitaoi't-oral and ihrlli. Ir.f/tii, a town of Swrden, in McdeU p.idia.«>n a river of the fame tiamr, near itf* ciurancc into the fuli'of Uutl)iii.i| ij ni N l>y w i dilHiiguilhcd both in Alia and Europe by the name of Hinduodan- The ceun> tries to the k of the river Burampnotcr (.namely Aracan, Adam, Birmah, Cam- lM>dia,Cochinchina, Lao, Malacca, Pegu, hiam, and Tonquin) which Ibme geo- graphers have diAinguiHird by the name of India beyond the Ganges, arc no more to be confidered as belonging to India, than the bordering countries of Perda, Tartary, and Tibet. Sec //<«- Indiana, a teriitory of the United States of America; bounded on the n by the territories ci Illinoin-and Mi- chijran, u Ly the Great Miami, which divides it in part from the ftate of Ohio, s by the river Ohio, which feparatcs it from Kentucky, and w by the river Mif- fiiTippi, which part.'* it from Loiiifiana. The other principal rivers are the Illinois and Wabalh. This country contains much fine land ; but the white inhabit- ants are at prcfcnt few. In 18 10, the ])opulation was 24,5^0. Vincennes is tlie capital Indians, the name by which the ori-< I N I) final natives of America ar^ f<>n<*rallf call«d. Thrfr people are CcatUrrcd through the ittent of the two vaA con- tiitrni*! of whtMn it is iiblrrvshlc, tlut there is a natural dillmCtion bctwcrn the nalivi's of the temperate xom^s and thole of the torrid xone i .>nd that, ac* cnrdiiigly, they may be diviil^l Into tw«» grr.it (lairs The one comptrticnU -dt the N Amtiicaus, from thr river St. [.jwrcncc to the gulf of Mexico, to|{r> liter with the propic of Chili and a tew fm.ill trilics tow.tnl the extremity of the foul hern continent. To die other belong all the inh.tbitaiits of the iOands and iholv f'ttled in the provincci, which extend from the iUhmut of Daritn, si- molt to the r.)Uthrrn conhnes of Uralil, along the 1 r.ut lildcuiliuii bctwcrn rmpcMtr xonn aoil tnr . .'(Ill iKut, ic* t)c tliviilcd into tW(t )nv comptrhrmig »rom thr nvcr St. If (if Mrxico, to* r« of ( liili uitd .1 Icvr the rxtrcmity of nil. To i\\< other itjiiitl of the in:iiuia K* provincri, winch mil* of Darit-n, al* 1 conhnrg of Kr^iil, Andci. Id |Ii« prchrniU all the re- ito /iiint. ill Antcrici thr hitman Iprciri tf) he more pcrfriK ITV Kibiill, a^llvc, in< mkcouh; and havf ty vviiii p« rlfvirirg le Europ^aiii, who :r rudr n.itioni uf I Krcatcit taU*. The pcralf y.oiiei an" the I* Ntw WoiUl who icir frfodom to their M Amcricms, though by three forinidablc retain part of their I i and tlif pcoplf of r invadodi Itili nuin« it«'ll with thn Spa- t boundi to thfir en- the warmtr ngionii Ft'eLU- in their lianie, the ift'urts of their but daftardly (pirit, ploafure, and more Accordingly, it it that the Europeans illy fflablillted their mcrica ; and if fe- llill enjoy indcpend- :aufe iney have never in enemy already h- ttt, and poflTcneil of an he was able to OC' hoy have been faved their remote and in- . Thin diftinftion, 1 fo confpicnous, i» ' the manners of the >« a general idea may ccount of thofe who 1M to the E of the ■ confiU of a8 differ- principal of which , Chickafaws, Chuc- 1 NO tawra, Crrt k«. UrUwart*, the Six N4' tioni, thr Ah4W4ti«*('r, iiuroni, lllliiuli, he- Allowing about 700 to 4 nation or Iribfi they will cnniain In all totooo fouli, and may fiirniih atiout ioc>« war* riori. '1 lirle Indiana iig the Indiana all mcik art* equal, perfonal qualities being molt ef« teemed No diftin^tiun of birth, or rank, renders any man capable of doing f>rrjudice to the rights of private per- (>n«: and ihcrr ia no pre-eminence from merit, which brgets pridv, and which makes others too fenltblr of their own infiilorlty. Their public conferences fhow them (o be mm of genius i and they have in a hi^h degree the talent of natural elo<)Uence. 1 hey live dilperfed in villages, either in thr woods, or on the banks of riven, where they have little plantatioiM of maixr and roots, not enough to lupply their familirk half the year | aiul tliry fublid, the remain* der of it, by hunting, fdhing, and fowl- ing, and the fruits of the earth, which grow fpontaneoufly in great plenty. Their huts are generally t>uilt ot fmall logs, and covered with bark | each hav> ing a chimney, and a door, on which they place a padlock One of their towns, called Old Chelicothe, is built in the form of a parallelogram ( and fomc of their houfes are thingled. A long council-houfe extends the whole length of the town, where the king and chiefs of the nation frequently meet, and confult on all matters of impoit* ancc, whether civil or military. Some huts are built by fettin^ up a frame on forks, and placing bark agamfl it; others of reeds, and lurrountfed with clay. The fire is in the middle of the wigwam, and the (moke paffes through a little hole. They ioin reeds together by cords run through them, which Arve them for tables and beds. They moAly lie upon (kins of wild beafts, and fit on the ground. They have bral's kettles and pots to boil their food. Gourds or calabaihes, cut afunder, ferve them for pails, cups, and diihes. The account! of travellers, concerning their religion, are various ; and although it cannot he abfolutcly atiirmed that iney have none, yet it is very difficult to define what it IS. All agree that ihey acknowledge one Supreme God, but do not adore him. They have not feen him, they dp not know him ; bclicvmg him to be (b far exalted above them, aud tuo i / IND happy in himfcif, to be concerned about the trifling affairs of poor mortals. They Jct-m alfo to b«lievc in a future (late, and that after d»*ath they ihsll he removed to their friends who have ^one before them, to an clylium or paradife. The WyandortB, near Detroit, and lome others, h.ivr? the Roman eithotic reli- gion introduced among them by raif« fioriarics. Tlief; have a church, a mi- niftiT, and a rcijular burying ground. Many of them appear zpaioun, and fay pray ITS in their familien. Thcle, by their acquaintance with white people, are a little civilifcd, which moft of no- ccfTity procedf Chriftianity. The Sha- wanefe, Cherokers. Chiclcafliws, and fomc others, are little concerned about religion. Oihers continue their former luperftitious worHiip of the objects of their love and fear, and efpecially thofe beings whom they molt dread; though, at the fame time it ia allowed they pray to the f' I, and other inferior benevo- lent deities, for fucccfs in their undcr- takinps, for plenty of food, and other neccflaries of life. Thcj* have their feftivals, and other rejoicmg dayi, on whirh Ihey fing and dance in a ring, taking hands, having ib painted and difguifed themfelves, that it is difficult to know any of them ; and after enjoy- ing this diverfion for a while, they retire to the place where they have 'prepared a feaft of fifli, flefli, fowl, and fruit 5 to which all are invited, and entertained with their country fongs. They be- lieve that there is great virtue in feafts for the fick, which is concluded by finging a mod: harmonious, melan- choly fong ; in which (train their mu- (ic is particularly excellent. As they approach their towns, when feme of their people are loft in war, they make great lamentations for their dead, and bear them long after in remembrance. Some nations abhor adultery, do not approve of a plurality of wives, and arc not guilty of theft ; but there are other tribes notfo fcrupulous. Among the Chickafaws, a hu(band may cut off the nofe of his wife, if guilty of adultery ; but men are allowed greater liberty. This nation defpifes a thief. Among the Chcrokees, they cut off the nofe and ears of an adultrefs; after- ward her hufband givc'S her a difcharge, and from this time (he is not permitted to refufe any one who prefents him- felf. Fornication is unnoticed ; for they allow perfens in a (ingle ftate unbounJ- ed frecdt.in . Their form of marriage is fljort : the man, befoi'c witneffes, gives the bride a deer^e foot, and (he in re- IND turn prefents him with an ear of corn, ai emblems of their feveral duties. The women are very flaves to the men ; which is ufual in rude unpoliihed na- tions throughout the world. Their king has no power to put any one to death by his own authority ;, but the murderer is generally delivered up to the friends of the dcccafed, to do as thoy pleafe. When one kills another, his friend kills him, and fo they con- tinue until much blood is (hed ; and at laft the quarrel is ended by mutual prefents. Their kings are hereditary, but their authority extremely limited. No people afiTurd a more ftriking evi- dence of the mifcriei5 to which mankind are expoled *^rom the want of govern- ment than they. Every chief, when of- fended, breaks off with a party, fettles at fome di/tance, and then commences hodilities againft his own people. They are generally at war with each other. When they take captives in war, they are exceedingly cruel, treating the un- happy prilbners in (uch a manner, that death would be preferable to life. They load them with burdens, and when they arrive at their towns, thoy mud run the gauntlet. In this the favagrs excrcife fo much cruelty, that one would think it impoffible they fliould furvive their fuffcrings. Many are killed ; but if one outlives this trial, he is adopted into a family as a fon, and treated with pa- ternal kindnefs. But fometimeit their prifoncrs are deftined to be tortured to death, in order to fatiate the revenge of their conquerors. While their lot is in fufpenfe, the prifoners appear alto- gether unconcerned about what may befall them ; and when the fatal fen- tence is intimated to them, they receive it with unaltered countenance, raife their death-fong, and prep'^e to fuffer like men. The prifone are tied naked to a (take, but fo as to be at liberty to move round it. AH prefent, men, wonien, and children, rufli upon them like furies ; fome burn their limbs with red-hot irons, fome mangle their bodies with knives, others tear their fle(h, pluck off their nails, and rend and twift their finews. In fpite of all their fufferings, the victims continue to chaunt their death-fong with a firm voice ; they boaft of their own exploits, i!iey infult their tormentors for their want of (kill to avenge the death of their friends and relations, they warn them of the vengeance which awaits them for what they are now doing, and excite their ferocity by the moft pro- voking reproaches and threats. Weary rofcorn»ai utiea. The the men ; >ohlhed na- Id. Their any one to y ; but the ered up to I, to do as ills another, they con- (hed ; and 1 by mutual hereditary, ely limited. ftriking evi- ch mankind of govern- ef, when of- ;uty, fettles commences opie. They each other, n war, they ing the un- tanner, that ulife. They d when they nuft run the grs excrcife ATould think iirvive their ; but if one ilopted into ed with pa- Etimes their tortured to e revenge of their lot is appear alto- what may le fatal fen- they receive nance, raife I'-e to fuffer are tied as to be at All prefent, I, ruih upon 1 their limbs nangle their 3 tear their nd rend and ; of all their :ontinue to vith a firm wn exploits, irs for their be death of , they warn hich awaits 7 doing, and B moft pro- it«. Wearjf ! ■,H«»,.«lt*h'!l» I? i *^ .. Ctun.of ^ua. D^ CtbnmndUAuU JCquator <^- Ei|ii inodUl Line Xonvitudc A/ '.»'<'' i^ feni, .em^urSv ar»- ' ^«wi|ii^ »»»'• • «<•••• 'M .•/.■ .«««r**«w»ip «««•• cMPt ■• • • «•#•». • "^ *-• , t V • / • /(rf* /Mm/. ^-^ * / ill ■•^»-TfH» -!.*> ••t'klM*<4J tL iJi' 'pMTKuia Dominic I J*. L-?. INO at length with contcmling with men whofe conibncy th«y caiinnt vanauUli, fbme chief piitH a periixl to their fufTi-r- tiigs, by ilifbitchiriir them with hit dag- ger or ni* club. The people of S Ame- nca gratify their revenge in a n.anner fomevvh.it different, but with the f,'al and the China fca as far s as Ni'w liolland. The mofl wt'ftern of the ill.nuls are the Mal- dives, and the moll eaflern the Moluc- cas; bctwren which .ire levcral very lari;e ones, a» Ci-ylon, Sumatra, Java, Romeo, and Celebes; belide many others of conndcr^ble importance as to richct-, thuu>;h mncli infeiior in extent. IndifSt li'eft, the name given tt) a great number orilloids in the Atlantic ocean, which txtenil acroftt the entrance of the gulf of Mexico, from the nw ex- tremity of the Bahama iflands off the toall of Florida, to the ifland of Toba- go, ;o m fn>m the coafl of Terra rirnia. Cub i is tlie moft wcltcrn, and Hubados the mi)ft eaflern of theft; illands. When Columbus difcovered them in 1493. he confidered ihi:m as part of thole vift regions in Afia com- prehended under the general name of India i to reach which, by a w courfe acrofs the AiUntic, had been the grand object of his voyage. This opinion w.i« fo general, that Ferdinand .nnd IfabelU, king and queen of Cafiile, in their rati- fication of a giant to Columbus, upon his return, gjve them the name of Indies* Eveii after the error thit gave rife to this opinion was detet^led, nnd the pnfition of the New World al'certained, the name has remained ; and the appellation of Weft In(!ies is given to thefe ifiands, a.. 2 that of Indians to the inhabitants, not only of the illands, but of the con- tinent of America. Thefe ifiands are likewife called the Caribe Ifiands, from the aborigines of the country ; and the fea in which they lie is called the Cari- bean Sea. By the French they are called the Antilles; and navigators dif- tinguifh them, from the different courfes taken by fhips, into the Leeward and Windward Ifiands, which fee. The name of Caribe fhould properly be con- fined to the fmaller ifiands, lying in a femicircle between Porto Rico and Trinidad. Thefe were inhabited by the Caribs, a fierce race of Indians, nowife refembling their timid neighbours in the larger ifiands. Columbus was a witnefs to their intrepid valour ; and the fame character they have maintained invaria- bly in all fubfequent contefls with the Europeans. The Britifh iflands are Jamaica, Barbados, St. Chriflopher, Antigua, Anegada, Nevis, Montferrat, Barbuda, Auguilla, Dominica, St. Vin- cent, Granada, the Bahama Iflands, and fnt of the ^'ir«?ln llhnd*. Tm 8pi- nurd* hivf Cub.!, I'oitu Rico, Trini- d.ici, and MArgarita . the Prrnch, Ou;i« djhiUDf, MArig;il4ntr, Dt'lr:i«lu, llif- Eaniol.1, Tub4t((>. Marlinicn, and St ucia ( thi' Dutch, St. F.utlAtii, Cura- cao, Sab.i, and St. Martin { the Danci, St. Thom.i', Si. Croix, the capital. Indre .ind LoWe^ a department of France, including the late province of Touraine. Tuura is the capital Ittiiui, or Hindi, a great river of Hin- dooftfln, formed of about ten principal Areami, which defcend from the Perfian and Tibetian mountains. From the city of Attock to Moultan, or to the influx of the Chunaub, it is commonly named the rivet- of Attock. Below the city of Moultan, it proceeds in a s direction, through the province of that name, and that of Sindy ; and enters the Arabian fea, by an extended delta of mouths, NW of the gulf of Cutch. Sec Tatta. On the e of the Iiidus is a great fandy defert, near 500 m in length, and from 60 to 150 in breadth. Ineada, a town of European Turkey, in Romania, with a harbour on the 3lack fea, 60 m e by n Adrianople. Lon. 27 40 w, Iat. 41 5s n. Infanto, a town of Spain, in Mancha, near the river Jabalon, 41m ese Ciudad Real. Jttgej^n^tnt a town of Franconia, in the principality of Hohenlohe, feated on the Kocher, ao m ssw Mergentheim. Ingeih^itHt a town of France, in the department of Mont Ton«ierre» lately of OermaTiy-f in ifae paUtioate of the IN(i Rhine \ feated on an rmtnrnce, by thff rivrr Silv,;, 10 m w«w Mrnir:. lnx*^"*un,lfrt n village of the Nether* l.ituNi ill FIjiidert, near the river Man* del, s m N C.turtray- Ilnr ii a cidlr, which w.k» oft Ml mude .1 gairifon, in the reliuioiii w.ir« of the i6tli crntury. iHxIthorom^.i^ a mountain in York- fbirr, B HI to ih** nnw of Settle. It is a bove the level of the fea. The !(., circular plain, ne.ir a mile in circumference, coniainiiiR the rums of an old wall, .Vc. fMcti wlmh li>me ima- gine it has b«*en a Kom in (Utioii. Its lldi-M are Qeep and rocky, aiiJ contain y the Auftrtanii Jed by the French d on the Danubci ^5 N by wr Munich. 46 ft. a group of iflands Icven of them dif- npt. Ingrnham, of ifets, and named , Lincoln, Federal* md Knox. After- ear, fome of them f)tain Marchand, a led them Revolu- ive fince been vifit- rs, and their num- iiy. They lie from oftheMarquefastin at. 8 and 9 s. They b« divt;rfified with i to be well wood- it animal and vcge- not plentiiul. Moft !d, and the people * MarquefaH They I the New Marque- LVafhington Iflands. \ by the nativeg NU' cipal one ; 70 m in juntainouS) but ba> fperfed, and many D it! coafta: Port Anna Maria, fo named by llrut. Ifrrgift, in 1791, lie* on the * cuaft. Lon. 1^9 40 w, Ut. 8 56 •. tnj^randf, a town of Franci', In the drp.4rtn)rnl of M tyrntic and Loire, on the river Loire, 15 ni wnw Anger*. Injuria, x province of KiitTia, which now tnimn ft.c government «»f IVlerf- hurg. It in i,p m long and 50 broad ; l)oiiiuUd «»!! the N by the river Neva and the gulf of Finland, ft and • by the government of NovorogiKl, and w by that «»l Livonia. Peter tli«« great wrrfted it fiom the Swrtb-H, nnd it w.u coiifiiined to him by the tre.Uy of Ny« ftadt in i^ti. At that time, the itih.i- bit.intt nt Ihr (Lit country were Finifli people, but little didereiit from iIk; Finn of I'.irelia, a« to their l.inguat^r and inaiinem. Tl.ey were called llchorki, and ICchortzi. from the river Ilchora, which runn into the Neva. Ingria did not retain iti Swcilifh privilrgen: on the contrary, Peter made a pre fent of one part of the Ilchortri tt> cirtain Kufllan nobles ; who, on their lide, were obliged to people the lefs culti- vated cantoiiH oi Ingria with colonies of Kudians from their eltateg; and thence it is that a village of Kunian* la often forrounded by villages of Fins. The Jfcliorlzi have long fdllowcd agri- culture. 'I'heir economy is an ill-chofen mean between that of the KufTians and the Fins. They aflemble in fmall vil- lages, of 6ve or ten farms each ; and live miferablyin fmall dirty huts. Their inclination to idlenefs and drinking leads them often to fell their ftock, and the corn they have faved for (owing the fields. Some of them, however, Imitate the Kuflian villagers, who are better managers, more at their eafe, and in better circumftances. The Ingrians are a ftupid, fufpiciouf), thievKh race, nnd dangerous from their phlegmatic tem- perament, and propcnfuy to pilfering. Fhey refemble the gyplies, arc vaga- bonds like them, calculate nativities, and tell fortunes. The drefs of the men is like that of the Fin boors; but the habit of the women betrays a va- nity, which, confulering the poverty of this people, and the tyranny which their hufbands and fathers exeicifeover them, may pafs for luxury. '1 .lu lower part of their drefs refemblts that of the Fin country women. Their (hift has a neck and clofe wriftbands, both of them pinked or wrought; the body and fleeves are large, the latter whimfically worked, and the body puffed with numbcrlcfs pluits. InHead of a petticoat, they tie pn two apri^ns : thcle arc fometimes of I NI cfoth 4n«l fometimes of linen worked with did'ercnt colour* , that behind beini; much the wide(t, and the fmaller one in front is generally ad«)rnragan fuperAitiont, which they mix with the ceremonials of Chriftianity. They carry the figures of the faints Into the woods in prcjcelllon, and there pay them a formal worlhip. '*''hen a man is inclined to marry, he pur nales a girU and celebrates his nuptials a. the churchf to which they are accompanied by two women in veils, who fing compolitioni. No fooner is the marriage ceremony performed, than the hufbnnd begins to treat his wife with fcverity, and thence- forward keeps her under (^ridt difci- pline. The dead are buried by the prieft of the profefTion to which they belong. Their general opinion is, that they con- tinue to live in the fubtcrranean world in ,'ht fame manner ns they did on the (urfac e of the earth ; and that the grave is Utile more than a change of habita- tion : for which reafon they bury their money, that they may have it to ufe in the other world. Ingujhi ; fee Kifli. Inhambanif a country on the coaft of Caffreria, bounded on the n by Sabia, E and SE by the Indian fca, sw and w by the river Manica. It has a river and port of the fame name. Lon. 35 50 'S', lat. aa 10 s. In^/bonan, a town of Irelandf in the county of Cork, with a confderable linen manufaAure ; feated on the Ban- I N V 4on, 7 m WW KinUte, and ii iiw Cork. liii/lh/^*t or Eiimjlttig*^ a iMiroiigh itf Irrhnti, In the county of Kilkmny, on Ihr rJv»r Nouct ij m •'«►. Ktlkcimy. /•«, a iiv:r thm rifra In Swim liaiHl* In the (.intnn of ((rifoni, Htw) nii throiiKh TyrolJ^ Iriptucaixl KniDrin, and coiiiiiiiiiii^pu ti)iir(r in li.tv.iri.i, t).t(rc« tiy \V4Uvliiiii{ 4iiti Huiiiuu to i'4n!iii, whrrc it Join* th'' I>.tiiijbc. I'.unfonJo^ A ItirtrrfH of MiixlooAani in tilt- (iiiiiioor circ4r, iitimtc on .1 hili, 4A ni Nw Oii|{(ili>. InnirhfH, a town of Grrminyi in Tyrolf liuute iim'ji^; inoiiiit4inii, nl ttio fourcc of the DfAVi , ; ► Hiix»'ii. Irionvlocxuivt n town ot i'olanit, in the p.ilatin;itc of WLiilifltw, 14 m w !>/ N Wiadidaw. ////al ami Cdt. Ilefure the en- trance ol the harlM)ur U a lay, which atford* fife anchorage for Ibip* in alt wiiuU( anti the harbour ilfeir is com* mo w Selkirk. InverHtJ't, a liorutiuh of Scotland, ca* filial of a county of the i.ime name, ituateon both luU^the river NcU, near it» entrance into till' frith ot Moray. It bai a conunodioiiH imrbour. for vcn°< !■ of 100 ton"«, .ind larger ones may ride in ftfety within a mile of the town. Here ire fix incorporated trades, a good laimon filliery, a large manulavJIurc of ropen .iiul canvas, leveral tan-works, and a confiderable ir.ide. The num- l>er of inhabitants was 87.)a in i8ot, and 10,757 ill iBri. On an eminence are the ruins of the old calUe, deniolifh* ed by the rebels in 1746 | and over the Nefii is a bridge of feven archea. The court houfe la a handfome modern building, with a fine tower and fpire i and here is an excellent academy, pro- vided wiih a reiflor and four mal^era. Near this town, on Culloden heattf, the diikc of Cumberland gained a decifive viiitory over the rebels in 1746. To the w ofthftownis the hillof Craig Phatrict on the fummit of which arc the extenfive remains of a vitrified fort- Inverncfs is 6ft m NK Fort William, and 116 nnw I'idinburg. Lon. 3 57 w, lat- 57 30 N. InverniJ'iJh'trey the moft extenfire cuunty of Scotland ; bounded on the k by Rofsfliire, E by the counties of Nairn, Elgin, and Aberdeen, s by thofe of Perth and Argyle, and w by the At- lantic ocean. It alfo includes feveral of the Hebrides. Independent of the J on Ifl«ntl4, It It R« m liHiK AOtl v> brovl i Aiiit U ittviJcil Into II (urtlh'i, whiwK conuiitfd 74.191 inn4hit4itt» in iloi, >trui j»,,\\t> III iHm Th«* M pirt U moiintalnoiii and tMrrrn I ihi* • part It Atiomounutnouif And riippofoltobrthc mo(t cIcvAled ttrtHind In Scotlaiul. 'I'hU cuutity h4* rrvcr4l cunliilrrjttlc lake*, anil U divided, in « m4nncr, into two ri|iul parti, by thofc of Ne(»« ()ich| Luchy, and Linnhr) throuxli «vhl«li U now t'uitiny xUv Calrdonian C4n4l« tu unite the •■illcrn .ind wi'ft<*rn tK'r4n«. ThecxtrniWc pl.itni which lurrouiid the likei are, in grrncnd, frrtilr ( and the high Kruundt fved maiiv Ihei'p and hcev***, the reiiliig jiid feiling ut' uliicli u the chief trade ot the inhabitanti, and numerniia hetdt of goata arc found In ffvrrydiltridt. The moiintainiand forrlli are inhabited by iniintiii'i' niimliert of rrd and rix d^cr ( the alpine and com< mon hare, and other g.nne, arc alio abundant. Mmcttoiie, Iruii-ort', and fome tr.ice* ol' ditTfrcnt mincr.iU hive been found in tliii county, with iMMUti- ful rock cryftult uf varioui tintii; but no minri hjvc been worked hilherto with much fiicccU- The principal ri< vers arc ihr Spey and Bi-anliy. InvtrfnaiH, A vilhigr of Scotland, on the r iulc of Loch Lomond, 15 m n by w Dumbarton. \Wn '\% a fmall fort, and near it ii a ferry over the lake. lnverugie% a vill,i};c of Scotland, on the k coalt of Abcrdcenihire, at the mouth of the Ugic, a m n w Pfterhcad. It hat an extcnfive l>leach-tield, and a confideruble bri-wcry. Near it arc the ruins of Invcruaic caltlf. Irrvtruruf aoorouKh of Scotland, in Aberdeenlnirc, on the river llry, juft abovu its conflux with the Don, i j m sw Aberdeen. Jaathimjllial, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saatz, noted for its minei and amanufadureof l.icc, 15 m n by e Elbogen. Jomebimjihalt a town of Brandenburg, in the Ucker mark, 31 m a si Berlin. Joanna ; fee llinziian. Joannina \ l<;e Janina • Joeijfrim, a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, fltuatc on an eminence, near the Rhine, 9 m he Landau. Johanjfeorgen/laJt, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, celebrated for its mines and a confidcrable manufatflurc of lace, 18 m 88E Zwickau. Johannejhurg, a town of E PruHia, with a citadel, on the river Pych, near the lake Spirding, 95 m SE Konit^fberg. Lon. 2» j9 E, lat- 53 16 s. J on Johut Si.otw uf Iht' I'hillppin* lllandlf B of MlndaiMu. Lon. 1 16 .«• x, Int. f JO «. >Uhn, Si onr of tin- Virxin iP^mU, In the W Indict. II m In circuit. It hat« town and (baclout harbour- Ltm. 65 10 H, lat. il 10 w. ./•/)M, Si or l*rintt l'J-y>'t4l Itrcamt. In 174} It furrnidercd, with t 4pc Urff> ton, to the iinglilb. The capital !• Ch4rh>iti7tuwii. Jo/in, St> a Ukr of I.owrr Canada, nf an oval form, 34 in long «nd a^ broad. It receive! rivers from every dirc^lon, and Itf outlet it the rivfr Sat;uenay, which (lows »: to the St. Lawrence, at Tadoufac. John, St. a river that rifes in the Nw partofthedil\ri^t of Main, ilowtN». into New Brunfwick, where il foun takct a k%K courfc,andciiteritIiv luy of Fundv, at the city of St. John. It it navigable 60 m for Hoops of 50 tons, and about loo for lHMtt( and alfords a contmun anil near route from the province of New Urunlwick to Ouebec- John, St. a city of New Hrunfwickf fituate At the mouthof thr river St. John, in the bay of iuiuly. Lon. 03 13 w, lat. 45 12 N. ./oA»,.NV.thechief town of Newfound- land, fltuatc on the R fide of the illand. It has a good harbour, entirely land- locked, and defended by fcveul fortN, in one of which the governor of the idand relides. Lon. 32 21 w, lat. 47 32 N. Jc/in, St. the capital of Antigua, and the cliicf refidencc of the governor of the Leeward illanda. In 769 it was nearly deftroyed by fire ; and in 1772 it futfered much by a luinicane. It ii now one of the mofl regular towns in the VV^ Indies, and han a mofl commo- dious harbour, well foitificd. Lon. 02 9 w, lat. 17 4 N. John, St- a town and fort of Lower Canada, on the w bank of the Sorel, 20 m from the v end of Lake Champlain. In 1796, it was made the folc pint of entry and clearance for all goods im- ported from the United States into Canada. It is 24 m be Montreal, and 1 10 N Crown Point. Lon. 73 20 w, lat. 45a5W- John d'Acre, St. fee Acre. Jehnjiavenf n v\\]:igti of Scotland, in Kincardineihire, with a harbour for fmall vcirelt, 4 m ssw Bcrvic. It has JO R an extenfivc tnaniifaclurc -f canvas, and a trade in importing toal and ex- porting grain. Johft/hiun, a town of New York, chief of Montgomery county, with two churchi 8. It AandH on the left bank of Mohawk river: and on the oppofite fide, in the fork f.irmed by the influx of the Schohary. it Fort Hunter. It is 14 m wNw Schenectady. Jo/injhivn, a town of Upper Canada, extending near a mile on the river St. Lawrence It is 50 m nk Kingftown, and 100 sw Montreal. Lou. 75 lo w, lat. 44 4a N. Jthnjioivn, St. a borough of Irelandi in the county of Donegal, on the river Foyie, 5 m »8w Londonderry. Johor, or Jor^ a town of ihe penin- fula of Malaya, capital of a kingdom of the fame name. It was dcftroyed by the Portuguefe in 1603, but has been rebuilt, and is fcated near the s coaft, 150 m SE Malacca. Lon. loj 30 K, lat. I 35 N. Joi/fny, a town of France, in the de- partment of Yonne, furrounded by thick walls, and feated near the Yonncj 17 m .ssR Sens. JoinviUf, a town of France, in the department of Upper Mame, with a magnificent caftle, feated on the Marne> 35 m sw Bar le Due. Jona ; fee Irolmkill Jonejhorought a town of Tcneflee, capital of the diftriA of Walhington. It is feated near the foot of the iron mountains, 86 m e by n Knoxville. Lon. 82 40 w, lat. 36 8 n. Jonkoping, a town of Sweden, ca- pital of Smoland, an J the fupreme feat of juftice for Gothland. It has a cita- del* and a manufafture of arms. In 1790 the town was burnt down, and has fince been wholly rebuilt. The honfes are large and comfortable, but ftill chiefly of wood, and the roof covered with turf or wood. It 13 feated at the s end of the lake Wetter, 64 m sw Lin- koping. Lon. 14 46 e, lat. 57 12 n. Joodpour, a town of Ilindooftan, ca- pital of a circar of the fame name, in the province of Agimere ; feated near a branch of the Pudda, 100 m wsw Agi- mere. Lon. 73 48 K, lat. a6 8 n. Jordan, a river of Syria, which rifes in Mount Libanus, and flows s, through the lake of Tiberias, to the Dead fea. Jorjan, or Corcan, a town of Perfia, in Chorafan, capital of a diftrift of its name, bordering on theCafpian fea and Afterabad. This place is reckoned one of the ftrongeft fortrdles in thekingdom. IPS It is fjom tMF. Aflcrabad,and 120 wsw Mrfrhrd. Lon. 56 4^ k, lat. ^j o N. Jor/tau, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saatz, where great quantities of beer are brewed. On a mount.iin by the .own i» the magnificent callle of Uothenhau?, and near it are celebrated alum-works. It is j m N Commotau. Jofeplh St. a river and fort of the Uniitd States, on the s border of the Michig;in territory. The river rifrs about 30 m from the w end of Lake Erie, to which there is a portage, and it flows w.vw into the sE part of Lake Michigan. The fort (lands 30 m above the mouth of the river, and 130 w by 8 Detroit. Lon. P.$ 8 w, lat. 4a 2 n. Jofip/i, St. the capital of theifland of Trinidad, with a church and a Francif- can convent. It is ftrongly feated on a mountain, by the fide of a river, 6 m above its entrance in the gulf of Paria. Lon. 64 30 w, lat. icon. Joje/in, a town of France, in the department of Morbihan, 25 m nne Vannes. Jouartt a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine and Marne, lo m sE Meaux, and 35 E Paris. Jouft ; fee Jehud. Joux, Mount ; fee Jura, Mount- Joi/eufe, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ardechc, feated on the Baune, 27 m sw Privas. Ip/i«/t:n, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Wurtzburg, 15 m ese Wurizburg. Ipit a town of Auftria, fituate near the conflux of the Ips with the Danube, 22 m w St. Polten. Jp/ala, a town of European Turkey, in Romania, and a Greek archbifhop'a fee. Near it are mines of alum ; and red wine is an ariicle of commerce. It is feated on the MarifTa, 60m s Adriano- ple, and 130 w Conftantinople. Lon. 36 10 E, lat. 40 57 N. Jp/era, a fmall iiland in the Archi- pelago, in the form of a heart, 15 m nw of the ifiand of Scio. To the w is an- other fmall inand, called Anti-Ipfera. Ipjhelm, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Bayreuth, 17 m nnw Anfpach. Ipfivich, a borough and principal town of Suffolk, governed by a mayor, with a market on Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday. It was once furrounded by a wall, traces of which are yet to be feen. It is irregularly built, and has declined from its former confequence ; but now contains 1 a parifh churches, a guildhall, and a cuftomhoufe with a. I HE jrood quay. The number of inhabitantii was 10,043 ill i8oiiand i ^670 in 181 r. Much corn and malt is fcnt hence to L<»n- don, and timber to the ditfcrent dock- yards. It has a coiifidcrable coaftini; trade, a fmallfliare of foreign commerce, and lends (hips to Greenland. Veflclsof large burden are obliged to (lop at fomc diilance belrrw the town. It is the birthplace of cardinal Wolfey i and is feated on the Orwell, a6 m se Bury St. Edmund, and 69 nb London. Lun. 1 16 E, lat. 52 8 N. Iffjkvic/t, a town of Maflachufets, in Eflex county, feated on both fides of a liver of its name, near the mouth, over which is a (lone bridge. Though it his a barred harbour and ihoalsin the river, fome veflTels trade to the W Indies. Large quantities of (ilk and thread lace are manufadtnred here. The judicial courts for the county are held here once a year. It is aj m nne Bofton. Lon. 70 so w, lat. 42 39 N." • Trabatty ; fee Irrawaddy. Irak, or Irac /igemi, a province of Perlia, bounded on the n by Aderbijan, Ghilan, and Mazanderan, e by Chora- fan, s by Farfiftan and Kufiftan, and w by Kurdidan. It includes the grcated part of the ancient Media, and is a large mountainous country, with val- lies that feldom exceed i z m in breadth. The mountains are barren und devoid of timber, but the vallies, where culti- vated, yield abundance of corn. Ifpa- han is the capital. Irai, or Jrac Arabiy a province o f Tur- key in Afia, bounded on the N byKurdi- ftan and Diarbek, e by Irak Agemi and Ku(ifl:an> and sw by the defart of Arabia. It is the ancient Chaldea, and a fertile country, watered by the Eu- phrates and Tigris. Bagdad is the ca- pital. Ireby, a town in Cumberland, with a market on Thurfday, feated in a val- ley, at the fource of the Ellen, 10 m NE Cockermouth, and 303 nnw Lon- don. Ireland, an ifland of Europe, lying to the w of that of Great Britain. It is 380 m long and 160 broad ; bounded on the E by St. George channel and the Irifh fea, which feparate it from Eng- land and Wales; on the ne by a chan- nel, called the North Channel, 34 m broad, which fcparates it from Scot- land ; and on every other (ide by the ocean. It contains about 19,436,000 acres, and the population is upward of iiOoo,ooo. Irela.id is divided into four provinces ; namely, Ulfter to the n, Leinftor to the e, Munfter to the s, and 1 RE t onnaught to the w -, and thcfe attf fulidivided into ^3 1 counties. UUter con- tains the counties of Down, Armagh, Monaghan, Cavan, Antrim, Lnixlon- dcrry, Tyrone, Fermanagh, and Done- gal; Leinfter has thole of Dublin, Louth, Wicklow, Wexford, Longford, Ea(k Meath, Weft Mcath, King, Queen, Kilkenny, KiUlarc, and Carlow ; Mun- fter includes Clare, Cork, Kerry, Lime- rick, Tipperary, and Watcrtord; and Connaught has Leitrira, Rofcommon, Mayo, Sligo, and Galway. The climate of Ireland is mild and temperate, but more humid than in England. In ge- neral, it is a level country, well watered with lakes and rivers; and the 'oil, in moft paj-ts, is very good and fertile; even in thofe places where the bogs and moralTes have been drained, there is good meadow ground. It produces corn, hemp, and flax, in great plenty ; and there are fo many cattle, that beef and butter are exported to foreign parts ; and not only the Eng!''(h, but other (hips, frequently come to b« vic- tualled here. The other commodities are, hides, wool, tallow, wood, fait, honey, and wax. The principal manu- faJlure is fine linen cloth, wliich is brought to great perfedlion, and the trade in it is very great. This country is well fituate for foreign trade, on ac- count of its many fecure and commo- dious bays and harbours. The principal rivers are the Shannon, Foylc, Liifey. Boync, Sure, Barrow, Blackwate- > and Lee. The laws of Ireland differ but little from thofe of England ; and the eftablilhed religion is the fame ; but the majority of the people arc Roman ca- tholics, and yet retain their nominal bifhops and dignitaries- The ecclefiaf- tical diftriifts are four archbi(hoprics and eighteen bi(hopric8; the former are Armagh, Dublin, Cafl)tl, and Tuam ; the latter are, Meath. Kildare, Dcrry,' "Kaphoe, Limerick, Ardfert and Agha- doe, Dromore, Elphiii, Down and Con- nor, Waterford and Lil'more, Leighlin and Ferns, Cloync, Cork and Rofs, Kili:!loe and Kilfenora, Kilmore and Ard gh, Clogher, Oflbry, Killala and Achonry, and Clonfert and Kilmac- duagh. Formerly, this kingdom had a parliament, which was fubordinate to that of Great Britain; but, in 1800, it was deemed expedient that Ireland fhould be united to Great Britain. The two parliaments pa(red ads for that purpofe, and the two kingdoms, at the commencement of 1801, were ftyled the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland : and 3 z lords (four of v*» I R 11 them bifhops) and loo commoners of Ireland (two for each county, two for Dublin, two for Cork, one for Trinity college in Dublin, and one for each of the thirty-one mnft coniulerable cities, town!), and boroughs) were cnaded to preli'nt that country in the Imperial Prrliami'nt, alVembUd in Kngland. The lord lieutenant of Ireland, as well as the council, are appointed, from time to rime, by the king. The common Irifh are generally reprefented as an ignorant» uncivilifed, and blundering fort of peo- ple, implacuble a- d violent in all their aflfedlions, but quick of apprtnenfion, courteous to ftrangers, and patient of hardlhip"*. Their diet confifls chicHy of coarfe bread, potatoes, and butter- milk; the favorite liquor isufquebaugh, an ardent diftillation from corn ; and the rural cottage is a wretched hovel of mud. 'Ihe manners of the fupt;riof claffl's differ little from thofe of the fame rank in England ; but the gentry are more addicted to hunting and other robuft excrcifes, than to literature and the arts. Dublin is the capital. Ire/and, New ; fee Britain, New- Irjab, a town of the country of Cabul, feated near a wcftern branch of the Indus, no m ssw Cabul. Lon. 68 35 e, lat. 35 20 N. Irijhtoiun ; fee Kilkenny- Jrken, or Irkien ; fee Yarkan. Irkutjkt the largeft and leaft popu- lous government of the Ruffian empire, comprifing all the e part of Siberia, from the Northern ocean to the fron- tiers of Chinefe Tartary, and from the boundaries of the government of To- bolflc to the Eaftern ocean. This large territory was gradually conquered and appropriated by the Ruilians in their defultory excurfions from Tobolfk. It is divided into the four provinces of Irkutflc, Nertchiufk, Yakutflc, and Okotlh. Irkutfi, a town of Siberia, capital of the government of the fame name, and the fee of a bilhop. It is a place of conliderable traffic, the caravans pafling through it which trade to China, and being the feat of fupreme jurifdiftion over eaftern Siberia. There are fcveral churches and other edifices of ftone, and the wooden houfes are large and convenient. The inhabitants are ef- timated at i2,oco. It ftands on the river Anpara, near the lake Baikal, 900 m ESE Tobollk. Lon. 104 58 e, lat. 5»4N. Iroquois ; fee Laivrence, St- Irrarjjaddy, or Iralaity, a river that rifes in Tibt-t, flows s through the king- ISE doms of Birmah and Pegu, and cntfru the bay of Bengal by feveral mouthp. On its banks arc produced great quan- tities of the fincfl 'cak, fo muchefteem- ed in (hip-building. The principal market for this valuable timber U Ran- goon, at the mod eaftern mouth of this river. htyjhf a river of Siberia, which iffiies from the lake Saifan, in Chinefe Tartary, runs Nw between the two countries above 300 m, then flows by Omflc, To- bollk, and Samarof, below which it joins the Oby. Irvan, or Irivan ; fee Erivan. Irvine, a river of Scotland, in Ayr- fhirc, which pafles by Newmills and Kilmarnock to the town of Irvine, be- low which it enters the frith of Clyde. Irvine, a borough of Scotland, in Ayrfliire, near the mouth of the river Irvine, with the ruin of a caftle It has a commodious harbour, a dock-yard, and manufactures of carpets, muflins, filks, lawns, ^c but the chief trade is the ex- porting of coal to Ireland. It is 10 m TX Ayr, and 24 sw Glafgow. Lon. 4 36 w, lat. ss 39 N. _ Irnvell, a river in Lancaftiire, which rifcs above Bolton, flows thence se to Manchefter, and then sw to the Merfey, 7 m above Warrington. ^ Ifabella, a town on the K coaft of St. Domingo, now in ruins, but r' ted for being the firft fettlement of the immor- tal Columbus, in 149a. Lon* 71 a w, lat. 19 55 N. Ifchia, an idand of Naples, 16 m in circuit, lying 3 m off the coaft of Terra di Lavoro. It is mountainous ; but abounds in minerals, fulphur, fruit, and excellent wine. The air is healthy, and there are feveral hot baths, on which account it is much reforted to by invalids. Ifchia, an epifcopal city of Naples, capital of the ifland of its name, with a ftrong fort. It ftands upon a rock, which is joined to the ifland by a bridge, and is like a pyramid of houfes piled one upon another. At the end of the bridge, next t'.e city, are iron gates, which open in a fubterranean palTage, through which the city is entered. Lon. 14 2 E, lat. 40 41 N Ifenburg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Lower Rhine, which gives name to a county. It is feated on the rivulet Ifer, 4i) m Nw Frankfort. Ifenburg, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine, which gives name to a county. It is feated near the Maine, 3 m s by £ Frankfort. Ifeoj a town of Italy, in Brefciano, on cgu, and riitfrs "everal m nut lis. :ccl gri'at quan- fo much ellccm- The principal timber ii Kan- n mouth of this ria, which {(Tuea :hinefeTartary, two countries 9 by Omfk, To- tw which it joins Erivan. otland, in Ayr- Newmilis and n of Irvine, be- frith of Clyde, of Scotland, in jth of the river acaftle It has a I dock-yard) and g, muflms, iilki» F trade is the ex- ,nd. It is lo m afgow. Lon. 4 incafhire, which vs thence se to V to the Merfey, • ie N coaft of St. I, but r' ted for It of the immor- . Lon. 7 1 a w, NapleS) i6m in le coaft of Terra untainous; but [phur, fruit, and air is healthy, hot baths, on uch reforted to city of Naples, its name, with a upon a rock, land by a bridge, of houfes piled the end of the are iron gates, rranean pafiage, is entered. Lon. jcrmany, in the which gives name !d on the rivulet rt* ermany, in the e, which gives 8 feated near the ikfort. in Brefciano, on ISL the SB tide of a lake of the fame name, lom Nw Brefcia. f/er, a river of Germiny, ^vhich rifes on the conAhCH of Tvrol and Bavaria, paffcH by Munich and LandrcUiit, and joins (he Danube, between btraubing and Paflfau. I/ere, a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of Danphiny. It it lb named from a river, which riles in Savoy, 'croflVs this de- partment by Grenoble, Moirans, and St- Marcellin, and joins the khone, above Valence. Grenoble i^ the capital. Iferiohn, a. town of Weftphalia, in the county of Mark, with mannfadtures of iron, tin, velvets, filks, and fluffs. It is 40 m E by N DufTeldorf. Iferniat » town of Naples, in the rounty of Molife, at the foot of the Apennines. In 1805 it was dcftroyed by an earthquake, and upward of 1500 perfons perifhed. It is 12 m w Molife. I/ignyt a town of France, in the de- partment of Calvados, 15 m w by n, Bayeux. Ifis, a river that rifes in Gloucefter- fhire, near the village of Torlcton, at thefootofSapperton hill, 5 m sw Ciren- cefler. It immediately enters Wiltfhire, and there is joined by the Churn, from Cirencefter, a m w of Cricklade, where their juniltion forms the Thames ; but fome writers have continued the name of liis to the Thames till it receives the Thame at Dorchefter. Ifjutty a town of RnfTia, in the govern- ment of Kharkof, with four chuiches, one of them built of flone by order of Peter the great. It has a confiderable traffic in Greek and Turkifh commodi- ties, and is feated on both fides the Donetz, 68 m sse Charkow. Ijla, or //a, an ifland of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, to the sw of Jura, from which it is feparafed by a narrow channel, called the Sound of lOa. It is a I m long and 1$ broad. On the e fide the Airface is hiUy, and covered with heath, but the greater part of the ifiand is flat, and capable of improvement. In the centre is Loch Finlagan, about 3 m in circuit, with an iflet of the fame name in the middle, where the great li of the ifles refided ; but the palaces anu offices arc now in ruins. Ifla has mines of iron, lead, copper, emery, quickfilver, and black-lead ; with im- menfe ftores of limeftone, marl, coral, and f lell-fand, for manure- Much Hax is raifed here, a great number of cattle fed- and a lar^e quantity oi whilky dif- tillcd. The principal village is Bow- nore, which has a convenient harbour ISM and quay, at the extremity of the bay of l-och in-Daul,on then cuaft. Lon. 5 58 w, lat 55 45 N. l/lamabad, a town of Hindoo(\an, in Bengal, capital of the rt)U' try of ( 'hitti- gong. It is lituateon the Ciirrumfully, near Its entrance into thel) feated on the Thames, 9 m w London. Here are many elegant villas ; and near it is Sion-houie, the magniticent feat of the duke of Northumberland. IJlington, a large village in Middle* fex, N of London, to which it is novr contiguous. The New River Is receiv- ed at the sw end of it, into a large re- fervoir, whence its water is conveyed, in pipes, to all parts of the metropolis. Near this is a fpring of chalyhf^te water, called Ni^w Tunbrid^'e Wills. To the E of the town, is a manufadure of white lead. IJlipj a village in Oxfordfliire, on the river Cherwell, 5 m n Oxford. It it noted for being the birthplace of F.d- ward the confcfibr, whofe tather had a palace near the church, nut a trace of which is now remaining- Ifmail, a flrong town of European Turkey, in BefTarbia. 'Ihc Ruflians took it by florm, in 1790 ; and it is iaid, that the long fiegc, and the capture, did not co(t them lefs than ao,ooo men. The brave garrilbn merited the highcft honours, but they were mafTacrcd by the Ruffians; and the town was aban- doned to the fury of the brutal ibldi«ry. a A , ISP Ifmall is feated on the v fide of the DmuLe, 140 m s by w Bender. Lon. 39 -0 B, lat 45 1 1 N. ifmaning, a town of Bavaria, which giv(.■.^ name to a county. It is fituate on th<- Ilir, 8 m nnk Munich, und 9 ssw Fre lingcn. Ifmid. •T Is'S/kmldj a town of Afia- tic Turkey, in N;.'olia, fuppofcd to have bftn 11'^ ant' nt Nicomedia, the capif.i? of Bi>V'riia. The Greeks and -Arme.' ins have 'ach a church and an archbifhop here, ft flands on the fide of a mountain, bordering on a gulf of the fea of Marmora, 45 m ese Conftan- tinopic Lon. 20 \% b, lat 40 54 n. Ijrnid a town of Afiitic Turkey, in Caranf>iiii.i, 14 m v.sv. C'ogni. Ifnic, .1 town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, and a Grf^f k archhifliop's fee. If. is the ancient >Fice, famous for the T'fl genvr;'! council held there in 32^- Nothing remains of its ancient fplen- dour but .in aqucduft. The Jows in- b.ibit the greater part of it; and fillc tornis the prinr-ipal article of trade. It is featfd in a coutitry fertile in corn and wine, 60 m sK Conftantinople- Lon. 29 40 K, lat. 40 23 N. Ifny, a town of Suabia, with an ab> bey, caUcd St. George, whofe abbot was a ftatf of the empire. It is feated on the Iihy, j8 m ne Lindau. Ifola, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 18 m sE St. Sevcrino. Jj'pahan^ a celebrated city, and the fouthern capital of Perfia, in the province of Irak. It is la m in cir- cuit, fituate in the middle of a plain, furroundcd on all fides by mountains at H m diftance, and near the river Sen- derud, which fupplies it with water. The houffii are univerfally of a light yellow, and have fl.it roofs, on which the inhabitants walk, eat, and lie, in fnmmcr for tl,,: fake of the cool air. The ftreets are not paved, but always clean, as it feldom rains here ; and many >f them have a canal, planted on each fide with trees. Here are a great number of magnificent palaces ; that of the king is encloftd with a lofty wall jibove 2 m in circuit, and though he feldom refides here, its eftablifhment is f') perfctt as to be ready to receive him and his fuit without a moment's notice. The mo'iques. bazars, caravanfaries, public baths, coffcehoufrs, and flinp of fweetmeats (the chief ingredients of Perfian food) are very numerous. The inhabitants were computed at above 6ooj00o ; but this kingdom having been long diftraifted by civil wars, the prin- cipal towns are greatly depopulatedi I ST and, in 1808, the adlual population dij not exceed 400,000 fonU. Ifpahau has three fuburbs, called Julf.', Hafenhath, and Kebrabath ; the firit is large, and contains nine churches. The chief ma- nufadtures arc gr)ld brocades and fine cotton cloths. Though at a diftance from the' fea, iL carries on a great trade, people of feveral nations relorting here for the fike of traffic. It is 230 m s by E Teheran, the northern capital, and 26ft NE Baflbra. Lon. 51 52 u, lat. 3» 3.1 ''• Jfperlick, a town of European Tur- key, in Servia, 24 m nne Nifla. m\ fee Yfftl. TjTengeauxt a town of France, in the department of Upper Loire, 17 m ni: Puy. Ijfequibo, oi* Effeqiuboy a fettlement of the Dutch in Guayana, on a river of the fame name, and contiguous to thit of Demorara. The river is 20 m wide at its mouth, and more than 300 in length. See Di-merara. IJigeac, a towa of France, in the de- partment of Dordogne, 12 m ssw Ber- gerac. IjJ'oire, a town of France, in the de- pnrtment of Puy de Dome, feated on the C)uze, near the Allier, 15 m sse Clermont. Jjbudunt a town of France, Sii the de- partment of Indre, with a caftlc, and a trade in wood, cattle, cloth, hats, and ftockings ; feated on the Theols, 17 m w Bourges, and 135 s Paris. hfnr TilUy a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or, ieated on the Tille, 12 m N Dijon. Ijlapuy a town of New Spain, in the province of Tabafco, 60 m sw Tabalco. IJiapa, a town of New Spain, in Me- choacan, 100 m ese Zacatula. Iftapa, a town of New Spain, in the province of Culiacan, 40 m e by s Cu- liacan. Iftriat a diftriifl of Italy, forming a kind of peninfula on the ne part of the gulf of Venice. It is bounded by Car- niola on the ne, and on all other fides bv the fea. The foil produces plenty Oi wine, oil, and pafture ; and there are quarries of fine marble ; alfo forefts that produce not only abundance of fire- wood and fliip-timber, but likewife plenty of game. Part of Iftria belong- ed to Venice, and part to Auftria : by the treaty at Campo Formio, Auftria became pofiTcfled of the whole ; and by the treaty at Prefburg, it was ceded to Italy. In 1809, this diftrift was trans- ferred to France. Capo d'Iftria is the capital. Ml , ISP Iftnall Ib feated on the n fide of the DmuLe, 140 m s by w Bender. Lon. 39 'r> B, lat 45 I I N. ifmaning, a town of Bavaria, which givts name to a county. Ft is fituate on thf I/ir, 8 m nnk Munich, and 9 ssw Frt lingcn. Ifmid. ■■r Is'S^kmicl, a town of Afia- tic Turkey, in N;.'olia, fuppnfed to have been li'** ant' n« Nicomedia, the capir.i! of Bi.b'iiia. The Greeks and J^rme.• ins have "ach a church and an archbifhop here. It flands on the fide of a mouht.iin, bordering on a gulf of the fea of Marmora, 45 m esr Coiiftan- tinopic Lon. 20 ^» e, lat 40 51 n. Ijmid a town of Afiitic Turkey, in Caramniiia, :-t m R.sic C'ogni. Ifnic, .1 town of .Afiatic Turkey, in Natolla, and a Grftk archhiOiop's fee. It is the ancient Nice, famous for the fi'fl pener.'l council held therein ^^'^,. Nothing remains of ils ancient fplen- doiir but nn aqucdudl. The Jews in- b.ibit the greater part of it; and fillc forms tilt prlnripal article of trade. It is ftatf d in a country fertile in corn and ■wine, 60 m sK Conftantinople. Lon. 29 40 B, lat. 40 23 N. Ifny, a town of Suabia, with an ab- bey, called St. George, whofe abbot was a ftatf of the empire. It is feated on the Iihy, 18 m ne Lindau. Ifola, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 18 m sE St. Sevorino. Jjpahan, a celebrated city, and the Southern capital of Perfia, in the province of Irak. It is la m in cir- cuit, fituate in the middle of a plain, furroundcd on all fides by mountains at 8 m diftance, and near the river Sen- derud, which fupplies it with water. The houffn are univerfally of a light yellow, and have flat roofs, on which the inhabitants walk, eat, and lie, in fnmmcr for th.~ fake of the cool air. The ftreets are not paved, but always clean, as it feldom rains here ; and many >f them have a canal, planted on each fide with trees. Here arc a great number of magnificent palaces ; that of the king is enclofed with a lofty wall jibove 2 m in circuit, and though he feldom refides here, its eftablifhment is fo perfcit as to be ready to receive him md his fuit without a moment's notice. The mo'iqucs. bazars, caravanfaries, public bathf., cofFtehoofrs, and fltnp of Iweetmeats (the chief ingredients of Perfian food) are very numerous. The inhabitants were computed at above 600,000 ; but this kingdom having been long diftr;i<5tcd by civil wars, the prin- cipal towns are greatly depopulated^ 1ST and, in 1808, the adlual population did not exceed 400,000 fouls, (fpahan has three fuburbs, called Julf.-', Hafenbath, and Kobrabath ; the firll is largp, and contains nine churches. The chief ma- nufafliires are gold brocades and fine cotton cloths. Though at a diftance from the {i^ji, i. carries on a great trade, people of feveral nations relbrting here for the fikn of trafiic. It is 230 m » by E Teheran, the northern capital, and 26« Nt BafTora. Lon. 51 52 e, lat. 3* Ifpfrlick, a town of Europe.in Tur- key, in Scrvia, 54 m nne Nifla. mix fee Yfffl. Tjjetigeaux, a town of France, in the department of Upper Loire, 17 m nc Puy. Ijfequiho, oi* Ejfequebo, a fettlemcnt «)f the Dutch in Guayana, on a river of the fame name, and contiguous to thit of Demorara. The river is 20 m widr* at its mouth, and more than 300 in length. See Demerara. IJI'igeac, a towa of France, in the de- partment of Dordogne, 1% m s&w Ber- gerac. yjoiret a town of France, in the de- partment of Puy de Dome, feated on the C)uze, near the Allier, 15 m ssb Clermont. Jjbudun, a town of France, iii the de- partment of Indre, with a caflle, and a trade in wood, cattle, cloth, hats, and ftockingfl ; feated on the Theols, 17 m w fiourges, and 135 s Paris. Is fur TilUf a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or, ieated on the Tillc, 12 m N Dijon. T/h/>a, a town of New Spain, in the province of Tabafco, 60 m sw Tabalco. T/la/>a, a town of New Spain, in Me- choacan, 100 m ese Zacatula. Ijiapa, a town of New Spain, in the province of Culiacan, 40 m e by s Cu- liacan. IJiriot a diftritfl of Italy, forming a kind of peninfula on the ne part of the gulf of Venice. It is bounded by Car- niola on the ne, and on all other fides bv the fea. The foil produces plenty Oi wine, oil, and pafture ; and there are quarries of fine marble ; alfo forefts that produce not only abundance of fire- wood and fliip-timber, but likewife plenty of game. Part of Iftria belong- ed to Venice, and part to Auftria : by the treaty at Campo Formio, Auftria became poflVflTed of the whole ; and by the treaty at Prelburg, it was ceded to Italy. In 1809, this diftridl was trans- ferred to France. Capo d'Iftria is the capital. IT A Ital^t a country of Europe, bounded on the N and nr by Swifrrlaiil and Germany^ e by the gulf .»f Venice. •* l)y the i^ieditcrraiiean. and w by tliat fca and Fnnc«;. hs figure h.ts beiri compired to that of a high boot: its length, from the utm )ft point of the duchy of Milan to the gulf of vSquillice, is 670 m; its brc.idth, bi-tween Fraice and Germany, in 3^0 tn, Imt 'hr medi- ate breadth beiwec' the Mediterranean and tJR' ffulf of Vonice js only no. This clallical and interefting country has been, in all agCH of hiftory, divid>il into three parts, the northern, c.ntral, and liiuthorn The northern had the appellation of Ciliilpine Gaul ; the cen- tral wad the feat of Roman and Etru- rian power ; and the fouthcrn, having received m-»ny Greek colonies, waa called Magna G.a»cia. In the middle ages the kingdom ot Lombardy ind that of Naples |j< Id the n ami s cxtn-uT s, and the Ecclifialkical and Tufcan Itites occupied the centre. In more modem times the northern part became divided into a great number ot dates ; and pre- vious to the late alterations made by the French the whole coUiitry was di- vided in the following manner. Be- tween the confines of France and Swil" ferland, on the w and n were the con- tinental dominions of the king of Sar- dinia, namely, Savoy, Nice, Piedmont, part of Milanefe, and Oneglia. To the NE were the territories of Venice, which are enumerated under that ar- ticle. South of thefe, .were the domi- nions of the emperor of Germany, namely, part of Milanefe and Man- tuan j and .s of the latter is Modenefe, which belonged to the duke of iVJo- dena. Weft of Modeneft is the dachy of Parma, whofe fovereign is of the houfe of Bouibon ; toihesw of which lies the republic of Genoa; and se of this, that of Lucca. Hence extends, along the coaft of the Mediterranean, the grand duchy of Tulcany. The Ecclefiaftical State, or territory of ^he pope, lies NE and E of Tufcany, be- tween the gulf of Vtnice and the Me- diterranean ; and all s of this is the kingdom of Naples. Of the preftnt unfettled ftate of this country a brief account muft be given. Savoy, Nice, and Piedmont have been annexed to France. By the treaty of Campo For- raio, in 1797, the Venetiati territories to the E and n of the river Adige were ceded to Auftria ; and the remainder of the Venetian ftates, with the duchies of Modena, Milan, and Mantua, the prin- I T A cipality of MalTa. and the three leg.i- tioiis if Fcrrira, iiologna, and Komagiia in tin; Ecc'tfi dt'C il Slati-, wcr-ertc'lcd iiu ) a government by the Freni-h, nid callud the Cifaipine Rcptihlic. Tliia repiiolic Wis overturned in i7yy, but rcilored allt r the battle of Martiigo ir 1800; and in iKcji it rfci'ivtd a ni'w coiiditution, under tin* 1 ame of the lta;i, Jvani river Lo 16 14 E, Jubo, coaft of i fame nar Lon. 43 Jucata peniiiluli of Mexi< Campeac at the ifti Vera Pas tinent 36 The s pa lakes ; ar of logwc iugar, c. Englifli h of the bi rivers Hel part is I( without any ineqd bitants a] pi^ts, and,, it in abunl or ftreaml Judenbl pital of caftle. fquare, was takeil is fiated Lon. 14 Judoigl in BrabaiT an anciej river Get Ivelch\ Ives, vcrned bj Wednef({ on a bay unfafe, i^ Here is Charies 977 w bj Ives, I VE turei or Robinfon Crufoe. The inaiid is about 40 m in circuit, and at a didance appcara likt: a naked rock ; but there are intcrfcding vallies coveri-d with wood, and a grvH number of goati on the fides of every hill. In 1766, a fct- tlcmvnt waH macle by ihe Spaniards, on the N and highed part of this illind, at Cumberland bay, which is defended by batteries. The town is Tituate in a fin' valley, between two high hills, and the houfcs have gardens, with arbours Hiaded with vines. Lon. 79 30 w, lat. 33 40 8. Ivangorod; fee Narva- Ivanitz, a town of Croatia, on the river Lonia, 41 m nf. Carlfladt. Lon. 16 14 E, lat. 46 5 N. Juio, a kingdom of Africa, on the eoaft of Zangurbar, with a capital of the fame name, fubjedl tu the Pori:uguefe> Lon. 43 2o E, lat. o 50 N. Jucatarif or Yucatan, a province and peniiifula of New Spain, in the audience of Mexico, lying between the bays of Campeachy and Honduras, and bounded at the ifthmus by Tabafco, Chiapn, and Vera Paz. It projc(5t8 from the con- tinent 360 m, and is 150 in breadth. The s part has mountains, rivers, and lakes ; and produces a great quantity of logwood and mahogany, as alio fugar, caflia, and maize. Here the Englidi have a fettlement, on the coall of the bay of Honduras, between the rivers Hellize and Rio Hondo. The n part is lefs produflivc, and not only without mountains, but almoft without any inequality of ground. The inha- bitants are Aipplied with water from pits, and, wherever they dig them, find it in abundance ; but there is not a river or ftream. Merida is the capital. Judenburgt a town of Germany, ca- pital of Upper Stiria, with a handfome caftie. The public buildings, with the fquare, are magnificent. This town was taken by the French, in 1797. 't isfeated on the uluer, 40 m w Gratz. Lon. 14 34 E, tat. 47 ij N. Judoigne, a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, near which are the ruins of an ancient caftlc. It is feated on the river Gete, 13 m sse Louvain. Ivelchejier ; fee llchejUr. Ives, St. a borough in Cornwall, go- verned by a mayor, with a market on Wcdnefday and Saturday. It is feated on a bay of the fame name, which being unfafe, is frequented by Slhermen only. Here is a grammar-fchool* founded by Charles i. It is 8 m ne Penzance, and »77 w by s London. Jvesi St- a town in Huntingdonihire, JUM with a market on Monday ; feated om the Oufe, 6 m NR Huntingdon, and 39 K by w London. Jugon, a town of France, in the de- partment of Cotes du Nord, feated oa the Arqucon, 19 m ssE St. Brieuc. Ivica, or I''Vii.a, an illand of the Me- diterranean, 56 m to the sw of Majorca. It is about 6o m in circuit, and moun- tainous i but rich in corn and fruit. A great quantity of ialt is made here, highly eftecmcd for its wkitenefs. The capital, of the fume name, which ftands on the s fide of thf ifland, is little more than a fbrtrefs, and has a good harbour. Lon. I 35 E, lat. 3R 5a K. Iving/w, a town in Buckingham(hire» with a market on Friday, and manufac- tures of bouelace. It is 6 m sw Dun- liable, and 33 nw London. Julamerik, or Gulamtrik, a town of Afiaiic Turkey, in Kurdiftan, with a ftonc fort. It is governed by a bey, and feated on the Hakiar, 40 m ssb Betlis. Jul/ar, a town of Arabia, in the pro- vince of Oman, fltuate on a hay ot the gulf of Peifia, loom Nw Oman. Lon. 56 14 E, lat. 25 55 N. Jutient St. a town of France, in the department of Jura, 18 m s by w Lont le Saunier. Jul'tende Saultt St. a town of France* in the department of Yonne, feated be- tween two mountains covered with vines, near the river Yonne, 6 m nw Joieny. JuHertt a late duchy of Germany, in the circle of Wedphalia, 68 m \ox\g and JO broad ; bounded on the n by Gclderland, E by Cologne, s by Luxem- burg and Treves, and w by Limburg. It now belongs to France, and is in- cluded in the department of Roer. It is remarkable for the quantity of woad it produces. Julien, a fortified city of France, in the department of Roer, lately of Ger- many, and capital of a duchy of its name. It w£.3 taken by the French in 1794. It is feated on the Roer, 22 m w Cologne. Lon 6 24 e, lat. 50 55 N. JuHujburg, a town of Silefia, with a caftie, 4 m N OcU. Jumel/a, a town of Spain, in the pro- vince of Mureia, 22 m sw Mureia. Jumiege, a town of France, in the de- partment t)f Lower Si ine, with a Bene- didtine abbey; feated on the Seine, is m sw Rouen. Jummoo, or Jumbo, a town of Hin- dodftan, in the country of Lahore. It is a place of confiderable trade, fituate on the Rawee, 80 m ne Lahore. Lon* 73 40 K, lat. SI 5a N. -■,) I" '>/f IVR Jumn/t, n rivrr of ilindooltaiit which riffHin tlir moiiiitainint Siiin.)Kur« ttuwn HK liy Dilhiiiiid A^'ia, and Joint Ihc OanK'K, at Alluh.ilMd. JuHogurs a town and fortrcfn of Hin- doiiUan. ill Ouzt-rW, 170 in aw Amcvla b'ltl L(Hi 69 34 t, l.it. 21 48 N. Jutignau, ;j town of Siubii, cMpiia! of a lordHiip t)f thr fame nKXUv 14 m w Biichaii. Junien, St. 1 town of Franct'i 'n the drpaitmnt ot l/ppt-r \'i"Mitii*, on the rivir \ icmif, 15 n» w Limo^rfs. Junkffilan, *n ifla>>d in the Indian octritn nt.tr 'he s^v coid o^Sitn. 60 m ]()Mg, and (rem lu to ;o broid. The loil 18 Inxnriant, and it ha>> » confulrrable trade in ivory and t>n. I'hr principal town,t)f tlie f.imc nanus u fituatt* on the N part of the ifl.uid, and has a harbour capahl of rt'Cf ivii'n v> ffels of a modf- rat' fize- Lun- (;H o i'., iat. 8 to n. Ivoix ; let IJarijfnan. Jura, .m ifljnd of Scotland, ono of the HeiTidts, lying nne of Ifli It it 2' m long and 7 broad, fcparated from the mainland of the connty of Attyle. by a ftratt 4 m wide, called the Sound of Jura On thi' w coaft are four mcun- taint ot a conic lorm -callrd the Pap8 of Jura, one ot which it elevated j6oo ttet abiivf the level of the (ira. The reft of the id ind \» rni;{{cd, riiid eenerally co- vered witli liiath ; but ir feedt nunntr- ous lit-rdH of (hcip and goats. Here it abundance o' iroji re; and on the w caft a gi^at qnamity of fine fand, which IS carried away for the manufac- ture of j:Iafs. I* Ins a village of the lame name, on the k coaft, with a good har- bour L'.n 5 44 w, Iat 568 N. Jura, a d. p.trlment of France, in- cluding p^rt of the late province of Fianche Comt«^. It contain.^ mines of iron of a fupeiiorqiiality, mines 01 cop per and lead, and many qiarnes of biuck marble, jafper, and alabalter. It takes its naine from Mount Jura. Lons le Sa" ler is the capital. Jura, L\Iount, a chain of mountains whici. b'-gins in ihe canton of Zurich, in Swinerlind, txtt;iid8 along the Rnine, into the canton of ."^oleure and the prin- cipality ot Ni ncliatel, branches out to ward P^ya de Vatid, ftpaiatcs that conntry from Fi.u'cr, and continues beyond the fr(>nticrs of theGeiievois as far a^ the Uh'Ts. Ii Pays de Vaiid, this chain forms many elevated valley.";; particularly one on tlie top ot thai part cnlled Mount Jo;x, which is wattred by two pidoreique lakes, the largcft Callei Joux. and theotiter Breiiet. 77}rea, a city of Piedmont, and a bi- 171 fliop't fee, with a (ort. cit.-id.l, and caf- Ml. It now bcloiigt lo Fr-incf, and it •he c; ./tt//fl« 19 de- line .sc de- on 21 i r K AL with CMnon'md military ftorro. The commerce conflfti of fiim and th(> flcini of raindeer. It la (I'atcd on tl.c I/igin, IS m from iti mouth, and jao nr ()li<)t(k- Lon. 160 to t!, lat. 61 4* n. Izquintinanjfo, a town of N« . Spain, in the province of Chi.ipa. The vici- nity produces cotton and a great num- ber of pineapples. It is 100 m sk Chi- apa- Lon. 93 45 w, lat. 16 10 k. K. t^JVordi !hat fometimti bef(in nvith K, and are ^not found under that letlevt may be fought for under the letter C. Kaharda, n town of Ruflia, in the provinct- of ('aucafia, which has a court of judicc It ftands at the flcirts of Mount Caucafus. 36 m sCatharinograd- Kab'ts, or Kubbees, a town of Perfia, in Kerman, fituate in thi; midlt of the defert, 130 m nf. Kerman. Kadhema, a feaport of Arabia, in the province of Bahrin. The Inhabitants arc chiefly employed in the pearl fiftiery. It h leated on ii bay of the gulf of Perfia, 170 m n by w Lachfa. Lon. 47 36 E, lat. }8 40 V. Kah/, a town of Germany, in the late elcdorate of Mcntz, on a rifer of the fume name, 4ms Hanau. Kahla, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, with a t lie 011 a hill ; Seat- ed on the Saal, 30 m sw Naumburg. Kain ; fee Kin. Kairvan, a city of Tunis, the fecond in the k ingdom for trade and population, and has the mod magnificent mofque in Barbary. It is 60 m sse Tunis. Lon. 10 25 E, lat. 35 40 N. Kai/itrieh, or Kaifarijah, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania, the ca- pital of a fungiacat- It was the' ancient Cefarea of Capadochia. It is 5 m in cir- cuit, furrounded by walls, and defended by a cadlc ; and U divided into 180 quarters, in each of which is a molque or chapel. The principal trade is in Morocco leather. It is fituate at the foot of a mountain, always capped witli fnow, 150 m ENE Cogni. Lon. 35 15 e, lat. 38 40 N. I(aket, a town of the country of Georgia, in the province of its name, which comprehends a part of the an- cient Iberia. It is fituate near Mount Caucafus, 45 m NNBTeflis, and 120 nw Cerbend. Kalauf a town of Lufatia, which has a great trade -gu, &c. come to fiay their devotions at his refidence in ben Pira. Kallinburgy a feaport of Denmark, in the ifle of Zealand, feated on an inlet of the Great Belt, with the beft har- boiir, next to Copenhagen, on the ifland. It is 55 m w by N Copenhagen. Lon. II II e, lat. 55 47 N. Kalmucs, a nation of Tartars, inha- biting that part of the Ruflian govern- ment ofCaucafia, which lies between the Volga and the Ural, toward the Cafpian lea. They all live in tents, and remove from place to place in queft of pufture fur their horfes, camels, cows, and flieep. They neither fow corn, nor make hay for their cattle, fo that they live without bread, or any fort of vege- table; and, in winter, their cattle fare like the wild beads. I'heir food is llefh (efpecially that of horfesj filli, wild fowl, and venifon j and they have great plenty of milk, butter, and cheele; but mare's milk is the moft ettceiTied, and from it they make a Itrong fpirit, to which they are partial. They are di- vided into a number of hordes or clans, each under their own particular khan, and all acknowledge the authority of one principal khan, who is called Or- chicurtikhan, or the king of kings, and derives his pedigree from the great Ta- .merlane. All of them, however. hav« fubmitted to the government of Ruflia, or live under its protedlion. Tbiey are paganS) and believe in the tranfmigra- ^>l. K AL tioti of fouli. Ill ptrion they arr of i low n.ituirt Kiul bowrl<,.inil lh« crols llicks jointed for folding toj'.eihtr or exit ndinp ; and thiyarc coveied over with thick felt, more or lels according as the fialbn is cold or warm Kalniunx., i, town of Bav.iria, in the principality < f Neiiburg, at the conflux of the Nab with the Vil*, ix m nnw Katifbon. Kalnhk, a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate ol flr.iclaw, 16 m kne Brarlaw. Kalo, a town o! Upper Hungary, Icat- ed on a lrtk<-, j2 m Ht Tockay. Kaluga, a govctnnnent of the RulTian empire, formerly a province in the go- vernment of Mi)tc'iw. Kaluga, a city uf Riiffia, capital of a goveinmtnt of the fame name, and a place of copfidcr.^ble trade. In i8ta, It was entered by Tome of the French from Moi(;uW}but foon after evacuated. K \ M It it l^atrd on the Oka, no m siw Mofi'ow. l.on. 71 M *<• i't. 54 all N. Kiimakura, an illind of Japan, ^ m in citcuH, lying on thi* » coah of Ni> phon. it U a place of enilc dir ltat« prifoner* i and the road \% lo fteen, that they are lifted up by cranes. Kamulia, a town of NigroLind, In the counity of Mandingo. The inha* bitaiitu An: partly pa^atu, and partly .Mohamcdani. and ha\ * nianuf.ictures of c«)ttnn, leather, and iron. It is jio m WNw Kong. Lon.6o w,lat. 1 1 10 N. Kamhtila, a ridge (if niouniaini lit Tibet, between the lake I'ultc ,and ihc river Biirrampooter. Kameniiz, a town of l1ohrmi.i,in the circle of Bcchin, 17 m e by n Bechin. Kamenjiaia, a town of Kiilfia, in the Envernineni of Voronct/. on the river Kinaet/, 60 m i-sk Lugan. Kaminieck, a flron'g town of Poland, capital of Podolia, and a bidiop'R (ee, with a caftle. VVhen the Riifliansfeizcd part of the Polilh territories in I79lt this fortrelii held out a long time belore it fnrrendercd. The caftle is (eatrd on a craggy rock, 85 m w liraclaw, and 100 8 E Lcmburg. Lon. a6 30 k, iat. 48 58 N. Kamnitz, a town of Bohemia, in the circle ot Leitmcrit/., with a manufadure of Oockings, 21 m nnb Lcitmeritz. Kamtjchatka, a pen in fu la on the E coaft ot Sibiria, extending from s 1 to 61 N Iat. The ifthmus, joining it to the continent on the n, lies between the gulfs of OUitorfk and PcnOiink ; and its extremity to the s i' cape Lopaika. The grvattrt brtadth is 14) m, hfing from the mouth of the river Tigril to tlie rivtr Kamtfchatka ; and toward each extremity it gradually becomei narrower. It is bou!ided on the n by the country ot the Koi lacks, nk by the lea of Kamtfchatka, sfc by the Pacific ocean, and w by the fta of Okotflc. A chain of mountains extends the whole length of the peninfula, and almoft equally dividcn it; whence feveral rivers take their lilc and purl'ue their cot'rfe to the fea- In the s part is a volcano ; and near it are the hot baths ot N'ttchi- kin, where the hot water falls in a rapid caiiL-ade 300 feet. The foil, in general, Is barren and heathy, with ftunted trees thinly fcattered; but fome p irts are (aid to produce good gials. 1 he (tvtrity of the climate is equal to the rterliiyof the foil; for in compu'ing the fe^fons here,fpringfhould bcomittltd. Summer maybe liiid lotxtend trom the middle of June to the middle of September; 0(flo- be; may be confidercd as an autumn ; frnmwhlc It isatldr gniw here Til, garlii allii a var thered at by malhii condituti winter pr fauce to d turnipi ai fpots of g la the utn tlon. Th chadaieH, mixture I rUgei. ' forts, cal houfei. T trr.andth third, iiiir the m(»re external a a round 1 for a chit left in the go in and pole, h.iv aflfoid a li upper go releinbles fummer w intended f having or })rtlerved nnermoft. other cot I this; and thin Pcrfi. wear lung fl^ins, wit have alfo 1 arc ufuall but arc { ihoulders of wives li there is iic than in th( are fui\ji«: trade coni Kamtji, beria, cap citadel, a . fixated on fchatka, i 161 5c li, I Kamtj'ci beria, in Kamtfchal ichaikoi. Kdndeg, in the C.i capital of the rc(|dei fmmwhichpxritKltothcmldilleorjiine It i« all (irr.iry wititrr. Somi* vrgctthirt grow hrre in « wild (late, ruth 4» cher- vil. K*rlic, onioiii, niitfrlicit 4iut Ci'Icry i •ho a variety of berrlct. which ari' g%- Ihcn-d at proper fcironii And prcfcrvcd by m,(ll>int{ them iiiio 4 (hick jam I thcU' conditiiti' .1 fonAili'r.ihle part of tin; winter proviliomi, fcrving ai a ^tncral faucetodrit'd Hth. II>Te are mUo iomo tiirnip-i And turnip rridiihcn, upon .1 few fpotH of ground in the v:dlcyt| and this U the utmoli: extent of gudcn cultiva* tion. Thi! inhiihit inti conlUt of KAmtl" ch.idali-H, Kuni.um, and Coiracs. and a miKturc protiuci'il hy thfir intermar- riagci. Their luhitationi iirc of thrcf forta, called jourti, balaf^ani, and log* houfiM. Thry inhabit the firll in the win- ter, and the lecond in the liimmer; in the third, iniroduccil by the Kuflians, only the more wealthy people rclidc. The external appearance of a jourt refi-mblca a round Iqnat hillock ; a hole (trving for a chimney, window, and door, in left in the centre ; and the inhabitants go in and out by the afTidance of a long pole, having notches deep enough to afford a litilc (ecurity for the toes. The upper gdinent of the Kamtfchadales rcfcmbles a wagoner's frock. If for fummcr wear, it is made of nankin ; if intended for winter, it is made of a (kin, having one fide tanned, and the hair f)rtli'rved on the other, which in worn nnermoft, A dole jacket of nankin, or other c<»tton IhifT, is the next under this; and b( n»ath that a (hirt made of thin Pcrlian fiik oi* any colour. They Wear long brcech«'S and boots made of fltins, with the hair innermoft. They have alfo a fur cap, with two flaps that are ufually tied up clofe to the head, but arc permitted to fall round the Ihoulders in bad weather. A plurality of wives is allowed among them ; and there is no ItCs fenfuality in ihcir jourts, than in the harems of the Turks. They are fu'>j»(a to the RuflTuna, and their trade coniids in fu.s and Ikins. Kamtfchatkoii Miznei. a town of Si- beria, capital of KamtCchatka, with a citadel, arlenal. and barracks. It is firated on thf n fule of the river Kamt- Tchatka, ao m fiom its mouth. Lon. 161 y. K, lit 56 30 .V. Kamtj'chatkoif I rrc/mi, a town of Si- beria, III Kamtfchatka, on the river Kamtfchatka, ijo m sw Ni/nei Kamt- i'chaikoi. Kandegheri, a town of Hindooftan, in the Cariiatic. In 1599 it was the capital of a kingdom, ca!l< d ■^^Jr^lnga, the rcQdence of a Hindoo king, whole K AR dominion* estended over Tanjorr and Madura, and in 1640, a defcend.int ol that prince, wh>) reigned here, p«-loiiKinK 10 ilx- K4lnuici. to %» hoin thr tlukei of M'Tcow, with oiher fictty pritu'ipi)litir« of Unni.it wm- Iri* Hilary, iiiit. in i.';5i, Ivan lUn'ilowitx II con(|urrril K.if.in, which nl AHutic Turkrv, In Ink, 14 m* II •ll»'h I crtJ tor the tomh it> ihr prophet Ri«*klrli which li inntiiMf viU'idtky A iiiiml>«r of .|nw«. AT/A/, t firing fi»rtrf(« of Su.«bl.i, fi'at- Cii on the Khiiie, ovrr which iiittituiKe to 8lr«fl)urg | AnA lo th4t city, when »n ImprrijI oni, it brtongcd ftome of the nnrient foitlAcation* ^r** In riiinn, but It ii ftill 4U Important \)\(n brtw^m FnnCi' und (Icrmaiiy It wdi t4licn by the French in June I79^; ri'takrn by the Aunrlann on Rrpt«Mn>>rr iH lollowing | but thr Frrncli rrg iin> o6 n by w London. hfith, .1 t«iwn of Siotliiiil, ill \\.v\fY- ftiirr, with nuniil i^ttiren of M.inn> derabit brewery, and exi« tiflve m.ig,i- zinrit of fait; (ituat** at ihc conflux of the AUmuhl and Danube, 10 m h9W Katifbon AW//, a borough of Ireland, in Moath, on the river Hlackwai«T, la m N by w Trim. Kelfot a town of Scotland, in Ilex- burgltire, with A bridge ovfr the Tweed, immedinti'ly below the influx of the Te- yiot. The abbey, magnificent ruins of which ftill remain, wan founded by David I. Near it is Fleura, the noble pal.ice of the duke of Koxburg; and, on an eminence, the ruin of Roxburg caftie- Kelfo has manufadluren of car- feting, flannels, leather, linen, and Ihoes. t is 10 m NNE .ledburg, and 42 SE Edinbnrg. Lon. i 29 w, Tat. 55 ^j a- Kelvah, or Kfiat, a town of Pcrfia, in Mekian, and the chiif place of ti.e Balouches. It is lurroundcd by a low mud wall, and the palace of the khan ftandH on a very high hill> The bazar is wellfupplied.anditcnjoysaconriderablc trade. It is ieated on the Nchink, 350 jm Nfc Kidgc. Lon. 65 57 w, lat. 19 6 n. Kemi, or Kienti ; fee Kimi, Jsnnmoo, a town of Negroland, capi- K EN t«l of a country l)|nM !• th# w of Rim* bar*. It is 140 m w s of Buiria, 15m B»a llayrwulh, and a6 K Aml^rg. KrmHtH, a town >.r, con- fifting chit-fly of open downs, is excel- lent for the feeding of flieep ; and many af fattened to an extraordinary fize in Romney matfli. The principal rivers, befidc the Thames, are the Medway, Darent, Stoiir, Cray, and Rothcr. The cities of Kent are Canterbury and Ro- chefter, but Maidllone is the county- town. Kentatffe, a ridge of mountains, in the s pait of Tibet, bordering on Hin- doodan. On the w fide of this ridge are the two heads of the Ganges, and from its v. fide ilTiies the Burrampooter. Kentucky, one of the United States of America, 350 m long and fnmi 30 to 190 broad ; bounded on the n by Oh^o» K by Virginia, s by Tenneflee, and w by the rivers Mifljflippi and Ohio. It is divided into fourteen counties, Lin^ coin, Fayette, Bourbon, Mercer, Jef- ferfon, Nclfon, Maddifon, Woodford, Mal()n, Wafliington, Clark, Scott, Lo- gan, and Franklin. The other prin- cipal rivers are the Kentucky, Licking* Green, Cumberland, and Great Ken- haway, which all flow into the Ohio. The foil is amazingly fertile in the centr'l part; to the e and w it is mountainous, and the s is principally compofed ofthe Barrens, a fterile coun- try deftitute of water. Tobacco, hemp, cc^ton, and the different grains of Eu- rope, but particularly maize and wheat, are cultivated. The country, in general, may be confidered as well timbered, pro- ducing large trees of many kinds: thofe peculiar to it are the fugar-tree, which grows in great plenty, and furnifiies exct llent fugar ; and the honey locuft, which is furrounded by large thorny fpikes, bearing hroad and long pods in form of peas, has a fweet tafte, and makes excellent beer. Here are alfo the coffee-tiee, papwa, cucumber, black mulberry, wild cherry, buck-eye, and Ibme other kinds of trees not common elfewhere. There is plenty of fine cane, on which the cattle feed ; and where no cane grows, there is abund- ance of wild rye, clover, and buffalo- grafs. The mountainous parts pro- duce a great quantity of ginl'^ng- Iron ore and lead are found in abundance ; and there are many large caves, fome of which extend above a mile under a limeftone rock, fuppo;tcd by curious arches and pillars. The waters pro- duce plenty of fifh and fowl ; and ef- pecially on the Ohio, the geefe and ducks are amazingly numerous. The K E R land fowls are tm kii-f ; a fpecies of J'roule, which the inhabitaiitscall phea- arits ; and ciunilri, to which they give the name ot partridfrcs. Serpents are not numerous, and fiich as are to be found in other parts of the continent, except the bulli the horned, and the mockafun Ihakes. Among the native animals are dcers* bears, wild cats, wolves, beavers, otti "s, foxes, rabbits, fqnirrels, racoons, and v^ponTiims Molt of the fpecies of the doneftic quadru- peds have been introdu>'ed fiiice the lettlements, fuch as horfcs, cows, Iheep, and hogp. In iBiothe number of in- habitantr was 406,5 1 1 • Frankfort is the capital. Kentucky^ a river in the (late of its name, which rifes in the Laurel moun- tains, and after a general nw courfe of aoo m, enters the Ohio in lat. 3H 20 n. It is navigable 150 m- Its banks may rather be called precipices, for, almoft every where, they conlift of 300 or 400 feet of Iblid perpendicular limeftone rock ; in fome parts of a fine white marble, curioudy arched, pillared, or blocked up into fine building Aones. Kentzinjfen, a town of Suabia, in Brilgau, on the river Elz, 13 m nnw Friburg. Kerbela ; fee Mefched Hojfein. Kercolang, an ifland in the Indian ocean, about 80 m in circuit. The face of the country feems to be fteep hills and extenfive valleys, and every part to be covered with trees and ver- dure, with fome pleafant cultivated grounds. The inhabitants are Malays. Lon. 126 30 K, lat. 4 28 N. KergueUn Land, an ill and in the Southernocean,vifitedbyCook,ini776. For its fterility, it might properly have been called the Illand of Defblation ; but Cook was unwilling to r'i/ham, a town in Somerfetftiire, with a maiket on Thurfday, and a trade in malt ; ieated on the Chew, at Its conflux wl'Ji the Avon, 5 m se Briftol, and 1 14 w London. Kki-va, the capital of the country of Charafm. It has a ftrong wall of earth, with three gates, turrets at fmall dif- tances, and a broad ditch full of water. The houfes are low, moftly built with mud, the roofs flat, and covered with earth. It ftands on a riling ground, amid fertile plains, aio m nw Bokhara. Lon. 59 ao w, Int. 40 56 n. Khoiy a town of Perlia, in Aderbijan, furrounded by a wall, with toweru that prefent a triangular front. It has ao mofqueSy^and .about 50,000 inhabitants, of which the greater part are A'-menians. It ftands in a rich and beauutul plain, near the river Otour, 85 m wnw Ta- briz. Lon. 45 la E, lat. 38 30 n. Khonjar, a town of Perfia, in Irak, fitaate m a moft fruitful valley, between KIA two ranges of rocky hills, 80 m mw IC- pahan. KhorretMubad ; fet Korumabad. K/wtvar, a town of Perfia, in Irak, ft'attd in a pals of the Albores moun- tains, called the Strait of Khowar, 60 m SE Teheran. Khuw I fee Kont. Kia-iin/f, a city of China, of the firft r.ink, in the province of Tche-kiang. TIte ftreetb have beautiful piazzas to fhflter piflengersfrom the fun and rain ; and there is fcarcely a houfe where they do not breed filkworms. There are many triumphal arches both in the city and fnburbH; and feveral marble towers on the fides of a canal to the w of the city. It is s()o m asb: Peking. Lon. lao 14 K, lat. 30 50 N Kiaktot a town of Siberia, in the go- vernment of Irkutflc, on the borders of Cliinefe Tart iry. It has a confiderable fur trade, and is the mart of the Ruflian and Chineie commerce. It ftands on a fmall river, near its conflux with the Sclenga, 75 m .ssw Selenginlk. Lon. 106 30 E, lat. 50 ao N. Kiangarij a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, chief place of a q.angiacat, with a caftle on a rock. It is ■.,30 m e Burfa. Lon.34 47 E, Irt. 39 .56 N. Kiaag-nati, a province of ChinaV bounded on the w by Ho-nan and Hou- ^ quang, s by Tche-kiang and Kiang fi, f * by the gulf of Nan-king, and n bf Chan-tong. It is of vaft extent, and contains 14 cities of the firft rank, aiid 93 of the fecond and third, which are very populous, and of the greateft note for trade in the empire. It is full of lakes, rivers, and canals ; and its filks, cottons, japanned goods, and paper, are in high efteem. Nan- king is the capital Kiang-nin ; fee Nan-king. Kiang-Jii a province of China, bound- ed on the N by Kiang- nan, w by Hou- quang, s by Quang- tong, and e by Fo- kien and Tche-kiang. The n part con- tains the great Po yang lake, and fome extenfive morafles; the middle and s parts abound in mountains, but there are fine valleys among them. It con- tains 13 cities of the firft rank, and ;8 of the 'fecond and third. The arrack in this province is^ excellent ; and its porcelain Is the fineft and moft valuable in the empire. Nan-tchang isthecapital. Kian-kut the largeft river of Afia It rifes on the n borders of Tibet, fluwa E to the confines of Tartary, then 8 through Lover Hbet into China, erter- ing the province of Yunnan, where it turns to the e, and crofling the pro- vinces of Se-tchuen, Hou-quang, and i K 1 E Kling-nan, enters the Eallern ocean, oppoHtcthe Uland of Tfong-miiif?, after a couife of about 2200 111. Near its fourcL* it is called, by the Eleuths, Por- ticho or Putchow. At ihe place where KIL fword. It wjs altfrw.ird re-eftal)l!(hed, by the Tartars, and in a place ol con- fult-ralile trade. It ftaiuls on the river Min-ho, 260 m SE Nan-king. Lun. 1 17 a H , lat. ^^ 5 v. the Kian-ku bends to the s, it is on the Kien-tch^Ag, a city of C.iina, of the jppolite fide of the mountains which (live rife to the Iloanho; and thefetwo great rivers afterward part to the dil- tance of ai)ove 1000 m, yet finally dif- charge themfelves into the lame lea at about the dillance of 100 m from each other. Kibur<^, a town of SwifTeriand, in the canton of Zurich, with a caflle, feated on the TheolF, 14 m ene Zurich. KidderminjUri a corporate town in Worcefterlhire, with ,1 market on Thurf- day. It is thcfirft marl in England for brtiutifnl carpets, and has alfo manu- ladurcs of poplins, crapes, bombazeeii 8, &c. The nuiTtber of inhabitants was" fiiioin 1801, and 803K in 1811. The StaflTordfhire and Worcefterlhire canal pafles this place. It is I'eated on the Stour, 1 4 m s E Bridgenorth, and i s6 n w London. Kidge, or Kej, a city of Perfia, capital of the province of Mekran. The fort Hands on a high precipice, on the right bank of the Nehink, and is furrounded by the town. The country in its vici- nity is flat, and produces great quan- tities of dates. It is 3 20 m sE Kerman. Lon. 60 55 E, lat. %6 is m- Kidwelyy a town of VValeB, in Car- marthenfhire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Tuefday. It ftands on a creek of the briftol channel, and has a canal to fotne collieries, whence coal is brought and exported. Here alfo is an iron foundery, and a tin mill. On the oppofite bank of the creek, where the old town formerly ftood, are the remains of a caiUe- It is 8 m s Carmarthen, and 326 w by N London. Kief; keKiof. Kiel, a ftrong town of Lower Saxony, in Holftein, with a caftle and a univer- fity. It ftands on a peninfula, in a bay of the Baltic, and has a comipodious harbour for Ihips of the largeft fize. It is (jne of the moft commercial places in Holftein ; and its trade is augmented by meiTis of the Eyder canal, to Rendl- I butt. Kielis 37m NwLubec,and46 Nby I E llamburg. Lon. 10 16 e, lat.54 ai n. fSen-ning, a city of China, of the fir(t»rank, in the province of Fo-kien. At the time of the conqueft of China by the Tartars, it fuftained two ficgea, in the laft of which it was taken, and all the inhaiiitants were put to the \ \ firft rani:, in the province ot Kiang-fi. It is feated in a fertile country, 34 j m ssw Nan-king. Lon. u6 35 k, lat. =7 3,5 N. KU'ou-kiang, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the ptovince of Kiang-fi, fituate on the Kiankii, immediately above the influx of the Poyang-hott. It is the rendezvous of all the barks that pafs to and from other places in this province, and the provinces of Kiang- nan and Ilou-quang. It is 250 m .sw Nan-king. Lon. ij6o k, lat. 29 54 u. Kilbarclmn, a village of Scotland, on the w fide of Locli VVinnoch, 5 m sw Renfrew. It is a manufaiftnring place, and has extenfive bleach-fields. Kilbeggan, a borough of Ireland, in W Meath, feated on the iJolha, 14 m E Athlone, and 4a w Dublin. Kilbride, a tuwn of Scotland, in La- narkftiire, noted for its cotton manu- fadtures, and for being the birthplace of Dr. William Himtcr and his brother John, two celebrated anatomifts. It is 6 m 8 by E Glafgow. Kilcalnionil, a town of Scotland, in Argylelhire, aird in the peninfula of Cantyre, 17 m n Campbelton. Ktlcock, a town of Ireland, in the county of Kildare, on the river Black- water, 17 m w by N Dublin. Kilctol, a town of Ireland, in the county of Wicklow, near which is the celebrated lait-marfti of Cooldrofs. It is ieated near the fea, 18 m sse Dublin. Kilcu/lcfi-Aridge, a town of Ireland, in the county of Kildare, on the river Lif- fey. A mile to the s is the village of Kilcullen, anciently a walled town Kith feven gates, one of which yet remains, and fome other antiquities. It is 26 m sw Dublin. Kilda, St. an ifland of Scotland, one* of the Hebrides, a8 m to the w of N Uift. It is 3 m long and a broad, fenced about with one continued perpendicular face of rock, of prodigious. height, ex- cept at the landing-place, on the se, where there is a narrow and fteep paf- fage to a village on the top of the rock. The furface of the ifland is hilly ; but it feeds many fheep, and produces barley and potatoes. The inhabitants live chiefly by fiftiing, and catching wild fowls. In the latter employment, they are let down by a rope from the fummit lU. >•'' , •'* '■i- ( t ©fthe precipitous rocks an^ ♦!, , bcr along tl c-ir frnnV, ■ r "«"clam. t>''"-''ff; bo„n(k.,i o' ,1 ^ '""«•••"•» 2o t>yCatherIo,Jh/jXf,.7f''i'!. amis PaH/hca, contnins about ^ * '"'u" .'°° meiit. The Drinrin ,'"^"''"^''* 'o parlfa- heMa,tcrnat:,r.Tyth';''V-at*'''^^^ on the cSach a fin '."^'f"* horferaces taining near Sn f "^ '"^^^ P''""". con- ^reatSe °o7Cr'rT"'' '*^^^'' « co^Sir^S^^'T^^th^ ftated near he T?vlV" ^'n'"- ^^ i^ an^a;tt^Vardif,^'^"''-'-'th and zoo N London y' ' "" ^""^ ^""'^^ niouth of theDanubl T^" '"'"^ '^ '^^ the Ruffians in ,1k '* '^'" ^^^^^^ by ^t IS divided into 127 DarifK« • ' about 100,000 infiahS "' contains three members t;"pa^^S, ^"^/^P^Js "ce is in ppnf.r^i I 1 "*• The fur- «w. Suir^iS "Sr^.""" '" "" Bar- the Norr, over whTh ^' '•""•teor, /•i/hN.w,;. rthritde"'o/r;" *'•"''«"'' joined I'.it.and hn.h .""^ """ »« towns In IrelaiK It r"\ ^^"""crcial b"l'op;^ndthecai .?/ ""'^'' ^'^d a Oflbry. The H f '*" '''f biff, p „£ co.rfe wooMens a d fi '"""['^'"•^"^t.s are '■•' the vicini ^are frl"*^ ^''"'*^"'« ^"d ^'•cJwhitemLb'K *'"''■'■'''''"'' f^'ack ford, and 5T' w Dub „' ^°r"' ~ ^^^^r* cou1;;^':v\&'an1 '"i'^;;.^' ■" *»'• "-ted%vith A^;;'^ ^^.'"'OP'^ fee ftrves for the oar ff^ -h- u ^•'^^^^^^^l Pn « fi.ie bay of ,e M^'J"- '' ^^"ds " «'•''-« name' aVm n fe.'" ''!'''^ 9 42 w. lat. 5^ 8 ; "^ ^aftlebar. Lon. co^m^'of 2,rrind' 1"/?.'^' '■" '^« united with K^fenoJa Th ^^^Pf ^« Jhe only church:"" •is^tf;^''"'" Shannon, over which is a hri . °" ">• "NE Limerick "''^*"» '« « the county of cZay i''"""'''' '" cou'^t?oT^;;,;°^"'>fI'^Iand, in the brated lake of the fem? "^'"" "" '^'''f- TraJee. ^ '^'"^ n«™c» ^4 m ss cou'ii^^'^'Kei''"^^''"^' '" the , ^0"gh Lean frn2^% ?')'''-«"ft called by hih mounfr'*''f^'."^^"™"nded three partTSd^^ J/ '« divided into and iTppe/ S "li^-^^er, Middle, 'ower lake! is 6 m 7^^ ""'t''""' «f i S.V!'5«deofLTofe^:i^„.^road. I On the fid; of one of ?£.'"^ ^ ^r^^''- O'SulIivan'a r\r.A ^^^ mountains ii 70 feet wit'h'a t et'ent'^^ '^"^ «''-« oppofitethsiM?-^^"^""/ '°^^'' and c?i'tainfn;'';r ?ift":cts°''Tf '^''^"' montory of MucVnT a ■J ,^ P^°- from tiJe lower Ik; :;^h'''''""SP" "•fo the upper lake tJ^ •" P"'""*^ called theEa.les-neft iif ^" ^ "'*'^' wonderfulecbos Th *''' 'J'''''"*^" tains^fefcend a nnmh ^'%"i ^"^^ ""»""■ cades • and «,! ^^^ ^^ ''^^^t'^"' ^af- lake afford a ""'"^''""^ j«^nds in this views The c.T'\\ ""^ pi«orefque 'nunicatef with ,;^ ^"'^' *^^*'^'' ^''^'n- compar Sn with th.^'^^r' *' ^'"^" '" Doau ot equal variety j but the KIL flioirs are Indented with bays, furrnund- cd by d.»ik groves of trcts. The E boundary is foitni'd by thi* b;ife of M.iiigerton, down the fte^'pfideot'v.'t 'i dilcends a cafciulc, vifible for 150 yards: this fall ot water in fupplitd by ,1 lak<', near the lununit of the mountain, called the Dtvil's Panch>bowl- A'il/tnaiii'c, a town of Ireland, in the county of Tipperary, jom em- CaOiel. hi//evun, a town of Ireland, in the county of Monaghan, 8 m iw Mona- ghan. KiUhifjhy , a town of Conne(5ticnt, in Windham county, fituite on the Qnina- baug. i8 m NE Windham. Jiillinjifiwortb, a town of Connt'dticut, quality. * - - Ki/more, a town of Ireland, in KIM Kihnarnock, a t a nianuf«5lure of fait. It is 6 m sse 'Downpatrick. the county of Cavan, and, with .Armagh, the fee of a bi(hop, '"'^o hris a palace here ; but there is no cathedral. It is g m sw Cavan. Ki/rea, a town of Ireland, in the county of Londonderry, on the river Bann, z2 m k Londonderry. Kilrenny, a borough of >'cotland, in rii'cfhire, on the frith oi" Torlh, a m nb Anftruther. Kilrujhs a town of Ireland, in the Ki'.ljbfgSy a borough and feaport of county of Clare, feated near the mouth Ireland, in the county of Donegal, with of the Shannon, 25 m sw linnis. ja (pacious harbour on the n fide of Do- .'ncgal bay, 16 m w Donegal. Lon. 8 6 ^\ lat. 54 40 N , KillyUaghy a borough of Ireland, in the county of Down, with a linen and thread manufadure. The celcbrattd iii- Hans Sloane was born here. It is iiatcd on an arm of Strangford lough, 7 m N by E Downpatrick. Kilmacduagh^ a village of Ireland, in KUfythi a town of Scotland, in Stir- lingfhire. The vicinity abounds with coal and iron-ftone ; of the latter about 5000 tons are fent annually to Carron. It is 15 m sw Stirling, and 15 NE Glafjjow. Kilivimng, a town of Scotland, in Ayrfl)ire. Here are the remains of a magnificent monaftery ; and on the fite .its church an elegant modern one tias I the cdunty of Galway, but a bifliop's fee been built in a llyle to correfpond with I united to Clonfert. The ruins of the '" " ' "' cathedral, a monaftery, &c. denote the former confcquence of this now wretch- ed place. It is 3 m sw Gort (in which is its parifli church) and 15 n Ennis. KilmaSiliomaSf a town of Ireland, in the county of Waterford, on the river Mahon, 14 m wsw Waterford. Kilma'mhamy a town of Ireland, in a valley, about half a mile sw Dublin. It has a fefiion-houfe, a gaol, a found- ling hofpital, and a hofpital for invalid foldiers. Here the knights for the coun- ty of Dublin are eleded ; and it was the feat of government, before the caf- tie at Dublin was appropriated to that purpofe. Kilmallock, ?. borough of Ireland, in the county of Limerick The ruins of churches, monafteries, &c. deinote its former fplt ndour ; but now it is a poor place, 2o m 8 Limerick. the venerable ruins. 'Ihe vicinity abounds in lirneftone and coal. It is feated near the Garnoch, 5 m nnw Ir- vine Kilivorth, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, on the river Funchean, »5 m NNE Cork. Kimberivorth. a village in W York- fhire, a m w Rotheiham, noted tor its woollen and linen maniif (Jturcs. Kimiolton, a town in Huntinsdon- Ihire, with a market on Friday. Heie is a taftlt, the feat of the duke of Man- cherter, where queen C^ihirine, firft wife to Henry vni, ditd tn 1535. It is 8 m NW .St. Ntot, and 63 -^ by W London. Kimi, or Kiemi, a town of Sweden, in E Bothnia, on a river of the fame name, near its entrance into the gulf of Bothnia, 10 m t Tornea. Kimlajfaj a town cf Hinduoftan, in r .' I| f:k r 7 1 '■ >i I' f wmi "T KI N Mulwa, 40 m s Chdiidcr«'tf, and 185 en k Ougfin. Kimfiolunjr, a town of Europ«an Turkey, iti Moldavia, on the river Mol- dava, 91 m NP. Colofwar. Kin, or h'iiin, a town of PtrfiH, in Chorafan, lirii.itc at the footot a moun- tain, 60 m ssw Herat. Kinburn, a fortkcls of Ruflra. on the s fide of the eftuary of the Diiitrpcr. It has bien frequently attacked by th<; Turks, by lind and tea, but without fuccefs. It is 18 m ssn Oc/akof, on the oppofite Ode of the Dnieper. Lou. 30 34 ••» l-it. 46 i« N. hincanline, a town of Scotland, in Perthfliire, in adiftri«5l aimolt furround- cd by Clackmananfhire, with a commo- dious harbour, and a gn 1801, and 27,439 in 181 1. It lends one member to parliament. The nw part is moun- tainous, and chiefly adapted for paf- ture ; but to the 8 of the Grampians the iurface is in general fertile. The fmall village of Kincanline, 9 m sw Stonehaven, was formeily the capital ; butStonehaven is now the county-town. Kinderhook, a tovrn of New York, in Columbia coiuity, on the e fide of Hud- fon river, 13 m n Hudfon, and 18 s Al- bany. Kineton; ke Kington. Kin,(f County, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, 38 m long and 30 broad ; bounded on the n by W Meath, e by Kildarc, s by Queen county and Tipperary, and w by the Shaiinon, which feparatcs it from Gal- way and Rofcommon. It is divided into 52 pariihes, contains about 74,500 inhabitants, and fends two members to parliament. The principal rivers are the Shannon, Brofna, Boyne, and Bar- ro^v- It is not Ho well cultivated as Tome of the other counties, but the foil is tolerably fertile. The capital is Philiptowo. K IN Ki>ig l>c»rj(e the Third Sound, a har- bour oil the 8W coaft of New Hollanc, difcovrredby Vancouver in i7!oni;l their fond out of, aiidconfufionof the! I fil by their naflinrf^ thin},' ftinksof train and every part i< iina^'ined. hin-gan, a city of rank, in the provincij 0!) the Kan-kiang, Lon, 1 ij; 10 E, lat. 2 1 Kinghorn, a boron) I' iff (hi re, on th<.' frith! two harbours, one bel the other half a mile the pafTage- boats bet\ f-eith. The chief thread ftockings, and! cotton and flax. It is 81 Kings Langley, a vil fhiic, on the river G| Alban. Here was a rcJ by Henry ni the ruinH] be (een. Richard 11 monaftcry, but removt to VVeftminfter. Kingjbridge, a town with a market on Sati| the head of a fmall inlel channel, called Salcor which is a bridge to Do 34 m s by w Exeter, London. ^'".^Jbridge, a town New York, on the w fi fon, over which is a bi ncfts New York ifiand land, 15 m N New York Kingfclere, a town in H a market on Tuelday, ar in malt. It was the rel of our Saxon kings. Ii fingflokc, and 54 w by s King f cliff, a town in fhirc, with a market on w Peterborough, and 8( don. Kingftein, a ftrongforti See Fredericjladt. Kitigflon, a corporate on the river Thames, wi Saturday. A national c( here in the year 838, at thefirft kingofallEngla Athelwolf, were prefcnl of the Saxon monarchs here. This town fent m Wament in the reigns of ,. , ^ KIN ir.irk. Their fiirnifur.' confi/). ^ • • '••"d ••'uIj or their hou ; 1 ' ^' fi'^'s jpoMrodtiu-irga^m^c ^..;;i:t-;-- Mney deem v.lnabu- ,' '"'V "'^'''V"* tt:.'ir food o„t of"^^r'' VJ"/'"' \" ^'■•^ ""HK ftinksoF train o I rirt! ' "• "'^^"''y ••"nd every part i? '«?.?''''"'' ''""'«^' J ^'"^ "fl'er half a mile il I/n'' '"'""' '''^d cotton and flax t isfi m ^ /'"""'"^ "^ ^'■'•c. on the rfv'e? C,T '" "'^"-^'ord- Alban. IlerettrT^"'';'-^ m sw St. 'nonaftery; iSt r^ " :'?^ hwned in its tl>e head oValaM tliV'^^'J'''''^ '^ '^h^nnel, called sVlcLml?'^ ''^^ ^^"^'"^ vvh.ch.-sabrid,et'o'KLT^ ,,NewTr'J:^i;\^b:Tfif^J^^^-eof I fon. over which in ^k -T °^ *'"' Hud- I netfls New York ilL '"^^^ ^''^t con. amaX;?CS"H5-Pft>.V.,w;th in malt, it was thJV ?'j '^ ^'''^'"^^ trade of our Saxon kn^,^ 'f!f-<^- of fome fing/lofce, and 54 w by s r? f" '*' fi^" ft'ro, with a markf-rnn -r ^^'""Pfon- »v PetcrboronX a. d 86 i!;^'"^' '' "^ don. ^ * '" ''o N by w JLon- Se^S;if^"^^-»-^ofNorway! cnfhffcSe?^^-l°""""" Surry. Saturday, a natTon','"^ ^ '"^'''^^t on »'ere in the ^ar £ f ""k"^'' ^''^ ''eld t''e firft kin/of alfl',^ •'^h'^^h J^&bert, Athelwolf, were nfe^t '^""^ '"« fon f the Saxon mona chs '^ '"^ ^'^^"^l J'^re. This town fent LmK' ^^'^^^^^^ ^-entintherefgn?^r|-^-^S tion. Oue. rf PI /•? '.""." ""■ corpora. J'«^M at thf, place 'r'""'*^' '^'"^^ ail- th'- river, an.!, he ^,,,7'';;*'. '"-''Ikc over "ate o„ the .V lide'^f Lf /-r"^*^' ''- .'' ^"^'3 built aftu th. ' ^^''1^^ ^^y- fort KoyaJ) his )^„"'"y'^' t'le town of ---"corporat?l!^f;'ei^"'^"'!'-ni8c3 "' Kre.t trade, and de.I' ^'" V P'^^e ^^ -"'y in Europe tLT'V' ''"'^h/ ^''•iy '"gh, many of the^ •"["* ■""'^ on? and every conveniencv f'"^'' P"^''^'"". ^^''c liabitation htbi^ i\^ "" ^'"'"fort. number of white i.fe s""*^^' The 3=8o.affir?]av7LrP''^«f col^? ^^Jat, .floN'^'^'^'^p. Lon. 7643 Y<■« kept and guarded '%^'"S« ^^^^^ bovver Canada fo^ forth 'Tl'" '"'"""i P'ace; andhenceto Yori T^- '''"" *»"■• [tores and merchandife . ' ^'^^"'^» ^c. ''"ats. It is ,50^ sw M ''°"''<=yed in 75 4 1 vv, lat. 4^4° 5";^ Montreal. Lon. f»^An upon Hu/ly fee //„/, Kmg-tcheou, a citv of n^- ' fi/ftranfc,i„theprSce J? '"«• °^ ^'"^ -^-UtheoS^^^-o^^^^^^^^^^^^ > . T I KIN whom the gnrril'on cunfifln. ft has a great tr,idi'i and (^.iiuii on thi; Kian-kii, 610 m 8SW Peking. Lon. iii 37 k, lut. 41 6 w. Kinif-tftfhin^, a town ofChinn, in the province of Kiang-fi. It is comput- ed to contain above a million of inhabit- ants, and extendi 4 n\ alon^ tlu* bmks of a river, which here forms 'a kirul of harbour. This town is famons for its beautiful porcelain, and wai\t8 nothing but walls to make it a great city. It 18655 m s Peking. Lun. 116 54 p., Ut- »9 a? w. h'iiiiflon, or Kintton, a town in War- wicklhin , witlt a market on Tuefd.iy. Kin^? John ereftod a cattle here, in which he kept his court. It is 10 m ssB Warwick, and 8.i nw Lond')n. Kinffton, or Kyuetou, a town in Ilcrcfordfhire, with a market on Wcd- nefday, and a manufarture of woollen cloth; ftated on tht; Arrow, under Bradnor mountain, 15 m nw Hereford, and 15 ? WNW London. Ktn/ioa, a city of China, of the firft rank, in Tche-kiang, on thobaiiksofa fine river. It has a great trade in dried p^ums and hams ; and is fatnous for good rice-wine, and very white candles; the latter madf of a fubftance obtained from little flirubs with a white flotver, not unlike jfflaminc. It is 190 m s by e Nanking. Lon. 120 10 e, lat. 29 16 n. Kinnaird Uend, a lofty promontory of Scotland, oii the n coalt of Aber- deeiifhire, projctfting above a mile into the fea, to the n of the town of Fra- ferburg. Here is a caftle, four (lories high ; And on the top of it iy a light- houfe. Lon. i 46 w, lat. 57 39 n. Kinnoulf a town of Scotland, in Pcrthfhire, with the remains of an an- cient cadle. The hill of Kinnoul is famous for its fine agates, and alfo abounds with many rare plants- The town ftands at the foot of the hill, on the river Tay, at the e end of the bridge of Perth. Kinrofs, a borough of Scotland, ca- pital of Kinrofsfhire, with a manufac- ture of coarfe linens. The number of inhabitants was 2124 in 1801, and 2214 in 181 1. It is featedin aplain,fkreened on the N by the Ochil hills, and on the river Leven, before it enters Loch Leven, aa m NNW Edinburg. Lon. 3 9 w, lat. 56 7 N. Kinrofs-Jhire, a fmall county of Scot- land, furrounded by the (hires of Perth and Fife. It is almoft circular, about 10 m in di;)meter, and contains four pari(he8. The number of inhabitants was 6725 in 1801, and 7445 in 181 1. KIO The central pirt is occupied by Loch Leven, and the country around has a rich appfarancc. It fend* a mcnilicr to parliament, altern.ituly with the county of Clack manan. h'in/tile, a fmport and horou(;h of Inland, in the county of Cork. It in a maritimt; arCenal, contains 10,000 in- habitants and has an excellent harbour, defcntlf-d by a (\roiip fort. It fends a membi'r to parliament. Conliderabic quantities ot )^rain are exported from this place. It is (eated at the mouth of the fiandon, 14 ms Cork. Lon. U :8 w, lat. 51 42 N. Kitt-tc/iingr, the capital of the idand of Licou-kieou, in the China fea, ind of all the illands under that appella- tion, which form a kingdom. The cdi. fices, temples, and the palace of the king are built after the Japancfe man- ner ; but the houfcs of the Chincfe, the imperial college, and the temple of the goddefs 'Jienfey, are built after the Chinefc. The king',s palace, reckom-d to be 12 m in circuit, is on a neigh, boiuing mountain. Kin-lching has ma- nufatflures of filk, cotton, paper, arms, copper utcnfils, &c. It (lands in a di(tri(5l called Cheouli, the se part of the inand. Lon. 127 ^0 e, lat. 26 2 n. Kin-tong, a city of China, of the firlt rank, in the province of Yun-nan. Tiie furrounding country is mountainous, but the vallif'S yield abundance of rice. It is feated on the Papien, 750 m w by N Canton. Lon. 100 40 R, lat. 24 30 n. Kintore, a borough of Scotland, in Aberdeenihire, on the river Don, ij, m w by N Aberdeen. Kiritzhi^en, a town of Franconi.i, in the principality of Wurtzburg, with a noble Benedi(5line convent, feated on the Maine, 10 m ese Wurtzburg. Kin-1/ang, a city of China, of the firft rank, in Chcn-fi. It has always been deemed as a barrier againft the incurfions of the Tartars, and is ftrong- ly fortified. The country around is very fruitful. It is 560 m sw Peking. Lon. 107 30 E, lat. 36 6 n. Kin-i/uem, acity of China, of the firft rank, m Quang-li. It is feated on a fine river, but furrounded with craggy mountains inhabited by a people almoft favage, 310 m w by n Canton. Lon. loH ij K, lat. 24 2R N. Kiqf, or Kief, a town of Poland, in a palatinate of the fame name, and an archbi(hop's fee, with a caftle. It is the capital of the Rufiian government of Kiof, and carries on a confiderable trade. Here are catacombs of con- fiderable extent, di)g, as would appear. through a mafsl divided into til and feated on thi I Ho m N'K Kami| iVarlaw. Lon. Kiof, a pa lat i I part of the lJkr| w fide of the only two dillrici towns, Icarccly capital, Kiof, bed Kiof, a goverii empire, being pal Little l N by w London. Ktrby Stephen, a tov land, with a market on manufadlure of ftockii the Eden, 9 m sse Aj NNW London. Kirchbacht a town ( Stiria, 14 m sb Grata. "P'^J h tod, '"ound h,i,< a >*'« a mcmiicr «ly with ihc '• boroupl, of Cork-. it;,jj js 10,000 ill- "ent harbour, ■• 'f f'-iuls ,1 C"nfi(Jer.iblc sported from "•«• mouth of Lon. a jij ?f thr idand ['•a fi-a, inii "''t ''PpelM- • Thf ('(jf. '';>ce of the ancfc man. -hiiicff, the iip'cofthe t after tlie » reckoriL'd ' a neigh. ig has ma. Peff arms, inds in a K part of t- 36 2 N. Jfthcfirlt lan. Tlie intainoiis, c of rice, m w by 24 30 N. ■'and, in )on, J, throi.gh a niaft of hardened c!.„ jj . ,, divided into the oKI .n 1 J'" '* '» Kirelih^r^ .. "" * " -nd/caudonthewf fen ; ,"'^ ?°^"' 'CrtmSni ""'" "'' ^"nce. fn th. is on the wfiaef/^''^'^'»''«^ capital, Un^? »T' ^' '"*" "^" Germans • t"e7.va dX; C J'" ^°^'«^- o' Pofli/lcd by the Co/Tac?' ^r'""'-"" «"<« tertion of Po/fnH I ' "'"Jcr th(.. pro. *^", chYcontentcdwth Inf'*' '"'^ ""- king of Pohnr* r I . •'°"" Cafimir a. Aave « "rl,J;^™'.W •» Rum,? •".. .i m w Worms. -•'''" oni.a, in ?» with ated on of the always nft the ftrong- md is 'eking. lefirft on a •■^ggy Imoft that empire 'Thr '"'"''"■"^d '"»''>« to kV- " "> « Marburg ^' ^'ev..n dffiias? Ln7r^''-*^°"'^'"« fiafe?"^ °' ."'^^ '^^-^ provinces o( feat«»H !;„' ^T*",^ '"arket on Thi.rCin /'«^ures of checks ft* ^"^ "^^nu- •«d, 5, sw London '° ""'Kendal, p„t of h^'efejiwote thereateft the river Dow. ,p «. J"^ Moors, near Kir J 7i* ■. J^ 6 n. "'^^^« -b? " Lond^'n.^'""* 5^°*. -<1«4 of1Sd7*';4f''r«''>"dfeapor. «76, ia i8„/^7 ,*}»» 'y Sox, and " leaied acax the *? iN ' • •■,.';.;ii H r I K IR mouth of tht'Dci*. %$ '« 'i|{ «ml J^o broad ; boinulcM oi\ I ho nw by Ayi - ihrc, N ► by Diiinrrie»(liii\', K and r. by Sulway I'rith anil the Iiidi U-a, niid w hy \Vi15tonlhirr. It is dlvUUil into »3 fiiiriiheit. and fend» a member ti> par- lament. 'I'hc number of inhdiitanti was 11), 1 1 1 in iKoi. and ; u6^4i>i il<> ■' Thr northern part id moiihtainon«i and uncultivated; but there ii fume fertile land on thr fid<'s of the rivcrii, and it tVi-d« .1 great number of cattle and lluep. The cliicf rivL'M arc the Dec, Ken, and Orr. Kiri/wn, a town in Lancalhirc, with a mat kit tJuTuefdiy, and a conlidcr- abltf III nuif.icturcof'tMnvas J fcatcd near the mouth of the Kibble, 18 in s Lan- cuO'T, an«l as5 nnw London. Kirkhitillocht a to* n of .Scotl.uul, in Dumbartoiilhire, with maiiufadlureu of linen and cotton ; foatcd near the Kv;l- vin, and the Gnuid canal, 7 m nne Giid'now. KirkUndt a villagp of Scotland, in Fifclhire, on the s lUle of the Lcvcn, 9 m N N K Kirkcaldy. Here is a l.irgc fpinniint-work, and a munufaduvc of Coarfc hnen. Kirileej, a villa):c in W Yorkfliire, fituat*' on tlic Calder, 3 ni nnk Hiid- drrsficld. In the park near it is the monument of the famous Robin Hood. KirkojhvaU, a town in Cumberland, 44 47 N Kelp nn«l corn are -xporlrd. Two m ti) the s i« th<' villa^^c «)f Scalpa, ttn .1 commodion* bay ofitkname, which i. the ut'ual landint{>place from the road of Caithnefi. Kirkw.tll li jom nk Thurto, in Caithnrfi. l.oti. 2 55 w, lat. %,<) 11 n. Ktrmnnjlti, a city of INilia, in Irak. It i> the rrlidence of a prince, whnf.; novernmcnt comnrehcndi an extenlivc tradt ofconiitiy. lliic art four inofcpir*, I.) public bathii, and many ({.irdcim. rive in ttoin tlu- city, in the mount lin* that form the northern boundary of a fine plain, are many exoivatioMn and fculpturcH. Kirm.inlh I Ituuls at tho • extremity of the plain, on the river Karalu, igo m wt H^irdad, and .140 WNW Ifp.ihan. Lon. .\^ jo *, lat. M 56 N. Kir/i, a town of France, in the de- partment of Rhine and Molclle, l.itely of Oermany. in the pd'tinate of the Rhine ; fituatc on the N.ilie, 41 n\ i by w Cobiciit/,. Klrrymuir, a town of Scotlaiiil, iit Forfarfljire, with conlidciabic manu- factures of llu-eting and coarll* linens. It is 5 m NW I'orfar, and 16 n Dundee. Kirjhehr, a town of Aliatic Turkey, in Natoha, formerly a conlidiTable city, called Diccaclarca. Salt is made in the neit;hbourho()d. It is 84 m Nk Cogni. Lon. ,34 15 K, lat. 39 10 N. h'irjbva, a town of European Tur- key, III Uiil};aria, leated on the Danube, 76 m AW Ilina';!. Lon. 2K 4 1^, lat. with a market on Thurfday. On an cirv.itcd fpot, a little to the e, is the ruin of a caflle ; and on another emi- nence, ^ m to the », is the famous druidical monument called Long Meg and her Daughters. Kirkofvvald is feated at the conflux of the C'rogliii with the Eden, 9 m n by e Penrith, and 29s NW London. Kirkpatrlck, a village of Scotland, 5 m ESE Dumbarton. The vcftigesof the Roman wall, built by Antoninus, ex- tend from the Clyde at this place, to Abercorn on the frith of Forth. kirton, a town in Lincolnfliire, with a market on Saturday, ao m n Lincoln, and 147 N by w London. Ki/hc'titigurt a town of Hindooftnn, in Bengal, 45 ^f Calcutta, and 50 s Mooilhedabad. Kijhnit or Ki/mic/j, a fertile illaiid at the entrance of the gulf of Pcrlta. 60 m long and 8 broad, I'cparatrd from the continent of Perfia by a narrow chan- nel that is navigable for large vcflels. On the s fide of theiJland is an exct llent harbour ; and at the t: extremity h the fort of Kilhm, ao m s Gomhron. Lon. Kirkiualt, a borough and feaport of 56 lo e, \\\. 26 58 M. Scotland, capital of Pomona, the prin- KiJJingen, a town of Franconia, in cipal ifland of the Orkneys. It is built on a neck of land, on the e fide of the ifland, at the head of a deep bay. The moft flriking ohjedt is the ftatcly ca- thedral of St. Magnus; oppofite which is the caftle, and near it the bi(hop's palace, both in ruins. The harbour is excellent, with a good outer road, which are defended by a pier. Here are manufadlures of linen, cotton, and the principality of Wurtzburg. In the environs are fome medicinal and fait fprings. it is feated on the Saal, 10 m Nw Schweinfurt. Kijii, one of the feven Caucafian nations that inhabit the countries be- tween the Black fea and the Cafpian. This nation extends from the higheft ridge of Caucafus, along the Sundfha rivulets. They are bounded on the w platting Uraw, and great quantities of by Little Kabarda, e by the Tartan ! Two m '■•'ip.i, on .1 f, which '\4 the ro.ifl of *»• 'niiiHu, •t. 5'> la M. •% in (r.ik. ICC, Whof.; ri cxtrtiliv,; r inofqiif,, f g.irdiiiii. nioiiiit liiiii ul.iry of n ifiori» and lis at the the rivfr and .140 »:» lat. iat. ooftan, JO s Kill irul Lcfjuli, atiil % \)j the f.efKuIi and OcorKi.uif. They cnnlUl of 16 dinriCU rrtriltf^, which .irr^rncnlly at variance with iMi'li other, and widi their neieh- boiiri. Thuic tx-lonKiii^ to the diflrid t of Wapi, An^ulht, and Sh.illci, (ul> niiitid to Kiiin.i In 1770. The Tnietltit n Inbc in 1*0 niiiiicroiii and warlike, and li 11 given the KulIiuH l\> much trouble, that it^ nain>- m tilu.illy {jlven by thtni tothewhu't, Kilti nation. The Ingiillti, who are capable of arming above 500 j men, live in vill.i^'cn n«;ar i-achofncrj they >ire dilij^rnt htilb.iiidiiii'n, atid ncli in cattle. Many nt their villages have n ftone lowir, wliith lerveu, in time of war, siK a retreat to their women :md cliiUlicn, and a ir.igizitic for thnr • iVicti. Ttu'Ie ncuple an* all armed, •iiid have the ciiltoin of wearing; (hieUH. Their rcliKio'i iw very (imple, but has fomctiace* of Chiifliaiiity. Tliy be- lieve in one Omi, wiiorn they call Dail^f but have no (itintH or n'lij;ii'U!) pcifoni ; ami c»'lv'l)r*fc {, on the river Walta, aa '.n !f»w Pilfcn. Klin, a town of Kuiru, in the ko- vernnent of Mofcow, fe.ited on bolli full's the Stftra, brtween two hills, 44 m KNW Molcow. Ktinijnau, a town of SwilTerland, in the county of Raden, ou the river Aar^ 7 m N Baden. Knarejhoroiif^h, a borough in N Yorklhirc, with a market on Wodnef- day. On a ruggevi rod: almoft encom- pailed by the river Nid, are the ruins of its cnltle. Near it 1^ a famous Ipringi called the Dropping Well, which falls in drops from the top nf a rock, and is of a (Irmij; pitrifying quality. K'laref* borough IS celebrated for its linen cloth, IhL' ting, &c. It is 18 m w by N York, and 10', N by w London. Kniij/tton, a town of Wales, In Rad- nnrlhire, with a niurket on Thurfday } feated on the Tcmc, 7 m n by w i'rt deign, and 158 nw London. Knif^htjbriJge, a village m Middlefez, the tirlt from London on the great wellern road- Ht're are cxtenfive bar- racks for foidiers, and a confiderable manufadlure of painted floor-cloths. Knipfittufen, a town and caflle of Weftphalia, in the territory of Jever, 8 m ESE Jever. Knittflfeld, a town of Germany, in Stiria, on the river Mcur, 10 m NNt Judt-nburg. Knoctopher, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Kilkenny, la m s by t Kilkenny. ■ rf»l ll ff 1 1 KOE KnAiiingUif^ « vltbgr in W York- flilrr, nil ihi il»«r Ain', j m » n n Pnn. IcfVa^t it'tlcil for ill liAde In limi>, which i* hiirnt hrrr in f trai i{U4n|tti« i. KifJt^w Kichmoiul. Lon. H4 fl vv, I4I. j^ ^1 N, K'luti/orJ, a town in ChcOiirr, with « itiirkrt on H4lur(l.iy Here \» n cot* toil mill, anil .\ m.iniifu^hiK' of fh.iK velvet* It ii 7 m Nk Norwich, aiiit(na, ill the priiu'ipility of Oiogati, un the river Oiler, i r, m III Glotrau^ KobL oiled by the Chinefr Chumo, a T.ifl ilefcrt of Chmt'fc Tarl-iry, which occupieit almolt all the s extremity of the country of the Kalk.4a. It it mori* than too Iim)(iic« fiom l tow, and al- mofi an much from n to s. hobrin, a town of Lithuania, in the pal.iiinaie of Br/cfi;. It wa» taken by the Rufliui!- in 1794: and ag.iin in 181a, after a battle in uhich they defeated the Saxon.'^. It is jo m K Brzeli;. Koei-tcheou, one of the i'malled pro- vince* io China, bounded on the s by Qiiang-fi, 1; by Ilnu-quang, n by Sc- tchucn, and w by Yun>nan. It iaalmoA adt'lcrt; but produces the beit horfcs in C hina. The inhabitants are moun> taineers, accuflomed to independence, and feem to form a feparatc nation ; being no lelii ferocious tiian the favage animals among which (hey live- BiTidc Koei-yang, the capital, it contains nine cities of the fiift, and 38 of the fecond >nd third dafs Koei-ttluout a city of China, of the firft rank, in Sc-tchuen. It is very rich, thnuijjh its great commerce, and has a cunomhnuic to receive the duties on merchandife. Vail quantities of mulk »rc colie<5led in the neighbourhood, and there are ii^veral fpringsfrom which fait if procured. It (lands on the great river U ON Kidiiku, 6)7 m ii«w Peking. Lon. loq 14 ». Ui Jt lu N. ho»i'jf4i4jf, N lily tijf Ctilnj, capital of thf pniviiKc of Koci tchrou. The rt» mam* of lempte* md p^hi-tt fttll an* nnunce it* litrittrr maxmrtcencr. It it 410 m MW iantoii Lun. 106 19 k» Idl. 16 ,fO N. AoY/» fie Klojff A'o/.i. a town lit KnflVi, in tht* go* vernmcnt of Ari'luii)(i I, capital of Itiil* lian l.apland. It hai a gond harbour 011 the river Kola, near n b:iy of the iains iMine ill the Frozen ocean. Lon. ,V( 1 », lat 6^ 5a N Keim, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Kaurzim, with a caftlc. A little to the w of thin pUci-, in 17^71 the Anlfnan* L-ained a victory over the I'riinianii It 11 a6 m KNk i'r.igiie A'l/mm, aKovrrnmini of the Kiiinan empire, in Siberia, formerly inclndril in the govrrnmcni of Tolxilfk Thil conn'ry ha^ veiy piodtidtive illvi r minri, which havt been called the VoioW of Ruflia They lir bclw< < ti the Ohy and Irtylh, and chnfly iii.u the mruni.iini which f< p.irate Siberia fiom Chincli: Tartary. Ko/ifnn, a town of Siberia, capital of the govcrtinu'iit of the C^mv name In itx tieighboinhood arc filvcr mines of con(i(ld on the river Berd, at its conflux with the Oby, 4U0 m ESK Tobollk. Luu- 81 lo (, lat. 55 «8 N. Kolomna, a town of RiifTia, in the (iveriimcnt of Molcow, and a bifliop'i ea; feated on the Oka, near the influx of the Mofkva, 60 m sk Mofkow. Kom, or hfium, a city of Perfia, in Irak, with a latge collect, and a cele- brated molque containing the fupcib tombs of Scfi 1 and Abas 11. It was taken by the Afganv, in 1712, and al- moft wholly dellroyed. Part of it has fiiice been rebuilt, but the ruins are yet extenflve. The belt fabres and poniards in Perfia are made here, and it has manufadttires ofearthenware. It (lands ut the foot 01 high mountains, and near a river which is loll in the great fait de- fcrt, 70 m H by w Teheran. Lon. 50 40 E, lat. 34 45 N. Kong, a town of Negroland, capital of a kingdom of the fame name, on the borders of Guinea, from which it is fc- paratcd by a ridge of mountains. It i| a^omsswScgo. Lon. 3 20 w,lat. 1 1 aoN. Kongjhaclia, a tovvn of Sweden, in Halland, at the head of a bay of the Categat, 14 m sse Gotheburg. Kongjbergt a town of Norway, in the I Jovrrniol or lh« ll It I* li*o Afl'«y/i minia, .ii| Maelar, Aot.^/ti the goverl river (il< rock, oil (6 in KNi 60 I a N . KoHjCtt] RtW rank] It Dands by hi>?h feeii, whii •hat of I'lJ Lor. 104 Konifh,] Ko>iigin\ hernia, imi name, amli ci.»u» m.uj building* troopH en greater pa on the 1 .1 47 S'i't- Up Konigjh\ nxt llel Koriixji" FrancotiM. Ko>iigjl>i\ left I, in the in HK. Prop Konir/le in the Ncv 15 m N N w Konhji'i pital ot r magniticer brary. It entrance I of the Sal change, 11 dral, ; tin thi riviT IIihIi furroiindcd by \\\^\\ inotintiiini, whrrc a tomb ia fieii, which the Chintfc pti-trnd to he 'h4t of Fo-hi. h ii 6<,o m vv»vv Peking- Lon. 104 ag I, hit \.\ (6 m. honith, or KoiHrh \ Wv i'ogni. Ko'iijfinjfraiz, a fortified town of Bo« hrn\i,i, iMuital of a circle of thi' (ahw ii.imi-. .itui ,1 hi(hop'H fee. It h.ift .1 (pi- fi.)ii» m.trki-t-pl;icr, and m.tny fIcKHit buihiingi In 1762 a body oM'riilliiii troops entered the town, and laid the grcuttT p4rt of it in .When. It in fcitcd on thf I'.lbc, 44 m k l*raj?uc Lon. 15 47 S lat. 50 10 N. ^oniv/herf[t a town of Oertr ly, in Upixt IKir. , 7 m NW (Jirlfen. i\onixji>rri(, a town and calUc of Franconui. 14, m n Srluvtinfurt. honij(jl/rrjf, n town and callle of Si- Klli, in ihe principality of Tropp^u, 15 m sK I'roppaii. Koniff/i'frxi a town of Drandcnhurg, in the New nvirk, on ihc river Rotikc, 35 in NNW Culbiii. Koni.'jberf^t a for tilled city, the ca- pital ot Fiullia, with a iituverfiiy, a maKniHcent palace, and a public li- brary. It ftaiids on tho Prejteljncar ito entrance into the Frifch Ilaff', an inlet of till' Baltic. The townhoufe, thf ex- change, the royal mint, and the cithc- dral, arc fiic flruiturea. I'Iil' lowor of the caltle is very high, whence there is a beautiful prolpedt. The city is 10 n\ in circuit, and contains 58,000 inhabit- ants, who are principally of the Lu- theran r> lijjion. Many of the houfes ar'* lurj;c;ind t'U'Kant ; and the tnde is very cotifidtrable. The Itrong citadr'l, called Frcderirfburp, is a regular fquarc, futrounded by broad ditches and the river ; and within it are a church and an arfenal. No fhips drawing more than le^cn feet water can pals the b.ir, that large veffcls anchor at PilUu, a fmall town on the Baltic Koniglberg was taken by the Kuflians in 1758 ; and in 1K07, after the battle of Fnedland, K n it WM enlCfvd bv Ihr French, ft \•%^l^m N Wtrfiw l.o't. 104) r. lit )4 in. h'«iijf;ti(g an aneUn' cdlU of Mua* b'.i. Ill 4 county of the fa ne n^mi*. R m MW Rivrniburg Ktiif/hiif. A town 'M't cafl'f of IKi- hi>mi.t, u-atcd un ih< Elbe, 1 1 m m Ku- niKingri'x. Ki>HiiJh,t/rn. a town of Pr.inconia, in the prini-ip.ili y of VVurtA'iurit, with « cirtl.-, on the river Saal, ill m nni Scbwrinfiirt. Ko'figjiHittr, a town of lower 8u« ony, ni lh« principality of W Ifcibul- til, with a ceil brat I I'.ib. y,on ibc rivu- let I. utter, 10 m » Uiuiifwick. ho>iijfJrf, .1 town of Ipjier S ixo"y, in I'luirniKL. with a cattle on 4 hi 1, 7 lu w Uudt lil-idt h''iniif/Ui>i, I town and f»rt'^rf. of Upp« r S'lxony, in Miinia, on ihi- iron- tier* of Bohemia. A garrifon n con- ftanfly maintained in the firl, whch Ibind.s on a mountain, and In deemed Impregnable. The town his man.t.iC' turc» of woollen and linen, and i< fea'ed on the Dlb", 19 m ak Dcelden. Lon. 14 :\ t. Lit. 5054 N. Konii(jUirt, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine, with a ciUle on a rock ti m nw Frankfort. Ko'iitz.. a town of W Pruflli, 10 t\\ Nw Culm. Kooch, a town of Illndoolla-i, in the country of Agra, 6 j m k (»w.ilior. and 95 Ml Agra. h'coitjoor, I town of Ilindoollin, ci- pital of a clrcar, in the provinci' <»f Oriifa. It is 86 m nnw Cilt.itk, and 16) Wttw Calcutta. Lon. 85 38 n, lat. ji ^a N. koojiaub, a town of Hindo ilin, in Lahore, Aated mar the C'helum, «8 ni w Lalvire. Lon. 7 i 20 f., lat 30 55 v. K. pirif^, a town of Swiden, in Weft- mania, on a river th,u foon after entcri the lake Maelcr, 20 m wsw VVefl.-ra8. Kopii, a fortified town of Lithuania, in the government of Mohilct, fituale on the Dnieper, .,0 m n Mohil«-f. Kor/itinn, a tow n of Arabia, in Oman, on a bay of the gulf of Orniun, no m n by w Roftak. Kcritifs, a people of Siberia, divided into two foits. Thof properly called KoriHCfl have a fixed rtlidcnce ; the oilicrs are wandcrcr.i, and are known by the appellation of Kaindeer Koriacs. Their flock.^ are mimeroua, and th»y maintain them by conducing them to thofe cantons thai abi>u d with mofs. When thric pafturesare exhaulled, they feek for others. In thiti manner they wander about, encamping under tent* Ti- lt B V 3 K O R *>f fkin, and Ajpporiinp; ihciurflvcs vviih the pioiliicc ot ih»'ir tl»«'t, which arc as ferviccablc tor draught to the Ko- riaca, as the doj^s are to the K;imtfcha- dalea. There ia, in m;uiy nipc-fls, a prt'at reremblancc between the fixed and tlio w.iiKliripg Kon.ics ; yet the miluiuleift iiidinjr which fubfifts among thcin, ciiilt H them to be confidcrcd as two difltrriit p^ ,vle. Their country, Iiowcvrr, is tlie fame, and t.il.ts in a valt extent; hoiindcd on thes l)y Kamt- Ichatka and the Kiilt" of Pcngina, t l)y the country of tlic OliiteriaiiH, n by thai ot the Tclioniichi.'i, and w by the Toiigonu , the L..mont^', and the Ya- kouts. 'l"he mimbcr of fixed Ko'iacs fcarr<-ly exceeds 900; and the waiider- deriiig Koriacs, it U imagined, do not much exceed that amount. The man- ners of the t'orrrer are a i^ixtuie of du- plicity, miftrull, and avarice- Robbers by tiature, they are lufpicious, citicl, incapable either of benevolence or pity. From this perfidious and favage difpo- fiiion, it would ..ot be eafy for them to live in peace, 01 form any durable ties with liu ir n- iu'hbours : hence their con- tinual infurredtions aj^ainft thclhiflians, and thi.ir daily incurfions 01 the pecplc who furround them ; hence the refpec- tivp aniniofilits and revenge that in- ceflHintly fpriub' up. This (late of war foments in every individual a ferocious fptric Theprae'iice of attacking, and of defending themfelves, creates in them an inflexible cr,i;rage, wiiich dcligiits in perpetual combats, mdj^loriesin aeon- tempt ot life. Superftition L-idsiisaidto ennoble in cheir eyes t'^is thirll of blood, by impofing 3 law thrti obliges theni to conquer or to die- Neither the bravery nor the number of their adverfariis can at all intimidate them ; ii is then they fwear to dejhoy the fun. They dif- charge this terrible oath by cutting the throats of their wives and children, burning all their ponVlfions, and rufh- ing madly into the midft of their ene- mies. The combat cannot terminate but by thi total deftrukUion of one of the parties ; for the vanquiflud never feek their fafety by flight, and not a Koriac will furvive the flaughter of his countrymen. Their regular occupation is hunting and filhing; but every feafon will not permit them to follow it. Dur- ing thefe intervals, Ihut up in their deep habitations, they deep, fmoke, and get drunk. Thoughllefs of the future, without regret for the paft, they come not out of their jourts till the moft urgent riccelfity compels them. Thefe jourts arc larger than thofe of the Kamt- KOIl fchadales; but their fdthinefs is more difgufting, for there is neither door, nor vent-hole for the fmoke. They live upon dried fifli, and the fle(h and fat of the whale and Icavvolf. The whale is com- monly eaten raw, and the fe^wolf dried and cooked in the fame manner as their fitli, except the finews, the marrow, the brain, and now and then a flice of the flelh, which they devour raw with ex- treme avidity Uuindeer is their fa- vourite diih. Vegetables aWb form a part of tlu ir food : they gather in au- tumn various forts of berries, of a part of which they make a refrefhing beverage, and the reft is bruiled to powder, and kneaded with the oil of the whale- or feawolf. Their pidTion for llrong liquors, increaled by the dif- ficulty of procuring brandy, has led thtm to invent a drink equally potent, which they extradt irom a red mufli- room. The features ot the majority of the Koriacs are not Aliiitic; and they might be confiderod as Europeans, but for tl.c'ir low llature, their ill Ihape, and the colour of their fkin The other Kori.iC9 have the fame chara(Jteriftic outlines as the Kamtfchadales. Among the women, panieularly, there are very few who have not lunk eyes, flat nofcs, and prominent cheeks. The men are almoU entirely beardlefs, and have fliort hair. The wiirnen carry their children in a kind of net or balket arched over, in which the infant is placed in a fitting pollure, and (heltered from the weather. A plurality of wives is not allowed among the Koriacs ; although there have been inltances of its be'ng prac- tifed without fcruple When a Koriac dies, his relations and neighbours aflc.m- ble to pay him their laft refpetfls. They ere<5l a funeral pile, upon which they place a portion of .the wealth of the deceafed, and a ftock of proTifions con- fifting of whatever they conceive he will want for his great journey, and to keep him from ftarving in the other world. If he be a wandering Kori?c, his deer conduct him to the pile; if a refident Koriac, he is drawn by his dogs, or carried by his relations. The body is exhibited, clothed in his bcfl attire, and lying in a kind of coffin. Tlpere it receives the adieu of the at- tendants, who, with torches in their hands, confider it as an honour fpeedily to reduce their relation or friend to afties. They feel only the regret of a fhort abfence, and not of an eternal fe- paration. They wear no mourning ; and the funeral pomp terminates in a fccnc of intemperance. They acknow- alltl burn| 01 pj neitl nefs inr.oc ♦1-, liiiefs is more thcr door, nor riicy live upon iiid fat of the whale is com- fenwolf dried anucr as their i marrow, tho a nice of the raw with cx- r is their fa- alfb form a gather in au- berries, of a : a refrelhing 18 bruiied to th the oil of Pheir p;iflion ;d by the dif- idy, has led iially potent, a red mufli- (' majority of c; and they ropeans, but ill Ihape, and The other charu(5leriftic lies. Among here are very ?s, flat nofcs, ['he men are id have fliort leir children inched over, i in a fitting the weather. >ot allowed ough there beiri',' prac- tn a Koriac tours aflcm- )e(ft8. They which they alth of the rifions con* onceive he ley, and to the other ng Koriac, pile; if a vn by his ons. The n his bcft of coffin, of the at- s in their ir fpeedily friend to ;gret of a eternal fe- lourning ; ates in a r acknow- KOU !i!((ge a Supreme Being, the creator of all thing's. He inhabits the fun, whofe burning orb they confider as the throne ot palace of the Lord of Nature. They neither fear nor worfliip him : good- nefs they fay is his eflciice ; and it is inr.oofllblc he lliould do any injuiy. The principle of evil they conlider as a f>ltz, a town of Silefia, in the principality of Oppelen, with a CiilUc, at the conflux of the Prudnitz with the Oder, 14 ms Oppelen. KraJ'nipol, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Podolia, 32 m nne Ka- minieck. Krnfnojlaiu, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Chelm, 26 m ssw Chelm. Krafnny. a town of Ruffia, in the go- vernment ofSmoltnflc. In 1812, it was taken by the French, under Murat, Aug. 14; but they were defeated here, under Davourt, with great lofs, Nov. 16 ; and the nextday i a, 000 uiider Ney laid down their arms. It is 28 m sw Smolcnlk. Kranpen. a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Leitmeritz. It has confider- able tin mines in the vicinity, and is ^^ m WNw Leitmeritz- Krautheim, a town and caftle of Fran- coiiia, in the duchy of Wurtzburg, on the river Jaxt, 15 m swMergentheim. Krekith, a corporate town of Wales, in Carnarvonfliire, with a market on Wcdncfday, feated on the Irifh fea, near Traeth-Atnawer bay, where a caftle for- merly ftood, now in ruins. It is 13 m s by E Carnarvon, and 234 nw London. Krempe, a town of Lower Saxony, in Holftein, feated in a marfli and on a river of its name, 5 m n Gluckftadt. Kremst a town of Auflria, which has alum-works, and manufadures of vel- vet, filk fluffs, and excellent thread. It is feated at the conflux of the Krems with the Danube, 36 m wnw Vienna. Lon. 15 36 E, lat. 48 24 N. Kronberg, a town of Auftria, on the Danube, oppofite Clofter Neuburg, 8 m NNw Vienna. Kronberg ; fee Croncnber^. \ ii K UN ii/7//"«ii|' of^ fm iH inatuh, in tlitf liidiiii r«',i, lyiiij,' \v of the coall of M d Hlh 'J'hrfc are fent to the ccniiiii nt ot" India, whence they pi^t ricci '"n^^c. in reUirii ; and alfo to ^I.Tlcat, ill lirgc boatp, vvliich hriiij: back ditcR and '.-ollVf. Calpcny, one of thclaiirt'll. lies molt to the s and K ; and its 8 txtipmity is 170 m to the w of Cochin Lon ^j ..^2 h, lat. 100 n. l,acedo}tna ; Ici* i'ftlov;na. Lachfiu a ci* ..f Ar.diia, capital of the province ot B ihrin. It is vv(dl built, and leated on t)ie Aftati, which flows into a connderable bay of the gulf of I^rfia, oppolite the iilc of Bahrin. Lon. 48 40 Ki lat. 26 2o N. La^thof or Laotchu ; fc« Lao. Ladenburg, a town of Gvrmany, in the late palatinate of tlio Rhin':, ieated on the N''ckcr, 8 m nw Heidelberj;. Ladoj^roy a lake of Rulfia, between the gult of Finland and the lake Onej^a. It is 140 m long and 80 broad, and citeemed to be the largeft lake in Eu- rope. It has n;any quicklandu, which, being moved from place to place by the frequent ftorms, has often proved fatal to the flat-bottomed vefTcls of the Ruf- fians. This induced Peter the great to cut a canal 67 m in length, from the se extremity of this lake to the river Neva, by which it has communicauon with the gulf of Finland. Ladoga^ New, a town of RufTia, in the government of Peterfburg, feated on the Volkhof, between the lake and canal of Ladoga. Old Lidoga, an in- confiderable place, is higher up the Volkhof. New Ladoga is 66 m e Pe- terfburg. Lon. -^t 42 E, lat. 60 o N. Ladrofies, or Marian Ijlands, iflands of the Pacific ocean. They are 11 in number, exclufive of the fmall iflets and locks, lying in 140 e lon. and be- tween II and 22 N lat. They were difcovered by Magellan, in 1521. He touched firft at Guam, where the na- tives ftole fome of his goods, which caufed him to name ♦hrf':; iflands the Ladronea, or Iflands of Thieves. Bolide the other fruits natural to the foil and climate, here is the bresd- fruit tree in abundance. The nimi's of the princi- pal iflanda are Saypan, Tinian, Guam, and Rora. La^^nafco, a town of Piedmont, 24 in s Turin. Lajin;/, a town of France, in the de- L A U partnicnt of .Seine .md Marne, witli A famous Beiu'didine abbey ; ftttcd on the Mime, 15 m k. Paris. I'axoi, a fc.iport of Portugal, in Al- parv.i. with a cattle. Ileic the Englirti flirts bound to the Mediterranean uiual- ly take in frdh water. Off the cape near this town, in i7.i;9, admiral Bofcavven defeated a French fli-tt. It is 120 m ssk Liflion. Lon. H j6 w, lat- 37 14 n. J-a}rou a town of New Spain, in Guadalaxara, ftated in a plain fertile in wheat, on the borders of Mcchoacan, 42 m NW Guanaxuato. Laguna, the capital of TcnorifT. See Chrijhpht! de f-fi 119 46 t, lat. 37 y N- l.aland, a fertile itland of Denmark, in the Baltic, lying w of Falfter, from which it 18 I'eparated by a narrow chan- nel. Naxlfow is the c-'''al. J^a/angtan illand, near ihe N coaft of the idand of Sumatra, in the (Irait of Malacca* Lon. 99 20 e, lut. i 45 n. Lambachy a town of Audria, 24 m ssw Lintz. LambalU, a town of France, in the department of Cotes du Nord, with a good trade in cattle, linen, and parch- ment, II m ESE St. Brieuc Latnhayeque, a town on the coaft of Peru, with upward of 30,000 inhabit- ants, the generality of whom are poor Spaniards, Mulattos, and Indians. It is I TO m NNW Truxillo. Lon. 79 35 w, lat. 6 45 s. Lambefct a town of France, in the department of Mouths of the Rhof e, 9 m N Aix. Lambetht a town in Surry, on th? river Thames, oppofite Weftminfter Here the archbifhop of Canterbury has an ancient palace. By {he vaft increafc of buildingR, Lambeth is now joined to the metropolis, in a dire^ion to each of the three bridges ; and the number of inhabitants in 181 1 was 41,644. Lambourn, a town in BerkJhire, vvilh a market on Friday, feated on a river of the fame name, 15 m sw Abingdon, and 65 w London. Lamego, a city of Portugal, in Beiva, and a bilhop's lee, with a ftrong citadel, two cathedral churches, and four con- vents. Here theftateBaffembled 10 con- firm the eledtion of Alfonzo Henriqutz, the firft king of Portugal, and cna<5kd the fundamental laws, now forj^otti-n. LAN It i.i fiMtc«l on the Doiiro, $0 m t> O|)iiit0. I-'i;). 7 30 w, l,\t 4i 12 N. I'aiuermuir, a lUountauifiUR ridge if> Scotland, wliiih divides the county of I'erwitli fiom that of Iladington for above ao ni.atul terminatcH on the w ut Sontra hill, wiiich i-* elevated 17 16 feet above the fea. Thele hills an- bleak and barren, aflbrding but fcanty pafture for fhc«p. Ltimlajh, a lofty illand of Scotland, in Butt'lhire, near the sl UJe of tin- ifl.- of Arran, oppofite Kilbride. It ('Xtends 3 m, and on the w fide forms a ftmicircu- lar bay of its name, which is ont> of the fafcft harbours in the univerfe, for vef- fels of any fize. I' is fometimes called Molas, and the Holy Ifli.', from havinp been the retreat of St. Maol Joi, whofc cave, well, ^c. are ihown to ftrangcrs. The ifland is one vaft mountain, in great part covered with heath, and invcfled with vipers; uut along the fule of tlie bay has fufFicent pafturc and arable land to fupport the few inhabitants, who live in a village of the fame name. Lon. 4 55 w. 'it. 55 3.3 N. Lamo, an ifland of Africa, on i\\v. coalt of Zanguebar, tributary to the Portuguefe. The capital, of the fame name, is well fortified. Lon. 40 24 e, lat. a o s. Lampa, a town of Peru, capital of a jurifdidion, in the biOiopric of Cnfco- The country is in I'ome parts very fer- tile, others unprodudtive ; but lilver mines are abundar.t. It is 130 m s by w Cufco. Lon. 7a o w, lat. 14 56 s. LampedoJ'a, an ifland in the iV'Jedittr- ranean, between the coaft of Tunis and the ifland of Malta. It is ai m in cir- cuit, plealimt and fertile, though not inhabited ; but it has a good harbour, where (hips v^atcr. Lon. 12 24 e, lat. 35 40 N. Lamport, a town of Sumatra, capital of a diltrid bclon^cing to the king of Bantam. The Dutch have a refident here. It is fituate on a bay of the fame name, in the ftrait of Sunda, 180 m sk Bencool«:n. Lon. 104 15 t, lat. 540 k. Lampfaco, a town of Afiatic '1 urkey, in Natolia, celebrated for its wine; feated on the ftrait of Gallipoli, nearly oppofite the town of Gallipoli. Lamfpringe, a town of Lower Sax- ony, in the piincipality of Hilderftieim, fituate at thefource of the rivulet Lame, 17 ni s Hilderlhcim. Lancq/fjirct a county of England, bounded on the n by Cumberland and Weftmorland, e by Yorkftiiie, 8 by Cheftiire, and \v by ilie liith fea. It is rii 1: ■'*; 'I ^i 'J LAN 74 m from k to s (incliulinp ,•» dctnchcd huiulucl on thf Nw, called Fiirnefs, which is (ir'>arat»(l from the nd by a creek, at thf h«'ad of Morccambe bay) and its K''<'^t*^'^ breadth is 44 m. It contHiiis 1,1551840 acrts; is divided into fix hniKJrcds, and ^>9 p.irilhes; has 37 maikct-towiiH ; and fi iids 14 members to p.irli.iment. The niiri'ber of inhabit- ants w, 18 672,7)1 in 1801, and 818,^09 in 181 1. It is a county-palatine, under the tii'eof the Duchy of Lancalter; the only duchy of England (that of Corn- wall excepted) which is not merely titular. 1 his county compriies a va- riety of foil and face of country ; but upon the whole, is one of thufe which are the lead fivoured by nature. The hundred of Furnefs is a wild and rug- ged itjiioii, ftxred with quantities of iron-on.' and Hate, and covered with a jjrowth of underwood, which \» cut in fucceffion, nnd made into charcoal. The E part, between the Kibble and the M^rfey, compriHng the ancient forefts of WyrelUale and Howland, is moun- taiiiouii and generally b uren ; but the s pait of the tradl between thefe two Tivers is flat, quite from the fea to the commenctmcntof theridgepalledBlack- ftontdee, which leparates the county from Yorkfliire. Much of this is a fer- tile country, though occalicmally de- formed by black turf bogs, here called mofll-a; fbmc of which are of large ex- tent, and impaflible in wet feafons. In the NF. part of this dlvilion are feme lofty hills, the mott noted of which is Pendle hill. The remaining part is varied with hill, dale, and moor- Lan- cafhire is little adapted for a corn coun- try, but is Angularly fitted for the growth of potatoes. Among its pro- du(ft8 is a fpecies of coal, called cannel, fa: exceeding all other, not only in making a clear fire, but for being capa- ble of being manufactured into candle- fticks, cups, ftandiflies, fnnfF-bc)xes, &c. As a commerrial and manufacturing tfounty, it is fuperior to any other in the kingdom. Its principal manufac- tures are linen, filk, and cotton goods ; fuftians and counterpanes, Ihalloons, bays, ferges, 'tapes, hats, canvas, fack- ing, pins, iron goods, plate-glafs, &c. Of the commerce of this county, it may fuffice to obferve, that Liverpool is the iecond port in the kingdom. The principal rivers are the Merfey, Irwell, Ribble, Loyne, Levtrn, Wyre, Hoddcr, Roche, Duddoi,, Winfter, and Ken ; and it has two confiderabie lakes, Win- ander-merc and ('onifton-mere. It has alfo numerous canals, and the honour LAN of exhibiting the firft regular one in the kingdom, which was begun by the duke of Bridgewatcr in 1758. Lancajhr, a borough and the capital of Laiicafhire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It is featetl on the Loyne, or Lune, which forms a port for vclfcls of moderate burden, and over it are two ftone bridges. Along the river fide is a fine quay, alfo yards for ihip-building : and a canal, from Kendal, winds rounds the e part of the town, which is conveyed over the river by an aqueduct of five arches. The number of inhabitants was 9030 in 1801, and 9147 in 181 1. The church is a fine firuCture, on the fide of a hill, on the fummit of which is a noble caftle, ferving both as the (liire-houfe and the county-gaol. Here are alfo a neat chapel, feveral meeting-houfes, and an exchange- On the top of the caftle '"* a fquare tower, called John of Oaunt's Chair, whence there is an ex- tenfive profptCt. Five m from this place is Dunaldmill-holc, a cave at the foot of a mountain, into which a large brook runs and pafles » m underground before it appears again : fome of its vaults are fo high, that they refemble the roof of a church, and in other parts fo low, that they can be pafTed only by creeping on the hands and feet. Lancafter car- ries on a confiderabie trade, efpecially to the W Indies ; is noted for the making of mahogany cabinet ware ; and hat manufactures of canvas and coarfe linens. It is 66 m s Carlifie, and 240 NNw London. Lon. 2 56 w, lat. 544N. Laticajhr, a borough of Pennfyl- vania, c^ Aa I a N- Lunch drdc of Waldcck LanJi" the dncb^ Huhnv Latitl^n an emini atraubint Latulf in Braba by the Fi and for Aultvian; feated on Lande departm Elhoni, I.atuh the pvin the sw < 7 m Nii Land eluding taki;s it called I of the jaody c • and th< corks a capital Lan the d( fieged It was a fev< after Frenc m Eb lencie La nt'ie, IP in the \hc (Juki! LAN m long and lo bro.ul. It is vcy lilgli, and has a n lod h.irbour at the >.'r: end. Lnn. I ? 26 w, hit. iq 14 :i- I'anc'uiiiot \ towi; ol N iplcs, in Abrii/- zo Citra, and an arcMiilliop's let;. It iu fimous fur two ^rt-U aiiiiual fairs and fcatt'd on the Ftiirino, 100 111 n by j; Napir:;. Lon. 14 <;o Ef lat. 4i iH v. Landau, i ftroun t wn of rrnu-c, in the ilcparttnciit of Lowii- lUiiiu'. lii I'lQi ii was tnl^eii !| 9 12 .V . I'cvidaKi a town of G< rmniy, in tlie circle of Upper Rhin«', and coiiniy of W.ildceic, i) ni Nh Cortj.ieli. Lanilauy a town of I,ower Saxony, in the; di:chy of Urunfwick, feated on the Uiilmii*, 13 m liNK Gottingcn. Landau^ a town of Bavaria, fituate on an eminence, by the IfiMi 15 rn sse Straubingen. LatuUn, A town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, famous ('or a battle gained by tht! French over the MUicti, in 169.] ; and for a battle in 179,3, in which the Anrtrians defeated the French. It is Icated on the Becke, j3 m Ebi; Lonvain. Landernnu, a town of France, in the department of Finiftevrc, Hated on the Eihorn, •;o in ne Bre.T:. LandtroH, a town of Swifretlaiiu, in the principality of Neuchatei, lituate at the sw extremity of the laiie of liifnne, 7 m N'lc Neuchalel. Landts, a department of France, in- clnding the lite terrii )ry of Martini. It taki.'s its nanr.'from a diftri(5t,herttofore called Landes, extendiiig alon.q the coall of the bay of Bifcay. It iii a banc-n i'aady country, covered widi fern, pint.'.;, and the ho!m-trte, of the har'c of wliicii corks are made. Mont de Marfan is the capital. Landrecxf, a ftrong town of France, in the department of Nord. It was be- fieged in vain by prince Eugene in 1 7 1 2. It was taken by the allic;; in 1794, after a fevere bombardment ; i>m rtiortly after the garrifon furrcndcred to the French. It is feated on tlie Savnbre, 18 m E by s Cambray, and 19 b by e Va- lenciennes. J'andriano, a town of Italy, in Mila- nelc, II m sse Milan. LAN Landjlfrt;, a town of Bradcidjurg, in the New mark, with a conlidnabic ir.ide in ciotl's a'ld wool. In 1758 It was taken by the Riidians. It is feated on the U'arta, j) m ni: Cultun. L,t)i,iji>.'r^, a town of Bav.iria, with a riflic on ttii front icrH of Su.ibn, near the river h eh, 23 m s iVn^fburg. I.iind/i'-o)!, a f.irtifietl feapoit of Swe- den, in .Sclionm, feated on an illaiid, nrar tlu' S.uiid, \\\ h a good hirbonr bftwicn thf eont ;i' nt and a fniall il- land. It is io rn \w Lund, and 21 nnk Copenhagen. Lon. 1 ;. 51 i.lif. 55 53 N. LaKuljl roil, a town and lort of 1' )iaiid, ill liii: palatinate of Cr.icovv, ^4 m a Cracow. Lrt/id Irnii, .1 fort of France, in tlic depirtineni of Uppt-r Rhine, fiittd on an cmiihucc. on tl)c bonlfrs of SwiU'cr- l.nul, ,• rn .w Btlll. Ln'idffnd, a promontory in Corn- wall, the mo'l wclbrly point of Great Hiiiaiii. Il i ..I vail a>,'g' ^^ale of niooi-- Itonj, and on tl.e «)iiienrio(t rocks at low water are to b; i\x\\ voiiis of lead .ind copper. I^oii. 1; 41 w, lit. 50 4 s. LandJIjut, a town of liiv.iiia, v.iiLlr a palace, a collej'iite chnreli, and a *)ejii- tifiil convent. Upon an luljaciiit inonn- tain is the ancient calile of Tranlnitz. It is ftatcd on an illand m the river Ifei', 35 m NE Munich. Lon. ii ii e, lat. 48 ,30 s, iMndJhut, a town of Silefia, in the principality of Scliweidnitz, with a doniilhing linen trade ; leatcd on the Bobcr, zx m s-w Schweidnilz. Ln>:dJ?}utt a town of Moravia, feated on the Morau, (^n the confines of Hun- gary and Auftria, .36 m sk Bru'in. Laudjlrufs, or ha'uitmjt, a I own of Germany, in Carniola, with u caftleand a Ciltercian convent ; fituate on an if- land in the rivu'jl.orot4x/i< a boronjjh of Ireland, in llif county of Lonnfurd, iitiute un the Shannon, S tn bw Lon^'ford. Lnnj^anico, tlir ancient Olyinpia, a town of European Tiukty, m Mon a, fituate on the (mall river (.iibon, the ancinit Alpheiia. It was once a city of great note, near which the famous Olympian games were celebrated ; and hen' was a fine temple of Jupiter Olympus, with a celebrated iin;i};e of that gi'd, 50 cubiis high, whicli w;ih reckoned one of the ftvcn woudern of the world. It is now an inconliderable place, 3: m ;.i Chiarenz.i, and 60 sw Corinth. I-anfreac, a town of France, in the department of Upper Loire, Ceaied nc.ir the Allier, among mountains, 11 m 3 by K Briondc. Laufreais, a town of France, in the department of ludre and Loire, featcd on the Loire, li m w Tours. Lanjiielandu an ifland of Denmark, in the s part of the Groat Kelt. It is '3,3, m long, bnt fcarcely .15 broad, and pro- duces plenty of corn. The principal town is Rudkioping. Lanf^enhcrf^, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Hohenlohe, wi-th a caltle; featcd on the Jaxt, 13 m s Alerpentheim. huKgenfalza, a town of Upper Sax- ony, fometimes accounted the capital of Thuringia, with a caftle, a college, and two churches. The environs are pleafant, and it has noted manufadlures of fluffs. It ftandH on the Salza, near its conflux with the Unftrut, 17 m w by N Erfurt. Lou. 10 43 e, lat. 51 5 n. Langenthal, a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Bern. Here are three annual fairs, at which great quantities of linen, as alfo cattle, chcefe, and grain, are Ibid. Near the town are fome me- dicinal fprings. It is 10 m e Soleure, and 18 NE Bern. LangenzeriHi a town of Franconia, in the principality ofAnlpach, on tneil- vcr Zemi, and near the Rednitz, 30 n: NE Anfpach. Langholntf a town of Scotland, In Duinfricsihire, with an extenfive cotton T. A N mannladliire; fcatfd on the F(k, 1^ m r by N Dumfrirs, and j8 n by w C.trlifle. I.tmxionf, a city, dctmetl by fome the capital, of the kingd«)ni of L.io. H has a magnificent royal palace, and (tands on a fmall river, :i»y, a town (tf Ft.incf, In the ilcpartmi-nt ot NortI, 5 m hk Mflf. I.nnjinhiirr, a town of NfW YoA, c.ipii.ti ot K' nfclicr count/. Here is a WbrAxy compnny. incoipor.itrd in 177/;; niul in .icjdriny, incorporited in \-;oh. It Hands on the *■ tide oKthc Mndlun, oppofitf tlK s branch of thff Mohawk, cy m -IN'' Alhinjr. Lon. 74 8 w, l.it. 4^ 4.^ N. Lanro, a town of Pi('dmont> on the rivtr Stnri, u. m n\v Turin. l,no, .1 !;iiiKd()m of Ali.i, bouiiflrd on the N l>7 China, R by Tonqiiin, s by Cambodia, and w by Siam and M'rmah. ll is fiirroiindt (I by mountains, covered with forcfts, whicij prcdiicf .ibuiid ince of excellent timber ; but ihr country ii* in general fl.tt, and the foil ft-ttile, being watered by numerous rivulets liom thf mountams, and a ntimbci* of CJnalj I'lom the Mecon, which llo-,v;! from N to s, throiij^h the whole reprioii. Somt' writers make a dilMndioti be- tween the northern part, which they call Laotchu or L ictho ; and the fouth- ern, which they call I^anjan or Liiit- chan. In the mountains arc many la- vages who go niiked. The climate is fomewhat more temperate than that of Tonquin, and more healthful. It abounds in rice, fruit, honey, wax, and cotton ; the principal drui^s are ben- jamin and lac ; and a great fource of wealth is from elephants teeth, which animal is no where in greater perfedion than in this country. Gold and lilver are found in certain places of the river ; .ird it has mines of iron, lead, and tin. 'I'hc Laos or Lanjans are well made, ro- buft, ofan olive complexion, and mild dilpolition ; but very fuperltitious, and much addided to women. Their prin- cipal occupation is tillinpr the ground and fiihing ; for they have little com- merce, and are averft tobufineft. The religion, language, and manners are much the lame as in Tonquin. 'ihiK Itiiigdom became I'ubjedt toCochinchin.i about the commencement of the prefeni century. Lanjan is the capital, or, according to fome, Langione. Laon, a town of France, capital of the department of A line, with 11 caftle, and lately a biftiop'a fee. The princi- pal trade conlids m corn and wine. It is leated on a mountain, 77 m nk Paris. Lon. 3 43 E, lat. 4'; 34 n. Lajie/a, a town of I'ortugal. in Entre Douro e Minho, leated on the Mniho, i^ m E by N V'alenza. //', apile, antl lupple, l)iit ;it Ll',.' 1 ime time much in- clined to l.i/inel".. 'I'liey are pea;' able, obedient to ti.' ir fiiperiors, cheerful in company, but nii'liiiftfnl, cheat;) in commerce, and iVi proud of their coun- try and conllitutiar., that whi.'U re- moved from the placi. of thtir nativity, they ufually die ct' the n;/laI|L;ii, or longing to return. Their women are ihort, often well made, coniplaifant, chifte, .'itid of w'ak nerves; which is alfo observable I'lmetimcs among the men. The langu.igt? of the Lapland rsj comprehends To many tlialedts, that it is with difficulty ihey undtrlland each other. The men are divided into Filhers and Mcrnuaineers. The former make their h«oitations in the neigh- bourhood of fomt lake, whence they draw their lubhftcnce. The o»hero leek their fuppurt upon the mountains, poflelfing herds of raindeer, which they uie according to the fealbn ; but they go generally 011 foot. They are very induftrious her Jlmen, and are nich in compari/oH of the Filhers. Some of them poll'efs 600 or icoo raindeer ; and they caltrat<; the luperfluous malts by criiiliing the tefticlcs with their teeth. The Lapland fiftitrs, who arc alio called Laplandtr^ofthe woods (becaufeinfnm- ni'jr ihey dwell upcMi the borders of the lakes, and in wintt-r in the forelta) live by fiihing and hunting, and choufe their cC 3 f i*l f LAP fltuiitinn from it» convenl-ncp for H« th«-r Hrl'uK- louking Rl'icr tl>«-ir ruin- deer, the liOury, and th« ctLicf, the mi'n I'mpluy thcmlclvva in the con- fit uClioii ul thcit c uiucH, uhich .irr \if,Ui aiiil computet i tficy alio make ilt-dgcii to which they givi' the t'oim ol n c.iiioc. and h-irnrri for the reindeer: it it the man'ii burinctV*, lilicwiftf, to lo()k .iftcr the kitchen Thr « tiipicjyuieMt ol the women conlillH in mikiii^^ ncu lor (he flihery, drying nili and mt-ar, nitikiii}: thi* raindt'cr, making chrcfe, and tanning hidftf. The artiilcH o\' dnlH are thr foltr Jalniur of tiic women ; ami tktv alfo make fcveral utcnfiN in wood, i'ncn as rui>«. bowls, 8cc. which arc fomt-- timi;» prettily t-arved !ntnttime« orna- mented with l)oniH, 1)1 als, »ir luirn. Tliiy prrpari' thi ikivi-h of the rain- deei in iueh a manner av to make them fcrve for •hrtad ; and draw hral-. wiic by I'.'' h Ip of tht liornoof ihf raMultcr ?ierci'd, 'nlt'iad of a driu^ing iron 'hiy tiLliioid^T their cloihc" witli br^N wire Oiv-r, (li.im gold, oi W' ol, v/hioli t*uv have >hr art if ilying in all foitsot n.;onis. 'J'ln (f people live in huts in the form of tcnis, covered with briat*. b.irk, linen, turf, coarfe cloth, felt, or rati'det'r«ft.in'i ; and tlic tloor is of tell, n^ade like two curtains which open al'iindcf. Thiy are not able to ftaiid upright in tli' I'c huts, but con- ftaiitly fit upon tluii heeU round the fijc- At night ;liiy lie down (juite naked ; and, to fcparate the apart- menlfl, pl.irc upright Jticks at fmall diftances. Tlicy cover themfelves with their clotlici*, and in winter put their feet into a fur bsg. Their houfehold furniture confills of iron or copper kcttlto, wooden cip«, bowls, Ipo^is, and fometiines tin or even filvcr ba- fina: to thefc maybe added their im- plements of filhing and hunting. That they may not be obliged to carry fuch a number oi things with them in their ex- curfionB, tlicy build, at certain diftances, In the forcds, little huts made like pi- geon-houles, and placed upon the trunk of a tree cut o/fat about the height of fix feet from the root. In thefc elevated huts they keep their goods and provifions; and though they are never Huit, yet are they never plundered. In their drefs they ufe no linen. The men wear cloth pantaloons, reaching down to their fhoes, which are made of untanned Ikin, pointed, and turned up before. Their doublet, or clofe garment, is made of fliecp-lkin, with the wool on, the woolly fide being inward : it has a high collar, made ftiff v.iih cloth neatly LAP worked with diff. riMif coloured thrcidi, and ixten«liiij: a little way down tl;c bread. Over ihix they wear a loolr coat of coarlie cloth, or of the (kin of the riindecr, t'lC (kirtt of which reach down to the kiut h. and it ii fiftent-.l round them by a Icatlirrn H''dU, orna. menttd with plates of tin o bralV. 'I'o thi'« gii M 'hey tic their knivi-., their itilliiimeni r getting fire, and their fri oliing a| iiatuh. 'Their clothes an: always bnrd' .,,d with fur, or clofh ot a dilftrcnt colour. Their cap^ are olu conical foim, generally nia«le of four piece* of r« d kerl'ey tloth, and tlr- four (i'lmrt adorned uith Jilt* of a yellow coli'iir : Oil the top ot th^* rap iii fixed a tadt 1 o!' (lircflH of diifcrcnt coloured cloth ; and tlit. lower part hai* a border offur. The Uiifli. 01 I, ipl.indc's gene- rally border their cap* with en. line. The w<4men wear pantaloons, llioes,' doublets, and cloio coats, like the men; bu' tluir girdl." is commoi.lytm- broidiTcd with braf* wire. HJldr thtr', ihey wear ktrcliiifH, and little apr-iiis, made of Kiifl'ian p. tinted clotli, riiij.:s iiiul the neck. They (oniclimes wear caps folded after the iiianner of turhann, and fnmt times caps to the (liape of the head ; bi>t all an* crna- nu'iited with the tn\br()ii!rry oi' la alii wire, or with lid of diffi rent colours. Sterility is a ivproach among the wo- men, 'ihey arc generally delivered without difllculty; the hufband allifts at the labour, and affords his wife the nccell'iry help. Their cradle is fmall, light, and m.ide in tlie fliape of i canoe ; and, in their journeys, the women carry it at their backs. Th-.-ir wed- dings are kept at the bride's houfc, who appears with her h( ad cjuite un- covered, which, at other times, is never the cullom with either women or n.ai- dens : the fcaft is a kinil of club-mefs, to wiiich each of the guefts brings meat and drink. Their diverfions at weddings and other merry-makings, is the game of fox and geefe ; they wreftle, and jump over a ftick ; and are fond of giving grotef(|ue acc(>unt.s of different adventures. 'Ihey likewifi; dance and fing, or rather howl in difagreeable meafures. The raindeer fupply the Laplanders with the grcateft part •f their provilions ; the chace and the filhcry furnifli the reft; but the flefli of tb** bear is their moft delicate meat. T.teir common drink is water, Sometimes mixed with milk ; and they .^fc fond of li "with them. traflic is with I hilttice il ilwJ landers t b«-cai iVins aiul fui cloth, .nul h. iiviiicy, whuh occafmn f«>' . \fcll »• <'<«"^ I think of vain •, of death do tl it i;l hidden, want it ill " Swedifli and j^reatelf nuinh irs, bear the their religi<>;i tian and pana ^flr, a cif^ II (I an, with a ruins. Tlie i in the midillt by a wall, tl: baz.ir in ftid of the kind it faflures of i It is lituate fandy loil, ' tj 40 E, lat. Lurac/ift | kingdom of jrood harbou the r.filting building. 1 lightful ^arc mi.nthotthi I.on. 6 6 w, Laredo, :' with a B«K Bifcay, 3® Largtutii department Privas. Larfiio, a fliirc, on a the opeiiiui a harbour I influx of tl a manufail is 9 m ssw Largs, fliire, witl of Clyde, feat of til invaliou o 15 IT\ NW Lariuo, county of Larlo, Larijfa key, ipi archbilho Tome haiK 'I' \>n the r .1 loofr '»' flcin of '"if <»rnn. raf*. '!•„ 'Vf», their "ul llivir ■•'otiiei .iru clofh of a ^ a re ol'u '■ «'f four I til- n,i„ a yrlNivv coloured f* -1 border to gcnc- •11. line. II, /llOCB/ il'f the rioi.lytin- Uifide Ilk! littlt; '■'I c!ot!j, rrings, to clLiins or nc limes oniotimcs "'.inner of M to the iii'i* rirna. ' of Lra(!j t colours. J the v/o- dflivcrcil iiid a/Iifts wife the is imall, I canoe; women ■ir ucd' i hciife, [iiite un- is never or iv.iii- ih-mcfs, I brings fions at lakiiigs, ■ .' they k j and ^counts ikewifu owl in lindeer [rcatcft cc and Lit the elicate water, ithcy I. AH are f'Hi«i of brand/, hut If U fcarce with thrm. Tluir mod c >nndcMl)l«* traffic i» with the Norwegi.uii, .md the biiltncc if aiwaya in f.tvoiir of the f.ip- j.itui^N ( iM'catili' they cm ftirnilli more (kios and fuiA tlian thry liiiy llmir, clotli, and hardware ko(hI'>- All the m'lncyi which they have not immedi.ite Dccurinn for, they luiry in thf earth, .ih well ai their plate, am! whalevi r t'ley think of valiii'. Nor evrM« at tlir* point of death do th;*y decl.ire tin* (pot where it 1:1 hidden, imaKhiiriK that th<-y lliall want it in the other worle mirldle of liie city, I'urrounded by a wall, Hanked with towers 'I'he bazar in fiitl to be the noblcft flru(flurc of the kind in Perlia. Here arc manu- faflureiof mulketu and cotton cloth. It i» tituati* between mountaini, in a fandy i()i!, 170 m 8 by c Shiiai. Lon. f.^ 40 E, lat. »7 20 N. Liirnc/if, or l.antijh, a city of the kingdom of Te/, with a caftle and a i'ood harbour. Here arc magazinei for the r»?fitting of vefTcIs, but no docks for building. The vicinity abounds in de- lightful ^ardv.ns. It it) feated near the mouth ot the Lucos, 46 m ssw Tangier. Lon. 6 6 w, lat. .35 8 n. I^aredoy a town of Spain, in Bilcay, with a good barbour, on the bay of Bilcay, 30 m wnw liilboa. Largtntiere, a town of France, in the department of Ardechc, 18 m sw Privas. Latf^Ot '1 town of Scotland, in Fife- fliire, on a fpacious bay of its name, at the opening of the fritlj of Forth, with a harbour for Hiips of 200 tooo, at the influx of the river Keil. The town has a. manufacture of linen and checks, and is y m ssw "t. Andrew. Largs, a towa of Scotland, in Ayr- fliire, with a fmall harbour 011 the fntli of Clyde. It is memorable for the de- feat of the Norwegi ;n3, in their laft invalion of this country, in 1263. It is 15 m Nw Irvine. Larhtoy a town of Naples, in the county of Molife, 25 m ene Molife. Lario, n lake of Italy. See Como. Larijfci. a town of European Tur- key, capital of ThefTaly, and a Greek archbilhop's fee, with a palace, and Tome handibnie moii^ucs. It was famous L AK «■ th» re ndrncc of Aeliillr«, and rrt lina iti ancient namr 'f'l" iiih.ibitanti, rl- tima'i'd at a^.ouo cirv on 4 large tradi. ft in iea:«d on tfie Sdembn«, till' ancirnf I'etieuv, 75 m ' by w 8«- lonica L'>ii ii 4* >, lat <•» 4H n. l-a>ijlant A Im ill nov" i\ of P- rfla, bounded 00 the n by FaMllKin, r Uy K'T nan, iti'l • iixl w by ihf gulf of Petii I, It li the poor.ft irul Ic ill pro« dut^live pioviticw* lit Herfia. Lar it the capii d. I.arnt. a town of Irel.ind, in the courity of Ant'im, on a liv.r of the fitne name, at im entrance into an Inlet of the fei. called Larne Lough, H m if Carrickfergim Lanuca, or l-artife, a town of Cy« prus, the lc« of a (»reck hilhop, and tlie relideiice of levcr.il European con- litis. See Sitlinfj. Larry IlunJiir, a town of Ilindooftan, on the N branch ot the tnduH, called the Pitty, which is capable of receiving fliipH of 200 tons burden. It in 56 mi w by rt Tatta. Lon. 66 4) t, lat. 24 43 w. I.arta ; fee Arta> Larvii(en, or Laurivigen, a feaport of Norway, capital of a county of the fame name. It i* a place of coiilidcr- able tr.ide, and itii iri)n-work8 are ef« teemed among the moft viluable in Norway. It (tands at the conllux of two rivcru, near the fea, 5.^ m ssw Chriltiania. Lon. 10 15 k, lat. 59 3 N. LaJ'r.ebourg, a town of Savoy, 011 the river Arc, at the foct of Mount Cenii, the paflagc of which in the principal fupport of the inhabitants. The fun ii hidden from the inhabitanttt of this town, by the mountains, during two nionths in the year. It is ao m nnw Sufa. Lajfa, or Lahojfuy a city and the capital of Tibet. It is not larjje, but the hoofes are of Hone, Ipacions and lofty. Seven m on the k fide of the city is the mountain of Putala, on the fnmmit of which is the palace of the grand lama, the high prielt an' in;tt, R town of 'he ktitj^ttom (kt U"*t<>> ctpitii nf a JiiriritUMion of thr tutuc niinr. It \v,is nr*rlv tl*** llrnyitt hy mi i'.ittli(|ii kc In i^i^^i ■rul mud ol' the iith.ihit.inti hirirU i.t thu rulni. 'I'hf Itrrrti urc bioul ntul llr»ight| the huiifiMi only nnr it'iry hlKh, And nnhtit, htiitt with .1 kitui of numicf. which nImiiiuU in tlir nviph- DOiithotHl. (]rcit qiiiititirt of pork urc l.tltt'd here ( iind In the vicinit? !• m.ul- full' rfiUMrthni w.iiC' it ii 50 :n H Ouilo. Lor. 78 ;o W| l.«t. I JO !t. l.iitniia, the Niie'lnit Ii;"bU', or black veined with whitr. It in ffatt'd 011 tl.i: Maycnnc, 45 m w M.ins. Lon, o 45 w, lat. 4H s N. l.nviimundt 11 t«)wn of Germany, in Caiintliia, fr.ited en the Dravc, 23 m K Cl.igintuit. Lai'iitir, a town of Fr.ince, in the department of Turn, and lately n bi- fliop'« IVp ; fealed on thi- /\g()Ul, 20 m tNH. Tonloiife. luwbaclit a town of Germany, in Wetieravia, with a callle, 10 m i: by a Giffcn. l.atiLach, or Layhach, a ftrongtown of Germany, capital of ( arniol.i, and latc'y an archhilliop'fl fee. The caflle, c.illid the Old i'orf, ftand'i on a monii- taiu, .inil i • now iil'ed only for a prifon. It has manufae'tiiies of lilk, lealiier, and excellent cloth ; and is feated on a river of the lame n ime, 3X m si; Clagcnfurt. Lon. 14 i,x, r, lat 4^ 11 N. Laiihan, a walled town of T.iifatia, on the frontiers of Silclia, with .a good trade in cloth, y.irn, and linen ; feated on the Qiiiefs, 14 n\ ksk ( orlitz. laucliJloJt., a town of Upper Saxony, in \iilnia, with a celclnated bath, 6 m WNW Meil'chiirg. Latulth a town and caftle of Fran- conia, in the principality i-f VViirtz- biitj:, fin the river Taubcr, aa m sw Wurtzbiirp. / aurJi'r, a borough of Scotland, in Bcrwicklhire. The caftle, built by Ed- ward I us a fortr<^i8, is now the feat of l.XV ibe f 4rt of r. um!i niaku It It CnUA vn the river l.aiiiler, ta 111 «r Kdinlnirt. f..iVfU, or /.«/r/y. ii xillam* of the NfthirUiidi*. ill thr t< rriiury of LIru'i'. 4 m w Murftricht A luttle wk« gj*"" d hi*re by the Fierirh, in 17471 over \Ur alliei, rtimmanded by the duke of Cuti. beiland. Liit'clh, X town of NapK'»i in ISanii* cata, 6 in n Vetioia /,0iifnburjft )i town of l.owrr Suxony, ripital of i\ duchy of ihc fjnu* ii.iinc. 'I'bcie li only our wing left o( llur ar.- clfiit cailK* will re the duke* rclid>'d :uit/.. It lt.lnd^ on the I'.lbe.U'low the ii.ilux ui tlip 8teckenit/| 35 m rsi. Ilatiibiirg. Lon. 1030 U, hit. 5j sa n. / nufttlurff, a town of Fiudier Po- mcra'iia, c.ipital of a tiiiitoiy of tlii i.imc 1 aine. It (lands 011 tl-.c Lcb.i. ucai- ilie 0.'.ltic, 37 m w by N Daiitzic. Loti. 17 4H K, lat'. 54 J7 H. Lu\'fn/ifun, .1 town in SiiOolk. wilh a market on Tue|itay,aiul nMiiiifaOUirea of hempen cloth and woollen y.irn . (eated on a branch of the llrct, la m •. by 1: Uuiy St. J.dmund, and 61 t>if Loiuluii. I.avrr.'), .1 town of Italy, In Milancf!', neatly built and much vilited. Clofe to it on the N rifeii a craggy irountaini from which pour.s a coiiltant calc.idtN It \a lituatt? on the r. iido of the wided nait of the lake MiiKH'*""*'* 10 m w » areii'i and ^4 NW' .Mil.in. l.uutnjUin, a town ot Upper Saxony, ill Mifiiia. Ii has mines of tin and iron, and ftaiuh on the Moglit/, 17 m sDicUlen. Lavrnzoy a town of Italy, in the prin- cipality of M.iflii, with acit.uM ; feated at the month of the l.avMiy.i, on the gulf of Genoa, 6 in w nw Malla. l'OuJ\ a town of I'Vanconia, in the ter- ritoi y of Nurenlnrg, leatid on the Peg- nit/, y m t Nurenbeig. l.uufftu^ a town of Bavaria, in the duchy of Sal/burg, with a fine caftle, leatciloiilheSal/a, 10 m NNwSalzburg. Laujf'cn, a town of Suabia, in thr ducliy of Wiiti'niberg, ti-ated on the Ne'-kar, 15 ni n Stutgard- I (uiffe)!, J town of SwiU'trland, in the canton of HaicI, near ihc rivtr Birs, 12 m ssvv Hilt-l. Luiijfcu, a town of Switzerland, in the canton of Ziirii;h, with a caflle. Here i.s a celebrated c.'itaia(it ot the Rhine ; the perpendicular height of which i;i about 60 feel, and the breadth 300. It is 3 m s by w hchauifhaulen. LuuJJ'euburg, a ftrong'town of Suabi;). • linlntr^ |'K«; «>| fhv «>Ur ilir ••; «»f Clin. ". ill Jafiii. i'frHaxofiy, •'> (li«f ai. U'« relUfi«| llil'v .irr (cut MU of tlx J'- J J S> N. •iriluT Fo- "ly of till I-cIm, nil >t/ic. Lull. Hoik. wf(/i >)iif»i.Mtii'r» ''II y.irn . < t, i» m .. "Ill 6i tit. II MiLini-n-, [1. Clolcto mountain, lit ciicid*.'. tlio wiilcrb I lo in w I'l Saxony, »f' lia .uid r'it/, 17 m iiihr'prln- ilj featod •I. on the lla. in tfir tcr- I tlw Peg. 1.1. ill tlie nc caaic, ^;«lzbur}<. i» in thr i on the id, in the Rks, 13 id, In the '• Here Rhine ; I'hich i.i }oo. It Snnbiiu LA U •M ot the four Voteii'townt, with a «•!!)«• It i« liJtrit uii a ruL'lit on the KhiMt Mihkh diviilf« It in two parti. UtTf U i Imjill iMl4r4if)i iiuti'd hr the IjrAiiiy «>f ihr (ceinry. It U 15 m a by N Hikl l,on H t », Ui 47 15 M. i.rtu^filon, a vill.tir'' iti U Yoiklhlri', on a hiKh hill, /» m » 111 Kothnliani It ii nntrd for iti church, wholi* neat towfr .in( ciftlc, now in ruins, but the tower fervci ai a prifon \ and a little without ihr town (laiidii the old priory. Thr (pring afll/ci are hrld here, the fMintntT aliV/.t's .it liodmin or Truro. Iltr** ii a fret'fchool founded by uunii I'ilifabcth. The number uf inhabitant* was 148/1 in iHoi, and 17,1^8 in 181 1. It is fcated on the iulc of .1 hill, iit ar tlie river Tamar, aM in n riymouth, and 314 w by s London. Lon. 4 21 w, lat. .5» l8 N. Launtj, a town of hohcmia, near the river liger, 1 % in r. n v. S.ia/ . Lavoro, Terro Ji, a province of Na- plci. 6) m loN^ and 35 broad; bounded on the w l)y Campagna di Uonia, N byAbru/zo Ultra .uid Citra, v. I)y tlit- county of MoliCc and I'rincipato Ultra, and H by Principato Citra. It i« proper for tillage, whonce it t(n»k itti n;imc, at >' fertile in cxci'llent winrs and fruits. There are alfo mineral I'prings, and mines of fulphur. Naplt,!. in the capital. Laitpen, a town of SwinVrland, in th(; canton of Dern, at thf conflux of the S.inncn and Scnfc, 6 ni sw Ik-rn. Luurinijren, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Wurt/burjr, on the river Laur, 11 m nk Schwcinfurt. Lauwif^y a fi'aport o( Norway, in the province of Aggeriiuys, ami capital of a county of its name. Thi> tr.idf is con- nderjble, and its iron- works an- redcoii' cd among the moft valuable in Norway. It is fituate near the head of a bay, be- tween theinflux of two livi-rs, 65 m ssw Chriftiania. Lon 10 13 t , lat. 59 4 n. I.aufanne, a town of Swillerland, capital of the canton of Pays de Vaud, and a biiliop's fee, with a famous col- lege. It flands on a very uneven tra^ LAX oftand. formrd by ihrre (mall hilU j till* lufty p4rta afford x.uv nioii fublimc vicwi ill nalorc. Th>- eUurch, the townhouft', and other public ItuildiuKi, are m«gittAei>nt. It ii ;| > m nr (Jcncv4| .uul 41 vw B<*rn. Lun. 6 45 a, lat. 44 i.tiMiiH/>nrjf, a town of W Pru(na» in the pjl4tiii.ite of Culm, 60 m a by • Culm. Luulirbatit, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Saalr., noted for excellent tin-ntinei, •; m %flw (.',irlfb.id. l.itultihMch, a town of Oermany, in Upper'UcfTc, with a trade in linen and woollen ctothii (rated on the Vogelf- IwKi I j •» *• WW Fulda. Lanl/rkruHH, a villagf of SwifTerlandy in the canton of Bcin, 6 m a Intcria* chen. it ii fcated in a romintic valley of the Time name, cdebrati t for iti c.v tar»(:t, called Staubbich, which ruthea down a precipice i.}^n feet high with fuch impituoiity, a» to refolve itielf into a fine (pray, wnich, viewiil in lome fl- tiiaticuis, relemltleH.i clt)ud of duft. I'uuttrburjf, a town of France, in the department of Lower Khine. It wat taken by the Aultriani in I79^ It (tindii on the Lauter, near it* conflux with the >(hiiie, 10 m t.%t Weillen* I'tirg, and 14 s Landau. I.uutcriik, a town of Fr.incr, In the ilep.irtmciit of Mont Tonnerre, lately of (/.rinany, in the duchy of Deux Ponts, fcated oil the Olan, 30 m n by k Deux P«>nti. Luuitita, a town of France, in the dep.irtmint of Lot, io in aw Cahori. Lauzun, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lot and Garonne, 15 m ni M.irinande. Lanvrrncet St. a large river of N America, proceeding from Lake On- tario, fiom which it runs ;'.'.)0ve 700 m to\htr >;ulf of St. Lawrence, in the At- Li'itic. ItB mouth !:; >;6 m wide ; ex- tending from cape Uofier;, its s point, by the w end of ilie ifland uf Anticodi, to the N (hure It is navigable for (hipa of war as fir a; Q'tebf-c, which is up- ward of 400 m, and veflcis from Eu- rope afcend lo Montreal, which is i6e in further; a courle of navigation, for large velleU, fuperior to any oth(;r river in the world. Beyond Montreal it isfo full of Ihoals and rocks, that it will not admit large vcH'eis. It is here fome- tiines called the Iroquois. Lanvrence-kirky a town of Scotland, in Kincardineihire, with a manufatflure of linen, 8 m n by w Montrofc, and 16 sw Stonehaven. Laxenboitrgt a town of Auftiia, with , II »44 I ' I 1. K B n p.'il.Ke, IVntcd on tUi: Siicch.it, lo m & V/eniia. /j/iy^i/r/j ; fee lauhnch. Ltft, .1 river that rifis in I'dlfiM-clfhlrc, nc.ir l.uloii, Hows to Hcrtldid and "W.i'i", and (liviJiri)' V.il't'X from Hcrr- fordlhirc and Midillt'vx, fiiUTb the Thimcf. bcl(nv IVackw.ili. Lnhlhtlh, a villaj{(' orSroil,!! d, t8 in fs l.iintrk, litiiate anud niuiiiit.iiiis. in vvliicli in* vicli nune." of Ii.id. H<'rc ifi a publiv- libiMrv. iitted up l>y tlu'tnincrs, wl'o worU t'lily I'x hoiiriiin n day. and cinr>N.V iniKM <»f llieir fi>;iri' t'Tie in n-atiiiu/. It. IS I'lippoltd t'l lif thi- highcll inh.ibitcd place in Britain, Leing about aooa feet above tlie Icvoi ni thi; I'-a. Lraminvton Prions a villn^e in W.ir- vickfhire, on tlic river l.^Mmo, 2 m K Warvviel;. Hero are fome falini- lprinji:s, with warm and cold batiis, a pump- room, ai:d good accommodatiuiis for genlecl company. Leco-toigt or Chen-yang, one of the three departments of Ealtern Tartnry, or country of the Mandihur Tartars, who henci> entered and conqutrcd Cliina. It 18 bounded on the s by the great wail of China and the Yellow fca, and cnclofd on the e, n, and w by a palifide of (taki'r- feven feet high, with- out either bank or ditch. CLen-yang, or MoiiKcUn, is the capital. Iicatherhcadn, a town in Surry, which had t'ormtrly a market. Here is a bridjce of \\ arches over thi' river Mole, which a little above is laid to n^ake its reappearaiict' above ground. It is lii in 89 vv London. LeHthes-cu'ater, or Thirlmere, a lake in Cumberland, lying ssf ff Kefwick. It is narrow and irregular, about 3 m in Icng'.h, ikirting ihe foot of Ileive'lyn, a'ld receiving numerous to' rents from t.'iat huge mountani. 'J'hc fii;^:ular beauty if this lake is its being almoft inteifeit!S the river Grceta, which runs into the Deiwent, below .'vcf- wick. Leba, a town of Fur' her Pomerania, en the river Ltba, which, after formiig a hkc -.5 m in circuit, enters the Baltic lea It is 16 m nn w Lauenburg. ^jchanou, a tow 11 of Pt-nntylvania, in Dauphin cciinty, with two churches; feated en Oiiitiphilli creek, zi m i-. by N llarrifburg, and 80 :;w Philadel phia. LtlmKon, Xrt3 in England. It is the principal of tii.- clolhirig towns in Yorlc- Ihire, and the mart for the coloured and white broad cloths, of which vaft quantities arc aiKl in its two cloth-hall?, within the fj;ace of an hour, without the lead confufion. The miiiiufuiilures that liipply thcl'e two hails extend about ic m to the s, 15 to th» sw, and eight to th;: n and w ; the nrilxcd cloths being ninftly made in the ntighbourhood of the river .'■' ire, iiul the white cloths in that of thi: ('aider. Ltecis haa five churches and fevcral nieeting-houfes ; ;i flniivilhinR nianufaClurc of carpets, Ibme niills for the cutting of tobacco, and icveral potteries. In the ri'^igh- homhood are numerous collieries, and great quantities ot coal arc fent to York and Hull. Three m to the nnw, on the river Aire, (lands the venerable re- mains of Kirkdal abbey, embowered in groves of oak- Leeds and its liberty contained 531162 inhabitants in 1801, and 62,5,:^4 in i«ii. A canal pafTes hence to Liverpool, bv which and the river this town has a communication with the Irilh fea aii'i the German ocean. It is 22 m wbw York, and 192 n by w I,onJon. Lon. i 34 w, lat. 53 48 n. Leeds, a town of Virginia, in Rich- mond county, on the n fide of the Rap- pahannoc, 34 m se Falmouth, and 50 NE Richmond. Le^fk, a town in Staftordlhire, with a market on Wednelilay, and manufac- ture > of [V.\i handkerchiefs, ribands, twif;, and buttons ; feated on the Chur- net, ai m K Stafford, and J54 nnw London- Leer, or Lc/ir, a town of Weftphalia, in E Fried ind, on a river of the iame name, which foon after joins the Ems. It is II m sii Emden. Lecrdai,\, a town of .S Holland, feated on the I^inghe, 6 m ni: Gorcum. f.eerort, a fortrel's of Weftphalia, in E Frielland, feated at \he conllux of the Leer with the Ems, 10 m E by .s Eniden. Leers, or Liers, a town of the Ne- therlands, in the territory of Liege, near which a battle was gained by the LEO Frcndi, in 1746, over tlic allies, coni- mandtd by prince Ciiarlcs of Lonain. It is 4 m N Liege. Leejhurg, a town of Virgini.i, c'liif of Loudon county. It is 40 m nw AUx- andria, and 55 tsK Wincheftcr. Letjhurfr^ a town of N Carolina, chief of Cafwell county. It is .30 m nw Hi.lf- borough, and 95 w Halifax. Leijbur;^, or Leejhiun, a town of Kentucky, in Fayette county, on the river Kentucky, 2c m w Lexington. Leeuiue, a fovtil^ed town of the Nc- therland,s, in Brabant, taken by the allies in i7o,';. It is feated in a morafs, on (lie liver Gecte, 12 m e Louvain. Lee^Mnrd Ijltouh, fr.ch of the Caribe iflandsjin the Weft Indites, as commence at St. Thomai, and extend iE to Do- minica, Lefuo^^a, one of the Ilapaee iflands, in the Pacific ocean, vifited by Cook in 1776. Many parts of the country near the fea are fandy and bar;\ n ; but in the internal parts were large fpots covered with the paper mulberry-tree, and plant- ations flocked with plants and fruit- trees. To thefe Cook made fome in- creafe by adding melons, maize, &:c. The ifiand is 7 m long and 3 broad. Leghorn, or Livorno, a llrong city of Tufcany, in Pifano, and a bilhop's fee. It has one of the bed harbours in tlni Mediterranean ; and the inhabitants, computed at 40,000, carry on a great trade. The ftreets are wide and ftraight, and a.moft all the houfes of the lame height. There are fo many canals, that fome have given it the title of New Venice. The Jews, who are numerous, ' have a hand fome fynagogue and fchonls; the Greeks and Armenlanshavechurches of their own ; and no religion is dif- turbed. Near the harbour is a large building, in which they (hut up every night the Turks and the galley (laves. At a little diftance is a lighthouie, on a fmall illand. The trade confifts of foreign goods, as cotton, lugar, cocoa, ip'ces, fulphur, and alum ; and in home produ(flions, as eflcnces, oils, wine, (Iraw-hats, cloth, juniper berries, oran- ges, lambs and goats (kins, and coral. In 1 74 1, this city fuffercd greatly by an earthquake. In 1796, it was entered by the French, who were obliged to eva- cuate it in 1799, but they re-entered it the following year. It is 12 m ssw Pifa, and 55 w»\v Florence. Lon. 10 25 K, lat. 43 33 N. Lcgnago, a town of Italy, In Vero- nefc, feated on the Adige, with a regu- lar fortrefsj. The town is populous, W\ \ m d LEI and rarrics on h confidenbic tMdc, pailicularly in grain, which ij facilitated by means of a canal from t'.ie Adige to t'': I'o. It riiirtiulcK d to the French in ir96. It is 14 rn f.r. Vcioiia. /..'i/jnitz, a town vf GtTinauy, in Sti- ria, foatcd on the Sulm, i6 in b Gratz. f.fici-Jfer, a town of MafTuimfcts, in Wurcdtei- county, with an academy and a confiderable mannfafturc of wool cards, 6 m wnw Worcefter. Lekfjier, a borough and the capital of Leictftf rfliire, governed by a mayor, witii a market on Saturday. In the civil wars the walls were in a great mciilnre dcmolifhcd ; the caftk' was alfo difmaniled, the hjill and kitclicn being the only parts that are left entire, and the aflizes are held '.:! the former. It has five churches, and fcvcral meeting-houies. The c«)mbi!)g and Ipinning of wool, and making it into ftockings and otht-r articict), is the chief bufinel's of this vown and neigh- bourhood. A canal paffes hence by Loughborough to the river Trent. At a parliament held here, in the reign of Henry v, was made the firft law for the burning of heretics. In the meadows near the town, arc the ruins of an abbey, in which cardinal VV'olfey died. Lciccfter contained 16,953 inhabitants in ]8oi, and 23,146 in 181 1 Itisfeated on the Soar, 28 m s by e Derby, and 98 NNw London. Lon. i K w, lat. 52 38 N. Le'icejlerjhirey a county of England, bounded on the n by Nottinghamlhire, E by the counties of Lincoln and Rut- land, s by Nortbamptonfliirc, sw by Warwickfhire, and nw by Derbyrtiire. It is 38 m long and 30 broad, containing 522,240 acres; is divided into fix hun- dreds, anci 196 parifhes ; has 12 market- towns ; and fends four members to par- liament The number of inhabitants was 130,081 in 1801, and 150,419 in 18 1 1. The chief rivers are the Avon, Soar, Wreke, Anker, and Welland ; and it has fevcral canals The li)il, in general, affords great quantities of rich grazing land, and is peculiarly fitted for the culture of beans. Toward the NW, the Bardon-hills life to a great height ; and in their neighbou. hood is Charnwood foreft, now chiefly enclofed: further to the nw are valuable coal mines. The ne part fee''' a girat number of fheep; and the se put is a rich grazing UwiX. Thif county is fa- mous for its large black ho: fes and horned rattle, as well as for its fheep ; and for having bred every Ipecies of L EI domrflio qu.idrupcd to the ulmofl per fe»5tioii of form and iize. The manu- f u^ure of ftockings is the principal one in the eounty. l.d^h, a town in EfTex, on a creek at the mouth of the Thames, oppofite the \. extremity of Canvay iflaiid. It is noted for oyfters, and has a good road for (hipping. It is iV m ssE Chelms> ford, and 39 k London. Leighy a town in Lancafliire, with a marlict on Saturday. It has fevcral ma- nufactures, particularly of fine jt ns, in imitation of thofe of India. It (lands at th.-: head of the duke oi Bridgewater'g canal, 9 m nne Warrington, and 191) NW London. Lti^tr/ilin, or 0/J Leijfhiiftt a borough orTn'laiid,in thr county of Carlow, aud the lie of a biflinp united with Ferns. The cathedral ferves for the parifli church. It was formerly a city, but i» now a poor place, 9 m ssw Carlow, and 12 N »•; Kilkenny. f-eig/ilin 6ri/ige, a town of Ireland, in the county of Carlow, on the river Bar- row, 7 m 8 Carlow. Leigh ton JSuzzard, a town in Bed- fordfhire, with a market on Tuefday, feated on the Lyflel, 18 m 8 Bedford, and 41 NW London. Lei/ia, a river of Germany, which rifts in the territory of Eichfeld) above Heiligenftr.dt, and flows through Brunf- wick Luneburg, by Gottingen, Calen- berg, Hanover, and Neulladt, into the Aller. Leinfler, a province of Ireland, iia m long and 70 broad ; bounded on the K and s by St George chaniJti, w by Connaught and Munfter, and n by Ulfter. It contains the counties of Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, King, Longfurd, Lough, E Meath, Queen, W Meath, Wexford, and Wick- low. Dublin is the capital. Leipheiniy a town of Suabia, in the territory of Ulm. The vicinity pro- duces good hops. It ftands on the s bank of the Danube, 10 m n e Ulm. Leipnic, a walled town of Moravia, near the river Beczwa, 14 m ese Ol- iniitz. Leipzic, a city of Upper Saxony, in Milhia, with a famous univerlity, and a ftrong citadel called PleylTcnburg- It carries on a confiderable trade ; and has three great fairs every year, which lafl a loi might each. The principal manu- factures are filk, gold and filver fluffs, linen and cotton printing, leather, and paper. The number of inhabitants ex- ceeds 30,000 ; and the houfes, in genc^ colWgi^Bl fide the| change taken bl The Ail vuin in [noft pf r. pc maiitj- F'P'ii one J creek at |o'itc the It is |»od road -'helms- with a -ral ma- j< ns, t ftandg |water'8 |nd 19,^ [orough W, and Ferns. parifli but i» arlovv, LEI T«l, aro lofty. There arc fix handromc colK'gi'8 belonging to the univerfity, be- nd<.' the private collugc-s ; and the ex- change is a fine ftriK^ure. J.eipzic was taken by th« PruflTians in 1745 and 1756. The Audtians in 1756 befiegcd it in vain ; tht;y took it two years after, but were foon obliged to give it up. In 1 8 13, a prcat vidory wis obtained here by the allies, over th- French grand army, on the i8th of Odobcr ; during the engagement, the whole of ihe Saxon troops abandoned the French, and join- ed the allies. The next nnorning the city was taken (vith the king of Saxony and all his court) and entered at three different point.s by the emperor of Ruf- iia, the king of PrulTia, and the crown prince of Sweden. Leipzic is feated in .i. plain, on the river PlcyfTe, 60 m wn w Drefden. Lon. i; jo e, lat. 51 19 n. Leira, a ciiy of Portugal, in Eftre- madura, and a bilhop's fee, with an an- cient caftle on an eminence. In i8ii,it was fet on fire by the French, on their retreat into Spain. It is 80 m nni Lif- bon. Lon. 8 38 w, lat. 39 48 N. Lei/»nij?, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, with inanufadlures of cloth, lace, (lockings, kc. It is lijated on the Mulda, 24 m ESK Lelpzic, and 32 nw Drefden. Leitenher^:^. a town of Upper Saxony, in Tkuringia, with a caltle on a moun- tain ; feated on the .Sorbitz, 11 m sse Saalfelu. Leith, a feaport of Scotland, on the frith of Forth, 3 m n by e Edinburg, of which it is the port. It Hands at the mouth of the river Leith, which forms the harbour, and divides the town into N and S Leith, which communicate by a drawbridge. Tlie harbour is fecured by a noble ftone pier ; and it has wet and dry docks, with other conveniences for fhip- building, which is carried on to u great extent. Here are alfo ma- nufadures of ropes, canvas, carpets, glafs, flioes, leather, fbap, and candles, and feveral iron forges. There are three churches, a magnificent banking- houfe, an hofpital for difabled feamtm, and a battery for the defence of the harbour. The commerce of Leith is very confiderable ; and the veflcls em- ployed ill the London trade are, in ge- neral, of a large fize ; but the la-geft: fhips are thofe employed in the Green- land whale fifliery. To foreign parts are exported lead, glafs ware, linen, woollen (luffs, and a variety of other goods- The number of inhabitants was 15,272 injiSoi, and 2o,36j in 1811. Lon. 3 II w, lat. 55 59 n. LKTM Leitmeritz ; fee Leutmerifa. Leitomifchel ; fee Leutmifchrl. Leitrim, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaiight, 42 m h)ng and 1 5 broid ; bounded on the N by Done- gal bay, NE by Fermanagh, e by ('avan, SE by Longford, sw by Rolcominon, and w by Sligo. Il is dividid into 21 parilhrs, and li^nds two members to par- liament. It is fertile, though moinitain- ous, abounds with i'mall lak'es and rivers, has fomc iron-works, and feeds great herds of cattle. Carrick is the capital. Leitrim, a town of Ireland, from which the county has its name, and formerly a place of fome note, of which St. Liegus was biHiop. It is fe .ied on the Shannon, 4 m n Clarrick. Leixii^, a town of Ireland, in the county of Kildare, feated on theLiffey. It has a noble caftle, with large gardens, on one fide of which is a fine waterfall, called the Salm;)n leap. Near it are the ruins of the church and caltle of Confy. Leixiip is 10 m w by s Dublin. Leman, a new department of France, including the territory of Geneva. The lake of Geneva was anciently called Le- man. The chief tovvn is Geneva. Lemburg^ or Leopold, a city of Po- land, lately the capital of Red Ruflia, and now of Eafl: Galicia. It is well fortified, and defended by two citadels, one of which is on an eminence with- out the city. The cithedral, churches, an.l public buildings are magnificent ; and ttie inhabitants, eftimated at 20,000, carry on a confiderable trade. It is the fee of a Roman catholic archbifliop, and has alio an Armenian and Ruflhn bifhop. In 1672, it was befieged in vain by the Turks; but in 1704 was taken by fl:orm, by Charles xii of Sweden. It is feated on the Peitu, 90 m nw Ka- minieck, and 150 e Cracow. Lon. 24 26 E, lat. 49 51 N. Lembro, the ancient Imbros, an ifland of the Archipelago, on the coaft of Ro- mania, 22 m in circuit. It has a town of the fame name, with a harbour. Lon. 26 o E, lat. 40 25 n, Lemgoio, a town of VVeftphalia, in the county of Lippe, with fome cloth and ftufF manufactures; feated on the Beya, near the Werra, 25 ra n by vr Paderljorn. Limnos, or Stalimene, an ifland of the Archipelago, lying near the ftrait of Gallipoli. It is 15 m long and n broad, and abounds with mountains and valleys, which in fomc places are cultivated, and produce a variety of fruit. The poets made it facred to Vulcan, who was hence called Lemniu» X ^ '.' 1 LEO l».it(i-. It was alio cik'brated for its I iliyiiiilli, of wb'ch not a trace remains. Tl'f iTiotlcrn CJrtt'ks «;iitcrtain the fame opinioii ofthattinth c>f f-fmnos, .vliich is f;iid U) have curtd Pliiloc'tetes. This earth is ncvtr dug up Liit on one parti- cular day of the year, and flicn with jT'eat ecu ii',.)iiy. It is cilled Terra Si- j;ell:ita, being formed iiito fiiiall cakes ilalft! with the grand fignior's feal, and thuH difpL'rIed over various parts of Eu- rope- Lcmiio.i is fubje(it to the Tiirkii ; but the inhabitants are.ilmoft all Greekt., and very in luOrious. The capital is of the faint' name, and tin* fie of a Greek archbilbop. Lon. ^5 28 i\ lit. 403 n. Lciui, a river of Siborin, in thcgovern- iticnt ol Ivkutlk, wliieh rifrs :nthc iitoun- tains 10 the u of the Like Baikal, flows K and NE to Y.'.luitlk, where it is 5 rn \vid<', and 'ts courfc thence Is nnw to the I'lozcn oee.ui, which it enters by leveral nu)utbs. I.cfirzicx, a Itrong town of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a fort on a rock. It ftand.s in a rnorafs, on the river biura, 37 m sf. Gnefna, and i lo >r by ^v Cracow. Lon. 18 20 E, lat. 5i 10 N. LetJiam, a town iu Kent, with a mar- ket on Tuefday, feated on an eminence, at the iource of the Lcn, 10 m E Maid- ftone, and 44 ese London. Lennt/i, a tovv'n of Weftphalia, in the duchy of Herg, on a river of the fame name, 10 m kse Dufloldorf. Lennox ; fee Dunibartonjhire. Lenox, a town of MafTiichufets, chief of Bevkfhire county. It is feated on the Houfatonic, 145 m \v Bollou. Lens, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Pas de Calais, on the river Sou- chct, II m N Anas. Lentinr, a town of Sicily, in Val dl Noto. It ib a friiull remainder of the ancient Leontium, and (itu?te on the Leonardo, at the foot of a height, on the top of which Charles v built a town, called CiHentini. Lentini was greatly damaged by an earthquake in 1693. It is 15 m ssw Catania. Lentzbtirgt a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Bern, with a fortified caf- tle, and manufadlures of linen, cotton, tobacco, &c. It is 10 m w by s Baden, and 40 N E Bern. Lentzen, a town of Brandenburg, in the mark of Pregnitz, near the Elbe, 14 m w Perleberg. Leo, St, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, on a mountain, near the river Marrechia, 15 m nw Urbino. Leoben, a town of Germany, in Stiria, fuuate on the Muer, 20 m nw Gratz. f.EO Lecbfchux, a town of Silefia, in the principality of Jagendorf, wiih a trade in corn and yarn, 10 m nn e .lagcndcrf. Leogantt a fortified town, with a fort and a good road, on the n I'.dc of the ■ peninfula of St. Domingo. The chief c::port8 are fugar, coflee, cotton, and indigo. It was taken by the Engliih and the French royalilts, in 1794, but reta- ken by the republicans faon after; and it was unl'ucctrbfiilly attacked by the J'.nglifli iti 1796. Lon. 7a 3a w, lat. i8 34 V. Lrominjler, a borough iu Hereford- fhire. with a market on Friday, and a trade in gloves, hats, and leather. The church is fpacious, and has a beautiful altar-piece by Rubens. Here are alfo Lveral metting-houfcs, and two free- fchools, one of them endowed by queen Maiy. his leated on the Lug, 25 m w by N Worceftcr, and 1,^7 v.'Nw London. Leominjhrt a t(jwu of Maiiachufeti, in Worcefter county, with a n.anufac- turc of combs, 19 m N Worcclter, and 46 WNW Bofton. Lion, a fertile province of Spain, for- merly a kingdom, bounded on the n by Afturias, w by Calicia and Portugal, s by Eftrcmadura, and e by Old Caftile. It is 1 25 m long and loo bioad, and di- vided into almoft two equal parts by the river Douro. Leon, a city of Spain, capital of the province of that name, and a bifhop's fee. It was formerly riche" and more populous than at preient ; for the cloth manufadlures arc on the decline, and the inhabitants do not exceed 15,000- Here are 13 churches and nine convents ; and the cathedral is admired for its ele- gant lightnefs. It is feated in a fertile diftrift, between two lources of the river Efra, 50 m SE Ovicdo, and 165 n by w Madrid. Lon. 538 v/, lat- 42 36 n. Leon, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, almoft furrounded by the fea and the river Santi Petri, whencejit isfometimes called the Ille of Leon. The inhabit- ants are upward of 40,000; but from its extent, including St. Carlos on the N, capable of holding double that num- ber. The quantity of fait colle m sw F,tr/ana. Leiida, a llroir; city of Spain, in Cutalonia, and a liifliop's fee, with 3 univetfity. On a hill dole lc> rlie town are the rnin-j ofva calllc, formerly a place of great (Ircnuth. Tlii,'. place de- clared for Cluuh'3 III, after the reduc- tion of B,.rc loiM, in 1/05, but it wai letahen by the duke of tJrlcans in 1707, .nliei the hittle of Ahnanz,i. It is iVated in a fertil'' plain, on the ;iver Sej^ra, 8» nj w Barcelona, ;ind ico Nw -Madrid. Lon. o 3^ K, lat. 41 3i nt. Lerit:s, a name given to two iflands the Mediterranean, on the coc«lt of Trance, 5 m from Antibes. That near- elt tlie coaft, called St. Minj;arct, was taken by the Englith in 1746, but re- taken ii; ;747. The otlu'r is called St. Ilonorat,aiid has a Benedictine :ibbcy. Lenmi, a town of Spain, in Old Caf- tile, with a palace, feated on the Ar- lan/A, 43 m s Burgos. Lcrna, or MiUs, a town of European Tuikty, in Morea, at the nw extremity of the }u»lf of Napoli. It was the an- cient Lcrna, and though now a fmall place, is the port of Tripolizza, and corn, wool, iirc.are hence expovted. A little to the s i-J the celebrated lake of Lerna. The town Hands at the foot of a mountain, on which is a fortrefs, 8 m ssw Argos, and 24 ene Tripolixza. Lernica, a town of Cyprus, formerly a large city, as appears from the ruins. It is fituate on the s coaO: of the ifland, where there is a good roail, and a fmall fort for its defence, 30 m sw Famagufla. Leroi anciently Leria, an ifland of the Archipelago, lying 8 m se Patmos. Lerwick, A town of Scotland, capital of the Shetland iflands, fituate on the e fide of Mainland, the principid ifliind, on the fpacious harbour called Braflfa fo'ind. It is the rendezvous of the fifliing bufifes, and veflRils employed in the various fitheries. Here are manu- fafturcs of Itockings, bed rugs, and platting flraw. At the n end of the town is Fort Charlotte, which com- mands the N entrance to BvaiTu fuuiut- Lon. o 56 w, lat. 60 la n. (Vr i 'I ,il T F.S T.rfcar^ a town (if' I'lanri", in tlir »l^- partuu'iit ot Liwn Pyrcnicn, ami laNly a hifhop'H fee ; iV-iiivd on a hill, ,] m Nvv Phi!, and 42 SR njyniii>c, Lejgtiis, one of the iVvcn C.ntcAfian p.itio'^, h"t\v"fn the B!.i«:k (i i and the C'l ni't'i. "I'ticir coiin'-y is iinliffcrpiitly r.il.tcl Lrljvi'ft.'n aim D.igr.. It is boniulfd on the K iind 8 l»y P r|i^ aiid t*n' Ciilpian, su ;ind w i>y r.for^i.i, tlie O/ll, and the KiRi, «•.(! .\ bv tl"' KiUi and Tair.n- tribiM. It i; i'i./idfd into a variety of diftric'ts, gfi cr.iily in l«!prndcnt,and g()v«*rii«d by cliiiffl cl'-.^ted liy thr people. The I-cl- giiis ;irc fnnpol'ed to be dofo'nded from thr liib('t)fmoimtaincc'is, known to .111- rient peo?n;>htr3 under the name of Le(i'a; orLigycs. The ftr ngth of their country, v hich is a region of mnnntains, whole p- fli'3 are known only to ihem- felvf's, h.is probably, at oil times, fc- curfd thrni froin foreign invafion. Thv.'y fubfifl by raifing cattle, and by preda- tory expeditions into the countries of their more wealthy neighbo\irs. fn their perfonp and drefr^, and gontral habits of life, as far as' thefe are known to ti3, they greatly refemblethe Circairians. Lefina, an ill and in the gulf of Ve- nice, on the coaft of Daimatin, 48 m long and 8 broad. It contains great quantities of different kinds of marble. The principal produdlions are wine, oil, figs, ulmondfi, oranges, faflfron, aloes, honey, and wool; but falt-fifn is the chief article of commerce. The capital is of the ihme name, and has a good harbour, 20 m s Spalatro. Lon. 16 ao 1, Int. 4.1 }:^ N. Le/ina, a town of Naples, in Capl- tanata, on a lake of the fame name, 26 m Nw Manfredonia. Lejieard, a borough in Cornwall, go- Tcrned by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It had formerly a caftle, now in ruins, is one of the coinage towns for tin, and has manufactures of leather and yarn. It is 31 m enk Truro, and 245 w by s London. Lon. 4 42 w, lat. 50 27 N. Lejko, a town of Poland, in the pala- tinate of Lemberg, 68 m »w Lemberg. Lefneven, a town of France, in the department of Finifterre, 10 m n Lan- deniau, and 13 NKBreft- Lefparrct a town of France, in the department o*^ Gironde, near which are found tranfparent pebbles, known by the name of Medoc Itones. It is 40 m KNw Hourdeaux. Leffines, a town of the Netherlands, ia Uaanault, famous for its linen manu- LF V fa.ti.re; fcated on the Dendcr, af m «W HrnlirlN. I'ljiwitliiel, a borough In Cornwall, p.)ytrned by a mayor, with a market on Friday. It was anciently the capital of the county, and the county members wre dill e|e(itt d here. It is feated on the Fnwey, which was lorncriy navi^'dble to the town, but the channel is now (topped up. Here is a woollen manu- fiidture; and it i i one of the tin coinage towns. Near it, o!i tin- edge of a hill, is Leftormel cnftle, formerly the refuience of the duke* of Cornwall. I.eftwithiel is 2» m NR Truro, and 236 w by a London. fjfttfrf, a town of Naples, in Princi- pato Citra, at the foot of a mountain, 1 2 m NW Salerno. Li-tterkami/t a town of Ireland, in the coimty of Donegal, on tho livcr Swilly, 14 m NW Lifford. Levant- This word properly figni- fies Daft; hut it is generally ufcd, when fpeaking of trade, for Turkey in Afm \ com- prehending Natolia, Syria, ti. • iflands of Cyprus, Candia, &c. »'l'he Lei'nnt Sea means the F. part of the Mediter- ranean Sea. Leubtts, a town of Silefiuj rn the prin- cipality of Wolau, with a celebrated Ciftertian abbey ; fcated on the Oder^ 10 m s\v Wolau. [.eucate, a town of France, in the de- partment of Audc, fituate near the Me- diterranean, on the N fide of a lake of its name, 18 m s Narbonne. Leitcht or Leuk,A town of Swiflerland, in Valais, much frcqaented on account of its hot mineral fprings. It is feated on an eminence, near the Rhone, 75 m Ksi Sion. Leuchtenbnr^, a town of the pala- tinate of Bavaria, in a landgravatc of the fame name ; feated on a mountain, near the river Pfrcimbt, 38 m nnb Ra- tifbon. Lon. 12 18 k, I.at. 4935 n. Levek ; fee Ciumhodia. Leven, a river in Lancafhire, which i/Tucs from the s extremity of Winder- mcre-water, and flows into Morecambe bay. Leven, a river of Scotland, in Dum- bartonlhire, which ilTues from Loch Lomond, and enters the elluary of the Clyde, below Dumbarton. Leven, a river of Scotland, which rifes in the county of Kinrofs, flows by the town of that name and through Loch Leven, and crofles Fifefhire to the town of Leven, where it enters Largo bay. Leven, a town of Scotland, in Fifc- fhire, with a good harbour, and fome nvalf, ■ et on tal (.r n fli»; ,'«hle lanu- inage '", is icnce ithiel ;y 3 inci- '} 12 the LK W (Itare in the roallirig aiul UaUii" trade. It ItitKis on iltc w itdc ol L trgo bay, at ttif iiillirc of the river Li'vi'ii, lo in nu Kirkci'ily. /.fVfii, Loch, an arm of the fea, i.i Scotland 81.T Li/i'iff. l>och Lfvtii, l.oclit 'i l end is fcparated from N Uilt by the "^ound of Hairis, 9 m long and nearly the fame broad, in wiv • .1. ' .ny rocks and ifletb This idand id greatly iiiteileiftcd by arms of the lea, by which it may bf laid lo be divided into five peninfuias. The fouliiern put, which is connected by a mountainous iftlunns (}f u m, is called Han is, and politically belongs lo the county of Invernefs ; but the northern and principal part is attached to the Letitm'tfchel, or Leitomifcliel, a town county of Rofs. The counlry, in go of Bohemia, in the circle of Chrudim, with a caftle on a moilntain, 20 n^ ese Chrudim. Leutfclh a town of Germany, in Car- niola, 8 m ssE Idria. Lcivarden, a ftrong town of HoILnd, capital of Friefland. The buildings, as well public as private, are magnificent. It has feve.al canals in the ftrects, which are a great afliilance to its trade ; they being continued to the fi-a, and to the moft confiderable towns in the province. It is feated on the river Ee, 31 m w Groningen. Lon. 5 48 i;, lat. 5,^ 13 N. Lenvenztt a town of Upper Hungary, in the county of Gran ; feated on a river of the fame name, where the Turks were defeated in 1664. It is 25 m kk Gvan. Lewes, a borough in Sulfex, with a market on Saturday. It contains four parilli churches; and adjoining are the villages of Southover and Cliff, each with a parifh church. The latter place is parted from Lewes by the river Oufe, neral, h wild, bleak, nearly barren of wood, and liLtle fitted for cultivation : the hills are ccivcred -.vith heath, which afibi ds flielter tor various forts of game. The crops are oats, bigg, and potatoes; and there are many beeves ai.d Iheep. The lakes and dreams aboiund with falmon, large red trout, 8:c. and the w coaft is annually vifited by millions of herrings. The dock:; nf aquatic birds are prodigious and Various ; and great quantities of lea>weed are caft alhore, of which abundance of kelp is made. The number of inhabitants is cilimatcd at 17,000. There are feveral fmall vil- lages, but Stornaway is the only town. The promontory at the n cxiremity of the idand is called the Butt of Lewis. Lon. 6 32 E, lat. 58 34 .v. Lfiuijl'urg, a town of Pennlylvania, in Northumberland county, on the w branch of the Sufquehana, 17 m nnw Northumberland. Leavijbtir^, a town of Virginia, chief of Greenbrier county. It ftands on the i- • ii ■H I ^ 1, 'f'f,( '^ Vt, I " III ¥ ': i ii rcth.i ..') oC two •'.) tn-oio. \i Itituls on the Jiiniatt.i, al thtr nflux of tht' CiflK'Cixjuiliis 1* ni r. nk liuntinj;- don,«nd i.o wswi Pliiladclphia. Lon. 77 ,!j6 w, lit. 40 .^6 N. Lfxhh;taH, a .f)\va of Kentucky, cliicf of r.iyi'ttc county, uinl tbnncrly tlu; c.ipital of the ftatt . If, has four ciUfia's for pnhlii: worlhip, a idiivcrfitv, and a lar;»c court-lu)ii(c The trade is conli- rlrraMi'. Nt-ar this Utwn arc to he (ct-ri curious fopulchrrs. fuMof hiuuan lc- toiiii, which arc fabrioaud in a method tot.illy dirtVuMit from that now prac- tiIoui;licd up near Ltxingtou ; a niaau- ailure with which the Indians wifrc rover ac(ni,iintf.d. Thtfc, vvith the for- tific.itioiiy .iiid the fepulchvcs, have been iirt,'ctl as an arguimnt, that this coiuilry was fornu'riy inhabited by a pcopU; further advanced in the arts of life than tl)(> |)reft'nt Indiaiit,. T,txingtou Itand.". in a fine trad of country, on the head waters of Elkhorn river, 24 m ksk I'Vankfort, the prefent capital. Lon. 84 ■i,; w, lat. ^7 54 N. Le.xinfflont a town of Virginia, chief of Rockbridge county. It ftands near the N branch of James river, 120 m w by N Richmond- Lon. 79 50 w, lat. 37 55 f T^expit^turit a town of MaflTachufels, in Middli ftx county, where hoililities comnuMiced between the Britilli troopu and the .\mericaus, in 1775. Ilia 10 in NW Boftou. Ldjdcn, a city of S Holland, on the ancient bed of the Rhine, wliich here alninft expires in a number of imall channels. It is furrounded by a brick wall, with eight gates ; and is famous for the long liege it fuftained in 1574, apaiiifl the Spaniards, during which 60C0 inhabitants died of t'ainine and peflilencc In honour of this iicge a univcifily was founded in 1575, cele- brated for its colleges, medicinal gar- den, anatomical theatre, obfervatory, and library. The principal church is a fuperb ftru(5ture; and the old caftle, townhoufc, cuftomhoufe, and houfe for orphans, de(ei ve notice. Here are ma- nufatStures of cloth, forge, and cambric ; L IB and ihc vicinity produci'icucellfut but- ttr .iOil chcefc. It P.aiidi on i;r) Ulaiuli, and hart 141 bridges, the grt.aeft part biiili of frc^-llone. The inliabitan'r, ;,ic tn:mted at 50,00a. In i«o7, Ihtr unlver- fity wa» almdft deftioycd, by the cataf- tropheofavellcl loadeil withgniipowdt r blowing up ai< it palled. Lcydeu ii 4 m K tif the Oermaii ocean, and i,\ s\v AmUerdaiii. Lon. 4 18 k, lat. 51 8 k. /.r///"j, a town of Bohemia, in tin; circle of Lcutmerit/, feaietl i>n the I'u- bicts, %\ m i.NB Leiitmeritz. I'tyuxy one of the I'hilippine idandg, about 40 leagues long and 9.; in circuit. The foil, on the 1 fide, is very fertile ; tnit there arc high mount. lins that inter- fed it nearly ill the middle from t. to w, and occalion Inch an alteration in the climate, that when the inhabitants of one part of the ifland reap, the others fow ; and they have two pleiitii'ul har- vclU in the year, to which the rivera dci'cending ii mu the mountains not a little coutiibute. 1 he illand contains 9;. 00 iidiabitants, who pay tribute to tlu: Spaniard'!, in rice, wax, and (luilts. It ha", a town of the fame name, on the n coiifl. Lou. 124 i6 r, lat. ji :o n. iuiimoHft a new department of France, including the .s part of Corfica. Ic has its name from a river which runa into the biy of Sagona, 8 m n of AjaC' cio, the chief-town. Liam-po ; lee yinjirpo. I'UaHiiSt mountains of Turkey in Alia, betv/eeu Syria and Palelline, ex- tending from the Mediterranean lea as far as Arabia. The liimmits of thefc mountains are always covered witb friuvv ; but below are very fruitful val- leys. They were formerly famous for cedar-trees ; but now icarcely .my re- main. Geographers diftinguilh them into Libanus and Anti-Libanus : the latter ri^ijd on the s fide of the valley, near the ruins, of Sidon, and termi- nates at others in .Arabia, in lat. .^34. They are feparated from each other at iin equal di fiance throughout, and form a country, called by the ancients Ccclo- fyria. Libutta, a town of Cuinea, in the country of Gabon, near the mouth of a riverof the fatne name, izomNW Seite. Lon. 8 54 Ii, lat. 58 .><. f.ibdti, a town of Courland, on the Baltic, with a harbour for fmall fliips. The chief articles of commerce are hemp and linfeed. It is feated on a peninfula, 50 m N Memel, and 80 w Mittau. Lon. 21 25 e, lat. 56 30 n. Libert ij, a town of Kentucky, in Ma- fon comity, with a ihip-yard, feated ot> yy^f Ohio, it . ni fi ^ »• «'' l.ib.rtih-^ \\ ^U)\■^ v'-'i lS\w I oudo f.tUfi 1.'/' chief "f <'" \^'^^\ o\ &l'i» ami I '■•*'■' U17. ". mH tlie U^X ttor licuh'v»nii;i H( .p lide ol Lib')'ir>!f Jrp.ir'nu-il tifthe nl.r KN*. Doi.rd l.hh, ■ ravia wi'h ter, it 'n a m.aikt't o in acoual^ Coventry has tbie' cithedial, and walled ^)i'r of ini and 5021 biilhpbice raries, San rick. It is river, will Trent, 14 London. Liclijicli chief o! a is fituate ( H.irtford, 73 ^^ '•^» lAchlUt Swiflirlai kated or Lichiei tbi: prin( Paderlu)! l/ic/ite Lower I lAchtt the tcrt fortrefs and 17 ! Liclit deparin in the Deux I L'lch the pi neighbi quarric per am nitz, I Lid ('"'•lit l.llt- '•'ft part ''•linjvir- It'ic cataf. I'ipovvdcf jtyiJai in I'xi J {.Sty U 8 N-. ■>• ill tin: tho I»u, : i'l.in(f8, I" eircuif. fertile ; 'it inter- I ••• to w, I in the t.irits of <• others I'liI har- <• rivcrj IS not a, ^'untains ic to tll<; ills. It *i) tlie V v. cut of Corfica. ch rung 1' Ajac- key in tif, tx- I iVa .IS f tlid'c I with III val- 'US for II y re- tiicm : the 'alley, crnii- lu- at form "(Elo- I the of a cite. the lips. are II a 3 w ila- on M C llir Ohio, » nvli- ;ihove LiTicftnnf, uriil J m f'M. «>i' tlir »o\v»i «it W'^ih ri>r»of'. /./i. A-.'//, a M)wii yf Vir»{inij, ihii-f at i\ ilfor I I'liinty. li ii ij m w by n N»w I.oiiklon. ^.iijf:l_ii, If'/f, a town of Virnini;i, cl.itf •»f b.iiv) ci iinty If lUii(U;it rhi- Iicail ot &liuti ct<-(k, 6 m from i!ir Ohio, ami 1/ sw Ptifbiirg. l.il)o town of ('crmany, in W»tte. ravia with a caft'e. feated on tlic *\ ti- ter, ii »n «J Frini. foit. iJi/i/ieU, a city in Start"< nK'.ire. with a mailci't on Tue'd y .i i-t Jatorday It is a rou.)ty of iiulf, and united with Coventry Kirnv an pplt'cnpal fee It has thur: pariOi clunci.«'s, befiil«? thf cathedral, wli'ch is a lie.nifl'.d itrnctinc, and walled in like a cnitle. The uum- her of inhahitiints was 4';i: in iXjr, anil 502J in i8ii. LichHekl is the birthplace of two celcbratcit cotetnpo- raricb, Samuel Johuloii am' Divid Gar- rick. It isfrated on l{. /■ii-fitin/lri;^, a town of Swiirerlamf, capilil ol the coiin'y of 'I'oclifiibiirg. Ii >< le.it, d on » :i' T'lnr, 27 m imk Zii-iih. L in 9 5 I., 1 1' 47 16 N. LiihifHjl.hi, .^ i(»« II of Upper Six- oiy, III M.i'iiM, w;iii .1 ciftle on a moun« t.iiii, 6 ni < I Zwck.«ii I •icljtu'voni, a Umh iitid cadle of IIiiMid. Ill Gcldcriftiid, 17 m i.sk Xiitphi II. I.icolii, a 1 ikf of Nipl' ■•. nrar Rila, formeily famnusf >r eh ur fwlies ; but* III i.f,.?H, iiM iailh(|ii 1 xC enaii|,'il o .y pari ot it into a niouck. It was one" a l)oiou},'h, with a ci/:_^, a town of Sweden, in W Gothland, on tli- s jidfi of the lake Weiini r, at tl.e mlluxof the la>!a, ij m Nvv Sli;tiM, ami 611 Ni; Colhubiirp. t.Uheitivald, a town of Urandmburg, in the iMidilie mark, near which the Fi- noi.v canal bij^ins, t'lat unites the riveri Oder, Finow, and Havel. It is feated on the Havel, 15 m n Ikilin. J.iel/ffiivcrdii, a town oi' the duchy of Saxony, wiih a callle, feated on the Eiltor, 24 n\ NNW Drefden. L'ubinzfll, a town of Su ibia, in tin; ,. ■nl 1. 1 R Namur, ntul Di iK^nt. It It frttile in corn itxl fruit, h.«a inineR of iiuii, IcAtl. •nd cn»\, Am\ qii«rrir»i)f m.uhlc Th« .)tili<»p »,M one ol" fh«? moft rnnndcra* bU rcclrn.idicil princei of Orrmany, and hi* I' rritnry dfi'mcd a p.irt n( the ciit-lr of Welh)h.ilj,i. Hut on the lnh- jiiKition of th«' Nelhi-iUndd by the French, and in thf frw diviflnn of that country, thin tentltny fornin .1 p;4it of the df p^irtmrnts of Ourthe .uid Lower M<"u(f. Liejft, ft rtrong oily, lately ih' capii.il of th«' bi(hi>prrc of Ihat n^mc, ;nul now lhecMpit;d of tlu' di'p.ii'tii)< titot Onrthi*. llvrc tlic riv«r Mcuff in tliviJtd into thrr**' branchrH,.ind .iftii p.ifTing through the ciiy, und«r frvcnl bridge*, mute »gMv. Lii*gL' is 4 n^i in circuit, uid h i» 16 g.itfs i it Imh iiiCo 10 Urgi" (iibiiiliN, in w hich and the city are a gri'.it nunw ber of chiirthrs and reli|,'ioui huiiCci, The m.iKiiifi -eiit cathedral contains many relics ; and the <»ther pu!)lic ftriic- turci are thf caftle, the palace, the cotincilhoufc, the townhoufe. nnd ilir arftn^l : here isalfo a famous uiiivcility, and a convent of nuns. At this place Is made a great quantity of fiic-armii, and nailo, aifo cloth, leithcr, glat's, 6ic. Liege was delivtred up to the I'rench in 1701 ; the alliea retook it in 1701; and the Fr- nch befit'ged it again in J 705, but abandoned th»* fv^f, on the approach of the duke of Mirlborou^h. In 1714, a fire happfied hci . , which confumrd the bifliop'a palace, with all the furniture and writinga. In 1792, the Frt-iich took this city ; they were driven thence in 1703, but entered it again, afier a fhort rifiltanci , in 1794. Lifge is 60 in wsw Cologne, l.on. 5 35 i', i'«t. 50 38 N. LifOii kieou, or Leoo keoo^ the general name of 36 illands in the (-'hina fea, lyini; between Formofa and Japan, which form a kin(.'dom. The itihabit- ants are civilizi d, and of a mild, may, aflable, and tcmperaie diCpofuion. E tch ifland has a particular name; the prin- cipal one, cilk'd L'eou kicou, is 126 m Jong and a8 broad, but the others are inconliderable. The chief produi'U are fulphur, copper, tin, coral, mother- of-pearl, tortoiie and other Ihclls, and wlietftones, which are in great requeJt both in China and Jap;in, as arc alii) the vefTels that are built in this country. The king is tributary to China. Kin- fr.hing, in the se part of" the principal iflard, is the capital- L'teoutcheou, a city of China, of the firfl rank, in the province of Quang- ton^. \U territories border on the LIG kingdom of Tonquln, front wbieh it \* ifparated by iniccefljhle mountains. It ii ItMtrd on the Lienkijng. which f(Hini 4 CDiivenicitt lurhour for karki, \iS ^ ^'*^ Canton. L«in lol 40 K| ).t ihf i«ir( luiDC' The Dutch h ivc .1 factory hcic for tin. rice, ^tul prpprr It ii iV^t'd on th« Ni c- "til, 150 Ml M Quvna. Lon 09 1.5 "1 l'«t H »o N. Lijfiwi/, • town ot Fr.incc, in the tli- piiliiutit oi liidrr and LoiiCi aj m riiK l.ilitnthal, a town «»f f <)wcr "^axrHiy, in tnr duchy ot Hirnic 1, on the livcr W.trpi 10 ni NNi Bietnrn /.////, a ftriin^ city ot I'lanci*. in thr Ht-pirtiicm of Noid, .iiul (MIC uf th<* ni' ft ci)mm«'ici.»l towin in l'r,ini.v The iMii.ihiiaiitH '(re ».(j iiputcd to !)«• 60,000. lu ci'ftdi-l ii fuppolt c thi Aruiix' ft i I I uKipc, next ti) that o Tiirii.. The ilnits i'mI (qii^rcH arc tilorMnl with nnlile biiih)lii){M, piiticiilatly ihc Grrat Squire And the Lntlc Square} and iwm^x thf public ikriiitiim jh- tlic < x- ili.inKc, a inagHziuf of v.\(l > ttciit, ..lul .i^jiiiril hoCpilu ILrc ate luanut ic- tiircH of all Ibrts ; but tlic principal liMtle in in camlet-*. Lil'f "Hs taken by the allien, aftrr tlir< lif^rc, in 1708 ; hill was rcftond by the treaty of Utrecht, ill 171.^, in coiid It t.'itioii ot the drmolilioii ol the furt ficationn of Dun- kirk. In /79». it riillaini'd a lev(n* bomlMrdmciit from ihe Aulhims. It ifi feated in a rii'li and marihy (oil, on th»' Dcult', 1 1 m w Touruiy, and ijo N Puis- I/Oii. t 4 E, lat 50 '. Litlrrs, R town of f t met?, in the de- partment of Fas de Calais, fcateil on the Navcz, 17 m N w Arrun I.illot a fort of tho Ncihtrlands, in Brabant, on the E iide of the Scheldt, g m NNW Antwerp. It was taken, in 179 '1 by the I'ldich. who foon after evacuated it; but ihi y lotook it in 1794- I.itna, the principal audience of Peru ; bounded 011 the n by the aiidu iice of Quito, E by tht; Andes, >> by tin; audi- ence of Cbarcas, and w by the I'acific ocean- Lima, the capital of Peru, ;uul an archbifJiop's fee. with a uiiivtility. in ij,14, Pi/arro, maichinp tlitoui^h the country, was Itruck with the lieauty of the extcnfive valley of Riinac ; and there, on a river i)f iht fanu- name, at the diftance of 6 m from Callao, he founded a city, and gave it the name of Ciudad dc los Ueyes, or City of the Kings. ThisSpaniih name it retains in all legal deeds, but is better known to foreigners by that of LiRki, a corruption •f the appellation of (h« valley in which LIM it ftandi. I,im4 it of .1 trUnp(ular form, and ftirrouniltti by u hnck will, (lankrd wiMi t).illii(iiii, in \«hich art A vrn uatri, Tht bale, orlon^tit nt*c. lAti'tid-i 1 ni .iloMK ti.e bank ol h>- river, and fri>iu Ihr Uitv to ihr oppohic jui^lf It It A mile 41 d thi'i- (|iiiiti>.<. Ihi* ftn-eit arc handfonif aial llraiuht the huiilica are K ncrally o»ly one il^n y high, and the roots CUV. ml with conic linen cl th, or i/idy with leedn, fur it f ld«)m rain* ht-re J I, III tlic- rich iiiliabit.ihtH cover Hum- with Inn miti, or beautiful col. ton clotliN i aiM* ihiie arc tret » pUnttd round f t'»-tii to ke- p oH tin- h at ot tht fun. Wfi.it thf hiiuft'i w.ii.t in hci((ht ihcyh.ive in extent, lor fume of them are ioo ftti long and pupor ioiiabljf broad, lu that th y have 10 or la large ;ipart'iicntK Dii the griuini floor. I'hc chufihet and ) moU of the houlc^, and lerve to water the garden.-., &c. l.imi it the ^'Ciier.il il.iple of I'tru ; for all the proviiicct remit hither tlieir prudutftii and inanut'at^tures and are liippiieii hence with the nccenaiy commoditicji. The W(.altli of the provincet ib princi* pilly embarked on the lleet, which, at the time of thegali) on8,lailH from Callao (the port of I^iuia) to Panama; but it» coniinervf with tlicothtr parti of N and S America is vuy connder.ii)le. E irth- quakes arefre(|iieiit,and lonie have done the city muchd.tmage; pailicularly that in 1746, by which ChII.k) was deftroyed. The iiihaliitaiitH, eftiniated at 54,000, aie rich and very debauched ; yet are extrmiely fuperltitious. and have a ftroiij,' bt lict ill the power of charms. Lima is 850 m s by i. Quito. Lon. 76 49 w. lat. Ii i .s. Limale, a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, fcated on the Dylc. ij m »K Brnmis. l.ima'vndy ; fee i^Vw/o<:f« Limavady- lAmburg, a late duchy and province of the iSetherlaiuU, 42 m long ai d 30 broad ; bounded t>n th" N by the duchy t»f Jidiers. fc by the fame and the terri- tory of Trev.s, and s and w by the territory of Lioge. It has good arable groiind, abounds in a fine breed of cat- tle, and contains miiif^s of iron :>nd lead. The N part of it belonged to tUe Dutch, and the a to the boufe of Auf- aD a y . t '■ " n :f'f !< ' : I I. I M LI S Iriu I lut thf %li'A to WillUm w.ii uhligcd lu rall>' Ihc firff Fr (tiif . i|,f N part liuludiU m Ihr df »>/ lhi» clfy In lAi) > ( but, in iftni, th( p4rtnu-nt of I.MVfcr Mcul«i ami ihr * in iiaitirnri iiirniuicrrit un .1 very huiiot ih«ii>r oiiKh >ir CHpiluUlion. I* li 4A nt »«». Ci^l. i* i.l-»kt»jj[,.\ town of the Ni'thrrUniU, WNy, itiul iia «*»w Diittlm. Lnn. I • ipit'tl 01 tlie litcilniliy ol ili.«t lunici w, Ut ia %$ N. uiili iiollir hiiilt ol' iinrhlr. Ilt-ri* i» i.tmfjhne, ur MiiyfvilU% ■ tt)wn of iiuntit'a^urr ut woollto clothtt ^nA KiMtiuky, in M4I011 c-oiiiity, on tht U ii« f;iiitnu« f«)r cx(*<-l!i->it olk'ctV. Ncir rivrr Ohio, at the inilnx ot t i* AK mjiiy qiiiiMJi ot dirtcrint kiiuli crn k I'hii in a tudinK pl.ic of marhic, •nul ^\.u^^ itttni.-( of caianilne and Cf>al> Limhui>; w.i» iAk«n l»y the alitfiiin i;o,^ .in%rrc «ltltri)>i'i». Th<* Innch l*<(*lc polt<||i \.\K\iiv. l.on if, .1 towa of (ittmiiny, in llio tTritt'ry ot 'I'ti'vc*, witli a Tinc L'.ithr* ciral. 'I'tii Aiiih ill!- dctiMtrtI tin' French on I he lifijjlits iit.ir thin pi ic, in I79'<- It i4 fratcil on tho Liihn, t6 m f>\v Fr.mrfiirt. I.hiirkihu, a town of Scotl.nu!, in Fifilhirr. on tlu- ct)iU of ihi- I'onli. It in lanioiH for ^timi liinc-vvoiks, liat a ?;o il title h irlunir lor fniall vcini", ai>d • ,4 m kw DdnliTinlin. Limer'uk^ a coiiiity 4»f I'danil In the provinrr of Mnnihi, 4K in l>iii^' iiul aj hroad ; iHiiii'diil i>ii tlic n hy Tip- !)ernry and t-larc, fn)m which l.iik it in irparatcd by theSH mn<»n, w hy Kt rry, ■ hy Curk, and t liy Tip'^fary. It ik flividrdinto 1 2i;piril!ic!i, contains ;il)()iit 170,0-0 inhahitiititH, and iendt ihtt-c niemh-n to parliament. It i» a ftriilc country, tlioiigh tho w pattiarc moun- tainuux. Limtrickt a city of Ireland, capital of thr coiinfy of Limorick, and |(tiu rally conlidercd as the capital of the pro- vince of MunrttT. It was formcily wi'll forlitifd, and reckoned the ficond city in the kingdom, but at preiont has lolt itH rank ; not bec.infe it flourilheii Iffd, but bccanfe Cork fluurilheH muiv. Limerick is a county of itfclf, and n bilhop's fie with Ardfert and A^hadoe uniteil It is compoii'd of the Irilh aiid Englilh town ; the latter Itandjng on KingH illand. formed by the river Shan, iioii, which here admits velFels of 500 tons to the quays ; and the two towns arc united by a Itatcly bridge. The inhabitants are cftimattd at upward of 40,000 ; and it lends a mimber to par- liamcnt. The linen, woollen, and pa- per manufadures .ire carried on to a >?reat extent ; and the expoit of provi- lions is coiifiderable. iiclide the ca- thedral and other churches, here are fs/mc handfome public Itrudures. King here the champaign country on the calt. cm fUlr of Ihf rivrr hr^\\\; It ti 7 m » hy f. of the town of Wilhington, ;o ni IrAiikfort, and 500 by the river Ulow Fittlbiirg. I.011 til 2H w, Ut. ^H jjh. Limntii, a towii of France, in the dc. fartiiH-iit of DordoKiir, 011 the rivet )oidiiKne, » j m •> PtrlKUeiix. limmnt,i\t^yr of SwilUilaiid, form- ed liy the Junction ol the Mat and the Lniih \ the foniicr iH'iiinfi Irom the Nw rxtremiiy »»t the lake Wallenlt.idt, «r.d the latit r riowiiii; from the s. The I.immat IKiwn nw, pilltii tiiroit(,'h the lake of Zurich, and uiiitei with the Aar, below H.idcn. l.imnt, or l.imftne^ « village in Kent, ,1 ni itw ilnhe It wn fornutly a port, till choked up hy the f iiuIh, anil ill callle il now coiiven< d intii alarnihoufc. l'lHiiir:h now a poor pi. ice, it has the hi'iii anJ ni.ici , uml otln r tokeiin left of ilk aiu'itn' ^raiuUui. The ilmnan road fro n Canterbury, called Stanelirtet, en I'd heif. l.itnov(rit a city of France, capital of ihc department of Upiir Vii line, and a biiliop'b Ice. It ik a triulim^ place, and the inhahit^nU are iHiinated at ao.cioo. 1 1 llandu on the Vieniie, jo im ut. IVri^'ueux, and 1 to K Uuurdeaux. Loii. I 26 I., lat' 45 50 N, J.hnojin, u late province of France, boiiihicd on the n by Marche, s by Auvergne, H by Qnercy, and w by Perik(ord and Angonnioii'. It has fo> iclla of cheltnut trecH, ntini'S of lead, copper, tin, and iron, and aboundH in cattle and hoifts. It now forms the department of Upper Vieinie. Limaux, a town of France, in thede* partment of Aude, with a inanuiadtnrc of cloth ; feated on the Au»< ''" aividr* Info thi. merly 30 '^"":' y^W the cath. fee. th< '*'f '^" ; numher ol Ini I Hot. *"«* *"'" t|,jlft'«"«'' •'" ' il admired for t,.v'f.i»e. The vrner.U>V plec* ruin* "f rrlijiin „in. th.it the V. |,„i!i with .ucl Siwp •»> f''»l' llill (fm.vns \ rtmn »nn «>» U »hit.>ii'. l',»' jjaK-, wa^ (oii^; l«f' n the pi ami kinn Sup tvat di f« ated 1 colli in \ C"nn' mayiir '''"•' hi n.'ht by t and oite ^nd jht W'tham l.u*^ire of c I'l liiich.im, a' d j^ w, Ut. *,.\ l.iueohijhir. h.uiintcd on wl icU I'lvuld ilie C'orinan and NorioUt, Norlhampl'i and w by tlu Nottingham, broad, en*;' divided into rilhe'' ; ha^ towns ; and liamcnt. I vras aoO,55l i8ii llic tci- m ly be \ forelt. w 11 ofiiy. The | brr. Trent, colm. Thie diftrias, cal I and ley. «p part, cc fome in a H drains and \vay8, and undations 1 their nitiv titiefl of re vcfttd for form excel even yield giovr^ qua ['• '" 'ft'.' I. tl,( ' "try honiir^. Mm. i.nn H^, '//a ■ town of ■•'U'lty, on ih, « of timifton, "K pl-Ur i Mnj 'try on the „j,. '1. Itl»7in, pJimgton, 70 Mt fic river Li-low •'•»^«'. Ill ihcUc. '. <>» the river iiciix. illfil.iiul, form. M.it .tiul ih, >K Irom Ihc Kw i^.illc..»l.ult, and 1 ih.- s. T|„ •' lliroii^'l, thi » Hithihr Aar, 'ill.»?r in Knit, *"' 'urmiily a I ( iiuIh, ami ill 'to-iUrinhoufc. •<--<'f it hjH tilt I «i)ktin, left of *ic linrnan ro;id td St.iiullrtct, •iicc. capital of •r Vi. line, and triulim; place, e t|liin.itcd at • Viciinf , jo in • K Bouixicaux. r. Kc of France, March*', s by y, anil w by if- It has fo. iii'ii'8 of lead, III iiboiiiicis in »w forma the Nine. lice, in the lie- 1 iiiamil.Kftiire Alidt 37 m sk louloufe. lii'i in Anda* •w Spain, in ^ioiiterey. iicky,in Mer- Jf Dick river, T' '3 m !>K : capital of ft on Fridyy. ft u iVatcd on the i\>le of « fietn hill, jkhI on the river Withani, whun hr»r ^WuU* into three tirrttn*. It h.ii| for- merly jo chiirchei. now rrducrd to 1 1, txAilc thr cathrdr.tl I 4n(l i« 4 bilhop'4 fee, the lar^clt ttiiu-rl<' in KiihUihI 'I'hr niimhcr of Inhabiianti w«» 7.t<;H in idol. And IIS61 in iNii. The C4the- (jrll (t*ni\* on the hrow of the hill, and it admired for it« rich Riid lii(ht archi. Ifrtiir**. The mini 0I the c^ftli* are vriirrab'e picccii of antiquity ( and the ruin* I'f rniginiti hoiile« are I'u iiiimcr* i»ii«, th.it the vrry birm, nAblei, ^c. are Itiiill With ir^hed d ior« aiul witxIrMvi .Vt'wp irt Gate, on tl>c n tide of thccity, llill leniain*, .iii>l li one of the nohhlt remii mil tit tl>>rn ui architt'^tii'i' Itfi in Uiit.iiiU II, ion the pliin, wirliotit ihii file, wAi Utw^hi tilt f.»moii« (»an'e bc- iwf> n tlif pirti/uif. of empress M.uid and kin)( Suphrn, in v\hich th.il {prince w.H deflated iiid t.tkt'ii pnlonn I. in colli i« a C'Minly i>f itfclt, Kovcrnr t by a mayor Tin' chu-f tratlc ii in coal, bi.iii/lit by lh<' Trent and l-'olTdikt ; and oiti and w >ol, whiji are Ifi t by ihc W'tham. Hire ii a rniall minu- lartiuc of cimL't;* It i« n m nk Ntit- tiiicHanrt, a* d 131 n London. Imh. o J5 w, lat. v< 1 5 t». I.inc/iliijhire, a county of Knul.in I, biMiiiilcd 00 the N by the ll'iiiiiliei , wl'.ich dividri it from S'y fl v- Wdli and NiiiKdU, % by Cainbiid^v iliiii and Norlharnpt.inlbnc, sw by HuJanillbir- , and w l)y the c niiticn of I cic fter and Nottinxbam It i« 77 m lonj< and 45 broati, en' iititij: i.yS^.ihMi acifs { ih divided into t^o titinilnd^, antl 6.)o pa- ri (he >< ; ha* one city and 31 m.trkct- towns ; and I'cndi n mrniliers to par- liament. The niimhir of inli.ibitants was ao8)557 in iHot, and ^,\^ U91 in tSi i. 1 he CO til is fl it, and ii lt)W wa- ter miy bf lirni the fiibmarine relics of a fort'lt, which is 1 j;rc.it natural ciiri- ofily. The piincip.il iivrisaie the Ilmn- brr. Trent, VVaham, Wciland.and An- colm. Tliii cmiiitv ig divided intolbifc dirtritfls, called I II md, Ktlleven, and Kindiey. The hi.S wlilch Ins in the 8R part, coiilifls ut fetiH and marlhcN ; fome in a Itatc of n;if'ire, others cut by drains and canals, iina cmnVd by caule- wayp, and fotnc kept from coiiftant in- undations by vaft Innikfi. The fenb, in their mtive ftatc, produce vaft qnan- tities of reeds, which are annually bar- tcfltd for thatch: the dr.iiiiid parti form excellent palture land, and Inmc even yield lar^-e crops of corn. ProcU- giuiis quantities or gevl'^aiv bred in I. IN ihiidiftiiA I and hrrc arc many drrnyt for wdtl duck*, t> al, winron, ami tidier fowli of the duck kind. Kelleven con* lain* the w nart of the coitniy, from d Ahliohi, whic'i it a rich trad, and prodiicva much 1\t%, I'o ihf Ni ii 4 hrye Ira^t of htathy land, calird the \V(dd«, In which yuut fl'ickk of Ih'-ep .irc bred. The ca tie of tliii county, and the horlei anl ilie l.trg. It breed. I.iiuohitown. .1 town ot N < .tr Una, t'hiel oi Lincoln county . |t i-, ^ m a by 1 .Mor^MMown, an.! ^5 w ^'.ildbnry. I'lntlttu, a city of Sii ibia (alily impe- rial i with a ciltlf lilt II will, d emrd to be Kcim.in wokn* The Prt« ch tnok nodrnioii of till! city in 1796. and it Occam" liilijtk.'! to Itivaria m !('<. It is a tr.\il III; jilacc, li-.i'ed oil an ill nd of the I. ike ot C'tuill n ce, j lined to the mainliiiil by a lon^ biid^e n xn r*t C;»nft nice, and 75 sw .\ui((burg. Lou. 9 41 », lit. 47 JJ N. Ihiildu, a town and caftle of Upper Sixony,iii the principilily of Aiihalt- '/i.rl(l, r, in N Zirbll. I.iiiiliin, or Lernlnxv, a town of Bran- deiibur;;, in the Middle luaik, 5 in kk Riippiii liujf, a town of Sweden, in Weft- mania ar which is a miiieial Iprinj;, 4<» ni « V\ eili'iai. linJnifj'i ; ice S'axe. I'i/iit.-nfflu a town of Germany, \n the Life palatinate of the Rliini', 14 m NNt M.oiheim. l.iua!i Nod .kopiiig, hut tlie fine's irt- nion nv'iilMS and t'lf houl'is mine fli-giit. H. ri- ;ire two large and fplcndid churclir- ; and neiirthc principal one is ,1 iniipnificfnt theatre. I' is fitiiati- on the rivi r St niv,', ri' ar the lake Roxcii, 24 m '< ■ Nord- koping. Lon. 15 40 1 , Lit. 1) 2 v. Linlithgoiv, a iioioiiirli of ^1cotia;ld, capital 01 Linlitlurowniiit, ftMicil en a r;iing ground, ovcrlook'n^: i lake at iia E end. ThecliitfnntPtitainurc is leather and (hoes; tlie wnolli ntr.ide xndbUach- infi! huliner!' are alii) carried on. Hi re the kings ot Scotland had one of tl'eir nobUt palaces, now in ruins ; but ti.e room is dill fhown in which qneen Mary was born. Linlithgow contained ,^.;i)4 inhahitanffi in lUoi, and 4012 in tHii. It is 17 m w Edinbiirg. L'jn. 3 33 w, lat. 56 o '<• Linlitli^owjUre, or ^^eft Lotliion, a county of Scotland, 20 ni long aiul ii broad; bounded <>n the n by the hidi of Forth, sE by Edinbnrgdiirc, i*\v by LanerkHiiro, and n' v*' by Stirliiij.'lhire- Jt is divided into 13 parilhes. The num- ber of iehahitants was 17,844 in t8ot, and 19.451 in iXii. It fend-inie inrni- ber to parliament. The Hi; face is fine- ly diverfified with hill and dale; and the chief rivers are the Avon and Amoiid. It is fertile in coin and p-er, lately of Ccrmany, in the duchy of Juliers; feated on the river Roer, 5 m vkw Juliers. Lino/a, an dlai.d in th.- nTediterra- nean, on the coaft of Tunis, near that of Lampedofa. It is la m in circuit. Lon 1 2 30 E, lat. 36 50 V. Linfelles, a village of the Netherlands, L I P In Flanders, 5 m s Lille. Here, In 179^, the French gained a bloody battle over tlic aires, but ihitfly the Englifli, coni- m.mdefl by the duke of York. /■in tciti, a city of China, of the fc- cond rank, in the province of Chan- tiig, fcaied on the greai canal. Here is an iiif igonal fow> r. divided into eight ftorifs, the wali.s of which are covered on tlie(M)tfide with porcelain It is 187 m ■> P;king. !.,on. 1 15 3 1 k, lat ^656 n. Linton, a twn and citadel of Ger- many, in the Irtte electorate of Cologne, ii:rated on the Rhine, 23 m sse Cologne. Liniuooff, a vill.ige of Scotland, in Renfrewlhire, 2 m wsw Pailley, with an extenlivc cotton inanufadtnre. JApnri, the largeft and molt fertile of the Lipari illandh, ahout 15 ni in cir- cuit, it has not fufTered from lubter- raneous fires for at,e8 pall, though it every where bears the. marks of its- foi*- mer volcanic ftale. It abounds with the currant grape; cotton alfo grows here; and gn at quantities of I'ulphur and pu- mice are exported. It has a town of the fame name, which is a bilhop's fee, and ftands on the st fi 'e of the ifland, 26 m NNR Patti, in Sicily. Lon. 153* K, lat. 38 35 V. Lipori ijiands, a clufter of iflands in the Mtditerraiiean, which lie to the n of Sicily. 1 liey are all of volcanic origin, were feigned to be the velideiice of iEnlus and Vulcan, and formerly called JEoiian Jflands. They are 12 in number; and nearly as follows in the order of their fize ; Lipari, Stromboli, Volcimo, Salini, Felicudi, Alicuda, Par. aria, Volcanello, Vachelute, Lifca, Dattolo, ind Tila Navi. Tfey produce gnat quantities of alum, fulphur, nitre, cinnaoar, and mofl kinds of fiuit, par- ticulaily railins, currants, and figs. Some of their wines are much efteemed) par'.icularly the Malvalia. Lil>fw, a tovn of Poliuid, in the pala- tinate of Ploczko, 33 m NNW Ploczko. by Aire, into Plane Courtray Scheldt a new dep the weilt Bruges is lAjUn the fee c with a 11 inquifiti of the 1 built or in leng and it 1 ticularl walls n E part undevj contai' the et two f( the ci is a gt whicl at on the t hills, whol eniiri the! -•#«!*«'' <;"r,rKlpra[)le Tut French u, and ag.iin '«■ '■'ght hiink I'liiia. Lon. "JpJ of Gei ■- ')(■' Cologiip, ssH Cologne. ■""""^•I'larid, i„ ^'■'I'T. with 'Oft fertile of ,5 ni ill cir- rotn iuliter- » though it s of itf: d»M'ith the TOM'S here; iJi- and pij- /' town of 'rtiop's fee the ifland,' Lon. 1539 ' iflands in ' to the .V f" volcanic If lidciice formerly ■ are 1 2 in >vs in the trorr.boli, -^ licuda, f. Lifca, produce >r, nitrp, lit, par- id figs, [teemed, fie paJa- 'ioczko. { LIS Lipourec, a town o( I\)l,ind, in the pa^lrttinate of Cracow, 12 tn w Ciacow. Li(>pat a town of Hungary, with a caftlf. /''aiel on a inniinlnin, by the river iVIaros, aa m nk Timt-lwar. lAf>f>f% a river of WeftphAhi, which (lows w by P.iderborn, Lipplladi, Ham, and Dorfler., and joins the Rhine above W<-lel. Lippehnr, a town of firand< nburg, in the New mark, zf m k Cuftrin. Lippfprir.g, a town ot Wcrtphalia, in the principality of I'aderborn, near the fouice of the Lipp«*, 6 m n Padcrborn. lAppjladt, a ftrong town of Wcft- phalia, capital of th- county of Lippe. In 1632, a bloody battle was fought here between the Swedes and the Aiif- triani, in which the king of Sweden and the Aiiflrian general were both killed. In 1757 it was taken by the French, who kept poffeflion of it u months. It has a good trade in timber for building vcflV''^ on the Rhine, and Itands on the '-ippe, 18 m wPaderborn. Lon. 8 a8 '-, lat. 51 41 n. Liqiie, a town of France, in the de- partment of Pas de Calais, u m w St. Oinor. Liifueo, Ltguieu. , • Likeo IjlanJs; ke L'tson-kifou Liu a river that nfts in France, in the department ot Pas de Calais, flows by Aire, St. Venant, and Aimontieres into Flanders, where it pafll;^ by Menin, Courtray, and Deynfe. and joins the Scheldt at Ghent. It gives name to a new department of France, inchiding the weftern part of Flanders, of which Bruges is the capital. J'ijborit the capital of Pottupal, and the fee of a patriarch and an arctibilhop, with a univerfity, and a tribunal of the inquifition. It is feated on the n fide of the Tajo, 10 m from its mouth, and built on feven hills, not broad, but 6 m in length. The city is walled round, and it has fo incrcafed by degrees, par- ticularly toward the weft, that the old walls now divide the two diocefes ; the E part under the archbifliop, and the w under the patriarch. The harbour will contain 1000 fhips in the greateft fafety, the entrance of which is defended by two forts ; and before the entrance to the city is the fort of Belem. Near this is a grand aqueduct between two hills, which conveys water to a great refervoir at one of the extremities of Lifbon. In the middle of the city, on one of the hills, is a citadel, which commandu the whole place. The cathedral, on anotner eminence, is ancient and gloomy ; but the riche« of the Portuguefe havi ren- LIS dfnd it magnificent. The royal pnlacc fronts the river ; it is larif and magni- ficent, and contain^ a library, collt^ed at vafl expcnlir by John v. In 1706, pope Clemtnl xi conlicrited a clupcL in this p.iiace, as a patriarchal church, and granted it a chapter. It ib (inguhr- ly magnihcent, and hrre the patriarch, who 18 gtiitrally a cardinal, officiates w'lh more pomp than the pope him- felf Lifbon was almofl deflroytd by au earthquake in 1755, but has been hand- fbmeiy r. built. It contains many beau- tiful edifices, 40 pirilh-cluirches,5o con- VI nts of both Icxes, and about 200,000 inhabitants J here are public walkn, two theatres, and a circus for the bull- foafts. The trade is very confiderabic, and many foreign merch.iiiti",both catho- lic and prottflant, relide here ; this city being the j m NW Hreflati, where a great vi(5lory was gained hy tlie Prulliaiis over tile Aultrians, in 1757. I.ithai/i a town of Germany, in Car- niola, on the river Save, 15 ni e Laubach. Lhhuaiiiti, a country of Europe, for- merly governed by its grand dukes, hut, in it,(\r), united to I?')liind, under one ele(5tive king. It is 300 n\ long and 2.50 broad; houndtd on the s by Volhinia, w by Little Poland, Po'acha, PiuflTia, and Samogitia. n by C(nir uid and Ruffia.and e by K .(Tia. The prin- cipal rivTrs aie the Dnieper, Dwina, Niemen,Pripi-t,and Berezina. It is a flat country, fertile in corn ; and produces honey, wood, pitch, and vafl; quantities of wool ; alfo excellent little horfes, which are never Ihod, their hoofs being very hard. There are vafl forefts, in which are bears, wolvc^i, elUs, wild oxen, lynxes, beaver,s, wild cats, &c and eagles and vultures are very cotmnon. Li the f(M"t'ft8, large pieces of yellow amber ari; freqiieiilly dug up. The country fwarms with Jews, who. though nutneroiis in every part of Poland, feem to havt: fixed their head quarters 11. this duchy ; and this, perhai», is the only country in Europe where Jews, cultivate Iheground. The peafants are in a ftate of the moll ahjedt vaffiiage. The nobility aie nu morons, linne exceedingly rich, but the greater part indigent and poor ; and thofe who are in low circuinflanecs ferve the richer forts as pages, valets, treafurers, &c. In 1771, emprtls C.itha- rine coinpelled the Poles to cvde to her all that part of Lithuani.i bordering upon R'.iffia, includin;»at Ic.ift one third of thi; country. This vv-is < rc^ifcd iiio the two go\er>un'.ius of Polotlk and iMohilef. Ill j;'9^, in conjundion with the king of Pruflii. lh<.' eft. ded another partition of Poland, in conli qiience of which flie extended her doininion over almoft the whole of Lithuania. l"he cap'tal is Wilna. Litir., a town of Pennfylvanin, in L^nr.Tfler county, and a fetilei-nent of ♦ he Moravians, S m n Lancailsr, and 66 w by N Philadelphia. L I \' J.Hj'chau, a town and caflle of Aulhia, on :lie frontiers of Bohemia, 23 m Nw Horn. l.ittnut a town of Moravia, in the circle o*-' Olrnutz, on the river March, 9 m NNw Olmiit/,. LiiHidiuy a province of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the n by Thi flaly, y by the Archipelago, s hy the gulfs of Engia and Lepanlo, which Separates it from Morea, and w by the Mediterra- nean. It includes ancient Grecct pro- perly fo called, and the celebrated mountain Parnaffus. The capital ia Athens. Livadia, a town of European Tur- key, in the province of its n-une, built on the fide of a hill, on the iiile of the ancient Lebadea, and Ih now 'o culled by the modern Greeks. On tl.e top ol" a rock is an old caftle, part of which ferves as i forticf«; ind at the bottom is the c:ive of Trophonics, the lad oracle that was heard to utlt-r the deciees of fate. The town contains fix mofr,>',"s and fix Greek churches ; and has a great trade in wool, corn, and rice. It is 68 m NW Athens. Lon. 23 20 e, lat. 38 42 N. J^i'venza, a river of Italy, in the ter- rit< ry of Venice, wii'ch runs on the contines of Treviu 10 and Frinli, and enters the gulf >ii Venice, between the month of the Piavu and the town of Canrlo. Li'vcrdun, a town of France, in the department of Meurte, fcated on a mount lin, near the river Mofelle, 8 in Nfc Tnul. L'l'vcrpoolt a bortiiiph and feaport of England, in Lancalhire, with 1 market on Saturday It had but o''.e chuich, which was a chapel of eafe to Walton (a village 3 m off; till the year .'699, when an act paffed to make the town a difiindt parilh, and eredt a new church; fince wnich time it has gradually ad- vanced in popul iiion and trade. The number of inhabitants was 77,653 in 1 Ho I, and g4..<76:u 181 1. Its rife and in- creafe was prmj pally owing to the falt- \\r>: ks and ii. is now become, with re- Ipi \.'t tr. commerce, the fecond port in the kingdom. It is feated on tlie A'ier- fi;y, and has an excellent harbour.^ formed with gre.4t labour and expenfe; fliips being admitted into noble wet docks, Itcured by fliood-gatcs. Since the C'-mipletion of the duke of Bridge- water's canals, a new dock has been formed by the diike above the town. The tr^de of Mverpool is general ; but the principal branch is the African and Weft Indian trade. The American, B.iUic, am very Jit'^' many fl^'l ^vhale-filht ploys a gi many go^' the l.itt: " I1.18 conim Kibble, C ;jnd'lham tiireb are watches, fait, antl vies, and Here are tor the I tholic cl and a fyi chant?'', The phu- and here for lea- ■3 in Nw fa, In the [cr M;irch, Th. /i;,iy, ie gulfs of ^'ftlittrra- ireecv pro- celebiatcd |f;ipital \i "•an Tur- i'nc, built i'le of tlie '» c.illed ■'•e top ol' of which c bottom 'aft oracle '•cites of mofrj'».^s !(' has rice. 23 20 L 1 V L L A BiUic, anil Portugal commerce is alfo f/vvmo'i ff<' l.eyjjorn. vfry jrcai, as well as tiiat of Inlai d ; Lizovil, a peiiniiiil.i uti thi; s coaft of many fliips are lent to thi; Ciri'inlaml Cornwall, and tlir molt foutlH'm point a It 1 the ter- 3 on the iii'i, and wecii the town of P. in the fd on a "e, 8 m 'i«port of market church, Walton r 1699, town a "'lurch; Illy ad- . The >(>S?, in and iri- he falt- 'ith re- port in ■ Mcr- rbo'ji-, xnfe • i wet Since ridge- becn town. ; but 1 and lean, whal«'-fdhcry ; the coaliing trade tm ploys a Rif'at number of vcll'iis; aral many ^tooil (lnpa arc Imilt ln're. Hy the Intc inland nivipMtion;), Livirpool has coniinunicaiion with the rivers Dee, Rii)bli', Onfe, Trei % Ilnmher, S< vern, ;»nd Uiamts. 'Ihe ptincipal m.iniifac- tiint, are tine porcel;;in, cartliei- ware, watches, and Itockiii^'s iome [,1 lis, iron, fait, and copperas works ; many vope- riei, and upward of fdty breweiits. Here are eight chuvclie'". and a ch:.pel tor the eftabllfhed reli(;ion, three ca- tholic chapels, ii-veral meeting houfes, and a fynag >',nie ; alii) a "lanJfome ex- chant;o, a eiiltoinhfjiife, ar, 1 a lii^rary The places of -oiuilV'neut are nunicioiH; and iiere is a mod complete iet of ba". lis for ft-a-baih'ng. Among the many charitable *ounilatio.ir> arc an infirnKiry, almiiioufcs for the widov\s of mariners killed or lolt at fta, or dec.iyed irarien, and at) afylum for litriatics. Liverpool is 4H m b LancalUr, anil los nw Lon- don. T.oii. c) o w, lilt. 53 22 N. L'fjerl>uul, a towh of is' ova Scotia, in Oii'f.n county, with a harbour at the nioi ch of a river of iis nanu', 5S m -w Halifax. Lou. 6.; 15 w, lat. 44 10 N. Livin^JIon, a town of New York, in CoUimliia eonnly, on the R fide of the Hadlo.'i, at tiir influx of a river of its name, n m .s rhid.oii. Livonia, a pM)vmci- of Riiffia, whicli, with that of 1' ihionia, has ' t < n recipro- cally claimed, and poffeii' .1 oy Riiflia, Sweden, and PKland, and, for mure than two centuiic, has been a p'T- petual feeiie ■ f he molt blooily wars. Jt was finally wreiled from the Swedes by I'etrrthf pie.-it, was confirmed to tl,e Riiflians by llie ; ace of Nyftadt, in 1721, and now forms the government of Riga, or Livonia. It is 250 m long and 150 broad; bounded on tht; >. by the government of Elthonia, k by that of Plkof, h by that i>f Poloiik and iliat of Poland, and \v by tlie gulf of Livo- nia. The land is fo lertde in corn, tliat it is called the granary of the north ; and it would produce a great deal more, if it were not *X-) full of lakes and forelti;. Ill the forefts are wolves, bcr.rs, elks, ruindeer, Itags, and hares. Thedomeftic animals are numerous; but the Iheep bear very bad wool, i he principal ar- ticles of export ate flax, hemp, honey, wax, leather, fkiris, and potaili. The capital is lliija. of land in England. On it an- two lijihlhonfts, and tie l.i/ard Point is in Ion. 5 I I w, lat. i\() r,H N. l'i,rii-r, St a town of Trance, in the dcpaument of Arriege, lately an epil- copal fee. Here is a eh^pel, vdiich has bicn fiinon^. for the retort of pilgrims. 1'^ la featcd on ihr Suat, 50 m SE Auch. Loll. I 9 I', lat. 4_H o N l.Uuiartlh u town of Wales, in Car- digandnre, willi a market on Tneid ly, 15 in !■ by N ( ardigan, and iij w by M London. Llanbfd'^r^ n corporate town of Wales, in Ciuligan!liire, wih a market oii Saturday, .'iid a confuierable traffic in horfe: , cattle, ^|^g8, failed butter, and tanned and raw hi'les. It is feated on the Tyvy, over which is an ancient brid^'e ii'io Ca:martln'nlt.ire, 23 m e Can''; in, and 211 vv by n London. Llomiaff', a city of Wales, in Gla- morgai iliii' , though now a very final! place, and ha- no n-.'.rket. Thf cotie- dral is fingnlir ii. nut Inviii'? a irol'i adk, and ferven for the panlh ctiurch. Great quantitic-', of vegrtablcs' arc feiit hence to M' rdiyr Tudfyl and other plact s. It is f.attd on t.i"' river Tatt", t m WNW Cardiff, and 163 v Lonrtco. Lhnidilrnv'r hrrji, A '. diage ot Wales, in Car(ii;r iiiiiir* , on the .'' Lio-ak of the river ">»i li, 7 ni nk Llahbcutr. It is famou for the lynod held here, in 5111, where St. David pr.ached againit the Pehtgia-i hereiy ; ;md it l^as a fpaci'-is church. A rMciety,o! whom the l-'llicp of St. D.vid is pretidtnt, arc buildi.:^ :i clerical leminary here. I./inuliloi'nwr, a town of U a'rs, in Carniarihenfhire, with a mnrhet cii Saturday, ar.»l a manufacture of Ilannel. Near it arc tjie pu'^lcnefque itma ns of Dinevawr caftle. It ib leatcd oi' t!ie iidt- of a hill, hy the liver Towy, i,s re. I'. Carmarthen, and 205 u by -S Loudon. L/andovert/, a town of Wales, in Carmartlicniliiie, with a market ou Saturday. Here ari- d^e remains of a eaille, on an inlulated rock of liimo elevation, without any thing of a rocky nature near it, or :'.ny riling ground. It is featt d near tlie Towy, ;6 m i:.Nii Carmarthen, and 191 w by n London. IJaricIi/jl/, a town of W.des, in Car- diganihire, with a market on Thurfd.iy ; fituate Oil the Tyvy, 15 m est Cardi- gan, and 27,5 NN'w London. hlanerchijinedd, a town of Wales, in 1- ?!■' u ^»'f- 1 f-i .1 1 1 LLA Aiij;lcfey, wltli a market on Wt-diief- lijy, 15 m WNw Ikaumaris, ai)J 268 Nw London. Llonellyt a town of Wales, in Car- niarthtnftiirt', wit'u a market on Wed- ncfday, and a co.iridcrable trade in coal; r»Mted on thebi.iry, on a CTCck ut" the Bri(tol chann' I, 10 ni isE Carmarthen, Mn ' azi v by n Loiidnn. JjLnfahi a town of WaK-B, in Mont- gomcrylhire, with a market on Satnr- day; feated on the Vyrnwy, i% m Nw Montgomery, and 180 London. Llanfyll'm, a corporate town of Wales, in Montgomcry(hirc, with a market on ThurOlay ; leated in a flat, among hill*, netr the river Cane, 15 m N by w Montgomery, and 186 Nw London. Llnngadoc, a town of Wales, in Car- marthenll re, with a market on Thurf- day, 18 m E by N Carmardicn, and 195 w by N London. Llanfrollcn, a town of Wales, in Denbighlhire, with a market on Satur- day. Near it, on a fleep mountain, are the remains of Caftle Dinas, once a ftrong place ; and about a m diilant is Valle Crucis, an abbey, one of the fineft pieces of antiquity in Wales. The town ftands on the Dec, over which is an an- cient bridge, 11 m ssw Wrexham, and 192 Nw London. Uanidloes, a town of Wales, .'n Montgomeryfliirc, "ith a market on Saturday ; leated on the Severn, 18 m sw Montgomery, and 188 wnw London. Llanrnvji, a town of Wales, in Den- bighlhire, with a market on Tuefday. It is the center of the bufinefa of the vale of Conway, and ftands on the Con- way, over which is a bridge into Car- narvonfhire, 15 m wsv Denbigh, and 226 NW 1 ondon. Llanjlephan, a village of Wales, jo m S8W Carmarthen, near the mouth of the Towy ; noted for tne remains of i's caftle on the funnmit of a l)old hill, whofe hafe is walhed by the fea. Llantriffent, a coiporate town of Wales, in Glannorganlhire, with a mar- ket on Friday. It had a caftle, which is nearly dellroyed- It is la m nw Car- diff, and r^i w London. Z./ JJou(r/ior, a corporate town of U ales, in GlamorganJhirc, with llir 'ul'i <■• ; caftle on a mount. It has a <•;:>. Iid m »■ Lot" ii» n* « "Lobe in Voii the la- quanti made 22 ITl lit. 50 Lol> dura, I3ad 1.0/ in Ml I.0L the pi M;i«> Lc in m s . lo bailiv It ou Fran hang view was |f Oar- i'ea» and |n the de- Ihalloons, rc; A-at- icos, and ■ipital oF 'i a fort, s a good •I-O,, 11(1,1, "/r the d hand- Cfintain- ne, ,-nd "'. there )*^' ft raw Portu- Ivador. inA LOG caftic, where the hifhi p of Culm rcfiJei, ijA m K by N Culm Lobau, a tovn 'if [.ufntia, wi «. i has A iKilc III k:ray,(triped, and whitclincns, 1^ m ^\ G .rlitz. Lohenjliin a town of Upper Sixony, in VoigiiaruJ, cupitil of a lordflnp of th«' latnc iiarr.c, with a rtdU*. '/reat quantities of cloth, Ihifl's, at j. J^oci-tna, a town of Piedmont, fe.ittd in a fiik- valley, on the river Oreo, 25 m s Aorta. Locnrno, a town of Italy, capital of a bailiwic, latt-ty t)elonj;ht dov\ n by tht tor- rent Mapia. It is .s6 m n by w Milan. Lon. 8 51 E, lat. 46 10 N Lorco. a town of Naples in Abiuzzo Citra, fitiiate on the Peloara, lo m n Solm na. Lorluaiun. a town of Scotland, in Rolsniiif near the conflux of th • rivi-r Caron with an arm of the Atlantic ocean ca!!ed Li;ch Caron, 46 m v by s DiUji'vall. Lochi'trtt a town of Holland, in Gel- derland, fealed on the Bt)rkel. 10 m E Zutphen. Luclicr Mofs, a tnorafs of Scotland> in Dumfrit^ihne, 12 m long and .-? broad, extending down by Dumfries to Solway Frith. Here oak, fir, bitch, and hazel trees, alfo anchors, pieces of vefrels, &c. have been dug up. Loches, a town of France, in the de- partment of Indre and Loire, with a ftrong c.iftle on a rock. In the colle- giate church is the tomb of Agnrs S^^rel, milfrelij o*' Charles vii, to whole pa- triotic exhortations that monarcli owed almoft: all his glory Loches is fcated n:» \\yf. [ndre, n( ar a foreft, 15 ms Am- b' i'c, and 20 se Toqrs- L cli.naben, a boiough of Scotland, in D . miriesftiire, with the ruin of an an- LOD cient caftle, on tht peninfula of a fuinll lake, and a conlidi table ni mufat^ture of cowrie liiitn. It i« frated ne-tr tl"' An- nan, ID m NNK OumfrieK, and 55 s by w Iv'inburg. Lochin, r. feaport of Pwrden, in E BothiM.i, U.i.c ' m .1 Day o' ^he gulf of i^othnia. 90 ni s Tornea. I. op. w 16 R, lat 64 7j N. Lochtwinnocn. a town of Scotlar'd, in Rcnfrrwihire, on a I'mall like of ihff fam natne, from which iHue'. the river B'k;I< Cart It has a conhderable m-.- n itac'ture of cotton, and is 6 m sw Paid. 7. l.ocliy. Loch, a lake of Sc >tland, in thf •iW p'rt of Iiivernefslbir'', 12 m long a'd nearly z broad. From the NW the waters of Loch Arkek de- fcend uito this lake. It outlet is the river Lochy, w'lich.abjut a mil<'bean. and then flows by the ancii-nt caftic of Inverlochv into the head of Loch Liimhe, near Fort Wil- liam. Lockartjhuri^, a town of Pennfyl- vaiiia, in li'izern.; county, fituate in the point formed i>y mi conll ix of the Tioga with the Sufquehana, 60 m nnw Wiltfb trre. L'tck,nitiCf a town and caftic of Bran- denburg, in the Ucker mark, on the river Rando, 20 m ivK Prcnzlo. Lockrrhj/, a town of Scotland, in Diimfrie^ihire with a trade in linen and woollen clot ii ; ieated near the Annan, 12 m E by N Dumfries. Lode, a town of Swiflerland, in an ell vated valley of the ("amc name, in the principality of Neuchatel, famous for waci-.inaki rs, laeeweavers, goldfmithb, cutlers, and cnamellers. It ia i^ m nw Neuchatel LodJon, a town in Norfolk, with market on Friday, 8 m se Norwich, and 112 NK London. Lo/lefan, a I'lftrid of Italy, in Mila- nefe, very fertile and populoui«, and noted '"or its cheCiCS. I^odi is I he ca- pital. Lod"ve, a tnwn of France, in th<\ d'-potiMent of Heranlt, and lately a biihop's (ee. Here aie manufiftures of hats, aid of clotli for the ariny It ia fen'cd on tiie l^ogue, 30 m w by N .Montpelier Lon 3 20 e, lat. 43 4^ N. Lofh, ii town of Italy, in Miianele, capital of L(KLfan, and a bifti p'.s fee, with a forireis It ha.s mai.ulacjt'ires of pe.rceiain, and the Parmefan cheefe made here is • fteemed the heft of 'tg kind. The F' nch defeated the Auf- trians at this pi.ice in 1796; in 1799, the former were totally defeated i.y the I\ li <' M ; LOT HiifllanR; hut the Frtucli rrjained pof- IVUion in iBoo- It is fcatecl on Mie Adda, 18 rn bK Milan, i.un. 9 a6 t > lat. 45 15 i^- Loitomeria ; fee Galicia, Loffingen^ a town of Sunbia, in the lordlnip of FurftenborR, with a medi- cinal batli, 6 m wi^w i'urllinbcrg. Lofjia, a town of Sweden, in the pro- vince of Upland, with a hammiT-mill, eight foigcs, and a I'lnclting furnace. It is 33 m N llpfiil. I.oglerait, a town of Scotland, in IVrtiilhin-, noted for its diftillation of whilky, I'tatcd on thcTummel, ai m NNW Perth. Loj^ronno, a town of Spain, in Old Caftiie, fratcd on tlit Ebro, in a coun- try abounding with ixccllt-nt fruit and good wine. It is 6i m f; Burgos, and 155 NNE Madrid. Lon. a 7o w, lat. 41 it vs. Lolieia, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, on the co.-ill of the Ked fea. It has a great tr?dr in coffee, hionjjht from the ncithbouriti}; hills; inui another hill nf- fordj a gr at qu,«ntity of mineral fait. If has ro harbour, and fi»iall vcfl'els are <)bliged to anchor at a d'ltancc from the town. It is 180 m nnw Mt)clia. Lon. 42 56 B, lat. 15 4i N. J.rjn ; fi (' Loxit. Loir mid ( 7ii-r, a depnrtment of France, incUiiiing the late pr(tviiice of' Biaiioi?5. It takt's itn name from the rivers Loir and Clu'r, ^vhich crufs it; tlif (irU joitsth; S.irt'', ahovf Angers, and the l;dt enters the Loire, 10 m be- low Totirs. Blois is tti« capital- Loire, \Ut principal river of France, which iif'es in the mount-niris cf thi; Ce- venne!', in LMi'gucdoc. it bejiins to bo navigable at R.. untie, pafTct, by Ncvev.><, Orlean-!, Hlois, Toun. S".!n r, and Nantts, and enters the bay of Bilcay, at I'aini^oeuf. Loin; a dejvirtmcnt of France, con- taining lilt' late province -t Fon z. It has iis mme from '^o r vi-r L liie, wliich n.M^'s N thro'i>;h its whole Ungtli. Mnntbiii()n is t' :pitil Loire, Lower, > i ep.ii iiiv 1 t of France, containing pM-foftliL I ite pr vince of Bretaune. It liis its nam- ti.>m the river Loire, whicii croill.-) it, .1 'd tl.en enters the bay of iilfc.iy. Naiuci; is the capinl. Loire^ Upper, a department of Franco, late the proviece of Vrl.f. It takes its name Iroiii tiie river Loire, which riles near th y bonryjary. Piiy is the capit^il. Loiret-, a (jepartment of France, late fche province of Orlcanois. It has its n.^me from a (mall river th.nt .1 m below Orle.tnti runs into the Loire. Orleans is the capital. Aoi/zi a town of Hither Pomerania, with a caftle, icatcd on the Pet ne, 1 x m sw Gripfwald. Loldofijr, a town and fortrefs of Hin- dooftan, on the nk border of the pro- vince of Delhi, and on the river Patle- reah, 8 m above its conflux with the (langes, and 100 nnk Delhi. Lon. 78 38 K, lat. 29 47 .V. LomhnrJt/t a part of Italy, which comprehended almol\ all the ancient Cifalpine Gaul. Sec Ita/y. Lom/jc'z, a town of France, In fhe department of (Jcrs, and lately a billiop's fee. It is feated on the Savci j,^ m SE Aiich, .Tiul 87 Hw Tonlonfe. Lnmbockt an illand of the F. Iniliis, between Bali and Cimibava, 40 m long and la broad. It is chiefly inhabitctl by Gertoos, and on the k fide is a town called Bally. Lon. 116 io E, lat. 3 .<6 .s. LoinotiJ, Jif't ; (i;e r>cnIomond- Lomond, Al.of/j, a lake of Scotland, in Dumbartonfbite, s6 m long and from 2 10 7 wide. ItcoTitains 33 iflands, fcveral of them inhabited, and adorned with antique ruins, concealed among ancient yews; and others rife into high rocky clift's the habitation of the oiprey. On tlie F. lule is the lofty mountain Benhi- niond ; and t!ie rivtr Le vcn ifTues from the 3 cxt mity. Lonaio, a town of Italy, in Bf'efciano, 17. m Kst Biel(:ia. Lo'irart^t A town of Scotland, in Ptrthihire, lignalized by the great vic- toiy oL'aintd by the Scots over the Danes in 970. It has extcnfivc bleach- ing grounds, and is feated near the Tay, 5 m N Perth. i'ondon, the metropolis of Great Bri- tain, one of the largeft and mod opu- lent cities in the woild, mentioned hy T.^citns as a confiiierable c'mmerciil place in the reign of Nero. In its moll extrnlive view, as the metropolis, it con- filtsof tlie City, properly to called, the city ol Weftminfter, ami the bt)roUKh of SoiHhuark, beh le tlu* fnbnrbs in Vlid- dltf'ex and Suriv, within what are called the Bills of Alortality. London and Wcdminfter ;)re in Middlefcx, on the n fide of th'' river Tiiames ; and Sonth- wark is .)n the oppolite bank, in Surry. The extent of the whole, from Lime- houfe and Deptfurd to Milbank and Vauxhall, is above 7 m; but thegreateft breadth does not exceed 3. The city is div'in!ding, on the N lidi of a Imall paik ; it is nie.n in ex- tern d appearand, but die .ipartnunti arc laid t^t be the tell rahnla'eil for regal pa.idtf of ai'y in Eunpi. 'Ihc royal town relidei ce is a fioiilc at the w 'ide of St. Jitnts" park, built by the iluke of BucUngi.ani, atid pu ch.'lcd by tlie king ill 1761. v\ lien it r ei ivid the app ll.iri'in ot tin Q'ltin'i. r'al.'ee. but is iiill fn(]uiin!y 'y •* findl part of t!;e valt pi. in i>f a palace, inleniU'd lobe wi riliy of liie ulid^nee of tin- Hiilitli im-narclis, but Icit incomplete. IfrKie th'- royal pal.ice.'*, th're are many iiwc hdiiK s ol ti e priiK cs of file l.Iooii, .Old o! tht- noliilicy and j:.ntry. Among the pub'ic l)uildn:>:;, v\ hich can nvtelybe eminieraled here, -^re W Jim. niter Hall, c.iitaiiiiiig the I'upn tne roui u-*o! jnliKC ; and adjoining 10 which are tin- hoiili:8 of lords and commons; the (ji.ikl-hall of liie city; the v'lirinns Honf-; the Tow tr. an incient fortviMV, in which are fniii" public ofliees, a nrig.i/ne ,ird ar. feiial, the ie;-,alia of the kii^'dom, the mil!!, and a menagerie ; the New Mint, on L''T!e To'.vtriiill ; the liorlV Gii-.id;;, the Treifuiy, ?iid tlie Adnuia'tiy, at Whitrhall; the nobi*" colledion ot pub- lic ofliccs \vl;ii;h form tliit mi^;nifi- cent Itriidurc'cailedSoineifet PUci ; the Britifii Mnf uni tht Royal Exchiuuge; the Bank of I'.iiKi.nid ; tin; Culiunihoufc; the EXcife Onice ; the F.ad India lioule ; the South Sva iloule; the Manlioii lite interior beauty, the malterpicce of Houft, tor the lord mayor; the Nu)nu- fir Chriftopher VV ren. Bow church, in Cheapfide ; St. Bride, in Flecl-Ilreet ; and St. Martin in the Fields ; arc ameng the othercluirches moildiltingninied for fine architedlure. The purilh churches, in the bills of mortality, amount to J46 ; namelyi 9/ within tiis w^iUii, 16 mtnt, in commfmorati'in of the great lire in i666; The r.neitnt bridge, called London bridge ; and tlie lu(j magmti- cent mo.'lern bridges, of Black- fri.jrs and WcftminftiT. The inns of court for the ftudy of the law ; the colleges, le.rned focietieg, and public feminaries ; the ■1^;v^]■ I i li ,' I li ii li I I.O N h.illsof llic rfifferriil 'ra.'inir comp.ini*-!; the Ddhlt- horpitiilN ;iif «)ivtr- lioii : Mill) its line l(|ii,iri'< itiid Hifrti, arc .ill too iiiim'iu to Jk- hue p.irtU ciilarly iiicnti ifii'tl. Siuh, on a cm lory view of it, iH \Uv m«tr polls / ita fuiiaiioii on 'he haiiliH of the 'I'lianH's; and tin- Nrw Rivi r, with n> my irm ti lj)iinj,'H within thi- city iifclf. fiirtlu r ci.ntril mts to the aluiiutaiicf ol thai iitci-dary cUmfnt. All ihflcarr aMvaiit gi'fi, with rrlp«'«Jt fo licalth, in wl;iclj th h tuttiopolis is cx- cenlfd l)y fi-w. With pjiuil to the circi.iM(riMct'(i<'iiavij;ati< ii.it i lo placed on Ihe TiMiri;*, .nut ha. Inch ixtfilive vet docks, i'8 u> poni'li^fVLry advaiiiajj[e that c.t the fri'O time hy nuan . t i'H iMthh liver, otjoyj a very ixti-idivi' comtniiiiic itioii with the ititf'rnal parts of ih. con:itry, which I'upply it with all forlK of Dtcdliuns, and, in rtliiin, tccivc fioni it fnch CommodititH ,TJ tlry ric- London is the (cat of many cidi'ifi- d)lc manu- faftures; foi\u' almolt ptcniiat to iifilt, Others ill which it pa-icipafi s wiih the Inarluf.l^Jltlrln^ towns in j;>':ieral Tlif mofl inipnrtnni of its peculiar mtnwfac turcs is tht.' li'k-wcavinjr, trtnhlifhcd in SpltaHnld. by ri-fii^' i s fiom I'rance; a varitty, of woiUs in jroid, filvt-r, and 'jcvM-llery; the iP.iuviiiy of maps and prii)t«; and the '.. king of ontical and niathi-ni lUcal iidUuitMMits The porter- hicwtiy a bufinris oi vfiy gn-at cx'i nt, is ado chiefly carried on in Loi.don. To its port are likewili* corfintd f me brarc! fs of loreign convi;erc<*, a'- tin; vaft E India tradr, 't! fte, and iVndifour nir.ijheri to parli 'mni To < nuinrrati: all the eventM by wl>i h this great i,»p|. tal h.iM liieii ildli ).iiiillied, would greatly exceed our liniil-; we Oull only mtti- tion, therefore, the nn-at p' igin , in 166'i, which cm oft' 6h .s9^' P''«>P'p. J*nr lyed. l-cndoii is 110 m NNW l»aril. l.oi' •■ 5 w, lal. 51 ^ I N. I,n»d'iu, ^tlc Ir.idf ui the W Fiidieo and is /eated on the Th.iines, niar i^^enlr met intti Long Kland i'-und, 54 nt »•. by N Newhaveii. Lon 71 10 w, lat 41 19 s. London, Arw, a town of Virginia, chi- 1 ot Jieitfo'd county I' is lituate on »ili )( jti-uiid, 1 10 m w by s Rich- n' ltd Lull. 79 45 w, lat. ?7 lo n. I.fj>i(Jotidirrif a county of hvl and, in the province of Ullb r, jj m long and ;^o br.)ad , bomided on the w by Donc- gd, N by the ocean, 9 and sw by 'J'> rone, 'nd i-. I.y Antiim It contains ahoir 115 000 iiihabiiants, i?. divided ir.io ,^1 pir (be;, and (ends four ttJcm- beis to [)ailiameni. It is a fniiiful champaign coiin'ry ; and the greater pan ot it was giv\n by James 1 to an incorpor tid compaiy ot London nier- ch ults. Thelintiiinannf idnreflouriihes thi()i!-li every part of the county. I.o'idondr'ryy or Dirri/, a city and feap 1 1 o Inland, capital of a county of the f me name, and a bdhop's fee. Ir i- a oiiiity of itfelf, and ilands on the Foyle, over which is a wooden bridge, 106b feet in length, ft was biidt in the reign of James i, by fome LoiHt.in adventurers, and furrounded by a ft ()• g w.ill. Five m below the town is Cnlm.'ie fort, and thi-re are four edits by the ikle of the river. Th« c.ithediril, the epii'copal palace, and 'he buildings in general a-e handfome. It I' lids a member 10 parliament. Th<; inhatiifanis arc eflim-tted at 10,000; and I he 'rade is coiifideral>le, princi- p.i'ly to America and thr W Indies. T'lis city is celebia'ed for the long (lege it fuftained againft Jami-s u in 16P9 II is 136 in NNW Dublin. Lon. 7 2,5 w, lat 5458 N. Londonderry, a town of New Hamp- fhire, in Rockingham county, with a mauuladure of linen cloth and thread ; Icitrd ii<.»l which riinl Long, L\ land, whic| fxK'iidH ac I)iimb.irlo| a m ill l»>' the Argyll brunch c if iflands. I«Itw Y"ii cut. by l| t from til but is iioJ diiitn ; itf t.ies. Kin I in \i^o of wtioml exported oil, pitcl llaX leed, miil'.lle '^ particula Lonn JJ Amer i4ol«)">-' Long in nee*\u-vtt Atlantic Lon,^ bria Ulti Lougj proviuci bro.^d ; trim, N I and w Vi il from 34 p>ri and kn Il is a genera tainoui pit. d c Much and lie of n:i> on ill Lon. Lo. the :- ofTf Lo ranU diftri of gi the Moi J04 X Ii four "••rate 4.»pi. ■.Mtljr men. . in :. ;inil .by )tner •de- .irit. uitjr, .ll)Ic iiilt. W nps, nid, LON Uiti'tl near tlir licul of DiMVfr river, which run* into th«: Mcrriiuac. 3U m isw Puttlmouth. Lonjf. Loc/i, an arm of the fc 1 in Scot- land, wliich, from th«' I'rirh ofClydt*. rxliMiilH 20 III betwien the counties ol' Dumbarton and Ar^yle, and it4 nearly a m in hiculfli Near the inliUlle, on the Ar|;yle lidt.-, it fKiidit utT a finall biunch cillcd Loch Goil. JLfrVif Ijland, one of the n.hama idaiidn. ^c" Vtwin, Lofiif IjlauJ, an ifland of thp flatc of New York, ftparatcd funn C\»rine(.Mi- cut, l)y Loii^; I (land found Jii.-xtciuU I from the city of New York 140 in. bnt i!) not inoic than \o lnoad on a m<'- dinm; aud ii divided into three coiiii- tieB. King, Qu«'tn, iiiiil Siitrdk. which in 171)0 contained 41,782 inlial)itant>., of whom 4XJ9 were Haves. Ileiici' are cxp.)rtid to tlu- VV Indies, Xc. whale- oil, pitch, pine boardrt. Iiorfcn, c.ittie, flax Red, beef, S:c. Thcproiluct' of the middle and weQt rn parts of the iflind, partienlarly corn, is carried to New Ynik. Lon)( Ijiutiil ifouiiJ, a kind of limit in N America, fiom ), to 18 m broid and 140 h)njr, eKlending the whole length of Long liland, and dividing it from Con- nedicut. It commiinic it<'s with the Atlantic at both ends of the id and. Lotir Lake ; fee Kain Lake. Lo>iq;ara, a town of Napli's, in Cala- bria IJitrA, lomvvN'wSt. Scv( rino. LougforJ, a county of Ireland, in the province of I.eiidler, 25 mj long aisd 16 hro?d ; bcinided on the Nw by Lei- trim, N I, by C iv m, t and s by WMcath, and w by the river Shannon, which parts it from Rofcommon. It is divided into 34 pui(hc8, contains 5' ,000 inhabitants, and (t;nd8 two members to parliament. It is a fertile and pleafant country, in general flat, but toward the n moun- tainous. Longford, a borough of Ireland, ca- pilil of the county of the fame name. Much linen is manufactured in the town and (icighbourhood, and great quantities of flax feiit to otiiv-T parts. It is featcd on the Camlin, 74 ti wNw Dublin. Lon. 7 40 w, lat. 53 4.8 N. Lo7igforgan, a town of Scotland, in the ;^>i corner of Perthfhiie, on the frith of Tay, 4 in w by s Dundee. Long-nan, a city of China, of thefirft rank, in the province of Se-tchuen- Its diftrid c intiins feveral forts, formerly of great ufe to prevent the invafions of the Tartars. It Hands on the river Mouqi/a, 710 m sw Peking; Lon. JO4 l« K, lat. 32 22 v. Loti^nor, a town in StaiFordJhirc, with .1 market on Tuelday, ftaied nc.ir the river Dovr, ji m N by h BlairorJ, .iiid \wii, the Later of which iii fortitied. It wa« t.iken by the Aullrians in 1792, but le- taken two inoiith.^ alter. It is leated on an eminence, by the river Chiers, ^6 m NN".v Met/, and 160 i-Nt Tarin. Lon. 5 44 K, l.lt. At) :iZ N. /^o'ls U Sii -lier, a town of France, capital of the dep.irtment of Jura, with an alility of'iiobli' iJi'mariliiu-;. It de- rives it-i iiainc from the fdt fpriiigs in the vicinity, and is fcated on the SoU van, ^o m ssw Dole. Lon. 5 jo k, lat. .1637 N* f.on, a town of Holland, in Gcldir- land, with a fine palacc» i8 m w Arnheim. t.oo't '-V '""' Jf'fjff two decayed boroughs in Cornwall, f.parated by a creek, over which is a narrow fti/ne bridge. They are fupported eliicfly by the pilchard filheiy, and fend together as many members to parliament as Lon- don. Tlie market, held at F-aft Looe, is on Saturda /. They are 16 m w Plymouth, and '^i w by s London. Lookout, ('ape^ a cape of N Carolina, s of Cape Hatterus, and oppolife Coro Sound. Lon. 76 51 w, lat. ^54 2;^ n. Loozt <* town of tiie Netlurl iiids, in the territory of Liege, 17 m w by s Maeftricht. Lopntka^ Cape, the s t:;treinity of Kamtlchatka. Lon. 15645 e, lat 51 o N. See Kuriles. Lopefco, a town of Naples, in Abruz- zo Ultra, 19 m sw Aqiiila. Lopo Gonfulve, Cape, a Inng ind nar- row ptninAila on the coali of Guinea, low, flat, and covered with trees. It affords a good harbour, and near the cape is a village, wliere pioviTDns are plentiful. Lon. V, jo k, lat. o 4^ s. Lorut a town ofSpain, in Aiidaliilia, on the river Guadalquiver, I'i m Nt Seville. - r ', I 'i' f : :■; i ■1 •i-J. fc,'' ■ '•' '' '' M ^Ifl iv i >;i : : "II : .t' LO II Trr/t, n town of Ifpprr Sitoiiy, in thi- idUHiy i)t' liolu iiltc-iii, jR ni ss*. Mtilh.iuleii. f'orhm, 4 ttiwn «»f thr |(m;Mitim «»f TiiMiH, With '1 c)tfre ari" jntti-rii's mimI Ciltpclri* w«rl<>i. It in fiMti'i III) .11, crniiuiirc, f«y ilu- li r (iii.ul.il iiitii), 50 m vv Caitha- gi-riH. l.<»li I )t, bycipi lin lluntfr, who lc. Nine «)K the iiirivcs cam*' n«-Ar the Hiip, in 11 canoes which w<>» altoiil 40 I'lf t loi'g, badly in,((lc, and li;id .11) ' utrii!(,'cr. i ln-y Wf.if ;i lloul, cl«Mn, vvcM-iu.nIo pfop'c, of ^ dark ct>ppfr to! )tii- ; tl.cir li iir tin! in ;i knot onthi: l)ack oi th»' lu-acf ; and ihty ip- ptircdaH it cic-in ilmvtd. They Ind m «irnam< lit confidiitj: of ,i luimUi' ul' i'rin]^t'i!» lik«.^ an artificial l»card, which VV.18 laftcp d cl.il'- iind<.r fhc iiolc ; ninl tolMis 1)1' id 1)111.^ .4 rowof ticth, wliicli H.ivc lilt 11 thi* ;.;)!jcar4ncc' of h;ivlng .'i month livrtr fh.-in tixir natiiril one. Thiy h .d holt' run thn'ii£;l) tlif I'ulcs uf the ntj(«', ii'ti) vhic'>. as well iithroiij'h the In lUi-m vvcu ilirud t)i.ccs o< ictd or boiic T'vj arms .ind thi^^'.iH were tattovNtd, ;iikI fo ne vverf pninu-d with red aixi white llnal^s. They wore 1 wifippu* round tiieir mi 'die. Loii. from Ij9 14 to 1 59 ^7 k, iat. •, ,^t s. /.rrj ll'iwe JjUiii/l, an Hand in the Pac'fic oce.in, (tilcovcred, in 1 • 88, by lieiiifiant Kiig. Many cxccllc 't 'U' tif have he n caiiglit hire on a faiidy beach ; rnd it abo'inds with a variety of birds, win'cli \\eri' I'o nuicciiftomed to be d f^'irbed, tliat the fta'nen vent near en Mgh to knock tlicm ilawn with a It'ck- At the s cud arc two hiph moun- tains, n.-a)ly ptrpi'mis nl.t, fioti ti e (i'a; the louthernioll namcnce ri)e \^■n■^ i< near 4 m lo'ijr, and vc/y narrow Lou. 159 o v., lat. 3 I 36 >r. Loreilo, a fnvvn (jf Italy, in Pol. fmo di Uovigo, iVaied on llie Adi^jc, ao m £ Rovigo. T. O U t.-rtin, 1 f.iriiUtd t »\vn of Imly, hi the rnffri|iiif4ir uf Anrui a, und a hi* (li'>j)'» (»•»•. Tlu* CMthrdrni cnni.tinii Ihc Cari Sinlit. 01 Holy Hour*-, in which it if pntcndid lite virj^in M.ir\ hvt-d itt Ni/irvtti: according to (he Itgriid, it w,i«. c.iirieil by angOs from Oahlcv into D.ilinatiu, and thtnce to the place whcie it now lUiuU. Tliu houf- or chapel in ji i(\t loii)(, i( *'road. lud |H hiuli ; the iiinrr p,irt very old, litit c tied Willi iii.irhlc on the ontltdr. T^«* fa- mous I uly of Lorcto. who N Idl the in- lattl Jcfnj ill her arms, llan ' . upuii the ptiiicipal alii-, In a nich of lih cr • thi« llatiie idiij It M.ir WO' ll, thitcteet hitth, hut her fac>. ■.in hardly la- ii '', on »c- caiiit of ih itunicronii gc ' " id hi' or Unipit around her. She U ci ii'tcd vvith clolh of :,mM. n his l.aiidi am' : adorn- <;d w'Ji lirh ji'Wi'li'. Great < .:inbci'8 frvi)' ln^Iy g^ in piii:iifniige 10 I nreto, and tvciy pi.^.i ,111, atfir having; p«, M.rm- fd his (.t'vocioii, makt 9 th* V: .:!•) a pixi nt 5 tliat I lie treafury of this i '1 ;)cl i- iinnn'tifcly rich. Sncii was the .lite ofthidliin^luary lillit wislaioiy violaitj by ft c French, who lei/.ed and difperfed tlu ll- fl.or.n of trc 'lure ; that no v(-(\igc now rem-jini of this valuable c-jMcdtion. 'I'ht inhabitaiiiri ot the town fuhfill prin- ilpally by ajiricultuic and |rai1 ,.„t:i», *iid \ l,o/,'iem«ull i;|^inlhire, ^ m N« **•'!■'' Thf* hiiht'"i tot)"*, md l>> l.nt, a II the dipatui Mendf. C tt\e ft ir IX at Calioi^. Ihj; the l.ii t.ike'* t* n hunt »• •'« Lot aiifi Franoe* m vincc ti' (J two livrr" divided ini tliian, "f jijtre, 'tid calUe. fd'i Angti >nr; SK K(' lifd Louden ' partmci\t forge an I B St. Bi .ei I.nudun partmeiit ni ncc, .^c Paris. Lotiv^ld (litre, vsii has a lai tower, a chief m. and holii Uc. by Trent. 4.'i46 in feated n and toi) Loiitjt the cou that ab m N N Lous county fame n Lout depart in a ki SeiUcE Cbalo Lor Otran 1 (it Call, jrf. it is ^!i''n, ncir s'v Gui- I'M. Loil. in thede- ; Argcns, in IJrif. Fribiirg. f Fniicf, iiuJcd on <*S K by Franche iiid Har. "p. llax, vs, large ind cop- al rivors MeurtP, V forms LO V the depart mi'iitu ul Mrurttt Murtllir, ,tiid \ ol'irca. l.itrit, n town of France, In Ihr d«" pirtinriit of loiirt, ii m tw Moil- U\fi\*t «nd .{& *. <)rli'. |)>.it Th"" li.tilioiir will rrcttvc vtlHU t»f H) tons, .iiid hiii('( niiiL'lt(;urn to c'xp'iitil l.nt, ;i livtr (if V, lur, «lnch iili n til tin* diparimriit ot Lo/irr, i^ifllh by Mfixli', C'lfiorH, RiidA(.'>ii, ,iid«ii!»'r4 thi*r.ir ni'f It b«'glli» lo b«Mi.ivi^iible at CmIkii:*. Lot, A d< p.irtm' 111 • Ciitiiiinc. It it {" (.illdl truni two rivrr^. Ajjtii i tin cripii <\ Lot/linn, n (liAri(.'t or SciMvil, now divided into I). ft. Mid, and VV«.M I.;)- tliiaii, or lliiMuffloKii.iri' i'.iiihLhrg' LatziH, a to II I l»!iinii, v/itb a cnltli', litiiatr oil :i canal \\\m jnins the Angci rirkland, atinvn of Ireland, in the county of Down, iitar a f'aiall lake that abounds with fpcckkd trout, 11 m N Ntnvry. Loughrra, a town of Irela'.d, in the comity of Galway, on a tine lake of the fame name, 20 m tsii Galway. Louhmii, a town of France, in tho department of Saone and Loire, fituate in a kind of illand between the rivers Seilles, Salle, and Solnun, ig m sit: Chalons. Lovijrrtfluo, a town of Naples, in Otranto, u m ssw Brindifi. LOU I.tuii, Fort, or fort I'tiukan, »town and t.irirt *t of F' mcc. In the dcp.irt* niviit of Lowri KImik. built by i otii« XIV, on an ill md loiiitrd by tl.c Rhinf. Ill i79)it vki t.diui by the Aiiftii-tti«| who Wiri' ollll;'t»l to cviciiilc It (oill aficr. Iti«^i:in» ll.iguin.iti, .md lU NNR Slialbutjr. /«««, St . 11 iflitnd of Afi cii at the motiili ol thf (i\tr Silii'K'i'ili wi'h I f irt, bull' by the F" iu:h. It w.n t ik«n in i7jH by thf F.t>|{ii(>i, and Ceded totli m In ••ft\ In t^ii- Ann ricaii war, It w U t.ik. 11 I y till- Fniu-h, rind ktpt I y (hc-in nUir til.' pv.it*' of 1781, till thf yiir iKoo. wh«ii it w.iH again 'aLrn by the F.n^l'lli, It i.^ lilt, laiidy, and barren Loil 16 .' tlic '> lit'* '•* th»' V pniiiMul;!. Th»'c'iirf icpor ;• iic'Ci>rtc«', C'tit>n,., a liai'it ol Mr.ilil, ca| it.d tif the pKi- vinci" iif M.iraiin.iii, ;ind .1 billiop's iVe, with ;; llrMi^' cadle. It llandi on the 1. liilf of th(.' Mfaiini, neir the Atl.mtic ocean. Lon 45 1.? w, lit. 2 15 s. Lotiijti. a town of Sweden, in Fin- land, with a Ibrtrefs, tm a biy of die gulfof Fin!an.d, ,jo m t. by n IIcHiiiKtori- Loiii,lui, 11 iln- E by the M.tTiirippi, s by the gulf t)f Mex- ico, w by New Spain and New Mexico, and running indtfinitx-ly >i. It is 'itiiate between the extremes of heat and cold ; tbe climate varying as it extends towaid a£ 1^ It >! I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 4 .^/ 4 5^*;^ A v.. ^ !l.O I.I ■^1^ 121 ■^ 1^ 12.2 IL25 i 1.4 M 1.6 Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^^ i^ ^ ^ o LOU the N# The timber is as fine as »ny in the world ; aiul t!ic quantltiea ()fo.ik, jifh, mulberry, walnut, cherry, cyprcfs, and cidar, are aitonilhitip- -I'hc m-i^h- bourhood of the Miflllfippi furnilhcs the richcft fruits in great variety ; and here an* the chief fcttltiiicnta of the white inhabit, I its, which at prtfent arc few. The foil is particularly adapted for hemp, flax, .ind tobacco; and indigo is a (taple commodity. It is iiiterlcfted by a luiinbcr of fine rivers, amiug which are the MifToiiri, Arknnfa, Moingona, and Natchitoches, which all flow into the MiflTiflTippi. The chief articles of trade are indigo, cotton, rice, beans, wax, and lumber. This country was dilcovered by Ferdinand de Soto, in i54ii traverfed by M. de la Salle, in 1682; and fettled by Louis xiv, in the beginning of the 1 8th century. In i;63, it was ceded to Spain ; reitored to France in 1 80 1, and by France transferred to the United States, in 1803. The popu- lation in 1810 was 20,845. St. Lolii; atid New Madrid are the chief towns. Louipvi/le, the capital of the Hate of Georgia, and in Burke county. It has a college, with ample and liberal endow- ments ; and is feated on the n fide of the Ogeechee, 5am ssw Augufta, the former capital. Lon. 82 17 w, lat. 32 42 N. Loiiifville, a town of Kentucky, capi- tal of Jefferfbn county, feated on the Ohio, jufl above its rapids, at the head of which is a fort. A canal, 3 m in length, has been cut on the fide of the river, and by this vefTels afcend and , defcend without danger. It is 50 m w Frankfort. Lon. 85 52 w, lat. 38 14 M. Louht a town of Portugal, in Algarva, furrounded by antique Nvalls, and feated on the river Louie, 10 m Nw Faro, and aa wsw Travira. Lou-fi^an, a city of China, of the firft rank, in theprov'nc! of Chan- fi. It is fituate near the fou.-;,e of the Tfo- tlanp, 270 m ssw Peking. Lon. 11234 Ji, lat. 36 42 N Lourde, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper Pyrenees, with a caftleon a rock, 10 m nw Bagneres. Lourical, atown of Portngal, in Beira, a8 m s by w Coimbra. Lout/it a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, 39 m long and 13 broad ; bounded on the n by Armagh and Carlingford bay, E by the Irifh Tea, w by Monaghan and E Meath, and s by E Meath, from which it is parted by the river Boy ne. Itis a fertile country, con- tains so pariihes> an^ about 57,750 in- LOW habitants, and fends four membni td parliament. Drogheda is the capital Lout/i, a town of Ireland, in the county of the fame name. 18 m nnvt Drogheda. Louth, a corporate town in Lincoln- (hire, with a market on Wednelday and Saturday, and a manufadure of blankets ail 1 carpets. Here is a noble Gothic church, with a lofty fpire, and a frre- fchoo! founded by Edward vi. It has a navigation, by means of the river Lud and a canal, to the German ocean, at Tetney creek. It is 28 m ne Lincoln, and 144 N London. Loutzk ; lt?e Lucks. Louvain, a city of the Netherlands, in Brabant, with an old caflle, and a ce- lebrated univerfity. Its walls are near- ly 7 m in circuit, but within them are many gardens and vineyards. The churches, convents, and public build- ings arc magnificent. Large quantities of cloth were formerly made here, but it is now chiefly noted for good beer. It was taken by the French in 1746, 1792, and 1794. It is feated on the Dyle, 14 m E by N BrufTels, and 40 NE Mons. Lon. 4 41 e, lat. 50 53 n. Louviers, a fortified town of France, in the department of Eurc, with a con* fiderable manufadlure of fine cloths; feated on the Eure, 10 m i; Evrcux, and S5 NW Paris. Lowvo, a town of the kingdom of Siam, with a royal palace, 50 m n Siam. Lon. 100 52 e, lat, 14 56 n. Louvres, a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine and Oife, 21 m n Paris. Lowenburgt a town of Silefia, in the principality of Jauer, feated on the Bo- ber, 21 m wsw Lignitz. Lotwenftein, a town of Franconia, ca- pital of a county of Mie fame name, 9mESEHeilbron, and2i NNEStutgard. Lowenjiein, a fort and ancient caflle of S Holland, at the w end of the ifland of Bommelwert. Inthiscaftle, in 1618, Hugo Grotius was confined, and after three years imprifonment was conveyed away by a ftratagem of his wife, in a returned box ufed for the purpofe of carrying books. - It is 16 m e Dort. Lofwejioff, a town in Suffolk, with a market on Wednefday. The chief trade is in the mackerel and herring fifheries ; and it is much frequented for fea« bathing. Here are forts and batteries for protedling fhips in the roads. It flands OD a cliff, the mofl eaflerly point of Great Britain, 10 m s Yarmouth^ and 117 NE London. Lon. i 44 £« lat» 5» »9 V. mile l.ti\g ar It in of no with pike al all the othJ fr,,m N to I Mi-Ubrc^k, Ciom;tch w| L^tinate of feated on thi and 30 N Hf LoivojUzA 'circle «>fLt'u| tft part of if eng.ieemcnt| Pruinans. m wsw Let Loxa, or Granada, wl i;dt-work. al on the fide « Xcnil, 18 m Loxa, or pitulof aju famous for and cochint tured here ftands at thf Amazon, 78 46 w, lat Lounf, 01 which rifes Kirby LonP after enters Lozerct a eluding the It is mount its name fi mountains. y>tt, a io> rat, 8ms Luarca, near the fei Luban, vernment N end of 70 m E by 56 55 N. Luban, palatinate Sluck. Luhben, a diftridt < veralchui and a lar^ ble. It I'wampy Lon. 13 Lubec, Saxony, lately th . prince oi of the fa L U B t.owes water, a lake in Ciimlinlinc!, a liiilf liMig ami a qmrtcr of \ milt* bro d. It ii of no great litptb, luir altoinuls with pike ami perch. In oppfifitimi to all the otlur likcH, it has its courfc fr 'm N to 8, aii'1, iirnJor tin- lolty Mcllbrc^k, rnns into tlii; n end of Crom;ich waU-r, Loivitz, a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of Rava, with a (Iroiijr torttf Is ; ftalcd on the ii/ura, 21 m s Plockfko, and 30 N Rhvi. Loivo/itz, a town v)f Bohi-mla, in the 'circle of Lt'ii'mcrit/.. In i 7i;6, thi-prcat- cft part of it wan biniU in an oh/bnati; eng^cremcnt betwirn the Saxons an. I Prulfians. It is fiatcd on the Egra, 5 m wsw Lcutn^critz. Loxa, or Lojcx u t iwn of Spain, in Granada, with a Mooiilh cartle, a royal lalt-work, and a copper forge; li-ated on the fide of a mountain, by the river Xcnil, a8 m w Granada. Loxa, or /^o/rt, a town of Quito, ca- pital of a jurildiction of the iann! n;ime, famous for producing tine jelhits bark and cochineal. Carpets are minufac- tiired here of remarkable fineuefs. It (lands at the head of a n w branch of the Amazon, 180 m sse Guayaquil. Lon. 78 46 w, lat. 4 15 s. Loyne, or Lune, a river of England, which riles in Weftmorland, flows s by Kirby Lonfdale to Lancafter, and Coon after enters the Irilh lea. Lozerc, a department of France, in- cluding the late territory of Gevaudan. It is mountainous and barren, and has its name from the principal ridge of mountains. Mende is the capital- /-«, a town of Piedmont, in Montfer- rat, 8 m s Cafal, and 8 w Alexandria. Luarca, a town of Spain, in Afturias, near the fi-acoaft, 30 m n w Oviedo Luban, a town of RuITm, in the go- vernment of Livonia, leated near the N end of a lake of the lane name, 70 ra E by s Riga. Lon. %6 36 e, lat. 56 55 N- Luban, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Novogrodcck, 20 m se Sluck. Lubben, a tov.'n of Lulktia, capital of a diftridt of the lame name. It has I'e- veral churches, acaltle.a noble hoipital, and a large edifice where the diets alTem- ble. It is leated on the Spree, in a I'wampy country, 40 m sse Berlin. Lon. 13 55 u, lat. 58 o N, Lubec, a city and Icaport of Lower Sax(my, in the duchy of Holftein, and lately the fee of a bifliop, who was a prince of the empite It was the head of the famous hanfeatlc leaguci formed LUC herein ii64» and the m.ift comrhercial city of the north; but it now his hill: gKMt part of its tra' e The doors of the houfcs are lo large as to admit car- riage.s into the hall, which frequently )i.rvcs for a coiclihoiile. The town- li'iifo is a f'nperb tiriirtnre, and has (i.-- vcral towers ; there is alio a fmecouiiciN liDUle and an exch mge. There are four large chiircl-.es, bi fule the caihedr.il, in which is a liamlliimc flatiie of the virgin Muy, a curious clock, and a proiligimis I uge ot:,'.Mi. Tilt re were fornierly lour convents; that of ^t. John h,is nill'Hjnie protelt.uit go Is, inulcr the gnvernment of an abliels; thatoF:^t. .M, try is turned into ;in liolp-tal ; that (,f St. Ann is mule a hotilc cf corredt' >n ; .Tlidthat of St. Cith.iriiie is now a handlbme col- lege, l.ubec is featv'd at the conflui'nce of lome rivers, the laigcrt of which is the Trave, 14 rn sw of the Baltic, and is NE Hamburg. Lon. 1049 t, lat. 53 52 N. Lubfc, an ifland in the Indian oce'in, ni-ar the ifland of Madura. Lon. iiz 22 H, lat. 5 50 s- Lubecke, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of Minden, with a trade la yarn and linen, 14 m w Minden. Luben, a town of Silefia, in the pi in- cipality of Lignitz, leated on the Katz- bach, J4 m N Lignitz. Luben, a town of Lu(ktia, with a caf- tle, on the river Spree, :o m jjw Cotbus. Lubitz, a town of Lowei Saxony, in the duchy of Mrcklenburg, on the river Elda, 13 m 3 Guftrow. Lublenitz, a town of Silefia, in the principality of Oppclen, 32 m e Op- pelen. Lublin, a city of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, and a bifltop's lie, with a citadel. Three an- nual fairs are held here, each lading a month, which are frequented by great numl)eri. of German, Ruffian, Tuikifh, and other traders and merchants. It iS leated tin the Weiprz, 9; m se Wut- llivv. Lon. 22 45 E, lat. 51 14 N. I iiblyg, a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of Cracow, 56 m St Cracow. Lac, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Var, 25 m ne Toulon. I'lic, a town of France, in the depart- ment of Drome, on the river Drome, 34 m SK Valence. Lucanas, a town of Peru, in the bifhopric of Guamanga, which gives name to a jurifdidtion, containing rich filver mines, and feeding great droves of cattit:. It ftands near one of the head branches of the Apurimac, 80 ms Guamanga. Lon. 74 ) w, lat. 14 3* s. I' ' ai '• :5 ■«>^p«l*l \i\ I ! w ! I III! LV C Lucar, C(if>e St. the SE end of the pe- ninl'tila of Cilifoinia. Lun. 109 5 1 \v, lut. aa 53 N. Lueai de Barameda, St- a fcaport of Spain, in An'inliiru, with a fine harbour, well dffendtcl, at tho moulli of the Guadalquivcr. It is 42 m ssw Seville, of which it is the port. Lon. s 5 4 w, lat. 36 58 N. Lucar de Guadiana, St. a ftrong town of Spain, in AndaUifia, on the river Guadiana, 76 m wnw Seville. Lon. 7 18 w, lat. .^7 28 N. Lucar la Mayor, St. a town of Spain, in AndaUifia, feated on the Guadiamar, 14m w Seville. Lucaya Ijlands ; fee Bahama. Lucca, a republic of Italy, lying on the E coall of the pulf of Genoa. It is 40 m long and 16 br;\id, and in general mountainous; but it produces plenty of cattle, wine, oil, fillc, wool, and cheftnuts ; the oil, in particular, is in high erteem. The common people ufually cot cheftnuts inftead of bread ; and they are the moft induftriousof any in Italy, for no fpot of ground is ne- gle^ed. The government was ariftocra- »ic ; but in the recent revolutions of Italy this ftate adopted a oonfular con- ftitu lion, under the protC(5l ion of Franct-. Lucca, a city of Italy, capital of the republic of the fame name, and an archbifliop's lee. It is nearly 3 m in circuit, furrounded by a rampart plant- ed with lofty trees, and contain!* 40,000 inhabitants. The ftate palace is a largo building, and includes the arfenal l-I< re are confiderable manufadturt's of liik, and gold and filver ftuffs. Lucca was entered by the French in 1796, evacu- ated in 1799, and re-entored in 1800. It is ieuted in a fruitful plain, near the river Serchio, 10 m ne Pifa, and 37 w Florence- Lon. jo 35 k, lat. 43 50 n. Luce, a fpacious bay on the s coaft of Scotland, in Wigtonfliire, lying f. of the pi-omontory called the Mull of Gal- loway. The river Luce enters its ^k extremity, at the town of Glenluce. Lucena, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, 36 m ssE dordova, and 42 wsw Granada. Lucera, a city of Naples, capital of Capitanata, and a bilhop's fee. The town is fmall but populous, and has a manufafture of cloth. It is 75 m ne Naples. Lon. 15 .34 c, lat. 41 a8 n. Lucern, one of the cantons of S\¥if- ferland, 30 m long and ao broad ; bounded on the e by the cantons of Underwalden, Schweitz, and Zug, and on all the other fides by the canton of Bern. The air is mild, and the foil un- LUC commonly fertile. Freedom and opcn- nelii of manners charafterize the inha- bitants, who are Homan catholics, and computed at 100,000. The govern- ment WIS ariftocratical, with a certain mixture of democracy. Lucern, the capital of the canton of the lame name, m Swiflerland. It is divided into two parts by a branch of the Reuls, which here enters the lake of Lucern. It has no manufadlurcs i)f confequence, and little commerce ; the merchants being principally engaged in the commiflion bufinels, upon goods pafling between Italy and Germany, over Mount St. Gothardand the Wald- ftadtcr fee. In the cathedral is an or- gan of an extraordinary fizc ; the centre pipe is 40 feet long. The bridges that fkirt the town, round the edge of the lake, are the fafhionable walk of the place ; being covered at the top, and open at the fides, they afford a conftant view of the romantic country. Lucirn is 30 m sw Zurich, and 35 e Bern. Lon. 8 i4E,lat.470N. See tValdJladter See. Lucerna, a town of Piedmont, in a valley of its name, 15 m sw Turin. Luchow, a town of Lower Saxony, in tlK- dnchy of Luneburg, iituate on the Jct/.e, 1 1 m s by E Dannekrg. Luc/iowice, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Novogrodeck, 40 m if,i'. Novogiodeck. I.>chi, St. one of the windward Ca- ribe iflands, 27 m long and 1 a broad. Itconfifts of plains well watered with rivulets, and hills furnifhed with tim- ber ; and has feveral good bays and commodious harbours. By the peace of 1763, this iiland was allotted to France. In 1779 it was taken by the EngHlh, reftored in 1783, taken again in 1794, evacuated in 1795, and again ta'^en in 1796. There are two high mountains, by which this ifland may be known at a confiderable diftance. The N end is ai m 8 of Martinico. Lon. 60 51 w, lat. 14 o N. Lucia, St. one of the Cape Verd iflanda, to tl.; w of that of St. Nicholas. Lon. 24 3a w, lat. i6 4.? N. LuciaiSt. a town of Paraquay, In the province of Plata, on a river of the fame name, at its conflux with the Parana, 340 m M by w Buenos Ayres. Lon. 6» 54 w, lat. 29 30 s. Lucia, St: a town of Sicily, in Val di Demona, on a river of the fame name, 18 m w by s Meffina. Luciano, a town of Spain, in Anda. lufia, 8 m WNW Ecija. , Luciano, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, 19 m w Ciudad Real. and oprn- •he inha- tiolics, and l»c govern- Th a certain le canton of land. It iB branch of |f9 the lake jfaiJtijrfs of itfrce; the engaged in lipnn goods Germany, I the Wald- al is an or- |; the centre iridgcs ibat edge of the alk of the I* top, and I a conftant ■• Liictrnis rn. Lon. 8 fadfer See. mont, in a Turin, 'er Saxony, lituate on ekrg. ithuania, in leek, 40 m Edward Ca- i tz broad, utered with with tim- 1 bays and ' the peace allotted to ken by the :en again in and again two high »nd may be ince. The )• Lon. 60 "ape Verd . Nicholas. uay, in the if the fame le Parana, . Lon. 6f the Philippine iflands, in the Pi'cific ocean. It is 350 ni long and 140 broad, befide a peninl'ula of very irregular breadth that fhoots out 180 m at the sk angle. It is not fo hot as might be expe(5ted, being well watered by lakes and rivers, and the periodical rains, which inundate all the plains. There are feveral volca- i:os in the mountains, and a variety of hoi fprings. The produce is wax, cot- ton, fiik.wildcinnamon, fulphur,cocoa- imU, rice, gold, copper, horles, buf- faloes, and game. Philip 11 of Spain formed a fchemc of planting a colony in L IT D the Philipplno iflands, which hid bee* neglcdlcd lince ihcdifcnvery ot them by Magellan, in 152 1. Matiiila, in tlii« idand, wan the It ition cliofi-n for the ca- pital of the new t (livlililhmcnt. Hence an aiStive commercial intercourt'c began with the Chi icf'e, a conliderable num- ber of whom fettled here, under the Spanifh protetJtiiti. Thefe fnpplicd the colony fo .imply wiih the valuable pro- du(5tions and mannfadtures of Afia, al enabled it to open a trade with America, by a dired couifo of navigation, more than one third of the circumference of the globe. This trade, at firft, was car- ried on with Callao, ')n the coalt of Peru ; but it was afterward' removed to Acapulco, on the coaft of New Spain. From this port formerly failed two large (hips, or galleons, annually, one at a time, at Itated periods; but latterly linaller veflels are ulcd. The fliips arc permitted to carry out filver to the" amount of 500,000 crowns, in return for which they bring back from Manilla fpices;, drugs, China and Japan wares, calicos, chintzes, muflins, filks, &c. Luconia is divided into provinces, moft of them Aibjcdl to the Spaniards ; the principal are lllocoa, Camarinas, Para- calt, Cagayan, aad Malayan ; and there are feveral othere, Pangafinan, Bahi, Ba- lacan, &c. The inhabitants area mix- ture of feveral nations, btlide Spaniards; and they all product a mixed breed, called MeR( >. The blacks have long hair, and good features; and there is one tribe, called Pintados, who prick their (kins, and draw figures on them, as they do in moft other countries where they go n~ked See Manilla, Lucrino ; fee Licola. Ludenchcid, a town of Weftphaliu, in the county of Mark, with manufaftureg of iron and cloth, 44 m k by s Du(rel- dorf. Lttd^erjlmll, a borough in Wiltfliire, which has now nomarkcit, 13 m N Sulil- bury, and 71 n by w London. Ludlow, a borough in Shrcpfliirc, with a market on Monday. It is en- connpafTed by a wall, having fevcn gates ; and has a caftle, where all bufi- nefs was formerly tranfaflc-d for the principality of Wales. This caftle and town were held for emprefs Maud againft king Stephen, and befieged by him. Edward v vefidcd here, at the death of bis father, and was carried hence to London. Arthur, prince of Wales, fon of Henry vii, held a court, and died here. Ludlow has a ftately church (formerly collegiate) and an ele- gant townhoufe. It is feated en the i; LIT T Tend, 10 m s Shrcvvfbiiry, am! 141 Nw I,ni,i!on. Lon j .» w, l;it- .15a jj n. f.u/hvit^/ltirij ;i t(»wn of' Smbi.i, in thi' • Wircm'nrif, with n..i mif.H*liir m N Stiitganl. I.tiilwi^jhiir;^, a town f)f Hither Pc- /nir.iiii.i, near tlu' U.ihic i'c.i, 10 111 ( nk Grijtfwahlc. Litirn, a town of Rnni.i, in the go- VPrnnicni of l*«terfbiirg, 011 a livcr of the fame name, 80 m s Pittilbi;rg. Lon.'ay ,19 (■ , lat. 51 4q n. Lilian, a tnwn of Rnlfiiii in the po- vcrnmint of Voionetz. litre arr iron- works and a cannon foundry l)clongiiig to th«' crown, anil artill<'ry is fent hencf by water to th« Black fca. Ir is Ic.itctl on the Donotz, at the influx of tin- Liipan, 240 m s Voron»;lz. Lon. 39 4K E, I V 49 10 N. Lujrnno, a town of Italy, capital of a bailiwic, lately belonging to the Swils cantons. It is bnilt round a gentle curve on the sw part of the lake Lugano, and hacked by an amphitheatre of hills. It is the emporium of the greateft part of the inerchaiidife th,it pafles fri)m Italy over the mountains St. Gothard and Bernardin. Moll of the houfes are built of tuftllone, and on an eminence above the town is the principal church. It is 17 m nw Como. Lon. C 48 e, lat. 45 54 n. Lugano, a lake of Italy, 25 m in length and f;om two to four in bn adth, of an irregular form, bending into con- tinual finuoHties, and in fome pl.nq^ s of an iinmenfe depth. It lies betwet n the lakes Como and Maggivore. but is 180 feet higher than either of them. It is enclofcd between two lleep mountains, covered for the moft part with wood ; but their rocky bafes frequently de- Ictnd fo perpendicularly into the wa- ter, as not to allow flielttr for a boat, or footing for a human being. Its out- let is the river Trcl'a into the lake Mag- giore. Lvgdr, or I.itde, ^ town of Weft- phalia, in the principality of Paderborn, feated on the kmmtr, 24 m nne Pader- born. Ltif^o, a city of Spain, in Galici,i, and a bifliop's fee. It was once the metro- polis of Spain, but is now chiefly cele- brated for hot medicinal fprings.' It is feated on the Minho, 50 m ene Com- poftello. Lon. 732 w, lat. 43 4 n. Luis, St. a town of Tucuman, in the province of Cordova, 140 m wsw Cor- jdova. Lon. 67 52 w, lat. 33 IDS. T. IJ X LuU~ St. a town o( New Affxiro, irj New Navarre, on the river St, .Matia, 90 tn ^ ('afigt.mde. f.iiii (le 1(1 I'm, St. a town of Nrv/ Sp.iin, Ml the ptoviticc of Mcchoacui, 1 10 Ml N by ► Mechoacan. l.uU Vjtnft, St. A city ot'Nrw Sp.iin, in Mttlio.Tcan, the fee ot an archbiihop, and the capital of ap'ovincc contain- ing rich niint.^. and all the comtortu of lite. It is alii) the feat of :in intendancy, which coniprchtiuls its N by fc; (Mianaxiiuio. Lon. 100 41 w, lat 2a 7 N. l.ui-tcheou, a city of China, of tli<» firft rank, in the province of Qijang- tong. It is icated in a fertile country, near the fea, -,15 m ."^w Canton. Lon. 109 25 K, lat. 20 f8 N. LiiUi, a fcapoi t of Sweden, i ^ \V Bothnia, wiih a gooil harbi iir Near it is a mountain of iron ere. It ftands on the river Lula, at tht; nw extremity of the gulf of Hothnia, 115 m nmu Uma. Lon n is t , lat 65 31 n. Ltimbtrton, a town of N Caiolina, chief of Uoliefon county. Itisfiuate on Drowning creek. 32 ms Fayette- villp, and 64 NW Wilmington. Lunitllo, a towii of Italy, in Mila- nel'e, vvliich gives name to a diltridt called Lumtlline, lately fubje^t to the king of Sardinia. It was formerly the refideiice of the kings of Lombardy, but is now a I'mail plan, fitnale on the G(jgna, 26 m ssw Milan. J.unati, a town of Scotland, in For- f.iilhire, fitnate on a bay of its name, at the influx of the river Lunan, 5 in saw Montrofe. Lund, a town of Sweden, capital of Sthontn, and a bifliopV ice. Ii carries on but little trade, and i» principally fiipported by its univerfity, fouiKled by Charles .\i. litre bkewil'e ife a Royal Phyfiographical Society, incorporated in ij/U. The cathedral is an ancient irregular building. It is 25 m k Copen- hagen, and 44 s\v Chriftianfladt. Lon. 13 12 R, lat. s5 4* f' Lunden, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Holflein, feated near the Eyder, 22 m w Rendfburg. Limdy, an ifland at th« entrance of the Briilol chatmel, about 12 ni from the Devonfhire coaft. It is 3 m long and a mile broad, and fupplies fowls and eggs to the inhabitants of D( von- iliirc- In the n part is a high pyramj- i\\c,\\ rnck ca ,8 w,lat. *i hunt', fc< Lumburg, the circle of \c€t to the VliiJin* Zel by the due enburg, « denburg, « and w by t Vcrden. It watered by llmenau. and forcfts, boars i but fertile Lunehurg Saxony, ci fame name are three palace, the zinc, the ; demy, and St. M'chat ancient diil this placf! fait; and it hone/, wc burg is Tea Hamburg. 10^9 E, la Lunel, i Sartmcnt Lidourle. cadine wir Lunettt county oi of the Ze by w Mui Lunevll departmei where thi kept thcit Staniflaus racks. 1 canons ii Staniflaus large libt 1801, a t here be* Lunevill the river ESE Nan 6 30 E,l: Lungi labria Greeks, Lupoi on a riv Stolpe. Lure, partmei fer a la Af '"sirn.r'n ^ ^«. AiariH, ■n of Nev/ Mtchoaciii, Nrw Spain. arihUi/hop, rcc cotifain- corrUortu oi' iiitriul.incy, " proviniv, 'tw S.intan. Tlic city of nifKlirn "'•«t and nngnifict'iu. aio. Loti. una, I) f ti ir of Qrjang- il'' coiintrv, 'ton. Loii. 'den, ii W " iir. Ntar it flarids w extremity- 's m fjNu S' Carolina, it is fr iiate 3 r'aytttc >n. h in Mila- a diltriiSt 'j<<^t to the urmcrly the nbardy, hut ale on the id, in For- ts name, at n, 5 rn saw « capital of 1 1 carries principally "on ruled by is a Royal corporattd an ancient 1 K Coptn- Jdt. Lon. 'v Saxony, "iited near ntrance of 2 m from 3 m long lies fowlg )f D( von- h pyraiiij- L U U o broad ; boundrti on the N by Urandmburg, h by Silclia, s by Hohemi.i, and w by \li(hi,i and Saxony Proper. It is divided info Up- per and Lowtr. Upper I^nfatia abounda more in mountains and hilts than the Lower, in which are many boggy a.id mooridi tradls, yet it is the moll fruit- ful. The breeiiing of cattle is v2, a town of France, in the department of Lower r.'iine, with a •* L Y r, ftrong caftir, fciictl on a mountain, i^o m N v Str.^fbilrg. l.ntt.i>i. a town of Upper S.ixnny, in Thiiiiiiiji.i, with a c.iltlf. Nfir thi» Elacc, in i^.'jt. OiiO.ivui Adolpliiu lnf( ot Swcdt'n w.m ktHi-d in :i tia'tli', at the n'oiucnt of victory. It i» Icuted on thr E'lU'-, 7 If wiw Lripzic. l.uxfmhurif, a l:i'c fhichy .mtl pro- viiici' ol' the Ni-tht ilaniln ; hoiiiKlid on the » by 'i'tcvi-H. s by I.Driain, w liy ChM'np 'jnc and Liepe, and n by l.icgr And Linhnrp. If lies in lh«* f< n-ll of Ardcuiich, and in Umwv pl.ictrs itt covered With monntain^ and woodH ; lr;iarc ihr MiilV'lU'.Sour. Onifc, and Scnioy. 1' btlm ).id to thr hoiiic «)!' Aultiia ; l)iit thf whoU' country I'loinit- ted tolhi'lMriichiu r795, and t>ii-y now lorms ihe dtparlmcnt ot Ft)r«t8. L'lxemburrr, a ftrong city ot ihi* K> thi rland', capital of tht dtpartmcnt of I'oP'li, latfiy the dncliy of Luxcm- bur^:. In 171 ^ it was pivtn to iht- Dutch, as a barrier town ; ctdid to the lioiiic of Auftria in 171s; •''nd liirrcn- dtrijil to tlif French in 179.V ll is di- vidi ll, by th»* Alfitz. into the upper and lower town-t { tl\r former almofl fur- rounii'd by r.olu, but tin* lowti It iitcd in a plai;". !• is xx m wsw Treves. Lon. 6 li F,, lat. 49 37 N. Luxeuit, a town o' Francp, in the de- partment of UpjH r Saone. Near it arc fome mineral waters and warm baths ; alio an abley, founded by St. Colum- ban, an Iriihman. It is fcaled at the foot of the Volges, 14 m nk Vcfoiii. Luzara, a ftrong town of Italy, in Mautuan near the conflux of the Crollolo \v:tl> tlie Po. Here a battle vas fontht between the Auflrians and th»' F'ench and Spuriaids, in 1702, wht'' each fidi* claimed the vi(iiory. It is 18 m s. vv Mantua. Luzcirrhci, a town of France, '' '^ town of Norway, near a lake of the fame name, i6 m nw Chrif- tianfand. Lj^gum, a town of Denmark, in ihe duqby of Slefwick, X4 m w Apenrade. T. YN Lymt, or l.i/>Mf ltei(it, .1 borouali .ind fc.iport in Dorltilbiri*, j(ovenu'd by a miyor, with a uuirket on I'rid^y. U lit ff.ited oil the tide of acrap|ty hill, nn tho river I.ymf, at the heitl ot .t little inlet 1 and tlu' harbo'M in formed by two viry thick walU, eali.-d the Cobbe It ha» a Newfound! iiiil and eoilting tradw-, and is notfd for fea-bathing. IliTr the diik'* of M' nmonth landtd, in 1685, for the execution of hin delijrn againik Jamcit II. Lyme is the bi thplact- of 'rhomap. Coiam, the btncvolni. p.itron and conirivn of the F»)undlin« hofpital. It is iH in y by s Exeter, and 14) w by s L(Miditn Lon. .1 4 w, lat. ^o 41 K. Li/>»/or^, .1 ynif of Denmark, in N Jutland, which h.ts a n.irrow entrance from the Cate^rU, and extends iK m acrofs the country, widening gradually, and forming fcveral braiuhen. The vr end is io m lon>r. and leparated from the North fea Ijy a narrow br.nk. l.f/tiin^i;t'jn, a borouph in Il.itnpfhire, governed by a mayor, with a murkct on S it'irday. It is l< atcd on a river tif its nami , a mile from tiie f>a, and the har- bour will admit veirdn of jo© tons bur- den. The chief trade is in (iilt ; and it has twd fets of biths, much Irrcpientt'd in the fnmmer. Ntar it are the re- mains of a Roman camp ; and in 1744 two urns were dilcrovertd that contain- ed nearly aoo pounds wcivjht of their coins. It is i.^ m j^w Southampton, and 94 sw London. Lon i 42 w, lat. 5045 f^- 1.1/nchburgt a town of Virginia, in lieflford county, on the s fide and near the head of James river, i jo m w Rich- mond. LyiidharJ}, a village in Hampfliire, on the N lide of the Nt w Fort ft, H m wsw South impton. Here are tlie linga houfe and Uabks, the laiicr very large ; and all the forcft couitii ',re iidd here. l.tjntt, a town ol Maflachuftts, in Eni'x county, with a conlidcrahic ma- nufadure of women's filk and cK.th fhoes. it li (J m ssw Salem, and 10 nr lioftun, Lijnnt or Lynn Rftr'ts, a borough and A-aport in Norfi)lk, governed by a mayor, with a market on Tuefday and Satmday. It has two churches; and a large market-place, with an elegant crofs. By the Onfe, and its afTociated 'ivers, it fupplies molt of the midhind counties with >. oal, timber, and wine ; and, in return, exports malt and corn in grent quantitit.s : it alfo partakes in the Baltic trade and Greenland fishery. The number of inhabitants was 10,096 in 1801, and io,-,59 in 1811. It is 4a ^ wsw N« aon I'"' /, »/-?»(, ' dcparln>. " .m 'rcli'^ '11 its R»ni lilt cdamiti •*. city in I'" I pill iliiin, I convn rc«- l.iiiied al). iinsvard n ployul in ticul.irly n worUnianl The ' bread now I •: Berg* palat Lt crmd by 4 riilty. Ji j, Khill, on till. liUitinh-t ; •>y two viry hf It h,i» »"iR tr.'ul.-, Ilirr the I, in 168^, •'Kn igi.iwk 'hpl.ici- of •'" iMtron "u hofpit.tl. '4? W by lo 41 w. "•i^k, in N w cntriMcc 'uls 18 m grjdiiiilljr, I. Tlicvr "■■it<'(I from ■rik. ffitnpfliirc, 111 rkct on n'vti of its "(I the h.ir- fons bur- •lit ; and it frr(jm.nt,.i fi/hery. 10,096 It is 44 f . Y T m wsw N»)rwith, iiid 96 m by I Lon* Uoti L 'M. o 24 R» lAt. 3a 46 K. i.i/in, .1 c'i\ ot' Frauci, capital of th<» (leparliii. 'i .)t" KhoiK. an. I tlU- de of ,111 irtlii> ilu'p. Miiy aiitn|niii •cvinfi' its K iMi ail until) ; iiul b^'Tj c .he nccnt cilainiti'i, it wan dcfiicd the dcond city in Fraiici', in benny, \\/v, and po- piilalion, I lit fii'.iiriort < I'anx in tradi'i convu rc«', and inami' i(iliir»'.« It con laiiifd ab.iv\' io.i,rJo iiili.ihit.itits, and iipwird <>t 3^,000 ot tlicin were vny- ployul ill v.iridi'i mamMubiriH, pir- ticul.irly riili Unli'-oi'lii'.' mnH vXi|uilitK vvorkniaiilhii', in filk, )H)h\, Hi^.-r. Sic- The ciiiy^ were ailornid vvit!i tna«niM- CiMit liriidiiii.'H J the iit'.nlr.il «vi'. a majtftii: gotliic «ilirtcc i and the town- houlc wan oneoftlie moll bvuitiliil in Kiirope. riu- other pniicipal piili'ic biiikbii^iweictluTXcIi in^i-.thi-'csft mh- hoi'fc, ihi' paiit'c of jiiflicf, Ijic u final, nihcjtri', a jtiiblic libr 'ly two ciillcg''*, mid two holpiiaU. 'I'hc hr'(l.,'r, wti.th uniti-Q tlu- city with the fuliiiib' de la Giiillotifn-, is 1 j6 . feet loiiji ; .md lliire arc time otli* r principal fiilxirbn, Jix gates, and feveal fine cluirc'ies. iSiich was Lv"')!! ill June .yt)]. wIumi it re- volttd rg.iinll the nati'nial ciuiventior.. lieiii).' >bligitl tofiirr. iider, in ()t.'ti>l> r, the fiu.vvnfion ().cr«-«.'d that tin' walls . id public buddiiinn iliuiild b.- di'll oy- ed, aiKJ i"r iMine of th'- city cli iivfd t) ttia^ot Vilie .vlliapcli'e. 'I'lie ciiiet's of the iiifnrKk.iitH li.id lied, but Icveial o' them weri' a'teivvard taken ; and of 35iBpi.rlI>ii;i, wlio wnt'tiietl bcfoiethi revoluiioiiiry tiibiin il, f'.Hi wtre lir'er fliot or ln'lr adid. In i;yi. hw v^r, on the deft ruction of the tatihoii of the jacohin!), the ro'ivtuion dcoitrd that the city ihould rti'ime its ancient name, and that mealiiies flioiild be taken to reltore its m iiuifa(fliiic3 and commerce. J" i7i)j), the iriiMids of thole vvhowerefo wantonly put to death in 1793 aven^jed their fate by a gent ral madjcrc of the judges of the revolutio.jary tribunal, and of all thi; jac 'bins who were tlieii confined in the prifons of Lyon. 'I'bis city in feared at the conlliix of the Saom; with the Rhone, 15 m iv Vitnnj, ami iio SK Paris. Lon. 4 49 l', hit. 45 46 n. /w/(j«.7o;j, a late pri'vince o! Wancc, lying (Jii tl;c w lide of the Sao e and Rhone, 130 m in length and 17 In breadth. Tiiis provi.nce and li-Miijolois now !orrii the department of Riioiic. Lf/fe^ a town of No-way, 8 m ssw Bergen. Lyfobyki, a town o*^ Poland, in the paiatinaic or Lublin, 20 m wnw Lublin. Lytli, a viliajjc of N Yorkfliiie, on the ftMcoafl, 4 in wnw Whiibyi noted t'ur its extcidivc .liiin wutki. M. Mithrn, n town of the kincdum of A'ei' "«, fc.itid on tlie gulf of llona, 10 in vv l\,)\\\. M.nan, ,\ t nvn of China, in an in.intl, lit the etiti.iii e of il»c bay (»♦" Cnntoii. it ii«detenili'd by f.nirf-niM The l*(>r- tiiKMilc hive b. ci' ill piirefTioii of tin; lii'b'iur linoe 1640. The inltahitaiiCdt pri:ici|)illy Chi' el,', piy a tribute fi^r the litxTy of ciio"linj; iitiir o.vn magil- tritcs. iXiMCifin,; tieir r»li);ion, and living .iccoui u;; to their own lawn; ami hei'f, aecordiii^ly, in a P irtugief"* go- vtrnor, an weU ;4i a Cliinel.* manduin, to take cut' of ih • to.vii 1 ul th. iieigh- boiiriitg country. Liiii. ii,; j; K, iat. aj u *«. .tluciirica, a ft* ip'Ut o' Di'mitia, and a In.iiop'tt lie In t!v vi m ity ire many fuhten Ul p '^'oitoi. It !•> fi ited 011 the gulf '>f Veni'j.', a', m si Spaljtru. Lon. ill 7 K, I it 4 ! -f) V. M iCiis. a ii)>v.i of IjM- o and the ci- pMal of n diflrii't, whieii nrodiiccs inuih iruit, toha CI), lii^ar ca'K'S e)tt()i,c;n- nariioii, 111 I copd .''■ IS ((.jted on on^ of the fonrct-s .f tlic Auia/on, 170 m i by t. Q Mi ». Lon. yS 45 w, lu a 40 8. V/«f/^,>, the pniKipd town 01 Cc- leb'S, vluiic* ih.iL innid is Ibrnetimes cilled Mac.lirir If is a Dutch Ictt lo- rn, lit, wi h I relJ3"(Jt ibic foit an^l p Mid liailvHir, but til'" litter is ol iliMicnlt: accei'i. Tlie houf.'S are of wood, and the r Jill's covt-ied wiili v- ry l.irge h-aves ; they lie liiiilt on thick poft , to gnard agaiiift iiuiiuiations. .ind are afceiuhd by laJders. The raj ill of the M doyoa tnbe ri fides lure, aiul piys iri'mte to tlie Dutch. The tribe employs .1 great number of firti'Pg pioas; and their conn- try abounds in flicep, cattle. Iiorfes, and goats, and pr./dnces much ric'.-. Macaf- i'ar is fe.ifed at the moiirh of a river, on theswcoaft.andat th«'i. end of thcftnit '.)f Mi.cairir, whicli fcn.iratcs Celebes froaiBorneo Lon. 1 19 49 1', lat. i, 9 s. Macck\jle!d, a lowi in Chefliiie. go- veriKil by a mayor, vviih a market on .\Jonday-. It has maiuil'iLlurejt of mo- hair, twifl:, hatbands;, buttons, and thrc.id, and mills for the winding of lilk- Here are two churchen, and a grarnnur fchool foiinded by Edward VI. The number ot inhabitants was 87.^3 in i8oi, and 12,299 '" '813. It is leated at the edge of a foreft, near the 1*1: it 1'. !■ I l,i I'l M A c; rU«r Dolin, .^6 m > Clicdn*. nn«l 167 Kwl'Otiilon. I.on. \ 17 'v, Lit.^j 15 m. Mtfi,/:i^', a town ol'Scotlaiul, in n4iifl< fltirr, uitli .iK"f"l I'liltour, on Ihi- ititt) 01 M<iii!»|. tl iit\ \ht N liy S«r'i.i Miitl (iul^.tri,!, K tiy Hormiii.i ,iiul X\w Arcliipt-lajSo, h hy Liv.'uii.i, ;inil w 1>/ Atb:(i!i.i. The loll \* tor llic tiiull {i.i cipal ^aW is built in tlic foim uf a tii- innpli.il ..rch. Iti 1797 it w is taken by the French. It is llMtnl on .1 hill, by the rivrr Chiciito, aims by w Aiicuna. Lon. 1,1 S7 K, lat. 43 io n. Machaiii, a town of IVrii, in the iudi<-ncc ot (jiiito. The environs pro- dncc j;re.it c|iiantitic»ot"cxci'l!tnt cacas ; alto gre.'t niiinbrrii of huge mc.ti^TOve- trees, the w{K)d of which is very dur- able, and lo hiavy at 10 Unk in water- It flands near the bay uf Giiaya(|uil, 80 m s Guaya(]uib Alaclteccult a town of France, in the department of Lower Loire, Icatcd on llie Ttnii, 20 m sw Nantes. Macherri/t <* town of HindooQiin, in the connlry of Mewat, 70 m ssw Deliii. Mac/iia, a town of Naples, in tho county of Molile, la m sw Molife. i!/ a ctnici (lAtcd on an «mt« notice nr.ir the river Ayr, 9 m »nk Ayr. Muthj^nUih, a town of Wain, in Mnntt;omirylliire, with .1 marki-t en W'edtietdayt leat»'d un the Dyli, ovir whikli ii a bridge into Mctiontlhlhirc. ■,7 m w Ntont){uincry, and J07WNVV L« don. MtiiOH, or Miii'mH, a town of Franci*, capit.il uf the dipartmiiit of S.ionr and Loire, lind lately a biihop'H fee It it (1 libi.itcd for KootI wine, anil fcittd on the I'ulc ut a hill, n«..ir the Saonc, },\ m N Lyon, .vnd iHtl «r Paris. Lon. 4 48 i» l.ii. 46 :o s. M,ifin An fm\. )m r.NB Ayr. ' ";.irk.t en ''yn, «tvrr ■••orullijhirc. '' 307 VVNW ". "f rr.inc<», "' ii.uinr .iritl ,'*«'c It i. "«I K'.iitil on '•'""t, .?< m •'•"4 4«l, " 'I K"i"'of .in. Ji^.f,. ^■■>trc and '■"Midi of '.10 in ic .1^> tfi N-, liiid ofHio ^•' I.iv.idi.i, "' K, Ut. 'it', in eho '"t c.iaic. '■ ^vara of '" « neat •-• SulLiric, '«. in t/i« 1 sw Shi- 5 V. ^'Kcu'/ca, J in the llie Por. nics K of 1 which Mo/am. N to s, J- 'ihe numher upward >S who fimonly It'xion, 'Ihtir nd for ii- nofe y have ic3 or Hj»f>s a Their win- d's co- - that ive a I' rapt MA n foun*! thrir mid.ilr I hut >He cnnmon fort huvr fciircc nin'u-irnt to UhW ihi-lr iiii'ii ilnclt. Biith men 4nil wuniin.iir fonil of t)r.iccli'tii, nrcklaccn, aid r.ir riniit Thfir ordinary ((hkI onliOi of \\vr, bc.mi, pr.tt y ini«i nil, rniit, c>ib* Imkc** b<'cf, tnitiion, K"*'"* p'Xiliry, fiiht .It'll piircup'ncs. Tiir 11. ih ot lidgi i* only i.itcn hy huiitcM .ind tlit'ir f,imilifii I aiui Ki>i;(«^'>'> K'<'cii l<'avi-ii. f^trlic, an havr liuU' kiiowlnltcc of eum*ricrc«*i and i-xch 'n^c arnnnx thnn- frivfit gooili for ^((o U g lid ,iiid lilvcr coiiiN '•ri.n)iht liy Eiiropraii* ar*' ini- ini'diitily nultfd down for ornami'iiti, jind no cinrcncy of coin is tUdililhcd. Thfrt* arr a grt-at many pt-ity kingi, wliore richci coidlfl in c.ittir and Hivcm, and lliiy arc aUavi at war wiih cAch othiT. It ih hard to lay what their rf- 11^1011 is, for th«?y liavr ntithcr churches nor pricfla. 'liny have no rulei re- li'iiig to marriix«' ; tor the mtn and wotnt'n roh.tljit together Ijr fomi- time, and thi*n leave lach othir .is freely a>:ain. Here arc a ureat inimlier «)f lo- cull^t crocodil' s, caniricoDii. and olht'r anitn.ilH common to Air ca, but no 1 !••• phants, t'grrs, lions, nor horli'H. Inlct'tii an- mimcnnis. and m itiy of ihcm troii- bl<-(bm«' ll'fidf the proiliiotn already mt'iitioned, the country yicKlH fcvcial furts of gninn and homy ; as ullo mint** rals and pr< emus (tones. Thrrc an* only foine pailHof tho cu.ilt yet kiumn Th«' chief fettlcmcnt on the k oalt ia I'ort Dauphin, and the pi. ice mod vilitcd by 1\k' Europ»'ans is 1 am.itnvt>. Madain \ fi'C MoJiiin- Madalena, u rivi-r of Terra Firma, which rd'tJ in the mountains to the k of Popayan, takos a northerly courfe of above 600 m, and etiicrs the Caribi an fea, by fiveral months, between Car- tha^cna and St. Martha. Madeira, an illand in the Atlantic ocean, .57 in long and 11 hroid, and 150 N by K ot fcneriir Thi' Portufiueli'dil- covered this ill I'nl in 1419. which thi-y found uninhaiiiu'd and ccw<'n d with wood, and on that account called it Madeira. Prince Henry, the next year, fettled a colony iierc ; and not only furndhf'd it with plants and domeflic ntiini.iN, hut procured flips of the vine from Cypru;;, .iiid plants «it the fupar- cane Iroin Sicily 'liiele tliiove fo prof- peroiilly, that the w vv Id ure in the WIU I til' I'l d^ei irr motlly formed ot ihf myrtle, role, i if«nin, and ltoney« fiu kle t and Ihe l.nMpur, fhui'delir,, lupin, iic. fp< I'g up iponnnrouny in till nifu!fiv\% I h« e .ne fi w Mputen to Ik feen in the illaii I 1 the li/a'd is the mufl cimmun. Canary bird and g ,IJ« finchfi are found in the rroiin aint. Hog.* art- the toml moll reliihed i they arc liiH'ered lo ranj;e anions the ni. uii- taini, and are hunted and caught by Jogi. Salted cod is iniportC'l front Amtrici, and is the chiet diet of the p or. Madeira in well wati red aiet po. piiltiiiH. The ({ritilh taiiloty lettled in the. dl ind coidi.tg 1 f npvv.uil of twrniy commercial houfes, and h.ive conlnler- iil'ily mue of its trade th in the I'ortu- S.le. In 180H, ii fnrreiuUrt d, con. ilionally, to the F.n^lilh. Funch.il ii the C.I pit. d. Miidelif Markit a town in Shrop. (liiic, with a ui.irLet on Friday, hclj at the U)ot of lolehiook D.ile bridge. Heie are lome ironworks ; and .1 work for obtaining fuflll tar, from the fm.ike of co.il. It is 9 m N litidgcnorih, pnd 147 ^w Lon, on. M.idhti^iri, .1 town of Ilindooftan, in Myfo e, with a ftrong hill lort. In the vicinity much iron is fmclted. and a great number of cittfe nro bretl It i« le.tied umid hillH and fertile vallics, %im K Str.i. Madian, or Median, a town of Arabia Petri .1, on the t fule of the «'ilLrn arm of the Ru|t r<»tiH»'i>lc*i with open |>«)rlicniit ami fill root'iti And (* w ot' ihrrtt ••xccrU nnr llonr. 'i lie innrr AiMrtnunli of the liour<'4 .in* ntit (!• i oi.itcd, prcliittlnK to tlir cyr only wl)i(i> w ilN | whii'hi linwr»cf, from llir rti.irblr.likc .ippi'.ir* Riu'c nt' the lliirco, give .1 riclliii«-|ii gr ttrfiil ill fo ht»t ;i founiry. Ccilliii ari« vrry uncommon in llw ronmiii hi in^ itiipiillililc to riiiil nny wliicti will iilill the r.iva};t» of t lie wlilie ant* Oppoliu* the w lK!c of the fort I1 m biir.ickt lor the l>>Uiicr« when ott'ittMrd ( nnd AilJoininK ii U a cunvk'nifiit hoi'< pit.il. At tin- other cud ol ehe b.ur.i»'k IN .1 mint, whrii' the Coinp.inv coin };ol«l aiu! filviT. The wholf i« fur- roiiiultil hy ^ lliong wall,.iii(l »lcfcntlid l>y h.atrrim, h.inioiii, \c. welt riipplitd with ctninit), Uuiiii. niul other ncct f- J iticH, The Hl.ick tiiwii, which in alio w.illi-.l .iial fiiitil'icil, is iiihahittd by (i*'iitoo.i,M ihanu-daiiK, Aiintiiiaiin, .nd Ji-ws. The (hi « ts an" wide, with trees planted in Ionic of thiin, which aftord duller fronj the Inn. Some of the houlciiare of buck; the n (I ar^- mean cotta^iK in «xtfrnnl appe.iraiKv-, Sut all within \\ nt-it and dcci nt. the ci ttled hy thf Eng- lifl) abont die year 1640. it was taken Ly tht? rrcncli in 171^, but rrilored in »748. 'I'he prelent fort, erciled fincc llio dediiKMion of Tort St. David in 17158, is one of tlie I'cd fortrflTci in the polli tHon of the I'liitilti. It id 290 m K by s Seriiigapat.ini. Kon. 80 29 k, lat. 1.1 .I N. Slotlir (it Dhs^ an ifland in the Pa- cific off'an, near the coalt of Ritagonia, 180 in ill circnnifcrcncc. I.on. 4: o w, lat HI o s, Miitirr lie Po/>.it ."X town of 'IVria Firnia, wi'Ii a cclchr.it.'d convent. It h\ much rcl()rted to by piljirirnr; and they pn tend that tlie io'ape of the Virgin has clone a gnat many iniraclcc in favour of fealaring peoj)lc. It is feattd on the AJadelena, .r,o m V. Cirthap-'na. MiulriJ, the capital of Spain, in New CalHIc It was tornierly an inconlidcr- ahle place, belonging to the arclibilhop of Toledo; but the purity of the air engaged the court to remove hither, nnd it is iiuw the largcll and Bnell lit'ing liilint down in I7.t(, another w.i« crccttd on a Luge fcile : eaih front it M A 1) town in the kingdom \ but it< U»m of f ovrrnmeni dties not ndmit it to bf> trinicd « ciiy. It cotitaliu 77 churcln «, 66 corivcnii, if ipilei of iMnitr, ami about 14K 000 inhAhilanti. The hoiifcii aw'nt'lMy built of iKine; the tlrrri* /ire long. Iiroid, and llraight, and .uloti id, ni pr«>p<'i dlltanerl,vviihhandf.iiiii' totin- laini. There arc above ico loweri or Itirplc* in difli 'int pl.ice<, which ton- tribute gic.itiy to the einb»lli(bii»rnt ol the pl.iee It (l.inda in a pUirt, lur- rounded hy mountain*, and h4« a high wall biiilt nf mild. Thi* royal palace fciie : rail 47 fit r long and 10 ) high, ft in the fmiare t ot the m ftan and 27 9 55 N- Modii 75 "* '"' of the iltiii it of the p who w* verned tile, dv is of i coaft> ' Mite and a( foeur. It con fro/eii tcr, a catiov parts holm Mi thee near alfo flooi with roar fcari ratt tent wit fori roc " 't« furm "•it ii lo U*- • » Imrili, ,, '"'"«•• «ni| 1 tirtett ATI' !•'• uiorrit'd, '•"inc (nun- ' loMfCfi or w 'lii'i con- ''< llidimrnt pli.ri, (iir- '' •« ii high '> •! pilucc "•'tlicr W4« t'l front it •thiUhli Uw «"OIM|. >•• i. filfffl (•)i'i tinny • '<•l home il«' from pN'af.int t'ommon icr royal pltafant r. there I'-ponds, II it ages: 1 ('hina. of chi. it hat by tlic ittd oti though nificeiit i»l wa> iHurat, •rancc; •ntiTcd ifurpcr nidcnt 1 them means 'Wing, -e, to i«ia, c city t and army igeof pir p.ii .1 l)cll. ^1 A I'. Borgot. In iRi.i, iltr I'm iich fvariiatPi} Itic city oil May jK, aiiiI on Jtnii' \ it «v4i ciitirnl by the alllri. M.ulilil U lA.) m tit. Lifhon, and 6»j »w l'.irli. Lou .< 54 vw,l.it. 40 1.5 H. Mtn/riti, Stw, 4 low II of T.ouIfluii| ctipit.il of a frtiKnii'iit. v^hiob, fiom it! fltUAtioii, ia likt ty to brc oiiic it pl.ici< of ffrriit trjdC' It ix fr^tcd on the Mil* limppii 50 m below the inrtnl of llic Ohio, .ttid - )0 wiiw I'rinkfort, in Ken* till It y. Loii. 8g 4^ w, lit . MtiJrijfal, u tovMi t»f 'firra Firma, in the pruvinrr of i't>p.iyail| i \'j n\ t by I. I'oDiyan. Lou. 7545*, lal. ']o n, Miulri/i«, a tuwn of Italy, in I'ruilii jo m N Vcmif. Matlroi(aut thrcipit.il of Mociranjr*, with a IpMciom roy.il pal;ic<* 'I'lif up. part of the hciifiM it in the lli.ipe of I MaJuni, ,\ town of llindooltan, ca* pital of a province of the fame name, in th«! C.irnatic. It is eortificil with fiuiari? tottcriand parapi-ti, and bii ont* or the moft luprrb pagodas in Ilindoo- ftan. It i» I ,0 m nni< Cape Comorin, and :7(j hsw .Madias. Lon. 7H 11 K,lat. V 55 N • Miidina, nn illand in thi- Indi.m ocean, 75 m lung and la bro.i fiolm. MaeljJrom, a dangerous whirlpool on the coaft of Norway, in IM n I.u. and near the iilaiid of Moikoi-, whence it is alfo named Molkocftrom. When it is flood, the flrcam runs up the country with a boiderous rapidity ; but the roar of its impetuous ebb to the Tea is Icarcely equalled by the loudeft cita- rails. The whirljiool is of fiich an ex- tent and depth, that if a * turn of the rbb .tud II • >•(, unJ c«lin «»•' ithvr \ they lift ImiI t iiuarivr of dit hour, Its violfficc gr.idi<.tl|y rriurititif • Wlivn the fireiim U moll UtiUer us, aiul l'» luty hnglttriird by » llorm. vilT l« hive luiii rrachid by It At ihe dillittc* of five mlici Maerna, • town of Crrm^iiy, in 'If* rol, n m wnw Tirnl. Maat.'/i, » tos^n of the N> Ihfrlinds. In ihr lirritory uf Liege, oil thi* river MeuC', 10 m *>w llurtinondr. Miif/lfinJjIiiti, I town of M Ilollandt neir tie utoiith of the Mcule, 10 m w Kwitin'im Maf/hithl,u city of the Nctluil.in U, ftboui'4 in in tuumffreiiif, featfd <>« the Ml ufc, oppil'iic NVycL, with whicii it communicatei by allonrbrldgf. The niindier of iriliabit.'°>t'« i* eiliiiiitted at iHoco. It h..« fiui lon^ llrt I'll, iii-oiy ehunh'S .md coiive;!-, « eolltge for- merly bi'lori,!ii)g t>» ihf jcliiiM, a couii- cibhoiiCc with its liltriry, and manufaC* tiires ot cloth and flu- aimi. Near it it the lofty iiiouti'.iin of ^t. Peter, with a fortri'fK ( atiil a Hone (|uarry. with fuch a niiiuber of fulitcrran'.ui pall'^es an to be c.ip.il)l<' of coiitaliiin|{ 40,000 p<'rfoni. Thcothi-rfoititlcatioiH.uol liie fit nation of Mai itricht are fuch, that it inlc<*mcd oiH' of the llroiigelt pi ten in I'.urope. This eity rcvolud from Spain in 1.570, and was ri'aken by thi' princf of Parma in i,?7'). Ill i6.ji,thc prince of Orange n ducrd it aftir a memorable fiige, and it was conlirmed to the Dutch in 1648. Lewis XIV took it in i'7.^ ; Willi.un prince (tf Orange iuvtib'd it in vain, in fiTd ; but, in 1678, it was reiUirtd to the Dutch In 1748, it wan beficgi'd by the rri'nch, who were permitted to t ikf pod' Hiou of it on coiulition of its bciii;,' reftored at the peace then iic- goiiating. At the commencement of 179^ it was unfucctfHfully atticked by tli'j I'rench, but they became m.illerrt of it toward the end of the follovying year 5 and it is now the capit.il of the dtpirtiTit-nt of Lower MeutV. It is 14 m NNK Liejic, aiul 58 k Brufl'.li. Loii, 5 4^ I'.. I It. 50 4'; N. Miif/n, a town of Portugal, in Ef- trtma.liira, with .1 college founded in 1772. Ni-ar this plac-, in a (andy and barren fpot, John y i redtcd a building of extr.aordinary masmlici-ncc. This was done in purCuanc of a vow, made in a dangerous fit of illiici':. to found a convent for the ufi' of t!'e poorelt friary in the kingdom ; which was found at Mufra, where twelve Frau- i ■ ,. * t. r , M A (} MAG t'fcnns lived tnfjitltT in a liiit. Tlip which it his an cafy commiinicatlorf town is liaicd near the fta, i8 ni nwv with Hamburg. It was taken hy llornii L'fbnn. in i6.^t, by thr Auftriaim, wl)o burnt Ma^nJi, or Mai^hery. a town of the town, except the c.ithedraf and a H'ndoDrtiiii, in Mylorv, ft-atcd ii< a hil'y few honf;s, in exclianpe northern land in Europe. It isfeparated for gold, ivory, wax, and other commo from the continent, on the s, by a nar- dities. Lu.i. 46 a.? »-> lat. a 10 n row channel ; and its n extremity is an Magdalen I/lands, a group of feven CMorinouH rock, cdled North Cape, fmall ifles, in the gulf of Si. Lawrence, Lon. 25 57 e, lat. 71 16 N. lying NE of the k point of liie ifland of Muggiare, or Vcrbano, a lake lying St. John. They arc inhabited by a i'-w principally in the duchy of Milan, in families, whcfe chief liipport is derived Jtaly, and the n extremity in the can- from fifliing. * ' -i.- r,- r,- • « .^ . . . . Magdaknay a river of Louiliana, which fifes in the mountains that fepa rate Louifiana from New Mexico, and runs into the Pacific ocean, to the sw of the bay of St. Lewis. Magdeburg, a duchy of Germany, >n the circle of Lower Saxony^ bounded with orange and lemon trees, and laid on the N and h by Brandenburg, s by out in gardens and pleafure grounds. Anhalt and Halberlbidt, and w by The mountains on its banks have an Brunfwick. It is divided into four cir- intermixture of vineyard and foreft, clesj Holz, Saal, Jerich, and Ziefar. and the chain is frequently broken by The country is in general level, and the • ich intervening plains and expanfivc parts tbat are not marfliy and over- vallies. grown with wood are very fertile. Mughera, a town of Ireland, in the 'I'he fait Iprings are of fuch richneli^, county of Londonderry, 28 . tst that they can iiipply all Germany with LMidondeny. ton of Ttflin, in SwifiVrland. It is 36 ni long and 4 broad, but 7 whore a branch on the w fidetxtends tothe Nw. The river Teflino runs s through its whole len^^th ; and in the wideft part are the celebrated B rromcan ifles, three in number; which are covered fait. This duchy belonged to the king of Pruflia, but by the treaty of Tillit in 1 8^7, he gave up that pari ly-ng on the left ^\i^Q of the Elbe. Magdeburg, a fortified city, capital of the duchy of the fam.e name. It has MaglurafJt, a town of Ireland, in the county of Londonderry, with a coiifi.urahle linen manufacture, 17 m w Antrim, and %b tsh L .ndondcny. Magia, a livor of SwifTerlatid, in the canton of Tefliii, which runs s, with a handfome palace, a citadel with a fiiie rapidity, ihrongh a narrow valley of its arfenal, and a magnificent cathedral, which contains the fnperb maufoleum of Otho the great. The inhabitants are computed at. 16,000. Here are ina- nufadtures of cotton and linen goods, ftockings, gloves, porcelain, and to name, and enters the lake M;«ggiore, near Locarno. Magia a town of SwifTetland, in the canton of Teflin, on the river Magia, 10 m NNw Loi-arno. Magliano, a town of Italy, capital bacco; but the principal are thofe of of the province of Sabina, feated -.n a woollen and fi'k. It is well fituate for mountain, near the 'I'iber, 28 m N trade, 011 the left bank of the Elbe, by Rome. Lon. 12 35 e, lat. 42 25 ». thigiuv Italy, in the lake Venice, 3 Magnijl paitmcnt Paris. Magot ■■ lanefc, at which by that of M| d'OIToIa, Magra, in the Apl Parma, aiT Sarfana inl Mahalel of Carbial trade in 111 niac; and) hatch chi 30 N. Ma/ian. which r't croflcs O Bengal, b tack. Tl blage of Ic mouth of Falfe Poir Cajung ot Mahdic Ma he, ! lubar, tak by the Eti of the C province. arc the cl greater p. the count fituate oil a river, 5 MahlL Suabia, it Mahm flian, in < Malm in Benga Mahot the cour now, anc Malt 01 SE end called P long, ar the wor 7000 inf ier of r of the Lon. 4 Ma/ir Hindool froiji W \ % ^mmiinicatiofr 'if" l>y fioim. R, wlio hiiriit ''ftlraf and a id rnafftcnrd i''l A U' w 3i 11 Ih : Mi i :ij W. I -4 if MA F and 944.^ in i8ii It is fcitcd on the Mcilway, ovc\ wliicli is h britlgc, ao m w Caiittrbiiry. and 34 ksk I.uiidtjn. L«m, c .jB I . i.it. .s I 16 N. iMailcott't/, a lofty fortrefs of Hln- do< ftan, ill Mvforo, mid oiif of the mod ccltbrattd places of Hindoo wor- ftiip The lirgf tcmi.'lf is a fqiiari? building of gnat (iimt'Dlions, and the jewels bt*l.)n}.int: to it ire very vaiuablc. Here, in 1772, Ilyder was compit'tcly rotitec? by the Mahrattas. It is 17 iti n Seringa! patam. Maii/fxaijf a town of France, in the department of Vendi'e, Hated in an illand formed by the Seure and Autlz<', 7ms FoiUenay le C'omie, and zz s 1: Rochclle. Maina, a feaport of European Tiir key, in Morca, which gives name to a mountainouH diftiitfl that lits betwten two bays of the Mcdiierr.inean fea. Its prodndfs are oil, fdk. gall-nuts, Iioi.ey, wiix, cotton, and kcrmcs ; and conli- derable quantities of wool and raw liidi'S are exported. The Mainotti could never be fubdued by the Turks, on account of their vigilance and valour, ard the defiles of their mountains The town js featcd on the se part of the bay of Coron, 46 m s by w Mifitra. Lon. S3 TO H, lat. 36 34 N. ^'ainbinfr, a town of Bavaria, fituate on die Ainbs, 18 m ese Ingoldftadt, and ;^a nnk Munich. 3i(ii,'ie, a diftrift belonging to the ftate of MalFachufets, joo in lung and 100 bioatl ; boimciet' on tlie nw by the high laiid.-, which ieparite xht- rivtis that flow into the St. Lawnnce and thofc thai fl t\v into the Atlantic; on the t by the river Sv- Crr ix, and a line drawn due n fiom its fourc* to the laid high lan-tR, which ('ividc;: '.his ter- ritory ;iT,ir New r.rtinl" ick ; on the 6E iiy tiic Atkuitic; and on the why New H..r?ipi})iie. It is divided into fiveconntie, York. Cuii^berland, Lin- c».'in, Hr".cock, and Wi>fliington. The cl'ifi"'-iver •..rtht. pcnoWfcof, Kennebec, Soco, /.ndioicoiigiu. 't John, ruid St. Croix; and it has fevn.'^.! fmj.ll lakes. Though an devatid iradt, it cannot be cali< d n;ountairou!!, and a great pro- portU/U of thi la; d' are arable and ex- ceedingly fertile. Hops are the i'pon- taneitr; growth of this country. The trees are white pine, fprucc, maple, bcec'i, white and giiy oak, and yellow bird: ; thi ft-, as fliip timber, boards, and every fpeciei of fpiit lumber, are the pviiicipal txports of the country. Tl:.: • n in fum.vi-r is intenfe, and the cole in winter extreme ? all the lakes MA J and rivers are ufu.'lly p.afTaMc on ice from ChriRm istiil th«' midcfle of March. In 1810, tin- numl'tr of iiihahita' t capii.i'. MciiKf. a late province of Franci-, boiiiiocd (^n the N l.y Normandy, K by Orleanois, s by Tounine and Anjoii, and w by nn.'i.i>'ne. If now fotii.s the departments of Mayer ne and Savfi-. Maine, a river of Gc:rmaiiy, which rifes in Fianconia, (lows bv Bamberg, \^'tir /burg, AfchafTcnburg, f l.mati,and Frankfort, anJ joins the Khine a little above Mf-nlz. Maintiuen. Mainland, the larv'cft a d moll: fouthein ol the Shetland ide', 60 m long and in fome plac.--. 16 brcKid ; but it projicfts into the fca wiili many ii- regnlir promontories, and is indented by numerous bay:i and harbours. Tiie face of the country exhibits a profpfift of black crat;);y mountains and marlhy plains, interlperlcd w'th I'ome vt rdant fpots, which appeir Im'iOth and fertile. Neither tree nor flirub is to br fern, ex- cept the juniper and the heath. The mountrtins abound with various kinds of game. Lofty clifTs, impending over the ocean, are the haunts of eagKs, falcons, and ravens. The deep caverns unm lee an ac- count under the article Uhuloojian. Malacca, or Malaya, a ptninrula of Afia, containing leveral petty king- doms ; bounded on the n by Siam, e by the ocean, and sw by the ftrait of Malacca, which feparates it from Su- matra. It is 560 m in length, and 150 in breidth. The chief commodities for trade are tin and elephants teeth ; but there are a great many exci.^llent fruits and roots, pepper and other ' fpiccs, with fome precious gums and woods. The pineapples are the beft in the world ; and the cocoa nuts hfive fliells that will hold an Englilh c^uurt. There is but litde corn, and ftieep and oxen arefcarce; but hog« and poultry are plentiful. The Malays are rather below the middle ftature, their limbs well fhaped, but particularly llendcr at the wrifts and ancles. Their com- plexion is tawny, their eyes large, their nofes rather flat, and their hair long, ' black, and fliining. They are fond of navigation, war, plunder, emigration, adventures, and gallantry. Titty talk inceflantly of their honour and bravery, and fpeak the lofteft language of Afia ; yet they are deemed the moft treacher- ous ferocious people on the face of the globe. Their religion is a mixture of Mohamedanifm. The inland parts are' pofleflid by a favage and barbarous peo- ple, who take delight in doing mif- chief to their neighbours. Malacca, a leapovt and the capital of a kingdom of the lame name, in the peninfula of Malaya. The Portuguefe had a fettlement here, which was taken by the Dutch in 1640 ; and it was taken from them by the Englifh in 1795. Malacca is feated on the ftrait of itit name, 4R0 m se Acheen. Lon. 103 5 E, lat. a iz N. Lii.;.:i. ^tx}-H mm ft H i ii ^ ■■ : i ■, •^ Vf )i I* \ri 4 ^1 . ( I J Jill',* w |: 'fl I ! I i i\ I .! M AL ^tnlaf^a, n city of Spain, in Orunada, and a bilhop's r of a race Ma'o i-i li-.m-d on iin ifiatid, unitrd to totally di(tini5l from thofc of flu Fririuf- ly and Society illituN Titir fmm, hiigiMKe. and m i ,.i rs, aur widely diC- fcri'fit. Tlicy ft tin to corr(.ipond in n'any particulob \Mtli the natives of New Giii"tM, p iriicijl,, 44 in NNvr Keniiix. Lon. a a vv, jat. 48 ^y »<. '^lalojaiojiuui, a tnw!i ot kutria, in the vovt-rnment or Ka!u.i:a. H* r.- was a dr-Cpir.ni' battle on October 24, 1812, in '\i.icli ihe French were drfeattd, on 111 ir retreat trorti Mof.ow; tlie lovvn was t.ilvtii and rclal.m i| vi n times, and (iiially burnt to idh-F. It is ^6 ni k ivaliij,'i,and 66 sw Mcfcow. Mulpnrt'ulay a town of Spain, in Ef- tremaduri, 24 m w Tiuxillo. 2Ialpiat •'» town i;i Chcfhire, with a market on Monday, feited on a high hill, near the river Dee, 15 m se Sandwich Harbour. Lon.' 167 53 E, lat. 16 7.5 3. Mailing, WfjJ, a town In Kent, with a market on S.ituiday, 6 m w Maid- ftone, and ao e by s London. Mallow, a boiouph of Ireland, ir, the county of Cork. Here are condderable linen maiuifatftures, and a fine fpringof tepid water. It fends one member to parliament, and is feated on the IJlack- water, i7mNNwCork. _ ., „ Maimed^, a town of theNetherlandd, villages, and has leveral good harbours in the territory of Liege, with a Bene- on the conft oppoiite Sicily. The port diiftine abbey, and fome miner.il iprings of St. Paul, toward the ne end, is fo equal to thofe of Spa. It is feated on called from a tradition that thevtflel ia the Recht, 13 m s by e Limbnrg. which St. Paul was fent prifoner to iWia/wo, a fortified leaport of Sweden, Rome was wrecked on the n point of in Schonen, with a large harbour and a its entrance. The ifland is divided into ftroiig citadel. Jt has fine ftreets, and two very unequal parts; the one to the f'Unoiis for a vidtory gain''d over the French, by the duke of Mulborongh, ill 1709, and fometimes called the battle of Blaregnies, from an adjacent vill ij;c. Malj'efena, a town of Italy, in Ve« ronefe, 18 ni nnw Verona. Malta, an ill ii.d of tlie Mediterra- nean, bet^" ten Africa and Sicily. 60 m s of t! e latter, and the mod loiiiheni illaiid in Europe. It is 20 m long and 12 bio. id; contains two cities and 2% nianufa(51ure8 of woollen ; and is feated on the Sound, 10 m sw Lund, and 18 K by s Copenhagen. Lon. 13 7 e, lat. 55 36 N- Malm/as t a town of Sweden, in Sudermania, 33 m wnw Nikoping. Malmjbury, a borough in VViltfttire, with a market on Saturday, and a woollen manufaflure. Here was for- merly a large abbey ; and at the end of the cemetery are two ancient churches. It is feated on a hill, almoft furrounded by the Avon, over which it has fix E, the other to the w, of the old city. The weftern part, which is the fmallelt, has no villages, and little land capable of cultivation, but it abounds with odo- riferous plants, and has confiderable falt-works- The other part, containing two-thirds of the iiland, is fertile ; and here are cultivated large quantities of cotton, lemons, alntonds, ulive», and vines. The number of the inhabitant? is faid to be 90,000. The common people fpeak Arabic, but the better fort Italian- Emperor Charles v, in 1526, bridges, z6 m e by n Brirtol, and 96 w gave this ifland (with the fmaller one of London. Gozo) to the order of St. John of Jeru- Malot St. a feaport of France, in the falem, or knights of Rhodes, who re- department of Ille and Vilaine, and moved hither in 1530, and hence they lately an epifcopal fee. It has a large ar^ now called knights of Malta- The harbour, difficult of accefs, on account iflaiiJ is extremely well fortified; the of the rocks that furround it ; and is a trading place, of great importance, de- fended by a ftrong caftle. It was bom- barded by the Englifli in 1693, but without fuccefs. In 1758, they landed ditches, of a vaft fize, are all cut out of the folid rock, and extend many miles. See Citta Vecchia, and yialeita. Malton, New, a borough in N York- fhire, vvith a market on Saturday. IIer« in Cancalle bay, w«nt to the harbour by are three churches, and fome «onlider- aFa ; :i,,f' "sJlTBl fi •i-i 1-^ / i 'i n ^ i^ if ivli • I ■■'#r- m M A L able rtmalns of a monallery. It ih Hat- ed on the Derwent, over whicli is a Hone bridgf to the village of Old Mal- ton, iH m NE York, and 213 n by w London. Maltoy, a town ^f Hindooftan,in the country of llt-nr, fciited at the fouicc «if the Tapfyi 6fl m nw Nagpuur. Loii. 78 57 •■'. l'«t- a» 4» N Maha, or Mallaoilw, a river of R;ir- bary, which hus its rife in the dtftit, and flows n into the Mediterranean, feparating the kingdoms of AlgierB and Fez. Thirteen miles from its mouth are three uninhabited idAnds, be- tween which cualling vcflcls may lie i« fafi'ty. Malva/w, a iaiall ilk'nd of Eiiropran Turkey, on the e coaft of Murca, celebrated for its rich wine, call»:d Malm fey. See I^upoli tli Mol'vafia. MalverHf Great and Little, two til- lages in Worcellcifliire. The former is 8 m w by s Worceltcr, and had once an abbey, of which nothing remains but the gateway of the abbey, and the nave of the church, now parochial. The latter is fcated iii a ':avity of the Mal- vern hills, three miles from Great Mal- vern. Henry vii, his qu'^en, and his two fons, were fo delighted with this place, that they adorned the church with painted glafs windovrs, part of which remain, though in a mutilated ftate. Between Great and l.ittle Mal- vern are two noted chalybeate fprings, one of them called the Holy Well. Malvern llillj, a range of hills in the sw of Worcefterfliire, extending from N to s about ; m, and dividing this part of the county from Herefordfliirc. The higheft point is 144+ feet above the level of the fea ; and ihcy appear to be of limcftone and quartz. On the fum- mitof one of thefe hills, are theimmenfe works of the Herefordlhirc Beacon, oiie of the ftrongeft hill fortreflfes in this ifland ; its conilrudlion is afcribed to the Britons, as a place of permanent fecurity for a whole diftrid, with all their pofrefllons, in cafe of any fudden emergency. Malung, a town of Sweden, in the province of Dulecarlia, 55 m w Fahlu.. Lon. 15 20 t:, lat. 60 3* n. Malwa, a province of Hindooftan, bounded on the vv by Guzcrat, n by Agimere, e by Allahabad aad Orifla, and s by Candeilh, It is one of the moft extenfive, elevated, and diverfified trads in Hindooftan, and divided nmong the chiefs of the Poorah Mah- rattas. Ougoin aud Indore are the principal towns. M A N MulxfcUt n town of France, In the de- partment of Lo7.ere, ao m n nw Mende. Mmmurt, a town of Fr.'»nce, in the department of S.irt\', fealed on the Dive, 14 m w Dcllcfine. Miimora, a town and fort of the kinj^dom of Ftz, featcd on an errinence on I lie s bank of the Seboo, near it:^ imi- trance into the Atlantic. The inhribit- ants fiiblilt chiefly by filhing for llieblv I, a fpocies of falnion, of which they taku an incredible (|uantity . It is 1 5 m n n k bailee, and 90 wnw Fez. Man, an illand in the Iridi fea, 30 m long and 12 broad. It contains 17 panflicsj and the chief towns arc Caf- tletown, Douglas. Peel, and Ramfcy. The air is htalihy, and the f()il pro- ducts more corn than is fuflicicnt to maintain the inhabitanis, who are de- nominated Manks, and cdimated at nuir.' than 30,000. They have a bilhop, culled the- biihop of Sodor and Man ; but he has no feat in the Briti(h par- liament. The commodities of the illand arc wool, hides, butter, tallow, black marble, flate, limeftone, lead, and cop- per. Some raanufadlures of coarfe hats, cotton goods, and linen cloth, are carried on in different parts ; but the principal trade anf-Q from the herring filhcry. The duke of Athol was lord of this ifland, the fovereignty of which he fold, in 1765, to the crown. It is 17 m s Scotland, 37 N Wales, 27 w England, and 47 E Ireland. Manaar, a fmall ifland in the Indian ocean, on the nw fide of Ceylon. From this ifland a reef of rocks runs over to the continent of Hindo«(lan, called Adam's Bridge, which can oniy be pafltd by bouts. The fea to the 8 of this, bttween the continent and the ifland of Ceylon, is called theGnlfof Manaar. The Portuguefe got poiriflion of the ifland of Manaar in 1^60; the Dutch took it from them in 165a ; and the Englifli took it from the Dutch is 1795. Lon. 79 30 t, lat. 9 o N. JSianachiay or Ma^nifa, the ancient Magnefia, a city of Nato'ia, and x bifljop's fee, with a caftle. It was for. merly the capital of the Ottoman em- pire, and is fea ted at the foot of a mountain, on the river Sarabat, aa m N Smy.-na 45 N- Lon. 27 6 K, lat. 38 Manado, a town of Celebes, and a Dutch fcttlement, on the ne part of the ifland, defended by a fort. It furren- dered to the Britifh ill iSio. Lon. 124 30 E, lat. J 8 N. Manapari a town of Hindooftan, in the country of Tijicvcliy, lituate on a MAN nnint of Uni! projedling iiitotlip gulf of ^Liiiaar, 40 in 9V. Palamc.itta. Munbedt a lown of Perfia, in tho pro- vince of Irak, li") m kse Ifpahati. Manbona, the '.apit.il ot thi< kingdom of ^abia, fitinte on tlu; ft-acoaft, 60 .n 3 Sofiila. Lon. 35 j<; v.. Int. ii \%, j*. Mancrjlgr, A village in Warwick Hiire, ntar Atherftonr and the rivtr Anker. It wan a Romvin ftation on the Watling- llrcct, and hi'ie fcverul coins have been du(,' up. MuHcha, a territory of Spain, in New C.iltire, between the river Guadiana and And.i! >fia. It is nearly furround- ed by mountains, producing; antimony, vermilion, and m«;rcury. The country is an immoiife plain, interrcftcd by ridg<'8 of low hills and rocks; not an pnclofurc of imy kind, except mud walls .nbotit the'villages, nor Icarccly a tree to be Teen ; but it i» well cultivated in corn and vines. The inhabitants arc affable, and great lovers of mulic and dancing ; and it was here thai Csrv.m- tes made his hero, Don Quixote, per- foinr. his chief exploits. Tlie capital is Ciudad Real. Manclie, a department of France, iu- chiding the w part of tho late province of Normandy. It is altn:>lt furrounded by the Knglilh channel. Couiances is the capital. Nanchejlert ^ large town in Lanca- fhire, with a matket on Tuelday and Saturday, feated between the rivers Irk and Irwell, and a place of great anti- quity, though neither a corporation nor a borough. It has been long noted for various branches of the linen, fiik, and cotton manuf?,(5tures, and is now prin- cipally confpicuous as the centre of the cotton trade. The labours of a very populous neighbourhood are collected at Mauchefter, whence they arc fent to London, Liverpool, Hull, &c. Thefe confill of a great variety of cotton and mixed goods, fitted for all forts of mar- kets, both at home and abroad, fpread- ing over a great part of Europe, Ame- rica, and the coaft of Guinea. The manufactures of tapes and other fmall wares, of filk goods, and of hats, are alfo carried on at Manchefter; from which various fources of wealth it has attained greater opulence than almoft any of the trading towns in England. Its chief ornaments are the college, the exchange, the collegiate church, another large church, and a fpacious market- place. The churches and chapels of the eftablifhment are n in number, with as many places of worihip for dif- ferent fe£t8 of difienters. la refpeA to MAN population it runki next to London, the number of inhabitants benig H4,o:o in I Ho I, and 98,s73 in lUii. By the Jrwcll it has a communication with the Mcrfi-y, and all the late various extcu- fions oi inland navigation. It i<< .;6 m K by N Liverpool, and i8i nnw London. Lon. % 10 w, lat. 53 27 n. Mtinc/ir/lert a t(»wn of Vermont, in Bennington c )unty, fituate on Batten rivtr, which flows into the Huill'on, above Saratoga. It is 33 m N Betmlng- ton, and 35 s Rutland. MaHche-j/er, a town of Vir^^lnia, on James rivtr, oppofite Richmond, with ' which it is connected l-y abiidge. Manciet, a town of France, in the de- partment of Oers, 17 m sw Condom. Miindal, a town of Norway, capital of a province in the government of Bergen ; leated near the mouth of a river of the fame name, do \\\ wsw Chridianfand. Lun. 7 42 v., lat. j8 Mandrrfeheid, a town of France, in the drpartment of Sarre, lately of Ger- many, in theelcftorateot TrcvcR, a6 m NNE Treves. Mandlnf^o, a country in the w part of Negroland, at the fources of the rivers Niu:er and Senegal. Not only the in- habitants of this ftatc, but the bulk of the people in many other diftricfts in ihe welttrn part of Africa, are called Man- din^os, probably from having originally emii^ratcd from this country. The Mandingos, in general, are of a mild, fociable, and obliging difpofition : the men are above the middle fize, well- ftinped, ftrong, and capable ot enduring great labour ; the women are goodna- tured, fpriphtly, and agreeable. The drefs of both fcxes is compofed of cot- ton cloth, of their own manufafture ; that of the tnen is a loofe frock, with drawers that reach half way down the legs, and a white cap on their heads ; and they wear fandals on their feet. The women's drefs confifts of two pieces of cloth, about fix feet long and three wide ; one of thefe is put round the waift, and hangs down to the an- cles; the other is thrown negligently over the bofom and flioulders. See Kamalia. Mandjhurit or Manchfus, a branch of the Mongul Tat tars, whofe anceftors conquered China in the thirteenth cen- tury, but were expelled by the Chinefe in 1368. They inhabit the three pro- vinces of Eaftern Tartary, and retain the cuftoms they brought from China. Manfredonia, a feaport of Naples, in Capitanata, aod an archbifliop't fect w II ■ n ilr I ' MAN with a cnftle «ikI a good hirbotir. All lortH of vrgetahlf J ^r^• in .'iliurutliii'r, and moft of thi* con tKpinnl trom the provjMce U Htippcd here. It i» fiiitvil oil .1 );ulf of the IJimc namo, .30 in EM Ltici-iA. Lon 16 li K, t.it. 41 )5 N. Munf^ahre, n Own of lliiuluolttn, ca- pital or C.Miiia. It is fciti'it iKtwcco the two armn or a fine 1 \k>; ot'lalt watcTi eich of which rrieivf^ a nvrr fron the G^iKs •, but th** bar at th«* cnlnnc** into thiihr.rhodr will not admit vtflelbdtaw- ing more lh;4ii Ini feet- The town in built along tlu> lidcs uf the p^ninlula, and iti ihrt clKV.ilcd center are the r<> mains of a fort, which the lai** fnltan Tippou ordered to be demnlilhtd. It is a place of great t'ade, and the prir.cipii exporrt are rice, betel-nut, bla':k pep- per, fandal wood (from the country above the Gauti) cinnamooi and tur- meric. Ill this town a treaty of peace was figncJ between Tippoo and die Engliih, in 1784. It is 130 m nnw Calicut, and iQosbt': Goa. Lon 75 4 *, lit. n 50 K. AJanjreea, an ifland in the Piicific ocean, five leagues in circumfcrtitcc In the interior parts it riiV^s inio fmall hills, and captiin v ook ripiefAntb it as a fine id md ; but did nut find a landini; pla^e. Some of the inhabitants came on bo.ird, and they feenied to refemble thofe of Otahcitc, in the beauty of tl'cir perfons and general dtlpoQtiou. Lon. 158 16 w, lat. 21 z; s. Manheim, a ftrong city of Germany, in the late palatinate of the Khinc, a!- moft furrounded by theNeckar and the Rhine. 'J he ilreets are all ftraifiht, in- terfedling each other at right angle? ; and it has three noble gates, adorned with baflo-relievos. The palace la a magnifi- cent llrudture, with a cabinet of natural curiofities and a gallery of pictures. The inhabitants are conDpntctl al 14,000. ^Janheiin has been frequenily taktn and retaken by the French and Auftrians in the late wars, fn 1802, it was ceded to the margrave of Baden. It is 17 m n Spire, and 4a s Frankfort. Lon. 8 34 E, lat. 49 29 N. Manica, an inland kingdom of Caf- freria, bounded 011 the n by Moca- ranga, e by Sofala and Sabia, and s and w by unknown regions. It is faid to abound with mines of gold, and has a river and capital of the fame name ; but it is little known to the Europeans. Manickdurgt a town of Hindooftan, in the country of Berar, 5 m sb Cbanda. MtuUek^ouTi a town of Hin4ooftan, AT AN in the country of (Jtule, jo m ww Alia- hah id, .Mid (>i .■»»« LiickiiKW. )liinill,tt the capit.il .»f rhe illand iT I.ucoiii'i, .IS Will AS of the Jither I'hi- lippiiic id ituls, and the fee of an nrcl- bilhop. who is comtnoiily the Spiiiiih vitcioy, It is well tot'ifiid, and de- fended by the cdtl.- .f S; I'hUip. 'V\w iMimt)rr tifChrithan inh ibil.mtd is clli- mttcd at ij.oco. Molk «>f the puUlic (trii^'.iiresaic built of wocul, on account of the fretpifnt earthqiiakin, by one uf which, ill 1617, a mountain »vaH Icvelltdj and in \(>t\, a third pnit of the city was ovciihri)v» II by another, when ^oco per- ii)na pcrillied in the ruins. Tliis city is icntpd nrar the lake liar ia,nn the i': ildc of a bay, un the ^w cuall. The bay is a circular bafin, 10 leapu**" 'i> dinmrier, and grt- it part of ii land-locked ; but the port prciiliar to the city, called I avne, lies 9 m to the sw, and \> the uI'uhI flation of the fliips cmplnytil in the Acapuico tr.'ide ; for an a( count of which, fee l.nconia. 'I'Ima eily ibininds with convetitt; and there is alft an in- qiiiliiidii. On accouiii o' ihi' puic nnd inilil temptra'ure of the .lir it i-. ('.ceni- ed the milt he.d'liy of all the lairopean fetll 'inents in thi E.di. In 1762, the ! iit'lifli took this city by llnrm, and huniinely fuflfered the archbilluip to raiilom it for about a million flerling ; but great part of the ranloiu never was paid. Lon. 120 fs v., hit. \M,(i n. Manningtrfe, a town in lifTtx, with a market on Tuefday. The principal im- poris are deals, corn, coal, and iron. It is fcated on a branch of the Stoiir, call- ed Maiiningtiee-wattr, 11 m w Uar- wich, and 60 tN^^ London. JMo'iofqiw, a town of France, in the depaitnient of Lower .Alps, with a caftle ; featcd on the Durance, 25 m NK a:x. Manfiurry, a town and fort of Ilin. coolluu, ill the country ofDooab, 24 m E A),'ra. Manrej. , a town of Soain, in Catalo- nia, with a caftle and fevcial convents; feated at the conflux of the Cardtncro with the Lobbregat, 15 m SE Caidona, and 20 NW Barcelona. Mans, a city of France, capital of the department of Sarle, and the (ee of a biuiop. It was formerly very popu- lous; but the inhabitants now fcarcely amount to 13,000. It has excellent poultry, and its wax and Ituffli are fa- mous. It isfeateu on a high hill, by the Sarte, near its conflux with the Huifne, ao m s Alen9on, and 75 w by w Or- leans. Lon. o 9 E> lat. 48 o n. JO m Kw AII4. II'KV. "ii' «»th«'r I'lij. '•'I' of an aid,. ''V tl'c Sp;,ni(|, ••n.(t, .iiiii ^\^., f PS.Iip. 'l-h,. '•"I 'iitd is crti- "f ihc pill, lie "«l. on acrntiiit kt», by orn.' ,,f ill »vat Icv.llccJ. »f I lie city waj hen ^oco per- Tliin city is a, on the t Jidc ■ The bay U a " in (liimricr, •Mocked; but e city, c.n\k^ ^'^^. and i., tbt. I tmploytii in an ;«( <-.)iint of •^«''y ibt'iMuU ■ "!» 'iiCi nil in. '.Ill'" pure find '"■ if i^ Crcni- tlie luiropean •n «762, ilie •y 'l"im, and archbi/hop to ion fhrling; )m riirviT was ■ i4,-;6 N. tfllx, with a p'incip.il im- I and iron. It 't Stour, call- I m w [ia,.. I. ancc, in the 'PS witli a laiicf, 25 m fort of liin. 5oi)at>, 24 ni f. in C.italo- ;il convents ; ; Cardtncro >E Oil dona, 'pifaJ of the hrf iw of a '^cry popij. 3w fcarceiy i» excellent nffs are fa- Iii!), by the lie Huifne, by N Or- N. M A N MtiH/arMr, n ttk'j of Tibet, from which the njutherirnoft head of the ri-ingei i* fuppofd lu ilFue. It ii 115 in in circumterciice, and liui about 79 B Ion. and J4 u lac. ManifflJ, .1 town of Upp<'r Saxony, in a county of ltd n.tme, wuh a decayed calUt! on u high lock, 8 tn nnw Eille- ben Mani/ielJt itown in Notiinghamfliire, with a market on i'hurlday, a trade in corn and malt, and a matiufu^ure of ftockinga. The number of inhabitant! was 59H8 in iBoi, and 6K16 in iHi i. It ii featcd on the edge of thf forert of Sherwood, 14 m n Nottingham, and ij8 N by w Loruloi.. Atanjil/a, a town of Spain, in the province of Leon, 14 m sse Leon. Manj'orn, a tou'ii of tlie kingdom of Fez, .'(Mild near the mouth of the Guii ' 60 m w Meijiiincz. Maiijoura, a town of K^ypt, which has a conltderalile trade in rice and faU .immoni.ic- Ilercarc likewife valt chick- en ovend. It ik feaied on the 1. lide of the Nile, 24 in saw Daniictta, and 60 N Cairo Ma»/ura, a to^vn of .Afiatic Turkey, in Irac-Aiaiii, lituateon the iMiphiites, at the influx ot r. liranch of the Tigris, i;o "n WKw Uairoia. Mintaca ; fee Mataca. AJa.itij, a town 01 Fiance, in the de- partment of Seinr and Oilt", with a bridge over the Seine, the great aicli of which is 120 feet wide. The wines of its vicinity are famous. It is 31 m nw Paris. Mantua, or Mantuan, a duchy of Italy, lying along the river Pu, which divides it into two parts. It is bounded on the w by the Cremonefe. n by the Veronefe, E by the Ferrarere. and a by the duchies of Ueggio, Modena, and Mirandola. It is 50 m long and i]o broad, and fruitful in corn, pafture, flax, fruit, and excellent wine. CharIeK iv, duke of Mantua, having taken part with the French, in the difpute relating to the I'ucceflion of Spain, was put un- der the ban of the empire, and died in 1708. Having no heirs, the houfe of Anftria kept pofllfllon of the Mantuan till 1800, when the French obtained it, after the battle of Marengo- Mantua, a city of Italy, capital of the duchy of the lame name, and an archbifliop's fee. It is feated on an ifland in the middle of a lake, ao m in circumference and two broad, formed by the Mincio ; and fo very .ftrong by fi- tuatiun as well as by art;, that it is one of Ihe moft coofideruble fortrefies in £u' MAR ro^'f. Theotr'y way into the city is b* two i.nolet or btidgeH, each of which ii d( fended by a fort aiid oilier work*. In the heal nl' iummer, when the lake it low, the air bccomer. noxioui, und the better fort « f the inhabitants leave the city for Ibine time. The citadel i» part- ly free from this inconvenience, and in it ia always kept a ftrong garnlim. Th« ftrectsare in general btoad and llriiiight, and the honles liandlbme. Tin- cathe- dral has a noble dome, decorated with pilallers and tine p.iintings ; the church of St. Anthony is lamouH for relics; and the Fr.incilcin church i;> one ot the moft elegant ot that ord r iti Italy, llete ar? many other churches, immcroun con- vent?, ufyn^yojiue for the Jcwi who liv« in I (liftindl (I'jirter, a univtility, the uncicnt du>'al palace, with its gallery of p.'.intinjjs, S.C. It wa • greatly noted for Its lilks, and filk m tiitifaAures, which are now nuieli dt cayed, ntui the inhabit • ants reduced to about 12,000. Vit^ril was boin at a vili.)ge iic.ir this city. \'antua funentbued to the French in i^ij;, after a fiegc of cij;l>' months; and it w.is atiackid by tlie Auftiian and Uul- fi.in army, in 1799. to which it Curren- dered atier a lliort lie^'C It is 35 m nk Parma, and 90 t.bi; Milan. Lon. 10 50 K, I at. 4;, lo N. Mufizanarcst a town of Spain, in Nev/ Call Ic, near the Iburce of a livcr of the lame name, 27 m nnw Madrid. — Another, in the di(lri(5t of Mancha, famous for its wine, leated near the r'ver Azuer, i\\ m E by N Cuidad Re.d. Maouna, one of the Navigators iflands in the Pacific ocean. Here, in 1787, Peioul'c met with his Brft fatal acci- dent ; captain LangIc, Lcmanon the naturalift, and nine liiilors being maf- lacred by the nativei. Lon. 169 o w, lat. 14 19 « Mapimii, a town of New Spain, in New Bileay, with a fortrels, 130 m n Durango. MaracaU a town of Terra Firma, in the province of Caracas, near the t ex- tremity of the lake Tocarigua, ao m i-NK Valencia. Mcracaybu, a lake of Terra Firma, in the province of Venezuela, lao n\ long and 60 where broadclt. It is na- viy.'.l^'.e for large veflTcls, and communi- cates vith the gtilfof Venezuela by a Itrait, which is defended by ftrongfgrts. Several Spanith towns are feated oh its borders. The e lide is moftly fterile ; and to the n e of its margin is a hollow containing an inexhaullible quantity of nuneral pitch, which, mixed with tal- • '• ■.''' ''If" 11 lrf^*j 1 ^ i H|j ■•:ii-\ IB 'dm ^M-Hl ■;*'-^^:'|: * M A R luvr, n'\^t^ a Koml hnttom to vrfTclt. Tlu- \.ipi)nr tli.it riliH Iron tliii miiit be* cnmri mil >niC4i in thr Air. iiml in the ni^ht piiutuceit the rHVilt of phofphortc litfhtu, which air called by Uilur* tlii- M^r.ii'iiylxi Liiilrrni. Mttracuifho, A fliy of Trira Firini, ill ihtf proviiicf iif Vi'Pr/.ijf l.i. 1 1 t.«n ie» nn .1 ^ttAl traJr in tkini,('l)ucolJtr,iind flnt! tohncco s ai I lhlpi« ;iir built hi-rc, tviili'h xo to ■ill P"''t'* of Atnrricii .1 rvcii to Spain It i» liatcd on the rule ul' the uutlci of th«> Ukoof it» rMttX', 60 m wsw Vniirucla. Loff. 70 jo !» lat. 10 ,^0 K. Mtir/txn, « town of I'crfia, in Adcr- bijaii. (iiiroundi'd by a wall. It iit well biiili. I. '8 n Ip.icioiiN b;«/.ar, and A glalii nunulii'tiire} Ar(\ iLind« on u rivrr, 10 nt K of it* mautli in l.iki- Ui niia, And 60 t by w Tabriic. Luii. 46 aj t, lat. ^Inrnnnnnit a northern province of Braliti which cumpn hctidsa frdilepu- f>uloiis idand, of the fame n.inne, i n tn n circumference-, at the month of three rivi-rs. The Fn-nch llitled hfie in 161 a ; but they w«t«? loon txpelicd by tin- Por- tugueli:. St. Louit dc Maraiinan is the chief town. Marattori ; d'C Amazon. "Maranot a foi lifted liapoVt of I aly, in Friuli, feated 'mj the gulf of Vpiiicc, a/ m s by r. Udina. Lon. 13 j K| lat. 45 .M N. Martini, a town of France, in the dcpartmLtit of Lower (harcntf, with a confulcrable trade in fait, malt, corn, and meal. It is fituate on the S«-vri*, in the midd of iait marHies, la m nnk Rochcllo, and 21 w Niurt. Marant, or Amaranth a town of Per- iin, in the province of Aderbijan, con- taining 2500 huufcs each with a garden, litiiate near a river, and watered by ca- nals. Cochineal is found in the neigh- bourhood. The inhabitants fay that Noah was buried here. It is 50 m N Tauris. Lon. 47 46 k, lat. 39 7 n. Mara/a, a town of Negroland, in Wangara, on the n fide of the Niger, 160 m NK Chanara. Lon. 17 10 e, lat. 15 50 N. Marafcli, a town of Afiatic Turk«7, in Uoiim. capital of a fungiacate, and 4he fee of a biilinp. It is 50 m e Adana- Lon 36 j; E, lat, 37 2 n. jMarathoHi a village of European Tur- key, in Livadia, formerly a city, 10 m NNK Athens. It is famous fur the vi<5tory obtained on its plaia by Mil- tiades, with io,oco Athenians, over 110,000 Ferfians, who loft above 10,000 men, and alio many of ibcir (hips. M Alt Maravt, a lake in th« •■ part of Afri- en, known to t-xtrnd n ')oo m in Irti/th, iikH probably miicli niorri the bicadtli abnu* ^o m. At itn • rxtrtmiity is a town A the (lime name. I.on. 33 10 a, lat. I ( to %. M.tr, war, a country of llindnnftan, in the i.'anulic, to the » of Ttiijorc, aiioiit 'o m long .nul 40 broid. 'Fhr chi. r pKicri ate K.iinunad and Trip.i- it/ar(nvin4i,» river of Oinyana, which frp.naff* Suiiiiam fr«>m Ciycnin?. it i» noted f>T a itirioiin ptbbic, known by the name ot tlic Marawina diamond, which, whin polillud, iv often fet in rings, v\'c. It tnteik the Atlantic in lon. 5.M» w, ht 5 5K N. Miiraxion, or Marktt Jt\ a town in Corinvall, with a market on Thnrfday, liMted on a creek of Mount hay, 4 m y. Pcn/ancc, and 178 w by s London. Muthach, a town of Siiabia, in the duchy of Wirtemhcrp. f* ati'd on the Nrckar, 9 m nnk Stutgard. Marbvlla^ a town of Spain, in Gra- nada, fcated near the mouth ol thr Riu Vcrdt.', at the foot of high mountaini, aS m wsw Malaga. Mtirblfhftid, a town of MafTichufi-ts, in LflVx county, with a harbour pro- teded by a f(>a wall, and defended by a battery and citadel. It has three churches, and Auuls on a neck of land, in Mallachufets bay, 19 m nk Bolton. Lon. 70 50 w, lat. 4a 37 N. Marbtirg, a ftrong town of Oertviany^ capital of Upper IlelVe. It has a forti- fied caftio on tht; top of a mountain, a univerfity, aud an academy. The church of St.Elifabeth is a fine edifice, and near it is the hoiili; of the Teutonic order, in which the commander over the canton of Hefle refides. Marburg was taken by the French in 1757, but it furrendered to the allies in 1739 ; and in 1760, it was taken again by the French- It is ientcd on the Lahii, 47 m sw Cafl'el. Lon. 8 50 e, lat. 50 48 N. MarceUin, St- a town of France, in the department of Here, feated on the Here, at the foot of a hill, in a country that produces excellent wine, 30 m s'jE Viennc. Marc/i, a town in Cambridgefliire, with a market on Friday. In 1730 three urns full of burnt bones and fomc fmall Roman coins were dug up near this place. It is feated on the Nen, in the middle of the ille ofEly, a6 mNNW Cambridge, and 81 n London. Marc/iSurg, or Ma/iriurg, a town of Cerauay, iu Stiria; capitij of a cirdc flf it* name vicinity ^re ^ on the Drav ,i, \)\ r. lit. SUirclul» territory ot tlano*. Miirthr, boniuled tlie M'lii'o 40 > by w ' Mm I /if ' theilun's, Mi'letie, MarchiC old caltle, fronlitrs (i Vienna. Marrhei Uilia. leate lilf in olivi Maxltif lands, in on the S.ii Marchii the depat moral's ot Dou.iy. Mnrcia ra di Lav( Marciif deparim.-; the river n by w A Marck, the depai 6 Straibu Marco a river ol into Ap Augullir Marcc libtia Ci N Coler Marti Englilb' 7 m E C Mam departn to whit Dunkir Mari a diltri It is i( lat. 15 Mai Roisthi 4 broai 'U>, '1 town in •n Tliur((d.iy, UMt bay, 4 m r » I.uriilon. "■ibi.t, In the itt'd oil the MAR nf Itf name, 'vith two cuftlrt. In ihr vicinity Mrr Kootl vinry.iri]«. it i* Ir^itrd un the Dnvr, ^6 m »»R Or«U> L4)n. H ^H f.. ht. 46 . rry, k by An- vrrttiic, w by An^onmoi*, Jiiil t by Li- moliir It i* 55 in btnic^nd 25 bro.ut. and fVrtile in corn ;uiil wine. It now tormi the drp.iriin< nt <»» CrciiJe. Martht, A town ol Fmuc**, hi the df- p;iriM\ciit nene,\ town of thr Nc- tlu'rlinils, III Luxrtnbiir^, ItMti'd oil llie M.i'lfttc, x\ m »K Niituir. Marehcck, a town of Auilria, with ;in old c.iltle, li'.iti'd nil tt'c M^rch, 0:1 the frontiers of Hungary, 23 m K by N Vierina. Marrhrna, ii town of Spiln, in Anda- Uifu. (catrd in the middU'ol'.i p'.iiii, f'er- tii«' in olives, 8 in ». nk Scviil-- Marchifnncj, :i town o' thr N'l Ihcr- l.inds, in till- territory ot l^iciic, Icatcd on the S.imbrt't 4 nn w Ch.ulcroy. Marc/tifnnrj, a town ot I'Vriiice, in the dt'partmtut of NonI, lifati-d in a nuiraCi on the river Sc.npc, 7 m hsv. Doiiay. Mnrciam/i,}\ town of N.iplcn, in TiT* tA di Lavoro, 13 in nnk N iplcs. Alarciifny, a town of Frario*, in the di'purtm.^iit of Saone and Loiir, nt^r the river Loire, 3 a m w M.icon, and 43 » b V w Autnn. Marckoljheim, a town of Franco, in the department of Lower Rhine, 35 m e Siraflburg. Marco, St. a ftaport of M Florida, on a river of the (iimc* name, at its entrance into ApaUche b.iy. 180 m wnw St. AiigulUn. Lon- 84 38 w, lat. jo 18 n. Ajarco, at. a town of Naples, in Ca- hbria Citra, feated ou tlu* Senito, tz m N Col<;nza- Manou, St- two fmall ifl mds in the Engli(hchani>el,neartliecc>alt of France, 7 m K Cape la Hogue. Mareiike, a village of France, in the department of Nord, ieated on a cuial, to which It gives name, 4 m w by b Dunkirk. March, a town »)f Arabia, capita) of a diltritit, in the province of Yemen. Jt is 100 m 8R Sanaa. Lon. 47 30 e, lat. 15 44 N. Mane, Loch, a lake of Scotland, in Rolslhir':, 18 n> loiig,.ti)d, in fomr parts, 4 broad, a contiiia:! uaoy fmall iflandSf M A H and nbotindi with ialmott, char, and tront. MarfHjft, a vilUKf, lately of Italy, in Mihni fr, fcjtrd in u pUm, 3 ni at nf AleHnidri4. It in l.iiitoui for a dcciiivr vitftory g4ined tivir tli** Aul\ri4iit in IHoo, by which thc French became con* nitrrork of |l ily. It now b. li>n|iito Fr iiur, and jj'v«'« n.ime to a n.w di" puttiient, inclii'liiiK part of .NhhiirtW aiiil PirJmoni, ol which Al« xuiulria il tlir cl'ii t town Muftlimo, an i(l.iii«l In thr M liiterra* ne.tn, un the w co,d\ ot Sicily. 11 m in circtimference. It liaii 4 callle, with a few farm liotilen. and piixlticei much honey. Lon. 12 15 k, lat. jM \ m. Marytim, a Iomii ot VV.ile*, in OI.V nuii)t,ihlhiir, which hi* cxtt iiiive cp- per woikd, a S.itinday nurket holden adj.iceni to them, and the remainn of a lir^'e abUiy It is lituaie at the f«)ot of a inoniit lin coveted wiili oakt, 10 m ^iK ot Neath, and 18X w London. Miir^onta, an ill iiid near Terr.i Fir- ma, 40 in lo-n; and 15 bro.id.ditcoveretl by Coliinibii" 111 i4nt it ban ni« fudi water. It waH t.ikeii ill 1636 liy the Dutch, who demoliihed the catlli-; fincc which time i( hai4 been in a manner abandoned by the 8i).iniard», and i:i now principally inhabited by die nalivea. Lon. 64 10 w, lat. II 10 N. Marfratt, a town in Kent, in thc iflc of Tlianet. with a murkt » on VVednfli. day and S.iturday. It ands on the fide of a hdl, has a Aone pier, and .is a member ol the port of Dover. It has a great refort of compai y loi" fei bathing, and the bniidiiigii for their accommoda- tion are numcrousand handlitme. Great quuDtitieH of corn are expoited hence, and there are regtdar paliage boats to and from London. It \» 17 m inr Canterbury, and 71 k by s London. Lon. I 22 e, lat. 51 24 n. Marfrozsa, a town of Italy, in Mi- ^ancfct near a fmall lake of its name, 40 m Nw Milan. Maria, St an ifland in the Indian ocean, near the e fide of Midagalcar. It is 45 m long and 7 broad, well water- ed, and furroundrd by rocks. Thc air io extremely mnift, for it rains almoin every day. It produces rice, fugar- cancs, legumes, pineapples, tobacco, &.'c. and on the cnads are found white coral and amhergrife. The inhabitants call it Ibrahim. Lon. 50 20 e, \?a, 17 o s. Maria, St- the moft fouthern ifland of the Azores, which produces plenty of ^ I ^t .\ u wh#iit) mil Hut ahoui ifAe« Inh«bit4nti. It M* « ittwii t*f Itii fxtne iuin<. Lun. •5 9 w, hit, ^6 37 M. Mahiit .V. .» lowf) of lerr« Pirma rioprr, i'l tliv mitiicticc of P.in.ii>Uril« uft/. .1 town of Copj^o, r.ipitil of !>>«• kirg I'tm . »■ M.it.inibi. It rt.iiuU nn 4 river tint ilo^tit into the Cimii/d, jio lit 1 Lm r. t«» w. 1)11 the ►• ihuT arc hiliy pel P'-ndicuLir rock* ( Aiul ithout h^lt' ill tiirr:trt; Id bniri'n miuiiit.kinN. It ii in'liflirmtly w.ifcrnl, but pr(ichu'<'!t c ttoii. c>)(!'n', aiitt fnK^r. It \v4itak«ii by N tb'itiiti frigtt*' in iRoK. 'i hr » end is ,0 m N by 1: Uumiiilca. I'Uii. 61 iH V, l.it it, 55 V. Miirin/f)T, n f« nport of Denmark, in the tli',iill, which comir.unic.itci With thf C.i'tK'' » t^ >»i N by w Arliulcii. L'.n. I) u R, Int. 56 J : i*. Miiiinn ljlo*\l^ \ f'C l-aihtnet. Mfi iii/h, a tiissii III Naples, in Ter- n (b I'.iii, 6 m N'w Ciiavin.'u Marie mix M'tna, a t«iwii of France, in the drpirtmF tilt* N'ilhila, z\ m su D.inczic. Lou. 19 « K, lat. 54 9 N. Morienhurpr^ a town of Upper Sax- ony, in Mifiiia, near wiiich me mint's of filvcr, ircii, vitriol, atiJ fulpliur. It lias mnnufadurcs of fnn- laci., and a medicinal bath, and is 15 m sse Chem- nitz. RtarUnburt;, a town of Fnncc, In the department of Aidcnnis, u m n lio- croy. Alnrienjlad a town of Swt den, in W Gothland, at the se end of the lake Wenntr, a6 m nnk Scara. MarUntwrrder, the capital of W Pruf- fa, with n fpacions palace, built in the old Gothic tafte. Thi* cathedral is the largeft church in PrufTia, being 320 feet long ; and by its ftroiig breaftworks feems to have formerly ferved as a for- M A R tivf<. In 170V, IVirr the gr^at, anj i'mU'iic I uf I riillu, ha-l jti tiilri%jcw »t Ihii pUcr. It U (e4t>d neir ihv \ if. tub, 94 m «Mi KoniK(bcr|. Lun 1II51 k, lat ).4 50 w. MttrujInJt, a town of Sweden, In W Gothlaiiil, on the Lkir Wenncri 70 m iw Orcbio. Miiriilhi, a to\«n of the A-tteof Ohioi fitiMtc un ihc Mulkiti)(iim» mar iii cun* tluH with the Ohio. Here i» a church, court'hoiife, and public ac4(b'my The town ii l.iid out in Ipuiou* Un elu 4111! fqnarcit ) but only a iinall portion ii yet ercCtid. 'I'he Ciiiipint Aiartitu ii an rtevited public l>|uari-, fouiuKd by the Oliio Company in i;iili the rortiHca- turn i4 all of hrwn liuihct, of fiipctior txc«-llcnce. Marietta ii u cnmnicicial place, and hat a d>M-kyard on the Mu(k< iii^um, 41 the nioulli of Mhich ii a lort« III the viciniiy wjn dilcov) red, in iHoo, a bi'Udiilul till'cLited paveinml, a Ur^r human (kelcton, and other curiuuM an- ti(|uei. It in Ko in k Chillicuthc, and a4o w by N Waihiinjion. Lon. Ui j; w, lat. 4g 16 N. Mariifniino, ,\ town of Italy, in Mi* tanili', t«',ticd on liic I.ambio, ij m M'. Mil.iii. MaiiHih a town of It4ly, in Campag* ii.i di Koina, 10 m y^v. Uurne. Miirino, St. a llioiig town of It.ily, in till- duchy of' Urliiiio, c.ipital ot a fniali republic, I itcly uiid«T tin- protec- tion of the pipe-. It is feattd on a mountain, 17 ni nw Uibinu> Lun. la J.3 ^» i'«t 4.) :a n- Miitijjn, or ib,jr/7«, A river of Euro- pean 'lurkcy, which lilea in Mount ticarduK, in l\u' sw pail of l)ult!;aiia, flows by na/ard^ik 10 Philippopoli, when? it bccomrH n.^vigable ; then ch- fers Romania, and flows by Adtianople, Trajaiuipoli. .md Liio, into the Arthi- pelaco. 3/rtr/t, a territory of CJcrmany, in the circle of Wt(fpliaii;i, bounded on the s* by the prim ip.ilily ot' Munllt r, k by the duchy of W'cllphalia, and b and w by that of lb rg. ll.im i^ tiie capital. Murk, St. a (export on I be w lidf of St. Dcimiiigo, on a bay to which it gives name. Thf houIVs arc l)uilt of frtuiiMii | 4tiil U li.i* lircn A Kom.in lUtbit. 'Ma' town con- l.tin« two I'tiiirchci, anil i* lf4trit uii tlic Kcruict, >6 lit N Hjlifhuiy, itttit 74 w Luiuluii. M>irIheroii_^fi, Atowtl «f M4(r«cl)iil't't», ill Miiltllclix CDuiiiy, wilti 4 muiiul4t.< turc (tt Sp.itiilh brown, fium u kiiid uf |o4m tmiiul ill thf nc>i)(l)b«)urlt'K>i|. li U IS m w Ity « Uodnii. Marlb«r«uj(li^ u town of New li.imp« Oitrf. in Cti< iliiir coui.t/i 70 in w l>y • FordWxiiiili. Mi4rl/}»r^njf/t, Fitrt, »n Ci>f(li(h ('.J^lury, nil tiiv w I'o^ll «it iliv tll4iiii ot'Suin.uru, J m K HiDCM. ilrii. MurlltorvH^h, l,on«» • liltlt •bov« I'arU. lihiiiiM u 'h* trchlrpiicopAt fee. but i h,ilo«i« l« the v'apUil. Miirn*, (./»/v>,aiirp4itmcnlofFr«ncr, iiiclndtiiti part of tlir t.ii« pruvinci* uf ChinipiKiitf. Chaiimont it Uf capiut. M.11 H,', a town of I'vrila, in Churafant ao ) in N Ili-rAt W«if«, A town ul Italy, in th«* princi* pultty of Oit^flia, IcatcJ In « vatUy, I in N w OtirKlia. Maroi'j ; I '• M'>r»fto Muro,'Hn, .1 lo'vn of Kuropein Tur* koy, In Koinania. and a Ori>ck arch* bidt tpi ice I l'( lud near the Mfdit^.T* laniMM, 70 111 "'A' Adiianople. Lon. aj 41 f., lat. 4-) 17 N Mur^'utrtjiiin, * town of Iiiif.in.i, withananci ni c.iltl**. f iVd Diar the rivir Acha, n n\ w *«al/,i»iifj;. Mfirq-r^ai, five illtiid- • 1 'he P'e.flc nc^an, 1141)11*11 Su Chrillnii, M ittduUna, St. D miiii'ei. St. Peilr>). .in I iIo..«|. Till' 1)1 II I'lur were dil'c'V'r'd by Qm^ rutin i:,9.$i the l.ifl li> Co.ik in 1774. ht. Do'i.iniea in inu.h ihe LiritiU, ati nit 4H m in circiit. Ciptain Cook, in liia leeoiul voy.i^fi', l.iy ("tnif 'iijio at St. Cluill na. in i')n. 1 .49 >) \v,anil l.u 9 <;} «. It \n hi^Ji atiil Uc' p, but Imh ni my va\- Uy», which vvidrn lo.v.ntt ( te fv,a, and nil' c'lvi-fkd with litu iuikil"- to the Turn* niiti of till* iiitnior moi.iita'n:* 'I'he prodiK'tsul lliffe illandii are bicul fruit, auianAH, piantauiK, roco« mitii, fc.iiUt beann, pap<-r mulbtni'H (of the bavk of v'lii^li their elclh it madt ) ciin.irniaK, with other tropic. il platith anvt treiti anil II' t^H .'iiid fowU. I'l e Aiai(|Ue- faiK artt of lartte A •tine, well tn.iJe, llroii^, and aiMue; nt a t.iwny com- filexion, but loolt almwd bl.ick, by »i iiiy; tatooed ov» r tin- whole body. The m< I) al\v,iy»j:ii naked; for the fmall piecf of cloili, which lonie of them oc« calioii.illy wear roniid th-ir I liiiii, can- not be conlitleied .is iloihin)<. Their annieimlift of clubs, fpe ra, and flin^ts ; and the perl'onk kil'ed and takt n in war ,nre (!i voiip'd. S.nne ol the wtnnen are 'II ar!y as fair a^ Europeans, and among them t-looing Is not tommon, and tlu-n (e..ly uiithc hands and arniii. Their drink is water only, coco.i mit> b 111^; rather Icarce. Their la'ii;ii.ii.'e much ref» inblcs that of ihf .S,,cicty lil.indii. To the n.nw of the MatqiM'fiH is a group fume- timfii cali>d the New Mai(iuei'.is ; liro Ihfi ra h u m Ijia nds . Marjal, a town of France, in the de- partiui:ni of Meutle, with cinfulerable Ult-wurkt; fcatcd on the Scllc, in a I I I M 17 m ENE '.' ■ . ' I marfti difficult 0." Nrfncy. Mar/u.'j, a city of Sicily, in Val dl M iz^ra, biiitt on the roins of the .indent Lilyliaeiim, at the molt weflcrti point of the idancJ, and fiirroiindtd by a wall, U'iih fix hal^ions. Its fine port was de- ftroyed by John of Auftri.i, in 1562, to prevent the entrance of the Tuiicifh Rallitj ; but a long reef of rocks Aill form a temporary flielter for fmall vef- f.'!s. The town is well Iniilt, and of cohfidcrablc importance from the pro- du«itive country around. It i« 58 m W6W Palermo- Lon. is 34 e, lat- ^7 55 N- jMarjiinne, a town of France, in the department of Drome, 8 in nne i\ion- telimar. Marfaquiver, a ftrong feaport of Al- giers, in the province of Mafcara, be- longing ti> the Spaniards, who took it in 173 z. It is feated on a rock, near a buy of the Mediterranean, 3 m from Or.m. Marfafoufay a feaport of Barbary, in Barca, on a bay of the Mediterranean, 42 m w Derna. Lon. ai z e, lat. 32 47 N. Mar/eh ; fee Moraw- Marfdfrtt a village in W Yorkfhire, near the l()urce of the Coine, and on the Huddcrsfitld canal, 7 m sw Hudders- fielil. Here are fome extenfive coiton mills. Marfetllesy a city of France, in the department of Mouths of the Rhone, and lately an epifcopal fee. It was fo celebrated in the time of the Romans, that Cicero ftyled it the Athens of the Gauls, and Pl-ny called it the Miftn-ls of Education. It is featfd on the Me- diterranean, ai the upper end of a gulf, covered and defended by many fmall iflands. It is diviated on the Cotefwold hiUs, 1 1 m E Brillol, and 103 w London. Mnrjico Niiovo, a town of Naples, in Priiicipato Citra, 21 m nne Policai- tro. Mar/ico T'ecchlo, n town of Naples, in Kalilicata, near the river Acre, 23 m NB I'olicaflro. MarjVli/, A town of Fraoce, in the department of Marne, 10 m s Su/anne. Maijlrandt a rocky ifland of Swcdf'n, in the Categat, lying n of the mouths of the Gotha. It is a m in circum- ference; and on account of its fttcnpth, is called the Gibraltar of Sweden. The town ftands on the e fide, and has a fecure and commodious harbour. The caflle Hands on a rock, anil is ufed as a ftate prilon. The inhabitants fubfift chiefly by the herring fiflu'iy, by the number of Ihips that in bad weather take refuge in the harbour, and by a contraband trade. Ii is 20 m nw Go- theborg. Lon. 11 30 E, lat. 57 52 n._ Martot a town of Italy, in the patri- mony of St. Peter, on a river of the fame name, where it iffues from the lake B )lfena, 10 m E Caftro. Martaban, a city of Pegu, capital of a province of the fame name, ftrtile in rice, fruiis, and wines of all kinds. It was a rich trading place bifore the king of Birmah conquered the country, who cauiiid a number of velfels to be funk at the mouth of the harbour, fo that it is now only to be entered by fmall veffels. The chiff trade is in earthern ware and fifli. It is ft-ated on the bay of Bengal, at the mouth of the Thaluan, 120 m se Pegu. Lon. 97 56 E, lat. 16 30 N. ■Martago, a town of Spain, in Leon, 10 m ssb Ciudad Rodrigo. Martapura ; fee Metapura- Martely a town of France, in the de- partment of Lot, feated near the Dor- dogne, 18 m E Sarlat. Martha, St. a province of Terra Firma, bounded on the n by the Cari- bean fea, e by Venezuela, s by New Granada, and w by Carthagena. It is a mountainous country, and the land very high. It abounds with fruits pro- per to the climate, and there are mines of gold and precious ftones, and falt- works. Here the famous ridge of moun- tains begin jun s the w Martha, of the fame a bilhop's rounded b once tlouril gjuch decl no longer built of cai p:\lmetole; pillaged Dutch, an(| on one of 100 m w t ^ w, lat. Martha s coalt o w of Na and 6 brt Komans fliiute Dii fubfilt by garton is Mart hi in the can Rhine, 6 Martin Beira, 2 a Martiji feated ne Martij, deparimi feated ne which pi Marfeille Marti in Valen Valencia 36 B, lat Marti ifle of R citadel, ao w, li Mart ribe ifla circumi nor riv< tob.iccc vated, ribe ifli edby t taken 1 end is , IB4 N Ma) in Val Sion. Ma Caribi The I 1762, and it and I Iiabitantfl. fn flgainfl the on. but was Nw Toulon, 5 23 £>lat. r>uceftcrnilrc, y. fi'attd oa Brillol, and of Naples, NNE Polical- of Naples, Acre, 23 m aace, in the s Suzanne, of SwcJfp, the mouths in circum- 'its ftccnpth, weden. The , and has a •hour. The <1 is ufed as itanta fubfift it'iy, by the )ad weather r, and by a ) m N w Go- t- 57 52 N. ill the j;atri- river of the rom the lake Lii capital of If. fertile in II Ivinds. It before the he country, elfels to be fiarbour, fo entered by trade is in is feated on uuth of the Lon. 97 56 n, in Leon, , in the de- ir the Dor- of Terra y the Cari- 3 by New ena. It is I the land fruits pro- are mines and falt- : of moan* MAR tains begin, called the Andfi, which run a the whole length of S America. Martha, St. the capital of a province of the lame name, in Terra Firm;i, and a bUhop's fee. The h;rmer ia not much wanted, for the natives prefer cafTiva to wheat bread. It produces fiigir, coffee, cotton, ginger, indigo, choco'ate, aloes, pimento, plantains, and other tropical fruits ; but fugar if» the principal commodity, of which aconli- derable quantity is exported. The ifland ispiipuious; and it has feveral fafc and commodious harbours, well fortified. It fuffcred great damage by a tremend- ous hurricane in 1806- Fort royal is the capital. Mnrtiiijburg, a town of Virginia, ca- pital of Berkeley county. It has two churches, and Hands in a fertile country, 10 m WNW Shepherdftown, and ii Nt Wiiichefter. Martin/vi/le, a town of Virginia, chief of Henry county. It is 25 m s by w Rocky Mount, and 66 w Halifax. Martinvilh, a town of N Carolina, capital of Guildford county. Near this place, in 1781, lord Cornwallis de- feated general Green. It Is feated on ' Buffalo creek, a branch of Haw river, 4S m w by N Hiiiiborough, and 50 ns Saliibury. Martock, a town in Somcrfetlhire, with a market on Saturday, 7 m s So- merton, and 130 w by s London. Martorano, a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Citra, 8 m from the fea, anc' 15 s Cofenza. Martorel, a town of Spain, in Cata- lonia, at the conflux of the Noya and Lohragal, 18 m nw Barcelona. Marios, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufia, with a fortrefs on a rock, 10 m vir by s Jaen. Maru ; fee MerU' Marvao, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, 8 m ne Portalcgrc. Marvejols, a town of France, in the department of Lozere, feated on tixc Colange, 10 m nw Mende. Marvil/e, a town of France, in the department of Meufe, Icated on the Olhein, 3 m N Jametz. Mart/, St. a fmall leaport of the ftate f Georgia, in Camden county, near ihe mouth of St. Mary river, 70 m s by w Newport. Lon. 8 1 40 w, lat. 30 45 n. Mary River, St- a river of the ftate of Georgia, which rifes in the Okefo* noke fwamp, and thence forms tbe fouthern boundary of the United States to the ocean, which it enters at the town of St. Mary, between the points of Amelia and Cumberland iflands. It is navigable for ' eflels of confiderable burden lor 90 m, and its banks afford i 1^1 I'-W^l • i ' 11 ' MAR Immrnfe quantiiits of fine timber fuited to the W India market. Mary Strait^ St. a ftinit in N- Ame- rica, which lonnH the comnmnicRtion between Lake Snperior and Lakf Hu- ron. It is ahi)ut 60 m long, contnininy a variety of iflands; and at the upper end is a rapid, which, by ciircfid piluta, can be defcendcd without d.mgi'r. At the foot of the rapid, on the n Mh^ is a factory belonging to a company at Mon- tred, ronfifting of ftorehoules, a iaw- mill, and a biiteau-yard. Marjboroufili, a boro\igh of Ireland, capital of Queen county, with the re- mains of a cadle. It is not large, but confiderahle for its woollen inanufac- tureB, and Hated on the B iiri)W, 47 ni wsw Dublin. Lon. 7 iz v, lit. ^^ o N. Marylandt one of tiie Uniud States of America, 134 m long and 1 10 broad ; bounded on the n by Pennfylvania, e by the ftate of Delaware, s tiy the At- lantic and Virginia, and w by Virginia. It ia divided into 19 counties, 11 of whch are on the wpltt-rn, and 8 on the eaflcrn fliore of the Clirftpeak : Ihofe on the w fiJe are Hartford, Baltinore, Ann Arundel, Frederic, Aiiepany,Walh- ington, Montgomtry, Prin;c George, Calvert, C'^arle?, and St. Mary; ihofe on ihe E, (-Veil, Ktnt, Oj-K^n Ann, Ca- roline, Talbot, Someriet, Do.chelter, and \V( rceltcr. Wheat and tobacco are the ftaple commodities of this (late, which, in moft reCpefl.", icfemblefi Vir- ginia. In 18:0 the number of inhabit- ants was .):;o,5^6. .Annapolis is the ca- pita], but B.iltimore is the mart of trade. Maryport^ a town in Cumberland, with a market on Friday, and a good harbour. In 1750 it was only a poor firtiing town ; but it has now upward of 3CO0 inhabitants, who employ many Teflels, from 50 to 150 tons burden, in the coal or coafting trade. Here are two fliip-yards and a Totton manufac- ture, and clofe by is the Roman ftation, Virofiiium, where feveral altars and ftatues have been dug up. Maryport is fitnate at the mouth of the Ellen, in the Irifli fea, 27 m s.v Carliflt, and 297 NNw London. Lon.3 22W,Iat.j4 35 n. Marza Siroco, a gulf on the sk fide of the iHe of Malta. The Turks landed here in 1565, when they went tobefiege Valetia. It is now defended by three forts, two at the entrance of the gulf, and one at the point of land that ad- vance* into the middle of it. Marzilh, a town of Spain, in the province of Navarre, near the nverAra- gon, 30 m s Pamplona. INI A S Mas d^lifenois, a town of France, in the department of Lot und Garonne, on the river Garonne, 24 m nw Agen,and 50 SK Bonrdeaux. Afuj d .Ijil, a town of Franre, in the drnartt'CMt of Arriege, witli a Benedic- tine abhcy; ler.ted on the rivulet Rife, 8 m .■<•> Pan.ii.ri'. Ma/n/uero, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, 80 m w Juan Fernandez. It is high and mountainous, but lowed to the N, and at a diftance appears like one hiil or rock. It is of a triangular form, about 25 m in circumference, and uninhabited, except by numerous fcals and goats. There is alfo plenty of wood, but difficult to be got off, as the heavy furf allows of no good landing place. Lon. 81 40 w, lat. 33 40 s. Majhate, ont of the Philippine iflands, almolt in the centre of them. It is 80 m in circumference, and the natives are tributary to the Spaniards. Lon. 122 25 B, lat. II 36 N. Majhroujffi, a village in W Yorkftiire, on the river Don, adjoining the bridge of Rotherham. Here are confiderahle iron-works, where all Ibrts of hammered and cafl iron goods are made, from the mofl trifling article to a large can- non, of which great quantities are ck-* ported. Mafcnra, the •weftern province of the kingdom of Algiers. 370 m long and 130 broad. It is dry, barren, and mountainous, except on the n fide, where there are plains abounding in corn, fruit, and pallure. The s parts are inhabited by independent wandering tribes, particularly the Angad tribe. Mafcara, the capital of the province of the fame name, in the kingdom of Algiers, with a ftrong caftle in which the bey refides. In 1732 it was an in- confiderable place ; but is now the only one in the kingdom, which, under the domination of the Turks, perceptibly increafes in profperity and extent. It is not fo large as Tremefan, but furpafles it in beauty, having a great number of good houfes and newly ere(5led mofques. It ftands ii the centre of a fertile a^.I populous diftridt, 45 m esk Oran, and 190 sw Algiers. Lon. o 40 e, lat. 35 54 n.' Ma/cat, a feaport o" Arabia Felix, and the chief town in the province of Oman, with an excellent harbour. It has a caftle on a rock, and is very ftrong both by nature and art, though the buildings are mean. It was taken, in 1508, by the Portuguefe, who retained h for a century and a half. The ca- thedral, built by the Portuguefe, is now the king's palace. There is no vege-- i;tt;an to 1 and only < the back 1 l)itant8 h;i air is fo that no _ ftreets fro covered laid on houfe top MAS tiit'an to bo fecn on the fcacoaft near it, and only a ftw date-ti -fs in a valley at the back of the town, i nigh the iiiha- hitants have all thinjis i i plenty. The air is (b hot from May ( ) Sfptemlicr, that no p^'ople are to In- ftvn in the ftreetsfrom ten till four. The ba/ars arc covered with ll't leaves of date- trees, laid on beams which reach from the houfe tops on one fide to thofe of the othor. The reliRion of the inhabitants it Mohamedanifm; and yet, contrary to the cuflom of the 'J'urks, they fuficr any one t»» go into their mofques. The prodm'ls of the country are hnrlls, dates, brimftone, coffee, and ruinofn, a root that dies red. Mafcat is (ealed at the foot of a range of mountains on a fmall bay of the Aribian fea. Luii. t^y i6 K, lat- 2,3 30 N. Mnjham, a town in N Yorkfliire, with a market on Tuefday, I'eated on (he river Ure, 9 m nw Rippon, and ? lO NNW London. MaJhanfTur^ a town of Candahar, in the province of Ca!)ul, fituate on the Seward, 48 m n Attock, and 130 ess Cabiil. Lon. 7r 7 e, lat 33 54. n. Mafktliine Ijle, a fmall beautiful illand in the Pacific ocean, lying off the fb point of Mallicollo, one of the New He- brides. Lon. 167 59 E, lat. 16 .^z s. Mafmunjier, a town of France, in the department of Upper Rliinc, 25 m ssw Colmar. MafOi the mofl: northern feipoit of Norway, at the heail of a bay, where veflels may winter in perfect fufety. It is 25 m sw olthe North Cape. Lon. 25 2 E, lat. 71 o N. Mafovia, a province of Great Po land, containing the two palatitiati's of Czerlk, or Maiovia Proper, and Plocz- ko. This province was fci/.cil hy Prui- fia, in the general divifion ; but at the peace of Tilfit it wa'i {jiven up to Six- ony. Warfaw is the chief city. MaJJa, a town of Italy, capital of a fmall principality of the fame name, on the gulf of Genoa, which is famous for its quarries of fine marble. The town and its territory belonged 10 Tulirany, but was given in 1806 to Lucc.t. Jt is feated on the Frigida, 3 m from the fea, and 24 NNw Pifa. Lon. 10 lo e, lat. 44 2 N. Majfa, a town of Tufoany, in the Siennefe. Borax and lapis lazuli are found in the neighbourhood. It is feat- ed on a mountain near the i'ea, 35 m sw Sienna- Lon. n 3 e, lat. 43 5 n. Mq/pi, a town o Naples, in Terra di Lavora, on the s fide of the bay of Na- ples, 30 m wsw Salerno. MA 5 UiilJ'iuhuf<:ts, oneef ilie United Stitei of Am.'rica, 150 m long and fr«)m 60 to 9)bM>id; bounded Oil t'lc n by NfW Hainpdiiro and N'erinont, w by New Y.irk, iiy ConnfJlicut, Rliode lilanJ, and the A'l.m i^ ocean, and i'. by Unt ocitn and .Maliiehulets bay. It is di- vided into 12 eountievi ; naiuly, Suf- folk, Nt)rfolk,l'ir X, Middlefex. Ilamp- ihire, VVorceller, Plymouth, Bainft able, Duke, Nantucket, Brillol, and Berk- (liire. There n-e five other countiis in the diftrid ot .Vlaiuc, which diltrii'l be- longs to Matraeluifct^. This ftite is well watered by a number nt' f nail ri- vers ; produces plenty of m.ti/e, wlieat, flax, hemp, copper, and iron; and has manulaUi.rc-s of iron, paper, leattn-r, linen and wooHcn cl'ith. In iHio the number of inhabitants wis 700,-45. Boftcm is the c ipital. See Mniue. Mnffhr/iufftj iJnj/, a l-.iy of N Ame- rica, which Jpreadb eaftward of Bofton, and is comprehended bi'lwecn < 'upe Ann on the n, and Cape Cod on the s. It i-? fo named, as well as the itate of M.iflachufcts, from a tribe of Indiana that formerly lived round this bay. Mnffafra, a town of Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 16 m nw Taranto. iMajfa^^ano, a town ofConiro, in An- gola, capital of a province of its name. It is Ceated on tht Coarizo, 140 m icsE Loancki Lon. 14 30 e, lat. 9 40 s. Ma[ia[uis a town of Mocarai \ia, near whicii are rich mines of gold. The Por- tuguefe are fettled here. It is fcited on a river, 300 m Nw Sofala. Lon. 31 55 b, lat. 185 .''• Majj'erano, a town of Piedmont, late- ly the capital of a fmall principality of the fame name. It is 40 m nne Turin. Lon. 8 14 E, lat. 45 38 n. Maffeuke, a town of France, in the de- partment of Gers, 14ms Auch. Majfoy a town of Further Pomerania, with a caftle, 10 m n New Stargard. Mafuaht a town of Abyflinia, fituate on an ifland on thecoafl of the Ked fea, with an excellent harbour, difl:ribnte(l into three divifions. The Louies, in general, are built of poles and bent grifs-, as in the towns of Arabia ; and a 'i^^w are cjf (tone, fome of them two ftoiies high. Lon. 39 36 e, lat. 15 35 n. Mo/faux, A town of France, in tlie de- partmentof UpperRhine, 10 m n Befort. Mafnlipatami a city and feaport of Hindooltan,iu the Circar ofCondapilly. It is a place of confiderable tra.le for chintzes and painted linens, and feated near one of the mouths of the Killna, 73 m s\" Rajamundry. Lon. 81 15 b, lat. 16 10 ^f. 1 ) - ■ ^■m':\ i l#t !l i ) ; ^ '\ '■ |i| ill ll ii MAT 3f but now a poor place, 10 m sE Caftlebar. Mayo, one of the Cape Verd ifiands, 17 m in circumference. The Nii end is low, and the land rifes gradually till it arrives at a volcanic mountain, to the sw of which is irregular ground, foon followed by a high dilorderlypeak mucii a G ®i'l ■, • f l.'l m Hi: :; iJ: .11 ms M EA more lofty ♦han the volcanic cone. The foil in Kt^neral is barren, and water fcarce ; but there are ph nty of beeres, goati, and aflei; as ulfo fome corn, yama. potatoes, plnntaine, figs, and watemnelonR. The chief commodity is fait, with which many Englifh (hips are fr iffhted in the iummer time. Pinofa i.< the principal town. Lon. aj 5 w, lat. 15 10 N. Mayorgftt a town of Portugal, in Edreraadura. near thi> Atlantic, 20 m w by M Lcira, and 7H n Lilbon. Mayorxa, a town of Spain, in Leon. on the Cea, 33 m rse Lcun. May/vtlle; fee Limejhne. Mnyivar'y fee Oudipour. Mayxaffran^ a river of the kincdom of Algiers, which runs into the Sicdi- icrranean, 30 m w Algiers. At its en- trance into the fea it is a conflderabic river, little inferior to the Shellif. Ma9aj;an, a ftrong town of the king- dom of Morocco, feated at the s extre- mity of a bay of its name, i ao m n w Morocco. Lon. 8 ij w, lat- 3 a la n. Mazal^uivert a leaport or Algiers, lately fubjedt to Spain. See Oran. MazanJeran, a province of Perfia, the ancient Mauritania ; bounded on the n by the Cafpian fea, e by ('horafan[, s by Irak, and w by Ghilan. The motintainti on the 8 boundary are cvivertd wiili timber trees; and the vallies produce filk, fruit, much fugar, and abundance of the finefl rice. Sari is the capital. Mazara, a feaport of Sicily, in Val di Mazara, and a bifhop's fee. It is built on the ruins of the ancient Sefinun- tum, and remarkable for its ntuiierous churches and convents, and for excel- lent wine. Here is a confiderable ex- port of wine, brandy, oil, foda, &c. It is 58 m sw Palermo. Lon. 1 a 38 e, lat. 37 46 N. Masutr'moy a town of Sicily, in Val di Noto, 46 m wsw Catariia. Mftzatlan, a feaport of New Spain, in Culiacan, on a river of its name, at the entrance of the gulf of California, lao m s Culiacan. Lon. 106 58 w, lat. 53 15 N. Maziera, or Maceira, an ifland m the Arabian fea, on the coaft of Oman, 50 m long, and from four to eight broad. Lon. 59 30 E, lat. ao 30 n. Meadia, a town of Hungary, in the baimat of Tcmefwar. It was taken by the Turks in 1738 and 1789, and is 13 m N Orfova. Mtao, a fmall ifland, one of the Mo- luccas, in the Indian ocean, with a good harbour. Lon. 127 5 e, lat. i la n. Minrns ; fee Kimardinejhire. M EC Meatli, or EaJI Mtat/i, a county of Irehind, In the province of Leinftn , u,(, vn long and 35 broad ; bounded on the N by Csv.in and Lotith. k by t!n: Irifln ffa and county of Dublin, s by tb.it county and Kildarc, and w by W Meath. It is divided into 147 parilhcs. contains about i i2|.}oo inhabitants, and lenda two members to parliament. It formerly contained (everal fmailbiihop. rics, which were gradually unite uo veined by a Ihi-ref, who i* a tt-mporal prince, and his nvenut is incrt-al'-ci by the doowi'iisof Moh.iiiitvtai) fovcrcigna. In iHr^u a warlike tanatical led called VVahaliiiec, from their toiitxicr Abdul Wahub, I'Dterrd thia city, i.om:nitteel great dcvaft;Ui..i). and dcdroyed tlje tombs on the pretence that they en- couraged idolatry. Mcca 's^nni kne Jidda, its feaport, and 200 :• by F. Me- dina. I.on. 4055 K, lat. : I 4 J N. Mechadebt a town ot Aiabia, in Ye- men, 72 ms Sana. Lon. 44 15 E, lat. 147 s. Merhlhti or Malines, a city of the Nethc'lands, in Brabant, and an areh- bidiop's fee. It conlilts of ll'veral iirall iflands made by artificial canals, over which are a great many bridges. The catiiedral is a fupcrb llrudute, with a very high fteeple. Here is a great foiin- dery for ordnance of all kinds; and the belt Brabant lace, fine linen, damaiks, carpets, and leather are made here. Mechlin fubmittedto the duke of Marl- borough in 1706, and was taken by the French in 1 746, but reftored in 1748- In 1792, it furrendered to the Frrnch, who evacuated it the next year, and re-enter- ed it in 1794. It is feated on the Dyle, 10 m NNF. Bruffels.and 15 sse Antwerp. Lon. 4 29 E, lat, 51 t N. MechoacaHf a province of New Spain, in the audience of Mexico; bounded on the N by New Bifcay, s by Panuco and Mexico, s by the Pacifia ocean, and w by Guadalaxara. It is very rid), abound- ing in all the necefTaries of life, mines of filver and copper, ple-ity of cocoa, much Hlk, Mechoacan root, and feveral odoriferous gums and balfams. Mechoacan, or Valladolid, a city of New Spatn> capital of the province of Mechoacan, and a bifliop's fee. The inhabitants areeiUmated at i8,ooo> and ' it is fupplied with potable water by a modern aqueduct. It is feated near the fource of a river, 130 m w by n Mexico. Lon. 100 52 w, lat. 19 3 s n. , Meckenheim, a town of France, in the department oi Rhine and Mofelle, late- ly of Germany, in tb« decorate of Co- MED lognc: fituate on the V^S^^ 8 n i*r Bonn. MrckhnbMrff, a duchy of G#rnwiny» in the circle of Lower S p^ftrrt'. Mcdi'iildicU vv.n t.ikfn Ity thr t.iik;l'fli in I';*)), li i:« it-.Ui.ki at llu tti- tratiicf into the Z*iyil< r /.t'rt iHm nk Amfttril:un. l.on ,\ 51 k. lit. 51 ,0 N Me.lfi,rili .1 t()\' It ol .M id'u hiite'K, in MiiUtii'lt X coiliiiy. IM)I((I lor ilillill' rirrt Villi lirick works; liatctl on tfw MyOiC, J ni tViun it< month, an I 4 n Hofloii. Mdinfi\ {{.e MttJitin. Mr,lin(i, t town ol Ar.ilMA D Uili, Cilihr.itnt for heing ihc hiiriil p' icr ol Mf'liami'd. li i^ i I'm. ill, pooi plaiVi but willed r iiiiiii, aiul has * Ur^f nuilqiK'. In oii»- corner of the ni-fifn'' ia a plaoi* 14 putH Iqii.iri', wiih guit wiiitUmii, ;»iitl In.tf'i gati's ; iinil in the multtlc V* as tlu' lomh «)f Mohiimt'd, f ii- clnlt'il kviili rich 1:111 t.iin6| .ind lichteJ by ii i'rs, 200 m N by w Mecca. Lon. T,i) 3j k, laC 24 30 N. Medina, a town of Spain, in Eflic- m.idtira, at the foot of a mountain, 25 m WNw Lerena, and 46 ist Bail.ijoz. Miditta del Vampoy a tt^wn of Spain, in Lfon, feated in a country abounding with corn and wine, 23 m S'jw Valla- dolid, and 48 K Salamanca. Medina C'e/i, a town of Spain, in Old Callilc, felted near the Xalon, 40 m ne Sigtiertza, and 88 s\v Sarag(.n'i. Medina de RioJ'eco, a town of Spain, in Leon, feated near the Sequillo, 21 m Kw Valhdolid, and 56 ssu L«'on. Medina Sidania, a town of Spain, in Andalulia. with a callle, 24 m si; Cadiz, and 60 s Seville. Mtdingen, a town of Lower Sixnny, in the duclijr ol Liineburp, Hated on tiie Ilmcnaii, 14 m ShK Luncbnrj,'. AlediterraniOH, a fi-a that extends be- tween Africa and liurope into Alia, communicating with tlu' Atlantic ocean by the Itrait of Gibraltar, and with the Black fca by the flrait of Gilipoli, the fea of Marmora, and ilic flrait of Con- ftaritinopie. It is of very >!rcat L'xtent, but has no tide, and a conit tut current fets in from the Atlantic, through the ftrait of Gibraltar. It contains many iflands, feveral of them large, as Ma- jorca, Coifica, S.Ardinia, Sicily, Cantiia, and Cyprus. The eaftcrn pari of it, !V! t: I hdrdi'i inpr on Afii, xn fotn* tlmri cillr-d th>' LfiiiHt Sea Mtdiiiki, a town of Poland, in thr province of Saniogitia, and .1 bifliopS fto , leatcd on the VVarwii/,, 40 m 1. .Mfmtl Medwat/, a rivtr of Ln^'l.^lld, which rifct i'l Alhdown forell. in Snllex ; rn- ttiiiiK Kent, It flows hy Tunbriilge to Miulltonr, anil is navigable thence to Hoclulirer; below which, at Chatham, it is A Itition for the r(»val navy. Di- vidinj< into two br,inchc^. the welhrn t)iie entcrn the Thamex, bL't«Ncen tlu* ifles of (m. in and Sh'epey, ar,', is de- fended by the fort at Shecrnci'*. The eadcrn br.n cli, called the Had Swale, piflis by Queenborough and Milton, .iiid enttra the G'.-rman ocean, below Ftvcidtam. M,-d VII, as ii re he ft;irvi'd "g poifonrd 8 XI. It ia w Boiirge.s. of France, 1 fv.*atcd on nidille lake ?th, which is 5 m Nvv >er Saxony, county of le- Jt in tlie river 'ull-n, and E, lat. 50 Mtifftn, or Mi/hia, .1 imrpr.nv.»te of Girminy, in thftircN oIlIppirMiixitfiy, 1-0 ni long and Ho broad ; boiindtui on Ihe N by the ddohy of Saxony, t by r,ii- (atia, a by Boh«-mi.i, mid v* Ity i'rui- coniu and Tluiringia. It ii< a fine coun- try, produciiijjf corn, wint-, mitiN, and all thr convtnicncis of lift' MelJJen, u tiwn of IJppi-r .Saxony, c.ipital of a mnpravate of the lame name, with a c;:ll!i-, in which iit a fa- niouH maniilic'lun- of porci-lain. The cathedral ha. a lofty (tecplf, Jtid it is thi! burial-place of tlit Sax^n prinecu to the y»ur is,^9 The bridge over the llllie, burn( tl down by the I'mfTnni in '".')7t lia!* bc'-n rf|)laced by anotln r of a \w •/ li.tiKUonu- eondrii.'Hon. Mt-id'i'n is f(MUil on till' rivulet Mtille, at iih jmu: tion with the Kibe, i% m nnw Drcf- den. Lou. i ) u e, lat. u 11 n. Mfij/?n/iei>n, ;i town of Friince, in the dcriartnvnt of S.nrr, litelyof ^inm.iny, in the ilm-iiyof Uenx Pont- ; (itu.iti't)ii tin- Olm, n m u by r. D.ux Por.tn, and 41 K Trivi ; and is (till a large place, but the houfcs are mean. It is 96 m ssE Saiyrnu. Lon. 27 50 e, lat. 37 Afe/azzo'f fee Mi'izzo. Melbourne a village in D< ibyiuire, 8 m s by e Derby. Here aw the \tf- tiges of an ancient caltle ; and it has a m inufa(flure of worfttd Itockings Melck, a town of Auftria, with a Benedi(?tiiic abbey on a high rock, near the Danube, 10 m w St. Polten. Melcomb Begij, a town in Dorfet- ihire, united to Weymoutli as a port, as a corporation, and as a market-town, but is a difliiiiJl borough. It is feated on the N fide of an arm of the fca, and joined to Weymouth by a timber bridge, which has a drawbridge in the middle, to admit the palTage of fliips into the weftein part of the harbour. M'Icnmb li.n good Ifreeti and yirdi for uicrcli.uiiliA', and 11 127 ni \^'(w London. See H'tt/mnuth j^telil. la, a town of Italy, ir Rorr.ipna, >l m "w Kavenna. Mi Unit A town of the Netherlandif, in Hra().int, 10 ni .sc I.ouvain Mj.lorf, (1 town of Lower S;iXnry, in Hollii 01, near tli' mouth ot the Myla, 3J m NNw OlucI ll n(t. Mil.lruw, a town of Srotl.ituI, in Aberd. I ' Ihirr, with a maniifai*thre nf lioliii y and a fimoiis brewery, 17 m NN« .M), rdr (II, Ml'i ^ town of Niple;, in ndiKcat t, with u eallic on a roek, io ui st,\\ Aee- ren/a. Mrl^ii-n, a toun of Pnvtnj, '1, in Kntre J">ouio «• Miidio, with .t inong ciflle; leated oil the Minho, 17 nt N by t Biaga. Mi'/ii.'ii, an ifland of Dilmitia, in th(? gulf ot Vt'hice, and in the republic of U.i^'iifi. It id .)n at 26 ' , iat. a 46 n MtmmhixtHt a toiAin of 8u.ibi.i, dtu fendtd by irt, and liirronnilrd by a mMf.if't. It h.i« a conlidcrable trade in fine linen, fuflinn, rotion, paper, fait, a'ld hops. Near thi:i pl:ico, in 170 J, the Frtiich rr publicans defeated the em'gr.«n(^ under thf piincc ot Conde ; and in 1800 the Frrnch defeated the Aiinnani, and took the town. It is feiiidina futile |)l.iin, mar the river Iller, iH m s by v. IJIm. Lon. 10 la », lat. 4H o N. Miiiiin, a river of th»' kin^Jidom of Siam, which p.ilHs by the cityof Siam, and enters the gulf of Siam, below Bjncock. Th»'r»' arr (everal fingulu- filhe t in it, and CKKodiIrs ; and it* fertile (hi»ro;« fwtrni with monkryi, fire-ilieu, and mofkit()4. MenJa/i, a town of Aliatic Turkey, in Kiirdifl.m, the rcfii!(ncc of a bey. It \n li.uate on the borders of Irak Arabi and Irak .Agemi, furroniulcd with fine gardi-n'f, 80 m nne Bagdad, and 100 asK Kerkouk Mende, a town of Fr,jnce, capital of the dipanment o^ Lozcre, and a bifli p'-, fee. I lie fountain'^, and one of tlic ftceplesi of the cathedral, an- rem.trk- able. It h,iR manut'idtures of Icr^es and other woolhii ftuffs, Am\ i« li.Mied ou the Lot, 35 m sw INiy, and 110 s by r; Paris Lnn 3 .^o f., lat 44 .M n. MetiiUp Uif/j, :i lo'ty tract in the ne of Siimtiltilhirc, abouniling in coil, calamine, and lead; th«* latter fiid to be of a hardf (pi.tiity than itiat of other coun'rieN Copper, m myancff, Im>Ic, and tid oelnc, arc alio found in thtfc hi!i... At ihf bottom of a d' cp ravim^, near the village of Betringtun, a civcin was diftovered in i;*)^, in wliiJi was a great number of liiitnnn bones, niany of them iiicmfted with a calcircous ce- ment, and a Lirge portion incorpuialcd with the folid rock. MciuloHt a town of M.in'.ichnfcts, in Worccfter county, i3 rn se Worceftcr, and 36 vsw Bofton. JSlendoza, a town of Chili, capital of a jurifdidion, which includes the town of St. Juan de |a Frontera. It ftanda on the c lide of the Andes, in a plain adorned with gardens, well watered by canals, 100 m bne St. Jago. Lon. 70 la w, lat. 340 s. ijr«W)«IW»>.v"— ^■ .^JPWW'.l5W;-'.= '- [C'lnfch ll,,r, J: ♦•nfr.inrc into .'» »»ii76m [o Nt Dani/ic. I V M Sn.ibi.i, il,., /"ii'uird |)y ;, fr^hle trade In I', p.ipcr, filf, !:ic.-. in ,7,5, . "iJabifli p'v; ""C of tJi,: ar<' rcmnrk. <)fl<*r^.i'flan(l i' li.Mttd on d 110 s by ri 4 ,n N. i«^t in the VE "K' in coil, a'tcr ("lid t(j I'lat of r)t|>(.i- •"'Cfi', l),l|f, iiid in VmU ''• t-p ravini', )ii» a civfin ^''i^h was a "ncs. ni;iriy iciri'oi/s (.1;- icorpoiatcd chiifcts. in Worccfter, > capital of '8 the town Jt ftands in a plain vatertd by BO. Lon. MEN ^ttndrah, A province of th< kingilom t>i Frx/ao, much of which in 11 con* tinued It'vcl i»t h.ud and barren foil i tuit th** t^iuiiiuy of tron.i, 1 fp-'ciiH of fi»iTll ^Iknli, th4t noat« on the furfacc, ox fcttlft on the banki ol ill nuiDrroiit fiiinkinf lakri. hu tfivcii it a hlxhcr importance than that of thr mod fntilr fHdriAi. It has a town uf thr fame name, 60 m 1 Mourxuuk. Mtndrijiot • town of SwifTrland, eipital of a bailiwic, lying between ih** lake* of Cumo aiul Lug mo. It con- taini frveral convintf, and i* ; m w by N Ct)mo. MiUfhoulJ, St » town of France, la thi! dcp"\rtm»'iit of Mam-', with a caftlc on a luck. In 171;!, thr I'rench ^Mvt* flK- firll 'chi'ok to the progrfln tif ihc I'riini iiu It this plate, u'hich in tlw en I compellcil \)\vn\ to a rftr«Mt. It it f at- ed Ml a niorafs, on the livor Afi*', be- tween two rock", 20 m ^ nj- CIi.iIdih. Mrn^fH, a town of Snabia, ni the county of Ilohi'iibcr^r, fcale.l on the Danube, torn r,>i: Kuthwcil. Mfnjfennjjfiaujen, a town i»nd c»f>ic of Germany, in the county of \Va;U«ck| 8 m Ni- Corb.icb. Menin, a town of the Netliorlinds, in Flanders II lias bcni often taken ; the lad tiaic by tlw French in 1794. It ii fe.it I'd on thr Li'., H m «k Yprti, and 10 V Lille. Mfntou, a town of Italy, In i!u' pi in. cipality of Monaco, lirati d near d.c foa, 5 m ^ VK Monaco. MentZt a late .irclibidu^pric and elec- torate of Germany, in tlic ciicle of Lower Rhine ; bounded on thu n by 11 111' and VVitteravia, f. by Fraticonia, s by the p ila'inatc of the Rhine, and w by the elevHoratc of Treves It pro- dncB much corn, fine garden fruits, and abnndince ol txctllent wmes. In ijijH, this irchbifhnpric and elcflorate, then ilic fiilt Ibite of the empire, was movcil to Ratifbon, and all other bi- Ihoprici were iccularized. In 180-1, the fmall p.irt of this tirritory lyinj; on the Itit bunk of the Rhine, inelntling tlip city of Mentz, becun«* fnbjed to France; and the nil was given as in- dt'innities to the iieighbonring German princes. Mentz, or Mai/rnce, a city of France, cnpital of the department of Mont I'tmncrre, and a bilhop's fee ; lately a city of Germany, capital of the elec- torate of Mcnt/, and an archbifliop's lee. It is well fortified, and deemed to be a barrier fortrcfj. The palace, called Martinfburg, is a confiderable building, partly ancient and partly M r, g modern t anil oppoftte ih- mout!i of (he Miin<>U a caiHe, calUd Kiyoiita, with tlitf itardrnt mA water W(*rki. Tl'< unlverrtfy, fouti ,10(1 m.tnufu'lurcit of ftulfn .iiid rto''l:lii^»i. The city U bnilt in an irrc,tular m.inmi , and pl.-ntitulljr oro* vldtd with churchei. In thecithrdral, whiih I1 I Kloiijny fd)ric, N what they call a treafuiy, cotitiinini^ a numlvr of clumfy jewi'lii, fome rclicn, and a rich war«lrobeofla.'erdotalvefVm«'i»fs Mentx Il one of the townn which cliini the in« vention of printing; t i>n" ore it furrcndcreu to tlie al'iei It w.ii4 twice rrattarkrd by the Fi 'n h in 1795, hut they were del\ ii-il !iy iheAuftiian«, ^vho alfo rt- Iieveilit from a bItKkadvof ' wo monthi, in 179^1. They foon aftrr -rftimedthc fiepe, which rontinucd till the figning I.''' the treaty of Uiliria, in i;*;;. when it was taken pofTifTlon of by the French. .Mcntz IS felted on the Rhine, jiilt bilow the influx of the Maine, antj on the oppofiti* lide is the town of C'alTel, connected with it by a bridge of bo 11 1. It is 41 m wsw Frankfovt, and 70 k by V Trcvcfl. Lon, S to r, ht. 47 58 n. Menuf, a town of Egypt, in a well • cultivated connrry, near that brai". h of the Nile wliich Hows to Rufelta, 40 ni N.vw Cairo. Mi-nzala, a town of Egypt, near a lake of the fame name, which is 60 m long, and feparated trom the .Mediter- ranean by a narrow flip of land. It is 20 m ssK Damietta, and 73 NNt Cairo. Lon. 32 % E, lat. 31 3 N. ytfppeti, a fortified town of Weft- pbalia, in the principality of Munfter, fi ated .it the conilnx of the Hale with the Ems, 10 m n Lingcn. Mequ'iKenza, a town of Spain, in Aragon, with a caftle ; feated at the conHiix of the Scgra with thu b.bro, 58 m vsh '-MngoHa, and iKo kne Madrid. Meqitiritzt a city of the kingdom of Fez, and a capital of ihe empire of Morocco. It is feated in a delightful plain, having a fereneand clear air ; for which reafon the emperor reTuler. in tbii place in preference to Fez. The inha- bitants arc eftimated at 1 10,000. In the middle of the city, the Jews have a place to them'\ives, the gates of which are locked ^very night, and guarded- 5 m : f : • .{. ! i\ : i: ! -."t!" I ■ !^l F. II Cl"f<' l»y MfquliH/t, ot, «h- "(w A fr, U ■ Urrc Nt'K''* tiivvii, which t,\kt» up At much Krouiitt 4* ihc < ityi t>>ii ihr htiufi • Att nut In huti* nor fo well buitt The hih iMtmit* Nrc ali hl.icli«» or of a tUrk tawiiv colour t anti hrrtce lit frnprntr rrcruit« tli# loliliir* for hit ctMirt. The Irtiprriul ptiarv lt.in>l< oti thr* « litti-, .'\t)il i< l.irjfrih.iri thii uf Ve/.. Tin* hotift't of .\r«'qtilnr/ «rc very K'>«'«I« «'>»l "'< ftrrrtt riiTcdin^ly iLirrow i litit the liffht comet in .it tin* hick i»l'lh«' lioiili ; vAwrr thrre h » f«|u irc court, with .» fountain In thr niitUllr if (h>- liuufi* he* long to .1 pt-rl'on ut' uny rAiik. 'I'hvy Ate n.tt :it the topi .uul ih'.* womci'i who live ill till* upprr .ipirtnuntN, nircn fiflt r.ich other trom th«! tops of tin- houfrK. Thiir cuftnni .ml m.ininiM are nuu-h the r.iiiir ai ilioic of oihcr Moli.iriii-(l.inii t hut they ;ii(- mui'li nunc nflfahlo th.in In ihc routluni province*. Mequlnc/ ii 40 m w IVz. Lon. ( o vv, lat. Yi 40 N. MtKt a town of Fnuec. Im the tie- p.irimerit ut Loir and Cher, 1 1 ui nnw Hloif. Mernn, a town of Cermany, in Ty- rol, ot which it wan formerly the c.ipi- t.il. It h,i:i fix churches nnu cotivrntH, an. lair. nnw Hot- /en. Lon. II ^ K, lat. 46 V) ^■ Mfra'if^/ia, a town of Periit, in Ailer- hijiin, whcie a great ([uintity of the tnarbh" of Tituiit is got alotij; the cn.ift of the like iriinii. It (1 ui(l» tu.ir tlu »K honiei of the lal.t, 6u in ^) |o N. MfrjfhfH, or Mergmn, arltyofRaft. rriiT.irt iiy, inlheproviitk.r«>f Tcitcicar, liratiil on thi* Ntuiiii, 140 nt n by % Tciteie ir. I. on. I i4 .55 » . lat. t9 lO f" . Mti^^uit a leapori on Ihc w eoafi of Minn, vsilh nil txeclh-ni hurtuiur. It w.iM wirlt^-tl I'loin the Hiainde by the itirin.M)« iind i» ]oH in tw Mam. Lon. •>H () v., lat It ;a w. Mftiih, a nron^ town of Spain, In I'Urtin.ulm.i, built liy the Komaiu, bt« foic the liiith III Clinlk. line arr line rcm.iiiM ol .tnti(|uity, pitrticulirly a tri- umphal aieh. It ii f-atciJ in .m rxien* (ive tVrtih- pl.iii), on the river (iii idian.1, over whi'h '\x a noble Koniaii bruljre, 4) m I'. Uad.iji//.. i.un. 3 ^8 w, Lit. .?« 47 **' MaitU, A city of New Spain, capital of Juc.itau, and a Itiliop't fee. The inh.ioitanlN are c(\iin tied at 10,000, and the trade by I'e.i is at the port of Sit^il. Thi* eity fl uid-i In .in arid plain, (o m 8 of the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 89 o W| lat JO n6 N. MrrUiu a town of Terra I'irma, in till" piovince of Venezuela, f^ated in u country alxiunding with all kinch of fruit, i^>o m s Venezuela, i.un. 71 o w, lat. H y, N. Merhnethjhire, a county of Wales, lionndid on the n by C.itnarvonniireand Dcnl)if(hlhirc. k by the latter county and that of Montgomery, s by Cardi- g iiifliire, and w by the IriOi fia. It is ^6 m long and ., » broad, containing 44>,24o acres; iidivided into live hun- dreds, and aj pariOici ; has four market- towns, and fends one member to p ir- li.uncnt. The nundier of inhabitants wa8 29,5:6 in I But, and 30,9:4 iu iHii. The face of this county is varied throughout with a romantic mixture of all the peculiar fernery belonging tf) a wild and mountainous region. The principal rivers arc the Dee and Dyfi ; and it has a great mountain, named Cadcr Idris, one of the highell in Wales. Harlech is the couiity-lown, and DoU gcl'y the largell. Meritc/i, a town and important for- trels of Ilindooftan, in the country of Viliapour. It was taken by Hyder Ally in 1778; and is fituatc near th« m bank of the Kiltna, 62 m sw ViG- apour. J\Jerk, a river of Dutch Brabant, which runs n by Breda, afterward turns W| and enters one of the mouths M F, II „f ihe rWrr Mfulc, oppofttf the ifljnil ul Ovrrlhclirr, In llolljiul. }hr0, Miiiftri^l of rmiicnW, cumprt- hcii.tiii' thr ciHiiitlri of C}i.4UiK(*r, J)ivt'l|iin, Siiiitiifr, K'>ixflfoti, tiitti M'liitKomrry The chief town U Niniviiic. Mrr«t A ftriirtK town of lhi« kltiititom i<1 IV>;ij, 140 m »w I'l'gii. 1/>N. vH j6 » , III. 16 U N, Mtrtit, N town of Prrlb. in Chnrj|> \.v\, I'iMicil in afiriilc contitry, which t)iihlii«;P4 fall, 111 m kw ItolkhAu. l.tlll' <)| if K, lit. .17 40 N, M^rthmu, .1 riViT of the (Jnitftl SiHt'*. formed by thr Jnn^iion uf the p.-itiiy<'W.tlli't aiitl VVitmi|iilrogfi', in tin* ccneif t»f Ni'w ILimplhire. Il« Cdiirrr ill t till it cttter* MafTtchiifct'* ; U tiicn tiirn« 9, uiul p.ilftt imo the (Ki'an at Ncwhury. It 1* n^viK.iliic tor \cll''l' of biiriliMi to m t'r irn in tnDinh, wlinc It i» iibllrtuMfil hy th»' fli ft rapidn, c.ilicil Mitchull'* Kthly, a little above Iljvirhill. M^n ; lire lltfwitk/hire. M/ijl'urjf, a town ot Ifpprr S.txnny, In 'I'liiitiiiKi'i. I.tti'ly .1 t>illr)priu. llie moll rctiurliable bnildinKii are the entile, tiic cithcdul, anil the acid-'iny. The brcwin^t and cxport.itioii otftroiig beer it (he princip.il empUiymcnt ol'thf iii« habitants It i* fcatcd un theSual, 10 in Nw Lcipzic- l-on. n 13 k, lat 51 Mi'rjbitrgt I town of Swabia, In the late bilhupric of Conflanci*, with a c.iftli", an academy for llcular cl«'rf{y, aikl .1 nonuiiicjii convent. It i» (eattd on the N tide of the lake uf Coiidancc* 6 in Nk Conftancc. yJifrj'etft a liver of Enj^Iand, which rili'u in the n extremity of the Peak in Di'ibylhirt', rcctivt'» the Tame at Stock- port, and lower down, thr Irwell; it tliL-n p dH-'fl by Warrinp'on, and receives the WtavtT, at Frodlham, wlurc it forms a bioad eduary, that contracts on its approach to Liverpool, below which it entrrs the Ii illi li-a. 'J'his river not only atlordd lalmoti, luit it is vifited by anmial riioals of fnu'li i, here c;iil(d Iparlinjjs, of a remarkable (ize and lla- vaur. Mersey t iii ifland in Ifl't-x, between the mouth of the Coin an^l the entrance of Blackwatcr bay. I^ has two parifhes, call.'d Eaft and Well MrrHy, 7 m s Colcheftcr. Merthyr TudfyU a town of Wales, in 01an\orgaijihire, with a market on Wednelday and Saturday. It has a canal to Cardiff, ininen of iron and ccial, and confideruble iron*work«> Three m M I. S lo thi* w are Ih'* rntum* of Mor las ciill^« totrnerly a ftrong pUc It I* It'.i'.cd oA ih« TaH, 14 in MM w Cardiff; ana 171 w Londiin Mtrtolii, a ftinnir town of Portiifal* in Atentrjo, f*'4ti'd near tii*- (itiidiiii4| to r.\ s £vora, and log «t Liiban. Lon. 7 47 W. Ut. .(7 41 N. M'tlfn, a »tllj(tc In Horry, fcuird «iH ihi« VV antll<», 7 in »w |,oii.|ihi. It ha>l aci li-l>r.)ted ibt)cy. whcic ileiiry in. in 11)6, h formerly a maKnifii'int city, and the ri lid< ncf of many liiltanit but liiil waile by the 'i'urcumaiit, after the defeat of I'lltan Harni,if,iii the 1 ith century It h lituate on fl|i- Miir;ral, :4o n» n II ru. Mtni til ititJ, a town nl I'nTii, iti Chorafan, IhiMte on the Mur^ab, 140 m N by r. Merit. yifrvft the north branch of the river MeiKc, in IIoIiiLd, on which the ciiy of Kutt<-rdain \* icatfd. Mervillf, a town of Fr.ince, In the department of N 'rd, leated on the Lis, 19 m sK Cani'l,aiid 14 svv Menin. MfJ'chedt or Mfjjf/iiJ, a city of Perfi.i, capit.il of I'horalan. It is lurrounded by a flronpf wall, 10 m in circuit, and divided into It di(lri«:ts, of which five are in ruins; and it contains a popula- titin iii 50,000 lliuls. The houf«s are mi'atily built, and thr ark, or palate, is unworthy of the iiami*. Th«' city is governed by a prin^*-, and is famous for the m,i|;niticcnt fepiikhre «)f Itn.in Rifa, of the tirtjily of Ali. Hire are minii- laiJlures of ihv rnitll velvet, btautifiil pottery, and Ikins. The ba/. ir extendi thrcmgh tin- city from k to w, 3 rn iii ]i-ngtli, and is wrli I'upplitd with tr.iita and provifions. Caravans are continu* ally pafTing tliroii);h thin city from iJok- haria, Ualu, Caiulahar, Ilindooflan, and all ptrts of IVrlia. It iii fituatc on a river of its name, in a rich plain, 170 m ENt Allcrabad, and 470 nk llpahan. Lon. 57 20 E, lat 37 .^6 n. MeJc/icJ 4li, or I^ejijf, a town of Afiiitic Turkey, in Irak Arabi, near the lake Ntjiff, or Rahema, which commu- nicates with the Euphrates by a caual. Here Ali, tht; lon-in-law, and one of the fuccefluis of Mobamcd was interred; Mfl llf M E S and his tomb is .'inuu^lly vififed by a grt'at numh<'t<)f Perli.in pilj^iims. It is 110 m b Urigilad. Loii. 4t 50 r,, lat. Mi'fched Ilojfdn, or kfrb^la, a town of Aliatic 'I'urkey, in Irak Anilii, x. the extremity of a canal drawn from the Euphrates. Nt-.ir this place ll.ircin, the fon of Ali, was flain ; and (ince his interment here, numerous pilgrims of the fcc'l of Ali flock from all q-iartcrs tovifitthc flirine. Itis6f, m 8swB;igdad. Mejchede, a town of the duchy of Wrftphalia, with a collegiate church, on the river Uoer, 7 m sE Aretifbrrg. AAyJ-rz/fA, H town of Murivia, in the circle of I^ilau, 17 m e 1^1 ui. Mfferlfclt, a town of Moravia, in the circ'c ot Prerau, 30 m e by s Olmutz. MeJ'xircli, a luwn of Suahia, in the county of Furftcnburg, 17 m n Uber- lingen. Mfjja, a town of Morocco, on a river of thi fame name, not far from thf At- laiuic Near it is a moique, in which arc the bnnes of a whale, which the in- habitanis confidcr as the bones of the whale that iwallowed Jonah. It is 165 m sw Morocco. Lon. ta 46 w, lit. a8 58N. ^IpJJ'rlnn^p, a town of European Tur- key, 11; Livadia, on the se lide of a lalt maini, '20 m w by s Lcpanto. Meflna, a city and feaport of Sicily, in V-d di Demunn, nnd the lee of an archbiihop, with a ftroi p citadel P"d feveral forts. It is 5 m in circumfer- ence, and has four large fuburb-*. Be- fide the cathedral, admired for a fine gothic front, there are about fifty other churches, many of them adorned with pidurts, chiefly by MtfTinian painters. The numerous convents are in general lar^ie, and richly ornamented. 'J'be royal palace and the fenate-houfe are fine edifices. The harbour is one of the fo felt in the Mediterranean, and has a quay above a mile in ktigth. It h,Ts a great trade in filic, oil, fruit, corn, and excellent wine. In 1780, it luff'cred wucb by an earthquake; and in 1783, was liali^dt'flroyed by the fame calami- ty; hnce which it has been rebuilt, with elegant houfcs, only two Itories high. The inhabitants are eftimated at near 90,000. It is feated on the faro or ftrait of Meflina, which feparater. Sicily from Calabiia, 12; m e Palermo. Lon. 15 56 E, lat. 38 10 NT. Me/fing^ a town of Franconia, in the principality of Aichftat, 14 m nne Aichftat. Meftre, a town of Italy, in Oogado, 8 xn Nw Venice. IM E T Mfjhratai a town of Bnrbary, in Tri- puii, and the capital of a di(lri(lt of the fame name, with an old caflle, where the governor refides. It flands on Cape MeliiraM, the w point of ihe gulf of Sibra, under which is good anchorage in weflerly windn. Caravans travel hence to Fezzan and other interior parti of Africa, which caufes a great trade. It is 1 20 m ESI'. Tripoli. Lon. 14 j8 e, lat. 32 6 N. Mi;:apu:a, a town of the ifle of Bor. neo, in the kingdom of Banjormnfljn, 71 m N y, Banjermuflin, and 100 se Negara. Metilen, a town of Weflphalia, in the principality of Munfter, 19 m nw Miinfter. Met'Aii, or Myt'ilenr, an ifland of the Archipeliigo, antitntly call<;d Lefbos, to the N ot Si:in, and almofl ;«t the entrance of the g'lU of Gueftro. It is 40 m long and 24 hroad, fbmewhat mountainous, and ha-^ many hot fprings. The foil is very good, and the ruounlalns are cool, being covered with wood in many places. It produces goml wheat, wine, and oil, and the belt figs in the Archi- pelago It is fubjed to the Turks } and the capital ir Caliro. Mctliil, a town of Scodand, in Fife- flrirc, with a fafe harbour on the frith of Forih, whence much fait and coal is cxjK)ned. It is 8 m nf. Kirkaldy. j\hi!ii":n, a town ol" Scotland, in Pertliihire, with an ancieni caille, i^nd manufaijhires (;f linen. In jjo6, king Rnb<'rt Bruce was defeated here by the En'flifli troops under the carl of Pcnibrolc<\ It is 6 m vvnw Perth. Methivold, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Tuefday, i j; m n w Thetford, and 84 N N K l.cHidoii. Mftiif!ff, or Mottlingf .t ftrong town of (Jeimany, in Carniola, feated on the Kiilp, (>ti tlie frontiers ot Croatia, 13 m NW Carhladt, and 40 se Lauhach. Mfiro, a river of Italy, which rifes on the fiontiers of TuJcany, croffesthe duchy of Urbino, and enters the gulf of Venice, near Fano. Metropolis a town of the ifland of Can- dia, on the lite of the ancient Gortinia, of which many veftiges remain. It is 22 m s'iu' Candia. MetK-t -A city of Frar.ce, capital of the department of Mofeile, and a bifhop's fee The fortificatio.is are excellent, and it has three citadels and noble bar- racks. The cathedral is one of the fineftjn huropc The Jews, about .Upoo, live* in a part of the town by themfelves, and have a fynagogue. The Iweetnreats made here are in high ef- teem. Jt js feated at the conflux 0/ the -..'trstf igU'^j'; . «WSR«!W:^W!«w rhary, in Tri- tl'ftri^tofthc caftle, where ands on Cape 'f ihe gulf of od anchorage ravans travti ■interior parti rt'at trade. Jt '458 E, lat. e inn of Bor. njermiiflin, 71 30 SE Negara. ''"eftphalia, in r, 19 tn Nw in^nd of the It'll Lefbos, to tlie entrance is 40 m long mountainous, The foil is ains are cool, od in many wheat, wine, in the Archi- R Turks } and and, in Fife- • on the frith It and coal is ikaldy. Scotland, in I caltle, i^nd n IJ06, king ed here by the carl of V Perth. irfoik, with a wThetfoid, ftrong town en ted on the lo.jtia, 13 m HI bach, which rifes ■, crofles the s the gulf of land of Can- nt Gortinia, li". It is 22 ipital of the rf a bifhop'9 i excellent, I noble bar- one of the ^ws, about e town bv ogue. The in high ef- ifluxo/the MEX Iklofelle and Seille, 35 m iff by w Nancy, and 190 NE Paris. Lon. 6 10 t, lat. 49 7 ^^ Metidon, a village of France, with a magnificent palace on the Seine, 6 m se Paris. Mculan, a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine and Oife, built in the form of an amphitheatre, on the river Seine, over which are two bridges, ao m Nw Paris. Meurs, or Moerst a town of France in the department of Roer, lately ot Germany, In the ele»5torate of Cologne. It has a caftle, and was formerly a place of ftrength, but the fortifications were deftroyeid in 1764. It is 17 m se Gel- ders, Mfutft a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of Lorrain. It is fo callt'd from a river, which rifes in the department of Volges, and flows by Luneville and Nancy into the Mofelle. Nancy is the capital. Meufct a river that rifes in France, near the village of Meufc, in the de- partment of Upper iVIarne. It witcrs Verdun, Stenay, Sedan, Doncherry, Mezierea, and Charlevilte; and enter- ing the Nethertnnds at Givet, it flows to Ciarlemont, Driant. Namur, Huy. Lifgc, Maeftricht, Ruremtmde, Venlo, Grave, Baittnbnrg, Rav^ftein, Gorcnm (where it receives the Waal) andWor- cum. At Dort it divides into four prin- cipal branches, V^t moft northern of which is cailei! the Mrrve. Thcfc form the iflands of Ylielmonde, Vonrn, and Ovcrflackee, and enter the German ocean bulow Bricl, Helvoctfluys, an(l Goree. Mettfe, a department of France, in- cluding the late duchy of IJar. It takes its name from the river Meufe. liar le Due is the capital. Meufe, Lower, a new department of France, including the weflern part of Upper GeUlerland, and the narthern part of Liege and of Limburg. The capital is Maeftricht. Me-wut, a hilly and woody tracfl of Hindooftai), lying on the sw of Delhi, confining the low country, along the w bank of the Jumna, to a comparatively narrow flip, and extending wcftward 130 m. From n to s it is 90 m. Its inhabitants, the Mewatti, have been ever charadlerifed as the moft lavage and brutal, and they are ftill noted as thieves and robbers. The country contains fome ftrong fortrefles on fteep ^'forinacceffibltf hills. MeJcicaft^, ct» Adapes, a river of New ■ SiMiIrt, on the (JoiVfines of Louiliana, which rwna into iho gulf of Mexico. MEX Mexico, or New Xpain, an extenfive country of N America; noundfd on the K by New Navtrre, New Mexico, and countries unknown, k by Louiliana, the f;ulf of Mexico, tlie Caribean U-a. and 'aiiama, s by the l"* cific ocean and w by the lame and the jiulf of ("alilornia. It lies between 81 and no w Ion. and exteiid"! from 7 to 3a n lat. bfiij? 2000 m long, and in the n part abovi' Xoo broad, but it decreafts thtnce co'ifi Icr- ably, and in fome of the s pans is only from 40 to lao broad. I" jjeneral, it is a mountainous country,intermixeil ^vith many rich valleys; but the higMeft mountains are near the coait of tlu' Pi- cific ocean, many of which are volcanos. The eaftern ftio-e i- a H^t country, full of impenetrabln f reds, with \\o^\ and moralTes, overflowed in tlic rainy leafon, which \i fro n April to S^p't ber. Al- though Mexico is within the torrid zone, the ciirate is temper-ite and healthy. No country abounds m .re with grain, fruits, rootj», and veijeta- blea; and it is fiiigularly fertile in plants, which yield Ualiam.^, gums, rclins, and oils. The mines products liilphur, aluin, vitriol, cinnabar, o;;hre, quicklilvcr, iron, Irad, tin, copper, di- ver, .nul goi(r Diamoids arcitMl torn d, though but few;anvlthi-reareainct'iylh, cats-eyes, tiirquoiii'-, cornelians, and Ibme green ft ones not itui'-h inferior to emeralds. There are mount-iins of loadfton;'; and great abundance of the famous flone called itztii, which is li-mi- traiil'paren-, of a glolTy fiibftnce, and generally b!ack, of which the Indians make looking-glafTfs, &c. there are alio quarries of jalper, porpliyry, and exqui- lite marble. Cochineal is almoll pecu- liar to t'ais country ; its indigo and co- coa -V, J fuperior to any in America; and its Itgwood his been loner nn important article of commerce. Among the qua- drupeds are the puma, jaqnar, bears, elks, wolves, foxe.s, deer, *fc. The domtftic animals of Europe, particularly horned cattle, have multiplied here with great rapidity; numbers of thefe now range over the vaft plains, in herds of from 30 to 40,000, and are killed merely for the fake of their hides, which are annually exported, in vaft quantities, to Europe. Birds are immenfely numerous; above 30O fpecies are peculiar to the country, and many of them fnperlatively btauti- ful for their plumage. Th- inhabitants confift of native Span' ..ds ; Creoles, who are defcendants of Spaniards ; Mu- lattos, the ilTue of an European and an African flave ; Metifs, born of an Euro- pean and an Indian ; Meilizes, the otf- Ipring of the Metifs; their defcendants Ws Mm. it it« ;,'. ^^S: i ,1 I I ■( ( ■ * Mk 1 m Ill i ' MEX Tcrcfroons, nnd Qii irterocna ; after vrliom the fittli generation enjoys all the benefit of Creoles. New Sp.iin i« tliviilfd into three aiiclirnccs, GiKila- laxir.i, Mexico, ainl Giutimala ; and fuhdividcd into tin? foliowinp provinces: namj'ly, Guadalaxara, Cidiacaii. Cina- loa, Soiiora, N«'w Hilcay, and 7. icato cas; Mexico, Mechoacm, Cohaliuih, 'iVxas, New Leon, Pnnnco, Tl.di-.ilH, Gii.ixaca, Tabafco, and Jncatan ; Gii i timii;., Soconiifco, Cliiipa. Vfra l^lz, Honduras, Nicaraj?na, Cofla Rici, and Vcrajiua, The whole coiiniry is go- vevrcd hy a viceroy. Mexico, one of the three audiences cf Now Sp.iii), and a province bounded on tilt; N' b'/ GuUteca, k by Tl;>(cai.i, s by the P.icific ocean, and w by Mechoacaii. The trcatcfl part of tlie province is mountainous; but there are innmrnfe plains and extenlive vallits, the foil of \v*i!ch is lb truittui that all the nccefla- iies of life are fxccedin^ly rcafonabU', and its lilvcr mines are richer than thofo cf any other province. The richnefs of the country furnilhes every article of com- merce, and the roads, Inkts, and rivers every nquifiteof domeftic intu'courle, MexicOi the capital of the province and audience of Mexico, and or all New Spain. It was a flouriihing city l)efore the Spaniards entered the country, and was feated on feveral iflands, in a falt- watcr lake, called Ttzcuco, to which there was no entrance, but by three caufeways, each a m long. Theciiciiit of the city, exclulive of the fuburbp, was 8 m ; and it contained at lead .50,000 houiijs, with lt;veral large tempU-s, full of rich idols, and three palaces. Mexi- co was taken by Cortez, in 152 1, after a fiege of near three months. As the Mexicans defended themfelvcs from ftreet to ftreet, it was almoft ruined, but afterward rebuilt by the Spaniards. The ftreets are very fpacious, and fo ex- actly difpofed, that in point of regularity it is the fined city in the world; and the great caufeways and large avenues of elms and poplars leading to it, with the want of walls, gates, and artillery, render Mexico extremely remarkable. The great fquare in the centre of the city, and the public buildings, are mag- nificent. There are 34 public churches, and 36 monafteries and 29 nunneries, with each a church; of the riches of thefe an idea may be formed from the revei'U<'s of the grand cathedral amount- ing to 8o,oool. ayear, of which the arch- bifliop has 2o,oool. ; and the great con- vent of St. Francis, from alms alone, poflcfles an annual revenue of near «i,ocol. There are alfo a tribunal of MEY the inquifition, a treaCury, a mint, and ii univerfny. This city contains about 14 ,000 inhabitants; and though it ha? no commuihcation with the ffa, by na- vigable rivers, it ciirries on a great trade to Europi' by Vera Cruz, and to Alia by A.'.tpulco. Jn 1629, it liiffirrtd by aii inundation, in which 40,000 perl'oni were drovv lo'. This induced the Spa- niards fo ni.ike a great conduit through a niount'Mn, in older tn empty th«' laki.-; by which, and other canals fince dont, the town is now leated on dry land, 2 m from the sw exiremity of die lake. On this lake, and tlie freih water la!:es of Xichiindco and t'halco (which lie 6 \\\ to th(.' s of Tezcuco) are chinumpas, or floating jrudfiis ; Ihi'v nrr generally about 40 yards long and 15 broad, with leis thuii a foot of elevation above the fuiface of the water, and are eafily towed to a-diffeient dation at the plea- Aire of the owner. Mexico is fiipplied with frcfh watt r by two aquedut^s ; and at all fealons of the year is abundantly provided with all the gilts of nature, brought into it by means of canals. It is 180 in NNE Acapulco, and 200 w by N Vera Crr.z. Lo.'. 99 6 w, lat. 19 26 x. Mexico, AV-iy, a country of N Ameri- ca, bounded on the E by Louifiana, s liy New Spain, and on other parts by un- known countries; extending along the Rio del Norte, from 30 to 41 n Kit. and from 90 to 150 m in breadth Groat encomiums have been lavifiKxi on the fertility of its Ibil, and the variety of its valuable produdls ; but it is generally deemed to be deftitute of metallic wealth, except a few copper mines. The animals are deer, elk, bnffalo, (heep, beeves, and horfes. The mountainous diftridt on the N border is deemed the higheft land in this part of the conti- nent, for hence ifTue the Rio di 1 Norte, theColerado, Arkanla, Platte, and other rivers, which Row in various dirttUons. One of the mountain-', near the fource of the Arkanfa, is found to be 10,581 feet above the plain through which the river flows, and the plain is fuppofed to be 8coo feet above the fea. The coun- try is chiefly inhabited by the native Americans, hitherto un{ul)dned by the Spaniards. St. Fc is the capital. Mexico, Gulf of, that part of the At- lantic ocean, on the coall of N Ameri- ca, bounded on the s and w by the au- dience of Mexico, and on the n by W and E Florida; the entrance lying to tl.e H. between the s point of Erlorida and the Nfc point of Jucatan. Meyuhoun, a city of Pegu, with nu- merous gilded temples and fpacious mo- naileries. The vicinity is uucommoDly \ MIA ftuiiful ill rice; and ii«ip are capacioui granaries l)«longintr to the kinnot'Bir- mah, always kept filled with grain ready to be traiifported to any pirt of the enipiri.' in which therf happens to be a fcarcity. It ItretchcH a in ranch r.f this river communicuies "ith the Great Miami by a portage of 5 m. Miauna, a town of Perfn, in Adcr- bijan Here the celebrated 'traveller M, Thcvtnot died, on his return from Il'pahan. It is 80 m ssk 'I'abri?,. Micha, i cape of Dilmaiia, whiih advances into the gulf of Venice, near the town ot Zara. Miihael, St. the moft exleiilive and populous ifland of the Azoit;;). It is i;4 m long, and from 6 to 15 broad ; and contains nearly 80,000 inhabitants, la a valley on the caltern fido are a nu.n- bcr of boiling fountains ; alfo many I'u phureous fprings, fome of a hot, and others of a cold temperature. In June 181 1, one mile to the nw, where the fea was deep, a volcanic ifland arofe with a tremendous eruption; and wh-n it became quiefcent, waii from 200 to 300 feet high and a mile in circuit. It was n^med Sabrina, fiom the fhip that firft vifited it ; but in October fnlluwing it gradually difappeared, leaving an ex- teiifive llioal. The principal towns aie Punta del Guda and Villa Franca : the former is the capital of the ifland. Lon. 35 4a w, lat. 37 47 v. Michael, St. a borough in Cornwall, which has neith. r market nor fair, 8 m swSt.Columb, and 25:; w by s London. Michael, St- a town ofFrince, in the department of Meuli', with a fine hol- jiital, and the rich library ol" a Benc- didtine abbey; lea'cd on the Meulc, Inrroundci! by tnountainij, ao m nb Bar leDiic. Michael, St. a town of New Spain, in the province of Nicaragua, on the river bt. Michatl, 1 10 m nw Leon. Lon. 87 45 w, lit. 12 25 N. Michael, St. a town of New Spain, in tlie province of Culiacan, near the mouth or the Signatlan, 30m e^k Culi- acan. Lon. 107 40 w, lat. 24 10 N. Michael, Si. a town of New Spain, in Mechoacan, celebrated for iis cotton maniif;«dnies, 10 m E Giianaxuato. Michael, St. a city and tlie ca,)iial of Tucuman. Be fide the calhcilral. it coniuins two convents, and a college that formerly belotigi'd to the jeliiits. The chief trade is in timber, mules, and oxen tamed for the caits It. 'is lituate in a fruitful valley, at the loot of a range of rugged mouiuains, 700 m nw Buenos Ayres. Lon. 64 45 w, lat. 3649 s. Ill I ) I * ( -{ '. If t «. « » :i'. I . M I D ^Jlchafl de Vjorrn, St. a town of Peru, in thr province* of Qnito, capital of a juriiilii^tion of its iiam«. It lias a large and decant thnrcl), a college, and ftveral convents ; and is 70 ni nk (2ai- to. I.on. 77 "O v\ , l^t. o 2'-, N. Mic/uif/iie I'iura. .S'/. a town of Peru, in tlic province (if Quito. It was the firft Spanifli colony in Pc.u,and is feat- cd ne.ir th« mouth of the I'iura, 325 m 3SW Quito. Lon. 80 40 w,I,\t. 5 10 s. MicltafI, Gulf of St. that part of the Pacific ocean, to the t of Panama, which was firll difcovered by ilic Spa- niards, after their march acrofs the ilthmus of Darien. Micliifran, a territory of the United States of America. It includes the lake of the fame name ; and is joundtd on the N by lake Superior, i< by the Inkcs Huron, St. Clare, and Erie, s by the ftatcof Ohio, and Indinna.and w by the territory of Illinois. This country, from its grand lakes, poflefles immcnfc ad- vantages refill; ing from navigation and filhcries; hut the foil is marfhy and poor, and great part of it inundated for fix months in the year. The number of inhabitants in 1810 was 5,485. The chief town is Detroit. 3Iicfii;:nn, a lake of N America, the largeft th.nt is wholly within the United States. It is 280 m long, and from 50 to 60 broad, and navigable for vefiels of any burden. On the nw part the wa- ters branch out into two bays, one to the N called Noquet Bay, the other to the s. Green Bay. This lake, at the ne extremity, communicates with the nw end of Lake Huron, by the ftrait of Michiiimakinac. Mic/iilimakinactZ iiraiiof N Ami rica, which unites the lakes Michigan and Huron. It is 6 m wide; .nnd on its se fide, in Lake Hi'ron, is an illand, with a fort and village, )fthe fame name. The fort was taken by the British in 1812. Lon 84 30 w, lat. 45 48 n. Middkborough, a town of MaflTachu- fets in Plymouth county. Great quan- tities of nailsare made here, particularly in the winter. It is 4c m s by k RoiVpn. Middkburg, a firong city of Holland, capital of the ifiand of Walcheren, and of all Zealand- The Iqiiares, fireets, and puMic buildings are magnificent ; particularly the townhoufe (formerly a celebrated abbey) which i9 decorated with the Itatues of the ancient counts and countefles of Holland. The inha- bitants are computed at 30,000. The harbour isromm"diou«, and has aeom- municati. n with Flufhing by a canal, which will bear the largcit vcficls. In INI I D 1K09, il Surrendered to the Britilli, but wiis foon after evacuated. It is 30 ni NNW Ghent, and 71 sw Airfterdain. Lon 3 37 v., lat. 51 29 M. Middlvbuigy a town of the Nether- lands, in Flanders, 5 tn sb Sluys. Middleburg, one of the Friendly iilands. See l\aooatcd on the Ure, urns by w Richmond, and 255 nnw London. MiddUfexy a county of England, bounded on the N by Hcrtfordlhire. e by Eflex, s by Kent and Surry, and w by Buckinghamlhire. It is 22 m lons» and 17 broad, containing 190,080 acres; is divided into fix hundreds, and 9H pa- rilhes, belide thole in London and Wc(l- minftcr ; has thofe two cities and fix ni.;rket- towns; and fends eight mem- bers to parliament. The number of in- hribitants was 818,129 in 1801, and ^}h'6i'^7(> in iflii. The air ia healthy; but the I'oil, in general, being gravelly, is not naturally fertile ; though by means of the vicinity to the metropolis many parts of it are converted into rich bcdsoi manure, clothed almoft with perpetual verdure. There are dill, however, very extenfive trafts of uncultivated heath. Bcfide the Thames, Lea, and Coin, which are its boundaries to the s, e, and w, Middlefex is watered by feveral fmall dreams ; one of which, called the New River, is artificially brought from near Hertford, for the purpofc of fup- plying London with water. Middhton, a town of CouneAicut, capital of Middlefex county, with two ciuirches, and a naval office. It has a confidcrahle trade, and (lands on thew fide of Connedlicul river, 14 m 8 Hart- ford, and 26 N by E Newhaven. Lon. 7234 w,lat. 41 34 N. Middleton, a town of Delaware, in Newcallle county, fituate on Apoqui- nimy creek, ax n» ssw Wilmington. Middleton, a town of Pennfylvania, in Dauphin county. It has a great trade in corn, and (lands on Swatara creek, 2 m from its entrance into the Sufque- hana, ^nd 6a W by at Philadelphia. Lon. 76 44 w, lat. 10 13 N. Middleton., a town of New Jerfey, in Monmouth county, on the sw fide of li- ritfsfi^pi^iff^i^m MI L (1,1' hay williin Sandy Hook, 14 lu nw Shrew ibiivy, and r,z unk Trcntori. MititlUton, .1 t(>wu in Laiicalliiic, with a m.iikit (Ml Friday. It has ilu- citton (mJc ill all ItK hr:iiich(fs, a 1 ir^;v* twill iniiHifaClure. andconruicrabltibli-achiiiK woikrt. ■ It (lands on the Rochdale ca- iiiil, 6 m N by K Manchcllt'r, and iBH hSMv ! horoujtii in Somerfi t- ftiirc. whicii lus iio market It has ma- nufactures (if woiillt-n (.•loth, limn, and hofiriy; and is li-atfd iilV, n m n\v Uury, ard 70 NN K London Milrt/), a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra. In \-;'i,\, it was nearly dcftroy- td by an carihcjiiakc. It is B m k by N Nicoicra Mi/ets, the ancient Miletus, a town of Afiitic Tiirkey, in N itolia, 64 m s Smyrna Lon z-j 14 i', lat. %& 2; n. Milford, A feaport .T Walos, in Ptm- bfokclhiie, with a maikft on Tnefday and Sa'iiidny. It is featcdoii thi' n (kW of Mihord haven, a d'.'U iiiltt of the Iriih fca, which btan hcs off into fo many crocks, Hcnred from all winds, that it i:. 1 flccmed the fafcrt and mofl: capacioi's harbntirin Great liritain. At the eniranef;, on the w point, called St. Ann'.s, is an oUI ii^hthoule and a block- lionfc Here is a dock yard fur con- ftriiiftinp king's fliips; aUo two batteries, and an oKfrvaiovy The earl of Rich- moml, afterward Hcniy vii, landed here on hib enterprife againft Richard J If. A pa( ket boat lails henc(? every day, except 1 ucfday, for W'ateiford, in Ireland. It is 7 tp s by w Haverford- wed.aiiJ 262 vv by N London. Lon. 5 3 w, lat. 5t 44 N Milfurd, a town of Delaware, in Suf- fcx county, on the n iidr of Miifpilion creek, 12 m w of its rnouth in Dela- ware bay, and 19 s by E Dover Milford, a town of Pennfylvanii, in Northampton county, on ii:e w fide of tielawate river, i zo m above Philadel- pliia. Milford, a town of Conneiflicnt, in Newhavcn cour ty, on a creek of Long Iflmd found, 10 tn -"^^s Newhavcn. Milford, A'foy, a town of Connecili- cut, ill Lichfield county, on the t fide of the Houfatonic, ;o m sw Lichfield. MI L Mllfmiidt a town of Fr.Ti.ce, fn the department of Aveiron, I j'. d on the Tarn, j8 m sk KhodeH i-k! 50 nw Montpcllier. Milif/'r/i, a town of .Silrfia, capi;i|n( a lordltiip of the futu! ' t*. It (land.j on the liver Bartfch, o .he frontiii;, of Poland, 27 in nnk UrtlLui. Lon. 17 j, E, lat. ;i ,;j N. MilUrih'Mn, a town of Pennfylvanl.i, in Norlhamptoii county, on a branch of Little Leij^h liver, 26 m i.w Kaftoii, and .^4 N\w Philadelphia. Milljtreft, a town of Ireland, in thf county t)f ('ork, on the river Black- w.iter, 2H m WNw Cork. ^JiHtoivn, a town of Ireland, in the county of Kerry, near the river Mang, 7 in s by w Tralee. Milo, the ancient Melon, an ifland of the Archipelago, 50 m in circumfcr- encc, with one of the belt and largeft harbour* in the Mediterranean. It pro- duces excellent fruit and wine ; abounds in good cattle, cfpeciilly goats ; and has mines of iron and fulphur. In this i/land are curious fubterranean galle- ries, the roofs of which are covered with genuine capillary or plume alum, and the crevices of the rocks filled with pure fulphur. Here are two bifliops ; one of the Greek, and the other of the Latin church. On the k fide of the ifland is a town of the iame nauie, 60 m N Candia. Lon. 25 o f, lat. 36 41 N. AJilos ; fee Lenia ■ Mi/tetiitrfr, n town of Germany, in the late elecitorate of Mentz, with a caf- tie on a hill ; ieated on the Maine, 26 m s.-'K Afchaflenbiirg. Milthorp, a town in Weftmorland, with a market on Tucfday. fcated on the Betha, near the mouth of the Ken. As the navigation of the Ken is obftriitft- ed by a cat.iraft near its mouth. Mil- thorp is the only port in the county, and hence the fine Weftmorland flaies and other commodities ar(> exported. It is 8 m s Kendal, and 255 nnw London. Milton, a town of Maflachufets, in Norfolk county, feated near the Napon- fet, 7 tn s Bofton. Milton, a town of Virginia, in Albe- marle county, fituate on the Rivanna, 76 m wNw Richmond. Milton, a town in Kent, with a mar- ket on Saturday. It is noted for excel- lent oyfttrs; and much corn, &c. is fliippcd here for the London markets. It (lands on the e bianch of the Med- way, 14 m NE Maidltone, and 40 a Londuu. I' Fnr.ce, ;n tfir .'. ' J'' il on th, ol Pt'nnfylv;ini,i, y. on a l)i;iiicii 6 m bW Eaftoii, i.i. Ireland, in t|if> ic river Bl.ick- M I N 3lillon, or J6/jtjf Milioitt a villigc \n DorlVtlliire, 7 m s»w IJl.indrnrd. It turiiierly li.id .lii al»l>cy. fi)iii)tl'*d l»y |(iii}< Athenian; but the \vh(ii(.' wtti Ivvipt away, cxcopt the cUiircli, in 1771, by tni! carl of D;e 0»thic man- lion, to which llu* ab'ii-y church if, now 1 privato chapel The villa[;i.*, with its cliiirch and an almdiuuiv.', were built i)y the lame nobleman. Mina, a town of I't-rlla, in Kcrtnan, with .1 ftrong foit. The honied arc well built, and the country fur many miles round abounds in cattle, dales, and grain It is fcatcd on the Ibrahim, near ■ti. entrmccinto the ftrait Kit nun. I. on. 56 40 k, lit. 2640N. MtHch, A l()und, or channel, on the w coalt of Scodantl It liar, thf iflands of Lewis, N and S Uifl, and Bara on tlie w, and the iile of Sykc. Ruii>niire, and Sutherlandlhiri* on the >■:. Minciot a river of Italy, which iflTucs from the lake Garda at Peichiera, forms the lake that furroumls liie city of .Vlan- lua, and afterward runs into tli»^ Po. Minckendorf, a town of A u l> :*a, filuate on the Trieffing, 6 m kne Uadin. Mhtdanoa, the largeft of the Philip- pine iflands, next to Luconia. It is of ar? irregular figure, full of hills and val- leys, and the mould is generally deep, black, and fruitful- The fides of the hills are ftony, and yet there arc tall trees, of kinds not known in Europe ; fome of the mountains yield very good gold, and the valleys arc well watered with rivulets. It produces the bread- fruit ;:ree8, and all forts of fruit proper to the climate, belide plenty of rice. Here are horfes, beeves, buffalos, poul- try, hogs, goats, deer, monkeys, guanasi bats of a large fize, lizards, and fnakes. The winds are eafterly one part of the year, and wefterly the pther ; while the former blow, it is fair weather; but while the latter, it is rainy, ftormy, and tempeltuous. In the s then; is a vol- cano of conftant eruption, which ferves as a feamark ; and near the centre is a lake, called Lano, about 60 m in cir- cumference. The Spaniards have fome fettlements on the coafts, of which Sam- buang in the w extremity is the chief. Thf* illand is governed by a fultan, who is abfoiute. The natives, called Kara- foras, are of a mean low (lature, with fmall limbs and little heads. Their faces are oval, with flat forehflads, black fmall eyes, fhort low nofes, and large mouths Their hair is black and ftraight, and their complexion tawny, but more inclined to y«llow thau that of other Indians. The chief trades arc gold- finithi, blackfinithfi, and cii ptutfr!., and they can biii d pr'tty good veflTcU for tlic 'ea. 'I'he lulfiii has a (|uetn, brfidr othvrr woiiu'n ; and all the men have iif- V( ,,d wives; lor their religion is Moha- ini'iiiiiiftn. 'I'heir houfes are built on polh, and alctnd»d by ladders ; ihi'/ liavf but t)ne Hmoi-, which is ilivided into iVveral rooms, and the roofn arc covi-nd with pulmcto leaves. The capi- tal is a l.irge city, of the fame name, fealed on the t lidc of theifland. Lon. 121; o w, lat. 6 o N. Mtndelheim, a town of Suabla, with a calUe on a mountain. It is the capital of a lorddiip, beiwecii the rivers Iller and Lech, and a,i m sw Aiij^fburg. Mindfti, a fortified town of Weftpha- lia. capital of a principality of the lame name. The cathrdral is a large ftruc- turc, and near ic is a noble chapterhoulc. Its convenient fituation for trade and navigation, its biewciies, fugar houfes, and wax-manufafture, are great advan- tages to the inhabitants. Near this town prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick defeated ihe French in 1759. It isfeat- ed on the Welcr, jj m t Ofnaburg. Lon » 56 1:, lat. i^j 19 N. Mindoro, one of the Philippine iflands, 50 m in circumteience, feparated from Luconia by a narnivv channel. It is full of mountains, which abound in palm-trees, and all forts of fruit. The inhabitants are pagans, and pay tribute to the Spaniards. M'tnehead, a borough and feaport in Somerfetfliirc, with a market on Wed- nefday. It has a good harbour on the Briflol channel, for (hips of Lirgc bur- den, and carries ou a trade in wool, coal, and herrings. It is 3c m n Exeter, and 163 w by s London. Lon. 3 34 w> lat. 5 1 1 2 N . Mineo, a town of Sicily, in Val di Nota, 36 m NNW Noto. Mingrelia, a province of Afia, which formerly was a part of Georgia ; bound- ed on the N by CircaflUa, e by Imerethi, s by Guriel, and w by th^- Biacii fca. It is governed by a *princf*, who was tributary to the fovereign of Imerethi, but in 1783 he put himfjif under ttie protection of Ruflia. The face o^ this country, its produAs, and the cuftoms and manners of the inhabitants, .ir< mnt- lar to thofe of Imerethi. The c.ipital is Ruki. Min/'io, a river of Spain, which rifes in the NE part of Galici.-i, palTos by Lugo, Orenfe, and Tuy, and dividing Galicia from Portugal, enters the AtlantiCi at Camiuha. I \.n i I'^M (11 mi. : m 1; '' 11 ::M!|ii" ■I Mini^, .1 town of Kgypf, on the left bank of (Tie Nile, 170 m s l.iyonrn. Alinnr-vino, a town of Napleni in TrT- ra «li Mari, n m wiw Tnni. Miutrcttt ati iflin*! of thr Mf<1iterra- ncan, lyiiijr s peace of iHoa. Citta- della h the capital; but Mahon claims greater cmifcquencf, on account of its excel U-nt harbour. Minori, a town of Naples, In Princl- pato Citra, on the gulf of Salerno, 4 m N£ Ama'fi. Minjky a town of Lithuania, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, with two citadels. The country U pretty fertile, and has foreds containing vail numbers of bees, whofe honey makes partof its riches. Minlk is 80 m enb Nov' groileck, and 100 se Wilna. Lon. a; ,s8 I'., lat. 5.1 46 n. MintaotifAn ifland in the Indian ocean, 40 m long and 14 broad, on the wcoaft oftheidand of Sumatra. Lun. 9738 E, l;it. O 25 9. Miotans, atownand fortrefs of France, in the department of Lower AIpp, I'eat- cd on a craggy rock, 6 m ne Mont* melian. Miofsy a lake of Norway, in the pro- vince of Hcdemarke, 90 m in circum- ference. It is almoll divided by a ptn- infula, and contains a fertile ifland 10 ni in circumference. Miquilon, a fmall defert ifland, sw of Cape Mary in Newfoundland, ceded to the French in 1763. for drying and cur- .. ing their fi(h. They were dirpoflcflcd of it by the Kngliih in 1^93, and it was reftured in 1802. Lon. 56 10 w, lat. 46 4Z N. Mira, a town of Portugal, in Beira, 16 m Nw Coimbra. Mirakat a town of European Turkey, in Moiea, on the river Alpheus, and MIS Miranda, a town of Portugal, rupit* of the province of Tra los Montci, and a bilhop's lice. It wan once a forlrcf.*, but in 1 76 J, when befieged by the Sp». niardu, the powdT magazine blew up, and dctlroyed the fortificalioni. It it leated on a rock, by the river Houro, .^2 m KsK Uragatr/a, and ii.{ rst Oporto. Lon. 61a w, lat. 41 ^d k. Mhiinda He Corvo, a town of Pt)rtu- gal. in licira, 15 m sk Coimbr.i. Miranda df I'.hro, a town of Spain, in Old C'aJlile, with a caftle ; featid in a country that produces excellent wine, on the river Kbro, over which isu bridgC] 37 m NK Burgos, and 46 s Bilboa. Mirandt, a town of Fr.incc, in the de- partment of Gers. Wool, dv.rtii, and the ftathrrs of geefe, are the principal articles of trade. It is feated on an emi- nence, near the river Baifc, 15 m sw Aiich. Mirande/at a town of Portugal, in Tra lo» Monies, a8 m ne Lamego, and 30 flw Braganza. Mirando/a, a city of Italy, in Mo- denefe, capital of a duchy of its name, and a bifhop's fee, with a citadel and a fort- Befide the cathedral, it contains many fine churches and convents. It ig 10 m NNE iModena. Lon. 11 19 k, lat. 44 Sa N. Miravel, a town of Spain, in Ellre- madora, with a llrong calth- ; feated on the fide of a hill, 16 m s by w Placen- tia, and 38 ene Alcantan. MirtheaUi a town of France, in the department of Vienne, famous for the beauty and llrength of its aflcs. It is 14 m N by w Poitiers. Mirecourt, a town of France, in the department of Volges, famous for its violins and fine lace ; feated on the Modon, 15 m wnw Epinal. Miremont, a town of France, in the department of Dordogne. Near it is a remarkable cavern, called Clufeau. It is ii:atcd near the Vizere, 15 m s Btrgerac. Mirepoix, a town of France, in the department of Arrfcge, and lately an epifcopal fee; feated on the Gers, 15 ra ENE Foix, and 43 sse Touloufe. Mirow, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Mecklenburg, with a caf* tie, 1 1 m w Strclitz. Mifaj^no, a town of Naples, in Otran- to, 9 m ssp Oftuni. Mi/elmeri, a town of Sicily, in Val di Mazara, at the foot of a chain of hills, 9 m SSE Palermo. Mjfitra, a town of European Tur- the ruins of the ancient 01ympia> j6 m key, the largeft in Morea, and an arch NW Tripohzza. bilhop'j fee, with a citadel. Theprin iiol) dv<««ii, and •<• the principal fati-d on nn emi- Baifc, 15 m sw jples, in Otran. MIS (ipal church is onr of the fincft in the tvorld, niul n<>ur it it a in.igiiiKcent liilpital. Then; i« a great number of ( hriniauH. and in mnny Jcwi, that they fijvi* three lyn.igogucs. In its vinnitjr ,ire tlic ruins of thir ancirnt Spirta. Mifitra was lalcon by the Venetians in i6Hr ; but the Tnrivs rirtoolc it. Jri i:;o it was takfn by th«f Kuflians. It ItiiulHon tht> lide of .1 tnoiiutain, near liie frif a branch uf the Vafdipotamo, ',0 m a Tripoiiz/a. Lon. as j6 U| lat. j? »4 N' Mi/hia ; fee Meijin. ^{\ffiffippi, a l.irge river of N Ame- riuM, which ft'paratei the United States ami W Florida fr(*m I but there is ii broader and deeper river, and in fait the principal Itrcam. In 18^4-;, br dirf'tion ol the gofernment of the Uni- ted Statfs, It was afcendcd its whole ltn)(th by captains Lewis and Clatke, who gave the names of Jctl'terfon, .Madi- fon, and Gallaiin to the three rivcrt that form the head ol the .VlilTouri ; and tlu'y alcendi-d Jefferftn taitH fource 105 m, 80 of which is navigable* for canoes. The MilTouri in deep and rapid, and re- ci'ives niimcrouu rivers in its courfc. many of them of conliderable extent. It contains many iflands and fandbanks. and fonie rapids ; and about 330a m up are fomccufcades and falls; the fird and ' largcft fall 98 feet, and the whole 363 feet in the (pace of 17 m. The banks, except a Iterilu diftrift below the falls, are in general rich and beautiful: iu fome parts arc extenlivc meadows, with hills beyond them covered with trees ; in othei 3, lower down, are long chaini of high hills of a dark colour, great quan- tities of which are wafhed into the river by rains, and the force of the current, which caulcs a mnddinefs that never liiblides. If this riviT be regarded a? the chief river that conftitutes what is called the Mifliflippi, the Miflburi will be above 4200 m in length. Mijlaffln J.ake, a lake of New Drl- tain, lying k of the 3 part of Jameo bay, and furroiinded by mountains called the Great Milluflins. It is above 250 m in circuit, of a very irregular Ihape, being much interii;:ded by long and narrow projetSions of land, and contains feveral iflands. It is formed of the Miftaflin and other rivers from the mountains, and its outlet is the river Rupert. Mijiretto, a town of Sicily, in Val di Demona, and a biihup's fee ; feated on the Sacanalle, 60 m ese Palermo, and 7 a wsw Meflina. Mitc/iam, a village in Surry, 7 m sw London. It is feated on the Watidle, on which are fome fnuff-millb, and calico-printing manufadures. Mitcheldean, a town in Gloucefter- fliire, with a market on Monday, feated at the N extremity of the foreft of Deun, 12 m w Gloucefter, and 116 w by w London. Mitche/Jlowtif a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork. Here is a college for the lupport of la decayed gentle- men and as many gentlewomen. It it 27 m N by K Cork, and 28 wsw Clonmel. Mittau, a city and the capital of Courland, with a large ducal palac*. »H4 HK ■H i ( ■4 , i MOC The WiitU and ino*^ of Ihf towi^ .irr deciiycd ; the lutufv^t '<" t'*'* )n<>(l p>'t, bavr nu p'irtii.uldrLlrK<4iic< \ itul a grc it many ((aiilcns .iiui optii placci arc con- tainnl within iti circuit. Ilrrrare twu I.utltcrnti chtirchrt, n (f.^utit'iil C.ilvin- id i-liiircli, Aiul .1 popilli cliiiM-l). It i* tcAtcd (»ti till' A,i, 15 m aw Ri^ai and ISO NNw Wilnd. Lun. aj 50 k, Lit. 56 40 K. MiultuvaU, a town of Siberia, in the county of Oiatt, fcated on the NcilTc, u«iir it* fuurce, 18 m 1 Olatz. Mttlfunumld, a town of Bav.nria, in the county of Werdt-nfciu, on the river Ifer, 12 m N Infpruc- J^itten'red with gold, ovrr which tliry conin >tily have titr (kin o| (ome wild licift, Mith the tail h;ingiii,( behind, and tniting on the ground Tite mm h.ivc as injny wives at they choofc tdtake. Their religion ii j,,. g.«iiiliii { but tht-y believe in one (iuj wlio created the world. The Portu. guete had a fcttlemcnt here in 1^60, but thiy were all murdered, or forced awfly. The houfcs are built of wood, and covered with plafter ; but then arc very fevtr towni. Madrogan ii the capital. Mocaumptur, a town of Napaul, with a hill fort, capital of a dillri^t of the I'.ime name. It is fiiuate on the Kurri, 48 m s!!K (.'atmandu, and ij6 u Palm. Lon. 85 A7 u, lat. a; 35 N. Mocha, or Mokot a town of Arabia, in Yemen, feated on a linall bay of the Red ft'.i, near the ftrait of Babelmandel. On each of the points of land, which encloiir the road, is a fort \ but they are wretched ftrudtures. The town ii of a circular form, furrounded by « wall, in which are fix gates. It carriei on a great trade, eipecially in coffee j and the inhabitants are computed at i8,oco, without including the Jewi, who inhabit the luburbs. The women, except a fmall number of the common liirt, never appear in the itrects in the daytime, but vifit each other in thi: evening : they have little bulkins of morocco leather ; and over their drefi they wear a large veil of painted calico, The Brilifli, from HindooAan, atprefcnt engrofs almoft exclufively the trade of thin place. It nands in a barren plain, 140 in ssw Sans, and 630 ^»e Mecca, Lon. 44 25 E, lat. 13 10 s. Modain, or Madain, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Irak-Arabi, on the fite of the ancient Crefipon, by the river Ti« gris. 21 m ssB Bagdad- Modbury, a town in Devonfhire, with a market on Thurfday, and a manu- fa(flur»' of plufli; feated between two hills, 36 m bSvv Exeter, and 208 wsw London. Modena, or Modene ty a duchy of Italy, 65 m long and 35brpad; bound- ed on the w by Parma, n by Muiitua, I E by Ferrareft, B'logncle, and Tiif- cany, and s by the republic of Lucca. It includes the duchies of Mir^ndula and Reggio. The loil is fertile 111 coin, wine, oil, and fruit of different kindi. It alio feeds a great number of cattle. Modena, a fortified city of lialy, ca- pital of Modeneie, and a bilhup's lire, with a citadel, and a magnificent col- lege. The cathedral) feveral of the ) *'»fh gold, ovrr luvn thr (kin o| the t.iil h:inj{i„u <»n thi: ground y vvivn aithcy r religion ii p,. icve in one (;oj liii4 .ind PinAro, J4 m 1) by *■ Ma> IIM. .thtl 60 KNvv Florence I.kii ii h *, lat. 44 u ^ • ShJica, I town c* 8' iiy, in Val di ffitto, cipit.il «»f a iniiiiy D' itu ii.imr, th( '>nly one in the iflaiid. and endowtd wi',i'itii).'illHrprivilrgc« It hut wo h.iiid' fn !■ .•I'liicliiN, feveral tonvenl», p ilac«'H fill hi t:<»vfrn(ir, and e vicinity in rich in corn, hiinp. locla. fruit, wine, and oil. and abound"' in (h' »*p and cattle. Th«r in- hibif*'i"'i ertiir'.iie>l at 14.000, have a coiilllerable tnnle with Milta It in iMitil on the .Nc«'llar(). 17 in w by N JSfoio Ljii 14 .S4 »■. In'- 36 IS ^' Mndon, A Ikioiig town ot Europerin Tu'W y. Ill Morea, and a hilh ip'K l«.'c, wiihafafe harl>our. It i* li'ittd on a promonttny pnijcifling into ihe (c.-i i)f Sapien/a. 15 m w Coron. Loii. ai .}i ti la'- .36 5,' '"• Mo Ii ; Ice Mifurs. Mjcj.irch, \ tnwii of Suahi.i. in the principality of FurllciiDUig, 18 m n Coiiltmce. Moffat, a town of Scotland, in Dnm- frienlhne, near tlie nvei Aninii, tn- compnlTi'd on all lid<•^, except the s, by lulls of differ.nl heights. It» dc- lightfui (iiujtion and inim ral IpringH at- tract ii'uch company. It is 30 m n by E DiimtVit"!. Moffiit Uith, the highell mountains of lilt s of Scotland, on the n border of Dnrnfiiejlhire. Havtfel, the mod ekvHied. in 3300 feet above the level of the fpa. Tfit-y tc d numerous flocks offhetp; .-nid from them delcend, in different diieifli ns, the Tweed, Clyde, and Annan, whole fourccs are but little dillnnt from each other. MofraJor, a town of the kingdom of Morocco, with a h.irbour for vefTcls of a miildling fizc- It i.s liirrounded by walls, with batteries, and at high tides is almolt enctimpalTed by the lea. The ftreetsi are all in ftraight lines, and contain a great number of haiidfome hoiifis. The port is formed by a chan- nel, between the mainland and .nn iflanJ of the fame name above amile in length, on which is a ftrong caflle. It is 90 m wsw Morocco. Lon. y 35 w, ht. 30 a8 k. Mogutr^ a town of Spain, in Andalu- fia, near the moulh of the Titito, 48 m w Setille. Mori Mofintt, « town of Lower IIiiMfriry« In itic couiiiy of Duianiwir. llcr«* Loiii.tt'>>- l.ilt kintt ot lluiifary, in \f,i6t was ibtrattd by the Tiirkii 11 ..fer Rf aa.ogo rr«n, nrid 4flet th- b 11 tie lufluca'eil by tl.v fall ot hia liorfe III a inii idy brook. I.t i<)87, aiiotlicrbaiile wai hiiit(ht here, becwc' n tlu Cliri'timis commanded by prince Ch.irlen ot Lorr.iin, a ul the I'urkx, who weic defe.itid with the lots of 10,000 mm, their c.innoii and bag> gage. It 1h iiated it the conln.x of the < oraffe with the Danube, )j m n by k Llfck. \fohn lips, flit iioles, Iharp chins, and ftrong limbs. Some of the inhabitant* are ivlohamedans, who have a few wretched mofques, built ot wood and flraw withou', and matted neatly with- in. This illand produces plenty of rice, peas, honey, cocoa-nuts, plantains, oranges, lemons, citrons, pineapples, cucumbers, tamarinds, and fugar-canes. It has a t^ood road for fliips. Lon. 43 50 K, lai. 12 35 R. Mohilef, or Mofr'tU-Vt a government of the Ruirian empire, comprifing a part of Lithuania, diliiiembered from Poland in 1771. MohtUf, a town of Lithuania, capital of a Ruffian government of the fame name. By the divifion of Poland in 1773, it was ceded to Ruffi?, with its territory, and ere L m INK WArftw. «rul .«64 « PrtcrfburK Lon. 39 14 i| Ut. St u '^ MthUI, A town of lr> Uiid, in tbf C0Uli> if of l.((tiinn, 9 m K Currlck. .yffihrin, A town of Br.i>wlnihufjf, In Ihr N^'w m.irk, iH rn n n »v Ciilfrln M-iltrtini^rn. .1 town of Piiilli.i. in \\\t province of ObcrLtiiii, (Itti.tti* on .1 i.ik*- of the fime n^mf, wliich alfrnft I'ur- ronniii it. ilcr'* ii an oKI cnftir, for- mrrly a convent , helongin^ 10 the knighti of thr T«Mitonic ortler, in conri(|tieiicc o' whofe w.iri K\\v. town lun frrqnriitly |.o, MO I. prtHhic^ rorn, pullf, hon^y, ^y^^ I'riill, with plenty of irnmr aiui i<>w .' The iiih.iliit«ntt Arc Chrifliun* nf 1 , Greek church. By thr treaty ot in iNii, the part of thi* coiintry Ihi- riviT I»riuh wm ceilcti to Unu , J.tdy kintt Cliotxin arc the prni«ip4| town* Mole, « river in Aiirryi which riiciim the hordcri of flnlTVx, (I'tw^ n iA|)iirk iriff, and pAtTiug hcofath Huk tlili, n TjM to dii.tpi)fiir in lt« vicinity, and tu rid" ng lin nciir (.e.ithcrhead, whenci-ii fiiflfrad ft \% tf\m i«w KoniKfb' rg, f1ow«toCi)hhitm,4ndrntri>thi.Thjm(i, and *,u «iL Datit/ic. Mvatjk, a town of KuiTla, in the fovrrnmcni of Molcow. of conlidcr- ahio extent, and fortin<(|. ft i« Ittiiati' nr-ar thi- Mofkv.i, rio m vv^w Molcow. Mei/ah, \ town and f)it of Ar.ihia Petre.J, on tl>ec«uft «)f the Rtd fca, ijo m fl Acab.i, and iflo n\v Medina. Lon. .13 v *^. I«t. a; JO N. Moint, A town of Ircl.indi in the roun* ty of Down, with a linen m;uiur.»Cliire» and a hrantiful I0.1t belonging to r.irl MoIm, 6 m NW Diomorc, and ij sw Bclfaft. Mfiirans, a town of France, In the dcpaitmiTt of Here, on the rivci ICcre, is m it. Vicnntv MoiJ/hc, a town of Fmnc«', in the department of I.ot, with a trade in corn and flour ; (cated on the Tarn, mar iti conllux with the Garonne, i,i m nw Moivtauhan. Mola (it Bitri, a town of Naples in Terra di Bari, on the gulf of Tenice, 17 m P. Bnri. Mola di Ciieta, a town of Naples, in Terra di Larora, fcatcd near the lea, 3 ni NK Gacia. MoU, a townof WaleH, in Flintfhire, with a market on Saturday. The afll/es are held here. 'I'he number of itihabit- ants was 4235 in 1801. and 5083 in 1811. It ftands at the foot of a lofty mount, on which was formerly acartic, 5 m ssK Flint, and 188 nw London. Lon. a 59 w, lat. 5.3 12 tt. Moldavia, a province of Turkey, in Europe, afio m long and from 30 to 130 broad; bounded on the n by Po- land, from which it is alio divided on the NE by tin. Dnicllcr, k by New Ruf- fia, Bcdarbia, and Kuli,'aria, from which lalt it is parted by the Danube, sw by Wallachi;i, and w by Tianlyl- vania. The oth-'r principal rivers are the Pruth and Scrcih. The w part is mountainouH, and there arc ibme nn- tultivatfd dclVrts ; but it abounds in ^ood pafturcs, which fied a jjrcat num npnofitt lUmpton Court. t^loU, a cipe of 8t. Domingo. ^t% Siehel.u, St. Afoffittii, a town of N.ipl«'», In Tcm di H.tri, I'eateil on thi: gulf of Vomer, irt in w by N Uaii. MoliiTfi, a ttwn of France, in ih? depirlmont otLot, 1 nn n Montaulun, and I A > ('.ihorN, Molina, :i ftrong town of Spain, in New Ciiftilc, lented on thr Ciallo, in 4 territory abontiding in pallurci, 50 m P.N a Siguen/.t Lon 1 3.) w, lat 41 10 N. Moli/f, a county of Naplei, in the form of a triangle, whofc fulei are jij m long, lying betwcon Terra di L.i- vura, Abtu7/.o Citra, Capit.mata, aiid Principato Ultra. It ii a moutainoui country, but frrtile in corn, wine, laffron, and lilk. It fuflcred much dainajje by an earthquake in itu^, and upward ut° io,ooo of the inhabitants pcriihcd. Metife, u town of Naples, capital of a county of the fame name, with a caflle. It is jo m nnb Naples. Lun. 14 4? E, lat. 4( 36 M- AJal/cn, a llrong town of Lower S.ix- ony, in thedncliy of Lautnburg, liatcd on the Sttckenilz, 14 ms Lubec Molodfjfno, a t'>wn of Lithuania, In the ualatniate of Wilna. Here, on No- vember 19, 18 13, Bonaparte abandonod tlie wretched remains of hi» great army; liirrounded by an elcort of «inicers, he Hod to Smorgoni, where a detachment feiit from Wilna condudled him 10 that city, and thence he immediaitly fled in dilguife for France. Molodegno is 38 m NW Minflc, and 7a E!>it Wilna. Moljhtim, a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, feated on the Brufch, 10 m w by s Strafburg. Moluccas, or Spice Ijlands, a number of iflands in the Indian ocean, lying c of Celebes. They include thofe from Mortay in the n to IJanda in the s, and from Mylbl in the E to Bouro in the w. The other principal ones are Gi- bei of hurfcsi oxcn> and iliccp} italfu lulo, Cerara, A(nboynu|Ouby,TernatC} il,# Utt rtve. I oriinial Mob hut ihr aplH tucept Ciilnl corn, ric«, nu Ifinon*. anil „«nvW.ilde i' and nutmcK*' iivNe^ydann the Ihorci the o(g ...tvariei lyi-idoUtcrsl medan*. Th' l,y the Poll I (titleinentu tvv.iy. about in ifti')i thi- pfodute, uni in three ye.ir ylo* of the E liheilieii. arii mull exqnili tltmont ot tl Mol^ijilx.' principality tic gained Auftri.in8 ii Mombazi 7/mgueb.»r. ful.1, whicli .in dl.iiid. \ the ifthnui« citadel, hai large vefl'cl commcic*' doms adiac export flav and other fvipplythe king of Ml a(iuarrcl v took the c; medan, an in 163 1 ; ' became m Mombaza Momn'i linfadurt the Nile, Mompi the provi bank of Carthag< Montt; Baltic, t from wt channel Mono capital fame na and the bour t» .-„-n»*«?is«;- Ithriniun, of I), iinit cotmery p. ,f jic.lol to K,,,,,^ , "H Box 11,11. f''"d. whfMf,.,. |nri. ' Dotulngo. .S,j N'pK'», in Tern KUlf of Vc-Bicr, f I'uricf, in thj '" ^ Moi.Uuba,,, '" •' «)f Spain, ia " UK-fJalio. in J ' P'/ltirti, 50 n» ' J.J w, I.ii. ^, ■ ^'•ipN, in thf "«''»• (ulei !\rv M •" 'IVrra di i,. A'apitanata, a,,j '^ a nioutainoiii >rri,winc,(aHron, nutli il.iinaiir hy • and upward ot' !»•< piriftied. '^plfs. cipiml of name, with a « ^«plei. Lon. fi of Lower S;ix. lutnburg, icatej 1 •> LuLec. if Lithuaiii.i, In HiTP, on No- 5arlc abandoned '"•i» great army; of officers, he ■ a detachment ft'd liim to that it'di-iitiy fled in »'odej,'no is ^8 •^W.lna. ^ I'rance, in the ii'if, fcMtedon Strafljurg. " I'ilird . hut Ihr uppctUtion li now i-ilrndcd. tKcrpt (iiiolu. they prcMliicv iiruhcr corn, rice, nor catttr, but h.i«f orangrt, |i-inui)«. aiul oth''r fruitit and arc nioft rtin.tfl«.il.|«r fiig citadeli har a commodioui harbour for large vi-fl'cU, and ciriicii on a great commcice with the illmd* and king- doms aitjacont. Hence the Portuguclit export flaves, gold, ivory, rice, (k-lli, and other proviiionn, with which they fwpply Ihe fcttkmenti in Rrafil. The king (if Meliiid.1, t)eing a Chrillian, had aquarrcl with the Port ugucle governor, took the caflle by aflault, turned Moha- medan, and murdered all the Chriftiani, in i6ji; but, in 1729, the Portugiiefe became mafteru of thi> territory again. Mombaza it 75 m ssw Mclinda. Lon. 39 10 E. lat. :^ 15 5. Momjiot, a town of Egypt, with ma- mifadurts of linens, on the left bank of the Nile, so m nnw Siout. Mompo, a town of Terra Firma, in the province of Carthagcna, on tin; left bank of the Madalena, 120 ra tsv. Carthattena. Mcna, an ifland of Denmark, in the Baltic, to the sw of the ide of Zealand, from which it is feparated by a narrow channel. Stegc is the chief town. Monaco, a fortified feaport of Italy, capital of a fmall principality of the fame name, between the county of Nice and the territory of Genoa. The har- bour ig good, but n«t deep enough for MOM larft vrfTiU) uid the principal riporl li olive oil. Hcilde Ihf cii4dt I und o' ht r fottiht'Ailona, it K ii4tiii.illy vrry Hroii)', bciuK I atrd on iiii.i)rgy Ktvk (hat pro* jecU uit.i (III) r• I a m bmh Nice* Lon. 7 JO K, Ui. lii 44 N. Mtmijiffntn^ a county of IrH.md, (rt ihe proviiiiif of Ulileri n m Umg 4iul a a broad ( bounded on the h by Tyruiif * I by ArrniiKh, •» by Louth, aw bv C ivan, iind w by I'trnuiugh It ii> full of woutti and boy*, ami 4 third part of it taken up by Loutch Erne. Iicuntaini •4p'unty of the lamt name. It wai> fortilled with j ciftle and a fort, airaiiill the Irifli, in the iokii of (jurett Llilibeth. It ii 1 1 m I l>y w i)uii>:aiinon, and 76 NNw Dublin- Lon. 7 4 w, lat. 34 1^' N. Monnjietr, a town on the v coaft of Tuiiit, leated near a cape of it> njtnc, 1$ m r. by h Sulii. MonajlertvtH, * town of Ireland, In the county of Kildare, on the river Uar« row, 7 m w Kildarc. AJenh/anf, a town of Spain, in Cata- lonia, on the river I'rancoli, 16 m n nw Tarragona. Montmltitry u town of Piedmont, featfd on an eminence ncir the i'o, j m «B Turin. Moncn/vo, a town of Piedmont, in Moiiticrrat, fcated on u mountain, n m Hw Calal. Mo'icaon, a town of Portugal, in F.iiiir Douro e Minho, with a (Irong calllc. The Spaniards have often at- tempted to take it, but in vain. It ii Icuted near the Minho, 24 tn m Hragu. Monclhiltout a city of tlu- kin>;dotn of Birmah, which was only a fmall town in 1751, under the government of Alnm- pra, who loon afterward became the deliverer of his country, and the con- queror of Peru. It is 40 m N Um- merapoora. Moncon, a town of Spain, in Arragon, withacaAle; featcd at the conflux of the Sola with the Cinca, 10 m ssk Bal- badro, and 50 k Sarajfoira Ahncontour, a town of France, fn the department of Cotes du Nord, 1% m 85E St. Brieuc. Mtncontour, a town of France, in the dipartnicntof Vienne, ay m nw Poitiers. Monddxo, a river of Portugiil, which hab its iource near Guarda, ciofTes Beira, by Coimbra, and enters the At- lantic, near a cape of the lame name. Mondonnedoi a city of Sp."in^ in Qa- 1! 4' ^MuSi :%/ Mi i"i M <> N licia, and a bifhop's iev ; fc;iti'd in a fiTtilp country, on a I'mall livtr, 60 m NE Compoftclla. Lon. 7 ij w, lit. 43 'o N. MoitdotibUau, a town 01 Irancc, in the department of liOn* and Cher, wiih acaftle, 15 m nnw Ven(1i)me. Mondavi, a fortififd town of Piud- mont, and a bilhop's lee. Bcfide tlic cathedral, it has fiv hurchcs, a univcr- fity, and 12 convents. Thr vicinity yields excellent wine, good cheftnuts, and 6ne marble- In 1796, the French i^ lined a vidory here over tht^ Auf- trians, which mail** them matters of the dates ot *.he kin^ of Sardinia. It is featcd on a mountain, near the river Elero, 14 m K Coni. Lon. 8 3 k, lat. 44 *5 N. Mondra^on, a town of Spain, in Bif- cayi near which are fom** medicinal iprings, and a f.imons mine of ^xc.•llcnt iron. It is 24 m S8W St. Scbaftian. Mondraj^on, a town of France, in the department of Tarn, u m nnw Caftres. Mondra^one, a iuwn of Naples, in Terra di t^avor;?, ctleliiiited for its irc- dicinal w,«tcr ; feated near ti»e fta, 13 m Nw Capii;s. Monemlia ila ; fee y^apoti di Mnlvajia Monet/gall, a town of Ireland, in King county, 28 m wsw Maryborough, and <8 aw Philiptown. Money mo e, a town of Ireland, in the connty of Londonderry, 13 m n by e Dungannon, and ,35 se Londonderry. Monjia, an ifi.Tnd on the coaft of Zanguebar. to thu riEof Quiloa, tri- butary to Portugal. Lon, 40 50 e, lat. 7 50 s. Monflnn^uirif a town of France, in '^he department of Lot and Garonne, %'j m NNE Agen. Monfarte, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, with acaftle, 19 m nne Orenfe. Monfortct a town of Portugal, in Beira, 17 m .'^e Caftel Branco. Monfortiy a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, 11 m s Portalegre. Monfirte, a town of Portugal, in Tra Ids Monte'i, 20 m w by v Braganza. Monghiry a town of^^ Hindooftan, in Bahar, with a fort, feated on the right bank of the Ganges, 80 m e by 1 Patna, and 230 NNW Calcutta. Lon. 86 36 e, lat. 25 24 N. Mongulst Country of they or Wejlern Chinefe Tartary, a region in the interior of Alia, bounded on the n by Siberia, E by Eaftern Tartary, s by the great wall of China and Leaotone, and w by Independent Tartary. The Mongul Tartare have neither towns, villajies, nor boufesj they are wandering hordes, MON and liv»! under tents, which they remove from (iiic place to another, accordinj; as the diflft rent ftaiimn, or th«' w^nts of thtir flockK, rtqnire : they pafii the fiim- mer on the banks of rivtra, and the winter at the foot of (iime monntriin, which (belters thtm fr«)ni Mie ctittinji; n wind. They are natnially clownidi, and dirty in their drif., as well as in their tents, wtiere they live amid the dung of tlieir flocks, which, when dried, they ule for fuel. They choofe ratlier to be fatisficd with the food that their flocks fupply, than take the tronble of cultivating the earth : it tvtn appi arj thiit they neglcft agriculture tV(n)i pride. Diirinji ih>- fummcr, ilier live f Kokoiior. Monheim, a town of Bavaria, in the principality of Neuburg, 8 m N Dona- wert. Monikenajm, a fcaport of N Holland, which has manufa^ures of foap and fillc. It is f'Mted on a gut or frith of the Zuider /er. 8 m ne Amderdam. Lon. 438 B, lat 5a iH N. Moni/lnl, a town of France, in the department of Upper Loire, 14 m sw St. Ktienne. Monmouth, a town of New Jerfey. Sec I'Vee/iolJ. Monmouth, a town of the diftri*fV of Maine, in Lincoln county, on the f (iilc of the Androlcoggin, I5 m w by s Har- rington, and 48 N Portland- Monmouth, a borough of England, capital of Monmouthfhire, with a itiiir- ket on Saturday. It is governed by a mayor, and feated on the Monnow, which here joins the Wye. Over the former is a very ancient bridge and gate- way, once a barrier againft the W^ifh. It was formerly defended by a wall and a ditch, and in the centre is a caflle in ruins. Here wjs born the warlike Henry V, calltc' Htfnry of iMonmouth. It con- tains two parim-churches, one of them cn'»rafted on part of the ruins of a ptiory, and both are curious flrudlures. The number of inhabitants was 3345 in 1801, and 3503 in 1811. The town has no manufadures; but there are iron and tin works in the neighbourhood, and fome trade is carried on with Hert- ford and Briftol by the Wye. It is 18 m 3 Hereford, and 129 w by n London. Lon. 2 46 w, lat. 51 49 n. Monmouthjhirey a county of England, bounded on the n by Hereford fh ire, k by Gloucefterftiire, se by the mouth of the Severn, and w artd sw by the coun- ties of Brecknock and Glamorgan. It is 24 m long and 20 broad, contain- ing 33O1220 acres ; is divided into flx hup'lreds, and ixi parilhes ; has feveu market-towns ; and fends three mem- bers to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 45,582 in 1801, and 6.M27in 181 1. Belide the Wye, which parts it from Gloucefterfliire, the Mon- novv, which feparates it from Hereford- rtiire, and the Rhyney, or Rumney, which divides it from Glamorganflxire, this county has almoft peculiar to itftlf the river Uflc, which divides it into two unequal portions. The eaftcrri part, and the largeft, is a tradft fertile in corn anc' pafture, and well wooded ; and it MON abounds with limefton", coal, and iron. The wrdern portion is mountainous, and, in great part, unfavorable for cul- tiV'ition; whence it is devoted to the <^eeding of Ihecp and goats. Monmouth- fliiri' was formerly reckoned one of the counties of Wales ; and from the names of its towns and villages, its mountain- ous rugged furface, and its fituation be- yond the Wye, which feems to form a natural boundary between Kngland and Walts in this part, it CiMtainly partakes moftly of the character of the latter country, though now comprehended in the civil divilion of the former. The higher ranks generally fpeak t!ngli(h, but the common people ufe the Welih languipc- The chief manufafture of this! canity is flannels. Monofmngi, or'Nimfnma, a region in the interior of Africa, laid to be of vaft extent, hounded on the n by Abyflinia, E by Zangiiebar, s by Moc.iranga, and w by Congo. This country is very lit- tle known to the Europeans. Monomotapa ; lee Mocaranga- Monongahtla, a river of the United States, which rifes in Virginia, at the foot of Laurel mountain, flows n by Morgantown, where it becomes navi- gable, then enters Penufylvania, and pafles by Redltone to Pittiburgh, where it joins the Allegany, and their united ftream aflumes the name of Ohio. Monofioii, a town of Naples, in Terra di Bari, on the coaft of the gulf of Ve- nice, 28 m KSE Bari. MoripciiJfrt a town of France, in the department of Dordogne, 18 m sw Sariat. Monquegna, or Monquega, a town of Peru, in the bifliopric of Arequipa, and capit.d of a territory »)f its name, adorned with large vineyards. Its whole commerce is in wine and brandy, which are greatly valued. It is 100 m sr. Arequipa. Lon. 71 40 e, lat. 17 .^4 s. Monreale, a town of Sicily, in Val di Mazara, and an archbifliop'sfee. The cathedral is very fpacious, and richly ornamented ; but it fuffered confider- ably by a fire in 18 11, and its rich funds are now applying to reftore the dumiiges done. Near it is the tamoua convent of St. Martino, fo richly deco- rated that it might be detmod a fuperb palace. The town is neatly built, and Hands 011 a lofty hill, 4 m w by s Pa- lermo. Mo7is, a ftrong city of the Nether- lands, lately the capital of Auftrian Hainault, and now the capital of the department of Jemappe. The moft remarkable buildings arc the caftle, the ■:'• -n* /.Ml f'i. 'ty i' i- 1,1 IM IW' ;:'i^B':, I ' , J.: ^!*.' riili MON nrfcnalf the townhoufe, and the grent cluirch. It is a place of good trade, has confideraljle manufadturcs of woolkn fliiflfsi and contains tSiOco inhabitants. Monj has been fcvcral times taken by the French* Dutch, and Auftriani ; the laft time by the French in 1792, after the battle of Jemappc It Hands partly on a hill, and partly on a plain, on the river Trouille, 30 m ssw Bruflcls* Lon. J 57 E, lat. 50 27 N. MoHj'araKi a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, (eated on ihe Guadiana. 2^ m sw Elvai. Monfolf a town of Guinea, in the country of Anziko, and the refidence of the micoco, or king. It is 380 m ke St. Salvador. Lon. 17 16 s, Jat. •40 s. Monjlien ; fee MotijHers. Mont B/anc, a mountain of the Pen- nine Alps, in Savoy, fo called from its white appearance. It is 15,662 feet abo.e the level of the fea, and fuppofed to be the highell in JSurope. The French have given the name of this mountain to the conquered duchy of Savoy, as a new department of France. Mont de Marfan, a town of France^ capital of the department of Landes. It is feated on the Midoufe, 30 m nb DaX' Lon. o 30 w, lat. 43 55 n. Mont St. Micheli a ftrong town of France, in the department of Manche, built on a rock in the Tea, which is ac- ceflible at low water. Its late Bene- didline abbey ti:rved at once for a caftle of defence, and a ftate prifon ; and the prior of it was governor of the town. This p1.ice gave name t6 the military order of St. Michel, founded by Louis XI. It is 10 m sw Avanches. Lon. i 5» w, lat. 48 37 N. Mont Tonnerre, a new department of France, including part of the elec- torate of Mentz, the palatinate of the Rhine, and the duchy of Deux Fonts. It has its name from a ridge of moun- tains, near the Rhine, and the capital is Mentz. Montabaur, a town of Germany, in the late eledlorate of Trevesj. with a fine palace, 7 m n NafTau. Montagu Ijlandy one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, near Sandwich ifland. Lon. 168 31 e, lat. 17 a6 s. Montagu Ijland^ an idand in the Pa- cific ocean, 50 m long and i % broad, near the w coaft of N America, at the en- trance of Prince William found. Lon. JJ7 30 w, lat. 60 o N. Montaigu, a town of France, in the department of Vendee, 18 m sse Nantes, «nd 40 VNW Fontenay le Compte. MON Montaigu, a town of France, in the depart im-nt of Puy de Dome, 33 m NNw Clermont. Montaigue, or Seherpenheul, a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, famous for a miraculous image of the Virgin, vifited by a great number of people. It is 14 m NB Louvain. Monta/fgre, a town of Portugal, in Tra los Montes, 25 m ne Braga, and 43 w Uraganza. Mentalvan, a town of Spain, in Ara- gon, with a ftrong citadel, feated on the Rio Martin, 44 m 3 Saragoifa, and 92 N by w Valencia- Montalvmo, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, on the borders of Spain, 18 m N^fEPortalegre. M$ntanehts, a town of Spain, in Eftremadura, at the foot of a chain of mountains, 18 m n by b Merida. MontagriU a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, 28 m se Santarem, and 31 NNW Evora. Montargh, a town of France, in the department of Loiret. Its muftard and cutlery arc excellent ; and from Ihe ri- ver Loing is a navigable canal hence to the Seine> It is feated near a (ine foreft, 15 ms Nemours, and 62 s by B Paris. Montauban, a town of France, capital of the department of TUn and Ga- ronne, and lately an epifcopal fee. Here are manufactures of filk ftockings and ftuflfs, ferges, flialloons, &c. This town was taken from the Huguenots in 1629, and the fortifications were demolifhed. It is feated on an eminence, by the river Tarn, 3a m n Touloufe, and 3s s Ca- hors. Montbazont a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, at the foot of a hill, on which is an ancient caftle, 8ms Tours. Muntbeiiard, a town of France, in the department of Upper Rhine, with a large caftle on a rock. Before the revo- lution it was the capital of a principa- lity, which, though infulated by France, belonged to Germany. It has a good trade in linen, leather, and cutlery ; and near it is a eonfiderable iron-mine. It ftands on the Savoureufe, at its conflux with the Luzine (which foon after joins the Doubs) 16 m wnw Porentru, and 47 ENE Befan^on. Lon. 6 56 e, lat. 47 30 K. Montbrifen, a town of France, capital of the department of Loire. It is cele- brated for medicinal waters, and feated on the Vezize, 40 m wsw Lyon, and 76 sse Moulins. Lon. 4 7 e, lat. 4534 N. Montdauphin, a town of France, in the depalrtment of Upper Alps, oa a MON craggy mountain, almod furroundcd by the Durniice, it m ne Enibniii. MontdiiUer, a town of France, in the dppirtment of Somme, where the kings of France formerly had a palnce. It is feated on a mountain, %) m ssi Am'enSi and 58 N by E Paris. Monte Alcinot a town of Tiilcany, in Sienele, famous for producing the bcft wine in Italy, x\vn. sss Sienna. Molte Alto, a town of Italy, in the marqiiifatc of Ancona, 14 m ssw Fermo. Monte Caffino, a town of Naples, in T«irra di Lavoru, with a celebrated Bc- nedi(5\ine abbey, 18 m sse Sora. Monte Clirijlot a town, bay, and cape on the N fide of St. Domingo. The cape is a high hill, in the form of a tent, called by the French Cape la Grange. Lon. 71 44 w, lat. 19 51 N. Monte I'alcOf a town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoletto, near the river Cli- tunno, 12 m w Spoletto. Mgnte Falcone, a town of Italy, in Friuli, with a caftle, near the river Pon- zano, ig m wnw Trieft. Monte Fiafconet a town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, near the lake Bolfena, is m nnw Viterbo. Monte Fojol'ty a town of Tufeany, in Pifano, itf m B by N Leghorn. Monte Leone, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 1 a m n n e Nicoiera. Monte Leone, a town of Naples, in Principato Ultra, 9 m n Benevento. Monte Marano, a town of Naples, in Principato Ultra, near the river Calore, 18 m s Benevento. Monte Pelofo, a town of Naples, in Bafilicata, near the river Bafiento, 14 m K Acerenza. Monte Pulciano, a town of Tufeany, in Sienefe, feated near the Chiana, in a country noted for excellent wine, iS m SE Sienna. Mtnte St. Angelo, a town of Naples, in Capitanata, 7 m K Manfredonia. Monte Santo, formerly Mount Athos, a lofty mountain of European Turkey, in Macedonia, on the gulf of ContelFa, inhabited by Greek monks, who have feven convents built like forts. It is 17 m s of Salonichi. M^nte Velino, a mountain of Italy, fuppol'od to be the moft lofty part of the Apennines, and 8400 feet above the level of the Mediterranean. It is 46 m n£ of Rome. Monte Ferdct a town of Naples, in Principato Ultra, 16 m ne Conza. Monte Video, a feap;)it of Paraguay, with a fort, and Unrounded by a (Irong wall. The principal trade confifts in hides> and proviiions are cheap and MON abundant. The inhil)il. ts are efti- mated at a«,ooo. Mom. Video wa» taken by the Englifti in 1807; but ioon evacuated. It is feated atthefo'jt of a lofty conical mountain, on the "* lide of the river Plata, 60 m from its mouth, and 140 v. Buenol Ayrcs. Lon. 56 25 w, lat. 34 50 s. Mtntechlo, a town of Italy, m Mo- deneO?. The French defeated the Auf- trians near this place in 1 736. It is 8 m Nw Reggio. Montrfro, a feaport, on a bayoftlie fame name, on the n cosft of Jamaica. In 1795, a flit confumed an immeiili: qiia!\tityofrtorei, and great part of the town. Lon. 78 5 w, lat. 18 40 v. Montelimart, a town of France, in the department of Drome, with an ancient citadel, and manufattures of wool, lilk, and leather. It is feated in a fertile plain, near the Rhone, as m s Valence, and 30 N Orange. Moutflovez, a town of New Ppain, capital of the province of Cohahuila. It has fevcn churches and two public icjuares, and is the principal military depot for this province and Texas. It is lituate on a rivulet, 310 m n Zacaie- •as. Lon. loi 30 w, lat. 26 33 n. Montemor Novo, a town of Portu- gal, in Alentejo, feated on the ('anna, 15 m wNw Evora, and 50 E by 8 Lilbon. Montemor Velho, a town of Portu- gal, in Beira, with a caftle, feated on the Mondego, 10 m sw Coimbra, and 83 N by E Lilbon. Montenati, a town of France, in the department of Seine and Marne, with a trade in corn, checfc, and cloth ; feat- ed on the Seine, at the influx of the Yonne, 15 m se Melun. Monterey, a feaport of New Albion, capital of the whole country and of a jurifdidion of its name. It compre- hends an area of 300 yards long by 250 wide, is walled round, and has a fort, with a fmall kind of block-houfe a little above the top of the wall, at each cor- ner of the fquare. It ftands on the se part of a fpacious open bay of the fame name. I. on. 121 51 w, lat. 36 36 n. Monterey, a town sf New Spain, ca- pital of New Leon, and a bifliop's fee. It Itands near the fource of the Tigre, which flows into the gulf of Mexico, 230 m NNE Zacatecas. Lon. 100 o w, lat- 26 10 N. Monterojfo, a town of Sicily, in Val di Noto, on the brow of a mountain, 28 -m w Syracufe. Monte/a, a town and fortref? of Spain, in Valencia. It is the feat of an order of knighthood of the fame name, and 9 m ssw Xativa. I .(-Si -v:^. .M. 'ifZ''^ ■ •i;'i^5 l€ i '! I M O N M O N Mcnte/fjuleu, a town of Fnncc, in the it has a greater mixture of fertile vale department (>f Upptr C.iroiiiit, 15 m and plain 'han lev«ral of the WrlJh 8bK TcjuOiiff. counties. Its riches proceed from (h^cp Montejijuiou, a tcwn of Finance, in the and wool, the hilly tradb being almolt dfp.iiiTi lit of Gi'is, 1 1 m v'^sw Auch. entiirly (h ep-walks; and the flocknare Mont/errand, a town 01 France, now a fuhurb to Clermont. Moutferrat, a i.ii( duchy of Pied- mont, to thv w ol Ml duel. , and n of the tt;rritory of G 11 la Iron which i^ is ftpanited bs 'he Npenniiies It 11 very N'rtil> and vvi-il cultivat^-d, abound* in^ III corn, win> , -ul, and filk. I be^ "longed to ''.If dukf of S;ivoy, «'.n of Holland, in Utrcchi, ii-aied on Uit Yflcl, 7 m sw Utrecht. ^Jonifort- n town of Germany, in Tyrol 6 m n F'Idkirch. Moutgiitz, or Munkats, a town of Lowfr H'lnj'T'v m 1 he county ot Perec- zas. Willi A t<.itiefK ( cinpoled of three caftles, fra'td on a cr;i;,gy rock. It 18 cneom-aired by a gic-i ttiorafs ; and nature and art have rendered it -ilinofl imprefrnahle. It t^as- defended thiee Montignac, a town of France, in the department of Dordogne, ai m £se Perigiieux. ^fontilla, a town of Spain, in Anda- hilia, 18 m ssE Cordova. Montjoy, a town of France, in the department of Koer, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Juliers. It has a forti- fied caftlc on a hill, and is fituate among rugu'ed rocks, 19 ms Juliers. MontivUJien, a town of France, in the department of Lower Seine, 6 m n Havre. MoittU'teUi a town of France, in the years by ilie princefs R<ad, containing '^ 38,480 acres; is divided into nine hundreds, and 53 pariflr^s ; has five market-townsj and fends rw > members to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 47,978 in 1801, and e upper town, in which is the cathedral, the Englilh church, a i'pacious court-houfe, and the government houlc. The in- habitants were eftimated at 12,000 in 1806; but the fortifications and walls of the city being now demolilhcd, it is improving inextenfion. Thechief com- merce is in furs, which are fcnt to Eng- land ; and it is the emporium of the trade carried on between Great Bi itain and the United States. Goods and merch^ndile for the upper country are carted hence to the village of Chine, 8 m higher up the river, where they are put on board batteaux ; the navigation of the river, 4 m above the city, being interrupted by the rapids of St. Louis. Montreal was furrendered by the French to the MON Engli(h in 1760- It in no m n Crown Pi'int, and 170 ^w Quebec. Lon. 7^ 18 w, lat. 46 J3 N. Montrral, a town of Spain, in Ara- gon, with a caftU, feated on the Xdoca, 25 m NNw Terruel, and 40 s by £ C.tlatayiid. Montreal^ a town of France, in the dcpartmciit of Rhine and Mo*cl!e, late- ly of Ge>many, in tli«> electorate of Tr vi », feated on die Eiz, ao m w by N Cot)lo iz. JMontreal, in Sicily; fee Menrealt' AJontreuH, A (IrMi^; town of Fiance, in the department of P,is dc Cilais, leated on a hill, neiir the month of the Canche, 36 m s Calaib, and 42 wnvt Arr^s. Montreutl Bellaij, a town of France, inthedepanrnrnl olMiymne and Loire, feated on iht i oiitt, 10 m Ssw Saumur. Montr'tchfirdy .1 'own of France, in th«' depaitnitiit of Loir and Cher, with a cattle, leaied near the Cher, 12 m se Amboife Montrofey a borough and feaport of Scotland, in Fortarthire, at the mouth of the S Efk, over which is a bridge. See Inclibruyock. A litt'c above the town the fiver txpunds into a wide lake, called the Bafin, into which the tide flows, that at hi^h water the town is almoft furrouniled by the fca. The harbuur is very commodi<.us, and has a dry and wet dock. A great quantity 01 malt is rn^de here, and there are coiifidi'rable manufactures of canvas, ropes, flieeting, linen, and thread. The fa'mon filheries of the N and S Eflc form a valuable branch vi ctimmerce. The numlier of inhabitants was 7974 in j8of, and 8955 in 181 1 At thii place thePrctendcr landed in December 17 15, and embarked in Febtuary following. Montrofc is 28 m ne Dundee. Lon. 2 22 w, lat. 56 41 N- Moiitfaujeon, a town of France, in the department of Upper Marne, 15ms LangiTS. Mont/crrat, a mountain of Spain, in Catalonia, aboul lam in circnnnference, and 3^]oo feet above the level ot the fea, toweririg over a hilly country, like a pile of Gotliic fpiies. On it is a large monalteiy. wiih a chapel, dedi- cated to the Virgin, reformed to by num- bers of pilgrim!! It is inhabited by no- ble Benef'.idine monks of fnlirt and prafiintry ; and in a third attack, ciitly in i8»9, thfy (iiccfcd«'d in cnn-rinf; the monaftcry, but were forcrd to retreat ihc next mornin);. In i8i i they again obtained pDlFcnion, but (bt)n aftPrw.ifd evaoiiati'd it, having; firft burned th« chtirch, and fvcry tiling that mij;ht be ufoful to a rc-t ftabiiftimcnt of thib im- portant point, it ii 24 m Nw Bar- celona. Montferrnt, one of the It-eward Ca- ribe illands, difcovcred by Columbus, and lb nained by hitn from its ri-fem- blance to the mountain mentioned in the preceding article. It is of .m oval form, 9 m long and 7 broad. The hill* are covered with ceilar and other trees ; and the chief rxporis are liigar, rum, and cotton. It belongs to the Englilh, and is 30 m sw Antigua. Lon. 6x 17 v/, lat. 16 4S K. Montzhij^en, a town of France, in the departinent of Rhine and Molclle, late- ly of Germany, in the circle of Upptr Rhine ; featcd on the Niihc, 13 m w by s C'lTutznach. i\[')nza, a town of Italy, in Mil.inele. It is fr.mous for the trtnliiry of St. John the haptift ; where»jimong o'hcrthingf, is the iron crown with which the an- cient Italian kings were crowned, and afterward the emperors of Germany ulienever they were difpoied to alFert tlicir rights, as kings of Lombardy. Charlemagne was crowned here in 774, after taking Diiiderius king of Lom- bardy prilbner. It is leated on the Lam- bro, 8 m NE IVli!;in. Moazon ; lee Mongon. Mo»n, Mountains of the, mountains of Africa, extending from Negroland, through AhyfliBia, to the Indian lea. They are higher than thole of Atlas. Moorfields, a town of Virginia, chief of Haidy county. It is fituate on the s branch of the Potomac, 45 m U' by s Winchefler. Lon. 79 20 w, lat. 39 8 n. Moorjhedabad, a city of Hindooftan, the capital of Bengal before the efta- blilhment of the Eiiglifli power. It is feated near the wdtern arm of the Ganges, 112 m N Calcutta. Lon. 88 37 e, lat. 24 15 N. Mooje Tort, a fettlement of the Hud- fon Bay Company, on the s part of James bay, near the influx of a river of its name. Lon. >!o 2 w, lat. 51 15 n. Moojh, or Mov/h, a town of Afiatic Turkry, in Kurdillan, which has a trade in tob.icco and mMnna. It is It-at- cd on an ttnunciicej wuilicd by the £u- MOR phrateti, over which it a bridgCi 40 m NNw Hfilis. Mnntnpilly, a town of Hindooflnn, in theGiintoor circar.at the mouth of the Gondcgama. Lon. 80 iob, lat. 1J35N. Morot X town of Sweden, in Dalo- cailia, near which is a (lone, famous for being the fpot whence Guftavus Vaf.i harmgued the Dalecarlians, and alTemblcd the troops with which be drove Chriltian 11, of Denmark, from Stockholm. It is dated near the w end of lake Siljan, 60 m nw Fahlun. Morut A town of Portugal, in Alen- tejo, on the river Odivor, 19 m nw Evora. Moray .1 town of Spain, in Catalonia, on the river Ebro, i8 m n Tortofa. Mora, a town of Spain, in New Caf- tile, 18 m .''E Toledo. Morant Point, the moft eafterly pro- montory of Jamaica. On the 8W lide of the point is a harbour of the fame name. Lon. 76 7 w, lat. 17 57 n. Morat, or Murton, a town of SwifTcr- land, capital of a bailiwic of the fame name, with a caftle. It (lands on the SE lide of a lake of its name, lying parallel with the lake of Ncuchatei, into which it flowc by the Broye. Thin town fuftained a liege againft the duke of Burgundy, in 1476, in which his army of 30,000 men were all flain ; and their bones are kt-pt here in a chaniel- houfe. U is 19 m w by s Bern, and 10 NE Fiiburg. Morataiaz, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, 22 m F. Ciudad Real. Moratalla, a town of Spain, in Mur- cia, 34 m ssw Chinchilla. Morava, a river of European Turkey, which riles in Bulgaria, flows through Strvia, by Nifla, and joins the Danube, at Stmendria. Moravia, a marqniHite of Germany, bounded on the w by Bohemia, n by Silcfia, E by Hungary; and s by Auftria. It is a mountainous country, yet very fertile and populous, and watered by a great number of rivers and brooks. More corn Is grown than the inhabit- ants conliime; and it produces much hemp and flax. The principal manu- factures are cloth, iron, glafs, paper, and gunpowder. From this country a (edt of Chrillians, called Moravians, take their name, thejr dodrines baying been firft taught here; but the inhabit- ants in general are Roman catholics. This marquifate belongs tolhe kingdom of Bohemia, but has its own form of government ; and is divided into Icvtn circles, Olniutz, Brun, Iglau, Zn.iym, liradilch, Prerau, and I'efchen, fo called ■'■^JB^R|!SJ!«W«*»^*JW IgCf 40 m ooftan, in ah of the in D.ilf- Guftavin liana, jiiid which be »»"•«» from the w piiil ti. in Alen- > m Kw :^;italoniii, rtofa. ^ew Caf- erly pro- 8W tide the fame N. fSwi/Ter- the lame 8 on the If, lying cuchatel, ye. This the duke 'hich his ain; and charnel* I) and 10 in New in Mur- Turkey, through Danube, ermany, a, N by AuRria. yet very ed by a brookf:. inhabit- 8 much maiiu- paper, :ounlry ravians, having nhabit- iholics. ngdom Jrm of ) Icvtn inaym, I called MOR from thfir chief towns. Olmutz !• the capital. Moretw, or Marfch, a river of Ger- many, which ha» its fource in the mountains between Uohemia and Si- Iflla, crolfei Moravia by Olmutz and Hradifch, and rt'ceiving the Tey.i, on the confines of Aultria and Hungary, icparatc'S thefi; two countries as far as the D.mubr, into which it enters, 15 m al)uve Prclburg. It has commonly the litter appellation till it receives the Teva. Moray Frith, a confiderable inlet of thp German ocean, on the coait of Scot- land, between the (luren of Rofs and Elgin. It extends in a sw direction as far as Invernefs, and thence nw to Heauley, where it receives the river of that name. Between Fortrole and Fort George it is contrat^led to about 2 m ; above which it expands, forming the fine harbour of Iiivernel's, aad then be- comes agiiin contra«5ttd. Morayjhire\ fee tUgin/hire- Morbeprno, a town of SwifTerland, capital of a diftridt in Valteline. It is the handfomelt and mult commercial town in Valteline, and feated on the Ad- da, 12 m SE Chiavenna, and 3* n Ber- gamo. Lon. 9 36 E, lat. 46 8 n. Morbtys, or Ommirabi/i, a river of Barbary, which riles in Mount Atlas, lepnrates the kingdom of Morocco from that of Fez, and enters the Atlantic at Az.amor. Morbiharii a department of France, including part of the late province of Bretagnc. Vannes is the capital of this department, which take.s its name from a bay, between that town and the illand of Bellifle. The entrance of the bay is narrow ; but it extends within, and cuntains about 30 little iflands. Morcone, a town of Naples, iu the county of Molife, 19 m ssb Molife. Morea, the ancient Pcioponnefus, a peninfula forming the se part of Tur- key in Europe, to which it io joined by the illhmus of Corinth, lying between the gulfs of Lepaiito and Engia. It is 180 m long and 130 broad, and divided into three provinces. The foil is fertile, except in the middle, where there are many mountains ; and it abounds with mulberry trees, which are cultivated for the feeding of filkworms. It is watered by fv-veral rivers, of which the Alpheus, Vaiili Potamo,andStromioarcthe chief. It was taken by the Venetians from the Turks in 16H7, and retaken in 1715. The largcft town is Militra, but the ca- pital is Tripulizza. Mon Morella, a town r)f Spain, in Valrnciflt which was almoft dcftroyed, in i7c5# by the army of Philip V. It is feited among high moutttains, 33 m sw Tur- tola. and 57 nni Segorbc. Alorejhy, .1 village in Cumberland, with a harbour a m N Whitehaven. In and near it many remains of antiquity have been dug up, inch as altars and Itones, with inloriptiom 011 them } and fcveral caverns have been found, called Pidts' Holes. Alorett a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine and Marne, on the canal of Orleans, near the Seine, 12 t« 33 K Melun. More/on Jfamfi/had, a town in De- vondiire, with a market on Saturd.iy, and manufaiflures of woollen cloth and yarn. It has the veltiges of two caflles or forts; and in the vicinity are a Dru* Idical temple and a cromlech. It is la m wsw Exeter, and 185 w by s Lon- don. Moretta, a town of Piedmont, on a fmall river that runs into the Po, 16 m s Turin. Morf^an, a weftern diftriifl of N Ca- rolina, comprehending the counties of Burke,Wilke8,Rutherford,Lincoin,and Buncomb. MorgantoivM, a town of N Carolina, in Uurke county, capital of Morgan dillriit. It (tands near Catabaw river, 68 m w Salilbury. Lon. «i 53 w, lat. 3547N. Morgantoiun, a town of Virginia, chief of Monongalia county. It ttands on the E lide of the Monongahela, 30 m 8 by w BrownlVille. Lon. 80 lo w, lat. 39 34 N. Morganza, a town of Pennfylvania, in Walhington county, at the union of the E and w branches of Chartier river, which runs n by k into the Ohio, 5 ni below Pitlfburg. Boats, carrying iVora 2 to 300 barrels of flour, have been built and laden here, and Itnt down to New Orleans; to which place the exports hence are confiderable alfo in bacon, butter, cheefe, cider, and apple Ipirits. It is 13 na bw Pittfburg. Marges, a town of SwiflTerland, in the canton of Bern, and capital of a bailiwic, with a caltle. By its canal, goods arc lent to other part.- from ihe l.ike of Ge- neva, on which the town is feated, 5 m wsw Laulannc. Morhange, a town of France, in the department of Mofelle, 21 m sse Menta. Moriugen, a town of Suabia, in the principality of Fuiltcnburg, 14 m nnk Schaffhaufen. « < * ,1 l!l?^'U:^ In <.^ tW^M #aflJ FIHj n ^ I! i'l'H M <) R Moringen, a town of Lower Saxony, In thr duchy of Hrunfwick. fituate un the Mohr, la m nnw Oottmgrn. Muritzt '^t. a town ufSwinirlind, in thf canton of Orifons, with a famous mineral fpring, aj m mni Chiavenna. Merlachia, a mountainoui country in Hungarian Dalmntiii, thi> inhabitantH of which arc c.ilkd MorhclcH, or Mor- lachi. They inhabit the pU'afant valieyi of Koter. along the rivKm Kcrh.i, Get- Una, Narcnta, and among the inland mountains of Dalmatia. Thry are faid, byromc, to be of Wullachiun extrac- tion { hut others think their origia in- volved in the darknefs of the barbarnut ages. The inhabitants of the feacoaft of Dalmatia tell many Itories of their afarice and cruelty ; but if any Aich events have happenedi they ought to be afcribed to the corruption of a few in- dividuals, for the mod pleafing trait of charuAer among the Morlachi is friend- ihip. They have even made it a kind of religious article ; for the Sclavonian ritual contains a particular benediction, /'or the folemn union of two male, or two female friends, in the prefence of the congregation. The Morlachi are extremely fenfible of mild treatment, and when they meet with it are ready to perform every poflible fervice ; but are implacable if injured or infulted. Their hoipitality is equally conCpicuous among the poor, as among the opulent ; nor is their gcneroltty confined to ftrangers, but extends itfclf to all who are in want. They have very fingular ideas about religion, and the ignorance of their teachers daily augments this monftrous evil: they are as firmly perfuaded of the reality of witches, fairies, enchant- ments, noAurnal apparitions, and for- tileges, as if they had feen a thoufand examples of them. Segna is the capi- tal. Morlaix, a town of France, in the department of Finifterre, with a caftle and a tide harbour. The church of Notre Dame is a lingular ftrudure, and the holpital very handfome. It has a confidcrable trade in linen, hemp, and tobacco, and is feated on a river of the fame name, 30 m ene Brell. Lon. 3 51 w, lat 48 33 N. Morlundoy a town of Sweden, in the province of Smoland, 41 m n Calmar. Morocco, or Morocco., an empire of Africa, comp-'ehcndinp a confiderable part ef the ancient Mauritrtnia, lying between 28 and 36 n lat. It is bound- ed on the w by the Atlantic, n by the Mediterranean, e by Algiers and Tafi- MOR let, ami & by Durah. Its greateft length is above 600 m, and from aoo to ^do in breailth. The three grand divifioni ol the empire are the kiiijrdoms of Siis, Morocco Proper, and Fez. The ibil, though fandy and dry in fome placen, is fertile in others) and the fruits, a^ w«'ll as the panutci, are excellent, but the country is not properly cultivated. The inhabitants are MohamedanH, of a tawny complexion, robuft, and very ikilful in managing a horfe, and wield- ing a lance : they are jealous, deceitful, fupcrftitious, and cruel. There are two forti of inhabitants; the Arabs, who dwell in moveable villages, compofed oi about too tents; and the Bereberics, who ore the ancient inhabitants, and live in cities and towns. There are a great number of chriftian (laves, and ibme merchants upon the coaft, befide a multitude of Jews, who carrv on al- moft all the trade ; efpecially oy land with the Ncgros, to whom they fend large caravans, which travel over vaft deferts almoft deP.itute of water. They carry with them woollen goods, fi'.k, fait, &c. and in return, have flaves, gold-dud. and elephants teeth. They alfo fend large caravans to Mecca every year, partly out of devotion, and partly for trade, confiding of feveral thouiand camels, horfes, and mulen,. Hcfide woollen goods, their commodities are Morocco leather, indigo, cochineal, and oftriches feathers; in return for which they have filks, muflins, calicos, coffee, and drugs. In the deferts are lions, ti- mers, leopards, hyenas, and ferpents of ieveral kinds. The fruits are dates, flgs, alnaonds, lemons^ oranges, pomegra- nates, and many others. There is alfo flax and hemp, but little timber. Thr emperor is abfolute, his will being a law, and he often exercifes great cruelties. His naval force conlifts cniefly of rovers, who now and then take large prizes. He can bring ioo,coo men into the field, half of which are foot and half horfe ; but they are poorly armed, and know little of the art of war. Morocco, a city of the kingdom of Morocco, feated in a beautiful plain, formed by a chain of mountains on the N, and thofc of Atlas on the s and e. Though one of the capitals of the em- pire (for there are two others, Mequi- nez and Fez) it has nothing to recom- mend it but its great extent and the royal palace, in which the emperor fpends the faft-days during the months of October and November. It is en- clofed by ftrong walls, the circumfer* J,i«i»f*«r*"-'.'- ■ "^^^ MOR enee of which ii 8 m { they artf flAnkrd by Tquare towirs, .ind ruiroutulcd Ity a wide 4i>d deep ditch. The mofqticv, CJrav.infarici, ptdiMc h«tli», liqu.irc*, and pilacm «)f Ihe xiriffr* htv iiumi-r- o\i», but in 4 Hate of diUpidatioii. The heft houfcBiire nicioffd in w'.irdJewark, and 50 N by E Trenton. Morfona, a town of Naples, in the coni'ty of Molife, 14 m ne Molife. Moriagne, a town of France, in the department of Orne, famous for its fcTgesand tanrierie.«, J9 in ese Seez, and 70 Wbw Paris. Mortagne, a town of France, in the department of Nord, at the conflux of theSiarpcand Scheldt, 8 m i^ETournay. Mortagne, a tovt^n of France, In the dcpartmetit of Lower Charente, feated on thf Gir(inde, 24 m s.sw Saintes. Mortagne, a town of France, in the department of Vendee, where a battle was fought in 1793, between the royal- iits and republicans, in whick the former M OS ire faid to have loft lo.oso men. It ii ^(\ m N I'Diiten.iy le Compie. Mar tain, a town of France, in the de- paiiment of Manchl*, on the rivulet LanciH, alnioft I'urroundcd by cra(rgy lock's, :o in I'. Avranch<'3. Murturn,^ town of Italy, in MiUnefe, and in tlic dillrld of Luiiiellu, 12 m sw Milan. Mortal/, un iflniid, the moft northern of the .Nloiuccas, {iibje(5t to the fultan of Ttrnate. It Ih 80 m in circumferencc» and thinly inhatiitcd, but lull of f.igo trees, which are cut by the people of Gili>lo Lon. 128 o K, Iat. 3 o n. Mortlich, a village of Scotland, In Hanfrniirf, 6 m bw K'iith. Here Mal- colm II, in memory of a vidtoiy gained over the Daner<, founded a bilh 'prici which wah tranflated tu Aberdeen by David i. Morviedro, a t(»wn of Spain, In Va- lencia, uii the (ite of the ancient Sagun- tum, with a ftrong caftle, called Sa- gunta which was taken by the French in lAii. Here are ruins uf a Roman ampiiitheaire, &:c. It has a trade m brandy, and ftands on a river of the Time name, 4 m from the fea, and 16 N by E Vali-ncia Mofa. a town of Arabia, In Yemen, 25 m N by K Mocha. Mofambujue, a llrait or channel of the Indian ocean, between the coift Of Africa and the ifland of Madagafcar. It in narrowest in the middle, where it IK 240 m over ; and in this part, on the continent, is h kingdom, ifland, and city of the r.ime name. Mofambiquey a kingdom on the coaft of CaflVcria, oppolile the ifland of .Vla- dafralcar. The capital is of the fame name , fituate on an ifland, chief of three iflands that form a part of the kingdom. The lurpefl, called .Mofambique, Is not more than 3 m in length, and half as much in breadth, and is about 2 m from the continent. I he other two, called St. George and St. James, lie on each fide of it, facing the continent. The iflands are in general fandy, but in fomc parts produce citrons, oranges, and other fruits. The foil on the continent is lux- uriant and fertile in rice, millet, fruit, pulfe, roots, and other efciilents ; and it feeds vaft quantities of cattle, large and fmall, p,?rticularly llieep with large tails. Here are wild beaftsof various kinds, as It^gs, boars, and elenhanis, which laft are lb fierce and dcftrudtive, that the in- habitants are obliged to kindle large fires round their fown fields, to prevent their being devoured by them. The country is alio rich in gold, which is waflied 2 I 1 4 < •• I I ii f!^ ,il ifil H '<' V !1' 'wt'l ctown by thi* rivrrt In grrit qti.inliilfit aiul itiikfn ;i I Met p,iit oi' iticomtiu'rre. |»nty, olioiiy, (1 t»c<, .I'ul citllc, art lik'-- wiT' ch.iitgrtl ft)i' Eiiropriu pordi*. The. nulivPk 11,111(1 in ;i\vr dt' tlic Portiijou T', >vlio nrc tlif «>ti!y I'.uropcii'H ;ii!mittiil into fii'iif of thiir purt^, vvlutuc tiny rxport tlu* ininn»oilitici» itlrcaJy men- tiniird, nlio filvrr, Cuppi'r, nnd w.ix. The nty of MoOiinliiqiir is ('tiil to In? ▼cry h;in»ti(', iiiul tlir Imilvlinp^ will conilnidh'il, e(p' ci.il'y tlu? clnirctit'it ,uiil convrtith; and the foit or i; illlc i'» al) >ut a mulki t iht)l from th«; city. Tht- fort licloiijiH lo tlic l\.rlinfi:cfc, who h.ivc generally n good garrilou here, a weU i\om\ mnguxii.e, and a l.trgc hoijiital fur lick f.iiloru. Thiir (hip^ alw.iy h imII licrr in goiii;; to ihc !•) loilicn; and the h;trhoiir in li> commodious, that wholi^ flcris mny anchor and providt* thtm- fflvcit with all nccrllaricH. L01.1. 41 8 U, lat. 15 5 s. M<>jl)jc/i, a town of flcrimny, in thi* Ink? pdatinafc of the Rhinf, with .1 caf- tle. It hi; matiiifatitnrcn of cloth and Cilt, and it) Icatcd on the Ncckar, iH m K llridcibcrp. ^lojhurfr, A town of Ofrmaity, in Ca- rinthii, 6 ni nw Clapcnlnit. Mnjiitrvf, .1 town of Havaria, at (he conflux ol the Amber with the Ifer, y ni w I.andiliut. Mvico-vy ; fee Ihtfl'.n. Mo/ioiu, «)r Mojiof, formerly a du- chy, Init now a govcmnunt of Uufl] 1; hoiii (l»>d on tilt' N by llit; povcrniiicnt cf Tver, li by that .of gtcit Volodiniir, 5 by the govf'rnn'.cnf; of K'dii;;o and Kcf.ir, iind w by tliufc of Tver r.nd Smolihflio. It is a fruitful coinitry, and produces abundance (4" alp;'t;i^;u3. Mojconv, a city of Riiflii, c.ipit li of the government of Mofcow, inid for- inerly of tlu; whole empire. It is the lurppft city in Kinope; the circtiit, within the rampi.it that cnch iVs the fubuvbs, beirjf 36 ni ; l)i;t the popula- tion does not cornf[)ond with the tx- ttnt. it contain" within the ramparts 250,000 fouls, and is Uill the inoit po- pulous city in the rmijii t, notwitliflai.tl- inp the refidence of the court is at Pc- tcrfburp. Mofcow is diftributcd into five divifionii; the Krimlin, Khita";jo- roil,Bielporod, Semlainoporod, and Mo- boda. The Kremlin is in the ctnlral and higheft part of the city, lurrounded by high walls of Hone and brick, 2 m in circumference. This divifion is not deformed by wooden houf^s. It con- tains the ancient palace of the czars, now only rcm?rkal)le for being the birthplace of Peter the grc .t ; allu liie MOS CAthrdi^I with Itvrn towers ferffAl churches with beautiful fplrn, two con. vcntH, the patiiarehd palact*. nnd thi arrcniil. 'I'he Khitaigtirud is muih lar«;rr th.m the Krtmlin : it contain* the univtrlity, the print ^i)rhoiifr, and many uttier public huihluif:*, with «lt th" t'^'hl'ineuh Ih'ipii The houfet are modi, iCv:uCil or whitc\van»(.«l J an*l it h.i» -i only flrect in Molcow in whicl. . c h nfei A.iinl 1 lod- to cai 1» other. 'I'lie niclgnrnd, or White Town, runs round the two pice^'ding divirion>; it talus it natnc frotti u whitf wall, hy whie!i it wa< fornncrly (iirrciinded. 'I'hfj Semlaino;'or(Hl rnviroriH .ill the other three divilionii, and is fo denominitted from A circular rairiiart of earth by which it is tncompaffed. The laft twi» divilionrt ixhibit a grotiT([iii' group of chun-hen, ccnventN, palaces brick •'"•'l wooden hoiiien, and mean hovels. Thi? Sloboda, or fiiburl)cll ihii wfi|{h<'ii ft (liv.il dayt (hi* bell ill vifltcd y>y ihc n.iMvrn, who r<'y,ird it wiili riprrflitioiiH vciicritioii. In tlic c.ithdril of St. M'chari, tin- |i)VfrciKii4 of RiiHl I wcTf form<'rly intern-d : thi-ir boiln'^irudrpfidii*! \i< r.iilid I'cptilchri'it miiftly *>f" lirirk. ill »h<' Hi ipir ot .1 i-ofTin, above Iho p.ivntii'rit. L.u h tnml) liaiti •t the LiW' r exrcmity, a (ilvn pUt« containing thf nimr (it the prin.'c and the ti;ii(' (»f himliatli ; onyriMt fellivali they arc all covt red uith pa'iN of gold or lUvcr hrocadc, ftiivlilcil wdh pearU and jewels. The cath- dral of tlu; Al- fumption of thf Vir^;iii Miry is ilic- mofl mannifiicnt in ibe tity, and lia» hccii loiiK .ipnropriatfd to the coronation of the Kidn.iii Ibvrri i^'iii. The toiiinlling- hofpit.ii, foiuiilc'l hy C ithi'iiii'j 11, i', and Tirvcs entera the Khine at Cubic ntz. Metz h the capit il. Mojirnia,^ towri of I'erlia, in (He pru- vince (if Kiifidan, jj m sw Suiter. M'jjiof ; fee Matljircoin- Mojquite S/iere, A Country of New Spain, on the Atl."iini(; ocean, contain- ing the eallern part of the provinces of Hondui.'*« and Ncira^ua. In magni- tude it exceeds I'ortiu-al i Ih well wa- tered by n.ivignble iivirs and lakes; aboimdti in filh. K'>nie,and pioviliuni of all (()rt8 ; furnillKt every mccllary for railing cattle and Ituck ; and clothed with wood.n producing timlxr for every purpofe at land or I'l-a. The loil is fu- pcriiir to that of the W India ill inda ; the climate is more Ldubrious ; and the dellriiiHive rav.iircs of hurric.uies and tarlbiiuakes have never Ixru known litre. The Mofquito Indi.ms are fii fitunte between moradesand in.icceflible mountaioN, and acoalt lull of locksand fhoalii, that no attempt.^ a,;ain(l them by the Spaniardv, whom they uiortally hate, could ever fucceed. VVhrn the duke of Albemarle wa» governor of JamaiC'T, they fpontancoudy put th.'m- fclvcs uiidi r tilt; pi ttt'(!lion of Great Britain, and their king received a com- rn'lliaii from bi-> grace, after which timr, they were Heady in their alliance with the F.iigiilh, and ufeful Ui thctn on many occalions Utit tht^ cuiiu^xiun no longer fublills; f • r by a convention with Spain, in r786, the Englilh, in conliikration of certain ctflions on fh- coait ot Ju'.atan, agreed totvicuatc ihiacovinlry. MofSf a fiaport of Norway, in the province of Aggerbtiys, at the inouth of a river of Its iianie, 0:1 the k tide of Chriftiania b.iy. Here are in my law- mills, and a large iion-found'ry. It is 38 m s Chriltiaiiia. Lon. 10 4>i F-, lut. Aloijel Bay ; fee Mttj'cle Bay. Mujskirch, a town ot SiiiDi.i, with a fine caftle, 21 m n Conllance. Moj/ithi, a town of the kingdom of Congo, at the mouth of the- Unzo, 220 i ■ 1 ♦ ♦ I If MOU ■ tw It. Salftdor. Lofi. i» le i» Ut. Mnjtiigan, a fr ipnrt of Algier*. in the pruviiu'r i)f M.iic.mt with .1 imDUi uut •I giiihi hnihxiiri 5-) m kNfc OrAn. Lon. O .to * • lAt. ,{A 10 ilh(ip'» Itr . {rM- r>t on thf N<4rrnzi| ao in Nk. N.trt-u/.i. Lon. |4 )7 R, IM 4( 4H N, .t/o/u/t « lily o» Afntic Tiirkty, in Di'Uhfk, tiirroiiixlcd by lii}>h wilU, And (Iffcnitfd t)y ,1 ciftlf and citudi'l. The hoiiri-ii.in' in Icvcr^l pUcc* (txit* to ruin ; hut it h.in a )(ii-at tr.i , lat. '^6 11 N. Mottilii, a town »)t Swfdvii. in I''. Oothl.tnd, fiiuate 011 tiir n llde of th«* rivfr Mniala, where it iHiun Irom the lal<<' Wetter, :o in wnw Linkopin^;. Motti/ii, a river ot Sweden, which ifl'ni'ti bom the nk part ot the lake Wt'tttr, flowstoNordkoping, and (oon afterward cnterB a bay of the Baltic. In itri courfe, through one of the richrft vallic.i in Sweden, it formN lomr lakeland rccciveflli'veral rivers. See i\orriiof>in_^. Mofir, one of the Molucca illaiids. ao m in circuit, and vilnahlt- fV.r its fpiccs. Lon. 1:7 u i-, lat. o 10 n. Motola, a town of Naples, in Terr;* d'Otianto, 15 m nw Taranto. Ahtrico, a town of Spain, in OuipuC- coa, on the b;iy of Difcay, 18 m w St. 6cbaftian. Motril,i\ ir^wn of Spain, in Granada, with a good h;,rbour; fcated near ihc Mediterranean, 37 la sk Granada. Lon. 3 28 \v, lat. 36 3» N. Motta, a titwti of Italy, in Trevifhno, at the conflux of the Mottigano and Li- vcii'/a, j8 m n f. Trevi(b. Muita, a town of Naples, in Capi- tan.1t a, )i m tsK Volturara. Mottling', fee M-llinf;. Mom/), a town of Arabia, in Yemen, the rtfulcncc of a prince; feated in a fertile country, 90 m se Sana. Lon. 46 35 E, lat. 14 »0N, MO If MtUiUn, a town of SwilferUndi capl. tal ot .1 b.iitiwic of the (4m«> name, in the I'.tyA dr V.iiid, with A CMltlc on ihr fiimmit of a muiiuidin, 1 a m m >< k Lau* fanm*. Mtiif'JrH t fre ('hfit'faHJf. Mnulint, a town ol' Fr ncf , capital nf the drp.irtmmt of AHier, and lately A billiep'i lie. Itx m.iiiiifa^lurc of ciit« lery in in V\''*'*^ efleem ( and the h(uif>!i of the late C'.artrciix, and <>t the \ il> (atioti, .lie III ignirtieiit It nt liMtitlrui the Allm. over vthich li a Rnr bridge, ^o m M Nrvrrw, nnd jj N Clermont. Lon < 10 ^ . l.it 4 A y\ N. Moiilini *n (U/hi-rt, 1 town of I'rnncf, In the department i>l Nirvre,at the foot of the mniintaini of Murvan, 5 m »w Chatiau t hmon. Muuliiu lit Miircfif, n town of Francf, in the department of Oine, 14 in ni Alri'^iin. Mou/ttiH, a province of Ilimlooft in, boiindr«l tin the n by Lahore, k. ly Del- hi and Aviincic. •* by Sindy, and w hy I'tilia and Candahar. The orodu^li* are cotton, fiigar, opium, gim, itilphiir, iN'c. It w 1* lubjeiJI to th«' Seikit ; but . the capital, Moiiltaii, had I'cen ^;airil«ii>cd by the king of Canddiar ever fiiue 1779. Motiltim, a ciiy III'- 1 li U' triMii thr 1(4 1 and iKu n part U r«p4r4li-d from 'rri'iiiiin, u!i the m^inUiiil, by « ftrait 9 nt witic Muu'ii llollf, A tiiwii nf Ni'W Jcrfry, in Hiiiliiigluti iMiihiy, 011 tie- n liitv uf AnocDU* ('ie>'k, 7 m ti^ Uuilinxtdn. MuuHhntlli(k, ■! titwii i)( InliiiJ, iit (^iiciMi county. 'I lie wixil coiiibtng, rniltinKi and t.iniiiiiK Imliiicin'^i the ('(tttdii miiiuCtCttirc 4iiiiMiKh. Mountntth, a town i.r' lr'I...Kl, in Queen couii'y. In tht ncittliliourhond arr ftmu- iron worki ( iml thi- vvcuillin ni'inufu^ture f •mil Ihi* pniuipd tridc. It JH 6 m w iw M.iryl)iirtiiigh, .iiid aj N Kilkenny MoHHifurrel, a titwn in Lciccllerftiirf, with .1 market on Montl.iy, f.Mitd un the Soar, at the loot ut' a hi^h tnoiinl ur rock, of a rorrcl«c<>luur«'d Hone, with which the town in chiitly hiiilt and paval. It is ao tn »:>k Derby, and 105 NNv^ London. Mottra, a town of Portugal, in Alfn- tejo, with an old caftic; fr.drd ii«'ar the cuiiliux uf the Ardila with the Guadia iKi, u Ti iHi: livora. Muuraon, a town of I'ottiiRal, in Alciittjo, with a calHi* ; ft.i'ed on the burdcrn of Spain, and near the Oua- dian.i, aH m k by » I'.vora. Mourzvuk, the cnpital of Fczzan, with a fortrefH, in which is the lUitan's pallet*. It id fltuate on a rivul< t. and fiippticd with water from a multitude of Ipriiigs and wells- The medley which it prcfcnta to the eye, of the vaft ruins of ancient buildings, and the hum< hlo cott;ii;r8 of earth and (and that form the dwellingn of its prcient Arab iniiabitants, is lingularly groteli^uc and llrango. It is furroundod by a high wail, with three gaic3, at which is col- k'(5lcd a tax on all goods (provifions excepted) that are brought for the fup- ply of its people. The commerce is conliderable, but confifts merely of foreign merchandifc brought by the ca- ravans from Cairo, Bornou, Mefurata, and other fmall troops of traders. Mourzouk is 290 m s Mefurata, and 700 Nw Bornou. Lon. 15 35 E,lat- a; 54 n. Moujfy, a river of Hindooftan, which croflttH the country of Golconda, and runa into the Kidna, on the borders of the circar of Paluaud. MUD M»H/I'nn% « tnw)i ot Prince, in tli« tlep4ritnf'it <>( Lowir M|m, with 4 (ii4< nutaOtiiri* Kitx MoUfinri, or Miniih0ri^ « town of r>.tvtiv, l.iiil^ ,in .11. hlii(h'>|)'« In* In the iM-ighbourho4itl |(und fait l« madc- It \^ lifuiir Amid craimy muuntAim, at the cunnux t)f the Doiion with the ll>ri-, 17 III y by 11 Chaiiib* ry. Lon. ft .U f. I«l 43 «» »». Mouxon. a town nf Frant'C, in the dc* parrmciit uf Ard< line*, with 4 in.tiiuliic* tun- t)f Strncs \ fcuicd on the M%ulr» 9 tn • I* S«-dan. Mitiutt, one «»f ihr Sandwich id null, 162 m III cireuit A low illhmui di- vili'» i( into two ci>ciil.«r pt'iimluli-i, of which the earttrn i« doiiole he ll/.e of th.' wcdirn The mountain* in htith rife to H Kreat hvi|(ltt, but the country priiut trees. Lon. 175 56 w. lat. 10 s,^ n. Moi/envii:, a town of I'Vancc. in the dep.irtmcni .f Vleuiti-, iiottd lorit* fait Ipring, a m km. Vic, and 16 !•. Nancy. Mozir, .1 toivn »)t l.ithii.inia, in the p.ilati.iatt of Minfk. on the riv^r Pri- Ect, 140 in H»K Miiilk. Lon. 29 jo u, It. M >0 N. yi/iUlha^ a town of .'.fiatic Georgia, anciently the capital o» the country, and then a magiiiticent city, ol which tx- tcidive ruin» nmain. lliiv many of the kingii and princex h.ive been inter- red, and tlie old church '\* one of thr finifl Itrudurciiiii Georgia. It iH lituatc on the Kur, immeuiatcly below the in* llux of the Aragivi, 15 m nnw T. flis. Mj'cijlaw, A town uf Lithuani.i, lately the c;;pital of a palatinate o!' tiie fame name, but now lubjettt to Kuliia, and in th-' government v'i Mohilef. It in featcd on the Sofz, 50 m s Smolcnlk, and 64 BNK Mohilci. Lou. 34 3» I, hit. j4 a8 N. ^lucheln, a town of Upper S.ixony, ill Thuringia, 8 m wsw iNIeifburg. Muc'tdan, a town uf France, in the department of Dordogne, op the river Ille, 18 m s\v Pciigueiix. Muck^ an iflaud uf Scotland, one of the Hebrides, 4 m sw of that of Eigf, It i» 3 m lung and a mile broad; thtc Toil in general good, and beeves tiirive well. Kelp is burnt on its Ihores, and much oil extracted from the livers Qf the funfilh. Mudietiberg, 3 town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, az m n e Meiflen. MuJjti'a, or Muntlania, a town of Afiaiic Turkey, in Natolia, oa a gulf of ( ' IM U T. ttie fet of Marmora. The commerce is • ery corifiiliTablc m grain, fruit, wine, (altpelre, filk, and the in:Miiirri6hin 6 of Burf.i, wliich .ire hroUK'lit here for ex- ay \ I portation. It is 17 m n liuilii. Lon. JO K, lat. 40 2/ '.' . Muer, or ^1/ tfkr, a river lliat riff s in the tlijchy of S^i/Sntg, tronts Stiria, by Miicran, Jtidfiii'inij, Miicr, C.tatz, and Lnttt'ubmj;, piiI j.iiris tlie Dr.tve, ne;^r C.iniftlia, in llinij^iry. Mi.rr, a town of Gtrmaiiy, in Stiria, on tlif liver MiHT, 25 rn nw (vra'z. Muerau, a town of Gtroiai y, in iSti- ria, with a citadtl on m 1 nili • iicc, by llif rivcT Miitr, a m w J.^'m- irp. JMiiiffln, New, a town cf Upper Sax- ony, in Mifnia, with a raftle called Ru- cethal. Notfii hence is the viiliget)f Old AliiRfln It is 18 m w liy a Nji-iflRti. Mugia, a town of Spam, in Galicia, on the w ci)a(l,4o m wnw Compolt<:lla. Mu^Ua, a town of Italy, in Ulria, with a cifllc, and a harbour for barges, 5 m sF. Trieil. Mu^lit%, a town of Moravia, in the circU' of Oimiitz, 22 m NNwOimutz. Muhlhirgt a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, with a caftle, fituatc on the Elbe, .^o m nw Drefden. Muldorft a town of Bavaria, on the N bank of the Inn, 23 ni ssE KandOint. Mujacar, a feaport of Spain, in Gra- nada, with a flrong caftle on a moun- tain ; fe.^ted on a bay of the Mediterra- nean, 40 m NE Almcria. Lon. i 55 w, lat. 37 7 N. Muirkirk, a town of Scotland, in Ayr- fhire, with confiderable manufaiflures of iron and coal tar; fituatc on the river Ayr, 35 m E Ayr, and 5 i sw Edinburg. Muldau, or Moldav, a river of Bohe- mia, which rifes on the confines of Ba- varia, and flows by Budweis and Prague into the Elbe, oppofite Melnick. Mulhaufen, a city of Uppei Saxony, in Thuringia, capital of a territory of it3 name. The inhabitants, about 9000, are Lutherans. Here arc fome flourifii- ing fchools, and a convent of Auguuine nuns. It is feated in a fertile country, on the Unftrut, 17 m nnw Golha. Lon. 10 j,y E, lat. 51 10 n. Mulhaiifen, a town of France, in the dep.irtment of Upper Rhine, with ma- nufadures of printed linensandcottonsj feated on the J!!, 24 m s Colinar. Mul/ieim, a lown of Weitphalia, in the duchy of Berg, feated near the Rhine, 3 m ne Cologne. _ Muli'vaddi/, a river of Ceylon, which rifcs at the foot of a high mountain, called Adams Peak, 60 m ne Colum- ^0} flows weftward, and enters the fca INT IT N by fcveral bnnehes. The largcft of thefo, f illi'l tlie Mutwal runs into the foa 3 111 If nith' fort o' Cc'nmbn, and it iiavir.'lve for boats upward of 35 m. ^hifl, oi'C of the Hcl. rides of Soet- kiui: 17 m ill length, and in fo-nr place* of eqi; il breadtli, (eparatetl from tlip in.imioil of Arrylelhire l>y a thannel called the SoumI of Mull. Mere are many good natural harbours, and tlie ruins of feveral ancient caflles. Tlie foil is, for the mod part, rocky and oar- rrn ; imt the hills abound with i'priii,''s, ' tie covered with tlie.p and cattle; tlicfe, with the flfiiery, and a confider- able quantity of kelp, are the articles of commerce. The principil place is To- berniory. MulUnfrar, a borouph of Ireland, capital of the county of W Meath. It holds a great wool mart, and is a placi: of good trade, 45 ni w by n Dublin. Lon. 7 15 w, lat. 53 30 n. Mulluvta, a river that rifes in Mount Atlas, divides the empire of Morocco from the kingdom of Algiers, and enteri the Mediterranean fta. Muhofty II town of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark, on a cannl between the Spree and Oder, 10 m sw Frankfort. Mn»c/tl>er!r, a tow ' . f Franconia, iti the principality of IJuyrcuthi 16 m fc Culmbnch. Mtiru nberf^t a town of Branden- burg, in the Middle mark, with filk and woollen manufactures, 34 m e Berlin. Munda, a town of Spain, in Granada, 30 m WNW Malaga. Mundeitt a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of BrunA ick, fituate on the Werra, at the influx of the Fuld , where their united ftreani forms tl i Wefer.* Good millftones arc found in the neighbourhood. In the war of 1756 it was fevcral times in the hands of the French, who did not evacuate i( till 1762. It is 10 m NE Caflcl, and ij sw Gottingen. Munder, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Brunfwick, on the river Hamel, 8 m nne Hamclin. Munderliinffen, a town of Suabia, which lately belonged to Auftria, feated on the Danube, 9 m n Buchau. Mundu, a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Malwa, of which it was anciently the capital. It was then 11 m in circuit, and contained many mo- numents of ancient magnificence, but it is fallen much to decay. It occupies the top of a large and lofty mountain, 46 m s Ougein, and no nnw Burhan- pour. Lon. 75 47 e, lat. zz 50 m. Mmgl9rit a town of Candahar, \* MUN tlic country of Caliul, ij^ tn w C ilin;Ich has often b'^cn taken in the wars of Germany; .ind in 1/96 and 1800, it was t'dcen by tlic French. It is feared on the ifer, ■^ ^ m rsc. Augfburg, and 62 s by w Katiibon. Lon. 11 ^o k, lat. 48 10 N. Munknts ; fee Marif^iratZ' Munnerjladt, a town of Franconia, m the principality of vVnrtzb'irjr, filuate on the Laiier, ij vi n Scinvciiirart. Mun>ir/pour, the capital of , the coun- try of ('a/Tay. It: was taken and piiljged by the Birmans in 1774. It is a 10 m NNw UmtTierapoora, and 410 k by N Calcutta. Lon. 04 40 k, lal. 24 30 n. Mun/!n_^en, a town oi Siiahia, ir. the duchy of Wirtembcrg, with a cafile, 20 m w Ulin. Munjier, n province of Ireland, 1:^5 m long and i :o broad ; bounded on the N byConnaight, e by Leinder, anil s and vv by the Atlantic. It contains tlir counties ol Clare, Tippi'rary, \Va- ttrford, Cork, Limerick, and Kerry, 'i'he principal place is Cork. Miaijlr., a [.rii'.ripdity (late billiop- rlc) of Germany, in llie circle of Wclt- phiilia ; boiindefl on t!ie N by K Fiicf- latid and Oldenbiiig, E by Ofnabmg and the counties of Diephoitz, Linemen, Tecklenburg, Rf^vcnlbnrg, and L'ppe, s by the duchy of Weftphalia, county of Mark, and duchy of Cieve, and w by Holland and the county of Ikn- theim. It contains 1360 fquare m, and is divided into tbc upper and lower MlITl principality. Th. tincf rivers nrf the r.n's. Lippc, V'eJu, ,u;d berl»«'l. The cotirHiy \i ti'vrl, vvi'h fortie i.Tcei'i'ii hc';.'h;s, blu no niou'il liiij ; . nd ii h 19 fnnrf'ul p,aiiis, fine w.'Oilh, txi»'nh.i; heaths that feed many ^.itt.f, am' i^ood qii nries ol Ifonc. In i8.'i, the I>i(!iop- ric was leciilarifed, «nl j^.ivfti as an indernnity to the king ol PnilTi.. by wh>)m, at the peare ofTilfr. t w 13 ccd-d to Wcftphalia. Munjhrt a conliJerable city, etp'ial of the [irineipaliiy ol the f.'.uie rMiiie, ami of all Wellphalia. It is envr •ne:! wiMi double ditciie.^ and ramp ir.t,, and had a!lo a Iboni; ci! iel, wliicli was demolillud in i/6'm ai Irepl'erd by a magnificent p.ilace. The cathedn!, the lilirary ot the chapter, and many -in- ti.piitics are worthy of notice. In i5?.i;» a tailor, called John of Leyden, kin,; of the anabaptills, made himiclf inait. r of tlic city; but it was retaken iii i,'.^6, after 14 months fipge, .••..irt this fdnatic was torfnrcd to deatii with redhot pin- cei;'. 'Fhe famous treaty, calicd tin; treaty of Weftpi'.alia, was conclnd'xl here in 1648, which ended the religions wars of 7,0 years continuance. In the war of 1756 this city liiftninod f;:veral fitges, and was taken in ij"?'). It is feated on the Aa, 50 m kn k V^ >•{(•], .'iid 52 wNw Paderboru. Lon. 7 49 t, lat. 51 3T N. ;1/«;//7cr, atownof SwilTerland, i 1 the cantonof Lnceuic. 12 m Nf tnv Lik erne, M/'tij/cT, a town of SvvifTerlariJ, in the cniiton of Grifv)!!., i ^, in n Bormio. J/7/////f r, a town of I'r.mcf, nit he depart- ment of IJppif R line, o in w.'w Colniar. MfiKfler /■•///AA ■> to.vii of France, in thi" tirp.irliiuiit of llut-r, lately of Ger- many, in the ducljy of Ju'ier.'i, j6 m Sbw C ohigne. Miwjhr Mc'iKft'ld, a town of Franc?, in the dcpartm-nt of Iva;ne auil Mo- lelle, lately of (iernaany, iii th? elec- torate of Treves, 11 m s»v Cohlentz. Mu>:i}tri>i.rir^ a town of Sd'Tii, capi- tal of a principality of the i.imc nrane, ricii in grain, flax, hnnp, and hops. It is liatcd on the Ohlau, 13 m ;J vv Ni ifle. Lon. 17 3 F, lat. 50 31 N. Mtmtzaiberj^s a town of Gtimany, in Wetteravia, with an ancient callle, i\ m s Gicffin. Miir de Barrez, a town of France, in th • department of Avciron, 3am* by t RiiodcZ. MuraHo, a town of Italy, on an ill md of the fame name, one of the larg^^lt of the Lagunes of Venice. Here ihe fa- mous Venetian looking-glaflcsare made. It is 3 tn N by i Venice. ^ 3* «i I ,i MU8 Murat, a town of France, in the department of C'lntal, feated on the Alaignon, near its lource, iz m nw St- Flour. Mureia, a province, formerly a king- dom, of Spain, bounded on the n by New Caftilc, b by Valencia, w by An- dalufia and Granada, and s by the Me diterranean. It is 62 m long and 58 broad ; and the principal river is Se> ^ura. The foil is dry, and it prsducei little corn or wine ; but there is plenty of oranges, citrons, lemuns, olives, al- monds, miilberriee, rice, pulli;, and fug.ir. It ha8 alfo a great deal of (ilk. The vale of Murcia is celebrated for the variety and richnefs of its culture ; ,ind the mountains are covered with Ihrubs and odoriferous plants. Murcia, a city of Spain, capit.il of a provi nee of the lame name, and a bifliop's i(:e. It has a lofty ctthedral, and the altar is ofmaflive filver. The inhabit- ants are computed at .50,000. Here are manufaiftures of iilk ; and Bne gardens about the city, in which are the bed fruits in Spain. It is feated on the Se- gurar over which is a bridge, 27 m n Carthagena, and ziz&e Madrid. Lon. 1 16 Wjlat. 37 5»N. Murtt, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper Garonne, feated on the Garonne, 10 m s Touloufe. Murfretjboroughy a town of N Caro- lina, chief of Gates county. It (lands on the Mcherrin, 30 m e by n Halifax, and 40 NNw Edenton. Murhardy a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtcmburg, with a Benedic- tine abbey, on the river Mur, 8ms Halle. Murot a town of Naples, in Bafilicata, at the foot uf the Apennines, iz m se Conza. Muros, a town of Spain, in Galicia, at the mouth of the Tambro, 29 m w by s Compoftella. Murray Frith, &c. fee Moray. Murten ; fee Morat. Mufa, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, furrounded by walls, 18 m e Mocha. Mujcat ; lee Ma/cat. Muj'cle Bay, a bay on the s coaft of Africa, fo named from the abundance of mufcles in it, and of their ihelis found in the caves and fhelves of the rocks on its lliore. It affords good anchorage, but lies open to the st winds ; and at the entr;M)ce on the w point, is a high rock called Cape St. BJaife. Lon. az 50 E, lat. 33 40 3. xMu/ca, a town of Liifatia, capital of a lordlhip of the fame name, with a MYS caftle, feated on the NeilTe, 35 m vvw Gorlitz. Mujkinffum, a river of the ftatc of Ohio, which runs s into the Ohio, at Maiietta, where it is 250 yards wide. It is navigable by large barges no m from its mouth, and by fmall boats 45 m further, to the lake at its head, whence, by a Ihort portage, a commu- nication is opened to Lake Erie. See Cayaha^a. Mti/ot a town of Terra Firma, in New Granada, leated on t' <: Madalena, 70 m N'J w St. Fe. MuJMurg, a I'eaport of Scotland, in F.diniiurgnnie, near the mouth of the I'^lk, over which is a bridge to the fub. utb of Fiflierrow. It enjoys many privileges, and has fi'ven incorporated trader. It is 5 m e Edinburg. Mujlagatn, MuJlygaHttim, a feaport of Algiers, in the province of Mafcata, with a caftle, 140 m wsw of the city of Algiers. Lon. o 30 k, lat. 36 z« n. Mu/uela, a town of Spain, in Andalu- lia, lituate on the Guadalquiver, 7 m NE Jaen, and 50 n Granada. Muteodu, a town of Hindooftan, in My fore, noted for its manufacture of the glafs ufed for making the rings that are worn on the wrifts of the native wo- men. It is 34 m w Sera. Mutfchen, a town of Upper Saxony, i.i Milnia, near which are found a kind of cryftals, called Mutfchen diamonds. It is 20 m £ Leipzic Muyden, a fortified town ©f 8 Hol- land, on the Zuider zee, at the influx of the Vecht, 6 m ese Amfterdam. Myconi, an illand of the Archipelago, 30 m in circuit. The foil is dry, and the mountains are of great height. Here are plenty of partridges, quails, wood- cocks, turtledoves, rabbits, and wheat- ears ; alfo excellent grapes and figs. Almoft all the inhabitants are Greeks. Water is very fcarce in fummer ; but io the town is a large well, the only one in the ifland. The harbour is open, and deep enough for the largell Ihipsto ride fecure from the n wind. Lon. 25 ai 1, lat. 37 38 N. Myfod, a town of Wales, in Mont- gomeryfliire, with a market on Friday ; feated on the Fyrnwy, izm nnw Mont- gomery, and 190 NW London. Myjbl, an ifland, the moft eaftern of the Moluccas, of a triangular form, with a bold Ihore. The villages are built in the water upon pods; and there are forefts vifited by the birds of para- difc, which are caught in great num- bers. Lon. 13Q s« lat. z • s. ar Myfortt a of limdooftai and B ridges from 1 1 3« ^0 M part from 7 diminifliing Ih s till it ends i extremely irr the middle pai irteleyind t is in general and barren ; and mountair ficial means f< gardens, &c. eli'phants, Oxen, buffa ruus, and in are bred ; but The chief pi pepper, cocoa butter, and country, witl the N and k, < betore, Mai; fubdued by \ who ufurped 1759, and m pital. He w Sultaun, wh ftate of warfai a wa, in 179 30 lacks of ri ofhisdominit allies, the Mi the Deccan. place, his capi and himfclf k tition of his place ; and 1' the Britilh 01 at My fore, at pital of his c five years o pointed to h Myfore; am Nagara, Chi didroog wcri for which th of ftar pagO( Seringapatai for provifioi and Tippoi rajah of M; three great Nagara to t1 NE, fo cal where the c Patana difti of itfelf a n tory than e Myfore fan Mysore, £ of the cou S^^SRSfifiWSSif Mj,««m*i*a*ft« MY8 Myforet % country in the peninfula of limJooftan, lying between the w and K ridgen of the Oauts. It extends from II 30 to 15 o N lat. and in the M part from 74 55 to 78 35 w Ion. but diminifhing thence ub it approaches the s till it ends in a point. The n Tide is extremely irregular and indented, and the middle part branches out above a de- gree ley* nd that to the e. The country is in geni-ral dry» rugged, mountainous, and barren ; but there are fev«'ral rivers and mountain torrents, which by arti- ficial means ferve to water rice- grounds, gardens, &c. In the forefts are many elephants, and tiger's are common. Oxen, buffaluSr and goats o/o/f. Nadee^jila ; fee Kuriles. Naefits^ a town of SwilTerland, in the canton of Claris. In 1388, a vidory was gaintd near this place, by 350 troops of Claris aflilted by 50 Schweit- zers, over 15,000 Auftrians; and, in memory of this tranfadtion, a chapel was built on the fpot, which was rebuilt in 1799. Nacfeis is 4 m n Claris. Naerden, a ftrong town of 8 Holland, at the head of the canals of the pro- vince, of which it isconlidered the key, III 1573, it w.is taken by Famur, a city of the Netherlands, capital of the county of Namur, or the lain, in Old mur, or the NAN (Ifp.vtment of Sambrc and Mf'ufc, and a bilhop's fee. It has a caftle in the iniildle of the town, on a cra^'try rock, ,ind fcveral forts. 'I'lie inli.il)it iiita ;uc rlUm-itrd at ao.oro Fire-armi, fword*, kiiiveri, and many otlier kinds «)r ciillury are made lion-. I'his city w;v, cciled lo the IlDufe of AiiRria by tlie peace of Utreclit. Ill 171 f, it was allowtil to be ganifoned by Dutc!> tioopi, as one of tlie barrier towni of tlu' Unitt'd Provin- ces: in 1746,11 vv;istal;en by tlie French, but reftorfi in 174?- In 17^') c"^- poror Joft'ph cxpu'llid ilie Dutch !;ar- vifon. In 1792, it wasagiin taki-n by the Fu.nch, who were compeileil to cv.icuate it the foUo'-viii;^ y«'ar, but they reg.iini'd poll*. Ill m of it in i;94. It is fo.ited bttu'i'u-n two mountains, at the c.-)iiflnx of tlie Miufo and Sambic, 24 m wsw Litgf, and 32 sk BrulFcls. Lon. 4 4,'; K, lat. iO 29 N, Neiiin/, a city of Fmnce, capital of thcdcpartmcnt of .Meurte, and a bilhop's ftc. It is divided, by .1 canal, info the old and new town. The firit, though irregularly built, is.rlch and populous, and contains the palace of the ancient dukes of Lorrain ; and their tombs are in a rich laluon, which adjoins the church of the late Cordeliers. The new town, whole iheets are perfedly ftraight, h one of the fimft in Europe. The cathedral is a fnperb (Irudhuc. Nancy is I'cated in a delightful plain rear the river MourtP, 92 ra nw Bafel, and 175 E Paris, l.on. 6 lo e, lat. 48 42 n'. jSandiT, a town of Hindoollan, in the province of Dowlatabad, 132 m nnw Hydrabad. Naridirireoff, a (Irong fortrefs of Hin- dooftan, in Mylbre. Since the reftora- tion of the rajah, in 1799, '^ has been jjanifoned by 13riti(h troops. It is 25 m N by E Bangalore, and 64 esk Sera. Naiijio, ;in iiiand of the Archipelago, » little to the l of that of Santorini. It ij 16 m in circumference, but has no harbour, nor fprings futficicnt to water the fields. The inhabitants are all Greeks, and their trade is in onions, wiix, and honey. Tlie ruins of the tpmple of Apollo are yet to be feen, and conlift chiefly of marble columns. Lon. 26 TO E, hit. 36 11; N. Nangafai'i, a city of Japan, ia the ifland of Ximo, with a harbour, the only one in the empire that foreign Ihips are permitted to enter. The in- habitants ca.-»-T on a great trade with the Chinele and Dutch. The latter are never fuffered to come into the city, un- lefs when their (hips arrive, and then they deliver vp their guu« and ikil8} as NAN plcdpen of thoir good behaviour. The liarbinir contaiuH three «liff -rent roads, all pcrfetJtly fafc. the inner one in front of the citv. which extends along the nii)re, at tlie foot of mouiuaini. Lun. 1,10 15 E, lat. 32 45 N. iVa«i>-i/, a town of France, in the de- pariniciit of Seine and Mame, la m w Piovins, and 14 K Melun. Naii-kaiiir, a city of China, of the luft rawk, in the province of Kiang-fi. It is feated on the lake Po-y.ing, 637 m s Pcki'g. Lon. r i,^ 5(5 t, lat. jy 33 ir. Nankhi-^, or Kianyr'/iliv^, a city of Chi'ia, capitalof the piovince of Kiang- nui. It ii the largoll in China, the walls bi'iiig 17 m in circuit ; but it is of an irregular fi^iure, from the hills with- in its area. It itands 3 rn from the Kian- ku, from which canals are cut, fb large, that vellcls may enter the town. It was formerly the imperial city, whence it wai called Nan-kinp, whicli figiiifies Southern Court ; but fince tli- fix grand tribii*"ds have been moved lu-nee to Peking, it is called Kiang-ning in all the public ads. This place is greatly fallen from its ancient fplendour 1 for it had a magnificent palace, which is quite de- ftroyedi as well as many ancient monu- ments ; and a third part of the city itielf is delblate. The ftreets are narrow, but handfome and well paved. The public buildings are mean, except a few tem- ples, the city gates, and a tower of por- celain, 300 feet high. It is 500 m a by E Peking. Lon. 118 47 k, lat. 32 5 v. Nart'ngan, a city of China, of the firIt rank, in the province of Kiang-fi. It Hands among plantations of fugar- cane, near the lource of the Kan-kiang, and the foot of the mountain Mt-lin, 200 m NE Canton, nnd 900 ssw Peking. Lon. 113 38 E, lat. 24 48 N. Nan-nittg, a city of China, of the firft rank, in tlie province of Quang-fi. It is 1145 m ssw Peking. Lon. 107 45 r, lat. 22 44 N. Nan-tchang, a city of China, c ipital of the province of Kiang-fi. It has no trade but that of porcelain, which is made in the vicinity of Jaa-tcheou. The country is fo much cultivated, that the paftures are barely fufflcient for the flocks. It is Icated on the Kan-kiang, which flows hence into the lake Po- yang, 695 m s Peking. Lon. 115 30 e, lat. 28 36 N. Nantes, a city of France, capital of the department of Lower Loire, and a bifhop's f<'e, with a univerlity. It was formerly the refidence of the dukes of Bretagne, who built a ftrong caftie on the fide .of the Loire ; which ftill extils. , '^ IL** '\v-'A \'»:> NAP The cathedral contains the tombs of the ancient dukco ; bcfidc which there are u collegiate church and 1 1 pnrifli- churches. The bridges over the river, in which an* fome? illands, ar<« almolt a league in length. Large vefTels can come no higher than Port Launai, which is 12 m below Nantes. The fuburbs exceed the city in extent. A great quantity of fait in made in the ter- ritory of Nantes, both at the hay of Boiirgneuf, and in the fuit marfhcB of Guerande and Crolfic. In this city Henry iv promulgated the famous editfl, in 1598, in favour of the proteftants, which was revoked in i^iS?, by Lewis XIV. It is 58 m s by E Rennce, and ai7 sw Paris. Lon. t 33 w, lat. 47 Nantua, a town of France, in the de- NAP who is tributary to Tibet. The natives arc peculiarly luperititious, and conlut principally of the iwo fnperior claHco of Hindoos, and of a Tartar or Chi. ncle race denominated Newars : thelalt are chiefly found in the valley of Napaul; the former are (catterea over the conn- try, and engrofs all fituatiots of tr'ift, whether civil or military. Catmandu is the capital. Naplej, a kingdom compiehetulini* the « partof Italy ; bouudCvi on the nw by the Etcleliaitical State, ke by the gulf of Venice, and every where e|(c by the Mediterraman. It in 300 miles in length, by 100 in breadth, and di- vided into twelve provinces ; namely, Terra di Lavoro (the ancient Campania Felix) Priticipato Citra and Ultra, Molife, Bifilicata, Calabria Citra and partmtnt of Ain, with manufadtures of Ultra, Abru/zo Citra and Ultra, Capi. gauzes, tafft'tas, chintzes, nankeen, and ftuckings ; fltuate on a lake of the fame name. 18 m k Bourg. Nantucket^ an ifland and county of the ftate of MalTachufcts, which lies to the s of Cape Cod. It is 15 m long and II broad, including Sandy Point, which makes a fine road for ftiips. A confi- d-rable whale filhery is carried on here ; and there are leveral fpcrmaceti works, and a duck manufadture. It has only one town, formerly called Sherburne, but now Nantucket, which is 93 m sse Bofton. Lon. 70 30 w, lat. 41 20 N. tanata, Terra di Bari, and Terra d'Otranto; the laft three f.)rming the ancient Apulia, nr> m H 'I* NAT nf fJio!" \\\\f%. The kinp, ft in (altl, count B .1 hiinclrrd perlbr'' with the Mile of prince, ntid fiill a {rre.uer mimhrr i^lth that of • 1 1. ;. ofed heail, and fotr." of his I \ Thofc arc on fomeextraordniary occalions pnhlicly ftiowu wiih great l()!efr.nity, and the blood bi ought near the head, xvh.cn by a fuppofed nniracle it li(|nefies, and thereby is d(^cmed to be a happy pto- fage ; but if the blend retains its dry- infa, the people ttrc ftrnclr with tcrrer. Of all the palncee, thr.t cf the kin;,' is not only the mod luagnificiiit, but in the bed flyle of architC(Jluic ; thofc of the nobility are in penrral too much en- Ciimbered with (nnamentJ, though in mnny theapartn.entsarcnn a grand Icale, and adorned with many fine paintings. Tht liofpitalsand charitable foundations are very numerous ; many of them are well endowed, and all clean, well at- tended, and well regulated. Naples was taken by the French in 1799, and re- taken by the Auflrians and Ruffians, aided by a Bi itidi fleet ; but the French fliortly afterward regained thcpod'eflion. In 1803, the city fuffcred much damage, by an carthciuaUe. It is 1 10 m sf. Rome. Lon. 14 17 E, lat. 40 50 N. Napoli ill Mcilvafa, a feaport of European Turkey, in Morea, and on the ifland of Malvafia. It is called Moncmbafia by the Turks, and is the fee of an archbiftiop. It has a fine harbour, defended by a good citadel ; a long wooden bridge, which joins it to the mainland ; and is famous for ex- cellent wine, called Malmfi^y. It ftands on a rock, at the entrance of the bay of Napoli di Romania, 38 m SE iVJifitra. Lon. 22 58 E, lat. 36 53 N. Kat>oUdi l{o>?iaiiia, a feaport of Eu- ropean Turkey, in Morea, and an archbifliop's fee, i'eated on a peniufula, N A R at the head of a bay of the rami" name. It is inhnbitrd by 'J'urks. (Jr«ck', and fienple of ditlerv-nt nation* ; ard ha^ 4 iri;c harbour, with a narrow cntrancf d<'tc'ided by a foit on an ilotattd rock, and .p battery on the Ihore. The town and port arc alfu cummaniird by tm- n eroua batteries pi iiiteil eu the hdc of a mountain, and its funur.it iscrc wr^d with a flrong citadel. It h.is a cnrfl. drrablc trade in the pioduc'lionit of ili(» country. This [ow n, llill eallcil N^nplia by the Creeks, waataki n by tlieTurki in 1715. It i.i 34 m R by N 'i'ripo- li//;i. Lon. 23 44 K, lat. 37 41 N. Nnp»hje, a town of .Syria, in PalrfUi e, tl'.e ancient Sichem, the capital ofSa- iraiia. It ftands in a beautiful valky, furrounded by rich gardens, and in a country ;;ibounding with all the necrfT.i- rics of 110'. Near it is Jacob'* Well; alio maiiyanciint lepelehn'S, as durable as the .ocks in which they arc hewn, and travcii"r3 may contemplate the fpnt where t!!e remains of Jolrpli, F.'e.izar, and Jofhua were (tvcr.iUy depofittLl. The town is gn-enud by a ftieik, I'lib- jf(5t to the pacha of Damalcns. The inhabiianta are w Oi a town of Ilirdon. flan, in .Mylbre, with two confiderahli; ttmple.-<. It ij well Luilt, and flands in a fertile country, on the Cavery, im- mediately below the influx of the Kapini, 20 m KsK. .My fore. hiarberlhy a town of Wales, in Pem- brokefhire, with a market on Thurfday, fi'nted on a hill, 12 m ne Pembroke, and 242 w by ' London. Nar/^onr/f, a city of France, in the department cf Aude, and lately an archicpilcopal fee. In the time of the Romans, it was the c.iDital of that part of Gaul called Gailia N.irbonenfis ; and here emperor Marcus Aurelius was born. Seme Roman infcriptious ate llill vifi- blc ; and the canal from the river Aude, through the city to the Mediterranean, was cut by the Romans. The cathedral is remarkable for its noble choir, and the town is famous for honi y. It is 5 m from the Mediterranean, and tio tsB Touloufe. Lon. 3 o «, lat. 43 11 n. Sarborcugh, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, on the coafl of Chili, where fir John Narborough refrefhcd his men, when lent to the South Tea, in the reign ot Charlirt 11. N A II ofChAilira ii. Lun. 74 35 w, Ut. S^rtlo, a fown f)f N.iplct, in Terra d ()' r.iiit'i. aa m w by i« Otranto. Sar*nra, a town of D.ilir>.iti.i, and a |iiiln)|)'u \\.\ ; l«?atrd on a rivi-r of Ihc liinc n.iinf, 4a m nn'w UaKtilli. Sdii'it, a town of Sib«ii,t, in tlv po- venimcnt of Tob<»l(k, rurrounil.il by pilifacb'ii ami woiul'fi towers. 'I'hc i-ii- iirou* .ib(ninn, a town of Ilindoo- ftan, in the territory of Cdltack, near tlio coafl of the bay of Utugal, 44 m s Catf.ck. ^arva, a ftrnng town of RiiiTia, in Ingria.or the government of Piiciiburg. The houfcs an; built of brick (luccocJ wliite ; and it has more t!io appearance of a German than of a Knirnn town. In th'! fiihnrbs, called ivanj.',oroil, are the flupendoiis remains of an ancient forlrela, l)nilt by Ivan rjalilowit/ the great, which impend over the fltep banks of the Narova. In 1700, Charles XII of Sweden obtained a vidlory be're over Pettr the great. Five years afteri N AS the crartook the town hj affauU ; and, by \\U own pcrfonal exfrtionn, ftved it from pillage and maddcre. The priii- cipal exports are henp. (In, ti.nber* and corn. It is fitiiatc on ih<" NaroT.i, 8 in from iti miiutli, .^nd 9) wsw i'c» !• rfbiirp. I.on. a? 5a f, Lt. 59 18 m. Siiriu^i, a town of Hindmifi.in, in the pnivii'.ce of Agr.l, fiated ne^r the Sindt, 1 1;, m * .\f:;r.» I, on 7f} 1 7 K, lat. as 4) N. ■\i!/hi, a Haport of IVrn, in the an- di'Mice cf Lima. It bai a Kood h irbonrf aiul QamU in .1 territory f rtili> in wine and rii;,'ir, a:o n\ ■ms. Lima. I-oij. 75 uy w, Ijt 14 45 «. N.ij,/ji/, a viDajre in Nortliampton- flilre, ?J ni ssw Nttrtbanrpton. Here a d cilU'c vielory w.u j;ained by the . army of iIk; parliament over that of Charlei i, in i'')45. Sa hi'UU'^ a town of TfrnicfTec, in Davidlijti comity, c.tpiial of lb«' diArii^t of Mtro. It it Icated on Ciimbviland river, -..heri' it ii aoo yard* broad. 170 m w Knoxville. I.on. Qf- "8 w, lat. }!nJ}UH, n princely conn _' « Ger- many, in VVpfterwild ; !)i> idc.i im the N by the duchy of WeJtpbu.ia, k. by the county of Solni'-s, s by the territory of Menfz, and w by that of '^'reves. It contains mines of iron, copp -r, ami leail ; and the jijil ir '"ertile in fomc places, but the liirface ., for the molt part woody .'uid mountainous. The hour- of Nifl'iu Ih divided into many branches, wliicli lure their dilHmJ^ive titles from the priacipd towns in the fever.nl dillrictH. Xrijtiu, a town of Grrminy, in Wcf- tervvuld, .ind county of Nallau-Deitz, O'l thv- liv'T Ldin Oppolite the town, on the oth r li le of llic rivi r, and on a bi;,'h moiint.iin, formerly flood Nalfiu- bvi;?, a olacc of pri at antiquity, and the orii;inul ft at of the NalVau family. Nal- fu> is .^1 'n w\w Fi.inkfort. Lon. 751 K, lit. J50 16 N^. Najuii,in iflmd in Ihc Imlian ocean, on the w fide of tlic illand of Siim.ifra, about 120 in in circuit. The inhabit- ants are ilifTimilarfrom their nvi»libour^ ; for they apiKoach the amiable fimplicity of manners and perfnna! appearance of tlic Otahtitans, while their colour is like that of the Malays. It abound* with foreif:^, and prcfents an enchaining verdure. Lon. 99 40 k, lat. 150 s. I^ajj'ucky a town of Ilindooilan, in the province of Gu/crat, 95 m S3W Sural. Lon. 73 49 K, lat. 19 50 N. Niijladtt a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper iihine, 38 m w I7 N Frankfortt • 1^1 K , It* K m NAV Sata, h foaport nf Terra Firm*, in tlic i^ovt'tnmrnt of F^nanu, It.itril in a itrlilc Kiuiitry, on the (My <>i° P.iiumii, 6H in sw l*4iunM- Loii. Hi 5 w, Ut- 8 .{6 N. S'ntitl, .1 connfry ^m thr n» co«ft of Africa, (6 oulird ity the PtirUigiicIt', who tlifrovirrcil it on C hiidir.tti H. It originally cxtoniicil liom the Clumtou riviT to I)cli>(;oa biy, ^oo m along the cohA. nml in a Iteautitiil cotin- try. The (buthcrn half being now in* eluded in the colony of the C.ipc, the n.iinc ii Kcticrally icUritfled tu the othrr part lyiri),' in ('aflVcria. It hau a rivr and bay of the lame name. Lon. 31 30 r. , lat. 29 o s. S'litcfifZt a town of the ft.iie of Ooor- cia, with a tlrong fort. It han a trade in cotton, grown in iiA vicinity, and is fcated on the Miirifllppi, 510 m w Sa- vanna. Lon. 91 39 w, Lit. ^1 .,4 n Sntrhitochett a town 01 Lnuitl tainout country, abounding in g.ime anil ill n mine*, (bme valley* proiiiice good corn and rxcel^'ut wine. It it divided into five diltrids, whofe chirt town« are Pamplona, Ei^elU, Tndela, Olitii, and St. Guefca. 1 )wer Navar-e bt-loo^R to Trance, and i^ now the de- partment ot Lower Pyrenees. It i» Ic* par.ited from Spanilb Navarre by the Pyrenees, and is a mountaiiu)uii, bar* rcn country, 10 m loifg and la broad. From this ciuntry the kingi* of France take the title of king of Navarre. See I'tiltih, St Saviirre, Xeav \ Ice Sonora I^oiunnins, a town of France, in the department ufl.ower Pyrcntei, lealvd on the Gave d'Okron, 16 m si'. Haycnnr. Nauen, a town of Mrindenbuig, in the Middlr m.uk, ig m wnw Berlin. Aavii^atorj IjlatuU, a clufler of 10 in nds ill tile Paiiific ocean, dilcovered by Bougainville, .nul explored by He- roii(e in 1787. 7'luy are called by the natives Opoiin, Leone, Fanfoue, Ma- ouii,., Oyi'l.iva, Clm dfe, Pol-i, Siiika, Oll'imo, and Oueni Opoun,tbt nuili t luiherly and (alUtly ol thelc iflimlR, lies in lon. i 69 7 w, lat. 14 7 ■" Sevtn of them are im.dl } but Maou.ie. Oya- lava, and Pola, may be numbered arr.ong the lar;:elt and niofl beautiful ifl iiuls of the t^ Pacific ocean. Tht v combine the advantagi'H of 1 foil fruitful without culture, and a climate that renders cloth- ing unnccelTiiry. The ii'iabitants go almofl naked, and have llteir bodies thickly tattooed ; they are a tlrong and luliy race, fcarci ly a man lef» than fix feet high, and the women are in pro- portion. In diipofition they arc lliiev- lib, ticachcrous, and ferocious- Their villages are lituate on creeks, by the ftafuie, and have no paths between them ; that they pafs from one to an- other in their canoes, and thus arc almolt conftantly on the water. Their catMics, houles, &c. arc well corlbuit- ed ; ind they are much more advanced in internal policy than any of the iflands in ♦ iiis ocean. See Maouna. biaumberg, a town of Germany, in ihclo ifliniln, N A7 Low t*r Hrff ) fltuate uii the ElJeri 1 1 m iviw C^nd. N-iuvi/iur^,A town of ff[>prr Stxony, in 'riiiiiiiigtit.il of a bilhuprici unilrtl to the tloiiic of S4Xony. It hat I fmill liMiltl, aiul thr i',ithi- tirr.iniMii ch.tpila. Here art* ni.uiut°,ic< lufi's of lliickiiig)) .iiiit turnery w,ii-i'S» 411(1 virifyardi tint yield an cxccllfnt ii'il wiiic. Ii iit lf.itc«l oil thr S44I, j7 III K>f» Urfiirttijiiil (iv >v DrclUcii- Loii. •lO *., lat 51 11 M. Saumbur^t "» town of SilcHa, in th«* principality ol SaKaii, on tlu- 1 i vrr Bobcri 14 III M by w Siijjaii. Siiiinil/urj{, a town of Silcrta, in tlie priiiciprility i.t JiiK'r,on thcrivfrQiicilii, ^7 m WNW Jiiur. S/tiifj/iii ; fi'c Stipoli di Itoi'uiiitn. h, r/') temple of UacchiM. It is inhabited iioth by Oretks and Latins, and has a great m iny villa^ert ; but the whole in.uid docs iHU contain aliovc 8 )oo in- hal)itants. 'I'hf women paint, lilacken thfir eyebrows and eyelamcH, and cover then- iaciR with patches, made of a black Ihining talc Umud in the Ifland. Aiixia, the capital of tlie ifle of the fame name, and (,nc of thn mift beauti- ful places in the Archipelago. It has two archiepifcopal ilts, ll.e one Greek and the otln-r Latin. Here is no har- bour, but tiic trade is confidcrable in barl y, wine, oil, figs, cotton, fiii^, llax, clicele, fait, oxin. fticcp, anil mules. It Ibiidr. on the s lide of ihi; illand, and is defended by a cafllc Lon. 25 32 E, bt. ^7H N. Saxhrv, a town of Denmark, capital of the iflv! of Lalaiid, with a harbour commodious for trade. It is eneoin- padVd by a wall, and is 70 ni sw Copen- hagen. Lon. 1131 E.lat. 54 52 N. }sayaiatutitully, a larj^e iquare town of Uindooilannin .Myiore, with a citadel ill tlic centre, both ftroiigly fortified witii nuul walls In tlic town a wide llreet extends all round, and has Ihnrt larirs on I'^ch fide It has a mnnnfac- ture of coarii; cotton cloth, aiui ni th?r vicinity are many palm-gaidens. It is 34 m sw S»'ra. Nazareth, a town of Syria, in Pah'f- tine, fimons for being the rcfidence of Chrtft, In the early put of hU life, and iht-n a city, thr cipitd of Oaldee. It Itinds on th' ►; (Ide of .1 rocky emi- nence, and IS now a fniall place, whcrt the monk* uf Nt. IViincis h.ive * con* vent. It 1:1 iB III IK Acrv, and 60 N by t Jernfalem. Sii^ar.ili, a town of IVnnfylv mil. In Northampton county, and j reftlniiiMit uf the .Moravian*, 10 m n lleihlehtm, iind 6} N by vv I'liil.idelphia. S,izf. or LinJftiifi, the moll fouthcri) prom«)ntory of Norway. Lon. 7 ly •» lit. iH I M. fStiiiih, Loufth, a hUe of Iiehnd, 16 m lonj( and 10 brt Lundcn iirt' fomctim«'8 cillcd by the namo of Nt'irwindcn, S(«e l.anJ'U. Sc/ta, a town of th«' hin^dum of Tu- hIh, a,so m s by w Tnnis. Lon. 9 25 e, lat.30 o N. A'«^yw, a corporate town of Walts, in Carnarvonihire. with a market on Satur- d'ty. Here Edward 1, in 1 184, held bis tnumpb on the cont^ufd of Walts. It is litii.ife on the Infli lea, ind has a iinall pitT, 21 m s by w Carmarthen, and t49 NW London. i\\y;ii/>at(iiu, a city ofirndooftan, in tlic kinndwin of Taiijorc, ('• thf co.)ft ol C'(>r«'m,Tii(!(.I. li wak fiift .1 colony *»f the FortH}.Micfc, but was takt*n by the Diitrb ; and thr htter wfre dif- pcnided of it by the Lnjflilh in 1782. Tlie purt is not fxtr.ionlinary ; but molt of the diffcrtnt nations in Indi.i iirc here fettled, and trade, under the protection of tlie fort- It \* 50 m k 'J'.iiijore, and 166 s by w Madras Lon. 79 56 K, lat. 10 4^) N. Ne^rarn, a town of the idf of Borneo, «apii.d uf the kingUom uf l^anjcrmaf- N K(i An I fltuatc on the ■ AJi- nf ih* |)4rij.'''t dr|;rei.' of induftry, and the little occfion tlure is for clothing .mild 'he heat of their climate, ihey have a general 'abit of feckmg pre(i.nt pleafiire, and no cire for fMe future. I he only necill'iry of life that appears to bt detic" n' is fait, which is lie more wanted ,\n<\>u% them in conlc^uciicc uf their fubiillin; tltWny o^ ^8*,U\^ fu« Thfy atfii rrri^iv," .um«, h4ril«w.irri ^\a(- k), .mil lriiik<*li, irom the >^ , hy ihr I'.uriiprant, jtxli in the interior, by ihc ctmviiit «>f Ciiro, I'rtun, miiiJ Mo- rocco. For theJr llicy givr in rffiirii filtl, ivory, .mil lUvet 1'he kirul of 1,'ovri linn-fit th.a mid « Among the Nc- }'ri> iMti')n4 It hy no mrniii uniiorni. ill many didricH* ihc i-oiintry it goveiO' ^^ hy .1 great multiiiuti- of liutrpcndiiit petty chicfi", who are <'iij(.i>{«il in iVe- qtinit Will with each other. In oiIk r placet thtf talciitt of iiiitividual chief* u\m h.ive bee-n abl^ to rrdurr conlitlvr- jlile trat.*ti of ttrtiiory iind'T th«ir ilo- miiii'in { .in't hnicc fonir i]iiiirilhiii)( towiib li.tve ipiuiig lip. M'uyof th(> town* an* fortilitd witli (tiifict and hiKi) Willi, the Inttrr and lie htiuict lifihg condtuiL'ted of clay and (lone. Duiiit'llic ilatrery prcv.iiU in a very great drgrce among all the Niitro (Utct. When the tropical r.iint f.iil, or .'im' lo JcHcient th.it the fun burnt up ihf face uf the country, it i* not uncommon for p,irentt to fell their children, and even themli'lvi'9, for bread. A freeman rniy alio lule his liberty by b'ing t.iikrn pri- foncr in war, or on ;irc(>i,ni ot i '^e criinci of murder and forccry ; and .ilfo in coii- fuliieiiee of infotvency. Tiie knowlcd^-i ul thr Negro* with legird to religion and all ipccniative I'nbjecM ' i.i extremely limited i but they have Uiuch (iiperlti- tiun.aiidnn implicit beli>everi in witch- craft and iiLigic. S'rxrofiont, the Ltru'cll idand in the Archipel.igf», ancient, jr called Euboc;*. It i« fcpar.ited from the kk coafl of Liv.idia by the (trait of Nejiropont, the ancient Kuriptis, over the naimwcll part of which is a bridge to the niain- hnd. It ii 100 m in length and li! in lirt-adth, though in fume pi iceu much narrower. Jt abounds in corn, win?, oil, .iiid fruit ; but a ridge of monn- tiiiik ( xteiids throi. 'h its whole length, mmy ui them coiitii ully covered with I liiow. Ntfirropont, or l\i{ri/>, , a (Irnng city, |«;*pit.il <>f the iniml ot Ncgropont, and .1 Oretk .irchbilhop's fee. It has a ^iooil Iharlionr, which iscyintnonly titefl.ition lofthc 'I'lirkilh fhipi. The walls of the Icily, in which the Turks and Jews re- |lii)c, are two miles and a Ii.ilf m circum- IWrnce; but the lubnrbs, where the pirillians live, are much larger It was ikfii.in 1469, from the Vciicliaua, who NP. M tt'tfmpUJ in relakr It In i4KH. «klihnul itfvi} It it fi'Sifd on .1 bro^d (hi pmin* liiU. which formt the luriowrlt pirt of the Ar.iit of tin iiame, ^.) in mk Alhrni. l.mi. 14 1 1, Int. $$ .40 N. SfAa\i<-Hj, or SthattnJt a tii*n of IVilia, in li.ik, r.imoiit for a I aIiIi be* Iwccit thp C4lilt' ()ni.tr ari't I yd< hy • !slrm.ii.lli,i. SfufriJjiog, .1 iiwo ol Prtllij. with a raOlc on a niMuntaui, 75 in k Culm. ion. ao 10 a, lat 5 < at ^■ StUntjhi»% a town of Ctermaiiy, in Ljvvii if. Ife, o ni <'.w I jirel. Sffijf', itt SUj(hi-d AH Stit^, one of thi* IV.ind.1 in.uulH, .md the (e.il of ihfir govirninrnt !i li.i« « fpicioni haibonr. but difTicnlr to he entered ; ioid lliips .mrhor uniltr the c.iiinon of two tortt. Lon lay jo »» lat. 4 50 ■ Stij'tihtir ; fee \ijiifi$ur. Nrij/'e, ,\ city ot Sikfi.!, c.iplt.ll of a principality of the lame name. It it a pl.iee of grrat ftrenvith, anil one of the (in''(t town* in Silclia. IKre i'< n m it;- nificent p.ilaee, with levcral olUceH fnf the ()rincipality ; but the icjt of go. yernment ii the caltle of the adjacent lin. ill town of Ottmach.iii. The inha- bitant* carry on a conliderab'c tnde in lineiiii and wine. Thin place wa* taken liy the Pru(rmi» in 1741, who, after tlic peace in 1744, built a citadel, to which thiy gave the name of Pindia. In 175* it wah belieged by the .Aiillrian:;, bui in* f!e^ually. In 1807 it fnrrcudercd to the FreHch. It is fi.ited oi» a river <^i the fame name, 48 m s by k. HrcHaw. l.on. 17 ao r., lat. 50 a4 n. Niitra, a town of Hungary, and a hi(h(ip'i fee. with n caflle and a eollepe ; fitn;ite on a river ul the lame name, 34 m N Gran. Nelij'uranh a town of the pcninful.T of IIindouAan. on the w coad, .^,,) ni me Mangalorc, and 40 nw Telliclierry. Selltnburif, a town of Suabia, capital of a l.uiJgravate of the iMWk: name, with a citadel on a mountain. It ib ;a m n Conflance. Lou 9 5 i., Lit. 47 57 n. Nellore, a town anvl I'ortr.l* of Min- dooltin, in the C.irnatic. nmr the P. n- nar, 85 m N ly w Madras. Lon. 79 57 H, lat 14 26 N. -Vfw<7, H town of European Tuikey, in Morea, ancicnl'.y ccicbr.Jtcd lo,- iit g.inits, and a mn^niticnt temple of Ju- piter, ibme ruins of which ftiil exifl. It is 10 m N Arg'.)8. Kirni'h a town of TmIv, in C.ini[.?igri ili K Mtia, with a c-fte, fcaitd .11 a iK a % HI I, .':l NE R UVe of the fame name, and on a high rock, from the b.-'li; of which giiflies the fountain of Es'ria, one of tiie (biirces of the lake. IL is 7 m sse Romt;. Nemours, .1 town of Trance, in the de- partment of Seine and Marne, with an old caftle ; fcated on the Loing, between two hills, 45 m •■if. Paris. Neil, a river that rifes in the w part of Northamptonfliire, and is made na- vigable at Northampton. It leaves the county at Peterborough, crofl'cathc ille of Ely, forms part of the w boundary of Not folk, and enters the Lincolnftiire Wafh. It alio communicates, by li:ve- lal channels, with the Great Oufc. Neonaghy 4 town of Ireland, in the •ounly of Tipperary, with a ftrong caf- tle, feated on a branch of the Shannon, j« m NNW Calhel, and 40 wrw Mary- borough. Neocaftro, a town and fort ot Euro- pean Turkey, in Romania, on the ftrait of Conftantinople, la m n Conltan- tinoplc. Neott St. a town in lluntingdonlhire, with a market on Thurfday, and a con- fideriible trade in coal ; feated on the Oufe, over which is a ftonc bridge, 20 m ■wiw Cambridge, and 56 nnvv London. Neoundoh, a town of the kingdom of Birniah, with a large manufaifture of japanned ware. It has flouriihcd in proportion as the ancient city of Pigahm has decayed, and Hands on the Irra- waddy, 4 m kne of that city. Nepean IjJand, a I'mall ifland in the S Pacific ocean, oppofitc Port Hunter, on the s coaft of Norfolk illand. Nepi, a town of Italy, in the patri- mony of St. Peter, fcated on the Trig- lia, ao m K Rome. Nerac, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lot and Garonne, divided by the river Baife into great and little Nerac. In the feudal times, this was the refidence of the lords of Albert, whofe ftnpendous caftle is now in ruins. It is 16 m wsw Agen, and 67 sk Bour- deaux. Lor. o 18 E, lat. 44 8 n. Nchudda., a river of Hindooftan, which ilTues from a lake on the s con- finei of the province of Allahabad, flows vv for 700 m, and enters the gulf of Cambay, below Baroach. This river receives few contributary ftreams, and forms the boundary between Hindoo- ftan Proper and the Deccan. Nerejhtlnu a town of Snabia, in the county of Ottinacn, with a Bcnedidinc abbey on a mountain, whole abbot wi>i a prelate of the empire. It is 15 m wNW Donawert. Ntricia, a province of Sweden, in NET the divifion of Sweden Proper ; hound- ed by Slid rnania, Weftmania, Wernfi- land, and W .md E Gothland- A con- fiderable part is covered with forcfts of pine and birch ; and it abounds in forgi 1 and mines. Ort-bro is the capital, and the only conliJcrabh- place. Neronde, a town of France, in the de- partment of Loire, 18 ni knk iVJont- brifon. Nerondes, a town of France, in the de- partment of Cher, 20 m ksk Bourj^cs. Serjhinjky a town and fort of Sibtrii, capital of a province of the iame name, but (bmctimes callrd Daonria, in the goverinnent of Irkutik. T.ho adjacent country is mountainous, but yields ex- cellcnt pafturc for cattle ; and there arc fome cinfiderable lead and filver mines. It is feated at the conflux of theNcrolia with the Shilka, 440 m e Irkutik. Lon, "7 34 E, E, lat. 51 5* AV//(f, a town of France, in the de- partment of Somme, fesied on the Lin- gon, 25 m ESE Amii-ns, and 66 n by i Paris. Nefsi Loch, a lake of Scotland, in hi. vernef'slhire, az m long and from a to 3 broad. The depth is very confidcrablf, and it never freezes in the (evcrefl: win- ter. The high hills on each fide prcfcnt a delightful view of wood, pafture, cul- tivated lands, and rugp;ed precipices, It is navigated by a king's galley, which fupplies the garrifon of Fort Augiiftus at its 9 extremity, with Itores. Its out- let, at the n extremity, is the river Nf-l'd, which runs into Moray fritlj, btlow In- vernefs. it now conllitutes a prominent feature in the line of the Caledoniai' canal. Nejlwd, a town of Denmark, in the ifland of Zealand, on the river Nefs,j!; m sw Copenhagen. Netherlands, or Loiv Countries, a country of Europe, anciently called Gallia Belgica, 260 m long and from 100 to 200 broad; bounded on the w and N by the German ocean, v. by Ger- many, and s by France. In the ninth century, the Ions of emperor Lewis thf pious, having divided the dominions of their father, who poflnflt'd Germany, France, and Italy, a new kiiigtiom was formed, comprehending Germuiy and France, and a part of the Nciherlandj. It was c:dl<;d Lotlnria, but did lunloiig lubfifl ; for it was foon divided into two; and that fe.ited near die MediterrancHii was called the kingdom of Ruiguiidy; while the other to the n, had the nanif of Aullrafia. Neither did this lalt cnii- tinue long; it being divided into 17 pro- vincesi under different names, wclufivc :...*,:;-Tt:**t*« NET of the tprritorics of I.ifg^ and Upper GcldtMl.ind ; but thef ftill depended on the empireof Germany, and were called liowcr Germany. In proctfs of time, till- hoiilc of Burgundy purchafed many of thorn, and wis about to form them, with Burgundy, into a kingdom; but Charles ilie bold, the laft duke of Bur- gundy, being killed by ihc Swifs in 1477, Ills part of tile Netherlands devolved on Mary, his only child ; by whole mar- riig.- with emperor Maximilian, the Ni'therlands were an acquifition to the houli: of Audria. Emperor Charles v, king of Spain, in 15 ';5, abdicated the fovercignty of the Nether! nids, and, iboii after, the Spanilh crown, in favour of his fon I'hilip. The tyranny of this cruel bigot, I'hilip 11, who endeavoured to introduce the inquilition into the Low Countries, with the barbarities exerciicd by the duke of Alva, exaf- perated iht people to fuch a degree, that they threw off the Spanilii yoke ; and, uiidtr 'he conduct of William i, pripce of Orange, formed the famous lea;;ue of Utrecht, in 1579, which prov- ed the toundalion orth*" repidiiic of the Seven Uiuted Prov. '.. After a long war (with tiie intf -il of a truce of tw'iive years) Plilip v exprefsly ac- knowle iged thr independence of thcfe provinces, by the treaty of VVeftphalia, in 164s. The other ten prorinces, namely, Brabant, Antwerp, Malines, Nimur, Limburg, Luxemburg, Hain- ault, Flanders, Ariois, and Cambrelis, returned under the dominion of Spain, but with very favorable ftipulations with rcfpeet to their ancient liberties. On the acceflion of a branch of the houfe of Bourbon to the Spanifli mo- narchy, it was ftipulated, in 17 14, that the Spanifli Nethcrlanos fliould return to the German branch of the houfe of Anftria ; but I'ome confidrrable parts were obt dncd, by conquefi. or c; ffion, by Ihi; French and Dutch. The Dutch had part of lirabiint, Liml urg, and Flanders : the French had Artois and Cambrelis; with part of Hainault, Flan- ders, and Luxemburg: Auflriaheld the reft; and the provinces of Antwerp and Malines were included under the name of Auitrian Brabant. In 1788, em- peror Jofeph II, having projeifted many innovations, and enfo-.eing them with Tiolence, a univeri'al Ipirit of revolt broke out ; an army of 40,000 men, rofe, as if by magic, to fupport the re- nuiiciation of ail allegiance, which fe- Tcral of the provinces openly made ; a eongrefs was formed frorr\ the difTerent ftates, in whom the fupreme jorem- N E i: ment wan vcfttd ; and by the end of 1789 the Atillrians were expelled. The ne'v gorenmient. however, wa"? not of lonj; duration ; for Leopold n (the fiic- cefTor of Jol'eph) was enabled, partly by conciliitnry mcafures.and partly by the medi.ifion of Great Britain, PrufTia, and Holland, to recover the entire pol- feflion of his authority ; the mediating courts having guarantied the relloratiou of the ancient Belgic conftitution. In 179? the French over-ran the Auitrian Netherlands: they were driven out of the country in 1793; but they returned in 1794, and fuSducd every part of it; and in 1795 decreed it, with the terri- tories of Liege and Upper Gelderland, an integral part of the French republic. To this country they gave the name of Be/ghiifi, and divided it into the follow- ing nine departments; Dyle, Forets, Jemappe, liis, Meufe Lower, Nethei (Twoj, Ounhe, Sambre and Meufe, and Scheldt ; which fee. The Nether- lands, or Belgium, is 17c tn long and 90 broid ; bounded on the n by Hol- land, u by Germany, 8\v by France, and NW by the German ocean. The principal rivers are the Scheldt, Meule, Dyle, Sambre, and Lis; and there arc many fine navigable canals. The air ii temperate, and the foil extremely fer- tile; but the mouths of the rivers and harbours are frozen in winter. BrufleU is the chief town. See Holland, or Dutch yttherlands- !^etlies, Tt gond wine, on the river Mi uff, 25 m sw Nancy. Neuchattau, a town of the Netlier- lands, in Luxemburg. 1 6 in sw llidogiie. ^^euchatel, a territory of Swifforlaiid, which, with that of Valitugin, forma one principality bitw«";n tb hke of Keijchiittl and the borders of France ; extending .,6 m from N to s, and 18 in iti. greateit bri-adth. On the death of the diichel's of Nfnionrs, in 1707, tiie fovcrtignty of Nrnchatci and Valiengin was claimed hy I'redcric r of Pruflia ; and his right was aci;nuw!edged by the ftites of the country. In i8c6, the king of Prufiia ceded fliis principality to the French m.i'llial Berthicr, and the gr.uit was coiifiimcd by N.poleon. The inhabitants are pnitcltants, except in the two diflrids of Landeron and Crefficr, where the catholics are pre- dominant. Il is a hilly country, wa- tered by feveial I ikes and rivers. The foil is p -t e(;u;dly fertile ; but there are larjre vlncy.iuU iliat p oduee white and red wi.'f, which l.ilt is excellent. The paftiire in the mountains feetis a ereat number of cattle, and there are plenty ot deer in the furefts. l^eachatil, a lake of SwifTerland, ao m long and 4 broad, extiiidinj.' from the town of Yverdun to that of N'euchatel, in a direiftion from sw to ne, at which extremity it has a communication with the lake of Biel by a nirrow outlet. j^etichattl, a town of SwifTerland, ca- pital of a principality of the fame name. It is fituate parily on the plain between the lake of Ncuchatel and the Jura, and partly on tl^e fidi- «'f tliat moun- tain. The chief article of exiiortation is wine, produced from the neighbour- ing vineyards, and much cfticmed; at d it has manufaflnres of printed linens and cottons. Many public works have been lately executed, among which are the new towniioule, and a fuperb caufe- way, leading toward the valley of St. Imier. Neuchatel is 25 m np. Lau- fannc, and 25 w Bern. Lon. 7 o t, lat. 47 5 N. jyeuchatelt a town of France, in the dep.iitnHnt of Lower Seine, noted for N E IT excellent chiefe, and feated on the Aiqnes, ao m se Dieppe ^cunjlein, a town and caftle of Fran, conia, ni the pri"cip.ili»y of Ilohtnloe, 8 m w.sw Hiile, in Suabia. Nevern, .1 village of Wales, in Pem- brokeihirr, near a river of the fame name, am nk Newport. In the church- yard Hands a fquare (tone, 13 feet high and 2 broad; the top is circular, charged with a ciofs, and all the fulei are carved wi;h knot-work of various patterns. Nevers, a town of Fiance, capital of the department of Nievre, and lately a bifhop'tj fee. It is built on the fide of a hill, and contains feverul fine building? • particularly the ancient ducal p.dace, in which J'/hn Caiimir, king (f Poland, expired in 1672. The chitf manufac- tures are china, glafs, auil works of ena- mel. It is lealcd on the Loire, ; t the influx of the Nievre, over wiiich is a handfome bridge, 15 m nn\v Moulins, and 145 s by E Paris. Lon. 3 9 e, lat. i^eujj'i-rt, a town of Suabia, in the du- chy of Wirtemburg, with a fortrcfs, called IIoheneulTen, 17 m SE Stuigard. Neiigarttn^ a town of Further Pome- rr.nia, with a rtrong caftle, 15 m n Nevr Star^';ard. NeulmuSf a town of Rnhcmia, in the circle of Hechin, with a caftle, 27 m s by s Bechin. Neuhaust a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Bremen near the mouth of the Ofle. It was once a place of great trade, but a fand bank ariiing in the harbour, at the entrance of the Ofle into the Elbe, it is now much lefs frequented. It is 19 m NW Stade. Ne-ivhauj'elt a town of Upper Hun- gary, (catcd in a marfhy plain, on the river Neitra, 43 m ese Prf fbiirg. Nevis, one of the Caribe iflands, in the W Indies, divided from the e end of St. Chritlopher by a narrow channel. It has but one mount nn, which is in the middle, vtry high, and covered with 1 irge trees up to the top. Here is a hot bnth, much of the fame nature of thofe of B.ith, in England, it is a fmall ifland, but very f'liitful, and fubjed to theEll^;iifh. CharI<-floii is the capital, on the sw fide, di-tVndrd by a fort. Lon. 62 40 \v, l.u. 17 8 N. ^euCirchtn, a town of Germany, in the princip.ility of H( fFe Caflcl, on the river Fuldi, 3a m .sse ('afTel. NeKmagen, a town of France, in the department of Sarre, lately of Germany, in the ele*^ orate of Treves ; feated on tkc Mofelle, 17 m KsTrtvcs. c>l on the Ilohenloe, N E U N E V Nfumark, a town of the palatinate of " ^'ic principality of Cobuij, 8 m ni f IS f8, in Pem- •he fame the chiirch- ,3 f<"»*t high circular, all the lidci of various , capital of ind lately a In fide of a biiilding?; ical p.ilace, f Poland, m an ti fac- ts of ena- ■oirp, ; t the which is a \v I' loulins, 3 9 E, lat. , in the du. a fortrefs, '■ Still g.ird. ther PoTie. 5 m N New !mia, in the tie, 2; m B /er Saxony, r the mouth a place of c ariling in nee of the r much Icfs Stade. pper Hun- ain, on the iirg. in.inds, ill the E ond w channel, ch is in the ?ered with :'re is a hot: re of thofe 3 a imall ruhjefl to capital, on )it. Lon, rinany, in el> on the ce, in the Germany, feated on P.ivaria, aa m sw Ambcrg. Neumari, a town of Bavaria, 3» m Hw Ratifbon. — Another, on the river Rof«, 17 m SE Land(hiit. Neumark, a town of Germany, in Cartiiola, a8 m Nw Laubach. Nfumarkt, a town of Silefia, in the principality of Hrellau, n^ir which, at the village of Leuthcn, the IVufliaiis gained a decifive vidlory over the Auf- triansin 1757. It is 20 m w by n Ureflau. Setirode, a town of Silclia, in the county of Ghtz, on the river VVotita, 8 n\ NNW Glatz. Neust a river of N Carolina, which enters Pamlico found, below Newbcrn, whtre it is a mile and a half broad. ^tufaltz, a town of Silefia, in the principality of Glogau, on the river Oder, 17 m nw Glogau. NeufatZy a ftrong town and fortrefs of Hungary, formerly c;«llcd Peterwar- dein Schanz. It is the fee of a Greek bifhop, and ftands on ihe Danube, op- pofite Peterwardein in Sclavonia. Neu/idUi '<*■ town of Hungary, at the N end of a like of the fame name, which is 20 m long and 6 broad. It is 16 m ssw Piefburg. Neujhlt a town of Upper Hungary, andabifliop's fee, with a large caftle, in which is a church, covered with cop- per. In the adjacent mountains are the greateft copper mines in Hungary. It is feated on the Gran, 22 m n by e Schemnitz. Neujladt, a town of Auftria, with a caftle, and an arfenal. It has the ftaple Coburg. ^eujladt, a town cf Brandenburg, iu the Middle mark, with txfentivc brew- eries, and manufaftures nf cloth and cutlery; feated on the Finow canal, 3r m lit. Berlin. Neujladt, a town of Brandenburg, in the mark of Pregnitz, celebrated for a manufatiture of platc-glala ; feated on the DoUe, it m e»e Havelberg. Neiijiadtt a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Holftein, with a ca(lle,aiid a fpacious harbour on the Biltic, 20 ra li by E Lubec. Lon. 10 57 e, lat. 54 10 n. Neujladt, a town of LoWer Saxony, in the duchy of Mecklenburg, with a caftle, 17 ms Schwerin. Neujfadt, A town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Brunlwick Luneburg, with a caltle, foaled on the Leina, 15 m NNW Hanover. Neujladt, a town of Bavaria, at the conflux of the Abend with the Danube, 16 rn E by N Ingolftadt. J^'eiijiadt, a town of the palatinate of Bavaria, with a caftle, on the river Nab, 27 m NNh Ambcrg. Neujladt, a town of Moravia, in the circle of Olmutz, 10 m nw Oimuiz. Neujladt, a town of Silefia, in the principality of Oppeln, 14 m se NeifTe. Neujladt, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Pilfen, 35 m w by s Pilfen. Neujladt, a town of liohemia, on the frontiers of the county of Glutz, 13 m. NE Konigingratz. Neujladt, A town of Weftphalia, in the county of Mark, at the foot of a moun- right overall goods coming from Italy, *»'"» 50 m ese DuflTeldorf. and ftands on the frontiers of Hungary, 48 m s by w Vienna Lon. 16 18 e, lat. 47 50 N. Neujladt, a town of Frar«nnia, capi- tal of the lower part of ^ae principality of Bayreuth, with a caftle. Thf- library belonging to the church contains many principality of Glogau, 14 m w Glogau, curiofities. It ftands on the river Aifcii, and 17 e hy v Sagan. Neujladt, a town of France, in the department of Mont Tonnerre, lately of Germany, in the palritinate of the Rhine; leated on the Spircbach, 14 ra w Spire. ^enjladtel, a town of Si'efia, in the 32 m esE Wurtzburg. Lon. 1043 f, lat. 49 38 N. Neujladt, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Wurtzburg, (eated on the Saal, 16 m v by e Schweinfuit. Neujladt, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of V/irteinburg, icated on the Kucher, 12 m nnk Hailbron. Neujladt, a town of Upper Saxony, in Milnia, capital of a circle of the fame name. It has a caftle, two churches, and a mine office; and on a mountain ■ear it is another caftle, called Arnfhaug. It IS feated on the Oria, 46 m ssw Leip- aic. Lon. u 49 b, lat. 50 45 n. Niujladt, a town of Upper Saxony, 249 wkw Loudon Neui'ille, a town of France, in the department of Loiret, 1 1 m n ne Orleans. NewvUle, a town of SwifTerland, in the late bifhopric of Bafel, 9 m ne Keuchatel. Neuwied, a town of Weftphalia, ca- pital of the lower county of VVitd, with a fine caftle; feated on the Rhine, 7 m NW Cobletz. Nciu/n, or Neivin, a town of Wale?, in Caniarvonihire, with a market on Saturday. Here Edward 1, in 1284, held his triumph on the conqueft of Wales. It io leaied on St. George channel, 21 m s by w Carnarvon, and- ■^ 1 iff4 \- f t. m - % NEW Nf.'j) Forejlt n fond in Hampftiirc, lying hctw-en Southampton watt'i- ami the river Avon It is jo in loii)? and 15 broad; P" I ha^ aiivantiiK«'"'f 'itua'ion, with rf.p» *> to convcyAnct; hy wHi) every other (orclt ; having in its neighbourhood frvcral pi icis for {hipping timhtT. It wns afforelti-d by William r, and was then ro m longer. His fon William Riifus vva^ killed in this forel by an an iw, llu't by Walter Tyr- rel, vhich accidentally glanced againll a trce> and thi. fite is now pointed out by a trimgular ftonc. The lord wardi-n ot this forcft id appointed h) letters pa- tent, during the kiiig'a plcafurc, niid all the courts of jurilUidion arc held at Lyndhurit. AVfiv Iliver, .nn artificial liver of Eng- l;ind, originally brougt t fiom Amwell, in H. rifordlhiie, to lllingtoii, for the fupply of the metropolis with water N K W put himfelf Into thf I- .!.ds uiihe ScoMi army, who afiiMAvaid gave him up to his W'oilt cncmir- Nv" t k h « ■ good trade. The niimbtr of 'nna'M' uits v 1 6730111 iH.M, iMn\ jnh Ml iin. ii i.i 17 m N'. Nitltingham. and 10 n Ly ./ London. Lon o 45 \i , l.t. s j 6 n. Newbcrn, a m> and 250 NW London. JS('ewboro!ig/i, or Corel/, u l>orough of Ireland, in the county of\\'>x*ord, 15 m N by K Wextorc', and 47 b Dublin. jSfnvhurg, a village 01" Si olland, 14 m NNE -Abirdeen, at ttii' mouth of the Yihin. The expnrtytion of grain and in«al hi-nce is confiderable. and great quantities of lime, coal, and wood are imported. iSeiwburg, a town of Scotland, in rifffliire, with a good harbour on the $ "ide of the Tay Here the large vj (Tela bt'iongiiig to Perth unload their gooJi into lighters ; and a palTage-boat goes hence eveiy tide to KiroUon the oppo- fite (hole- The piiiuipal manufaiJturc is linm. It is 10 m esb Perth, and i8 vr St. Andrew. At'iijliurg, a town of New York, in UHtcr county, on the w fioe ot Hudlon river. Ships of confiderable buidin may unload at the wharfs, and many vtllels aie built here. It is 32 m s Kingfton, and 54 n New Yori;. IS'eavburi/, a town in Bcrkfhire, go- verned by a mayor, with a market (^n Thurfday. It has ni inufaiturcs of di ug- gets, flialoous, and broad cloth? ; and a confidtrablo traflic in malt by il.ft Kennet ad Avon canal. Two bittles were fought near this town with iHi- bious fnccef'^, betwern the forces of Charles! and the parliament, in 1643 and 1644. It is l(?ated on the Keuuet, ibm'i Oxford^ and j6 vr London. oa a hill hus. ^^ ^^ .tthcSi..)',!, fiitii up to k h t • g«i(i(l H'tli Ultii V '8 JO N Ly ./ :. Si 6 N. ilt-iCt i)f N thf countii'i I, Bi-aiifoit, ow, Lenoir, Carolina, in he dillrid of town Ml the ible tiat.e in nibcr, corn, )oii)t of Unci, he Ntus and Lon. 77 30 vn in Noiii\- n( a bny to ". Morpeth. )t Waltrs, in major, *^ith liiti- near the iris, and 150 ;> \>oroiigh of \V< x»<)rd, 15 7 !> Dublin. otlan. " "'_'iit, oppoiitt* Haverhill 111 *.i w llamp(hirc, and 50 m N Wind- i'or. Lon. 71 1 w, lat- 44 5 n. Neiubury Port, a fcapurt of Maf- l;ichiil. Is, in KdVx county, wit'i fix church' K and a conrt-honle. Large quantities of rum are dillilli-d h.ere, and th • inhabitants have aconlidi'rai)lc trade with the VV Indies and the fouthein (tate>;. The barbnnr iii f.dV ami com- modious, but f Ireland, in the county of Limerick. :6 m sw Limerick. SewcajUe, or Ntivcajile in I'.mlyn, a town of Wales, in Carm tnhenib-re, with a maikt'i on Friday. I', had a fine caitif, now in ruins ; and iu featcd on llie I'yvy, 17 m nnw Carmarthen, and 230 wNw London. ^eivcajile, or Ne-wcojile under Lyne, a borciigh in Staffordthiie, governed by a mayor, with a market on iVl on- day, and manufacftnris of hais U had four churches, now leduced to one; and the callle, whence it had its name, is quite demoliihed. The number of inh.ibitanis was 4604 in ii)oi,and 6175 in j8ii. In the vieinity are potteries and glafs works. It Jtand.'« on a branch of ihe Ticnt, 15 m n by w Stafford, and 149 NNw London. x^twcajile, < r Neivcajile upon Tyne, a borough and iVriport in Northumlier- land, fi'uate on the n lide of the Tync, over which is a bridge to Gatelhcad on the Durham lide. It is governed by a mayor, and has a market on Tuelday and Saturday. The numlM;r of inha- bitants was 48,366 in 1801, and 27,587 in 1811. The riv^r admits ihips under 4CO tons burdt-n to come up to the town, and larger ones are Itationed be- low, at Stiield.-i. The town is defended by a llrong wall, above z m in cir- cuit, in which are I'evcn gates, and as many turrets, with feveral cifements bomb-proof ; but the caftle is old and ruinous. Tlie wall on the s lide runs parallel with the river, leaving a fpa- cious piece of ground btawcen tliem both vvhirli <\>; is a long and noble quay. iki. are four parifti churches, and tha. . f St Nicholas, which ftands on a hill lias .-. lofty ftecple of curious NRW archili'«nure. Among the othfr public buildings ii> a maidion honfe for the mayor, an exchatige, snd a larg< huf- P'tal for the mainteiianec of p )or Vtel- men : a'.fi) f-'veral c'laritahle found*- tini) fituaie in the centre of the gi-rat collieries, which have for centurii b fup- plied London and moll: of the foutln-rri parts of the kingdom with coal. This trade has bfen the fourcc of great opu- lence to Ncwcaftle ; it alio poffeflct manulaiilures of fteel, iron, glafi-, foap, fine and co.irfe earthen ware, and cop- peras ; and it eiports large quantities o\ lead, Hdt, falmoii, butter, tallow, and grindflone*. Ships are ieiit hence to tte Greenland lifbery. The ftrects in the old part of the town are narrow, and the buildings crowded together; but fome of the newer parts arc haiid- l<)me and commodious. It is 14 m n Dm ham, and 270 n by w London. Lon. I 14 w, lat. 54 57 N. i^eiucuji/f, a town of Delaware, ca- pital of a county of the fame name, with two churches. It was fettled by the Swedes lu 162;', and called Stock- holm ; afterward t-dcen by the Dutch, and called New Amllerdam ; and falling into the hands of the Englifli, it was called Newcaftle. It is the oldefl town on the river Delaware, and 35 m sw Philadelphia. Lon. 75 38 w, lat. 39 40 N. NecwcMjIUj a town of Virginia, in Hanover county, feated on the Pamun- ky, a branch of York river, 24 m ne Ricli iiond. Nenven .er^i a Town of Germany, in Tyrol, 3 m nw Feldkirch. Nenvevham, Cipe, a lofty promon- tory, on the w coaft of N America, fcn-ming the n point of Brillol bay. Lon. i6a 24 w, lat. 58 42 n. Ne-iver?t^ a town in Gloiiccfterfhire, with a market on Friday, I ated on a branch ot the Severn, H m Nw Glouccf- ter, and 112 wn w Loudon. Sfivfane, a town of Vermont, chief of Windham county. It is fiiuate on Weft river, 38 m tNE Bennington, and 96 wsw Hotton. Neiufou'icl'iind, an idand on the f. coaft of N America, Uetween 47 and 52 N lat. dil'covcred by Sebaftian Cabot in 1496. After many difpuits with the French, it was ceded to the Englilh in 1713. The form is triangular; the N point is feparated from Labrador by the ftrait of Belleifle, and fron this apex it is 350 m to the bafe, wh.ch is 300 in length. It has feveral bays and har- bours ; and is a mountainous, woody « . V' m ■ •^' lii .„ii.™,S Iff, ,: M,/! N r: w •mintry, and very cold, I't'inp; covired willi liidW fivir innntlis .n tiic year. It leiriiiH to hnvt iio inhabitams ( I us own, hut ill the fiimmcr tiim* 's viliti^dby tlu; £l«|iiniMix Iddiiins. About 500 Eti> ulilh Ciimilics continue here all th'- yt-ir, bclidc tlif ganifon of St. John, Plartn- tia, and other fort». In th«* filhinf; I'oa- fon for cod, which bigins in M ly and etidfl in S»'pteitiber, it id relbrtrd 10 by at lead 10. coo people, on jcconnt of the prut liflii!t|:-b.ink t;> the sk of the ifland ; for htrc tliey cuie and paek tlie fi(h, which are li-nt not only to I'^ngland, but to the Mediterranean and the W Indies, in immcnfe quantities. This pre tt b.ink is a lit-ap ot faid 5K0 m long and i 10 broad, with a depth of water varyini; froni 13 to ^o fathoms, and aboundii/g with fniall filh I'erving as food fur the cod, the nun^bcrs of which r.re incredible. In winter the chief employment of the inhabitiints is to cut wood ; and the Cmallefl kind, ufcd for fui-l, is drawn by their larj^c dog3, traiiud up and harneffi-d for that purpofe. There is great plenty of g.ime, filh, and few I, but very little corn, fiuit, or cattle. St. John is the principal iet- tlemetit. Neivhaven, a town in Suflex, near the mouth of the Oufe, with a imall har- bour, defended by a battery. It is 7 m • by E Lewes and 57 London. S'eivhaven, a feaport of Connedticut. capit "1 of a county of its name, and thi femi-capi' !! of the Itate. Near the centre is the public fquare, in which are the ftate-houfe, tw»» college edifices, and a chapel, three churches forcca- grcgationalills, atid one for epilcopa- lians. Ht re are manufadures of card- teeth, linen, bM>ons, cotton, and paper. The harb(»ur has good anchorage, and isdcfendi d by a fort. It has a trade with New York and the W India idands; and (lands at the head of a bay, 4 m N Long Ifland found, and 13a ne New York. Lop. 72 53 w, lat. .}i 16 N. NeKvtnarkfU a town in SuiToik, with a mar!v t on T^>urrday. It is the moft ce- lebrated pi; ct ill England for horfe- raceb ; ani] here Charles J i built a houfe for the fake o. ihis Jiverfion. It is 13 m w Bury, and 61 .■ by e London. Newmarket, a town nf Ireland, in the county of Cork, on the river Dalua, 31 m Nw Cork. Newmarket, a town of Virginia, iii Amhcrft county, on the n fide of James fiver, at the influx of the Tye, 100 m w Richmond. Netwmilh, » town of Scotl.nd, in NEW Ayrililie. with the remains of ,in ancient cidlc. ft has fome manurac'luret, and is filnafe near the river Irvine, 10 m » by 8 Kilmarnock. Niwnham, a town in Glouct fterlhirf, with a niaikci on Frid.ny. feated «)n the Severn, 12 m wsw Glouceftcr, and uo WNw London. Newport, A borough of Ilampdiiip, and the rhi«'f town in the ille of Wight, Koveriud by a mayor, with a market on vV'«'<>rt Uridine ^ a town uf the ftate of (i.oiKiii, in Lihtrty coiintyi on a navij,'ahlo crt-tk, 8 m above Sunluiry, and ,^4 ssw Savanna. Sfwport Pni^nel, a town in Buck- ;nj;h tmlhirf, with a market on Sarurd.ty, ami a nn'iij*a(iliiri' ot bonelace; flat' d onthcOuff. 14 in knk liuckingham, aiul so NNvv London. i\'eii'/>ort I'nitt, A tiwn of Irel.nv', in the county of Mayo, n<'U the m.v.h of 3 river, which cntcrb Clow i.jy, 8 m sv CilHi'har. Sfvjn/, a river of Ireland, whicli !'e- pvatcs ihe cnnntirs of AriMa;''i and Down, an.J cnttm CnrlinKturd b.iy, i m bulow thf town nt Ni "vry. Xfivry, a hor.Migli .A Ireland, in the county of Down, fitu >tf on tl:i' fide of a Iteep hill, and a ilvt r of H'f lame nasne. which flowsii. to Cailingli.rd hay. Vellels of zoo tons can come up to the town ; and by me:)' s of the Ntwry canal, to the river Bann. it has a communication with LoMgh Nc-agh. Here is a conli- derable linen M.mufai^lure, and a trade in (hipping- Ntwry was burned by the duke of Berwick in 1^)89; but is now become the largeft town in the county. U (i:nd8a member to parliament, and is 60 m N Dublin. Lon. 6 20 w, lut. 54 15 w» Sewtoriy a borough m Lancaflure, whofe market i» now dif-fcd. The oankey canal from .St. Helens to the Merley palT.'s near this place. It is 5 m N W.'rrington, and 193 nw London. Newton, a boroui;h in Hamplhire, in the ide of Wight, j;overned by a mayor. The market is now difuled. It ftands on a bay of its name, which at high water will admit velTeis of 500 tons, but is little frequented. It is ^ m w N>nvport. Newton liujhel, a town in Devon- fliire, with a market on NVedut klay, and a manufacture of woollen cloths ; fcated on the Teign, 15 m s by w lixe- tcr, and 188 wsw London. Newton Douf[iafs, a town of Scot- land, in Wigtonfliirr, fitnite on the Cree, over which is a fine bridge into Kirkcudbrii:ht{hire. The river is na- vigable for fmall veffi-U to within z m of the town. Here are manufa>.'Hires of cotton and carpets, and feveral tan- works. It is 7 m N by E VVigton, and ii KNE Port Patrick. N G A S'fwtowit a town of Scotl.md. In Ayrlhire, with a trade in coil snd (hip* bnihling It poirefTes frvcr.*! Commu- nities, and ftandn on the N binli of the Ayr, over which it a briilgc to the town of Ayr. Nfwtown, a town of VValcR, in Mont- gom'rylhirc, with a market onSitur- day, andptruk* in Ihnnel; I'eited on the S 'vcin, 7 m ^v\ Montgomery, and 177 wNW London. N^'wtow't, a town of PennfyUani.i, capital of Bucks courity, with a church, a conrt-ho'ife, and an academy. It itandi 5 m from the Dthware, and 10 NVK Pliiladelphii. Lon. 75 1 \v, lat. •lo 14 N. Newtown, a town of New Jrrfey, chief o*^ Siilfex county. If is feated near the Delaware, 60 m N Trenton. Lon.' 75 i w, lat. 41 ^ M. Ncwiown, a town of New York, in Tiog I county, when- the judicial courts arc held in February. It is lituate near Tioga river, 50 m w by n Union, and 70 SK Williamfburg. Newtown, a town of Ccnncvfticut, i» Fairfield county, 9 m E by n Daiibviry, and 26 NW Ni'whivtn. Newtown Arties, a borough o" Ire- land, in the county of Down, with a confiderable linen manufaflure ; fituate on the northern point of Strangford lough, 8 m E Bclfaft. Newtown Limavady, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Londonderry, with a linen manuf'adlure ; lituate on the river Roe, near the v. fide of Luugh Foyie, 17 m enf: Londonderry. Newtown Stewart, a town of Ire- land, in Tyrone, on the river Moyle, 30 m WNW Dungaiinon. Neyland, a town in Suffolk, with a market on Friday, atid a manv.l'uflurc of fays and bays ; feated on rhe Stour, 16 m sw Ipiwich, and 57 nk London. Neyrnc, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aveiron, 18 m ^f Rodez. Neyvay a river and bay of St. Domin- go: the river rifes in the mountains near the centre of the illaiid. (Icjws w to St. Juan, and then s, throu^^, i a beau- tiful valley, into the head of the bay. Neyvn, a town of New Granada, near the Madalcna, 130 m sw St. Fedc liogota. Nezin, a town of Rnlfia, in the go- vernment of Tchernigof, confiderable for its fur trade, jS m sK Tchernigof. Ngan clian, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Koei- tchcou. Its territory is very mountain- ous, and contains feveral garnfoned forts, to keep in awe the inhabitants, m- t i ^ N re who are indept'iulcnt, auJ live n the mouiituiiH. it in iflco m mw Kking. Li)ii. 105 .ia K, l<(t. a6 la v. Nj;aH'Jki>ijf, .1 city of Chint, c ipital of Ih** w p^rt i)f the proviiicf of Kiang- naii. It Ih interfpvrkd wiih idandit, and aboiiiidn in hliv h \ hut ii infcftfd by crocodiKs. Tlie sw extre- mity in only a lew leagues ftoni the I'.ieific ocean, and the sk end commu- nicate;! with the Atlantic ocean by the river St. Juan. Sicnrni(ua^ a city of New Spain, in the province of the fame n.une. It Itaiidi at lome iliilance &\v of ihe lake, and near the mouih of a river, in the Pacific ocean, 1:0 m sk Leon de Nica- ragua. Lon. 86 10 w, lat. 11 15 n. Stcaria, an ifland of the .Archipelago, between Samos and Tina, anciintly called icaria. It is 50 m in circum- ference, and full of rocks. Lon. 26 30 n, lat. ;7 40 N. Sicii/ho, a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Ultr.i, with an ancient caftle, 1; m ssK Cofen/.a. Nice, a late county of Italy. 60 m long .Old .^o broad 1 bounded on the m by Piedmont, k by the territoiies of (•en »a, s by the Mediterranean, and vr by the river Var and the Maritime .Alps, which divide it from France Ii was anciently an appendage of Provence, in France; and afterward, for many years, belonged to the king ot Sardmta. In 179a it was conquered by the French, and has been fiiice decreed by them an integral part of France, and made the department of Maritime Alps. Nice, a city and feaport of France, capital of the di partnient of Maritimr Alps, and a bilhop's fee. It lately be- longed to Italy, and was the capital uf a county of the fame name. It is of « triangular form, and confined in its fitii- ation, having a high rock on the t, the river Paglion on the w, and the .Medi- terranean on the 8; from which l;.ft it is I'eparated by a beaulitul and txten- five terrace, tiled as a public walk. It has a ftroiig citadel, built on the rock, and on the w it is fortified with a wall and a ditch. The harbour is on the s fide of the rock, and called Limpia, from a I'lnall river that enters into it. The exports are filk, fweet oil, wine, cordials, rice, oranges, lemons, and all forts of dried fruits. It has been iVveral times taken by the French, and lalt of all in 179a. It was retaken by tht Aoftrians in 1800, but they evacuated I! I NIC A in a wp(k nfdrw.ird. It ii 4 m 1 of the moulli of the Wav, mu\ H\ ?< by w Tiiiili. I.nii. 7 16 It, lit 4.) 4i N. i\ictt acity of Natuli^ Sev ll'nie. Siclinburx, a town of P«Tit;i, t.iiiioiii for a mint* uf tiir(|uoii flouc^ in iti in'iK'il>t>iif'it>t>il' II »« ^7 m H Mtfchcil. Skholitt, St one ol tin- larj,'* (I and moll pIcMliint of thi! C.ipi' V«iil idindH, bctwcfn St. Lucia and St Javjo It in 75 m lon^, and the iilidcncc of tin- billiop of the illcK, L'Xi. 14 19 w, l.tt- 16 .)i N. Nic/iohit, Sf. a town of France, in thi* d'partmrnt of Mfurtc, with a hand- foinc church, to whicli pilgriin» for- merly ri'(brttil. It in fi*atcd on tlic Metiric, 7 m sr Nmcy. Sicholajt St. or M'lle, a town, har- bniir, and cap •, at the nw txirnnity of St. Domingo. The cape, coinnwjnly •.illcd thtr MoIt% is (lront;ly lortittcdhy natnre and urt, and connnandii thi^ftrait c.illctl tlu' V\'indwHid Rifiaj-v; and 4 in to the s«K of it in capf St. Nichol.is. Tlwr town linuli at the licail of ihtr haihour, which extend) 4 ni bitvvci'ii the two capes; .md (hips of any bni- dcn may ride at anchor in the Ij.ilin, even dnrim; a hurricane. It was t ilun l)y the lMi>;Iiil», aided l)y the Frt'neh roy:difls, in 177.1; and wa3 cvacnaled in 1798. Lon. 73 zb w, lat. 19 50 n. S»."«" Domingo, St- the ifl and- Nicholas Ijhind, u fmall iiland on tlic N coud of Cub.'. Lon. 71; 40 w, lat. 3350 N. f^icohar Ijlands, fevcral idands on the B fide of the bay of Henj?al. Tljey are almoft eniireiy uucultiTatt-d ; but the cocoa-nut, the mellori or lenim Ca kind of bread fruit) and other iropie.U fruits, grow fpi^ntaneoufly ; there are ail > yams and I'weet potatoes, and the edible bird ntlts (0 much efleemod in China. Dogs and hoj^s are the principal ani- mals. The inliabitanti are few, and tlieir indolence (-xtrcme. They are tall, and well proportioned, vvitii buckeyes, black lank hair, auil dark copper-co- loui(*d (kins. TiK-y h^ve no towns, but live in little huts, and j;o quite naked except a cloih about the wailt with a I'mall Ibin^' hanginj; down be- hind. Thefg. The public Uuildingtf and a number of private NIC hoiifc* are ronftruAcd of a vrhite caU carrou^ lloni-, hut the rc(\ of the hoiilcl arc of wood. Thiii place, bring of ralier acci'h by w iter for vclVeU thiin CIn rfoii, U now ihe capital of ihc naval clta> blilhoKMit of the lilack fra I'lic admi* ralty, with a lonj? line tli« Ingiil. Twelve ni to the «, at the en- tranci" of the Bog into the Dnieper, are the remains of the Greek city of Olbi- opolis. Nicolacf itt jo m NNt Oe/akof, and 42 NW C^hertbti. Lon. 30 46 v.^ lat. 46 .58 N. Nicola, St. the nioft conridtrable of the illes of Tremeii, in tite ^nlf of Ve- nice. It has a harbour, di fended by a lortrelii, in which is an abbey and a church. Lon. 1/; 37 k, lat. 42 10 n. Niiol/l'urift a town t)f M(na»ii, on the frontit raof Aullria, with a caftleon a mountain, 12 m (^.nk Laab. i\iiopo/i, a town of European Tur- key, in iJulg.iri.i, famoni for the firft battle fought between the Turks anil the Cluillians in i.V}6, wlien emperor Sigifnnnid was defeated, and had lojiio* men killed. It is featcd on the Danube, at the influx of the Olina, Oo m .h.'*w Unchoreft, and 150 nnw Adrianoplc. Lon. 25 43 K, lat. 4t 16 N. Nicopoli, or (ilanijh, a town of Turk- i(h Armenia, built i)y Pnnipey, in me- mory of a vidory gained over Mithri- dates. It is 15 m s Er/eruni. Nicojia, the capital of Cyprus, feated in a plain, near the mountain Olympus. From the lime of Conflantinethe great, till 1567, it was 9 m in circuit ; but the Venetians reduced it to three, and for- tified it with elevvu baftions and three gatej ; all the red ♦hey razed to the foundation, dernolilhing temples, pa- laces, and the molt beantifnl monu- ments. In 1570, it was befiejed 4^ days by *he Turks, and then taken by alfault. There are citron, lemon, orange, fig. vine, and pomegranate trees, interiperled among the houTei. Thi einncli of St. Sophia, an old Gothic llriKflurt', the Turks have turneil into a mofque ; and in that of St. Nicholas, the principal merchants afl'emble to traniadcommercial bnfinefs. The bazar is txtenfive, well lupplied with pro- vifion?, and remarkably clean. Lon. 3 J 36 B, lat. 35 16 N. Nico/m, a town of Sicily, in y a\ di Demona, 50 ni <.v by 9 Taonnina. Nicoterci. a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Ultra, near the coafl of the Me- diterraauan, 35 m nnb Kegijio, and ; « M '^ I ' ■ I NIK il5 tt N4pl<(i. Loll. I A 30 t, Ut. |l 14 ». A»r^jv>i'>ibiir-r, H town of Upper Saxony, in iln; piincipiliiy of AnhaU Cuthen, wiih a palate lK-loiigiii(' to thi- prince; leated on the Saal, « m nw Colhm. Nienliuusy a town of Weiiphali.i, in the county of Btnilieim, witli the ruins of a citadel: featcd on tho Dmkel, j6 m NKw Bcntlieim. hienhaus, a 'own »)f Vv'eftphalia, in tilt! principality of Padeiborn, with a c^flle, ihc iclidLi.cc o! ihc print'"; fcalcd on ihc l^ippe. a m mnk Padrr< lH>rn. A'/V/«T( fi'W t)nle^tr. SifjLr, fet Unifjlrr. Sim^trl, » fraport of the Nether- lindt. Ill Flan e, tit. 51 K k. Nifuportt a town of Holland, un tli)" river Leek, i ^ m k Uoticutam. S'levrt, a tlipntmcni of Fran.'', In- rludiiiK the late province of Nivetnoii. It takes it!i name fmui a Iniall river, which rifeii near Champh-my, and ruin, into the l.oif, nt Ntveis, the chiei town of the department. .N/ffr, a laffje river of Africa, which rilert in the fame moiintaiiii as the Sv - nei;.»l, in the w part of Nej,'rol.ind It flows N through the country of M.tn- dingo, and then takes an callci ly coin {<: through the kiiigdom« of K.imbarj, Tombinf^oo, Trocur, and Ghana, to NVangara, where it divides into (evenil branches, and is fnppoled to lofi.* ilf.lf in the l.ilces and fandy dcfi iti 10 tlu' R and s of that countiy i'he Moots and Aribh call il Niel il A> t'cd, or Rive I of Sl.ives, and Niel Ivibeer, ur CJrr.u River. In the rainy feafoii it inundati s the adjacent land.. iSis^o'io, a town of Italy, in the diicliy of Modeiia, 2: ni sw Aloiit na. J^ij^ritia , iee Nei^rolitud, Ai/f, a great liver ot Al'iiia, which, .nccoidinj: to Mr. Hriiee, rife.^ in Abyl- linia, near the village of Geclh, in Ion. ?i^ .S5 '■1 ''It- '" .sy ^'' ^' "•"* ^''^ ihioiigh the lake Deinbci, then makei :\ ctieuit tovvMid its louree, which it leaves ij; in to the K, and cniera into Nul)i.». tlir lUgli which CKuntryit inakta a linuous courfe, and forms iomc cataiads. It then enters Egypt, and flows almoft dinaly .s till ii arrives at Cairo i and a little below tliat city it divides into two great branches, which, uitli the Mrditirranean lei, form the iilandeallidDi Ita. Tluancientsreckon- etl eleven nioiiths of the Nile, of which ftven were conhderablc ; but now there are only two that are navigable at all tines; and thole are at Uoi( ita and Da- mictta. In the middle of this river, be- tween Old Caiio anil (iizeh. is featcd the illiiiJ of Rodda, w hich ii almofl at litng ai OIU ('«iro, und ijoo pacei in hr<-j(|ih in Ihi* mItMIc | nvA tin* front oi the Mcki\i Ukc* up 4II lltf> lirendth of the foinhirn p,irt ThitUihe w«>rk ofthf S.iracrnn, anil rlrrlvei Iti ninse from itt 111**! f'T it H)(nifici .Me.ifiirf. Ilcic fluy i»lifriv»' rviiy «l.>y, l»y mc^rti nf .1 crxlu-ited coliinnn, tli*- incrc.ilc ur .ff w.ttcrof the Nde ; xnd they reckon it will bf .1 bad year when it rili'uK'fi than 14 ciibin, «ir above i«i JMit 16 cnbiti IS the proper hei);ht. Iliiring the iniindationt the little townn, ft.tndiriK upon cmincncei, l:)i)k like fit many ifl.utd i, ,ind tlu-y go from out' to the other by bo;H^ In Ciiro iheri* U A canal callfd Khilit, which in opened wl\cn the water ii hiph enouvjh; tluiioe it in convcye is full of hixh mountaini. Siitieama \ fee Monofniujji, I^itMetfui^, a ei'y of ilollaiid, capit.il of OelJi'land, with a cilaiUI, an an- citnt pal ice, ant 1.5 V, bl, (I 1 N. Niiix fo, Cill'd by the Europ«?^ii» f.iitm/'o, in excellent feaport of ( hina, and 4 city of the tirft r.ink in the pro. vincc of 'I'ehe kl.ing. The lilks :naiiii« faiiturcd here ^re much ilKemed »n fo- reign Cttuntricl. efpeciiilly in Japan, whf rethey air exchan/ed by thcChinefc for copper, koM, .wid lilvrr. Il ii feated on the » cojII, oppolite J^piii, 6fto m •»R Pekinit. Ltni n ) 18 K. 1 it 29 j8 N. iS'in/futti, i city ot Kaltern T.irMry, in the province of Kit in, iiiul the feat (»f 4 conltderable trad'-, partieiilarly in the valuable plant ginletiK. v^ liieh .dxionds in th«- neit;hbourho(Ki. It ix fe ited ou the lliirh.1, 110 m nk Kiriii. Lon. 12.1 40 I, l.it. 44 30 N Si»uin,.St .itowiiof Scotland, inStir- lln>;lhire, with nnanufaJlur«-i of leather, cotton cloth, and naili, a m &k Stirling. Sinovf, a t')rtn of the NefberlaniU, in Fl:inder!(, on the river Deiider, with an abbry, n n\ w Hrnncls. AVi/, an illmd of the Archipelago, to the s of N^xia, .tniiently eaiifd Io«. It is 3S m in circuit, and fVrtile in corn, but has little wood or oil. The regular niannerB of the inhd)itants, who are (tr«ckh, revive an idea of the fnnplicity of the primitive -igcs; and their kind treatment of llranijers appears to be the genuine remaiiii of ancient hofpilality. Lon. 25 ^5 w, lat. 36 4^ n. NioH, a town of Swiderlind, capital of a bailiwic on the like of fiencva, be- longing to the canton of IJein. It has a maniifaiifure of beautiful porcelain, and is I J in N by v Geneva. Nions, .1 tovi n of Fr.ince, in the de- piitment of Drome, at the foot of 4 chiin of rnount.iins, on the river Aij.Mie8, with a lolty bridge of one arch, the work of the Romans. Here is a mine- imI /piing, calk'' l*o itias, und t'omemi- nufa<5lureH of loap and woulitn cloth. It is 21 m Est Montclimar, and .,8 SiC Valence. Niort^ a town of France, capital of the ileparfiTu nt of Two Sevres. Here are t^ade drnj'i;cts, (irges, and other coarlr wooIUn gooils ; and its dry fweetmeats are much ell emed. It is feated on the Sevre Niortoili?, 31m i-sy Rochellc, and 46 wsw Poitiers. Lon. o 33 w, 1st. 46 JO N. Ni/>hon, thi; largelt ill ind of Japan, 750 in long and from 60 to 150 broad, containing 55 proviice--. h was ilil- covred, in 154"'-, by tlie roruguefe, who were caff .liliorc by a t- mpelt. 'I li- chief lovvn is J4:dj. / T J JL-ff' r .' .•"11 i I i jj. iii ^, A^< IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ 1.0 Li 125 w lU |2.2 2f 114 "^ I.I l.*^ 1^ ^ III 1 L25 1 ,.4 1.6 ^ 6" — ► <% A / i^> >^ '^ '/ Hiotographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 873-4503 :/. 1 1 '1 ^M T Niruat a town of Tcrr.t Firma, in tbe province of Venozuelui 140 nti SB Venezuela. Ni,'ito, a river of St- D "iriingo, wh^ch 18 a inalu)j;;ajiy p>rt, and nlmitM vclfr-ls that ilrAw iMulcr zo feet. It cntera ttie i'et, on the w lide of a ciipc to which it give* iiamr, :X m wsw St. Domin>;o. Nijhpottr, or Selfaburt a city of Per- fia, inKhoraf.iii. formt-rly veryextrnlive, liiit has been often fallen and pillaged by thi" Tartars. The inhabitants, ;ibout 15,000, only occupy a fmgle quarter of the city, and the remainder h in ruins. The moft delicious fruits arc here to be found in the utmod abundance. Tt is 90 m 8 by B Mclched, and 140 w Biitan. Nifibirit or Ni/birtt a town and fortrefs of Afi.uic Tuijicy, in Diart)ek, now greatly decayed. It Ss fcatod in a vaft plain, 78 m se Diarliekir. iS'ijidaf a imall ifland in the gulf of Naples, very fertile, and laid out in flopes and terraces like a large garden. It has a harbour, called Porto Pavone, 5 m wsw Naples. Nifmes, a city of France, capital of the department of Gard, and lately a biftiop's fee. Here are lirv^pl monu- ments of antiquity, of which the amphi- theatre, built by the Romans, is the principal. There are likcvvife the ruins ef a temple of Diana, and a grand tower. The Maifon Quartee, or the fquare ' houfe, is a piece of archite<5Vure of the Corinthian order, and one of tbe fined in the world. Nine m to the ne i3 .1 lofty Roman aqueduA, called Pont du Gard, which, pafling acrofs n valley and the river Gard, ferves to convey the fpring of Eure, near Uzes, to this city. Nifmes has a citadel, built by Lewis XIV} and the chief manufaftures are filk dockings and cloth. It • , i>atcd in a plain, abounding in wine a.' '. oil, 75 m NE Narbonne. Lon. 4 19 e, lat. 43 50 N. NiJ^'a, a ftrong town of European Turkey, in Servia. It was taken by the Hungarians in 1737, but retaken by tbe Turks the following year. It is feated on a river of the fame name, ao m E Precop, and i ao se Belgrade. Lon. zi 3* E, lat. 43 3a N. Nith, a river of Scotland, which rifea in Ayrlhire, gives the name of Nithfdale to that part of Dumfricsfhire through which it flows, and a little below Dum- fries enters Solway frith. Nitria, a dcfert of Egypt, 37 m long, on the coad of the M krno. Npgarot a town of France, in the department of Gers, 21 m sw Condom, and 27 wKw Auch. Negarcot, a town of the country of Napaul, with a celebrated pagoda, 5* m NE Catmandu. 1^ agent le Rotrou, a 1 3wn of France, in the department of Eure and Loir, feated on the Huifhe, 35 m ne Mans. Nogent fur Seine, a town of France, in the department of Aube, feated on the Seine, 25 m nw Troyes. Ntir, Ca}ty a proinontorf on th« sir NOR couft of Terra del Fuego, at tho entrance of the ftrait of Magellan. Lon. 73 13 w, lat. 54 30 s. Noirmoutirr, an ifland of France, in the bay of Bilcay, s of th<; mouth of the river Loire, it is 13 tn long, and 3 broad, and ban good pafturts. The Engiifh made an unfuccelsfiii attack on it in 1795- The principal town is of the rim« name, defended by a ♦ort. Lon. 2 in w, lat. 17 o N. No/a, a town of Niplcs, in Terra dl Lavorot oncf a rich Uoman colony, a'tid yet a handfomt* place. The (ilk fpini in the neighbourhood is much eftccnied. It is ij m BNR Naples. Noli, a town of the territory of Oe- no<<, with a fort and a goo.l harbour, 30 m sw Genoa. Lou. 8 41 u, I, it. 44. 18 N. Nombre de Dios, a towi of Terra Firma, in the province of Darien, ior- merly a pl.ice of oonlidttable trade. It is 30 m K Porto IklUv Nombre de Dios-, u town of New Spain, in New Bifc;)y, 45 m se Dtirango. Nomeny, a town of France, in the de- partment of Meurte, on the St-illc, 15 m N Nancy. Non, Cape, a promontory of the king- dom of >U8, o'.'p.ifite tlie Canary iflands. Tlie Poitugucfe, in their firft attempts to explore the w coaft 01' Africa, long llConfidered this promonfory as an iin- TaUe bo^dary This its name im- tl).b^t ^ey doubled it, at laft, in 113. V urn. II 50 w, tat. 28 38 w. Nonoifk town of Dalmatia, and a oilhup'fl Il9' ft was once a fplendid city, but if ,'n|||yki mean place, and the harbour not *i^Mible of receiving large vefTels It i» iH^ft furrounded by the fea, 7 m N by ^iii^ara. Notttron, a towln of France, in the de> partment of Oordogne, ai m n Peri- gueux,and 30 ssw Limoges. Noopoutt a town of Hindoofl-^n, in Guzerat, 55 m e Surat, and 14a w Bur* hanpour. Lon. 73 50 e, lat. zi 11 n. Nootia ; fee King George Sound. Nora, a town of Sweden, in Wellma- nia, 17 m nnw Oretro, and 56 w by s Wefteras. Norberg, a town of Sweden, in Weft- mania. Here are the beft iron mines in the province, and the ore is principally fent by a canal to Stroemfholm. It is 30 m NNW Wefteras. Noreia, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoleto, feated among mountains, on the river Fredara, ao m ss Spoleto. Nordt a department of France, fo named f ,m being the moft northern in fituat'' .. It includes the late French NOK provinces of Hainaiilt, Flandcrn, andl Cambn (is. Donay is tlir capital. Nordburc^, a town of Dentnark, at the N extremity of the ifle of Alfcn, with a caftj**, 9 m NNW Surtderbiir);. Nord'ti, A It'apfrt of >'i\ftphalia, in E Frii'll ind. and a confuitr.ible place of tiade, with a good haibciir. ft is 4 m from tlie Otrm.ii: ocean, and 14 n Em- den. Lon. 7 I > K, lat. 5j ,i» n. J^ord^au ; fee Bavaria, Palatinate of. ^"•ordhaujin, a town ot Upper Saxony (lately imperial) in Tluirinma, with fevcti Lutheran chirches, an.l a well- built orphan honfc. It has ,1 confidcr- abie iradf in corn, tmindy an-i ripe and linfeed <'il, with mannnkJtiTcs ot mar- hlf? md alaballer. Ir is llati-d on the Zort':t;, j,\ m NNK Erfurt. Ldu. i* j6 £, In. CI 30 N. Nonllisim, a town of Lower Saxony, in th'" dncliy of Brnnfwick, iituate on the Khume, at it;, conflux with the Lfina, 10 m N Gottingt-n. Nordkopiiig, a feaport of Sweden, in 1£ Gothland. It is 8 m in circuit, but the houfes are fcattcrcd, and the inhabitants do not exceed 10,000. The river Motula enters it by four dif.inJl ftreams, which form a fories of catarafts, and encircle fcveral rocky ifland;^/ cn- vtrcd with buildings; but at the mid- dle of the town, and a little below the main bridge, it :s navigible for fmall veflcls to the Bronie, a long and narrow bay of the Baltic. Here are manufac- tures of woollen cloth, paper, and fire- arms; Ibme fugar-hoiiles, and a brafs foundery. Much corn and flour is ex- ported ; and a falmon fifhery gives em- ployment to many of the inhabitants. It is 44 m NE Linkoping, and 90 sw Stockholm. Lon. 16 10 e, lat. 58 35 N. Nordland, one of the five grand di- vifions of Sweden, bounded on the n by Lapland, e by the ^ulf of Bothnia, s by Sweden Proper, and w by the fame and Norway. It contains fix provinces. Nordlingtn, a town of Suabia (lately imperial; fortified in the ancient man- ner. Here the league of the five wef- tern circles of Germany was concluded in 1702. In 1796, it was taken by the French. It is a commercial place, feat- ed on the Eger, 38 m nnw Augfburg. Lon. 10 34 E, lat. 48 50 N. Nordmaling, a town of Sweden, in Angermania, near a buy of the gulf of Bothnia, 24 m sw Uma, and 70 ne Hernofand. Nordftrand, an ifland of Det^mark, on the w coaft of S Jutland, la m long and 5 broad- It has a town called Ham, aL '■■■ -n '''^- ^: km Wi ^ ^(l'^-- 'hi NOR a?, m w SIcfwick. Lon. 9 o i'., lat. 54 40 N. /Vor/o/i, a coiiMty of F.nglnnd, bound- ed on th<; N and k by the German «)ci'an, SE and s l.y Suflolk, and w by Cambridgeftiire and Lincolnfhire. It is 1"; m long and 45 htcid, containing i,j88,3io acren; is divided into.iahun- (iridd, and 724 parilhes ; Im8 one city and 31 marki.t-tovvn9 ; iind ftnds 12 inemlxTH to pirliimtMU. The number of inhabitants was 273,37 tin iHoi, and 291,999 in 181 1. The prodntita vary according to the loil and fit nation. The lij^ht arable lands produce barley in greiit plenty ; whtat is cultivated in the Itrongi'it Ibils ; and turnips are grown ill jrreat quantities ; much buck-wheat is alfo j-rovvn in the light Ibils, and ufed for feeding fwine and poultry. The fenny parts yield great' quantities of butter ; which is lint to London under the name of Cambridge butter. The Ihecp are a hardy finalt breed, much Talued for their mutton. Turkeys are reared here to a l.irger fize than cUe- vvhtre; rabbits are extremely numerous en theiandy heaths; and therein abund- ancg of game, efpecially of pheallmts. The maniifadure'iof Norfolk are worl- ted, woollen, and lilks. The principal rivers are the Greit Oul'c, Nen, Little Oufe, VVavenoy, Yaie, and Mure. Nor- wich is the capital. Norfolk^ a fe.iport of Virginia, ca- pital of a coniily ot the fame name. It was burnt, in 1776, by order of the Britifii governor; but is now the rrolt co'ifidenble commercial town in the Hate. The chief exports are tobacco, Hour, corn, ftavcs, and lumber. Here are two churches, an academy, and a theatre; and the harbour i.^ large enough to contain 300 Ihips. The town ftands on the E fide of Elifabeth river, near its entrance into the cftuary of James river, 108 m ESE Richmond. Lon. 76 23 w, lat. 36 55 N. Norfolk Ijlandy an ifland in the Pa- cific ocean, lying e of New S Wales, difcovered by Cook in 1774, who found it uninhabited. It is very hilly, but fome of the valleys are tolerably large. The whole ifland is covered by a thick forell, but has not much underwood ; and she principal timber tree is the pine. The fpring is ptrceptible in Auguft ; but the trees are in a conftant fuccei- fion of flowering and fruiting the year round. The ifland is fupplied with many ftreams of good water, which abound with very fine eels. The cliJTs round the coaft are 240 feet high, quite per- pendicular J and the anchorton, a bnroui^di and the ca- plt.iiof Northamptonlhirc, j^ovt-rned by ■A mayor, with a marlcct on Saturday. It is ll.Mtt'd on the Nen, widch in navi- gihle to l.ynn, and was formerly fnr- iDiiiKifd by a w.ill, and had acaltic; the outer wills of ihe latter are kept up, and the interior in cultivated. It was alinofl 'entirely deltroyed by fire in 16175, hut was foon rebuilt. It has four churches, a fpacious market-place, .1 good frecfchool, and a county infirmary and gaol' The principal manufadure ij boots and ihoes, of which many are fxpoittd. The number of inhabitants w;is 70:0 in i8ot. and 8427 in 1811. In the meadows below the town, a bat- tle was fought "n i46o, between Henry VI anil the Yorkiftj, in wliich the for- mer WHS defeated and made prifoner. Two miles to the s i, Qiieen's Crofs, eredled by Edward i in memory of his queen Eleanor. This tow is 30 m SE Coventry, and 66 nw L .'idon. Lon. I II w, iat. 53 II N. Northamptonjhire, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the s by Burking- hamfhire and Oxford/hire, w by the latter county and Warwickfhire, nw by Leicefterrtiire .ind Riitlandlhire, n by Lincolnfliire, and e by the counties )f Cambridge, Huntingdon, and Bedford. It is 60 m long and 2a where broadefl:, containing 617,600 acres; is divided into 20 hundreds, and 304 parifhes ; has one city and 11 market-towns; and fends nine members to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 131,757 in 1801, and 141, 353 in 181 1. In the NE part, near Peterborough, commences a fenny trai5t, extending to the Lincobi- JhireWalh. With this fingle exception, Northamptonlhirc is ftid to contain lels wafte ground, and more feits of the nobility and gentry, than any other county. The greateft defecft is a fcarci- ty of fuel, which is but fcantily fup- plied by its woods ; and though coal is brought by the river Nen, it 13 at a very dear rate. This county, however, NOR poffefTes fome confiderable remains of its old forcfts, particularly thofc of Rockingham on the nw, and of Salccy anil VVhiltlebury on the s. Thf pro- duii'j.ire, in genenl. the fame with thole of other farming cnurtits; but it is peculiarly celeluated for grazing land, llorned cattle, and other animals, are fitl to extraordinary lizes ; and many horfcB of the Ur^c Maclv breed are rear- ed. Woad for the diers i..> cii't vated here; but the county is not dillii.giiilli- ed for imnuf.n.'hiips. Tlie principal rivers are the Nen and Wetland; befide which it is partly watered by the Oufe, Lcam, Chrrwell, and Avdii. Korthjiuft, a village in Kent, Hated on the Thames, a m w Gravefend. The church is very large, and contains frag- ments of monuments as ancient as the fourteenth century. Vaft quantities of lime are made here, and great numbers of extraneous folliis have been dug up. NorthlfCicht a town in Gloucefter- fliire, with a miirket on Wednelday ; featcd in the centre of the Cotefwold- hiils, near the fuuree of the l.cch, 23 m E Gloucefler, and 81 vv by S' London. Northopt a town of Wales, in Flint- fhitv, with a mar':et on Saturday, and manufachircs of coarle earthen ware, fire-brick>, ^:c. It is .3 m su Flint, and i9n \-\v London. Northorn, a town of Weftphalia, in the county of Bentheim, on the river Vecht, 10 m N Bentheim. Northumberland, the moll northern county of England. In the S^xon hep- tarchy it was a part of the kingdom of the . *humbrians, which contained alfo the counties of York, Lancafter, Durham, Cumberland, and Wtftmor- land, and received its name from lying N of the Humber. It is of a triangular form, 64 tn the greateft length, and 50 the greateft breadth : bounded on the E by the German ocean, s by the biHiopric of Durham, w by Cumberland and Scotland, and n by the detached part of Durham called Norhamflilrc and Iflandfhire. It contains 1,157,760 acres ; is divided into fix wards, and 83 parilhes ; has 10 market-towns ; and ?"ends fix members to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 157,101 in i8ot,and 164,415 in 1811. The foil is various ; the k part fruitful in molt forts of corn, with rich meadows on the banks of the rivers ; but the w part 1.4 moftly heathy and mountainous. The SB part abounds with thick feams of coal ; and the sw angle has rich lead mines. Limeltone and iron ore abound in various parts. The chief rivers arc a L s N WM 111*' P' NOR the Tynr, Coqueti A\n, and BIyth. Alnwick is the couaty*town, but the larecft town is NewcaAle. Northumberland, a town of PennfyU vania, in ihr county of its name, featcd in the angle formed hy the jun^ion of the b and w branches of the Sufqucha- iia, i m above Sunbury, and iia nw PhiiadelphlA Northumbfrland Ijlandi, a chain of iflands in the Pacinc ocean, near the NE coalt of New Holland. Lon. 152 E, lat. 12 s. hiortliumberland Str0it, the 8 part of liie gulf of St. Lawrence, between the illand of St. John and the coaft of New Brunfwick and Nova Scotia Korthwic/i, a town in Chefliire, with a market on Friday, a cotton maiiu- fadlurt, and corfiderable Jiilt-works. Minos of folid rock fait have been dug here to a meat depth, from which im- menle quantities arc* railed ; and much of it, in its crude ftate, is conveyed to Liverpool to be exported • North wich is feated on the Dan, at its jundtion with the Woever, 30 m N e Chcfter, and 174 KW London. Norton, a town of MalTachufets, in Briilol county. A great quantity of nails is made here, and it has a manu- fa^ure of ochre fimilar to that of Taun- ton. It is sR m 8 Bofton. Norton, or Chipping Norton, a town in Oxfordfliire, with a market on Wed- nefday. Here is a frcefchool founded by Edward vi, and a manufadlure of horfe-cloths, tilting, 8cc. It is la m sw Banbury, and 73 nw London. Norton Sound, an inlet of the fea, on the w coaft of N America, difcovercd by Cook in his laft voyage. The en- trance is between Cape Denbigh on the E, and Cape Danby on the w, about 70 m diftance ; both lying in the fame la- titude, and the latter in lon. 162 55 w, lat. 6430 *•'. Norwaik, a town of Connefticut, in Fairfield county, with two churches, and fome iron-Tvorks. Ii has a fmall trade to New York and the W Indies, and is fituatc on an inlet of Long Ifland found, 50 m NE New York. Lon. 73 35 w, lat. 41 8 N. Norway, a kii)gdom of Europe, the moft wtftetly part of the ancient Scan- dinavia. It is bounded on the w and n by the Northern ocean, K^bySwedifli Lapland and Sweden, and s hy the Categot ; extendinj? from the Naze in lat. 57 ^o, to the North Cape in Int. 71 10. its breadth, which is very unequal, is from 40 to 280 m. It is divided into the four government$ of Agger- NOR buys, or Chriftiania, Bergen, Drontlic!m, and Wardhuys. From its rocky I'oil and northern pofition, Norway is not populous in proportion to its extent. The Norwegians maintain their own army, which confifts of 24,000 foot and 6000 cavalry. Their troops are much efteemed for their bravery ; and, lite theSwils mountaineers, arc exceedingly attached to their country. Norway ii blefTed with a particular code, called the Norway law, compiled by GrieflVU feld, At the command of Chriftian v, the gre.1t kgillator of his country. By this law, peaf.«ntR are free, a few otily ex- cepted oil Ibme noble eftates near Fre- dericll.idt. The Norwegian peafants pofTi Ii much fpirit and hie in their manner; are frank, open, and undaunt- ed, but not infoleiit ; never fawning to theii fuperiors, yet paying proper re- li3e<5^to thofc above them. The fame Ciiufcs which affe£^ the population of Norway, operate likewife on the ftate of tillage, for the country does not produce f'ufficient corn for its own con- I'umption ; but it is rich in pafture, and feeds many cattle, fheep, and goats. The fifheries, particularly on the w coaft, find employment and wealth for the natives, and fupply the fineft lailors for the Danifh fleet. The principal fifti are falmon, cod, ling, and whiting : the fmalleft are given as winter foddei- to the cattle ; and their livers yield train-oil. The extenfive forefts of oak and pine produce timber, fpars, beams, and planks, befide charcoal, turpentine, bark, fuel, and even manure j and tho birch (the bark of which is ufed as a covering for the roofs of houies) not only fupplies fuel, but alfo a kind of wine, i he general exports arc tallow, butter, fait, dried fifti, timber, planks, horfes, homed cattle, filver, cobalt, alum, Pruflian blue, copper, and iron. It abounds in lakes and rivers ; the former fo large that they appear. like in- lets of the lea ; but the rivers are in general of a (hort courfe, except the Giomme. The mountains are nume- rous, and generally clothed with piiies and firs : the graiKl Scandinavian chaiii, which runs from s to n, dividing this kingdom from Sweden, is known by diftindt appellations ; the chief are the ridges of Langfial, Dofrafial, Kolen,and Severnoi. The wild animals are the bear, lynx, wolf, fox, and hare; but the moft Angular creature is the lem- ming, or Norwegian moufe, of a rcddilh colour, and about five inches long. Thefe animals proceed in vaft numbers from the ridge of Kolen toward the fea, NOR (Icvoiiring fvi'ry produ^ of the foil in tlirir ciMirli.', uul ai lall ffcm to devour cich othiT. Norway was (uiincily go- vftiicit l»y ifs own hcrtJitaiy l\)viTfigiia. O'l thi! dcmifc of Hagoii v, in IJ19, witliotit male ifTiie, his rrantiron in tlic iinalf lino, Alagnii< Smcl», iiiiitt'd in liisperlbn the knigdoms of Swcilen and Norway M iitniis was (ticctvded in the kiitjidofn of Norway by his Too Ilagcn VI, liiifba'jd ot the celehnted Mar;;a- ret, and, at his di-ctali-, in i^ltj, Nor- way was united to Denmark by their liin Olof V, who dyinj; withoui ifl'iic, Margjret hcrfelf was tailed tolhe throne by tlie unanimous voiee ol tin; nation. Oil ht r death it delciendid, with Den- mirk and Sweden, to her neplifvv Eric. Sweden was af'.erward Icparated from Di^'iiinark by the valom- and .iddrefs of Giift.ivu^ Vafa ; but Norway continues united t») Denmark The capit li is CI lilliania, but Beigcn is tiic muft pu- pult>us c ty. Nor n New L( :idon. Lon. ;» 3 W', lat. 41 an n. Sorwich, a town of Vermont, in Windfor county, feattd ox\ the C<»nncc- ticnt, oppofiie linnover in New Ilamp- Ihire, and 20 m s Windfor. SnJJ'erit a town of Ur'P' r Saxony, in Mifiiia, ituatf on iheFrvyburg Muldaii, id m vv Di( Iden. Notchtfiifonfit a town of Ilindooflan, in the pri:viiice of Bi'^ar, 47 m hflw Nagponr, an of the mod fiMiile and pleafant counticH in England The principal rivtrr. arc the Trent and Idhr. Almoft the whole of the middle and weftern partH were for- merly occupied liy the txtcnfive forcft of Sliirwood, which is the only royal forcft N of the Trent ; but the wood has in mofl parts been cleared, and tht extent of the forell much contra^ed by enclofures. The chief produifls of this county arc coal, of whittii there is gr»at plenty ; a kind of ftonc foircwhat like alahaller, but not fo hard, which, when burnt, makes a plaHcrexceedinijIy hard, and with this the inhabitants ^'cuerully lay the floors of their upper rooms, in- fttad of h(;ardit.g them : its other com- modities are malt, hops, wool, licorice, and woad. The manufadlures chiefly -coiifilt of framework-knitting, glafs, and e.iithen ware- yova Scotin, a Britifli province of N America, which formerly, till 1784, in- cluded the province of NewBrunfwick. It is bounded on the s and iiE by the Atlantic, k" by 'he gut of C'anfo, n by Northumberland ftrait, and nw byN*;* Bri'ifwick and the bay of Fundy. Its length is a.35 m, from Cape Sable on the sw to Cape Canfo on the ne ; its extreme breadth is 88 m, but the mean of the peninfular part h not more than 45. It has fevcral lakes, and a vaft number of fmall rivers. The French fettled here before they made any efta- blifhment in ('anada, and called it Acadia. The firfl grant of lards was made by James 1, of England, from whom it received the name of Nova Scotia. Since the firft iettlement it has more than once changed rulers and pro- prietors, nor was it confirmid to Eng- land till the peace of L'irecht» in 17 15. Though fituate in a favorable part of f |ie t*'mperaie zone, the atmofphcrc, for NOV a great pirt of the ycr, Ih clouded witli a thick li'/, wlir '. riP lirB it unheal'liy ; itnd for lour monthii it ih intenlely told. A great p.iit «it the Ct.iintry luit in to- red ; uid the Icil (except on ili<- banks of the liver* i' thin and batien. Hali- fax In the capital Sova /•rmlilu, an ifland in the Frozrn ocean, leparatid Intm 'he ct)iitinciit of RnlUa by the ftrait ol VVaiK'"'/- I' i* 500 m long ind from looto 100 liroad, and w,'.» didjovi-rrd by the Fn^lifh in \s\y In i5'>^, a Duleh vflil being calt aw.iy on the colli, the crew were ol)iij;cil to wintir here, and uith great dinienlty pret'-rved their livei). Since that, Ibmc Kunians h.ive pallVd a winter wiiiiout riifTeriiiK (b much The country V n- prelented as extremely dcfolate, pro- ducing no tree, nor .my vegetable hut mofl. and Ibme few .irtllic plants. It is not luppiifid to have any human inha- bitants The animals leen there ;iro while bearti, while f'oxc ', elks, vain- dr(r, and rabbits. Lon. jiJ to 78 e, lat 70 to 78 N. Soiuilefe, a tort-n of Piedmont, at tin foot of NIount Cenis and the fourcc ol' the Doria, 40 m nw Turin. Soi'aliet A town of Italy, in Trcvi- fano, 10 m sw Trevifo. yicvaray a town of Italy, in Mila« neli;, which contains 17 churches befiJe the cathedral. It is feated on an emi- nence, near the Agogna, 30 m w by i 'Viilun. Lon. 15 o k, lat. 45 18 n. SoviUara, a town of Italy, in Mo- dencie, capital of a I'mall piincipaliiy, with a caltle. It is 17 m e by m Parma, and 18 NNw Modcna. Novi, a town of the territory of Ge- noa, with a ftrong caftle on a mountain It is the principal depot for goods going from Genoa to the n part jf Italy and into Germany. Near this pl.ice, in 1799, the Auftrians and Ruflians defeal- ed tht French, who loll nearly lo.coo men, and their general Joubert vas killed. It is 27 m nnw Genoa. Novi, a fortified town of Croatia, nii the right bank of the Unna. In i;liy, it was taken by the Aulhiims. It is 5; msECarlftadt! Lon. 1655 f, lat.458^■• iVoal/ Bazar, a town of Eun pra. Turkey, in Strvia, feated near the Ord- CO, 72 m w Nilla, and 103 s Delgrailc Lon. 21 I E, lat. 43 35 N'. Novi/fra(i, u town of Upper Hungary, capital of a county of the iame mime, with a calHe ; leated on a mouiitain, | near the Danube, 25 m n Buda. NovixmJ: atou'n of Dalmalia, with a caftle; feated on a lake of the to| nimp, nr.iri Nona, and 3 S'ot'ijfrnJ, Turkey, In i iiii'h'. .15 m I \ovoi(orod nfa govcrnm I'ormerly call (lillinguifh it fame apprllj time, govern w,is, in f.ii'f, rifilirtion of territory extei frontiers of L prifing great Archangel, at the Mw limits the great mar ,tiul tl'i' h.iii'e mofl rapid a po^iiil.ition. Fi its lit nation fe rili: to a proi CJofIs and Gre 15th century, wii obliged tc duke of Riini.i Ifl'sthi'largeft in Ruflia, and ( fouls. Itwasfii bythecrueltiw dour was imt t the great built transferred al Baltic that ha It now contai and a vaft nun^ vents are me its former mr ftretches on be river of confid< which feparate and the qnart( latter is a larj cathedral of St princei of th« are interred. the Nend ofth Petern>urg. L< Novogorod, capital of a i name, and an a caftle, furroui two cathedrals, five convents, able, and the with all kinds Koods. It is f( the Oka with t Mofcow. Lon NovogoroJ, f-a, capital of a wme. It is ft NOV nimff TK'Tf the miM of Venice, 17 m i ^I'lin.l, and ^5 Nw '/,.ir.1. SovijfrnJ, .1 flroiijt pliicc of Europr .in Turk«'yi i» Scrvia. fcatcd nc.ir the Da- „ul,r, .15 m N NilTi. Sovo^oroJ, a city of Hii(li,i, capital of a povcrtimt'iit «)f thi- (!imc name, and lormi-rly called (Jrcat N<)vi»j((»r!;uifh it from other town* of the fiinc apprilatioii. It was, for a K)nK time, govi-riii-d by itr> own dnkcB ; and was, in f.n't, a n-piihlic, under the ju- rifilirtion of a nominal fov«r«'iKn. Its territory extended tofhi* n ;ih far as the frontieri of Livonia and Finland ; com- prifniK f;r*:.\t part of the province of Archangi'l, and a large diftridt beyond lh(< NW limits of Sib«'ria. This city was the great inarf of trade between Runia aiul tl'i' h in'catic citien, and made the moft lapid advances in otnilcnco and populition. Its power was (o gnat, and its litiiation fo imp'eKnahie, as to give rile to a proverb. Who can refill tho Uods and Great Novogorod • But in tli« 15th century, this independent republic was obliged to fubmit to Ivan 1, gr.^nd (liike of RnlTia. It continued, nevertlic- leH.the largeft and moft commercial city in Riiflla, and contained at leaft 400, foo foul*. It was fir" dcfolated, in a manner, by the cruelties n' Ivan 1 1 ; but its fplcn- dour was not totally cclipfcd until Peter the great built Peterfburg, to which he transferred all the commerce of the Baltic that had before centered here. It now contains fcarcely 7000 Ibnis ; and a vaft number of churches and con- vents are melancholy monuments of its former magnificence. The town ftretches on both fides of the VolltofT, ? river of confiderable depth and rapidity, which feparates it into the Trading Part and the quarter of St. Sophia : in the latter is a large fortrefs, including the cathedral of St. Sophia, in which feveral princes of the ducal family of Ruflla are interred. Novogorod is fituatc near the N end of the lake Ilmen, 115 m sse Peterlburg. Lnn. 31 45 e, lat. 58 25 n. Novogoro/i, Niznei, a city of Riifiia, capital of a government of the famt name, and an archbilhop's fee. It has acaftle, furrounded by ftone walls ; alio two cathedrals, 28 parilh-churches, and five convents. The trade is confider- able, and the fliops richly funiifhed with all kinds of foreign and home goods. It is feated at ttie conBux of the Oka with the Volga, 280 m E by n Mofcow. Lon 46 30 a, lat. 56 34 n- Novogorod, Sever/it, a town of Ruf- f.a, capital of a government of the fame Mme. It is feated on the Defna, 340 Nun m 8W Mofcow. Lon. 3: 40 *» 'at 51 ao N. MovoiftotLi, a town of Lithuania, ca- pital III ,1 p.ilatin.itc of the tiime name It Itandu on a hill i in a vail pl.iin. Ho m M by E Wilna. Lon. a6 « k, lat. 53 »5 N- Sovoniirjforot/, a town of Uniria, in the governn\cnt of ( athariiienllaf, 1./" nt WNW Calh.iiincnn.if. Lon. 31 44 '^■t lat. 48 40 N, .\outnit a town of Poland, in tl>e pa- latinate ofCr.tcow.neir which arr mints of gold and filvcr. It is 30 n> s ('racnw. S'oiLiJwo., a town (if Lithuania, in the p.ilatinateof Novogrodek, Ko in '»w Novogroilek. .\o failures nl' woollen cloth and ribands. It waa fornicrly not»'d for a nnnncryi and is (i-atcd on the rivir Anker, 9 m N by v- Coventry, ui.d <^B nw London. Nuujinogodtt., a town of HinduoRan, in My lore, with a ruinous fort, and a jat'gc fquart' tt'inple ; fituatc in the fork foimed by the junction of the Kaundini with the Kcipini, ij m a by K Myfore. Nimuy, a village in Somerfetniire, 5 m sw Frome- Here arc th^ remains of a ftroiig cadle, which \.'as burnt by the parliament forces in (£45. iJurenberg, a city of Franconia (late- ly imperial) capital of a ten itory of the fame name, with a univerfity. It is 6 )n in circuit, fnrrounded by high walls, flanked with 36.<; towers; aiid through thti middle of ii flowb the river Pegnitz» .over which are 6 ftonc bridges and feveral of wood. The inhabitants, efti- ^uted at 30,000, are very induflricus, ^nd good workmen : their maps and prints arc in high efteem, as well as their muflcal and mathematical initru- mentsi nor are they lei's curious in clockwork, and in the feveral manu> fadturesof iron, fttel. ivory, wood, and ^labafter, '1 he btft toys arc made here, . which .ire comn>only known in England by the name of Dutch toys. Here is a famous acndemy fur painting, an anato- mical theatre, and a publiclibrary. The ;mcient caftle or palace is ftili ftanding N YL at th^ rxtwrnity of the city; and the arfen^l i* one ol the bed in Germany. I'he huufen are built of frccllnne, and urr* font or five itories hi;:h. 'I'hough the '(I |{ion is the I.ntheran, thr> church of t'.i- lloly Ghnlt \u\» u v.irivty of re. Iici) a» alio the imperial crown, fcep- tn*, f C(jlogne. It has a college of Auguflme canons, and a trade in coal and deals. It wan takrn by th«r rrrnch in 1794; and is (ealtd on the ICrtl't, near its conflux with the Rhine, 22 m NNW Cologne. Vyborg, a feaport of D»nmark, on the K cuart of the ille of Funen. There- mains of the old p ilace, in which Chril- tian 11 was born, now fcrvei for a ma- gazioe and arieii.d. It h featcd on a bay of tlic Great Btlt, 10 m b Odcnlce. Lon. lo 40 fc, lat. 5<; 30 n. ■Sj/koptng, a town of Denmark, in N Jutland, with a good harl)Our,*on the gulf of Lymfoul. it llanHn on the i fide of the in.iiid of Mors, which is formed by branches of the pnlf, 40 m w by s Alburg. Lon. 8 36 K,lat. 56 52 N. ^y/eopingy a fesport of Denmark, ca- pital of the ifle ol Falftcr, with a royal palace, and one of the befl endowed hofpitals in the kingdom. Ii Hands on a narrow channel, oppofile rhe illc of Laland, 60 m ssw Copenhagen. Lon. II 58 E, lat. 54 50 N. Ni/kopiug, a town of Sweden, capital of Sudcrinania, with a harbour, and the remains of a ftrong callle. It is fcated OH a river of the fame name, near the Baltic, 70 m sw Stockholm. Lon. 17 a; E, lat. 5B 35 n- , . Ni/land, a province of Sweden, m cUv t ind the I ill (termaiiy. frrclionei xnd li^h. Though 'jin, th** church I variety of re- I cruwn, ft-cp- Vhuriwir, and ifid hmilit^ry [ih M Nojcwi igic iiiyht here ; r city without NunnbiKg has tfrri'oryi loo .irc two l.irgf treaty of Tilht, It i* gs ni M WNW Viciiiu. i. Siialiia, in tlir vith » holjxtal, o be I ho liclirll y It \n ntii.\l(; Stiitg.iril ,'^lcM, ill Priiici- Coiiza ' IIiiul(icJ an J culttv.ited iiian the ncigliboiirmK pro* »iiic«*i The chief trade i» In C'ln, cat- tle, plank* linen, attd dtied tilh. The |t>e ol Bort;o i>* in thii nroviuce, liut ilcllinjjion i» the ptiii'Mp.il town. Ni/jht, a town uf Riiini, In the }?o- vrinmcnt of \\ ihiiri^, 00 ihelake 81110:1. Th<' Clitic, which llandu on :i rock in a rifcr, lit ir thct(»wii, ii (lioii^tly foriirud liy D.itiire itid ait' It was taken from the Swcdci, in 171 ), by the KulViam, who ri'ftored it at the piace of Nyllult | liiit it was (tiveii up to the KuIH-iuh by the tfvaty of Abo. It ii 50 m nw Wi- hiir^r. Syjlnt, a town of Kullia, in thr bo- viriiiiiciit of Livoni I, with a canic • I'l.iti-d on the Naiuva, among large iii.icllie*. 10 m t by w Narva. Syjhtilt, a town ol Sweden, in Fin- lai.d I'roper, with a commodioiu har- bour, and a conlidcrablc trade in all kinds of wondci) vtU'els. In 1711 a piMCC was concluded here, between Rudia and Sweden. It i» Ic.ited on a bay of tin" Kulf of Bothnia, 55 m kw Abo L')ii. :i 31 v^ lat. 61 to n. NyJ)cJ, a town of Denmark, on the SK t'oall of the; iflc of Lal.ind. it car- ries on a conlid..rable tr.tde to tin.* northern provinces of Gcrmiiiiy, and id 19 m Eat: Naxkow. O. Oakham, the chief town of Rutland* Ihiri', with a market on Saturday. Near the church are the d< cayiitg walls of an old cattle ; and four fliv.r pennies of the latter Mercian kings were found here in 1749- It has a canal to Melton Mowbray, and (lands in the centre of a fertile diaria, called the Vale of Cat- mofe, a8 m s by k Nottingham, and 95 N by w London. Lun. o 46 w, lat. 51 4» w. . Oukhnmfiton^ a !)oro«gh in Devon- ft'.ir'', governed by a mayor, with a iiiarln ; fee lyokingham- Oaks Creek ; fee Caniaderago. Oaxaca ; fee Guaxaca. Obant a town of Scotland, in Argyle- Hxii, on a bay 3 m to the s of the en* OCA trance uf Loch Etiv« lien* li a cuAoin* hoiife. anti 411 excellent harbour capa* bic of coiita'tiitig iipwaid of 500 mer« «. .ttitmeit, defeiultd Ir >tn the wclitrly u indf , by the iiUiid of Kerera. U U •» m NW Invcrary. Lon. ) at w, Ut> 56 »8 N. Obdtul,,^. town of (Jermany, in Stiria, at the conflux of the Achxa and Traun, 9 m Mr. Juileiibiirg. Obtrkirtht a (own of Su.tbia, 15 m I Strafburg, and ,so w by r^rf.}/t^ R lliont,' liiwii At hnruprnn Tii)it(,y,iii ApMrii.i, .tiul .in .uctiliiilii)|)'4 fee It ft-tiiilt oil ilir MW lUtfof A l.iki* to which it givm n.iiiu'. formtil !>/ the rivtr Diino, 76 m ^ Dunxxu. I.011. tl I ►• lit. 41 40 N. Othjt»/urt, R low of I'VAncnnl), in ihe priiicip,itily of Wiirtyhurif, icatcJ on the Mainr, 10 m »« Wurt/huig. Otl\/'tnhayjtnt a town nf Siiihh, nr.ir which I* R l.itr prirtCi'ly ahtwy. It ii 14 in H tJlin,iinil 40 umw Aiit(ll)iir)r. 0/^i/rt a tiviT nf I.owtr J'.ixnny, which rifti in ihe • pirt <»f the iliichy <»f HlUfifwick, 11' vv» liy lioll.ir, Wolfin- buttle, Niitl Hnitilw.ck, .-md join* ihc Alltr, » ot /ti:. (h\nt, ;. fr.iport of St. Dominuo, on a livct .ititl h.iy of ita nanio. lieu ii plenty «>» frcfh u.itir, l.iij'c falt-worlcn, .will alMiinlnncr I'f bi'ivc", (liccp, aiul hogi. h in 45 m ^^ 8t. Ucinln^o. l.un. 70 *6 W, l.it. 18 I J N. Otxnkoiut or dichakof, a (Irong lia^ poit .in«l f«)rtr«(» of RiIiIm, in llie j;i(. vcrnmrnt (irc.tth.iiinc-nl1.-if. It him hern frequently an ohjr^t nf contcft bitvvf'-n the Tiirkn .mil the Kiitri.ttm, m.iny thou- lanclu ot whom have f.«IU-n in thf differ- ent ficgcs it h.-ii iindcrjrorie. It was taken by ftorm by the RulTlans, in 1788, and confirmed to them by the (ubfi-- aui'nt peace. Thi« important place ii the k(*y to both the Bog and Dnieper, rivers of grcut conii-quencc to this part of the empire. It is fcat«d near the Black le.i, on the N fide of the ettuary of the Dnieper, oppolitc Kinburn, 50 m w Chfrfon, and 190 n by t- Con- ftantinople. Loii. 30 30 J- , lat. 46 35 x. Oddena ; fee Cf or/ft del Mina. Odenhacht a town of France, in the department of Mont Tonnerre, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Deux Pouts; feated on the Glun, 34 m sw Mentz. Odenfee, a town of Denmark, capital of the ifle of Fiinen, and a billiop's lee. It fiipplies the greati-lt part of the army v^ith all their leather accoutre- ments, and is particularly famous for gloves. IJere are alfo manufaAures of cloth, fut;ar, and foap. It is fituate on a river, 6 m from th< bay of Stegeltrand, and 90 w by s Copmhagen. Lon. 10 17 E, lat 5530 N. Odtr, u river of Germany, which has its fource in the mountains of Moravia, and flows N loOderberg; then pafles by Raiibor, Oppein, Breflau, and Glo* gaii, in Silefia ; Crnflcn, Frankfort, Lebus, Cuftrin, and Frnwalt, in Bran- denburg ; and Gartz, Stettin, Cnmin, OEL Wolltn, irfidom, and WolK»lt. In Fo. m'-r.inU. Rduw ilti-ltin it foims a laritc Lkiorhay. c.ilh d Gpif* II if?', uiul lh ni and Wolltn. tUriii.rtf, n lowii of Murnvia, on the ciitiHnen of Kilrfia, with a caltle i Ii itid III) the Odi r, at the influx of the Llia, iH m NNw Tefohtii- (Ufihrr<;, a town of Uiandrnhurg, in the Mivhlle mark, fitu.ite on ihr Oder, ij III N\v I liltrin rpt/i fit/It a lown of France, In the «Up.irt[nent of Mont Tonmrrf, lately of Germany, in th - piLtliiAtc of Ihe Ithiiici ft-aied uti till? Selti, 14 m s .Mcnt-r.. iidnnhtim, a town of Franc*', In the tUparimeni tif .Mont Tonncrre, lately uf Germany, in the duchy of Deux Tonts j leatcd on the Glan, near its conflux with the Nahe, jH m »w M«nt/. Odf/f, a leaport of Unlli i, in the jt<'- vernmem of Cuthcrinenfi if, with a fDr- trcfM. Coi-n in the priiic-ipal article of export. I'.: is fcatui on a (;ulfof tin; Black l:-i,44 ^ ^^ by ■ Oc/.O'OW. Lon. 29 ? , K, lat. 46 ;H N. *tdei/^our, a town of Uindooftan, ca- pital uf Jiithpoiir, in the province of Orifl'a. It iH 60 m nk Kultunpour, ,iiid 220 Nw Catt.-ick. Lon. Hj %% K, lat. ai .^7 N. OdUiattit •> town in Ilarhplhire, with a markrt on Saturday. Here are thi* remains ot uii ancient caillc, and of a royal palace, barns, &'c It ii feated on the Bafingftoke canal, 24 m nk Win- chefter, and 42 w by s London. Oeij/t/d, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Magdeburg ; leated on the Allcr, 22 m nl Brunlwick. Oideran, a town of Upper Saxony, in Milnia, fituate near the Flohc, 9 m tNt: Chemnitz. Oe/tind, an idand of Sweden, in the Baltic, t)o m long and 9 btoud, lepar.-it* ed from the coafl ol Gothland, by a f\rait 1 2 m broad in the narrowelt part- The N part has fine forefts and c^uarries of excellent freeftone ; the s part is more level and very fertile ; and they both abound in alum mines. Horkholta is thechief town, feated on the ftrait, 2: m ENE Calmar. Lon. 16 50 t, ht- 5648 N. Oeh, a town of Silefia, capital of a principality of the fame name, with a caftle. It frauds on the river Ocls, 17 m ENE Drcflau. Lon. 1731 v., lat. ji 13 N. iiilf ol R\,'\ 0(;m <\!i-i':t -., !» town i.f npp<»r Rixiiny, In V.M^ii f>i, or Hu/itn^ R town of thf Nr* ilirrl.iiiili. in Llmhuri(, with cotilUlrr- 4hlr m.iiiiit'.u'|iire» of cloth \ ntiiatr i)n lh«* VVfy.c, 4 rii » Nr l.irnhiirK. fV/i*/) All tll^til in thr tt^iltif, Oil the coirt oi l.ivuiii I, At the i'ntr.»iii*<' of th»« ^.iilf «it KikTi. It u 74 in loriK nti'l so l)r town of H.iv.iti.i, Ic4tccl on thr Inn. H m sw itiiikh mt-ri. ()ftliu}(tii, A t«>wii of hu-tbi.*! c.ipit.it of 4 coiiiity of thr Tirne t amr, with a vvill'i'iujowi il rnll.'j/-. It in (ritirl on tin- VVmnly, nin SHfi Donawi-it, .•lul :ii H AnIp.K-h. I.on. lo 40 i, U\. 4H !^ V. O^/'j D/lc, ,in I'lifrenchmfninf Mux- iuiul, cafl up iiy Oll'i, a Naxoii kloK. to ditt-iid Kii^l.ind troni the iiKiiilioiii of th{h|}dn', and I'liiitlliiri', limn the VV)f t»» the Dee (ijfiinlnt a rivir of N>tpteiti which rife* ill tin' Ap«-iiniiii'!«, piH'ei l>y Conr.a and Monti* N'lrdc, f-paraus Ctpitanat.i frt)in difdifata and 'IVrra di llarri, and ciitcru till- KiiU'of Venice, near Uarlt'tta. Ii iH the aiicii'iit Aulidui. f>jfei! ; few Hmia. Olfenbacht 'i town of Ot'rmany, in the circle of Upper Hliini' and cnimly of llVtiiwrg, on the s lidc of tho Maine, 5 in K Frankfort. Offeuburg, a town of Suabia, in Bril- gau, featcd on tl-.c Kiiit/.ig, 10 m sV Strafliiirg. Offidii, a town of Italy, in tin* mar- quiiate of Ancciia, j^ in s Lo»-ftr). ({^tii/u", A liver of the ftati- of Geor- gia, which flows iK by Oeorgetowii, Louilvilli', KIbirtoi), aiu' llaidwici:, and enltis the ocean opp;olite the n end of 0!1al)aw iij.iiul. 18 n s Savanna. Of^erjh^ini, .1 town of IiMnoe, in the il<'partm..'nt of VIont 'roiiiu'rn-, la ely of tJermiiiy, in tlie palatinati; of the Khinei liluate on the Kliine, i; in n Spire. O^/zo, a river that riles in the princi- pality of Trent, eiittrs Italy, and fIov,'s between the provinces of Bcr^'amafco and Brelciano, thr.ui^'h the lake of Ifero, to the boidtrs ol MiUntfe. and tinning St enters Mantuan, where it joins itic Po, above Borgoforte. Ogmo, a town of the kingdom of Siam, fcattd at the Nt. point of the gulf «f Siam, 56 m se Siam. Lon. 101 a3 V>lat. J3 3J N. O II It Ohthrtu, an dhnt In Xhf P.ieini? nciMii, 1 1 m ill circuit. It hi» no liMr- hour, And It mithei lo populitiu nor fi-N lilr f . the III ind* to the m dI it \ yet ih« maituf4^liirei .irf uf n lupiriur kind. I'he cloth \s of a better dii?! atui the fp' ir* .ind « Inbi are better c.ifvrU mu\ polilhid The p 'opt** are litfty and Will nu W, and rt'her hntwiui iluit ihoir uf Oidiritc. I.on. 150 47 w, Ut. at 17 •. '>/!<>. a riv<'r o( the Uoiicd Sutet, whieti h.ii it! fonree in the '\lleg4ny iiionntaiii', in PennfylvanU, and is call* rd the AlleKiiny during; it» \v>w eonrCtt to Piillbiirj, v»li»T.' it irticives thi- Mt>- iiongahel.1, and then t.ikeN the name nf <)!)io. It bmtndw the ttati* of Ohio, Vir^ini^, and KL-inicky in it* whole lent(th; .iiul the oidy tlil idvaiit ^ue it hix, ii a rapi^l, iiift '>'low I.-iuilvilh*, 4 iiiili' and a half Iohk. and about 480 ni from itfi mouth In thi:« plaec the river niti) over a rocky bottom a inil<* bio.iil ; and whi-n the llnun is low, empty boatH only cm pifH, but when hi^h, boats (if ,iiiy biird>'ii m.iy pafi in lately. The Ohio c.irrie» .1 unit unilormity of bri'idth, from 400 to 600 yardi, except the lalt 1)0 m, whiro it in from H-^o 10 goo yards. After a coiide of 11 HH in from Fitlibuitt, in which it recruct many I ir^M' and fmall rivers, it cnlcra the NMIiHippi in lat. j6 5R n. Ohio, our of the Uinted States of Ann-iica, lyin^ between j^H ^o and 42 % N lat. and Ho 18 and 8.4 sj ^ b>ii. It is bounded on the n by the territory of Michigan and Lake Erie, k by Pennfyl- vanta, ''K by Virginia. ^ by Kentucky, and w by Iruliaiia. Thin country, af- firmed to be the molt healthy and fertile Ipot in America, is divided into Hvedil* trikJts; the North Weft, Ciiiciniiata, Chi- licothi», M.irietla, and New C(n)ne«.^liciit. The prircip.tl rivers are the Mnflcingum, Ibn-khocking, and Sciota, which run into tlie Ohio, and tlit C lyahaga, which runs into Lake Eitt. There are no Haves in ihis flatc In 1810 the number of inhabitantH wis a,-}o,76o The larKcIl town is Marietta, bui Chdlicothe is the capital. Ohlattt A town of Siklia, in the prin« cipality of Brieg, with a tine callle. Great quantiiii g of tobarco are pro- duced ii< the neigtib uriutod. It iUndc on th O'' I, I*) m .sk Bieflan. Ohrdr.'f, A t iwn of Uoper Saxony, in TlioMn^ia, witn ,1 eaft!e, and mimerous maniifadturce, a r. svk GoMm. Ohringtn, a town of l-'ianc nia. capi- tal of ttie prineipiiity :kirg, a fortified town of Weft- phalia, cnpi'tal of the duchy of its name, wiih a ciiadcl, in which a governor re- fides. The church of St. L;;mbeit con- tains the tombs of the laft counts of Oldenliurg, wliich are vtry curious. It is leated on the Hunta, aa m w Bremen. Lon. a 6 F, lat 53 7 n. Oldinbin\:^, a town of Lovi'er Saxony, in tiie duchy of IJ )lfl:ein, featcd near the i^altic, :t5 m n Lubcc. Oldendorf, a town of Weflphalia, in the county of Schauenbnrg, ieatcd on the Wtfer, 5 m e Rinteln. OLL Oldenfatl, a town of Holland, in Over- yflel, er.pital of the didrid of Twent. It is . Owtyfffrt, atown ■ Italy, in Milanefc, feated near the N.end of ihe lake Ort 1, 32 m NNw Novara. Owcr, iSV. a fortified town of France, in the department of Pas de Cah'ji. It ()wes its name and importanci. it) ,■' laint, who built a j;ieat nionaPtcry here in the leventli ccncury. Befoi-;- the re- volution it was a l-.ilhop's It-f. The principal church, and that of St. liertin, are ma^'iiitii-eiit. About a kM|;iic frt^m the town is a j:reat morals, in which aie fome floating idands. St. Omer is i'< at- ed on tlie Aa, on the fuie of a hill, 8 m Nw Aire, and 135 .v Paris. Lon. 3 15 r,, lat. 5044 N. Omtnun, a town of Holland, in Over- ylTcl, feated on the Vccht, 17 m ne Deveiiter. Omm'irah'th ; lee Morbejjs. Omoa, a t ivvn of New Spain, in Honduras, with a Itronj- fortrefs. It was taken by the Britilh, in 1779, by efoalade; btir the ^arjifoD left could not remain lonir in poirHiiMi, It is fta'td on the i)ay of H'-ndur.Ls, Ho m nnw \'al- ladolid. Lon, 88 17 \^', lat. 15 40 x-. Omjk, a town and fintu-fs of Riiilia, in the goveniment of Toboilk, at the conflux of the Om with the Irtylh, 350 m SK Toboilk. Lon. 74 54 t, lat. 54 14 V. Onate, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, with a univerfuy, aa m ssw Tolofa, and 32 SK Bilboa. Onecote, a vill ige i.i StalTordlliire, 8 m N by u Cheadle, noted for the rich copper mines in its vicinity. (hiee/fo-Ws one of the Sandwich iflaiitls, in the Pacific ocean, 15 m w Atooi. The k coaft is iiich, and rifes abruptly from the Tea, but tiio other parts conlilt of low ground, piKS Owij-flr, a town in ICfftx, with a iruirkci on Saturday, is m w Chtlmi-ford, and 21 knk London. OngoUf a town of Hindooflan, in the Carnatic, capital of a circar of its name. It 18 78 m S8W CondapHly, and 166 n by \v Madras. Lon. 79 ?6 e, lat. 15 .-.8 n. OnohJiach ; fee An/pack- Onondatro, a town of New York, in the count? of its namt', with a caftie, and formerly the ehi«f town of a tribe of Indians, called Ortondagos. It is feated on Onordago lake, 32 m s by e Olwrgo> and 38 wsw Oneida. Lon. 76 26 w. iat. 4248 N. OncNdaqo, or Sa/t Lake, a lake of NevvY(;ii», in Oiiondiigo county, 5 m long and a mile brc ad. Its waters pro- ceed from fait fprings which are capa- ble cf producing 'mmenfe quantities of fait, and it fi'uds th^m to Seneca river. Onoulaj^o, or flfivego, a river of New York, which ifTues from the w end of laice Onf ida, and flows 74 m to lake Ontari* , at the town of Ofwego. It is boatable, except a fall that occafions a pottage of 20 yards. Onore; fee lionaivera. Outujl, a fmalf ii'land near the coaf?- of Java, at the mouth of the Iv rbour of OON Hatavi.i. Ilrre the Dutch repaired thciii (liips and had iavjje warelioufi's, which arc now poirefTd by the Enghili. Ontario, .1 lake of N America, fituatc betweru 75 and 79 w lon. and 41 and 44 N iat. It is iJ!o m long, 50 broad, and 500 in circuit. On its sw part it receivrx the waters of Lake F.rie. by the river Niagara ; and near the SF the Oiinndago river, by which it communi- rates, through Oneida lake and ttp Woodcvefk, with IVio lavvk river. On tiie NK is its outlet, the river Irot^uoij, or St. Lawrence. It abounds with filh, aniosig which are the Ofwfgo lafs, wiiiThing three or four pounds. Tin; ifl.u'ds are all at the v. end, t!ie clnet" of which are Wolf, Amhcilt, RuHians, who le of fubjeftioii. them with fub- Ibme meafure, is chiefly corn- upper paiment, va};oiHM's frock, tes. Bcrulethis, ir two, ;i pair of \ a pair of boots, formed of fome ut the foles and Uuflia leather, lals, bivd8, roots, weed, compofe not appear to be nor to want any jt fewing needles, d of bone. With noes, make their ious embrqidcry. ufe the fibres of icknefs required, ■d by the females, ailors, uiid boat- fa (SI nre mats, and h are both iUong ncatncfs and per- heir works ihtiw nt in ingetiuity he E extremity of :ape Providence. 1 40 N. elt ifland of ths abou* aco m in extremity oftt^e OR A penlnfiila of AUfka. At its w end is .1 cape of the (ame name. Lon- 165 30 w, lat. 54 30 N. Set I'ox IjlandS' Oojiborch, a town and fort of the Ne- therlands, in the ide of Cadfand, 4 m NE Sluys. Oojlenby, a town of Sweden, in the ifle of Oeland, 27 m a Borkholm. Ootampaliam, a town and fort of Hindooltan, in the country of Dindigul, 58 m sw Dindigul. Lon. 77 a6 e, lat. 9 43 N. Ootatortt a town of nmdooftan, m the Carnatic, a» m nnw Tanjorc, and 80 sw Pondicherry. Op/ieim, a town of Norway, in the province of Bergen, 45 m nne Bergen. '^/lorto.or Porto, a city and leaport of Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho, and a bifliop'8 {cc It is by nature al- moft impregnable; and is noted for its itrontr wines, of which large quantities arc exported to England; vhence all red wines from Spain or Portugal are called Port wines. The other chief ex- ports are oranges, lemonsj &rc. and linen cloth to Brafil. Its commerce greatly increafed after the earthquake at l.ifbon, in 1755; before that time the popula- tion was eiiimated at 20,000, and it is now faid to be 50,000. It is I'eated on the fide of a mountain, near the river Douro, which forms an excellent har- bour, 147 m N by £ Lilboo, Lon. 8 22 w, lat. 41 10 N. Oppehf a ftrong town of Silefia, ca- pi'ai of a principality of the fame name, with a catholic collegiate church. It has a great trade in wool, and ftands on the Oder, jo m SE Breflau. Lon. 18 o E, lat. 50 39 N. Oppenheim, a town of France, in the department of Mont Tonnerre, lately of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine. The vicinity produces excellent wine. It is feated on the fide of a hill, 12 m SHE Mentz. Oppido, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, at the foot of the Apennines, 25 m NE Reggio. Opp'tdot a town of N^.ples, in Bafili- cata, 5 m sse Accrenza. Oppnrg, a town of Upper Saxony, in Milhia, with a caftle, 4 m wsw Neu- ftadt. Orac/if a town of European Turkey, in Bofnia, near the river Drino, 60 m sw Belgrade. Ora», a city and fcaport of Algiers, in the province of Malcara, with an ex- cellent harbour, almoft oppoiite Cartha- gena, in Spain. It is built on the fuie and at the foot of a mountain, which everlooks it from the n and nw ; and OKA on the ridge of this mountain arc twi caftles that command the city on the one fide and the town of Ma/alquiver on the other. To the s and se are two other cultles, on a level with the lower part of the city, but I'eparated from it by _ a deep.wmding valley, through which flows a rivulet of excellent water. Oran was taken by the Spaniards in 1509, and retaken in 1708. In 1733, tlic Spaniards became mailers of it again. In 1790, it was deftroycd by an earthquake, little befide the exterior walls being left (landing ; and 2000 per- fons perilhed. It has fince been evacu- ated by the Spaniards, who wher they were firft mailers of the place built fe- veral churches and other edifie;'s in the manner and ftyle of the Roman archi- tedlure. It is feated on a bay of the Mediterranean, 325 m wsw Algiers. Lon. o 5 w, lat. .^5 58 n. Oranfre, a city of France, in the de- partment ofVaucleull", lately a bidiop'a fee. It was an important place in the time of the Romans. A triumphal arch, 200 paces from the town, was formerly within its limits ; and here are alio the remains of a fine amphitheatre, fome aquedudls, &:c. The fortifications were demoliflicd by Lewis xiv, in 1683. Orange was the capital of a principality of the fame name, 17 m long and 13 broad, given by Charle- magne to William au Gornct, as a re- ward for his military fervices. It was poflefled fucceflUvely by the houfeo of Beaux, Chalons, and NaflTau ; and on the death of William iii of England, in i7o2t Frederic William of Pruflia claimed this principality as his heir. Lewis XIV had feized it during the war with king William ; but he exchanged it in 17 13, with the king of Pruflia, for the town of Geldrcs. The city is feat- ed in a fine plain, on the river Aigue?, 13 m N Avignon, and 57 s Valence. Lon. 4 49 E, lat. 44 9 N . Oranje^e, or Orangedale^ a town of New Jerley, in Ellex county, with an academy, 6 m nw Newark. Orangeburg^ an inland diftri*5l of S Carolina, comprehending the counties of Lewifburg, Orange, Lexington, and Win ton. Orangeburg, a town of S Carolina, in Orange county, capital of lhedifl:ri»5t of its name It ftands on the n branch of the Ediflio, 75 m Nw Charlefton. Lon 80 42 w, lat. 3.5 3j N. Orangetowfi, a town of New Y.)rk, in Orange county, on the vv fide of the Hudfon, oppofite Philiplburg, and if m N Ne-.v York. «ii%,*v- m ORE Orangetown, a town of the didridl of Miiinct in Wafliingtou county, fuatcd near the co«lt, 19 m from M:ichia8. OranienbauM, a town of Upper Sax- ony, in the duchy of Anbault Dcflau, 6 m se Deflhu. Oranii»ba»m, a town of Kiiflia, in Ingria. Hert; is a royal palace, built by prince Menzikoff, afterward converted into an hufpital ; but much ufcd as a vcfidence by Pcxer iii. It is feated on the gulf of Finland, lo m w Fcterfburg. Oraiiienburg, a town of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark, anciently called Bietzow. It takes its prefcnt name from a villa built by tlie margrave, and is iituate on the Havel, 18 m n Berlin. (■ranmorf, a town of Ireland, in the county of Galway, at the Nt extremity of Galway bay» 7 m e by s Galway. Oratava, a tovvn on the w fide of the i(,',»nd of Tenenff, and the chief place cf trade. It is feated at the bot- tom of an amphitheatre of mountains, out of which rifes the Pike of TencrlfF. Its port is ai 3 m diliance. Lon. 16 24 w, lat. aB J3 N. Orbajj'an, a town of Piedmont, 6 m sw Turin. Orbct a town of Swiflerland, in Pays de Vaud, with a bold lingle-arched bridge over the river Orbe, ao m w by s Fribuig, and 32 wsw Bern. Or be, a town of Germany, in the late electorate nf Ment/, celebrated for fult- wotl R, 26 m E Frankfort. Orbitcl/o, u leaport of Italy, capital of Stati) delli Prtfidii, with a good harbour protected by fever 15 12 e, lat. 59 18 N. Onfrrundy a fennort of Sweden, in Upland, on the gulf of Bothnia, uppo- iitc the ifland of Graion. The harbour is defended by a mole. It is 46 ni nf Upfal, and 70 n by R Stockholm. Lou. 18 15 u, lat. 60 £0 V. Orel^ or Orloft a government of Ruf- fia, once a province of ihe government of fJielgorod. The capital is of the fame name, feated between the Oka and the Orlik, and keyond thefe two Itrcami; are the Aiburhs. In the centre of the city is the market- houfe, the ihops of which are ilocked with all forts of Ri.f- fian and Greek commodities. The Oka lere begins to be navigable, and the chief trade is in corn, hemp, and glafs. Orel is 200 m ssw Mofcow. Lon. 35 20 K, lat. 53 o N. Orellana, a town of Spain, in Kftre- madura, leated near the Guadiana, £(1 m t; Merida. Orenburg^ a town and forlrcfs of Si- beria, capital of a province of the fanie name, in the government of Ufa. It is a place of confiderable commerce, and feated on the Ural, 260 m sse Ufa. Lon. 55 4 E, lat. 51 46 N. Orenj'et a city of Spain, in Galicia, and a bifliop's fee. Hero are fome cele- brated tepid and hot fprings. It is fc.ited at the foot of a mour.tnin, on the liver Minho, 47 m se Compoftella. Lon. 7 48 w, lat. 42 24 v. Or/a, or lioha, a city of Afntic Tur- key, in Diarbek, formerly called EdefTa by the Greeks, and faid to be the Ur of the Chaldees. The walls are 3 m in circumference, defended by fquare towers, and on a rocky hill to the s is a flately caflle It has a good trade, par- ticularly in carpets and yellow leather; and has a canal to the liuphrates. The country round is fertile in corn and fi nit ; and the city is a great thoroughfare from Syria into Perfia. It is feared near the Scirtus, 85 m sw Diarbekir, and 120 NE Aleppo. Lon. 38 46 t, l^t. 37 S ^' Orford, a town of New Hamplhire, in Grafton county. The foap-rock, which has the property tf fullers eaith ORf In df nnfinj? cinth, is fourifl in ifn neigh- bourhood; Alio a gr.iy floric in g.eat «1fm:unl for milifton-a It is fru iie on the Cf»rini'(?ticiit, ii in n lliiujvcr. OrfirtI, a h<)rou..;I» in SciU'olk, ^,'ovrrn- rd l)y a mayor, with .1 market on \l(»ii- diy. Ilrrc nrf the rt-rniiih" ofa caltlt*, uliich. witli tin* oluirch, .ire a fVa:nailx. It is fe.iti'd near ttic (I'u. hHwt'cii Xwo c'lafiiiels. iK m K by N Iplwicli, and aa N. Loiulon. (hjhrti Si-fs, a cape of England, on l!n; SK t otft of Sull'cx, vvherf a li^'iit- lioull- i« eji'it«d for the dirt«;tion of Ihips. I,nn. I 6 k, lit. 51 4 n. Or^fzz, a town of Spain, in New Caf- tijc. with a cdlle, 15 n» s Toledo. (hi^flft, a town of I'VaiiCf, in the dc- partnunt of Jura, at tiie limrce of the Vaionfc, ;to m ssw Salins. (>r[riva, a town of Spain, in the pro- viiu.-e of Gniiada, 1501 s Granad.a. Oria, a town of Naples, ir» TtTra d'Otranto, with an ancient cadK", lo m E Tarcnto. (hi'ut, a feaport of France, in thft department of Morbihan, fc;ited on a h:iy, at the month of the Scorf. It wa^ bnilt, in ijio, by the Fn-nch E India Company, who made it the exclufive mart of their commerce. Tlic harbour, defended by a citadel oppofite Port Louis on the fame bay, can contain hut a finall number of men of war. Tiie Kngli(h altc;iipted to become mafters of it in 1 74 A. but mifcnrried. It is 24, m w by N Vannes. Lon. 3 10 w, bt. 47 4t N- Oiihneln, a city of Spain, in Valencia, and a bifliop's fee, with a iinivcifity, Jiii'l a citadel built on a rocl?- Here arc made cm ions fnufT-boxes, with the r;i )ts ot the terebinthus, much efteemed for preferving Spanifli liiiifF. It i,s feanul ill a feitile country, on th»^ Sej;ura, 36 m N Carthagena, and 96 ssw Valencia. Lon. 1 3 w, lai. 38 8 n. Orio, a town of Spnin, in Bifcay, at the month of the Orio, 8 m wsw St. Sehaftian. Orijfa, a province of the Deccan of Hmitoolhri. bounded on the n by liahar and Bfnjjal, vv hy Berar, s by Golconda, and H by tfie bay of Bengal. The dif- tri(ft of Mi Inapour, in thi.s province, is Aibjedt to the Eoglifh E India Company ; hilt all the reft belongs to the Berar Mahrattas. Ori/Iaifni, a fortified town of Sar- dinia, and an archbilhop's fee, with a good harbour. It is but thinly inhabit- ed, and feated on the w coaft, on a bay of . ? fame name, 42 m Nw Cagliari. Lon. a 51 6, lat. 39 S3 «. <^ 11 K Oriraha, a tov%n of New Spain, in TlafcaU. It has inaiiufaCtures of cioth. and the vicuiity proiluces abundance of tol):icr(». To the Nw is the Hike of Oil/ lb), a volcano, and, after tiie I'o- por ifcpcft, the molt elevated mountain in New Spain Ori/.abu is leated near the Blanco, which flows to the lake of Alvarailo, 50 m Wiw Vera Cruz, and 6S t by s Puehla. Orketud, a town of Sweden, in Scho* nen, :4 m m Cluiltianltadt. Orhtfi/St or Orkufy Ijlnnds, the an- cient Orcadip, a dultcr of iflinds to the N of Scotland, from which they are fe- pirated by Pent land Frith. They lie between 57 35 and J9 16 N lat. and are upw.ird of 30 in ttiimber, of which one greatly exceeds the other in extent. . This, like the principal one of Shetlandt U lomc times dignified with the appella- tion of Mainland, but is more fiecjuently called Pomona. Heyond this ifland, ti> the NF. are feen, among others. Row/a, E«lilha, Weltra, Shapoiiilba, Ed.a, Stronlii, Sanda, and N UonaKha; and to the s appear Hoy, and S Ronallha, with others of inferior note, many of them (m dl and wholly appropriated to the paflurage of flieep. The whole group contained 24 445 inhabitants in 1801, and 23.238 in 181 1. The cur- rents and tides which Haw betwte.i thefe iflinds are rapid ami dangerous; and near the fmall ille of Svvinna ar>i two whirlpools, very dangerous to ma- riners, cfpecially in calms. The it*a- coaft fwarms with feals and otters, and is vifited by whales, cod, ling, haddocks, herrings, and other filh; and on the fhnres are found large oyfters, mufcles, cockles, &c. The iflands are vilited by eagles, falcons, wild geefe, and ducks in great variety, herons, hawks, gulls, &c. Springs of pure water are found in all the mountainous parts of thefe iOands ; and there are numerous lakes and rivu- lets abounding in fiQi. The heath, on the mountains, ftielters groufe, plovers, • fiiipes, &c. but there are no partridges, hares, nor foxes. There are great num- bers of fmall (lieep and beeves The prodiifl^s of the valleys and plains are big and oats, but no other fort of grain. I'Accpt junipcrj wild myrtle, heath, and a flirub called cyor-hordon, there i^ fcarce a tree or plant to be leen ; but this nakednefs cannot have been their former ftate, as many trunks of large oaks are to be found in all the moflea. The climate of tTiefe idands in fummer is moid and cold ; but in winter there is never much Ihow, and that lies only a ihort time. Preceding the autumnal 2 M C) R L O R M o6« tturms of wind, rain, and thunder, ncres, planted with ^^^k and otner valu* For alMHit tlir«e wccka in midfummtT, able trrea. Orletns is 30 m mc Qluir, they enjoy th«* rays of tli« (tin atmoft and 60 ssw Parii. Lon. 1 j^ >, lat. 4^ without intermiflion 1 but for the fame 54 n. fpace in winter, that luminary hanily riir«^ii ubovc the horizon, and h common- 1/ obfcurcd by cloiidn and mifts- In this gloomy reiifoii, the abliencc of doy is fupplied partly by moonlight, and Orleantt an ifland and tovvD of Lower Canada, in the rivci St> Lawrence, a little to the V. of Quebec Lou. 69 jo W, lat. 47 o V. Orleans^ NeWf a territory of the Unit- gartly by th« radiance of the Aurora ed Stateu of Americri, lying on the gulf oiealis, which here iifives a light nearly of Mexico, and including the mouths eouil to that ol the moon. The coafts of the Milliirippi, at the se extremity of alTord niimcrouA bays and harbours for Louifiana. It is by far the moft popu* the fithcrifS. The chief exportg are Ions of the territorial governments be. lincnaiid woollenyarn,(lockings,buttcr, longing to the United States, and in drif'd fifh, herrings, oil, feathers and i8to contained 76,556 Inhabitants, fkins of various kinuH, and kelp. The Orltwu, New, a city of the United Englilh language prevails in all thefe States, capital of the territory of the iflandw, although there are many words fnmc name. It was bi'ilt in 1720, under in the Node, or Norwegian, ftill in ufe- The inhabitanis have the general ch*- ra^ter of being fingjl, fagacious, cir- cumfpeft, religious, and hofpitabie; bui- the common people are much ad- dicted to lupcrftttion, and though in- the regency of the duke of Orleans, and intended to have been the metropolis of Louifiana, but the deiign proved abor- tive. In 1788, fcven-eighths of it were deUroycd by fire, but it was (bon re- built on a regular plan, and is become ured to great fatigue, will ne'lher work a place of con fiderable importance, both nor go to fca on particnia» unlucky on account of its commerce and popu- days. The iflands of Orkney 3nd Shet- lation. It is fortified on the fuies ex- land ronftilute one of the counties of pofed to the land, and has a canal that Scotland, and it lends a member to par- pailes 6 m n to the ^ake Pontchartran, liament- The number of inhabitants in 181 1 was 46,153. Orlamumla, a town of Upper Sax- ony, in Thurin^ia, feated on the Saal, oppofite the influx of the Orla, 40 m W8w Altenburg. Orlando, a cape on the K coaft of Sicily, ij m w by N Patti. Lon. 154 E, lat. 3H 14 v. Orleanoh, a late province of France, divided by the river Loire into the Upper and Lower. It is a very plentiful coun- try, and now forms the department of Loiret. where there is a tort. On the fide next the river it is open, and fecured from iniindiitions by a railed bank, to which velfels can lie clofe, and receive or dif* charge their cargoes as at a wharf. From the advantages of its (ituation, it is be- coming a general receptacle for the produce of tne extenlive countries on the MifliflTippi and its various branches, which are fhipped hence for Mexico and the W India Iflands. The inha- bitantsarc eftimated at 15,000. In 1812, the buildings of the city, ved* Is in the river, and country around, fufFered great OrUunst a city of France, capital of damage by a hurricane that continued the department of Loiret, and a bifliop's (ee. It is feated on the Loire, and has a canai thence to the Loing, near Mont- argis. Under the Ions of Clovis, it was the capital of a kingdom. In 1418, it flood a memorable fiege againftthc Eu- npwaid of four hours. It is feated on the I! fide of the E and main branch of tt\e Mifliflippi, 80 m from its mouth, and 490 s New Madrid. Lon. 89 59 w, lat. 29 58 v. Orienga, a town of Ruflia, in the gO' glifh, which was raifed by the celebrated vernmcnt of Irkutfk, fituate on the Joanof Arc,c2Ued the Niaid of Orleans. Lena, 235 m ir Irkutik. Lon. 105 4t it is now confidered as one of the larg^ft e, lat. 560 k and moft pleafant cities in France; and its commerce confifts in ftockingSjOieep- ikins, Aine, brandy, corn, grocery, and particularly fugar, which is brought raw from Nantes and Rochelle. The fauj^- bourg of Paris is of a prodigious length- and that of Olivet, on the left fide of the Loire, has a communication with the a fhort fpire. It is 11 m n by x Liyer' •ity b^ a bridge of nine arohee. Noar pool, and 209 nmw Loa<2oR. Or/ofi fee Orel. Ormea, a town of Piedmont, on the river Tanaro, la m s Mondovi. Ortn/iirk, a town in Lancalhire, with a market on Tuefday. The church ii remarkable for its two fteeple.., placed contiguous, one a tower and the other O R 6 Ormr/i, acrlebr.itnl ilK^ml, In x ftraU of thetl^tnp niirr.r.at the nitraiicc of the guK'olPi-rfi.*, y m »E OoL^bron. It J 'bout ij m in circuit, anil fiu ms to b<; a in:in of rncki and iht-IU th.owii up ()«/ a' i'llfutconvuinoii oi'natiire. In 1507, tlid "'ortugiiclt' were pcrtnittnl to Wnm .1 li:tlli'fr!"iit here ; anil it \v,ih af'.eriv.ird frtqucoted by a number ol rich mer- ch.ints. In 1621, th'j Perfum, liy the adiitance of the EnKli(h, expelled the Portiigucf-, and demoliflied the build- ingi. Some time after, the Prrfnns r«:- bui.'t the lort, and •hough they could H rtr brin^ it to be .1 puce of ti.iile as bcfovi*, It 18 iVill the key ofthe gulf of Pcrfi3» on account of the coinmodiDiif- nefi r,i' the harboi;r. It is almoll (1< • ferted i for it produces nothinfj but fait, which fometimes is two inches deep upon the furface of the caith. Lun. 56 IJ K, lut. 27 12 N. Ornans, a town of FrPiicc, in the de- partment olDoiibs, fc.tl.d on the Lou- vre, 10 m 8K Bcfangoii. Ornr, a department of France, includ. ing tlie late province of Pirche and part of that of Normandy. It takes its name from a river which rifes in the depart- mi nt, and ruii8 into thi; Englifh chan- nel, 8 m below Caen. The capital L Alen(;on. Oronoh,a river of 'J erra Firma, which ilTues from the fmall lake Ipava, in lat. 5 5 N, flows K and be to the lake Parima, from which it runs toward the w; but after receiving the Guiviari, it bends u, then nk and e till it enters the Atlantic by an extended delta of mouths. Seven of thefe branches are navigable, but only the two extreme onea are proper for large vefTels ; the firft, called the Manamo, branches off oppofitc the town of St. Thomas, and flows N to the gulf of Paria ; the other, which is the main flream, continues its courfe ro the e, and enters the ocean in lat. 8 30 N. In its Angular winding cou'fe, efiimated at 1400 ra, it receives many large rivers; and its chief eftuary is (o deep and impetuous, that it ftems the tide, and preferves the frelbnefs of its water to within 12 leagues of the fea. In September it overflows its banks^ and fertilizes the adjacent plains. See Paritna. Oronfa, a fmall fertile idand of Scot- j land, one of the Hebrides, to the s of Colonfa, from which it is feparated by a narrow channel that is dry at low 1 water. Here are the ruins of an abbey, I with many fepulchral ftatues, and fome I curious ancient fculpture. Oropefa, a town of Spain, in Valencia, OR V with a caftle, on .1 cape of its name, U llie Mcditerr:4nean, 55 m nnk V altncia. Lon. 5 K, Lt. 40 8 N. Ontpefu, a town nf Spain, in Old Caf- t'lc, ,,4 m KSB Placirnti.1, and 6; w Toledo. Ort/>./'a, in Peru ; fee Cochabamba. (h't):t*n'i 't ll'e Vrmia, Or;-, ■« river of Scotlant, in Kirkcud- brightlhirc, which iflues from a frilall I ikf tt tiie K o\ New Galloway, and llowHto Solway FritU, at Dalbeattie Or/hit, a town of Lithuania, in the j^overnmeiit of Mohili-f, with a callle, ltal«*(l on the Dnieper, 41 to n Mohilcf. (irjbva, a town and fortrela of Uppct Hungary, on the conliiks of Scrvia, ful.jctft to the Turks. The Ibrtrcfs was befic^jed by the Aiidrians in 1790, but without Inc'.els. It Itands on tin; n fide of the Danube, 60 m st Ttmcfwar, and 75 h. Belgrade- Lon. 22 40 e, lat. 45 >o N. Orfo;/, a town of France, in the do- parinieiit of Roer, lately of Germany, In tlu; duchy 0/ Clevc, fcited on the Rhine, 20 m sk CIcyc. Ortat a town of Italy, in the patri- mony of St. Peter, fcated near the Ti- ber, 10 m E Viterbo. Orta, a town of Italy, in Milanefe, feated on a lake of the fame namt?, 26 m NNw Novara. Ortt^alt a cape and caflle of Spain, on the N coall of Galicia, 30 m nne Ferrol. Lon. 7 39 w, lat. 43 46 n. Ortenbtr^^ a town of Germany, in Wetteravia, with a caftle, fituatc on tho Nidder, 17 m su Gicfon. Ortenburg, a town and citadel of Ba- varia, in a county of the fame nnme, leated near the river Vils, 1 o m w PafTau. Ortenburgt a town of Germany, in Carinthia, on the s b^nk of the Orave, oppofite the influx of the Lifer, 3a m wClapenfurt. Orthes, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Pyrenees, leated on the fide of a hill, by the river Pau, 20 m Nw Pau. Ortortt a town in Weftmorland, with a market on VVednefday, 10 m iw Ap- pleby, and 276 nnw London. Ortona a Maret a town of Naples, In Abruzzo Citra, on the gulf of Venicei 13 m E Civitadi Chi(?ti. Ortrnnd, a town of Upper Saxony, in Milnia, on the borders of Lufatia, 16 m NE Meiffen. Orvicto, a fortified town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, capital of a territory of the fame name, and a bi- flrop's fee, with a m:«gnificent palace and a fine Gothic cathedral. It Is leated z M z •n A critggy rock, tn'ar tl>«' conflux of the P.iglia and ( 'hiait;i, jo m N w Komc. Lon. II 3o f, Ut. 41 4} N. Orurn, n fown of Pt rii. capital of a junf.lic'tlon of t ic fame rumi*, in the au(Iicncy cold and ftlvfrininfi It u i(o m Nw Puta. Lon. 6M 30 w, lat iH 10 >. Orivi-flt^i rivrr in Suffolk, which flowi • K hy Ipfwich, and uniting with the Stoiir, formB ihr finf harbour of Ilar- UMch. Above Ipiwicli, it lit callwa. ovir which are fcvtral britl»!t3 of ctdar, 34 m s by w Miaco. Lon 136 5 •■:, lat. .■^'; ^ N. Ojr/iaiz, a t(»wn of Upper Saxony, in Milnia, with a college, and Ibme tnanufadurcH of cloth; ft.itfd 011 the Chfmnitz, 16 m nw M«'i(r»'i>. Oj'fro, an ifl.\nd in the gulf of Vmice, having that t>f Clurio on the n, lu which it is joined by a bridge- The ca- pital is of the famiMiaine. Lun. 1530 £» lut. 44 j6 N. Ojhmiana ; fee O/zmiana- O/itno, a town ot Italy, in the mar- quiiate of Ancona, fcated on the Mu: lonf, I a m ssw Ancona. Ojiot ; lit' Siout Oj'ma, a ciiy of Spain, in Old Cad lie, and a bilhop's li'f, with a univerfity. It i:> almo(lgon« to ruin, and the cathedral and epifcopal palace arc at Borgo d'Of- ma, a little tu the v . It (lands on the Doiiro, 48 in SE Durgos, and iii ene Madrid. Lon. 2 y. w, lat. 41 50 K. Oj'nabuF^, or Ojhabruck^^i principality (lately a bilhopric; ot' Germany, in the circle of Wtflphalia, between the ter- ritories of Muniter, Ravi nfbeig, Teck- lenburg, Lingeii, Diephoitz, and Min- ilen. It is 40 m long and 20 broad, produces much corn and flax, and plen- ty «)f turf, coal, and marble. The moft bentficial manufaiflure is a coarfe kind of linen, which is exported to diitant parts. In 1802, this principality was given to the eleflor of Hmover ^ and in 1807, by the treaty of Tilfit, it was an- nexed to Weltph.nlia. Ofnabur}^, a fortified town of Weft- phalia, capital of the principality of the fame name, with a caftle and a univer- fity. It is celebrated for a treaty of peace concluded between Germany and Sweden, in 1648, in favour of the pio trftant religion The catholics and pro- teftants have each two churches ; and S I the m.igiftrat's are Luihrrms. It ii I'eated on the Ila(e, 25 m v by K Mim (Icr. Lun. 7 54 K, lat j: rH N. O/'trno, a town of Chili, fcated on the Rio llucno, in a tfrritA)ry where thi-re arc mincM of gold, 80 m s Valdivia. Lon. 7,1 20 w, Ut. 40 fH ». O'ruJtnafA town of Wiftcrn Tartary. in Turkcltan, capital of a provincf (.| the famcnime. It is 80m N\KS.im.ir cand, and a6o t Taraz. Lon. 66 :o 1 , lat 40 40 N. Ojfi, or OJeti, one of the fi-ven Cm- cafian nations, between t!i(* Dtaek fi.i and the Cifpian; bounded on the n hy Great Kabardah, k by the I<* Ignis 'I'jir. tars, and ■*< and w by Imtriti.i It con- taint* 19 diflrids, of which oni- is f^hj^^i to Imeritia, and the others to Ceorgi.i, Thrfe diflrifls are of very unequal iizr ; fomt containing only rive,;ind othert 50 vi'lages, e;ich of which comprili; from 20 to 100 families. Their language li„i foiiie analogy with th.it of the I\iiiiii. Their hiliory is mtirely uiikiuivMi, The Circafiians and Tartars c.ill thtm Kufha. OJola ; fee Domo d'Oj'eh. (^orj/, the weftcrii divifiun of Oiicr:i county, in Ireland. It givcji name tu a bininpric, but the cathedi'il is now at Irifhfcwn, in the county of Kilkenny, Ojpma, a town of Spain, in And.ilii. fi.i, wilh a I'liiverlity. It war) forii;erly ftronp, but left by its ramparts tha: l-y a fountain in the middle of the tcwn, which furniflies the inhabitants witli water, while the country for 8 in roiiiul is totally dej^rived of that necefTary ar- ticle. It is 50 m E by N Seville. Lon. 5 8 w, lat. 37 22 I*. Ojhlric, a town of Spain, in (\it.i- Ionia. It had 3 ftrong caflle, which was taken by the French, a. id d«mo!iili5ril to fiirrrmlcr to the I'mich. OlU-rul ih u m w Hi'|i((r»t Mu\ 12 Nil Diiitkirk. Lon. 4 56 c 'at. 51 14 f'. Ojhrby- a town of fvvfdfn, in \l[t- linii' llcic arc lineltln^ h iiifi'& and for;:»'!i ; nnd n»Mr i' i« t>ir iron none of iVitiirmora, (hem.ift i-t-li hriiitd In Swe- den It iH .)o m NNh Uul'.il. Ojler/io/en, a town of l.ov^cr liavarla, fcitid on tht DAMuliC, 2 J in wnvv i'.(r»ii. Ojlerodff a town of Lower Saxony, in the princip^ihty of Giuhenhagtii. lltTi'iii -« maniifa(^uri> of woolltMi lltin's; jIIo a m^tgazinc for corn, wliich it* di?- 1 Vfrtci out to till- miners of Harz fortH, ,it a fixed price. It it) Icatcd on the Sail. 18 m NNfc Oottin^en. Ojhrodif, a town of W PiuHTm, witlj ac,«ltlei fituHteon the Dribcntz, 46 in sK Marienhirg. OjlfrJ'unJ, » town of Sweden, capital ofjemptia. It is leatcd on the u lidu of the lakt: Storfio, 76 m Nw Suiiilfwuld. i.on. 16 10 v., lat o.^ 10 K. Oj?er. till) uliirper, who wan killed on thr lirlt oiiCfl ; and here he lift Uf»lhe fiirt crofj in ihi- kingdom of Nortfuimlirrland. f)j'-wgo, A town 4iid Ibrt of lli«* Uati* of Ni w York, fe.itid on thf *»► lide of Lake Oniatio, at the mouth of a river of tin- (.tow n.''mt, more ct)mmonly c4ll<'d Oniinda^o. It w.i« taken from the Fr.rioh, in i'/56, by the Hrifilh, who dclivcrtd it np to thf U'itcd Sai<-a, in 17^6. It in 1 20 m K by N Ni^tgara, and i_To WNW Albany. Lou- 76 41 w, lat. 4} n N. OjVjeiczfn. a t>>wn of P.d.ind, in the palatinate of Cnicow, llattdon the Vif- iiil I. ,ji r.i w by s Cr now. Oywfjhtf a town in Shropfliire, ){o» vridtil f»y ;, (nay >r, with a m.irktt on WtdiitfdHy. it hail .1 wall and a caftle, \o\\^ a(;o dcmolinicit ; and has liimt; trad*' (rom Wales in flnnu-ls. It is i!i m NW Shrewsbury and i7() London. (ij\miiniii, or Od'miu/m, a town <>f Lithuania, ill tin* palalimtc of \^ ilna, fitnatc on the liere/inya, ji ni sk Wilna. Otti/ut, one ot the 8o(.iety ill mdf, in the Pacific ocean. It lieb N ot Ulitcit ; and i;i divided from it by a lli jit, which, in the narrowtit part, is nut irorc than 2 m broaf»t the lhouUI;*r. lioth exes «ic tn.uke<1 with blicit ft^ini, oc- cafionv.tl l>y putsi'tmiiii: tlif Ikin, and ruhbi'ii? I hl.»ck coh>iir iiito the \vt)uni!s. An till- «*Hi,i.»',e i« one of ih»' hottelt in thi" world, ihrir houfcn hive ftldonn .iny w. lis, but cniiiill only of a roof, thatch- ci'. with the lonn puckly K*are» of the p.ilm-nut trci', .md fupporte''»— . 140 m flK Burl. I^n. 1 8 ,1 S ><> " O/rrt. , .. lown nf Wfftern Tartiry, in Turk'ftHfi, iie.tr the rivn* .SIrr, 70 m w«w Taia/.. Otruoli, » towrj of lt,\ly, In the duchy of Hpolfto, I ated on M hill, near the Tilx'i', 7 in N I y K Magli.ino. (Ujf'fn, R lake of New York, In thr ••ouiity of itb name, 9 in long and a mi'- broad. Its outlet, at CoojM'rnown, it the R branch ofthe .Siifipiehan^. OttenJorf, a town ot r,ower 8axnny, in the duchy of Hrcnitn, with a c;i(lli' ; lituatc near the mouth of the Mitlcn, a; m Nw Stadc. (fttfrtfitim, a town of Aiiftrl.i, on tin- s' fide of the D.inid)e, /; m wnw Lini/. Olterl/urg, a town of Fraiire, in the wide, tnd 50 ymls loiij;. Though the department of Mont Toiinerrc, I.ittiy natives f..r •:•:.:« I moft of the Aoieiifans of(i«'rmany, in the palatinate of tti" in the knowl.dtjc .lud pratterf>iini, a vill.tge in Norfhumher- ViUteJ any mt'h'ul of boiling wati-r. land, 011 the river Reed, ai ni w hy n iViorpi'th. It is noted for a battle in 1^88, brtwuii the Euiflilh under the earl of Northumberland and his two I<)n9, and' the Scots under lir William Dnuglao, who was flain by Henry Ptr- cy, lurnamed Holfpar; but tliv Scoti obtaiiK'd the vidlory, and the two Pcr- Lnnp naii» on the finjrers are a mark of diflindlion among them, as anrtong the (..'hiuefii ; for ihiy imply that filch pita- lity. Omai, a native of this iflanc!, waa brought over to England by c.iptain Cook, .ind carried back by him in his laft voyage. Point Venus, at the n end| is in Ion. 141; 36 w, lat. 17 40 s. Otcliakof', lee Oczniow- Otleyt a town in W Yorklhire, with z market on Friday, feated on the Vvharf, under a craggy did', 25 m w York, and 303 nnw London. Otoqucy an ifland of S America, in the buy of Panama. Lon. 80 10 w, lat. 8 10 N. Otmnto, or Terra d'Otrantn, a pro- vince of N.iplea, battle the ballad of Chevy Chafe v.j» founded. Otterfltrfr, a town of Wtftphali.l, in the duchy of Brerr.en, with a fort, 17 m NE Brptnen. Ottny, Sf, Mari', a town In Devon- fhirc, with a market on Tucfd.iy, aul manufacjlures of I1;innrl«, fergcs, &c. It has a large church with two fq.i.(rc towers, and i« (J-ated on the rivuirt Otter, 10 m E Exeter, and 161 w bys London. Ottmuchau, a town of Sllefia, in the principality of Nicffe, with a Cifi'.t; feated on the riTcr Nidle, 7 m w by s Nienc. Otione, a town of the territory of Genoa, 11 m ne Genoa. OttiveUer, a town of France, In the | department ofSarrr, lately of Oerma- 70 m long and 30 __^ , broad ; bounded on the n by Terra di ny'i in the circle of Upper khine, with Bari, and all other parts by the lea. It an ancient caflle ; feated among itioj" if a mountainous cuontry, abounding tains, t# m iri4 b Mrbrucki - ' ccnce, no ti otrn OM^V.anininil, onr of the MnlucrAi, ;yhi|t to the * nl' Olloto. It in \'u\\\ri\ t()th( lult^n uf n.ichi4ti, and alioitmli III clovi* trcwi. The Dutch h.ivc .1 tinill fort tin th« w Cidr. Lon. 1 16 jo v., hi. OuJt, a prnvlnrr of Illmlodftan Pro- per. to th«' N ..f il.at of All 'IkiIi.uI. It ti fubjcd to A ii.tlMibt whole dumii'.ioii, lying hetwicn tht> G^)i(((?>^ •inil Jumna, known by the name of Uuoabt to within 40 m of the city of Delhi- (Jude and its depenilenciei are filimatfd at j6o m in Ici^th from K to w, and in brtiadlli irum 1 50 to 1 8*. The (lAliob it in alliance with the Hritifh ; and a brigade of thr nengal army ii condaiitly Rationed on ito wrllern fron< tii^r. The capital is Lucknow. i)udt,3i decayed city of Hindoonan, in the province of Oude, faid to havR been the capital of a grc;»t kin|?dom, 1 JO.) years before the (hriltian era. it l» frequently mentioned in ihf Mahabe- rat, a famoiu Hindoo work in Sanfcrit, under the name of Adjiidiali. But what- ever may liavi* been its former m.innifi- ccnci', no truces of it artr Icff. Oiulf is conlidercd ii"* a piaco of fandlity ; uiid th»^ llindoDi frequently come hither in pil};rimage. from all parts of India. It IK Icatfd on the Gogra, nearly adjoining Fy/abad. OudettarHy a town of the Nether- lands in Flandus, in the middle of which is a fort. Here is a wanul'idture of very tine linen, and of curioun tapcf- try. This town was befieged bv the French in 1708, but the duke of Mirl- borough entirely routed their army. In 174^, it was taken by the French, who rcftored it by the peace of 1748 ; and in 1794 it furn;ndcrcd to the French. It isJcated on both Tides of the Scheldt, iz m s Ghent, and a; w BrufTcls. Oudinburfft a town of the Nether- lands, in Flanders, il m se Qftcnd. ()udt!nnvaler, a fortified town of S Holland, the birthplace of the celebrat- ed James Arminius, feated on the Little YfTel, 10 m wsw Utrecht. ()udi/>our, or Meyivar, a territory of Hindooilan, in the province of Agimere» belonging to the Rajpoots, and lying b of the river Pudda. It confiftn, in ge- neral, of mountains, divided by narrow valliee, and abounds with fortredeS- See Cbeitore. , • Oudlpour, a tu'fvn of Uiodooftani ca- OUR riital of thr territory of the fame nam#. 1 t» IJ4 m vtw AgiiTiere. And 175 irt AmedaUad Lon> m 4* i'fUt. 14 41 h. liutn-ichfu, 4 city of China, of the flrft rank, in Tche.kian. It riaiids at the mouth of a river, .ind hii a good harbour, \^o m ■•t'. Nan-king Lon. Ill 10 K.^at. &e a N. OvtrJIittku, an ifland of S Holland, bct^veen the mouths of the Meule. 8ommerdyck iit the principal town Ovtryffht, a town of the Nelhcr- lands. in Krabaut, (rated on the Ylche, 6 m NK BrnlTrU. Overyjjtl, a province of Holland, b<)Uiide«ron the n by Fritlland and Gronlngen, f. by Wcl^pluli.i, s by tlie c \n in circuit, furrounded by a llrong wall, with round towers. Here .tre four mofquci, fevrral Hindoo temples, and a modern palace. It is feated on the Sip- pira, which flows into the C'humbul, 150 m N by w Durhanpour. Lon 75 56 E,I.U a^ a6 N. Ovidopoif a town and fort of Ruflin, in the government of Catherincnflaf. In digging the foundation of the tort, in 179s, a curious anti(|ue tomb was difcovered, fuppoled to be that of the poet Ovid ; from which circumftance the toWn had its name. It is feated at the mouth of the Dniefter, 60 m sw Oczakow. LotK 30 st (■, lat< 46 jo n. Ovifdo, a city of Spain, capital of Anurias d'Oviedo, and a hifliop's lee, with a univerfity. Near it are the hot fprings of Riveni d: Abaio, which bear fonie refomblance to thofe of Bath. It is feated at the co'iflnx of the Ore and Deva, which form the Afta, 55 m nnw Leon. Lon. 5 53 w, lat. 43 so v Oulzt a town of Piedmont, feated in a villey, la m sw Sufa. tJundle, a town in Northemptonfliire, with a market on Saturday, leated on the Ncn. over which are two bridges, a6 m NE Northampton, and 78 n by w London. Ourem, a town of Portugal, in Eftre- madura, leated on a mountain, la m w Tomar. Ouriquff a town of Portugal) in Alcn- ftf, NJ * I- : • W.- J I 'I •*!' :tir ^11; II 'A ^ 'S-'l 14- own l«|.). ccli-brAtrU for a vi<,*)ory ohtaittrd hy Atphonri>, kiiiii p.iri o» M**!!* ■ml III l.imlitirv, 411(1 tlic* mk p^iriof \a\%' rmluirK- It It4« it* njinc from a riv< ri \vl)icli fltiw« inio thr Mi-ulc, «iliuvc LirilOi lh«tMpii<«l(if ihr «t>'|i.«riiticiit. ON/ri a rivrr in Yotklhiii*^ loriiu'tl of the Ur( anil.Sw4!r»Mil)ictt rih* luirr.irh tjtiicr ill tilt' roiiuuilic tr.t^t r.iHcd Ku-)i« nioiiiilhirrt mm\ unite A litllr U-Iomt AKU>«>rou)iti. I'hc Quit' flow* ilinuKh York, Mlirrt* it ii ii.iviK.ibli torctti fuUi* ltl)lr vrlltl*t ptocrt'dinti ihviiif by L'i* «'0()y. luut IloMilrit. it rfcri\ni the Wliarf, Dirwuii, Airci imd Dun, and lh«n iiirem \\\k Trfnt on tlw hor- ftcTliit* I.incolnlhiri', v« lure their uritcd flir.im lurmi tlic llmrbrr. Oii/'t, a rivfr in SulV. %, fi>rrTu*d of two ^^•1ncl CA, one oi' wliicli rifn in St. Leo* raid tuiilU the othir in Ihf hriU uf Worth, and thfy unite iibovc Li'mci. It IK)w^ by thai town to NcwhAVt n, he- low w hioh it forln^ acoiiliiltr.iUh- h.>«tii, and riiti'tit ihf 1 .nKl> chaniH I. Otife, (irr,,:, .1 riv«r that tilcB in Nortliampioiinnrf, ncur Ur^it klcy. mid flowB to Hu*kin){li.im, Stoufy Sirattord, Newport !'.««"*. I» Olni"' .oid Dtdroid, vvturcit is iMvii(.ilil«. 'ihfiice it pro- cedsto St. Nci.NK Scringapaiam. Oitiriro, A town and for t re fg of Por- tugal, in Tra los Muntes, featcd 011 a tnouiitain,9 m hk Ui'aganza,and 21 mw Miranda. Owfgo, ,\ town of New York, in Ti- ogi county, ni the e bianch ot'theSul- «Hielu'-;i, io m w Union, Orjjhtjhte, tlie iarjft d.nid moft eallcrn of tho Sandwich illandb, in the Pacific Dcoan. its liMigth from n to 8 is 84 rn, and its hrciidlh 70. Nc.ir the middle 19 Mowna Kon, a inuuiitain that rifcs in three peak-*, perpetually covered with fnow. and may be Teen at 40 leagues diftancc. To the N of this mountain, the coaft confifta of high and abrupt cliffif dowa which fall maoy OXF braulifulcircMli-ii nnd il>r whole e«Mi«. try kioivr'rtd wlUi cnut «ntl btf ad. fitiii irrfi Th>' peak* n/ Ihi* moon* i.uit uii t^r N» ridt' HriH-ur lo br nhoni lulf rt n i.f hl|{h 'In Ihr « nf thii niotint.iin, ihf ground U cnvr-rrd wiili rindii •, and in niai.y pUcii b.ii bl«tk tlr. .tk*, which ffrm to m«tk thr t'nii'fc of a I4V.I, llat hiK flowrd front \\\f mount •III to Ihr Ihorr. 'I'hv loulhrrn pronioMiory looks liki- thr inrir drr^'i ol u vnlc.ino. 'I h>- proji'^lmi licadlaiid ill ronipoliil of broken and cr.i^gy ro<.l>i piled nriguUily on onr xnot'iiT, and lermln4tii)K in iliirp points | yet, amid thi-li; ruliii. Arc many p^'chci ot ric'i foil, (arrfiiliy liitl out in plant.itiniu. The firldaarr cni^Uifrtl l>y ftinr fvne'i, and Arc interfprrlrd wiih grovi't olcn. eoa-nnt Irets Mere eap'.rii Cook, in >77'ji ^c'i A victim to a liiddrn rrlnit. nicni of rhc n.iiivi *, v ith whom hi ini> furiunatcly had 4 difiiute. I.on. of the \, point 154 56 w, lat k; 44 n, ihurant, Smth, a town «)f W York« (liiie, with virioiM voilUii ni.innf.ic- tiiiiS. The iiihabiiaiui were 4H87 in iKoii and f to6 in iHn. It i« y rn kk ll.ilitax >^oHth OiL'tiiM, with 1615 in. Iia*iiiantii, in a m s» 11 difax. Oxfunl- A town ol Nfw Ymk. in Ti- oga eountyi wi'h an academy, 45 m Nt llniiin. (hj'untt a town of Mary hind, in Til. bot (oniity, ttMtril on nn inlet uf Clul.i> peaki- bay, la lu s F.afloii. Oxfuitl, the c.i|)!:.d of Oxfordfliire, and a liillmp'H hr, with a maik'l on \\'(dntlday ;iiid Saturd.iy It ib iV.i'nl at the coniliix of the ( htrwell with thr Tham«'«, and hah a cin.d to Hrannflon, in Nrrthamptoiilhiic 1 he city, wiili the liilnirbr', !< of .1 round form, ^ ni ill circuit, and w.ii anciently lurronndi-d by walls, of which cunfulciable remain! are y« t to be teen ; us alfo of its cxien- five callle, the towiT of which im.w H-rvi-K l(,r a county gaol. The numbit uf inhabitants was 11,107 ''■ >8oi, and 1 2,931 in 1811. It has, befide till' cathe- dral, 13 parilh chui'chis, a famous uni- verlity, a noble market-place, atid a magnificent bridgi*. The univerfily i* generally fiippofed to liave been a li'tni- nary for learning before the time of Al- fred, although it owed its reviv.-}l and conli-qucnce to his liberal patronage. Here are ao colli ges and Bve hull^, lit- viral of which ftand in the f^reets, and give the city an air of magnificence. The colleges are provided with luffi* cient revenues for the maintenance of a ma Iter, fellow, and ftudents. In the halU the ftudcnti liv«> either whoUyi or OXF irt p4rN At Ihcir own fiprnrcf, Tht «iil»» MlgJ4li Chriit C'liuuh cull<|',>', iH'Kun liy i';ir- ihiitl VVnU'-y, 4nd liniiliMt by Henry VIII, III loiigit thr C4iliritlciui. f>>iindvil iiy I'tr rnitmit ll'Klliy, thufc ii^ All :>iMiU coiliMi- CitriU Clmrcti, Qiinini, NrA. St. Juliii, l:x<'ter. aicI Corpus t'hr.di. A:i>ona oiltcr public biiililmi'.-tt ^u' Ihrihniu', ii.'* AOimolfanimiiiumi |))f i'tiifutoii (itintiiiK h'tiifi', thi* ]{»i\' ilillV inlirtn.iry, .tiul ;itt iiblirtv4tnry. Mitril.il 11 bri(ij;c, btfiili' Ihc bc.m'y »)f iit 4rchiti'if)iiii-, hit tM.i fiiigulirity. Hut rT>«"e tluui lialf ol it it on dry {iroiliul, and tlic rcH covert two t'liiiili itripcfi uf tlx! Cl'i-rwi'll I this biidji;c ii j;6 fat litnic* At Oxforil, king John, c impvlU'il by hi» baiDiin, fuiiinioiu'd a p^rli.imriit to meet, in lis**; the pro- afiiiiiKH of which were fii diforderlyi th.ii it win known irterwaril by tlic name (if till' M.ul I'.iiliaini'nt. CharlcH i al- lfmMi.'i.l a p iilia't.cnt li«'r«*, in i6if, in t():i;ii|iiriici' ol ilic pi muo llu-n i;iK'"K ill London: and, in 1644, be binunoii- cit fiu-l) nf the mcmbi Tit of l>oth hoiiltit a> wcrf dcvot.'d to his iiilcnUi : tlicfc wiTC U'CidiT: from till" parliament thin fitliii^j at W'flriuiiftcr. This city wa« itillingiiillu d tor its altachmcnt to th.it iiiif. itir atf king, who bcrc ht-Iil bit ciiint dnrinj; the whole civil war. With- out ilie t')wn are many ruint of the for- tilications urciflcd in that war. Oxford is govfiiud by a m.iyor, depcnduit on the eh.nH'tlior and viccchanccllor of the uiiiverfity; and finds four mcmbert to parlitmtnt, two fur the univrifity, and two for the city. It Ih 5 j m s by k Coventry, and 54 www London. Lun. 1 IS vv, hi 51 46 N. Oxford ,'j:ir, a county of England, bouiiilt'd on the k by Bnckinghamihire, w by GloiiciOerrhire, s by li-rkfllirc, and N by Warwickihiicund Nortnamp- tonlhire. The extn me length is 48 in> and breadth i6, but its form is vrry irrp)rulir. It coiitaiiH 474,830 acres; is dividrd into 14 bundredt, and 219 pa- rilhcs; hai one city and la market- towni ; and fends nine members to parliament. Tfic number of inhabit' PAC iintt WM i/t<),)u«, it fertile In corn ami gr4ft. Th<> « p4M, rfivcully (>n lh« hordcrt nf nui-kinK« li ttitlhiii , iit hilly iiMil wooily, hiving 4 rofiliniiitinn nf Ihi' Chillrni liii><« run* iiing llooii)(lt il. Th>' Ntv p.irt Ik 4lli> elevated and tlony' Ihc iniddb* 11, in )(rnrr.d, a rich ooiinlry, w.iri'r%d by nu- inrroii* Itivumt riiiiiiinK from k In t, And ii nninatlnK in the Th4me»- Of'hrfr, thi* moll coiiAdrnbltf arc tlir VViniU rtilb, Kvrnlolr, Ciii*rwell, aw«I Tame | the laMrr, .tlthon.:}! lui iiconndrrablt livuli-l, hail iibt.nnrtl fomi* iniport.ince from h.ivlny ht'fii liippored to give name to the Thampi. Tla- piodn^lt ot On. fordf^iiie are c'liilly thoii' com>noii 10 till* midl.md faiinin){ cnuntK'n. In bilU yirld ochre, pipe-clay, and otlcr earths, ufrfu' for varioui purpnfet. torn ami malt arccon*i*yi'd fiom il, by till* Thatiu*. to thi' mi''ropoli2. afortifiid town of Weft- phalia, capital ot the principality of the i'jme name, with a ci Irbrafetl univerlliy. The rivulet P..der riles under the hi^h altar of the cathedral ; and in the col- legiate church lire the remains of St. Blafe. The mort remarkable of the con- vents is the col!ej?e formerly belonj^ing to the jei'nits. It i6 ^i m kse AJunfler. I/m. 8 55 E, lat. 51 41 N. Padrort, a town of Spain, in Galicia, feattd on the Ulla, lain s Compoftella. Padjhw, a town in Cornwall, with a market on Saturday, a convenient har- bour, and fome coafting trade. It is (eatedat the mouth of the Camel, on the IJriftol channel, ,^6 m \v Launcef- ton, and 243 \v by s London. Padua, a fortified city of Italy, capi- tal of Paduano, and a bifhop's lee. It is 7 m in circuit, but much lefs confl- defable than formerly ; for great part of the area wirhirr the walls is unbuilt, and the t(mn In general fo thinly inhabited^ PAtt that craf^ grows in many of the ftrfccf j. 'ihe houfes arc built on piaz/as, whicli, when the town was in a flourUhing ftatc, may have had a mngnificcnt «p. pea.Mnce; but they now rather give it a more gloomy air. The cathedral it one of the richcfl: in Italy ; and in the ficrifly is a ftalue of ihe celebrated Petrarch, who was a canon of the churcli, and left to if a part of his li- brary. The Francilcan church is dedi. Gated to St. Antonio, the patron of the city, whole body is enclofed in a fnrco. ph fo celebrated, is now on the decline. Here is a confiderable cloth manufnc> tore . but the city fvvarms with beggars, who al!w charity in the name of St. An. tonio. Pa-1ua was taken by the French in 1796. It is !■ ated on the Brenta and Badkii^lione, in a tine plain, 20 m w by s Venice. Lou. 11 53 e lat. 45 14 n. Pddttano apro\ince of Italy, in the teriit'.ry of Venice, 40 m long and 35 bro'id; bounded 011 the t. by iDogado, 8 by Polefina di Rovigo, w by Verouefe, and N by Vicentino. It is well watered, and one of the mod fertile countries in Italv. P.:dua is the capital. Padnla, a town of iMaples, in Prin- cipitn Citra, 14 m N Policaftro. Pajra/im, a decayed city of the king- dom of iiirmah, capital of a province of the fame name. It is faid to have been abandoned in the 13th century in confe. quence of a divine admonition. The remains of its ancient Ijplendour are nii. merous mouldering temples, and the Velfiges of a fort. It is Icated on the Irrawaddy, no m sw Ummerapoora. Lon. 94 34 E, lat. ai 10 n. Pciglinrio, a town of Naples, in Abruz- zo Ultra, 15 m ese Aqnilla. Pago, an ifl.ind in the gulf of Venice, fcparated from Dalmaii* by a narrow channel. It is 20 m long and 6 broad, chiefly barren, and the foil ftony ; but it is well peopled, has fait- works, and produces wine and honey. The chief town is of the fame name. Lon. ji 10 E, lat. 4440 N. Pdhang, a feaport on the e coaft of the peninfula of Malaya, capital of a kingdom of the fame name, famous for a great nunfiber of elephants, and for PAL plenty of pepper. It is 140 m n f, M//:f/fi, a village in Glfwicefterfliire, on the fide of a hill, 7 m ssf. Giouceftcr. it has a inaniifa(ftiirc of white cloths for the army, and for the India and Tur- key trade. Piii/haivur, a city of CaiidHhar, capi- tal of a diflriL^ in the country of Cabul. Jt is filuiite on the Kameh, 125 m SE Caliiil, and 170 N MoultiUi. Li.n. 70 36 K, lat. .V3 18 N. Piiijky, a town of Scotland, the larg- e(l in l{enfrewrtiirc. It has confiderable njanufa(!tiirc8 of (ilk and linen gauze, lawn, iTiiifiin, cambric, thread, &:c. alio extend ve ioap, candle, and cotton works; and is deemed the firft m,inu« fa^uring town in Sc!)tland. The river White Cart divides it into two parts, which communicate by three bridges. The part on the c fide of the river is called the Abbty parifh, and contains the magnificent remains of an abbey church, the only one which Pailley for- merly required. The other part, now f'efignated by Paifley, hai three parifti- churches, and feveral meciing-honfes for diflentiog congregations. By means of the river, and a canal, veflels of .jo tons can come up and unload at the quay. In 1801 the number of inhabit- ants was 17,026 in thctown, and 14,153 in the abbey parifh; and in 18 11 the number was 19,937 in the former, and 16,785 in the latter. It is 10 m w Glal- ^ow. Lon. 4 a6 w, lat. 55 53 w. Paitay a feaport of Peru, with an ex- cellent harhottr. It has frequently been plundered by the buccanetrs; and in 1741, it was plundered and burnt by commodore Anfon. The bay is defend- ed by a fort. It is j8o m nw Truxillo. Lon. 80 54 w, lat. 5 5 s. Palachy., a town of Hindooftan, in (he province of Coimbetore, with a fmall fort. In the vicinity was lately dug up a pot containing Romnn filver coins of Autiiii'tus and Tiberins. It fland^ in a \\\.'il-cnltivated country, 14 m s Coim- betore, and 37 w Daraporam. Palacios, a town of Spain, in Aftda- lufia, 12 ms Seville. Palamt, a town of Spain, in the pro- vince of Leon, 51 m wsw Leon. Palaisi a tov»n of France, capital of the ifland of BeHcilk, trith a ftrong ci- PAL 17CU after a long fiege. It flandson the ■SK fide of the ifland, .^o m sse Orient. Lon. .^ 9 w, hit. 47 19 M. Pdlaisi St- a town and diftrift of France, in the dipartment of Lower Pyrenfe?, which, with the town and diftiid of bt» Jean Pied dc Port, form* ot till' late province of I'alais i> fratcii on Bayonnc. Lon. nearly the wiiole Lower N.ivarrc. St the liidoufi;, 15 m .sk I 4 w, lat. 43 a I N. Palambung, PalamhnnUi or Bnlam' buatiy a town of Javn, capital of a king- dom, at the i: end of the ifland. H( re is plenty of popper, cotton, rice, maize, fruit, hfirfiJ, antelopes, buffklos, and - oxen. It (lands on a bay in the ftrait of Bali. Lon. 1140 k, Ut. 7 10 s. Pahmcotta't lie Tinevelli/- PctlamoSi a ieaport of Spain, in Cata- lonia, leated on the Mediterranean, 58 m NR Barcelona. Lon. 3 4 k, lat. 4 1 50 n. Pa/omow, a town of Ilindooflim, in the province of Baluir, 140 ni ssw Paina. Lon. 84 25 f, lat. 83 5J n. Pa/ania, a town of European Tur- key, in BeflTarbia, fcated on theDniefter, 40 m SE Bender. Palcios. i'.e Pdkiu tjlands. Palaiuan ; fee Paragon. Pa/arrwla, A town of Italy, in Brcf- ciano, leated on the Oglio, 20 m wnw Brefcia. Pnlencia, a city of Spain, in Leon, and a bilhop's ftre, with five churches, 1 1 convents, and two hofpitals. The chief mannfa(fture3 are woollfen cover- lets, flannels, and fcrgcs. It is feated on the < arrion, 23 m nnb Valladolid, and 70 SE Leon. Lon. 4 28 w, lat. 41 59 '^• yWf no, a town of Naples, m Abruzzo Citra, 9 m ESB Solmona. Palenzue/a, a totrn of Spain, In Old Caftile, feated on the ArUnza, a Kttle above the influx of the Arlanzom, 30 m sw Bnrpos. Palermo, a fortified city of Sicily, in Val di Ma'zara, capital of the ifland, and an archbifliop's fee, with a univerfity. It ftands on a b y of the fame name, on the N coaft, near the extremity of a kind of natural amphitheatre, formed by hrgh and rocky mountains. The cotjntry between the city and the moun- tain.? i's one of the richeft plains in the world ; the whole appearing a magnifi- cent garden, filled with fruitful trt*es, and watered by fountains and rivulets. The inhabitants of Palermo are eftimat- ed at 150,000- Two great ftreeis, the Caffaro and Maqueda, interff<5t each other in the centre of the city, where is a hatidfome fqnare, called the Ottan- ^:4 iiiarf J "^ I, hi tSicJel. it fiirrcndered to the En^liih in golo ; from the centre of this is fcen the PAL whole of thefe noble ftrert«, and the four gates that terminate them, tach .it the (liftance of half a mile. The Porto Felice openi to the Marino, a delightful walk, wliich hao on one fide the wall of the city, and on the other the fea ; and in the centre is a kind of temple, fre- quer.tly miule ule of as an orchiitra. The PAL are prepared for this fitiiation by keep, ing thfm iix months upon a gridiron, over a (low iirr, till ull tht- fat and moif- tnie are conftimed In fome of tlie higher nichos they are laid out at mil length, and ar the top are young child- ren. On the lloor are handfomu irunkn, cont.'iining the bodies of peifons of dil- royal rtfidence in fituatc at the top of tindion, the kiys of which arc kept by the Caflliro, and commands a view of the city and furrounding fccncry ; it is an exteiiiivc and irregular iniilding, but the apartments are fplfndid and ele- gantly decorated, 'i. he palaces briong- ing to the princes are miich admired tor their fit»;ition and eleganc*-; and the houfts of the nobility an- tin«» buildings, but their outward eff\(5l is dt llriiycd by convening tlieir lower part into Itibles and coacli houfes. Palermo has upward of loo ci)Ufche8, manyot them iich .md magnificent; alib 96 convents, wtih fu- perb chapels to each, and innunurahle fpots dedicated to ti)me favouriti' faint. The cathedral is a large G(>d\ic (Iruc- ture, fupported within by L'o column<» cf oriental granite, ^nd divid* d into a freat number of chapels; fome of them arc extremely rich, particularly that of St. Rofolia, the patrontfs of Palermo, whofe relics are prclcrved in a large box of filver, enriched with prtcious ftones. Here are alto found the tombs of fevtral of- the ancient Norman kings, and of the empetors Henry vi and Freceiic 11, of the fined porphyry. The city Is crowded with ftatues of fnvercigns and tutelar faints, placed in fmall courts and fquares upon pedeftals of colofTal pro- portion and taftelcfs ft»rm. In the ftreets women hide their heads in black veils ; a very ancient mode of drefli in this ifland. Thin city had fufP^red greatly, j't different periods, by eari hquakt-s or in- undationa. The harbour, defended by a mole and two caltics is open to the fea from the ne; and even at the an- choring place, (hips are in danger when a weftfriy wind rulhrs through the val- ley of Colli betwet-n the mountains. About the middle of the nth century, the Norman king Roger eftablilhtd filk manufadlures in this city, by means of prifoners takt-n in his war with the Greeks, and they ftijl flourifh, though not fo lucrative fince the manufadlure has extended to Italy. A mile from Palt rmo is a celebrated convent of ca- puchins, in which is a vault made ufe of as a receptacle for the dead. It con- fifts of four wide pafTages, each about 40 feet long, with niches along the ftdes, in which the bodies are fet up- right, clothed in coarfe garment8> with their headsi urms^ and feet bare. Th°y the relations. Palermo, in 1799, be- came the rilidence of the court, when the French made themfclves mailers of Naplc . it is no m w McfTma, and 180 s by w Naples. Lou. 13 34 b, lat. 38 li N. PuUjUiify ii country in the sw part of -Syria, fo called from the Philiftines, who iuhabiiid the fcacoalt- In the Icriptures it is (tylod tlie Land of Ca- naan, and tlic Promiled Land ; it is alio called the iioly L»iid, as conlecratrd by the rilidepce of the Dtity through all ages (if Ji'wilh liillory, and as having been thtr fcenc of the miniltry of Jefus Chrift. It is divided from the other parts of .Syria on the N by Mount Li« b^jiui-, and on the e by the river Jordan and the DtM\ f . a ; on the s it is bound- td by Arabia Puraja, and on the w by the Mediterraui an f. a. It is fertile in ge- neral, abijunduig, wlier«-cuUivated,with corn, wine, homy, and oil ; and it might fupply the neighbouring countrv with all thefc, as it anciently did, were the prelcnt inhabitants equally indultri- 0U8. This eouniry was by (editions, in the reign of Kchoboham, divided into the kingdoms of Judah and Ht'ael ; and after the return of the Jews from the B^bylonifli captivity, it was divided into three parts, called Juden, Samaria, and OaIil<'e> Even yet it is conlidered as diviiff'd into the Came three parts, the capitals of which arc Jerufalem, Napo- lofe, and Nazareth. Palrjirinat one of the largeft of the iflandb called the Laguncs, near Venice. it has a town of the lame name^ 6ms Venice. Palejirinaj anciently Pracnefte, an cpifcopal town of Italy, in Campagna di Roma, with the title of a principality. Here formerly (tood a temple dedicated to Fortune, the ruins of which . ay yet be feen. It is aj m e by s Rome. Lon. J3 5 E, lat. 41 52 N. Paliano, a town of Italy, in Cam- pagna di Roma, (ituate on a hill, 20 m e Rome. Pa/igaut, or Palkaud, a fort of Hln- dooltiii, in Malabar, built by Hyder, on his conqueft of that province Around it are fcattered many villages, which contain a confiderable population, and have fome trade. It ftands between tw» PAL rivulets, near their junflion, at tht '''*nX of the foutlicri) cxtrt-mity of theG:ti t», 25 m wsw Ct)imbeture, arid 56 £ by n Paniany. Palixonda, a town of Ilindnoftan, in, tlic C.iinatic, with the remaitiB of a fort, in which is a confidcrable temple. It is ff.itid orj the P.iliar, jj m w Arcot. Pulhuban, ihv capital of a kingJ ' 't. a 5A s. Paik S.'rait, a ftrait at the N end of Ceylon, ill the bay of Bengal, which fe- paratei that iflaiid from the C(»aft of Tanjore, in liindojftan. A conlidtr- al)Ie pearl fdliery h cariied on in it, on both fliores. PiiHifcr Ijlaids, a ^roiip of id mds in the pacific ocean ; the hrycfl about J5 m long and to broad. Lon 146 30 w, lat. 15.^8 s. Palma, one of the ('anary iflands, to the N of Fcrro, to m in circuit, and very fertile. It has a town of the fame rame, much frequented for its excellent wine, and fafe harbour. Lon. 1 7 50 w, lat. 28 37 N. Palma, a ftrong city, cfipital of the idand of Majorca, and a biihop's Tee. The public fijiiares, thecatheilral, the palace of the ancient kings, and the epifcopal palace, are magnificent. It contains upward of 6000 hollies, built after the antique manner ; a unlverfity, more an- cient than celebrated ; Icven parochial churclips, bdidc the cathedral ; and many convents. The townhoufe is a noble building, and the exchange a cu- rious Gothic ftruifture. The harbour, though Imall, isiafeand commodious. Palitia was taken by the Englilh in iiou, and retakun in 1715. It Hands at the htad of a bay on the sw part of the ifland Lon. 2 45 E, lat. 39 35 n. Pulmd, a town of Spain, in Andalu- fia, It.ited on the Xenil, near its conflux with the Guadalquivei, 30 m sw Cor- dova. Palma, a town of Portugal, in Eftre- madura, on '\e river Cadoan, ao m £ Setuvai. Palma, a town of Sicily, in Val di Mazara, near which is a rich fulphur mine. It is 15 m st: Girgenti. Palma, ati. wn of New Granada, with manufadure« of cotton, Imen, and ''i- gar, and very tine copper mines, 54 m Nw St. F^. Palma, or Palma Kuova,^ a ftrong frontier town of Italy, in Friuli, on a canal that comoiunicates with the Li- PAL zonzo, 10 m SB Udina, and sj Ni Vc- nice. Lon. 1,:^ ij b, lat. 46 2 n. Palma di Solo, .1 I'eaport of Sardinia, on the sw coaft, 3H m sw Caglnri. Lon. 8 56 t;, lat. 39 s N. Pnhmis, a river of New Spain, form- ed by the jnii(5lion of the NaflHis and Sincfda, in New Dilcay; it flows e about 200 m, between the provinceH of Panucu and New Leon, into the gulf of Mexico. Pa/mas, one of the Philippine iflands, 16 leagues se of Mindanao. Lon. 127 O E, Lit. 5 33 N. Pdlmaj, ('fi/>r, a promontory on the Ivory coaft of Guinea. Lon. 5 34 w, lat. 4 26 N. Palme/a, a town of Portugal, in Ef- treniadiira, with a caltle on a rock, 8 m NNfc Setuvai. Palmer/Ion Ijle, an ill md in the Pa- cific ocean, difcovered by Cooh, in 1774. It confift:: of about ten iflt'tK, conneded by a nef of coral neks, and lyiiij; in a circular diredion; tlie princi- pal one not exceeding a mile in circuit, nor more than three feet above the level of the fea. It abounds with cocoa-nuts, fcurvygrafs, and the wharra-tree, but has no inhabitants. Lon. 162 57 w. Lit. 18 o s. PalmOS ; fee Canartj Palmyra, or 'J'admor, once a magni- ficent city of Syria, originally built by king Solomon. On the decline of the Macedonian empire in the vnl\, it be- came the capital of a principality, under the name of Palmyra ; and it declared for the Romans, on Adrian marching his army through Syria to Egypt. The city HouriflKd and incrcaled to the time of Aurelian, when it relifted the Roman power, under queen Zenobia, who held it out a long time, but was at length taken captive, and led in triumph through the ftrects of Rome. Soon afterward the inhabitants maflacred the foldicrs who had been left in gar- rifon ; which outrage occafioned the return ofAiireliuR, who, having made himlelf mafter of the place, caultd all the inhabitants to be d<-'ftroyed, and gave the pillage of the city 10 the ibl- diera. The llupendous ruins of this city are in the midft of a landy defert, bounded on three fides by high moun- tains- They were vifited, in 1751, by Mr. Wood, who publifhcd a fplendid account of them in 17.53. The inhabit- ants then confifted of about forty fami- lies, living in mud cotvagcs, ercdcd within the fpaciuus court of a once magnificent temple. Palmyra is 100 m SE Aleppo. Lon. 38 50 e, lat. 33 i® N. I .^ ,■■ ,4 \m , , ■'. k 3VJI Ml- JM P A M Palnaud, iitidance of calth;. It ftands in a fertilr plain, furrouiulcd by mountains, liio in ne bt. H:^-. Lun. 72 21 w, lat. 7 I N. Panaxia, a town of European Tur- key, in Romania, 14 m n Gallipolj. Panama, a city and feaport of Terra Firma Proper, of wliich it is the capital. It flaiids on a bay of the fame name, on tlie s coaft of the iflhmus of D.uien, and is che feat of a royal audience, and of a bifliop, who is primate of Terra Firnia. Before the abolition of the t>ade by the galleons, it was the emporium for all llie morchandife of Chili and Peru, intended for Europe. See Purto Lello- Tlie tr.ule and commerce is tlill co.ili. deiable, and in the harbour is a fne pearl fifhery. The city is furroundeil by a wall and other fortifications, anil in 60 m 8 by vv I'oito Licllo. Lon. 79 19 w, lat. () o N. J'linnrfffrfi, a town of Java, capital of a diftrifit, 60 in e by n Mataram. Pannr'm, one of the Lipari ifiands, between Lipari and Stromboli, 5 m iii circuit, and barren. Pamintcan, a town on the N coaft of Java, capital of a diftridt in the k part of the illand. Many Portuguefe are mixed with the inhabitants, and the princiijal commerce is in long pepper. Lon. 1 13 2_5 R, lat. 80S. I'titiatj, one of the Philippine iflinds, between lliofc of i'aragoa and Ne;,'ros. It is uf a triangular form, zjo m in cir- cuit, and watered by many rivers and brooks. 'I'he chief commodity for ex- portation is rice. Iloila is the capi- tal. Pancras, a village in Middltfex, 2 m Nw London. It has a church dedicated to St. Pancras ; and the churchyard is the principal place of interment for the Roman catholics. Here is a medicinal fpri^g ; alfo a Veterinary t'ollege, cfta- blifiied in 1791, for the improvement of farriery. Pancfovay a town and fortrefi of Hungary, in the bannat of Temeiwar, Icated near the Danube, 10 m £NF. Belgrade, and 56 ssw Temefwar. Pangafena, one of the Molucca ifiauds, in the E Indies, 1.5 m long and 10 broad, lying between Celebes and Bouton. PangOf a town of the kingdom of Congo, capital of a province of the fame MB Madrid. i"\ Granada, iblic «c1ifiiwi's, iiujiavturcsvif of goltl and ■if Oiitllc. It iinouiuiLd by Fd. Lon. 71 uropean Tur* Gallipoli. jport of Terra . is the capital, "ame name, on 1U8 of D:iii»'ii, audience, and naie of iV'iru on of the t.adc the enrtporium Chili and Peru, \{'v Purto iJelh- •X is llill conli- rbour is 11 fine is furioundid (ications, ami is 3, Lon. 79 19 Java, capital of Vlatarain. Lipari itlands, rcmboli, 5 m in n the N coaft of in the b part of gufd- are niixid d the principal pper. Lon. 113 lippine ifl uuts, ruH ;ind Ne^'ros. n, ajio m incir- nany rivers and niuodity for i-x* ila is the capi- Middkfex, 2 m hurch dedicated c churchyard is terment for the e is H medicinal ry College, cfta- le improvement and fortrefs of It of Temefwar, e, 10 m ENE 'emefwar. the Molucca , -.5 m long and •en Celebes and Ithe kingdom of Ivinceofvbefatnc PAN nime- It (landt on the BiirbeU, f 5 m NNE St. Salvador. Lon. 14 4S ^i i'lt* 4 10 s. Panjab, A country in the nw part of Hindooftan Proper, being that watered bythc five rartern branc'."8of the Induii. It was the fct-nc of Alexundfr'ij Uil cam- piign, and the terminatioii of hi* con- iiucfts. It fornu a fqiiare of 150 m. and iiicKidfS the whole of Lahore, and a great part of Moulton Proper. Toward the lower part of Moulton it is flat and mar(hy, and inundated by the rains that fjll between May and October. Paniani/t a town of Hindooftan, in Malabar. It contains above 40 mofquest 580 hiiufos belongini,' to tradiru, and 1000 huts inhabited by the lowerorders- Thtiport itt freqitnitcd hy Imall vcflcis, and much rice i« exported to the north- em parts of the ptovince. It is featcd onalandy plain, near the mouth of a rivtr, 3a m a by K Calicut. Lon. 7558 E, hit. iQ 47 N. Pannatiach, a village of Scotland, in Aberd«enlhire, a little below the water- fill, called i'.it Lin of Dee, ^P m w Aberdeen. U is noted for mineral wa- ters, and has houfes and baths for the accommodation of company. Panniputt a town of Hindooftan, in I the country of Delhi. It is celebrated I for a battle* in 1761, between an army of 200,000 iViahrattas, and the fultan of 1 Candahar, at the head of 150,000 Mo- I hamcdans, in which the former were defeated. Panniput is fituate in an ex- teiifive plain, 7a m nw D<;lhi. Lon. 76 55 1, Lit. 29 13 N.' Patiotftf, a town of European Tur-' I key, in Macedonia, 16 m s Saloniohi. I Panormo, a town of European Tur- key, in Albania, on a gulf of thf Adria- tic, oppolit«; the ifland of Corfu, 45 m l^sE Vabna. Lon. ao 2 k, lat. 40 o n. Ptintalariaj an ifland in the Mcditer- Iranean, between Sicily and the coaft of jTuiiia, 34 m in circuit. It abounds in I cotton, fruit, corn, and wine. A num- Iber of convitStG from Sicily are fcnt to I this iOand. It has a town of the lame I name. Lon- iz 31 E> lat. 36 53 n. I Pantiia, a town of Afiatic Turkey, I in Natoli«, on the ne coaft of the fea of jMarmora, la m se Conftantinople. I Panuco, or Guajhca, a province of iKew Spain, in the audience of Mexico; Ibounded on the e by the gulf of Mexico, land w by Mechoacan and New Bifcay. iThe s part abounds with provifions, land has fome veins of gold and mines of Ifalt; but the n is poor and barren. Panuca, a city of New Spain, capital ' a province of the fame namc; and a PAK . biihop'a ft-e. It is litnite on the river Paniico, 40 m from the fea, and 140 h by K Mexico. Lon. y8 54 k, lat. n -iS w. l*ao-*inj{t a city of China, of the iirft ra\il:, in the province of Hou-quang. It I.' I'cU eUmg. I. on. Ill • 8t i» «3o m ^bw lat. zj 5 N. Pao-ni'ig, a city of China, of the firft rank, 111 the province of Se-tchnen. It ftauds on the Kialinu;, 700 m sw IN-klng. Lon. I J5 35 K, l;it. ;^i 3 N. Puoom, one of the New Hehria, a town of Hungary, in the Ci^unty of Vefprin, leaU'd on a moun- tain, near thv," river Marchaltz, 45 m \r Buda. Pupnrjtla, a town of New Spain, in TIafcala; near which, in tlic midft of ;i forert, is a pyramidal edifice of great an- tiquity, conftrurted of immcnle ftones, remarkable for tlieir poliih and regu- larity of cut, and adorned with hiero- glyphics. It is 80 m NNw Xalapa. Papoult ^t. a town of France, in the department of Aude, feated on the Lembe, 13 m nw CarcafTonc, and 35 sE Touloufe. Pappenburg, a town of Wcftplialia, in £ Frielland, with two churches, and feveral yards for fliip-building. It is feated on a canal that communicates with the river Ems, 23 '^ s Emden. Pappenheint', a town of Suabia, capi- tal of a county of the lame name, on the frontiers of Franconia. It is feated on a hill, near the Altmal, 11 m wn v Aichftadt. Papua ; fee Guinea, New. Papudo, a port of Chili, frequented by veflcls from Peru, for the hides, tal- low, and rigging of the neighbouring lettlements. It is 200 m nnw St. Jago. Lon. 71 10 w, lat. 3a 36 s. Paray a river of Brafil, which is the nw boundary of that country, and gives name to a government. It is, properly fpeaking, the eaftern mouth of the Ama- zon, being a branch from its eftuary that flows s E and then n e to the ocean, where its mouth is 40 m wide. The fpace mciuded by them and the oceai> is an ifland, 150 m in diameter, called Marafo, or Joanes. Para, a city of Brafil, capital of a government of the fame name, and a biihop's fdCf It has a ftrong citadel and . i:k \ I'All • cafti**, anti is adorned with bcintifiil vdificct' 7'he clixf biifliufN is cultiv.it- iiiK tobaccDt indigo, l°u|$ar-c.iti<'x, and roltoii. It in featt'd on tlip rfluary of the Para, 80 in tVom the ocean. Lou. 48 XI w, iat< I ,10 H. Farucels, or Prucrh, a \M\ multitude 4if i'mall if) Midrt and tncks in the China fca, lying oft" the to.tft of Cochinciiina. They fxttnd 3c o m in Iciigfh by ^10 in bn-adth, iind the iiit(rcurrents among thcin render thijr n.ivigatii>n dan{;iTOU8. Puradelta, a town of Portugal, in lieira, 12 m SK LaJi. po. Pitraf^eot or Pa/aii;an, the moft wtlterly ot the PliihpDuie iflantls, and the largeft of the clufter called Caia- mianeB. It is iRo m lonj; aid from 20 to 40 broad, dividi-d between the king of Hurnro and the Spaniards, with foine independent n.itivfs ir ihe int<'i inr p irt.H, who are black, and have no fixed place of aboele. The Spaniards h.ivc a uarri- fon at the N end nf the ifland, at a pi k'c called Tatay. Lon.iiH45 K.lat. iroN. ParaifUtit/, a country of S. America, bounded on the n by Amazonia, E by Hiafil, !» by Patagonia, and w by Tucu- inan anci Chaco- It is 1 100 ni in length, and from 300 to 600 in breadth. It ha8 numerous lakes and rivers : of the lat- ter, the three principal are the P;trana, l-'arnguay, and Uraguay ; the united ftreams of which fvirm the I'lata. Thefe rivers annually ovfillow their binks; aod, on thi ir ncefs, leave the foil ex- tremely fertile. This vaft country ap- pears to be mountainous to the n and NW; but many parts are Aill unknown. The principal province 01' which we have any knowledge is Plata, or Buenos Ayres, which, with all the adj icent parts, h one contmued plain for feveral hundred miles; extremely fertile, and pioducing cotton in great abundance, tobacco, and the valuable herb called I'araguay, which is peculiar to this country, and the infulion of which is drank, in all the Spanilb pioviices of JS America, inftead of tea. Hue are alfo a vniiety of fruits and very rich paflure; but the country is dellitutcof woods. Caiile, Iheep, horfcs. and mules are in great abundance; of the latter many thoufand.'; are an' ually fcnt to Peru. Iti the mountains toward Tucu- m.m, the condor, the largelt bird of the vidture tribv, is not iinfrequent ; and the ofitich is found in the wide plains. Several independent tribes of indij^cnes live in the interior ; cue of them, called Abipons, are a warlike race, and by a novelty in American mani;er8, chiefly cavalry, fecuring and taraing the wild T' A II horfcs introduced by the Sp.iniards. fn 151 j, the Spaniards difcnvered {h<\ country by failing up the Plata, :ovl, m 1535, fotinded the town of Hii.n is Ayres. In 1580, the jtfuits wrre ;)th Ipiritud and ttmpoia!, over the natives. In 176'', the coi.ii expelle*! the jt-fuits, and the nilivn were put tipon the fame fooling wi-', the other Indians of the Sparilii (vhk,; S Aineiiea. Buenos Ayres is the ca.jit il, Paitiihii, a province (»f Hi ifi', lie- twtcn thole of Rio Grande and Twnw. nca. It abounds in fug:ii-cane«, hmlil. wood, tobacco, and cotton. Thecliicf tnvvn Is or the fainc name, fealtd on tbe river Paraiba, 10 m from the fea. Th" Dutch got piifleHion of it, in 1(1^^5, but the Portuguefe retook it fonn utter. It has thrrrt forts, a magnificent cathednl, and m;viTcd thu the IMata, .tivl, n, own o^ l^iii s jcfnilH wt-rc m' tn.li l\trfnzit, » fcaport of Iftil.i, on a pcniiWiil.i in the »,'nlf of Xenicc, with a iurb(wir for lar>;c vclli Is. It in afl in ;. by \f Capi) d'litria. Lon. 13 50 a, lat. 45 l« N. Pursrn, afortifit'd town of Koropran Tiirkty, in Alhaiii.i, with Ivvo potts. The i'lh.ibitanta arc chielly ChriltiauH, and of both churches. It ihiids on a pcniul'ul.i, 30 m 8W Jaiima. Lon. so 53 K, lat. ^9 :6 N. I'mia, or S'eiv Andulu/.a, a provinct* of Tt.'ua Firma, in the govi'rnmtiit of Caracas, lyin^ to the ••'K of Cumaiia, 011 tht'biiikd of th;:Oroii()ko, and including' the dflt.1 of that nvor. On the n of thisprovinci', bttwren ('umana and the illand of Trnidad, is a large bay called the gidf of Paii;i, which forin.s one of tlietined harbniiriiin the world. The n entrance into the gulf in c.lkd Uoca del Draco [Dragon's Mouth] on account of tlieadveife curn'uts ami tempelhioiis waves encountered here, when ilie ilUnd and continent were difcoveied by Co- lumbus in 1498. Paria, a town of Peru, capital of a diftriift in the audience of Charcas. Here are fome lilver mines, and its chceli'ii are in high ellcein made from the milk of flietp. It is 140 m wnw Plata. Lon. 68 31 vr, lat. n\ :?o s. Paiidroni^, a Itrong town of Tibet, on the borders of Booton, near a river that flows into the Teclta, 45 m wnw Taf- iafudon. PariJla, or Santa, a town of Peru, in the audience of , Lima, neiir the month of a rapid river of the fame name, Uo in SE Tnixillo, and j8o nw Lima. Lon. 78 30 \v, Ut. 9 O-l. Parima, a Like of S America, near the borders of Amazonia and Guayana, of a Iqiiarc i\)rm, 80 m long and 40 broad. It fcenis to be a kind of inun- dation formed by . the Oronoko ; for that river enters on the n and iflues on the w fule of the lake, ne.^r its nw an- gle. From tlic sk of this lake idTues tlie Wliite river, called alfo the Parima, which flows s to the Black river, and thence se to the river Amazon. On the w of this lake,. before the main Itream of the Oronoko turns to the Ji, there are two other branches that flow from it to the Black river. Hence there arc three communications between thofe two gisat rivcrs> the Oronoko and the Amazon. Paris, the. metropolis of. France, the «« of an archbilhop, and the feat of a UniverGty. The river Seine, which PAR croITi'D it, formi two fmall illandt, called Ille tiu P.itatH 4iid lile N«)rr<* Oame ; the fiill iti the anciei.t city ol Pari^, and had itb name from a building tlut wan I'or- rnnly the refidenie of the . kin?.'-, and alter ward refigiud to the pailiamcut. 'arJB has 16 K^t*-'« 'iDd in 15 m in cir> cuit, including the fiiburbs. Thai part of it called the ville is liniatc to the north, the univcrlity to tl - louth, and the city ill ihe ci'iitre. ' The ftrccts are narrow, and generally without accommodation for foot pdniigeis*. Ihe houli-s are built of fr. ellone, many of them ir-vetl lUiriek high, and often contain a dlH'er* erit f imily on every floor. The number of iTihabitaiits, by .in olbcial Aatementiu 1 8 10, was 5.V7»756. There yrc nine principal bridges in Paria, but only three occupy the w hob' bre.tdth of the Seine, which is not half li) large as the Th, lines at London. Tin-re are a great numbirof public fountains, and fo.nu triumphal itrches. Of the fquares, the fiiiell is the Place de Luiih xv, of an oolagon foim, in. which wa< an equef- trian ftatue, in bronxe, of that monarch. This fquare (then called tlie Place dtt la ' Revolution) was the fcene of the execu- tion of Lewis XVI, his contort, and his filter. Belide the cathedral of Notre Dame, one of the largell in l£urope, Paris has many fine ciuirches. The abbey of St. Genevieve was founded by king Clovis, wbcle monument is dill to he leen in the church : it has a library of 24,000 printed books and 3000 manu- fciipts, alfo a valuable cabinet of anti- quities and natural curiofities. The new church of St. Genevieve, now called the Pantheon, was deftined by the national aflembly, in 1791, to re- ceive the remains of inch great men as had merited well of their country. The Baftile, Iniilt as afortrefs by Charles v, lately ferved for a ftate prifon ; but. it was deftroyed by the people, in the be- ginning of the revolution. The uni- verfity, founded by Charles the fa^, conliits of four faculties ; namely, \)i- vinity, the civil and canoa law, phyQc, and the fciences. The fineft college is that of the Four Nations, called alfo AJazarin, from the cardinal, its founder. Among the public libraries, that, called the royal holds the firil rank, in rcfpedt both to the extent of the buildings, and the number of volumes. The royal ob- fervatory is built of iVeeftone, and nei- ther iron nor wood has been employed in the ertjdion. The botanical garden is worlby of its ^pellation of royal. The four principal palaces are the Lou- vre, the TuUeries, the .Palais lluyal, and the Luxemburg, la the Louvre i» a N !> J hm 1 1 PAH depofitcd the flofft collr^ion of p.ilnt* inps and natiiei in the worl i ; thr prin« cipal of them lately brought from v.iri* out parti of Italy. The ga'den of the Tuileriei, in front of the pn lace and on the banki of the Seine, la the finell pub- lic walk in Paris. The Palais Royal was lonjt the property of the dukei of Orleans i and the interior courts have bren embellifbed with many beautiful buildings, with (hops, coffee houft'S, and a garden, which render it like a perpe- tual fair. The Luxemburg is famous for its gallery, in which are twenty fx- quinte paintings by Kubcns. The Ilof pital-generalt which alfo goes by the name of la Salpatrcria (faltp«:tre being formerly made here) is a noble founda- tion for the female fex ; near 7000 of whom are here provided for, .ind live under the infpedtion of fixty fi([fixa. To this foundation belongs the caitle of Hi* ceftre, defended on all fides by .1 wall of confiderable circuit, which contains within it many lirge buildings and fe- veral open places ; and here near 4000 ?erfons of the other frx arc maintained, 'he Hofpital dv la Pietie, where poor children are brought up, conftitutes alfo a part of the Hofpital-general. Thefe three foundations, with the Hotel Dieu, have one common fund, amounting to full two millions of livres a year. The Hotel des Invalides, for the wounded and fupernnnuated foldiery, built by Lewis XIV, is a magnificent ..ruAure; as is the military (i:hool in the Champ de Mars, founded by Lewis xv. The two principal theatres are the Theatre de la Nation and the Italian theatre; which, in point of elrgance and conve- nience, are worthy of the capital of a |;reat nation. The Monnoie, or mint, is a noble building, fituate on that fide of the Seine, oppoHte the Louvre The Samaritan is a beautiful edifice, at the end of the bridge leading to the Louvre, and contains an engine for conveying the water of the Seine to all the parts of the ville. The Hotel de Ville is an an- cient ftruAure; this tribunal Aands in the Place de Greve, where all public rejoicings are celebrated, and common malefaAors executed. The moil inter- tfting of the manufadtures of Paris is plate-glafs, and tapeftries made after the pidturesof tbegreateft matters. In theen- Tirons are excellent free-ftone and abund- ance of gypfum. Paris now forms, with a fmall diftri A round it, one of the depart- ments of France. [This city, on March 3 If 1814, furrendered to the emperor of Kuflia and bis allies.] It it 210 m sse London, 6»s w Vienna, and vj'* mne Madrid. Lot)^.» ao s, lak. 4« 50 n. PAR I'tirijt a town of Kentucky, chief of Bourbon county. It is fituate in a fine plain, watered by a fmall river, 30 m r. Frankfort. Parkgattt a village in Chefhire, on the efluury of the D'*e, la m nw ChrDfr. It has a (trong pin and a rommodiotis terrace, and packet-boats frequently Uil hence to Ireland. Parma, or Parmefatit a duchy of Italy, under which name are inclii(!<>d the duchies of l*arma Proper, Piacenzjj, and Ouaftalla. It u bounded on the w and N by Milanefe, k by Modenefe, and s by Tufcany and Genua. The foil \% fertile in corn, wine, oil, hrnip, nnd palture ; and there are fome inconfuier* able mines of copper and lilver. The celebrated Parmefan cheefe is no longer made in this country, but at l,odi in Milanefe, and fome other places. Thii duchy, in 1808, was annexed to France, under the name of the department ok Taro. Parmot a fortified city of Italy, capi. tal of a duchy of the fame name, and a bifhop's fee, with a citadel, and a uni< verfity. It has a mag liiicent cathedral, many beautiful churche)), and handfome ftreets. The cupola of the cathedral, and the church of St. John, are paintad by the famous Correggio, who was a native of this place. In the church of the Capuchins, is the tomb of the cele> brated Alexander Farnefc. The other moft remarkable places are the ducal palace, with its gallery and collection of artificial curioQcies ; a famous theatre, capable of containing 14,000 fpedtatori; a large Benedidtine convent, in whicb 12,000 foldiers were quartered in 1734J the Palazzo Giardino, a ducal palace connedted with the town ; and the pro- menade, between the town and citadel. The inhabitants, about 38,000, trade in filk and BIk (lockings- In 1734, a bat. tie was fought here between the Aui- trians and the French and Sardinians, in which the former were defeated. Parma is (ituate on a river of the fame name, which divides it into two parti, united by three bridges, 40 m nw Mo. dena, and 60 se Milan. Lon. 10 30 k, lat. 44 jo N. Parnafust or Parnaftt a mountain of European "^ Vcy, in Livadia. It hai two iummt , one famous for being confecrated to Apollo and the Mufes, and the other to Bacchus. It is the hi^heft in Greece, and has a fine foun- tain, fuppofcd to be the ancient Caftalia. It is 8 m N Livadia. Parot or Ptrrogougt a town of Boo- tan, with a caftle, the rcGdence of a go- 1 vernor. It is famous for the manufaAore ;gio, who was a Par «f idolii. and the forginf^ nt' IWonls, li);gi'r», and arrow*. It (itniU on the P^tcliieii, ill A frrtile vallc/i to ni t by iTafTirudon. h'nrou an iflmd of lh« Archiprlago, on.'ofthcC'ycladei, to the w of Naxa. It i< 10 in long aih\ K hriMil, ami the foil well cultivated. The tridc coiifil's in wheat, barle/t wine, and pidff, and in calicO" It onct* produced a gicat (Jfal of oil, hut the Veneti.in army Imriit all the olive trees. This ifl.«nd wan an- ciently dedicated to Kicchiis, on ac- count of it! excell<-nt winct; and his bten fo famotu for itt marble, that thi* l)«ftc.irvcr» would make ufcof no other. Thofe excrllrnt ll.ituarii'8, Phidi.is and Praxitelci, were natives of thisilland; ind the famoui Arundeiian marblef), at Oxford, were brought from this place. Paro.1, or Pnrechia, the capital of the ide of Paros, and ii bidiop's Ue. It wan oncethr largeft and molf powerful town of the Cyclidei* ; but in greatly decayed. The walla of the caftle are built of an- cient pieces of marhle« and mod of tlie columns au placed longwifej l()me of them that ftand upright, fupport cor- nices of ama/ing fize. The natives build their houfes of marble, which they find ready cut to their hands ; but they take no care to place the pieces in a regular manner; their fields likewife are encloled with friezes, altars, and baflbrelievos. 1'he inhabitants formerly were great fculptora and ikilful archi- te^s, but now arc mere carver* of mor- tars and falt-cellars- Faros is fituate on the w coaft of the ifland. Lon. 25 44 i.lat. 378N. Parrast a town of New Spain, in New Bifcay, in a beautiful fituation, where a fpecies of wild vine is cultivated. It ftands near a lake of the fame name, 76 m w Saltillo. Parret, a river that rifes in the s part of Somerfetfliire, receives the Ivel and Thone, and enters the Briftol channel, at Bridgwater bay. ParraAtatta, a town of New S Wales, with a church, court-houfe, and gaol } feated near the head of the harbour of Port Jackfon, 13 m w Sydney. P»rtenkirch, a town of Bavaria, in the county of Werdenfels, 20 m s by e Weilheim. Parthenay^ a town of France, in the department of Two Sevres, with a con- fiderable trade in cattle and corn ; feated on the Thouc, aims Thours, and a8 NNE Niort. Partoncraig, a fcrry-town of Scot- ^nd, in Fifelhire, near the mouth of the triih of Tay, 9 m nnw St. Andrew. PAS Park, a town ""d fort of Brafll, la the jiKiii.liction of Para. It in fituate on the N lidc of the head of theefluary of the Amazon, zoo m from the oceun. Lon. 54 jc vv, I.it. I 50 %. Pitrufianauu, a town of Hindooft.m, ill MtUlMriCoiit-iining about 7:, ihoiifea built of Hone, Ceaird near the mouth of a river, la m s Calicut. Piiri/s, a moimiain of Wales, on the N Lon. 15 17 r.. lat. 36 40 N. I'iij/'(trof thf fame name. Itll.mdaon thcD.iiiube, whfie it receives tlie Inn and 11/; and by tlu'fo rivero i» divided into four parts; namely, PafTaii, Inlladt, lllladt, Jind the fortified cafllc of OlK-riiaun, on the mountain St. George. Pallauiiion thtr s fide of the Danubci fcparated hy the Inn on the k from InlUdt; thffotlu-r two are oa the n fide of the Danube, patted by the lla, and the forlrois is united to PalFau by a bridge. This city is cele- brated f«)r the tr<'aty, or religious peucc* concluded here in 1552. In 1662. the cathedral and greatelt part of the town vrere confumed by tire, but they have been handfbmely rebuilt. It \» 65 ni K8E Ratifbon, and 135 w by n Vienna. Lon. 13 ja t!, Ut. 48 ^4 n. PaJJenhelni' a town of Pruflla, in the province of Gocrland, 40 m s Heilflierg. Pafft^nano, a town of Italy, in Peru- ginoi on the n coall of tho lake Perugia, 17 m Nvv Peruj;ia. PaJJ'o del Sorte, a town of New Mexico, with a fortrefs. The environs produce abundance of corn, wine, and iruit, and feed g'eat nunibi-ru of Iheep And cows. It d.'Jids vn the iighti)ank of the iJio del Nuitc, near tl. borders of New DIfc!!'/, 240 m n Chii 'jaliua, and Z70S bt. Fe. Lon. 104 44 w, lat. J2 14 N. Pajfy, a villai^c of Fr.ince, in the de- partment of Paris, rear tho town of St. Deiiys. litre is a confidenble manu- facfture for fpeeddy bleaching cottou and linen cloth. P/f. t/lrt le, PAT raneit a town of Spain, in Nrw Callile, .)j m 1^. .Madrid. l*4iluxonia, a country in the molt r()Uthern part of 8 America, hotuiilr^i on thr N by Paraguay and Chili, ainl txtt-nding I team on the r itlrrn co.iitJ from the river Plita to the llr.iiti of Mageltan. The natives of Pataktonu an- tall, Aout. and well rnadi', foinr ni th< in lix I'l-et five inches in height i hur thi'ir h inds and fert are remarkal>|^ finall. Their colour it a kind of hr(jnzf 'i'hcy are all painted nearly in the larnr m.inni'r-, the circles rt)und the tworyd are, fome white and red, and fomcrrj and black. Their teeth are remarkably white and well fct. They have noothtr clothing tlnn Ikinx, which they wijr with the hair inward ; and a pircr of leather covers the private parts. Thii country has no timber in the s p.irt!, though the N containfl un imimnlr (luantity, and numerous Hocks of cittlr. 'I'hc K coaft is generally low. The principal harbour is that of port ti. Julian. Patak, a town of Hungary, withi protcfiant college, fituatc on the L torcza, a.; m lisi Caffovia. Patana, a city and didriA of Myforr See Sfrinffafutam- Pntani, a town on the nr coaft of the peninlula of Malaya, capital of a king- dom of the fame name, with a wt ll-ilc- fended harbour. The inhabitants have fome trade with the Chinrfc. It is ^ct m N by w Malacca. Lon. 100501, lat. 7 5 N. Patayt a town of France, in the dt- partinent of Loirct, where the Eitjiliiii i were defeated in 1439, by Juan of .Ait. It is i5 m NwOrlean^. PaUli \ fee Putala. Ptihrno, a town of Sicily, in ValJi] Di-niona, built on the ruins of HyL!i. li) c Kbritcd for its honey. It is 15111 w Catania. Pathhead, a vilj.ige of Sct)l)nni!, in Fifelhirc, 2 m vv Dyliirt. It Imh loii; been r,imoii$ for a ir..uuifa*5lute ni lui >, and ntnv includes diflirenl braiiclus of | wenyJDg woollen and linen. l\,hnos, or I'ati/io, an illaiu! nf thel Arc!iipcbpo, lying 26 m sof theiflfuM Sanns. It is 20 in in circn''. and ons of tiie niofl Isureii in the .Auhipi'liKo; but famous for being the place whirc| Pa/iot or St. Juan de Pojlo, a town of St. John coinpoi-ii the book ot Ucvtli New Granada, in Popayan. Mere are wooden manufaiJtun u, varniflied fn .in to refemble japan, and highly edrcnu-d. It ffands in a plain, at the fkiit of a lofty mruntain, 120 m n by E Quito. Lon. 77 6 w, lat. i 14 n. ililccf with I tion. A few valncs only are cap lume cullivatit-n; but it abounds partridge-., rabbits, quails, lurtKs, p:- ptfons, and fnipes. Jn the niidil of ilie illand rifi.-s a mountain, teiininattd by the convent of St. Jolin j the abbot oi V*l' • ,ii(»r The hern I iton t'le fide o FAT I vMch Id thf prlnn* of the country, nnd p,ty«.i (crt'tin trilti.tr to the uraml t'ciK* ,;i„r The hermit 'Kfof the Apocalyplc I lion thr Titlr i)t' the mountiin t)ciwevii the convent anil thi* port ot* ScaU It Icidi to the church of the ApotMlyple, which Ik built nt;.iin(t u ^rttttu In .1 rxl^* |M)inteil out an the afyluni of St. J.ihii, tlurlnjc hi* exile nt Patnios. The inhjl)it.intfcnrf chiefly Hn'tk ChrilHan», iiiliir'4(>r Ihip builtlcri t and havf liimu |ir.iii<' in cotton, nnd Iticking* of their nwii maniif.iiitiire- Tin- women iin* ^r* Irrrjlly (>rftty, hut they disfigure tlunw lulvri by th«( excefiivc iilc of paint. Il.iti ^^ 34 K, l:it ^^ 24 N. iW«, tcityof Nipanl, jmasKofthr L'lpit'tl, C.itm.indu, .'uul nc.ir the Hog- Iiniitty, which flow* w Ix'twicn tin* two LiMcH. It iH not (o l,ir);c as C.itmuMd.i, Ihiit lit * ncHi-r town, andcontam:) foine liiiii I'liiiie t-diflceH. Piituii, a city nlllind lortan, r.ipit.d Inf IMi If, f..'it«'il on the ri>!;ht bnnk of the l(i*n){niil firtifi>'d with a wall nndciiu- |(|ii In till' cit.kdel were confiui-d the Iprirmer* t.ikt-n in i;^»4, by Mcer Col- ll'p, nal)i)b of niiiv'al. I)y wholi- oidcr Vny Wvic 'nidrii r. d. The buildings ;iu; Mill, but till' flru'ts ;tre n.uioiv. It is ipl.iC'of coiilid' rible tradf, 400 m nw ;,ilciitt;i. I,on 8_so^,l•^l 2.5.15". I'atrast a feiport of l.nropcan Tur- Ity, in Slorea, and a Greek archtii* lop's li f . The Jews, who arc one lliirdof tlic inli.il)! ants, hffvc four fyna- foijiifs, and tliero arc K-veial handfonne iolqiie« and On-ek churches. The brinclp^il artick's of tiadc arc filk, lea- Iher, honey, wa\, manna, curr.ints, pottippraitateK, tit "hs, ,,nd orainjis. It Is leitted on tlw 'ide of a mountain, near Ihc entranc. of jhe gulf of Icpanto, Lm8w Lrp.uito. L'Mi. 21 45 k, lat. \i 17 ^f. Pi/r/Vi, a town of Naples, in Tirr.i iLaior", near a lake of the lame name» |jm NW NapM. I'atrica, a town of Itrjly, in C.impag- |idi Roiua, 13 m a Rome. Patrick, St a town of the Rate of Bforgij, chief of Camden county. It is pati' (»n t/»p Great Sitilla, 30 m from [s miuith, and 31 Nw of the port of M.uy. I'atrimony 0/ St. Ptter, a province Htalyjin the Ecclcfialtical Siat*', 43 ra [ngaml 30 broad ; bounded on the N 'Orvictto, E by UmbHa and Sabina, [by Campagna di Romana. and sw by ■b. It is faid to lie io called, be- hk it was granted by emperor Con- Vntine, tu iupport a church he had PA V hnllt in lionuur ot St. Pctrf, atal for Die uic of the pi>pe The country i» fcrtde in Corn .md iiiiit, and produce* marh alum. Vttcrtu) 11 the capit d. I'atrhij^lon, a tov\n in V. Vorklltire, with a uurkrt un Saturday, lieu lh« Roman ru.id from the \\ guebar, 10 m in circuit, at the in nth ut' a rivr ofihe f.4me nante it u inhabit* cd chiifty by Arabians, who trade in ivory .4nd llavcn Lon 4^ o k, lat. i 561. I rttltirt, .1 town .)f N.tpaiil, c iniain- ing It-veral trmplci, and about 14,000 honfei. 10 m K^n Catmandu. I'tittfn/fti, a town ol Lower Saxony, in the piiiicip.dity of Calenberg, 7 in a by I Hanover. I'atti, a (i-aport of Sicily, in Val dl Demon. I, and a bidiop's fee. Here ate many ch'itcluH ai'<| lich convt-uts, aiul a c nlidciable manuiat^tiire of e'rthen ware. Four miicii to the Nf., on a tufty r-ape, covered with white olive treeii, .ire liime ruu)H (^f tin* once famous city of Tindari. The town ii (e.i'cd on ihc t{nlf of Patti, jS m w Mellina. Lou- 15 17 h, lal 3H V N. Puttiarji, a town of liindooftaii, in the country of Oude, 55 m nw CanogUi and 55 KNE A^'ra. P chief mtlclra c)l coinmerfr arc cnrn, hrmp. ch»cl>. anil wm»» F«>iir m from ln< rily ia Ihr abhfy of ( hiuraviillr , crlihratnl fir ii« mtfiuft riicc aiiii nth oriamrnta p4«i4 na* rftrii brrn l^krn, thi* lift time by thf Prrnch in lUoe It i« (• »t- "t nr.ir iia cxnfiuK with Ihr Po. 44 m » by • M't'in. Ion 9 I If r, lai. 45 13 M Paul, Si. (in inaiid \ fee AmJIiriam. PtVtt^Sl, » priivinccot Iiraiil,anil the mod fdtithrrn on^, exffpt ih.ii of Rt-y Th« capital, uf the r.im« name, waa foundfil in i,s70i by fomr malelaAora tntntportrd trnm Pnrtii);at. and beciine a kind (It' iii(lc|)('ndi nt icpulilic, hut at lad liibinittt'd tn (he Porlii)!iirlr. I he city contain! tight churchr't and tlir tiihabi(.int* are rftim.itid at i8,o''o. It ia fttuate on an cminincr, amid rich fncaduwi interfered by nvuie'it <;4 m jiiw S'lntoa. Lon 46.S8 w, tui. t.^ 31 a. Paul, Si. a tt>Mfn ot Francr, in the dep.iitment of Pas de C'alaii, 18 m WM7 Arraii. /*«!./, .SV. .1 town of France, in the alcp.irtmfiit uf Upper Vicnm*, 10 m ik Limoges. Paul, St. a town of France, In the department of Gir, on thv river £gii, ]« m Nt U'/cii. Ptiu/, St, a town of Fr^ince, in the deparlmrnt of \'ar, 7 m w Niti". Paul de I'tnouillediJt St. A town of France, in the drpartmrnt of EaAcrn Pynnre*. 18 m wnw Pi'ipit^nan Ptiu/ (fe Lto/t, St. » town of France, in the depaitmcnt ol Finiflirrc, on a )>ay of the Englini cliaiml, ,)o m ve Brcft. Lon. 4 o w, iat. 4H 41 n. Pau/ de Oniajfurj, St. a town of Amazonii, on the !» fide of th«' river Ama/.on, and on theborderiof Piru. Lon 69 10 w, l^t. ^ 10 s. Paul 'J'roij Chateaux, St. a town of Trance, in the departiiieiu of Drome, on the fule uf u hilli 16 m s iMontc- limar. Paula, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citra, featcd near the fea, 12 m wnw Cofenza. Pmulogad, a town of Riiflla, in the fovrriimfnt of Catharint-nn f, 32 m t CatharinenHaf- Loq. 35 54 k, lat- 47 10 N. Paulvti/koi, a town of H 11 (Iia, in the tovcrnment of Voronft/; ftatcd on a high Tandy banic uf the Don, 98 m bs£ Voronetz Pavoajan, the capital of the ide of 6ttThom4^. on the cuaA uf Gumca, PAZ and the fee of • bi(hop,wtlh 1 fort, lAd a |0«mI hailxiur. it it iituatc undti itx cqiialo'. in Ini.l^^a w P»uja, a toMrn of Upper Saiony, In V()i^tif", a mnunMin % m w Napln, ccltbrated lor a grKtlo. whiih ii a p4|. liifr cut thriiugh the mountain ue^r « nltc In length, «e fed in hreadih, 4r4 jO in height People ot f^Onon frif. rally drivr ihrnntih ihi» pitfTligr ««iih torchr»| but ly country people fin of I thai or Corfu. It Ih part of the lepubiic of Scvi-ii IdandH, and pri monie, and 73 nw Seville. Puyi d^ laud, a m-w canton of Swii- ferlaiid, extending along (he lake of G^| iicva, and rifing gradually from the cJ^tl of that lake. 1 hir diflri^ wastoimrrljfl under the dominion of the cant< n ofj Bern. It it richly laid out in vintyardi,| corn-fieldR, and nicadowH, and cht(|u(r>| ed with many village!! and towns. uu<| fanne ii ih< capital. Paz, a city of ^■eru, capital of aprol vincL' of it I name, in the audictice of I Chai'cas, and a biihop's ft-e. B« fide ittl catriedral, it containo four chuiclitiaol liofpital, a college, .nnd fevPralcinvfiiliT It in featt d at the foot of a mounts n.ioj a valley abounding in wine and fruitJ aao m Nw Plata. Lon. 68 15 w, U| »7 .=}o s. , Paz, a town of Nrw Spam, in >H choacan, the capital of a diltridtabouoJf iug in ma'/e and vines. It is 130 m i**! Mexico. Lon. ico aU w, lal. so^*! Pazzj^, a town of European wl ,wtth • fort, iM iltkulc uiiilt r ih( ITpprr Saiony, In tin ! m «• N«pl", o. whuh ii t pji- mutiutaln ut->r * (t In tirradih, ii\i Ir «)l f«fliM)n ffi f- ihil puflfkyr «iith iintry pcuple Anti liht which cntrii ind at two luiln nuuiiuin. ixar ihf >. On (he tip lit t tomb of Vir|il, • Ate covered wnli W PruflTn, in P* c().tft ol thr guiftif )anizic. I of Khoilr in^nd, ly, fituutt on both c lamf name, at iii Jeiice rivei, 5 mi the Mctlitcrraiion , a litilf to tlif >o(j part of the irpnbk nd prt'tluc<» wiiif, San N'colo i» thH » a good hatbotir. I of Swi(Tirl.ind, ml on tbt river Droyf, of Spain, in Andi- r Chaiiza and Itun. i m N by t Ayj- Seville. ifw canton of Swi:- long ihc lake of G^| iludlly from the (d|!«l diftriil wastoimtflifl 11 of thf cant' II ofl aid out invinyardi,! adowB, and chtQiifl-r cbaudtownj. UJ 'Ml, capital ofaprol in the audictice ofl p'h fee. R« lide ibel Ob four chuicbti mI niidfeveralcfnvtiiti.| jot of anioiiiit.in.iol in wine and frunJ Lon. 68 ij w, Ul Nrrfor.iiion«, and (Uiici turiofliift Th*" * Wonder* of the Pcik' have Hero crlrl)r4l«il l>oth in profe and vcif. ( 4nd tliry are noticed in thi* work under thi* Rrticl«>t Buxton, Ca^leton. Chatfworth, and Tidrfwrll. y^mn JjlttnJj, ill indi« iviog in the tiay of Pjnai-tn. Thi> inhabUantt of Pana- ma h.«vc i>iant;ition« on them Pt right b.iiill of th<* Daniiltr Th** river ii n ry wide \ and herr the Komani, who failed it Pr«cl.ira, h«id a harbour for thfir navy. It ii 14 m w 8t. Foltcn. aii(l4H ■ l.intr.. Ptrr]ufHt$ur, a town of Friincp. In the drptrlment of Nord, featcd on th« 8carp«", 5 m B Doiiiy Ptdff, A rivi'r of thr United St.»tri, which rifftt in N Citrolini, loul it there call''d the Y.idkin : on cntcnnK 8 Ca- rolina, it taki'H th»' name ..f Pcdi-e, and flow* into VV'ynyaw h.i y, .if OcorK* town. )f ItJ m IK Capo d'lftria. i'tJeniit a town of Italy, in lllria, a5 Ptderneira, .1 town of Portug.»l, in Eilremadura, on the rcacoaft, 3,:) m sw Li'iru. iW harbour, or lake, at the month of a river of ihe fame name, which hat fometimps the prefix of Riu (iranile, and is defended by many forts, fome of which are upon illets. The vicinity is extremely populous, and hfncc great qu-inlities of corn, hides, and ilrit-d beet are exported. Lon 523 w, lat. 3a 20 s. Pedro, St. one of the iflands in the Pacific ocean, cilKd Marquelas. Lon. '385' vv, lat.9 58 8. Peebles, a borough of Scotland, capi- tal of Peeblesfliire, featedon the Tweed, •TV which U «n elegant bridge It baa p r. o manufaAuret of carptii and (efgu. «n4 it notrd (w I icrllrnt tx-rr. On • pio* |''e)in| rock, near the Tweed, (land* Nidp.tth taftlr \ *niX nil an eminence on the r liuuU llorl< bury caltk. Prcliica cuniaincd lolfl inhabitants in iHoi, and a4l$ in till. Ilia IS m a Edmburg. Lon. f 7 w, lat <5 40 m. Pnhlnjhtrt, % county of Scotland. 39 m long .iiid n hnad t b«>unded on the N by Edinburgfhir<', 1 by 8«lkirk« (hire, n hy Dumtriettkirc. and w by l.iiorkdurr It it divided into 16 ua* rilhcn, und lendt a member to purlia* mrnt The number of inhabitants wai il7t^ in iMoi,and«9tt in ilif . In thia county their it not much arable Und. The hilU (.imong which aie thofr of Twerdfmuir; abound with (atubrious rpringi, and feed numbers of (beep and cattle. The principal rivers are th« Tweed and Lync \ the former divides the county nearly into twocqiiil pirtSi and hence it ii fometimes called Twee* dale Peek/iill. a town of New York, In W < heller county, on the n flde of a creek of the fame name, 5 m from its en* tr.inc>- into Iludfon riveri and 50 K New York. Peel, a town on the w coaft of the ilU' of Man, (itu.ite on a fpaciout b-if. At the » extremity of the bay it Peel ifle, a rock of great mignitude and height, on the fummit of which it a caftle. and the cathedral of the iflt (very ruinouH) dcdic.ited to St. Germain, the Hrll billiop. who lived in the fifth ecu* tury. The town is much decayed, and the inhal)itants an* indulcni and poor. It is to m wNW Douglas. Lon. 4 40 w, lat. 54 13 N. Peer, a town of the Netherlands, in the territory of Liege. 24 m knw Maellricht. Peettr, a river of Germany, which ifTucs from (()rae lakes in Mecklenburg, flows through Hither Pomerania to the wrftern branch of the Oder, which is thence called Peeno, and runt by Wol- gad into the Baltic Tea, at Peenrmunde- In the latter part of its courfe it fepa- rates Hither and Farther Pomerania. Peenemunde, \ town and fort of Fur- ther Pomerania. in the ifli? of Ufcdom, and the refidencc of the governor of the iOand. It commands the entrance and mouth of the Pecnc, near whioh it Hands, 6 m n by k Wolgaft. Lon. 13 35 R, lat. 548 N. Pegan, a towrn of Upper Saxony, in Miihia, fituate on the Elfter, lo m ssw Leipzic. Ptgau^ a town of Germany, in Stiriiii I. \ I \ V \ ' 'i '\% 4 '• ii ^ |b ■[* v^ \ r \ « li^ 1 m '\- ifti. ! ^ ;• .1 'i '• ; i" ! PEG near whicliarc tonlidenlilc lead mines. It i» IVaicd n<'ar Ihc Mucr, 9 in nkw Grafz. Prgna (If i'laniifj, a town of Spain, in Li.(.n, 27 in ssk C;iu1:\(l Rudiitro. P:sr„.,jitl, a town ot Sp:ii;i, in I. ton, with .1 p.ilacf, and a (Ikmih i-aftlc- It is i'eaU'd at lh<' foot «)f a nv.xintain, near tlic Doiiro, 38 m t St. V.iiladolid. Lon. ^ ; w, Int. 41 3.^ N. Pff^iiafirme, a town of Portiipa', in Eiticmailiiri, at tl;c mouth of ll.tMon- gtila, 36 m NN^-. IJIbon. /•'f_i;';/rj//or, ,T town i)t Spain, in A ft mi is, fiated 01. ihf Pr: w Aviia Pesritx., a town o*" Franc nia, in the princip. lity of liayicutn, on a river of the fame name, near iti fource, j o m s Bayreuth. Pegnch di P'elez, a fcapoit and for- trcfa of the kingdom of Fez, feated on a rock in the Meditcrrrinpan, ne;;r tlio town of Velez. It was built by the Spaniards in ii^cB. taken by the Moors in 1512, and retaken in 1664- It is 73 m SE Couta. Lon, 4 16 vv, lat. 35 la n. Pr_'u, a kingdom of Afia, bounded on the N by iiitmth, w and s by the bay of Bengal, and e by Siam It is ■very fruitful in corn, roots, pulfe, and fruit ; and the other produds are teak, elephantg, elephants teeth, bees wax, lac, lalipetre. iton, lead, tin, petro- leum, very fine rubies, fmall diamonds, and plenty of lesd, of which they make their money. The inhabitant & are but thinly clad, and the belt among them wear neither fhoes nor (lockings- The women are mu. h fairer ti.an the men, fmall, but v\eii piopoitioncd. Ifthewife proves falfe, the tinfband may fell her for a nave- There are a vaft number of ttmples in this country, moftly of 'prood, vavniHied and gilt. The pri« fts have ground allowed them, which they cultivate for their fnbfiftence : they are called Talapoins, and inculcate chatity as thehightff virtue ; affirming that re- ligion to be the bf It vtfbich teaches men to do the n.cft good. They have idols |p their U|Rpics> in » fittLif pottufe, PEI crofs-legged, and with very larpe earc. Thty have various forts of muiic, but tlic pipe and tabor are ttU'emed the belt, in the low flat part of the coun- try which is liable t'- hs overflowed, the honfes are hiult upon Hakes, and in time of inundations, th- inhib'tanti comn.unicate with cacli other liy boats. Pigu was long an indipeniknt king- dom, and in 1752. cotKine ed the king- dom »»f Birm.ih ; but .Mompra, uliotn tlif king of Pe/u had continued as thief at Mon^-haboii, foon afieiward revolt- ed, and in 173;, rctluced Pegu to a de- pendent province on Biim di- Pegu, a city of the kingdom of the fame name, eri(5trd en the file of the former city, wh ih w-ts ruined, in 1757, by the king of Brmah. 'l"hc aneant c ty was a quadran/,le, each fuU- ir.ra- furing ne.irly a n.ilc and nali, and lur- rounded by (Iron), walls aiul othtr forti- fications, now in ruiti.s. The piefent city occupies about one-fourth of tlic forn^er area. On the n and k. fides it borders on the old wall, and is fenced rout'd by a lloel< de. Here is a grand temp'e, wtiith ha.s been r.ewlj tnibel- hihtd- i lie king of llirmah has htre a viceroy, who rcfides in the fort. It is li.Mtid on a river of the fame name, 300 m s U I'.r.ierapoora. Lou. 96 11 e, lut. 1 7 40 N . Pti-ho, or Jfhtte-rtvery a river of China, in Pc-lchch which pafies near Pi-kn)g, and by the citie- of Tong- ichi-u and Tien-fing, inti) the Ytllow li;a. Th»; tide (lows no m, and fre- quently fubmerges the flat country on its banks. Peina, a town of Lower Snxony, in the principality of Hi.deflieim, with a palace and a capuchin convent. It was foimerly deemed a fortrefs. and ftanda in a mai'lhy country, on the river Fufe, 16 m w Brunl'vvick. Pfipus, or TchtiJjloi, a large lake of RufTia, between the governments of Peteifburg and Riga. The river Narova IfTues from this lake, by which it has 3 communication, at Narva, with the gulf of Finland. Peijhore, or Pijljour, a town of Can- dahar, in the province of Cabyl, 55 m NNW Attnck, and 95 ssE Ca')ul. Peijkrftjcham, a town of {Lilefia, in the principality of Oppeln, 30 m se Oppeln. Peitz, a tovim of Brandenburg, in the Ucker mark. It has manufaiilures 01 cloth and yarn ; and in the neighbour- hood are iron-works. It (Haflds on the Maukle, which runs into the Spree, 10 ra »»£ CotbWi »ini 37 s«is FraoWort, r 'w :ry larpe eari, ot" mulic, but trti't-med the t of tli>; C(nm- )C oviMfl'iweil, llaki's, and in h - inhabitanti otliev l>y biuts. pcrii'ciU kiiig- [10 ed the king- lompra, whom itiiiued as cliief iciward revolt- ] Pfk-u to a de- m \h- ;ingdom of tlic tbe file of the ruined, in ir57» The .■nicicnt each fuH' i"''.i- il hall', and I'ur- iatulothtr birti- u Tlu' piiii-nt u'-fourtb of tlic ■J and K fidcsi it II, and is finctd Here is a ijrand i;n r.cwl^ tmbel- irmah bar. htre a 1 tbe fort. It is fame name, 300 Lou. 96 II K, lut. kier, a river of hich p:\fles near citic of 'I'nng- inti.) the Yellow no m, and fre- le flat country on lower Snxony, in (iiflieim, with a leonvent. 1' was tiefs. and ftanda n the river Fufe» ^, a large lake of liovernmcnts of Mie river Narova Ly which it has 3, larva, with the a town of Can- of Cab'il, 55 "" IssE Ca')ul. w of eilefia, in [ppeln, 30 m sb jndeiibuvg, In the irianiifaaures 01 ri the neighbour- It flattids on the ito the Spree, 10 57 s'srBranlrfo'^i r E K PEL Peking, the capital of the empire of llttlft ftrecvs have lattice pitcs at their China, in the pmviiiCL of Pc-tchc-li. Its nail'- Ii;^r.ilic3 the Nortlu-ni Court, to dilHiij?ui(li it from Nan-king, tbe Southern Court, where the empiTor t'onncily relidi-d. This capital tomns an oblonj: iquare, a' d is divided into two citif's ; one inh.ibited by Chiin-rc, the other by Tart irs. Thcle two cities, oxchilive of (he fuburbs, are iicirly 14 • in in civc.iit. The walls are a8 feet high, i\ tnick at the bafe, and 12 at the top ; and there are fpaci»nis towers at 70 feet diftince from each other. The gate* ire liigh, and well arched, fiippoitiiig buililiiigs of nine (lories hint) ; the biwefl: of which is for the fokhers when they come ofi" guard : thiy are nine in number, three in the s wall, and in each of the other fides two. The middle gate, on the 9 lide, op'Jiis into the Tartar, or imperial city, wiiich 18 a fpace within the general en- clolure, about a mile from n to s, and three-fourths of a mile from E to w, with a rivulet winding through it. A wall of laigc red pobihed bricks, i6 feet high, covered with a roof of tiles painted yellow and varBi(bcd,furrouiids this fpace, in which are contained the imperial palace ih.l gardens, the public offices, lodgings for the miniflers, the emuiciis, artificers, and tradefmen be- longing to the court. Between the otiier two gates in the s wall, and the cppoiite ones on the n fide of the city, run two (traight (treets, each 4 m long and no feet wide One ftreet of the fame widJi runs trom one of the eaftcrn to the correipor.ding vveftern ^,ate, but the other is interrupted by the impu- rial City, round the walls of which it is carried. The other ftrerts branch from thele main ftreets at right angles, and are very narrow. The houfes have no windows nor openingo to the (Ireet, except the great Ibops ; moll of them are poorly built, and have only a ground floor. It is aftonifliing to fee the concourfe of people that are in the main ftreets, yet not one Chinefe wo- man among them, and the confufion occafioned by the number of hories, camels, mules, afles, wagons, carts, and chairs ,' without reckoning the fcveral mobs which gather about the juggler?, ballad-fingers, &c. Perfons of diftinc- tion have always a horfeman to go be- fore them and clear the way. All the great ftreets are guarded by foldiers, who patrole night and day with fwords by their fide^, and whips in their hands, to chaftife thofe who make any Me of the llupcudous pile of buildings of which the palace confifts, is entirely difTcrnu from that of the Hu- ropeans ; and they are covered with tiles of a fhining beautiful yellow. The tem- ples and tbe towiMs of Peking arc lo nu- merous thit it is difficult to count them. Frovifions of all kinds arc ex- ceedingly plentiful, they being, as well as the nietclnn(»rt with boie.H live inches in diameter, are their buckets or cifterns. The (hell of the tortoile ig hire remarkal)ly beautifu'; and the na- tive;} have the art of n.oulding it into little trays or difhe.^, and fpoonn. Som>> of the great ladies have alio bracelets of the fame manufa<5lure, and earrin^^s in- laid with (hells ThePtlcwans, in ge- neral, are llout and well made, rather above the middle ftaturc, and ot a deep copper colour. Their hair is. long, and g'-nerally formed into one large looli! curl round their heads. The men are entin-ly naked; but the woiten wear two little aprons, one before, the other behind. Bodi fexesare tattowed. hare their teeth made black by art, and the cartilage between the noftrils bored, through which they frequently put a fprig or blofTom of fome plant or (hrub. The men have the left ear bor^d, and the women both ; a few of the firft wear beads in the perforated tar, the latter either put fome leaf through, or an ear- ring of tortoife-(hell inlaid. Both fexet are expert at fwimming ; and the men are admirable divers. Abba Thullc, the king of the ifland, entertained fuch an opinion of the Englith, that he ptr* mitted his fecond fun, Lee lioo, to ac- company them to England, where they arrived in 1784. In a few months after this hopeful youth died of the finallpox, and the E India Company ercdlcd a mo- nument over his grave in Rotherhithc churchyard. The E India Company, fenfible that there remained obligations for them to fulfil, equipped two vclTeli at Bombay, under the commard of cap- tain Ai'Cluer, which arrived at thefe idands in January 1791. A joyful and afTefting interview look place between the Eng!i(h and the Pclewans; and Abba Ihulle bore the intelligence of the deatli ot Lee Boo with great forti- tude- When the prcfents were landed, coniifttng of cattle, (heep, goats, pigs» &c. together with arms, grindftoneg, (hovels, (awsy and other utenfils, the PEM multitude were (truck with amazement; the king himfelf was at a lofs how to cxprcfs his gratitude* and, In retiirn» madf a prcfent of one of the iflandsto the Enghlh, which waa taken pofTrflion of with the ufual formalities. Captuiii .M'CiuLT leaving one fhip behind to fu- pcrintcnd the gardens, plantations, and live (lock, proccrded with the other to Cant) n ; Come of the natives voluntarily accompanying him. He returned to Pclcw in June ; but thinking his bene- volent mi(riori not yet completed, he failed with both (hips to New Guinea and Bcncooli-n, and returned again in January 1793, with two full cargoe: of cattle and (lores. During his at)friice Abba ThuUe had died, and his brother had i'ucceeded to the fovereignty. Tlie munificent gratitude of the ii- India Company has been attended with com- plete fucce(i'; the live ftock having {rrcatly multiplied, and the rice produc- ing two abundant crops every year. A (inall trade is now carried on occafion- ally by the Englifti, between Pjjew and China. Pelijj'ane, a town of France, in the department of Mouths of the Rhone, 15 m wNw Aix. PeUerin% a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Loire, fituatc on the Loirt^, with a harbour tor fmall vefTels, 10 m N Nantes, and ij se P.iinboeuf. Pemba> an ifland in the Indian ocean, neartbe coaft of Zanguebar, about 100 m in circuit, governed by a king, tribu- tary to the Purtuguefe. Lon. 41 10 e, lat. 4 "^o s. Pemba, a town of the kingdom of Congo, capital of a province of the fame name. It is feated on the Loze, 90 m ssE St. Salvador. Lon. 14 40 e, lat. 6458- Pembridffe, a town m Hereford (hire, vrhofe market is now dilufvd. It has a manufadture of woollen cloth, and is feated on the Arrow, 7 m w Leominder, and 144 WNW London. Pembroke^ '-^ tjwn of MaflTachufets, in Plymouth county, fituate on North river, remarkable for its depth of water, though in fome places not more than 50 feet wide. VeflTcls of 300 ton» are built PEN neighbouring limeftont* quarries. It it furrounded by a wall (pirt in ruins) ,with three gates, has a c^dle on a rock, in which Henry vii wis horn, and three churches- The n 'mbtr of in- habitants was 1842 in 1801, and 3415 in 181 1. It is ID m 8 by E Haverford- WL-d, and 363 w by N London. Lon. 4 48 w, lat. 51 43 N. Pembrokejhird, a county of Wales, fur- rounded on all fides by the (ea, except on the E, where it is bounded by Car- marihenlhire and Cardigan(hirp. It is 37 m. long and a8 broad, containing 368,000 acres, is divided into fevcn hundreds, and 14a parirttes; haf'one city and Itven market-towns; and fends three members to pailiamcnt. ITie number of inhabitants was ;6,s8o in ]8oi, and 60,615 in 181 1. The rivers are inconfiderable. A great part of the county is plain, and tolerably fer- tile, coiifi(ling of rich meadow and ara- ble lan«l. The ne part alone is moun- tainous ; which, however, yields good ptdure for (heep. and cattle. The af- 'nzes are held at Haverfordwed. Penan;^ ; fee Prince of JVales Jjland. Penautier, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aude, 4 m N 'CarcaflTonne. Pendennisy a cadle in Cornwall, on a hill of the fame name, on Falmouth bay. It was built by Henry viii for the (e- curity of the coad ; and on the oppofite fide of the bay is another called St. Maws. It is a little to the se of Fal- mouth, the harbour of which it defends. Pendleton, a large village in Lanca- iliire, 2 m N w Mancheder, employed in the trade and manufactures of the va> rious Mancheder goods. Pentlla, a town of Portugal, in Beira* on the river Efa, 24 m sse Coimbra. Pengef>ur\ fee Punjgoor. Penichet a drong feaport of Portugal, in Edremadura, with a good harbour and a citadel ; feated on a peninlula, 48 m N by w Lifbon. Lon. 9 za w, lat. 39 22 N. Penigf a town and cadle of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, with a manufadure of woollen ftufFs and pottery ; feated on the Mulda, 11 m nw Chemnitz. Penifco/a, a town of Spain, in Valen* here, and defcend to Ma(racbufets bay. cia, with an old cadle and a drong fort; It is 18 m from the (i:a, and si sse Bodon. Pembroke, a borough of Wales, ca- pital of Pcmbrokefliire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Wedneiday and Saturday. It dands at the e extre- mity of a creek of Milfc.d-haven, over which are two bridges, but the harbour ii !je(;ome injured by the rubbiih of the feated on a high point of land, fur. rounded on three fides by the Tea, and of difBcult acceis by land. It is 30 nt s by w Tortofa, and go nne Valencia. Lon. o 24 E, lat. 40 24 N. Penijhehr, a town of Candahar, in the country of Cabul, 46 m n Cabiil. Penijioney a town in Yorkdiire, with a market «d Thurfday, feated on the ib^i •' < u'^'" r F, N Doni T,^ tn S3K Uuddorsficlcl, .-wd iy6 auw London. PfnUtrids^f, a t"wn in Staftbrdfliirf, with a market on Tiufd.iy, fcatcd on th. Prnk, 6 m s Stafloid, anu 129 Nw London. Ptnium, a town of Hither Pomcrania, featcil on a la*;«», 15 m sw Stettin. P^nntaenma-ivr^^i inoiinlain if Walts, in Cani.iivoiifliire, ovflHiiginj; thi- lira. It K 4 ni >v by 8 AUrconvvav ; and a) ' j; its !ide th»; 1 >ad to llolyhrad is '. -rrii . oil irch' "^ nearly 300 tVct k ' c fca. 'I'lie feet y'_i,\c the kvl tl'C .ill niit are the ; fOilil. ft0M( , rifts III d'C't ', 'ons, coiifliu "untain is 1540 'f foa ; and on H'- nf' extcnfive cd of unhewn • itho'it i.Tf tar. /•, a river oi 1. . dooftan, which .Viyfove, flows y G.joiy, Gin- , Cuddapah, iid Vcllorc, uid tnt'i? th ') Y of Ben^sal, at Gan)'.ip,'it- n.mi. Pcnnarandii, ^ town of Sp?.:. .n Old Caflile. on the Uuiders of Leon, 34 ni Nw Avi!a. Pennon de FflfZ ; fcc Pegnon- Pennjylvaniat one of the United States of America, a8o in long and 150 broad ; boiiiuled on the n hy New York, V. by that ftate and New Jtrfey, s by Delaware, iMarylind, and Vir- ginia, w by the fl itf of Ohio, and nw by Lake Eric, on which it has a good port. It is divided into 23 counties ; namely, Philadelphia, Chtfter, Df.la- ware, iiucks, MontRomery. Berks, Lan- caftcr, Dauphin, Northampton, Lu- zerne, York, Cumberland, Northum- berland, Frankh'ri, Bedfotd, Hunting- don, MifTlin, Wrftmorland, Somerfet, Fayette, Wafliington, Allef iny, and Lycoming. It is watered by the Dela- ware, Schuylkil, Sufqiithana, Monon- gahela, Allegany, and other n ivigiiblc rivers. The chi^f pioducfts are corn, catt'e, pr.tafh, wax, fkins, and furs ; and the principal manufudures are iron, copper, tin, leather, paper, gunpowder, liats, cotton, fiigar, and tobacro. In 18 10 the nnmbtr of inhabitants was 8to,i68. Philadelphia is the cnpitai. Pennj/gatit, a mountain i England, in Yorkfhire, 7 m n of Settle, i he fum- mit is 2270 feet above the level of the fea. On the fides are two awful ori- fices, called Hulpit and Huntpii holes ; through eaeh of them runs a brook, both of which pafs under ground for about a mile, and crofs each other in the bowels of the earth without mixing their waters. Pentbfcoty a bay of the diftrift of Maine, at the mouth of the river Fe- nobfcot. It is long and capacious; antl the I fide is lined with a duller of fmail illands. Penrice^ a town of Wales, in Olamor- ganfhire, with a market on Thurfday. Here arc the ruins of a Noiinan callle. Three m to the n, on a mountaii,, in a Druidical monument, called Arthur's ftonc. Penrice is featcd on the Hrillol chiinnel, ao m st Carmarthen, und 220 w London. Penr'tthy a town in Cumberland, with a maikft onTuefday, and manufactures of checks and fancy waiflcoit pieces. Heie are the ruins of a caftle; and in the churchyard is a fingul.ir monunjcnt of antiquity, called the Giant's Grave. It is feated under a hiil, near the river Hamont, i8 m s Cail.lk, and a8o nnvt London. Pemwny a borough in Cornwall, go- verned by a nviyor, with a market 011 WednefHny Friday, and Saturday. Here AX\i large wart houfe • for flour and giain, and icveral goiKl bi • weries, which lup- ^iy the (hippini: ai Falnouth; and it ^Ao a i-'real trad.- in the pilchard and Newfoundland tidier >s. It ftauds on a cteek of F.dirnuth huven, ^ m nw Fal- mouth, and 265 w ly s L don. Pj),,acolay a ci'y of W . ,cr»d:i, bour. It is the capital of tne province, and was a place of great commerce while in pof- fcflion of the Kngiifh, but fince the con- quefk of the Spaniards it has been on the decline. The entrance into the bay is deftPued by a fmall fort and a battery. Lon. 87 14 w, lat. 30 24 n. Pensford, a town in Somfrfi'tfliire, with a market on Tutiday, and a ma- nufsfture of hats ; featcd on the Chev/, 6 m s by E Briftol, and 117 w by s London. Pent/and Frith, a flrait which divides the Orkney iflands from Caithnefs, in Scotland. It is 24 m long, and from 10 to 15 bioad, and dangerous to thofe who are not arquainttd with its tidel and currents ; efpecially in pr.fHng the Pentland Skerries, a clufler 0' rocks at the E end of the frith. On the largeft of thcfe rocks i;; a lighthoufe. Lon. 3 4a w, lat. 58 35 N. Penza, a government of RufTia, for- merly a province of Kalan. The c pital, of the fame name, i"* leated on the Sura, where it receives the rivulet Penza, 220 m sw Kafan. Lon. 45 38 e, lat. 53 30 N Penzance^ a feaport in Cornwall, go- verned by a mayor, with a maikct on Thurfday. It was burnt by the Spa» PER niitnls in 1 593, but foon rchviilt, and made one of the tin-coinage towns. It is (catal on a cn-fk of Nlount bay, lo m NK of the Lands cud, and a8o w by • London. )^on. 5 3.^ w, lat. 50 11 n. PtHz/in, a town of Lowrr Saxony, in the principality of Mfcklcnlnirg-Sch wc- rin, IS m nnw Siiclitz. Pequigny, a town of France, in tlic department of Soinme; memorable for an interview and treaty between Lowin xr of France, and Edward iv of liu^- land, in 1475, on a bridge built for that purpofe. It is feated on the river tJomnu', 15 in SE Abi)cville. Pcrak, a feap'>rt of Malaya, capital of a kingdom on the w coaft. It is ft-ated on a river of the lame name, iBo m nw Malacca. Li>n. 100 o k, lat. 4 %i n. Pera/ta, a town of Spain, in Navarre, celebrated fur its wine; leated on the Arv;a, 30 m .s Pamplona. Peray, St- a town t)f France, in the department of Ardcche, noted for its wine; feared on the Rhone, oppoHte Valence, 32 m n Viviers. Perc/ie, a late territory of France, in Orleanois, which takes its name from a foreft, and is pretty fertile. It now forms, with part of Normandy, the de- partment of Orne. Perdth ^hunti the higheft mountain of the Pyrenees, diemed to be 11,700 feet above the lea. It is of very diflicult access, as the calcareous rock often af- fumes the form of perpendicular walls, from 100 to 600 feet in height; and glaciers increafe the difficulty. About a^oo feet from the fummlt is a lake, which fends its waters to the c, into the bpanilh valley of Beoulfa. Perekop; ke Precofo. Ptrga, a town of Kuropean Turkey, in Albania, on the gulf of Venice, 25 m vvNw Arta. Pergamar, a town of European Tur- key, ill Romania, and a bilhop's fee, 60 m.sw Adrianople. Lon. 25 55 e, lat. 41 10 N. Ptrf^omhio, a town of Paraguay, in the province of Buenos Ayres, with a frontier fortrels, on the road from the capital to Cordova, no m wnw Buenos Ayres. Lou. 60 43 w, lat. 33 53 N. Pergamo^ a town of Aflatic Turkey, in N-itolia, and a bilhop's fte, with a palace and a caftle. It is not lb con- licJera'ile as formerly, but has nine mofcjoes, and occupies an oblong cir- cuit of 3 m, at the foot of a mountain. Here parchment was invented. It is fc ited on the Germafti, 15 m from its mouth, and 37 NSmyroa. 'Lon.ijzj K»liit. 39 5 M. P I', It Periat a town of Perfia, in thepro* vince of Irak, 90 m w Ifpahan. Loii. 5' 25 K. ';>'• 3» 'io f^- Periac, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aude, celebrated for ilt fall worki, 6 m .svv Nai bonne. Peri,:'>ataiu, a town of Ilindooflan, in Mylbre. 'I'he fortifications are quite ruinous, the late fultan having blown up the belt works; and ruins occupy the greater fpace of tlie fuburhs, but it is recovering fall. The environ? arc rich and b'-autiful. It i:> 40 m w by » Seringapatam. Perierj, a town of France, in the de- partment of Manche, 9m N Cnutaucei. Perigonl, a hte province of l* ranee, 8j m long and 60 bro;ul ; hmindcd 011 the N by Angoumois and Marche, E by Qaercy and Limollii, s by ' ^t-nois and Bazodois, and w by Bounltlois, Angoumois, and Sainif n^je. it nliounds in iro'i-min"«, and now forms the de- pai trnrnt of Dordo/ne. Perigueux, a tt/\vn of France, capital of the dep.irtmc'.t of Dordogne, and .lately a 'liffiop'a H:e. Here are the ruins of ,1 t^imple of Venus, and an .-im- phithtatie. Jt is leated on the lilc, 50 m sw Limoges. Lou. o 43 e, lat. 45 " N. Perindat a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Dowlalabad, i8tf m Nvi^ Ilydrabad. Lon- 75 50 E, lat. 11:33 n. Perija, a town of Terra Fuma, in the province of Venezuela, on a river of the faiTie name, 25 m from its mouth in the lake of Maracaybo, and 45 ssv Marac.'iybo. Perindiira, a town of Hindooftan, in the prov' ,ce of Coimbttorc, 12 m ssw Bhawanikudal. Perleherg, a town of Brandenburg, capital of the mark oP Pregnitz. It has c )nriderable cloth ninnuradures, and ft.mds on the Stepcnitz, 41 m wnw R» ppin. Lon. 12 3 e, lat. 53 8 n. Permt a government of Rullia, for- nierly a province of Kalan. It is di- vided into two provinces, Perm and Calharinenburg, the capitals of which are of the fame name. Perm, a town of Uuffia, capital of a government and province of t!ie fame name. It u li'ated on the Kama, at the influx of the Zcgochckha, 620 m t by N Mofcow, and 810," bv s Pdcifljurg. Lon. j5 10 E, lat. 57 55 m. Permacoil, a town of Hindooilan, in the Carnatic, fituale on a mountain, za m NNW Pondicherry. Pernalla, a town of Hindooftan, ic Guzerat, %Z-m s Suraf. . Pernamitico ; fee; Ftrnambuc»- t- ■ h i \' *'V i. . ^6 a*-*- iihlli n m?^ PER Pfinau, n fortified town of RufTia, in Livoni.i, with a caflle ; foated near th',' mouth of A river «>( the fame naino, 95 m N Riga. Lon. 34 30 E, lat- 5« :?o N. Vernrj, a town of France, in the de- paitmcnt of Mouths of the Rhone, the birthplace of (he celfbratfd orator rirchifr, bilhop of Nifmri. It is ii m E by N Avignon. Pernrt, a town of Trance, in the de- partment of Pas de Calais, feated on the Clarence, 17 m nw Arras. Pfrno, a town of Sweden, in the pro- vince of Nyland, on the coalt of the Baltic, 36 m E Helfingfors. Peronne, a ftrong town of France, in the department of Somme- It is called Pucelle, bccanfe it has never heen taken, though oft^n bcfieged. The caftle was the imprifonment of Charles the Ample, who here miferably died } and in this caftle the duke of Burgundy detained ^-^wis XI three days, till he confented to fign a difadvantagcous treaty. It is feaied on the Somme, xj m sw Tam- hv^v, and 80 e by n Paris. Lon. 3 % E, lat. 49 55 N. Perotct a town of New Spain, in Tla- fcala, with a fmall fortrefs. Twelve m to the SE is the Coffre of Ptrote, a fummit 1300 feet higher than the Pike of Teneriff, which fervcs for a mark to Tailors on entering the port of Vera Cruz. Perote is 15 m w Xatapa. Perou/n, a town and fort of Pied- mont, on the river Ciulbn, 6 m nw Pienerol. Ferpignan, a fortified town of France, capital of the department of Eaftcrn Pyrenees, with a good citadel and a univerfity. It was lately a biftiop's fee, and is fvated on the Tet, near the Me- diterranean, 95 m SB Touloule. Lon. a 54 E, lat. 42 42 K. Per/aim ; fee Baffien. PtrfepoUsy anciently the capital of the Perlian empire. Jt was taken by Alexander the great, who fct it on fire. Its magnificent ruins are 50 m ne Shiras. Pir/hore, a town in Worcefterftiire, with a market on Tuefday, and a ma- rufadturc of ftockings. Here are two churches, and that of Holy Crofs con- tains feveral ancient monuments. It is feated on the Avon, 9 m ese WorceAer, a".J 106 wNw London. Perfia, a country of Afia, confiding of feveral provinces, which, at different times, have had their particular kings. It is bounded on the n by Georgia, the Cafpian fea, and Ulbec Tartary, w by Turkey and Arabia^ s by the gulfs of PF. R Perfia and Ormus Jnd the Arabian fea, and E by Hindooftan. It is ijjo m fr«)m E to w, and 900 from n to i. In the N and u partH it is mountainous O" 1 cold; in the middleand flK partH, I/ ^ and defcrl ; in the » and w, level and extremely fertile, though for ffveral months very hot. The chief rivers are the Tigris, Knr, and Kizil Oxan ; but there arc many others, and (i'veral in the interior which are loft in fandy defertj. The foil produces all forts of piilfe and corn, except oats and rye ; but agricul- ture is in a d« prelTed ftate, as the go- vernment affords no prote(*>ion to private property, and offers no encouragement to induftry. In feveral places naptha rifes out of the ground; and there arc mines of filver, copper, lead, iron, turcois flones, and (alt; but fome of thefearenot worked, on account of th« fcarcity of wood, or rather from the ig. norance of the people. Among the product of Perfia that are peculiarly excellent, are dates, piftachio-nuts, and poppies that produce the fineil opium ; cotton, indigo, and tobacco are uiro raifed ; and no country can exceed this either in the variety or flavour of its fruits. There are extenfive plantations of mulberry trees for filkwurms; and large flocks of fheep and goats. The camels, horfes. mules, affes, oxen, and buffalos, are the btft of their kind, and are indifferently ufeil for carrying paf- fengcrs or burdens, the horfes excepted, which are only ufed for the faddle. The principal manufactures are fatins, tab- bies, taffetas, filk mixed with cotton, or with camels or goats hair, brocades, gold tiffues, gold velvet, carpets, cali- cos, camlets, and fire-arms. During almoft the whole of lafl century, Perfia was defolated by competitors for the fovereignty. On the affuflination of the ufurper, Nadir Shah, in i747» Ahmed Abdalla, one of his generals, founded the kingdom of Candahar; to which he an- nexed the provinces of Korafan and Se* geftan, in the e part of Perfia, and thofe provinces of Hindooilan, w of the Indus, that had been ceded by the great mogul, in 1737, to Nadir Shah. Kerim Khan, another of Nadir's officers, obtained the fovereignty of all the fouthem provinces. He held the feat of government at Shi- ras ; but refufed the title o( Shah, or king, being fatisfied with that of Vakeel, or protedlor. He was a mild prince, beloved by his fubjedls, and relpeded by foreign powers. On his death, in 1779, new competitors for ths throne fprung up, and caufed another period of flaughter and defolation till the yea<- -. Ui,, PER i;94, when A kail Mohamrd Khan be* c»mc lole monarch. The Rcvernmcnt ii highly dcfpotic, and itit TuD^tions t-x- ercifed by the king stnd hia two principal mininerii the }(rand vizier and the lord trtafurcr. The whole of the cxenitivfi government ii in the hands otthefetwo nien, and| while they continue in favour with a tyrant, th«'ir authority is without control- Sulmrdinate to the miniflry is a refl;ular gradation of ofltrerH ; and ve- nality and extortion pervade every clafs, from the throne to the cottage. The (landing army of the empire confilts of the king's body guard, about lo.ooo men. and the royal flavrg, about 3000- But the number and bravery of the wandering tribes conftitute the military force of the country ; and from thelii the king could afTemble an army of about aoojooo men, chiefly confifting of cavalry, whofe evolutions and move- ments arc very rapid. The armies fel- dom receive either clothing or pay, and arc only kept together by the hope of plunder ; it is therefore deemed incum- bent on the king to take the field once a year, either againft the RufTians, Af- gans, or Turcomans, his immediate neighbours. The Perfians are generally Mohamedans, of the feA of Ali, and more tolerant in their principles than the Turks. They are commonly fat, with black hair, high forehead, aquiline nofe, full cheeks, and a large chin ; the form of the countenance being fre- quently oval. The general complexion isfair, fomewhat tinged with olive; but thofe in the s, and the provinces to- ward India, are of a dark brown. The men are generally ftrong and robuft, and inclined to martial excrcilL-8 ; they fhave the head, and wear high crimfon bon- nets ; but the beard is facred, and al- moft univerfally died black, but fome Jirefer blue. They often wear three or bur light drefTes, one above the other, fattened with a fafh, in which a fmall dagger is ftuck ; and they are fond of largeclokes of thick cloth. Thewomen cover the head with a large black tur- ban, over which a Ciftimeriaii fliawl is thrown, to anfwer the purpofe of a veil; and their robes are rather fhortcr than thofe of the men, fattened in front by large gold butwons. The Perfians are generally gay, polite, and hofpita- blc; yet arc deceitful, treacherous, and cruel. They do not recline on culhions, in the manner of the Turks, but fit in an creft pofture on a thick felt, called a numud. They are paf* Sonately fond of tobacco, which they finok« almoft inceflantJy. Wine they P F. 11 never tafte before compiny ; hut In priv.ifo th'-y indulgir to exoels, and in- variably drirk before thfy eat. They take coffee in the morning, and dine about noon, but the chief repaft is the Aipptr. 'I'lh; moll uOial difli i) boiled rice, virioiifly prepared. The meat is boiled tocxreU, .md the meal i:* enlarged with pot-herbs, roots, fruits, cakes, hard eggs, and fwectmc.its, of which ia(t thi-y are extremely fond. They are re- miukabiefor cleanlinels, both in their peiibns and hal)itations. Tlic language ofPerli.-i in perhaps the moft ciilebratcd of all the oriental tongues. fi)r ftrcngth, beauty, and mi-lody. Ifpalviu is the chief city, but Teheran ia the prefent capital. Perfia, Gulfnf, a Tea between Pcrfia and Arabia. The entrance near Ormus is not above 50 m over; but within it is from laoto 230 in breadth, and the length from Ormus to the mouth of the Euphrates is 500 m The Arabian fide is particularly celebrated for its pearl filhery, and has many fand-banks and fiioals ; the Pcrfian fide is deeper, and in general ha'J regular (bundings. Ptrthy a boroui;h of Scotland, capital of Perthfliirc, once the refidence of the Ibvercigns of Scotland, and the feat of the parliament. It has two pariftvchurches, one of which belonged formerly to a fine abbey, and contains three places of worfliip for fo many parifiies. Here, in 1559, the reformed religion was firft publicly avowed, after John Knox had preached a I'ermon in the church againft idolatry. Perth is leatcd on a large ver- dant plain, on the sw fide of the Tay, which is navigable for veflels of 120 tons to the quays, but larger veflels un- load at Newburg. Over ihe river is a modern bridge of 10 archc?, the moft beautiful in Scotland, to the town of Kinnoul. On the se fide of the town ftands Cowrie caftle, once the fcene of a ftrange confpiracy, which caulifd its forfeiture; and it has fince Icrved as barracks for the royal artillery. Perth has feveral incorporated trades, fome of which have halls. The falmoo fifhery is a great article of trade; and it has confiderable manufactures of linen and cotton goods, leather, boots, ftiots, and gloves. The number of inhabitants was 14,878 in 1801, and 16,948 in i8m. It is 35 m N by w Edinburg. Lon. 3 30 w, lat. 56 24 N. Pertli Ambny, a city and feaport of New Jerfey, in Middlefex county, featcd on a neck of land, between the river Rariton and Arthur Kuil found- It lies o|)en to Sandy Hook, and has one of , 'i ■ M ■1 1 \ • i the bcfl !.nvI)ourii on the continent. It in ;5« III iw Niw Y( ik and 64 nk I'hila- ilclphi.i, Lon. 74 :,^ w, lat. 40 ill". Perthes, a town of Fr;tncf, in the de- p.irtmcnt of Scitit; and Manic, 6 m s»w Mcltin. Per this, a town of France, in the dc- pntniciitof Uppci Maine, 6 m nw St. i)i/.icr. Pcrthjhire, .1 county of S<\ill.ind, 76 m lon^ and 6A lirojd ; buuiidcd on the w by ArBylilliirr, n l»y tin* (liiicsof In- vernefs and AWcniifii, k hy Forfarfhiri', St. hy tile frith of T.iy and theeoiintiis of Fife .ind Kiiirof», and s by ihf (Viili of Forth, and tiie counties ol C laekma- non, Stirling, and Dumbarton. It con- tains 4,068,640 acres, is divided into 6i) parillies, and fv^ tids a mriubcr to parlia- ment. Ihe number ot inh.ibiiaiits was 126,366 in ifloi, and 135. 09^ in 181 1. The country exiiiliits Icenes ot" ruir^ed and flriking magnificence, contralled uith thf moft beautiful ones of culiiva- tion. Tlic Grampian inountaing crofs it from sw to nk, the highcft of which is Beulawers. The country nw of this ridge is mountainous, and contains leve- ral !al:es ; but the oppolite fnlc, thougli not free from hills, is more low and fertile. The principal rivers are the Forth and Tay. Perth is tiio capital. Pertigi, a town of the ifland of Sar- dinia, 19 m sK. Caflei Angonefe. Pertuh, a to-.vn of France, in t!ie de- partment of Vaucluli?, near the Du- rance, 1 1 m NAix,a!id ?8 ksk Avignon. Peru, a country of S America, bound- ed oil the N by Quito, w by the Pacific ocean, .s by Chili, and e by the Andes. It is 18 .0 m from n to s, aii'd about 500 from ii tow. It never rains in the Ibutli parts; but in the north, where the mountains are not lb high, it often rains exccirivtly. There are large furelts on the fides of the mountains, which ad- vance near the ii:a ; but none of the trees are like thofe in Muiope. Peru has been long celebrated for mines of gold and lilvor, which ate the chief Iburce of its riches. NolwiihfUnding the little indullry which is employed in V/oiking them, and the finall help that commerce aftbrds to the miners, 534,000 mnrks of lilvcr, and 6o;,8 of gold, were imeiied and rtfiued in the royal mint at Litna, in 1790; and 5,162,2.59 pialiies in both materials were coined tlieie. Fffide the produce of the mines, the commodities exported are fugar, Vienna wood, cotton, Peruvian bark, copper, and cocoa. The fiercefl beafts of prey in Peru are the puma and jaquar, inaccurately called lion; and tigers by Tv.n the Huropc.ini, (or they pofTefi ncithrr the undaunted courage of the former, nor the ravenous cruelty of the latti-r' A (|Uiidiuped, called the lam.i, peculi.ir to llu!! country, waw tamed to tloinellic purpofes by the ancient I'triivians: in form it bears fome relemblanci* to ,i camel, but only of a H/.e fomfwhat larger than a flieep ; its wool furniilu- the Peruvians with clothing, and iti lltfli with food. Af ong the turds, the moft remarkable is the condor, whlcli is intitled 10 prcemiiirnee over the lly, ing tribe, in bulk, ftrength, ,ind eoura^'c. Wht n the Spaniards landed in this eoun. try, in 15.50, they found it governed hy fovert-igiis called incas, vviio were k. vered by their fubjctils as diyiniriis; aih! the inhabitant;, were found to be uuicli more polillied than the iiativeH of oihcr parts of Auurica, tholi.* of Mcxicicx- eepted. 'I'hefc were loon fubi'jtd by,i fiw Spaniards, under the euinniaiid of Francis Pizarro. Peru is iiiliabitciJ by the Spaniaids, the native Americans, and a mixture arilin^ fri. m both, cilled Mellics. The native Americatis, who live among the foicfls, Corui as it vv'cro fo many Imall republics, which are di. retfted by a Spanilh prielt, and by tlitir tCovernor, alliiled by the original mtivts, wiio lerve as oHicers. Tliey have no diftrult, for they leave the doors of their huts always open, lliough th< y huve ctittoii, calaballus, andalbrt of aides, of which ihey make tliread, and li vtra! other I'mall m;Uter3th;it they trjdtM\iih, which niigiit be ealily Itoien. They go naked, and paint their biKlies with a red drug, called rocu. The fame man is of all trades, for he builds his own hut, conftrutfts his own CJinoe, and weaves his own cloth ; but if a lar^;e houfe is to be built for common iik, every one lends a helping hand. Thiir Ikiu is of a red copper colour ; and thty have no beard nor hair on any part 0:' their bodies except their heads, where it is black, long, and coarfe. Thiif; that are not much e>:pofcd to the wea- ther are of a lighter colour than the red. Their garment is a ff>rt of a lack, with holes to put their arms through ; and this is given them by their mailers as part of their wages. The Meilicf, though illegitimate, liave all the piivi- leges of a Spaniard, and are the ptrions who carry on all trades; for the Spt> niards think it beneath them to meddle with any thing of this Ibrt. Pern is divitltd into two great audiences, Linn, and Charcas, which are under the go- vernment of a viceroy, whole authority once exitended over itU $ America po i- \ n. ». . T -T^. > pofTi'fi ncithfr )t' I hi? former, of the latter lami, pfculiir cd to tiomcllic I'truviana; in •mblaiici* to a fi/.f fotnewhiu wool tiiiiiilhir. ilhinji;, and '\i\ ; the hiids, the condor, wliidi ;c ov«'r the fly. li,aiul courat;e. led inthi»cimii. 1 it };ov»Tnfd \vf who were i(. )di villi) it's; ami uul lo bf mitcii ualivi'H of oilicr L> of Mexico t'X- on fulH'utd by;i he coinniaiul ot' is inhabiu'd b) tive Amcrieaiis, (, m both, called Anicvicatis wlu) (urin as il wi-ro s, witich are di- ert, luid by their L- origbial iMtivts, They liayo no ;he dotirti of ihrir oiiiili tbty liuvd albit of alucs,of ead, and li vtr.il t tViOy tr;idf\\ilh, llol.'ii. They go bixVu-s with a The fame man builds his own n canoe, and but if a lar^e or common ulc, ng hand. Thiir :olour; and thty dr on any part o; eir hf.ids, where toarfe. Thofi oftd to the wen- our than the reft. . of a lack, with ns through; ard their malU-ra as Tlic MelticE, ave all the piivi- d are the pcrloiis es ; for the Spa- them to meddle IS Ibrt. Peru is audiences, Luin, ire under the go- whole authority S America po-- ir V T. .H fcflcd by the Spmi.irdi : but ai fonii- of th«'counfri»'« ar tfmrdy which two new vircroyaUirs were e(la- blilhcd in i77'>. »»tif at St. I'l, thr c.ipi- tal of Nfw Gran ida, and the »)lh«r at HuenoH Ayres. the capital of Paraguay. Tilt capital of Peru Is lima. /Vrz/jf/Vi, a city of Italy, capital of Perugiiio, niid a bilhop's Ue, with .1 llroiijT citadel, a univeiitty, and Icvcral acadi miea. Tin.' chiiri lies, and many other buildin}:,H, public and private, are vt-ry handfonu'. It is feated r* a hill, near the river Tiber, 75 ni n Rome. Lon. i» 10 F, lat. 4.1 6 N. Perugitit the ancient Trafimenns, a lake of Italy, 10 m w of the city of Pe- ni;;ia. It is 9 in long and 7 broad ; and in it are three illands, on one of which il a church. On its n border was fought a battle between Hanibal andFlaminius, in which the conliil and 15,000 Romuna were flain. Peruginot a province of Italy, in the Eccleliaftical Stati*, 25 m lonf.-: and 14 broad; bounded on the w byTul'cany, 8 by the territory of Orvlt-ro, e by the duchies of Spoleto and Urbino, and N by the county of Citta di Caftello. The foil is fertile in corn and good wine. The capital is Perugia. PefarOi a fortified feaport of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, and a bilhop'.s fee. The cathedral k magnificent, and it has handfome churches, convents, and pa- laces, with cxquifite paintings, 'rhe environs abound in olives and excellent figs It is I'eated on an eminence, at the mouth of the Foj-lia, on the gulf of Venice, 17 m ens Urbino. Low. 13 2 E, lat. 43 5 J N . PeJ'cara, a ftrong town of Naples, in Abruizo Citra. It was taken by the French in 1798, and ftands at the mouth of a river of the fame name, on the gulf |ofVenice, 10m nne Civita di Chieti. Pefehiera, a ftrong town of Italy, in I Veronefe. It was taken by the French in 1796; Jind the garrifon furrendered tothe Auftrians in 1799. It is leated on the river Mincio, where it proceeds I from the lake Garda, 16 m w Verona. Pefcia, a town of Tufcany, in Floren- Itino, celebrated for its fine oil ; feated on a river of the fame name, over which lis a handfome bridge, 27 m \v by n 1 Florence. Pffcina, a town of Naples, in Abruz- Izo Ultra, near the lake Cclano, ao m s |by E Aquila- Peftttdi, a town of France, inthede- PET partment (.f Herault, on the river He* rault, u m si: He/icri. I'ffl, a town of IlunRary, capital of a county of the lame name, with a fortrrfs, a royal p.'»lace, and a univerfity, the only one in the kingdom- Here are in.iiiy Gr f krond .Ttid long, fret)ui'ntly inierfeCb/ig each other in anriipl nnd (harp cornrii i itiul thrrc of the principal one*, which m«ct in \ fxiint at the admiralty, are above a m in cngth ; moft of them arc \ ivid, hut \ few (till remain floored with ptankv, and numerouH canaU, from r)ne pirt n| the river to another, pafi throii(;h miny of them, by whith the inhabitanii arc iiipplicd with water. In fevrral partj, wooden hmifii, Icarcely fuprrior to ctiinmon cott.igei, are bleiulcd with the public buildings \ but as they are not fiiffcred to he repaired, or if burnt continued range of handl(>me buildinii!. | On the »i fide an* the grand diichal pa- lace, the fortrefs, the cuftomlioiifc, | the academy of fciences, and the aca- demy of ar»s. On the » fide arcth«| imperial pnlice, the marble palace, tht I admiralty, the arfenal, the bank, thel manfions of many Ruffian nohirs, andl the Ktiglilh-liiie, fondled, bccauli'ttiel whole row is almoft wholly oiciipif(i| by Englifh merchantx. In the froiiil of thefe buildings is the quay, whkli extends 3 m, except where it is inttt-l rupted by the admiralty ; and the Ncni| during the whole of th;it fpu-c, is nn-f banked by a wall, parapet, and p^ivH ment of hewa granite. The oppuOttl Vj hrond ,tnd ti/tg vach other rii ( Hiul Ibrrc hich m»et ill * re above i m in e jittil, litit a 1 with ptanki, 'om one pirt of gthroui-h m\ny inhaWitanii »rt n fcvrral p.irli, ily fiipcriur to ileiuUil with the at tluy are not or if hiirut ilown •rofthtm iitn >« jvcr, the mothrr he city, thf flrft •rtlie girai, ha»j es credit dowerit, red rflic of th.it hoiiiVs are covu- cd of a pink, yrl- he ro«)fi» are wm- i\ or caft iron, m nly painted grrtn ily uffd tor out- r fort of buildingi : nobility an- vaft nilhcd ill the moft mrB, though morf er iliiflian cities. ii ling manner. On ; bound;»ry formd hich is dug far be- and on thf NKand hern branch of Iht cii, which includfj tcrfticc. The cir- and the lira it the part properly little more thin The inhabitants ;co,ooo. Tht'm;>tii , ill many plaw, nes at London, and ,n each fide with » andlome buiUlmii!. jirand duchalpi- the ciiftomlionfi;, iiCfB, and the aca- the » fide are the marble palaeiMht] nal, the bank, thf .ufli.in noliirs, anil called , btcauii' the ift wholly oicupifil .nt8. In the front lis the quay, whid ,t where it is inw- alty; and the Nt"* f thiit fp.H-c, IS f'l- parapet. «nd pA* lite. Thcoppoto le i» r, T (livillond of Pi'terfbiirR, fitiMto on rich 111^ of the Ncv4, iir»' coniH'Cl d »»y two hrij|{eii, on pontoon* | .'tnd there krt fcviral other* ovtr the tlittrrcnt jrm< ,if thr river. Tholi' biid,;tn, un ic- cmnt of tlu" l^rif*" m ni-n ai ic«' ilrivio d,)wn th«! llrt.im frotn thi- Like l.uli'j: i, ire ulually removi-d wfifo th»y lirft mike their .ipiuMr.mcc ; and fnr .i few iip, till thf I ivcr i« fro.rcii h.iid ciioiiKh III bear carrLin^ii, 'here ii no cuntmii* nic.ition Ixrtwcen fh^ uppolitc p.iit* of Itiicfowii Antong the iu)lilc(\ iirn.inif.iiH Li lVtcrfl)iirg, it an f(|urihi.in ll.itiic nt Peter the g'cat, in br«)n/.i', uf ^ colof- i! ti/.e ; tin* pcd«r(lal of which ia a |liii(;c rock, hroiiglii to thi* ('pi>t ;(t a L'.vd cxp.'nic W'tliin the vv.ilU of liif forfrfs is ihc cathedral ot St. Pi-tcr iikI St. I* ml. in which arc dcpolittvlthc ■tmain* of I'ctcr the prtat, and of the iii(.\i'(rive lovcrciiins, except Peter ii, I'lni'il at M )leow. I'eterfbiirg has a : inliderahle tr.ide in exporting the pro- lu'Uofthe crnpire, and has a cotninu- btionby cinals and rivers with many )i'lhe iiiuthtrn provmces as far ai Af- rican, on the botdcri of the Cafpian (m. It is 415 m .Nw Mofcow, ^00 k ly NSiockholm.and looa n ne Vicuna. ,on, ^^0 II) K, 1;U. 59 56 N. Wterjdorf, a town of IVufTia, in the irovinco of Samland, 24 m ■■ Konigf* VtUrsfielJ, a borough in Ilampniirc, |nvi'rni'd by a mayor, with a market |n Saturday, featcd on the Loddon, 18 NB I'ortlinouth, and 54 sw London. Peterjhageu, a town f)f Wcltphalia, the pritieipility of Minden, with a illle, feated on the Wcfcr, 7 m nne "inden. l^tUr/ham, a town of MaflDichufets, Worcelter county, on the r. branch ^wift river, aM m nw Woicifter. Petfr/haufertf ;i town of Snabia, with iBenedidtinc abbey, and a fort ; (i-atcd the N fide of the Rhine, oppolite jnftance. PttenvarJein, a town of Sclavonia, )e of the ftrongell frontier places that luftria has againft the Turks, over pom, in 1716, prince Eug'ne here ined a great viiflory. It is icated on e Danube, oppolite the fortrell* c)f eiifatz in Hungary, 50 m nw Ik'U ide. Lon. 20 10 e, lat. 45 18 n. 'itlierton, Sout/i, a town in So'nerfet- k with a market on Tmlday, and n,\niifaftijre of dowlas ; fe^ted near I'arret, over which is a bridge, 24 [ssw Wells, and 130 w by s London. fftjglianoyi town of Tuicany, in Si- Mi', « m w Caftro, and 45 is Sienna. I» V K T\hHiift .1 city of i:.iftern T.irfiry, in th< province ut Kirin. It h.ii icarccfy niy inh;ibirant!, but Tatt.^r foldivn, and Chineli'conde; iiii'.l tomilf. ft fl.iiuit on ttic Sonj^.irl, \(,o m n by w Kiiiii. L'lii I '5 5^ K,|.«. 4j ro w. I'rtrriln. a town of N.tplen, in the county ol Molile, 1 1 m k M.ilifc- I'l-liiUtitA town ol Hiirape.iiiTu'key, in .MKinia, a6 m t> l)nr.//<». I'etniow, A t<»wn of Pol.ind. in the palatin.ifeot Siradl.i, Ho in hw Wailavv. LoM. r; 46 »:, l.u. 51 I ; .y. I'ftrinth a IliDiig I, wn of Crt).ilia, feifed «Mi the Kiilpa, n "> ^ CaiHtadt. I'lt'oritt, a city of CM'i, in tl.e pro- vine* of Q'lilluta. It >iisricli gi'l i'ninci ill tlie vicinity, .i:id i\ litmte ot. the Longotom.i, 140 in NwSt.Ja^<). Lon. 7a I w, lat. 11 ,\o ». Pi-itnpolli/, a town of llindoofl.in, in the (iiiiiu)or circar, 01. ihe b.iy of lien- gal, jH m suL Condavir, and 4(1 Nr. On- gole. Pifttnw, a town of Ofrmany, in Sii- ri.i, with coi'liderable m.inun(Jiurc3 ; fcatid oil the DiavCi i| m se March- biirc. Pettijcurt a harbour of Sjotland, ia Fift(h'rc,a mile w Kin;?horn, in the frith of Forth. It is the ulual landing-place of pallcngers fromLeith,on ihuoppoiite Ihore. l\twori/i,n. town in SnlTex, with a m irket on S«tnrday, I'eated near the Artin, la m NE Chiciiefter, and 48 sw London. Pevenfi-y, a villago in Sufll-x, 14 m w.tw llailmgs, litnatc on a rivulet th.it enters a bay of the Mngliflt channelt called Pevenli-y Harbour. Here is an an- cient caftlc, which belonged to Robert earl of Morten, and Hud ti) be the hrgefl and mod entire remain of •' oman build- ing to be Icen in Britain. Fevcnfey was anciently , I famous haven, though now It lit nearly z m from the fea. Here Swain landed in 1049, when he cirnect off his couiin Beorn and murdered him ; and here William of Normandy landed, when he inv.idcd England. l*faffenhofc:n, a town of Bav.iria. with a BjnediiJHni; monaftcry at a I'mall di- (lance. It is feated on the Ilm, 15 m* Injioldft.idt. PfaUtn, a town of France, in the department of Sarre, lately of Germany, in the clt(5t 'rate of Ticves. It has a convent, which was f.rmerlyn palace of the kings of the Franks, and ftand» on the .Moielle, 3 m ne Treves. Pf 'hhr/hdnit a town of France, in the department of M*)nt Tonnerre, late- ly of Oermany, in the paUtinat* ei tlir a O4 I' \i nr it. * if I "• i PHI Khine ; (vMsd on the river Prim, 5 m w Worm*. l'/t/f!i"t, i\ town of ilwinViljiidt >ii thr t .inuiii III' /iirich, 1 i nt ( Zurich. iy.t^r, u li'vvn of Ii.iv4ria. on t rivn of thr l4nu' n.imr, ti<.ir itM cotilliix with thr ly.iiMihci < I Ml » hy << U.tiilhon. J'/rtrn, .1 uivMi jikI Ittrdllrpiti Lur4* tia. 10 Ml (itibvti. t*/ttr%hnm% .1 town of >u.ibi.i, in the m.irgr.tv.iti' ol ll4il> n-DurUch, with .1 caltlr. It h.ii A ir.ulc v«ith llolbiul ill wood, and m^rnif i^turc* of cloili, tiiif}*!, (tockiiifrn. j> wdlriy, .itui watch< ■« it i« fcaittt on thr i'.nt/.t 1 j m K liy > Durach. P/rrimit, n tuwn ol' tlic paUlni.itc of Bavari.i, with n cM\\t, li.tli-d at the con- flux of till- Ptrt imlit with the Nab, 10 m u Amiirrg. PfiilleHdorft .1 town of Sil.lbia, (rated on tlic AntLillpatch, ;.; m n liy k Cun- ilancc. VfuUinatn, a town of Siinbin, in tlic duchy of Wirtcniburjc, H m »K 'I'nbiiijjcn. l'/uil/btir/{, .1 fortiftrtl town of I'rancet In thr (it partmcnt of Mcurti-, 25 m wn w StrniburK- Pharos, a (mnll iflmd in the Mi-«ll« trrrnncin lc;i» oppulitc AI<'X,iiidii:i, in Egypt, thr Ip.icc (Ktween which and the continent forms an cxtenfivo liar- bour. It h.ifl n communication with ttic continent by a (tone caufcway i.iid bridpic. Ft formerly hAd an rxceedii'K- ly hixh tower, calird Ph.»ros, and at the top were iighto for thr diredion of Ihips. Lon. ,)i II I' , lat. (o 24 n. Fharza, anciently I'harlaii.i, a town of European 'I'lirkty, in 'I'hciraly, fa- mous for the dccifivf vi(5lory gained by JuliusCt far over l'umpey,in 48 B. c. It is an archirpiicop.ll fer, and feated on the Eniprus, 16 m sw Larifla. Phajis ; fee liioni. Vhiladelphiat a city of Afiatic Turlcey, in Natoliu, foatrd at the foot of the mountain Timolus, in an oxtcnfive plain. The Greeks ret.iin its ancient name, but the Turks call it Allahijah. It contains ii»ooo inhabitants, among whom are aooo Clirillians, who have four churches and a Greric archbiOiop. It is 40 m ESK Smyrna. Lon. a8 15 k, lat. 38 28 N. Pli'iladelphiat the capital of Pennfyl- Tania. and formerly the metropolis of the United States of America, lituate in the county of its name, on the w bank of the Delaware, which is here a mile broad. It was laid out by William Penn, the firft proprietary of the pro- vince, in 1683. and fettled by a colony from England ; and, by a conftant in- flux of fordgBcri, increafed to fo great piir A ilf^Ki', thit In leUih4n a century nnd hi thr lilt time of the llrft prrfori horn III It of t-ltiropr^n p4ri iiti, it wn lontputitl to contain 6000 hinifci jg,i( 4 .'j')o liihabitanti, in the city and fub mho. Till* popnijtion ha» been crin-l Itantly incrcafltiK, and in iSot it H41I eAim.itrd to contain 70.0.VO inhihiUntiJ The •>ri|;inai plan was an oblong r(|ii4rrJ on the illhmiis bctwcrn thr UtUw^rr' and Mchuylkil rivcri, one mile from to N on tfie fornttr and lw<» from n, w on the latur Hut tin- I)iU«.it front h.is bicii prrfcrrid, and the bun ingt now occupy a fp.irc nearly \ m 1 leti^lh, and in tiie moil rxtrmUtl p do not reach a milr from the I)il.iA.irr| Thr ftrieta iiitrrf* ci each other ut ngll antttci i the principal one is Hro^J ftrert, \\\ fret wide, running Nan.liJ which is croll'i'd by IliKh-ftrect, fc't wide, ixtrnding fiom tivi-r to rii ver ; the other flruets, in gencr^il, 4rtj 50 I'cct wide; they are nil p.iviJ,, have broad bricked footwayn, »,: pumps on each fule .a about looyinli from each other, with a lamp on H top. I iere arc t6 places of public tA Ihip for Chrillians of various (IcnonJ tuitions, and a fynagoKne furtlie|«J The llitrhoule is a m.igniHccnt bmlJ ing ; on thr left of which is a city courl hi.| Ip.uH; iicirlv \ mi lUdil rxtnuicil p^cl from thr l)il,ujrJ \ f .ich ollur ut rM \\u\ ontr i» Hr>i44| Ic, runiiinn w an.ltj by lligh.ftmt, i.i| ig from tivi-r to ^ ■L'cti, i" uciier^l.ire y Arc all p.«viJ,. fil footway*, •; Ic at about looyatiii with a l;imy on \H placci t>f public »oij I of varloiu ilcnnmij lago^uc for tliej'«i a m.igiiificent hw\i which i« a cilycni;t;j ; tinhi a philoliiphi ili' i& a county ciiurtj public lil-rary, W ic huildlngi. A lorated hire in \M ivcri by the Ihte, ii tlic old coU»'t!C. Hr ■ary atul hiiniiiiic \m fetiil inftitutioin, tc. The city is ;< )r, had numcrottin conCulcrabIc inli'^ It i8 97m»w N( KE Walhington, Ik Loiv. 75 10 w.M wn of Sicily, in Vil c. It has been Id "affron, and ftands wNW Catania. ,wn of Ti'rra Fittnii enezuela, 70 m »\' , fw allowed up. «" e great earthquikc ownofNewSpai^i N Gi'anaxuato Ipain; (te Xativa- dt Marannon, 0/ two iflands in thej vered by captain I ' :y are 5 m afundetil PUT iftiuly ft>!trt't townni the w liUiuti which l.rit l« the fmallcft. They arc itffreU witir (hiut>i>, h4v«' 4 fi-w 1*11 trtr* on them, orwl the land i* low. Ion. (of the eJliirii idaiiU) 14'j J R, Ui. }*hilti>i'n.illt% A fortirird l»nt name in honour of Philip II of Spain. Il ii 1 6 III N UmToy. Pkilil>^, .1 town of l'iiritp«aii Tui* I k.71 in Mjcciloni.t, and .in archhifhop'a i((. On the plain near thi* plice, Cal- tut und nriiliii were defratrd l>y An* Ifullui and M.trk Antony, in 41 m c. It in greatly decayed, but an ariiphi- thrairc and rever.il other moiiument>i of iti ancient grandrur remain. It i« Uo m K S.ilonica. Lon. %^ iH r, Ut. U}40 N. Philif^int, a ftrong town of the Ne« !h(rUnit«i in Flandcr«. It was t.ikcn by ihe Frrnch in 1747, rrftorrd in 1748, inj ag.iii) taken in 1794. It is le.ited Ion an arm of the Scheldt, 1 5 m n by w JGhcnt. Hilif^ine f/lanJj, a large group of |il]in(lii ill the N Pacific ocean, difcovcr- Itdby Magrllan, in i>;it, and afterward Iconqiicrrd by thr Spaniard.s, in the Ireij;!! of Philip II. They lie 400 m •! of jl.hina, and arc laid to dp i 10 ) in num- Ibcr, hut fomc hundreds of them arc Ivfry fmall. The principal arc, luco- liii,i, MiiuLrnao, P.ir.igoa, Samar, Mal# Hvite, Mindoro, Luban, Panay, Lcyt.i, llkihol, Zebu, Negros, it- John, and \byo. This pxtenlivc group prelcnts Mny vdlcanic appearaneei, and h fub- fifl to violent carthquak«*8, thundrr, ifid raini. The air is hot and inoifl, ini the foil fertile in vice, breadfruit, |nd many other iileful vegetables and Iruiti. Thecotton is of peculiar benuty, |nd the lugar-canr and cocoa-nut trees re objr^ls of particular cuhure. Th« i?>:« arc always green, and there arc ipc frnitj all the yt ar. Here are many "ilMbealts and birds, quite unlwnown in ■urope; alfo many noxious and vt- »moui creatures, and even herbs and lowersthat arc poilbnous. Oi)ld,cop- »r, and iron arc amonjjthc ccitain pro« lutls. The natives are affable, hofpita- lle, and honeft, and cultivate the land >ith abundant Ikill ; but they arc not I of one original. The principal tribe, illed Tagals, feem of Malay origin ; 'fy arc tall and well made, of a tawny ■•mplexion.and wear only a kind of fhirt '«l looic drawers ; but the drefa of the 'omen is chiefly a large mantle, and PT A thtir txautiful bliick hair it of grrat Irnnih. The houlietarv of b-imboo, eo* «eri'd with pulm Icavm, raifml on pilUtt to the height ol Hint' Irit The 1 lilef fiKMl U ricr, cucoAMiuts, and falted Alh. Set LutiiHItt. VhiUptiitfcH, a town of European Tur- key, in Huft^.iria, arid an 4rchbifht)p'« ie«*. It u iic4tly built, and chiefly iiihabiird by Grerk*. It ftanda un the MarilTit 60 m 9.^t SoUai .uid 8tt wNW Adria* riopir '.on. tj \x », lai 4} jj ¥. I*hilipt S'urttM, a town in .Nimerfet* (hire, with .1 market on Thurfday, 7 m « hv ». Hath, and 104 w London. i'/iilif^jhui(f, A town v( N«MV Jerlty, in SuMex county, 00 the river UeU- w.irr, uppollte I'iadon in Pennfylvania, 41 m Nw Trenton. I'tiilifjlurif, a town f)f New York, In DiictietM c.'iiuty, !ieir which is a mine that yicldi virKin (ikcr. Il Itands on the > (tde of lludfon liver, aH m n by r N -w York. l*hilipjlur}^t a town .ind fortrefs of Germany, in the late bifhnpric of S[Mre. The iwamps round ir add greatly to its Ihtngth. It watt taken by the French in i7;)4, vvheu the dal\e of Berwick wat killed the (lefjc ; but it was rcllored the year toilowiiii;, by the treaty of Vienna. In xj^p), it w.!! four timei blockaded by the French republicans, vviihout luceclli. It now bclnugs to Ba« den, and is fcktcd on the Rhine, 17 m k Durlach. P/ii/iA/faii, .1 town of Sweden, In Weinieiiiul, featcd in a niountaiiioua country, abounding in iron mines, be- tween two lakcH, and watered by a ri- vulet. In 1775. it was dellroyed by fire, but h.is been rebuilt. It is iz ru NK Carlftad, and 160 w by n Stock- holm. Philiptoiun, a borough of Ireland, capital of Kuig county. It is 42 m w^ by s Dublin, f.on. 7 15 w, lat. 53 18 V. Phrat ; fee Kuphratfs. Piacitiza. or Plat: f ma, a fortified town of Italy, capital of a duchy, in- cluded in that of Parma, and a bilhop'a fee, with a good citadel, .ind a celebrat- ed univerfity. The churches, convents, Iquares, llreets, and fountains are beau- tiful. The great fquare is ornamented with brafs equcftrian llatucs of the cele- brated Alexander Farncfe and hia bro- ther Ranuncio. The inhabitants, about 30,000. have (carccly any other employ- ment than the manufaifture of filk llufTf. At this place, in 1746, the Auftriana gained a dcci live vidory over the Spani- ards aud French In 1796, the French ^1 PID PIL tools poirefTjon of Pi.icenza ; were forced Piedmont, a liite principality of Italy, to evacuate it in 1799 ; but regained it 150 m loiitr, aiir 90 broad ; boundeil on in 1800. It i? .if priMier extent than the N by Viiiairt. fe, by Milantfc, 1 by PArrni , ind ft., cd inn v til cultivated the county of r>J ice .iiid the tcrritoiy of courtry, near thi river Pi., 38 u\ wnw Genoa, and v*' liy F« jnce and Savoy. It P.i'-ma. l.on. 9 ,58 e, Lt- 43 j w. See Parma. Pianczzoy a town and catlli* of Pitvi- mof't,. fe..ti d on tliC Dora, 6 nr» w Turin. Piano -I, ;'n iP^nd of Iialy, off the coafl I, "lu'^any, 6 m 9 of ihat of Lib;*, f I is lev«:l aiid low aa the na.iiel;riportf». Lon. I) 3rj E, 1 1. 4i 46 f . Pjave, a river <.f Italy, which rifes on the iVontins of tlie principrthiy of Hiixcn, flows by Cadcre, Btliu'io, and Pcltri, and t!irou};h the province of Trivifo, into the ijull' of Venice, 16 ni VF. Venice. Piazza, a town of Sicily, in Va* di Noto, ^i m v\ by s Cat.inia. Picardyt a late province of Franc<', bounded on the m bv i' linault, Aitoif, and the ftrait of Do.cr, E by Cham- pagne, s by the iPe if Frniice, and w by Normandy anc! U\e Eigllfii cli:ionil. It now forms the depaitmenf v)f S.>mme. Piciglitone ; fee Pituigh^tone Pickerrngt a town in N Yorkdiire, with a market on Monday, and the re- mains of a cadk', 36 u\ ne of York) and 323 N by w Loudon PickerfvilUt a town of S Car'>lira, in Pendleton county, cpital of Walhing- ton diAriA. It is 52 ip wnw Cam- bridge. Picoy one of the Azores, or Weftcrn iflandb. It haj a vclcir.c mountain, called Pico, nboul 8000 fc.^<. in height from the r..rface of the Ah ; and on its iidf-s are nuxerous craters, feveral of them now almoft concealed by trees. Th** laft eiuption of the peak happened in i7 iH, and deftroyed fevera! vineyard?. Tiie ''iland is about 8e m in circumfer- ence, and prn.Uicps a great deal of wine. Lon. JO 26 w, !at pi, 29 n. Piffou; a fmall ifland between that of St John and Hie con^in^nt of Nova Sco- tia, at the B en 1 of Northumberland ftrait. Lon. 6: i.s •' » 'ai- 45 50 n. Pii^s fVii.'l, in England, a famous barrier, ere(^t<:d by the RomH:'i(, to de- fend the Brioiifi agjinlt t'12 iiicurfions of the Pid^s, of wf-irh iotne fmall re- mains r;ro kit. l! began at the entrance o*" Scl va\ *'::;h, in Cumberland^ and pafT d ucrofj the ifland by Carlifle and Ni wcaftle to Tynemouth includes the dui.-; y i)t McnMeirai, and containb mar; W\^\. nv untainB, an»org wi ich are ncli and friiirful \ .(leys, as populous as ai.y p.irt of I1.1i/. In the moun[ain iicfe, «; m sE Sienn.i. Pierre, St- a fmall ifland near New- foundland, ceded to the French in 1763, for drying and curing their fifli. 'Jhty were difpofrefied of it by the Englifliin 1793. Lon. 56 o w, lat. 46 39 N. Pierrct St. a town of Martinico, fitii. ate on a round buy, on the w coafl, 13 m N'v Fortroyil. Lon. 61 21 w, lat. 14 1 Pierre It Moutier^ St. a town of I Fr:inc«-, in the department of Nievre, k-ated in a bottom, fnrrounded by mountains, and near a lake, 15 m nw| Moulins, and 150 6 Paris. Pietro, St an ifland in the Meditcr- 1 ranean, 13 iji Uii.g md ^i broad, near the sw coaftofSardiriia, taken by thcFrer^ in 1793, but retaken i'uun after. Pignerol. <>r Pinero/a, a town of Pied- 1 mont, formtrly fortified, but now only furronnded by a wall. It is featedoal the Ciulbn. 18 m sw Turin. Pilgram, a town of Bohemia, in the I circle of Bechin, at the fource of the) Iglan, a8 m E Tabor. PilkingtvTii a town in Lancafliire,wiili| confiderable manufadtures. The inha- bitants were 5786 in 1801, and ^^si '"I iSti. It is 4 m sw Manchetfer. Pillauy a ieaport of Pruflia, on tbtl Baltic. The harbour is good, and iiiil PiduurOi a town of European Tur- well fortified, being confidered as tbcj key, in Morea, the ancient Epidaurus; bulwark and key of the kingdom. Hcitj fituatc o'a the w coaft of the gulf of is a magazine for military ftores ; amir £ngia, 35 m E Napoli di Romania. Loi>. below the gate of the caftle isaftoDij aj %i if lat. 37 40 w. rqueftrian ftatue of Frederic- Willit' PIN th« gwat. The ftreeH ire broad tnJ (Iriiglit, and the houfet built in the Dutch taftf . It i» ao m w by a Koni^r> berg, of which it u the port- Lon. ao JO e. lat. 54 38 s. Pilnitz, a town of Upper Saxony, in Miliiia, with a royal palace; celebratfd for a treaty entered into by the princes of Europe againll France in 1791. It is 7 m SE Drelden. Piljerit a town of Bohemia, capital of a circle of the fan.e name, which is particiil.ttly rich in flirep, and noted for excflleot checfe. It is fi)rtified, and wdl built, and feated at the conflux of the Kadhuza and Walta, 35 m aw Piaitne. LK)n. 13 ,;a b, l-it. 49 41 n. PilJ'no, or PilzoiVt a town of Poland, in the oaUtinate of Sandomir, feated on the Wilfake, 50 m saw Sandomir. Pilten, a town of Courjand, capital ef a fertile diftridt ot the fame mme. It is feated on the WuidaUf la m nnw GoMincen. Pineinejf, an inland diftrirt of S Ca- rolina, cumprehenuing the counties of York, Chefter, Union, and Spartanburg. Pinckneyvillf^ a to^vn of S t arolina, in Union county, capital of Pinckney dillriiit. It in fitu^te on Bi'oad rirer, at thf influx of the PrtC^lci, 75 m nw Co- lumbia Lon Ri 40 w, lat. 34 52 n. Pines, Ijle f>f, an ifland 14 m long, in thr S Pacihw ocean, off the s end of New Cal>'donia. It is quite a pointed hill. ilt)ping toward ihe txrretnities, vhxh are vtry low; and on the low I. n 1 are many tall pine trees. Lon. 1 67 38 ".. lat. 1) i% s. Plnry, a town of France, in the de- partment of Aube, la m kne Troyes. P'mf(-king, or Pmg yuen, a city of China, of the fiift rank, in the provinre of Koei-tcheou. It is 930 m ssw Pe- king. Lon. 142 28 v., lat. 36 38 N. Ping- Hang, a. city of China, of the firft rank, in the p ovince of Chcn-fi. It isfiated on the Kin-ho, 550 m sw Pe- king', Lon. 106 2$ fe,lat. 3? 35 N. Ptnhe/, a ftron? town of Portugal, in Beira, capita! of » territory of the fame name. It is feateo on the Coa, »« m N by w Guarda. Lon. 6 40 w, lat. 40 46 s. Pinneberg., a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Holftein, capital of a iordfhip, wiih a caftle. It is feated on theO.ve, 15 m Nw Hamburg, and i6 SB G.uckftadt. Pinos, an ifland of the W Indies, on th'sfide of Cuba, 15 m lonjc and 15 Broad, mountainous, and covered with pinw. Lon. 2 a 33 w, lat. aa sN. PI S Pinjk, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Hrzefc. There are mmy Jfws among the inhabit.ints, and the Greeks ha-e a biflii p. The chief ma- nufacture is drefllng Kuflian leather. It is furrounded by moraflcs, and Itands on a river of the fimc name, 9; m K Bizefc. Lun. 26 20 f, lat. 52 lU n. Piombino, a fnMll principality of Italy, on the coaftof Tufcany.to which was annexed the ifland of Elba, feparat- ed hy a channel 7 m broad It had ita own prince, under the proteAion of Nap!c»; but, fince 1800, the continental part has belonged to Tufcany, and the ifland to France. Piotiihino, a feaport of Italy, capital rf the prmcipality of the fame name. It has a gooil harbour, defended by a citadel, and is feated on a peninfula, 40 m ssE Leghorn. Lon. 10 23 e, lat. 42 57 N. Piperno, a town of Italy, in Cam- pagna di Roma, built out of the ruins of the ancient Privernum, and leated on a mountain, 9 m nnw Terracina. Pipley, A town of Hindoodan, in Ben- gal, winch formerly had Englilh and Dutch fn(5toiies; feated on the Suban- reeka, not far frum its mouth, 53 m s Midnapour. Pirano, a fmall fiaport of Iftria, feat- ed on a peninfula, 6 m sw Capo d'iflria. Piritz, a town of Further Pomei ania, where the ancient dukes of Pomcrania often reflded ; feated near the lake Mai- dui, 13 m 6 by w New S'argard. Pirmafens, a town of France, in the department of MontTonnerre, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Deux Ponts. Near this place, in 1793* the French were defeated by the PrufTians. It is 13 m E Deux Ponts. Pir/ta, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia. It has .^ caflle on a mountain, called Sonnenltein, which was almoil delfroyed by the Pruflians in 1756 and 1758, and is now an alylum for invulids, ^c. It is a place of confiderable trade* fituafeon the Elbe, ta m se Dreidcn. Pi/at a city of Tufcany, capital of Pifano, and an avchb'fliop s ft*-, with a famous univerlity, and t. ree forts. The Arno runs through the city, and over it are three bridges, the miildle one con- flruiSed of marble; and there is a canal hence to Leghorn. Pifa formerly Cvin- taiiu'd locjcoo inhabitants, but there are not at prelent above 16,000, fo that grals grows in fome ot the Itrcets. The mannfadturei* confift of ftecl, jewellery, embroidery, damaflcs, velvet, taflfetaj' and calico. The cathedral is a magni- *\ V. \, rm'Wmn m:m\ PIS flcent ftruAure, and with its baptiftiy, belfry, and cemetery, which an- de- tached fabrics, occupy a very confider- able fpace ; the belfry is a Icanitig tower, much noticed by travellers. There are upward of 80 more churches, and that of St. Stephen, belonging to an order of Irtii^;ht3, and St. Maria dell i Spina, in •which part of our S.iviour s crown of thorns is faid to be preferred , arc de- ferving of notice. The othir remnrk- able buiWings are the palaces of the grand duke and archbifhop, the arfcnai, the great hofpital, and the magnificent exchange; the lad isalmod luptrfluous, as the trade of Pifa is removed to Leg- horn. Three m n of the city are cele- brated baths, conltriifted at the expenfe of the hofpital of Pifa ; and the revenues arifing from them are appropriated to the hofpital. This city was poll tiled arid evacuated by the French republi- cans, in the fame manner at* that of Leg- horn. It is feated in a fertile plain. 4 m from the Mediterranean, la nne Leghorn, and 48 why s Florence. Lon. 10 z^ E, lat. 4? 43 N. Pifanoy a province of Tufci^ny, lying swof Florentine, on the Mediterranean. It is 47 m long and 25 broad ; abounds in corn, oil, wine, and is well cultivat- ed ; but fome of the neceflaries of life are dear- Pifa is the capital. Pifcadorfs; fee Pong-hou. P'lfcataqmi 3 river of New Hamp- Ihire, the mouth of which forms the only port in that ftate, and at its en- trance is a lighlhoufc. Lon. 70 41 ^^'> lat 43 4 N. Plfcatanuatjy a town of Maryland, in Prince George county, on a creek of its name which Duws vv into the Potomac, 14 m s Wafliington. P'tfcOf a town of Peru, in the audience of Lima, with a good r<>ad for fliips. It is feated in a country rich in excellent fruit and wine, 140 m sst Lima. Lon. 75 ?5 w, lat. 13 .^6 s. Ptfekt a town of Bohemia, capital of the circle of Prachin. Bohemia dia- monds ar" found here. It is ic^ted on the Watawa, near its conflux with the MuKiaU; 58 m ssw Prague. Lon. 14 o V, la<. 49 2 1 r^. P'ljhour \ fee Pe'ijhore. Pi/hia, a city of Tufcany, in FIo- rentino,andubi{hop's fee. with a citadel. Here are feveral fine churches, mag- niiicent palace.s and handfome ftreots ; but it is almoft defert. d- In the neigh- bouring mountains, which are a part of the Apennines, are mines of copper and cryftals. It is feated near the Stel- 29 r PUT la, io m WNw Florence. Lon. n ^■^l■^t• 43 5.S ^^ Pithn, a feaport of Sweden, in W Bothnia, with a fortrefs 5 feated on a finall iflaiid, at the mouth of the Pitha, in the Kulf of B;)thnia, and joined to the continent by a wof)den bridge. It is 9? m NNE Uma. Lon. ao 58 e, lat- 65 Pit/'iivhrj ; fee Pluviers. PitLeatlihj, a village of Scotland, in a leftired vale, 5ms Perth. Here are mlniral waters that have been long famed in fcorbutic complaints, and it has trood accommodations for invalids. Pitfc/ient a town of Silefia, in the principality of Rrieg, on the frontiers of Poland, ,io m N E Brieg. Pittoiweem, a borough of Scotland, it) Fif '^hire, with a harbour on the frith of Forth. In the vicinity are coal mines and flit works. It is 10 m s by e StJ Andrew. Pitt/bur^, a town of N Carolina, chief of Chatham county. It is famous for pure air and water, and ftands on a rifing ground, in a rich and well culti* vated country, 16 m w Ralegh. Pittjlurg, a town of Pennfylvania, capital of Allegany county, fituate on a point of land between the rivers Alle- gany and Monongahela. It is the flaple of commerce for Philadelphia with the weftern country, and alfo for the nu- merous eftablifliments formed on the above two rivers, which here unite and take the name of Ohio ; and by this river and the Mifliflippi, it hao a trade with Louifiana and New Orleans. Herewai Fort Du Quefne, which was abandoned by the French in 175)!. on the approach of general Forbes, and its name changed to F'jft Pitt ; but it is now gone to de- cay. Fort Fayette, a recent ftrudlure, ftands on the bank of the Allegany. Here are manufadtures of glaffi, nails, hats, and tobacco ; and Ihip-building is pra(^ifed to a confjderable extent. It is 300 m w by N Philadelphia. Lon. 80 8 w, lat. 40 22 N. Pittsfifld, a town of Maflachufets, in Berkshire county, fituate in a rich vale, on the Houfatonic, 38 m w North- ampton. Pittjtoivn^ a town of New Jerfey, in Hunterdon county, on the w headwa- ters of the Rariton,32 ni n Trenton. Pittjio-un, a town of the diftrift of Maine, in Lincoln county, fituate on the Kennebec, 22 m n by w WifcafTet. Piura, a town of Peru, capital of a jurifdidion of the fame name, in thedio- cefe of Truxillo. This was the firft Spa* •T'' ^ PL A nilli fettlftnent in Peru, founded by Pi- 71110 in 153 1, and its territory produces much cotton, fug;»r,ni:iize, and fruit. It Ihnds 7 m from tlir* fen, on the w banic of a river,whirh is fometimi's dry in fum- iner, for it fddom rains htrc. It is 2j m SB Paita, and 255 nw 'IVuxilio. Lon. 80 29 w, lat. 5 15 s. Pizzighetoitf, a fortififd town of Italy, in Cremonefe, with a ftrong caflic, in which Francis i of France wan kept pri- foner. It was taken by the French in 1733, again in 1706, and retaken by the Auftrians and Ruflia 19 in 1799. It is fiUiate on tho Adda, 10 m nw Cremona. Pizzo, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, on the gulf of St- Eufemia, 4 m w l>y N Monte l^eone. P/acentia, a city of Spain, in Eftrema- dura, and a bifhop's lee, with a caftle. It is feated in a plain, almoft Airround- ed by mountains, 50 m nk Alcantara, and 110 wsw Madrid. Lon. 5 55 w, lat. 40 6 N. PIneentia, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, feated on the Oeva, 25 m e by s Bilboa. Plaeentiot a leaport of Newfound- land, on the E fide of a large bay on the 8 part of the idand. The haVbour is ca- pacious, and defended by a fori, called St. Louis. It is 60 m wsw St. John. Lon. 53 43 w, lat. 47 15 n. Placenza ; fee Pi»cenza- PlainfieU, a town of Connedlicut, in Windham county, on the w fide of the Quinabang, 10 m ese Windham. P/att, a town of Bohemia, in the cir- cle of PilfAi, with a caftle» 20 m se r^gra. Plaffey, a town of Hindooftan, in Ben- )»al, leated in a plain, memorable for a great vitJtory obtained by colonel ("live, in 1757, over the nabob Surajah Dow- lah. It is 25 m s Moorihedabad. P/ata, or Chnqidfaca, a city of Peru, capital of the audience of Charcds, and an archhifhop's fee, with a iiniverfity. The cathedral is large, and finely adorn- ed with paintings and gildings It is fi'ated on the Chimao, 600 m se Cufco. Lon. 66 34, w, lat 19 16 s. Plata-, or llio de la Plata, a large ri- ver of S America, formed by the union of the great rivers Parana and Uraguay. It was difcovered, 1.1 1515, by Juan Diaz de Solis, a Spanifh navigator, who was (lain by the natives in endeavour- ing to make a delcent in the country. It forms the s boundary of Brafii, and enters the Atlantic between the capes of St. Anthony and St. iMary, the latter HI lat 35 s. It is 150 m broad at its raouth } at Monte Video, 60 m up the river, the land is not to be dilcerned on P L E cither fhore, when a vrfTel is in the mid- dle of the channel ; and at Uucnos Ay res, 160 m higher, the oppofite ihure is not to be dilcerned from that city. This river has many iflets and (hoals, which caufe advcrfe currents, and ren- der the navigation intricate. It gives name to a province of Paraguay, now more ufually called Buenos Ayrcb, from its capital Plate Forme, a town of St- Domingo, on the s fide of the n pcniniula, 21 m ssE St. Nicholas. Plate, a town and caflle of Further Poinerania, on the river llega, 19 m E by s Camin. P/ On the fite of his cattle is now a brick farm-honfe. Ple^e, a town of Silefia, capital of a lordlhip, with a fine caftie. It is fur- \%:,K. rounded by walls flanked with towers, and feated on the Viftula, 36 m ESB Ratibjr. Lon. 19 3 e, lat, 49 57 w. ■« ':J ! ,, 1- ! ffl 11 Ill " ■•■ fit il i f. ll nnt7, feaied on Delaware river. 36 m N Philadelphia. Pluvierj, or Pithiviersy a town of France, in the department of Loiret, 20 m NVE Orleans. Plymouth t a borough and feaport in Devonshire, jrovtrned by a mayor, with a market on Monday, Thnrfday, and Saturday. It is featcd at the mouth of the Plym, and. next to Portfmouth, is the molt confiderabic harbonr in I'lng- land for men of war. There are, pro- p riy fp«>aking, three harbours, called Caiwiter, Sot'on Pool. anor- ings for ga, and good .inchurage for a much greater number. Thele harbours uiiite in a capacious bay, called the Sound ; and their entrances are defend- ed by a fort on St. Nicholas ifland, by a citadel nearly oppofite to that idand* upon a hill which overlooks the town, and by fevenl batteries and hlock>hou(es em different points of the barbuur. See PLY Plf/meuth-dock. Near the citadel is the Victunlling Office, an exteti/ive range of buildingRi in which are two b.dcehoufe!), each containing four ovens, that in one day can bake a i'ufiicient qnantity of bread for 16.000 men. The fifhery for pilchardk extends no further % than this port, whence great quantities are ex- pr)ricd to Italy and other catholic c >untries. Plymouth hui two parifli churched, is governed by a mayor, ai.J cirries <»ii a conliderable foreign and domcftic tra'le. The ruimber of in- habitants wa.i 19 040 ill iR'ji, and 20.H03 in 181 1. It ii^well fupplnd with fn 111 water, fird brousht hire, irom a pi ice 7 m off", by the fur >u fir Fi an(ris Drake. It is 4j m sw !..> ttr, and ai6 w by » London. Low. 4 7 w, Ut. 50 21 N. Plymouth, a feaport of M-tfTarhnfetn, capital of a county of the iitme name. It is the oldeft fetl'emt nt in New Eng. land; nnd the roek on which their fore- fathers fird landed was c<»nviyed, in 1774, from the Ihore to a Iquaie in the centre of the town. The principal bnfinefsof the pldce i« the c petre, alum, marma, honey, and wax; and there are mines of fait, of a great depth, out of which is dug rockfalt. Horles are numerous, very ftrong, fwift, and beautiful ; and horned cattle are bred in fuch numbers, that above 80,000 are driven every year out of the coun- try. The principal rivers are the Dnie- per, Viltula, Dwin?-, Niemen, Dnicfter, Bog, and Bug. Poleron ; fee Poolor$oH. Pole/iOt a name commonly given to the palatinate of Brzefc, in Lithuania. PokJinOf a province of Italy, in the duchy of Venice; bounded on the n by Paduano, e by Dogado, s by Fcr- rarefe, and w by Veronefe. It is 41 m long and 17 broad, and fertile in corn and pafture. Rovigo is the capital. Polf St. a town of France, in the de- portment of Pas de Calais, noted for mineral waters, 16 ra nw Arras. Policaadro, an iflard in the Archipe- lago, one of the Cycladea, ao m in circuit. Here are a few villages, a caiile, and a harbour ; but it confifts. POL in general, of barren rocks and moun- tains- It lifs between Milo and Puros. Lon. as u ''i I'lt' .^-6 ,^i n. Policajho, a town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Citra, on a gulf of tlu- Time nam«.', in the Mcdilerraiicao, 85 m sk Naples. Loll. 15 40 b, lat. 40 15 t*'* PoUxnatio, a town of Naples, in Ter- ra di bari, feated on a craggy rock, iie.ir the gulf o» Venice, 16 m u Bari. Pol'tgny, u town of France, in the de- partment of Jura, fealcd on a vivulct, ao m ssw Belli n(;on. Polina, a town of European Turkey, in Albania, 12 m s Dura/zo. Politz, a town of Hither Pomerania, noted for hops, 8 m n Stettiu. Politzka, a walled town of Bohemia, in the circle of Chrudim, on the fron- tiers of Moravia, 23 m se Chrudim. Polizzi, a town of Sicily, in Val di Mazara, at Die foot of the mountain Madonia, 42 m si. Palermo. Poiioivitz, a town of Silcfia, in the principality of Glogau, 13 ms Glogau. Pollocfi/haws, a town of Scotland, in Renfrewlhire. It has numerous bleach- fields, and ftands on the river White Cart, 4 m wsw Glafgow. Polno, a town of Further Pomerania, on the river Grabow, 38 in ese Colberg. Polore, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnal ic, 26 m ssw Arcot, and 55 nw Pondichcrry. Polotjk, a government of Ruflia, formed of part of the palatinate of Li- thuania, difmembered from Poland by the treaty of partition in 1772. The produa/, a town of PoitUj^al, in F.ftre. madura, with an ancient ca.'tle, i6m Nu Leirii, and 21 « Coimbr.!. Pomegue, a fmall ifland in the Medi- terranean, near the coift of I'Vancc, at the entrance into the harbour of Mar- Icillcs, defended by a tower, with a gar- rifon. Pomerania, a duchy of Germany, in the circle of Upper Saxony, 250 m long and 75 broad ; bounded on the n by the Baltic, e by Pruflii and Poland, » by Brandenburg, and w by Mecklen- burg. Tlie air \i pretty cold, but coinpenfatcd by iIk* fertility of the foil, which abounds in pafture and corn, of which laft a great deal is exported. It is a flat country, containing many lakes, woods, and forefts, and has feveral good harbours. The principal rivers are the Oder, Reckenitz, P^ene, Ucker, Rcga, Perfante, Wipper, Ihna, Stolpen, and Ltbo. It is divided by the Oder into Hither and Further Pomerania. The latter, and part of Hither Pomerania, lately belonged to the king of Pruflia ; and the remainder, n of the Peene, to the king of Sweden. Stettin and StraU fund are the chief towns. Pomerelia, a diftriift of W Pruflia, extending w from the river Viftula, to the duchy of Pomerania, of which it was formerly a part. Dantzic is the capital. Pomfreti a town of Conned^icut, in Windham county, i a m n n e Windham, and 40 E by N Hartford. Pomona, or Mainlandy the principal of the Orkney iflands, 24 m long and from 6 to 10 broad; but interfered by numerous arms of the fea. The general appearance of this country is much the fame as the Mainland of Shetland ; but the foil is rnore fertile, and in fome parts better cultivated . Kirkwall is the capi- tal. See Orkneys. Pondicherry, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic It was firil fettled by the French in 1674; and previoufly to the war of 1756 was a fine city. It ex- tended along the fea-coaft above a mile, and had a citadel, then the beft of its kind in India, which was taken by the Englifli, in 1761, and immediately razed, in retaliation of M. Lally's conduiJt to- ward fort St. David, in 1758. The town was refliored in 1763; taken by theEnglilh in 1778; reftorcd in 1783 j i' TON ■ml Jlgain tikm by thr Englifti in 179.1. It i« 85 m » by w Madrui. Lon. 79 53 E, lat. II 4> N. Pondieo, A rmnll uninhabited ifland of the nrrci-iri Archipelago, near the coaft of Ni'gntpdnt. Ponjferratln, a town of Spain, in Leon« on the river Sill, 40 m «w Leon. l*ani(-/ion, or Pijf adorn, a chider of in.-t'iiii in the China (ea, lyin^,' 6 leagui's from the w coaft of the ifland of For- mdfa. They are only fand banica or rodeo; and not ,1 (hrub is to be feen upon them. The harbour of Pong-hou in good, and wai fortified by the Dutch, while they wer« mailers of Formofo. A Chinefe garrifon is kept here, with one of the mandarins c.ilted literati, whofe chief employment it to watch the trading vefTels between China and Formofa. Lon. lai 25 k, lat. 15 30 n. Pons, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower CharenK?, with a mineral fpring ; feated on a hill, near the river Sevigne, 10 m 8 Saintrs. Pons, St. a town of France, in the department of Hfrault, and lately a bi- (hop's fee. It is feated in a valley fur- rounded by mountains, in which are fine marble (|uarric8, 24 m N Nurbonnc. Lon. a 47 c, Int. 43 29 k. Pont de fArc/iti u town of France, in the department of Eure, feated on the Seine, 18 m n Evreux. Pont Audemer, a town of France, in the department of Kure, feated on the Rille, 23 m wsw Ruuen, and 38 nw Evreux. Pont de Camnre, a town of France, in the depiirtmcnt of Aveiron, noted for mineral w;iters, 40 m ssb Rodez. Pont de CV, a town of France, in the department of Mayenne and Loire, feat- ed on the Loire, 3ms Angers. Pont rEvegue, a town of France, in the department of Calvados. It is a trading place, feated on the Touque, 4 m from the fea, and 40 wsw Rouen. Lon. o 10 R, lat. 49 17 w. Pont dn Gard ; l"»*e Gard- Pout Gibaut, a town of France, in the deparlmciit of Piiy de Dome, 10 m wNw Clermont. Pont a MouJJon, a town of France, in the d-partmcnt of Meurte. It had once a nniverfity, which was removed to Nancy in 1768. Here was lately feveral religious hoiifes, and thepremonftrantes had a magnificent church. It is fcate** on the Mofelle, which divides it into two parts, 14 m NNW Nancy. Pont St' E/pritf a town of France, in the department of Gard, on the river Rhone. Here is one of the fineft bridge! PON in Europe, confifting of 19 great and four fmall arches. To facilitate the paflage of the water in time of floods, apertures are made through each pier, fix feel above the comnion level of the river i and to ftcm the rapidity of the river, the bridge is not built in a right line, but in a curve. 'I'hii. pafTige is defended by a cit.ulcl, within which in the ehurch of the Holy Spirit, project- ing into the river. Pont St. Efprit is i / m d Viviers, and 55 ne Montpcllicr. Lon. 4 40 R, ht. 44 ij N. Pont St. Maxenctt a t(»wn of France, in the department of Seine and Oifc, feated on the Oilc', j m N Sen! is. Pont fur Seine, a town of I'Vancc, in the department ofAube, with a cafth , feated on the Seine, 17 m Nw Troyes, and 55 SK Paris. Pont de Vauxt ^ town of France, in the department of A in, (cated on th^; Refouze, near its conllux with theSaone, 8 m 8 Macon. Pont de Fejle, a town o^ France, in the department of Ain, with manufac- tures (»f ItufFs and tapeflry j feated on the Vefle, ic m w Bourg. Pont fur Vonne, n town of France, in the department of Yonne, ftatcd on the Yonne, 8 m nw Sens. Ponta Del^ada, a feaport of St. Mi- chael, one of the Azores. It is defend- ed by a citadel, and contains about 8000 inhabitants. Lon. 25 40 w, lat. 37 41; n. Pontarlier, a town of Franco, in the department of Doubs, with a ftrong caIHe on a mountain. It is feated on the river Doubs, and the frontiers of SwifTerland, aa m w Neuchatel, and 30 SE Befangon. Lon. 6 26 e, lat. 46 55 n. Pontchartrain, a lake in the w part of W Florida, 36 m long and 24 broad. It receives feveral rivers, and communi- cates E with the gulf of Mexico, and w with the MifTifTippi, through the lake Maurepas and river Ibbervillr. Pontcroix, a town of France, in the department of Finifterre, 15 m w Quim- per. Ponte, a town of Piedmont, at the conflux of the Soano and Oreo, 19 m NNw Turin. Ponte de Lima, a town of Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho, feated on the Lima, over which is a magnificent bridge, 13 m NwBraga. Ponte Stura, a town of Piedmont, in )yIon»ferrat, at the conflux of the Stura and Po, 4 m wsw Cafal. Ponte Vedra, a town of Spain, in Gali- cia, near the mouth of the Lcris, 26 m N Tuy. PwUha, or Pontt Imperiaht a town an eminence, nea PON of Oormany, in Carinthia, fcatcd on the Fella, over which is a briil^jc to Pont«'ba Venrta, a fmall town of the province of Friulii in lt.il/. It is ao m nnw Friuli, ami as cw Villich. Pontf/rai'1,A borough in W Yorkfhire PO P Poo/ft • borotiKh, fraport, and tht largtfft town, in DorfirtOiIre, with u mar- ket on Monday and Thurfday. It it a county of itlVlf, governed ty a mnyor, ant! fitu;ttron apj'fiinful.i proj.H*ti rig into a c.ipaciiius b.iy, which branches into governed b/ a mayor, with a market on many creeks, and forms li.'veral iflandi. Sitnrdiy. It is fitualr in a very rich foil, and noted for iur^e plantations of licorice. Thecaftltr, now itj ruins, has been the fcene of various tragical evenli in the Englifli hilkory; pirticularly th«' murder of Kiohard ii. It is aa m bw York, and 174 nnw London. Ponteiaml, a village in Norlhumbrr- land, on the river IMythe, 7 m Nt New- caftle. It was a Roman (tation, called Pons ^lii ; and here, in 1144. a peace was concluded between Henry 111 and the kint; of Scotland. Pontiana, a river of Bornoo, which enters the ocean by fevi'ral moiiths, on the w fide of the idand, under the ecjui- nn^ial lilies where the Dutch have a fuflnry. Pontivy, a town of Franc-*, in the de- partment of Morbihan, with a linen ma- nufa^ure ; feated on the Blavet, 35 m N Vannes. Ponteiji, a town of Fnince, in the de- partment of Seine aiid Oifc, with a caf- tis. In 1435, the Enylifli took it by Itratagem ; and Charles vit retook it by ftorm in i4+a. The parliament of Paris was transferred to this place in 1652, 1720, and 1753. It is feated on an eminence, near the Oifc, 27 m nw Paris. Lon. a 6 f, lat. 49 3 n. Penior/on, a town of France, in the department of Manche. on the river Cocfnon, with a tide harbour, 10 m ss w Avranches. PontretnoJi, a town of Tufcany, with a ftrong caftie ; feated at the foot of the Apennines, on the river Magra, 55 m MNw Pifa- l.on. 9 40 E, lat- 44 25 n- Pontrifu, a town of France, in the department of Cotes du Nord, on the river Trii'u, 20 m nw St. Brieuc. Pow/y^oo/, atown in Monmouthfhire, with a market on Saturday, and a ma- nufacture of japanned ware; feated bt- tween two hills, on the river Avon, 15 m sw Monmouth, and 149 w by n London. Ponza, a fmall ifland in the Mediter- The harbour a Imits veflTeU of moderate fi/.eonly j hut tor ihrm it it very fecurc. Poole roff into coiifequence, when the ancient town «)f Wan ham tell into dc- ciy. The numlii'i- of inhabitants was 4761 in 1801, and 48t<> in iRit The principal bnnch of trade is the New- foundland Hlhery ; hut it han itifoa large importation of deals from Norway, a general commerce with Am rica and various parts of iMirope. and a fine coafting trade, particularly in corn and coal. Near the m(»uth of the harbour is an oyftcr bank, from which vail ouan- tities are carried to the cneks of l.lh'X and the Thames. Pool-; is 40 m wsw Wmchefter, and 105 w by s London. Lon. I 59 w, lat. 50 4,^ N. Pooloman, or Polt-ro/r, one of the Ban- da idandi. too m sb Amboyna. Lon. 130 o F., lat. 4 10 s. Poolowov, one of the Band.i idands, on which the Dutch have a regular pen- tagon, called Fort Revenge. Lon. 13* 4 R, lat. 4 17 9. Poona, a town of Hindooftan, in Vi- fiapour, and the capital of the Wiltem Mahratta empire. It is not large, and entirely dcfencelefs ; the chief feat of power being at Poorunder. it is 1 00 m SB Bombay. Lon. 7355 E.lat. 1830 n, Poorunder, a fortrefs of Hindooftan, in Vifiapoiir, feated on a mountain. 18 m E8E Poona. It is a place of refuge for that capital in cafe of an invafion ; .and here the archives of government arc kept. Pootet ti town of France, in the de- partment of Mayenne,6 m w swAlengon. Popa Madre, a t«)wn of Terra Firma, with a convent and chapel of the Virgin, to which the Spaniards in thofe part* go in pilgrimage, efpecially thofe who have been at Tea. It is feated on a high mountain, 50 m e Carthagena. Lon. 74 ^2 w, lat. lo 15 N. Popayarty a province of New Grana- da, in the w part of that kingdom. A chain of mountains runs through the ranean, near the co.ift of Naples, at the country from n to s, in which are mines '" ' " - ^-!- of fiiver. The Ibil near the fea is flat, marfhy, and often flooded by the rains ; but the interior is extremely fertile, and abounds in cattle, proviflons of every kind, delicate fru.itS| fugar-canes, tobac- co, and cotton. p9}«^»», tbe capital of « provlace •£ entrance of the gulf of Gaeta ; contain ing a town, harbour, and confiderable falt-works. It was taken by the Britifli} in 1813. Lon. i^ 10 t, lat. 40 53 n. Ponzone, a town of Piedmont, in the duchy of Montterrat, it m 8 Acqui* and iV N Savoni. ^< :l p ; - r m PO II that name iii N. w (ir.uada. ami a bl- Hinpii iev, witK a iiiiivcrlity Thr tradf in loiiriilirabli-, and the inhabitants ar<; fftimatcd at 25,000. It (landi in ;• largr plain, U" arly lurrnunded hy tlic Mt the Nether* laiidH, in Flanders, on a riviT of the lame nam*.-, ft in w YprcH. Pofo, a kiM^dt>m ot Oiiiiiea, on the Slave coaft The inhahitiiits have fcartely any hoiifcn lu dwell in, b«'fide the king'!) village, which id on an idand in the midft of u river. Thi- chief trade is in flavni. I, on. a .i3 R, lat. ft 18 n. Pcpocatffietl, the moll clevatcil inoiin- tain of New Spain, in TIafcala. It is n volcano, and continually borning ; but for thtfe (iveral ctntiiricB nothing h;» in'iicd from its crater but fmoke and iilht'S. This mountain i'^ 1968 feet higher than the moll olcvitod liimmit of the old continent. It is fnqntntly calh'd thf Volcano of Piicbia, and is 30 m w of Puibl.1. Pora, an iflatid in the Indian ocean, on the vv coalt of Sumatra, 54 m long and from 9 to 11 broad. Lon. 98 30 k, hit. I 10 a. Porcali, a town of Hindcioftan, in the country of Travancorc, taken from the Dutch by the l-'ngliih in 1795. It is H5 m Nw Truvancori'. Lon. 76 ao e, lat. 9 15 K. Porchffter^ a villa};e in Ilampfliire, 4 m N Portfmoiilh, at the upper end of the harbour, between Farcham and Portfea ifland. It has an ancient caftle, which has ferved, of late years, for the reception of priliuiers of war, and ord- nance Uores. Porco, a town of Peru, canita! of a jurifditilion in the dioci'fe of rlata. It has its name from a mountain, rich in lilvcr, and its mine was the firft worked by the Spaniards after the conquclt. It is ij m wsw Potofi. Lon. 67 a;j w, lat- 19 40 &. Porcuna, a to\tm of Spain, in Anda- lufia, 2a m NW Jaen. Porentru, a town of France, in the dcpa iment of Upper Rhine. It lately belong! d to Swill'erland, and was the capital of the bilhopric of Baftl It is feated on tiie Hallan, near Mount Jura, a6 m wsw Bakl, ai^d 48 ssw Colmar. Lon 7 JO t, lat. 47 17 N. Parlock, a town in Somtrfetlhire, with a maiket on Thuriday, and a trade in coal and lime ; feated on a bay of the Brifto] channel, furounded by hr.is, 14 m N by wDulverton, and 170 w London. POR PorrntciHff \ fe* PiirO' Pvrjt/tu, a rich and commercial (ouii of the kini(do- I of Siam. It i> fur rounded by foui tren badions, .'< tid litiiat* on a large river, too m N of iti mouth in the gulf ot Siam. Lon. lo) a K) lat. 17 4H N. Ft)' t Bait i ^ct lUgtrnvick Port liauf .. the chief fettlement on the SK coad o. Madiigalcar, with a lui. buur defcndid by a fort. Lou. 47 »., lat. i^ o s. Port Df/lrr^ a harbour on the i coaOl »)f Patagonia, where (hips I'ometimcH toucli in their paflage lo the Pacific ocean. Lon. 67 56 w, lat. 47 46 s. Port I'.ffmont, one of the finell li.ir. hours in ilie world, en the nw coaft oi Falkland illands, dilciovead by commi). tlore IJyron in 176?. The whole navy of En^'land mylt ride here in pcrfi\"t fecurity fiom all winds; and every thiiij; for the refreOiment of (hips is to be ob- tained in abundance. Lon. 55 o w, ht. 51 17 f*. _ Port I'rangaij, a harbour on the w coa(t of America, difcovered by Pirouli: in i7tl'>- It is of a circular form, not to be fathomed in the middle, and bor- dered by peaked mountains, of an ex- ceflive height, covered with (now The natives on this coad are defcribed as the moll complete thieves, poflclTed of an adlivity and obllinacy capable of exe- cuting the mod difficult proje/'As. Skins were found here in great abundance, particularly thofe of the tea otter. In this harbour is a fmall ifland. Lon. 137 30 w, lat. 58 37 N. Port Gluj](o U in th** «?rplrtnif rit of Morhilian, wiJli 1 citadel .ind .1 kixxI harhuiir. It ii a fic- tion for part of tin- French navy, aiul till- 1'. \ni\\:i Cornp iny'i ihipi { .inj Dimtii on the extremity ot .1 prninluli, .it the nviiiih of ihc lilivei, ij in w V.innrH. Loll < iM w, ht 47 40 N. I'ort Miifioi ; fee MahoH. Port Mii'j(rtin<<; .1 harbour on thr w cult ot N Aini-rifji, fortnotl hy fm.ill illind* on the v. lidc of lircring biy, ii'Av the fntranoe. It w.h (ii named hy ( iptain Dixoti, who (aw ft)me uf the iiifivtM. und thiir hdiit.itiofis ; the l.ntir wvre wretched lioveN, with their icilide* conrtyin^r a compUtt? pi^Jlnre of dirt, tilth, and idlencfu. Lun. 139 15 w, lat. jgiHN. fort Pitix, a fi'.iport on the N co.ift of St- Doiniiikfi), with .1 jjodd hirbour, op- poiitir tile ifland of Toituc. Lun. jx 3: w, lat. 19 f,n N. Port P/ifriii, a iV.ipnrt of Scotland, in Wi>{ti>n(iiirc, confined by the fea on one fide, and on the odier by o\erh.ing- ing rocks ,)nd hilli. It i« nc.irly oppo* fite Dooagh.idee, ill Irehnil. from which it in only 21 m dill.int ; and a packet boat f;iil9 hence for that plaec ev«ry day. The h irhonr ]■< good, and has a noble qiiiy, with n refledinj? lij;hthoufc The thirt' tr.ide confiltH in the importation of beeves and horfi-s from Ireland ; and t i •• a place of rcfort for fea-bathine. It is ;8 m w Wigton, and 115 sw tdin- biiip. Lon. 5 3 w, lat. 54 5H n. Pert Penn, a town of Dclawarr, In Nowcaftle county, with a fecurtf har- bour, oppofitc Reedy ifland, in the river Dcl.iwaro. It i,nto the fw, and bai a ftrong fort. Th« I'O R fwirhrttir N deep, 'oul mo* fhipt mar ri«le therein, leeure from every wiii|(. It i< 6 m, .'u-ro4ii thi b^y, 5i«v Kingttun. I. on. 76 i\ w, lit iM o •'. l*'tri ntfttl, a town of Virginia, In Ctroline countv, with three chureheii liluate on thr Kippahannoc, 11 m n| Fredericlbuffr, and fV above Urbanii.i. f*ori Hoyal, an ifl.ind on the coaft of S Carulini, feparated fiom the nei/li- boiirinjr continent by an arm ot the l'c;i, callfd Hro.ul River, which formn the molt coinrnuf a riJ^te ol iKhltlr*, mllrd thr ChcUl Hank, tf UndiiiK -tliuvr ; ni iipilii* «w coall. Be- twcri) llil* bulk «nd the iniilnl^iul I* A liArrDW «rm ul thr fi'^t callrtt the Fk«'t. I'ortUnd illr ii 4 m lone and i huMtl, furrotimlrd hy iiucci'llihlr rnclit, except at the UiuiiriK-pljcr, it ihc MW rm\, where it & ftroiiK c.i(\lr, called Purt- bnd C4lilr, built by iknry vii<. Tlii* prninfula ii noted for frceiton*-. viluch li iilfd forhuildiiiK the Hiielt ltru^turi», and ;itiout ')oc)o ttuiM uf it tire annually ciDorted. It lit** on the kw lidc ul' Weymouth bay \ und at the « «*xtremlty, CJlIrd Portland Point, ii a lighthuiilf. Lon. 11 f w, Ut. ju .)! N. Porl/andt the capital of th«> di(\ri*f) of Maine, in Cumherlind county, with acapacinui harbour, defended by a fort, a citadel, and a battery. It w^Nalmoll laid in aihci by a Uritilh Meet in 177J1 but liai been rdttiilt, ;ind h.i« thiie churchra. Shipitare built li«ve. aid the foreign trade U coiin(ler;iblc. It u litu- ate on a promonUity in C.ilcu bay, with a lighthoufe at the entrance wt the har- bour, i»3 m NNB Boiioii. Lun. 70 10 W,lat. 44 47 ". Pertlnnil IjlanJs^ a clufter of fm.ill iHandi in the Picific ocean. They are low, and coveted with wood ( and the centre one it in lon. 149 R k, lat. 1 3k ». Portland l*$int, the moll I'luthcni part uf the illmd of Jamaica. Lon. y; j w, lat. 17 ^4 N. Portlock IfiirS'ur, a h.irbour on the vwcuaftof America, of . I. citcular form, with a narrow entrance. Lon. 136 41 w, lat. 57 4,^ N. Porto, a fortitied town of Italy, In Vfronefe, on the b fide of the Adigei oppoilte Legnago, 10 m bse Verona. Porto, a town of Italy, in the patri- mony of St. IVtci', an(l.the i'ee of a bi- fiiop, who is gener.nlly ii cardinal, and dependent only on the pope. It (lands on the w fide of the Tiber, 10 m tw Rome. Porto } fee Opsrto. Porto Bella, a feaport of Terra Firma, •n the N cuafl of the ifthmun of Daricn, nearly oppofite Panama on the s coad. It ii a very unhealthy place ; and the country around fwarmi with toads and •ther reptile* in the rainy leafon. Be- fore the abolition of the trade by the galleon*, in 1748, and the intrudui>i, which it Ufe and commuktiou* li WAS taken in 1741 hy admiral \\\ nun, wliudemolillitd the fuft)llc«tloi>«) but it ha* iiiicr breit (Irongly loitltirU It II 50 in N by ft Panama, and jcu w by t Caithagcna. L^n. 7f )• w, U( Hnrtt CahflU, a Uron^ feapoit ul IVrra Firma, m the province ul Cara* cas. It hat a gcHkl harbour, with 411 excellent «|(tay, to which laigc vrlfdi are eaiily and Iccurely lalUnrd s aiul u khr place of iin^Kjrt and export for 4 conifderabic extent of inland coniitry Three in to the w it the villjK^' ••sd bay ol .'Utrbiirato, formerly ttie pinici' pal pori on the c>\\i\, and i« Hill lo for exporting the cattU' of Venezuela to the Wtit liulia idandt. PortoCibelto Ain6 on a f>nall iiick of land, which ha» Ixcu cut thri.Mi) Lugo, and 48 a. Compoltullo. Porto Novo, a town of Portugal, ii £(lremadura,on the cuad of the AtLin- tic, 19 m NNW Lifbon. Porto dt Plata, a feaport, and th« principal fliorcfettlement on the N fide •f St. Domingo, 'i L« vicinity sboundi von mlnet of fttU\, lllvrr. siwl copper. hi- K.irb<)iir i« lnil iiKli(t«rciit Loii. ^,; W, ht. 1945 " /'«/-^o Vrmiftt, •> tuwii Atxi bty nf St. L,>, iiiK lit Ihv Cape Vi'id iniriilt. Ihclowti iUmU oil .III rlrv.iti'd pUiii. L i« the rvlidriicr of Ihi- I'lirtUKUi'tc litrriior (if Ihi- ilKiiuli. Imiii. aj a^ w, l( U M "' iV/« d.l I'riHfl^f, « fi'^port on I he N ill III Ciib;<, with n )(iiSp.uii.ird*. It M I iQ m luii^ ,iiid 41 iiidi (livfrlitird with Woods, v;illcyi«i il pLiiiM, and w.'iii-iid liy rpriii^i iiiid nriibutunhrulthyiniherMiny fraioim. Ipruduccii rii^.tr, rum, x:s, II a vill number of rabbits The IftT.ilualile produiJUons arc «Ir.igon»- iod, honty.and wux. It has no har- jir, but j;(iod aiiehonge in the road- Ii' 16 25 w. lat. 32 J 8 N. Wrto Scj^uro, a province of Bralil, .s fiat ot Ilheos, and n otSpiiitu Sin- It is very fertile The capital is of jfjtiicname, Icated on an etniiieiice, Jr the mouth of a river that H.iws I the Atlantic. Lon. 40 ao w, lat- hrto yecc/iio, .1 feapott of C'oiftca, M on a bay on the t coaft of the |nd, 40 in SE Aj.iccio. I. on. 9 10 K, Y^rto Vtnero^ a feaport on the co.ill Ptno.1, at the entrance of ihc gulf of nm. It h,i8 a goo«l harlKmj, and is Non the fide of a bill, at the top of VOW which ll I fort, 4) m •■ 0«noci. Lou. 9 »■< '.Ml 44 5 •* l''>'(rf',.t town of Sro't.i nd, on iS*- » ndv' of Mkyc, one of the li.hridn Tli« lidi.l>»M 111U ir Mir chl. rt y ill hrevr«, tb'"ep, and li> l|) It b I* an excellent harbour. Ihclieieil at iin mouth by the *lle uf K 1 1/ 1. Ljii ft (6 w, l4t S7 J.) "■ l*crt/'ra. An dl ind between Chichf Arr lny and the h iiboiir of H.'rtfmoiiih, in liiiiipfbire. It 14 .1 |,iw \T»il .ibuiK r4 m in cMciiit, fep.ir ncil from the m.dn« land on the n by .1 crc'k.ovrr which ari" two bridal"., onv lor th* rntr.tnct ■ .Ilk) ilie either lor the dtparturc o( pal* Cenktrr*. At the iiw cxtiemity U the town of H.iriimoulh I'tiffhioat/i. i\ lioroiiub and fe.iport In H in pil.iie, with a n arket on Thiirl. day and .S roti> liderabli hiviii for in< n of war, and the ftroii(rc(l loi titled place in l'ii){tand It* c.ipaeioiii h.irhoiir ii made by a b.if running up bitween the idand of Port- lea, on Miiich the town i!« lituate, anri the oppuHtn prtdnfula. having a narrow entraiue eomm.in ttd by the town and lortd. Miiy of the l.irgi It Ibipi are alwiyH laid up heie ; and, in time of war, it is the principal rendtzvous of the grand ch.innel deet. The dock*, arlrnaU, (lorihoiiIeK, b;irr.icki, N'c arc all ot capital m.ignitude. and kept in the tnolt perfr(*l order. The »own it governed by a mayor, and entirely fup- ported by there (itrt of the army ;ind navy. To the h of it Ih the noted road of Spithead, where the men of war an- clioi whi-n pnp.ircd for actual frrvir*. FiMtlitiutith b.H one I'p'ciius churehi aiul two neat cli .pels ; the latter are in a part of the town called Pnrtlea, built on what wasformcily calleil I'onlmouth Common, aiul is now above ttnir limei larger than the pirent town The mim. brr of iiihaliitants was 3^1226 in iHoi. and 40i.s67 in iHit, cxi lulive of the miles belonging to the army and navy. Portfmouth is the birthplace of itic re- Ichntcd pliil.'intliiop'lt Jonas Il.inway. It is ao m sse VVinct.elter, ami ;» sw London. Lon 1 6 w , lat. 50 47 n. /'o?7/>w(9wM,thccapial')t New llamp« rtiire, in Rockingham cmiiity, with three churches. It is the l.irgeit town and the only feaport in th- (late, le.it ed on the Pifcatriqu.T, a m from the oct-an. The harbour is one of the fintll on the continent, well delejidc;! by nature, both againll (lorms .iiul an enemy, li is 50 m N by ic Uofton Lon- 70 4a w, lat. 43 .?N. Portfmouth, a town of Virginia, in Norfolk county, on the w fide of Elifa- aPa H^ POR tif'.h river, oppofitr Noi-folk ; both which towns conflitutc but one port of entry, ^rt Norfolk. Portfmouth, n town of the ftate of Ohio, on the t fide of the Sciota, at its conflux with the Ohio. It is the depot for the merchandife of the fcttlcmcnts on the upper part of the Sciota, and 60 msChillicothe. Lon.83 Bw.lat.^H asN. Portjl y, a town of Scotland, in BunfF- fl;ire, with manuf.iflures of fine linen and fcwing thread. Ne.ir it arf found a Tcin of ferpentine, ealltd Porlfoy mar- ble ; a fpecics of afbeftos, of a preenith colour, which has been wroupht into inrnmbuftible cloth ; and a brilliant kind of granite of a flcfh colour. Port- foy (lands on a point of land, projcfling into Moray frith, 9 m w Banf!". Porttigalt the nioft woftern country of Europe, .^150 m long and 1 :o broad ; bounded on the vv and s by the Atlantic, and on the b and v by Spain. It is di- vided into fix provinces, Eftrcmadura, Keira, Kntre Douro <' Minho, Tra los Monies, Alentejo, and Algarva. Though Spain and Por^.ugal are in the fame cli- mate, the air of the latter is more tem- perate than that of the former, on ac- count of the neighbourhood of the ocean. Corn is not plentiful, for little attention is paid to hufbandry ; and maize, imported from Africa, it ufed by the peafants inftead of wheat. There is a great number of barren mountains, and many fine vales remain in a (late of nature ; yet there is plenty of olives, vines, oranges, lemons, nuts, almonds, figs, and raifins ; and it is famous for excellent wines. Much fait is made alfo from the fea-water, especially in the biy of St. Ubes, whence a great deal is exported. The manufaiJlnrcs are few and unimportant, but the chief are thofe of woollen cloth. The foreign trade confifls in the rxportalion of the pro- duce of the country, and in the mer- chandife received from /s foreign fettle- menis ; fuch as fugsr, tobacco, rum, cotton, indigo, hides, brafii and other -Troops for dying, and many excellent drugs. Befide thefe, it has gold, lilver, diamonds, and other precifjus Hones from America. The horfes of Portu- gal were formerly in great efteem, but now mules nre preferred ; the horn- ed cattle are fmall and lean ; flieep are alfo regleded, and not numer- ous; lut fwine abound, and are fed with excellent acorns. Toward the fVontiers of Spain there are moun- tains in which was formerly got gold and filver ; and the river Tajo, the Tagus of the ancients, was celebrated by thdr poeti for its goldea fauds. PO s There are mines of iron, copper, fiiJ and lead, quarries of marble, and (bnijj precious (lones. The principal rivprjl are the Tajo, Douro, fJuadiann, MinhoJ and Mondcgo. The Portuguefe are inJ dolent, and fpcnd all their wealth in ih|| purchafe of foreign luxuries. The wnj men arc addiflcd to gallantry, that mnl are jealous of their wives, and allowl them but little liberty. The gnvern.f ment is monarchical, but the royal ,ii|.j thi^rity is limited ; for the (ovurei'iil cannot rai(e any more ♦axes thaul were fettlod in 1674. The eftabliftifdl religion is the Roman Catholic, audi there are a patriarch, two nrchbifhopJ and 10 bifliops. The authority of ih^ pope is fi) great, that the king cannoi confer any b a convcniio,! and all thft French forces were fentt fea to their own country. Lifbonisicj capital. Portiimna, a town of Irelaiul, iiit!;j county of Galway, with a noble ( and the remains of a m<)n;;tU'iy, thtail cieiit choir now rcrvin^r for the p;r;!| church. It ftaiida on the B,iiio»,i the head of Lough Deirg, i: m '.ri Clonfert. Pofados, a town of Spain, in Arj liifia, on the Guadalquiver, 19™!^ Cordova. Pojata, a town of Sardinia, on t!:(| coaft, 45 m ese Caftel Atrfgond'c. 9 c^o E, lat. 40 36 N. Pofega, a town of Sclavonia, cjpjj of a county of the fame name. Itr taken from the Turks by the Aiiftriai in 1687 ; and is ieated near theOrlJij 18 m NNwBrod. Pofen, or Poftitt, a fortified city I Great Poland, capital of a paiatinatej the fame name, and a biftiop's fee,(| a univerlity, and a caltle on an 1 POT In the river Warta. The cathedral is nrngnifici-nt- The fuburbi arc t-xten- (ive, and contain many fine builaingii. Therivcfrequcntlyiniiiidatefl the town, but it is very beneficial to its trade with Germany. In 1716, 1 ofcn wan garti- foiied by Saxons ; but takon by Itorin and plundered by the Poles. J, ■ the partition of Poland, in 177,4, it became {nhy:& ti the king ofPruffia, and the feat of government of South Pi uifia. Fn i8o6, this city was entered by a corps oi" ihe French army. It is featcd in a pleafant plain, 27 m w by s Gnelha. Lon. I J o L, lat. 5z 24 N. Pojha/t, a town of Upper Saxony, in the principality of AlteiiburR, with manufadures of cloth and leather ; (eat- edon the Gams, near its conflux with the Or I ;i, 8 m nk Sa^lfold. Pojiii/'io, a town v.f Portugal, in Eftre- madura, 10 m ne Santarem. Potfftza, a town of Naples, in Bafili- CAia, near the lource of il-e Baficnto, 1 1 ni s by w Acerenza. Foti.n town of MingreIia,thongh on the left bank of the Ilioni, which If-pa- ratesthat country from Guricl. It Hands en the Black i'ca, at the mouth of the Rioni, 50 m N Gonieh, and 80 8 by w kuki. Potomac, a river of the United States, which riffs in the nw part of Virginia, and ieparates that ftate from Maryland, aimoft its whole courle, till it enters the w fide of Chefapeak bay. It is naviga- ble near 30* m- Potoji, a town of Peru, capital of a iurifdidtion, in the audience oH Charcas. iereare the beft filver mines in all Ame- iica, in a conical mountain of the fame name Silver was a^, common in this place as iron is in Europe ; but the mines are now much exhaufted, or at )ealt little K got in compa^ifon of what was formerly. The country around is fo naked and barren, that the inhabit- ants get their prosifions from the neigh- bou'.ing provinces. The tov/n Is feated at the Ikirt of tl.s mountain, 260 m WNW Arica. Lon. 67 ti w, lat. 19 47 s. Potfda)7}% a city of Brandenburg, in •the Middle mark, feated on an iftand 10 mincitcuit, formed by the river Havel. It is the moll elegant and iV^'iuiar city is Europe. Many new houles were raiffd by Frederic i}, and the various public buildings difplay great magnifi- cence and tafte. The royal palace is an admirable ftrudur*, and the houfes near it are aimoft ail built in the Italian ftyle. The great parade, with Roman colonnades before the town, is the place of exercife for the king's guards and the carrifon. In the mrrket-pUce is a mas- PR A ble obelift, 75 feet in height, and mar- ble llatues of the lirit four kin^s of Pruf- fia. The garrilon church is large, and has .a marble pulpit, under which is the tomb of Frederic-William M. In 1795, the beautifu! church of St. Nicholas, in the Palace-fc|uare, was dellroycd by lire. Here arc two large orphan-houfcs for the childrrn of the Ibldiers, an ex- tenfive poor-hoiifc and holpita', and a capital foundery for fire-arms. On a hill near the city is the royal palace of Sans Souci, whieii ia but Imall, and only one ftory high, yet its lingularity and grandeur areadonilhing. I'otldam has numerous manutadures of filk, vel- vet, cotton, linen, &o. It is 17 m flw Bfrlin, Lon. 13 7 t, lat 5a 25 N. Puthn, a town in Bedfordiliire, with a market on Saturday, 12 m e Bedford, and 48 N by w London. Pottjgro've, a town of Pcnnfylvania. feated on the Schuylkill, 17 m st Head , ing, and 35 s'w Pliiladolphia. Pou^hkeepfie^ a town of New York, capital of Duchefs county. It has two churciits, and ftands on the e fiJc of the lludfon, 74 m N New York. Puuj^ues, a villa^;e of France, in the department of Nievre, n< ted for its fiT- rugincus mineral fpring, 5 m n w Nevtrs. Poultori, a town in Laiicaihire, with a mark^!t on Monday, *eati'd near the mouth of the VVyre, 18 m sw Lancaf- tev, and 233 nnw London. Pownalborought a town of tiie diftriiil of Maine, capital of Lincoln county ; but ihcjudicial courts are held here and at Harrington alternately. It is fituaie on the E fide of the Kennebec, 60 m ENK Portland. Lon. 66 10 w, lat. 43 56 N. Pourgaytiy St- a town of France, in the department of Allier, lijattd 0.1 the Sioule. 16 in s by w .\loulins. Poyang-liou, a lake ol China, in the N part ot the piovince of Ktang fi. formed by the coniluencf ot leveral .ivcis, from every point of f'e compafi. It is 250 in in circuit, and I'urroundedby amolt dc- folate region. Pozzuo/o ; fee Puzzo/i. Probat, a town of the kingdom of Siam, 100 m n Siain. Lon. 10 1 10 E, lat. 15 40 N. Pracels \ (t^e Parnccls- PnichatitX' a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Prachin, 23 m s by w Pilek. Pracinn, a niuuijtain of li;8 of Arngon wen- interred It is 39 m nw Mtrrrlon.i Pra.;a, or Pra,!;nf. a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Mafovia, A'atfii on the ViOnIa, opp fif. W.-Tfiw, and con- fic!i're«i :is afiihiirh to that city. Pra^ilasy a towa of Piedmont, 7 m w Turin. Prague, a fortifit'd city, capital 'f Bohemia, and lately an archiepilcop il few»r Cinada, on the right bank of the St Liwrencf. It is the medium of coinmnnicaiion be- tween Montreal and St. John, 9 ; s of the tormer, and 16 w by N of th- latter. Pratot a town of Tufcany, m Floren- tine), with ft-veral nlanufi!<^tureB ; featfd near the Bifeniino, lo m wnw Florence, I Prats de Molo, a fortifieil town of | r.."iiice, in the departnient of Eaftem Pyrenees, near which are mines of cop- pi r inixtd with filver. It ftands on the Tct, 19 m sw Perpi'f^nan. Pranjtiiizt a town and caftle of Si- lefia, in the lordlhip of Trachenh.rg, It has a fine church, containing the tombs of the counts of Hntzfeld, andij 7ms Trachenberg. Praija ; (t^e I'orto Praya, Pricop, or Perekop, a town and for- trels of Iluflia, in the government of Catharinenflaf, and province of Tau- rida, fcated on the ifthmus that joint Crimea to the contitictit. A deep trtnd), 5 ;m long, is cut acrofs the ifthmi:f, over wiiicli is a bridge, and upon that a vaulted gate, called the Golden Gate of the Tartars. The town is now reduced to a few wooden liouffs ; and its only riches confift of the falt-works in the v'citiity. It is 65 m se Chcrfon- Lon, iS ? the arclcs. They are compofed of the Icins of various animals, and are eommi;nly worn with the hairy fide outward. The men often paint their faces of ii black colour, and of a bright red, and fomttimesof a bluifli or leaden hue ; but not in any regular figure. The women punfture or ftain the chin with black, and bring it to a poi^it on each of their cheeks. Their canoes are of two forts; the one large and open, the other fmall and covered : the fram- ing coiififts of flerfder pieces of wood, and the out fide is compofed of the (kins of feals, or other fea animals, ftrctched over the wood. Their weapons, and implements for hunting and fifhing, are the fame as thofe ufed by the Eiqui- naMX. Our knowkdce of the aninauls PRT of thii part of the continent is entirely derived from the flcins brought by the natives forfale; thcle were principally of bears, common and pine mariens, fci. otitrs, (eals, racoons, (mill ermincj, foxes, and the whililh cat or lynx. The birdt found here were the halcyon, the great kingfiflier, the white-headed cajle, and the humming bird. Few vtgetu. bles of any kind were obferved ; and the trees that chiefly grew about the found were the Canadian fpruce pine. Lon. 147 21 w,lat. 59 33 N. Princej Ijland, an ifiand near the w coaft of Guinea, 90 m in circuit, difto- vcred by the Portuguefe in 147 1. It ij elevated :ind fertile, and has a town on the north part, with a good harbour. Lon. 7 40 E, lat. I 40 N. Princes Ifland, a fmall idand in the Indian ocean, near the w entrance of the ftrait of Sunda. It is fubje(5t to the kiiijf of Hanlam, and vifittd by Europein fhips for wood and water. Lon. 104 30 K, lat. 6 15 3. Princes Iflands, four fmall ifiands in the fea of Marmora, near the ftrait of Conllantinople, called Prinkipo, Prote, Kalke, and Antigone. The fiift is the largcft, and has a town containing above ao90 inhabitants. Lon. 28 56 e, lat. 40 51 N. Princefs Ann^ a town of Maryland, in Somerfet county, fituate on Chefapeak bay, on the e fide of Monokin river, a/; m wsw Salifbury. Princeton, a towi of New Jerfey, in Middleft'x county. Here was a colkje called NafTau Hall, which was burnt down in 180 a. Itis 13 m ne Trenton, and 18 sw Brunfwlck. Princeton, a town of N Carolina, in Gales county, fituate on the Meherrin, 3 m above Murfrecfborough, and %i ENK Halifax. Principato, a province of Naples, di- vided into Prlncipato Ultra and Citra, or Further and Hither Principato. Principato Citra is bounded on the n by Principato Ultra, e bv Bafiiicatu, and s and w by the Meditciranean. It is 60 m long and 30 broad ; the foil fer- tile in wine, corn, oil, and falfron; and it has a great deal of filk, and ftveral mineral fprings. Salerno is the capital. Principato Ultra is bounded on the n by the county of Molife and Terra dl La- voro, E by Bafilicata and Capitanata, s by Principato Citra, and w by the Me- diterranean. It is 37 m long and 30 brt)ad ; the foil not fertile in corn or v/ine, but it produccK clu ftnuts asiii ex- cellent pafture. Iknevento » the ca' pital. PRO PrI/re/iM, a town of European Tur- key* in Albatii.i, aiul a l)i(hop'a fee; featcd on a branch of the Dtiii, 4U m KNE Scutari. Lon. 20 jj b> lat. 4) 51V. Piijliim, a town of European Turkey, 4nS(-rvi;i, iVatod on the Uulcu, 150 ni u by u. Bc:lgrade. Lua. ai 36 le., lat 4a Paitzivalkf a town of Br.ituieiiburfif, ill tht* mark of I'rrgnit/,, fcuted on the Domnit/., 1,3 m tNi. I^erk-berg. I'rivaj, a town of France, capital of the depuriment of Atdichc- It is Icatcd on a hill, near the conlluciicu of three fmall rivers, 6ii m s Lyon. Lon. 436 E, lat. 44 4? N- ProiiJa, an ifland in the j:ulf of Na- ples, iic.ir that of llchia, % in in circuit, and VLiy fertile and populous. The capital, of the Inmc name, iu fortified, and llanda on a high craggy rock by the ftalidi?. Lon. 14 S k, lat. 40 aj n. Prodano, an ifland in the Mediterra- nean, formerly called Sphadteiia. It lies near the \v coait of \Jorea, 36 m to the ssfc of Zante. Lon. %i i\ i, lat. 37 15 N. Prome, a city of l\'gii| capital of a province of the lame name. It was for- merly the metropolis of the kingdom^ but has been greatly reduced by fre- quent wars. Much teak timber is lent hence to Rangoon. It is frated on the Irrawady, i^o m nw Pegu. Lon. 95 o w, lat. 18 50 N. ProfpeBy a town of the diftrivft of Maine, in Hancock county, on the w Side of Penobfcot river, la m nne Bel- faft. Profperous, a village of Ireland, in the county of Kildare, 16 m sw Dublin. It has a confiderable manufadlure of cotton. Projinitz, a town of Moravia, in the circle of Olmutz, 8 m ssw Oimutz. Provenct, a late province of France, 13!$ m long and 100 broad ; bounded on the N by Dauphiny, e by the Alps and the river Var, s by the Mediterra- nean, and w by Languedoc. In that which was called Upper Provence, the foil IS fet tile in corn and pafture ; but in Lower Provence, dry and fandy. It produces, however, wine, oil, figs, al- monds, prunes,and pomegranates, along the feacoaft ftom Toulon to Nivc. There are orange and litron trees in the open fields; and mai.y niediciiial plants, mineral waters, and mine* of te- veral kinds. Provence now forms the departments of Var, Lower Alps, and Mouths of the Rhone. Providence, one of the Bahama iflp.adtf PllU and the '>)cft of thofe planted by the Knglilh. It was taken by the Spaniard» in 178a, but retaken the next year. The chief town is Nadau, which is the rdi- dence of the governor of the B.ihamaH, and iituate on the n coalt, with a gooil port defended by a caltlc. Lon. 77 z* w, lat. 35 i a, Pro'vuleuiit an ifland in the Atlantic, which the bucaiiiers fortified, but after- ward abandoned- It is 150 m K oi the coalt of Nicaragua. Lon. 80 4.1 w, lit. 13 i5 N. Proindencf, a liver that rifes in the ftate of Mailachufctts, flows .s into that of Rhode Ifland, and waters the town of Providence, whence it is navigable for Ihips to Naiiaganlel bay, which it en- ters on the w fulc of Rhode ifland. Providence, the oldell town of the ftate of Rhode llland, chief of a county of its name, and the li'mi-capital of the ftate. It has leveral mannfadures, and a large foreign a..j inland trade. Heic are lix edifices for public worihip ; a handlbme court-houle, in which is a library for the ufe of the town and county ; and a flourifhing I'eminary, call- ed Rhode Ifland College. Providence is feated on both fides of a river of the fame name, 30 m nw Newport. Lon. 71 a6 w, lat. 41 51 N. Provincetoiun, a town of Maflachu- -tts, in Barnftable county, fituate on the hook of Cape Cod. Its harbour is one of the belt in the ftate. and was the firft: port entered by the Englilh, in 1630, when they came to fettle in New Eng- land. The houies are only one Itory high, and (et upon piles, that the driving lands may pafs under them. The inha- bitants are wholly dependent on Bofton, and the towns in the vicinity, for every vegetable production. It is 50 m tsE Bofton. Provins, a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine and Marne, celebrat- ed for its mineral waters and confervei of roles. It lb feated on the Vouzie, 3* m SE Meaux, and 47 se Paris. Pruck ; fee Brack. Pruja, or Prujiu ; fee Bur/a. Pruj)ia, a country of Europt , bound- ed on the N by tht Baltic, k by Samo- gitia and Lithuania, b by Poland, and w by Gt.inian). It produces a gieai deal ol timber, flax, h^mp, tobaceo, and coin ; and mueti aunc ib ioaiid on the leicoaft. itic (.ioiiKltic anuiials are nu- iiArotiii, ai.d, l>enUv tlu coiumon game, there are eiko, wiul ,illJ>, a i«1 l;i(on8, la tlie tori Its; Uie I Hit are of a n>ui!lt!..u3 fize, and tneir hidcb are fold to U i^n.- ers at a great price. The principal r;\ m % a T * 1 J ^'i pnu rivets nrf t^f Vifttil.i ,inH Prrprl ; and fherc nrc minicnus l.ikrs, tfpcriii'ly in K PriifTii. The itihahiian'i' n»'e iriflijl- trious, n buft, nn.i good IblHipr"!; tliTe are a pr»".i: niirrhrr of in«'chntiic!ii, but thfir j/riiii-ipal biifiiitfs i? hiifb.itulry, ani» the fenJiti^ of c.ittle. They arc r» mixturf of difRicnt iiatinrn, comprf- bcnHfd rndiT th(» dt'nc>inin;itions of I'mfnaup, Pole*, and Lithunnians. Mofl of th«> I'mfiiniis and the nobility coii- fiirrn to the Oernian bngiinjro and man- ners. The Lutheran religion i« thf moft prev;»!ent, but all reli^'iodfi fi"d:i fnjoy liberty of confcience. Thr priti- eipal manuf.iAures arp glaft, iron, cop- per, brafH, {iunpowdrr, paper, clotlii linen, aii'l Itockinga. In the r.^th cen- tury Pruflla belonged to the l:ni)?hts of the Temoiiic Ord«T. In 1454, that part, fince denominated Polifh, or Weft Pruf- fia, revolted to Cifimir iv, king uf Po- land, and was incorporated into the do- minions of the republic. A^ the fan^e tinn.e, the knights were conftrained to hold the remaining part, called Ducal rr Eaft Pruflla, as a fi^t of the crown of Poland. In i.ss.';. Albert, the grand n)afttr, betrayed the intererts of hi? fra- ternity, and concluded a treaty with Sigifmund, king of Poland, by which E Pruflla was ereiited into an hereditary fluchy, and given to him as a Polifh fief. Having adopted the tenets of Luther, he married a princtfs of Denmark, and tranfmitted this rich inheritance to his defcendants; one of whom, Frederic- William, was the firft duke that threw off his dependence on Poland, in 1657. It is divided into the Ofiman depart- ment, or that of Kopijjfbcrf;; and Ihr Lithuanian, of which Gumhinncn is the feat of regency. The foundation of the Piufllan monarchy was eltablifhed by the above Frederic-William, between 1640 and 1688. His fon and fucreflor Frederic, in 1701, afllmied the title of King of Pruflla, which was f«i*)n after acknowledged by all the Cliriflimi pow- ers, except Poland, which did n. t ac- knowledge it till 1764. In 1741, Fre- deric 11 acquired the duchy of Silefia from the houfe of Auftria; and in 1772, he compelled the Poles to cede to him H part of Great Poland, and the whole of W Pruflia, except the cities of Dant- r.ic and Thorn. In 1793, Frederic- William T I, by another forced cefllon, obtained the poirefllou of thofe cities; alio the remainder of Great Poland, and the provinces of Mafovia and Pola- chia, which were denominated South Pruflla, and Polen made the feat of go- vernment. From the unAiccel'sful war TlTC with the Fnrnr.h, in 1807, Frederic. Wiili.iin III, bytht'tKaty at Tilfifipavf up nil the new acquilitions from Poland, allii the circle of Cotbiis in Liifiitia, ari,| all his Germ.in territories w of the rivrr Elbe. I'lit from a fortunate change in aft'iirs, and llif luccefsful termination of the Germ m campaign at the olofe of iHtj, all his loft territories are likely d be reftored by a general treaty of pe.ice. Korii) fberg is tne rapit.«l. Pnttk, a river that rife« in Poland, in the mountain of Crapnch, crofll'S p^n of the pabiinate ot Lembnrg, flowi through Moldavia into llefl'arbia, and enters the Danube, ab(»ve Reni. Prut/>n, a town of France, iti the de- partincnt of Sarre, lately of Germany, ill the clf», a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Heraun, with a filver mine ,ind an iron foundery, near the river Muld.iu, a8 m ssB Prague. Pjhra, an ifland of the Archipelr<(ro, lying off the nw point of that of Scio. Though a fmall illand, it is rich in corn and other provifions, and has a good h.ubour on the e coafl:, frequented ly fhips pafllng to and from Conftant'.ri.,. pie. The principal town is about n mile from the port, where the Turldlh governor rdldes. In the centre ot'thi- tile is a lofty peak, and on its fiinimit the Greeks have built a fmall cinpti, which being whitened, i.< fetn at a jaeat difl:ance. Lon. 25 45 E, lat. 38 43 n. Pyhf, or Pl'jkof, a (government of Ruflla, once a republic, fubdued by Ivan VafTilivitch, and formerly "com. priled in the government of Novogo« rod. PJlof, or Pltjkof, a town of Riiftii, capital of a government of the (airK* name, and an apchbilhop's fee, with a f^rong caftle. It is leated on the river Welika, at its entrance into the lake Tchudflcoi, 80 m s Narva, and 150 s by w Pcterlburg. Lon. 27 5 a e, lat. 57 38 V. Puccuhe, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal, 40 m Nw Dacca. Puchacay, the moft: fouthcrn of the Spanifti provinces in Chili. It prodiicej gold duft in abundance, and great quan- tities of large ftrawberries both wild and cultivated. The capital is Gualquii Hindooftan, in P I.T L but the principal pl^cc is thr city of Conception. I'lickhol't, A town nf Hindooftin, in the pioviiue of Lilmie, 86 m sw Ctlh- weut, and 145 nw Lahore. Lon. 75 j »•> I'lt 33 4.S N. Puiidiu a river of Hindooftan , which riles in the sw p^rt of Agimtii', flows between the provinci'O of Ciich ;uid Cin/eiat, and enlerx (he giilt uf Cutch- yWoiffl, a town of Uiillii, in thi- jjo- vermmt «if Olonilx, (ii the h ci.all of the lake of Ontzkor, 108 n\ e Olonetz I. on. ^6 i,o K, I If. 61 36 N. l'u:bl(i,n lowM oi Spain, in Galicia. feitivl mar the Atlmtic, 29 m ^^w Com- pud-. Iki. Puthla, or Pufbla de lot An/^elos, a city i)f New Spain, r.ipital of 'I'laicala, and a bifliop's fee. N' xt to M' xieo and Onan ixnato it is thf mo't confulerahle city of New Spain, imd contain- 67,800 inhabitants The ftrtrts ar^ l>roid and itrai,i;ht, and the biiiloin^'s in jr^n^-ral of (lone, lofty and rlrxan». In the i.entre of the city is a brge fquare, adorned on thiee fides with nmfor'n iioitieos, wh-rc aiv Ihops filled with rich commodities, and on ite oti'tr wit' ih»; cathedral, which hr'iH a beautifu ("'oiit ano u\(> lofty towers. Belide liie rich caihfdral, there are many cliiirchus, conv.-nts, temples, and coIIckcs, well built and finely adorned. A luiall river runs through the town, and the adjacent valley products vines and all forts of European f'-uits. The articles of trdlic die cloths, fruit, foap, cotton manutac- ttire8, fine eat then ware, and ail kinds of iron and ftcel work. It is 80 m esb Mexico. Lon. 98 3 w, lat. iq o n. Puebla d'Alcocer, a town of bpain, in Eftroniadura, 48 m v. Merida. Puebla Nuova, a town of New Spiiin, in \ eragiia, near the P.'.cific ocean, ico in vv St. Jago. Lon. 83 o w, lat. 8 u n- Puebla df Satiabria, a town of Spain, in the province of Leon, 45 m sw Af- tor^ja. Puettte, a town of Spain, in Navartc, en the river Agra, 8 rn .ssw Pamplona. Puerto Hello, Puerto liieo, SiC- For all ntmes, which, in the Spniiini lan- guage, figiiify A port t fee Porto. Puf^lia, the ancient Apulia, contain- ing the thrt'i; provinces of Capitanata, Bati, and Otranto, on the lide of the knindom of Naples. Pulluh/t a town of Wales, in Catnar P II 11 Pulo Condore, fee (.'ondorfi .ind fo with other iflindb tbat have li)metimet Pulo [Ifland] prt'fixfd. Pullicate, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, on the feacoilt, and .it the » end of a large lake to which it gives name, 23 m n M.nlrai. Pultou/i, a town of Poland, In the palatinate of Maliivia. In 1807. a bat> tlf Was foui province of OunnUa, 7'j m k OranaiU. Lon. X jr, w, Ut. j7 19 N. /Vvf"'» a ▼'"•'gL' in I'.Hcx, fitiiaf'-on the Thamrs. 4 in w Gr.iy«-Tliurr»ck. It had cxUiifivc liine-xt'urks, and a large nia(;air.ine of giinpow ler- Purification^ n tov n of New Sp.iin, in Cuailalnxar.it 145 ni sw (juadal.ixara. Lon. 1C4 30 w, lat. iQ 25 N. Purmertnd, a ftrong town of N Hol- land, on a brook of (la- i'.ime name, 10 m N liy E Amftcrii^ni, and la su Alcmarr. Purntfi.'i, a town of nind()oft;rf;nc. It has it! name from a mountain, fituatrtothe w of Clermont, the dpital of the dipartmcnt. Puy P i'.tiejtte, a town of France, in the dVpaitniint of Lot, 16 m w by N Calioiit. Puy Moijon, a town of France, in the department of Lower Alps, 15 m > Ptiy la Ho Ilyrciiiiije ; feated in a niiriow pafs, and on the livcr Kizil Ozan, ^S m s.'5W Refill. Pyrbaum, a town of the palatinate of hav.iria, capital ofalordfhip of t!ie fame name. It {lands on the frontiers of Franqonia, 13 ra se Nuremburg. -^ ^k QUA QUA ?yr^»r^i,mountain»thatdi»Ul«FMnce the w flje of which ii Nootka fjiiml. from Spain, Hnd the moll crlfbrateil in It wai fu n.imrj by captain Vancouver F.uropr, ••xccpt thf Alps. Thc-ycxtrml in complimcni to fenor Qiiaclri, ihe from thr Mediterraiiiiii to the Atlantic, Spanilli comm^n'lant at Nootka. It in about 211 m, and have different nameii, about :)oo m long, and So in itigieateft accordiiiK to their dittVrent fituationi. Thr paHage* o»cr ihcm are not fo dif- ficult as thofi" of thr AIpi. Tliifi' mo intainA yield gre it quantities of tim- ber for (hip-building, and ahund inc<' of pitch and tar. Their medium height in reckoned at 8000 fei-t, but many part« ar« confid'^rably highfr : fi-e Perdu, Mount. At the weuern pals of thcli* mountains, on thi* Sp.iniln frontier, a battle was fought the end of July 18 1^, in which the French army, under mar- flial Souli, was fignally defeated by the ;illics under lord VVelliugton breadth. (huidrelln, a town of Napirs, In Terra di Lavora, i« m titr. Naples. Quani^-plnxt a city of China, of thr firit rank, in fhi* province of Pe tclu- Ii, 211 m »if. Peking. Lou. 114 jo R, lal. j6 47 N- QuaruiJi, a province of China, hound- ed on the n hy Koei-tchrou and IIou- quang. w by Yunnan and the ler, a department of mountains covcr«*d with tr«-c!<, and hai mines of gold, filvei, copper, and tin. It is watered oy fcvcral rivers, and pro- duces fo much rice, as to fupply V ia« habitants ol'^mng-tong f.>r lix m 'th,-. in the year. Here is a nn),'uiar tree, which, inltead of pith, contain. \ toil pulp that yields a kind of Hour; and the bread made of it is faid to be exceedingly good. Befiilc p:iro( .eti, hedge-hogs, and iht rliiiiocer »8, a pro- France, containing thf late province of digious number of '.vild anim.i curioua Rlgorre. Here are excellent horlLs and Kood partridges. The valleys are very iVrtile; furnifhing rye, millet, Sp.iiiilh iorn, and llax. The momitaius have "injnes of h;ad, iron, ati-''"g '« the capital. Qtinu^-lotj^, .1 province of Ciuna, hounded (in the w by Quanjjli and Tonquin, n hy Ho:i.(|uang and Kiang. Ii, Nfc by Folxieii. and .s by the China fea. It ip divcrfified by valleys and /'v/yo, a town of European Turkey, mountains, and yields two crops of 1V4/\i-»o t'^n t ft M r'wMV Alp>ii<-llo -^ a rvt nrWVl in fl vfji'ii* Ff iK/-vi«*^ .l Poitien. ihiibre, a city aiul Hit' capital of Lower Can.id;i, hni.itc on thr lift bink ofth«'St. Lawrence. It it divided into thi' iippn and lower town; the fiirmrr erc»!t».d on the fnmmit of a hl^ck limc- ftonc rncic, and tlio latter unind the hafpof the Pinim-nce, on the bord»'r of the river. The hij^hrft part of this rock 1(1 called Caor Diami nd| tiorn the num- ber of tranfpannt quart/ cryftals fouiul in its (i flu res, and is .^50 feit nbovt- tin. level <(f thr rivi-r, of which ajo rifen pt'rpcndicularly. The commiiiiicatioii between the Iovvit and upper town i« callrd Mnuntain-ftrrct, wmch is in a wiiidinji; form and very ltt.ep. The hoiifua in each arc of ilone, and the (or- lific;iiions (troiig, though not regular. Tht cit;idcl, which flandl on ihf point of Cape Diamond, covers tin- town, and »» both rt'uular and handfumc. Thi- ca- thedral ot the catiiolics ij a plain build- ing, with the fpire on one fide of it« front. The jcfuitg* collr^r, a large edi- fice, is now converted into a ban, ik for the troops. The proteflant metro- politan church, and a hoiife for the courts of law, arc neat edifices built on thv fitc of a monaftery dellroycd by fire in 1796. Thcfeminaryol the cadi' )lic8 and the convent of the Urfulincs arc fpacious buildings, with extenfive gar- dens. On the N fide of the town is an cdificp above 500 feet long, containing the olHcc of ordnance, an armoury, ftorehoules and woiklhops, and a pub- lic paol. The river heif narrows fiid- denly to the breadth of a mile ; but hnice to the lea it is from li to 15 m broad, and navigable for men of war. 'I'hr harbour is fate and commodious, and flanked by two baltions, raifed 25 foet from tlie ground, which is the height fr a battle merflfc table fur the tlt-.ith of general VVoltV, in ihe moment of vi«!toiy. and ciiifirmrd to them by the prakc of 176). In 1775, it waiattacki'd by the Aiiieiicam under general Montgomery, who w n llaiii« and his army irpiiliid. It in yi o in by the river, IrDrn th«- Atlaniic <»ct.»M, and {)o K BoAon. Lull' 71 10 w, lat. 46 .17 N. (iuiu/a, a city and feaport on the w coalt of Mal.iy.i, tlu capital of a kingdom tribnt.iry to Niam. 'I'ht; priiieiual tratic is in pepper. It hat .1 good harbour, and in ,sco m nnw .Malacca. i..un. 99 10 K. Lit. 6 5 N, HucMinghurg, A town of Uppr-r Saxo- ny, in the principality of Anhalt, widi a caltic, and a proteilant abbi.'y, whofc .ibbefs was a princrf* of the empire I'iie liver Hodc divides it into the old au'l new t >wn. It has a tiarle in brandy and linen, and it ^u m s by u Ilalbcr* (ladr. I. on. II 25 t, lat. 5 1 30 s, Quffn Ann, a town of Maryland, in Prince Gtor^e county, filiiaic at the foot of a hill, on the I'atiixeiit, 1 j ni !iw Annapoli", and ai k W Jibington. Quctn Charlotte I/la>itJ, an iDanil in the Pacific ocean, m long and a mile broad, difcovercd by capiain Wallii in 1 767. Lon ij8 4 w, lat. 19 18 s. Quffu C/iarloite yla>:ds, a group of iflands in the Pacific (x:ian, explored by c'.ptain Carteret in 1767 There is only one of anycoiifiderable fize, which he L.'imed Egmont, and is the fame which the Spaniards call St. Cruz, it is 60 m long an 1 from ;o to 30 broad, woody and mountainous, with many vallicH intermixed. 'I'he inhabitants are very nimble, vigorous, and adiive ; and their weapons are bows and arrows pointed with Hint. On the n fide is a harbour namtd Swallow bay. Lon. 164- 26 E, lat. 10 42 s. (itieeti Charlotte Sounds .1 found at tht! N extremity of the s ifiand of New Zealand, near Cook llrait. The coun- try here is not ib ftecp as at Duiky bay, and the hills near the fi-afide arc in gene- ral of an inferior height, but covered uiih forells equally intricate and im- penetrable. Lon. 174 14 (■:, lat. 41 6 s. Queen County, a county of Ireland, in the province of L«infter, 30 m long and 29 broad ; bounded on the n by King county, i- by Kildaie, sf by Catherlough, s by Kilkeiiny. and u hy Tipptrary and Kinj: county. It is di- vidt'd into 50 parilhes, contains about Ba.ooo inhabitants, and fei.ds three miii.bcrs to parlijiment. It was for- merly full of woods and bo^s, but is now II R cud) imptt>vcil III cultivation- M^iy- borough II llii'CitpiUl. Qui-tnberou^^fi, ;i borough in Kiiit, in (hf illf of Nlu-piy, i;uvcrtu-il by a in,iy»r, wiili 4 ni iikct on Moiiil.iy It h.iif iincf a ftntiij; cilUo, tome rt-miint ot uhicli are (WW lo be I'ccn. Tlic cluof rniplitynriit ut the intiibitiiiiti in rilhin>,-, ami oylik-r* are liue in great pkiiiy. It lifcatcd neir the mouth ol ilu'Mcdw.iy, r3 m Nvv C.aitiibury, and 45 > by * Lijii>loii. L'in. • 49 t, lat. 51 i\ n. Uuttnhoriiufht a town of H ('aiolina. onihf w ftilf of the Great I'cJce river, ji m NNw Oi'orgt'town. Qui-rm/rri/, A boroiijth of Scol!.ini!i in l.iniiitijowfiurct fe>ii' I on tho tiiih ut Forth, where h it nut inorftlioi i m wide. IIpi'c Ii a good harbour t'.ooo itthibit uiti, and celcbiatfd for the beauty of itit editiceii. an aiprcduc'l, and clr)th mantifK'turei. It h 195 in tiw Mi'xico. Lon. 103 11 w, Ut. ao iR I*. Qui-r/url, a town ol" Upper S.ixony, in Ttiuiingia, 'capital of .1 pmicipility of lite lame nami*, wiih a cilUe. It ii fitnatoon the rivulet Wute, furroundcil by a ditch, i\ m n\w Nautnoui^. Lon. II so K. lit. 51 jj V. Querimla, a tlu'ttr of I'mdl in.indl on the co.ift of .Moraini)i(jue, fertile iit frail and p-ifliin*. They .ire iiihal)ited by the delcriidinfa ot l'o-fii^ii„-it;, and fo named from thir princip.il one. Lon. 41 ^O >-•• i.lt. II 4.-) M (iu:rquim, or Kerkeni, a group of ill.iiid^, neir llic i. co.ill of Tuiii., twoof tliym much larger tlian the otlur 1. The priiicip.done ii 10 tn long and 5 broad; and to tiic V of it, united by a bridge, is y«-ita, vvlii-h isratht-r finaller. From this group a bank extendj to Lainpe- dofi, which abounds with fi(h. The channel bet wei'ii the two largcH ii 15 m to the K of Sufa. Lon 10 50 e, lat. M .14 N'- U'trfnot/, a fortified town of France, in the dopartment of Nord, with .in old calUe. It was taken by the alliv.*! in I71 1, and retaken the fame year. In 1793, it was taken by the Auftrians, and retaken the next year. It is leatcd in an extenfive plain, on the rivulet Konclle, 9 m se Valenciennes, and ua Ni'. Paris. Lon. 3 40 e, lit. 50 15 jr. Quiberoti, a town of France, in the dopartment of Moriiihan, with a fort, fitnalc at the extremity of a poninfula, to the N of IViieiflc. In 1795, ■' wa« taken by fome French regiments in the pay of Great Britain ; but owing to the delertion and treachery of fome of the foldierr?, the republicans loon took it by fnrprife. It w.ts taken by the Hnglifh in 1800, but evacuated foon afterward. It ia 17 m ssE P(>rt Louis. Quiciiro, or Quibo, an iflind in the V icific ocean, near the coafl of Veragua, in New Spain, about 20 m long and ( broad. It hns a port on the e fide, wheie vcfllU may obtain wood and water. Lon. 8 a 30 w, lat. ; ij n. ■|.. \\ '♦ ,i1 \h:>. 't I Qiri QnUimamtf, a friinort of Zanfurltar, In Ihc kingdom of Mrlinil.1 It (k-Ioiiki In Ihr I'lirtiiKitrii-. in*i f).initt .it the mouth nf.i tivrr ttf the fami- n^mr, a6 m aiw Mrtinti4. Lon. 41 40 k, Ia(. .1 Quilhtti, .1 town of rr.incc, lt> thnlf- Bartmcnt uf Audr, 15 m s^w Carcnf* wot' Qullhhefuf, 1 town «»f rranrc, In thr ilrnirtmrni of Purr, (r (li«| 011 Ihc R^iiir, .^7 m w Rotinii 4nd 41 nw £vrr;iux Quii'/nta, A town of ChlU. f.ipitnl <»f .1 tioo ot thi" tli'ifoy of P. provincf of tlie f.it.i' furtu. The pro- wlun it wi* m.uli* fiiKjiO vincf I1 o '<• of the uvi.^ pcipiiloii*, an«l thr rirhrfl in gold, In ,1.' Cftili ( md iti hrmp .itul 'I'tii-y an* ini '•>• «ftirmi'd. Thr town, (illj'd a!(o St. M.trtin, it flttute III ,1 pf.»f;iii» viiilfv, on ih«' rivrr Ai'onc.iKU I, 9t nr» wNw Sf.J^j,'o. Ixii. 71 11 tr, l,it. %% J 6 H. Quil'iii, A r»'>t'<»itof Z.ini'itrh.ir, c.i- pit.d of n kingdom of tht- (.iiyc n.im»*, Dvirh A {in.dl <'itadtl Thini'Diintiy w.iit firft dilcovi'i"! by the Vnriu^uvlf, in I4cyfl; .ind it prcc'tu'r* nl)iin»!aiicr of rice, niilirt, friiif, citfit, a"d poultry. The inliahif.mts \rv Moli,imci- (Iu)P'h (•'(' It id leatfd at the conflux of the Oder and Benaudct, 34 ni smj l?ic(l, and I la w by u Rcnncs. Lun. 4 6 w, Int. 47 5I N. i^uimpfrle, a town of Franc, in thr Hepartmrnt of Finiftrrrf, leated on the Ifotte. ,^o m F.sk Q'mper. Quinri/, a town of MairachiifettH, in Norfolk county, 10 m s by t Boftoii. Quinjffi/t a town of France, in the department of Doubrt, ftattd on the Loure, izm sw Hefancon. Q.tiirt-rionf' or Chinclti, a bay on the coaft of Cochincliina, much frctpiciitid by the vi-flils of the counvry, b«-ing an excollfnt harbour. The eutraiict is narrow, and Ihipa of bnrdfu can only get in at high water. At the head of the harb()ur is the city of Quin-nong. Lon. 109 15 E, lat. 13 J 2 s. Qttinjon, a town of Fiance, in the depiitment of Lower Alps, aR m ssw Dip' e. Q"i»tirt, a town of France, in the de- pni-rninii of Cfttes do Nord, feated in a Ya'vy, 10 m .ssw St Brieuc. Q.vir/>on, an ifland in the Atlantic O'-'in, near the n coafl of Newfound- Ix d. Lon. 25 %a Wf lat. 51 40 N. Qirr Qwi^/Zt, Itown of It.ity, in MJnti.vi, famiMH for an action btlwrm ihf Friiuli and Autiii.tns in 17J4, whrn m4rfhd Hrr»Klio wat furprlfrd In hit hcd It ii (rated on thr* 8rcri4, 15 m t». M.intui. Quit/it ^ kingdom of H Amrrlr.i, in thr viceroyally of New (Sran.«da, l^jn* l>ctwtn two chainn tif thr Andet, un j plain virvatcit 9170 feet ihovr ihr I**,} of thr lir.i Itt w boticit.try it the P,i< 1. flc octMii, on the coall of which ii rx. tcndi from l.it a n 10 cipr HIuk.i m lat s 45 *■ It ^'t* ti'idrr thr jurilil , " ru until i ;;i,, I to till* VI., . loyalty rfLihliih.d 41 St. Fr, th«' ,» pit.tl of Ni'w Orjnada. The l.nul. are generally w> II cultivated, ahoitik' in rtery kind of vcKctable ptoilm tioii, and fcfd 4 gi'*Mt number ui cattif of all clafTcii. There .ire many town* and villaitet inhabited by the >Sp.i. niardsor native AmeiicatiKj and ftvrril didrioti arc occnpieil almolt entirely b) Indi.tnt. I'!v«ry village \% adorned wl^h a large Aiuare , and .-» church on one luifl of It. The flretti are gciHTally Araiphr, and in the direction or the fiiur c.irdin ! point* ; aiivl all th«* roadu are laid out in a lini*, crofling each other, that the 4N pet^t of the country hat the appearanor ot a iarfre g'irdcn .Although chiHcriiin* try is (itunie 011 both nd<*8 the e(^iiator, yet it li(s Ii) high, and fn tuar the mountains covered with fnow, that the air it very tcmpcrat**. 'I'lure are no noxiuui animals . for ihctigert, K'c. .ire bflow in lh«* furi-fts. This it the only province in Spanifh America that can be called a miiiuifa^uring country. Hats, cotton lluffs andcoarli' woollen cloths, are ni.ulc here in fuch qiinntitirn, ai tu furnifh a cnnlulcrabic article for export- ation til other parts of Sp.uiilh Amciic.i. Quito^ the capital of the kingdom 01 thf liame name, and a bifhop's fic. The principal (quart* is large ; in one of its fides iH the palace of the prefident of thr royal audience, oppofite which it the city-houfr, in the third is the cathe- dral, in the fourth the bilhop's pal.ice, .•md in the middle a beautiful fountain. It bas (oTcral religious communities, and two colleges, which are a kind of uni- verfity; and all its edifices have a hand- i<>me appearance. Having no mines in its neighbourhood, it is chiefly famous for manufatflures of cotton, wool, and flax. In I7.?5» it w.is 1 wallowed up by an earthquake, but (bon rebuilt. It ii fituate at the fkirt of the volcanic moun- tain Picbinche, on the river Machan« gara, 400 m sw St. Fe< Lon. ^^ 8 vr, lat. o 1 j s. U AC QuUiimtt, a pntvlncf in Ihr * p.irl of tin- kiiii.;i|>mi of Ati>tiilt. It n lull ut' moiiiituii*, .ind Uuliy cultivrftLtl, l)iit ptutttii r» 4liuiui.ita'i' uf ht>iii7» m4X| mul iilr. 'I'lii* iiih.ibi(.uiU .irr warltki* »i-. Qu>fM, All liiLind cotiiitry of (luiiii.i, lying K uf Siicir.k LcuiU'. R Ifatib, ii town .itul fiirtri'tA uf t.ow t Hmi^'ary, camt.il nf Jivtrin, .itui .1 }>i. vv.iik .in.iinU tlirTuikM. I iUtil at the cot.lliix ol ilu' Ui.Ui and R.ihiiit/. itat Ur from the D.iimiIm-, iX in -s* IVil biir>!: I.ori. 17 4/; I., I.if. 47 ^11 V. Iiiuii'\iiur, .1 t(M' II of lliiKlotilt.in, in tilt' province of iVLilwa, 74 m nk t)i|. s'lin, .ind 114 shw Agra. I.on. 76 56 k, Lit. «4 : N. Itiitizu, one ol' tlu' IlrbritlcH of Scot. Iiiiil, bi'twrcn the maitiLnid of Roll- Iliirc4nd tlicillc of Skyir. Itin la m long .iiul 4 broad, riling with a gentle .ifc* iit from the w fitU* lo a jjnat hciKht on th(« K lidf, which in m-arly perpt-ndicu- lir. It is famoiiti for milllione cjuarrica and at ihc N v. vm\ llanda ( 'altic Uroichi.v, which is a noted feamark. Lon. 6 o w, lat. 57 ^i N. lldhajlfinj, A town uf France, in the ilcpaitiueiit of Tarn, dn the river 'Varni 18 ni Ni Toulunle. Iluhat, a leaport of the kingdom of Kfz, with a caftle, line molqui'S, and haiulfoinc palac«;s. On its t. rule is a walled town named Sheila, which con- liins many Moorilh tombs, and is en- tered only by Mohamtdani. Rabat has a mannta«ilurc of cotton cloth, and ilockii for (hip-building. It is feated at the mouth of the Burigrig, oppolilo Salee, 80 in w Fez. Lon- '> s6 w, l.it. Uabctijk'nt, 1 town of Bol, mia, in the circle of^Saaiz, on the river Ultava, ii m wsw Rakonitz. Itiicctft •"» town of Afi.itic TiuKcy, in Diarbtk, at die conllnx of the Ikies with the liiiphrates. Near it ar« tin; »uin» of ()ld Racca, once a magnificent city It is 140 m as-w Diaibckir. Lon. 39 4 t, lat. 3(1 5 N. Rachore, a city of Hindooltan, in the country of Golconda, capital of a dil- •trift, ful.jca to the nizam of the Dec- It A D emit ll U lv«t«tl t»n tht* 4 lunk ul' ilic Kiflni, fo ni ow llytlrabad Luti. 79 J i^, lit. 10 n N Hailht II ImttH illund of ihc Archipr l.iii;it, near tint «9Hini, 4 town of Piedmti'it, f«,atrd in 4 |>Uii< . bvtwi en the rivir* Uraiu and M4cra. lU m » bjr w Turin HtiU.hfri, 4luwntif Upper Sixoiif. in Milniit, near which i« a (mIIi, callen AuiMiUu.'i hilh, ilikuvercd in 1717. It Aandioii the RuUr, Km » nh IlnlHvn. lln.l'i>,>iwi' of upper "^ax-'tiy, ill Mifniai \\\V' a ollic. Ir it tdtltrated for earth) n uarr, and k.Ued on tiM R.tdci. 10 in N Dit'ldeii, ilaJko/'tni, .1 t' wn of TuitMny, in Si( uneit, letted on a itcep hUl, t6 ni »k Sii-ntM. HitilitK/tfiiir, sir KiiilunMur, a town of tlindo tl )i,« ill the pi'tvinee of Ag'mere, Hunitf.' on the I'uiUUri 175 m n Snrat, lid 350 !k Siradia. liadjiuds, a town ot Bavjria, in the m ■t:^ fm S ' '■■•f ■ RAJ cUichy of Salzburg, vftr the foiirce of th«' Ens, 35 m k^k Salzburg. Lori. 13 16 »-, laf. 47 18 N. liafrivolo, a town of Italy, in Man- tmn, ig m s .Vhniua. Jiat^tand, a villapr in Moiimoiithdiirf, t, m Nt Uilc. It is f;«moii8 for its callle, wbcre Charles 1 p.ifl«*d much of hi8 time in a mapnificcnt ftyl«. Thiscaflle WH8 tht* lad in Cromwell's time, which rurrendcifd to general Fairfax. Roj^vit, a town of PriifFian Lithuania, with a very ancifnt iMilJr, in which is a large royal maga;iine for provifion?, &c. It is fitriatc on the Niemen, 56 m h.nk Konigfl)(Tg. Lon. 21 30 e, lat. 55 .10 N. * /iaijoo>jurf a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Malwa, 116 m ne Ou- dein, and 256 s Dell\i. Lon. 77 30 e, lat. 24 23 N. Hafrufai a ^own of Sicily, in VaJ di Noto, and county of Modica, with two grand churches ami a noblt' college ; iVated near the river Ragufa, 18 m WNW Noto. Rii(^ufa, a city and feaport of Dalma- tia, capital of Ragufen, and an archbi- shop's iee. It is 2 m in circuit, and llrong by (iVuation, having an inaccefli- ble mountain on the land fide, and a ftrong fort on the gulf of Venice. It lias a confiderable trade with the Turks, particularly in hides and tallow, and is 50 m Nw Scutari. Lon. 18 30 e, lat. 4". 55 I*' Ragujifty a territory of Dalmatia, ly- ing along the coaft of the gulf of Venice, about 60 111 long and ao broad. It was a republic, under the protedliou o£the Turks and Venetians; but now is an- nexed to Italy. The foil is fo barren, that the inhabitants receive thv; grcatcit part of their necefTarics from the neighbouring idands and Turkilh pro- vinces. The Ragiifans profcfs the Ro- man c.tholic religion; but the Greek, Armenian, and Turkifli perfuafions arc tolerated iov coiiveniency. Ragufa is the capital- Hajamurdri/y a town of Hindooftan, capital of one of the Englifli Circars. The principal riches conhft if, teak tim- ber. It is leaied on the Godavery, 35 m from its mouth, and 170 sw Cicacole. Lon. 8 J 57 E, lat. 17 o n. Ttajaf>our, a town of Hindooftan, in Concan, at the mouth of a river of the fame nanae, 6 m N Geriah. Rajemal, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal, formerly a place of great trade, but now in a ruinous ftate. It is feated oa the w bank of the Ganges, 61 m It A M N>Jw MooTlhedabad. Lon. 87 jo r, lut 25 o N. Rain, a fortified town of navarii, feafed on the Acha, near the Lech and the Danube, 12 m w Neuburg. Rain, or Old Rain, a town of Scot- land, in Abcrdctnftnre, near the rivci Ury, 23 m Nw Aberdeen. Rain Laic, a lake of N America, lying E of Lake of the Woods, and w of Lake Superior. It is nearly 100 m long, and in no part more than 20 wide. Rainford, a village in Lancaftiirc, 6 m SF Ormikirk, noted for its manufa into Chefapcak bay. jRapper/c/iw Limc'iicl:. Halihor, a town of lSiI»fi:i, capital of I a principality of tlu: fami.' n.ime, witii ,1 LaiHe Thf catln'clral and lownhoufc Nk; uurthy of notice. It is fcattd on thi' (Wrr, in a country fertile in corn and fruit, 15 m Nt Troppau, and 85 \iii Urcflau. Lon. 18 13 >-i lat 50 i n. Uatiniferti a town of W'flplialia, in thcilucliy of Herg, 6 ir» ni Duflirldorf. llatijhon, or Itagenjburji, a ftrong city I of Bavaria (lately irnpi-riai, and an cpii- copal fee) capital of tiie principality of Uatifbon, anil the lt;c "f an arclv- bilhop, transferred from Mcntz to this place in 1798- Tiie ai)Uy of St. l^m- ineran e»)niains the relics of St. Denyg, a valuable library, and a fine colledion ofn!athematicalinflr'nnent8. Thrtown- lioufc 's magnificent, and in ilb liall tin* gentrp'. diets ofthetmpire uii'd to meet. [The uihabitants, in ^'cneral, are pro- Wbnts, and about 24,090. K:Uilbon has a great trade in lalt, for whiui it is a depot, and lisnds Urge quantities of corn and wood to Vienna. It lias an an- Icitnt bridge of 15 arches over ihr Pa- mibe, and ftands on tht- s fide ot that river, at the influx of the Regtn. 62 m n byt Munich, and 195 w by n Vienna. lion. 12 6 K, lat. 48 58 N. liatmanj'dorf, a town of Germany, I in Carniola, with a cattle, 20 m s by w I Clagenfurt. Rato.:th, a borough of Ireland, in [Meath, i^ m nw Dublin. Ratolfzel/, a ftrong town of Suabia, I on tliat part of the lake of Conftance I called Zeller See, 1 2 m nw Conftance. Ixatjha, or Ratzka, a town and for- Itrefs of Sclavonia, on the n fide < l" the Savf!, oppofite the influx of the Drin, Isomsvv Peterwardein. Rattan ; fee Iluatan. Rttttenbcrg, a foitified town of Ger- I many, in Tyrol, with a citadel. In the vicinity are copper mines, which alfo jyitiii fome filvcr. It is fituate on the linn. i6 m KNf. InCpruck, and 44 sw Salzburg Hatzeburi^, a fortified town of Lower 1 Saxony, capital of a principality of the lime name, lubjeit to the duke of |Mecklenbuig-Streiit'/,. The town i.s iVated on an ifiund, in the midft of a lake 30 m in circuit. The buildings aiv of brick, and almolt every houfe is iliaded with a tree. From the lake of Ratzcburg ifTues the river Waknitz, which joins the Trave near Lubec. Ratzeburg is noted for excellent beer. It is 14 m s by E Lubec, and 2a & Lauen- Iburg. Lon. 10 5»"e, Utt. 53 4^ n- R A U Uaudnitz, a town and cattle of Bohe- mia, ill the circle; of Itaconilz, IcJtcd on the Elbe, 20 m n Prague. llavelloy A town of Naples, in Prin- cipato Citra, 10 m w S.ilcrno, and 45 SE Naples. liaveiigtafsi a feaport in Cumber- land, with a market on Saturday. It ttands on an inlet of tht; liiflj lea, be- tween the Mite and Elk, which, with the Irt, runs into this inlet, and forms a good harbour ; but the adjacent coun- try furiiifliing httle for exportation, the chief trade is in oyfterd. Two ni from the town, on the a fide of the Elk, are ruins of 3 m in circunvference, called the fiiy of Barnfcaif, of which no hittorical ducnments appear to cxilf. Ravenglafs i.-i 16 m ssE Whitehaven, and 297 nnw London. Lon. 3 30 w, lat. 54 ai N. lUrjenia, a city of Italy, capital of RoniagiKi, and an archbilhop's lee, with icvera' eolieges, a great nimber of reli- gious houfos, and a ruinous citadel. It Lad a celebrated harbour, but the fea ha^ ;.^r.idually withdrawn 4 m from the town. It is now chiefiy noted for the excellent wmt produced in its n«igh- bourliood. Theodoric, king of the Goths, refided here, and afterward the exarchs ot the Greek emperors. The mauiblcum of Theodoric is Itill to be feen, and is covered by a fingic Itone, ^% feet in diameter, and 15 ttnck. Raven- na is feated on the Mantone, 37 m sr. Ferrara, and 16.-, n Rome. Lon. la 5 E, Lit. 44 25 N, Ravenjltrg, a town of Weftphalia, capital of a county of its name. The cattle of the ancient counts is feated on a mountain. It is 15 m ene Munfter, and 36 svv Miiiden lia%'i>ijvurg, a town of Suabia, lately a free town. It has aeon liderable trade, particularly in paper, and is feated ou the Cheufsj 18 m n Liiidau. Jianjejidn, a town (;f Dutch Brabant, capital of a county of the fame name, with a cattle; feated on the Meule, 8 m ■wsw Nimeguen. JiavitZy a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of I'ofnania, with a confiderable manuladure of clotii, 24 m s Pofen. Raumo, a town of Sweden, in Fin- 1 tnd, near the gulf of Bothnia, 20 ra s Biurrehurg, and 55 n by w Abo. Raujchenberg, a town of Germany, in Upper IJ .-(Fe, 7 m N N e Mai burg, and 33 ssw Caflcl. Raunjee, a river of Hindooftan, one of the five E branches of the Indus. It rilt*3 in Laiiore, on the borders A Tibet, flows by the city of Lahore to To> lomba, in Moultan, a-'id *S :n br't'-v I;. RE A joinn thf Chunaiib. The RauTce is the i n *t:i ■■ !' f\ I.U:M V. ED Pehiieh, a town of Eiiropcpn Tr ^ ' r y, Hydraotf s of Alfxnniler. > in Wabchii, and a bil'ii ps Ito, d, lerf Rawd, a town of Poland, capit.il of on tlu; AUit.i, 45 m £w '1 arj^owilcc, a palaiinate of *> c iame name, with a ftrotip raft'e. It ■' f«aled in a mouiii, and .i!moft lurrutwuiccl by the river t'lWA, 55 .n SM V^''a»faw. Lon. 19 55 k, lat 5« 5' ><• Baynham, a towti of Mafiachulctfl, in Brjftol county, with manuladturcs of iron. The vicinity abounds in ore, ;ind the firft foi<^e in America was i"«:t up here by J.unos and Henry Leonard, na- tives of tngia'id, in 16,5 a, and is llill in employ by thi- family of the Leonards. It isfiMted near the river Taunton, ^ m •NNK Taunton, and 31s Bofton. Hay pour, a town of Hindnoftan, in Orifla, near the river Mahanada, 60 m s Ruttunpour, and So w Sumbulpour. Tit, an i|].md of France, 16 m long Heccan ; I'cc Aracan, Beccanatiy a town of Italy, irj tl • marqiiiiiite of Anct-na ft has a tVir m September, whici\ tontirucg 15 uavo, and lt?.nd» on a moii itjiln, ne.iv ti.c river Munforif-, 14 m s Ancona- Ifeciem, a town of the Ntthcrland', in the territory of Liege, leated nearili»? Meufe. c,\n n MaeRiicht. itfck/ini^hauferiy a town of Germing, in the circle ot Lower Rhine, cipital of a county of the fame name, with a ftrong citadel. It is ftated on tho Lippe, :;o m ssw Munftcr. Lon. 7 ^g E, laL 51 38 N. lieculvery a village in Kent, at the mouth of a Imall branch of the Stoui, S m NK Canterbury. It is the Kegil. and 4 broad, liparated from the coalt bium of the Romans ; and its aneitnt of Lower C'hrrente by the ftrait of church hai two Ijii : the principality of Halberftadt, 6ms Halberftadt. Rege.favahie, i. luww of Farther Po- m.'rania, with a v-flle, c \ t6. on the Rega, 14 m ese C« ;: • Roggi^} 'I feaport or Naples, in Cala- REI ^-laT^ilr-.andanarchbiftiop's (ee. The cnurcnea, convents, and many houfcs, are built of flones frvjm ancient edifices, and numerous infcriptions are to be met with on the walls of ♦hem Tijr environ J proilnce the b< It Hk in Ca- 'ibria; and on tlie coait is found a Ipecifi of nnilclc that yields ;\ kind of wool, of which gloves and llockings are made, llejjgio was nearly dcftroytd by an earthquake in 17^^ it is fcated on the ftrait of Meirina, la m usk MefFina, and 95 s by w Cofenza. Lon. 16 o e, lat. 38 4 N. I{eg\'io, a city of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name, included in that of Modena, and a bifliop a fee, with a ftron^ citadel. In the cithedral are puintingi by the greateft mailers ; and in the fquare is the ftntuc of i^ren- nus, chief of the Gauls. The principal trade is in (ilk. It was taken by prince Eugene in 1706, and by the king of Sa*-- dinia in 174a. in 1796, the inhabit- ants were the firft Italians that re- nounced allegiance to their fovcreign, and folicitcd the protetStion of the French. Reggio is the birtlipbce of the poet Ariofto. It is featcd in a fer- tile country, on the river TefTone, 15 m Nw Modena, and 80 se Milan. L»ii. II 1; K, lat. 44 43 s. Heghebil,A\.ovin of Negroland, in the country of Wangara, fituate on a lake at the influx of a branch of the Niger, 240 m F. by s Ghanara. Lon. 19 10 b, lat. 13 20 N. lifgina, a town of Naples, in Cala- bria Citra, 14 m N Cofcnza. Regis, Ht. a town of Lower Canada, on the boundary line that feparates Ca- nada from the United States, and on a river of its name, at its junftion with the St. Lawrence, 50 m sw Montreal. Lon. 74 10 w, lat. 45 o n. Regnano, a town of Italy, in the pa- trimony of St. Peter, feated near the Tiber, 17 m N Rome- Reichenauy an ifland of Suabia, in the Zeller fee, or lower lake of Conllance, 3 m long and one broad. It abounds with viriCS and other fruit-trees, and lately had a rich abbey, of which the bifh'jp of Conllance was abbot. It is 4 m w Conltancc. Reichenauy a town of SwifTerland, in the canten of Grifons, lisated in a fertile valley, at the conflux of thetwo branches that form the Rhine, 7 m swCoire- Reiclienbach, a town of ^ilefia, in the principality ot Schweidnitz. with con- fiderable manufau'. pipet), ovi v the hills to 'i'laiinittin. It is fenttd on the o.ila, 9 m sw Salyhurp. HcichJ>'nfiit, a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, with a caf- tlc. 9 m N Hjij^uenau. litiJJ't rfcheid. a town of Trance, in the depirtinrnt of Sane, lafi ly of Germa- ny, and cr.piial of a county in the duchy of Juliers. It is feated on ihc E flel, _;o m ^!i(/ji urir, a fortifii'd town of Lower S.ixotiy, in the duchy of llolllcin, (ni th(' frontiers of Mefvvick, and on td^ rlrer Eyder. It in compoied of linvi; parts, the Old 'I'own, the iiklcuf knit, and the New 'I'own ; the form< r of which it.uul.. on an id ind formed by tlir river. The principal inanufaCilure.s ;n( porcelain, eaithen ware, and gold .md lilvcr laci", and thf tr.ide in tiinher, 1,/ memn of the liydei canal, iii conlidem ble. It i;i 15 in w Kit;!, and 16 ■■^i Sli fwick. Lon. 9 53 h, lat. 54 20 N. ltr>ifn'-,L>, a liorouj;h of Scuiland, and the county-town of itenfrcwihire. Tiu' principal branch of trade is the thriml, but many loonia are employed in thu lilk and nuillin mannfadure'i. Rohfrt II li.id a palace here, of which nothiii;' remains but the exterior ditch. 'J'he number of inhabitants was 2«/,i in 1801, ami 2;,(;5 in ihii. It is feated near tlic t lyde, to which there is a canal, 11 m u by N Gialgow, and 13 k by s Qrec- nock Lon. 4 26 w, Int. 55 54 n. UiiifnrMjbirey a county of Scotl.iin!, 2!i m long and i 2 liroad ; boimdod (iii th(! wand n by the frith of Clyde, k by Laneikfliirc, and s by Ayrfliire. It is divided into 17 pariflies, and ftiuis ,1 member to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 78,056 in 1801, .iiul 92f59() HI 181 !• In the N pirt, tov/arj the borders of the Clyde, the foil itiifr- '.ile, but the s part is mouiitaim>iis .ind r.ither barrcii. Helide the Clyde, it is watered by the Gryfe, and the Whilr and Black Cart. The largert; town i^ raifk-y. litti't, a tov\'n of European Turkey, in Hcffarbia, i(.\Tted on the Danube, jut b"low the influx of the Pruih, ij^m sw Bender. Lon. 27 40 e, lat. 45 .-5 s. Jiennes, a city of France, capital of the dcpirtment of llle and Vd one, and a bifhop's fee- It contains eight parilii churches, befide the catln dial, and Ic- veral convents. The Itreets ar^' broad and llraight ; but they were nariow before the fire in 1720. which iallfd feven d-iys, and confum(;d 850 houlis. In fhe gn\it fquare is the Palace of Juftice, and the Hotel de Ville. It is icated on the Vilrinc. which dividtJ it into two parts, 58 m n by v ^Vlltt>, and 190 wsw Paris. Lon. i 42 w, lat. 487 N, luns, or lienjh ; fee lires. llentown, a village of Scotland, 4 ^^- xw Dumbs ton. N;m'- it is one ol tnc moft cor.fiderable priutfields in Scot- Ian.' : i.'.l!) thf old manfiOM >t Da'- cloths ; anil my II ro ni Nr. itlii ilral, and le- K i: T (liihi:rn, whore Dr. Smollett was born, M\ii t'>^' lol^y ci>lurnii iTi'tftcil to his iiK'tiiory, on the bank of th(.' Lcvi-n. Itrnt!/, a town of Trance, in tlu* (lep.trtiuctit of Par dc CalaiH, 611 the livir Ail, 1} m bw Aire, and 50 nw Arr.is. lluU, a town of France, in the dc- pirinifiit of Giroiule, fcatcd on the Garonne, ao m su Uovn"d«'aux. liepallle, a town of Savoy, \\\ Cha- blaiii, famous lor the retreat of Anr\a- ileiiJ, dul;*-' of Savf/y, in 1440, when lie went to ciiioy the pleafures of a coun- try life, ikre in a Carthufian moiiaf- iriy, remiikable for its cxtenlivi: prof- pcfts. Jt is featid on a river that Mows to the lake of c'ieneva, io m nk Geneva. Jlepi/uif/i, .1 town in Norfolk, with a market on Saturday. It baa two churches iu one chnrcliyaid, and is I'eatcd in a valley, 15 m nvv Norwich, and III NI-- I-ondon. lie/'pen, a town of Brandenburg, in the New mark, iituatc on the Lylang, 16 m sflfc Cuftrin. Ittfiton, a village in Derhylliirc, 8 m ssw Derby, celebrated as the burial- place of fome of ihe Saxon kiii>,'3 of Mercia, and for feveral antiquilies. Here is a noted freclehool, which ap- pears to have been the refedory of a priory. Jie'qi/out, a town of Spain, in New Callilc, with a caltlcand a manutaiitiire ui (ilk;^. It was taken by the Enj^liih in 1706, and retaken by^ the French the next year. It is leated in a fertile plain, between the river Oliana and a ridge of mouiit'Mns, on thi' bord-rs 01 Valencia, 64 m E3t Cuenza. Lon. i 9 w', lat. 39 44 N. _ l{e;/jt, a city of Pcrfia, capital ot Ghilan. It has a conliderable trade, particularly in lilk and eoarfe woollen cloths ; and much rice grows in tlie fnvirons. It is feated on a river, 6 m from the Cafpian fea, and 00 n Calbin. Lon. 49 40 c, lat. 17 zo N- lieiolntion Ijland, an ifland in the Alamic ocean, 50 m long arid :o broad, on the M (ide of the entrance into liud- fo!i llra'it. Lon. 65 o w, lat 61 40 n. Ufjoluiion IJli, a Imall ifland in the Pacific ocean, 160 le.ig ties i; of Otahdtc, lb called from the ilup in wh:chCook made his iecond voyage. Lon. 141 15 w, lat. 17 23 s. /)V.v/, a ti)wn of France, in the de- pTrtmenf of Ardennes, liifore the re- volution, it was thecapital of a country called the Retelois. It is fcatcd on a lull, ntar the river AKiie, :6*m np. Rheims. Lou. 4 ^4 k, lat. /jg ::; N. R R U Uetford, I'.djlf a borough in Nollln;?- hainfhire, with a maiket on Satinday, IVatcd on the Idle, .^o ir. n by E Not- linuliam, and 141 n by w Loiu'.on. lietliam, a town of Lowrr Saxony, in th«; duchy of Zell, fealcd on the Aller, 35 m NNw Ilinover. Jlftimo, a leapott of Can.'r Garonne, near the grand balin of the Ca.ial Royal, 17 m ai. Touloule. lievcl, a government of Ilullia. Sec EjJIlOllid. Itevelf a feaport of Ruflia, capital of the governm.ent of Mflhonia, and a bidiop'ii fee. It ia furrounded by higb wails and deep ditches, and defended by a caftle and baltions. 'I'iie lioiifes .".re well built, and have fine gardens. Mere is a college, with four profi-llbrs ; and in 173,:?, two churches were allowed to the protertants. It has a ci nru'.rra- ble trade, and two great fairn, in May and September, frequented by l^irlidi and l>ulch merchant.;. It luinili) on the gulf of Finland, partly in a plain, .and partly on a mountain, 160 m n by k Riga, and 220 w by .s Pcterfburg. Lon. 24 17 t, lit- 59 18 N. J{ti'fi/o, a town of Piedmont, feated near tiie Po, on the top of a mountain fortified by nature and art, 3 m nw Salnz'/.o. Jiz"zi)ve (too m in length, between Ihi* Atlantic ocean aud the mountaiiis of Paraqiiay, but is only from 90 tn 120 in brradth. In the s part is a Lkr, calird Mcrim, 160 m long and 50 l)road, lorfned by a branch from that of St. I'ctlio. I'hc principal places on this cxtenfivt* coal): are the town of St- Pedro and the illand of St. Catherine. lietjest a city of Terra Firma, in the pro 'nice of St. Martha ; fratcd in a fer- tile valley, on the river Gnatopori, 7^ m 88E St. Martha. Luii. 73 ;o w, lat. 10 6 V. lleivahy a town of Hindooftan, In the province* of Allahabad, 57 m saw Alla- habad. Lon.81 36 b,lat. 2431; N. lie of which no ruins remain. In the vicinity arc lead and copper mines. It is 19 m wNw New Radnor and 178 London. Rheda, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of Munfter, 10 m n Lip- ftadt. Jiheims, a city of France, in the de- partmi-nt of Marne, and lately an arch- bifhop's fee. The inhabitants are com- puted to be 3o,coo. The principal church, built before the year 406, is a very beautiful ftru(5lure; and that of St. Nicaife is remarkable for its fine archi- tedure. Behind the high altar of the church of St. Remy, the corpfe of that archbilhop is prelervcd in a macnificrnt ftirinc. The kings of France have been fucceffively crowned at Kheims ; proba- bly, btcaufe Clovis, the foundei of the French monarchy, when converted from paganifm, wat. baptif'ed in the cathedral here, in tbe year 496. The remains of R II 1: an nmpliitheatir, a cafllr, and 4 tri. umphal arch, are anioni; the anciint motuimcnts of the Komanii. Khcmts i* long and narrow, and (he houirtt nn low. Hrreair mannla^uifs ol Manml, coverlpix, and oilu-r woollen Aull'ii. It is Icatcd in a plain, Inrronndid by hills that produce excrllcnt wuif, «in the river Vellc, 6j tn n Troycs, and 75 ni Paris. Lr)n. 4 2 ■■', lit. 49 15 n. Uhe'iH, a town of Prunia, in Nataii. pen, widi a large fortified caftic ; fe.jtul on a lake, 75 in 'iK Konigfbcrg. Lon, 21 38 f, lat. 5,3 48 N. Ulttinau, a town of Swifll'ri.ind, in Thurgau, with an abiioy, on an ifl.ind ft)rined by the Uhint, 5 m siw Schafl- haufon. lilminbachf or Ihynbach, a town dl Fiance, in the departmrnt of Rhine and Mofelle, lately of (»cnnany, in the elcc. loiaie of Cologne, 10 m wsw Bonn, and 36 Nw Coblentz. Uheinberf^t a town of France, in th? departin(MU of Roer, lately of Germany, in the eleftorate of Cologne; (i'atetl near the Rhine, 13 m e Geldcrs, and 48 N by w Cologne. Jt/ieine, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of MunHcr, (eatcd on the Kms, 1 8 m wnw Ofnaburg. Uheineck, a town of France, in the department of Rhine and Molelle, lately of Germany, in the circle of Lower Rhine; foat^d on the Rhine, 16 m nw Coblentz. li/ieineci, a town of Fianconia, capi- tal of a county of the fame natrie, with a caflle on the river Sinn, 25 m n by w Wurtzburg. Rheineck, a to vn of Swifierland, ca- pital of Rheinthal, with u callle, feated on the Rhine, near its entrance into the lake of Conftance, 25 ni se Conftattce. Lon. 9 35 K, lat. 47 21 N. Rheinfelden, a town of Suabia, the beft of the four Foreft-towns ; feated on the Rhine, over which is a bridge, 8 m E Bafel. Rheinfeh, a ftrong fortrefs of France, in the department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately of Germany, in the lower county of Catzcnelleni)Ogen. It is one of the mod: important places on the Rhine, and ftands on a Itupendous craggy rock, at the foot of which is the fortified town of St. Goar. It was taken by the French in 1794, Jmd is i6 m s Cob- lentz. Rheinma^en, a town of France, in the dej>artnitnt of Roer, lately of Ger- many, in the duchy of Juliersj fituate on the Rhine, 19 m nw Coblentz. R/ieint/ial, a dUtrift of Swiflerland, mil lying along the KLiiie, and now in- clmft'il ill thr caiU«)ii t)» St.(»jll. 'llic protcftant inhabitants nr< the nxti-t nii- mcriHU. It \* a tVrtilc vall»;y, jtm Iting and fr(»m J to H broad, and proiliictH cxccllint wini". Uluini-rk iitlir capital. Uhtinrubern, a town of Irancc, in tin- dip irtincnt ot Lower llhint?, (rated on thi- i;iiba<.h, lo m sK Landau. HIttiiii, a town of Lower Snxnny, ill till* «lmliy I'f Mrcklcnhurg, on the rivtr Ua^cj,"*'^' '4"' *•'' i.iibfC j{/itnt-n, H town of Holland, id Utrcclit, liatcdoii the Uhinf, lo nn hi-. Utrecht. Hhint, a jjrf ul and rcniarkablc rivi-r of laiiope, wliich rilci in Swiirciland, in thi' fiiiiton of Grifons. It is Jormcd of three lire ims ; ila- Further Rhine, from Ihi- licad of the valley of Diicntis; (he Middle llhine, from the valley of Medelo, an appendaj^t of St. (iothard ; jikI die llilhrr or llpp«*r Uhinc, from the nioiinl Avicula. 'I'iie fiill two tor- it ills united is calletl the Lower Rhine, xvhich rectivci the Upper Rhine at Richenau ; and the height is here about ftiDo iVi't above the lea- Flowing by Coiie, .It the diilancc of a mile, the Rhine her« becomes navigable for rafts. It is loon after the boundary between the Rhtinthal and a territory of Aultria, and palFcs through the lake of Conftanco from E to w. Leaving this lake, it be- comes the boundary between Swiirer- land and Suabia, flowing by Schaffhau- (en (below which it forms. a celebrated catarad) to Ba(i;l. At Bufel the river turns to the n, and flows thence to Hol- land ; in which courfw it becomes the barrier between France and Germany, waters many confiderable cities and towns, and receives lome large rivers. Bilow Emmerick, in the duchy of Cleve, it divides into two (iretms. That which bends to the w, and flows to Nimeg\ien, is called the Waal, but lofes that name on its junction with the .Meufe, at Worcmr.. Below Gorcum, it divides into four principrtl branches, forming the ifles of Yflelmonde, Voorn, and Overflackee: the molt northern branch is called the Merwe, and pairing by Rotterdam and Schiedam, is joined by the branch from the s fide of Yfl"cl- monde, and enters the German ocean, below Briel : the other two branches make their exit at Helvoet flays and Goree. The other ftream which had branched oflF to the nw below £mme- rick, retains its namcj but below Huef- fen another branches olTto the n, takes flu; name of Yircl, and enters the Zuidcr zee. below Campen. The old river proceeds w by Ainhi'im to Duerftede, when it again divides into two ftrcams : UHl thit to thf lift In rtllcd the Leek, !iii I eiittri the Mt'rwe, .«bove R«.tterd,«m. The branch lo the right, which retain! its iiamr, palTes on to Utrecht, where It itivid'"* once more, into two llr^anui tlie fin^ller one i* called the Vecht, which runt north into the Ziiider 7.rr« at Muyden } ami the other, the rimaini »)f the n«)ble Hhine, flown w by W'ocr- den to Leyden, where ii divides into fcveral channels, and becomes loli among hills of land near the village of (atwyck. Hhinf, Lowtr, a circl** of Germany. It extended on both lides the Rhine, from the circle of Suabia, on the !>, to that of Wellphalia, on the n \ contain- ing the elcdloiJte* of Mentz, Treves, and Cologne, the pabtinate of the Rhine, the duchy of Wedphalia, and the county of Lower lleiibuig. But in iH«i, the territories of this circle to the w of the Rhine were ceded to Fr.ince, and are included in the di partrncnts of Roer, Rhine and Mufelli, Sarre, and Mont Toniierre. Rhine, L$wer, a department of France, containing the u part of the late province of Alfaco. btrafburg is the capital. llhinet f'pker, a department of France, containing tnc s part of the late pro- vince of Alface, the principality of Montbeliard, and the bifliopric of Bafel. Colmar is the capital. li/iine, Vpper, a circle of Germany. It extended acrofs the Rhine from Lor- rain in Fiance, on the s, to the circle of Lower Saxony on the n, and was nearly interlirifted by the palatinate of the Rhine. It included the landgravate of HclFe, Wctteravia, the coui.Mes of Cat- zenellenbogen and Waldeck, 'he impe- rial town of Frankfort, the bifhoprics of Fulda, Spire, and Worms, and the duchy of Deux Fonts. But the terri- t«ries of this circle on the w fide of the Rhine were ceded to France in 1801, and are included in the departments of Sarre and Mont Tonnerre. Rhine y Palatinate of thty a late elec- torate of Germany, in the circle of Lower Rhine ; bounded on the n by the archbilhoprics of Mentz and Treves, E by Franconia, s by Suabia, and w by France. It was alio called the Lower Palatinate, to diltmguifli it from the palatinate of Bavaria, fometimes called the Upper Palatinate. But this elec- torate was fupprefled in 1801 ; the French annexing the part w of the Rhine to their own territory, and giving the remainder to the houfes of Baden and HelFe. Rhine and Mojille, a new department ^^ •M' i- /'S. ' ' ■f •. 'I i 1 f{ no of France, inf l»ulin>{ purl of ihc lale v-lt'dorittt of 1 ulii|{ri«' ditd 'IVtvc*, .iiid of tli<* I'ltr jt,.{.itiiiat<-ut' tlio Rhine. The capitiil iflCoblt lit/. hli.'le l/ltnitl, OIK ill flic Uiiitfd Still* of Ameru-a, Iwundvil on the f .iiitl r, by Mafrrfcl-.iifttN, a by (lie AtLui- ti<", am! w by Conitn'lii'iif, 'I'ho/i- li- init-t cornpr'liL'nd what Jmb bctn calUd Ulioiie lil.niil and I'rovidciicc IM.iiiia' tion. It i» dividrd into thi* countUii ofNcwpcit, I'lovidenco, W/idunntou, litillol, and K< Mt. i'lit.' ll.itL" in tril< r- I'fdtcd ill .ill diuctuiOH by tivcri' . tbo chief of them are I'rovidcrcc aiul Taint- ton riviTB, wiiioh (low into Niirrflg.tnl'i t bay. li'tP'Oic nnd limrlbinc m\ t utid Jn grt'.-it pifiity in thin U.itt , wliich in principally a t'uuiilry Itir p.illnrc. In 1810 tl.c luimdcr of inh.iliit.'UU: u'hh 7^), an- I'riwldciitc and Ncv/poit arc the chii'l" towr.H. HhiKh Iftond, an ifland ©f N Aini'iici, in the Hate of ito naiiu-, 15 in long and 4 broad, lletwcfn 30 and 40,«oollM'cp art; led htrr, bt-fuIclbic^fH and h )rli')}. This iilind is a iioit d rclutt of tlii' in- valids from the f'JuLiu'rn clinntcti, being cxcev.'dingly picafaiit and healthful. At the sw txlremity ia tne town of Nlw port. If'iod.'j, an in.md of tlu' Archi|i. lago, at tin- entrance ul thi- ^nilf ot M.icri, 40 W long find 15 broad. Tin: foil is pretty ftrtik', biu badly cultivated. Th:a idnnd is ii^uch celebr.tlt.-d in ancient Iiillury, haviiijT been ficc|uently under the dominion of different inaller'j. 'J'lie Saracrns Incamc pofTirTors of it in 665 ; and, ill 1 J09, it was taken from them l)y the kiiights of St. John of Jernlali-ni, \vlio afterward took llic name of knights of lihodes. They rriained it till 1525, when it was taken by ibe Turks, alter an obfUiiatc rcliftance; and the Imall number of knights that remaiiu u wcrt: afterward removed to Malta. A pacha h th4' goveriior-gi'iieial of the idand, ^vho prefifli'B over civil jcftice and mi- litary difeip!in(.'. K/ijdcs, the capital of tlu- ifund of Rhodes, and an urchbiHiop's fee. It was nncivMitly 9 m in circuit, and re- garded by Alexandt.!', wIk, depofited hiii lall will lieie, as tne lirfc city in the world; but the pre ii-nt town occupiea (Illy a qij.irttr of the extent of the .m- cici!t city. It Ii.is a good harbour, with a narrow entrance brlween two piers, and u now fo choUcii with ruins, th.it Imuil VI. nils alone are able to enter. Op a pi t of the harbour (lood tlie famous Coloirus, a (latue of bronze, 70 cubitK high, reckoned one of the Itveii won- ders of the world : it was thrown down T{ 11 V by an carth<|u.ik«', r,(t y(*x% Jiftfr iti crrtnion ( and whfii the Sjnacrn* bv. cnme mallcru of the ilhiul, thc-y knoek- vd it to piii'«'H, .ind told thu 1/ iijnit-iilt f 1) a Jew of lidi fla. Klw>/'c'i w.i» dcrm< ed .1,1 un|ir< <,Miabtv fur \> i*, bciriK riir< lounded by tri|.»U' w«lltt ..ml iljiiblr duchfi, but they arc now in a (bm. ot dilapiJ.ition. O^rr u e of : lir gairi ii Aill to be ftcn a Uoiie ''lield wuh the cr«>(;,of ih'M)iderot the kiiiy;i»l-of ;ii. John of JeiulalcTi. A qiirtdr.u»gul,.i eilifitVt whiili h i9 ijie apperfr^itcc (;i a moiia■ .iiiiii !.)«. rt;.iU in the night- tirm I. oil. 27 56 f, bit. jA .'.7 N. If'iiiirz \ fee }{odi"t. Hhoiw, ,i r»ver ttiai ri/en in b'winJ-r- I.'uid. Ill Mount i'urca which lonue fooii joins; a -mure lOniitltraMc 'tnim froia .in i.\tcnh»»- glaeier n Id that of ti.e knone. Alt.-r palFn .: ihvd.igh the v.-iic ul \ aiais, it runs tli.oiig'i ihe like of Geneva, ind It paraiing S.ivoy f'.oiu Urt'be, it lli,w» w to I.yon. ttieii s to Vieiiuf, Tom;i m. Valence, VivKi., I'oiit St. fiiprit, Avignoi', He,.ii:Mi,c, Tarilcon, and Arle", aiul enttia the ."ieditcrranean by (everal mouth.H. lihontt a depatlni''nt of Trance, (i) nanii d fn.m the river Hiione, whieli flowK on iti K border. The Rhone aiid Loire wa.s originally one department, luit leparated in 1792. I his deparl- inent includes the late provinces oi Ueanjolois and I.yonois. The capital is Lyon. Il/iene, Moutlu of the, .i department of France, on the coall of the Meditcr- tanian, at thi influx of tlie Rhone, con- taining the w ii.ut of the late province of I'loveiicc. vVix is the capital. linonhonfet a vill, .je of Scotland, in Kircudbriglitfliire, 8 m NNw Newton Doug! 18, noted toiagieat annual fair, and a weekly cattle market from Otito- bt r to January. H/niddlii'i, a vilh M' ot Wales, in Flint- fliire, oil an eniiiuniee nccu the mouth of the »^ Iwyd, 5 ni nnw St. Alaph. Jt Wf«s once of conlideiablc eonf« (|iience, bui mow of little note, except for thi- remains of a caille built by Edward 1, whofe queen was here delivered of a prineelj in 1283; and in the fame year a parliament is laid to have been held here, when the famous Statuti- of Rhuddlan was enat^ed. IVmden, a town of the duchy of Wt it- Rl U phalli, on tie river Monnc and frontUri uf P.ii \ ico iiiiiiiiu. Kliyiibiili, .1 town «»^ Nfwr V'orki ii) Diid'cfk i'duiity. on die i liilc wt lliul- Ibn iDTi opp'»litc Kiii(;lU>n, and iB ni V l\>iij;hk«'i:|)f»<'. 1iliunbrr)(, or ll/ihu!rri^, .) town «>f Br.'inth'iihiiif , in the Middle mirk, wi'h ;i h in.llomc pilac. huill \>y Frcdi-ilck II . v/lifn hcrcdit ii y piincc. It ii Icuicd ( m »n H.ivel- Uiuzan, .i government of IlulTli, for- iTirrly .1 provnicp of the government of Mi)l'ct)W. It is r«riilf.' In corn, and po- puluiit; and had anciently it« own priniva. Hiar^fi, a city of Kufllu. capit d of a govir aunt of the fame name, and .m avchhiiliop's li e. It wati formerly con- fulcrahlc fui ixtcnt and lichfu, but was almoil rnni< tl hy the T.ttt.ir'^i in i^OH- It is ft »tfd i>t the eonfliix of th»" Trn- hcdi with the Oka, loo m it Mufcow. I.on. 4037 K.lai. 54 55 N. Ui/jti tie SeJ/ii, a imall (■■a port of Spain, in Allnrias, on tlit- bay ot Bil- cay, i9 m t by s Gijon. fttbtuLiv'ui, a town of Spa'n, in Gali- cia, fcatetl at the coii'liix of tin.- Avia with the Miitho, in a territory that pro- (Uiccf. the belt wine in Spain, 15 n» wsw Orenfe. liibnilco., a ffaport of Spain, in Gali- cia, witli a good harbinir, dcfn.iled by two callli'ii. It ii feated on u. rock, at tiie month of the Kio dc Mirando, 45 m N by E l.ngo. Lon. 6 47 w, lat. 43 j8 w. Uihast a town of Spain, in Nc' Caf- tile, on the river Xarama, 8 m l Ma- drid. Hibble, a river which rifes in W York- liiire, above Settle, croflls Lanealiiire by Clitheroe and tVefton, and cniers the Irilh fca. Uihi-lra Grande, the capital of St. Ja- go, I he largell of the Cape Verd illands, and a bifliop's lee. It has a good har- bour, and is I'eatcd between two high mountains. Lon. ?.5 24 w, lat. 14 50 n. Uihemonl, A town of France, in the department of Aifne, feated on an emi- nence, near the river Oili', 10 ni w by 8 St Quentin. Riberac, a town of France, in the de- partment of l)«rdogne, 17 m e Pcri- gueux, and zf ssii Angoulefme. Hlbniki a town of Silcfia, in the prin- 1t IC clpnlity of R.itihor, .;o m s by N Ra> l.-ior. Iiif»ii.li, or I'iinmk, a town of Euro- pe m inikcv, in \Vtil4cl\i.i, and n bi« (hnp'i f«e. Here, in 1787, the Andii* .T 8 and IS'ilUans gainctl a j;reat victory iiv.r the Tiiriis. It ii fc.itcd on ,\ ri« v»T of th"' f niir name, (>i n\ » xh Tcr^o- vKK— Amcher, on tLc fiv**r Alth, 50 m w (>v i»'l\rjpviU. Jiibfiit':, .1 town of Lower Saxony, in tlic ilnchy t ;' Miclcltnbnrg, on a hiy of the ihltic, itcir the influx of the lUc- kenii/,, 15 m • t*. Uoflock. • Itic/itlitu, a t(nvn of France, in the dcpartpicnt »>i Indre and Loire fonml. «d by I itilinal Richelieu in 16,7, and feated on tlip Amabic and Vide, .^o m Hsw 'rums. I'ic/imontl, fho capital of Virginia, in Iletirlco county, on the if lidc of Jamen rivir. The public buildings arc an cpiC- copal cliurch, a Itatchonl.', and court- honfe. llcri* is a lloating toll brid ;e ov( r the river ; and tlic talla above the bridge arc 7 m in length. VfllLl* of burden lie at City I'oint, :o m below, to uhich goods tVnrn Hichnu)nd .nef^nt down in boalo. In lUii, the theatic here w is deftioyed by fir<', wl.ich com- menced during a time of performaiiee, and many lives were iolt. Richmond is ua m H8W Alexandria. Lon. 77 5, w, hit. J 735 K. liiclimond, a borough in N Yorkfliire, governed by a inaror, with a mai i;( t on Satnvday. It was enclofed by a wall, witl) thtec gates, now in ruins; and has a calile, on an inaccenibte mount, and two churches. It is the capital of a diftrift called Kichmondfliire, which al)Ounds in lead mines, and was former- ly a county of itielf. Richmond has a maiiufaciture of woollen tlockincs, i- ips, &c. It is feated on the Swile, over which is a bridv;e, 4* m .n'w York, and a;,o NNw London. Lon. i ;,5 w, lat. 5428N. RidimoHdy a village in Surry, with a britlgc over the Tlnmes, 9 m v/.sw Lon- don. It Vv..8 ancier'vly called Sheen; but tieury \ ii called it Richmond, on iiccouh': of his having been earl of Rich- mond I • Yorkihire Here was a palace, in wlucli Edward in, Henry vii, and qneen Kliihbeth expired. Richmond is (till diftingnifhed by its brantil'ul royal gardens, in which is an ol^fervatory ; and it3 extcnlivo royal park, lurroundcd by a brick wall, built by Charlea i. Rickinuuikvorth, a town in Hcrtford- fliire, with a market on Saturday, fe.it- cd on the Coin, 8 m £w St- Alban, and 18 wxw London. ■A 4'- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I UUi 12.5 lU 140 11:25 i u 1^ 1.6 V2 /a / ^\^»^ % > Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 RIM Wcla, a town of Spain, in Aragon, on the river Xalt)n, a8 m whw SaragoflHi. RiJe, a town in Haoipthire, on the ME coaP of the ifle of Wight. It I is a daily intorc >urfe by packet-boats with Portfinouth, anJ fends to that place abundance of butter, e j?g«, and poultry. It ifl 5 m saw Portfrnuuth, and 6 rnk Newport. Hidjffield, a town of Connedlicut, in Fairfield county, lituate on an crninrri'-e, 14 m KW Fairfi«ld, and 48 nnk Nkw York. R'ledlhi^en, a town of Suabia, in the rluchy of WirtembtTg. li-'ated on the Danube, 15 vn sw Ulm. Rletberg, a town of Weftphalia, ca- pital of a county of the fame name, with ^ caftle. It is fituate on the Ems, 17 m w by N faderborn. Lon. 8 3a e, lat. 51 45 N Rirtlt a town of Italy, in the duchy ofSpoleto, and a biihop'a loe. Befide the cathedral, it contains three colle- giate and fix parifh churches, and 12 convents. It is feated on the Velino, near the lake Uieti, 37 m ne Rome. Lon. 13 5 E, lit 42 a.^ N. Rietix, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper Garonne, and lately a bifhop's fee It is feated on the Rife, 25 m ssw Touloufe. liUz, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Alps, and lately a bifliop's fee It is feated in a plain abounding with wine and fruit, 20 m ssw Digne. Riga, a government of Ruflia- See Livonia. Riga, a ftrong town of Ruflia, capital of the government of Livonia, and, next to Peterlburg, the moft commercial place in the cv. pire. It ftands on the Dwina, 15 m fium its mouth, in a gulf of the Baltic, called the gulf of Riga, or Livonia. The trade is chiefly carried on by foreign merchants, who are refi- dcnt here, and thofe belonging to an En- glifh fa^ory enjoy the greateft fliare of the commerce. The principal exports are corn, hemp, flax, iron, timber, mafts, leather, and tallow. Within the fortifi- cations are 9000 inhabitants, and in the fuburbs 15,000, befide a garrifon of 1000 men. Here is a floatinjf wooden bridge, over the Dwina, 2600 feet long and 40 broad : in winter, when the ice lets in, it is removed; and in fpring it is re- placed. Riga is 2JO m NE Konigfberg, and 310 sw Pcterlburg. Lon. 24 15 e, lat. 56 so N. Rimini, a town of Italy, in Romagna, with an old caftle, a ftrong tower, and many remains of antiquity. The f«a RIO having receded from the town for fame centuries, the harbour now will admit only fmall veflels. Rimini was the firit town that behsld Cefar in arms againft his country, after having paflVd the Ru- bicon. It is feated in a fertile plain, ut the mouth of the M ) lat. 5 31 s. Rio Grandtf a river in the s part of Brafil, which runs w into the Para- na, being the principal branch of that river. Rio Grande^ a river that rifes in the Sierra Leone, and flows through the kingdom of Biguba, into the Atlantic. It is navigable for boats 400 miles. Rio de la Hacha, a feaport of Terra Firma, in the province of Venezuela, at the mouth of a river of the fame name^ 100 m NwMaracaybo. Lon. 72 34 w, lat- II 30 N. Rio Janeirt, a river of Brafil, which enters the Atlantic ocean, at St. Sebaf- tian, the capital of Br»fil. It is rather a fmall gulf or bay, as the water is fait ; for though it receives tw6 rivers, their waters are not fufiicient to form the* bay which is called Rio Janeiro. At ^^s mouth are feveral fmall iflands, w .ch render the entrance difficult and dan- gerous. On the ft. fid« of it is the f»rt Si R of Santa Cruzi and St Jago, together Hio Janeiro, one finces of Brafil, lyin Capricorn, on a rive It prod jces cotton cocoa, pepper, inr with abundance of fr but no bread- corn here have no whea brought from Portu neum for bread, caflada in plenty country confift in ni precious ftones. T fuchplent, , that a c is allowed to be which is fometime than a month capital. Rio de Miranda which rifes in the rias, feparates that f cia, and enters the Ribadeo. Rio del Norte,^ a 11 the fource of which diftriftonti\e n bor< The extent of its co 2000 m ; but it cai termed a navigable fand bars in the flat in the upper part of s through the who Mexico into New Si e and SB till it ente ico, in Ht. 25 30 n. Rio de la Plata ; Riobamba, the ca] in the kingdom of dun Mifnia, wiifc a caf abandlbaie bridge tt SE Leipzic. Rtcia-wajf, 9 town Morns county, 00 a »jmvby wMorrift fieckbridg^ti (ee Ct tUtktnhMufen, a tc W deikaniwiDt ftf HOC uint s of the fourcei of the MlfTour!, 9.nd flowt above looo m ne to that river, which it enters in lat. ^8 o n, wht;re its mouth is 300 yards widet ex* chifive of a large fand-lwr. The w^ttr ji of a yellowifli brown colouri itnd ih'- ftienm divided by numeroui idaiidii and Ihoais. In 1806, the greutell part of its courfe was defcended by captain Clark. Jioc/ielUt a fortified fraport of Franoe» and a bithop't fee, in the department of Lower Chi.rente. The h4)nli>6 are fup* ported by piazzas, and the haven is fur- rui.nded by a prodigious mole» 44^2 feet in extent. The inhabitants curry on a conliderable trrde; efpecially in winet brandy, fugar. fait, uaper, linen, and fergcs. Kochelle is feated on the bay of Bifcay, 67 m 8 by b Nantes, and a^o iiw Paris. Lon. i 10 w, lat. 46 9 n. Rochemaure, a town of France, in the department of Ardeche. feated on the Rhone , 8 m NNE Vivien. lioc/iejftr, a city in K<'nt, governed by a mayor, with a market on Friday. Itit caftle, now in ruins, once render*^ it of great importance ; and here alfo are fome remains of a priory. The fpring afTizes are held here and at Miid- ilone alternately. Kocheftrr is a biihop's fee, and has, bNcfide the cathedral, two parilhrs-churches. The number of in- habitant! in 1 80 1 was 6ti7; and in 181 1, iocludiog Chatham, the number was si,722. It has two frcefchools, one called the Kings, and the other the City SJnol, Here ia an hofpital liberally endowed for la poor people '*ro an aloibouie for 6 poor traveilere^ who are fupplied for c/ie night with lodging, entertajnoent, and fourpence; an in- fcription o?er the door intimating, that rogues and prodors are excepted- Ro- chefter is parted from Stroud on the w by its bridge* and is contiguous to Chat« ham on the e. It is feated on the Med- way, zi m wNw Canterbury, and 29 E8£ London. Lon. p j6 e, lat. 5 1 23 v. Roehettat a tovn of the county of Nice, i6m NE Nice. Rothfordt a town in ECTex, with a market on Thurfilay, 16 ra se Cheliss* ford, and 49 G by ir London. Rtchlitz, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, wiik a caftle on a rock, and a bandlbmc bridge over the Muldai 24 B> SE LeipziC' Rtciawa^, a town of New^crfey, \n Morris county, on a river qi lU naoic, 15 m w by w Morriftpwq. Recibrid^ei fee Cftlar Great, JMtnhMufetft a town of Fmnce, in W dei^anaaieiDt aI Miwt TonofrrCy ROD latflv of Oermany. in the palatinate of the Rhine, 26 m w Worrtu RocJ^ford, a town of N Carolina, In Wilkes county, feaied on the YidkiOf 33 m E by N Wilkes. Roekinffham, a town of N Carolina, chief of Richmond county. It i« featccl on an cmiiitme. 6 m e of Great Pcdce river, and 46 wnw F.»y»;ttfville. RocHngham, a lown ofVnginia, chief of a cd'iiity of the f^nic na'iie. It is fltuate on a branch of the Shenandoah, 40m sw Woodltock, and 53 CNfc Hath. Roeking/iam, :. town in Notthamp- ton(hire. with a nvirket on TLurlday. It had an ancient cilllc, long ago de- molifli^'d; and its furefl was r^rkoned one of the iarpeft and richci: in the kingdom. It is felted on the Well/ind, 12 in 8 Oakham, and (3 n by w Lon- don Rtciy Mountt « town of Virginia, chief of Franklin county. It is leated near the fourc; of the Staunton, 35 m sw New London, and 140 w Peter f- burg. Roeroy, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ardennes, celebrated for a viftory gained over the Sp.iniardn. in 1643. It is feated in a plain, i'urround- cd by forefts. 26 m n Rethel. Rodachs a town of Upper Saxony, in the principality of Coburg, on a river of the fame name, 9 m mw Coburg. Rodbjft a feaport of Denmark, in the iflaud of Laland. The p Hiflar, ana aR y. : i • :Vi. ./ ROK Tt$Jo/lf>. a <■ .Tport of European Tur- key, i;i U.jfi..inii. aiul • r.rp»'k bilhop's f«e. I> •' i'< att-d on ttn Ii'lr e(t produtfl '> of the illand h the land turtle, which arc iu great abundance. On the N fide is a bay that affords fecure (hclter for (hipit, and ample TuppliL's of wood and water. Lon. 63 o v., lat. 19 30 s. lioer, a river of Germany, which rifes in the duchy of Weflphalia, flows by ArcnfbtTg, Schwcrtc, Werden, and Duyfburg, and enters the Rhine at Roerort. Roer, a new department of Fratw(! of Hindooftan, in Bengal, capital of the circar of Pa- chtte. It i6 126 m nw Calcutta. Lon. 86 47 K, lat 23 32 N. Roha ; fee Or/a. Rohaczov), a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Minfk. fcatcd on the Diieiper, .tttheinfluxof theDroutz, i 20 m SE Minlk Lon. 3* 20 e, lat. 53 2 n. Rohan, a town of France, in the de- partment of Morbihan, feated on the Aouft, 20 m N Vunnes. RohUcundy or Rohillot a territory of Hiridooftan Proper, whofe inhabitants are called Rohillas. It lies to the ! of Delhi, and is fubjedt to the nabob of Oudr, by whom, with the .ifTiflance of the Britiih, it wai coriqucr«;d in J774; Bereilly is the capital. Rokitzan, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of PUfcn, with good cloth manu* ROM faAurei and a trade in iron, 7 m e by n Pilftn. Rolduc, a town of the Netherlandj, in the late duchy of Limburg, 10 m sw Juliers. Rom, an ifland of Denmark, on the t. coalt of S Jutland, 7 m long and nearly 3 brond. it contains a few villages. Romagna, a province of Italy, bound- ed on the N by Ferrarel'e, e by the gulf of Venice, s by Tufcany and Urbino, and w by Bologncfe and Tufcany. It is fertile 'n corn, wine, oil, and fruit; and has alfo mines, mineral waters, and falt-works, which make its principal revenue. This province lately belonged tc the Kcclefiadical State, but is now a part of the kingdom of Italy. Ravenna 18 the capital. Romainmotier, a town of Swifferland, in Pays de Vaud^ capital of a bailiwic, with a caftle ; feated in a narrow valley, through which flows the river Diaz, n m sw Yverdun. Romanij a town of European Tiir< key, in Moldavia, and a bif hop's fee; feated on the Siret, 50 m wsw JafTy. Romanim, a province of Turkey in Europe, aco m long and 130 broad; bounded on the N by Bulgaria, sbythr Black fea, s by the fea of Marmora and the Archipelago, and w by Macedonia. It was formerly called Thrace, and is the largeft of all the Turkifh provinces in Europe. It is fruitful in corn, anJ has mines of filver, lead, and alum. It is divided into three f'angiacates, the ca- pitals of which are Philippopoli, Galli- poll, and Conftantinople. Romano^ a town of Italy, in Berga- mafco, on a river that runs between the Oglio and Serio, 11 m sse Bergamo. Romans, a town of France, in the de- partment of Drome, on the Ifere, i% m sw Grenoble, and 30 s Vienne. Rome, a city of Italy, in Campagna di Roma, capital of the Ecclefialtical State, and the refidence of the pope. It is the ancient Latium, and one of the flneft and moft famous cities in the world, fituate on feven hills and the in- termediate valleys, along the banks ot the Tiber, over which it has four bridges. The walls arc of brick, in which are rj gates ; and its whole circuit, including that part beyond the Tiber and all be- longing to the Vatican, is upward of 16 m. It is computed to contain 180,000 inhabitants, which, though greatly in- ferior to what it could boaft in the days ot its ancient power, is confiderably more than it could number at forae for- mer periods fince the fall of the empire. Soms of the principal ftrccts are of con- ROM rulcnble length, and ptrfedlly ftrnijjht. Tint called the Corfo ii the moft frc- (|uentcd. Hi-re thf nobility ililplay thi-ir equipi^'^'H dtirinj? the cariiivnl, and take the air Ml till- evenings, in fair weather. The (hops on <'ach lide are 3 or 4 ket higher than th»" ftrcot; and thrre in a path f(»r foot palfengt'rB, on a level with the Ihops. The pahtces, of whieh there are leveral in this (treet, nngc in a line with the hmneB, having no conrts be- fore them The Strada del Habiiino, Sirada lei de Ripetta, Stra«la Telice, and Strada di Porta I'ia, are alio very long and noble Itrcof s. The chief fquarcs arc the Piriv.x Navona. Pia/./.;^ d'Kfpap- na, Pl.t'-., « C'olonna, Pia/za del Mont»; Citorio. arui Piaz/a dol Popolo, which are furrounded with handfhmt! build- ings, and have fountains or obelilk'; in their ar -a. There are no lamps iightc^l in the f^u■et8 at nipht ; and all Rome wo I'd be in utter darknel's, were it not j for the ca'idlc.H whicn the devotion of individuals foinetimes place before the ft^tues of the Virgin: thcfe appca.- giimmering, at vaft intervali, like ftars in a cloudy night. Rome exhibit! a ftrange mixture of magnificent anH in- ttredingi and of common and beggarly objects; the former confifts of palaces, churches, obelifks, fountains, and the remains of antiquity; the latter com- prehends all the reft of the city. The church of St. Peter, in the opinion of many, furpalfes in magnitude, elevation, lopulence, and beauty, every edifice in exiftence, or on record. It was begun Ito be built iu 1508, fininied in 1621, land is entirely covered both within and without with marble. The length is hlo feet, the breadth 510, and the [height, fi'om the pavement to the top lof the crofs that crowns the cupola, I450. The high altar is 90 feet in height, land of extraordinary magnificence ; it IHands under the centre of the cupola land over the tomb of St. Peter. A Icnmpiete defcription of this church, land of its ftatues, hafTo-relievoH, co- llumns, and various other ornaments, p'ould fill volumes. The cathedral of iSt. John Lateran, the Romatis fay, is the |p»rent and mother of all churches. To jthis church every new pope goes in jmagnificent proceffion, to take polTef- Ifion of the holy fee. The Pantheon, yn&ed above lao years before the Chriaian era, to ths honour of all the Ns, is the moft perfcdl of the Ro- pan temples that now remain ; and, Nwithflanding the depredations it has [iiftained from Goths, Vandals, and ope», isitiU a noble monument of Ro- noM ruan tafto. Tlic pavilion of the great altur of St. Peter, and the four wreathed pillars of Corinthiiin brats that fupport It, wi'i\' formed out of the fpoils of the Pantheon, which h.m ftill a probability of outliving its proud cipaciouB rivai. This heathen temple, about the year 609, was made a chrillian temple, de- dicated to the Virgin, and has obtained, froiU It^ circular form, the name of the Uotonda. The lieijjht is 150 feet, the diameter the fame, and the <:upola,w!iicli cnnvtiM it, is an cxa.5t hemilphere. It in paved and lined with marble, and lighteil i'olejy frcm a central optninjj In the dome. The amphitheatre of Velpafiari and Til j, now called the Colii'eum, is the moft (lupendouH rnonunv;pt of an- tiquity in Rome: about one half of the exte. Old circuit ftill remains; from which an idea may be formeil of the original ftru^ture, and by computation it could contain H 5,000 fpectators. Hut the an- tiquities of Rome arc too numerous to be minutely defcribed ; thai the ancient Forum, now a market for cattle ; the column of Trajan, the arch of Conftan> tine, the tomb of I'eftiiw, the baths of Caracalla, &c. mufl be palTed over. The Campidoglio, built by iMlchael An- gelo, is a beautiful ftrudture, ftanding on the fite of the ancient capitol, fo long the centre of the empire of the world. The body of this palace is the refidcnce of the fenators of Rome, and the wings are inhabited by the magi- Urates. The pope has three Aiperb palaces, of which the principal is the Vatican, near St. Peter s church : the library of this palace is deemed the largeft in the world, and rich, efpecially in manuicripts, in all languages and of all ages. In Rome the connoifleur will meet with innumerable paintings by the greateft mailers, and with the fineft works of fculpture, ^c. Befide the univerfity, which confifts of feveral no- ble colleges, ♦here arc numerous acade- mies and literary focieties. The cattle of St. Angelo ferves mort to keep the city in awe, than to repel any foreign attack. Several fine gardens and villas are within the ancient walls of the city, contributing much to its coolness and beauty ; and many others, with feveral grand objedls of antiquity, are in the fuburbs and neighbourhood, which give the immediate environs an uncommon fhare of amenity and intereft. Rome was entered, in 1798, by the French, and they fent away a greit number 6f the molt valuable ftatues and paintings; in 1799, it was retaken by the allies; and in 1809, it became fubjeft to FrancL*. z R 1 ^:.'j ?li' 1 noM 0«e BetU/s/tiial Stalt. Rome U 1 1 o m Nw N4pleif 410 iMw VicuiMi rnd 6«o »g Puia- Lon. i» 19 B| Ut. 41 54 ^' R»mt, u town of KfW York, in Her- kemer county, on the ■ of which U Fort Stanwis. It ftanda nt>jir Woud crark, which ii bontnble to lake Ondda, n>id ncAr the head of Mohawk river \ be* tween whole waters there it here * port- age of a mile. It ii ta m nc Oneida, and 6t Nw Albany. Lon. 74 56 w, lat. 43 UN. Rommayt t town of Fnnce. in the department of Saone and Loire, 15 m «NK Macon. RtmtrAadtt a town of Moravia, in the neighbourhood of which are fome iron minei. It is ao nn nne OIniutz Rtmettat a town of Sicily, in V«t di Demona, 9 m w by s Mrffina. RotH/brJ, a town in EITex, with a market on Tuefday for hogs. caWei. and (hccp, and on Wednefiiay for cattle, corn, &c. It it 1 a m itNB London. RomhUJ, a town of Franconia, in the county of Henneb«rg, with a caftlci 13 m a Meinungcn. Rcmkala, a town of Syria, with the remaina ofan aacient and ftron^ cadle, in whid) ar; two thurchea. It ii feated on the Euphra^ci, at the influx of the Simeren, 85 m «Ma Aleppo. Rtmnmt a town of Ruflia. in the go- vernment of Tchemigof, 88 m bse Tchernigof. Romnfjf, a town of Virginia, chief of Hsmpihu'e county. It is feated on the w fide ot the >w branch of the Potomac, go m w by N Winchefter. Lon. 79 5 w. lat. g9 10 N. iRomnf^t NtWf a town in Kent, with a market on Thurlday. It is one of the cinque- ports, and once contained five oburchcs and a priory; but Hnce the iea has retired. U is much reduced. Old Roroney, now a fmall place, is a mile to the w, and v^as the origitul port. The new town is feated on a hill, in Romney marOi, t% m sw Dover, and ft ssXon- -don. Lon. o 56 r, lat. jo 59 n. Romiuy Marjb, a traA in the moft fouthem part of Kent, between Dungc- ■eft and Rye haven, defended from the fea by a ftrong embankment, called Dymchurch Wall. It ia ao m long and 8 broad, conbining about 50,000 acres •f firm land, and forae of the rioheft ^fture in England. Vaft flocka of fteep, and herds of cattle, are frttcned here to an extrAir}rdinary fize, andlient hence to the London market- It has two towns and iq pariflias, which were ia- corporatcd ia ihatAig^ of &Kraid iTy RO(i by the name of a bailiff, 14 jur.iti, the commonalty of Komnry Marlh. Rom0Hi, a town of 8wi(Gerl«nd, lntli»| canton of Friburg, fcaled un a inout.I tain, torn NW Fribiirg. RomorentiHt a town of France, in tbt I department of Loir and Cher, with a rajtle, and nianufaAures of fergcuind cloths I feuted on the .Saudre, a6 nt u| Bluis, and 40 t by w Orleans. Hom/dalt a town of Norway, capihll of a province, in the government oil Drontlieim. It is loo m sw Drontbcia.| Lon. 7 54 a, Ist. 61 28 m. Ramj'ey, a town in Hampihire, p.\ vemed by a mnyor, with a market ogl SAlut'day, a manufaAure of (halooiii,! and feveral paper-mills. Here wuil confidcrable abbey for BeoediAinc nuis,! of which little is now landing, cxcrfti the fpacious church. It is feated on iJxl Andover canal and the river Ted, ii| vw Southampton, and 7j w by ( 'oi-i don. R»nervallt$t a tovm of Spain, la Nt- varre, fituate in a valley, to which it gives name, 14 m mnk Pamplona RtMciglioMt a town of Italy, is tJKl patrimony of St. Peter, with a fortiitii cattle} feated on theTereia, oearaiik of the fame name, s8 m hmw Rootl Lon. I a jtc, lat. 4a 18 n RonJa, a town of Spain, in OranMi, feated r:ar the Ouadiavo, on au d ▼ated and extenfi''e plain, furrouaddll by a double enoloiure of rocks. Tl environs are fertile in corn, and aboi in apples and pears. Near it are ruins of t lie city of Acipino, vuigvi] called Old Ronda, among whicii thofe of a large Roman ampbitbci and an aqueduA. Ronda is 4} Malaga, and 43 ;< by ^ Gibraltar. 10 5 9W. lat. 3646 N. RoMte^ a feaport of Denmark, is ifland of Bornholm, and the refii' of the governor. The harbour is foitil fied. but not deep. Lon. 14 55 ^ 55 10 K. Rontteburgt a town and caftle of anoe of the iAIwi which feparates Gibraltar from tke tinen'^- Here are ievcral betteriet, a fort at each eod, to defend the which run actrofs the ifthmus. it on the top of a hill, oveclookiof bay, 17 m vt .Tariffa,.and 5B sbC Rtg^i^rtf a town of f rancc< io department of Landes, feated 00 Douefe, is^m jmie .^ont de Mail* R9§wmttunt county of Ireland, in j the province of Connrughf., 50 m long and i% broad ; bounded on the n by 8n];o and Lei trim, e by Lungford and W iMcath, s by Galway, and w by Gilwfj and Mayo. It contains about U6,ooo inhabitants, is divided into 59 pariihts, and fends two members to par- iiiment. It is a tolerably '*vfl country, producing excellent corn and pafture, 1 yet there are fome exttn 'jve bogs. Roj'ceni.'noat a borough of Ireland, I Mpital of the county of the fame name. I The caftlc was razed to the ground in *i7h and of iti oaonaftic fbundationa there are but few rcmaina. It Is 88 01 w by N DubliO' Lon. d 4a w, lat. 53 J4 »• Hofcrea, % town of Ireland, in Tip* perary. Three m to the »b ii the ruin of an abbey, lingular for ics flMiation on a dry ifl.ind, uf about two acres, in the centre of a large bog. It is to m wsw Maryborough, and is n Ca It Is feated on the biy of Rofes, in the Mediterranean, 37 nr nb Corona. Lon. 3 7 a, lat. 4a 17 M. Ho/ettat or Hafchid% a town of Egypti one of the plealhnceft in the country. It has a great manufo^re of ftriped and other coarfe linens; but the chief bufinefs is the carriage of goods toCairo | for all European merchundiie is brought hither from Alexandria by fra. The rice grown in its vicinity, QtXWAfultanit is chiefly fcnt to Conltantinople, and iti exportation to any other place is prohi- bited. Rofbtta was taken by the Frenck invaders, in 1798. It (lands on an ifland, formed by the w branch of the Nile, 25 m enb Alexandria, and 100 nvw Cairo. Lon. 30 23 E, lat. 31 2j N. Rq^He, a town of SamogitiBf *vhere the provincial diet and court of iudica* ture are held. It is feated on the Du- biOe, 70 m s Mittau, and 188 ne War- faw. Lon. 43 4< b, lat. 55 3° »• Rofiers aux Salines t a town of France, in the department of Meurte, formerly Cf:iebrated for its falt-works ; ftfated on t'le MeurtCi 9 m se Nancy. Rq/lin, a village of Scotland, 8 m ■ Edinburgh, on the river N Eflc. Here are the remains of a caftle, on an almofk infulated rock ; and a beautiful chapel, which is one of the moft entire pieces of Gothic architecture in Scotland. Rofoi/, a town of France, in the de- partment of Seine and Marne, with a magnificent c^ilile, 16 m ene Melun^ and 30 SB Paris. Ro/st a town in Herefordfliire, with a market on Thurfday. It owes moft at its improvements and charitable inftitu- tions to Jobn Kyrlc, commonlf calle4 it'l R OS the Man cF Rofs, whofi- brtirvutcnt cha> tt&vT ii parts, and llandiion a mountain, by the river I'aubcr, from which it it rnpplicd with water by means of a machine. It lu< hv«> chnrchri, was lately an irnpr* rial town, and is 1 j m wnw Anfpach. Lui). 10 18 E, 1,-it. 49 aa f. Hother, a river that rifes in SuflTcx, formi the boundary between that couno ty and Kent for a (hort fpacc,and enters tne Englifli channel at Kye- Itothtrham, a town in W Yorkfliire, with a market on Monday. It has a Urge church, and is famous for confi- dt^rable iron-works in the vicinity, at .Mafbrough. It is featcd at the conflux of the Itother with the Don, jams Leeds, and 139 n by w London. Roth/ay, a borough of 8cotl.\nd, in the iilu of Bute, and capital of Bute- fliire. Here is an ancient caftle, once a royal palace, which gives the title of duke to the heir apparent of the crown. Ithasaconflderabletrade in the herring fiihery, and feveral cotton works. The number of inhabitants was 3544 in 1811. It is ntuate on the e fide of the idand, and has a good harbour and pier, 80 m w bysEdinburg. Lon. 4 53 w, lat. 55 48N- Hothweil, a town of nuabia, lately imperial, but given, in 1802, to the duke of Wirtembtrg- Two m to the s is Rothmunfter abbey, where they receive none but noble women. Kothwtli is feated on the Neckur, near its fource, J7 m ssw Tubingen. Lon. 8 37 b, lat. 48 8 N. Rottenmann, a town of Germany, in Stiria, with a college of n gular canons, aom NNw Judenburg. Roiterdantt a city of S Holland, with notr on« of the Ancft harbuuri In the Ne* iherlands. It is thr molt conndcrablc place in Holland, for the beauty of it» buililings, and trade, next to Amfter* damt and its Inhabitants .ire computed at 48,000 Its port l» more trcijurnted than Amfkerdam | and then- irr !<• nuny deep canals, that (hips may unload at the very door* of thr warehou(*'S. On the K lidr of thr city la a large bafin and dock, for tin* purpofe (»l buiUtitii; and launching vrHcN employed in the lervice of thr .idniiralty and the Eaft- India (onipiny. The townhoufe, the bank, and the arfenal, arc magnificent. Some of the h(nirf» are built in the old Sp.inilh Itylc, with thi- gabl<* end« ein* battled ill front \ but then* iit a great number of modirrn brick houf<». which are lofty and Ipacioim, p.iitictilarly on th.it magnificent (piay calird the Bomb Ti-ei. On this i|uay ii a handfutnr lynagogiie. A tlatiir of Krafmu*. in bion/.c, tlaiidg at the h)'ad of one of the canali ; and on the home in whicli he was born ib an infcription to his ho« nonr. Rotterdam n-ceived the French troiipn ill 1795. It is Ifiitcd at the in- flux of the Rotte with the M. rwe (the moll luirthern branch of tht Mfuli*) 30.. m N.sw AmIlcrdam. Lon. 4 £9 u, lat M 56 N. Hottrrdam, one of the Friendly iflands, in ^hc Pacific ocean, difcovered by Tafinan in 1643. I. on. 174 30 w, lat ao 16 s. RottingtH, a town of Francnnia, in the principality of VV'urtzbure, Qtuatc on IheTauber, 17 ms Wurtzuur^. Roueftt a city of France, capital of the department of Lower Seine, and an archbiihop's fee. It ftandb on the n fide of the Seine, and is 7 m in circuit; and (its fix f'uburbs included) is com- puted to contain 73,oou inhabitants. The ftreets arc narrow and crooked, and confilt of wooden houlei ; not- withflanding which, it is one of the mofl opulent and commercial places !n France. Among the public buildings, the mod didinguidied are, the great ball of the palace, the old calUe, and the principal church, ornamented with three towers. Near this church, which is not the only remarkable one, is t*^e public library In the market-place u the datue of the celebrated Maid of Orleans, who was burnt here by the Englifh for a witch The fuburb ot St. Sever, Htuate on the other fide of the Seine, communicates with the city by a bridge of boats, which is made to open, fo as to admit the paffage of diipa. Rouen is the birthplace of the w iull ' ir ROX (w« Camtiltn, aon*, ovrr which it a hHdg*t ilcfvnd- (t by « AroiiK cliMlet- ll hj« a vrry conflUrra'U tratir In ^\k, and much t 'rnm the onc« ntaKMiAecni city ani caftle of Roxbtirg, fituate between ihr I'eviot and the Tweed, nea'ly op^viftte KrlAi . of the city few traces are now evident | atid the nilte, near the mouth of IheTc- viol, i. eiitirely a nitn At this caftle, in 1 16 , J imca it of Scitlnnd loA hit life by the burfting ot a cannon. About a m w from the caltle, nn ihc banks uf the 'IVv'Dt, if a vllUire cilled Koaburg. The pretcnt capital uf the cuur,ty u Jc'l'iurg. lUAxry, a town of MinCichufrtl*, In Norlulk county, iidi ttr at the foot of 4 hill, aril lit Ihc rntraiuTi- of the nerk of bnd leatliiig lu Bofton, a ni a«w of that io«»n. Itoj^an, a town of France, in the de- Jnrtment of l.ower < harcnte- It wn nrtlfietl by the HugU'iMitA, and lo vi< f'orouny defended ugainlt Lewit xiii, n lAaa, that he was obliged to with< draw his tronui : but he afterward Aveu>;rd hii dilgracc. by demolilliiig it lb entirely, that the prrl«'nt place it merely the fuburhs of the former. It is (eattd at the mouth of the Oaronnf, 18 m aw Salutes- /foy/, a town of Frnnce, in the de* partnfii nt of Somme, a6 m ai Amieni, Nojk/Jou, a town in Hertford (hire, w>th a market on Wednrfilay, Part of the town extendi intu C'amhridxelhire. Under the market place is a kind of fubterranean cript, diiK out of the folid chalk, fuppof^d to he of Saxon con* ftru^ion. It is 14ms Cambridge, and 37 V London. Huabon* a town of Wale*, in Den< bighfhire, with a market on Mond.iy. In the vicinity arv confiderable col* lieries. It ftands near the Ellefmerc canal, 5 m s by w Wrexham, and if» Nw London- lluatatit or liattMn, an ifUml of New Spain, in the hay of Hnnduran, 15 m from the coaft. It ia ^o m long and 9 broad, and has a good harbour, called Port Royal, near the a a end. Lon. di 50 w, lat. 16 ao N. ftuhicfH, an ancient river of Italy, which givcf name to a department in the French divilioo of that country. See FiurnettHo- Rubielot, a town uf Spain, in Aragoa, 36 m SB Teruel. Rmiier»y a town of Italy, m Mudt* nele. feated oo tbc Scccia, 8 m mW ModfBfi. Hmltiw, I town of Pr«f the lJpj)rr cowniy «>< tSihtvurtxtnirg, with % nnr CiiAIr on « mmintain. ft hN* manu- fadiKc* of flannel und fliifl''t, ntul {• feat* ((I t)n thr !f V\\-iulr!t, with a cattle. Ili-rc i» a i(fre lhc prince h.u .1 p^Uce liirrouiitieil by a tnick w.ill. It it H'uaie on a river, which Howa into the Black fea below Anarghia, 70 in wMw Cutaia. Lua. 41 so K, Lit 4) 5 N. Hum. an ilUud of Scotland* one of the llebridri, 7 m w of ihe • e^trcmitr offlkyr. It i4 8 m long ai d (\ broadf the furfa :e hilly an«l rocky ; but it fcedt a conlidciable number of f'mail Iheep, whofe n<-fh and wool are valuable. TI10 only harb'iur u Loch Skrefort, on the R coaft, at the extremity of which it the village of Kinloch. Lon. 6 15 w, Ut. 57 4". Humixny, a town of Franni', in the department of Ardennes, i% la aw Uo- croT. Humilltf, a town of Savoy, on an ele- vated plain, at the conflux oCthu Scram and Neplia, 7 m wsw Anmcy. Hummeljburjf, ■ t(»wn of Further Po« merania, with manufaAurct of cloth, li-nted on the Wipper, 14 m « New Stettin. Itumnf^, or HhyttM, .1 river of Wales, which rile* in Brecknocklhire, and (t- paratingthe counties ofOlamorgan and Monmouth, enters the Briflol channel^ to the HE Cardiff. Hungpour, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal. The chief produce of itt fer- tile didriA is rice, but there is alfomncU tobacco, und fotne indigo. It is 124 ni NNE Moorfhedabad- Lon. 89 24 K,lat. liunket, a town of Weftphalia, with a citadel, on a hiyh hill, formerly the re- fidence of the counts of Wied-Uunkel. It is feated on the Lahn, 14 m inc NafTau. Hupelmandet a town of the Nether^ lands, in Flanders, feated on the Scheldt, oppofite the influx of the Rupel, 8 tr^ tw Antwerp. Rtipert, a river of New Britain, which iffijcs from the lake Miftaffin, and flows w into the »E p«irt of Jtmes tiay. In ita conrfe it forms it vera! fmall lakes $ and at iti mouth U the remain of Fort Riv n ■i •' I 'J:^^ uus pert, fotmcrly a (i-itlrmentof the Hud- fon Bay Company- Lon. 76 58 w, lat. 51 ^ N. Uuppin, a town of biandenbuig, in the Middle mark, capital of a circle of the fame name, which was formerly a county. It ftai dd on the w fidt of a Jake, formtd by the rivr Hhin ; and on th. oppolite lide of the lake is Old III .pin, with WW ancient caltle, the re- fidriicc of th*.' former counts, whofe burial.pl?ce itt at New Kitppin. This town wap entirely condimid by fire, in 1787, but i-^ r'-'huiit m • hrindlbme man- nc! and greatly auguu'ured. It has a coiiiidi rable trade, a mnnufadure of cLih, and noted breweries. It is 32 m NNW Berlin Lon. 13 o t, lat. 52 56 11. Ruremondc. or lioamonde^ a ftrong town of France, in the department of Roer, I'lielyof Aiiilrian Gelderland, and abifhop'ft ler. I has been taken fevcral times ; particiii mon ; and there are mines of fine filver, copper, iron, and other minerals. The red and black juchte, or Ruffia leather, for colour, fmell, and foftnefs, cannot be equalled in any other part of the world; and there are manufactures of linen, woollen ftuffs, velvet, and filk: alfo brafs, iron, fteel, and tin are wrought ; and great guns, arms, wire, cordage, canvas, paper, parchment, candles, faltpetre, gunpowder, glafs, &c. are made in Ruflia. This country affords a variety of commodities that are of great ufe 10 foreigners, and as its exports greatly exceed the imports, there is a confiderable annual balance of trade iti its fav'>ur The home com- modities are (n es, black furs, the flcins of black and white foxes, ermines, hyenas, lynxes, bears, panthers, wolves. martens, white hares, &c. likewife Ruf- fia leather and linen, copper, iron, talc, tallow, wax, honey, corn, potafli, tar, linfeed and train oil, caftor, ilinglafs, hemp, flax, thread, Siberian muik, foap, feathers, timber, &c. To thefe commodities may be added almoft all the merchandife of China, India, Perfia, Turkey, and fome European countries. This extenfive empire was divided by Catharine 11 into 41 governments; namely Peterlburg, Olonetz, Wiburg, Revel, Riga, Pfkof, Novogorod, Tver, Smolenflc, Polotflc, Mohilef, Orel, Ka- luga, Mofcow, Tula, Rezan, Volo- dimir, Jaroflaul, Vologda, Archangel, Koftroma, Niznei Novogorod, Kalan, H us Simbirfk, Penza, Tambof, Voroncta, Kurik, Novogorod Severfkoi, Tclier- nigof, Kiof, Cliarkow, Catherinenilaf, Cayafia, 'a.atof, Viatka, Perm, To- bollk, Ufa, Kolivau, and Irkutfh ; all which 1 e, and Siberia ■ The church is governed by a patri, h, under whom are ihe archbiilidps ar men of war { which, added to the remctcncfs of her fituation, rendered tht- influence of HuflTia in the politics of Europe of little confldcrarlon. Peter civilized his barbarous fuhje As, difciplined his ar- mies, built rities iind fortrelTes, and created a navy, Thele national im- Erovtments have hee^i continued lince is time, and Kuflia now holds a rank among the nations of the world, of which human forefinht, at the com- mencement of the eighteenth century, could have formed no conception. In i8iz, this country was invaded by the French and their confederate allies with a well dilciplined army of 300,000 men, under Bonaparte. This mighty hoft met with little oppofition in the early part of its progrefs, the Ruflians gene- rally evacuating their towns, burning the magazines, and dt-ilroying the bridges, &c as they retreated : but at 8moIen(k a great ftand was made, after- ward a dreadful battle fought at Boro- dino, and then .Mofcow given up in flames. This facrifice of the ancient capital, by order of the veteran field- marfhal prince Kutufoff, probably faved the empire ; for the French, not being able to fubfift in the city, nor to obtain fupplies from without, were compelled to make a retreat, i>i which, by war, want, and cold, fcarce 50,000 men efcaped out of Ruflfia: thefe were after- ward abandoned by the prefumptuous chief, who fled in di/guiie for France, and half of them perifhed- The Ruflian ofncial returns of taken, toDecember 25, were 41 generals, 1298 oflicers, 167,510 iion-commiflioned officers and foldiers, and it^i cannon. Hence aboveio6,ooo of the invaders loft their lives in this campaign. Pet rfburg is the metro- polis of the empire. Rujhnburg, a town o£ Lower Saxony, jn the territory of Eichfield, with a caftle, 9 m w Heiligenftadt. liufigaden, a town of Sweden, in the province of Dalecarlia, 23 m ssw Fahlun. Rutcheftery a village in Northumber- land, the Vindobala of the Romans, 6 m N Hexham- The fort has been very confiderable, and the ruins of it are re- jnarkabie. Sevc as' wa|j runs on the middle of the b rampart, and Adrian's RUZ vallum paflTes about the diftance of « chain to thr s of it. liutherfordt a t«wn of N Carolina, chief of a county of the fame namt* . It is fituateoti a branch of Broiid river, 30 m a by R Morgintown, and 60 w Charlotte. HutliergUn, a borough of Scotland, in Lanarliihire, fiated near the Clyde, 3 in SK Glaffow. Ituthin, or Rhuth^n, a corporate tow« of Walls, in Denbigh/hire, with a mar- ket on Mondiy. It had a ftrongcaftle, now in ruins; and the church, before the Refornntiai!, iva;. C'lllegiate, The afli/es for the county are holden here. It is A imall place, re.ttcd on an emi. nence, by the river Clwyd, 16 m ^v by N Wrtxham, and 19a nw London, Lon. ■? 30 w, lat. 53 ,s ><• _ Rrt^igiiano, a t<>wn of Naples, in Terra di Pari, i» m sk Bari. Rutlam, a town in Hindooftan, in thr provincr of Milwi, 48 m w Ougein, and 136 K Amed.^bad. Lon. 74 58 k, lat. 1) 25 N. Rutland^ a town of Vprmont, chief ofacoiutiy o. the fame name. This town and Windfor are alternately the fe«t of th< ftate ^gillature. It Is feated on Otter crtek, 40 m w by n Windfor, and 57 N by e Bennington. Lon. 72 56 w, lat. 43 34 N. Rutland, a town of MatTachHfetts, In Worceftrr county, 14 m nw Worcefter, and 5ft w Bnl>on. Rutland/hire, the rmatleit county of Eiigl.ind, bounded on tht- w and nw by Leictftcrftiire, n and ni by Lincoln- fhire, and s and se by Northampton- fliire It is 15 m long and 1 1 broad, containing 1 28,000 acres ; is divided in- to Ave hundreds, and 5? parifltes ; has two market-towns; and fends two mem. bers to parliament. The number of in- habitants was 16,356 in 1801, and 16,380 in 181 1. The foil varies much; but, in general, is fertile, particularly the rich vale of Catmofe, which runs fmm the w fide to the centre of the county. The principal rivers are the Welland and the Guafh, or Wafli. Oakham is the county-town. Ruttuapourt a city of Hindooftan, in OrifTa, and the capital of one of the Wtfttrn Mahratta chiefs. It is 210 n s by w Benares, and 360 w Calcutta. Lon. 8236 B, lat. 22 16 N. Rutzerit a town of Silffia, in the prin- cipality of Wolau, 20 m N Wolau. Ruva, a town of Naples, in Terra di Bari, 16 m w Ban Ruza, a town of Ruflia, Jn the go- vernment of Mofcow, 48 in www MoU cow. Lon. 36 2 B| bt. j5 46 n. RYS Huatotta, a town of Hindooftan, in Hy^rc, 85 m E Scringapatam, and 98 wfl'v Arcot. Lon. 78 6 e, lat> 11 26 n. Ryatiy Locbt a b Rsf'"* 3 t<^w° of Holland, in Over- yflej, on the river Aegge, 16 m ene S)eventer. Rx/wici, atowDof SHoUandy whece SAB the prince of Orange has a palace. A treaty wasconciudi-d here in j6()7, be- tween England. Germany, Holland^ France, and Spain. It is (bated be- tween Hague and Delft, 30 m sw Amfterdam. Rzeczica, a town of Lithuania, in the pilatJnate of Minfk, at the corflux of the ^^'yedfzwck with the Dnieper. 3ft m ssE Rohaczow. Rzfmien, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Sandomir, 36 m ssw Sandomir. S. Saada, or Saade, a ftrong town of Arabia, in Yemen, and the refidence of a flitik. Here is a cuftomhoufe, which brings in a confiderable revenue; and manufaaures of Turkey leather. It i« 140 m WNw Sanaa. Lon. 44 55 e, lat* 17 50 N. Saalfeld, a town of Upper Saxony, in the principality of Altenburg, with a caftle on a mouatain. Here are manu- factures of cloth, and of gold and filk ftiiifs: it is likewife the mint-town for the circle of Upper Saxony. On an eminence near the town ftands the once princely abbey of St. Peter. In 1806, prince Louis Ferdinand of Pruflia wai killed here in a fkirmifli with the French. It ftands on the Saal, 34 m wne Co- burg, and 46 .sw Altenburg. Lon. 11 32 E, lat. 50 41 N. Saalfeld, a town of E Pruflia, on the lake Mebing, 23 m sk Marienburg. Soar, a town in Moravia, in the circle ofBrunn. on the confines of Bohemia, 42 m NwBrunn. Saarmund, a town of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark, 6ms Potldam. Saatz, a town of Bohemia, capital of a circle of the fame name, which yields hops of the beft quality. It is fitiiatc on the Eger, 48 m wnw Piagiie. Lon. 13 42 E, lat. 50 19 N. Saha, a fertile iiland of the W Indies, 12 m in circuit, inhabited by a few Dutch families, almoft all ihoemakers. It was taken by the Britifti in 1781, in 1 80 1, and in 1 8 10. It has no port, and lies a little to the w of St. Chriftopher. Lon. 63 17 w, lat. 17 39 n. Sabanja, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia. Here all the roads from Afia to Conftantinople meet. It ftands on a lake that abounds in fifli, 60 m ENE Buria, and 6z ese Conftantinople. Lon. 29 40 E, lat- 40 30 V. SabtttKi or SabacKi a town and for> SAB frcfs of Etiropcaii Turkey, in Servia. It wuR taken by the Auftrians in i;i9. Jt is (ituate on the Dravei 2z m s Pe< terwardein, and a8 w Belgrade. Sabbah, a town of Fe/7.ait, noted for the extenflve remains of a caRIe and other edifices in its vicinity; (bated in a rich country, 40 m N Mourzouk. Sabi \ fee XavUr. Sabiaf a kingdom on the coaft of Caf- freria, bounded on the n by Sofala, b by ti\e Mofambique channel, s by In- hambane, and w by Manica- The country is fertile and populous, iscrofT- ed by a river of the fame name, has mines of gold, and many elephants. Manbona is the capital- Sabie, a fe;iport of Denmark, on the E coaft of N Jutland, at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 23 m nne AI- bur^. Lon. 10 18 E,Iat. 57 ao n. ISabinat a province of Italy, in the Ecclelidical State, %i m long and 20 broad ; bounded on the n by Spoleto, E by Naples, 9 by Campagna di Roma, and w by the patrimony of St. Peter. It is watered by fevcral fmall rivers, and abounds in oil and wine. Magliano is the capital. ^ Sabine, a river of Louifiana, which fifes in about lat. 33 n, and flous ssk 300 m to the gulf of \lexico hi lat. 29 50. It forms the boundary, in ihi ; part, between Louifiana and N- w ^paiii. SabioKcello, a town of D..lmatia, in the republic of Ragufa, fituatc on the extremity of a peninfula, to wliich it gives name. This peninfula runs a confiderable way into the Atlantic, having the ifiand of Lefiaon tho n. and thofe of ('urzola and Melida on the s, all feparated by a narrow cliannel. The town is 45 m Nw Ragufa. Lon. 17 40 E, lat- 43 ao N. Sabionetta, a town of Italy, in Mi- lanefe, capital of a principality of the fame name, with a ftrong citadel. It is ao m R Cremona. Salle, a town of France, in the de- partment of Sarte, near whi' h are fome quarrries of black marble. It is feated on the Sarte, 25 m ne Angers. Sabie, Cape, the raoft foutherly point of Nova Scotia, near which is a fine cod- fifliery. Lon. 65 33 w, lat. 43 30 n. Sables ifOlonnt, a town of France, in the department of Vendue, with a port capable of containing veifelsof 150 tons. It is feated on the bay of Bifcay, 40 m w Fontenay le Compte. Lon. i 50 w, lat. 46 28 N. Sablejlarit a province of Pcrfiai bound- ed on the N by Ca""dahar, e by Hindoo- ilan, s by Makran, and w by Scgf ftan. 5? A (\ It is mountainous, and little known to Europeans. Boll is the CMpit.il. Sabugal^ViXovin of Portugal, in Bcira, 20 m SB Ouarda. Sacai, a city and feaport of Japan, in the ifland of Niphon, with (rveral caf- tles, temples, and palaces, and a moun- tain on one Hde that ferves as a ram. part. It is 43 m s by w Miaco. Lon. 136 5 E,lat. 3458 N- Sticca, or Sciacca ; fee Xacca • Sachfenberg, a town of Germany, in the county of Waldeck, 10 m sw Wal- deck. Sachfenhagen, a town of Wedphalia, in the county of Schauenburg, 13 m w Hanover. Sachfenhaufen, a town of Germany, making p^.rt of Frankfort on the Maine. It is fituate on the 1 fidt of the river, and communicates with the city by a ftone bridge, well fortified. Sachfenhaufen, a town of Germany, in the county of Waldeck, 6 m nw Waldeck. Sachfenheim, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemberg, la m NNwStut- gard. San anient, St. a town and colony of Parajrn ty fettled by the Portuguefe, and taken in 1757 by the Spaniards, to whom it was ceded by treaty, in tx- chanj:;e fo* the province of Uraguay The town ftnda on th<> river Plata, nearly oppofif>.- Bnenos Ayres, ice m \v by N MoDit' Video. Sacrnpatam, a town of Hindooftan, in My'orc, on the river Cavery, 73 ni Nvv Seringapatatn. Lon. 75 5a e, lat. 13 6 N. Saddleback, a mountain in Cumber- land, fo called from its fern, 5 m to the K NE of Kefwick. It is 2787 feet abovi* the level of the fea ; and on one fide is an immenfe cavity, once the crater of a volcir^', at, ihe bottom of which is a lal:e about 20 acres in dimenfion. Sadras, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, near the mouth of the Paliar. A little to the n are fevtn pago- das, hollowed out of a folid rock. It is 38 m s of Madras. Sajfy, a ftrong feaport of Morocco, with a caflle. It was long the centre of the commerce carried on with Europe, but now has little trade. It is 16 m s Cape Cantin. Lon. 8 58 w, lat. 32 s8 n. Sagan, a town of Silefia, capital of a principality of the fame name. It has double walls, a fine palace, a priory of the Auguftine order, a Lutheran fchool, and good cloth manufadlures. It is feated on the Sober, 80 m Nw Bre.''"'J. Lon. J5 1% E,Jat. 51 4? n. SACf Sagar, a town of Hindnoftan, in My- forci with a confiderable trade in pep- per, t>etel-nut, and fandal wood ; feated on the Varada, near its fource, 15 m n Na^ara. lHagi^ Harbour, a feaport of New Yoric, in SufTolis county, at rhe fe end of Long Ifland. The whale filhcry from this place produces 1000 barrels of oil annually- It is ij m nw Southampton, and 87 B New York. Sarhalien, or Amoury a river of Chi- nefe Tartary, which rifes near the Ya- blonoi mountains, where it is fird known by the names of Kerlon and Argun, and forms part of the boundary between Siberia and Eaflcrn Tartary ; where it receives the Schilka, and takes its prefent name. It thru makes a cir. cuitous eaftern courfe of 1850 m, in which it receives many other rivers, and enters the fea of Okotik, oppofite the n part of the ifland of Saghalien. Saghalien, or Sac/ialirit an idand in the fca of Okotflc, extending from lat 46 to 54, or not lefs than ^50 m in l(>ngth, by about 90 of medial breadth ; fepa- rated from the continent by the channel of Tartary, on the w, and from the ifland of Jeflbby Fcroufe ftrait, on the s. This ifland wn» little known till explored by Peroufe, and it is the mod important portion of that navigator's voyage. The centre is mountainous, and well wooded with pine, willow, oak, and birch ; but the ihores are level, and well adapted to agriculture. The na- tives, calk J Ainos, refembic the Tar- tars in form ; and the upper lip is com- monly tattooed blue. The drefs is a loofe robe ot dog or feat flcins, or quilted nankeen, with a girdle- Their huts are of timber, thatched with grafs, with a fireplace in the middle. Peroufe extols them as a mild and intelligent race; and be fays that they are quite unlike the Mandfhurs, or Chinefe- Here are fome fettlements of the Japanefe, who call the ifland Karafuto ; and there is a little trade with the Chinefe and Ruf- fians. SaghaVun Ula Hoturit a city of Eaftern Tartary, in the province or Tcitcicar. It is rich and populous, and important on account of its fituation, as it fecures to the Chinefe Tartars the pofTefiion of extenfive deferts covered with woods, in which a great number of fables are found. It flands on the river Saghalien, 200 m NNE Tcitcicar. Lon. 127 J5 e, lat. 50 6 K. S^gona, a town of Corfica, now in ruins, 16 m kne Ajaccio. Sec Hco. Sagrcs, a ftroog town of Portugal, S AI in Algarva, with a harbour and a fort ; fcatcd on a tongue of land at th tic, and R by Bordrlois and Giron. The river Charente crofTcs it in the middle, iindit ii one of the rnoft fertile dittriAnin France. Its horfes arc much eflfcmed; alfo its U\t, in which it has a confldcr- able traffic. It now forms, with the late province of Annis, the department of Lower (*har«"ute. Sat, one of the Cape Ve rd idands, 4a m in ciiriiit, lying to the t of St. Ni- cholas. It has its name from the num* bcr of fait pnnds that from time to time are fi'.IM by the lea, where the water cryftallizes into a bcautilul (alt, the chief production of the ifland. Lon. la 56 w, lat. 16 t8N. Sola, or Salberg, a town of Sweden, in Wcftmania, near which is a filver and k'ad mine \ iifated on a river, ao m K by E WeileraS) and 60 mw Stock- holm. Salatio, a river formed by the uniotr of levfU Mthers that iffiie from the mountains in the Kwpart ofTucumun, and flows ssf to the P.irana at St- Fc, in the province of Buenos Ayrt-s. Salamanca, a city of Spain, in Leon, and a bifhop's fee, with a famous uni- ▼erfity, confiftiiig of 34 colleges. The ftrufture called the Schools, where the fciences are taught, is very large and curious. There were formerly 7000 ftudents, when the Spanifli monarchy was in a flourifhing condition ; and there are now upward of 4000, who are all clothed like prieds, having their heads fhaved, and wearing caps- Here are magniBcent churches, a targe pub- lic fquare, fine fountains, and every thing that can contribute to the btrauty ani commodioufnefa of the city. The cathedral is oue of the handrnmcft in Spain ; and there are feveral fine con- Tents> with churchesbt'longingto them, adorned with images, and ibme with curioub pidurea. It is feated partly in a plain^ and partly on hills, ami is lur- jounded by a wall. The river Tormes waihes its walls* and over it u a bridge 4oo paces long, built by the Romans. Here, on Aug. aa, 181 a, a great bdttle was fought between tl.e Britilh and their allies and the Trench, in which the latter were defeated. Jt is 85 m « by w Leon, and lao nw Madrid- Lon. j 48 v(', lat. 41 A4K. Salamanca, a town of New Spain^ iii Mecboacan, neatlj,- buil^> and fitual« 8AL no a plaiPf on the right bank of the Lcrma. ae m • by w Guanaxuato. Salamanca de daralatf a town of New Spain, in Jncatan, with a fort; feated r.ear the bay of H(d by the prince of Baden, over the Turks, in 1691. It is feated on the Danube, oppoiite the in- flux of the Teifle, ao m MW Be^grpde. and a5 SE Petcrwardein. Sa/arauo, a town of Italy, in Milan- efr, feated on the Lambro, 5 m wiw Lodi, and 15 se Milan. Salaya, a town of New Spain, in Me- choacan, aj m eie Guanaxuato. Salazar, a town of New Granada, fitunte amid craggy mountains, 60 di NNw Pamplona. Salberg } fee &l/a> Salboe, a town of Norway, in the province of Drontheim, with a copper mine ; leated at the e end of a lake of til- fiime name, 35 m be Drontheim. Saldanha Bay^ a bay on the sw coaft of Africa, which afTords a moft fccure and convenient harbour, but wood and good water are fcarce. It lies i ao m to the NNW of the Cape of Good Hope. Lon. iB o £( lat. 3a 54 s. Saldatinaf a town of Spain, in Leon, on the river Carrion, 37 m n Palencia. SaU8o, a town of the kingdom of Tunis, nenr which are the remains of a large caflle. It is feated near the Me- diterranean, 22 m 88E Monailer. Lon. II 3 E, lat- 35 13 N. Salee% a leaport of the kingdom of Fez, with feveral forts. The harbour is one of the 'lefl in the country, but, on account of a bar, fliipt of soo toni are forced to lighten their burden be- fore they can enter. There aie docks to build ihips, but they are feldom ufed, for want of Ikill and materials. It i« divided into the old and new town, by the river Gucro, which here joins the Bu'-i^ri^, oppofite Rabat- It is 80 m w (ez- L>on. 6 26 w, lat- ^4 2 n. SflUmt a town of Hindooilan, in My' lore ; feated on a river that flown into the Cavery, 120 m sB Seriogapaum> Lon. 78 15 B, lat. 11 37 N. Salem, a civy and fc^ort of Mwa- chuJetts^, capiUl of Eflex county- Ithai » Ur|;e UTt%u tTAdeiioine (hip-Mul(i>oS« SAL ami ftviTal manufaOliirrn. Tlie e^nC C()[)il ciMirch aiul conrt-houlc ;ir«r rie. ^lut (Iriielurfs. 'I'hc harliour i« de- I.Midcd by I fort aivl :ated with Ibme {ood paintings, and hae two ancient pulpits of marble. The harbour iu pro< icdtcdby a mule, but is little frequent- td. It is fcated on a bay of the finic name, xj m se Naples- Lon. 14 53 u, lat. 4035 N. Salers, a town of France, in the de- partment of Cantal, feateu among moun- tains, 9 m N Aurillac. Sfilies, a town of France, in the de- psitineiit of Lower Pyrenees, where arc iprings from which fine fait is made. It is 7 m w Orthcs. Salignac, a town of France, in the department of Upper Vienne, 10 m s Limoges. Salinas, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, fcated on the Deva, at the foot of a mountain, 16 m kne Vittoria, and %% ssE Uilboa. Satinet, a feaport on the s coafl: of Cyprus, and the chief place of com- merce in the ifland; but the different confuls and the principal families refide at Lameca, about a mile to the north. The citadel is of a fquare form, without any baftions. Near it is the bazar, where piovifions and other necelTaries are fold ; and the ihops around it abound ivith all kinds of European merchan- dife. In the vicinity are marihes, from which abundiince uf f.ilt i» obtained. SAL Salines flands 0.1 a bay of its n:imf, t% m s Nicofia. Lon. 33 j6 e, Lt. 34 5S M.- Salini, one of the Lipari iflandn, in the Mf^tliterranean. It confifli of two inouMtHins joined together at the bale* and lii's nw of the ifland ot Lipari. SaUni, u town of France, in the dc« partmi-nt of Jura, with a ftrong fort, and famois falt-works. In the neigh- bourhood are quarries of jafper, alabaf- ter. and black marble- It is fcated ia a fi-rtile valley, 29 ms Refjn<;on. Salijhurif, a fertile dillrict of N Ca- rolina, comprehending the counties of Rockingham, Oui'dford, Montgomery* Stokes, Surry, Iredell, Uowan, Cabar^ ras. and Meckleiibcrg. Salijbury, a town of N Carolina, ia Rowan county, capital of the diltrift of its naiie. It Hands on the nw iide of Cane creek, 5 m from its junction with the Yadkin, and no w ot Ralegh. Lon. 80 34 w, lat. 35 38 N. Salijburt/, a town of Maflachufets, in ElRx county, where Tome fliip buildinj? is carried on ; Icaled at the conflux of thr Powow with the Merrimact 3 nx NNw Newbury Port. Soli/bury, a town of Maryland, in Somerlct county, with a confiderablc lumber trade i lituite between the two principal branches of Wicomico river, 15 m 8ii Vienna. Sitlijbury, or Duck Creeit a town of Delaware, in Newcaftle county, and one of the largest wheat markets in the flate; feated on Duck creek} lamM by w Dover. Salijbury, or Neg( « with ail ancient r.iftle on a mountain. It is JO m ssE Licpp, and 45 n Lux- emburg. Snlm, a town of J'ranre, in the de- partment of Mourtc, vitri a cafllc ; (eated at the fource of the Sarrr, -.6 m K Luneville Sahnatt a town of Perfi.i, in Ader bijan, equally as larpc a^ Khoi and containing [<:ulpturrd rocks and many ruins It is 18 m s Khoi, and 72 w by N Tabriz. SalmnnJ}er, a town of Germany, in the principality ofFnlda, on the river Kinzi 19 m ssw Fulda. Salot a town of Italy, in Brefciano, at the foot of a mountain, nesir the lake Garda, 17 m nk Brefcia. Salo, a town ot Spain, in Catalonia* with a fmal! but convenient harbour, where much of the products of the country is (hipped. It is is m w by s Tarragona. Saloltretra, a town of Spain, in Gra- nada, with a caftle, and a great trade in fugar and (ilh } feated on a rock, near the mouth of a river of the fame name, la m E Almunpcar, and 36 s Granada. Salon, a town of France, in the de- partment of Months of the Rhone, feated on the can?.! of Craponne, 23 m WNW Aix. Salona, a town of Dalmatia, on a bay of the gulf of Venice. It was for- merly a confiderable f^aport, and the ruii.s (how that it was ic m in circuit- It is 7 m n Spalatro. Salone, a town of European Turkey, in Livadia, and a bifhop's fee. The in- habitants are Greeks and Turks, and it is feated at the foot of a mountain, on the top of which is a citadel, 10 m ne Lepanto. !Salomca, the ancient ThefTalonica) a SAl. city of Curopian Turkey, capital uf Macedonia, and >n archbifliop'n Ire, It is 10 m in ci''Ciiiti and a placr of gmt tr.ulc, carried on principally )y the Grci'kH .".lid Ji wi, the former of which havf 40 chiircheKi and the Utter nearly as nuny lynajjogues : the Turku alfo have a Ifvv mofc^iifs. The inhabiiuntt arc computed at 60.000. It is furroiind- cd by will*, and defended on the land lide by a citadel, and near the harbour bv three forti. It was taken from the Vt'nt-tianH, by tbr Turks, in 14^1. It iit f .ited at the head of a gulf of the Archipelago, :)io m w Conftantinople. Lon. 1.3 5 K, lat. 40 53 n. Salpe, a town of Naples, in Capita- nata, near which are fome falt-worki. It is fttuate on a lake, near the fea, }{ m s Manfredonia, and 91 bni riaplu. Sal,fj, a town and fortrefsof France, in the department of E'>(lcrn PyrcnetJ, feated on the iaki; of Lf ucate, among mountain!), 10 m n I'erpignan. ^iil/fttf, an idand of Hindoollan, lyini{ «)(f the coaft of Concan, to the s of Bombay, from which ii is leparated by a narrow channel. It is about i),n fquare, and fertile in rice, fruit, and fugar-canes. It has fubtcrrancous ttm- pies cut out of the rock, in the manner of thofe of I'-lephanta. In 1773, the EngIKh conquered it from the .Mah> rattus; and it has proved a Vr-iluable acquifltion to Bonbriy, which formerly depended on foreign fupplies for iu fubfi Hence. The chief town is Tanna. Salt Lake, a lake of New YorK, in Onondago county, 5 m long and a milr broad. It h capable of producing im- menfe q'lanlities offr'.c It lies half a mile s of Seneca river, to which it lends its waters. Sa!:a, a town of Tucuman, of great refbrt on account of tbr large quantiiits of corn, wine, fait, mules, hories, and other commodities, which are lent hence into Peru, it is 170 m n St. Michael. Lon. 64 30 w, lat. 34 40 s. Saltajh, a borough in Cornwall, go- verned by a mayor, with a marheton Saturday, and a trade in malt; feated on the fide of a fteep hill, near the mouth of the Tamer, 6 m nw Plymouth, and 320 w by 8 London. Saltcoats, a town of Scot'and, in Ayrlhire, lituate on the Atlantic, with a harbour that will admit veffels of aao ions. Here is a confiderable trade in fait and coal, and alfo in (hip-building. It is 5 m w by N Irvine, and a8 sw Glafgow. Saltfleety a town in LIncolnlhire, with a market on Saturday, fituate on a cieek 8 A r. ofthp OormiM ocean, :^^ m i:ne Lin- coln, and 158 N by k London. Siiltillo, A town oj" Nj'w Spain, in New Uifcay, (jtuatf on a lofty arid pliiii, and on tlir confinfn of C iha- huiUand Nfw litoti, iHo tn vk Du« ranijfo. Lon mi 1+ w, iat. js i'. n- Salvadur, St. one ot the ijali.im4 ifland"*. 81 e Uiuinuliani. Salviiilrr, St. the c ipitd of the Wm^- dotn of Congo, (r, (lands on a l.irK<^ mountain, whofe (iimmit ia a plain, 10 ffl in circuit, and well cultivitcd The city ha» i» chiircheu, h< liilt; the cathi'- dral; iind a larj^fc palace, in wljich the king and a PortUKUi-li; bilhop reluie. It is ajo m p.au Loango, Lon. 14 ao t, Iat. 5 40 8. Salvador, St. a city of Fliadl, capit il of the province of All-Saints Biy, nd an archhifhop's r«c, with leveral forta. The cath«Hlral \% large; but the mod fuperb jlrudure is the grand church of the cx-jt'liiits, built of European mar- ble, and the internal part exceedingly rich. The houfes are two or three ftorie« high, and built of Hone. Th ; principal ftreecs arc ! trge, but the ge- nerality are narrow and dirty. In the royal fquare, is the governor's houfe, the mint, and the public offices ; and a'ong the beach is the cuftom-houfe, dc^k-yard. ftorehoufcs, &c. There are many gardens, full of a great variety of fruit-trees, herbs, and flowers. The chief commodities are cotton, fugar, tobasco, coffee, gtims, wood, hides, tallow, and trainoil. The inhpbit-.nts are eft i mated at upward of 100,000. It is featcd on an eminence, on the e fide of the bay of All-Saints. Lon. 38 33 w, Iat. I a 58 s. _ Salvador, St. a city of New Spain, mthe province of Guatimala, fitiiate on a river, which, at the diftance of 20 m, enters the Pacific ocean. It is 1 70 m k by s Guatimala. Lon. 89 50 w, Iat. Salvador de Jujui, St. a city of Tu- cuman, fituate at the fkirt of a moun- tain, on a river of its name, which flows E to the Vermejo. It is aoo m n by E St. Michael. Lon. 64 ao w, Iat. :40 s. Salvages, fmall uninhahi' .J i (lands, lying between the Canary iflands and Madeira, z-j leagues n of Point Nago in Tencriff. Lon. 15 54 w, ht. 30 o n. Salvaterra, a town of Portugal, in Mremadura, with a royal palace, leated on the Tajo, at the influx of the Soro, 35 m NE Liflion. Sahntgrran a ftrong town of Portu- m> in Beiia. It was taken by the SAL T'renoh In 1704, ami by the uttlei In i/Oj. It (lands on the frontiers of Sp.iiii, la m NNW Alcantara, and j; k by H Cartel Uraneo. >SWi ttierrn, a town of Spain, in Ga« lici I, (ctted Oil the Minho, 7 m m k Tuy. Sitlviitii-na, a lown of .Sjuin, 111 Leon, letted on tin; Torniei, aj m 11 Salamanca. S^ilvatiryra, a town of Spain, in Bif- ciy, at tl»e Uhm of M -uni Si Ailnaii, iH rn KWB Vittoria. ' Sututzo, a lown of Picdmo'it, with acaillc. The cathedral is magnificent and rich. It is il ited in .1 friiiitul cjun- tiy, on a.i eminence near the river I'o, aj m s by w Turin. Sti/zti, a town of Lower Saxony, In the duchy of .Magdeburg, tanvius for its fait wot ki, featcd near the lilje, it m SHR Magdeburrf. Satzburjr, a duchy of Germany, in the circle of B.ivaria, i - ) m long and 60 broad; bounded on the n by Bi« varia, K by Auftria and Stiria, s by Carinthia, and w by Tyrol and Uavaria. It W.18 an archbidiopric, wliolc prelate was a fovereifrn prince; but in 1803 the territory was given as an indemiiitr to the late grand duke of Tu (cany, who held it as an eletilorate till i8oj;, whea it was ceded to Aurtria, as a duchy i and in 1809 '^ was transferred to Bava- ria It is a mountainous country, but pretty fertile, and contains mines of copper, niver, and iron. Salzburjf, a fortified city of Ger- many, capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a (Irong ca(\le on a moun- tain, auniverfity, and two noble palaces. Tlie inhabitants are eftimatcd at 20,000. The cathedral of St. Rupert is very fine, and cuntaiiiH five organs. The church of St. Hett;r is ^he oldell in the city, and near it (lands a Benedidine mona(- tery, in which is a fine library. An amphitheatre hewn out of a rock, and the ducal ftables on the fide of the mountain called Monchberg, are de- ferving particular notice. Near Salz- burg are fome very produiftive falt- works. The French became mafters of this city in 1800, and again in 1805. It is fituate between three mountains, on both fides the river Salza. 45 m s by w Pa(rau, and 155 w by s Vienna. Lon. 13 4 E, Iat- 47 46 N. Salxkoten, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of Paderborn, with » good lalt-mine, 7 m sw Paderborn. Sahujlen, a town of Weftphalia, in the county of Lippe, with a falt-mine, 19 m sw Minden. Salzungen, a town of Upper Saxony, aSa ill fl AM In Thurinsla, \rith .1 calU« on %t\ tm\' nene«*i caili*! S<'i>nip'tfnbiirg, an<1 fcvi»« Ml r^lt wnrki. It ii letted on the Wfrr^t lo in * Eifcn.Kh. Srtltnu*dttt n town of ni.intlcnhiiiv, Inthr ()l«l mark, with .1 tr.ulr in linn . anil manufjChim ut' fcr^r anil (\uclc Ingt t fitua^e ou the Jctxr, 2U m nw Stiiidal. Samann, a ff^port on ihf nk fi !•• of St- Domingo, anil ;(im<>f//iVi, a province of Poland rom which it is fipar.tlcd by a ftr.iit. It is 3 JO m in circuit, and Ih full of craggy mountaino, among which aic fertile valleys. Samara, .1 town of Ruflfia, in the fovf-rrment of SimhirlK.. fcated on the Voly.1, 95 m ssr. Smtbirik. Lun. 49 46 It, lat 53 30 N. Samarang, a fortified town in the m long and 1 35 broad ; bounded on tlir N by Courland, k by Lithuania, s by W PrufTi.i, and w by the Baltic. It 11 full of foreds, and high raountaii>, which fi-rd a great number uf cattle, and produce al>iind.-ince of honey- Hcte are alio very active horfef^ In high cRccm. RoHenne is the principal tuwn. Samoj, an ifland of the Archipelago, N K part of Java, and the moft confider- on the coaft of Natolia, and to the nof able fcttlement, next to Butavia, in the the iile of Nicaria- It is 30 m long and idand. It Hands at the mouth of a to broad, and croflTed by a ridge of river of the fame namo, 390 m k by s hills- It abounds with pariridgei, Batavia. Lon- 1 10 3B e, lat. 6 $4 3> woodcocks, fnipcs, thrudiei*, wood- Sainarcand, the capital of Ufbec pigeons, turtledoves, wheatears, and «• Tarlary, in Bokharia, with a caftle and ccllent poultry. There arc no rabbiti, a univerfity. It was the birthplace and but many hares, goats, and fonie Iheep. fe-it of Tamerlane the great, and is now Here is plenty of wheat, barley, and the refidence of a Tartar prince- The millet} alfo abundance of melonii, Iin- city faWs Ibort of its ancient fplendour, tela, kidney beans, mufcadine grapei, yet it is Uill very large, and fortified and white figi, four times as big as the with ftrong bulwarks of earth. The common Ibrt, but not fo well tailed. houfes are molfly of hardened clay, The filk, honey, and wax are efteemed; but fome are of ftone, from cjuarriea in and pitch is made from the pine treei the neighbourhood. The hik paprr in the n part of the ifland- Here are made here is in great recjueft, and it fome iron mines, emery ftone ii not has a coiifiderabic trade in excellent fcarcc, and ochre U common. Moft of fruit. It is leated near the Sogd, 13B the foil is of a rufty colour; and all the in tby N Bokhara. Lon. 6.* 15 k, lat. mountains are of white marble. The 39 37 ^- ... inhabitants are almoft all Greeks, and Samarof, a town of Siberia, in the are not tyrannifed over by the Turks. government of Tobolllt, icated on the The habit of the women is a veft, after Irtyfh, 135 m N Tobollk. the Turkilh manner, with a ledcoifi Samatan, a town of France, in the and their hair hanging down the back departmeht of Gers, with a caftle on a in trefTes, with tafltls ofcoarfi: filveror mountain ; feated on the river Save, 6 block tin faftencd to the ends. Samot m N by E Lombez. contain* feveral villages ; and there are Sambat a feaport of Terra Firma, in fome remaini of the celebrated temple Sampjunf a feapor SAN rt/ |u«o. The principiil hArhnur Uthat ol Vitl. on thr n (idc of ihr illaml Ui. 17 ij », Ut. ij 4(, n. Samojffdn, oru'f « numtruul and powrrfui nation ot' Tartar/, but now JilptTftd. homr of ilu-m .iro ^untl 111 imtll detached bodifs amun^ thr mntin- tiini to the w of I<.ik»! Ii.iik.il ( oth«T(i irr Itippoft-'d to bv within the Chintfc trnntirriii other* are fc^ttercd among the dcr«rtii whii'h extend aIohk the Frown «ic«fan 1 and fomc nearly ai far ti)th«* w aa Arch.tngel. The Srtmnyedei hive a lirgr head, a flat face, high cheeic botics fmill eyes, a wide moutlM yi-llow complexion, flraight black hair, and lit- tle orno beard. Thty have no longer the life of horfeii becaule the clinuti* of thfir prelent country renders their fub- Vtilenci' impoinble I but they Hill pre- fervc the manner* of a patlor.d ueopic, and retain the ufe of moveable liabita- lioni, with which th»y wander from pUcc to place. They neitfitrr have, nor jppear ever to have had, any kind pf regular government' Th^ir tra, a town of IVru, capital of « jurildik'tiun, in thcbilhnpricoi^Truxlllo It i* i^ludte in a valley, fifrtlle In fruit •in. I corn, and adorrn-il with the moA l)e.iutifui floweri, whi-nce it ha* been fomftime»c.ille(lMiranorl*. It it 90 mM by w Truxillo Lon. 79 (6 w, l,u. 658*. Siinaj/>if)ft)ttJ, I town cf IlindooUant capitiil ot ti circar, in B- >;«l \ (cated on the Mali.nMd.i, 1(^5 m n Muor(hedabad. Lon an (0 K, lat. 16 J7 n. Sam.rrt, a town of France, In th# drpaiiment of Chr-r The wine* pro- duced In the environ* are much e(teem« ed. it is (i'.itcd on a mountain near the river Loire, aj m nw Ncvcri, aB4 110 N P.trii. Stimutri, an ifland of China, on tht coalt of (^lang- tong, famous for bciog the burying. place of Francis Xavier, wholi' tomb is to be loen on a fmall hilL It is chiefly inhabited by (ilberm«n, and lies 60 m nw Macao. Sancoint, a town of France, in the department of Cher, Ivaled on the Ar- ge-iit, 1^ m sw Never*. Sanda, one of the Orkney iflands* about I a m long, but of an irregular form, and foldom above a milre in (ummer, and it feed* many (hoc-p and beeves. On the Start Point is « lij^htbout^. Lon. 2 15 w, lat. 59 ai . Satula, a fmall ifland on the w coaft of Scotland, 8 m k of th(> Mull of Can- tyre, famed for having been the n-ndez- voUH of the Danilh fleets during their expeditions to the welttrn coall*. On it ire the remains of a chapel, dedicated to St. ('olumba. Sanelbai-h, a town of Cheflnre, with a market on Thurfday. In the market- place are two Iquare (lone croifes, with emblematicti figures. It is feated on the Wclock, j6 m E Chefter, and 164 NNv London. iandftz, a town of Poland, in the pa'atinaie of Cracow, at the foot of Mount Krapack, 31 m se Cracow. Sundhamrtf a feaport of Sweden, in UplaTid, where all velfels to and from Stockholm are examined. It ia 10 tn t Stockholm. Sandhurjl, a village in Berkfhire, on the river Loddon, 5 m s by e Woking- ham. Here is a royal military college, where young cadets are indruAcd in the military art. Sandoy aa illand of Japan, 87 m in '» \V S A N ctrcuiti on the n co-ill of Niphon. It haa • town of Ihc f4rnr ttiimc. Lon. l.to to *, Ul. .i« n «. Santltmir, 4 \\uw$ town of PoIjiuI, caplul o( a paUtln4l«* of thr U*x\t njrnri with 4 ciltlr on 4 rtrcti riK-k, Jtul frvcrtil Cotlc|tr» It ii ri-jrcil oo 4 hill, tiy thr rivrr Virtiib. ;f in k bv n Cricitw, and ti) » by B Warfaw. I.on. la o «• lai. 50 n N. StiHdown. % vill4i;r in llunpriiirv, in thi* \([< ot Wi){lil| > m ti Ur.utiiiif. It ((•intt* on .« t>«y nf itn iMiiu-t 4111I hm .1 fnrt y llciity vni, winch nuin* tain* .1 fmill garntiiii. SaHdujfAl, ,i town c1 Portug.il, in lUir4, Ic'ttiil oit the Cuu, la m »aK CiLirda. Siindv/i't, a town nf lh»' N«*th''rl4ntl», in Krilvirii, on the river SihcUlt, la m K w AntU'Tp. SiiHilii/kif, a navi^ahir river nf the flatf of Ohio, that rifr* near thr litiitcrt ul thf Sciot;i and th«* (lr«'4( Mi imi, hr> twecn euch of which in a Oiort port.i){e. It flowH NK, atui enicri the wend of S.indiilky lay. which is the >w point of Lake I'.rii*- Stindujiy, a town nnd fort of the ftatc of Ohio, on the s liiii' ot a hay of the fame name, at the sw rnd of Liikt- I'lir. to which it is niiited by a liiort .ind narrow (trait- The fort (landu oppolhe thr gut. Lon. 8a 4.) w, lit 41 50 n. tiind'orntinnp, and Takoora, all in. h.ihilril, rxtcut the l«it two. Th» rh. miif difltrs (iltle from 1' 4t uf Ihv W Indir* ill the f«mi' latitude \ hut thg», .mil r.its Thf fnwU are of the common Imti the birds beantifnl and iiiiiiKTous, though not varioui. (ioiit, piK^, and Euri pcan IVrdii wrre Irtt h^ Captain Cook ( but the p 'llifllon ot th< goats foun K4VV rife to a C(inl< (t iM-twitn two diiliK^is, in which the breed w^i dtltroyed. The inhabitants, in their pritoiik. I.inguagi', and mannrri, jp. proach nearrr to the New Zealandcn, than to their lei'** diftant. iieiKhhoiin, cither of the Society or Friendly idnuli. They are, in general, above the middk ri/< , and well mad)*; and are cxpiblc ot bcariny great fatigue. Many otboth li'Xt's have fine open countcnanct-i; »n(i the wonu'ii, in paiiicular, have (tood eyes and teeth, with an fng'i(:in); irnli- bilily of look. Tlurt'isone pt'culi.irity, charaiili-rinic of every part nf the na? tion, that even in the handfomrlt hctt there is a fulntfs of the noftnl, without any HatnifM or IprtMding of the noli;. The men lufTer lh«ir bi-ards to erosr, and wear thtir hair alter various talniDti!. The ilreln of both fi-xcs nearly rrlenibltl thofe of Ni'w Zfaland, ami tht-y wfir nccklacio of fmall varitgited (htlli Tattooing the body is pradtilcil by every colony of tlvis nation. The handi and armb of the women are ailb nfMtly marked, and they have tlie fingularcuf' torn ot tattooing the tip ot the ton|u«. They live together in villages, containing from 100 to 100 houlc'S, built clofclytO' gether, witli>)ui any order, and having a wi-'ditig path between them. They arc generally flanked, toward the fea, with detached walls, which are meAnt both for (helter and defence. Thefc walls confilt of loofe (lt»ne8, and tbe inhabitants are very dexterous in ftiift* iiig them fuddeoly to fuch places as tbe KAN Jirci'^ion of thr •ti4cli majr rrqutrf. In Ih4.- lUlc« of thr hllU lh> y hivr littk ci*r«, ihr riiiraiic'c ftcurid bf 4 friiiM tff the Umv kiml t ilidc arc pUt-r* nf rflrrjt in c^fra of cxircuitly, mul tWAy be tlrfriiilrd by « Angle p< rfon uKituilt (tvtr*\ 4(r4lUnt«. Suittr uf Ihr lit)urr» itt Irtxn ,|o to JO fi'ct long, ind luim 10 to JO broa which thr propir of hiK>tcr r4iili .ulil tlir lldh of h«i|i and dogi. The in.tking of canoct, mati, &e. formithc OiCiipA* lion* of tiic nii>n( lh«> women 4rr cm- |ili)ycU in iiunuU^ttitiiig clkith ( uiid thoinl* ftiriii onr coniirClcd land, or rvrral dillin^l illaml*. The rnuft li>uih* • rn ptiint that w.i* lern by C '(,«>». in i};^, i» till gre4trll • Utiltidr of bud ever yet rxplurrd, on which accuunt It recilved tiu ap(M*llaiion of 8ouihern Thiih'. 1,011 47 4^ w, Ut. jg ii4 «. StinJif lloti, 4 (null iiUnd on the CO lit ot New lerfiy, 7 m • of ihr w end of l^mg Idaitd It wai formerly a p«'iiinfuU, hilt in i7*Hthe fea brt)k« through the illhmii*, anii ftirmed it into an ilLtml. On thr M point It a light* lioiih- I. Mil 74 a w, lit 40 \o M. StiHdy I'oinl, 4 feaport ot" St. ChriDo* nhcr, on the l»w ride of the ifland, in liK'-trce bay, defended by a foil. Lon. i>i 18 w, lat. 17 to w. Sttntn, or (ir/frmtyt a town of Bwir* fcrlaiid, in the caiton of Bern, with a i.illle, (ituatc on a river of the fame name, to m *w Thun. Siin/ord% M town of ihe diflriA of Maiim, in York cnuiuy, 15 m n Ber- wick, and 10 NNw York. Sii»jfrrhauj/H, a town of Upper Saxo- ny, in Thuringia, with a cahle, 14 m >:tK Htolberg. StinffUfjU, a town of Spain, in Na- varre, un the river Aragun. 3a m sg Pamplona. Sanl^eif^ a village in Lancalhire, a m w Warrington. It i*a place of traffic, Oeing feated near the Merfey, frond which it has a canal to th«* various works in the vicinity of St. Helens. Sanortt a country of Hindoollan, no m long and 70 broad, lying to the t of Vifiapour .ind n of Myfore. It wai fiibjctfl to the rrgent of Myfore, but ceded to the Mat ratt.ib in 179a. Sunore, a town and fortrefs of Hin- donibn, capital of the country of the fame name. It is leatcd on the left bank of the Toom, 15 in before ita jnndion with the Nigoudcn to form (he Tungebadra. On the oppufi'r bank il iiiiotlier town c.illcd ^anore Bancapour. It is loj m N by w Chitleidroog, and 1^0 s by K Vifiapour. Lon. -j^ 30 K| lat. 15 ;j9 N. Sanpoo; fee Burrampooter, and Teejla» Sanquhar, a borough of Scotland, in Dumfriesihirc, with ^ ruined cuitle. It has a Hade in coal, and' a manufa^urc of carpets and ftockings. The admira- ble Crichton was a native oi this place. It is feated on the Nitht, 25 m NW DumfrieSf and 53 sw Edinburg. SAN Hantr fee Parilla. Sant 'a, a town of Spaiiii in Anda- luHa, 24 in 9 Cordova. ISantander, a llronR fraport of Spain, in Afturias, and a bHhop'« fee. The harbonr it good, and lar^^c* enough to contain a numeroue fleet, defended by two caflles, and a mole that advances into the fta. It is 1 1 m n e Santillana. Lon. 3 47 w, lat. 43 ^^ n. Sairrimdi-rf Nevl)ich is thinly inhabited. It Ibnds in the fork of a river, 40 m from the gulf of Mexico, but a bar at its moutli pre- vents the admiffion of veflTels drawing more than 7 feet- It is las tn n by w Panuco. Lon. 98 5? w, lat 9.3 46 n. Saniarem, a town of Portugal, in Eftremadura, with a citadel on a moun- tain. In lAio, this place was the head quarters of a numerous French army, who, early in 1811, were compelled to retreat into Spain. It is feated on the Tajo, in a country fertile in wheat, wine, and oil, 55 m nk Lifbon. Lon. 8 25 w, lat. 39 iB ^'• Aanteti a I'iver of S Carolina, formed by the junction of the Congaree and Wateree. It flows by Amelia and St. James, and enters the ocean by two mouths, a little s of Georgetown. Santen, a town of France, in the de- partment of Roer. lately of Germany, in he duchy of Cleve; feated on the Rhine, 15 m si Cleve. Santiago ; fee Jago, St. Santianes, a town of Spain, in Aftu* irtas, 17 m ssw Oviedo. Santillana, a town of Spain, capital of Afturias de Santillana. li is feated in a f.uitful valley, near the bay of Bifcay, 96 m E Oviedo, and aoo n Madrid. Lon. 3 58 w, lat. 43 23 n. Santona, a town of Spatn^in AfturirtS. near the bay of Bifcay, with a good harbour, ftrongly fortified by nature and art, 2a m e Santander. Santorin, the ancient Thera, an ifland of the Archipelago, to the 8 of Nio. It it in the form of a crefcent, 10 m long and from i to 4 broad. Between its two poiiits, to complete the circle, are the fmall iflands of Therafia and Afpro. «ifi ; anid within thele are three other iflands, between which and Santorin is a road for fhips, but it affords no an- chorage, on account of its depth in fome places, and rocky bottom in others. All thefe iflands are of volcanic origin, but the three interior onrs are evidently of much later date. Santori, in propor- tion to it9 extent, is the richeft and moft SAP populoui iflnnd of the Archipc1n|; other rivers) which produces all kinds of fruit in great abundance. A vi(ilory was obtained here over the French and Spuniards in 1710, but it was abandon- ed by the allies foon after. In igo8 it liiftained a fiege by the French ; but in another which lafted 63 days, the Airviving befieged were obliged to fur- render in February 1809, being quite worn out by fighting, peldilence, and fetmine. During this memorable fiege, It is 150 m w by n Barct luiia. *x\<\ iHo Nfc Madrid. Lon. o 4S w, lit. ti 45 m. ^(irato/t .T i^overnmeiit of Kullii, t'nr- irerlya pi(>viin;e of /Mtr.ican. It i. di- vided imo 12 diilriiff, of which ttiat of the lame iiniie is the principal. Sarutof, a fortified town of-Rnni;!, capital (jt tilt- povcnimcnt of that name. It is fe.itcd on tlif fide of a moiint.iin, neur the river Volva, 220 m s Kafan, and .^00 NW Allracan. Lon. 49 i$ r., lat. 52 4 N. Haratof^a, a town and fort of New York, in a county of the lame name, licre, in 1777, an army of Britilh and Hefiians, under the command of gene- ral Hurgoyne, furrendeted to the Ame- ricans. It ftands on the v. fide of Hud- Ion river, 50 m n Albany iiarbruck, a town of France, in the department of Sarre, I'tely of Get ma- ny, and the capital of a county of it* name. Here is a handfome palace, and a magnificent Lutheran church. It ftands on the w fide of the Sarre, 14m w Deux Ponts. Lon. 7 5 k, lat. /J9 16 N. Sariiurg, a town of Franci*, in the department of Sarre, lately of Germa- ny, in the elertorate of Treves ; Icated on the Sarre, 10 m s by w Treves. Sarburg, a town of France, in the department of Meurte, feated on the Sarre. at the foot of a muuntutn, 40 m E by N Nancy. Sardam, a town of N H' Hand, where there are vaft magazines of limber for fhips and naval (tores, and a p-eat iHim- her of fliipwrights. Peter the great re- fided bete fome time, in priva'r, and worked as afliipwright. S^rdam is feat- ed on the Wye. 7 m nw Ainiterdam. Sardinia, an ifl.ind in the M<;diter- raneaii, 140 m lon^j and 70 broad. It is feparatcd from Corfica, on the n, by the ftrait of Bonii^cio, and has 44 I'mall iflands belonging to it- Exclufive of the mountains, the chief part of the country may he regarded as waflt, but where cultivated it is fertile in corn, wine, oranges, citrons, and olives. Here arc mines of filver, lead, I'nlphur.and alum; and quantities of chcefe and fait are made. The frequent waftes abound with wild ducks; but the cattle and fheep are not numerous, and the nto- ralTes yield pernicious exhalations. On the coaft is a filhery for anchovies and coral. The little iflands abound in that of Afnaria are a of turtles. This ifUnal • m^^ ^ 'i^ ', ! (1.4 game; and iit greak nunaber ,* S A R ha§ undergone" various revolutions: in 1708 it was taken fruin the Spnniaida by the E.crlifh, and alloUcd to the emperor of Germany at the pcacf of Utrecht. T!ie Spaniards recovered it in 1717, but were obliged to abandon it two years a'"tcr; and, in 17J0, it was ceded to the duke of Savoy, .18 an equi- valent for Sicily. It was then eredted into a kin^-. om ; but his Sardinian ma- jcfty continued to keep his court at Turin, till expelled iVom his Picdmon- tefe territories, by the French, in 1796, when this in.ind became the fole rem- nant of his poflTeflions. The number of inhabitants is iioi more than 450,000. Cagliari is the capital. SareSto, a town of N Carolina, chief of Duplin county. It is feattd on the NE branch of Cape Fear river, 80 m n by w Wilmington. Sarj^artj, a ^own of Swifferland, ca- pital of a hailiwic of the iame name, with a caflle on a rock. There are mineral fprings near the town. It (lands on the fummit of a hill, near the Rhine, 14 m N Coire, and 47 se Zurich. Sargel, a fcaport of Algiers, in the province of Mafcara, with a caftle ; ieated on the feacoaft, 25 m ssw Al- giers. Lon. a 1.5 E, lat. 36 30 n- Sarguemine, a town of France, in the department of Mofelle, feated on the Sarre, 9 m s by e Sarbruck. Sarh a city of Perila, capital of Ma- zanderan, and the refidence of a Per- iian prince. It is furrounded by a good wall and deep ditch ; and crowded with inhabitants, among whom are many merchants who carry on a brilk trade with Aftracan. It is (ituate in a coun- try abounding in rice, oranges, cotton^ fugar, and filk, 20 m ssw.Ferabad, and ISO NE Teheran. Lon. $% 42 e, lat. 3638 N. Sarii an idand in the Englilh chan- nel, 5 m long and 3 broad, lying near the coaft of France, and about 6 m E from the ifland of Guernfey, on which it depends. It is naturally ftrong, and has upward of 300 Inhabitants. Sark, a river of Scotland, which rifes in the central part of Dumfrieslhire, and flows into Solway frith. Its mouth forms a good harbour, at the village of Sarkfoot, 8 m E by s Annan. Sar/att a town of France, in the de- partment of Dordogne, and lately a bifhop's fee. It is feated in a bottom, furrounded by mountains, 37 m se Pe- rigueux. Sarlouh, a ftrong tt vn of France, in the department of Mofelle, feated on the ifthmus of a peninlula formed by ax n the river Sarre, 3a m ne Metz. Lon. 6 4K I', lat. 49 2 1 N. Sarn.n, a town of SwifTerUnd, ca- pital ot the canton of Undcrwalden, car a lake to which it gives name. It h;id formerly a flri'iig callle, which was dcftroyt;d by the [)ejr.iiitH in 1308. It ii 9ms Lucern. Lon. 8 14 E, lat. 46 5a n. Sarno, a town of Naples, in I'rinci- pato Ci'ra, feated on the Sarno, near its fource, I a m mnw Salerno, and ao ese Naples. Horoj, a ftrong caftle of Hungary, in a county of the fame name, feated on the Tariza, at the foot of Mount Kra- pach, 5 m NNw Eperics. Sarfi, or Sarpen, a town of Norway, in t!ie province of Chriftianfand. Near it is a great cataradt, which may be heard at the diftance of 20 m. Sarp is 10 m wsw Frederickftadt. Sarre, a new department of France, including part of the late electorate of Treves and duchy of Deux Ponts. It has its name from a river thajt rifes near Salm, in the department of Meurte, flows N by Sarbruck and Sarburg, and joins the Mofelle, a little above Treves. The capital is Treves. Sarreal, a town of Spain, in Cata- lonia, near which arc quarries of ala- bafter, fo tranfparent that it is ufed for windows. It is feated on the Francoli, 11 m M Tarragona. Sarfana, a town of the ftate of Ge* noa, with a fortrefs ; and near it is a fort in the mountains called Sarfanello- It ftands on the river Magra, 5 m from its mouth, and 45 ese Genoa. Lou. 9 58 E, lat. 44 9 N. Sar/ina, a town of Italy, in Romagnai on the river Savio, ii m wsw Rimini. Sartt a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia. It was the ancient Sardis, ca- pital of Lydia ; and under the Roman* was a large city, but almoft deft.royed by an earthquake in the reign of Tibe- rius. Here are many remnants of maf- iive buildings, a mofque that was for- merly a Chriftian church, and a large caravanfary. The inhabitants are chiefly Ibepherds, who feed their fl'^cks in the adjacent plains. It is 35 m L^JESmyrna. Sartct a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of jVJaine. It takes its name from a river, which flows by Mans to Angers, where it joins the Mayenne. The capital is Mans. Sarvatt a town and fortrefs of Hun* gary, at the conflux of the Guntz with the Raab, 40 m sse Prefburg. Saruntt 0/d, a borough in Wiltftiire, which is now reduced to a fingle houfe. SAT It once covered the funimit of a deep hill* and was llongly luititied ; but iiuthint^ is to \k i en except the ruins and trtices ot th» whIIb. It is 4 in N New Sarum, or Sai fbury. Sariutrden, a tnwii of France, in the tlcpartmcnt of Mufellc, feaitd on the Siure, ^\ m wnw Hagucnau, and 45 m BNfc Nancy. Sai van (ilient, a town and fortrcfs of the Netherlands, in FlanJciM, fituate on the canal from Ghent to ihi; river Scheldt, ;ind fortified with fliiices, by means of which the country can iie laid under water. It was built l)y tht; in- habilanf* of Ghent, :,% a bui>v;irk to that city, but was taken in i6'')4, by the Dutch, from whom the Trench took it in i747> and again in 1794. It is 10 m N Ghent. Safer am, ' ^ town of Hindooftan. in Hahar, lirated at the foot of a mountain, near a lake, 64 m se Benares, and 88 sw Patna. Sajfafrast a town of Maryland, in Kent county, on a river of the fame name, near itR entrance into Chelapeake bay, aom s Elkton. Sajiari, a city of Sardinia, and an archbilhop's fee, with a caftle and a nniverfity. Here is a fountain called Roflel, fuid to be more magniticent than the beft at Rome. In the neighbour- hood are mines of gold and filver, whence the city is lomctimes called Logudori. It is feated on the Torres, 7 m from the fea, and 64 N Oriftagni. Lon. 8 45 E, lat- 40 48 n. Sajbulot a town of Italy, in Mode- nefe, with a caftle, feated on the Seccia, 10 m sw Modena. Sajiagoy a town of Spain, in Aragon, feated on the Ebro, 40 m se Saragolfa. Satal'm, or AtUalia, a ftrong feaport of Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania. It is divided into three towns, and has a fupcrb mofque, which was formerly a church. The country around is fertile; and the citrons and oranges are ex- tremely fine. The chief trade is in wool, cotton, goats hair, agaric, tragacanth, opium, and bees wax. It is featt-d on a gulf of the Mediterranean, to which it gives name, 150 m sw Cogni. Lon. 31 21 E,lat. 37 I N. Sater, a town of Sweden, in Dale- carlia, near which is a rich iron mine, S3 m 8 by K Falilun. Satgong, or Hatagong, a village of Hindooftan, in Bengal, on a crtek of Hoogly river, 4 m nw Hoogly. In the i6th century k was a city, in which the European traders in Bengal had their fadories. S AU Satimangnhm, a town of Hindoo* ftun, in th»' province of Coiinijetorct with a large ftoiie fort, nnd a confider- abk temple. It has manufadlure!* of cotton riot lis, ami a great trade to Se- ringapat.im. it is feated near the Bha- vvani. 30 m w Bhawanikudal, and 75 .ssK Scriiigapatam. Satriano, a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Ultra, feated near the fta, 8 nti s Squiliace. SatUirahy a town and fort of Hin- dooftan, in the piovincc of Viliapour, formerly the capital of the Mahratta Ifate. It is fitu ite near the fource of the K'^lnah, 50 in s Poonah, and 77 w Viii.ipour. Lon. 74 8 k, lat 17 45 N. Stittfagala, a tiwn of Hindooftan, in the priAiiice if Coiml)etore, with a fort of confiderable fi/.e. It ftands near the (avery, wliich 3 m below forms an ifland 9 m long, with cataraJls on each fide. It is 36 m SE Seringapatam Sava, a town of Perfia, in Irak, fur- rounded by walls of earti . The en- virons produce exquifite fruit, and abundance of ric< and cotton, in which it has .1 coiiftderablc trade. It is 60 m sw Teheran. Savage Ijle, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, 35 m in circuit, difcovered by Cook in 1774. It reccivrd this name from the rude and inhofpitable behaviour of the inhabitants, who were ftout well- made men, naked except round the waift ; fome of them had their face* breaft, and thighs painter*. It is of a round form, and appeared to be covered with trees, fhrubs, &c. Lon. 169 30 w, lat. 19 a s. Savanna, a river of the United States, which forms a part of the divifional line that feparaies Georgia from S Carolina. It is navigable for boats of 100 feet ktel from Augufta to Savanna, and thence for large veflels to its entrance into the Atlantic ocean, atTybe idandjon which isalighthouftr. Lon. 8040W, lat.3i $7^' Savanna, a town of the ftate of Georgia, chief of Chatham county, and formt- rly the capital of the ftate. More than two thirds of the town was de- ftroycd by fire in 1796. It is regularl/ built Ml the form of a parallelogram, and feated on a high fandy bluff, by the s fide of a river of the fame name, 17 m from its mouth, and 100 be Louifviile. L'lU. 80 57 w,lat. 31 57 N. Savatopoli ; fee SebajUpolis. Sauceda a town of New Spain, in Ni w Bifcay, on a river of the fame name, which joins the Naflfas to form thePalmas. It is 100 m NNvrDuran- £0. Lon. 105 36 w, lat. 25 18 n. 3 ■ i .^f k ■f 1 ar Belgrade. Savenai/y a town of France, in the department of Lower Loire, i8 m Nw Nantes, and 3s w Anci-nis. Savendrot^t a ftrojig fortrcfs of Hip- doollan, in Nlyfore. It (lands on the top of a rock, rifing half n mile in per- pendiculir height, from a l)are of above « m in circuit, and divided at the fum- mit by a chalm that forms it into two hills : thcfe having each its particular defciiCfs, ftrve as two citatU-ls, capable of being maintiiined independently of the Itwer works, which are alfo won- derfully Arong. Notwithltanding this, it waH taken by the £nglilh, in i79j» after a ficge of irvcn day*. It is 35 m WE Sf'ringapatani. Saverdun, a town of France, in the departm a town of Piedmont, with a rich Benedi(ftine abbey, iiated in a ferdle plain, on the rive;' Maira, 30 m s Turin. Savignanot a town of Italy, in Ro- magna, feated on the Borco, 8 m .se Cefena, and 10 w Rimini. Haulgen, or Saulgau, a town of Sua- bia, 5 m sw Buchau. Sauliett, a town of France, rn the de- partment of C6te d'Or. Here was an- ciently a college of the Druids ; and in a wood the ruins of a druidical temple are dill vifible. It ftnndson an eminence, 3,8 m w Dijon, and 46 st Auxerre. SaumuKi a town of France, in the de- partment of Mayenne and Loire, with an ancient caftle, and a famous bridge over the Loire, confiftirg of la elliptic arches, 60 feet in diameter. It is a; m tE Angers, and 38 wsw Tours. Savolax, a province of Sweden, in Finland, aoo m long and 100 broad, bordering on Ruffia. It coniifts moflly of woods, lakes, rivers, and morafres, and abounds in elks and raindeers- The inhabitants are thinly dii'perfed, and fubCft by cultivating l)uck-wheat,brced- ing cattle, hunting, fifliing, and making wooden-ware. Knopia is the capital. SavoHOt a ftrong town of the terri- tory of penoa, with a citadel on a rock, and fcveral fine churches. The Ge- noefe» fearing that it would hurt tbdr SAX trade, mined the harbour, and rendered it unfit for large velTelji. It was taken by the king of Sardinia in 1746, re- ftored in 1-48, taken by the French in 1795, and by them furrendcrcd to the Auftrians in 1800, through famine. It is fcatrd on the Mediterranean, 94 m wsw Genoa- Lon. 8 ao e, lat. 44 18 n. Savoniers, a town of France, in the department of Tndre and Loire, near which are caverns famous for their pe- trifications. It is ti m sw Tours. Sa'voi/t a duchy of Europe, between France and Italy, 83 m long and 67 broad : bounded on the n by the lake of Geneva, which fcparates it from SwifTerland, e by the Alps, which di- vides it from Vallais and Piedmont, s by the latter and France, and w by France. The air is cold on account of high mountains, which are almoft al- ways covered with fnow ; but the val- leys arc feitilc in corn and wine, and many of the mountains yield paRure for a vaft number of cattle. The lakes aro full of filh, and the principal rivers are the Ifcre, Arc, and Arve. 'I'he Savoyards, from the nature of their country, are generally very poor ; and great numbers of them feek a livelihood in Francf, England, and other countries in the quality of Ihowmen, &c. The French lubdued this country in 1792, and made it :i department of France, hy the name of Mont Blanc. They were driven out of it by the Auftrians and Uuflians in 1799, but regained pofleflion the following year. Chamberry is the capital. Saurungpour, a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Malwa, 4a m nnr Indore, and 43 ne Ougein. Sauve, a town of France, in the de- partment of Gard, lijated on the Vi- doure, la m sw Alais. Sattveterrcy a town of France, in the department of Lower Pyrenees, with a ruined caftle, 20 m wnw Pau. Sauveterrf, a town of France> in the department of Aveiron, 15 'n swRodez. Sauveterre, a town of France, in trte department of Gironde, a6 m se Bour- deaux. Sitvu, an ifland in the Indian ocean, a6 m in length, and very fertile. Lon. laa 30 E, lat. 1035 s. Sax, a town of Spain> in Murcia, near which is an ancient citadel on the fummit of a rock. It is feated on the Elda, on the borders of Valencia, 35 m WNW Alicant, and 42 nne Murcia- Sax, a town and bailiwic of SwifTer- land, in the canton of Zurich, with a callle, 14 m 8 Kheiaeck. Sflvmundham, a to a market on Thurfd JO m NElpfwich an Saxony, U/>/>.-r, a bounded on the e and Lufatia, s by I conia, w by the c\u and Lower Saxony, anil the B.dtic. It duchy of Saxony, the uiitrgravate of gruvatc of Thuringi of Brandenburg, M Aiihalt, Coburg, counties of Barby. •'' burg, Stolberg, an thf duchy of Pomei Haxony, Lower, '< bounded on the e by the fame and ' Rhine, w by Wettp man ocean, and n B:»Uic. It comprel Magdeburg, Breme burg, HoUlcin, Lat lenburg, the princ ftadt, Ratzeburg, I bee, and the citief men, Collar, Mul hdufen. Saxony Proper, Saxony, in the circ is 75 m long and on the N by Brand* s by Milnia, and v of Anhalt. It is a ing country, aboui is cut into two u river Elbe. Witte This duchy is onl dominions belong Saxony ; he has ; the greatcft part < Voigtland, and pa Mansfeld and Hen ceffions from Pruf and IPoland, by th The capital of his Drefden- Say brook, a tow Middlefex county the moft ancient t fituate near the ni river, 18 m w by 1 95 w, lat. 41 ?o > Saycock, one ol «Jivided from Nip nel. The Dutch torefide in the 1 SAY Saxenbur]f% a town of Germany, in Carinthia, near which aif thre« forts and a llrong pal's. It is iituate on the Drave, 38 m w Clagenfurt. Lon. 131) K, lat. 40 44 N. Sflxmundhamt a town in Suffolk, with a marlcet on Thurfday, feated on a hill, ao m NBlpfwich and 89 London. Saxony t Vpfur, a circle of Germany; bounded on the b by Prnni;«, Pi)land, and Lufatia, s by Bohemia and Fr.in- conia, w by iho circles of Upper Rhine and Lower .Saxony, and n by the latter anil the B.iUic. It comprehends the duchy of Saxony, or Saxony Proper, the niurgravate of Milhia, the land- gnivatf of Thurinjiia, the principnlities of Brandenburg, Mcrltburg, Niuburg, Anhalt, Coburg, and Qiierfurt, the countifs of Barby, Manafeld, Schwartz- burg, Stolbcrg, and Hohcnftein, and thf duchy of Pomerania. Saxony, Lower, a circle of Germany ; bounded on the t by Uoper Sjxony, s by ihe fame and the circle of Upper Rhine, w by Weftpiialia and the Ger- man ocean, and n by Jutland and the Baltic It comprehends the duchies of Magdeburg, Bremen, Brunfvvick, Lune which is on S the w ^A fide of thii> I.OI* 131 28 B, lat. 34 o N. Sayn, a town and cjllle of Germany, in Wefterwald, which ^iveH name to a fmall county. It is lituate on the Sayn, near its conflux with the Rhine, 6 at if Coblentz, and 50 Nw Frankfjrt. Sat/pan, one of the Ladrorie iO^a.i.!:^ the pit'afantell and mod fertile of them all. it is 40 m in circuit, and on the w fule is a fafe port called Cantanhttda. Lon. 146 10 E, lat. 15 11 N. Seamen, u town of Denmark, in N Jutland, on a promontory of the ['\vnn na.ne, at the enirance of the paflaga from the ocean into the Catcgat. Lon. 100 E, lat. 57 38 N. Scahinova, a feaport of Afintic Tur- key, in Natolia, with a caftle. The trade confifts chiefly in wine, raiftnc, com, and leather. It is 40 m sse Smyrna. Lon. 27 31 E, lat. 37 54 n. Scalea, a town of Naples, in Calabria Citra, formerly a large city, but nowr greatly decayed- It is feat* d on the vr coaft, 25 m SE Policaftro. Lon. 15 54 E, lat. 40 o N. Scoi'itz, a town of Upper Hungary, In the county of Polon, fiated on the burg, Holilein, Lauenburg, and Meek- March, 50 m n Prefljurg. Lon. jy 17 Icnburg, the principalities .of Halber ftadt, Rat/cburg, Hildeiheim, and Lu- bec, and the cities of Hamburg, Bre- men, Goflur, Mulhaui'eni and Nord- hdufen. Saxony Proper, or the duchy of Saxony, in the circle of Upper Saxony, is 75 m long and 62 broad ; bounded on the N by Brandenburg, E by Lufatia, s by Miliiia, and w by the principality of Anhalt. It is a very fertile and trad- ing country, abounding in mines ; and is cut into two unequal parts by the river Elbe. Wittenberg is the capital. This duchy is only a fmall part of the dominions belonging to the duke of Saxony ; he has alfo Lufatia, Mifnia, the greateft part of Thuringia, part of Voigtland, and part of the counties of Mansfeld and Henneberg; befide other ccflions from Pruffia, both in Germany and Poland, by the late treaty of Tilfit. The capital of his German dominions is Drefden. Sai/brooi, a tpwn of Coimeiflicut, in Middlefex county, with a fort. It is the moft ancient town in the (latr, and fituate near the mouth of Connecticut river, 18 m w by s New London. Lon. 25 w, lat. 41 20 N. Saycock, one of the iflands of Japan, divided from Nipbon by a narrow chan- nel. The Dutch fadlors are permitted to refide in the little ifland of Difnia; &, lat. 49 4 N. Scanderoon ; fee Alexandretta. Scania ; fee Schoncn, Scarborough, a feaport and borough in N Yorklhire, with a market on Thurf- day. It is feated on a high rock, which has fuel) craggy fides that it is almoft inacceffible. On tlie top of this rock is a green plain, with a v.ell of frefli wa- ter, and the remains of a cartle, built by H?nry 11. This lown is greatly fre- quented on account of its mineral wa- ters, and for fea- bathing; that it is much improved in the number and bi anty of its buildings. The harbour ia one* of the beft in the kingdom, with a com- modious quay, lt;veral (hip-yards, and 4 ftrong battery. Scarboroujjh has a cor» fiderable trade, and is much engaged in the fiflieries. The number of inhabit- ants was 64:>9 in ;Xo(, and 6710 in 181 1. It is 36 m NK York, and ".14 v London. Loo. o 10 w, lat. 54 18 n. Scarborou^hy a town anil fort on the SE fide of the ifiand of Tobago. It wa» taken from the French by the Englifli, in 1793 ; and again taken in 1S03. Lon. 60 30 w, lat. 1 1 6 N. Scardona, a town of European Tur- key, in Dalmatia, and a Greek bilh«>p'a lee. The Venetians ruini-d thr fortifi- cations, and the principal buildings, in 1537; but the Turks have fince put it in a ftatc of defence. It is feated oa V\'*\ it I sen the Chcrca, J5 tn nw Sp.ilatro. Lon. 17 I K| lat. 44 39 N. Scar/iao,i town of Tiifomy, with ,1 CAdIr featcd on the fcacoan, >t in t Scnrftantt, an ifland in the Mcditcr- rancan, iH m lonix and 6 Droad, lyinjj (w of Rhodes. It ii nioiimiiiioim an I rocky, abounds in c;ittlr;iii \ n;imi', and has quarries '>f murMi'. T"ic Turks are mailers <»f it, hut the inh ibitants are Greeks. The principil town on ihe w coaft has a R(»od harbour. Lon. 17 4J B, lat. is 45 N. Scarpe, a river of Franc*', wliich rifJ's near Aubigne, in the dtpirrrnent of P.ia dc Caiai,", pailes by Arra^, Donay, and St. Aiuand, and enters thf Scheldt, at Mort.igne. Scar^fria, a town of Tnfcany, cele- brated for its ftoel manufaklitures, 13 m N Florence. Hcauro, the c.ipital of the illmd of Santorin, and the iee of a Latin bifhop. It ftands on a lofty volcinic rock, which pn)je6is into the road, on the w coaft of the ifland. Lon. 25 26 k, lat ,;j6 28 N. Schafhaufin, a canton of SvvilFerland, 15 m lonjj and 10 broail ; bounded on the w and n' by Su.ihi 1. k by the can- ton of Zurich aiul the biihopric of Con- rtance, and s by the fame an. I Thurjiau. The reformation was int.oduccd here in 1529, and the religion is Calvinifm. The country al)Oui, and hi, plfjity of game, wood, and hfli. The chief town in Comorn. Scliui/tfr, i'ort, Old and Nt-w, both in the ftate of New York, on Mohawk ri- ver ; the OIil 4 ni below, and the Newr 7 above Whiteitown. The latter is mont ulually called Fort Staiiwix. Seliui/!kil, a river of Pennfylvani.i. which rifes nw of the Kittatinny moun- tains, and is navigable from above Read, ing to its entrance into the Oelawaie, j m below Philadelphia. Sihwabach, a town of Fraticonia, in the principality of Anfpach, with nu' merous manufatflures; b-atnl on a river of the fame name, which flows into the Rt'dnitz, (2 m E by N Anipach. Schfwalbacht a town of Germatiy, i:i the county of Naflau, frcquentt'd for m niinetal waters ; fcated on the river Aa, 31 m w Frankfort. ScliwiiUubtirg, a town of VVcllnhalii. in the county of Lippe, 18 m n t I'adir- born. Schivan, a toirn of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Mecklenburg, on the river Warnovv, 10 m N Guftrow. Sc/invantiorf, a town of Havana, in tlic principality of Neuburg, on the rivir Nab, 11 m N Ritifbon. StliiuaneHjladt, a town of AulMri, near which the French gained a dccilive virtory over the Auftrians in 1800. It is ieated on the Ager, 25 m sw Lmi»z. Sch'-wartxbiirgi an ancient c^illle <'t Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, wliiiti gives name to a comity. The county is divided into two r>arts, the upper and lower, of which Rudelftadt and Soii- derfliaufen are the chief towns. Th- cadle is feated on the Schwartz, 7 m sw Rudelftadt. ^'{Jiivartzenbergf a town of Franco- nia, in a principality of the fame name, with a caftle, feated on the Lee, 24 m ESE Wurtzburg. Schivartzenberg, a town of Upptr Saxony, in Milnia, with wire and lace manufadlures. In the vicinity are iron- forges, and mines of tin and lead. It is 10 m W8W Annaberg. Sc/iSi/nvfrtf, a town of Wtftphalii, in the eo'.inty of Mark, 011 the river Itoer, 7 m 'i Dortmund. Sch-wetz, a town and caftle of Pruf- fia, in Pomcr.mia, fituate on the Villula, 7 ni N Culm. Schvjii-bujfen, a town of Siicfia, capi- tal of a circle of \u name (infiilutcd by Poland and the New in.irk of Branden- burg) belonging to the priocipaliiy of Glogau. It has a caflle, a catholic church, a prottltant church, good cloth manufactures, and fertile gardens and vineyards. It is 13 m n Zullichau. Lon. 15 47 t, lat. 5z 21 N. Hc/iivinburj^, a town of Denmark, on the s coaft of the illand of Funen, witli the bell luibour in the ifland, and ma- nufaihires of woollen and linen. It is 23 m bSK Odenfte. Lon. 10 30 E, lat. 55 JO N. Sciacca ; fee Xacca. Sriati, an ifland of the Archipelago, lying 14 m NNEof Ncgropont,atidalmoft at the entrance of the gulf of Salonichi. It io 10 m long and 4 broad. Lon. aj 40 f, lat. 39 24 N. Scielit or iiic/iili, a town of Sicily, in Val di Noto, and county of Modica ; feated in a rich plain furrounded by hills, az m w by s Noto. Sciglio, a town of Naples, in Calabria Ultra* on the fide of a rocky promon- tory, called Scylla, or Cape Sciglio. In the terrible earthquake of 1783, the aT ?v.. I ' •: k 1 SCI j'f^ wii thrown fiMioiifly ^ m iiil.ind, and (Ml ill irtiiri) ('wrpt iifl' the prince ofScikflio, will) 147 I f>f' the ii)li.'tbit.iiit(i, wliM, l)(>piiig tu fiii»l (Vciirity, wnr then nti thrSi'yIi.i flrntid, or in liuatu iic^r tlir rtiorc. It ii 10 m » by r Ur^K'io. Sci/Zi/, a cliirtrr «if immiTouM incii aihI rockn. iif the rmrnnc** of ilc Ktn;litli and St- Ororj{f chAnticU, lyitip almoft 10 league* w of ilif I,:indsrnd, in ('«>rn- Kvill. Of filed' only lix arf iiih.it)ilfd portt is well fnrtifird, and containii nv)r«*tli.in half of tht> whole population. In this ifie, and in two or three othfrs, are various antiquities, particularly thr remains of u temple of the Druidi, and ancient fepulchrcH. On that of St. Ag- nes Is n lighthoulf*, witich, with the gallery, is 51 feet high, and a very fine column. At the outi-rmoll extremity of the ifle of St. Martin is a (camaik, biiilt with rockftunr, and usconl'picuous by diiy as the liglithoulc on St. Akuch, but not fo high and large. The Sci'ly rocks have been f.ital to numbcrj of fhips entering the F.nglifh channel. One of the mofl difaftrous eventH of this kind happened in I/07, when three men of war pcrifliedt with admiral fir Cloudtflpy Shovtl and all their crews. St. Ai;iiefl lighthoufe is in lun. 6 19 w, lat. 49 54 N. SeiJ/i/, a group of iflcs or fhoal?, in the Pacific ocean, difcoveri'd by captain Wallis in 1767, and dcl'cribcd as very dangerous. Lon. 15 <; 3c w, l.tt. 16 30 s. Scio, or C'/iio, an ifland of the Archi- pelago, near the coaft of Natolia, nw of Samos. It is 36 m lung.md ij broad, and a mountainous country ; yet vari- ous kinds of fruit grow in the fields, fuch as oranges, citrons, olives, mul- berries, and pomegranates, interfperlcd with myrtles and jafmines. The wine ofScio, fo cclebratt d by the ancients, is ftill in great efteem; but the ifluul is now principally dillinguilhcd by the profitable culture of maftic : it has alfo fome trade in filk, cotton, and fiijs. It is computed that there are 4000 Turks, 60,000 Greeks, and 2000 Latins, on this inai)d. The Turks took it from the Genoefe in 1566. Befide the town of the fame name, it contains 69 vdlages all inhabited by Greeks i and thofe which furnifh maftic are the molt rich and populous. S C I. .V(7«. a feaport and thr cnpii.d of an ill.ind of the fame name, and .1 bdlit- % fee* It i« the b.-lt built town In the Arcliipt'lagoi the houlet bring romnx)- dion<«, lotneof iHrni terraced, anil utiirri eovere.l with tile*. The cUHe in an olj eiMtIc I liuilt by the (/enocft, in which ih*" Tiirkt h.ive a garnfoii. The har. hour is a rcndexvoui for lhip«, that go to or erm't' fioni Connuntinople: it will contain Ho vcllils, is prnteCled by a Inw mole, and \< ih two lighthoule«. It ftandi on the e fide of the illand, 67 m w Smyrna. Lon. 26 la k, lat- j8 16 n, Siioto, a river of the ft.ite of Olii... which riles near the fo'ircr- of tiie S;n. diilky, a hoatable water of Lake Etic, and Hows 5 to the Ohio, which it ru- tern :)0() m below Pittfburg. It i'. n.ivj- g.iMc by laiT?r barges 150 m, and by i'mall boats to its lource, whence thnr is a portage of only 4 m tu the S-in* dufky. Sciplot a town of New York, chief of Onoiidago county. It is feated on t) 1 K lidc ol t'ayuga lake, 95 m w Coopcri- town. Lon 76 51 w, lat 42 44 N. Srirn, or Sciros, an ifland of ihe Ar- chipelago, to the w of Mctelin. ft i« 1; m long and 8 broad, and a mnuntiiii ouH country, but has no mines Tlir vine:) make the beauty of the idand, .inij the wine is cxcelh'nt j nor do the n,i lives want corn or wood. It contain^ only the village and convent of .M Ge(Mge, bot^ built on a conical rock, 10 m from the harbour of St. Georgf Lon. 34 38 K, lat. 38 54 n. Scituatft a town of Manachufets, in Plymouth county, with u harbour, on an inlet of MallachufetB bay, 15 m n Plymouth. Scituate, a town of Rhode Ifland, in Providence county, near which is a foundery for cannons and bells. It is 11 m ssw Providence, and 27 nw New- port. Sclavonia, a country of Europe, lying between the rivers Drave and Daniiln; on the N, and the Save on t! c s j bound- ed on the w by Croatia, from which to the conflux of the Save with the Danube it is 150 m in length, and from 25 to 45 in breadths It is a fertile level coun- try, divided into fix counties, and be- longs to the hnufe of Auftria. The eallern part is called Rat/ia, and the in- habitants Rafcians. Theie form a par. ticular nation, and are of the Greek church. The ancient Sclavonia con- tained many hrge countries; fomehave extended it from the Adriatic to the Euxine fea, and fay that it bad its name from the ScUvi, a Scythian nation, «b» B f.inquf f»»d Hreecr ilie reijiii of eni(>« UnvuagQ of Sclat tit \o>\r otiierv, nni I'.iry, Hohemia, Pol Sionf, or Scaen, ; oil the r. fide of ih i'erlli Here i« an bie ol a mori* anci, kifijr* «»f Scotland i and on .1 eeiihr.itrd rcmond to i'.r^'l.ou Sfi)/itio, nn iflaml in in long anti j br< .*«uiii. Lon. n t,cj Sro/iia, or U/iiiii, Turkey, in M.icedoi lli()[)'ii fee. It iN eel iiiif.k'turc of Moroec rd on the Vard.ir, ov o( 1 a arches, 90 in NNw Salmiica. Lo 40 s. Scot/tin J. or Xorf/i frnof llietwo kinirdi illiiid of (;re.it Uri ilivided. h ib bom the -Atlantic ocean, t t by the Oci man ote and k by the Itiih | ullit appertain the ill; coaft, called the IM iihiids, and thole |.) Oikney and Slu-tlaiu to s it extends 2;o 1 IriMdth is 150, but i ■tiiove .^o; and no pa 40m from tlic coaft. Iqiiare miles, or 18.61 tinmber of inhabitant I'toi.and i,8o5,68H •It the army and navy 'if'h part may be a( c,Vi\a\ into two didr '"nl the Lowlands; plied to the mountain ^"iilNwof the Gram latter to the mote lev '•"id St. But natu pi'iiited out three g Scotland. The firft, IS formed by a chai.- crofs the country, froi "y to the found of » ^er Jiiiliiii«ti. Thi* UnwuAB'J «»f Scl.iv"ni,i I- the mothrr •)l four titiiera, namr!y (hnr*- nt llinf H,«ry, Hohrmin, Pi)|.in\]nf^t ot Xntlind, on tite * Hilt* of the riv.-r 'I'liy, j in n IVilli Here \% a n'ltrd paUcr, on the liif ot A mor'- Atioinu one, where the lunifn of SoiflAnd iiltd to be crowned, ;i[if/o, nn iditn*) of the Archlp«l» inin Umf and j hro^d, lyinn n n\ R oi* Kii'i- Lt>n. ».i ^o «, lat. ,<«) i\ s. Siof>ia, or U/tiu6, :\ town of Kinoptvin Turkey, in Mac«-doni;i, niul an aithbi- lliop -t f«'i*. It in c«'li-l)r;«t<'d for the ma- mifu'lurc of Mororcn ieatlirr, and Icat- nl on thi* Viirdar, over which is a lirid^e ot 12 archei, (;o m K Scutari, and 170 NNvv Sjli/tiica. Loi). at ij Ct lat. 41 40 V. Scotland, or Surtli liritain, thrnorth- rrn of thi* two kinytloim into which the iiliiul of Oreat Britain was formerly divided, r. ib bonndcd on the w by tlie Atlantic ocean, N by the North loa, y by the Griman oiean, sb by England, n\\^ » by tilt' liilli fia. 'I'o Scotland alfii appertain thr illand^ on its weftcrn io:ift, called the H. brides, or VVcflern iihiuls, and tl>ol°c- t>) the nk called the Uikney and Shetlaml iflandi. I'Vom N to s it extends 170 ni, and the grcatrft iTiMdth is 150, but in (bmc places not ;ilK)vt> ^0 ; and no part is diOant above 40m from the coaft- It contains 29,167 U|iure miles, or 18,666,880 iicres. Tlie iiimber of inhabit.ints was 1,399,068 in i'e paito of Nor- way, is rxtrcmely cold : but from its infular fituation, the frolls are far from beiiiy fo ill ten fr as in parts of the conti- nent equally as far to the N. The weft coad is rubjie*t to freijuent rains in the liimmer, and to Cudden changen of weather. In many places on the eaRcrn fiiore, and in the whole Ibuth divifion* the climate is not inferior to the north pari of England. The products of the cmiiitiy arc griin, llax, wo.)d!* of oalc and fir, coal, lead, iron, freeftone, limefi' ne, flato, the' molt beautiful marble, tine rock- •ryllals, pearls, varie- gattt! pebbles, Sfc .it feeds vaft herd* ofciltlc and flockf of Iheep : they are both Iniall, but mu "h valued for the de- licacy of their flelh ; and the Ibece of the latter emulates the fineft Spanifii wool. It is on the higii grounds that the cattle are fo diminutive ; for in many parts of the country, Jie horfes and c.»w(« .ire not excelled in lize and beauty by tholi: of the Englilh breed. Among the wild animalu are the roe, ftag, fox, badger, otter, hedge-hog, rabtjit, wealel, mole, and other fmall quadrupeds. Among the feathered race are the capercailzie, or cock of the wood, the eagle, falco.i, partridge, quail, fnipc, plover, black game, ««. aT» !■$ K^' 8CU Scmtand wai goverrird hv a king before thr Koin.int vilitrd KngUiul, jml coti« tinned III Irulruciulriit kioKdom till thr (Irjlti of the EiiKliiii (|uccii 1-Jii4b«tht whti) lamc) VI iif ScotlAiid, thi* tiioU ImmrJiote hrir, W4« c«ltrd to (he throne of KngLttuI, tinil condaiiily ntidcd In the latter : hu 4nd hi* fiiccrifor* oaliinx thrmr«-lvr« Itinua of i''.ngl.ind and N-oi« land, and racn country haviiii; .1 ic|M> rate p.uli4mrnt, till the yi'.u i7<>7, in thr rci^n of t|urt'ii Anne* whrn lioth kingdom! were united under the gene* ral name of Orr^t Britain. The conn* tirt Und one mcnitx'r r^ch to p4rli.i» ment, rxcrpt Bntf iind C.iitliiicU, Cro- marty and Nairn, Kinrol'it and Cl^ck- mann^n, which UmkI mt-mbfrt in con- J(in<*tioni lo th.it thr couniici lend jo niembi'ri, which with 15 frnt l»y thr citica and liorougii* make thr 4^ com> moncra (i'tit by Scotland ) ^md 16 prera are elected to nprcrcnt the nobility. Thr e!>abli(he«l rfligion it the prrfby- terian, which ia ntiutrjli-it principally aftrr thr CilviniHical pUn frttlrd at Gi'nfva, and on .1 jteneial principle of an c(|U.ility of «xclrli.i(\ical nutliority .itnonn itH prrlbytera. There are tew Roman c.itholicii, nor are Ih** rpilco- paliuni numeruu^. With rcfpi'^t to the trade and maniifiif^nrcH, ih( y arr no- ticed under the rcfpc^tivc citicN and towni. Kdinburg is the capital. Scutari, a llroiig town of Europca.i Turkey, in Albania, capital of a pa- chalic, and a biihop'i (ire, with a cadle on a rock. It hai four fuburbs, .ind carrtea on a confiderabic trade. 'I'he chief mannf'atiture is Mnroccu leather. It ii featcd on the lake Labeutie, near it! outlet, the river Bojana, 64 m n by w Durazzo. Lon. k; 16 K, I.M. 4a 3 J N- Scourit, a town of Scotli.nd, on the w coafl of Sutherland Ihirr, and the s fui^ of a commodious bay, to which it giv. s name, 56 m nw Dornoch. Lon. 4 sz w, lat. 58 24 N. Scutari, a town of AfiUic Turkry, in Natolia. which is confidered as a tub- urb of Condantinuplc- It Aands on ihe ftrait oppoltte that city; and prelcnts itfelf like an ampliitheatrc, affording a piftorefque vit-w from the mixture of trees, houles, mofqucs, and minarets. This town fervcs as an emporium and a rendt-zvoHs to the caravans of Alia, and has fonic manufadlures of iilk and cotton ftufl's. Here are cxtcnfive bu- rying'grounds, (haded with lofty cy> prefl'es. The rich Turks of Conftanti- nople prefer being interred here; for they coniider Afia as a laud belonging to the tnte briirvrra, and brtl< «e tki| thif land of Kniopc will one lUy Ull into thr haniU of ChrilduM, and \y trotldrn on by inAd«li. 5i.utJit liamili K Conrtantinoplc. Stifllit, 4 r«Kk near thr rntrancr qf the ttiaiiof Miliiii.i, on the coalt of (4. I.d)ria, oppoltte the celebraird ( liiryh diit. It torm* a (null pronioiitory m thr narrowrit pan ol thr (trait, .nul 1, thr I'imnut Hcyll.i ol ihc anciint piMti It due* not comr up to the formidable Urfcription given by iiomer, noriitht palT.i^e fo narrow and difficult a* ht ri . priffnt* It i but it is prob.dilc that tin brr,idth it greatly increafcd I'tiice Im time. The rcwrk it nearly 100 feet \\\^\\\ and on the lide of it llandu the town ut Scixlio, whence the prtnnontoty i, funictimet called Capr SciKli"' Smfurd, a town of Sult'ta, and om- of the Cinque I'orts. Itt forti arr in , Rate of del^enct; but it ha* no markrr, and it* trade and harbour arc now ut little conlr(|ucncr. It is (eatrd ncii the Englilh channel. 10 m ISB Lewci, aiiil 60 N hy »■ London. Staton, a town of Scotluid, in IIuI. ingtonfhire. Here is a ruinuui paUn, in which qurcn .Mary occalionaify kept her court. It ban a conndti able trade in lalt and co.il. and i^ litiiate on the frith of Forth, 9 m v. Ldinburg. Serctrii, a province on the n co.ift ut Bnilil, watered by llie river Snan, which riles in the mountains far interior in the country, and flowi sk to ibe occau. The capital is of the lamename, Atuate on a hill, to the right of the port and near the river, and defended by a fort. Another fort below drfendi the harbour, which ii large and convenient, but not of (ufficient depth for large vcl- fda. Lon. 38 ay w, lat. 3 ji ». Selajlia, a town of Syria, in Palenint, the remains of the ancient city of Sa- maria. It is 34 m NNE Jorufalem. Sfbaflian, St. a city and leaport of Spain, in Bifcay, (rated at the foot of a mountain, on the top of which iiun ancient caltle in ruins. The harbour is fmall, (t'cured by two moles, and a narrow entrance for the Ihips. The town is fun oundcd by a double wall, and fortified toward the (ea. Itiatht capital of the diftridt of Guipnfco.i, and carries on a gre,it trade, p.irticularlyin iron, Heel, and wool. St. Seb.illian was taken by the French in 1794; s"*! retaken by ftorm in i«i3, by the allm under lord WeUington. It is 50 ml Bilboa, and 50 kw Pamplona. Lod.| 1 56 w, lat. 43 24 N. Htbajlian, Hh a town ofNewSpam* iti Iht pmvlnct c on thr MJiatUn, Un l.on. I )5 j( S4 ha/ha n, St, • | ill thr provmcr oi fur rxcellcnt cacar Srlti/haii, Si, t vincc of Kio j mei with a citadel on 1 forts. The city i harbour , and Uh crowned with woo and ehiirchrs. It 1 llrerts arv' mofl of fi'fting r.ich other thr houfis, in uene two (\orirs high, very fine | and the p.iradc in this city FKipilh countries in lour is very comir row entrance defe Hrre nre manufatfl and cochineal. T nics carry on their parts of the town king fet apart fo On tnr n fide of a (j p:ilace ; and there l(|uarc«, in which plied with water conliderable lengtl v.illey by a double I mint is one of the illing, and furnilln veiiicnces necefla great expedition, vent and a fort point, jutting int lite which ii S* there are a dock-' n.ival (torehoufes the harbour, at Loiigo, are the w ception, and prepa Haves imported fr balban is a bifhop the feat of the roya who arrived here fealed near the m neiro, in the Allan lat. 21 54 s. ^^tbajHan, (.'ape extremity of Mad *» lat. I J 30 s. ^fbajio/>o/, or Kuflia, and the fi Crimea. It has o h»rbour8 in the it might contain and it is the chief fca fleet. Thecit Qfahill, which d Wns. The old * n V. n III thff pmvincr of ChUmctUn. fliuati* uii thr M4««tUn» 60 m MVW Chi4mrl- Un L«>n. 105 it, l«t. 14 to n. SfhAjUmttt ^1' * town nl Trrm Firms, III Ihf provincr of C.irliMi, crlrtiritrd for rxcrllciit cac«o, 40 m «iivv I<<>i>n. .SVi/t///««. St, thci-fipital of thr pro* vincc of Kio j inclri»t nikI of a\\ Hr.ilil, with • citadel «in 4 hill, .md iiiirtirTotis forti. The city Itandi 4 m w of the lurhour, 4tid Iwliiiui it arc hi)(h hilli rrciwiird with wondi, coiivi nti, houlti, Aiui chiirchrH. It it .) m in circuit ; the llrcft* urc iikofl lit them n.iirow, inter* feeing r.ich Other «t riftht .tnalet \ and thr houfc*. In urneral, lire of iiont', ;uid two ftorir* high. The churtlic* art* very Hue t »nd there ii more rrligioui p;iridc in thi« city, than in any ot the popilli countriri in Miirope. 'i he har- liour it wry conimodioun, with a n.ir* row entrano' dcfcndrd hy two forti. ilrrc lire manufj«5liirca of liiKar, rum, and cochineal. Th«* ilifft rent mtcli.i- nictCiirryon their burinci'it in dillinCt Fiarti of the town; partii'ular nr<>cti icing fet apart for particular trade*. On the » fulc of a Cp.icioim f(|u.irr ii the pilace ; and there an; Icver.il other l<|u.irci, in which arc fountaiiix, (ap- plied with water by an aciucdiidl of tiinrulfrable length, brought over a v.illoy by a double tier of arche*. The mint is one of the fincfl buildingM <*x* ilting, and furnilhcd with nil thr con* venicnccs ncccdaiy for coining with great expedition. A Denedidinc con- vent and a fort arc on the extreme point, jutting into the harlmur, oppo- lite which in S«'rpcnt ifland, where there are a dock-yard, maga/invs, and n.ival llorchoufes. In niiother part ol the harbour, at a plac** called Val Lnngo, are the warchoulcs for the rc- cpplion, and preparation for fale, of the Haves imported from Africa. St. Sc- baiVian is a bifhop'i fee, and at prcfent the feat of the royal family of Portuj?al, who arrived here, Jan. 8, i8oH.» It is feated near the mouth of the Rio Ja- neiro, in the Atlantic. Lon. 41 44 w, Ut. 21 54 s. ^ebajhan, ('ape St. n cipe at the Nvv extreniity of Madagnlcar. Lou. 46 aj t, lat. 12 30 s. ^(bojlopol, or Aktiar, a foaport of RulTia, and the fiift maritime town of Crimea. It has one of the moft fccurc hjrbours in the world, while for fize it might contain all the Kuirnn fleets ; and it is the chief ftation of the Black fca licet. The city is built on the fide Qfahill, which divides two of its fine barins. The old Tartar houfcs are ftnall SF n arid ill bulli t hut along the quajr aru fome iirw biiildingi in a g(NM} laAe. || Hindi on p.irt of the liie of X\\v ancient ('•ly ttf Cherlonrfu*. where was the la* mou4 temple oi Omdi Taiiric.M and voiiflderiible ruins and 4nti(|uilies are yrt difcoverjblr. |i u 4.) ni ns^v gym* nheiop/, flowH within 6 m of that city, palFes by thar of Mequinez, and enters the octaii at Mamora. It abounds with a rich (pecies of lalriioii, called (bebbcl. Sebour^, a town of France, in the department of Nord, 5 m a Vulen« cienucs. Sfl)U \ fie 7,fhu> Seltf. \ ice Krjh. Seehurn, a town of Peru, in the bithop- ric of Truxillo, inhabited by IndiaiiH, who are chiefly employed In fiihing or driving mules. Here commences a fandy «letert, which extends 80 m fouthwnrd. The town ftandb on a river of the fame name, 3 m from the ocean, and iJlo NNw Truxillo. Lon. 81 10 K, lat. 5 55 «■ Seckatt, a town of Germany, In Stirla» feated on the Oayle, «; m n Judeiiburg. Seckinxen^ a town of Suabia, the fmallcft o»' the four Forcft towns. Here is a convent of noble nuns, whofe abbcfs \y,is a priiicel's of the empire. It is fcited on an ifle, ft»rmed by the Rhine, over which is a bridge, 1 1 m w Bafel. Seckington, a village in ^^'arwicklhire, ;i m NE Tamwonh, famous for a battle in 757, between Cuthrod king of the W Saxons, and Mthelbaid, king of the Mer- cians. On the N fide of the church is the ruin of a fort, and near it an arti" ficial hill, 45 feet high. iiVJflw, a itrotig town of France, capi- tal of the department of Ardennes. It is deemed one of the keys of the coun- try ; and has a ftrong caftle, an arfenal» a foundery of cannouj and a manufac- % :^:' SEG ture of finr cloth. The famous marfhal Turcnne wag bom in the cad Ic. Sedan is feated on the Meiifo, a6 n» se Charle- mont, and 135 ne Paris. Lon. 4 58 e, lat- 49 42 N. Sgdafi'vagur, a town of Hindooflan, the molt northern on tfie coalt of (.'a- nara ; feated on th«; n fide of the »'lln- ary of a river, which enters into a deep biy, ftieltcred by ihtee iflands, one cf them fortified, and the entuiDce dLfcnd- cd by a fort on a Idtty hill. It is 50 m SK Goa, and 95 s nw Kiuidapura. Lon. 74 15 E, lat. 14 51 N. Sedberff, a town in W Yorlvfliire, with a marltet on Wedneld;i,y, iiiittd Ti'.'ar the Uotiier, on the borders of Wefimorl.ind, 1 1 m e Kendal, and 265 Kw London. Seehauferiy a town of Brandenburg, in the Old mark, nearly furrounded by the Aland, la m w Haveiberg. Seelbttrgt a town of the duchy of Courland, on the river Dwina, 70 m e by 8 Mittau. Seeloiv, a town of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark, 10 ra sw Ciifirin. Seer^ a fcaport of Arabia, capital of a principality, in the province ot Oman. It has a good harbour, and the navy of the prince is one of the moft confidera- ble in the gulf of Pcrfia. It is 108 m wsw Julfar. Lon. 54 38 e, I- .. 25 10 n. Seffent a town of Lower .Saxony, in the duchy of Brunfvvick, feated on a fmall lake, 14 m sw Goflar. SetK^ a town of France, in the de- partment of Orne, and a bifliop's fee. It is feated in a fine country, n«*ar the fource of the Orne, 12 m n Alen^on, and 102 w by s Paris. Lon. o i j e, ht. 48 36 N. Stgeberg, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Holftein, with a caftle, on a high mountain, confiding of lime- ilone, large quantities of which are carried to Hamburg and Lubec- It is feated on theTrave, 15 m www Lubec. Segedin, a ftrong town of Hung.iry, with a caftle, taken from the Turks in 1686. It is feated near the Tiefle, op- pofite the influx of the Maros, 105 m ssE Peft. Lon. 2035 e, lat. 46 18 n. Segefwar, a town of Tranfylvania, capital of a coimty of the fame name. It is fituatc on the fideof a hill, near the river Kokel, 47 m n Hermanltadt. Lon. 2455 s. lat. 47 4 tf. Segijian, a province of Perfia, bound- ed on the N by Balk, E by Cabul, Can- dahar, and Moultan, s by Mekran, sw by Kerman, and nw by Chorafan. This country onee rivalled in profperity the nioft flourifhing provinces of the einpire» SEO but Is now in a deplorable condition. The greater part of it is ll.it, fandy, aiul uninhabited ; and during the four hut months a wind frfcjuently blows \\\\\\ fuch violence, as to overwhelm hoiilcs, gardens, and fieUlg with clouds of (and. 1 here arc, however, m;my fpril'^'s and rivers, the banks of which affotd I'ood paltnr^ige, and are well cultivntcd in the vicinity of iho towns ; but niiny of the natives are (h> pherd", who live a wandiriiig lite, and pitch their Wwu amid the 1 iiins of .^'icient p.ilaces, / ■- rang is the e;ipital. Si-giiu, a fciiporr of Morlachia, cnpi- tal of Iluntiarian Dalma'ia, and a \}. (hop's fee, with a fcit. It is fe;it d on the y;ulf ol" V'tiiice, 100 m nw Spolclio. Lon. 15 21 E, lat. 45 22 N. Sfgni, a town of Itnly, in Campapni di Uoma. Organs ,n-c iiiul to have kcu invented here- It is featuj on a moun- tain. 30 m SE Rome. Sfgo, a city of Negrol.'tid, the c.i. piul of Bimbara. It confifts of four walled towns, two on each fide of the riverNiger, which contains about 30.000 inhabitants; and a., the Moors form a confit'erahle proportion, their morqiic; appear in every quarter. The houlis are built of eUiy, of a fqiiare form, with flat roofs ; fome of them have two fl.ories, and many of them are while- waflied. The currerrt money confiOs of courics, a kind of fliells. It is 290 m wsw Tombuctoo. Lon. 2 46 w, lat. 14 15 N. Segorhe, a city of Spain, in Valencia, and a bifh'p's fee. Here are many well-cultivated gardens, and a famous fountain. The vicinity abounds in every kind of fruit, and in the adjacent moun- tains are quarries of fine marble. It is feated on the fide of a hill, by the river AJorvedro, 35 m n by w Valencia. Lon. o 28 w, lat. 39 5s N. Segovia^ a city of Spain, in Old Cuf. tile, and a bilhnp's fee, with a caftle. It ftands on two hills and the vallty between them, on the sw fide of the Erefma ; and is furroui.dcd by a Ihong wall, flanked with towers and rampirts. It is fupplied with water by a Rnm.in aquedudt, 3000 paces in length, liip- ported by 177 arches of a prcd gioiis height, in two ftories. Here th-.' belt cloth in i!pain is made, which is one part of itf, trade, and another is very fine papc-r. The cathedral ftands on one fide of the great fquare, and is one of the handfomeft Gothic ftrudures in Spain ; befide which there are 27 other churches. The caftle is feated in the higheft part of the town, and has it) :ondition. iiii'iy, ami fniir hot lows with m hoiifon, Its of land. 'I il•^'R ami fold I'Dod tivntcd in II m.uiy of lio live H licir teitj ices, Z- ;liia, cMpi- 'iIUl a l;i. fc;it' (1 on ^ipolcltu. Campafini have htcii III a mouii- H, the ci. (Is of four fide of the )oiit 30,000 018 form d ir mofquci; The houlis form, Willi have two arc while- ley conlitts • It is 290 a 46 w, lat. n Valencia, are many 1 a fnmpus ids in every cent moiin- irbli'. It is i^y the river jiicia. Lon. in Old Ciif. h a caftle. the valley lide of the by a itroiig J raiupqrts. y a Roman ;i)gth, iiip- pn>d gioiis re tl)'.' belt lich is one ler is very ftands on and is one rui\ SEL Selbofoe, a town of Norway, in the province of Dronthtim, on the n fide of a lake, i8 m sr Droiiih<'im. Sfibt/, a town ill W Yorkfhire, with a market on Monday. It is the birth- place of Henry i, whofi* father, Wil- liam I, built an abbey hero ; and the conventual church is now the parifli church. A canal p.ifTe* he';ce to Leeds, and fhips are built here. It is ieatcd on the Oufe, over which is ont? of the com- pleteft timber bridges in the kingdom* urns York, and iSo n by w London. Selfttgin/k, a fortified town of Rudia, in the government of Irkutfh, with a fort. The vicinity yields a great quan- tity of rhubarb, and ftands on the Se- Icnga, at the Influx of the Chilok, 84 m SE Irkutfh. Loa. 107 28 e, lat. .51 16 N. S''lenth a town of European Turkey, in Caramania, at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 50 m wsw Seleik. Sclejkt anciently Seleucia, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Caramania, feated on a river 5 m from the fea, and 8o ssE Copnl. Lon. 34 36 e, lat. 36 40 n. Seli^enftadti a town of Germany, in the late eleiftorate of Mentz, with a Benedi(ftinc abbey ; leated at the con- flux of the Gernfpentz with the Maine, 14m E Frankfort. Selimbriat or Se/ivira, a town of Eu- ropean Turkey, in Romania, and an archbifhop's fee. It was a large place, but is now much decayed, and hands on the fea of Marmora, 35 m w Con- ftantinople. Lon. 28 12 k, lat. 4 r 4 n. Selkirk, a borough of Scotland, the capital of Selkirkfhire, with a manu- fadlure of boots and fhoes. The num- ber of inhabitants was 2098 in i8or, and 2422 in 181 1- It is feated on the i^ttrick, near itsconfluxwith the Tweed, 30 m SSE Edinburg. Lon. 2 46 vv, lat- 55.14N. Selkirkjhiret a county of Scotland, bounded on the n by Edinburgfliire, E by Berwickftiire and Roxburgfliire, s by Dumfiiesihire, and w by Peebles- shire. It is a hilly country, 28 m long and 18 where broadcft. The number of inhabitants was 5070 in 1801, and 5889 in 18 1 1. It fends a member to parliament. The chief rivers are the Tweed, Ettrick, Yarrow, and Gala. Selles, a town of France, in the de- partment of Loir and Cher, on the jiverCher, 10 m sw Romorcntin. Seitz, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Rhine, fcited on the Rhine, 43 m nne Slrafburg. Seltzer, or Lower Seltzer, a town of Germany, in the late archbiihopric of SEM Treves, celebrated for a fpring of mi- neral water, which is exported in great quantities. It is fituatepn the Emibacli, 30 m F ('oblentz. Semaiiat, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Irak, leated on the Euphrates, when; a toll is ccillcdtcd. It is 1 20 m nw Baffora. Lon. 46 15 e, lat. 32 2 v, Sfm/jm>-(r/ieru filler, 3» m nne E Senlij, a '.own o pattmeut of Oife, S EN Bonaparte previous to the battle of Marciigo. Semur en Auxois, a town of France, in th« department of Cote cl'Or, with a caftic on a rock, and a maniifadlure of cinih; fcatcdon the Armancon, 34 m w by N I)ijon, and i;^5 se Paris. Semur en Rriennois, a town ot Franco, in the department of Saone and Loire, 33 m w by 8 Macon, and 4s s Autun. Sena, or Alarza/i, a tt)wn ot" iMoca- ranpa, on the river Zamheze, where the Portugutle have a lactory. Lon. 35 3 t, lat. 17 40 s. Seneca, a l;>ke and river of New York, in Oiioiidago county. The lake is 30 m long and z broad, lying n and s be- twcpn tliofc of Canandaqua and Cayuga. At ihe N end is the town of Geneva ; and on the E lide, between it and Caynga lake, are the military townfliips of Romulus, Ovid, Hedtor and UlyflTeH. The river riles to the w of Geneva, pafl'cs by that town, and receives the waters of the lake. It afterward receives the waters of Cayuga lake, Canandaqua creek, and Salt lake, and then flows into the Onondago river. Stnectty a town of New York, in Onondago county, on the n fide of the falls in Seneca river, 1*4 m from its mouth, and a8 s Ofwego. Seneffi a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, where a battle was gained by the French over the prince of Orange, in 1674. It is 4 m s Nivelle. Senegal, a river that rifes in Negro- land, in (he mountains of Kong, flows won the fouthern confines of Zahara, and enters the Atlantic ocean, 120 m NEof Cape Verd- Its courfe is flexu- 0118 till it arrives within 6 m of the Tea, when it takes a fudden turn to the s, and for 75 m is feparated from the lea only iiy a ridge of land. Its mouth, nearly J m wide, is incommoded by a fliitting bar, which renders the palf.ige difficult and dangerous. Senegal, a country on the w coaft of Africa, lying on ariver of thefamename. The French built a fort on an ifland at the mouth of the river, and were mai- lers of the gum-trade. See Feuli, and Louis, St. Senez, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Alps, and formerly the fee of a bilhop. It is feated in a rough barren country, 15 m sse Dignc. Stnftenbergj a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, with a caftle, leated on the if Ifter, 3a m nnb Drefden. Senlis, a '.own of France, in the de» pattmeut of Oife, and lately a bifl)(^'8 SER fee. It is feated on the fide of a hill, by the river Nonettf, almolt fiirroiind- ed by a foreft, ao m nw Meaux, and 27 NK Paris. Sennar, a city of Nubia, capital of .1 kingdom of the /!ime name. It is 5 m in circuit, and very populous. The hoiifi's arc chirlly of nne ftory, with fl:tt roof's; but the liibuvbs contain only cottages covered with iceds. The palace, linroundfd by hig:h walls, is a confuRd heap (^f buildings. The heats are alinoll inliipporfaljlc in the d^iytime, except in tli" rainy feafon, which bep'ins in April and continues three months, and then the ur is nn- wholeibme. The commodities are ele- phants teeth, tamarinds, civet, tobacco, and pold-dufl:. Near the palace is a market fnr Oaves, where the females fit on one fide and the males on another, and the Egyptians buy great numbers of them every year. The merchandifa required here are fpices, paper, brafs, hardware, glafs beads, and a black drug, which is ufed to colour the eyebrows. The women of quality have flight gar- ments of filk, and wear rings of va- rious metals on their hair, arms, legs, ears, and fingers; thofe of low rank and girls, have cloths wrappi.d round them from the wailt to the knees. The men go almoft naked. Sennar is feated on an eminence, near the Nile. Lon. 30 o E, lat. 15 4 N. Sens, a town of France, in the de- partment of Yonne, and lately an arch- bifliop'slee. The cathedral is a hand- Ibme Gothic ftrudure. It is feated in a fertile country, at the conflux of the Vanne with 1 he Yon ne, 25 m N Auxerre, and 60 BE Paris. Lon. 3 17 e, lat. 4I la N. Sephoiiry, a town of Syria, in Palel^ tine, the ancient Sephor or S;ipphura, which was fortified by Herod, and made the capital of his tetrarchy. It afterward bore the name of Diocsefaria. Here are the remains of a ftately Gothic church, faid to have been ereijted over the habitation of Joachim and Anna, parents of the blellld Virgin ; and among its ruins fonie ancient paintings were difcoveredin 1801. It is la m SE Acre, and 18 wnvv Tiberias. Sepulveda, a town of Spain, in Old Caltiie, on the river Duraton, 38 m ne Segovia. Sera, or Sira, a town of Hindoofl;any in Mylbre, with a ftone fort of a good fize. It is the principal place in the central divifion of the rajah's dominions N of the Cavery, and carries on a confi- derable inland commerce. The chief I i"-\m»r^ .*■ 'm\ S E R prnducts fent hence arc cocoa-nuts, fu- gar, betlf nuts, bailc, Inc. flcel, oxen, biitTaloa, buttrr, and oil The whole of thf cloth riir»;'(' here is uf» d in the neigh- bourhood. Since the rtftorHtioJi of the rajah, in iTiyt), the fort has betn par- riioncd by l^ntiflj troops. It is 48 m sk Chittcldroog, and 84 n Sering;nrp:, on the lake La- doga, 60 ra NNE Wiburg. Lon. 30 15 Ey lat. 61 45 N- Sered, or Sztre4, a town of Hung.iry, on the river Waag, 30 m en e Prefburg. Serena^ a town of Spain, in Eftrcma- dura, 25 m e by s Mcrida. Serena, in Chili ; lee Coquimbo- Strft, or Serfante, an iflaiul of the Archipelago, lying 5c m nw of Naxia. It is 8 m long and 5 bioad, and full of mountains and rocks, in which are mines of iron and loadftone. The inhabitants are all Greeks, and have but one town, called St. Nieolo, which is a poor place. Lon. 25 10 E, lat. ^j 19 N. S^rgapr, a town of RuiVia, in the go- Tcrnment of Niznei Novogorod, 48 m 8E Niznti Novogorod. >Vrt //>^, a province on the conft of Bralil, to the s of that of fernambuco. It produces corn, fugar, and tobacco in coiifiderablc quantities, and has il.me filvcr mines Sergippy, or St- Chriflopher, a town of Brafil, capita! of the province of Ser- gippy, with a liarbour for fmall vcflels. It is ieated at the mouth of the Sergip- py, 1:0 m NF St. Salvador. Lon. 37 34 w, lat. II 20 s. Serignan^ a town of France, in the department of Herault, at the mouth of the Ombre, in the gulf of Lyon, 8 m se Beziers. Seringapatanit or Patana, a city of Hindooftan, capital of the s diftridt of Myfore, and lately of the whole coun- try. It is Iituated on an {{land, 3 m long and a mile broad, formed by the Cave- ry, which is here a rapid river, with a wide and rpcky chauoel. The ,ftre«tfi are narrow and confufed ; and the gf. ner.ility of the houles mean. The p,i. Iac< is very hirpr, and furroundrd hy a maffy wall of Hone and mud. Wiihout the walls of the city arc two gardens antl piiace.i; «nd near to one of them i."* thi- :n.niibl»Hin of Ilydcr. wherr hji foi' 'lli> rcpiif-E in ft.ite. In the fpaci; between tit t y and the two j^ardcnsiu the fubnrb call d Shahar G^Iljaln, whicli is rapidly incrciling on a r«gular pi.m. 1'h'' ci'y is ftrungly fortified ; notwilh- ftandiri},' whicli. lord Cornwallin, in 1791, here coinpeli<'d Tippoo to (i|.'n a treaty, by which hecededhiilfof hisdominions, and a;,'reed to pay a v.dl fiim of money to the Eii^lilh and their allies: and a new war breakinj; out in 1799, th«« Bri- tifli troops carried the fort by an adault, in which Tippoo wa.i killed. The city and tlic illand have fince been retained by the EngIKh, toward the fupport of th'J late fultan's family. A tnanufai^ure of gun-carriagts was eftablilhed here in 1802. Seringap.itimis lo m n Myfore, and 290 w by s Madras. Lon. 76 50 i, lat. 12 24 N. Serong, a town of Hindooftan, in Mahva, celebrated for its manufadiure of painted cottons ard chintzes. It is 140 m KNE Ougcin. Lon. 78 50 F,lat. 24 N. Serpa, a town of Portugal in Alen- tejo, with a caftle, leatcd on a rugged eminence, near the Guadiana, 38 m 8 by E Evora. Serpuchoft a town of RufTia, in the government of Mofcow, with a citadd The chiif trade is in corn and cattle; and here are fhops f(»lely appropriated to the lale of fandals made of linden bark. It is feated on tht Nara, near the Oka, 50 m 8 Mofcow. SarravaUe, a town of Italj', in Tre- vifano, with a caftle. It has cloth, woollen, and filk manufactures, and j trade in corn, wine, and honey. The cathedral contains fome fine paintingi, and the church of St. Augufta is a no- ble edifice. It U iltuate between two mountains, at the Iburce of the Maf- chio, 22 m N Trevifo. Serr s, a town of France, in the de- partment of Upper-Alps, 23 m sw Gap, Servia, a province of European 'lur- key, 190 m long and 95 broad ; bound- ed on the N by the Danube and Save, which feparate it from Hungary, Eby Bulgaria, s by Macedonia and Albania, and w by Bofnia. It is divided into four fangiacates, Belgrade, Semendriah, Scupio, and Cratowo. Belgrade is th{ capital. St^a, ^ ntvr dppartm^nt.of Fwnc*, ,ind joins (he Po, SBT Incbu^ltiR thf territories of Vercelll and MallfiHiio in I'u'ilmont, ai\(i that part of MiUnt'f*- lying w of the liver Tt-fin. It lias its name from a riv(.T, whicii rilijs in tin; Alpi on the borders of Vulnifi, nnd joins ihv !*«>, below Calal. The chi'f town h Vcrcrlli. Sei'slach, a town and caftle of Fran- cotiia, in ihc principality of Hambcrg, ,6 m N Binibtrg. Sijiot a town of Italy, in Milancfe, fcatt-d on the IVfin, where it ifTiH-H from tiif lake Mafrpiore, 15 m wnw Milan. Scjlos, a llrung cadlf of European Tnikcy. Sei- Dtinlanelles. Stfiire, Cnwd, or (ireat Paris, a town of Gnintfa, on tin* Gr;Hn coalt ; near wliich is Petit Seltre. It is one of the liiru'cft and moft commercial towns in theconntry. Lon. 7 o w, lat. 4 50 n. Si'jiri di Levaiite, a town of the ter- ritory of Genoa, feated on the e fide of a bay, 30 m ksk G«noa. Se tclieou, a city of Chin.;, of the firft xmV, in the province of Koei-tcheou. It is iiiuatt' among monntains, which yield cinnabar and Ihop'i (PC. It 1« fcated on a craggy rock, by the river Ncto, H m from the ft 1, nnd 4S »t KotFano. Lon. 17 14 e, lat \<.) te, N. Sevrrino, >'/■ a town of Italy, in the maiqu Idti- of Ancona, ieatcd betwcrn twi) hills, on the river Potcnza, 13 m AVsw M.ili-rata. Severinn, St- a town of Napln, in IVincipato Citra, on the river Sarno. 10 ni *v>w P.ilicaltro. Silvern, a livt-r rhat haR its rife in the mountain Piynlinimon. in Wuies. Flow- ing' firlt acrofa M iit>ionu'iy(hire, it en- ters Shropfliirc above the liryilitn hills, and is navigable i') '*"- whole coiirle through thiR county . itthcn entt-rsWor- celhrlhirt, and runs iiuongh its whole length into Glouiv llrifh re. In itsconile itwati'rsLlanvdlnrs.Ntwton,Welftipooi, Shrfwfbury, Bridti'iiorth, Bewdley, Worccltti, Upton. Tewki'fbury, Glou- ccAer, and rfiiivnliain. where it begins to widen roh^ds rably ; and entering the Tea, its month is called the Briitol Cihannel. This riv<^r has a communica- tion with the Thames, the Trent, the Dee, and the Merlcy, by different ca- nals. Severn, a river of Maryland, which Waters Annapolis, and enters by a broad dhiary into C^efipeak bay. Severndroo!f, a Itnall ifland of Hindoo- flan, on the coaft of Concan. Here was a ftrong fort that belonged to Angria the pirate, which was taken by commo- dore James, in 1756. It is 68 m s by E Bombay. Se-vero^ St. a town of Naples, in Ca- pitanata, fcated in a plain, 26 m w by n Alanfredoni.-i, and 75 ne Naples. Severus Wall, commonly called Gra- ham's Dike, in thew of Scotland. It is a work of the Romans, fnppofed to be done by the emperor whole name it bears, to prevent the incurfions of the Picts and Scots It began at Abercom, on the frith of Forth, 4 m ne Linlith- gow, and ran w to the frith of Clyde, ending at Kirkpatrick, near Dumbarton. Scvigny, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ardennes, i a m nw Rethel. Seville^ a city of Spain, capital of Andalufia, and an archbifhop's fee, feat- ed on the Guadalquiver. It was the capital of the kingdom, till Philip n cftabliihed his court at Madrid, as a SE V more Cffntricil pofition. Seville in (.f| round form, fortihcd bv (Irong wa!|» flanked with high toweri, and takcMip more ground than Madrid, although it now hag not abov 'ccoo inhabitantn. The Phenicians t . ,cd it Hilp.Uis, .ind it is the Julia of the Romans, who embt-l- jillied it with many magnificent build- ings. 'I'he Moors built an aquedud>, ftill to be (ten, 6 m in length. The ca- thedral is by fome fuppoled to be the largeft church in the world next to St. Peter's at Rome ; the ftecplc it of Arabian architetihne, and very high, confiding of three towers, one above another, with galleriei and balconies. The churches and convents are opulent and beautiful; of the latter, that of St. I'Vancis is adorned with a handlome public (quare, in the midft of which is a fine fountain. The univcrfity confilU of many colleges ; but is almoft folcly appropriated to the education of the clergy. The inquifition is a noble build- ing, and was formerly the college of the jefuits. The royal palace, called Alca- zar, was partly built after the antique by the Moors, and partly in the modern tafte by king Pedro; it is a mile in ex- tens and flanked by large fquare lowers, built will) (tones taken from the ancient temple of Hercules. Here is a royal foundery, and one of the largert depots for artillery in the kingdom. The prin- ciiMl rnanufadlurps are filk ; and behind the Alcazar, is a royal tobacco and fniiff manufaflurc. The exchange is a fquare building of the Tulcan order, each front ICO feet, and three llories high. The townhoufe is adorned with a great num. ber of ftatues, and before it has a large f(|uare, with a fine fountain in the mid- dle. There are 1 20 hofpitals richly en- dowed. The fiiburb of Triano ftands on the other fide of the river, over which is a long bridge of boats ; and here arc public walks, where many of the inha- bitants go to take the air. The fitiia- tion of Seville renders it one of the mod commercial towns of Spain. All the trade of that kingdom with the New World centered originally in its port, at St. Lucar ; but that of Cadiz having been found more commodious, the gal- leons have failed from that place fincc 1720. Si:ch vaft employment did the American trade give at one period, that in Seville alone there were no fewer than 16, oco looms in filk and woollen work ; but, before the end of the reign of Philip 11/, they were reduced to 400. The country around is extremely fertile in corn, wine, &c. and there is abund- ance of oil ; for to the w of the river ii SUA J grove of olive tr«:e8 ^o in ?n length. Sfvillc wa» cnfred by tlvc French in iHio; in i8ta thry cvaciiitrd it in part, and loon aft<'i thu rermindur were dri- ven out by aliault. It iH 41 n\ iVumthc Atlaiiiic, and zia saw Madrid. I/m. 5 39 w, lat. :i7 14 N. Sfvret, 'i'lvo, a drpnrtmcnt of Fr.inct?. imliidiiii? part of the late provinci' of l»i)it()ii. It is li) n.imed from two livers tint nfc Iktc ; one, called Scvre Nior- tois, Mows w by St. JVI.iixciit, Niort, and MaraiiH, into the hay oi Bilcay, op- poliie the illc of Kc ; and the other, ninud St.'vre N.intois, takes a n w direc- tion, panVs by Clillbn, and enters the Loiiv, oppolitc Nantes. Niort is the capital' Sewalkkt .1 chain of mountainii in Afia, bordering on the country of Siri- ii.igur and th«! province of Delhi. The G.uiges forces itu way through this ridge into tlio plains of Ilindooflan, ut Hud< Wiir. Si-i/Jcl, a town of France, in the de- p irtincnt of Ain, divided into two parts by the Rhone, which here begins to be navigable. It is 14 m n by e Belli-y. Sezanne, a town of France, in the de- partment of Marne, a; m nw Troyes, and 65 »E Paris. Sezza, a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 14 m Nw Capua. S/ax, or Sfakes, a feaport of Tunis, from which u great part of the traffic of Cairoan is exported. It is feated on the E coaft, 53 m s by e Sufa. Lon. 10 40 B, lat. 34 50 N. S/iabur, a town of Egypt, on the w branch of the Nile, 48 m se Alexandria, and 50 NNw Cairo. Shaftjhury, a borough in Dorfetfliire, jjovernt-d by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It Hands on a hill, wherii water is fo fcarce, that the poor get a living by fetching it from a great dil- tance; and it had formerly 10 parilh churches, which are now reduced to three. It is 25 m n nb Dorchefter, and loow by s London. Shaftjburt/, a town of Vermont, in Bennington county, 10 m n Bennington. Shahar, or Sa/iar, a ieaport of Ara- bia, in Hadramaut, 1 10 m ssw Shibam. Lon. 48 40 E, lat. 13 50 N. Hhahjehnnpour, a town of Hindooftan, in Malwa, 30 ne Ougoin, and 196 s Agimere. Sham; itt Damafcus. Shannon, the largeft river of Ireland, which iffues from Lough Allen, in the county of Leitrim, and running s divides tho province! of Leinfter and Connaught; . SHE It then turns sw, paffi-j hy the city of* Limerick, and enter* the Atl.intic occ.ui, between the counties of Clare and Li- merick. Shap, a vill.ige in Woftmoroland, at the Iburce of the Loder, between Or- ton and IVnrith. It had once a famouiv abbey, which ftood about a mile w from th(- church, of which little remains, ex- cept the tower of its churcli, and the ruins of a brid-je. In the vicinity arc Come gn-at ftonet, like pyramids, placed almofi in a direct line, iov a mile toy;**- ther, from 10 to \i yards dittancc.'of fuch immenle weit;ht,that carriages now in ul'e c >uld not iupport tliem. Sliapinjha, one of the Orkney ifluids, lying 3 in from the nk part of Po.nona. It is 7 m long and 5 broad, (ome^vhat in the form of a crols. The C(m(Is are level and produce grafs and corn, hut the middle part is high, anattd at the conflux of the Sheaf with the Don, which is navigable within 3 m of the town. The mafter cutlers are about 600, incorporated by the Ityle of Cut- lers of Hallamlhire. The number of inhabitants was 31,314 in 1801, and 35,840 in ]8ri. It is 54 m ssw York, and i6a m n'nw London. Lon. i 29 w, lat- e^^ 20 N. Sheffield, a town of Maflachufets, iti Berklhire county, on the e fide of the Iloulatonic, 145 m w by s Bofton. r^5 ¥ r -J ,1 ■■i HliffTcrd^ a tow n in Pedfortldiii'f , ^\i\\ n iii.iiUi'i 4)11 Friilay, •i-atol un the Ivcl, <; n\ »k, Uciltuiii, and 41 m l^y w Luii- tlnn. Shelhitrni; a town of Nova Srotia, nt the luud of a buy called l'i>rt Koltway. It * xtetidh a nt un the watc r fule, uiul .1 null- liackward, with wule Itreets cioll- inp eiiL'l) other nt right nngleii. The haihoui' ir. dnp, capuioiis, ami I'lciire. Alioiil a \\v\v tium Shilbiinie, and ll*- S.iiattd liom it liy a fni.ill rivf Morocco, which none but Moh mtcdans are allowed to enter. It ih 4 in k S.iIIc. Shcllif, the iargid uv\r of the kiiijf- dom ot Aluifr.-, wliich t>il-«H its rilV in the defert» Hows n tliroutjb the lake Titrri, then turns w ;ind enters the Me- diienan»"an to the n of MuAagam. In its conrfe it nci ives the Midroe, Har- btt ne, Toddah or Silver River, the Ar- chcw, Mina, VViirifla, and Fagia. Shenandoah^ a river of Virginia, which rifes in Aiigulta county, flows n e aoo m, and enters the I'oioinac at Shcpherdf- tuwn. It ih navigable about jog m. Shepherds Ijles, a clufter of iflands, part of tht. Niw Hebrides, in the Pnci- tic ocean, to the s of MalicoUo. Lon. 168 42 E, Iat. i6 58 s. Shefherdjio'U'fit a town of Virginia, in Berkley county, feated on ihe Potomac, at the influx of the Shenandoah. 60 m Kw Alexandria. Shifpy, an ifland in Kent, at the mouth ot the 1'iiames, feparated from the mainland by a branch of the Med- way, called the I'aft Swale. It yields plenty of corn, and feeds numerous Ihecp. It contains the borough of Queenborough and the fort of Sheer- rcTs. Shepton Malht, a town in Somerfet- Ihiie, with a market on Fiiday, and a matiufadlure of woollen cloth; leated under the Mendip hills, 17 m sw Bath, and 116 w IaukUju. Sherbom, a town in Doifetlhire, with a market on Thurlday and Saturday. It was (ormeily a bifliop's i(:c, and had tlirte churches, though now but one, which was the cathedral, and in it are interred the Saxon kings Elhelbald and Ethelbert. It had alfo a caftle and an abbey, now in ruins. Here is a free- Ichool found) d by Edward v i ; alfo two fiik toills, and a lineu oianufaAurc. It S FII ik feattd on the l',»rrtt, 16 m N by \r Doichi-fter, ami 116 w by ^ London. L(jn. a 4 I w, 1 it i5>^ «4 N. Shtr/jiii, a fort of (Ininea, at the mouth ot Sl'rrbi o river, which ri-par.iiii the caintry of Si«rri Lfctie from ti.e firain coall. It bclonpn totf.e Eiiplilh, and is joo m st of the rirer Sieira Leone. l.ot>. now, Iat. 7 o nt. S/ieiburti, a town in W Vorkihirc, with a maikt t on Friday, I'lMtcil on ili-r NN'crk, which foon join* the Onfe, ii,n\ »w York, and 179 n by w LundiJU. She rburn \ lee iSanttickel, Shtreviin, a town «)f Aii.rtic Turki";, in Kiirdirtan, on the river Diala, 60 m Nt.'K Bagd.xl, and 1:0 ■'- by v. K'.'rkowk. Shtre.:..ur ', fee Solymnnin- SherjleU a town << by w L( Shifnal, a town market on Friday, and i.t.i NW Lond Shilelash, a vill, county of Wi. klov Here are the remai the moft celebrati oak, which was parts, and is ftill 1 Weftminfter-hall, buildings on the c Shin, Loch, a la s part of Suthti! and 2 broad. At the rapid river Sh the head of the fri' ishipfienjburg, a I in Cumberland co Conedogwinnet cr the Snlquchana, 1 Shif>Jhn, a towr Worccfterlhire. f wicklhirc, with i fested on the Sto »nd 83 NW Lond( Hhiras, or Shee\ capital ot Farfiftai afpacious plain, by lofty mountain furrounded by a w round towers at tl and ii adorned wi and noble edifices of brick, but plal ferable walls of r good bazars and < nufaftureg of fw glafs-ware. Thi government und Khan, who eretS buildings in and vicinity are nun with gardens; a Shiras are deeme Ttic tomb of th< 8 11 I in iJfif. It U 7 m E liy N Nfwc.iftl**, jiid 276 K hy w Luiuluii. Loii. : 4 w, lai. <4 5« »»■ Shields^ South, a town in the county of DuriMm, on th»' rivfr Tyne, oppol.ic North SItiftils, with which pl.u-i- it lu- juyii all tlic .ulvantRftrn of trulc ami commerce in common with Ncw:a(llc It confifti principally of one n.-vrrow rtriet, a m in length, with an open Jir)iiiii' rn'ar th«" middle. M;iiiy trading vill'It arc built here, .^nd it Ii.ih very ciinlidfrald'.' fait worlf<, and (cvcr.d gl iin works. The number of iidiaWit.ints wan 810; in iM'Ji, and 9001 in iKii. Ad- joining, on the s. is Wcl\oe, a towiilhip that contained 6164 inhabit.ints in iHii. South Shit-i .i is ii^ m nnu Uurhum, and 275 ■'^ ''V w London. Sfii/iial, a town in Shropfhire, with a market on Friday, 9 in nk Bridgcnurth, and t.\,] NW London. S/ii/t/tij^/i , a village of Irt land, in the county ut Wi>. klow, 5 m sw Tincinly. liert' ar« the remains of a foroft, once the mon. cel(;hrati'd in Ireland for its oak, which was exported to various parts, and is ftill (hown in the roof of Wcftminfter-hall, aixl of fonic ancient buildings on the continent. Shin, Loch, a lak<; of Scotland, in the !> part of Suthcrl.mdlhire, 15 tn long and 1 broad. At itb f k t-xtremlty ifl'ues tlic rapid river Shin, which flows into the head of the frith of Dornoch. Shipfienjhtirf(, a town of Pennfylvania, in Cumberhuid county, on a branch of Coiiedogwinntt creek, which flows into the Snlquchana, 21 m wkw Carlifle. Shifijhn, a town in a detached part of Worceftcrlhirt*. furrounded by War- wickfhire. with a marki.c on Friday ; feated on the Stour, 14 m w Banbury, and 83 NW London. Shiras, or Sheiraz, a city of Perfia, capital ot Farfiftan, feated at the end of afpacious plain, bounded on all fuks by lofty mountains. It is 5 m in circuit, furrounded by a wall, with fix gates, and round towers at the diftance of 80 paccb; and is adorned wiili many tine molqucs and noble edifices. The houfes are built of brick, but plaftered over lb as to re- ferable walls of mud. Here are many good bazars and caravanliuies, nifo ma- nufactures of fwords, fire arms, and glafs-ware. This city was the feat of Kovernment under the revered Kerim Khan, who ere<5ted many of the fine buildings in and near this place. In the vicinity are numerous fummerhoufea, with gardens ; and the rich wines of Shiras are deemed the beft in all Perfia. The torab of the celebratsd poet Hafiz S II R Ii in a tarprc R.trden on the s% fide of the city, about i m from the wall} and at the foot of the mountainii, in the- Came dirrtilion, is the toml> of Sadi. ShiraH Ih 190 m s by k Ifpulian. l.on. 5i 44 I , lat. iq 36 N. Hi/onUj, lilfi Qf\ fitvrn (mill iflandnon the coaft of New Ili'iiplliirc They lie convrniintly for tlic cndhfhcry, which was formcily c.irrii-d on lu-rc to great advania^i;. Shot^lir, a town of Syria, with an ex- ci'lleiit caravaiifary, Iratrd on the Ali, l!) n\ b by k Aiilio<:h, and 4";ss, and furrounded by a wall, in which are three gates. It contains five cluircheH, and had for- merly a c iltle and abbt-y, bo^h now in ruins. The number of inhabitant.'^ was 16,631 in 1801, and 18,543 in 18 n. Here are la incorporated trading com- panies, and Ibme of them have neat halls. It is the chief mart for a coarfe kind of woollen cloth made in Mont- gomerylhire, called Wellli webs ; and for all forts of Wellh tommoditics, which are genciilly boujjht in a rough ftate at W'ellbpool, and finilhed here. It is alfo famous for excellent brawn and delicate cakes; and in the environs is a large manufadture of coarfe linens. Here is a fi ee-l(:hool fuimded by Edward vj, and afterward rebuilt and more largely endowed by queen Klifabeth, t s r A In tt^_\, I'«l\vaul I hcM A pxrtiitmrnl hcrr, when llu- lords Int in ilit- calllr, aiul thr ciirnmi>iis in 4 burn. Another {Mriiiimmt W44 liiM h«Tc in t\qj, by nj;lit till I) If tic lictwtrii llciirv IV and Hiiiiy IVt' y, ni< knarinHJ Hoilpur, In which the I uitr wai dclr.itrd and fl.iiii. Surcwlbury it .\-) m h,» Chfllcr, and 15J Nw Loiutuii. Lull, a 41 w, Ut Shrrwjlurt/, .1 l«»wn of Nfw Jcrf> y, in Mnnuioiiili county, with thric tdi- fici'« for piiMii: worfliip If in a plac of gtnttil rclort in thi* liMinur tnontlii, and icattd niMr tin* Icacotift, 4^ m r. by N 'I'rrnton. Shrof>jhirSi a county of i'lnj^hmil, hound«'d on the n by Chtlliirc and a detached part ot" Miiillliiit, k by Stal- ford(bir«*, «E by Worfclicrlliire, s by HcrcfoiclJhirc, .iw by Uailiuitlhiro, and w by the counties of Montgoniciy and Denbi)(h. It is 30 m lon^; and 40 bro.idi containing 8i;7ii)io acres \ is divided into 13 bundredH, and 216 parithcs ; has 17 market towns ; and lends 11 mcm- berh to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 167. 6^)9 in tiioi, iind 194,298 iniHri. 'I'ht' foil is gcner:illy fruitlul, efpcciaily in the n anvl E parts, which produce plenty of wheat and barley ; but the s and w beiu^- moun- tainouH, arc Id's fertile, yet yield Ajf- ficient palfurc for flieep and cattle. This county abounds with Icid, cop- per, iron, limeltone, frteftonc, pipe- clay, bitumen, and coal. The princi- p.il rivers are the Severn and the Teme. The capital is Shrewfbury. Shumbla, a ftrong town of European Tmkcy, in Bul;;arilcH, li.iiidlomi' niouthi. (>lninp lip<, and lilu'k Ip.irkling e)ei Tfur min.irc ol an olive colour, with little beaul; but the women are of a (traw com- picxinn, ;iiii! Cirm* h.ivc their chetkn ,1 little ted. They are relpevMful to ihr age;uage of th«' Siamefe rcfem* bles that of the Birmar- Their tempb and priells arc very numerous ; the Lit- ter aie diltinguiflied from the laity by an orange-ctdoured garment, and they keep their heads, beards, and eyebrows dole fli.ived. They have fchools for the education of their children, and there is Icaice any among diem but an read and wi itc. 'I'liis country has been iTuich opi)iiircd by the Hirnians ; and in 1793 the king of Siam entered into a treaty of peace, by which he ceded the niaritiini: towns on thi: bay of Bengal) to the king of Birmah. Sianif or Jutliia, a city, capital of the kingdom of Siam. It contains a great number of temples, convents, chapels, columns, and other decora- tiuns. The king's palace, and fome ollier.s, only exceed the common li.ibi- latious by occupying a mote cxtcn- live I'pacc, being better conUrufltd, and of a greater height, but never ex- ceed one flour. The Dutch have a fadory here, and merchants from dif- ferent countries come here to trade. In 1766, this city was taken by the Bir> mans. It is fituate on an ifland in the river Menan, 50 m m of its mouth in the gulf of Siam, and 360 se Pegu., . Lon. 10050 E, lat. 14 18 N. Slang-yangf a city of China, of the part!), and a yell ./ SIB flift ctafit in the province of Houquiing, oil the rivrr Hm, 3jo m Kw Peking. Lon. Ill 40 u, lit. 315 M. Siara • lee Stam Sai/ioi, « town of Ruflla, In the jro- vMnm^'iit of Pctirfhiirg, near thu Uke I,4dif 14 ni ^'i'' New Lado,(4. Lun. ]0 t7 »'• lit do 16 N. Siberhif A cotintry of Afu, compre- hcMiliii); the priiu-ip.ll Alt;ilic patt of the Rnflun rmpirc. it is boumled on the B by tin* P,(nlic oc«Mn, 11 l»y Ore.4t T.irtary, w by I'.nropean Rnflli, and n by thi' Fro7,« n ocean. It cxtriKU 3500 m iVom K to w, and 1 aoo trum n to 6, cont.iiniiig the h.\lf of Afia. The u part i« fcrlilc, producing all the tieccl- liiriei of life ; hut the n and r. p.irti are extremely cold .ind tiiiii of people, prclrniing vaft marlliy pl.ilnn, covered with almod perpetual (how, and pi;r- vadt'd by cnorn)ouit rivcru, whic^s un- der malTefJ of ice. purCue thiir ioiirit: to tljf Airtic ocean ; there arc alii) ex- tciifiv.- plains, called ftcpps, which are fomt-wliit iiinilar to tht; Tandy dflerts of Africa. Ilcrc are inexhaultibic fu- reds of birch, alder, lime. Sec- and mil- lions if noble trees of the pine ?iind. Till' Siheriin plum and cruh, themtMin- taiiin(h| Tartarian mulberry and honey- fuckle, and Daourian role, torm thick- lets i>f ex'enfive beauty; under Shelter of which arifc mnltiiudcs of plants, par- ticularly the yellow larine lily and the libiiicum i the roots of the former are a favorite food with the Tartarian tribes, and from the dried (talks of the other, the natives procure a Ikccharine (flflorefcence, from which they make a coarA! ardent fpirit. The principal riches of Siberia conflft in fine (kins and furs, and minrs of ^old, filver, iron, lead, and copper. Several kinds of precious ftones are found here, par- ticuLirly topazeb of a very fine luftre; it alfo affords magnets of an extiaordi- Dary fize, and even whoK mountains of loadftone. Coul is dug up in the n parts, and a yellowifh kind of alum is found in lcver.nl mountains. The inhabitants are of three forts ; the na- tives of the country, Tartars, and Ruf- fians. The Siberians dwell in forefts in the winter, ard in the fummer on the banks of rivers. Their garments are the ikins of wild beads, and their riches confift in bowo, arrows, a knife, and a kettle. They all live in wretched huts, which they remove from place . to place ; and make ufe of raindeer and dogs to draw their fledges*. Thofe in the fuuthern parts .are not much more polite ; but they' have borfes with SIC which th«7 go » hunting, atMl their houfet, thouifh poor, air not (hiftcd from pUrr to pl.icr. Of (hit cUla of f>roplf, Tome have no oth»T religion thitn that ot nature ) oth«is aic pagan* and Mohaiii«'d.ii>s ; and Inme ot tncm hav» b arc all rrii, Uioiik* aiiU compi't, with IjrKC luirni. 1 hrrc arr ttntkrii t>f « Vrfnt li/r irt lh«* i'orrll* ( afp* aiitl Icur* Kiona, whole vrrtorn i« vrry a<^tivc ( an«l armlcft h/.irtU ot a Ixauttful ttrcrn colour. In thi« ilUiiilthc unciriit prac* ticc of trc4(lii)K out the corn frnm th«* car In iiiuif i unit lurr ii llirci-UhMlrd volcano, called I'.tiia. The number* ot the clergy, which exceed llo,oooi and the niiiltitudt! of the nobility, to whoit: b«lon);cd the criinin.d JurildiCtion ovtr iht'ir I'ubjc^U. vvilliollur rit{hite<|iully oppreflivf, were c.iuit's of thf poverty and mifi-ry of the- n.Uivm uf tlui coun* try. Hut in iHij, tlii» ill-^'ovtrnrd kingdom, by menu ol the Kn|,;lilli, who h.ul for lomc iim«' aided it with a naval and military force, acquired a better fotM) of K(>v*'''iimi-iit, apparently without oppohtion, on tin- plan «>f (hi* liriiilh cinUitutioii ; that (he inhabit- •nti are now relieved from many op' prrfHoiiH, and li^ve obtained an im- ptilfe to indntlry and wealth. 'I'lu.' ca- pital i8 Palcriiio. >cc SafiUt. Sulot, a town of 1 1 nilgai y, with a CMllle on a mounmin, in which cinptror SiKilmund was impiifuned. It i» la m • Funf liircheii. Sicijuet ; fee Seiki. Siduye, a Itrong town on the K coalt of Java, with a lurbuur. Lun. 1 1 j 151;, lat. 6 40 s. ^ Siderociipi'a, a town of European Tur- key, in Macedonia, famous for a gold mine in itH neighbourhood. It ii 5 m from the gulf of Coutclla, and 40 ksk Salonichi. Sidmnilh,^. town in D»!vonflurc, with a market on Satuttlay. It ifl much fre- quented in the bathing li'afon, and was a (ipaport brforc its harbour was choked up. hit fcated on the Rnglifli channel, at the mouth of the Sid, 12 tn it Ex- eter, and 158 w by s London. Sidon ; f«e Saida- ^ Sidra, afpacious gulf of the Mediter- ranean fca, on the co.ift of Tripoli, anciently called Syrtis. It forms a lemi- circular line of low coalt, 400 m in length, between Mefurata and licngafi. Iti iliorea are occupied by Arab?, who are (cattcred about in bodicii of ;:;oo or J 00 each. Siedenberg, a town of Weftphalia, in the county ofHoya, 9 m iw Iloya. Sieffbergy a town of Weftphalia, in the diichy of Berg, ou the rivtr Sicg, 15 ra SE Cologne. Siegeti, a town and caftle of Ger- many, ia ^^ edcrwald, capital uf a prin- s 1 1: cipaliiy. In the uciK^dMiurhiKMl iir# Iroii-miiiri, for^n, and foundcrkt. || It feated on the hirg, 24 ni nw Weti* Ur. Lon. ii It R, lat, )o 47 N. Si^nNti, a city of Tufcniy, r-ipltatoi Sirniiele, and mu arehbillinp't Irr, willi a univtriily and a citadel. It i* »\m'.t. 4 m In circuit. «nd lurround««| by 4 wall TheCiiiiliic mt'tropolitan chiin h ii built with blick and white m^rlilr, and the pavement i» uf Molalc work Sienna U not very populou* 1 but i« adi)rned with a great number «)f piUe*- , itjintaiim, and fupeib churchea. '|'|i, ao Uk s Florence, and 110 nnw Uomr. Lon. II II I, l.ii. 4) 14 N. Sitnufjf, a pi'>vinee of Tulcany, 35 ni long and nearly as nuich bro.ul, lying 1 of I'lorentino, on the Mcditerrark.ni. Thf (i)il in pretty fertile, elpeci.illy in niulbciiy treen, v\hicli feeit ,1 grf,it number of lilUworntH, and there ,ir^ li'veral mineral fprin^i. Sienna it the capital. Siefitioi, a town of Kuin.i, ir the pi vernuient of Mohilcf. 60 in n n w Molii- li-f- Lon. 29 45 E, lat. 54 30 N, Sitri, a town of France, in the de- partment of Mofelle, ne.ir the river Mu- Idle, 10 m NNK Thiunville. Sierra Leone, a cour.tiy in the w p,iii of (iuinea, lo n»ined f i oiii being ironn. tainouH, and the mountains .ihouiuliig in lions. Its limits art- from the Cirjn coaft on the «ti, to Cape Verga on \\\<- Nw; that is, between 7 and 10 N lit In the open and plain pirts, on th( banks of a river of the fame name, thf heat of the fun, before any brrt/e .irilr, is almoH intolerable; but as a refrcihini; gilecoiiltantly fprings up about noun, it renders the u)untry fupportable. 'Ih. wet feafon, from May lo Oiflober, u iidiercd in and terniiiiated by (lormy weather. The wiioh; traft, on Mcli lidc the river, is rich in rice and milld, which is the chief fuftenance of tlic inhabitants; and, upon the whole, it ii one of the bell countries on the coaft, The Negro.s are in general of mild ex- ternal manners, anrl noted for their hof- pitality ; but they polFefs a gre.it Ihare of pride, and are eafily affeded by an inCult. Of all the tribcn, thofe who have embraced Mohamedanifm are tin- mult civilized and) reljsedable; and thole on the coaft, from their inter- cuurfc with the European flavc-fa(^ors, »r( much Infi rinr in every Ihlnf . evcrpt thr 4i( ot itMltinii « tinr^i^iii. l(» Ihulir who rcli l« >i)t(lti'r itp ihc couturx NHrrm l.**nt, h river iif (iitinr4, in « cniiiitry cii the iimc iMmr* l>i r.iiik« (if thi« rivcf' 1 l)C lull I'itlleit wrrc id white perlxn*. mut a iiiimlxM ut Ircc blickn Crom Nov4 Mcotia. In 1:9 w the colntiilN wrreall put into pofli llioii (it Im.tll liitH (il l.uiil, All'* ' tu'W town wit h i7y.V Thr co- lony, liovNi-vcr, (till coiiiinned to Ian- yiiilh, and, in 1808, it was Iranntcrrcd Ironi the comp-iny to lii» majrily. Sinra Morena, ttioiintninii ot Spiin, which divide Andaliilu iVorn Fftn m.i. dura and NvwCaHiIc They arc rcn- diTcd famoin by the wars ot thf Chril- tiana aiuI Molumcdaiis, iind lor !*« ini; the li:fnu vvhtrc CervanteH h.iH pl.ictii the mod enttrtainin}; adventures ul idu hero Don Quixote. Siget \ fee '/.ij^ft. Siji;ih»rjti \ Icc Sutiu/mrfa. Sijfmnrin}(»n, a town and cpftlc of Sujbia, vvhicli j;ives name to a branch of the hoiile of ilkilien/olleni. It tH fcatcd on the Danube* 18 in tsK Ilolien- zollcrn. Siir>tau, a town of SwifTerland, in the canton ot Hern, 11 in ak Here Siiftu'ia, a town of Sweden, in Up- land, teaied on the lake Marlcr, 15 in » Uplal, and 17 nnw Siockliolin. Sij^uffiza, a city «if Spain, in New CaltilK, and a bllliop's Ice, with a uni- vcrliiy, and a c.iitle, in which is an ar- ihial. The iniivei lily conlilts of fcveral culltgeA; but tht> molt conltderable ftriKiiure is th«' cathedral. It is fi-ated on a hill, nt the foot of Mount Atienca, 65 m NK Madrid. Lon. a 51 w, Ut. 40 .S8 N' Sihon ; fee Sirr. Silajfutta, a town of Hindooftan, in Mylore, celebrated for its kitthen-gar- dens. Coarfe cotton cloths are mad<; here, and fome tobacco prows in the vicinity. It is 30 m nw Colar» and ja NE Bangalore. Silberberg, a ftrong town of Silcfia, enclofed in the principality of Munftcr- ^Tit but belonging to that of Brieg. SIT. It h.i« 1 mine which yieldx lei't mt mix* cd with iHvi-r and i» 11 m nh' viUt?,, Stfth'ji»r, 4 viiliite In llamplhirri 6 m W llartiiKitoke. It wa» (mce « city, and it faul to h.tvr htm ti>e place whiru Ariluir wa* crowmd. Thi re Att larg* rem on. ol iti wtlN and diU'lii'»i encloU ing ao area of Ho aeti*, and two mili* tary ro.idi Irom thr • icate, one lu Win* i'h> Iter, and th'* other to Old S.iriim. Siltjitt, a duchy of On many, former- ly ImlonyinK to the kingdom of Bohe* mia. It i> a^o m lonti, and 170 broad ( bounded on ihr n by Hi oh!ciil)urK> > by Pola-d, % by Moravia, and w by Huhemia and I.nfalia. The prineipal rivert are. the Oder, Hober, NeillV* (^leiii, and Oppa. A long chain of muumaini bound Sil> fi.t on the m ; and the hitihell mountain, calieil '/.iitenbcrg, il in the principality of Schwridiotz. There arr minen of coal, lead, copper» and iion, and (|Marrieaol various (lonei, iM'fulc antimony, lalipetre, Itilphurt alum, vitriol, (puckfilver, ayatr, j-ilper, nnd even Ibme gemi. Ihc pdncipai manufacture h Ihk-o doth ( and thcr« are al(i> (iime woollen minufidhiren, pottiriej, iron foiindcrieii, and glai<« hoiilei. In this c uintry are a great numbir of cittle, Lirge lliids of horlifn, and plenty of ^'imf in tjie wood*; alli> • few lyiixei^, bear*, foxe^t, otten. and beavers. There are m.uiy laku, full ot* pood lilliei; alf» plenty of bees, which product* much honey and wax. It af- fords whe.it, mai/r, bjrley, o.it^, and nnllct, nnd in fome placet filVron \% cultivated ; hot iti wine it bitl, and chielly turned into vinegar. Siklii i* divided into Upper and l.,ower Silclia, and the county of Glatx- In Upper Silefia, which is tht.* b part, the inhabit- anti are generally Roman catholic-., Ipeaking the l*oli(h language : in the Lower they are iilmoU all protcltuin, and fpeak their mother tongue. This country was ceded lo PriilTi.i in 174a, by the treaty of Ihclliu. In iHo:, it wai overrun by the P'rcnch, but reltored at the peace of Tiliit. In ("^i^iitwait entered by the Fiviuh, who were com- pletely defent' d by the PruHians, be- tween tUL* Kal/.bach and Neille, in which rivers immciile nuintx-rs were drowned. Briilau is tnc capital. m/het, a town of Ilindooliau. capital of adillriv.^1 of the liime name, in Bengal. It is leatcd on the Soorina, no m n« Dacca Lon. 91 57 t, lat. 2t ^2 n. Siljan, a town of Swrden, in Dalc- carlia, iituatc on a lake to which it givwt namci ab m nw FahUin. aUa [%> .:^ SIM SIN Silijlriat or Drifira, a town of Euro- of Hungary, with a ftrong caftlc, taken pean Turkey, in Bulgaria, and an arch> bifliop't fee, with a citadel. In iSio and 1811 it was taken by the RutTuns. It is feated on the Danube, at the influx of the iVli(r Silkeburf^, a town of Denmark, in N tain, on the s bord( r, and Sion is the Jutland, wUh a caftle, formerly of great capital, ftrength, 18 . . w Arhufen. Sinuh a mountain of Arabia Petrca S'tllat a town of Negroland, in Bam- in the peninfula formed by the two arms bara, on the right bank of the Niger, 75 of the Red fea. Here God delivered m NE Sego. Sillabar, a feaport on the w coaft of Sumatra, with a good and fafe harbour, 30 m ssE BciiCoolen. Lon. loa 10 £} fat- 4 o s. SilU U Guillaume, a town of France, in the department of Sarte, 19 m nw Mans- the law to Mofes. for which rcalon the Mohamedans hold it in great venera- tion} and here the Chriftians have a monaftery, furrounded by a high wall, and tbofe that go in and out are drawn up and let down in balkets. Lon. 34 15 E, lat. 39 a K. Sincapour, an ifland at the s extremi- (S///«, a town of Findooftan, in Ben- ty of the peninfula of Malaya, from gal, feated on the Subanreeka, 173 m WNW Calcuttai Lon. 85 54 Ei lat. 23 aa N. Silverttt'irst a villnge of Ireland, in the county of Tipperary, 6ms Nc- nagh. Heie are rich lead mines, in which jome virgin filver has been found. SHves, a town of Portugal, in Algarve, on a rivtr of the fame name, 3 s m wnw Tavira. Simaneasy a town of Spain, in Leon, with a ftrong caftle, in which Philip 11 ordered the archives of the kingdom to be kept. It is fltuate on the Douro, 8 m sw Valladolid, and (o me Salamanca. Simbif/7f, a government of Ruffia, formerly » province of the kingdom of Ka<'^n. The capital, of the lame name, is feated on i he Volga, 100 m s by w Kafan. Lon. .1^ 34 e» l&t< ^4 aa n. Simit the ancient Syme, an ifland in the Mediterranean, between the ifland of Rhodes and the continent, in a bay of its name, la m nw Rhodes. Lon. V/ 33 E. lat. 363s N. Simmern, a town of France, m the which it is fcparated by a narrow chan- nel ; and to the s of it is a narrow fea, called the Strait of Sincapour. On the in.md is a town of the fame name- Lon. 1 0.1 15 E, lat. I 10 N. Sh7de ; fee Indus- Sindeifi»xfHi a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wurtemberg, 10 m ssw Slut- gard. Sindy, a province of Hindooftan, bounded on the w by Perfia, n by the territories of the king of Candahar, ne by thofe of the Seiks, e by a fandy defert, and se by Cutch. It extends along the courfe of the Indus, from its mouth to the frontiers of Moultan 300 m } and its breadth in the wideft pan it i6o- In foil and climate, and the ge* neral appearance of the furface, it re- fembles Egypt } the country being an extended valley, confined on one fide by a ridge of mountains, and on the other by a defert; and the Indus, equal at Icaft to the Nile, winding through the midft of this level valley, and en- riching It by its annur! inundations. department of Rhine and Mofelle, late- During great part of the sw monfoon, \j of Germany, in the palatinate of the or at leaft in July, Auguft, and part of Rhine ; feated on the Simmern, a6 m s Coblentz. Simogayy a town of Hindooftan, in Myforc, with a manufaiJture of coarfe cotton cloth ; fituate on the Tunga, 34 zn B by N Nagara. Simorit St. an ifland of the United September (the' r^iny feafon in moft other parts of India) ihe atmofphereis here generally clouded ; but no rain falls, except near the fea. Owing to this, and the neighbourhooJ of the fandy deferts, on the e and on the nw, the heats are fo violent, and the winds States, on the coaft of Georgia, 14 m from thofe quarters fo pernicmus, that long and 4 broad, and included in Glyn the houfes are contrived fo ah to be; oc- county. At the NW end, oppofite the calionally veniilated by apertnrt-s on mouth of the Alatamaba, is a regular the top refemblmg the funnels ot Imall fortrefs, and fome iflets that are alfo chimneys. When the hot winds prevail, fortiBed. Frederica is the chief town, the windows are clofely ftiut, by which Simvnikttrn, or Simontornya, a town the botteft current of aiii near the fur* SIN face, is excluded, and a cooler part, be- caule more elevated, descends into the houfe through the funnels. By thi« alio vaft clouds of duft are excluded ; the entrance of which would alone be liifti- cient to render the boules uninhabitable. The roofs are compoled of thiclt layers of earth inftead of terraces. Few coun- tres are more unwholefome to Eu- ropean conftitutions, particularly the lower part called the Delta. The Hin- doos, who were the origins! inhabitants of oindy, are treated with great rigour by the Mohamedan governors, and are not permitted to eredt any pagodas, or places of worfhip ; and this feverity drives vaft numbers of them into other countries. The inl,'\nd parts of Sindy produce faltpetre, fa I ammoniac, borax, bezoar, lapis lazuli, and raw filk. Here arc manufactures of cotton and filic of various kinds ; and alfo of fine cabinets, ir.!aid with ivory and finely lacquered. Oreat c{uantitie8 of butter are exported, vrhich is clarified and vrrapt up in dup- pas made of the hides of -cattle. Here are large beeves, fine fheep, and fmall hardy horfes. The wild game are deer, hares, antelopes, and foxes, which are bunted with dogs ; alfo leopards, and a fmall fierce creature called a fhiahgufh. Tlic internal government of this pro- vince is a military deipotifm ; the head of which has the title of Hakem, or ruler. The inhabitants are principally Mohamedans, but there are a confider- able number of Hindoos, who enjoy the confidence of the prince, and are chiefly employed in commerce. The prince is tributary to the fultan of Can- dahar. Hydrabad is the capital. SiiuSf a town of Portugal, in Alen* tejoi on a cape to which it gives name, 70 m 8W Evora. Lon. 8 46 w, lat. 37 58 K. Sing, a ftrong town of Dalmatia, built by the Turks in oppofition to Clifla. It was taken by the Venetians in 1687. It is 8 m K ClifTa and 14 Spa- latro. Singan, a city of China, capital of the province of Chenfi, and the largeft and molt beautiful in the empire next to Peking. In its territories (which contain fix cities of the fecond, and 3 1 of the third clafs) bats of a fingular fpe- cies are found : they are as large as do- meftic fowls, and the Chinel'e prefer their flefh to that of chicken . The walls of this city are n m in circuit, nearly a fquare, and furrounded by a deep ditch j they are fortified with towers, and fome of the gates are lofty and magnificent. It has a great trade^ efpecially in muleS) SIO which are fent to Peking. Here arc ^ great number of mandarins, who ate moftly Tartars ; and a Itrung garrifon of Tartars in a feparate quarter of the city, from which it is patted by a ftrong wall. It is 540 m bw Peking. Lon. 108 44 c, lat 34 16 N. Hingiliff, a town of RufTia, in the government of Simbirik, fituatc on the Volga, 24 m s Simbirik. Singot a town of European Turkey, in Macedonia, on the gulf of Monte Santo. Lon. 340 e, lat. 40 13 n. Singor, a town in the peninfula of Malaya, at the mouth of a fmall river, in the bay of Patani, 35 m e Patani. Sinigaglia, a ftrong fcaport of Italy, in the duchy of Urbino, and a bilhop's fee, with a caftle and two harbours. It has a modern cathedral, leveral fine churches and convents, and a mint. An annual fair is held here from the middle to the end of July, frequented by merchants from diftant parts. It ftands at the mouth of the Nigola, in the gulf of Venice, 17 m se Pefaro. I.on. 13 15 E, lat. 43 43 N" Siningy a city of China, of the fecond rank, in the weftern extremity of the province of Chen-G. It has a confider- able trade with the Tibetians, particu- larly in tea, and is 450 m w n w Sin-gan. Lon. loi 35 E, lat. 36 45 n. Sineb, or Sinofe, a feaport of Afiatic Turkey, in JNatolia, furrounded by walls and double ramparts; but the caftle is much negle6ted. The inhabit- ants are Turks, who will not admit any Jews, and the Greeks are obliged to live in the fuburbs. It is the birth- place of Diogenes, the cynic philofo- pher, and feated on the ifthmus of a peninfula, in the Black Tea, a8o m e Conftantinople. Lon. 33 55 e, lat. 41 5 N. Sintz/ieim, a town of Germany, in the late palatinate of the Rhine, feated in a moral's, la m sse Heidelberg. Sion, a mountain of Syria, on the s fide of Jerufalem, of great celebrity in facred hiftory. Sion, or Sitten, a town lately of SwiA ferland, capital of Valais, and an epiA copal fee; but now belonging to France, and capital of the department of Simp- Ion. It is fituate on the river Sitten, near the Rhone, at the foot of three in- fulated rocks, which rife immediately from the plain. On the higheft, called Tourbillon, is the old delerted epifcopal palace ; on the fecond, denominated Valeria, are the remains of the old ca- thedral, and a few houfes bel>nging to the canons ; on Majoria) the third rock) if Iv ■'' 1 * ' ' ' Mm liifli i ft IR ftands thf prcri-iit rpiAopnl palace. SioM was formerly tlie capital (#f tlu; Scduiii, iiiiil fo.nt* Komnn infcriptioiis Hill riTti.iiii. It is 50 in k Geiuva. Lon. 7 C2 R. l.il 46 9 N. iSw?//, or O/w/, a town of F.gvpt, and the fee of a Copluic bilhop. Ilfic are ft'Vcral mol'qucs, the ruins of an amphi- theatre, and Ibme fipiilchres of the Ro mans. It is the rendezvous of thole who go in the caravan to Srnnar, in Nubia; and is fnrrounded Uy fine K^r- dens, and palm-treea that hear the bt-ft dates in Egypt. It ftandn on an artificial mount, a m from the Nile, and 185 s Cairo. Lon. 31 24 F:,lat. 27 25 n. Siphanto, the ancient Siplitios, one of the bcft cultivated iflands of the Archi- pelago, to the w of Pares. It is j6 m in cinnit, and though covered with marble and granite, produces corn I'uf- ficlent for the inhabitants; alio fottic excellent filk. The chic^f articles of commerce are calicos, ftraw hats, figs, onions, honey, wax, oil, and capers. Lon. a? 1 5 E, lat. 2,7 y n. Sir Charles Hardy I/land, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, dilcovcred by cip- tain Carteret in 1767. It is low, level, and covered witn wood. Lon. 154 20 E, hX. 4 41 s. Sir Charles Saunders Ijlnndy an ifland in the Pacific ocean, difcovered by cap- tain Wallis in 1767- The natives ap- peared to live in a wretched manner. It is about 6 m from E to w. Lon. 151 4 w, hit. 17 a8 s. Sira ; fee Sera. Siradia, a town of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, with a ftrong caftle. It is liirrounded by a wall, and feated in a plain, on the river Warta, 62 m ne Rieflau, and 105 nw CracDW. Lon. 18 55 e, lat. 51 32 N. Siraf, a town of Pcrfia, in the pro- vince of Lariftan, fituate on the Perfian gulf, 30 m sw Lar. Lon. 52 25 e, lat. 35 2'' N. Siravan. a town of Perfia, in the province of Kufiftan, 48 m nne Sufter. Lon. 5 1 5 E, lat. 31 50 N. Sire, a town of Abyflinia, in Tigre, famous for a nianufadture of co\rfe cot- ton cloths. It is 40 m w Axum, and ICO NNw Auzen- Sir^an ; fee Kermau. Sirhind, a city of Hindooft^n, capital of a c untry of the fame name, in the province of Delhi. Proccpius takes notice, that in the time of Juftinian (the fixth century) filk was brought from Serinda, a country in India. Sir- bind is 175 m NW Delhi. Lon. 75 ^s ff lat. 30 15 K. SIS fih-ia>i, a Icaport of Pegu, frequented by the I'rench, lingiilh, and Dutch It is feated on l\gu river, i,o ni from its inotjih, and 80 s Pegu. Lou. 96 i; t:, lat. 16 {2 N. Sirinafrar, a rugged country in the w part ol Tibet, on the borders tirilin. doodan, hounded on the s by Delhi, and w by i ahore. The capital is of the fame name, feated on the Allaknan- dara, which runs into the Ganges, j^ ni below. !• ir. 166 m n by K Delhi. Lou. 78 12 1". lat. 31 ON. Sirius, an ifland in the Pacific ocean, 18 m in circuit, difcovered by lieut, Ball, in t790. Lon. 162 30 e, lat. 10523. Sirniich, or Sirmium, a town of Scla- voi'ia, and a bilhop's fee ; feaicd on the Bofvveth, near the Save, 42 m SK Eniic. Lon 20 19 E, lat 45 i,^ N. Siroavi/, a town of Ilindonftan, in a dillrivJt of the fame name, in Agimere; feated near the Puddar, 70 m sw Agi- mere. Lon. 74 27 e. lat 26 i n. Sir/);/, a town and fort of Hii^dooftan, in Alylbre, 14 m N Sera, 4nd 37 se Chitteldroog. Sirr, or Sihon, a river of Independent Tartary, which ilTues from the moun- tains of Imaua, or Belur, on the confines of Cafligur, and taking a nw courfeof 550 m, enters the ne part of the lake Aral. It formerly flowed to the Caf- plan fea, but the Tartars, to free them- felvcs from pirates, turned its courfe. Si/al, a fmall port of New Spain, in Jucatan, on the gulf of Mexico, oppo- fite a fand bank, nearly 1 2 leagues in length. It is 40 m w by n Mcrida, of which it is the port. Siyizan, a feaport on the E coaft of Luconia, one of the Philippine iflands. It is fituate almoft oppofite Manilla, and in the vicinity of very high moun- tains, which render the air extremely moift. Lon. 123 45 e, lat. 14 20 n. SiJ'ac, A town of Swiflcrland, in the canton of Bafel, 17 m se Balel. Sijfek, or Sifzeg, a ftrorig town of Croatia, fituate on the Save, at the in- flux of the Kulpa, 4a m e Cailftadt. Lon. 16 56 E, lat. 45 33 N. Sijbpoli, a town of European Tur- key, in Romania, and an archbilhop's lee ; feated ori a peninfula of the Black fea, 25 m s Mefembria, and 97 nw Conftantinople- Lon. 28 9 t'jlat 4^.30^. Sijieron, a town, and late epilcopal fee, of France, in the department of Lower Alps, with a citadel on the top of a rock, which was the prifon of Ca- fimir V, king of Poland. It is feated ot] the Durance, 45 m ne Aix, and 407 s^ Paris. Lon. 5 56 £, Iat> 4-1 iz n. SK A Sijhn, a village of Gloucefterfhire, 7 $n E Brillol, on n rivulet that rilei here, anil runs into the Avon. It has manu- fadtiires of brals and faltpetrc. Sijio'va, a town of European Turkey, in Bulgaria, where a peace war conclud- ed between the A\iftrian8 and Turki, in 1791. It is featcd on the Danube, 25 m E Nicapuli. Sitia, a town^on the n coaft of the ifle of Candia, on a bay of the fame name, 58 m ese Candia. Lon. 26.29 E, lat. 35 • N. Sittard, a town of France, in the department of Roer, lately of Gernviny, in ihe duchy of Juliers: li*atcd near the Mcufe, 10 m s Ruremonde. Sittingburn, a corporate town in Kent, 15 m wnw Canterbury, aiid 40 tsE London. Sittivacca, a village of Ceylon, aH m E Columbo, on a branch of the Miii!i- vaddy, which feparates it from tbt kiiip of Candy's country. It in the clii.'i" place of iutercourle, both friendly aii.l hoftile, between the Candiang and their European neighbours. On the oppo- fite fide of the river is the Candian vil> lage of Goiobodivilli. Sivas, a city of Afiatic Turkey, in Roum, the capital of a fangiacate, and the fee of a bifhop, with a caftle. It is 55 m s by E Tocat, and 230 ene Cogni. Lon. 36 45 E, lat. 39 8 n. Sivray, a town of France, in the department of Vienne, leated on the Charenle, 28 m s Poitiers. Siwa/i, a territory of Africa, on the confines of Egypt and Barca. It is mentioned by the ancients under the name of the Oafis of Ammon. The fertile part is about ao m in circuit, con- taininR feveral villages, befide the capi- tal. It affords abundance of vegetable produdlions, with corn and oil ; and is well fupplied with water from fmall ftrcams;, but none of them flow beyond its territory ; they being either evapo- rated, before they reach the furround- ing defert, or loft in the fterile land. The capital of the fame name contaios the ruins of the celebrated temple of Jupiter Ammon ; and in the neighbour- hood are many catacombs, which were tl'e burying places of the ancient inha- bita.ns. It is 220 m E Augila, and 280 w by s Cairo. Lon. 27 10 e, lat. 29 12 N. Siara, a town of Sweden, in W Gothland, and a biihop's fee. Here is agymnafium, or feminary, ereded in 1640 ; and the cathedral is the largefl: ftrufture of that kind in Sweden. The ruina of feveral churchei and conventf SFY are ftill to be feen, id alfo of an an- cient palace, burnt y the Danes in 161 1. It is fcated 0.1 the Lida, in a moral's, 77 m ne Gotheborg. Loi!. 14 o E, lat. 58 16 N. Skeen, a town of Norway, in the go- vernment of Agi^erhuys, noied for its mines of iron and copper; feated near a lake, 26 m sw Konigfberg. Skentt '1 town of Scotland, in Aber- deenlhire, near a fmall lake of the fame name, 9 m wnw Aberdt-en. Skenetlady, a town of New York, in Albany county, with two churches, and a feminary called Union College, from being eltabliflied by various denomina- tions of Chrillians It has a confider- able trade with the back country, and ftands on the w (ide of Mohawk river, above the falls, 16 m nw Albany. Skeniuge, a town of Sweden, in £ Gothland, 18 m w by s Linkoping. Shnejborouj^ht or fVliitehallt a town of New York, in Wafliington county, iituate on Wood creek, on the s fide of South V)ay, which leiids n into Lake Cliampiain. It is the harbour for molt of the trading vefleis between the ftate of New York ar.d Canada, and the dif- ferent ltttlemt'nl,^ alopg the lake. It is .38 m s Crown Point, and 43 n by e Lanfinburg. Skibbereen, a town of Ireland, in the county of Cork, near the river Hen, 7 m NNK Baltiiiioie, and 13 3e liantry. SkiddniUt A mountain in Cumberland, near Ktlwick, 3022 feel in height above the level of the fea. It is not difficult of accefs, and is alnioft covered with grafs, which gradually grows coarler in the al'cent. The whole top is covered with a loofe brown flaty ftone. Skiljkuer, a town of Denmark, in the ifland of Zealand, fituate on a bay of the Great 13clt, 48 m sw Copenhagen. Lon II 27 f, lat. 55 16 N. Skipton, ?. town in VV Yorklhire, with a market on Saturday. The rivor Aire and the Leeds and Liverpool canal pafs this town, and near it are fume cotton works. It is feated in the midft of a roUf3;h mountainous diltridt, called Cra- ven, 22 m N by w Halifax, and 216 NNvv London. Skipnefs, a town of Scotland, in Ar- gyleftiire, with a caftle of great ftze and antiquitv that now can fcarcely be call- ed a ruin. It is iituate on the w fide of the entrance of Loch Fine, 28 m ene Campbelltown. Skofde, a town of Sweden, in W Gothland, 14 m e by s Skara. Ski/e, an ifland of Scotland, one of the largcft of the Hebrides, 4S m lo^S a^cl r 1 'A i. SLA at broad. The se. end ii leparated from Invernefsfliire (to which it be- longs) by a narrow cliannci, called the Inn> ufiinl languages aie the German and Panilh. Near the city is the old ducal palace ot Gottorp Slefwick is fituate on the M fide ot an arm of the Baltic, called the Sley, 60 m Nw Lubec, and 125 sw Co- penhagen. Lon. 9 42 K, lat. 54 37 N. Sligo, a county of Ireland, in the pro- viiice of Connaught, 25 m long and 22 broad; hounded on the e by Leitrim, SF by Rnfcommon, sw and w by Mayo, and » by the Atlantic. It is divided into 41 parifheSi contains about 60,000 inhabitants, and fends three member:) to parliament. The foil is in general fer- tile, I'Ut rather boggy towai^ the coaft. Sligo, a borough of Ireland, capital uf the county of the fame name, wiih a caftle, and large remains of a monaf- tery. The trade of the town is confi- derable, and it fends a member to par- liament. It is feated near the mouth of a river, which flows from Longii Gill into the bay of Sligo, 50 m n by w Kofcommon, and 120 nw of Dublin. Lon. 8 54 w, lat. 54 i ; n . Slonim, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Novcgrodeck,withacaftle, feated on the Sezra, 40 m sw Novogro- deck, and 70 se Grodno. Lon. 23 57 E, lat. 53 ON. Sloten, a fortified town of Holland, in Friefland, feated near a lake called Slo- ten-mere, and on the rivulet Ee, which flows into the Zuidtr zee, 6 m e Stavereti. and so ssw Lewarden. Sloujii or iS/wfi, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Novogrodeck, with three Greek churches; leated on the Siong, 75 m ese Novogrodeck. Lon. 27 54 E, lat. 3a 50 N Sluyst a town of the Netherlands, in Flanders, oppofite the ifland of Cadfand. It has a good harbour, and fome tine fluices, by which the country may be laid luder water. It wai taken by the SMO Sp.iniarda in 15871 retaken by the Dutch in 1604, and taken by the French in 1794 It is to m N Bruges. Lon. 3 2S K, lat. u 19 N. SmalkaJdtn, a town of Upper Saxony, in tbe county of Henneburg, famous for the league entered into by the Lu- therans, againft the emperor, in 1531, to defend their religion and libertieit. It has a line caftle on n mountain, and in the vicinity are f.ilt pits and mines of iron. It ftands on a river of the fame name, which flows into the Wcrra, %% m sw Erfurt. Lon. 10 47 k. lat. 5* 45 n. Smordett, a town in Kent, with a market on Friday, 10 m ssn Maidfton , and j6 SF. London. Smithfeldt a town of Virginia, in Iflc of Wight county, feated on Pagan creek, which flows into James river, 70 m sE Richmond. Smit/i/ieid, a town ofN Carolina, ca- pital of Johnlbn county. It is feated on the Neus, in a beautiful plain, 25 m se Ralegh, and 7c .vw Newbern. AV«/7/j/ow«, a town of the ftate of New York, in Suffolk county, on the n fide of Long iflandr 52 m e by n New York. SmithvilUt a town of N Carolina, chief of Brunfwick county. It is feated near the mouth of Cape Fear river, as m ssw Wilmington. Low 78 30 w, lat< 33 50 N. Smolandt or Smaland, a province of Sweden, in Gothland, extending 140 m from the Categat to the Baltic, and from 40 to 70 in breadth. It has many woods of pine and fir ; and the ap- proach to the villages is announced by groves of oak, beech, and birch, and nu merous plots or parterres of arable Ir.nd among paftures and rocks. This pro- vince produces a great quantity of hops, and the lakes and marfhes in tae s part contain much iron. Jonkopin; is the capital. Smoknjk, a duchy of Ruffia, on the frontiers of Lithuania. After having been an object of contention, and reci procally poflcfled by Poland and Ruffia, it was conquered by Alcxay Michaelo- vitch in 1654, and ceded to Ruflia by the peace of Mofcow in 1666. It now forms one of the Ruffinn governmi nts- Smolettjk, a city of Ruffia, capital of a government of the lame name. It is fituate on the Dnieper, and extends over two hills and the valley between them. It is furrounded by walls 30 feet high and 15 thick ; the lower part of done, the upper of brick, and nearly 5 m in circuit. The houfes arc moftly of wood, and only one ftory ; except a few fcattered here and there, which arc dignified with the title of palaces. The SM Y city Is divided, through its whole length, by one ftraight paved ftrecti tho others are circular, and floored with planks. The c.ithedral Itands on an •eminence* where thorc is a view of the whole city. The altcrnilc rifing and finking of the walls from the inequality of the ground; their Gitthic architedlurc and grotelque towers; the fteeples rifing above the trees, which conceal the houl'es from the figlit; the gardens, meadows, and corn-fields, within the walls; all toge- ther form a moft fingular profpeA. Notwilhllanding its extent,' it containi only about 4000 inhabitants, and has no manufailures, but carries on with Dant/ic, Riga, and the Ukraine, a petty traffic in linen, hemp, honey, wax, lea- ther, furs, &c. On Auguft 17, 1812, Bonaparte attempted to take this city by (tot-m, when the carnage on hoth fides was dreadful ; and the Ruffians retired a little after midnight, having firfl fet fire to their magazines, &c. The French, on their retreat from Mofcow, evacuated it on Nov. 17. Smolenik is 130 m ese Polotlk, and 230 W8w Mofcow. Lon. 32 33 E, lat. 54 50 N. SmorifOHt, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Wilna, 46 m esEWilna. Smyn/iu/tn, i town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Holftcin, 16 m w Rendiburg. Smyrnot a feaport of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, and one of the lurgeft and richeft cities of the Levant. The privi- leges it has enjoyed for many ages, and the goodnefa of the harbour, has caufed it to be rebuilt feveral times, after having been deftroyed by earth- quakes. It is the rendezvous of mer- chants from almoft all parts of the world, and the magazine ot their mcr- chandife. The Turks have 19 mofques, the Creeks three churches, the Jews fix fynagogucp, the Armenians one church, and the Latins three convents. There are three bifliops. one Greek, another Latin, and the third Armenian. The population is computed at 150,000 perfons. The ftrects are more open, belter paved, and the houfes better built, than in other towns of the conti- nent. The (Ireet of the Franks is the fined in Smyrna, and extends nlongjhe harbour. The imports from England confill of woollen cloths, camlets, lead, tin, and hardware ; thefe are exchanged for cotton, coftVe, mohair, drugs, galls, raifins, figs, &c. The Knglifh and Dutch faftors have proteftant chapels, and in the Frank quarter are feveral ta- verns, and lodging-houfes for travellers. The fortifications con fid of a fort, a 1,-1.1 K'- \y^ I so A caftle, a mount.-iin. nrut an old citAclcl. It is fcatod at the liead of a large l)ay, 190 m HAW Coiiftiituinuplo. Luii. a; 7 E, lat- 38 iH N. Smyrna, Neiu, a town of E Florida, fituaii; on the w fide of tlic s branch of th(.' Mofquito inlet, 80 m bsE St. Augui- tin. Snacif>t/jurg,atovfn of Lower Saxony, in Blunrwick-Luneburg, Icatod at the conflux of the Utcht with the Elbe, jo in E by s Dannebiirg. Snaith, a town in W Yorkfliirr, with a market on Friday, ft;attd near the Aire, ij m 8 York, and 175 n by w London. Sneck, or Snitzt a fortified town of Holland, in Friclland, feated on a lake of the fame name, in mar/liy land, la m I8VV Lt'wardcn. Sngime, a town of Pcrfiu, in the pro- vince of Irak, 57 m wnw A.'^udan. Lon. 46 >4 E, lat. 35 45 n. Snetj/iam, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Friday, feated on a Imall in- let of the fea, i a m n n e Lynn, and 1 1 1 N by E London. Suiadin, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of I'lzelc, on the river Pry- nee. 45 m tiE Slnck, and 100 £ Pinik- Sniatin, a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of Lcmlnirg, or kingdom of Ga- licia, on the river Pruth, 1 10 m se Lem- burg. Lon. 25 50 e, lat. 48 3;; n, bnowdotiy a mountain of Wales, in the centre of Carnarvonfliire, and the mod noted eminence in the whole re- gion of the Welfli hills. It has leveral craggy fummits, deep dells, moors, and chalrns; alfo two lakes that abound with fifh, particularly ihe char and the gulniard. The height of this mountain, from the level of the fea to the higheft peak, 133571 feet. It was held lacred by the anoient Britons, as Parnaflus was by the Greeks. From its fummits may be feen a part of Irelund, of Scot- land, and of Cumberland. Snoivliill, a town of Maryland, capi- tal of Worcefter county, fituate on the Pokomoke, which, iz miles below, en- ters the Chefapeak. It has a fmall ex- port trade, and is 30 m se Vienna. Lon. 75 40 w, lat. 38 8 s. Soana, a town of Tufcany, in Sien- nefe, feated on a mountain, near the river Flora, 46 m s by e Sienna. Soanct a river of Hindooftan, which iflues from a lake, on the s confines of Allahabad, the fame that is the fource of the Nerbudda, and, flowing in an oppo- fite diredion to that river, enters the Ganges above Patna. Soary a river in Leiccfterfliire, which rifes from two foarces in the aw part of %0V thr county, flows by Lcicefier and MountforrtI, paiFes a little to the R and N of Loughborough, and then ft'p.ir.Ue^ this contity ftoin Nottinghamlhiro to its iiitraiice into the Trent. Soocrnlieim, a town of France, in thr dt'partmcnt of Rhine and -Sloff llf, Litcly^ of Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine; feated on the Nahe, 11 m wby s Creul/nach. Sobiejlau, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Bechin, with good cloth manu- fa(Sturcs, la m ese Bechin. Sabotka, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Buntzlau, 8 m t by n Jung Buntzlau. Society Ijlest illands in the Pacific ocean, difcovcred by Cook in 1769,3111! fo called in honour of the Royal Society. They lie between 150 57 and 152 ow lon. and 16 10 and 16 t,s ^ ^^^- and are feven in number ; namciv, Huahcine, Ulietea, Otaha, Bolabola, Mourua, Tu. bai, and 'I'abooyumanoo. The foil, pro- dufllons, people, their language, reli- gion, cuitoms, and manners, are nearly the lame as at Otaheitc. Nature bai been equally bountiful in uncultivaltd plenty, and the inhabitants are as luxu- rious and as indolent. A plantain branch is the emblem of peace, and changing names the greatcll token of fricndftiip. Their dances are moft ele- gant, their dramatic entertainments have fomething of plot and confiftency, and they exhibit temporary occurrences as the objcds of praife or fatire ; fo that the origin of ancient comedy may be already difcerncd among them. The people of 11 uaheine are in general fiouter and fairer than thofe of O'taheite, and this ifiand is remarkable for its popu- loufncfs and fertility. Thofe of Uiictea, on the contrary, are fmallcr and blacker, and lefs orderly. Soconu/co, a province of New Spain, in the audience of Guatimala, ico m long and from 30 to 60 broad ; bounded on the Nw by Guaxaca, ne by Chiapa, se by Guatimala, and sw by the Pacific ocean. It is flieltcred from the n winds by high mountains, which renders the air exceeding hot. Here arc few lettle- ments befide the capital ; but the foil is fertile in vegetable produdlions, efpc- cially in excellent cacao. Soconu/co, or Guevetlan, a town of New Spain, capital of the province of Soconufco. It is feated on a river, near the Pacific ocean, 130 m nw Guati- mala. Lon. 94 16 w, lat. 15 iz N. Soeotera, or Socotra, an ifland in the Indian ocean, lying 45 leagues from cape Ga'defan, on the coaft of Africa. It is 80 m long and %3, broadi abounds mountains of Ai R O V j:i fruit »ud cittli", ami is pnvticiilaily r^ll'.{^(\ 'Of fmc al-j-"., known liy t!i«' h.mu: of S cotnue aloes. The niitivi-n arc Moll inud.Mis, with a mix'iirc uf [).i^ in- Ifm, A' il tht-y li.tvi' a kmi; wMi.) h a market on Thmlil-iy, Ititt-tl in a hot'oni near tht? Dowiis, 15 m KNK Biillol, and no w Loii'f 'n. S'ltirliamri \ fco Suderliarnrt- SntliVy a vilhi^e in Icoimkill, one of tlK- Ucl>ri(!es of Scotland. It waa for- iTii'rly a billiop's Itf, whicli comprc- 1u'ihIc<1 all thi* ill tiids, toi^ethcr with the id of Man; and the hilhop of Man is Hill caili-d bifliop of Stulor and Man Sodui, a town of thi; (tate of New York, fmiate lui the s lidc of Luke On- tario, on a bay 9 m lung and 4 broad, \yhich forms an cxctllt-nt harbour, when the rt'fl of the lal?e is agitated by a Itorm. It is 80 m h Niagara. Lon. 77 5 w, lat. 43 10 N. Soeborg, a town of Denmark, in the iflind of Zealand, iitnate on an ifland in a frcfli water !ak»>, 15 m wnw Elli- nore. SoeJ}, 3 town of. Wcftphalia, in the county of Mark, formerly free and im- perial. It is of large extent, and the ftreets are watered by fln-ams that pro- ceed from a lake. Tlu' inhabitants are generally papilts, and part of the cathe- dral belongs to them, and part to the Lutherans. It has a great trade in corn, and is la m vvsw Lipltadt, and 30 se Munller. Sofala, a kingdom on the coaft of CafFrcria, bounded on the w and n by the ftates of Mocaranga, f. by the Mo- zatnbiqne channel, and s by Sabia. The extent is 150 m along the coaft, and 250 inland. It contains rich mines of gold, and is tributary to the Portuguefe, SOL Bog.ina, (56 tn wnw AdriSo/jnsrcf>fjurt a town i>f Hind>4)l\an, capital of a diltrii'l in the province of Allahabad. It is liatid neir the Saone, 130 m s Allahabad' Lun. Ui 52 k, lat- 23 ^o N. Sohani, a town in ("ambridgt'fhire, with a market on .Saturday, feated on a fen of the fame name, near Soam-merct which takes up 1000 acres of land. It is 5 m 3E Ely, and 70 n by e Lon- don. Soho, a village in St,ifrord(hire, % m Nw Birmingham. Here are mide every article common to ihe Birmingham trade, plated ware, el<'gant pieces of filvcr both light and ni ilTive, and the improved fteam engines now adopted in numerous concerns. In 171)7, an ap- paratus for the coinige of copper was employed here by government ; and in 1804, the Bank of England dollars were ftamped at this mint. Soi^nies, a town of the Netherlands, in Hainault, near a foreft of the fame name, and on the river Senne, 8 m NN K Mons. Soijortnois, a late territory of France, in the Ide of France, which, with the late territory of Vermandois, now forma the department of Aifne. It aboimds in corn, wood, and pafture. SoiJ'ons, a city of France, in the de- partment of A\(ne ; and anciently the Sofala, the capital of a kingdom of capital of a kingdom of its name, under the lame name, with a fort built by the Portuguefe, which is of great import- ance for their trade to the E Indies. It is feated on a fmall illand near the mouth of the Cuama. Lon. 35 40 e, lat. 30 22 s. Sofia, or Sophia, a city of European Turkey, capital of Bulgaria, and an archbiihop's fee. The trade is confider- able, and the inhabitants are computed at 70,000, but the houfes are meanly built. It is feated at the foot of the the firft race of the French monarchs. It is a bilhop's fee ; and the cathedral has one of the molt confiderable chap- ters in the kingdom. Here St. Lewis, Philip the bold, and Lewis xiv were crowned. The caftle, though ancient, is not that in which the kings of the firft race refided. It is feated in a fertile valley, on the river Aifne, 30 m w by N Kheims, and 60 ne Paris- Lon. 3 19 e, lat. 49 23 N. Soianta, a town of Sicily, in Val di jnountains of Argentaro, on the river Mazara, which gives name to a cape s o \. and l);iy on the n coaft, lo m R IVt- lermo. SoUan, I town of W PrulTi.!, fitintc on th** Kra, (6 m sa Marienwcnler, and i8 K Thortt. SofJint a town of Brandcnbiiri;, in the N'*w mark, of which it wasforinrr- ly the capital It hat cloth and wuoU ]nn mnniifaifliirei, and a tMde in hopH. It ft.indi on a hke of ihc f.ime name, the fotircc <»f the river Mit/.el, 16 m n by E Cullrin. Lon. 15 7 p., lat- 53 a n. S^ltbay ; fee SuutliviolJ, Solenof, a lalcc of Iridrpcnd«'nt T.ir- tary, lo m long and to broad, lym^; midway between th» C;»rpi;«n (la and the lake Aral. The water is fait, and it has two iflunds. Soleure, or So/ot/iurn, a canton of Swifferland, which (Iretchen partly through the plain, and partiv iilong the chain of the Jura, ^6 m in length and 15 in breadth, ind in very populous. The foil, for tl»«* moft part, i« fertile in corn ; the diftr!«*th vlthin the Jura are rich in paflurt; and in the moui)taiiu>us pnrt8 are iron, lead, aiabalUr, maible, and coal. It ia divided into 1 1 bailiw ict, and the inhabitantn arc all Roman ca- tholics, except thofe of the bailivvic of Buckegberg, who profefs the reformed religion. Soleurtt a town of Swiflfcrland, capi- tal of the canton of the fame name. The church of St.Urs is a noble edifice of a whitiHi gray ftone, drawn from the neighbouring quarries ; and the arfenul and town houie make a pretty good ap- pearance* Soleure is furrounded by regular fortifications, and ftands in a delightful plain, on the river Aar> 18 m N Bern, and 30 ssw Bafel. Lbn. 7 30 E, lat- 47 9 N. Sel/atara, or Lago di Baj^ni, a lake of Italy, in Campagna di Kunia, near Ti- voli, formerly called Lacus Albulus, un the banks of which flood the temple and oracle of f aunus, In this lake are feveral floating illands, formed of mat- tf'd fcrge and herbage, with a foil of duft and fand blown from the adjacent ground, and glued together by the bi- tumen and lUlphur with which the wa- ter is impregnated : thefe being driven by the wind to the fide, fome become united, that they gradually diminifh the furface of the lake, which h now fome- what left than a mi'" in circMit, but was formerly much larger. From this lake ifTues a whitifh flream of a fulphureous fmell, and of a petrifying quality, which increafes in flrength till it reaches the Tevcrone. Filh are found in the Teve- 80L rone above the influx of thin lake, hut during the reft of its courfe to the Tl. ber thrrf arr iionr. Solfainra. a mountii'i of Naplci, in Tina di Lavnro, liirrnnndi'd by other mountains. It \\\% a kiiid of cavity, ab'»v«' a mile in diami-ter. which hai l)c»'n the crater of .1 vf, cano. The earth h«*re is warm and white; and if opfncd to foiiitr depth is infiipportabJe from the heat and exhalations- The ground is almofl every whrre hollow, and is fuppofed to have a fubterrancoui communication with Mount Vefuviui, Here arc matiufaiftures of fulphur, vi< tridi, and alum. Snlfiuitxhorgt or Sytvijlorg, a feaport of Swedt-n, in tht pr<»vince of BIcnkin* gen. It has a ruinou'^ caflle, and was formerly in a more flourifhing ftatc. It is nearly I'nvironcd by the Baltic lea, and 33 in wswCarUcrona. Lon. 143) K, lat. 56 3 N. Solihull, a town in Warwickfhire, vvith a market on Wcdnelday, la m w (-'oventry, and 108 nw London. Solingen, a town of Weflphalia, in the duchy of Berg, with maiiufatflurei of cutlery and ail kinds of iron work ; Ceated near the Wipper, 15 m kse Duf* feldorf. Solkamfit a town of Ruflia, in the government of Perm, famous for its fait* pits and good hoi fes. It is feated on the Uffolka, which flows into the Kama, 430 m NE Kafan. Lon. 57 a6 e, lat. 59 16 N. Sollapourt a town of Hindooflan, in Vifiupour, capital of a diitrii!t celebrated f(^r mines of dLimonds. It is feated near the Kiftna, 130 m as Vifiapour. Lon. 77 lo B, lat. 16 13 N. Soller, a town of Majorca, near the NW coafl, in a celebrated vale of orange- trees, with a port at a fhort diftance, from which the oranges of this diltrldt are exported. It is 16 m nnb Palma. Solms, a county of Germany, in Wet* teravia, lying w of Upper Hcfle. The houfe of Solms is divided into feveral branches ; the principal one is Braun* ftls, which was raifed to the princely rank in 174a. The decayed caftle of Solms, the feat of the ancient counts, is feated on a hill, a mile e Braunfels, the prefent capital. Solomon IJJands '■, fee Dangery IJles of. Solor, an illand of the E Indies, 70 m in circuit, to the s of Celebes and w of Flores. Lon. 123 53 e, lat. 90s. Solferint, a town ot Italy, in Mantuan, 17 m NW Mantua. Solfona, a city of Spain) in Catalonia, SOM ind a bifhop't fee. It U featcd at the fool of a mtiuntain, 56 m nnw Uarce- lona. Lon. 1 25 i, lat. 4a a n. SoUau, M town uf Lower Saxony, in Somerfet% a town of New Jorfcy, chief of thi> county of iti luine. It U fcaicil on Millftone river, 13 m n Trenton. Somerfet/hirf, • county of England, the principility of Luneburg-Zcll, on boiindi'd un the nw by the Briitoi chan the river Bohme. a8 m mmw ZcII, and 28 wsw Luneburg. Solteam^, a town of Holland, in Oro> ningcn, with a large fort, at the moulh of the river Hunle, which it c.ilh-d Gro- nin«o Deep, 17 m nw Oroningen. Solvat a town of Walci, in Pern- brokelhire, with a harbour at the mou^h uf the Soivach. 3 m R St. David. SoivitxSerg, a town of Sweden, in Blekingen, with a ruinous caftle. It is aimoft environed by the Baltic, and 36 m wsw Carlfcrona. Stlway Fritht an arm of the fea, be nel, N by Oloiiccftcrihire, i liy Wilt- fliire, SR oy Dorftiniire, and iw by De- vonfhire. It it 65 m long and 45 broad, containing 991,360 acres; is divided into 4} hiindiedii, und 475 pRrifhest has two citi«'S and a8 mnrket-towns; and fends 16 members to parliament. The number of inhabitants was a73,750 in 1801, and 303 , 1 80 in i H 1 r . The foil in the nf. quarter is in general (loney, and poflrnVsa lofty mineral tratit, called Mtndip unit. Toward the centre, where its piincipal rivers unite, are fens and marihy moors of great extent. On the tween Cunnberland in England, and w fide are the Quantock Hills, with Dumfries(hire and KircudbnghtOiire in Scotland. It is navigable for veflTels of 100 tons within 6 m of the extremity \ and the fiflierics, efpecially of falmon, are very confiderable. At its head on the Cumberland fide, near the river £(k, is Sol way Mofa, which was a level track above a m long and a mile broad { but in 177I1 being I'woln by rains, it burft out at the eaftern extremity, fpread over a neighbouring valley, and the furface funk 24 feet into Us prefcnt hollow form. many downs und open heaths ; and in the NW corner is tne flerile region of Exmoor, The » part toward Dorfet- fliire, is high, but well cultivated ; and throughout the county, efpeciully in the sw quarter, vales of the greateft fertility are intcrfperfed. The principal rivers are the Far ret, Ivel, Thone, Brew, and Avon. Cattle, nearly eaual in fize to the Lincolnihire, are fed in fine mea- dows about the head of the Parret. The beft goofe feathers for beds come from the marfhes. Cider is a common Solumania, or Shtrexur,^ a town of produ£t of this county, and it has ^ con- Afiatic Turkey, and capital of the largeft diftriA in Lower Kurdiftan. Sherezur having fallen to decay, it was rebuilt by Solyman the great, and has fince that time aflumed his name. The governor, who is always by birth a Kurd, uiually aflumes the title of Paiha of Kurdiftan. It is fituate in a delight- ful valley, at the foot of Mount Zagros, 35 m E by s Kerkouk, and i8» nnb Bagdad. Lon. 45 ae e, lat. 35 a6 n. Sombrere, one of the Nicobar iflands, in the Indian ocean, 30 m to the n of Nicobar. It gives name to a channel nearly in the middle of the illands. Sombrerete, a town of New Spain, in Zacatccas, capital of a diftri^ abound- ing in rich filver mines, 80 m nw Za- cateca';. Sombrero, a cluftcr of uninhabited iflandR in the W Indies, hclonginp to the Eiijiiifti. Themoft remarkable of them i83 m long, and coDfifts o\ an eminence, to wliich th.' Spanilh dilcoverers, find- ing fome refembla'ice to a hat, gave it thiti name. It is 80 m ic the Nw of St. Ci.nii-opher. Lon. 63,^7 V lat. iH 34 n. Somfrfft, a town of MalFachufeits, m Brutol county, feated on Taunton river, Jo m s by w Bollon. fiderable (hare in the woollen manufac- tures. Bath and Wells are the two cities, which conftitute one biihopric. Somerton, a town in Sumerfctlhire, with a market on Tucfday. It was formerly a confiderable place, whence the county took its name, and fome ruins of its caftle now form a part of the Bear inn. Between this town and Bridgewater is a rich tradt called Sedg- moor, memorable for the defeat of the duke of Monmouth, in 1685. Somer- ton is 13 m 6 Wells, and 1S3 w by t London. Somma, a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, near which is produced much filk of the heft quality. It is lo m e Naples. Sommct a department of France, in- cluding the late province of Picardy. It takes its name from a river, which rifes in the department of Aifne, flows by St. Quentin, Peronne, Amiens, Abbeville, and St. Valery, and etiters the Englifli channel. Amiens is the capital. Sommerdyck, a town of S Holland, chief place of the ifland of Overflakee, 5 m BSE Helvoetfluys. Sommerfeld, a town of Brandenburg, in the New mark|,witb mauufaftures of •> A , ii. I «0>? ftni* cloth*; fotcU on the Ltipa, ij m •iw Cmfrrn. Somm'urej, .iton.. of FrAiicCi in the df p.irtiricnt uf Oini, wiih :i tii.tiiut'.ic- ture of ihick (i-rgt « , fcatnl ou the Vi- doiirlt*, n m w l>y H Nifnit i SoififHori.jlrOf ;i town ol' Si)ain, or !•■ • coall of Hifcay, with a famousi Irt • mint', 14 m nw IJilbai. Stneifio, a town of It.ily, in Ci«' motif Cc, li-iitril on the Oyho, jo m n by w ( rctrior.i. SoHtierbiiri^, A Tapoil i)f Denmark, In the idand I'f' Aht'ri, with t»nc t' (Told and lilver. Arifpr in tlic cjpiial. Sononi, A town ol New ^paln, in tlie province of the famf namr, and a hi. (hop'i fee. It i( featcd on the river bonoia, ,^8 m » Arifpe. Sifiloo, an ilhnd of the Indian orr.in, lying Mw oi MiiMl.in,to, almoll nndw.iy between th.il ,ill.ind and H.riud. It 1; 16 m long and 11 liroul, and eont.nni about 'i",ooo inhahitantu, who are Mn. hami'danit. it in governed by a fiilt 111 , and hirt domitiiom exu'nd over a }{ic;,t number of imall idamls between Mm. danio and Horii»'(», eaih-d the SooIdo Archlprlago. The p«)pulnufuefH of Son. loo iH caiif-i! by its ulvantai^eoiis fitn,i. tion, which renders it agre.it mart, pir- ticularly for perils, (ign, and nlihlo bird-nelh. Tlie Knglilh K India Com- pany have a rtlidint herr. Lon m 15 R, lat. 557 N. Soouda^or Siidfm, a town of Ilindna- flan, in Canara, formerly the c^pit,tl m a country, whofe fill rajah wa.sexpjlrl by Ilydtr in 176J. 'Ihi ip.ia- withiu the inner wall was 3 m Iqnare, .md fully occupied by houfes. When Mt. der took polltdion, there ftill remiiiiid 10,000 houfes ; hut the liihletineiit wir, have reduced them under 100. It ii Icated above the Gauts, on the G.inga. wali, 60 m . by w Nagara, and 75 a by K Kundapiira. So/)liia ; fee Sofia. Sophiania, a town of Perfia, in Ader- bijan, featcd in a valley, %<■, m nw iauris. Sopliknberj^, a town of Denmark, in Zealand, with a royal palace, iK'ar thj coall of the Sound, i.i m N Copenhagen. SoproH ; fee lldeuhurff. Sura, a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, with a caftic ; (tated on the Ciarigliano, on the frontiers of Cnm- ]):igna di Roma, 46 m e by s Rome- Lon. 14 4 K, lat. 41 54 N. Sonat, a towu of Silcfia, in the prin- cipality of Ratibor, ai m E Ratibor. Sorati, a town of Lufatia, w ith maiiu- fL»(Jfun's of cloth, and a trade in yarn and limn ; Icated on the frontiers of Silefia, 8 m w S.igan. Sorbon, or Sorbontie, a villige of France, in the department of Ardennes, 6 ni N Rethel ; famous for being the birthplace of Robert Sorhon (confeflbr to St. Louis) who founded the college at Paris, called after his name. Sorel, or Chambly, a river of Lower Canada, which iflues from Lake Cham. plain, and flows n to the St. Lawrence, which it enters at the town uf Sorely or sou William Ilrnry. On itii hank* are two forti. Sec ( '<6rim/i/y of NapU'j, at tlic U)ot ot .1 moiiiit.iin o. ilic iainr nami'i 17 m > t)y k. N.iplcH. I.un. 14 34 I, Lit. 40 ,\(> K. Soriti, a tuwn (if Spain, in OUJ C.il- tilf, built on tilt- ruins of tlir :in(:i< nt Numantia,tic ir llic lourccol tItcUonio, 74 m i{MK iWirj^od. Lun. » lU w, lat. 41 so w. Soriiint, n town of Naplci, in Calii* bri.i Ultra, 17 m knk Nii-niiT.i. Soroft A town of Dcinu.irk, in '/i-a- lanii, with a royal colligc, mdowid with thr rcvrnncii of a oticf rich ct)M- vcnt- It is fcatcd on a fmall lakr, ,iH m W! town of I'oriug.il, In Uftrf • madnra, on the ilvcr 8«)urc, »; m !♦ L(,iria. South 1 t'>wn of Pcrrtu, in l.arift^n, fltuatc on the IVtiUn gulf. 115 m fiw Ortnu) I, on. ^5 jo it» Ul. a6 "8 n. SonjU \ fee Suj'a- S'jii-tt/ienii, .1 city of Cllilljl, of the fiiU rank, in tin provinc«M)f Kiangnan. It it i't inlcrftdcd by canjU of ficiU w.i»er that Furop" ann ci mpare it to Venice ; and the adj.icent eountry ia fo deliglitful, that the Chineic call it the p.itadife of the world. The bro- caden and cmbroidciiri made litre are fltecnml rhronghiiut the whole empire. It in celebrated for beautiful wmnen. wIh) an- piirchafed in diflVtrnt parti of the country uhite infant.n, edueateil here ill all the plealing art^, and liild tci tlie opulent, i he popul iiion i* pro- di|;iouH, and the commercial intcrcourlir with (tr.irigeri fo gre.it, that it might be fuppofed tlie trade of all the nrovinces c«'ntered here. It it leated on the Grand cau.il, and on a river that c«)m- municates with the lake T.ii, 560 m s by I'. Peking,'. Lon. 1 jo o k, lat. )i 22 n. Snitterraine, a lown of Franee, in the department of Crenfe, 34 m n Limoges. Sotith Sen; ice I'aci/ic Ocean. Soutltam, a town in Warwickfliire, with a market on Monday, 13 m ;> Co- ventry, and 8i Nw London. SuHthampton, a borough and the nninty-town of Ilampniirc, with a market on Tuefday, Tluirfday, and Saturday. It is a county of itlelf, go- verned by a mayor, who is admiral of the liberties ; and it (lands between the Itchen and Teft, which here flow into an inlet of the lea, called TrilVanton Bay, or Sonthamp^on Water. Thi" in- let is navigable almoft to the head for veirds of confiderable burden, and the two rivers admit I'mall craft (bmc way up the country. It was formerly a port of great commerce, ftill polFefles a con- fideiable trade, and has a particular connection with Jerlcy, Giicrnfey, AU derney. and Sark, as all the wool ii:nt to thofe ifland8,duty free, muft be (hipped here. It contains five churches, ia furrounded by dilapidated walls with towers, and had a ftrong caftle, now in ruins. It is a falliionable place of refort for fea-bathing ; and has manufafturea of filks and carpets. Two m hence ia Woodmills, where ia a manufacture of Ihip-blocks, for the king's yards ; and 3 m sKarethepidtorefque remains of Net- ley Abbey. Southampton is the birth- place of the celebrated Ifa.ic Watts. The number of inhabitants was 7913 '4 .?.-,, if V,% I .1 ■ ■ !IOfT in iNoii «n good .tec )m* roodatidni for company. SouthtnJ, a villj)(ir of Scotliiu), in ArgylclhirCion the » coaft of iherfnin* (ula of Cintyre, 7 m » Camhl-town. lli*re it a frrry-lxiat alw.iy* in wait- Ing for the conveyancr or piffl-ngm und cattle to Haliycadle in Irrbndt and near it| on n precipicr ovcrhaiig- ing the Tea, ii the old caille ot Da- navi^rty. Sout/i/leet, a village in Kent, 3 m uw Orav('t«*nd. Some ftoiie coffuia, urn«, Sic. were dug up here* at the com* mencemrnt of ihi; nrefent century, which evince it to have been a Roman ftatioi). SfiUthoU, a town of New York, in Suflfolk county, on the n fide of an in- land bay at the e end of Long ifland, 100 III INI New York. Lon. 7a o w, lat- 41 14 N. Southorongh in Surry, which may be confidercd at part of the metropolii, being feated on the op- pofite fide of the Thamea, and under the juriCdidtion of the corporation of London- It ii called the Borough, by way of dinin^ion- Here are flx churcheii a Roman catholic chapel, many placet of worfhip for diflt-ntersi and fevcral charitable foundations, par- ticularly the hofpitals of St. Thomas and Guy ; alfo tlie King's Bench and M?i(halfea prifons,and the county-gaol. The i:umber of inhabitants was 671448 in 1801, and 72,119 in 1811 ; the latter Dumber, with the addition of Lambeth and other out-paridics in Surry, appen- dant to the metropolis, make 169,260 toward its population. See London. Southrd, below which it receives the Peak, and loon afterward ji)ins the Trtnt. Sowtrby, a town in W Yorklliiic, confiderable lor iti vuri'titrt m.inuiac< tures. The inhabitants were 417^ in i8ot, and 5177 in 1811. It hat a bridge over the Caldir, and is 3 m sw llalii^x. Spa, a town of the Nethfrlmdf, in the territory of Liege, famous for mi- neral waters. The p.trt called the VM Spa confilts of poor cott.tgcs: the houfes of the New Spa are moftly wood and plallcr ; but the more ino- dcrn ones are of brick .md Aonc The church of the c ipuchins and thr parilh* church are both i'eati-d upon cmln«-ncci. The names of the five principal wells are Poubon, Gcronflrrd, >aviiii:rf, Watpotz, and Tunnelet. The inhabit- ants are employed in making toys tor ftrnngcrB. Spa is featcd in a vallt-y, fur* rounded by mountains, 17 m!)!: Liege. S/>aif, a kingdom of Europe, 700 m long and 500 broad ; boumlfd on the N by the bay of Bi(cay, ne by the Pyrenees, which (trparateitfromFrancff E and s by the Meditemncan, sw by the; Atlantic, and w by Portugal and the Atlantic. It contains the provincrj of Old and New Caftilc, Aiidaiulia, Amgon, Eflromadura, Galicia, Leon, Catalonia, Granada, Valciitia, Bilcay, Afturias, Murcia, and Upper Navarrei fome of which have been fiparatc king- doms. The air in dry and ft-reiie, ex- cept during the equinoAial rains, hut excefTively hot, in the louthern pro- vinces, in June, July, and Auguft. Hie vart mountains, however, that nis tkrnngh Spain, ar« hjhit4ntt by ihc re lomr from them In IhoCi- in Ihc M 411(1 trry 'iiitSoiin, once the molt fiee, irt how one ot the molt dri'punc ninnarchii-K in Kurope. It had •tic its coite'ior parliamentu, whi' h had great fiiivilr((c i but now, though not ablo- utely abolillu-'l, Ihcv are under iht control of the kiii)(. lint the delpiitifni of the nuniiriliy ii balaneid by the power oi the chinch, to whitli the no- bles are rubtn'H'ive dcvotiesi; and by many coiintiU, whieh are tel'poi liblo for any n iwile or nnfiuvrftfnl mea« liires. In itioH. the I'leiich attempti'd to uvi'iturn the i;overninent of thig country ; and haviii); alliiied the ruyal family into France, they were rttain/cl there by N.ipoleon. and Iiih brother Joliph feiit to Madrid, where lie al- lunud the title of king of Spain. '1 he Spjiiianlb iniinedi itily appointed a lu- prenie Junta of>;i)V> ininent of the kinif ttom, who, ill iKio, liimmoiicd the cortci to join them at Cadi/ . and this alPmlily, l'uhl'r(|iunlly removed to Se- ville and Madrid, are erdcivoiiring ti» ri'ilore Ferdinand vii. thcirabfent king. 'I'he campaiyrns of 1811 and 1812, of the tiniteil Spa idli, PortUKtufe, and Uritifli forcen, under lonl Wellington, were carried on with variablr fuceels ; but in that of 1H13, aftir ihc battle of the Pyrenees, few of the French re- mained in Spain; ai.d in October the allied army pallid the Hiddloi, ^m\ ef. tabliibcditli'ltin France [Onthedown- fall of N?poleon,iii 1UJ4. Fuiiinand vtt was rellored, and the .lupiiliiion re- cHablilhcd.] Madiid is tl e capital. 'S/fl/w, Afiy, an exteiilivc kingdom in the w part of N America, belonging to Spain, and governed by a viceroy. Sci.' Mexico. Spottla, a town of Harbary, in the kingdom of 'I'unis, near whii h are ex- teulivc and xnagnilicent ruins. It i> aX ',;i Iflti 8PE fituate on n riling grutind, fli;tdc(l with jiuiiper-trces, 90 in sw Tunis, and 100 SSR Bonn. Lon. 9151::, liit. 35 40 n. S/>a/atro, or SpiiIatio,ix (Irong I'taport of Oalmati.i, .ind an archbifhop's ll'C The harbour is lurgt;and deep, and will frequented. Without the walls is a fulphurcoiis I'pring, of great benefit in chronical difeilcs. Ilt-re are the ruins of the palace of Uioclclian, and of a mag- nificent aqueduift In 1784, Sp;datro was nearly depopulated by ihc plague. It is featcd on a pcninfu'a in the p;iilf of Venice, 70 m se Zara, and /oi .. .. ili- gufa. Lon. 17 31 k, lat. 44 4 n. Spahini!^, a town in LincolnHiire, with a market on Tuefday. It is feated on the Welland, and from its neatncfs, and the canals in the ftrects, refifmbles a Dutch town. It has a good carrying trade in corn and coal ; and much hemp and flax is grown in the neighbourhood. It i: T/t m s by w tiodon, and 97 n London. Spalti a town and caftleof Franconia, in the principality of Anfpach. The vicinity produces excellent hops. It is leatedon the Retzat, 16 m ese Anfpach. Spandnu, a town of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark, with a fine fortrefs. The arfenal is in fubterranean vaults, and there is a prifon for (late criminals. Bayonets, ramrods, fword-blades, and fabres are made here ; alio muflcet-bai rels, which are fent to Potldam to be finifhed. It isfeated on the Havel, op- pofite the influx of the Spree, 8 m wnw Berlin, and 12 ne Potfdam. Spangenberg, a town and cattle of Germany, in Lower Hefle, feated on a mountain, 28 m se Caflll. Span'tjhtonun ; fee Jago dc la Vega. Spartel, Cape, a promontory on the coaft of Barbary, at the entrance of the ftrait of Gibraltar. Lon. 5 56 w, lat. 35 50 N. Spartiwnto, Cabe, a promoritory of the kingdom of Naples, at the sb ex- tremity of Calabria Ultra. Lou. 16 40 ■i lat- 37 50 N. Spean ; fee Lochy, Loch- Speit-town, a feaport of Barbado*, formerly much frequented by the Brif- tol traders, and thence called Little JBriftol. It is fituate on the nw coaft of the ifland, and defended by two forts. Lon. 59 55 w, lat. 13 15 n. Spello, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoleto. Here are the ruins of a theatre, and other remains of antiquity. It is feated on a hill, 13 m n Spoleto. Spey, a rapid river of Scotland, which iffuesfrom a finall lake in the centre of Invernefsfliire, flows ne into £lginlhire> SP I then divides that county from Banffdiire for more than %o m, and enters the Cer. man ocean at Yarmouth. Spezzia, or Spetia, a town in the tcr. riiory of Genoa, with a good harbour. It is feated at the foot of a hiil, nc\ a gulf of the fame name, 47 m se Genoi, Lot). 9 .17 B, lat. 44 10 N. Slice Ijlaudi ; lee Moluccas, Spi Ibergy a town of S- labia, in the principality of Oettingen, 8 m ne Oct- tinmen, and [3 sse Anfpi).:h. S/'iietz, a town of Swili\rl,ind, in ihe canton of BeiT, on the w iide of the Like Tliun, 40 m sse Bern. !>pigi-lLergt 9 town and caftle of Wu't. phalia, capital of a county of the fame name, in the principality of Calenburg, It is I z m r. by s Halcm. Spigno, a town of Piedmont, in iMoniferrat, with a cattle, fituate on the Bel bo, 1 1 m ssw Aqui, and 40 se Turin, Sp'iUmbergC: a town of Italy, in Fri- uli, feated on the Tagliamenio, 14 mw Uditia, and 47 nnk Venice. HpUjhyt a town in Lincolnfliirc, with a market on Monday, I'eated on the fide of a hill, 28 m E Lincoln, and 133 n by E London. Spinalonga, a feaport of the ifland of Candia, vf "tr, a good harbourand a cita- del. It is fituate near a cape of thefamt name, 30 m e Candia. Lon. 25 48 e, lat. 35 20 N. Spire, a late bilhopric of Germany, in the circle of Lower Rhine, 50 m long and 30 where broadeft, and divided into two parts by the Rhine. Iti'?a mountainous couairy, covered with fo- refts, but pi- 'duces corn, wine, cheft- nuts, and almonds. The jartEofthe Rhine is now fubje(fl to the margravijof Baden ; that on the vv of the rivjr is an- nexed to France, and included in thede- partment of Mont Tonnerre. Spire, a city of France, in the de- partment of Mont Tonnerre, lately of Germany, and capital of the bifhopris of the fame name. In ancient times the emperors held many diets at Spire, and it was the feat of the imperial chamber till 1689. when the city was burnt by the French, and not rebuilt till after the peace of Ryfwick in 1697. Moft ofthe citizens are Lutherans ; but there ate 15 catholic churches and convents, among which the college formerly be- longing to the jefuits claims the firll place. Spire was taken by the Frencli in 1734 ; and, in 1792, it furrendercil to i the republican troops of France, who evacuated it the next year, but re-enter- ed it in 1 794. It is feated on the w fide [ of the Rhine, at the influx of th« Spire- SP Ibath, 54 m s by K ^ li,l.it. 49 19 N. Sfiritu Santo, a p Ibftwtcn that of Porti Ijiiiciio. It is fertile, Iriver of the iame na linto a large bay of tl |c,i;)ital is of the fun Icjlllc) and its port is lio m from the ocean |,it. 20 10 s. Spirit '.t Santo, a to |lhe middle of the if jll.iv.in.i. L')n. 79 37 S!it/u'nJ, a famous Iplifli channel, betweei Itiu'ille of Wight, whe |frequently rendezvous Sfit'cbergen, the mo [try of Europe, conHf of dreary iOaiids, lyin| ho E Ion. and 76 46 i hwing Greenhmd to I ZeitiblntotheE. The I cipalilland, is 300 m j covered in 1533 by fir" who called it Green lai be a part ofthe weft-" 1595 it was vifitcd by Inelius, two Dutchmei to be the original dif'co it Spitzbeigen, or fromtb'j many Iharp mountains with which glaciers on the ne pre pearancc, being high c colour, impendent o> catar.tdls of melted f i: ground of black cor Ui'h white. In the tinusi night for four n mals arc deer, bears, Ruffians from Archang of colony here. Toth group are fmall iflesca Iters; the mottardi'cli Splugen, a town I the Griibns, feated ni I the Hinder Rhine, 16 Sfoleto, a duchy of I clefiaftical ftate, $5 broad ; bounded on ! and Urbino, b by Na aad w by the patria c SPO bath* 54 11 s by K Meittz- Lon. 8 29 t,|,it, 49 »9 N. S{>iritti Siiuto, a province of Brafil, bftwetii that of Porto Seguro arid Rio jiiiciro. It is fertile, and watered by a river of the iamc name, which flows into a largr bay of the Atlantic. The cnital is of the fiimi.- nam«', with a ciillt, ami its port is a iTall buy about 10 m from the ocean. Lon. 40 40 w, Lit. JO 10 s. Si>iritu ^nnto. a town of Cuba, near Ihf middle of the ifland, 15s m tSE ll.ivina. Lon. 79 37 w, lat. a» 15 N. S/'ital, a town of Germany, in Ca- rinthia, featt-d on the Lifer, near the D(ive, 15 m WNW Villach. Sjiiuil, a village in Lincolnfhire, 12 m N Lincoln, on the Roman canleway, lading to the Humbcr. Here are two fprings ; one called Julian's Well, and tlie other Cnllleton Well. Great num- bers of Roman coins have been dug up ill this village. Spit/wnd, a famous road in the En- Igliilichannfl, between Fort finouth and the ilie of Wight, where the royal navy frequently rendezvous. Spitxherj^en, the moft northern coun- try of Europe, con lifting of a groupe of dreary iflands, lying between 9 and 20 R lon. and 76 46 and 80 30 N lat- having Greenl;md to the w, and No>a ZeiTibbtothe e. TheMainland,orprin- cipal illand, is 300 m long,'and was dif- coveredin 1533 by fir Hugh Wilhughby, who called it Greenland, fuppnfing it to beapart of thewL'ft.^rn continent. In 1595 it was vifitcd by Barentz and Cor- nelius, two Dutchmen, who pretended to be the original difcoverers, and called it Spitzbe;gen, or fharp mountains, from the- many Iharp-pointedand rocliy mountains with which it abounds. The glaciers on the ne prefent a Angular ap- pearance, being high cliffs of an emerald colour, impendent over the fea, with catar.idts of melted fnow, and a back- grout)d of black conic hills, flreaked wi'h white. In the winter it is con- tinual night for four months. The ani- mals Hio deer, bears, and foxes. The Ruffians from Archangel maintain a kind of colony here. To the n k of this dreary group are fmall iflescalled the Seven Sif- ters; the moft arii'c ):indyet difcovered. Splugen, a town of bwilTerland, in tbeGriibns, feated near the fource of the Hinder Rhine, 16 m nw Chiavenna. Sfoleto, a duthy of Italy, in the Ec- clefiaftical ftate, 55 m long and 40 broad ; bounded on the N by Ancona and Urhino, e by Naples, s by Sabina, and w by the patrimony of St. Peter, STA Orrieto, and Perugino. It ia fome- times called Umb-ia. Spoleto, a town of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name, and a bifhop'g fee. The cadle, Uanding on a hill, ii connected with the town by a bridge i and the cathedral is a fine ftru(fture. Spoleto fufTered greatly by an earth- quake in 1703, and again in 1767 ; but it yet poflcfles many beautiful edifices. Here are the ruins of an ampnithpatrc, a triumphal arch, and an aqueduft. It is feated in a country noted for good wine, near thi; river Tefiino, 40 m E Orvieto, and 60 n by e Rome. Lon. 13 6 E, lat. 4345 N. Sponheim, a town of Fr.ince, in the department of Rhine and Mofelle, lately of Germany, and the capital of a county of its name. It is feated among hillSf covered with vineyards, 27 m w by s Mentz. Lon. 7 sU e, lat. 49 54 n. Sporowt a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Brzefc, r>r» a Lake of the fame name, 34 m w by N Pinlk. Spot/and, a town in Lancafliire, con- fidcrable for its trade and manufadtureg. The inhabitants were 9031 in 1801, and 10,968 in i8u. It is 3 m N by vv Roch- dale. Spree, a river that rifes in the moun- tains of Bohemia, pafles through Lu- fatia into Brandenburg, flows by Berlin, and joins the Havel oppofite Spandau. Spremberg, a town of Lufatia, on an ifland formed by the river Spree, 14 m s by E Cotbua. Springfield, a town of Maflachuiwts, in Hampfliire county, with a confider- able inland trade j feated on the Con- necticut, 20 m s by E Northampton, and 96 wsw Bolton. Spr'tngjield, a town of Kentucky, in Boinbon county, fituate on the Lick- ing, 60 m w by N Frankfort. Sprottau, a town of Silefia, in the principality of Glogau, on a river of the lame name, at its conflux with the Bober, 10 m sE Sagan, and ao wsw Glogau. Spurn Head, a promontory on the sb coaft of Yorkfhire, at the mouth of the Humber,on which is a lighthoufe. Lon. o IS E, lat. 53 38 N. Squilace, a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Ultra. It was much injured by the earthquake of 17S3, and is feated on the Favelone, near a gulf of its name* 35 m sw St. Severino. Lon. 16 49 fi, lat. 39 3 N. S'tai/lot a town of the Netherlands, in the temtory of Liege, with a cele- brated Benedidtine abbey. Here is a BianufaAure of leather, and a trade !■ a, X t 'I K ■ ST A doth'j and ftnffs. is fcated on the Rcclit, tj m s. Limbiirg. StaJi-y ;i town of Lower S.ixony, in the chicliy of Bremen^ with .i fortiefs, a cc)llo(:«', ami three church's. It is tlie princip'I town of the duchy, Bremen, tlie capital, being a free city i and is the feat of th(! regency and chief courts of jiillicc of the ducliies of Hrtmcn and Vcrden. It Ihinds on th<' Swingol, near its conflux with the E'be, 4.? m nl Bremt'ii I,on. 9 ;8 K, lat. 5^ 36 V. Stadtam llnf, a town of Bavaria, on the N lide of tlie D.inuhe, conne»iled by a bridge with the city of Uatifbon, Stnd:lwi\^, a town of t!ie duchy of A^'eftphalia, on the frontiers of^ the county of Waliick Part of it, called Marfberg, ft;:nd3 on the lite of the fa- mous S.ixon fort of Elmefbeig, which was taken by Charlemagne, who built a church here in honour of St. Peter and St. Paul. Stadtberg is lituate on the Duruel, 14 ms Paderborn. Stadthci^^^eiiy a ftrong town of Weft- phaiia, in the county of Schaucnberg, with a palace belonging to the prince of Schauenbcrg-Lippe, in the garden of which is a mineral fpring. It is 8 m e Minden, and 10 N Rintrln. Stafarda, a town of Piedmont, with a rich sbbey. Near this place a victory was gained by the French in i6go, over the duke of Savoy. It is leated on the Fo, 3 m N Saluz/.o. Staffa, a famous ifland of Scotland, on the w fide of that of Mull, but only a mile in length. The sw end is fup- ported by ranges of balaltic pillars, moftly above 50 feei high and four feet thick. Here is a magnificent cavern called Fingal's Cave, which extends 250 feet in length. The entrance is a natu- ral arch, 53 feet wide and 117 high, from which the cavern is lighted, fo that the Cprtheft extremity may be feen ; it is fupportcd on each fide by ranges of columns, and roofed by the fragments of others that have been broken off in forming it. The bottom of the cave is filled hy the fea, reaching to the ex- tremity, and in calm weather a boat may fail into it. On the n fide ofthe ifland is another cavern, called the Cormorant's Cave, which exhibits the fame appear- ancep, but on a lefs fcale. The illand ia every where fiipported by bafaltic rocks and pillars, and fo much hollowed by various caves, that its whole furface is fhakcn in ftormy weather. The bafaltic pillars are all magnetic ; the lower parts poflefling a n, and the upper a s polarity. This fingular little ifland is ludoubtedly the gr«ateft natural cu- STA riofity in Tiirope, if not in the worlj yet was Icarccly knowr. before the ym^ 1772. StaJfeljJe'tn, a town of Franconia, ii,| the priiiripul'ty of Bamberg, fittiiitcoal the L (liter, 16 m nnk Bamberg, Stijffordt a t)«rou(fh and the counlv-i town of Staffordlhire, governed by ji mayor, with a market on Saturday, aiiJ manufa(flure» of cloth and lliots, A caflle was built here by William ij which was garrifoned by the troopsoff Charles i, and jeing taken, was dcmo'l lillied by ordtr of the parliament. [[1 has two paridi-churches, and a ^^\ liquare market-place, in which i$ t(,{l Ihire hall. The number of inhiibitjnJ was 3898 in 1801, and 486U in ii,,l It is feated on tlie river Sow, 34 m kvJ Shrewfljury, and 135 nw London. Lon,| 2 4 w. lat. 52 48 N. StaffordJlAre, a coimty of England,! bounded on the w by Shropfliire, mJ byChefhire, NE and li by DerhyOiirf T iB by VVarwick/hire, and s by Worccf-I terlhire. It is 55 m long and 41 bruidj contaiiiing 765,440 acres ; is tllviiledj into five hundreds, and 139 parilliMjj has a city and 19 market-towns;; fends 10 membi^rs to parliament. Tii{| number of inhabitants was 239,153181 i8or, and 295,153 in 181 1. Tiiepriii.j cipal rivers are the Trent, Dove, Sow.l Churnet, Stour, Peak, and Manyfold.F The foil in the s part is good and rich,! tliough not without heaths, whiciil take up a large tradt of ground : itl abounds in coal and iron. The midl die is level and plain; the Nhillyani!| barreri, being full of heaths and rr.ooiJ and where they ufe peat for fuel.l There are alfo good ftone (|uarrifij plenty of alabaftdrand limeftone. THil county is famous for potteries, andfor| the iron trade in all its varieties. Stagira, a town of European TurittyJ in Macedonia, celebrated for being thef birthplace of Ariflotle, whence he : called the Stagirite. Jt is now callti Stavros, and feated on the gUlf of Coa^ teffa, 16 m wnw Contcfia Stagno, a feaport of Ragufan Dal-| matia, and a bifbop'a fee, feated oni peninfula, in the gulf of Venice, 30 ml NW Ragufa. Lon. 17 50 e, lat. 43 jJ"! Staines, a town in Middlefex, witiia market on Friday, feated on theThaipesJ over which is an iron bridge. A littlfl above the bridge, at Coin Ditch, is ttel London Mark Stone, which is the aoj cient boundary to the jurifdidtion oft city of London on the Thames, ani| hears the date of 1 280. Staines ig M w by s London. ST A fitalhridge, a town in Dorfetfliirf, ,itli a market on Tiiefday, and a ananu- \i&\xxt of ftockings. Here is Jin ancient jcroli of one ftone, ai fret high, on a afe of 8 feet. It is leattd near the Stour, ao m N by E Dorcheftcr, and li,i w by s London. Staleif, a village in L.?ncafliirc, 9 m e danchefttr, on the river Tame, over Hvhich ii a bridge into Ch«'fl»ire It is fluted for weavers, diert, and pn-flersof voollen doth, and hai fomc fliarcin the Icotton trade. Stalimenf ; fee L tnnoj. Stamford, a borough in Lincohifliire, LoTcrned by a mayor, with a market on Monday and Friday. It in featcd oi» [the Welland, which is navigablf hence, knd Ins a good trade, particularly in fnalt and freeftone. Here fnblifts the jiiotiible cuftom of Borough Englifli, by Ifthich the yonngell Tons inherit the Bands and tenements of the father dying Jnteftate. Here are fix parifli-chiirches, ^nd it had formerly a college, whofe Itudents rtmoved to Jirafenofe college, tn Oxford. It is 44 m s Lincoln, arid N by w London. Lon. o 31 w, lut. |514»N. UtamforJ, a town of Connecflicut, in airfield county, fituate on Mill river, irhich flows into Long ifland found, 44 I NE New York. Stampalia, an ifland in the Archipe- ago, 30 m wStanchio. It is 12 m long {and j broad, has few inhabitants, and Rants frelh water. Stanchio, a fertile ifland of the Archi- lelago, near the coaft of Natolia, 40 Nw of Rhodes. It is the ancient |Cos, the birthplace of Hippocrates and ^pelles ; and is 25 m long and lo broad. pt abounds with cyprefs and turpentine pes, and a great variety of medicinal plants. The capital, of the fame name, ps i bifliop's fee ; feated at the foot of a nountain, at the bottom of a bay, and has a good harbour defended by a caftle. lon. a; 10 E, lat. 36 45 N. Standon, a town in Hertfordfliire, *ith a market on Friday, feated on the [river Rib, 8 m ne Hertford, and a; n V E London 9TA with a market on Saturday, la m a Glouceftcr, and 105 w London. Stimmore,A village in Middk-lex, a m Nw l-ldgeware. 'I'lie common is lo elevated a fpot.that fome trees here are vifibiefrom the German ocean. Stansfield, a town in W Yurklhire, conliderable for Its manufadiires. The number of inhabitants were 4768 in 1801, and 5447 in 181 1. It is 9 m w Halifax. StanavixJ'ort; fee Rome, in NewYork. Htmitz, a town of SwUierland, capital of the lower valley of Underwalden. Near this place, -in 1798, the troorsof Underwalden were totally defeated by the French, who afterward burnt the town and put the inhabitants to the fword. It is leated in a plain, at the ftiot of Stanzbcrg, 8 m se Luccrn, and 3 8 K Bern. Stara Hufa, a town of RunTia, in the fovernment of Novoporod, on the river 'olilh, near the lakcllm/ a laki', 4a m s by w toptn.! hagen. L')ii. la 15 u, I;\t. 55 4 k. I Str^g'utrg, A fe,i;)i>rt of Sweden, in£| Gotlilrtiuljleaitd oii the Baltic, 25 ^ J Nykuping, ;ir.(l 82 9W Stockholm. LonJ !6 40 I , Lit. ijH 16 K. Sicln, !i t wn of .Swiflerland, in \\A ranniii of Zurich, ni the n fuk-oftfitl Inline, where it ifl'iies tVom the Ulcofl Cti:illai;te. Near it is the ancient chsJ ii Hohciiklirgtn, now convened into J w.itch-lo\vcr. The cinirch is on ihel oppofite fide of tie Rhine, in a p|,cJ called Hurj,', which is coniiet^ed tothel town by a bridge. Ii is 15 m w by xl Coiiftaiice, and 25 n i Zurich. Stein, a town oi Aiilhia, on \hn fideof lh«; Dinube, over which i8a|(iii|[l wooden briii{ie to Matitern. Betwcenl Stein and Ivrems is a military mainitjc.[ ture, in which metal articles, fabrf!,| cloth, and clothes are made ami kipt.l Stein is a m w Krems, and u Nbywl St. Poltcn. Stehh a town and caftle of Germnny, in Carniola, on the Feiilritz, n m ,v| Lauback. /SV«'/?, a town and caftic of Germany,! in Carinthia, featod on the Drave, unil 8E Clagcnfurt. Steinau, R town of Silefia, capital ofal circle, in the principality of WoLm. itl has manufadluresol cloth, and itftatedl near the Oder, 16 m nne Li|jnitz. Steinfurt, a vown of Weltphalia, ca-! pital of a county of its name, with »j Calvinift academy ; li^ated on IhcAa,^! m ssK Bcntheim, and 33 Nw Miinlkl Stein/uim, a town of Germany, inthej circle of Low^r Rhine, with a calllf,] near the river Main, 4 m sf. Haiiaii. Steinlwde, a town of Wedphalia, the county of Schauenbeig, 011 the s| fide of Steinhuder-mere, in wliicli istke! llrong fortrefs of Wilhelmftein. It is 15] m Nw Hanover. Steinhtirji, a town of Lower Saxony, L in Holftein, with a caille, 14 m iiw[ Lubec. Stenay, a town of France, in the de- partment of Meufe, on the river Mculei j 22 m NNW Verdun Stenclal, a town of I^-fiandenbnrg, ca-l pital of the Old mark . ii°re is a colony of French Calvinids, and fcveral manu-l fadlures. It ftands on the rivplet Uchi,j 5 m w of the tllie, and 36 n by i| Magdeburg. Lon . 1 1 58 e, lat. 5* i5 H Sttrnbergt a town of ^randepburdj 44 E, lat. 5330 N STE in the New mark. It carries on a great commerce in cattle, and is ao m lnr Frankfort. Sternberff, a town of Lower S;ixony, in the duchy of Mecklt-iiburg, lituatc on a lake, i6 m be Wifmar. Sternherg, a town and caftle of Mo- ravia, in the circle of Olmiit/, lo m ne Olmntz. Slfrzin/fn, a town of Germany, in Tyrol, celebrated for Its fword-bladt-s. In the neighbourhood are fllver- mines. It is feated at the foot of a mountain, on the Eyfoch, 12 m nw I^rixen. Stettin, a fortified feaport of Hither Pomerania, capital of the part that lately belonged to Pruflui. It is a haiid- (bme town, conUlning :ibout 20,000 in- habitants, exclufive of the garrifon ; has numerous manufactures, particularly of cloth, ftuffs, hats, ftockings, yarn, cot- ton, ribands, paper, and canvas ; and carries on a confidcrable trade to all parts of Europe. Timber is the princi- pal article or exportation ; and (hip- building is a very profitable branch of employment. Here are three forts, five parifli-churches, and a royal colI(;ge. In 1795, a fire confumed a great number ofhoufes. in 1806, this place Turre'i- dcred to the French. It is featcd on the Oder, 70 m nne B.rlin. Lon. 14 44 E, lat. 5330 N. Stfthi Mewt a town of Further Po- merania, with a caftle fituate on the VVillem, amid lakes on the frontiers of Pruflla, 55 m sE Colberg, and 6a enk New Stargard. Stevenage^ a town in Hertfordfliire, with a market on Friday, la m nnw Hertford, and 31 n by w London. Stfiienjlurgf a town of Virginia, on the road from Philadelphia to Staunton, 13 m sw Winchcfter. Stevenflon, a town of Scotland, in Ayrdiirt, famous for the coal ftrata in its vicinity; fituate on a hill, 5 m nw Irvine. Stevenfwert, a fortrefs of the Nether- lands, in Upper Gelderland, feated on the Meufe, 6 m ssw Ruremonde. Stenvart Ijlands^ five ifiands in the Pacific ocean, difcovered by captain Hunter in 1791, and named by him in honour of atimiral Keith Stewart. Lon. 163 18 E, lat. 8 a6 s. Steivarton, a town of Scotland, in Ayrlhire, with a noted manufacture of bonnets, 6 m n by e Irvine. Stcwnrton, a town of Ireland, in the county of Tyrone, 5m NNtDung.innon. Steyning, a borough in Suflex, with a market on Wedneiday. In its church vere buried St. Cuthraan, and Ethel- ST I wolf, king of Wi'lTex, father of Alfred. It Im 15 m w by N Lewes, and 50 «w London. Steyr, a town of Auftria, which has a Croat tratli' in artichis of iron and fteel. The i'rench entered it in 1800, and concluded ati armiftice for a peace with the AiiftritiuH. It is feated at the con- flux of the Steyr with the Ens, 20 m sk Lint/.. Steyreg, a town and caflle of Auftria, fituate on a mountain, on the N fide of the Danube, 8 m k Lintz- Stkkhaufcn, a town and caftle of Weftphalia, in the principality of E Fritllarid, aa m ese Emdcii. Stigliano, a town of Naples, in Bafill- cata, famous for its baths ; fi:ited near the Salandrella, a6 m sse Aceicnza. Stillwater, a town of New York, in Albany county, on the w fide of the Hudfon, 45 m N Albany. Stilton, a town in IluntingdonfliirCf celebrated for a rich kind of chcelt; ; but now principally made at Melton Mow- uray, in Leicelterlhire. It is 14 n. s by E Stamford, and 75 N by e London. Stiiic/iar, H river of Scotl.md, in the S part of Ayrfliire, which has a rapid courle of a6 m, and enters the ocean below Ballantrae. Stiria, a duchy of Germany, in the circle of Auftria, 125 m long and 17 broad ; bounded on the n by Aullria, e by Hungary, s by Carniola, and w by Carinthia and Salzburg. It is divided into Upper and Lower Stiria; the former coniiiins the circles of Judenburg and Bruck, and the latter thofe of Gratz, Murchburg, and Cilly. Though a moun- tainous country, clothed with oak, beech, and pine, every kind of grain is well cultivated, and tlie while wine is very pli.'afant. It contains mines of ex- cellent iron, whence the arms made here are in great efteem ; alfo mines of lead and coal. The inhabitants .ire zealous worftiippersof the virgin Mary. Gratz and Judenburg are the chief towns. Stirling, a borough of Scotland, ca- pital of Stirlingdiire, leaied by the river Forth, on the fide of a hill that termi- nates abruptly in a fteep balaltic rock. On this rock is an ancient caftle, once a place of great ftrtngth, and often the Icene of bloody contention. The palace, eredtcd by James v, i« a ftately build- ing ; the outfide curioully ornamented with grotelque figures. Here are two churches and a famous grammar fchnol. In the town and neighbourhood are manufadurcs of carpets, Ihaloons, and other woollen ftuffs ; the cotton trade is very flourilhing ; and it haa a good 'f ,ii,. f \\ ':) >' 5 TO f ilmon fidicry. Stirliiij:, from it9 com- ni(Hli()iis litii.ition, comm.inds the paft bctwit'ti tlic N anil n p.trt of Sc>tlaii(l. Tlie number of inhuSit^nts was ^i^vt in iSji, Jiiul 5820 in iHii. It i-> JO m wNw Edinburg. Lon. 3 45 w, lat. 56 6 N. Stirlhigjhlrey a connty of Scotland, 95 m long and 16 bruad ; bounded on the N ty P^'rlhdiiro, NK by Clackma- nanfliiro and the frith of Forth, sr by Linlithgovvrtiire, s by Lanfrkfhiie ant! Dumbartonthire, and w by Dumbarton- Hiire- It is divided into 22 parifhes, which contained 501825 inhabitants in 1801, and 58,174 III i8ii. It iundt n member to parliament. Here are vari- ous remains of Roman antiquities, and it is crofTcd by thi- wall of Antoninus, which is here gent rally known by the name of Graham's Dyke. The s part is moiintainons, but the part near the Forth is firtiif. It abounds in coal, ironltoiH", and litndtorc. The principal rivers are the Forth, Carron, and Avon ; and the Great canal crofles it from the mouth of the Carron. Stir urn, a town of Wcftphalia, in the duchy of Berg, fcated on the Roer, i* m N Dufleldorp. Stockacb, a town of Suabia, in the landgravate of Ncllenbiirg. Near this town, in 1799, the Auftrians gained a vi(5tory over the French; but in 1800, thf latter defeated the former, and took pofleflioii of the town. It is feated on a river of the fame name, 17 m ne Con- ftance. StBckhr'idge, a borough in Hampfhire, with a market on Thiirfday, leated near the Tell, 9 m nw Winchelter, and 66 w by s London. Stockbridge, a town of Maffachufets, chief of Berkfliire county. It is 36 m w by s Northampton. Stockem, a town of the Netherlands, in th«^ territory of Liege, feated on the Meufc, II m N Mat'ltricht. Stockerau, a town of Aiiftria, fituate near ti.e Danube, 14 m nnw Vienna. Stockholm, a city, and the capital of Swcdin, with a cattle, in a fituation re- markable for its romantic fcenery. It occupies, befide two peninfulas, feTen fmall rocky illands between the lake Maeler and a bay of the Baltic. The water that dividt s the inhabitants of the diftlrent quarters in I'uminer, unites them in winter; (or it becomes a plain, which is traverff d by horles in fltdgps, and by vehicles of all Ibrts p'actd on fcates, along the tides of fhips fixed in the ice. A variety of contrafted views are formed by numberlcfs rocks of gra- s r ni>, rifinp boldly from the fnrfacp of th»^ wafer, p.irtly bare ami pirtly cr.ip. gy. aiid partly dotted with houiVs, or ftMtht red with wood. The harliour u an inlet of the Baltic, and the watirof Aich depth, th.'t fhips of the largcit burden can approach the quay. At the extiemity of the harbour, fcvrral ftreeti rile one above another; and thi- royal pa- lace, a magnificent quadrangular build. ing, crowns the fummit of the central ifland, which condituted the original city ; here alfo is the houfe of the no- bles, the mint, the exchange, the bank, and fcveral other public buildings The churches arc not remarkable for beauty, but that of Riddezholm is noted for being the burying place of the kings of Sweden. The houfes are almoft all of ftonc. or brick covered with plafter; and roofed with tiles; except in the fuburbs, which extend on the n and s fide of the lake, where many are of wood, paii^ed red. The royal acade- my of fciencet, owes its inftitntion to the celebrated Linn^ and five other learned men, and was founded in 1739. The royal academy of painting and fculpture contains a fine colle(flion of cuds, from the antique ftatues at Rorrp, prefented by king Adolphus Frederic. The arfenal contains an immenfe num- ber of Ifophies 2nd ftandatds; and the exchange and opera-houfc are handlbme buildings. Stockholm has manufac- tures of iron, glafs china, filk, cotton, woollen, linen, &c. From the nature of its fituation, it is upward of jo m in circuit, but the number of inhabitants Is not above 7.:),-;oo. It is 340 m nr Copenhagen, l.on. 18 4 e, hit. 59 ji n, Stockport, a town in Chefhire, with a market on Friday, and confidenible ma- nufadfures of cotton, printed goods, and hats. It has two churches and fcveral meeting-houfe«. The number of inha- bitants was 14,8.50 in iSoi, and 17,545 in 181 1 It is foated on the Merfey, 7 m 8!.E Manchcfter, and 176 nnw Lon- don. Stockport^ a town of Pennfylvania, in Northampton county, on the w fide of the Popaxtunk branch of Delaware river. It ftands 18 m ese Harmony, on Suf- quehana river, and there is a portage between them. Stockton, a town in the county of Durham, governed by a mayor, with a market on Wednefday Here are two docks for fhip-buililing ; manuf)(Rurei of canvas and roprs to a confiderabic extent, alfo of diapers, huckabacks, checks, &c. and a trade in lead, corn, and butler. It is leated on the Teei, STO not f.ir from its nu^uth, i8 m sje Dur- ham, and 243 ^: by w Lotulon. Stoitzow, a tovvii of Moravia, in the circ'f of Tril'licn, foaled on llic ViUula, 13 m ^E TclMun. Stoti; a village in Norfollr, 7 m rk P )wnh.nn. It has a ferry om the rivor Stoke, which in navigable hence to the Oiifi'. Stoht a viHage in Snttblk, amp. Ni-yland. It h is a church on i hill, whofc towtT is a r«.Mm;irk to (hips that pil'- fho moiitli of the harbour of Har- wich, at 13 tn c!iflanr«'. Slokir, or Stoke l*oy;fi, a village in nuclcinghamfhirc, 4 m NNK-WindCor. lis churchyard was the iccne of Cray's ct'icbr.ttcd Elegy. Siokt's, a town of N Carolina, chief of Miintgiimory county. It i-« fratod on the Y.Klkin, 46 m wnw Fay<'ttc<-illo. Stokfjkif, A town in N Yorklhire, with a market on Saturday, frated near the river VVifk, 10 m w by k 'Ihirlk, and 135 N by w London. Sta'lderjf, a town of Upper Sixony, in Thuringta, capital of a county of the fame name, with a caflle, where the count rcfidt's. It is (eated in a valley bctwee two mountains, lam ne Ncrd- haufer "nd 55 wy-v Lcipzic. Lon. ii 5E, lat 51 i6 N. Siolbtrg, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, where great quantitiei of cloth are mide, 9 m sw Chemnitz- StolhoffTi, .A town of Suabia, in the margravaie of Baden, feated in a mo- rafs, near the Rhine, 8 m sw Baden. Stolpe, a town of Further Pomcrania, with a caftle, three churches, and a Lu- theran nutmery. It has a confiderablc linen trade with Dantzic. an«l a fine fal- mon- fiihery . 1 1 is feated on the Stolpa, 10 m from its mouth in the Baltic, and 56 ENE Culberg. Lon. 16 48 e, lat. 54 J7 N- Stolp'munJe, a town of Further Po- merania, on the Bal'ic ft^a, wiih a har- bour, at the mouth of the Stolpa, 10 m Nw Stolpe. Stolpen, a town of Upper Saxony, in Xlilhia, with acadle on a mountain, 16 m E Drefden. Stolzenau, a town ofWeftphalia, in the county of Hoya, feated on the Wcfer, 14 m ssw Nienbur/. Stone, a town in Staffordfljire, with a market on Tuefd ay, featsdon the Trent, 7 m N by w Stafford, and 140 nw ion don Stonehaven a feaport of Scotland, andthecounty-townof Kincardineihire- It (lands un a bay, at the influx of the Carron ; and the harbour is fecured by STO a hiah rock and flone pier- Near it ar« the ruina ol" the ..iltle of Dnnottar, on a lotfy pcrpen'liciilar Mck airTioft fiir- roiindii! Iiy itit fca The town \i\- a miMiiiftChire of lif,>wn iiin-t , and lome trade in dried ttlli and oil. In 181 1 it cont.iined 1HK6 inli.ibil.oits. It is 20 m NMK Montrofc. Lon. 1 j] w, lat. 5$ j8 N. StotiingtoH, A feaport of Coniie(5licut, in New London cdimty Tin li.trbour ftts lip from Long ifland found, oppo« (iti- Filher ifland. It is 14 in i-. New London Lon. 71 58 v, Ut 41 a6 n. SorkaUf a town ol Hrandenbur^', in the Ucktr mark 27 m hk Berlin. St'jnia ;in hofpital for the miiinirn;incr and iducatioii of 60 buys. It is feattd on the Stour, ai m n Wor- ceftrr, and ia6 rw London. StottrbriJge, a town of MafT.ichufcti, in Worct Iter county, famoiii tor rxcel- ).nt butter and chcdc, 2a ni sw Wor* ceft'jr. Stourmhijhrt a town in DoiTctlliirr, with a market on Thurfday, ;uid u ni;)- nufa(flurr «)f white b.ii/.«r. Near it h the ruin of a cadle, once the lieat of thn W S.txun kings. It is fcat'-d on both fides the Stour, over whicli is a bridge, ao ni NE Dorchellor, and ic8 w by s London. Stouibert- 1 vilhjjc in Worctfttrfhirc, 4ms Kid J? - linftf r. It is a bufy cen- tre ' i'>d navigation, fcatt d oppolite the I. '.vl ' the river Stour and the i)tailot lire a. J Worccfteiihirc car.'! enters t.ic Sevt., over which river it has a h)ng flione bndgi*. Stoiv Market, a town in Suffolk, with a niailiet on Thurfday, and a manufac- ture of woolirn (luffs. It has a naviga- ble cut to Ipfwich, and is fcated on the Orwell, ij m Nw Ipfwich, and 69 nne London. Stow on the WolJ, a town in Glou- cefterfhirc, with a market on Thurfday, feated on a bleak hill, aa m i! Giouccf- ter, and 83 w by n London. Stoivej, a town in Somi'rfctfhirc, with a market on Tuefday. It had once a caflie, of which no veftigos remain, ex- cept the ditch. It is 8 m w by N Bridgcwatcr, and 147 w by s London. Stralane, a borough of Irelund, in the county of Tyrone, fituate on the ]VIorne. near th«^ Foyle, a m SE Lillbrd, and 13 8sw Londonderry. Stradella, a ftrong town of Italy, in Milanefe, with a cafHe. The French became mailers of it in 1800. It is feated on the Verfa, near the Po, 10 m IE Pavia. Strahfiitz^ a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Prachin, with a caftle ; feated on the Wotawa, 1 1 m sw PiUck. Stra/en, a town of France, in the de- partmcnt of Roer, lately of Pruflian Gelderland, lo m sw Gelders. Stralfumt, a ftrong feaport of Hither Pomerania, and lately the capital of the Swcdifh part. The inhabitants are about 11,000; and the trade and commerce ?re confiderable. The churches and other public buildings are handiome; and the library belonging to the college bas a capital coltedlion of coins. Charles XII, in 1714, came hither after hit re- turn from Turkey* and ennobled the STR magiflracy. Stralfnitd was forced to fubmit to the allies in 17151 but re* ftored in mo. it furrendertd to thr French in 1807 It isatmofl f'urroundrd by the Ualtic and tho lake Frnncen, ami hits a harbour kparatcd from the iflc of Riigen bv a narrow clinnnel. It is 4* m r.Nt I(ard. StranjiforJ, a town of Irel.ind, in the county of Down, feated on a bay of its name, at the narrow part that coniic^h Siraiigford loii^^h with the Irifh fc.i, 9 in K by N Downpatrick. Lon. 5 30 w, hit. 54 31 N. Strangj'ord l.ouf^lu an inlt't of the fca, in the county of Down, on the e coaft of Ireland- It is 17 m long, and 5 broad, and abounds with excellent (idi. The entrance into it from Strangford bay is not a mile broad. It contain? 54 I'ltall ifl.inds, on which the burning of kelp ttnpIoyH a great number of haiuis. Stranraer, a borough nnd leaport of Scotland, in Wigtonfhire, fituatc at the E extremity "f Loch Ryan. It k frequented by v( iTelb empioyrd in the coalting trade and herring filhiry; and some fliips fail hence to the Baltic and Ireland with corn. It li.is iTi.iniif.<(ittir(ji of cotton, linen, and lealhci, anil i.s :6 m w by N V\ igton. Lon. 4 57 w, lat. jj o N. Strajbttrg, a town and ciftie of Sii ibia, 18 m E Koiliweil, and 19 w Buchiu. Strajhurf^, a city of France, capit.il of the department of Lower Rliinf. Before the revolution of 1789, it was an arcliiepifcopal fee, but is nciw a billiopsic. It i« lituate near the liliine; and the river III runs through it, and forms many canals. There are iix bridges of communication between th« different quarters of the city, and thi' inhabitants are computed to be 60,000. The piii.cipal ftrudtures are built ofa red Hone, Jug from the qu.irries whicli are along the Rhine. This town, for- merly imperial, was taken by Lewis xiv in 1681. The citadel and fortifications, which he conflrudled, have been lb much augmented, that Sirafburg may be conlidered as one of the ftrongeft places in Europe. It was confirmed to France by the peace of Ryfwick in 1697. The town is entered by fix gates. In the cathedral is a clock, which fhows the motions of the conflellalions, the revolutions of the fun and moon, the days of the week, the hours, &c. Ati* Other remarliable circuniftance in tbii r? STU c«tb(dral ii iti pyramitlical tnwrri which 1% 549 fret hi>(h In ilic chiin-h of St. Th<)in,iH, ii tin- m.i|{niHcnit lotiil) of the f.tmoiu marlliil Sixe. Straiburg is a place of cotilidcrahle commcrcct anil hiiu iiiaiuila(?turfit ot tubjcco, por- c'tlaiii, (tti'l, l.icr, carpfts, cloth, lea- tliiT. \c. il is 6.S m N Hali-I, ami 75 t. Nancy. I.on. 7 4;, k, lat. 48 ^5 n. Stra/l'urjf, a town of W PruHia, in thi* province of Culm, with a callic ; (c.itvd oti the Drigeiit/, 30 m kNE Thorn. Sinijhurg, a town of Brandenburg, in the Uckcr maik, jj m n by w Pirn/lo. Strajburfft a town of Germany, in Cariiithia, on the riviT Ouric, 11 m M Cl.ii. It (I nids on the Pomilion, near ili conflux with thf Avon, 11 m w Laucrk, and 16 ssK Oljfeiow. Strathinore, a great valley of Scot- land, which extends along the fl foot of the Grainpiaii hills, traveriing the king- dom from Dumbarton to Stonehann, and is bounded on the » by the Lennox, Ochil, and Sidlaw hillH. The whole valley is fertile, and intrrfprrfed with nu- merous towns, villagcii,andelegantre.\t9. Strat/ii/, a river of Scoi land, in Su- therlandiliire, which ilVues from Loch Strathy, and flows into a bay of the N(u th lea, to which it gives name. The bay is Ihelterrd on the w by a large pro- montory, called ^^rathy Head. Lon. j 43 w, lat. 5H 4 Strattan, a to n . Cornwall, with a market on Ti— (day. 8 m nnw Lauii- cefton, and ai. w by s London. Straublng, a town of IJavaria, capital of a territory of the lame name, with a caftle. It h.is oroad (trects, handlbme churches, 'nd fine convents. It wai taken, in ^43, by the Auflrians, who demoliilied the fortifications; but it was reltored in 1745- It is feated on the Danube, 22 m uk Katifbon, and 68 HE Mutiich. Lon. 12 28 e, lat. 48 50 n. Strati/bergt a town of Brandenburg, in the Middle mark, with an old cadle on a mountain. It has manufadures of baize and cloth, and flands on the i*• Strf/itz, Oltit a rniall town of the diichy of Mccklmburg, the rrlidcnceof th( youiiR( r branch o( thjt houd-, till tht'ciftlf wai hurtit duwii iti (711. Sec thr precfding nriicltf. Strevf^nast A town of Swrd«*n, In Sii- d>rmania, and .1 l)i(hi>p'« fee, with a college. It i« liMtcd on fhf lake M ic- ier, ,0 m w by s Stockholm. Lon. 17 40 V, lat. 59 iB N. Stretton; iVt' Church Strrtton- Striih.)t,n town of Scotland, in Alicr« dfnithiic, on the river Sljichi'n, a tri- butary ftic.im of the fgici ^i m n by B AhtrJccn. Striei^aii a town of Silrfi.i, in tlic principality of Schwcidnii?, liattd < n ' rivtr ar tht* foot of a mountain, 1 1 ni *.' Schwcidnitz. Strointjh'Jm, a town of Swt'dio, in VVcllrriania, with an anliqiic royal caf- tie. Hire is a canal to the iron nimLit at Norhcr»{. It it fittiatc on the lake JVLu'liT, iH m sw VVeftcras. Stroma, a fmall ifltnd of Scotland, on thocoaftof Caithncl'', in KVntland frith. It has caverns that were once ufcd as placf.'i of interment, by the in- habitants of the neighbouring iflands. Near its n end is a dangerous whirl- pool. Stromherfr, a town of Wcftphalia, In the principality of Munlleri ao m ksb Munller, and ae nw Paderboiu. Stromberg^ a town of France, in the department of Rhit c and Molelie, late- ly of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, aa m w Mcntz, and ja » Co- blentz. Strombo/i, the mofl northern and eaft* em of the Lipnri iflands, and a volcano. It rifes in a conical form to the height of 3000 feet ; and toward the e arc three fmall craters ranged near each other, nearly at two thirds of its height. It is inhabited, notwithftanding its fires, and produces a great deal of cotton. Of all the volcanos recorded in hiflory, Stromboli feems to be the only one that flames without ceafing; ;iiid for ages pad, it has been looked upon as the great lighthoufe of the Mediterra- nean ti;a. Lon. 15 40 B, lat. 38 40 n. Utromnefs, a town of Scotland, on the sw lide of the ifland of Pomona, with an excellent harbour and a good trade, 9 m w Kirkwall. Stromoe, the largeft of the Feroe iflands, in the Northern ocf Swdirt in W Ooihinrul. fimouN tor llulltilh ; Irutfd on the coaft of the North fea, 45 m NNu> Uddcvalla. Lon. 11 10 s, Ut. ^8 Stroiif;oli, a town (tf Nuple.-i, in C.ila- biia t itra, lc.ifed on a high rotk, ;^ m from the (t'3, ai.d 7 N St. S«verini». Sirorijla, on« o! the ».)rkney idandd, lying Ni of that of Pomotia It it 7 ni lon^ and 4 bfo;id, but lo indcnttd by biy» Ih.Jt no part ii .iljove a mile from the (la. It prodiict-u an innneiife quan- tity i)f kelp, k'ilXft many (lirrp and cat- til-, and atfordi two j^ood harbours. Strontian, a town uf Scotland, in Arj!vle(!»ire, notcil (r.r rich lead mints, in which a new liiiid of mineral was difcovercd in (790, and named y/row- titei It fla ids oil the N lide of Loch Sunart, r5 m wsw Fort William. Stroud, a town in Cjloucefti-rfhire, witH a marki-t on Friday. It iu fiatcd on a brook, whole waters being pecu- liarly adapted to the dying of fcarlet, its bunks arc crov^^ded with the houfes of clothiers. A navigable canal accom- panics the brook w to the Severn; and it alfo extends p. to the Thameu, at Lechladc. From thcfe advantages the town has of late greatly encreafed, and in 181 1 it contained j;ai inhabitanti. It is ti m s by I! Glouceflcr, and 100 w by N London. Stroudf a confiderablc village in Kent, which joins the n end of Ilochcller bridge, being p.irted from the city bf the river Medway. StutlanJ, a village in Oorfetftiire, at the K end of the ille of Purbeck, 4 m E by N Corfe caftle. In the neighbour- hocxi are feveral curious barrows. It ftands on a bay of the fame name, which extends to Pool harbour. Stuhlingeny a town of Su.ibia, in a landgravate of the fame name, with a caftle on a mountain, 9ms Furften- burg. Stuhlweijfenhurg^ a town of Hun- ga»^y, and the fee of a bifhop, fituate in marfhy ground, occalioned by the river Sarwitz. It was formerly the place for the coronation of the kings, and gene- rally alfo of their interment; but it is much decayed, fmce the works were difmantled in 170a. The number of L<>n 18 iH K, lai sue « i; D inhabitant! U tti\w*Wi\ At ii.eoe. It Fucffn, nn tlir w (bttn* of tb** nr.iitnf U .'\o m iiw Biuli. iiikI Ko di: Piciburg. Lc NUire. Th** * puntontory, 4t itt Lon iB iH »., lai. 47 >tt N. nitrance. i« called Cape tiucccft. Lon. Stura, a new (bpariment of Trancr, 65 xj w, I it. 55 1 •, . 1. . ..!• n.^.i . I. u»- :.. Sutzavn, a t»»wn of Kilrdp^nn Tiir. incltullnic p trt of Piedmont. Il h.it it* njtnr Irotii a rivci, which rifrmn Ihi- w bonlrr, hhiI lluwn by Coiii ;uu! 1 ollaiio to Chir.ifco. wlirn- it joint the Taiiaro. Thf capital iiConi. .V/«/tf/irr/. a » i'V of Sn iIm.i, r.ipitil of the iliuhy of Wirtcnil)iiii{. Jt i« fur- key, ill MoULivia. furmfrly a city, hut now much ilccliiii*(i. it i« fcairii on a river of llio Time name, 70 m Mw Jady. L )n aj 5» v, Ut. 47 ^7 n. Sinldt a (Irong fort of th'' ilb" of C.in» dia, iitu4ttf on an iilct, in ;i gulf of ita roundi'd by w.ilU and ditchci, and ha« name, which ii on*.* of the tincll and an ancient calllc, willi a rich c;ibinet of fafill harbonr" in the I.rvaiU. riii-* fort curit>liti«:s, a d'ica! pjlacc, iin orphan houlc, acolltur. a tlucil acad"n>y aiul uhfcrvatory, a niilitivry academy, and one of the larntll libr'.rlci in (!erm-«ny. Il ban maniifanf.^ mountains, pear the river Ncckar, .^6 m k Baihn, and 5; Ni; Strafburg. Lon. 9 ai t, lat. 4S 44 N. Suadi/t, a circle of Gcrrrany, bound- ed on the N by Tranconia and the cir- c\c of Lower Khine, w by that circitr and Alface, 9 by SwilRrluid, and ^■■ by Bavaria. It contains the duchy of Wirtcmhurg, the maiyravatc of J5a- den, the principalities of Iloen/olicru, Oetinijcn, Furftenbiirg, Mindelhtim, Augiburp, and Conilancc, allii) IJur- gau, Uriigau, and ibinc other territo- ries. wa% conllniClcil by the Vcneiiann, who prtfervcd it a i,'ieit while after tatuli* wai no lont(cr in their polli Hiun. It ii K in * Canea. SiiJhurify a borough in SnfToIk, go- verned by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It has three churelteH, anil wiHoncdf the ftrll li?atlofthc I'lemiiign, who wen- brought over by l.dw uil 1 1 1, to leach th- ijinlilii the .iit of manu- fa*Jluri;)K their own wool. The trade it now divcrieil, in great part, into other channels, but many kinds <)f thin ltnrt» are dill made here. It i» letted on the Stour (wliich !« navipable hence to Manuingtree) 14 m h Hury St. IMnuind, and 54 Nii l.oiulon. Lon. 50 w, lat. SuJerforSi a town of Sweden, in Up- land, and the only place in the kingdtym where anchors are forged. It is U- ited near the Dahl, above the caiara*it of Ell'scarltby, .:^H m nw Upfal. SitJer/utmri, a town of Sweden, in IleUingia, with a confidcrable tr.ide in linen, butter, timber, and flax, and j minufadurc of arms. It is fitnaie at Smiem, or Suaquam, a feaport and the mouth of a Tivcr near the gulf of the capital of the com tty of Abex, foat- Bjlhnia, ao m n Gefle. Lon. 17 5 e, ed on a fmall idind of the fame name, lat. 63 10 N. in the Red fea. It is the n'lidence of a Su(Urkof>ini^, a town of Sweden, in I-". I'lirkilli poviTnor, under the balhaw of OothLiti:i(i, a province of Sweden, Subiaco, a town of Italy, in Cam- in the divilton of Sweden Proper, 62 na pi^jnadi lvoma,fcatedou thcTeveione, long and 4a broad; bounded by Up- 33 in K by N Rome. ^ land, Wcftmania, Ntricia, and the Bai- Sufn,a town of Barbary, in Tripoli, tic. It is th.' molt populous part of near a lake of the lame name, from Sweden, abounds in corn, and has mines which great quantiticB of excellent lalt of divers mctnla. Nykoping is the ca- are obtained. It is (ituatc on thegulf of pital. Sirtis, 36 m s Mefurata. Siuierielje^ a town of Sweden in Sii- Stuatiana, a town on the sw coaft of ch>nnania, with amanufjifture ofworfted Borneo, capital of a kingdom of the and lilk (lockings, Icatcd near the lake fame name. The chief producito of the country are campl r :uul diamonds. It is feated at the mouth of a river. Lon. no 15 v., lat- i 10 s. Succe/s Bat/y a bay of Terra del Mathr, j6 m ws'.*' Stockholm. Sutloree, one of the Feroe iflands, in the northern ocean. Near it is a whirl- pool, occafioned by a crater, 61 fathpma deep ill the centre, which in ftorms it i«t'>, ■'I SUP 9rry tlnnfermin ; liul »t lh<» rrffux, and ill Ihll writthir, thi liih.ilntaiiti venture in h4Mt« fur Ihr f.' fur- trcT* «»f Htvitirn, Ixiill on d »rr«l rikky iiU'U ill tlir nu\f ot iMiiluiil. In iHoN, it i'lirrirndrii il to ttw Kuni4iu. It i* tltir«' m I* ti( llrllin|{lor«. St>rftiort(, .» luport of Tivnmnrk, in tilt ill 111(1 of I'uiK'ri, «vi(|i Ihr III It har- bour ill thi* ifViiut. lirrt nrr III miif.ic* turr* ol wool), ti jnd liiii-n. It in it m lOilrniti'. l.'Mi n.<7 K,ht S59 M Surnhort, ;i citv of Cliin^. of tin* fitii r.itil(, ill till* province of I cichr li. ft'jtrd .oiiid iiiou'iiiilnii, ni.ir thr k*'-'** i^.ill, 77 m N >w Ptkliig. I.oii. 114 ,)9 K, lit. 40 |H N. Sufx, a Ic ipoit of Rpypf, with a c.if- tlct fciiril at thr n imkI ol'tlio w arm uf Ihf Rrd li-a, iMlIrd thr \:\\\i of Hiirx. Thi I jjiilf irt li-p.ir.«tt(l from the Mfdi- trmncati Ity .in ilthmiiiy (|it tnilfii ovtr. which joiiii Alia to Al'rici. Tin- town in lurriMindid hy a fuity coinitiy, and u without water. Filli in the only pro* vilion (hit in piciititui; all othrr neccf* iiriry of liff, for Ixitli min and aiii* nialst iirinK broiiicht from CaiiOi or im»rc tl fiaiit plurs; anti thir only water lit for driiikinp: ix hroiighl by the Arubk from the welU of Niba, on thr other lide of the piilf, 7 in from tiiii^c. Several vftl'eU are employed in the navigation bi-twern thiH port and Jiilda, wiicrt* thr commoditiin are b.ir- tt'red for Indian (joodiaiid the coffee of Arabia. The commerce «)f Cairo with Sm/ in carried on by caravans, which tv;ut thf arrival, and fet out on the de- parture of the vcfTVIs, that in, about tho end of April, and in the coiirfe of July and Augiiih 'i he mcrchaiulife connilB in corn, wood, iron, lead, wool, clo'h, cochineal, fiils, cordajje, &c Sue/ is 65 m V. Cairo. Lon. 3151 K, lai .:^o 1 n. Sitffifld, a town of ConnrCticut, in Hartford county, on the w lide of Con- necticut river, 17 m N Hnrtford. Suffolk, a county of England, bound- ed on the a by Eflcx, w by Cambridge- (liire, N by Norfolk, and fc by the Cer- ir.un ocean. It ia 58 m leng and 18 broid, containing 1,002,140 acres; is dividi'd into 21 hundreds, and siopa- rifhcs ; has 29 markt't-towns; and fends 16 mcndieis to parliament. The num- ber of inhabitants was 210,431 in 1801, and 234,211 in 18 11. The foil is of various qualities, but the country, in general, is kvel. That near the fliorc is fandy and full nf heaths, yet abounds in ryCf peas, turnips, carrots, and hemp^ {MM. yi 1*1(1 .iImi n \i L with numerous (^«Kki of 0\rtp. Ctv pio(l« bed* of j)rtritud fhrlla, called Ihill-marl, are found In varimia parts bctwcrn VV > Kihridgr and Orford, and art iiudfoi iinjixivtiiij litt'it land. MikH Suffolk, or thr vViMidland*, in thr inUiul ylrhU good pilluir. on which md.incf of eatile. Thai part on thf ciiiifinr* of MIVk and Cimbiidifr. iliirr aflordu alfo rxerlh'nt p dluret and to the N and nw it U fnnttul In corn. Thi- chief pro«lii«-t' i< hu»trr and cherfe | but Ihr l.iiir li.n the th.ir.»rtrr of th« word III I'lii^laiid Th*- priiinpd rivers are ihc Moiir, Wivcny, Little ()u(r, Lirkr, Driien, Clipping, and Orwrll. Iltl'wicli IR the principal town ; but the ani/ei arc held at ilury Kr. F.diiiund. SiijJ'jH, 4 town of Virginia, chief of Naniemond county. It it (ituate on the river Nanfemond, 10 m w by a Nor- folk. Suifulmrfei, »>r Sijfi/meJ/ia, a town of the kingdom of Tafilet, capital of a didrik't that abounds In corn, dutci, and other fniitn, and hat mines of iioii, lead, aiul antimony. It is fi-ati-d on the '/ig, 14 J m NNR Taftlct. l.on. 5 5 w, lat 29 40 N. Suhlii, a town of Ifpper Saxony, in Ihf county of llriini Ix-ig, with maiuj- faciuri't of fiiftian, liiun, leather, and ftecl; fe.ited on th'- Haiti, feven m m Schlfuliiigeii. Stihlinf^en, a town of Wrrtphalia, In the county of ffoya, on a river of its name, 32 m w by m Nienburg. Suir, a river of Ireland, which rifes in 'I'lpprrary. above IIo!y Crofn, flows by Caliir, Cloiunt-I, and Cairick, to Watirford. ind meets thr Barrow at the heail of W iterford haven. Sulau J (ee V.ulivif. Stil/i, a town of European Turkey, in AL.ania, with a caftle; fttuate on the lide of a ridge of mountains, of the lame name, 27 m ssw Janina. Sii//ivan, a town of the diftrift of Maine, in Hancock county, lituate on a bay, oppofite .Mount Defert ifland, 12 m NW Ooldfborough. SiJh/, a town of France, in the de* partmi-nt of Loirct, (eated on the Loire, 20 m iE Orleans. Sulinona, a town of Naples, in Ab- ruzzo Citr.1, and a biftiop's fee, with 11 churches and 12 convents. It is the birthplace of the poet Ovid, and feated on tiie Sora, 26 m sw Civlta di Cnieti. Lon. 14 55 B, lat. 42 o n. Sultania, or SultanabaJ, a town of Per- fia, in Irak, with the remains of a magni- ficent laoiqi^, which contains the tomb sin ti futtan ChcHtabrnd I city, of which coni i>} li >;-/. fl IT M !I(I M flf Ailtan Cftortf Ant4 em(\fk of M^liyi, Aohi^nrrc, Btt* ACttft <*^ which cunli>trr4liU- rtiini Ate l4«, I.4tnpi>»ni| 4iul Krjiiigi: ihf Ultrr jtt villblei and It U now rrfoumting arr Ukrn a« a AarMlaril of tUfcrlption, under Itt latter appcllatluii. In 189, with rrfpc^t to th« pcr'un, m4arifri, thr riiadrl waa cumplclrtl, nrar tlttlr ft4ttiri>| Uff^trd in a rich pUiiii 6*, Rollock. .SW/Ci a town ot France, in thn dr>« pirtnjent of Upper Rhine, with 4 mcdi- cin4l Ipring, i] m hiw Colmar. Sultt a town ot Suxbia, in the duchy uf Wirtemhurc, wirh tome iult-workt, fe.ite{« conlill limply in Joining the lund* ot' the p4rticM, and proiiDtincinK them nun 4nd wil'c, without mii -h oeremti- iiy. excepting the (mtert4inmcnt thnt I* given upon theoccilion. H'lt little p.itatin.'itc of H:«v.iri4, in 4 iliiehy of it* 4pi>4rent t'liirtlhip precedr* their mar name I iuatcd in a mouiitainouii cuun tr/. fertile in hopi, 6 m nw Ambcrg. Sulzburxt •» 'own of Suibia, in the marnravate of B.ulciiDurheh, with .1 tint- palace 1 fctted in, a territory fertile ill ttood wine, 8 m n^v I'riburg. Sumatra^ nn ill' id in the Indian ocean, the moft w- Kern of tin- Snncl.i iflands. It it 950 !>i long, anl from 150 to ioo broad; IV ,»^r,ited fmrn Malacca by tlie (Irait of that name, and from Java, by the rtrait of Snnda. The equator dividcv it inio ainioil ctiu.il parta; the one extremity htiiiR in 5 33 »r, the other in 5 56 s, lat. find Acliern Head, the n extremity, is in Ion. 95 34 N. This idand is i'lirpallVd by few in the beautiful indulgences of nature. A rijge*. Fheir manner* do not admit of it; the youn^ people of each fex being carefully k«pt aluudcr, and the pirU being feldi)m trn(l«,', and the flianks and fei t like thoie of a deer : the l>ezoar (tone found on this animal has been valued at ten times its wi-ight in gold. Of birds there are a greater variety than of bealls. Thecoo-ow, or Siimatran pheafai.t, is a bird of uncom- mon beauty. Here aie ftorks of a pro- digious fize, parrots, dunghil fowls, ducks, the largeft cocks in the world, woodpigeons, doves, and a great variety of fmall birds rcmarkablt- for the beauty of their colours. The reptiles are lizards, flying lir.ardo, and canielions. The ifl.md fwarms with infers, and their varieties are no lefs extraordinary than their numbers. Rice is the only grain that grows in the country. Hire arc fugarcan^s, beans, peas, radilhes, yams, potatoes, pumpkins, and ieveral kinds of potherbs unknown to Europe; and alfo molt of the fruit.s to be met with in other parts of the E Indies in the grcateft perfection. Indigo, iallpe- ♦re, fulphur, an'< nic, hrafd wood, two fpscies of the bread-fruit tree, prpper, caflla, camphire, benjamin, coffee, and cotton, are likcwife the produce of this ifland- Here alfo is the cabbage tree and filk cotton tree; and the foreils contain a great variety of valuable fpe- cies of wood, as ebony, pine, fandal, eagle, or aloes, teak, manchineel, and iron wood, and alfo the banyaa tree. SUN Bees wax ii a commodity of grrat In^ portance here; and there are likewifc edible hird nefts. Gold, tin, iron, cop- per, and lead, are found ni the country; and the former is as plentiful here as in any pan of Afia. Sumatra is divided into many petty kingdoms, the chief of which are Achecn, huU-aporc, l^ilimhan, and Jambi. The Engli«!> and Dutch have fadtoritson this illand ; the priiici. pal one of thr former being Fort Marl- borough, at Beiicoolen. See Aclueii- Siimbult a town of Hindooftan, in a territory of its iiamr, lying B of Delhi, fiihjetft to the nabob of Oiuk. It is jj m wNw Bcreilly, and 75 t Delhi. Lon. 78 53 E. lat. J.8 33 N. Sumbul/iour, nr Sutnelpour, a town of Hindouftan, in the province of Orilla, 144 m WNW Cattack, and a8o w Cal- cutia. Lon. 8^ 40 k, lat. at 25 n. Sume/it a town of Ali itic Turkey, in Ndtolia, 14 m K I'etgamo. Sumnein, a town of Hungary, in tlie ifland of Schtit, near a branch of the Danube, 16 m '<>h. Prefburg. Summei /iioiim, a town of the king, dom of Birn^ah. The inhabitants arc folely employed in the manufacture of f^iltpetre and gunpowder; arid hence all the r. yal inafra/ines are fupplicd with gunpowder. It is featc d on the Irra- waddy, 6H m s by w Ummerapoora. Sumnum; li?e Sfmnan- Siinart, Loch, an inlet of the fea, on the w coaft of Scotland, which extends ao m fc into the county of Ari^^yle, from the N end of the found of Mull. Sunhurt/t a lea port of the fcatc of Georgia, in Liberty county, with a ^a. pacious harbour, defended fror.. the fej by the ifle of St. Catherine. The town being very healthy, is the refort of the planters from the ailjac« t country, during the fickly montns. It was burnt during the late war, but has been rebuilt ; and is 30 m sw Savanna. Lon. 81 o w, lat. 31 33 N. Su7ibury, a town of Ponnfylvania, chief of Northumberland county, with two churches. It (lands on the E fide of the Sufquehana, juft below thejunc* tion of the e and w branches, no m nw Philadelphia. Lon 77 o w, lat. 40 48 n. ! f.'ili, o . , c(i fii vv^re, and ^ ,rai llontc, and other artii of iiiiiabitaiits wa ; i y n,2K9 in 181 1. It h.im, and 269 n by 1 : w, lat. 54 5j N. Sunderland, f towi in H^nnplhire county the Connr<5ticut, lo ii6 WNW Uofton. Siindi, a province lies along the river render it ixtivmely f mountains are mines Thi! capital is of the >7.J5 »■■. lat. 4 50 s- Siindjhva/d, a leapr the capital of Medel trade is in tar, birch fiof1acc\ was built, and fa nous for H mniiutiKiinre of fine cotton cloth. It i» luted between the Burr.impooterand a branch of the Ganges, 15 ni .'•k Dacca. Sunk IJland, an ifland within the mouth of the Hnmber, 9 tn in circuit, leparuted from Yoikfliire by a chan.icl near % vc. broad. It produces gr^in, Wudd, and black rabbits. ^unulng^ a village in liciUaure, lituate sun on th(? Tliamps, am sv. Rcadinjj. It w.iH once an epifcopnl fee, and had nine bifhops in fiiccelfion, the laft of whom, lleriTiannus, rcinovcd the fee to S/'ifDury. Sunnin:; flill. a village in Berkniirj*, 6 ni .ssw Wnidfor. It is noted for its inedicin.il welN, which are efficacious in pirdytlc calei. iaiip.rior, l.ahe, a I ikp of N America, fu Citlli'd from its Ivinjj the larj^eft on th.1t ct>ntiiient. It is above 1500 m in circuit, and fuppofed to be the lar^efh body of Iredi water on the globe It contains m;iny illinds ; tw;) of them I.Ufre, efpecially Ifle lloyale, which is 70 m long and ?o broad. Upward of 30 rivers enter this l;ilte, fome of whicli are of coididtrubie fize; and its water i,i more pure and p.-llucid than that of any othrr lake m tl,c world. It aboundi wiih filhcs pirticula: ly trout and ftur- geon. Storms ate more dreadful her* than on the ocean. It difchnrges its water fin-n thi* sr corner, thnnigh the (trait wf St. Mary, into L.ike Huron ; but the qn intity does not appe ir fo be one tenth part of what is conveyed iiit(j it I y the rivets. Sub'tno, a town of Ntples, in the couniy of Molilc. with a caft'e; flated at the fource of the Tamara, 17 m n bf w Bfueveiito. Sur, or Sour, a town or Syria, in Pa- leftine, on the coaft of the -Vlediterra- iie;in, where Hood the fimous city of Tyre, delfroyed by Alexander the great. It is n iw no m.)re than a vilUge, liiu ite on a peniiifuia wliich projedfa from the ihore inio the fea, in the form of a mal- let with an oval head. Tlie p >int to the N is occupied by a balin, which was a port evidently formed by art, and the entrance defrndcd by tvvu towers ; but it is r.ow f ) chokt d up, that children pais it without danger. Further on in the fea, to the n w of the point, is n ridge of rocks nearly level with the water, the fp ice between which and the main- Ian(i in front forms a Ibrt of road, where vrfTtls may anchor with rather more I'lfety than at S.iida. 1'he village con- iills of about lixty families, who live obfcurely on the produce of their little grounds, and a tntling tithe^y. It is 18 m .ssw Siida, and 6j sw Dama.'cus. Sura, a town of Sweden, in Well- manland, 1 5 in N Stroemlholm. Huratt a city of Hindooftan, in Guze- rat, with a ftmng citadel. The liijuarej are iarge, and the ftrcets fpaciouti, but not paved, fo that the dull is trouble- Ibme. Kach ttnet has gates of its own, with which it is fliut up in times el tur- 3 Y k I'm \^A^ ft I SUR bulcnce. The larger hoiifci are Hat ryofcil, with courts before them ; and lliofc of tli<' common people are hij^h roofeil. Il is laid to h.^.ve 310,000 in- habitant!) ; and its trade is coiiliderabit;, iiotvvithftandiiig tin' iiuiil-banks that obdrnit the entrance of tin- Tapty, which canfcs lari;c vtirtls to load and unload at Svvally, 15 m to the W tjf Surat. Here are many dilTcicnt reli- gions; Moiiainfdans of li vi rul feclH, many forts of Gciitoos, ami Jc\v;t and Clirillian.'* of various dcnoiniiuition!'. The Mohaaicdaiis at Surat arc not, by fari fo flriift as they are in Arabia, or in other Turkilh countries; nor are the diftindtions of tribes among the Hindoos who ref;de here ftridtly obterved. Thtfc Hindoos arc a fet oi induftriuns Ibbor people, and of a m(»ft furprMing honefty. They are almoft all of the calt of the Banians ; and hince their ikill and dex- terity in -matters of calculation and economy often raife them lo places of CDuiidcrable truft. Some of them are viMy rich, but all livs in a ftyle of mo- derate fimplicity, wealing for drefs only a plain rob« of white cotion. All peo- ple of diftlndion in Surat, and through the relt of India, fpeak and write the iVrlian language i but in trade, corrupt Portugucfe is tlic language uftd- This city is the emporium of the moft pre- cious produdlions of Hindoollan ; for hither arc brought from the interior parts an immenle quantity of goods, which the merchants cirry in their (liips to the Red fea, the Perlian gulf, the coafts of Malaluv and ("oromandel, and even to China. The Eriglifh engrofs almoft the whole of the trade in this city ; tnat of the Dutch, French, and Fortuguele having: become trifling. One thing lingular in Surat is, that, though there ib no hofpital for human beings, there is an cxtcniivc eftabiilhment of this nature for licit or maimed animals. When the Europeans turn out an old horfe, or any other domeltic animal to perifli, as ufelelij, tlie Hindoos volunta- rily allume the care of it, and place it iu this houfe, which is full of intirm de- crepit cows, fheep, rabbits, hens, pi- geons, &c. The country round Surat is fertile; except toward the liM, where it is fandy and barren. Before tiie Englifh E lndi.> Company obtained pof- feflion of Bombay, the prelidcncy of their affairs on the coaft of Malabar was at Surat ; and ihey had a fatitoi-y here, aftei* the prelidcncy was transfened to Bombay. The great mogul had then an admiral herc> who received a reve- nue called the tanka j but his tyranny %V R toirard thr mercliants induced the E India Company, in i7.';9> to fit out iin armament, which dilpullllled the admi. ral of the callle; and, l()on after, the poirifTion of this caftle was confirmed to them by the court of Delhi, and they were conftiluted receivers of the tanka, by which their authority in tliiv place became fuprerne- Surat is lituate zo m up the river Tapty. and 147 n Bombay. Lon. 72 4!] fc, lat. 21 mm. Siirgooja, a town of Hindooftaii, a. pital ot a circar of the lame name, in the countiy of Orifla. It is 75 m ni Ruttuupour, and 210 ssw Patna. Lon. 83 32 E, lat. 2.^ 6 N. Surgut, a town of Siberia, in the go- vernment of Tobolfk, liiriouncieil by palilades, and leated on the Oby, ;h5 m NNE Tobolik. Lou. 73 30 E, I.11.61 30 N. Surinam, a country of Guayana, ex- tending 75 m along a riv r of the iiune name, which enters the Atlantic in lat. 6 6 s, and on its w il.v.re is a fort to de- fend the entrance. The country aboundi with game, and fingular animals of dif. ferent kinds ; the toad, in particular, being remarkable for its cnoimous fize and ugly form. It produces fruit, iri- dic ■», liigar, cotton, tobacco, gums, and wood for dying. The woods arc full of monkeys, and it is faid there .ire I'er- pents 30 feet long. This country wai ceded by the Knglifh to the Dutch, for the province of New York, in ifn- It was taken by the Englilli in i;y9, and again in 1804. The capital is I'aiirr.a- ribo. Suringia, a feaport of Japan, in the ifland of Niphon, capital of a provinc; of the fame name, with a caftle, where 1'..; emperors formerly relided. It is 170 m E Meaoo. Lon. 139 5 e, lat. 39 30 N. Surri/, a cotmty of England, bounded on the N by Middlefex, e by Kent, shy Suflcx, and w by Hamplhiie and Berk* (hire. It is 37 m long and 27 broad, containinuj 519,040 acres; is dividtd into 14 hundreds, and 140 pariflics; has II market-town:-, ineluiliiig Sontli. wark ; and lends 14 membcvs to par- liament. The edge of the county on all lides has r. .--.h foil, extremely fruit- ful in corn a:.d grals, pa'liculirly on the N and w toward the 'lliiir.cs; but in the interior part are vvii!i Uiids of fandy t;i nmd and barren he.itli, and in fume places lung ridges of hilli;. It pro* duces c<''.iu, box-wood, waliu'ts, hopj) and ♦uilers-eai'lh. The principal riven j b'fide the Thames (which is the bounf wary of thia county on the ^) arc the S ITS Mol*-, Wey, and Wniulle. The fpring jdizi's are held at Kingfton, and the liimmcr at GuildFord or Croydon .ilter- Surfitf, .1 town of Swifferland, in the canton of Liicfrn, on the river Siir, near the l.ikt-" of Scnipach, it m Kw l.ucern. Siis, or Siifa, ;i kiii^rdom or province of ill!.' ctnpirc of Morocco ; bounded on the w by the A'laiiiic, N by Morocco I proper, b by Tafiiet, and s by Darah. Iti ,1 Hat country, abounding in corn, fiii;arc.«iic8, and dates. Theinhahit.uUs, uh) are chiefly Berebers, or ancitnr na- t w , art' diltingu idled by their indiiflry ; a:(' many of them, who live in towns, bcomc opulent, and are -nuch more polite than the natives of Fez and Mo- rocco. In t^le mountainous p:irt they Lrf entirely free, and are governed by llhijir own chiefs. Tlie principal town lijTarudnnt. Sus, a river of Morocco, which rifes lid the Atlas, flows through the king- \im of Sus, and enters the Atlantic jo Inu St. Cru7. Its annual inundations |c;iricli tii'J country. Siifa, oY Sou/at a feaport of Tunis, lanJ the chi'-f mart of the kinndom for Iclivcoil and linen. Many articles from ICairoan are a!fo exported hence. Here Ijri'maiiy tokens of it having been for- jmcrly a place of fome repute ; and near it are coniiderable remains of ancient [buildings. It ilandi on the e co.ift, 8^ 13 by E Tunis. Lon. lo 35 e, lat. 55 Sufa^ a town of Piedmont, with a faciei, lately llrong but now dll'man- Jn«d. Here are four parifh churches, ivcral religious hou/es, and a tiiumphal Vch to the honout of Augufhis Cefar. It is (i'ated on the Doriu, at the foot of jlicAlps, and is the Principal paflago Jilt of France into Italy. It w,is taken by the French in 1704, retaken by prince Eugene in 1707, and again taken [y the French in 1799. It is 13 m WN w Turin. Lon. 7 16 R, lat. 45 10 n. %;W, a town of Ruflia, in the go- lermnent of Volodirnir, and a billiop's |fe. It is built of wood, and festec! on IlieNi'rl, 90 ni ne Mofcow. Lon. 40 |5^, lit. i.G 26 a. Sufque/tana, a river of the United I'^lcs, which has its k fource from the pe Otfego. It cro/Tea three times the (lie that divides the ftale of New York [om Pennfylvania, and then receives ""-Tioga at Lockarifburg ; after which 1 flows SE to Wiikefbarre, and then sw JSuahury, where it meets the w branch the Sufqiifhana. It afterward re- vives the Juniata from the w, and then SUT flows by Harrifbnr^ to Havre dc Grate, where it enters the head of Chefapeak bay. About ac m from its mouth, which is a mile broad, the navigation is obdruiflcd by (bme fulls. Sujjac, a town of France, in the de* partment of Upper Vienne, 15 m ss Limoges. Sii£ex, a county of England, bounded on tt»c N by Surry, n e and k by Kcnt> s by the Enplilh chatiud, and w by Hamplhire. It is 70 m long and 28 where broadert, containing 9,^5,040 acres; is di- vided into fiverapes, and 3 1 ,.^ parities, hal one city and 16 markettovvns, and fends 18 members to purli.iment. The numbed of inhabitants was 159,311 in iPoi, and iyo,o8.^ in 181 1. The foil is various: that of the downs, and thence to the fea, is fertile in corn and grafs, the lat- ter feeding flieep whofe wool is remark- ably line ; the middle abounds with meadow.5 and rich arable ground ; and the N fule is fhaded with extenfive woods, that ufed to fupply fuel for the irun-works when they were in a Hourilh- ing Hate. The chief commodities ari corn, malt, cattle, wool, wood, iron, chalk, and giafs; and it i,-; famous fur whcatears, which are taken in great numbers on the sk ilmns. SufTex is not diftinguifhcd for any inanufadtnre, but that of gunpowder at Battel, and of needles ;it Chichefter. 1 he principal rivers are the Aruii, Adur, Oule, and Rother. Chichefter is the capital; but the fpring aflizes are held at Hurfham, and the liimmer at L'jwta. Sujler\ kcTofter. Stijitren, a town of Franrif, in the de- partment of Roer, l.Ttely of Germany, in the duchy ( f Juliers, 2 m from the river Meufe, and 10 s Ruremonde- Sutera, a town of Sicily, in Val di Mazara, 48 m ssf, P.iiermo. Sutherland/hire, a northern Cinnity of Scotland, 52 m long and 50 broad; bounded on the n by the North lea, e by Caithncfs, and the German cc an, s by the frith of Dornoch and Rofsfhire, and w by the Minch. It is divided into 13 parilhes, and fends a member to parliament- The number of inhabitants was Z3,ii7 in 1801, and 23,629 in i8ii. Some parts of this county, called forefta, are tr^cklefs deferts, deftitute of trees ; or bk'ak mountains, abounding with wild roc3. In thefe parts there are few inhabitants, and no village's ; but along the frith of Dornoch, the country is populous and well cultivated. It has abundance of ironftone, limeftone, and flate ; alfo many veins of lead ore. Doi'noch is the county-town. r ' : A rim SWA 5/^rr/, a town of Ifalf, in thr pMtri- nioiiy of St i'etrr, ft-aii-d on the Fyi* Tulo, 21 m Nw Home. Sutton, a town ot MaflTathiirtt^, in Wnrcclter county, lo in s ly k Wor» C'ftiT, and 46 wfw Boflon. button i'oirfieH, acoiporate tounin Warvvickdiirc, with a market on Mon- i.n drrahk pepper manufa»5lurc, a4 in w Mans. Sivajfliam, a town in N'rfollc, willi a market on Saturday. Tin- churcli is b indfome, and in tlie,form of 3 c llic- t'r.d. It is fe.UcJ dn .1 hill, :a m w Norwich, and qy ua Lotuion. Swa'r, a rivir in Yoikdiire, which riCt's on the coiifiiirh ot Wcftmoihitnl, flows E hy Richinonil and then .«k to it» iinu'tion wilh ihf Ure, .t httle hclow Aidhorouph. where their unilrd llreain forms tlif Oafe Suvil/y, a town of lliudooftan, in (Ju/.tTat, with a haibour, where Ihips nceive and delivi r thvir cnrjjoes tor tlie n.ercii.ihts ol' Siir.it. It is fcatcd near tlie gulf t)f Camb'iy, 15 m w Sural. Lon. 7Z ?.? y, I.Jt. ;i 10 N'. Swiiin,t/l, a dllij^re in tlie county of T)uiham, leaicd on the Dirvvt-nt, nc.ir its jnn»Slion with the I ync, i^ m vvnw Snt:der!aiid. Here are famous iron- works, ori^'inaUy eftahlini. d by a black- fmith, about the ye.ir 1691. Snvonnijc', a vilhigt; in Dorl'ttniire, feated on .h bay of the fime n inic, in the .'inglifli chanin-l, 4 m fcs£ C'.'rlc Caftle. it haK a tr!''f.' in htrriii."- 'o (j-.tatrice tf li'ic ltoi.«', ot wiiir. . !), y ihoufatid t(.. 8 are liiipped annu.;.;/. iite Pur- k.ck, Jjk of. Siva>iporoti-h. a town of N Carolina, rhiel DfOiinow county, to the kb of Wilmington. Sioaujcomb. .t viHs^e in Keit, 2 m w l)y % Ciravcfi iid. IK re are the rcmiinh of camps iiiid forts ; ;ind it is faid to be the pLicc wheie the K(.ntiflimen obtain- ed of William 1 the grant of their an- citnt franchifei S'wanjea, a town of M iHl^chiifcts, in Briltol county, on the rivtr Taunton, 10 ni sw Taunton. Switftjira. a ii';iport and boroujih of Wales in Glanunganlbirc, j,'Ovvrrr.ve, ^uh a niaiket on Widnet- d '/ and Saturday, an old cafile, and two chnrciies. Co.il, iron, and litncftone abonud in tlie nei^'libourhood, of which feat qr.in i^ies are cxpnritd. It lias a conlluu. bic tiade to liiifiol, and |reat S WR wnrki for the fpi^ltinj; of eo^>pfr tnj lead ovc i»iat y 'iiip« l.;'.r ' "en built hcre,a.id it i»rf loi^til to forfc* bathit,„_ The niinit)cr f n *i ' M'.i.na wai ^4:11," 1801, aiid Hioo ir iflii. I' ill i^.^tf^^ near the mouth of ihe V. wy, 32 m ^^ Brecknock, ^nM *c',. w London. Lon. ^ c6 '" ' >t 31 3; N'. StMunJhals, a Iowa 01 Sweden, in \f Gothland, 25 m W6w Lindkoping. Srwa'iton, a town of V* rmont, 1„ Franklin county, fituatt^ on the .Mifiii. mu, near its entrance into the n panifl r..ike Champlain, jo m m by k Bur- liii>;lon. Swnrteberf;, a town of Sweden, iti W tJothland, 18 m N\*' Uddcvalli. Swartjluyj, a town and fortrtfs ufl Holland, in Ovir>nil, leated on ihjl Veclif, 4 m from ita mouth, aiiJ8.i Zwoll. SwrJfit, a Itingtiom of Europe, »v| t' nilin({ I loom from n to s, ami 6.;l from K to w ; bounded on the .v L.f Daiiiili Lapland, k by KufTi.i, sbytltl ).Milf of Finland and the B.iltic, jiid wf by theSound, the C'atejJtai, ,md NorwaJ It is divided into five y;*'"er,il pjr: Sweden Prop-'r, Gothland, Nordlaiidl L.ipland. ai:.; I'inlaiid; and f,uh ofl thele is lubdik- '\'d into provinces h(.\ den Prcpcr contains Upland, Suderan-I nia, Ncricia, Weftmania, and D:ilecarj lia. Gothland contains K GoiliLmd Smoljnd, W Gothland, Wermchm'J Uahiis, Dalii, Schoncn, Ilallanii, BIcl;] iiHicn, ami the iflcs of Gotlilaiul auJ Ocli^nd. '^'lordland includes CJclliidaJ Ilellingia, Mcdclpadia, J<.-mptia, AnjirJ mania, and \V Bothnia. Sweciilli Lap] L.id coniprir, s Uma, Pitha, Lula, Tw'l nca, and Kiiai ; ihcfi diflrids have r,q towns in the interior patts, and UliJ their nanacs from rivers that rill' neaj the borders of Norway ar.d [lowiiitJ the gulf of Bothnia. Finland conLiini Finland Prope.. E Bothnia, Tavadcl; Nyland. SaTol.ix, and part of KyniecJ atid Carelia. ^m' I inlmid- Ttiewh.iil country is well watered by rivtii (though not a fi;;gie navigable cn| woith mentioning) numerous ULeuM inland pieces fif water, on thebaab which the palaces and vi'las are iiMl built. At Stockholm, fpring and :ii| lumn are fcarcely to bf perceived; i^ winter continues nine months ;»iidlii» iner dming the remaining ttine. winter the cold is exceflive, and in I'm mer the heat is confiderable, tht'airti ing ft rene all that time. All tlie roc| are quite covered with flo<^'t.? in t^ fummer time, and the gartlciis lui plenty of fi uiti. Th« tmca ^;c wrlyf MiflToming. the foi pinreous; but the ^ ^ .! ulte \% in j'lur.uici. The a beeves, hogs, goati deer, be.ira, wolve tnd fquirreU. Th and feeble ; but a horfr ia (eldom to t tribiited. ill a cert. m.inner of ftabling boirds without litte lorti of fowl*; and cocks, and falcons, has ricli copper an vift forefts of timfn elesof export are b jfather, iron,copp»'r pitch, refin, and nu ciirn, brandy, wine, tobacco, fugar, f;jict Swedes are of a r -bu able to futtain the ha are more polilhed t have feveral public Ic • here the arts and (( Their honfes ate g with very little a; t in a id the roofs, in ma with turf, on whicli feed. TheSwtdi'hii the accedion of Gi fleftivc monarchy. Calmar, in 1397, it the fsinu monarch Denmark, Swedm, hence Sweden bt?cam kinj(dom to Denmar ofliihjtdion It was rt Villa, on whom tht conterred the lo\erei}: crown hereditary in waientrufttd wiih g ami thele were augm^ Adolphus, the ri^iit exieiuied, at the U female line. In thq piilpting, jvt the lamr^ ■■> '.iv ,..'e.ogative. ^!-own t.i h-r coidbrti «'■« re.r^jd, the Swi k^i siiou iimitcd oiJ #.^ S WE M iiroming. the foil Ixjinr f; t ind ful- piiireouD; hut Hie fruili !iM a uKo \% in the more fuutiicrii . .r..ii.j. The amm.iU aie horlVs, bcrveii, ho^i, goats, Ihei-p, elks, raiii- dfer, be.irs, wolves, toXf», wil I cat«, jml fquirtrU. The h»><-rcs aic iini!l and feeble; but a lame f fncc ffi.>u bting fxieiided, at the fame time, to the female line. In t\w minority of his daughter ChrilVtna, tlit rejjal powers * te greatly circnmlcribeo, and the nobles acquired iLch an exorbitant auihoiity, as gave great umbrage to the cifrgy, citizens, and peafaiits. This proved a favorable opportunity tor Cinrlts XI to obtain from the Hates a fo/mal ceffion of abfolute li)ve*rci>;nty, which quietly dcvojvt'd up' u his ion Charles X 11. On ihcde. Iv f coiifort I'Vcileiic i. From tl i« Mr'jd, the Swediili monarch was tMC -aiuu iiinitcd one tu llurope> till s w r lyya, xfh n Guftavus iii eiro(H«"d t re- voluiioii, b> wnich he rcg^^ined the molt etFeiitial r ,79 . leaving hi- fon C'liltrtV'ii Aduiplius 4 minor, wnu att.uiied hiri majority in ijijc. Aiiuther rcvulurioii tool place in iHo^; the king and his family were dep)fed, ht» iinelc Charles raifed to the throne, and the piivemineiit declared to be monarchic*! and hereditary, with liinitaiu)ii to the niu'e id'iii', and t)ii failure the diet to choiife a fiiccefl'ir. i'he ai8 by high m.nmtams, called the Alps. ^Jwil^erialld wt-^ divi(i«»d uiio I j uaatous, ckt^lutavc uf ibeir aUies /f I ' ill , <>•■. '■!! %j m^. \' i- g^U f^p: i'MBJ ^Hb'i ■ !l K I. SWI and bailiwici; i)an riy, Lnctrn, UrK Schweitz, Underw.ildrn, Zuk, Friburp, Soleurc, Zurich, Bern, Bald, ScltafT- haufen, Glarus, and Appenzel The firll leven are catholics, the next four are Calviniftn, and the other two contain both religionn. SwifTfiland has four SafTiges over the Alps into Italy ; tho rft ii beyond the like of Gfneva, over Mount Cennis, wliich leads to Savoy; the frcond begins in the country of the Grifons, crofles Mount St. Bernard, and leads to the vallty of Aoufta in Pied- mont ; the third bejzins in the country of the Grifons, crofTes Mount Simplon, and leads to the duchy of Milan ; the fourth crofTes Mount ^t. Gothard, and the baili wicR of Italy, to the fame duchy. The principal lakes are thofeofCon- ftance, Geneva, Lucern, Zurich, and Neuchatel. The moft conliderable ri- vers are the Rhine, Rhone, Aar, Arve, Reufi?, and Limmat. Swiirerland ex- ceeds every country in the world in diverfity of appearance : the vail chain of Alps with cnormouR precipices, ex- tenfive regions of perpetual fnow, and glaciers that rtfcmhie leas of ice, are controlled by the vineyard and culti- vated field, the richly wooded brow, and the verdant valley with its cryftal ftream. Agriculture cannot of courfe be carried to^reat extent, hut the grain produced .« ''cicnt for domcUic con- futnption. i ne chief rich' confift of excellent paftures, in which many cattle ;ire bred, and the goats and chamois feed on i\ „ mountains and in the woods. The men arc all ftrong and robuft, for which reafon they are preferred by fe- veral nations for the military fervice. Thi women are tolerably handfome, bavc many good qualities, and are in general very ir.dnftrious- The pealaiits retain their old manner of drefs, and arc content to live upon milk, butter, and chcefe , and there are fome of the moun- baiiieers who nevtr have any bread. In JC707, the partizans of France having arciicd difputes and dillurbances in SwifKrland, the French entered the countiy, and, after defeating the troops and p> fants, who oppoled them, in fevcraf V^attles, they abolifhed the con- ftitutions of the principal cantons, eredtod what was termed the Helvetic Republic, and vetted the government in two councils and a diredVory. This cpoftitution was abolifbed, in iSoa, by the fiift conful of France, and another was prefcnted for their acceptance, but rejected ; and he f ifrred thenj a new one, if» 1801J, which they confV I itd to accept. ]^ the new coMAituiiooi ex- SYL clufivft of the rcpulilic of Valtis and tlic territory of Neuchatel, the country ii divided into 19 cantoni: the fix ikw ones are Pays de Vaud, Tcfin, Argun, Grilonx, St. Gall, and Thurgau ; of which the firfl two arc catholics, and th« other four contain both cUhnliu and proteftanti. Each canton has it$ diftiuifl internal government. In fcven of them, Schweitx, Appenzel, (il.iin,, Underwalden, Uri, Zug, iind Grifons, it is of the democratic kind; all tlii> male inhabitants above tweniy yearn df age having voices in the an'embly : iln; government of the other tw»lve is of the ariftocralic form, being adniinifterrdliy a great and little council. I'hr geni'm! government of the country i;. by a ciitr, compofed of a member from tach < vn. ton, which nll'tmbles annu-liy ;it i ri- burg, Bern, Soleure, Bafil, Ziiriih, 01 Lucern, in rotation ; and the prdidint is ftylcd Lanriamman of Swiflcrkirnl,-- See Schweitz. Swords, a borough of Irelaiul, in ih ■ county of Dublin. Near the chmcl) i, one of the molt perfe(5l of the ancient round towerii, 7.^ feet high. Jt is fituate near an inlet of the fea, 8 in n by t Dublin. Sya, a town of Sweden, in W Goth- land, 13 m sw Lindkoping. St/(/nei/, a town of New S Walej, founded by governor Philip, on .i cove of Port Jackfon, in jySS.'as a Britilh fettlement for the colony of convidls originally intended for Botany bay; and now is the principal feat of thi^' go- vemment. Here is a handlbme cliurch, a citadel, an orphan Ichool, n commo- dious gaol, a military holpitaUa nav,J yard, barracks, &c. The l)iii!diiiy;saK' of Itone, brick, and lath ai.d pLtftrr, weather-boarded ; and the houlif' an' durable. It is lituate on the s fule ot tko harbour of -Port Jackfon, 6 m Irom the ocean- Lon. 151 z^ e, lat. 33 41* s. Syene, or ^Ifunn, a town ot Egypt, with a iraall fort on the right bank of the Nile. It was anciently a city, and celebrated for the firft attempt to r.i- ccrtain the cii cu inference ot tic earth, by Kratoftcncs, ;i native Of i.'yicne, about the year 375 before Chriil. The remains of the ancient town are on an eminence to the .'=, where cohimn3.iml pillars of granite katttred here and there denote its fitualion- Ntar it, on a Imall iflajid in the Nile, ancientlycalled , EUphantina, is a temple of Ciuiphs very little injured. It is 40« m s Cairo, Lon. ^-5 20 E, lat 24 o N. ^>///, .'Jii illand of Denmark, on tlieff coaft of / 'land, of aii irrtguiar foiiu> Lon. I i-. 28 K, lat. s Y n ;il)OUt .i!.o m in circuit, but in no part ibove a from the lii. Great (pian- titics of oyilcrs arc ibiii.d hrrc. The cliipf town isMorluin. Lim 8 a6 r:, lat. Si/lvfs, a town of Portiipal, in Al- jjarva, on a river of the fun*' name, 15 m FNE L.igon, and 44 w T.ivira. Sum/>/iero/>ol, the capital of Crimea, or Ruinan provincp of TauriJa. The houfcH arc built of ftoiir, and roofed, in tiic ancient Greek iJyIe, with tiles. There arc likcwifc liandfome buildings for the rdidcncj; of the governor, judges and other civil officera. The old Tartar part of the town, called Achnietclif't, is dirty and ill built. The fnvirons are beautiful ; and a m to the E of the city is the mountain Tchalir- (lagh, the hiirheft in Crimea, and the Moms Bcrofus of the ancients. Sym- pheropol i» fituate on the Salgir, the principal river of the province, 65 m w hy B Caffa, and 90 s by e Precop. Lon. 340 H, lat' 44 52 ti. Sijracufe, a ftroiig feaport of Sicjiy, in Val di Noto, and a bifliop's Ice, with an excellent harbour, defended by a caftle. It was once the metropolis of all Sicily, but war, tyranny, and earth- quakes have reduced it to Icff than one fourth of its former iize, when it was deemed one of the inoft famous citits in thu world, and ao m in compafs. It contains many antiquities, and the tem- ple of Minerva, ereded 700 years u.c. is now the cathedral, litre is a coral filhery, and a powder maniifadturc; and a trade in iair, nitre, failed tun- ny, hemp, wine, and oil. Near this place, in 1718, was a leafight between the Spaniards and Englifh, in which the former were beaten- It is leated near the Tea, 82 m s by w Meflina. Lon. 13 a8 k, lat. 37 4 n'- Syria, or SunJlaUi a province of Turkey \n Afia, bounded on the n by Natoka and Diarhtck, e by the latter and the delcrts of Arabia, s by Arabi?- PetrjEa, and w by the Mediterranean, Under the general name of Syria was included the .incicnt Phoinicia, lying s of Syria Proper. Thisprovince abounds in oil, corn, and feveral Ibrts of fruit, as well as peas, beans, and all kinds of pulfe and gardenltulf; but it would produce much more if it were well cul- tivated; for there are the fineft valleys in the world, between mountains whole fides are proper for the cultivation of tobacco, olives, and vines. The inha- bitants have a trade in filk, camlets, and fait. Syria waa pofleflTed by a fuc- Wfljon of foreign nation*) bcs^'ore the TA B '■(lie of Ptolemy, when it became « province of the Roman onipm-. Fivr centuries alter, when the fons of Thco- dofuis dividid then immcnfe patrimony, this countiy w.iH annexed to the em- pire of Cotilbii:ifiople. In this fitua- tion it continued till the year 6a», when the Arabian tril •», under the batmen of Mohamed, Ian! it waftc. Since that perind, lorn by llie civil wars of the Fitcmites .ind Onimiadcs, wiefted from • he califFs by their rebellious i^overnorp, t.iken horn them by the Turkmen foU dicrs, invided by tho Kumpean cru- fKlcrt, retaken by the mainlukcs of Egypt, and ravaged by Tamcrl.me and his I'artars, it fell, at length, into the hands of the Ottoman Turks, who have been Us mailers near* three ctMituries. it is divided into five pachalicc, or go- vernments; Aleppo, Tripoli, Damas- cus, Acre, and Paleltine. Aleppo is the capital. Syriam, a feaport of Pegu, at the head of a river of the fame name, op. pofite the mouth of Pegu river. Two m to the s i» the great pagoda of Sy- riam.» It is 8 in e by n F^agoon, and 60s Pegu Lon. 96 17 K, (at. 1650N. Szadtck, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Siradia, 21 m ne Sir.idiai Szefred ; li-e Zf^tdin. Szekeiy, a town of Hungary, 18 m ESK Debrec7,en. Szereci ; ii;e Sered. Szucca, a town of W PriifTia, in the palatinate of Culm, fealed on the Vif- tula, li m s by w Culm. T. Tiiaif, a tovvn of Arabia, in the pro- vince of Hedjasv with a conliderabic trade in fruits, raifins, and almonds, it is fiiuate on a lofty mountain, 60 m se Mecca. J.on. 41 35 e, lat. 21 5 w. Taas, a city of Arabia, in Yemen, with a foilrefs. Here is the tomb of a faint, who, accortliuK to tradition, was king of the country, it (lands at the fool of a fertile hill, 48 m unh Mocha. Lon. 44 10 E, lat. 13 45 s. Taata, a town of Upper Ejcypt. a mile from the Nile. It is the lelideiice of a g;)vcrni)r, has many curious re- mains of antiquity, and is 200 m s Cai- ro. Lon. 3 r 25 K, lat. 26 56 n. Tahacoy or TabogH, an illand in the bay of Panama, 4 m long and 3 broad. It is woody, and abounds with n-uit- trees. Lon. 79 24 v.', lat. 8 48 s. Tabarca, an illand on the ca*ft a? B". i^ TAB nirH«ry, at ihr m<.iith of the 7«inf. It Wd» fnrtifiid, mijci had a popiiloni ti'y of tl r lame nain*', whni iiiwlir lie di>mi>il(in of ttir C*« norfr, W'lin lud tr.iiintcr li.c ifl.ii>d to Fr.ipcrt th*- 'l\th<«r« .in« (ui- r«'iidf ird til* ir di y to Tiini* { i«iio ni ssw Derbiiid, and 90 N nw Scha- machi. 'J'nhtri^, a town of Swede n, in Sino- lard, noted fi.r rich inintb of iron, 10 in « Jorkoping. Tahle Ijiord, one of the New We- biide», in the'racific ocean. Lon. 167 J t, lit. 15 38 s. 'J'aboo- a town of Caffina, the cipital of a country lying tf» the t of i'^ahara. It is 180 m N by w Agadis. l-on. la 10 F, lat- 24 o N. Ttd«r, a town of lioherr^ia, in the eirclf of Hr-chin, which the HrflTiies, n dtr their ctflcbrnied general 7Ji"oa, for;ifit'«l aid nmdf their principal rc- treit. If is feated on a mountain of Die fame name, by tht rivctLiifchnitz, JI ID NNE liLchio. TAC Tuhrixt or Tiiuri*, 4 tityof Pfifii, capital of Atltibij.in. The iivii„i Sp'n|;s h.iviiin Ihtii diAto'/id l,^ e..itl.(jual(ii. ill 1724, it UM» ii'iiibly (liakni by oiif, ami iicaily ioc,oco pvi. f n" perilhcd. Soon aft' r ll iti the Tiirki laid til KC tu it, and tie y were khtn^ itw, y vMih yitit lofti , bill i!)< y toult k the next ye.ir afur a bloody coiitclt. Other caillqn..4, prince Abb. N. Taii-f, a town of .^rabiaDc^crta. with T the produce of RijIu i by water broad, and ibmc of them abovi' a m from Rift ot ; carries (ui ;i ci)nlu!cratlc long: they are covered ft vcn months in tr;it!c with CK)nfbintinop'e and the Ar- the year with awtiin^'S to defend them cliipi! if;o, pavtieul.iily iii com atid but- from the heat of the fun. The harbour i» ter ; iiiid is employed in fliip-buikling. flielttred from every wind. It is leateil The Calmucs have large kit lements in on the w tide of the illand. Lon. 120 its vicinity. It is 36 m w by N Ualtuf. 30 t, lat. ■23 :j n. Lnn. 4: 6 f , lat. 47 10 N . 'Jni-;irr^^, a city of China, of the fiift 'l\^li»ton, a borough of Ireland, in ran!:, in tl;e province oi" Kiang nan. It Ihtcouiiiy ul'\Vu\luid;7 m w V/tAfoid. is fr-tcd on the Kian-ku, 25 tw ssw % It T A L I>nn. 119 15 ■» Int. s« 'I 'lVi-phtf(, .1 cify of China, of the ftrft nnk.ia tin- province nfQuip^'.fl. It \% {^A^■t\ (Ml a poitit of l.kiid, .itit\()lt fin loMoJid by 11 river, j,fin m w by » Caii- tOri. Lou. 1070 •■. Ii''t. 2&»^6n. Till t( him. a tity of China, of the flrflr.'nk, in tli»'jjr>>viii«'« of 'IV>iC'ki.iiijr> Tt is i-.itdl on lU I) ink of .1 rivrr, in a m(>iin».uiion.H comary, 720 m Mr, Pt- kifiir. I.ou. iji : .1.1. 1855 w. Ttii-tnti;(, ,1 ItroiiK ci»y of Chin*, of the fitH liinl:, in tlii' province ot*Ch;in- n. It lit li.ttni nc w liir gn'mt will, in a mountain, iiiH country, 1 S5 m w PcLing. Lon- 11^ o H, lat. 40 5 n. Ttiiyiun% n city of China, capital of 1I1C province ol Cltaii-n. ft \h 9 nt in rii'ciiit, but nnu h decayed llnco it wax the rtfiJcnci' tif" (he piincos of the l;«(l impt'ri.nl family of Tai-ming-tchao It is 2J0 in sw i'cking. Lun. 11 1 56 t, lat. \7 54 w. Talocnduy a town of llindooftan, in My fore,' on the v bank of the C'avery. It lia,< a celebrated ttmpU", imd the tops of (omc others are to hr leen be- tween the town and the river, which for inany years have been overwhelmed by fand-hilli. It i« .24 m 1 sB Myforr. Talnvtroy a town of Spain, in New Cafll'o, with a fort, manufa«Jturcs of nik, and a pottery. It is (eatcd on the Tajo, in a valley abounding in com, fruit, and excellent wim, 5« rn sw Ma- drid. I.oti. 4 I w, lat. J9 41 N. Talai',h the river Brirfc, A tn «"iw Lifmorc, and aft n»r C«»rk. 'I'ti/loHf), .1 feapoit «)f Corflra, on \ht gulf uf Taiiario, 14 m knw Honiheio, .ind .^o S)»w Coitc. l.on. y 18 k, \.\i 51 to M. TnlltiJ, .1 town cF FratK ■ . in flip il'p.irtnunt of Upi •( A!p«, kalfd on the Duiaitcc, JO m •> ''Lip. Talmotit, a town of Francei in t^^' department li!' I.owrr l.harentc, wiih 1 harbour near the mouth of iheOiromlt, so ni f*w Saintei. 'I'utttalantfcn, a town of T' , .irirm.% in the government of at- Ma th.t, f-atid on thi M.id.dena, 140 m x St. MaitiM, Lon. ;4 15 w, lat. 9 6 n. Taman, a town of Uulli 1, In the pro. vince of t'au'-afi.t, with a larff fort, dm the s !^de '.fa b.>y of the Hlack (ea, .tiid on the fitc of «he city of Phnnagori,ol which fomc extcnfive ruiuH yet retrain The town Uands a mile w of ihc fd ', ne.ir the entrance of the bay, from ln< (trait that leads into the f<"a of ACopli, .Old 10 m » by V. Ycnikale, in Crimea. Lon. ^f) 34 f, lat. 45 ^ N. 'J'anmHt Strait of, the ancient Cim. merian Hofphorua, a channel that forms the communication between the Bl.ick lira and the fea ot Afoph, imd a ftpau- tion between Kurope and Alia. The Bay ot Taman extendi k from the Strait. Tanianaht a town of Hindoodan, in Concan, at the mouth of a river, 24 m 8 by K Oheriah. iamr.rt a river that riles in the n part of Cornwall, on the borders (of Devon- fliire, takes a foulheiiy courfe, li-p.ira- ting the two coiuilic.'i, and forms the harbotu" of Hamoaze, at Plymouth. Trtmarn, the capital of the illand of Socot«'ra, with a good harbour. Tlif trade confirts chiiHy in aloes, (Vinkin- cenfe, ambergrile, and dragonfblood. It is feated on a bay, on the m coail^. Lon. 53 45 B, lat. n 56 N. Tamarachery, a town of Hindooll^n, in Malabar, 17 m ne Calicut. Tamarica, a province of Bralil, be- tween Paraibo on the n, and Ftrnam- I'uco on the s. On the coaft it isotiiyv , 2 m in extent, but .above j 20 in the in- terior of the country. A rich iflandof the fame name, 10 m long avid 2 broad, lies near the continent, and forms the principal part of the government- It contains the capital, filuate on an emi- nence, which has two forts and a good harbour. Lon. 35 6 w, lat: 8 o «. Tamatavef a port on the e coaft of Madngafcar, defended by a fort. It 'n if C'nrflrii, on {ht 1 SNW Hoilif.li-io, N, and Ftrnam- TAN Ihr principal h.irhour in tlit inuwl vlHt- fij by the Kiirtipcuni. In iKii,bc T/n.i, which Howl Into the Mokfchj. atU f\\ IK Mulcow. Lun 41 4 K, lat. 5} 4« N. Tnmtt a river that rllcB in StiHord* ihirv, and rntfring Warwicklhire, Hiiwa firA K.and thin n, till it re-ent«.ri itt nativj' county at Tamworth, Ijclow which it juina the Trent, 7 m aljuvc UiMton. 'l\tmt% a river and town \ (fv 'I'ltamt. Tamiai^uii, a town of New Sp.iin, in die province of Paniico, fituat'- on ii n«ck of i.ind, between the j^iilf of Mtx- ico niul an arm of the fk-i| called thi.' lake of Taraiagvn, 100 m ^ k Panuco. 'iamit/i, a tfjwii of llj.'ypt. on a c.iiial that commiiiiicatea with the Nile, \x m MK Favouno. Taiv/'i'-o, a town of New Spain, In the province of Panuco, fituatc ncirthe gulf of Moxioo, on a neck of land (orm- cd by the It-a and the lake of Tanii igua, 30 no t by 8 Panuco. Tamivortli, a borough in Stafford- ftiire, with a market on Saturday, and a manufadurc of narrow cl«»thii. The r. part cl the »owfi is in Warwickfliire. Tamworth eaftic is the foat of the earl of Lficefter It is ll-ated on the Tame, attlir itiriiix ot'tlif Anker, 8 m sk UcU- fiiKl, and 115 nw London. Tun,-iro,A ii cr that liles inPicdmontt flows by ChrriiieOjAlba, Afti, ,md Alex- andria, and joins the Po, b« Id.v Valen- 7.<\. It gives nanu- to a new department of Fiance, including p.ii t of I'ieilmoi.t, of which the chi< ttown is Alti. Tancos, a town of Portugal, in Eilre- madura, Icatcd on the Zerara, near its cr.nflux with the Tajo, iz m «sk Tomar. Tancroival, a town of Africa, (eatcd on the G;imbia, where the Engldh i.ivu a fort. Lon. u S/ w,l.it. 13 10 n. 'I'anda, or 'I'tinralu •"» town of Hln- dooftan, in Bengal, of which fiHibaii it was the c.ipiial in the lytli century. There is liltic lemainini; of it but the rampart i and the period when it was tlefeited is nut certainly known. It is leatedonthe Ganges, 1 :o m nw Dacca, lion. 87 56 K, lat. 33 25 N. Tanderagee, a town of Ireland, in the county of Armagh, with an extrnlivc linen manufadlure and a conlidcrable T AO tr.idi*. It (I iniN n««f thi* Newry canal, II m ii!<»: Armagh, And 13 un\w Newry. Tiintf/lit ated ut the c(Mi(liix 111 the Tanger with the I'^lbe. 14 Ml w.'iw Hi:'ndi'nb"ig TiififfiiT, a lt*.»pn the fli.iit of Gibraltar, 140 ni N by w Fez. I.on. $ 48 w, lat, 35 46 N. 'J'dnjore, a province of Ilindoonan, on tlie(Miift of C)romandel, 9^ m long and <;n brimd. It in ;iii append.ige of ihe Carnatic, but l\ibji(5t to i's own r.ijah, whop.iv** an amui il fiildidy to the Englirti V, liidi 1 C'iin;iany. lanjort, a city of lliniiooftan, capital of a province of the fame name. The palace is a granl fqu'iv, lurroiindc.l by a wall and a w( t diuli. It is ftaifd on a br;ineli of the Cavery, i_i;6 m •■ by \v Madras, md i6.'>si. Serinpapatain Lon. 79 1 J K, lat- 10 46 N. 'Ju/iiia, attuvii ;ind fortrtfs of Tibet, at the foot of .1 mi uiilain, 275 m w.sw Lad i. LiMi. 87 :z K, lat. 29 ■•, n. Tuuna, a fertile illand in the Pacific ocean, one of thr New Hebrides, on wliichisa volc,'.iu)a;id l'>mehot I'prings. The inhabitants are br.tve and hofpita- l)!c ; and their arms are btiws and ar- rows, flings, (pear.^, and clubs. It is u m long and 10 broad ; and was dif- covercd, in 1774, by Cook, who named the harbour where he hy, Port Refolu- tion, from the nam* of his fliip. Lon. 160 41 K, Kit. 19 32 s. J'aunat a town of Hindooftan, in the ide of Saifetie, on the K coiift, 1 r, n ne Uombay. Lon. 72 5^ u, lat. 19 13 N. Tanore, a feaport of Ilindooftan, In tie proviiut of Malabar, iH m ssr Ca- licut. Lon. 75 50 K, lat. 10 55 N. JVwo, the moftfuut hern of the Friend- •I V' 1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I "^l^ |Z5 ut iU |2.2 ^ Ufi 12.0 WJ& 1.25 1 ,.4 , ^ < 6" » V] % 7] f. /. Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 872-4503 Si % TAR • ly iflandii in the I'acific ocraa, about 10 leagues in circuit. 'J'aormhia, d town on the B coaft of Sicily, III Val di Dcm >iia, and on p.irt of the fite 1 1 LJie an ii'tu i'auromcnium, of which ionw. coilidcrable riiiii» ytt remain. It it a (liiMig inihtary pufitiun, t';jaic'd (in an cii>iueiict.- at the io>l of a high rock, and at th .- iicad ul a loc'iy l)iy, 3J rn s»w AJefliri^. L >n. 15 .^4 t, Jat. .374yN. Taos, a town of New Mexico, on a viv^r that euiciH the Rio del Nurte, tto m N St. Fe. Tameiave, a town on the s coad of Madagai'cai, and a Frtnch icttltPtcnt. It iurrendcred to the En^liili 10 liiii. Lon 49 40 kf lat. 1^59. Tajuka, A rmali iCaiul in the Ppcific oce ai, 6j i< a^uti n b oi Ouihettc* Luu. 14? 9 ^'1 l i'^ 30 t). t.'aJ>vor, a town of Hindooftan, in My lore, 15 m a.-.w Daiampjury, and 83 bSB Seriiigapat.im. Tappchan toe, a town of Virginia, •hiet ut i!,n't.-x county It h.is fume ex- pnrt tradi , and ftandb in a rich plain, on the sw bank uf the Uappahannuc, 54 m NE Richmond. Lon. 77 i»w, lat. 38 o N. fappan, a town of New York, in Otai ge county, 3 m from the v\ b.ink of the lliuliun, and at the s end of the t)road pa it of 11 called the Tup pan r«.'a. Ilert, in i7Ao» major Andre was tried and lufTered as a /py ; being taken on his way to New Yoik, after con- certing a pian with general Arnold ft>r deliviring up Weft Point to the tiriiilh. It i« 2 j in N New York. 'iappanotly, a ieaporf on the w fide nf Sumatra, (ituate on a fnnali ifl^ind called Punchongcachec'l. Tne hay is very deep, and capah -' >f containing the united navies ut ^luropc. The Eng- liih £ Indi a company have a factory here. It was tukeu by the French, but rL'ftored at the ptace la 1763. Lon. 98 6 E, lat. 1 40 N. ^ Tapty, .1 liver of Kindooftkn, which rifei ai Alaltoy, in the country oi" Berar, and runs inlo the gulr of Catiibay, 20 m below Surat. At its mouih, 8 m »» ofSwally, is Vaux Tomb, a tower 3 j feet high, erciited over the grave of an Englilh captain of tliac n.irr.c. It krves as a beacon to velfcls making tl»e road of Surat. Tar, or Pamlico, a river of N Caro- lina, which flows by Louifljurg, Tar- borough, Greenville, and W.tlhington, into Pamlico I'ouud, 40 m sn of the lat- ter town. TuragalUt ^ town ftf the kiagdom of TAR Darah, with a caftiti, feated on the Di' lah, 133 ra w by ■ 'i'ablct. Lon. 7 j; w, lat. 1^ 25 M. 'J artincou, a town of Spain, in New CadiA-, 40 m bb Mattrid. Taranfa, one of the Wcftern iflandi of Scotland, 4 m in leigth, and t where broadtft. Lon. ii 5s w, kt. Tarare, a town of France, in t he de- partment of llhone, at the foot uf a m< iiiitam, ao m www Lynn. Tarajcon, a town of France, in the dtpaittnent of Moiiilit of the Rhone, with a calt'e, featt d on Itie Khoue, op- puiiic beaucaiie, with which it com. municatcti by a brid((e of boato. It has a trade in oil, brandy, flarch, and lilk ftufis. It ia 10 m n Aries, and 14 s by > Nifmcs. Turajcon, a town of France, in the dtpatiii.ent oC Arriege, on the river ArrKge, 7 m ^ak Foix. 'J'aiaz, a city of Weftcrn Tartary, capit.'.l of Turki'ftan. It is feated on a rivtr, which Bows into the Sirr, 3jom N by E Samarcand. Lon. 66 30 t, lat. 44 20 N. Turay^na, a city of Spain, in Arap:on, anl iUnds in a plniii covcu-d with date trci •, 80 m knk L\,. Tarento, a fcjport of NapleH, in Terra d'Otranio, and an arcbbifliop'k fi-e. It is Pated on a pcninfula. and defended by a ftrung caitle ; but the harbour is become Ihallow, which haa hurt it» trade. It iH 55 m m^v Otranto, and i;o K by s Naples. Lon. i; 29 E, lat. 40 35 N- Tttrgat a town of tlie kingdom of Fez, on the Mediterranean, with a cat- tle on a rocI>, ^a m se Tan^jier. Tari/ii, a fortii...d ftapuii of Spaint in AndaiuHa. with a cadle. At the commencement of 181 a, a French army invedi-d this place, but the ganiloui confillin;; of Briiilh and Spnniirdv, compelled them to rrtreat. It i* ieaied on an cminenc, on the ftrait of Gibral- tar, 52 m SB Ctidiz. Lull. | 36 w, lat. 36 5 N. 'J'arija, a town of Tucumin, capital of a didrict, which abounds in pullures that feed a vaft piimbcr of cauk and iheep. It (lands un the St. Juan, 196 m NNF. St- Salvadur dc Jujui. Lon 64 • w, lat. 21. 40 s. Tarkut a town of Diighcllan, and^thc capital of a didri^l. It (lands in a nar- row glen, near (he Cafpian lea, 80 m KW Derbend, and 150 nc Teflis- Luu. 47 5 E, lat. 45 50 N. TarmOt a town of Peru, capital of a jurifdiction, which hat many mines of filver, and feeds abundance of cattle. It is a large town, with a lucrative trade in woollen cloth, and (ituate on the Chanchamayo, 1 10 m ene Lima. Lou. 75 17 w, lat. II 35 ». Tarny a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of Lauguedoc. It takes its name from a river, which rifes in the department of Lo/hcre, artd flows by Mithoud, Alby, TAR TVfrtf, • town of It.ily, \\\ tbo duchv of Parma, mar the Inoicc ot^ the river 'I'aro, 28 m iW Pirma Tarftnrl'if, a lown in Cheshire, wirl; a rn irit' t on I'Mpfday, and a maniitaCtura M\ liockings, Nc. 1 1 m K^K Cncller, and 178 Nw London. 'farraifona a r'ty of S'lain, in Ci- talonin, and an ari-libilhnp'-« lee, with 4 uu'verftty. It wi« vr y powerltil in the lime of the Ro>iiarii, and h.iN iiuiiy nnbte nioiiu:n>-nt8 of anii(|uity. It it lurruunded by wall«, '«tu1 has a fi v» baltions. It is not l«i p'>pulou4 m for- merly ; for thon^l) tlteie ih room for 'iooo houlcA Witt in the walls, there >• not above 61^0, wnich are all built >vilti large (qiarr ftoiies. The cathedral is noted for its valt ilimculion?, the ele- gance of itd Gotliic architecture, and a magniticeiit chapel built with rich marble and j.ifper. The ordinary ex- ports are wine and biandy; but its harbour is not much frequented. Thin city was taken by dorm in 181 1, by the French, who madacrcd the inhabit- ants an'.l burnt their houlcH. It is fcated on a hill, at the mouth of the Francoli, in the Mediterranean, 57 m W3w Bar- celona, and 26^ b by N Madrid. Luu. I 16 t, lat. 41 10 M. Tarrtga, a town of Spain, in Cata- lonia, lituate on a a ii II. Hy the riTcr Cervera, 33 m N by w Tarragona. Tarfus \ lee Terajft- 'iurtary, a country of Afia, which, taken in its utmoft limits, reaches from the eaftern ocean to the Calpian fea, and from Corea, China, Tibet, Hin- dooftan, and Perfia, t>> RulTia and Sibe- ria. It lies between 55 and 135 k lon. and between 35 and 55 n lat. being 3600 m in length and 960 in breadth ; but in the narrowed part not above 330 broad. It may be confiy, ?id lu n'oll parts above one broad, formed by levtral Itre.ims and the river Tiy. whicii I. id llowa thiouffh its whole length. The banks are finely wooded ; sncl near tlie n i x- tremii/is a fmali tufted inand, ou which are the ruiim of a priory, founded by Alexander I, and in it hiti 'lucen Sibillay natural daughter of Henry i of England, was interred. Tazoiujka'ui ; lee Ol/J'uua. Tcliung-tcha, a city of Ciiin.i, capital of the .s part of Hou-quang. It is feated on the river Heng, which has a coiuinu- nication with an extcidive lake, called Tong-ting-hou, 710 m s by w Peking. Lon. iia 25 u, lat ^a 11 n. Tchanjitcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in Eo-kien. It has a conli- derable trade witri I'imony, Pong-ho«, and Formola, and is 950 m s Peking. Lon. 117 35 K, lat. 24 32 N. Tchang-te, a city of China, of the firft rank, in Ilo-nan. It is remarkable for a fifli, like a crocodile, the fat of which - jf fuch a fuigular nature, that when once kindled it cannot be extinguiihed. Near it is a mountain, fo ftcep and in* acceinble, that in time of war it affords a fafe afyluin to the inhabitants. It it 855 "^ ssw Peking. Lon. in 5 e, lat. 29 2 N. Tchao kirit;, a city of China, of the firft rank, in Quang-tong, fcaled on tiie river Si, 70 m w Canton. Tchao-lchtou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in Qiian-tong, feated on tl)C Pei-kiang, fl6 m e Canton. Tche-kiang, a province of China, cnc of the moft confiderable in extent, riches, and population. It is bounded on the JT and w by Kiang-nan, sw by Kiang-fi, s by Fo-kien, and e by the ocean. In this province whole plains are covered with dwarf mulberry trees* purpofely checked in their growth ; and prodigious quantities of filkworms are bred. The principal branch of trade confifts in filk ftuffs ; and thofe in which gold and filver arc intermixed arc ths' •I f;Ji irofl hpaii»ifiil In Chin.'^. Tlie tuM v.v tr''»*ii prow herr, and a I'pfcitf* of mulli- loomi, which arc tr.inCportrd to »\\ the provina-H of the empire ; and h«*rc all'.* arc f )mul Ihefinall ^nW fifli with wdiclj fonds are cummonly (locked. In Tclir- iat'i; ar« recltotu-d u cities of the firft rank, 71 of the third, and 18 ft»rtrcllf». whicli ill Kiiropc would br denned l.irgc fitiea. Hani; tcht-oii Is the cnpital. 't'chernixof, a government of UtilTi.i, formerly a part of the Ukraine. 'I'he cupitai, of the r»n>e name, is featrd on the Defna, 80 m NNfc Kiof, and 140 3 by wSmnlctiflc. Lon -^i jjiijat.si i^s. Tchefne, a town of Aliatic 'i'urkey, on the w coaft of Natolia, with a cit;i- dfl. It ftanda almcift oppoCite Scio, at the head of a fpicloui ro^d, where the Turkifh fli-et was dtllroyed by the Ruf. flai's, in 1779. » It is 4K m w Smyrna. Lon. B, lit. 38 afi N. • Tc'hing-h'iangt a city of China, of thr firfl rank, in Setchtiin, 910 m ^w l'*.- kinjf. Lon, 104 56 b, IU. 17 lU n. Tchhix kiariff, a Itrong city of China, of the firll rank, in Kiang-nan, and tlic ln^y of the empire toward the ih\. Ifs fituation and trade, and the b nuiy of its wallo, give it a freeminince over the othtr cities of th*- provirtce. It is feat- ed on the f> fide of tlic Ki^n-ku, 470 m s&E I'cking. Lon. 118 55 v., lat- 3a 14 N. Tchin^ kian^, ;• city of Chini, of the (ir(l rank, in the province of Yiin-nan, ^6 m 8 by K Yun-nan. Lun. 102 40 e, lat. :4 44 N'> Tchitifr tcheou. a city of China, of tiie flrft rank, in Hoo>qiMnf!, feated on an angle formed by two rivf-rn. Under it are five cities of the third clafs, in which a kind of plain e^ithen ware is prepnr. e.l, which the Ch'nt-le prtfer to the moft elegant porcelain. It is 765 m ssw Peking, i^on. 109 40 &, lat. 28 Tching-tinjr, a city of China, of the fi ft raiik, in Pe-tchc li. 136 m *sw Pckinir. Lon. 114 ii ^,!at. 38 «) n. Tchintftou, a city of Ciiina, capital of Setchucn. It was fotint-rly the rcii- dence of the emperors, and one of the largeft .md moft beautiful cities in the empire ; but in 1646, it was almoft en- tirely deftroyed during the civil wars that preceded the laft invafion of the Tartars. Its temples, and the luins »)f ancient palaces, are objeds of admira- tion to ftrangers. It is 810 m sw Pe- king. Lon. 103 44 K, lat 30 40 V. Tchln-ngan, a city of China, of the firft rank, in Quanjf fi, rajo m skw Peking. Lon- 106 o ii^lat. a^ ai n. T K C Ttli fffietn, n city of China, of (hit firft tarik, in Kus. 'fchukotjk'h the molt caf^'rn part of Siberia, in the province ot Okotfk T^e attention of the natives is confiiud chieily to their deer, with which the country abounds. 'Ihey are a wcil- inade, courageous, warlike race, anil are formidable nt-ighbourb to the Koriuc.., who often experience tncir ctpiecia- tions. 't'chukotjkoi, a cipe of Siberia, r.n t!ie ealtern cxtrem'tv of tlii: RuHians. It is leated on the Noiiiii, 600 m NNE Peking. Lon. 123 50k, lat. 47 25 N. Tebrjia, or Tinfa, a town of A'gifiS, in the" province of Conftantina, v.iih ;* callle, and li.*veral remains of antiquiiy. It is featcd at the foot of a niouniaiii, on the borders of Tunis, 120 m st Cenftantina. Lon. 8 5 f , lat. 34 51 n. Ttcalit a town of New Spain, lu TIalcala, famous for its mats made of reeds of palm, and i'mall baflcets. It it , 17 m Bfc Puebla. Tece /, a town of the kirgciom of Sus, in a count '*•'• 'i'trinitZf R town of Hohomia, in the circle of PiKcii, with a cartle aiid con- vent 'leatcd on thr Ra«l!)U7.a, jo m wsw iMf.n. Teil'erukr/^ a town of navaria, in the durhy of Salzburg, la m nw Silzbnrg. TrilJe, or //Vy}, a river of HuuKary, which xMi'M in the Carpathian moun- tains, flows w to Tokay, and then a by Tlbngrad, Srgi-din, and Titul, belo'v wliicli It joins the Danube. Ttjucot a town of Rrani, capital of a diamond diilrid of the fame name, the tichcd in the coniitr/. It is Htuate in the midfl of ftcriiity ; but the Ihopu are wellltockcd with KngliHi c'oth, printed cottons, baizes, hams, cheefe, butter, and porter, all brought on mules from St. Salvador, or St. Stballian. It is 500 m ssw of the former, and 400 n of the latter. Lon. 42 30 w, lut. 18 11 s. Tekin', lee Bender- Teiemonet a town of ftiily, in Stato delli Prefidii, with a fmall harbour, and a ftrong fort ; leated at the mouth of the Oira, ID m N Orbilello. TeUfit a town of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 18 m GNE Capua- Telgen, or Te1ga% a town of Sweden, in Sudernania, fituate on the s part ct the lake Maeler, la m sw .Stockholm. Telgent a town of Sweden, in Upland, fituate on a creek of the Baltic, 36 m NE Stockholm. Telget, a town of Wedphalia, in the principality of Munfter T F>N tivei rcflde here, and the trade i« confi. drraMe. It i* raited at the mouth of ,1 river, 41 <^ nniv Calicut. ln'' m wrw, ;o, onthecoift ot Natolia, 14 m » of the Itr.'iit (it Gallipoti. It is 9 m loii^ and (\ broad, inhabited nlmoll wholly by vlrrckH, and itii muriMdinc wine \a th ■ hcfl in all the Levant. On tin* at Ixic is the town, at the toot of a monntai 1, with a harimnr, drfeiuled by a calUc. i.on. 85 j8 K, lat- 39 48 N. Tenen, or Kiiin, a town of Oalmatia, on the borders of Rofnia, and a billmp's (rf. It has been litveral times taken by tlie Turks and Venetians, and in 48 m s BiliacZ' I'On. 16 30 e, lat. 44 5 n. Tenenff^ one of the Canary ill inds, and the moit infidcrable for riches, trade, .niui pnpulaiion. It lies w of the Grand Canary, is /o m long and a 2 broad, and iibonnds in wine, frnit, cattle, and frmne. One part of this illand is lur- roiinded by monntains, and one in par- ticular, calUnI the I'ikc of Teneritt", is ij,ij8 feet above tlir level of the iea : and the diftance to the I'iUe from the port of Oratava, at the bafe of the mountain, is aliovc n m. This illand iafubjed to earthqii ikes ; and, ir 1704, one deftroyed feverai t'wns, and many thouland people. The laborious works in this ifland are chiefly performed by oxen and mules, horii:^ bcin^ fcarce, aad relerved lor the ufe of the oflice^s. Hawks and parrots are natives of the idsiid, as alio Iwallows, fei(,'ull.s, par- tridges, and blackbirds. Inere an. ailo liz;irdH, iocnftfi, and dr.igonfliei. St. Chriftophe de Lagr.na is the cjpicai, but the povi-inor relides at St. Cnii:. Tenaitf, a town of IVrri Fir'na, in the province of St. Martha, feated on tlie Madalena, 100 m s by w bt. Mar- tha. Lon. 74 15 w, lat. 9 45 n. Tenez, or Tenh^ a town ot Algiers, in the province of Mafcara, capital of a ur, and the roatl ii expolcd to the w a.,d w wiiidi. It it fi-atcd on \ rivrr, 4 n> tr.tin thi- lea, and Kj w.tw Algiers. Jon. I 14 »., lat. i6 16 N. 'I'f-ng,tn, a city of China, of ihe firft rank, in lion qiiang, i^r^a m 1 by w IV*- king. Lon. n j ai ►, iat 31 »o v. Ti-tini-jjef on** of the United Sfitcd of Amrriia, lying between the p.ir.tlleln nf \ >; and ,i65 dt^Mci'i latitude; bmnnlrdoa Itu* s by Oi'nigi.i, w by tlu- .Miflfidippi, N by Kintucky and Vir^/inia, ami •■ by the Iron .i.id Haid mount liiH, winch f«- p.iratc itf'om NCatolma. It ii 410 m in l( iigth and 104 in breidth ; and divided into three diftritits. Waflinigtun, Miro, and Il.iiniltoii, which .in- fubdiviili,! iw to 14 coiinti«-«. 'I'he princioal riviTH ar.« the MilTiUippi, Teniiellef, ('unl)crl.ind, and IlolPon, and it is watered by otln-r »ivi.r8 and creeks. 'I'hc ^ uinbt'rlaml mountain*, a loltyridgf near .30 m broad, cut t I K M 1*. (»f Morod'O, ptHV-n 3 i\t N ot that city, .umI riitcri (hi* mi mii I J m • «)f S.tfiy. TttyhiUt * town ol Upprr S.ixniiy, ii; l'hnrin{;i.), lo m nk I,.iii(ri'nra. Tefieaca^ a town of Niw Spain, in Ttafcala, built by CoricM, and then call- ed Sfffura dc la Froniiia. In tlif prin- cipal (quare iH a iort, now in ,1 dilapi- dated flate, a beautiful church, and a magnifiomt convent It has iiveral manufadturci* of woollen cloth, ai.d is 17 nt s*ti Furbla. Tepellene, a town of European Tur- key, in Albania, with a palace of the Eacha of Janina, where he fometimct olds his court. It is (iratrd on the Vouifla. la m N Argiro Callro, and 60 NNW Janina. Tepic, a town of New Spain, In Oua- dalaxara, capital of a dillridt that ex- tends to the feacoad. It is featrd on the fummit of a mountain, no m w by N Ouadalaxara. Lun. 104 45 w, lat. ai ?6 N. Tepoxcelulaf a tov.n of N«.'w Spain, in Tlalcala, capital of a diltriA fertile in corn, cotton, and cochineal It has manufadlures of cotton fluffs and cha- mois, and isfituateamid mountains, 160 m s Pucbia. Lon. 97 ct w, lat. 17 16 3. Tetuia, a town of New Granada, in the diftridt of Tunja, which has a great trade in fugar, fweetmeats, and the produce of a rich country. It is .^a m »sw Pamplona, and 100 nnk Tunja. Teramo, a town of Naples, in Abruz- zo Ultra, at the conflux of the Viciola and Tordino, z$ m nb Aquila. TeraJJo, the ancient Tarfus, a feaport of Aflatic Turkey, in Caramania, and an archbilhop's fee. It is fcatcd on the Mediterranean, 100 m w by n Alexan- drrtta. Lon. 35 1 5 k> lat. 37 4 "• Te*\erat one of the Azores, of a cir- ctriar form, about 55 m io circumfer- TK K f ntf , and ?»ry fertile. It contaiiu Ut*. ral J«>wns and villages, with a inimlwi of fort*. Angra is the capirxl, mj t^, frtit of gnvrrnmrnt for iill Itir intiul, 'I'trchix, or 't'tr/bi%, a t«>vvn of Pfrjj in tlir prr*vnicc of Chorafan, 1 jo m w.^w Herat. Lon. 57 sj a, lat. j; 5 n. 7Vr/i,or Terki, a t«»wn nl' Kuiria, m thi' govi'itiment of Cancali .^f (he froniicT ot (JrorKia It it fiiiird tmi river of the lann name, 1 i>ar the C.ifpun fra, iVo m H AUiacau Lou. 4^ |o ^ lat. 43 ij N. ' yVr^rt, a town of Mnmcco, ftatfilon thf Oniirahi, 90 m n Morocco. VVr^oi'///, or 'i'fri'ii, a town of Jy. ropean Turkey. In Waladiij. Hfrcji a hnc palace, belonging to the holpodar or reignirtg prince; but he ciiLHyrr.' ftdrs at Huchoreft. It is fratrd on t)|, Jalonitz, .^j m NNW Buchorcll. I,uii. 3j ^R R, lat. 45 ]8 N. 7 erjfouw i fee GouJa, Ttrmed, a town of Ufbec Tartary, capital of a diltri(!t in Bokharia , laird in an angle formed by the uinoii ot two rivers, 150 m s Samarcand- Lun. 6j j; ^*}l^- M 'i *•• Termini, a town on the N coafl of Sicily, in Val di Ma/.ara, with a ftrog taftic, warm baths, tuul the remaiiudi a fine aqueduA. Here is a royal tUpoi for the export of corn, oil, olives anil othcrr produ^ionx; and it has a vrir lat^e filhery. It Ifands near the mmiil; of a river of the lame name, ao m tsi Pakrmo. 'J'frm»li, a town of Naples, in Capi tanata, feated near the lea, 3a n\ n Lanciuno. Trrnatf, the moft northern and Im- portant idand of the proper Moluccas, though not above 45 m in circumlt- rencc. It is mountainous, and hai a great number of woods that furnilli much game; but it produces a grtJt quantity of cloves, and other fruiti pro- per t«) the climate. The chief quadru- ped » are goats, deer, and hogs ; and th( birds are of didinguiflied beauty, p,irti- cularly the kingfiftier. of a fcarlet ami mazareen blue. The Hoa-ferpent is fomctimes foMnd here, of the lenjithof thirty feet, and is reported fometinu-s to fwallow even i'mall deer, Ternatc is governed by a fultan, who alfo control; Michian, Motir, and Mortay, with thi- N part of Gilolo, and even fomeCciebe- zian ides, and part of Pupua, whence he receives a tribute of gold, amber, and birds of paradife. In 1638 the Dutch formed an alliance with the fultan of Ternatc and the lefler princesi wbicb r K I has been repeatedly n II wsi taken bv the hllind lies a little to I Lon ra6 38 *, lat. 1 1 Terneit/e, n town an thfflindi, in Flanders, of the Scheldt, i ilird Iwaitaken by the Frem II m K Sits V.U) Ghe JAi'werp. Ttrni, a town of Its (fSpoleto, fcalcd on tl linlluK nf the Velino. wl Iciurai^l a mile from tl ]ii the hiithplsce of T iiait. It ii 1.5 m ^•■'»w8 I Home. TirHova, a town ct llo-y, In Uiilguria, and Ifff. It was formerly Iprincri of Bulgaria, ani ■but the fortifications si lilted CI a mount.iin, I'^m Nw .\-]r, in Uiilgurin, and an archhiOiop'* fff. It wns formerly the (eat of the ifince* of Bulgaria, ami a fti'«)nK place, lilt tht fortifications aie ruined. It \h ifi-jteil c'l a mountain, i;ear thr Jcni'ra, I'^m Nw Adriniioplc, and 97 Nh Sofia. .on t6 X K, lat. 4,3 I s. Tnitova, a town of Eiiropenn Tur- ityiiiiThcfTiiy, ^nd ibiflinp « fee, fcat- ;don theSalempria, i« m www Lariila. Tfrodant ; fee 't'arudant. Ttrouene, a ti>vvn of France, in the kpirtment of Pas de Calais, linted on 1' Lis, A m 9 St. Oilier. Ttrra di Bart, Lavoro, and Otranto, [ft fifln, Isic. Ttrra del Ej^irUu Santo, the mofl dlmi and largcft iiland of the New Itbriilei, in the Pacific oci'an, beirig 40 'giiei in circuit. The land is exceed. igly high and monntainoiis, and in my places the hills rife dirtily from ifii-a. Except the clilFs and beaches, 'try part is covered with wood, or lid out in plantations. Befide the bay 'St Philip and St. Jago, on the n fide it) the iiles which lie along the s and coaft form feveral good bays and har- iur». Lon. 167 B,iat. 15 s. Terra lurma, a country of S Ameri- i) bounded on the n by the Caribean '. Ni by the Atlantic, se by Guayana idAmazoniii, 9 by New Granada, and by ihe Pacific ocean and the ilthraus Darien, which laft feparaies it from America. Its length, from the At- i>ic lo the Pacific ocean, is upward '^00 m ; its greatcfl breadth is 450, il ill Ibme places, toward theOronoko, It above i8o. It is divided into the i^inces of Terra Firma Proper, or 'fitn, Carthagena, St. Martha, Venc- «la. Curacas, Cumana, Paria, and ani(b Guayana. The whole country •mvi\ to the viceroy of New Gra- ^' In 1811, a fpirit of revolt broke T F, II out, the provincr» aflemhlt d « general ) -i)frelR, |)yl<-d the Cuiift deration uf Vcncxui-la, and tlit-y endeavoured to hecuine celebrate Maun* (ly Thnililay, ,1 tiidd< 11 and tritiblccoit* vidfion of n.riire liuppenril, and ea« tendrd over a /.teat p.iit of the Country t m.iny thoiif.ii.ih of human b(-in|(S were loft , rnckn .lid mouiitinni fplit, and rolled itito valleys} rivrrit lt)i\, or their com Cri (hanged ( fomc towna Iwatlowed up, fomc toially, others nearly dcflroy- ed, and many very much Ir.jurrd. Th< furviving inhabitants deemed this a heavy judgment for recnt tr.mlgref* liuns, and their revolutionary principlei fublideit 7V>r.< rl of Siilljr, In V«1 (ii Noi«)f t'^moiii fl>i iht' rKp'>rt of (ill- phur ; tc*ttcd nrar Ihr mii(ii)i tif a river of the l;iinr naiiif, 46 m www Noto- Lon 14 n », bt '"• 5 N. Tfrntntvii, 4 friiMui of ^.trdini 1, on a Kiy on I he Mr co.tlt. 61 m kNi 8jir«ri. Lon. (> .15 >' I )«t 41 J ^ Ttrrmjjon, » town of Fr^nrr, If thu <1rp.irtnuiit of putdogiK*, Icatckl on th<^ 'I'l-rtfni:!!-, n t<»wii of N«*w 8p»in, in the province of Sonora, 60 in m Arifpf. TtrriHon, t,oeh, an iiifct of the fea, on the w coiift of Scotliuwl, in Kolklliirr, between Oairloch niid Applecrofl. It ha* many crrrh* and t),iyt. Ttrriorf, a (hong to.vn and fnttr«'f» of Hmtioofl.in, hi the CarnjtiCt 35 in n Tritchinopoly. T^r/'ih., or 't'uf/iij'j, a city of P;lit from tho w, and wool, cioilin, nnd rice Irotn llt-i .c It in I Mo m WNW Herat, and 180 s i>y a M.-lched Teruel, a city of Spain, in Ar.ipnn, and a bilbop's («-e, with a citadel. It i« li'.ited in a k'rtilc plain, at the cnnilux of the Onadalquivcr and Alhand)ra, 75 m ftw Sarag(tchici) floitt, and foon joint ihr Burramp'tnifr. |t ii a 30 m HW L.tHa, and 470 n hy 1. Cil- cult I l.oii- H^ 7 I., lat. m 4 s. 'If /hi, a nfW canton of SwinVrldtid,!) the w of the canton of Orifon,t, 4n,i almnft rncircled by Italy It it rich m p.illiiret and cattle. Ui-llin/uia 11 tlx capial. Tfjlno, or Tefm, a river that hji in fourie 10 Swilleiland, on the t lidc uf St Ctothard, flowt through ihr cintcit of Tffin into the lake M.vgiorr, thm padet to Pavia, in Milanclf, and aliitlr after j. lint tin* To. j 'J'tjtnot a town of Germany, in tl!» county of Tyrol. 15 m knk Trfnt. 7'w/c/, A town of Z khar,i, capitii o(j a diAridt of the fame name. It ii j'o m SNW T.*fil« t. Lon. 5 45 w, Ui 54N' 'lf/^n,i town of Lower S.ixnny, i,i| Mecklfiihurg, on the river RakenitM m «!•. Ki. flock. Tfi/tiUii, a town of F''//an, f«tt near a x\\i-Y,a> \\\ KSk. MMirzuiik. 7V//, or Teftt a river in ILimpHiirfj which riles near Wliitcluirch, flowo. Stnckhridge and Kumdy, and cnld the head of the buy of Southamptun, Reclbridge. Tftbury, a town in Glouctftirlhi with a market on Wtdnclday, and trade in yarn and wool. It it 25 mo Brillol, and (>9 w London. TetJ'chen, or 'I'dzen, a town of Bof mia, in the circle of Lciimeritz, »ii| a cattle on a rock ; feated un ihc Ellx 39 m St Drcfdt n. Tettnanx^ * town of Suabia, in a lorl fhip of the lame name. 8 m n LindiiJ.| Tftuan, a city of the kingdom of Ffl with a caflle, anda convenient harbctj The houfcs are two ftories high," at the top, and whitcwafhcd; theyW only little holes toward iht llr«j which are very narrow ; and the « dows arc on the other fide, fiicinj] courtyard, in which isgcncrallyaM tain. Some of the women M ever take the air, excepting on 1 flat roofs ; and the inhabitants du fing, and take all their amufeinentij them, having hence a jegular con ftk'furet are lilk, TEW rlcatiofi betwfrii the hour«i. Thr ffwilh town IX <|iiit(> diitinet from that ot ihc MtMita I but th« only ditffrrnce bctwrrn them U. that the flrreta arc iov*rr(l with a rnnC rxtrnding from ihc hiiiirr« on rach Atlf. and have the ap- pr4rance ol iiibt»Tr«ncaii pafljiri. The mhattitanta are eltirn »rd at Ko,coot one Coiirth of which nre Jcwa. The trade la very cittindiTuhle i and the chivf inanij. r»i.'lure« are filk, carprtn, uiul ni:kt«. 'Yhf cnvlrona nboiind in vini«y.ird» and girilcnti and thf> fruit* here art* hrtti-r iiurliirfd than in any other pnrt of tlir empire Thia ciiy was tlic rcliifrnce of (i'vrral Fuiopcan conliili, till the year 1770, wh»'n the eirpeior would no l(iii){i-r pctmit them to rrmnin. It it fr .It'll on the ri>er St. Martin, luMr the M<'ilireM:inf.in, 140m nnw Vtz. Loti. 5 11 w.lat. 35 17 M. 1tv€roit, a river of Italy, the anciint Anil), which rifi-K in the Aiiciinini-H, (o m uhovc 'I'ivoii, {{lidci through a pUin till it romca near the town, when it la (oiitinrd for a tliort (pace b«'tvve*'n Iv^o hilU, Cdvcri'd with grovra. Thcfr were i'uppoird to be the refldcnce of the libyl Alhnnea, to whom an clegnnt tem> plfhcrcwandcdicated- Thcrivcrmoving with augmented rapidity, ai ita channel ii confined, at laft ruOiei over a lofty precipice; and the nolle of iti fail rc< round* through the hilli and grovet of Tivoli, Having gained the plain, it touii afterward receivea the waters of the hike Solfatara, and then julna the Tiber, near Rome. Sec Selfd a little above KcUb- The dale through which it flows takes in fo great a p.irt of the couitty,that the fhirc itfcif is often called Teviotdalc. Teukera,^ loaport of Barb;iry, in Rir- ka, on a bay ot the Mediterranean, 120 m Whw Dcrna. Lon. 19 40 c> lat. 3 11 5 N. Teufiitz, a town of Rrandenburp, in the Middle mark, with a calUe in a lake, 25 m s by K licrlin. TeufehintZiA town and caftleof Fran- conia, in the principality of i^anibcrg, 17 m NCulmbach. Teuju^t a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Pilfen, 30 m nw Pilfen. Tenukejhury, a borough in Clourcf- Krlhire, with a market on Wednefday and Saturday. Here are the remai ns of a monaftery, and its church now forms one of the nobleft parish churches in the kingdom. In 147 1> Edward iv TEZ ■lllli brre • drtlrtve vl^ory nter the LllllMirUn«. Trwkctbiiry hi* manu* faAure* of nails, cotton ftoikinR*, and miirtard, , the lort wab laUrii by the tn« giith} and the whule of the Dutch Hxt, lying within the ch.inn»-l, lutrrndcn-d to them ( but the Englilh abandoned the fort foon ufterward- Lon. 4 59 Ky lat. <) 10 N. 'Irya, a river of 0^hire>. It ia t^o m ssw Conllantin. Thainee, a town of the kiii>;dom ot TunJH, near the mouth of a river of the fame name>' i jo m a Tunis. Lun. 1013 8» 'at- 34 50 »* Thame, or Tame, a river that rite's near Tnng in Hertlordfliire, croflitj Bi'ckinghamniiic to the m of Ailefbuiy, enteri Oxfordlhire at the town (if Thame, whence it is mvigable for barges to Dorchcfter, where it joins the Th,ime8. Thame, or Tame, a town in Oxford- Ihire, with a market on Tucfilay, Icat- ed on the river of the fame name, i z m K Oxfoid, and 44 w by n London. T/iainej, ih»* fined n\'.'' in Ureat Bri- tain, which hasits two fources, the tvi«r« and I^s, in Gionceftcrfhirc, and form their jnn^ion in Wiltlhire, a m to tli«: w of Crick*, .de. Some writers have continued the name of Ifis to ihc Thames till it arrives at Dorchelter and receives the Thame; b'lt this is an impropriety, being contr.iry to au- cient and unqueftionable authoritieb. The Thames pioceeds to Crickbde, where it receives fevcral rivulets, which caufe it to widen confiderably in its courfe to Lechlade ; and beinjj there joined by the Coin and Lech, at fcthe diftance of 138 m from London, it be- comes navigable for vefTels of 50 tons. At Oxford (in whofe academic groves its poetical name of Ifis has been fo often invoked) it is joined hy the Charwcl ; at Abingdnn, by the Ock ; and at Dor- cheO.er by the Thame. Faffing by Wallingford to Reading, it there re- ceives the Kennet ; and thence pro- ceeds by Henley, Marlow, Maidenhead, Windfor, Staines, Chertfey. Kingfton, and Brentford, in its courii: to London ; during which it receives the Loddon, Coin Wey, Mole, Brent, and Wandle, From Lccbladc to London it forms a boundary to Oxfordfliirc, Berkfliire, Buckinghanilhire, Surry, and Middlefex. From London the river proceeds by Greenwich, V/oolwich, Grays-Thu- rock, Gravefend, and Leigh, to the German ocean, in ^vhich courfe it parts Eflex from Kent, and receives the Lea, Roding,Darent, and Medway. Though the Thames is faid to be navigable 138 m above London Bridge, there are fo many flats, that, in fummer, the navi* gation weft'"ard would be flopped, were it not for a number of locks ; but the firft lock is 5a m above that bridge. The plan of new cuts has been adoptedy in fome places^ to (horten THE the nsTigatton; there is one near Lrcii- hde, and another a mile from Abintj. don. A Itiil more important under. taking was effedcd in 1789 ; the June- tion of this river with the Severn A can^l had been niatie from the Severn to Stiond i wiilch canal ix now conti- nued thence to Lechlade, where it joini the Th.Tnies ; a diftanctf of above 30 m. A communication between this ilv.r and the Trent and Meiley has likewile been eftecJttd, by a cmal from Oxfoi J to Cov'tntry ; and ;iTiotli»'r can.d tx- tentis from this, ;ii .'^raiinlton, to the Thames at Brenllord, called llie Grand Jnnilion Canal Thames, a river of Coniiciflicnt, form- ed of two principal branches, tiic Sht. tucket and the (^linahauj;, which invi.' their jpory over the Auftrians, in 1794- '/'/»>/, or TieU a ftrong town of Hol- land, in Gcldcrland, taken by the French in 1794. It is feated on ihe Waal, 18 m w Nimegucn. Th'ulh a town of the Netherlands, ill Flanders, 10 m x Courtray. larger and finer here than on the coaft of Guinea. In 1641, this ifland was taken by the Dutch ; but they foon relinquilh- ed it through the inclemency of the cli- mate. Pavoafan is the capital. Thomas, St- one of the Virgin iflands, in the W ladies, with a harbour, a town . and a fort. It is 1 5 m in circuit, and the trade is confiderable, paiticu- *l % T H O larly in timet of peace. It belongs to the DancR, but tluy riirreiidcred it to the Englifh in 1807. Loti. 63 :6 w, lat. 18 IX N. Thomas, St. the capi'al of the Spaiiifh part of Guayana, (catcd at the tout ot a bill, on the right baniv ot' the Oronoko, where that river begiriH to i'orm its delta of mcuths. It is fortified, and the cen- tral and proteifliitg point of the trade carried on in thefe waters. A governor refines here, who is dependent on that of Caracas, and alfo a bi(hop. Lon. 62 55 w, lat. 8 7N. Thomas, St. a town of HIndooftan, in the Carnatic, formerly a powerful city. It is inhabited by weavers and diers, and noted for making the belt coloured fluiTs in India. It is 3 m s Madras. Thomaftonunt f. borough of Ireland, in the county of Kilkenny, withacaftle, and a bridge over tiie river Noire, 10 m SSE Kilkenny. Thomafto governed by a mayori with a mar- TH tr ket on Saturday. It it 14 n> sw 01»u. ccfter, and 121 w London. 'I'hornrt/, a village in Cambridgefhire, 6 m Nb Peterborough. Near it was a mitred abbey, and the nave of the church is ftill remaining. Tharney, a finall ill.md in a bay of the Kiiglilh chaiinel, near the coalt ut Suflcx, wiih a villipe of the fame name, at the mouth of the Lavant, 7 m sw Cliichefter. Thouihill, a town of Scotia id, in Dumfri^' Tmian, an ifland in the PaciHc ocean, one of the Ladronea, 12 m long and 6 broad. The foil is dry, and fomcwhat fandy. Here are many cattle, abun- dance of fowls, and plenty of wild hogs. It aifords abundance of cocoa-nuts, pau- paus, guavas, limes, four oranges, and bread-fruit ; alfo much cotton and in- digo. There are no ftreams ; and the water of a well, fnppofed to be the fame at which Anfon filled his caiks in 1742, was found by Byron, in 1765, to be brackifh and full of worms. "Botlj thefe officers experienced that the fifli caught here were unwholel'ome- The princi- pal inconvenience arifes from the num- ber of mulkitos, and other kinds of flies; and there are likewife many ve- nomous infedts, centipedes, and Icor- pions. The road is dangerous, for the bottom coiilifts of hard fand and large coral rocks. Lon. 146 o e, Int. 15 o n. Tino, the ancient Tenos, an ifland of the Archipelago, to the s of Andros, from which it is feparated by a narrow channel. It is 15 m long and 8 inroad, and fubje»5t to the Turks. This ifland produces abundance of filk, and the Itockings made of it are very good, but nothing can equal the gloves which are knit here for the ladies. The tprtrefis Hands on a rock ; and here h a bifhop's fee of the Latin churuh, though the Greeks have 200 papas or pricfts. The capital is of the fame name. Lon. 2 j lo E, lat. ij 40 N. Tintagel, a village in Cornwall, 4 mile w of Bofliney. It is noted for the fplendid remain of a caftle, on a bold promontory in the Briftol channel, faid ;;M^i-- TI R to have been tho birthplace of king Arthur, and ilie feat ot the ancient iluitcB of C>>rtiwall. Tinte-rn, a viiliRe n Monmouthlliirfi on tlie rrver Wye, •; m n '• k CIu p- ftow. It h^« a nuuin'i''^ ir« '1 ironxvirc, alfo thf vci.cr.ibic rii'ii'iu dI an al)b»*y, whicb iN a beautiful fi ccimi i of Outhic archil ''Ct 'lie 'J'i/ifo, a river of Sp.-i'i, \vhich lilVa in \\\f province of St villc .nt' ha.« its name from tbf water bcinp t. .^i! of a yellow colour. Near its (priii; s it has a pt-tri- fying qn.ility, no Hlb uli live In it. nor any plants jjrow on it: banks ; tliclu' proporticti continue ti other rivulcii citt-r and alter its natnr. ; for when it pallc* by Niibl.^ it i< not difVerent fiom other riverti, and lU m bi:low it enters th«? bay of Cadiz, at Ilnelva. Tinzeda a town of Barbary, in the county of Dual), on thu river Dras. Lon. 6 13 w, lat. 27 jjo n. Tiorn, an iJland on the w rmft of Sweden, 25 m in circuit, and iibounding in excellent pafture. Lon. 1 1 29 k, lut. 58 o N. Tipcrat or Tiproy a c >unrry of Hin- dooflan, in Ikngnl, on the borders of Birniah. The chief town is C'omill;ih. Tipperarif, a county of Ireland, in the province ot Muniter, 60 m long and 40 broad ; bounded on the n by King county, E by Queen county and Kil- kenny, s by Waterford, and w by Gal- way, Clare, Limerick, and Cork. It is divided into 147 pariihes, contains about 170,000 Inhabitants, and fends four members to parliament The s part is fertile ; but the n is rather barren, and terminates in a row of i a mountains, the higheft in Ireland, called Phc- Iem-dhi"-Madina. The rivcr Sure runs through it from N to s. Clonmel is the capital- Tipperary, a town of Ireland, in the county of the fame name, 13 m w by s Caflicl. Tipfa ; fee Tebrfia. Tirana, a town of Swiflerland, capital of a dilWdl in Valteline. It contains feveral hiindfome buildings, but from the Karrowncls of the ftrcels, and many ruinous houfes, the general appearance is deiblatc There are fome rtmaina of its walls and fortrefs, bu'lt by Ludovico Sforsa, as a defence againft the Grifons, %»hodeftroyedthem when they acquired poflefl^on of Valteline. The ftaple com- merce coniifts in the exportation of wine and filk. Near the town .s the magnificent church of the Madona, much viGted by catholic pilgrinis. The .maflacre of the prote|lai>t3 of Valteline, TIT in 1 6x0. I»«,(;in in this town. It h featcd on the Adda, la m sw Hormi<». Lon 9 58 k, lat. 46 ao N. 7V/v/;, a town of Ali.uic Turkey, in N.itoli,!, (ituate on tfte Meindcr, 32 m •sK .Smyrna. 7/r<7/, an illand of Sv'otland. one of tilt Hl(. rides, lying to the w of Mull. \* is 16 ni long and ^ broad. The fnrfue in general i>i low and even, and it it noted lor us marble quarry, and a hand- loi'. 1 iiived ot bltle h tIcs. Tii/ei/iont,n town of the Netherlands, in ilr.ibaiit, formerly one of the moft conlideiahle cities in that duchy, bi;^ ruined by the wars, and by a creut fire in i;oi N«'ar this place the Auftriang were d< feated in 179a by the French, who the year following were routed by the former. It is fcated on the nver Goct, 10 m KSE Louvain. Tirnati, a town of Hungary, in the country of Neitra, fcated on the Tirna, a6 tn NK Prtfburg. Tirfchenreid, a town of the palatinate of Uavaria, fcated on a lake, 10 m s Egra. Titer't, the middle or fouthern pro- vince of the kingdom of Algiers, in which is a lake of the fame name, form- ed by the riv.r Shellif, near its Ibrrce. Toward the n '* ic mountainous and narrow, and to the s it extends far into thi* defert. The Anwall mountains on the river IfTtr rife to a great height ; biit to the Sb are fome of the highetl in the whole kingdom, called Jurjuraand Felizia. The latter are a rocky ridge, extending about 20 m, and in moil places inacci-tTible. Here dwell the Cabyls, an independent fibe, who h,ivr never been fulidued by the Algerines This province is the fmalleft and leaft important. The principal town is Be- lida. Titicaca, or Chucuito, a lake of Pern, in the audience of Charcas, of an oval figure. 240 m in circuit Many (IrtMnis enter into it, but the water is \o muddy and naufeous as not to be drank. It contains feveral iflands, and on the largeft, called Titicaca, the moft ipltn- did temple in the empire was erefled by Manco Capac, the firft inca. Tiic/iMd, a village in H;imp(hirc, on the river Aire, 3 m w Fareham. It had formerly an abbey; and on its fite are the remains of a manfion where Charles i was concealed in his flight from Hampton court, in 1647* Titlijbtrg. one of the higheft maun' tains in Swifferland, in the canton of Uri, M m to the ssw of AltorfF. Titfchicnf New, a town of Moravia, forthefpace of s; T r. A ill t lie circle of Prcraii, wlU L'.:ilt aiul ilfffiiiltil hy K\\\U, 28 rn »'. by n prt-raii. I'ilMiririn^, a town nl l).iv:ula, ill th« (lutliy of S.i!/hiirp, I'Mlfd on tin" Sal/a, JO III "Nvv S»l/hiir;r. Titti/, a town of H'.njnry^ (••atcd on tht Tciiri', near its conflux with tlie D.iiuiHr, 1.1 m KSK p. tdwardcin, and .4 NNw Iki.s'i ade. I'luerton, a horoiiph in Devon Hi Ire, (»ovt'rnfd by a mayor, with a marlvct on Tiiclilay. It li;i'« lunj; bi-i-n n()fod for wo'jll'n inamifa»Stiircs, paiticiilarly i V part is an immen.e plain, ric* vated more than 6000 feet above the level of the fea. It it fo eminently fer- tile in frnir, wheat, and maize, that hence it had the name of Tlalcal.1, the L.md of Hread. The s part is IcfH fer- tile, but well .uiapteil for the cultivation «)f liigar, cotton, and tobacco. Thi« province contains three remark.iblc fum- init-t, the l'opoc.i»-pctl, the Pike of Oii/, d)a, and the Coffrc of Perotc ; the fiill two an; the moll elevated moun- t,.inH in New Spain, and the other is a (e.unark. Pncbia is the capital. Tlafcala, a town of New Spain, for- merly a populous city and thi; capital of the provMic« of the litme name. It has manuiacturcb of woollen and cotton articles, and is featcd on a river, 18 m N' by [•: Puebla. Tlemfnn ; fee Tremefan. 'I'oba^^o, the moft fOuthern of the iflands in the VV Indies, and the moft calkrn except Darbadns. it is 3a m long and 10 broao : and near the nb extremity is Little 'I'obago, which is % in long. The climate is not fo hot as • might be expedtcd from its fituation lb near the equator ; nor is it vifited by liich dreadful hurricanes as frequently defolaie the other iflands. It is diverfi- ficd with hills and vales, and equal in richnefs of produce to any iOand in Ihefe feas. In 1748, it was declared a neutral ill.ind, hut in 1763 was ceded to the Englilh. It was taken by the French in 1781, and confirmed to them in 1783; but it was taken by the Englifli in i793» redored in 1802, and again taken in 1 1)03. The principal place ib Scarborough. Tobermory, a town of Scotland, in the ifland of Mull, with a good harbour, and a cudomhoofe ; feated on a fine bay, near the nw end of the found of Mull. I.on. s 59 w, lat. 56 46 v. Tobol/k, a government of the RuflTian empire, which comprehends thcgreateft part of weitcrn Siberia. It is divided into the two provinces of Tobolik and Tomflc. Tobol/k, a city of Siberia, capital of the government of Tobolfk (formerly of all Siberia) and an archbifliop's fee- It is feated on the Irtyfh, oppolite the influx of the Tobol, and divided into the upper and lower town. The upper town, which is properly the city, (tandi on a hill, on the e fide of the fort, and is enclofed with an earthen rampart. It has three wooden churches and a con- vent ; and in the fort are the governor's houfe, the archbilhop's palace, the ex- change, and two churches, which are all ftone buildings. The lower town 'I >V...rl- 1 o c ftands on a nlamt hetwrcn the city and river. Moll nf ihi* houf'i Ining con- ftniiffed «f wiHxI. it Wwi rirariy ci>n. lumcd hy .1 fiir jixuit 17XA; htit it la now rrhiiilt, and t'hicfly ot ftonr. To- holtk Cniil, lilts is,ono iriliabit.inti. mid alimiA the fouitli p,r, t arc Tarl.TH, who diivc A preat viade on Jhf ri-'cr Ir- tyfb, and cury their goodi« Ui China. Thirc arc alfo 1 gnat mi m her of Kal- miic<. TIh' reft of thf inhaliitant;! are Kiillians, whnfc anct (tors were htninnd hitlii'r for iluir crinu'', or inch a« arr fxiit's themlclves. All thr Chini fe ca- rav.ms are ohligf d to pifg through this town ; and all tlic furs furniflKil by Silnria aic brou>;ht into a warehoiili? here, and thence fotivardcd to the Si- berian chaitct-ry, ;it .Mofcow Hcri' aic many artificers, who want neither tools nor m;!teri.il» to carry on their tradi'3; but from thi- cheapnt f< of all thi* necef- litieM of life, incloleiii'c and lloih prevail to fiich a degrt e, that it is diflictilt to get any thing m idc. Toholflc ii iioo in E by N Mfjfcow, and laou ^- by s Lon. C'l 35 K, lat. s8 Pctcrfbiirg XZ N. 'J'vcnnlirt, a Iarg<* river of Brafd, which flown in a n direO.ion abovf 900 m, and enters the efluary of the Para, above the city of P.iia. 'local, a city of Afiatic Turkey, in Roimi. Thi- houfex arc handfomely built, and the ftreefs paved, which iu ijneoinm.Mi in thele paits; but the town ni'kts a vtry o.!d appearance, being built on uneven ground. There iir« two mggcd perpendicular rocks of marble, with an old caftle on e.ii-li ; and fo many ftreams, that each hoiife lias a fountain. The inhabitants art! computed at 90,000. There are 12 mdl'iiues, and a vaft num- ber of chapels ; the Armenians have 7 churches, and the Creeks only one. The chief trade is in copper veflTels, but much yellow leather and filk is manufadurcd. Tocat may be confi- dcred as the centre of trade in Turkey ; for caravans cotne hither from feveral parts. The vicinity abounds in fruit and excellent wine. It is feated on the Tozzan, 55 m n by w Sivas. Lon. 36 38 K, lat. 39 55 N. Tocayma, a town of New Granada, In a country abounding in fruit and fugarcanes. Here are hot baths between two cold fprings; and near the town la a volcano. It is feated on the Pati, !it«r its entrance into the Madalena, 34 m w St. Fe. Lon. 73 58 w, lat. 4 5 n. Tccrur, a kingdom of Negroland, lying to the e of Tombuftoo, on both fides the Niger. The capital is of the TOL fame name, feated on the a fide of tie Niger, jao ni k Tombufloo. Lou ^ 18 .y, lat. ifi .}» N. Tadit a ti)wn of Italy, in the dn larone, 15 m n Trevoux. Tokay, a town of Hungary, with a caftlc. It is celebrated for wine, which is preferred to all others in Hungary ; and near it are large fall -works. It Hands at the conflux of the Bodro^^witii the Teiflc, 105 m kne Buda. Lon. i, 15 K, lat. 4H K N. Tolaga l^ay, a bay on the nf. coaftnf the northern illand of New Zealand. Lon. 17H 34 E, lat. ^H jt s. Toledo^ a city of Spain, in New Caf- tile, of which it was formerly the c.i. pital, and the fee of an archbilhop, who is piiTkate of "^pain. it ft.mds on a conical hill, which is nearly furrounded by the river Tajo ; and on the land fide Is an ancient wall, flanked with J CO towers. There are a great nntnbtr of fupcrb ftruitures, bcfide 17 p'.'oPc fquarcs, where die markets are ktpt. The cathedral it) the richeft in Spain; the Segrario, or principal chapel, con- tains 15 large cabinets let into the wall, full of gold and lilvcr vclTils, and other works. Here are 38 relii,'ious houf"'., with a great number of churches ne- longing to 27 parilhes, and fume h.if- pitals. Tl.c inhabitTnts, once eftimated at aoo,ooo, are now reduced to 15. 000. Without the town ate the remains of an amphitheatre, and other antiquities. It has a royal caftle, a famous univerfity, and feveral ; anufaiture.* of arms, filk, and wool. It is 37 m s Madrid. Lon. 3 20 w, lat. 39 50 N. ToUn, a fortified town of Holland. in Zealand, in an illand of the fame name, feparated by a narrow channel from Brabant. On the Brabar/ fide it has a fort called Schlyckenburg, 5 m NW Bergen op Zoom. Lon. 4 so e, lat. 51 30 N. Tolentino, a town of Italy, in the marquifate of Ancena, where the relics of St. Nicolas are kept. It is feated on the C'hiento, 12 m sw Macerata. Tolejburg, a feaport of Ruflla, in the toverrimeat of Riga, feated on the gulf TOM of Finland, 60 m w N.irva. Lon ti 4 t, lat SQ l" "■ To/jU. ;it(>wn of Italy, in thr patri- mony of St. Peter. Ill thf envirniu arc wATtn h«th«, mincf) of ulum nml iron, .-indqiMrricsofalabilleranUlnpiila/uti. It iv 4 m NK Civita Vrcchia- 'l\)l/)uyt, a town of IIoll;tiid| in Ocl- Jcrl.in'1, icatcd on the Kh.iio, 8 m R Hmcgucn- 'I'ollandt a town of Conncif^icut, chief of the county of its name, wliicli i« a hilly (iiQriJt, but good for grazing. It i« iS m NK Hertford. Totmezo, a town of Italy, in Friuli, with a cartlc. Near it it an cxttiifive linen manMfadlure. It (lunds on the Tanliamcnto, 14 m nw Udina. folminot a town of Germany, in the duchy otCarnioU, t» m n Ooritz. Tolna, a town of Hungary, capital nf a county of th»' fame name, producing excellent wine. It is fcitcu on the Da- nube, 65 m s Buda. Lon. 19 15 k, tat. 46 30 N . folnani, a town of Ilindoollan, in th*- country of Biglana, 70 m w Bur- hampour, and 114 e Sural. Lon. 75 .:j E, lat. x\ 15 N- Tolumeta, a feaport of Barbiry, in Darca, arc;«^titly called Ptolemais ; feat- edon the Nicditerranean, 80 m w by k Derna. Lor. »o 40 e, lat. 32521*. ToUfa, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, capital of the diftiift of Guipufcoa, ci*- lebrated for its Reel manufa^ures, par- ticularly of fword-blades. It was taken by the French in-1794. It is fr-ated in a valley, between the Araxis and Oria, 36 m E Bilboa. Lon. 2 5 w, lat. 43 IJN. TV/m, a feaport of Terra Firma, in tlie government of Carthag^na ; famous for its ballam, produced from a tree like a pine. It is feaied on a bay, 70 m .1 Cartbagena. Lon. 75 a 6 w, lat. 9 .1* N- Toiuca, a town of New Spain, in the province of Mexico, at the foot of a mountain, in a valley abounding in corn, 25 m wsw Mexico. Titnar, a town of Portugal, in Eftre- madura, on the river Naboan, at the foot of the mountains, where there is a caftlc belonging to the knights of Chri*^ This town was burnt by the French, on their retreat, in iXii. It is 40 m s by E^oimbra, and 65 ne Lifbon. TombuSloo, or Timbu^oo, a kingdom of Negroland, which lies to the w of Bambara, andB of Tocrur. It produces plenty of corn, coffee, indigo, cattle, milk, butter, honey, and wax. The king isdefpotic; and has 3000 horfcmen, TO N beflde a grcU number of fool, who fr«- (jjentlvtake cap'ive-, and (ell them to the mcrchanis titr llavei. The houfei are built like bells, with walls of hur- dler piadcrcd wi'h cl.iy, and covered with r.fdn. The better fort of women h.ivc their faces covertd, their religion bring Moh.imcdanilin. Both men and women aie fond of dancing, and fpt-nd .« gt -at p.jrt of the night in that tx- eri:i(e. Tombuilo*, the capital of the kingdom of the fainc name, with a (lately mofque built of ftone, and a royal palace. It is faid to be i» m in circuit; but the houfen being fpicious, and having for the mod part no upper apartments, the population is not proportionally great. Ilcre are miny cotton-weavers, and in- g(.T." us mechanics. Cloth and other European merchandife an; brought by caravans from Barbary ; thcfe arc ex- changed for ivory, (liAvei, (eiia, gold-duft, dates, oftriches feathers, &c. brought from thi! interior and more maritime parts of Africa. This city is fubjeft to a well regulated police, and the inhabit- ants are m general rich. It ftands in a plain, furrounded by fandy eminences, 12 tn N of the Niger, and 290 enk Stgo. Lon. I 38 w, lat. 16 35 n. 7'omina, a town of Peru, in the pro- vince of Charcas, 60 m n k Plata. Tominit a town on the k coaft of Ce- lebes, on a bay to which it gives name. Lon. 119 o E, lat. o ^5 s. Tomjkt a town of Siberia, in the go- vern-Tient of Tobolflc. On the higheft part ftands a wooden caftle, defended by cannon ; and in it are a caihcdral built of wood, the chancery, and an arfenal. The inhabitants carry on a great trade, this town lying on the great road through all the e and n parts of Siberia. Here are all kinds of artificers and tradefmen, but they are indolent and flothful. It contains above aooo houfes, and is feated on the river Tom, 560 m E by s Tobollk. Lon. 84 19 u, lat. 57 4 N. Tondern, a town of Denmark, in the duchy of Slcfwick, whit h is well built, and has a confiderable trade in corn, cattle, filk, and fine lace- An old pa- lace, which was formerly fortified, is now difmantled and in ruins. It is feat- ed on the river Widaw, and on a bay of the German ocean, %% m s by k Ripen, and 40 nw Slefwick. Lon. 9 40 E, lat. 5458 N. yon^fa/flAoojOneoftheFriendlyinands, 60 m in circuit. It was difcovered by Tafman, who called it New Amftcr- dam, and vifited by Cook in 1773 and 3A m i''i, m i# TON 1777, whoUy (It anchor on the It ii the fr^t of yovernmrnt fur all the other iilindt, and ilie ordinary rcfiihtu'c' of all the principiilcliicU. Lon. 1/4 .)6 w, l:it. 11 9 «■ ToHx*rfit, or I'onftrfi, atownofth«* Nethcrlnndi. in tin- 1 rritory of Lien**. formrrly one of tht- nmd flounfliiMx cities in the Uoman province of (JiHi.i K'luici It has prcally ("uflfi-rrd by wars, thr Hrft tin\c by AUili, king of thi- (luni, in 455. and the lal>. l>y the French, in 1677. It i» (tMttd on the Jeckar, in vn vw I*. ToHifho, a city of Pi'gii, capital o^ a province of the fume name, noted or producing the boft bettle nut- It hat a iirt, deenr,ed the ftrongeft in thiiice, In the dip.»i'mi-nt of I.owrr Charcnte, with ;i r.iHi* i fratcd on the ChariMitf, xrhefort, and 15 nw S.iinlti. ..A/i, a town of i'r.iiu;i>, in l|i« (ii p trtmrnt of Lot (ttxl CJ.irontir, fcattd on the Cfaronne, 2 m from it* jiinL^lmti with th«* Lot, and 7 f MArniuuh*. Tonnfrre, -i town of I'runcr, in the depart mtiit of Yunne, faniout for gonj wineH{ f('.«teil on the Armancon, 27 m s Troyt», and 102 K Puis. I'onningtn, a feaport of Denmark, in the iluchy of Slefwick. It wau fornK-riy fortified, but the works were demnliih* ed by order of the king in 1714, a, w.u likewilL' its cuftic in 17,^4. The harbour is commodious, and delt-nded by thnt batteries. It u feated on u peniniiU formed by the river Eyder, 25 m vaw Slefwick, and 70 nnw Hamburg, hvn. 9 10 E, lat. 54 30 N. Tonqitin^ a kingdom of Afia, boumirj on the N by (^hina, v. by China and the gulf of Ton(|nin, s by Cochincliina, ^tij w by Lau. It n 450 m in len^^th, and 380 in breadth in the n, but n.iriuws to 70 as it appronchesi the s. Toward China is a large traA of del'crt, nnd ,1 chain of mountains, through which there is only one pnfTage, delendcd bf a wall ; yet it is one of the finelt coun- tries of theealf, for popiiialiun, fcitiiity, and trade. The extremes of heat and cold are never ftlt ; for periodical rains, the vicinity of the fea, the nutnher ol' rivers and canals, and the widefpread- ing irrigations neceifary for the cultiva- tion of rice, all tend to maintain a moderate temperature, which, while it is grateful to the human fpccies, is tin- ^ularly favorable to vegetation. Rice IS the principal produce, of which two abundant crops are reaped in the year; and fometimes between thcfe, a crop of pulfe will be raifcd in three wttks. Maize and Turkey corn are fuccefsfuliy cultivated. Potatoes, yams, and other farinaceous and nutritive plants are plentiful, and a great vnriety of excel- lent herbs gtow fpontai.tui.l'/ in the woods. The ox and bnft'.ilu aio ufwi both in agriculture ami for food. Horlts are fmall and of little utility. There are no camels, fhecp, nor afles ; but goats and hogs are in abundance The chief commodities are gold, rauflc, filks, calicoS) drugs of many forts, woodi for tonf, in <• in N Francf, h.irrntr, Siirln. I finer, 'li.ircntt, iihtt'i. . in tlif M'l fcatcU jrmii<|iiin I* ^Irnxll limited to 4 coalling trtdc ( the irjlouiy ofKovcrninrni prutiibiting • free inter* Ciitirrc with ollirr n.ttioi)n iliaii iiiveiw tion i and they are unactpi tinted with moft of th«' c«)ntriv.inc«.,« that facili- tate and acct'lerait* m>-chanical opera- tionii. Silk* and cottons an? the mami- fadures in which their Ikill appeam pre-eminent, and in thefe women are chiefly employed { but there is inch .1 numb«T of people, that many w.mt fm- ployment, for they feldom go to work out when foreign (hips arrive. Their garments are made either of iilk or col- ton ; hut the poor people and loldiirs wear only cotton of a Oark tawny co- lour, and children go n.iked till the age offeven. Uolh mt-n and wo:ncn wear turbans, and go barefooted ; pirfons of cunfequence only wear f.tndaU within duors. Thdr houl'cs arc fmatl and low, and the walls either of mud, or hurdled daubed over with clay. They have only a ground floor, with two or three par- titions, and each room has a fqiiare hole to let in the light. They have rtools, benches, and chairs ; and on the lide of a table is a little altar, with two iiic< nl'e pots thereon, which nohoufc is without. The country abounds with villigi't), which conlift of 30 or 40 houl'cs, fur- rounded by trees ; and in fome placta arc banks to keep the wattr from over- flowing their gardens, where they have oranges, bctcU, pumkins, melons, and falad herbs. In the rainy li::»ron, tVom May to Auguft, tliey cannot pal's from one houfe lo another, without wa '' ii!<>U )«ave hum iii llia|n «, but ill very dilUrcnt fi»rin» ; they h4ve likrvife lomt* r« I'l nbliug rlcphani* and liorle*, pljced in fiTLill low templet built of timbir. The language is very guttural, and ft)me of thf womU are pronounced through the teeth it hat a great rcfcniblance to the Chinefc, and the characters are the fame ( ami likt them thi'y write with a liar pencil Thit kingdom about the b (JlirilUana. Lon. 10 14 i, lat. 58 50 N. Tofturu, a town of Ilindoodan, in Myforc. formerly a city of great extent, nit appears by (time rums of the walls. Here are three lenplcs in good prefer- vatioii ; and near it i.i an immenfe tank, or rclirvoir of water, b4/'«««»* town of Hun|«r]r« 6« T^^/httm, « fi-aport in DvvnnfMrr, with « market on A«iiirti.iy. ilrrr \% a rpAcioiu mui cunvcnifnt ^\\\^f, lirlonff- inf to th« cit^r of Enrtri , nf which thil tovrn ii th** port, \foft of Ihr iiihthil* ant* »rt rniploycd in thi* (liippinK huH* n"ri. It i« icAtrd at the h^ad of the rftuary of the Kx, 5 m 11 Exeter, anil 1 7n tw (y a calHc. Ifrro it a (irrrk convi*ntt in th« r'>i'(t Nv)(r. Here the prince of Orange landed in i6flB, when he cam*" from Holland, to prHerve the country from popery and arbitrary [>jwcr. The • point, Bt-rry head, it in on. ^ xt w, l.lt. jO 24 N. Torbia, a town of Piedmont, in the county of Nice. Hire ii an ancient Gothic tower, and in the environn arc many remaina of Roman munumcnti. It is 7 m B Nice. TorboU, a town of Italy, In Trentino, 14 m SE Trent. Torettlot a town of Italy, on a fmall in.tnd of the fame name, in the Rulf of Venire. It hai feveral churches, and an elegant nunnery ; and it 7 m N Venice. 'J'orJa, or Torenburjf, a town of Tran- fylv.'.nia, famoua for ita falt-work«, 15 m wNW Claufcnburg, and 48 nw ^Kt- ir..ui(ladt. TorJf/Uas, a town of Spain, in Leon, with a palace, where queen Joan, mother of Charles v, ended her melancholy days. It ia Icated on the Donro, 15 m 8w Vallndolid, and 7.S ssK Leon. Torfe, a town of Hindoolt.in, capital of n circar in Bengal. Iti8 735mwNw Calcutta. Lon. 84 55 *=» lat 23 3^ "• 'J'orello, a town of Spain, in ('ata- lonia, where a battle was gained iiy the French over the Spani.irda, in 1791. It 18 feated near the mouth of the Ter, 19 n> E by s Gironna, and 60 ne Barce- icnn. Torgau, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifoia, with a eaftlc It is noted for TOR weellfnt beer, and hi» rT.aniifa/>tire«ni lilk and cloth. Hrrr the kinx of I'rulTl i obtained • great vidlory over iht Auf< trian* In \yf\n. ti Hand* among gfo«r« and Ukc*. on thf river Kllx', 11 m mi Wittcnbertf, and ill unw Meifrcn. Lon. I J \ %, lat. 51 it N. Ttrigny^ a town of France, in tlie department of Manch<>, with a caftir, 7 m •• .St. I'O' Tormti, a river of Spiin, which rifci in the mountalni of Avda, in Canilr, pafTn by Alva. Torme«, and Salam incA. and joint the Douro, below Mirande de D.)uro. Torna, a town of Hungary, capital of II county of the fame name, with a c«ftlr. Ft II Ceatcd on an eminence, hy the river Sayo, aa m w CalTovia. Lon. ao 4) R, lat. 4I 50 N. Tornta, a river of Sweden, which rifei on the bnrderi of Norway, formt a lakr of the fame name, and llowi a a into tbr gnlf of Htithnia, at Tornea. Tornea^ a IV'aport of Sweden, In W Bothnia, with a good harbour. It iia place of fomir trade, for the I^apljitdfri in thofe uartt come and exchange their fkint and other article! for what they want. The hnufet are low, and the cold f>f ievere, that lomctimet people fofe their ftngeri and toci. In the vici' titty it an entire muuniain of iron orr It it feated on the river Tornra, at tin N extremity of the gulf of Bothnia, 16', m NK Uma. Lon. 34 11 c, lat. 6j 51 n Toro, a town of Spain, in Leon, feat- ed on a hill, l)y the river Dniiro, ovrr which it n bridge, ae n\ ene Zanooru, and .^o NNE Salamanca. fororit a town of European Turkey, in Macedonia, fitiiatcona neck of land between the gulfs of Monte Santo and Caifandra, 90 m sb Salonisa. Lon. 14 10 r, lat. 39 ;8 K. Torifucy, a village in Devonfliire, near the N fide of Torbay, 7 m se Newton Bulhel. It has a neat range of buildingi for fommer vifitort, who may here en- joy convenient bathing and a lomantic iitualion. Near it in a fingubr cavern called Kent»-hole, which iifull 20 yard* long, and in no part more than au feet high. Tor/fufmada, a town of Spain, in Leon, It-ated on the Arlanza, 14 m t by N Palencia. Torre del Greco, a town of Naples, ir. Terra di Lavoro. It was deftroycd by an eruption of Vefuvius in 1631 ; and by another \n 1794. It Oands on the lava that covers the former habitations, and on the bay of Naplet, j m se of that city. T4rrt it M»in»rv4, a town of Pt>r> filial, in Tr4 !<>• Motilrt, lnrtouiul^U by A wall, .ind (tclrtutctl by « iuniun 4ii>l 4 (-«m<'t a ; m »• Mtr.trulrU, ami 4 1 ««w HrdKJiir.4 /•rr# ir Afi Sa/inaj, a town of Spain, in V.tlmcU, iu'4r thr ctxid of thr Mr* 4ilcrrjrie«ni which cirriet uri 4 Knat trado in ikttt prrH'urvd from 11 tiiijll Ulte formed l>y fillnr' fpririt;* I'hiii it the molt conlidi t^blr l.il(-worl( iti »lt tipiin. It ii 10 m »t. OngucU, and j; KMB Cdtihagcna, Tttffto, a town of Spain, in Kew Caitilc, I j m « Mad I id' Ttrrttmitha, A town of S^,iin, in Ei> ircciadbra, 10 ni > !>/ w Mfrida. 1'orra, ■ town of Spaiii, in Granada. liMtcd on the Mcditcrkaaratii 45 m »w (inntih. Torrti Sov0t, a town of Portugal, in Ellrcmadura, with a caftl«i fcmcd in a fertile plain, ]6 m n by »^ S^ntaren. 'Vorrn Vedrat, a town ut Portugal, in Kitremadura.with a ciillle((lrongly f«at* ed near the Atlantic, a; m n Lifbon. TorrtitimtHOt a town of 8pain, in An* JaluQa, 9 m w by N Jten. TorrUjft, a river in Dcvunlhire, which rifei ua the i'ummit of a high moor, within a few yardsi of tht* fourcc of the Tamar, not far from the BriAol chan- nel. It Rows ti. to Uatherly, and thvn receiving the Oak from ()akh.impiun, turiii fhort to the n, and pifKng by Torringtun and Hiddeford, enter* the Briitol channel, at fiarnlLble bay. Torriglia, a town of the territory of Genoa, 14 m nk Genoa- Torr$nfft$H, a town in Devonfhire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. Jt hai two churches, a ma- nutadure of ftufTs, and fome rem.iins ofacaille. It isft-atrdon theTorridge, It m t by w Barnftablc, and 194 w by s London. Torjhtk, a town of Ruflia, in the go- vernment of Tver. The inhabitants chicHy fublift by the fale of very neat articles made of red, yi;llow, and green Turkey leather- It is featcd on the Tverza. 38 m nw Tver. Torjhallat a town of Sweden, in Su- dermania, on the river that flows from the lake Hielraar to the Maelar, near its entrance into the latter, 53 m w by k Stockholm. Tartth, the principal of the Virgin iflandt, in the W Indies, 18 m long and 7 broad. It belonged to the Dutch, who built a ilrong fort, from which they were expelled by the Englilh in 1 666. k producea exceUent cottoo, fugar, and TOR rum. Thtf harboar is at the 1 end of the ilhnd. f.on. ij o w, lat. il 1 j ». 'i'vriotKi, a town ut Italy, in Miiaiiefc, with A good citadel on an cminrnvc It was taken by tl.c allies tu 1744. by the Spinur.lit in it^j, by ibr Frrnch la 1796, by (he K.illt.vtt jnd Aurtn.ins in tm^, and rcgat.ud by the I'rcnch th« fan»c year. It is leated on the Scrivia, 4' m » by w Milan. Lon. jl a, lat. 44J4 w. T«rtorti/a,»town of N.iples, in Prio* cipito Ciita, ) m MK P(ilic4(tn>. Tortfiti^ a town of Sicily, in Val dl Dimona. i,j m tw Pattl. '/'oricjii, « ctty «»f Spain, In Caulonia, and a bifhop's fee, with a univrrAty and a cit.ulel. It is divided into the old and iicw town, both fuiroundid by modern fortifications. I'he mtrMnco is over a large bridge of boats, on the river £bro, whofe head is fortified. It has a great number of churches and religious houfci ; among which the ca- thedral, the royal college of Domini- cana, and the convent of the ('armelltes, are the moll r«markable. It is fituate in a country fertile in corn and fruit» and abounding with quarries und mines of filver, iron, alab.iftei-, jafper of di»er» colours, and (hines with veins uf gold. Here is a great deal of lilk and oil, und very fine pt)ttcru ware, which refemblea porcelain. In iHi 1 itfurrendcred to the French. It is ftatcd p.irtly on a plain, and partly uti a bill, 48 m sw Tarra* gonu,and 96 sk SaragolFa. Lon.o 35 E« lat. 40 48 N. 7'or/o/a,a town of Syria, with acaftle. It is lurrounded by lofiy walls, .ind ftands near the Mediterranean, 35 m NNK Tripoli. Tortiif, or Tortu/fa, an iiland of ihe W Indies, near the N coall of Hifpa- niola, fo named from the great number of tortoifes found on fttid near it. Here the Fn-nch bucanieri ufed to fortify theini<.-lves. It il 20 m long and 4 broad ; the N fule is mountainous, and abounds in wild boars, but the s is very fertile. The chief place iiCayona, de- fended by a fort ; and it has a iafe har> bour, At for large veilcli. Lon. 7a 44 w, lat. ao 4 N. Tortuj^Of or Sal Torluga, an uninha- bited ifland near the coaft of Terra Fir- ma, 60 m w of the ifland of Margaretta, and about 26 in circuit. There are a few goats on it; and the tortoifes come upon the fandy banks to lay their egga. At the E end is a large i'alt pond, where the fait begins to kern in April ; and for fomu month! after (hips come bcre to lade i'alt. At tlie .vr end in a rmull harbour wiih frefti water. Lon. 65 a6 w, Ut. II 6 N. f'J'oja,n feaport of Spain, in C»taloni;«, on a b:iy that forma a good harbour. It ii budt pa*'tly on a pUin, and partly on a itfep hill that proUds into the feu. On the lop of the liill is a ftrong cita- del, with othi-r fortifications. It is 37 m NE Barcelona. Lon. a 54 £, lat. 41 4* N Tojcaaella, a town of Italy, in the patrimony of St. Peter, 35 m n Rome. To/ena, Aiown of Sw»;den, in W Goth- land, 20 m vv N \v Uddevalla. Toj.oi a town of Afiatic Turkey, in >Iatolia,wiih leveralhandfomemofques; fcated on the lide of a hill, «5 m ne An^ura. Tojjot a town of Sweden, in W Goth- land, 4s m NNE Uddi'valla. Toji, a town of Silefi.i, in the princi- pality of Oppeln, with a cattle, 25 in USE Oppelii. Tojler, or Sujhr, a city of Pt rfia, ca- fiital of Kufiftaii, on the rivir Karoon. t was once a celebrated city, where the kings of Pcrlia had a magnificent palace- In fcripture it ib called Shuihan, and the river is named Ulai. The houfeb are good, and principally built of ftone, but the ftrcets are narrow and dirty. The ir." abitants, Perfians and Arabs, exceed 15,000} and they have manufaftiires of filks, ftuffs, .ind rich cloths. It isigom W3W Ifpahan. Lon. 48 58 e, lat. 31 40 N. Toinefs, a borough in Devonlhire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Saturday, and « nianufadture of ferges, &c. It had formerly a cattle and walls, and two gateways are yet ftanding. It is leated on the fide of a hill, by the river Dart, 27 m sw Exeter, and 196 w by s London. Toitenhanii a village in Middlefex, 5m N London. Here are three almf- houfes ; one of them founded in 1596 by Balthazar Zanches, who was con- fectioner to Philip 11 of Spain, and the firft who exercifed that art in this country. Tottinf[ton, a town in Lancafliire, noted for its trade and manufadlures. The inhabitants were 5917 in 181 1. It IS 4 m wNw Bury. TouU 3 fortified town of France, in the department of Meurte, and lately a bittiop 8 fee. The cathedral and iate epifcopal palace are bandfome ftruc- tures. It 19 feated on the Morelle, in a plain almoft furrounded by mountains, j(3 m w by s Nancy > aod 34 W8W Metz. TOU Toutoniha, a town and fortrefs of Ilin. doottan, in the province of Monliuii, feated on the Ranvee, 50 mENiiMoiillan. Toulon, a fortified city and feaport of Fr.mce, capital of the department of Var, and lately an cpilcopal lee. It is divided into the old and new quarttr: the firft, which is ill built, has n(>thiiif> remarkable in it but the Rucanx Arbrcs (a kind of mall) and the townhouft; the other contains the magnificent works conftrn Val di Ma TRA ilt«, Sociniani, Arminians, Grcf^Vs, nnd Mohamedans. The governmen, isarif- tocratical ; and. fince the yeai 17 22, rendered hereditary to the priiiti ; and priricefles of -the houfe of Auftria. ilcr- manftadt h the capital. Trapani, a feaporton the nw point of Sicily, ill Val di Mazara, with a llrong fort. It has an fxcttllent harbour in the form of a (ickle, wht-nce it,s ancient name Drepaiium ; and is a tradini; place, famous for falt-works, and Hlheries of tunnies and coral. It is 28 in n Ma- zara, and 56 vv Palermo. Lou. is 38 E, lilt- 38 10 N. Trarbachf a town of France, in the department of Rhine and Mofelle, late- ly of Germany, in the circle of Upper Rhine. Ithasa tortrefaon a mountain, which was taken by the Frcncli in 1794. It is fcated on the Mofelle, 47 m w by s Mentz. Lon. 7 6 e, lat. 41; 58 n. Trafmaur, a town and calllc of Anf- tria, leatcd on the 'I'ralen, near its con- flux with the Danube, iz m w Tnln. Trau, a Itrong leaport of Dalinatia, and a biihop's fee. It is ieated on the gulf of Venice, in a fmall ifland. joined to the mainland by a long bridge of wood, and to the ifle of Bua by another of Itone, 27 msE Sebenicc Lon. 17 52 z, lat. 44 o N. Travancere, a prowince of the penin- fula of Hindooftan, extending along the cnaft of Malabar from Cape Comorin to the province ot Cochin, 140 m in lengthi by 70 in breadth at the n extre- mitjr, and contradting gradually to the ii point. It is fubjVdt to a rajah, who is anally tc the £ngli(h. Travancore, a town of Hindooftan, capital of the province of the fame name. It is fuirounded by ftrong and extenlive lines, 1 10 m ssw Madura, and 230 ssE licut. Lon. 77 15 e, iat. 825 N. Travtt a river of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Holftein, which flows by Segeberg, Oldeflo, and Lubec, and en- ters the Baltic, at Travemunde. Travemunde, a ftrong town of Lower Saxony, in tht^ duchy of Holftein, feat- ed on the Baltic, at the mouth of the 'i ••;. It is the port of Lubec, to wh.j.i it belongs, and is 1% m nb of that city. Travers, a town of Swiflerland, in the territory of A>f euchatel, 1 1 m w Neurhatel. Traunjiein, a town and caftle of Ba- varia. Great quantities of . It are made hert, from water brought 14 m over mountains, by means of engines and pipes, from Keicbenhall. It is featcd ,TRE on the river Traun, 16 m www Sa!«- bur^. 'Iratitenau, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Konigingratz, 21 m n Koiit- gingratz. Trayguera, a town of Spain, in Va- Kiicia, 30 m sw Tortofa. Trebbin, a town of Brandenburg, in thf Middle mark, 22 m ssw Herlin. Trebia, a river of Italy, which riics in the territory of Genoa, flows by Bobiu in Milnnefe, and joins the Po, above Piacenlia. Trebigna, a town of Turkifli Dalma- tin, and a bifliop's fee; Icatt-d oh tlic Kulf of Venice, at the mouth of the Trebenflca, 14 m n Ragufa. Trebifacc'iaf a town ot Naples, in Ca- labria Citra, on the gulf of Tareiito, 10 m KNK CfllFano. Trebifond, a feaport of Afiatic Tur- key, in Uoum, and a Greek archbifliop'a lee. The walls are fquare and high, with battlements; and arc built with the ruins of ancient ftrudures, on whicU are infcriptions not legible. The town is not populous, fur it includes many gardens, and the houfes are but one ftory high. The caltle is feated on a. flat rock, with ditches cut in it. The harbour is at the t end of the town, ami the mole built by the Genjife is almoft dellroyed. It (hinds at the foot of a very fteep hill, on the Hlack fea, 104 m NW Erzerum, and 160 ene Tocat. Lon. 39 30 G, lat. 41 o n. Trebitz, a town of Moravia, with ma- nufadures of cloth, iron, and glafs; feated on the Ighi, 21 m se IgUu. TrebnitZt a town of Silclia, in the principality of Oels, with a Ciftercian nunnery, 12 m n Breflau. Treb/en, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia, feated on the Mulda, 14 m c by s Leipzic Treffurty a town of Germany, in Lower Hefle, with a caftle, A^ted on a hill, near the Werra, 36 m ese Caflel. Tregaron, a town of Wales, in Car- diganihire, with a market on Thurfday ; feated on a branch ot the Tyvy, 15 m 8 by E Aberyftwith, and 204 \v by M London. Tregony, a borough in Cornwall, go- verned by a mayor, with a market on Saturday ; feated on the Pale, 6 m b Truro, and' 253 w by & London. Treguiert a leaport of France, in the department of Cotes du Nord, and late- ly the fee of a biftiop. It is fcated on a peninfula, ne^r the Englifti channel, 22 m NW St. Brieuc. Lon. 3 13 w, lat. 48 47 N. TR fc: Trelteborjf, a town of Sweden, in !Schnncn, feated on the Oaltic, a6 m a Li)i)d. Treme/att, or TUm/nn, a city of Al- giers, in the province of Mafcara, fur- roiindud by ftronn walls, and iiihabittd by poor Ara')8, Moors, and Jews. In the time of the Arahs, it was the rcfi- dence of powerful princes ; but is now dwindled to a fifth part of tlit- ancient city. Its once nouriiliing manuf.i^uri'3 of carpets an m n Balaguer. Trer{fc/iin, a town of Hungary, cap', tal of a county of its name, wit' an an- cient caftle on a rock. It has celebrated hot baths, and is feated near the Waag, 70 m NNE Prefburg. Lon. 18 e, lat. 4858 N. Trent, a principality of Germany, lately a bifhopric, in the s part of Tyrol, among the Alps, bounded by Tyrol Proper, and the territories of Venice. It produi-es excellent wine. Trent, a fortified city, capital of the principality of Trent, with a handlbn.e caftle, a cathedral, three parifh-churches, a college, and fonie convents. It is fa- mous in ch'trch hiftory for a celebrated council, which was held from 1545 to 1563. This city was feveral times in the hands 01 the French during the late war. It is fituate between two moun- tains, on the river Adige, 67 m nw Ve- nice. Lon. 10 55 K, lat. 46 2 N. Trent, a river that rifes in Stafford" fliire, from three fpringa to the w of Leek, and flows se through the county to the sw borders of Derbyshire, where it receives the Tame. It then takes a NE direftion, between the two counties, till it receives the Dove, when it enters Derbyfliire, croffes the s angle, and forming, for a fliortfpace, its reparation from the counties of t.eicefter and Not- tingham, it enters the latter county at the sw extremity ; thence crofling ob- TRE liquely to the b, it flows ulnng the whol( eaftern lide, forming, toward the n part, the boundary between that county and liinrolnihire, a co.ner of which it croflei, and, below Gainiborou^'h, meeti the Oule on the borders of Vorkdiirf, where their united Itream forms the Humbcr. This river is of itielf navj. gable from Burton in Stafford (hire; and by canals it has a communication with the Merfey, the Severn, and the Thames. Trent, a river of N Carolina, which runs into the Neus, at Newbeni, where it is three quarters of a mile broad. Trenton, a town of New Jerfey, in Hunterdon county, and the capital of the flate. Here are four edifices for public worfliip, and a flourifhing aa- lii'my. It is feated on the Delaware, oppofite the falls of that river, ^4 m ne Philadelphia. Lon. 74 ,5ovi/, lat. 40 :5 n. 7/vn/ow, a town of N Carolina, chief of Jones county. It ftands on the river Trent, 18 m sw Newbern. Trenton, a town of the diftrift of Main, in Hancock county, oppoliie the N end of Mount Defert ifland, 30 m ENK Calline. Treport, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Seine, feated on the Englifh channel, at the mouth of the Brefle. It is the port for the town of Eu, nearly % m diftant, and is 17 m N K Dieppe. Trepto, a town and caftle of Hither Pomerania, in the duchy of Stettin, on the river Tollenlee, and frontiers of Mecklenburg, 25 m N New Strelitz. Trepto, New, a town of Furiher Po- merania, with manufactures of flock- ings and woollen fluffs, feated on the Regn, near its mouth in the Baltic, 16 m F.NK Camin. Trejhanijh Jjles, four fertile iflands on the w coafl of Scotland, between the iflands of Gotland Mull. Treuenbrietzer,, a town of Branden- burg, in the Middle mark, 20 m s Bran- denburg. Treves, or Triers, a late archbiflu ;)ric and eledt orate of Germany, in the cir- cle of Lower Rhine ; bounded on the N by the ele(ftorate of Cologne, R by Weteravia, s by the palatinate of the Rhine and Loirain, and w by Luxem- burg. It is 100 m in length, but the breadth is very different. There are many mountains and forefls; but near the Rhine and Mofelle the foil is fruit- ful, abounding in corn and wine. A fmall part of thif territory lies on the e fide of the Rhine, and in 1800 was given as an indemnity to the prince of NafTau- Weilburg; b,ut the principal part, wof TRE the Kbinet was annexed to France, and is included in the departments of Rhine and Mofcile, and Sarre. Treves, or Trier., a city of France, capital of the dt'oartment of Sarre, and a biftiop's fee ; huely a city of GcrnriHiiy, and capital of nii archbilhopric of ilip fame name. It has a caftlc, a univerlity, numerous remains of antiquities, and many fine churches and palaces ; hut has greatly I'uffercd by war, and is now neither large nor populous. It is fcated on the Molt-lle Cover which is a haud- fome bridj^e) between two mountains, covend with vineyards, lo m ne Lux- emburg, and 55 H by E Cologne. Lon. b ^'i, y:, lat. 49 47 H. Trev't, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Spoleto, la m N by w Spoleto. 'Irev'ico, a town of Napifs, in Prin- cipato Ultra, 15 m t; Beneventfi. Trtvier de i'ourtes, St. a town of Fiance, in the department of Ain, 20 m NNvv Bourg en Bn.'fle. Trevkr en Jiombes, St. a town of F""^.;e, in the department of Aiiir, j8 m sw Bourse en lireiFe. Trevigiio, a town of Italy, in Milanefc, 17 m ENii Milan. Trevino, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, with a citadel, feated on a hill, near the river Aguda, 10 m s Vittoria. Trevi/ano, a province of Italy, in the territory ot Venice ; bounded on the w by Vicentino, n by Feltrino and Bel- lunefe, E by Friuli, and s by the gulf of Venice, Dogado, and Paduano. The foil is fertile, and produces corn, wine, and wood ; and the exports are cattle, filk, and woollen eloth. Trevifo is the capital. Trevifo, or Tre-vigio, a fortified city of Italy, capital of Trevifiuo, and an archbilhop's fee. It had formerly a univerfity, which was transferred to Padua. It is the refidence of many noble families, and feated on the Sile, at the influx of the Plavefella, 18 m NNW Venice. Lon. ij 18 e, lat. 45 44 N. Trevoux, a town of France, in the department of Ain, and before the re- volution the capital of the principality of Dombes. The mofl remarkable buildings are the ancient mint, the late parliament houfc, the governor's houfe, and the printing-office. The latter is celebrated for the Literary Journals compofed by the jefuits of the college of Louis le Grand. Trevoux is ieated on the fide of a hill, by the river Saone, 12 m N Lyon, and 188 s by e Paris. Lon. 451 E, lat. 45 54 N. 'I' R I per IIi'fTe, I'eatfd ie«r(:(t f.irm village! are upward of 12 m, from which the inhabitants arc Tup- plied with provirioni< The harbour ia defer ded by two forts, Trincomule and Oftt'iiburg, the laR built upon a clitf, projcdirig 150* p.ices into the fca. TSe town occupies more ground than Co- lumbo, but contains a much fmallcr Dumber of houffs, and of an inferior appearance. The circumference within the walls is about 3 m, but in this fpuce id included a riling point, immediately over the fca, covered with thick jungle. Trincomale was ta^en from the Dutch, by the Engli/li, in 1782; retaken by the French the fame year ; reftored to the Dutch by the peace of 1783; and again takm by the Englifh in 179^. It ftands on a fpacious oay of the fame name, 100 m nnk Candy. Lon. 81 25 E, hit. 8 32 N. Tringt a town in Hcrtfordlhire, with a market on Friday^ fixated near the Grand Jundion canal, 22 m w Hert- ford, and 31 WNw London. Trinidad, an ifland on thu N E coaft of Terra Firma, feparated from Paria on tile s, by a channel about ro m wide, and from Cumana on the w, by the gulf of I'aria. it is 8* m long and 50 broad ; produces fugar, cotton, maize, fine to- bacco, cocoa, indigo, and fruit; and has abundance of fine timber trees. Many trees brought from the £ Indies and Otalieite alio Rourilh here; and cinnamon ia become abundant. The lake Brea, or of pitch, is a wonderful phenomenon ; it covers about 150 acres, and is capable of fupplyin^ all the dock- yards of Great Britain. '1 his iCand was taken, in 159?, by fir Walter Ralegh, and in i6;6, by the French, who plun- dered and left it. In 1797, it was cap- tured by the Englifii, and afterward ceded to ihem by the treaty of Amiens. The capital is St. Jofeph. Trinidad, a city of New Spain, in the province of Guatimala, near the head of a bay of the Pacific ocean. It is a place of great trade, its port, called Acajutia, being the ncareft landing to Guatimala, for all merchandife that comes from Mexico and Peru. The city is 4 m from the port, and no £se Guatimala. Lon. 90 20 w, lat. 13 46 K. Trinidad, a town of New Spain, in Veragua, near the mouth of a river that enters the t'aribean fea, 20 m ese Con- ception. Lon. Hi 23 w, lat. 8 40 n. Trinidad, a Tea port of Cuba, in a bay on the s part of the ifland. In 18 12 the town was almoft deftroyed by a hurri- TIll cane; feverat (hips in the harbour ^rrc funk, and others driven on (horc. It i^ 40 m 8W Spiritu Santo. Lon. 80 1 w, lat- : I 48 N. Trinidad, a town of N^w Granad;!, featcd on the Madalena, roail cloth and kcilcymeri'. TJie number o( inhabit- aniH w:i9 5799 in i8oi, and ^075 in 181 1. It ia Icated nn a hill, by the river VVcrf, 23 m 3VV Marlborough, and 99 vv London. Trot/, a town of New York, the largcfb in Renifelaer county, and a pl.ice of con- lidcrable trade. It hands on the u fide of the Hudfon, 3 m s Laniinbnrg- 'Troyeiy a city of France, capital of the departnit^nt of Aube, and a bilhop's lee, with a caltle, in which the ancient counts of Champagne relided. It is liirrounded by good walla ; but almoft ;ill the houles are of wood, and good water is wanting. The comnnerce, once very flourilliing, now cotififts only in liime linens, dimities, fultians, w.ix- ciiandlery, candles, and wine. It is iLated on the Seine, a8 m e by n Sens, and H; SE Paris. Lon. 4 5 E, lat. 48 18 n. Trunst a town of Swillerland, in the c.inton of Grilbns, fealed on the Rhine, 7 m w Ihntz- TrurOf a borough in Cornwall, go- Ti'rned by a mayor, with a market on Wednelday and S»turday. The liim- iner aflizes are held here and at Bodmin alternately. Ii is a ftannary town, and the chief bufinefs is in (hipping tin and Cupper ore, found in abundance in its neiglibonrhood. Here, after the battle of Nafeby, the force? of Charl»*s i, under lord Hopi'ton, I'uncndirtd to general Fairfax. Truro is leated between the rivers Kenwyii and St. Allen, at the head of Falmouth haven, 10 m n Fal- montl), and 357 w by s London. Truro, a town of Nova Seoiia, in Ha- lifax county, at the head uf a narrow gulf in the bay of Fundy, 40 m n by w Halifax. Truro, a filhirg town of i.!rflachufctts, TSC in narn(l.il)le county, on the K part of the peninfula of Cape Cod, 9 m » IVg. vineetown. 'I'rujtH/o, a town of Spain, ii EHk. madura, with a citadel on the tup of j hill. It is the birthplace of the notM Francis Pizarro, and fituate nn the lidr of a hill, near the river Magafea, 70 m NE Mad.ijoz, and 90 hw Toledo. Lon. 5 41 w, lat j9 a6 N. TruxWo, a city and feaport «)f IVru, in the audience of Lima, and the fee of a bilhop. It was built by Pi/arro, in •553. anil its territory abounds in corn, wine, olives, and fugar. It is lurruuiidt'd by a wall, and Icatcd in a fine plain, on a fin ill river, near the Pacific ocean, joo mNwLima. Lon. 78 5.^ w, lat. 8 8 5. Truxii/o, a feaport of New Spain, ia Honduras, on the gulf of tint name. U (lands 3 m from the fea, between two rivers, tht; mouths of which, and feme iflands before them, form the harljour, which is the principal one on thiscoaft. It is 140 m N I'. Valladolid. Lon. 86 jo w, hi. 15 46 N. Trusillo, A town of Terra Firma, in Venezuela, with a trade in goat and ftieep Ikins, cheefes, and wool. It is fituate on a river that flows to the lake Marac.Tybo, 130 in » by e Vtntzuda. Lon. 70 15 w, lat. 8 35 n. Tjhnad, a town of Hungary, on the river Maios, 33 m e by s Se^edin. Tjcherkajk, the capital ot the tern- toiy of the Don CoITacs, with a gymna- lium or uiiiverfity. It is fituate on an ifland formed by the Don, and fo intn- feifted by the river and numerous canals, as to bear fome refemblance to Vf mirricd womtfn is tucked under thii iip, which ii covered with pearti and fo\t\t or adorned with Howers. The girls wear a filk tunic, with trowferii t'jllentd by a girdle of Iblid iilvcr, yel- low boots, and an Indian kerchief round the head. Both fexcs are addicted to in- toxication, but this is generally at home, as they are aihamcd of its conCequences king publicly fecn. The town Itands on the N lidcof the main dream of the ri vi.t, 40 m ENE Afoph, and 340 s by e Vo- ronetz. Lon. 39 56 r, lat. 47 4 v. Tji/iernafiora, a town of .NIoravia, in the circle of Brin, with a caflle on a mountnint 13 m nnw Brin. Tfchernemty a town of Germany, in Carniola, with a caflle, and a com- mandery of the Teutonic order, 33 m %?. Laubach. Tjifiirne, a town of Sllcfia, in the principality of Glogau, with a caQle, and good cloth manufudlures, az m bn e Glogau. '[fchopaut a town of Upper Saxonv in Mifnia, celebrated for its blue manu faifturc; ieated on a river of the fame name, 7 m se Chemnitz. TJhttJhtn ; fee Kifti- Tfiampa \ fee Ciavipa- Tft-Hattt a city of China, capital of Chang-tong. It was once the relidence of a long feries of kings, whofe tombs, riling on the neighbouring mountains, afford a beautiful profpei^):. It is feated rin the river Tfi or Tling-ho, 230 m s by B Peking. Lon. 117 25 e, lat. 36 46 N. T/i-ning, a city of China, of the fe- coiid rank, in Chang-tonjr, fituatc on the Grand canal, 175 in s Peking. Lon. 116 24 E, lat. 35 24 N. Tfm'tcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in Chang-tong, 250 m ssE Peking. Lon. 119 a E, lat. 36 40 n- Tftng-mingf an ifland of China, 15 m long and 10 broad, lying at the mouth of the Kian-ku, and feparateU from the province of Kiang-nan by two chan- nels, 13 m broad. The principal reve- nue arifes from fait, which is made in fuch abundance, on the n fide of the iflandi that it cant fupply mofl of the T II D nrtghbouring cnuntricJ. It contain* only one city, of the lliird cl.tln, but village* are very nuineroui. The coun- try in deliKhiful, and inurli .it«'d by many canal". IMic city, of th. fitme name, it fituatc .It the kh end. Lon. 141 53 k, l.u. 30 15 N. Tj'ongradt a town of llnngary, capital of a county of the fame uami't feaicd on the TeilFi', oppolite ihc infiux of the Koroi, 26 m N Sc^cdin. Tiiatn, a city of Ireland, in the county of Galway, and an arohbilhop'a ice, though now a Anall place. The ci- thedral (crves as a parifh churcli. It is ao m NNE Galwuy. Lon. 9 16 w, lat. 53 j6 n. 'Julian^ one of tin* ftrongoil towns of Java, with .1 harbour, and a king of its own. It is li.'ated on the N fide of the ifiand. Lon. 111 51 k, lat. 6 o s. Tuiingeti, a town of Siiabiu, in tlie dncliy of WirtcmlMjrg, withac<'lebraicd univerfity, and a fortified cafile on u mountain. Mere are good llutf' manu- factures ; and in the townhoufe is a curious c1oc:k. It is feated on the Ncckar, in a country abounding in corn utid wine, 2o m s Siutgard, and 50 e by .s Stralburg. Lon. 9 10 k, lat. 48 32 w. 'J'ucuw/in, an oxienfive country of S Ameilca, lying v. of the Andes, between Peru and Chiii on the w, und Chaco and Paraguay on the e. It is 1000 m in length, .ind 400 where broadeft. — Many rivers water this country, all which, with the exception of two, after having run many leagues, difappear, forming lakes or lofing themfelveo in the earth. The n part is intermixed with mountains, plains, and vallie», producing abundance of feeds, plants, and fruits of all kindb; alfo tobacco, cotton, and fine timber, the laft of which is a great nrticle of trade to Peru and Paraguay. The s part is an im- menfe plain, almoft without a tree ; the foil a deep fertile mould, watered by many ftreams from the Andes, and clothed in perpetiia4 verdure. In this rich pafturagc, the horfes and cattle imported fioin Etirope have multiplied to an almofl incrtdible degree; and hence Peru is fupplied with cattle, horliis, and mules, and immenfe num- bers of hides arc exported to Europe. This country is in the juril'dis'tinn of the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres. St. Michael \s the capital. Tucui/o, a town of Terra Firma, In Venezuela, on a river of the lame name, Co m E Truxillo. Tudela, a town of Spain, in Navarre, with a caftle. A battle waa fought here. W •f- TITL In tloB, hetwfcn the Spanl«rd at the conflux of the Ivcrza and Volga, along which is conveyed all the merchandifi; fent by water from Sihrri.i, and the 9 provinces, toward Peterfburg. It ii divided into iht? old and new town : the former, fitiia»c on the right bank of the Volga, confilts atmoft fntirely of wooden cottagcN ; the latter having been deftrnyud by a confl igration, in r763, has rilen with luilre from itsafhes. Catherine 1 1, at her own expenfe, raifed t'»e povcrnor's houfe» tfic epifcopal pa- 1 ice, the courts of jnftice, theexchangCy tlie prifon, 4nd Tome other public edi- fices. The ftreets are broad and long } rxtending, in ftraight lines, from an oc- tagon in the centre : the houfen of this Tiftagon, and of the principal ftrcets, are of brick, ftnccoed white, and make a mngnificent appearanc:'. Here is an ecclefiallical femiuary, which admits 600 (liidt-nts. In 17/6, the emprefs founded a fchnol for the inftrudtion of aoo burgers' c'aildren ; and, in 1779, an academy for ihc education of i 20 of the young nobility of the province. — Tver contains upward of 15,000 inha- bitants, and Is too m nnw Mofcow. Lon. 36 5 E, lat. 567 N. Tuggurt, a town of Barbary, capital of a country lying s Algicr*.. It is 310 m ssE Algxrs. Lon. 5 50 e, iat. 3a 40 N. Tuggurt, a town of Biledulgerid, ca- pital of a diltri(5t called Wadreag. It is a6om WNW Gademis, and a8o sse Al- giers. Lon. 6 15 E, Iat. ao 35 n. TuJat a government of Ruflia, for- merly a. province of the government of Mofcow. The capital, of the fame name, Til V ^a1m.1n^lfad^ur^•offirl'•nrm^hardwJr^ and leather i and in the vicinity arc rich Iron mines. It U leated on the Uph4, 1 1 j m t by w Mofcow. Lon \j 54 1, Iat 54 to N. Tuhi, a (own of N<*w Spain, in thr f)rovince of Mexico, on a river of the ■me njime, 40 m n by w Mexico. Tulthrat, a town of Sp^iin, in N^. varre, Htuate on ihc ^urios, 7 m w Tudela Tullamore, a town of Irel.ind, In Kirj county, on a river of the f.ime n.nTu-, and near the great can.d, 10 m wbyi Philiptown. Tulle, a town of France, cipital of the ilepaitment of (\»rre7:e, and Utclyj billiop'rt (i'c. The c.ithedral is f.imout for its high and curious Areple. It ii (fated at the conflux of the Corn'/c and Solane, in a country ('urroundecl hy mountains and precipices, )7 m hdi Limoges, and 6x sw Clermont. Lon. I 4> Kflat- 45 lA ^J. Tul/otu, a town of Ireland, in tlir county of Carlow, on the river Slaney, 9 m K by R Carlow. Tuln, a town of Auflria, and a bi> fliop's fee; feated near the Danube, it m WNW Vienna. Tn/Ji, a borough of Ireland, in the county of Rofcommon, 1 1 m n RoI'- common. Tumbfx, a town of Peru, in the jutif- di(*lion of Piura, where the Sp;inianli firft landed in 1526, under Pizarro. It had then a ftately temple, and a paiacir of the incas of the country. It is feated on a river of the fime name, which fluv.-D into the bay of Guayaquil, nom vv Piura. Titmeuru, a town of Htndoof^an, in Myfore, with a well-built fort, and about 60m houles; feated in a tinropcn country, 32 m se Sera. Tuwen, a town of Siberia, in the pro- vince of Tohollk, 150 in wsw Tobollk. Tumi, a town of Napaul, with a cele- brated Icmplt , 6 m ESE Catmandu. Tunbridge. a town in Kent, with a market on Friday, feated on the Tun, one of the five branches of the Medway, over each of which is a (lone bridpi?. Here are the ruins of a large caftle, eret^ed by Rii-hard carl of Clare, na- tural fou of Richard I ; and a famoiii freefchoolj'foundtd by Sir Andrevvjudd, lord' mayor of London, in 1551. It is 12 m wbw Maidllone, and 30 sse Lon- don. Tunbridge Jf'ells, a town in Kent, much relorftd to on account of its cha- lybeate w.it< r«, difcovcred in 1606, by Dudley lord North, who recovered from Tl l,'*rp cortfumptlon It ii hated .It thi- Imi r.dlcd M'Uint S'liii and Mount lMe.1'4111 tcred lt>m' xotnl hot g.vdcnn ■<"«' •♦•'he wiId.«he«l»relof th ,nid pivJtor. ;i|ue 11. \n^\ rcquiliie for il<«' vilitors. with .ichapi mid (hops notetl )«> lury w.ue \ mil'- wi-tU aic »«unc roi part* are 75 (Vei h'j; 40, with liupniing e tttccn th'-m. th.it th .inccof ih.- hulkti of dole together. Tl Tiinbridne, and ^5 Tungi>i/ioi, a to^ on the liUut, fio tn ,o.t 15 ».'•*«• 5' '« Tuuja. a city of pit.d of a dillria ; Nfar it arc niine wool, bees- wax, t; of fruits. The mi abound in filver, mines ; but jealouf der them little i wealth. In the wi are lions, bifons, oft bucks, hares, pheai otheribrtsofbirds of government is b whofe prelident is bers of the divan a The inhabitants an TUN at'-rp co:irumpii«m by ilrliikliip lh- .iiid a h til' tro'fi the* Willi arc lomc rockii, which in litinr part* an* 75 fici hi^'h, thr mniii hcinht 40, with liirpnftiitt rlclta .ind chain)* hv- twccn th-ni. th.it tiny hive the appc.ir .incc of ihi' hulki; of nun of war, ran^'cd clolc together. Th«« town ii 5 in 1 Tiinbriil^i'i and <5 ssk London I'unifi'ijkoi, a town of Kiillia, fituatc on thclitait, 8u in sw Irknilk. Loi>. 10^ 15 ». I.«t. 51 18 V Tunja, a city of N"«'W Oranndn, c«- pital (>!'' a dillri^t of tlir liitnc nanuv Ni'.ir it arc ininrt ot" ^rold .md emerald* ; and the country aliotiiuU in cattit', corn, and fruit ; alfo in faitpctri-, that hfTf ;nv the only in.imit'aiituics of ^,'un- powdir ill thf kin^'doni. The city is urated on an eminence, in a valU-y, 90 m N by K St Fe. I -on 7.1 H w, lat. 5 10 n. 'I'uniiit, a town of VVelhrn Tartary, III Ttirkelian, fcated in a i arf;c plain, on tho river llak. near its cunfltix with the Sirri too m *b Taraz. Lun. 6; 40 K, lat< 4.) ^o N. Tunij, a country of Barbaryi 200 m from N to 8| and no from v. to w; bounded on the k and k by the Medi- terranean, s by Tripoli ^iid Biledul- gtrid, ami w by Algieri. Thii country was formerly a monarchy, but in 1574 it became a n-public, under the protec- tion of the Turks, and paya a cert;jin tribute to the bey who rcfides at Tunis. The foil in the h part is but indifTerent, for want of water. Toward the middle, the mountains and valleys abound in fruit ; but the w pari is the moft fertile, being watered by rivers. T'.e chief produdlions are wheat, barley, oil, wool, bees-wax, tallow, and a variety of fruits. The mountains near Tunis abound in filver, copper, and lead mines ; but jealoufy and indolence ren- der them little Iburces of national wealth. In the woods and mountains are lions, bifons, oftrichcs, monkeys, roe- bucks, hares, pheafants, partridges, and other forts of birds and beafts. The form of government is by a divan, or council, whofe prelidcnt is the bey. The mem- bers of the divan are chofen by the bey. The inhabitants are a mixture of MourS) Ti/n Turks Arabi, Jrw«, and Chrifti^tiT, nurchanti and Hivmi and thrycirry on A BriMt tr.ule in linen and woulirn cbnh, Morocco liMthcr, gold dult, Ifnd, horit-t, oil, lo.ip, und oftnchn r^^% 411^ f.'.uli.Ti The cdablifhed religion it .Mo- h.iriied.iiiifm. All piililic inlli ument* ure writicn in lh»« Arabic t«»nnui', hut com- merce it iifiially carried on by thNt of the Lingua Franca. 'lunij, a city and Ihc . ipitil of thn Country of the fame name, with a cita- del on an ernimiuc, and the fortrefi of Oolrtt.i on the lid** «)f a canal, which i« the grcatcll naval and military depot lielonging to tile b.y The city (lands on the w lide «>f a lli.dlow like, y m in tliameter, which in cnt»riil from the piirf, or b.«y ot (fi)Ultt, by a narrow piir.i^'i' between i!ie pt)iiit of Capr C.iilh.igc and the oppolitc c.ipe. li i« an ubloiig Ic^uare, 5 m in circuit, with a Iijfty w.iil, hvc ^atci. and 55 ntole|uri. The number of inhabitaiitt, mcliuling .^o.ooo Jewt, ii upward of i.p.ojo. Tuni^ id built without any ixytilariy; the ftrects, in general, are narrow ud dirty j and there arc fcv bnildingw of a/iy m.ignilicence, except the great molqiie, the bey't palace, and .1 few others. The lioulet are ail built of Honi', tiiough but one ftory lii^h, and h.ivc fl.it roofi. Near the cciiire of the city in an ex- tenlive piaz/a, which in Ciid formerly to have contained 3000 tradefmen** lliopH. The divan, or council of (late, afTimbles in an old palace, whern the bey formerly relidcd. The Mohatne- daii5 here have niuv collcRes for ftu- dents, and a great number of fmalkr fchools. Tunis is a place of great trade, and has manufat'Uites of velvets, iilks. linen and woollen goods, Hrc armpl«', ilify hflf* no ftirtl hAliiiailoiut Inr t irry mImmU th« Itliuk hm|. hilr Untu tn \«M»h ihi-y lt»'.f"Con>mcin loall wjivteriiiK nnmni ( SrcAt horpUnHty wifiit Ihrir o^u Inmih •rlii*Aiul imlV''rl'.iltN-p ifdntkonahrr)4(l. They rnikc In'-mrtom into PcrA-«, frc- (iiirnily crollitig t^*- wiilf int< rwniug cT> fvft of (jn»l. .mil rurpnrnjr Jind farry- tn,( AW ly. iVotii llK'Ci'iitrcot inwiit ;«!)<1 vi|ing< .1, mi'M, Women, and chiltlrrn> Thrli* c" northwiirJ of Tuicomania are the K.im'.hank>. who Inh.il'it A di iVit, and an- lepoitid i"» b«* mod !• rociouH anti w.irlikf.and hiihrito unconquerd. A'l thtli* inhabit ihe calhrn c alf of th.- Cafpi ui fia. Tutcntie, a town of Trance, in thetb*- pailmcni of Coifozei with u caltic, i6 in sjiw Tiilk* Ttnin, a fmtlfiid city of Picdm.int, latHy tlie rt I len. c of the kin^,' (»f S.tr- diiiii, .ind an aici markable; but /everal of the churches are notrible for their hiagiiitude or their pillarsi, ur the variety of marbles cm- TUR pTuy v! in th mairnIA '•^nt ftnuM't ,, JolnrtI to|fcthcr by.ijf'"tiy, in whi.tl lire I'vverd pifhiri"<, rt«iii««. «mt mn quitki ulf )tr^ It vdiie I h' rimdil || a rrgnUr priaKoii, and dr>m«Mt tl« ltroi)|{rft In I >Topr ( It fonipnlcn*!! an rxlcnflvi- nrtirnal, a can on •o.m,i,.ry^ A chyiiiic< ai>d plantntinn^ th^t rncircled lr, have lately luflirnl hy {■reitch lpoli.ttn)n| together with ih^ chiircluj, pahice, .^jc. N»arihecity, un the bai,k« of the l'<), U tt>^ l)euitihi| cattle ot Vjltittin, ilir KarJrn ot wh ch il applied |.i h' t nilcil (liidivii \\m- Fre icb leP-Vil thin cty In 17. A j but |)iince r.ugene defeated ihiir ai my, aimI compelled tliem 10 raili- thf liejfr. In 171)8 the Firiich repuhlican ;«iMiytnok polVimon of Turin, fri/nlall the Ib.i'^' pl.iceg of Picdmunt, and oblii;pd thi kiti^t 10 retire lo Sardinia. In iff)'), tlir French wen' drivm out hy the Auf. triatin and Uuilin^j but Ihortly aftrr- ward thf city ami ad Piedmont liirrtp. dercd lo the Tn-nch. ' urin in fcbr.; Nw G'lioa, and Ho hw Milan, l.oii ■ 40 I , lat. 43 4 N ■ 'I'lirinjfr, a town of Sweden, in I' • privince of Sudcrnnnland, 34 m wotv tSiocl.holin. Turinji, a town of RtifTia, in lii? gov. rn iient of r.ibolik. with a fort, ly, ni w by s Tobulfk Lou. 63 44 t, bx 'I'litivnciiry, a to.. 11 of Iti'xlooft.ir, in Myl'ere. «-oi filtinn of im outer mc inner fort, llrtjnjjly defended hy a ilitth and mu<; wall, anil ,\\\ open luhiirh at .1 little dilbince. Ib'ie are two Im.ll temples ot curiouH workmaiilhip It is J 4 in s Sfia, .md 50 n SeriiiKapit'tn 'I'uriejhir, a eiMiiitry of Weftniriar. tary, honnded on the N and t hy tht country of the Kalmuci, s by H>iklniw, and w by tie lake Aral. 'The chi»;f ot this coiint'-y 'm j;en»Tally called the klnn of tlic Karakulpaks. 'i'hc c.ip;lal is 'rar.iz. ''.'urtt'/, a largi' empire, txtctided ovci put of Kurnpc, AlVi, .md Africa '\wr- key in Europe i^ bouiulcd on the n liy Croatia, Sclivonia, ilinigary, Tranfil- vania, and Poland, v. by New UuIIm. the Black lea, the fea of Manriora. and the Aichipelago. s by the Mediterra- nean, and w by that lea and the Vene- tian and Anftrian tnritoriea. It con- tains Moldavia, ficllarbin, WuUchi^^ I ^'^^''tn, in ih' "'« 44 tn \>^n ^"Hu, in t!if 'il'ialort, I,, ■ ^1 44 K, U ' Mitulooft.ir, '" outer am. ^''1 •>y .1 ilittr "'II (iihiirli at r*' two lin;!! inaiidiip ft •■riiiK.ipit.tn VV.-dnnTai. ■Hid t |)y th( l>y HoIcIhiih, 1 lie (.•hift 'It ■ c.jllcd the 'iVic capital {tcr.dcd over VfVici. 'lur- (»ii ihf N |»y ry, Tr.inni'. •ririDM, ;iiiL* ■\i«rdiicrrj- .1 the Veiie- 8. It con- Walachi.«; T I H llu1}(*ii«« ScrvU, iIofiii4, part ofCroni'i nritl DAlmtiM, KtinimU, Mnvftoriin, AlbunU. Thrlljly, t.ivttll.i, iin>| Mnrr t. Thcr* coiMliilr* he ht'twc**n 17 irut to I Ion. «ntl i6 4iul 49 N Ui. Tiirkry to Ada ii b«iiindinl t»ii Ih^ w hy ttir Bt^ k III «n>l ( Irtnini, »< liy IVr»l.i. » hy .\r.i bUt anil w hv iNe »\I>'iti .uul thf I'cj (if Mirni'iri. tt lun Umwci-ii S7 and 44 * l«»n- A'kI iH and 4^ n I.1I, unci conliirm t|ii> LMiiiitrlcn u^ Irak, Diirlirk. Ktir>llitaN, Armcitiai K»iiiii, C'ir.tm4iih. N.iI>>Im, ,iiuI Hvri4 In Af- ricj. the Tiirki h.tvf K^ypl, p«ri of Niibi«, .lii'l Ihutt ^tttt the Oitfn of Tripull, Tunis .iikI AlKur-it .iri* titulcr ;bcir pr«(tci'lii»n. Of ihi-fc c<»'imiiii, (which ffc r»«lV«?i*ttvtly) the clunnti*, protlu^iom, m^iHH'in, 5cc. tniift he v.i- tk»i»- I lie 'I'liiUa i\rc f(<-iicrally rolitill, wll lliipoli am! of .1 |;>;o(>(l niicii. They Ih.ive ihv'ir h(.4 of long piecit uf thin linen made up to)rethrr in (i-veral f«ildi. Nu on<- but a i'urk mult pie- fume to wear a white turhiui. Their clotlie'i arc lonn and full They lit, eat, and llr^p on the floor, on cuMii' nt, mattreUti, luul tirpets. Miny of their mainu'M and culiomn ire coiitrnry to the Englifli : they pull olF their (nnei and keep the he. id eoverr«| on entering a n.')ff|ue ; they turn m their toei ; tht y mount on the riftl^t tide of a liotfc; lliey put tluir jfiielta into a room tirft, and out uf it h\(l ; ferve thiinfelves at table III It ; they t^Kr th»- wall, and pifn hiiftily, in fign of rrrp(\'l ; tiny dteni belie.wlinp morr tlifgr.iceful than ftrnii- glhij; ; tiiut their wivcs» propi'rly fo called, aie no more ihku four in number. The fiir fex licre are kept under a rig'Hous cnntinement : the Arabic woul ILnem, which liHiiiticsa Tir n ficml '^f pf^Mlil^rd thJi.jr, li. In lii full. »rt ffnM', iilrit lM>ih nl Ihc hahltaiion of the wu'nrii. tind of the womtn Oum- f< Uf» 'l*he Turku |)«-llevr in on« (i>Ht, u 1(1 that hU grrrai prophet U Vii)Hitn^«i t ihcV »p|)r»»pr».ifr in ih.m(.lve« Ihr iume of Mi.oi'lmm, whieh hi« Ik in cormiit* fd liifo Mnni'lmen, rtgnifjinji iifrlirictr«. judKCS, and tceUli it- tie* 1 he beglerbei'ti or vieeroyit, the li.innwi or j^ovcrnorii. the fanj^iaen or tlepiity-governor;'. and the «»mecr-. of (t.ite, are, in geiieral, the children uf Chriilian parentis, who .ire commonly taken in war, orpurehaled Tht- 'i'urk* have always very numerous arnnes oil fool, the clilt'f of which are tlir janl- faricK, who li ive bi en brttl in tlic le« ra^din, and have u(ed mditary ddeipline l"ri;m their Infancy. Of thtie they • avo always 15,000, and time tn.iy be lio.noo who havf that name. Th«» tributary princ. k, an the priiu'" of Moldavia and Wlaehia, are obiii;(d alio to lend auxiiia>ies. The whole Tin killi army mahis above 300,0 o men. Their navy, which Is laid up at t onft. mtii ople, codills of rdxmi 40 large (hips, but in line of w.ir auxi- liary Ihipn are received fioni Al.'cra, Tuni-J, and Tripo! ; tli'y alio buy up or hire mtichanti lliip«, :Mid thus '..il'e a fleet ufi^jl.ti!, exelulive ot galiies. ConltaiUinopIc ie tin.* cv.pital of all 'i'uikcy. .1 B 7, M T II S Tinkhtitn', fee Durkliim. Tnrhn, a town of Rudla, in tlic go- vcrriincnt of Caiiciili.i, fitiiatc on the Ciifpinn lea, 140 m s Adracun. Lun. 47 ir, K,l,it. 44 T5 w. Ttirnns;nin, Cuf>r, a cape on the v. fide of the n(>rthtTn ifl.iiKl of New Zealand. Lnn. 176 j6 e, lat 40 28 s. Tnrnaut a town of iJohcmia, in the circle of Riint/laii, on the river Ifcr, 1 1 m NNK Jung Butzlau. Titrnhoutf a town of th«^ Netherlands, in Brabant, near which, in 1.1596, prince Maurice of Naflau, with only Koo hoi ie, totally defeated the Spaniards, confifting of 6000. It is 24 m NE Antwerp. Turon, a feaport of Cochinchina, fituate on a bay of the fame name, which affords a liifc retreat for th» largeft fliips in the moft tempeftuous ftafon. In the vicinity are plantations of fiigar-canes and tobacco. Turon is 40 m SE Hue- Lon. 107 40 e, lat. 16 9 M. Tttr/>a Cala, a town of Turkifli Ar- menia, feated near the foot of a high mountain, on the flopc of a conical hill, on the top of which is a ftrong caftle, 100 m KSE Erzerum. Turjhiji ; fee 'lWJ>tz. Turfit an epifcopal town of Naples, in Bafilicata, on the river Sino, 8 m w of the gulf of Tarcnto, and 3osI\Iatera. Lon. 16 32 Eflat. 40 25 N. Tufai a town on the n coaft of Sicily, in Val di Demona, with a ftrong caftle. It is noted for excellent wine and oil, andftand8onahighhill,i5mESECefala. Tufcany^ a country of Italy, lately a grand duchy, belonging to the houfe of Auftria. It is lao m long and 80 broad ; lounded on the n and e by the Eccle- fiaftical State, s by the Mediterranean, and w by that lea, the territory of Lucca, and Modenefe. BeRde this, a fmall part of the duchy, to the nw, is enclofed by the fea and the territories of Genoa, Parma, Modena, and Lucca. Tufcany is divided into three provinces, Florentino, Pifano, and Siennefe. It is watered by feveral rivers, of which the Arno is the chief. There arc feveral mountains, in which are mines of iron, alum, and vitriol ; alfo quarries of mar- ble, alabafter, and porphyry, bcfide hot t.iths and mineral waters. Many parts of i*: are fruitful in corn and wine, and produce plenty of citrons, oranges, pomegranates, and other fruits. Manna is gathered in the marfliy lands near the fea, and the fait pits are rich. The inhabitants are diftinguifticd by their attachment to commercei and have ef* TUY l.iblillied various manufa^iires, pariT^ ciilarly of filks. ftufts, earthenware, and jiilt leather. They are much viiited Ly foreigners, on account of their polite- ncfs, and hecaufe the Italian language is here fpoken in its greateft purity. John r.afton, the laft duke of Tufcany of the l.jufe of Medici, died in 1737, without leaving any heirs male. Hy the trea.*/ of London, 1718, the emperor of Ger- many, Charles VI, had promifed Tuf- cany, as a fief of the empire, to doii Carlos, infant of Spain, as being the nrarcft male heir; but, in 1735, wlit-a the fovereignty of Naples and Sicily was confirmed to that prince, he re- noimccd his right to Ttileany, in favour of Francis, duke of Lorrain, as an eiiui- valent for that duchy, which he \\mX ceded to France. Francis fucceeded to the grand duchy in 1735, and he was raifed to the dignity of emperor of Germany in 1745, by which means Tufcany became annexed to the houlc of Auftria. In 1801, on the afcendency of the French in Italy, tho Auftrian archduke Ferdinand was obliged to give up Tufcany to a prince of Spain, Loui? the fon of the duke of Parma, to whom the French gave the fovereignty by the name of the kingdom of Etruria \ and it was ceded to him by the treaty of Luneville. In 1807, this country was form? ly ceded to Ftiance. Florence is the capital. TufUf a town of SwilTerland, in the canton of Grifons, feated near the tor- reni Nolla, 16 m s by w Coire. Tutbury, a village in StafFordfliire, near the river Dove, 4 m nw Burton. It has a confiderable cotton manufac- ture, and formerly had a large caftle, of which feveral towers and a fmall part of the wall ftill remain. Tutacor'wy a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, where the Dutch had a fadory ; feated on the gulf of Manara, jq m E by N Palamcotta, and 67 s Madura. Tutlingent a town of Suabia, with a caftle on a mountain, belonging to the duchy of Wirtemberg. Near it is the celebrated founder y of Ludwigfthal. It is feated on the Danube, over which is a bridge, 58 m ssw Stutgard. Lon. 3 48 E, lat. 48 2 N. Tutura, a town of Ruffia, ir the go- vernment of Irkutik, fituate on tiic Lena, 160 m n Irkutfk. Lon, 10 j 40 B, lat. 54 40 s. Tuxfordy a town in Nottinghamfliirc, with a market on Monday, 13 m nnw Newark, and 137 n by v; London. Tuyt a city of Spain, in Galicia, atid a bilhop's fc( and ramparts artillery, bci Portugal. It the river Mii ind j6o wn^ lat. 4« 4 N- 'iWa, a tf Caramania.at lake to which i Tiveed, a x\(to from ni partof Pecble It divides th; equal parts, kirkftiire and the boundary England, and at Berwick. Tfweedmout partef Durht ,nte on the T> wick bridge, fuburb to tha T feated on the ford. Here and two of t ed : that wh dencc of Po| firft weepi j; latid ; and St retreat of the of Orford. Tycokzin, < lachia, feated Bielik. Tydore, on 10 m to the I Tynan, a county of Ar Tyne, a r: formed by a Cumberland, on the bori uniting a litl large river, > and enters tli mouth. Tyne, a rl tonlhire, vvl lidinburgflii And enters tl of Dunbar. Tynemout land, near t has a caftle cefllble on that comm river; and A bar lies a with fevers Black Mid \ TYN J biJhop'* fee. It is furrounJed hy w.illr. and ramparts, and well furnUhcd with artillery, being a frontier town toward Portugal. It (lands on a mountain, near the river Minho, 58 m s CompolU'lla, ind a6o wnw Madrid. Lon. 8 31 w, lat.4> 4 ^• Tuzla, a town of ATiatic Turkey, in Caramania.at the wciti-rn extremity of a laketo which it gives name, 48 m n Cogiii. Tweed, a river of Scotland, wliich lilco from numerous iprinj?8 in the s part of Peeblesftiire, called Tweed I'muir. It divides that county almoll into two equal parts, crofles the n part of Scl- kirkfliire and Roxhiirgfliire, then formb the boundary bctwen Berwxicfhirc and England, and enters the G^.man ocean, jt Berwick. Tiveedmoutlh a town in the detached part ef Durham called Iflandfhire, litu- ate on the Tweed, at the s end of Ber- wick bridge, and may be deemed a fuburb to that borough. Tivickenham, a village in Middlefex, feated on the Thames, 3 m ssw Brent- ford. Here are many handfome villas, and two of tljiem particularly celebrat- ed : that which was the favorite refi- di'iice of Pope, who here planted the firft wcepi g willow that grew in Eng- latid ; and Strawberry hill, the elegant retreat of the late Horace Walpole, earl of Orford. Tycokzirtf a town of Poland, in Po- lachia, feated on the Narew, zz m nw Bielfk. 'fydore, one of the Molucca iflands, JO m to the » of Ternate. Tynan, a tow>n of Ireland, in the county of Armagh, 7 m w Armagh. Tyne, a river in Northumberland, formed by a branch from the e part of Cumberland, and another from the hills on the borders of Scotland. Thefe uniting a Uttle above Hexham, form a large river, which flows by Newcaitle, and enters the German ocean, at Tyne- mouth. Tyne, a river of Scotland, in Hading- tonlhire, which rifes on the borders of Edinburgfliire, flows by Hadington, md enters the German ocean to the w of Dunbar. Tynemouth, a towri in Northumber- land, near the mouth of the Tyne. It has a caftle feated on a high rock, inac- cclTible on the fea fide ; a ftrong fort that commands the entrance of the river ; and extenfive military barracks. A bar lies acrofs the mcuth of the river, with fcveral rocks about it called the Black Middins, to avcid which there TZU are llghthonfei. Tynemouth has rorn-^ <:onriderable (alt-works ; and here, and at Shields, large veflels take in their Io.iding of coni and goods brought from Newcaitle. The numh r of inhabitants was 3856 in 1801, and 5834 in 1811. it is 9 m KNE Ncwcaftle, and 277 n by w London. 'j'l/re ; fee ^ur- 'lyrol, -x princtly county of Germany, ii. the circle of Aullria; bounded on tilt N by Suabia and Bavaria, k by the duchicH of Salzburg and Carinthia, s by Italy, and w hy SwiflTerland. Though a mountainous country, the valleys are fertile in corn and wine, and it has an excellent breed of cattle. It likewife yields fait, all kinds of ores, and various forts of precious Hones. The principal rivers are the Inn, Adige, and Eyfach. The country is divided into three parts; Tyrol, properly fo called, the principa- lity of Trent, and the principality of Brixen. It belonged to the houfc of Auftria, but was overrun by the French and Bavarians in 1805 ; and by the treaty of Piefburg was ceded to Bavaria. In it?09, it was formally ceded to Italy. Infpruck is the capital. Tyrone, a county of Ireland, in the province of UHter, 46 m long and 37 broad ; bounded on the n by London- derry, E by Armagh and Lough Ncagh, sw by Fermanagh, and w by Donegal. It is divided into 35 parilhes, contains about 28,700 inhabitants, and fends three members to parliament, It is a rough country, but tolerably fertile. The capital is Dungannon. Tyjied, a town of Denmark, in N Jut- land, with a citadel ; feated on the gulf of Lymford, 4^, m w Alburg. Lon. 8 25 E,lat. 5654 '-• Tyvu, oi Tei-vy, a river of Wale.i, ia Cardiganflilre, which iflues from a Lake on the E fide of the county, and flows by Tregannon, Llanbeder, Newcaftle, and Cardigan, into Cardigan bay. Tzaritzyn, a town of RufTia, in the government of Saratof, feated on the Volga, 120 m Nw Aftracan. Lon. 45 25 E, lat. 48 o N. Tzernitz, a town of European Tur- key, in Romania, near the river Tzerna, 32 m NNE Adrianople. . Tzi-vilji, a town of Ruflia, in the go- vernment of Kafan, 56 m w Kafan. Lon. 47 25 E, lat. 55 40 N. Tzurucliatu, Staroi, a town of \uflia, in the government of Irkutlk, feated on the Argunia, and the borders of China, 160 m se Nertchinlk. Lon. 1 ig 3a E, lat- 49 18 N. %.■ * VI ! K 1 ■>■■ ..■;, \M ■ \ll 1 \ VAI U. V. VatiJI, St. a town of Fi.iricp, in the department of Maiiche, willi h liriall hai'l)oiir and fome fall-vvurkh, 14 in 1 sE Clierl)uijj;. Ihi/n-j, a town of Francf, in tlie tlt- pirfniriit of Avciron, lately an tpif- copalicf. It liar. manufatftmi'S of f.rges, dimities, and cottons ; and ftands at the conflux of two linill rivers th,;t flow into tlie Tarn, 30 m isi; Rodtz, and 33 E All>y. yaclia, a town of Germany, in Upper HefTe.oii theriverWerra,4c in sKCairel, Voche,^\\ ifland of the VV liulics, of a triangular form, 24 m in circuit. It is 13 m from th(» s coalt of St. Dommgo, Lippofile St. Louis. (■'achclufe, one of tho Lipari iflands, 3 m to the s of Stromboli. I'ada, a town of Tufcany, at the mouth of the Cecinn, 26 m sst Leghorn. Vaducurray , a town of Hindooftan, in Malabar, with a neat fort on the top of a hill. It is a place of confidirable trade, and ll^mda on the fcacoaft, at the N end of a long inland navigation, izm SSK Tellicherry. ^U Vadagary^ a town of Hindooflan, in the province of Madura, 64 m ssw Ma- dura. Vadin. a town of European Turkey, in Btirarbia, fituate on the Danube, ya m w Nicopoli. Vado^ a town of the territory of Genoa, on a bay of the Mediterranean, 3ms Savona, and 24 sw Genoa. Vadejhin, a town of Swwlen, in Goth- lard, where the kings of Sweden had a palace, now in ruins. It is feated on the lake Wetter, near the river Mota'a, 32 m VV Nordkopint:. Vadutx,, a town and caftle of Suabia, in the principality of Lichtenftein, i6 m sLindau- Vaena, a town of Spain, in Andalufia, feated on the Callro, 23 m se Cordova. Vaigatch \ fee fVaigatz. Vaihend, a town of Perfia, in Segef- tan, on a river of the fame name, 40 B) ESE Arokhage. Vaihingen, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemberg, feated on the Enz, i8 m nnw Stutgard Vaifon, a town of France, in the de- partment of Vauclufe ; lately a billiop's fee, and fubjedl to the pope. It is leat- ed on a mountain, near ttu- river Oreze, and the ruins of ancient Vaifon, which \ was one of the largeft cities of the Gauls. V AL It 11 82 m NE Avignon, and 13 Sig Mont* lim.ir. I'iiU a villafTc of the Netherlands, 3 mvv Mai (tricht, where in 1744, mar. ftial Saxe (ibininc« a vidory over the dul'e of CMmbrland. I a! di Drrtmnci, a province in the ne angle of Sicily. It means ihe vallry of demons, and is io calh-d from .^l()Ultt Etna, which occifioned ignorant nnd fnpnftitious people, at the time of its tiery eruptions, to believe it was the chimney df hell. The capital is Meflina. Pal di Mazara, a province in the w angle of Sicily, (b called from the town of Maz.nra. It contains Palermo, the capital of the whole iflan annexed to France, and made a new department called Simplon. Sion is the capital. Fiikkoivar, a town ef Sclavonia, feat- ed on the Walpo, near its conilux with the Danube, 70 m wnw Belgrade. V AL VaUai, a town of RiiflTia, in the go- vernment ot N ViifHirod, on the fulc of 1 aki- of the f ated on a mountain, near the river Po, i% m esb Cafal, and 35 ssw Milan. Valenza, a fortified town of Portugal, in Entrc Douro r Minho, feated in an eminence, near the river Minho, oppo- fiteTuy, in Spain, and 30 m NNwBraga. yalejira, a town of Italy, in Mode- ncle, 12 m sw Modena. i'aletta, a city of Malta, the capital of that iljand, and wonderfully ftrong both by nature and art. It is feated on a peninfuhi, between two of the fintft ports in the world, which arc de- l\;nded by almoft iinpregnnble fortifica- tions. That on the SE fide of the city is the largeft ; it runs 2 m inland, and is furrounded by fuch high grounds, that the largeft ihips may riJe in the moft ftormy weather, almoft without a cable- This bafin is divided into five diftinft harbours, all equally fafe, each capable of containing a vaft number of fhips. The entrance is fcarcely a quarter of a mile broad, and is com- manded on each fide by ftrong batte- ries, fronted by a quadruple battery, one above the pther, the larj;;t.'ft of which is on a level with the water. The har- bour on the N' fide, though only ufed for filhing, and as a place of quaran- tine, is likewife well i.efended j and in an ifland in the centre of it, is a caftle and a lazaret. Valetta has three gates, and the ftreets are all paved with flat fquare fti .ie?. The houles are neat, and built of ftone ; the roofs forming a flat terrace plaftered with pozzolana ; and moft of them have a balcony to the ftreet. The principal buildings are the palace of .the grand mafter, the infirm- ary, the conlervatory, and the magnifi- cent church of St. John. The pave- ment of this church is compofed en- tirely of fepulchral monuments of the fineft marbles, porphyry, lapis lazuli, and a variety of other valuable ftones. There are fbme other churches Hchly endowed, and feveral convents. The great fourcc of water that fupplies Va- letta rifes near Citta Vecchia, and is thence conveyed by an aqueduft, eredt- ird at the expenfe of one of the grand V AL mafters. Notwithftandingtl.e AippofcJ bigotry of the Maltc(c, here is a mnfc|iic, in which the TurkKh Ilaves are permit- ted to ciijny their leligion. The inlia. bitnpts areiftim.ited at 50,000, andli.dl' of them sre did to be foreigners. 'IV Turks hcliegcd this city xi 1566; but after many dreadful afTuiltH, were com- pelled to raife the firge, with tho lijfi of3«,ooo men. It fiirrendt-rtd to the French, undiT Bonaparte, in 1798; and they, in 1800, furrendrred it to the Britifli, after a blockide of two years. Valetta is 70 m su of Cape Paflaro, in Sicily. Loii 15 34 e, lat. 35 .^4 n. Falette, a town of France, in thede- partment of (harenic. la m a by e Angouleme. Falkenburg, or Fauquemont, a town of the Netherlands, iu Limburg. In 1671, 't was taken by the French, who deiDolilhcd the fortifications, it is feat- ed on the Geule, 8 m e by n Waef. ftricht. Falladolid, a city of Spain, in Leon, capital of a principality of the fame name, and a biihop'» fee. with a univer- fity. It is furrounded by ftrong walla, has long and broad ftreets, and is adorn- ed with handfome buildings, fquares, and fountains. The marketplace, call- ed El Campo, is 700 pace? in circuit, furrounded by a great number of con- vents. There are 70 monafteries and nunneries!, the fineft of which is that of the Dominicans, remarkable for its church, which is ure ; and exports the oil, wool, and timber of the furrounding country. It is feated at the entrance of the gulf of Venice, near the mountains of Chimera, 70 m s Durazzo. Lon. 19 36 E, lat. 40 48 N. Vails, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, with a manufacture of leather, 10 m n Tarragona. Valogne, a town of France, in the de- partment of Manche, noted for cloth and leather, 10 m sse Cherburg,and 50 WNvv Caen. Valparayfii a feaport of Chili, in the province of Quillota, with a good and well-frequeoted harbour, defended by a ftrong fort. Its proximity to St. Jago has drawn hither all the commerce for- merly carried on between that city and Callao, which confifts principally of wheat, tallow, leather, cordage, and dried fruits. It is feated on a bay of the Pacific ocean, at the foot of a high mountain, 75 m nw St. Jago. Lon. jz 19 w, lat. 33 3 s. Falperga, a town of Piedmont, 16 m N Turin. Valreas, a town of France, in the de- partment of Vauclufe, 18 m NB Orange. Fuls, a town of France; in the de» VAN partment of Ardccho, celebrated he mineral fprinps. It is flatcd on the Ardechc, i3 m nw Vivitrs. htlleitne, or I'alle ulimj, i fortile val- ley (>f Swideiland, Littly lubjovJt fo Ihc Grifoiis, but annexed to Italy Ly the French. It is 50 m lonij, iind frum n to 15 broad, tnclofed between two chains of high mo'iDtanjs: ilie N cli.iin feparatesit horn I lit- CJrifons, the ;. fr(,m the Venetian tcrritoruv ; on tlie f ■' is bounded by the county ot Hormn. jnd on the w by that ot Chiavana and thr duchy of Milan. V\w livcr Adda (lows through its whole kngth into the lake Como ; and it is divided into three dif- trifts, upper, middle, and lower, of which the chief towns are Tirann, Son- drio, and Morbegno. The in' .bitants are all Roman catholics, and ".avc no manufa(5tures ; but they expiit wkie, Glk, plants, cheefe, outter, and cattle! On the 20th of July, i6zo, there was a general malfacre of the proteftants in this valley. Valvr. a town of Naples, in Abrnzzo Citra- \n rn ssw of Civiia di Chieti. Fim, a city of Afiatic Turkey, in Knrdiftan, with a ftrong caf]!.- on ;i mountain, in which the Tuik- k.ep a numerous garrifon. It is gov ; ed by a beglerbcg, and leaied near iti' •; end of a circular lake of its name (160 m in circuit) tJo m ne Bttlis. Lon aj ae e. lat. 3H 28 N. " ' Fan Dhmcn Laud, an illand in the S Pacific ocean, 160 m long and 80 broad, feparatid from the s part of New Holland by Bafs ftrait. It was difcovered by Tsfman in 164^, and till i79y was deemed the s extremity of New Holland. Cook called here in 1777, for fupplies of wood, water, and grals. 'i'he natives were entirely naked ; of a common ftature, but rather (lender, the Ikin black, and the hair woolly, but their lineaments more pleafing than thofe of Negros ; the hair and beards, and fome of the faces, were fmcarcd with red ointment. They feem to pre- fer birds to all other food. The hovels refemble thofe of New S Wales ; but fometimes large trees arc hollowed out by fire to the height of fix feet. The land is chiefly high, diverfifiod with hills and vallies, which nre well wooded and watered. The forell trees fccm to be "11 of ore kind, growing quite ftraight to a height proper for mjfts. The low lands produce flowering fhrubs, and odoriferous plants. The ouly quadru- peds fcen were opoflums and kangaioos ; and the birds cannot differ much from thpfe of New Hoilandj to which there l\ T A 1», \» Mn h were :i pafT^Kf by inf'nrn('(!Iatff illfii. In 180 (t M Kiittl]i icttlami'Dt w :i« » ItablKhttl oil th>' HK ci)x(t, iif.ir t!.e mmithof the D'-rwrnt, intl iiumid H(»- bnrt i it has a cliiircli, thr alt.ii »)<" •- iiicli it (>vii)ihan, 56 m sw Hcnnen, and 1^5 w by s Paris. Lon. a 46 w, iat 47 39 N. Var, a department of France, lin.Ujd- inj; part of- tht- latt.- province ot Pro- vence. It taiindn>5led back to Paris. It is 13 m ^v by n Ver- dun. Varefe, a town of Italy, in Milanefe, where fomt' of the Milaiu-fc nobility rc- fide. It is feated near a lake of its name, and the Ibtirce of the Olona, 26 m Nw Milan. Lon. 8 51 e, Iat. 45 48 N. Varhfly, a town of Tranfylvania, 40 m s Wciflenburg. ^Mrwas, a town of Terra Firma, in the province of VeiK'/.iuli, and Ihf c*. puai of a dillridl »)f its name, ceiehi.itt-J for chocoUte, and al)*)imdift- in ,<|| H idh (fre, 24 m '> Nevrru. f'a/il, a town of UuMia, in the jjo. VfM'iment of Novo^orod, fli'tite or. ihv; Volga, 'o m K Novogoroil. Lon. 4^ 44 I , Iat. 56 16 N. f'ujulboroujr/i. a town of the dilhift of M line, inT-anroln county, fcaitd 011 the K<'nMcl)ec, 9 m n ll.illowell. y(ll/j/, a town of France, in the tie- partniLiit of Upper Marnc. In !^6i, » bloody perfecution of the protelt.iiUs beg,in here, l»y order of the duke of Guile. It ib feated on the Blaife, lu m NW Joinvillc. Vatan, a town of France, in the de- partment of Indre, 8 m Nw Iflbudun. lat'tca, a feaport of European Tur- key, in Morea, fituate on a large bay to which it gives name, 44 m su Mifitra. Lon. 23 2 N, Iat. 36 38 ^f. fauharit Fort ; fee Louij, Fort. Vauclufe, a department of France, in- cluding the county of Venaiflin and ter- ritory of Aviguon. It takes its name from the foHniain of Vauclule, urn 1 Avignon, celebrated by Petrarch. The chief town is Avignon. raucouifurs, a town of France, in the department of Meulit, on the lide of a hill, by the river Meufe, 23 m se Baric Due. Vaudemontt a town of France, in the department of Meurte, 18 m s byw Nancy. Fawjllle, a town of France, in the department of Manche, on a bay to which it gives name, 9 m w Cherburg. VauxhalU a village in Surry, feated on the Thames, 2 m sw London. It ij celebrated for its gardens, which, as a place of public entertainment, are the tinert in Europe. Vaypura, a town of Hindooftan, in Malabar, feated at the mouth of a fitie river, down which much teak timber is floated. It is feven m s Calicut. ilbeda^ a town of Spain, in Andalufia, with a ftrong caltle; leated in a ieilile country., near the river Guadalquiver, 22 m NE Jaet». . , Uberkingerty a village of Suahia, m the territory of Ulm> a m wsw Goflm- |clt'bi.ii,.4 in „|| '»" 'I'lir. h'l'ilii. PI 'h ot the ''t. 1-on, |e. in tlic iN'fVrfs. I tilt iio. |t«-' oi, ih^. Loii. 43 ie (liifiiA |fcaU(J oil the (!e. n :.^62,i rotirt^iitj dulu' of ifc, 10 ra UUI j|r;, St. iW Setiivalf a f'ltificd Ita- poit of PortiiKtl) ill I'lrtfifTiaiUira, wiili a llroiig citadel, and :i g()>-d liuhoiir, il' ft'iidt'd hy ihrt'i' !'.)rt8 It is tiiiilt on the ruins of tht- aiic t'lit Jv'tobii^a, at th'' head of a bay, nrar the inlliix of the (^adaoii, ami has a pood trade, p.irticu- l.iriy ill lalt, ol vvlnch a great quantity is lent lo the colonics in America. It lUiids at the end of a plain, 5 in lon^::, exLremily fertile in corn, wine, and liuit ; the n end bounded by tnoiin- taini', covered with piiiei and other treed, and containing quarries of jal'pcr of fcveral colours. It i;j zz m sn Lif. bon. Lon. 8 54 \v, lat. 38 jii n. Ubigau, a town of the duchy of Sax- ony, featcd on the EUler, 28 in sh Wit- tcnberij. i^by, an iflawd on th« e fide of ths entrance of the gulf of Siam, io m m (Circuit. It yields good water and plentf of wood. Lon. 104 46 e, lat. 8 55 n. Ucnyal'i i^f^ A/>urtmac- UcftJo, or Uzeda, u town of Spain, in New Caftile, with a caftle; feated on the Xarama, 32 m nni Madrid- Ucier, a river of Germany, which iiTues from a lake of the fame name, ■ear Prenzlo, in the Ucker mark of Brandenburg, flows N into Hither Po- nieiania, and, being joined by the Ran- do, enters the Frilch HafF, at Uckcr- niunde. Uciermmde, a town of Hither Pome- rania. in the duchy of ^ltetti^, leated on the I'rifch HafF, at the influx of the Ucker, 82 m Nw Stettin. Uddei'alla, a feuport of Sweden, in the province of Bahus, fuuate on a hay of the C.i egat. The hoiifes are built of wood painted red and yellow, and the ftreets are ipacious. It lias a. itroiig fort, an arfenal, rope-walks, and tar and iron works ; alfo a trade in iron, planks, and herrings. It is 46 m n Go- theburg. Lon. 11 56 u, lat 58 20 n Udina, or Udine, a city of Italy, ca- pital of Friuli, with a citadel. It con- tains 16,000 inhabitants, and in 1750, on the fuppreflion of the patriarchate of Aquileia, was made the fee of an arch- bifhop. A treaty betvyeen the Auftrians and French was figiied here in 1797. ^t V E H 5« Iratcil in a large plain, on ths rivnr and CMiiil called La Uoia. 2n in sw A(|uileu, and 65 nu Venice. Lon. 13 3 E, lat 4(1 11 N. i/ihijhi, a town of Siberia, in the government of Irkiitik, frated on the 8elmga, i;o m k IrUuilli. Lon. 108 20 k, l,y. 520 N. I'di^u, a town of Hindoodan, in Ca- uara, ir- ir which is a liiiall fort. Here are three tcmplei, placed in a common f'lnare, aul fiirnninded by 14 convents. It Itiiulg atnid ric.' fielil*. beautifully intermixed with pilm pirdeiiH, 2 m froni the lia, and j6 n.\w M mgdore. _ Vj/ioi, a town of .Sil,cria, in the pro- vince of 01;o;lk, lituate on the Uil, joa ni iw Okollk. Lon. i:)5 30 e, Ut. 55 d ^- i'c/it, :\ river thit riles in Weftphalia, near Muiilter, cioll'est the counties oi Stenfort and Hentheim, a'ul enuring Oveiyd'el, paniH by Omnit n, Haflclt, and Swartlliiys, below which it enters the Zuider y,jo, fcatrj on the Anhaluur.), lo m l»w Portalrgre. k'ci/inlurg, a town of RufTii, in the Rovrrnmont of Revel, nrar the gulf of I'inl.itiil, 56 m P. \d at the condiix of thi* Glan and VVunich, 8 m N Clagent'iirt. f'fit, St- in llbia; i'fc Viuwe. ielii, a capo on thi" n coall of Tcira Fiima, 160 m KNt St. Martha. Lun. 71 15 w, lat. II 30 N. ydoi/, a lato province of France, bounded on the n by Fort-z, w by Au- vcrgne, ^ by Gcvaiidan, and f. by Vi- varez. It is full of high mountainr, covered with fnow the greater part of the year, but abounds in cattle. It now forms the department of Upper Loire. relbtirfr^ a town of Bavaria, in the principality of Neuburg, with a de- cayed caftK', am NW Ralifbon. yddftttzt a town of France, in the de- partment of Sarrc, lately of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, with a cattle. 'I'he environs produce excellent Mofclle wine. It is fcated on the Mo- felle, 19 m NE Treves. fe'etri, a town of Italy, in Campagna di Roma. Here are large fc|uare8 adorned with fine fountains, and n mag* nificent palace belonging to the bifliop of Odi.i. It is feated on an eminence, 18 m bi Rome. rc/ez de Gomara, a feaport of the kingdom of Fez, with a caltle, feated between two high mountains, on the Mediterranean, 120 m nne Fez. Lon. 4 o w, lat. 55 10 N. K-lex. Malaga, a town of Spain, in Granada, near which is a conlidcrable nianufadlure of playing cards. It is feated in a rich plain, between two rivers, near the IVltditerrancan, 13 in E by M Malaga, and 62 sw Granada. fclika, a town of Sclavonia, on the river Bakawa, 10 m e Cnietz, and 60 NW Foi'ega. J'ekre, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, with a large and beautiful fort, which, having been chofen for the re- fidence of the family of the late fultan of Myfore, is ftrongly garrifoned ; but the males of the family have fince been removed to Calcutta. The town, which belongs to the nabob, is pretty la.ge, and well built. Above it arc three forts on as many hills- It is feated on the Paliar, 14 m w Arcot. fe/tzen ; fee Ultzett. fenafro, a town of Naples, in Terra VKN di Lavoro, feated near the Volturnt, 2.5 m N by w Capua. lenaijirtt « fmall but fertile county of France, lately depending on thr pope, but now included in the dcpattment of Vauclule. Carpentrai was the capital. tenant, St. a town of France, in the department of Pas dt Calais, on the river Lis, 6 m n by w IJethime, and if At. Dunkirk. Vcnaf'iuet a town of Spain, in Arngon, in a valh'y of the fame name, and on ilic river Fllara, 47 m nne Ualbaftro. / 'fntifque, a town of France, in the dc- partnient of Vaucliite, on the rivtr Nafqiic, 10 m ESB (arpentras, an'] :3 t.tiv. Avignon. Vencaticlieri/t a town of Il'ndooft.in, in the v. part of Myfore, ceiU d to tin- Lnglidi by thi* treaty of ocriug.ipatam. Mere an; tho remains of the raj.ihs palace, and 'the ruins of a fort. Near tliiH place iron is fmcltcd from bl.i.ck fand. It is 57 m w Arcot, and 58 t Daii. galore. I'encff a town of France, in the dr- partment of Var ; lately ii bifliop's ice. It is 9 m N Antibes, and g w Nice. I'enJee, a department of France, in- cluding part of the late province of Poitou. It is fo called from a fmali river of the fame name. Fontenny Ic Comte is the capital. Venden, a town of Ruflia, in the go- veinment of Riga, on the river Aa, j6 m ENK Riga. I endome, a town of France, in the department of Loir and Cher, on the river Loir, 30 m ne Tours, and 95 sw Paris. / 'cndrell, a town of Spain, in Catalo- nia, S.5 m wsw Barcelona. f^enerui, a town of Piedmont, which took its name from a magnificent huiil- ing-feat built by a duke of Savoy. It has manufa(5lures of wool and filk, and Hands on the Stura, 8 m nnw Turin. J^enezuelii, a province of Terra Firma, in the government of Caracas ; bounded on the N by the Caribean lt?a, e by Ca- racas, s by New Granada, and w by Rio de la Ilacha and St. Martha. It fpreads round a gulf of the lame name (which reaches 90 m inland and is 80 broad) and the lake of Maracaybo. When the Spaniards landed here ia 1499, they obferved fome huts built upon piles, in an Indian village named Coro, in order to raife them above the Aagnated water that covered the plain ) and this induced them to give it the name of Venezuela, or Little Venice. Near the ieacoaft are high mountains, the tops of which are barren, but the faw^r p!»rt< In the vail |ri)|il iH found in the 1 '|'|i« pruviiiee it faid t inbabiiaiitf, who raife lli'cp, mHnufa».*turc I ^iid cultivate cxcelltn Itnezutta, or f'oro, province of Vcneziitl rfiid a bilhop's Ire. by the great carthqii jtandii on a peiiiiiful; the gulf of Venezuela caybo. Lon. 70 1 5 i'enicf, a late cebb Italy, which compit j;ado, Padiiano, Vic Brel(:iano, Uergamo, C di Rovigo, i'revifano nefe, Cadoiino, and lllria. The governme before it was fubvcrt( was ariftocralic, for any Ihare in it but doge was eledled by a and the ducal cap v head, with great ceren church. He held hii and his ofiice was to a fea, in the name of prefide in all aflembli* have an eye over all tl ni.igi(lracy ; and to n benefices annexed to 1 Mark. On the other five councils, whict: power, that he has b to be, in habit and Hal thority, a connfellor ; loner; and out of it, 'Ihis conllitution, hi longer exifts. In 179; happened at Venice, French foldiers were 1 feized the city, and fionary democratic g foon after, by the 1 Formio, the city and nice, lying to the n a Adige, was ceded to / in equivalence for th houfe had loft in the : the remainder of the nexed to what the F the Cifalpine republi menced a fliort war and France, and by tl at Prefburg, the due Riven up ; and the v Venice is now a part ol kingdom of Italy. ' Titories on the contii j above (and which, by wefometimes called faw^r parti in ilw valley are fertile ; nnd fo\t\ Ih foiiiut in the litndt of the rivi'm. rite pruvincp it r<)id to contain 100,000 inb.«biiaiit«, who raifc great niirnbirH of llircp, manufavMnrc li>mi' cotton (tuirsi, ^iid cultivate excellent tobacco, cocoa, iinil Tiigir. Set* Trrra I'irma. ymczutla, or < 'orot the capital of the province of Vcncziith, in Terra I'irma, rfiid a biiliop's lee. 'I'hia town luHe'ed by the great carthiinake in 1811. It ftands on a pcninriila, , !i -, i RS f-i t V R N lidiing tradi'iii (ilk m.iiint°at.*\ur«ii bone* laciv and 4II fotttof ^1 tll'c* *in\ mitron, whicli m;ik«' tlifir principal employ miMti. Moll of ilic lioiirtit hrivc • tioitr up«.iiin)( iipiiii ii LMiul, ,ii)(l iiiolhi-r 1 in «lti^i't;i)y mcrftiK ill whicii, .Muiul'tiu? bridt^rN, .1 pffrfon m;iy go to aluiD't .my part of the i'Hv ^y Lind, 4t w* II .ii tiy \v:it4d, and ha» 4 i'crptiiune cottiiir iluou^h the miilillc of' till" city 'I'hni' iie lii'.nly t,no hridj(p« In Viiiicc; tin' wh't piil'it for rncli Aie oiity fiMglr an:tici tlir \Mi ov>'r thr c,m il' J moll of tlum vrry p.ilny 'I'-e Unlto c .iiliUi ;«lli) i»t ;t fnmW- .irch, h«i a v< ry loMo oik*, •1tid o\ in.nliK*. hiiilf ac> ilH llif ((rand canal, near tlir iiiid'ik, wlirrr it is the iiarriw«(l : !»ii.. cilf lir.if»'d arch \» qi ti'«t wide on the li vr| of the canal, nii'l 24 flit lii.;h. 'Ilic hi aiity of it is irti- pnircd by two r wi of bi.u'hn nr lli'ipn, which divide its upper I'liificc inio three narrow rtrcts I lir vifw from t!i«' Uialto la ••qiiaily lively and mi^iii- licunt ; the lanal covered by hor.t.-i and i;oikIoI.is. .ind Hiiilvid on «-,tth li It! l>y ni.i^jnificent p.4lai'ts, churvlui. .md Ipircd. The only pi, ice where a perl'on can walk with t-ilt* and lafety i-, mi the Piax/.a tli St. M.irco ; a kind of incjjii- lar (iiiadranjrle, formed hy a niitni.er of buildings, all of marble . namely, lli«.' key in iiuropc It it the .incirnt Ailri- atieum Mare, and ii Hill f(»mi;imft called t'le Adriitic Sea, 'J'hcrc aa many illmdK in it, and nianv h,iy4 or imall gills m) each cn.dt. Thei^Mnii ceremony of the doge . t ^'on. ilolts, WIS intermitted in 17 7, for il;t firft linv for (iveril centiiiies. I'fnio, a Ihoiig town of the Nrth:r. landh, in Upper Gilelderl and, And 1 place of tracli for meichandile coming from the adjacent countries. In i;e:, it runeiiilcrcd to the allies, and wu confirmed to the Dutch bythebiriitr treaty in 1715. It was taken Lythf French in 1794. It ib feited on the 1 lide of the Mmife, oppofite Fort St Michael, 12 m n Ruremondc. Lon, ^ 6 K. lat. 51 ij X. I'fKofa, a town of Naples, in BiHII- cata, on the river Ofanto, 13 m ^" Acercn/a. lentade Cruz, a town of Terra Fitm'. in the iUlunua of Darien, and on thf river Ch.igre. Merc the Spaniards nfc I to bring the mttchandife of K'r'jand Chili on mules from Poiama, ;ind W' bark it on the river for Porta Bello. Ii is 20 m N Panama. t^etizone, a town of Italy, in 'i" country of Friuli, Qtuate on theTagii- amento, 18 m n.ww Fiiiili. I'tra, a town of Spain, in Gianadj, 34 m NNE Almeria, and 80 r Granada yera, a town of Spain, in Navaric, on theBidaiToa. 28 m n by w p.iniplws yera Cruz, a city of New Spr.in, HI Tlafca'ui, on the gulf of Mexico, jnJ 1705 all its f VF.R thf c»pit«' of an rxjf ullve diftriCt .ilnnpr the coil*. ' •"* Ixrhi.iir li d^'frrntfiHiy a fort, lUuittf ill! '< rock of tltir til itut 8t. Jinn t!«* IHim, m.uly adjtjininij I'hii pori irt thf cJiHf of the uealurc muI mtrchAmlil- of New Sptiii, nrul it rr- Cfive* much E ImJii pnuliicc l»y wty of Ac-ipiilco from llic Philip;)ini' ill m.U, wliioh «n« ht'iice cxpoitfl to Miir'tpc xiiit thf W liitliiM. An .Hinuiil r.iir U liclil hcrr for \\\f rich riKrcliifulifo of the OUi world i 'ind fnch crowd* of Spiniards attrnd, th.it tviiti iirc rrcvJUd f.ir their accotnmodatiDU. Tin? H'c of till* town is f.rnoub on aoconnt c fn tl co- lony founded by Cortc/. I'tn- city i* bfintirully uid n^dirly hnilt, and of m.itciials di!\wii from thv' buttom of tin- (fa; for no ri)ck h to In- foniirl in the rnvironii, nor any fpritiija of pot,d)lc water, 111 ;it the heft is rain witrr pri-- iVrvi'd in ciftcrns 'I'he inhabitants arc rHitnatcd at 16,000, 'X'-lulivi* of llic militia and ffafgrinp pfoplc It Ih lyo m K by s Mexico. I.on. ()(t 9 w, lat. ti; I I N. I'fra l*ciz, A province of Nfv '^p.iin, in ti\«' aiidienct' of Ou.tiimali; boiiridcn. Ao 15 k, lat , by n |*Ari«. Lun. j «,1 11, hi. 19 <) w f'^rJuti, A town of Fruncf, in the ifc* partmcnt nt S.v w .nut l.<»lrr, liMtcil on thtr Siiitnct 4t the inRiix of thv Doubv, 30 m K by <• Autini. I'erduH, .1 t''wn of 1'r.inir, h thr «lc- pattmciit <»t Upper (i.irotmc. Icitcd on the O.ironiu'i torn nnw Toulouftf. t ^r^a, ;i town of )'!ino|)c«n Tiirkr^Ti in Miculonia, 48 m w Salonici. yertrirtt m luwii ot Ktillii, in ihi- ko- vcrnm rt of Molcow, ^6 in vv»w iMoCcow. Vfrj^ititia, A town of Vi rmont, in Ael- difon county, (iMt^ Cununa. Lun. 6j 44 w, lit, 10 8 M. hrfHiinJyih a '-^'c territory of France, In I'icardyi which, witli IIh- late terri- tory of Soilfonnois, is now included in the depart mt lit of Ailnc. It al)ount.!» in corn, and excellent llax. P'ernmniont a town of France, in the dep.«rim<'ntofYoniic, MniH.iE Aiixcrre. Vtrmejo, \ river that rifeH in Tiicu- man, on liie bordera of Peru, Hows bi'. to the I'arwjua, anti enters that river a little abovL* ittjuniition with the Pa- nara. Ierm»nt, one of the United States of America ; bounded on the n by Lower C-'anada, f by the Conrndlicut, which divides it fmm New Il^nipOiire, '' by Alankchiiitti, and w by New York. It is 157 m long and 6s broad, and lii- vided into 11 counties; Windham, Windfor, Ontngc, Caledonia, Ell', x, Bennington, Rutland, Addiibn,Clutten- dcn, Franklin, and Orleans. A chain of high mountains, running n and 8, divides the ilate nearly in the centre, between thcriver Connedicut and lake Champlain. The natural growth upon this chain is hemlock, pin.', I'piuee, and other evergreens : hence tlicy are called the Green Mountains, and give name to the ftate. The country is generally hilly, but not rocky, and the foil is fer- tile. It has numerous Itreams and rivers, which all rife in the Gieen moun- tains the iargeft are on the w fide, and the chief are Otter creek, Onion river, Moille, and Milchifcoui ; the molt nu- ir erouii are on the t fide, and the largtft are Weft >«"V(T, White river, and Poou- I'oomi JO. Iron ore abounda in this ftate, VEfl and rlt (hrfrat of flniirl(h!ni;mf« nufaOliir(« of ivrry thiiiK ih.ii c4m l^ nmdt' of iron and lirrl 1 thi* olhrr ehiif nuniif^v'turr* are put and pr.irl .ii|i mapli' ftiK^r, and Ipiriti in iMiolh,' number of iiih.ttiit oiu w.it 317, un, 'I'h** prineipil lown is Bennington. I'frHd, lee Ijhirt- Itrntuil, ,\ titwii of France, In llu'tl.-. partm«-nt nf Fore, (iateil on the Auu', ft m sw Kvrrux, and 65 w by s I>4ri« y^rntuilt a town of France, in the dr. p'lrtmt-nt of Alltcr, ^ \n from the rivrr Alli«'r, and 1 s > Moniins. /irr/roif, a town of Franre, inlhi^de* pirtmmt of Fntc, with a fortrrit .il the end of the bridK<'t over the 8iini-, j; ni »K K'tuen, at\^ 4a nw i*jrii. I'rroh, It town of ll.dy, in C4n)p.i,^ti,| di Homa, icated on the i'oU, thnc m j Al.itri. yerontit a city of Italy, capit.il of Vr. ronefe, and a biniop's fie. It hju thrci foritt, and is fiirronnded by thick waliii, derp ditclieH, and good r;rtrrl't to DrofiK by naturr 41 id Itc ilrrirrd imprrgn4l>ltf. It It ij rn »«■ Ai)()4.an(l .15 m Turin I'trrtfrtJ, « town of SwlrtrTland, In the princlp^lily of Nountain, on which are good vineyards, 17 m 8w Chalons, and 78 n f. Paris. f^ervien, a town of the Nether laqds, VES In the teriltofy of Lirife, with 4 trad« in cloth ( (ratrd on the Wesr, 4 a SW LimburK, and i) ft«K i.bg«. hfviiti, a town uf rrancr, la thcdt* purtmcnt of Ailnr, famous lor a treaty, to Mv**» l>etwctn ll»nry iv of Franc* anil Philip II ol 8p.iin It is featcd ua Ibe Herrr, 4* m m 11 Soilfont. l\rruoU, a town of IMr(*mont, with acaftle It is fuaound'd by an .mcicnt will, (Linked with toweri, and U.\uA in a fruitful fud, near ib« Vr4lia, j ni • 8.1I11//.U. / fjrUvt, a vlllapf of LlthnanU, on the river Ucit7lna, u m wnw Burilow. Ilete, in ilia, Bonaparte thnw twu bridges over the river, and part of his Mr. ailn|i army palled Hum on Nu». «7, bnt being attack^ in the rear by thi- KiWri.un, he immediately burnt thtf bridges, and the remainder, which had not paired, laid down t heir arms i all their b.i^itaKC was t.ikeii, including wh.tt had liern ftulcn from the churches and inha* bitants of Mofcow. See Ztmbiit. VtlUy, a town of Fr.iiuv, in the de- partment of Ailhe, on the river Aiine, 10 m KNK Soid'ons. Vtftul^ a town of Prancci capital of the department of Upper Haonr. In the v iiiity is a medicinal fprii^;. It is k.\\.' at thf foot of a mountain, near th»* liver DiirKi'on, 24 m n llclan^un, and io/>KSKTroycs. Lon 6 I k, lat. 47 36 m. Ft/firin, an epilcopal town of iinn* gary, c.ipital of a county of the fame nam*', with a calllo. It is feated on the Scd, 19 m w by » Stuhlweilfenburg, and 70 ssE Prifburg. Lon. 17 57 », lat. 47 16 N. Vefwvhu, a volcanic mountain of Ita* ly, 7 m to the e of Naples. It is near 30 m in circuit at the bafe, and about 360U feet high. The bale on all fides is covered with towns, which with the vil« lagcsandvillasthatencirclethemtolome height, may be faid to cover the lower parts of the muuntain with fertility, beanty, and population. I'he next te- giuii is a iiienc of pcrfe^ deval\ation, turrowed on all (iJes with itrcams of lava, i'xtended in wide black lines over the furl.Ke. The upper part has the Ihape of a truncated cone ; it is cover- ed almoit entirely with alhes, .nnd ex* treinely difficult of afcent. The top of this is a narrow ledge of burnt earth or cinders, nearly j m in circuit, with the crater open btnealh, about 350 feet in depth. Its ftitp Ihelving fides are formed of aflns and cinders, with f.ut tlic other fideb Ihelve gently to ilie plain. The eruption of Vffutiun in 'the yc.ir 79, under Titus, was accotnijanifd by an earthquake that overturned feveral ci- tiet, pirticulatly Pompeii and Hercu- laneu'^, and proved fatal to Fiiny the natur«.ift. Great quantities of afhes and fulphureou" fmnke v re carrit-d not only to Rom«*, i>ut alfo beyond the •Mediterranean into Africa. Another violent eruption, in 1631, totally de- ftroyed the town of Torre del Greco. The eruption of 1 767 was the a^th from the time of Titus, fince whic!i there have been 1 1 others. Nuxt to thofe in 79 and 163 1, the eruption of 1794 was the mcft violent and deftrudlive ; the lava flowed over 5000 ^ res of cultivated land, and the town of S orre del Greco was again deAroyed ; the tup of the csater likewiic feH '.a, and increafed its dimenfions. Fevay, a tow, of Swiflerland. capi- tal of a bailiwic, in Pays de Vaud. The principal manufadiire is hats ; it has a large trade in chcel'e, and its wine is in great eftiniation. It ftands near the lake of Geneva, 10 m e by & Lau- fanne. Lon. 7 k, lat. 46 a.5 n. Veudrct a town of iranr^', in the de- partment of A Uier, on the river AUier, 17 m NW Monlas. Veynct a town of Franc< , 'o the de- partment of Upper Alps, is m w by s Cap. Pezelayt a town of France, in the de- partment of Yonne. In 1 56*, this town being in the pofTtflion of the Calvinifts was beGeged by the troops of Charles IX without fuccefs, after the lois uf 1500 men. Iheodore Beza was a na- tive of Vezela/. It is feated on the top of a mountain , near the river Cure, a6 m K by s Auxerre. f^tKelixei a town of France, in the department of Meurte, leated on the Brenon, js m s Nancy, and 14 se Toul. Ufa^ a government of Siberia, for- merly included in tlm government of Tobulflt. It is divided into the two •provinces erf Ufa and Orenburg. Cfa, a town tf Siberia, cipital of the government of the I'ltme name. It is feated 00 the river Ufa, near its conflux with the Bie^aia, 760 m e by s Mofcovr. Lull- 56 • F| lat. 54 ^« K. VI B Vffenheim, a town of Franconia,lin the principality of Anfpach, with a caftle; lituate on the Oollach, 15 m n by i Rotenburg, and »a sk Wurtxbnrg. Uxentot a towr* of Naples, in Terra d Otrantu, 8 m w Alcffana, and 20 svr Otranto. L)(iet a tiver of Scotland, which croflTes the n part of Aberdeeiilhire, and enters the German ocean below In. verugie, a mile n of Peterhead. Vglianit a town of Piedmont, 9 m H Ivrea, and iC ksk Aofla. Ugliefi, a town of Ruflia, in the go« vernment of Jaroflaul, with a trade in leather and foap; feated on the Volga, t5 m w JaroOaul. Ugogna,A town of Italy, in Milanefe, feated on theTofa, 16 m n Varallo, and 45 Nw Milan. fiaJana, A town of Italy, in Mantuan, feated on the Po, 8 m N P.uma, and i; s Mantua. yiana, a town of Spain, in Navaire, feated near the Ebro, 4 m me Logron- no, and 41 sw Pamplona. yiaitoy a town ol Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho, at the mouth of the IJma. with a good, harbour for fmali vcflcis, defended by a fort, 20 m w by N Braga. ViandetJt a town of the Nctherlandi, in Luxemburg, divided into the old and new town by the river Uren. It haja caftle, on an inacceflible rock, and ma- nufac^tures of cloth and leather. It is 22 m N Luxemburg, and 22 nw Treves. Vtanen^ a town of S Holland, with a caftle. It was taken in 1672, by the French, who demoliflied the fortifica- tions. It is feated on the Leek, 7 m s Utrecht, and 30 e by n Rotterdam. Vtatka, a government of Ruflia, which was formerly a province of Kafan. It takes its name from the river Viatka, which flows through the country, and joins the Kama. Fiatka, a town of Rudia, capital of a government of the fame name, and a bifhop's fee, with a caftle. It was for- merly called Khlynof, and is feated on the river Viatka, 100 m n Kafan. Lon. 54 IS t, lat. 57 25 *r. ViaxmOf a town of Ruflia, in the go- vernment of Smoleiiik. It covers a gre.1t extent of ground, and has 31 churches, but is irregularly built, and far from being populous. In itiz. the greatcft part of it was burned by the Ruffians, before they evacuated it on the approach t)f the French. It is feated on a river of its name^ 80 m kne Smo* Itnflc. Vihorg i fee Wiburg, VIC fie, a town of France, In the depart- ment of Meurte, leated on the Seilte, 15 m F.NE Nancy. Fic, or Hqufi a city of Spain, in Ca- talonia, and a bifhop's lee. It is leated in 'a fertile plain, on a fmall river that flows into the Ter, 35 na N Barcelona. Lon. a 13 E, lat.41 55 N. He Bigore, r town of France, in the department of Upper Pyrenees, fituate on the Adoiir, u m n Tarbes. Vic le Compte, a town of France, in the department of Puy de Dome, with a palace, where formerly the counts of Auvergne refided. About a mile from it are mineral fprings. It is feated near the Allier, 15 m se Clermont. Vic Ftzenfar, a town of Frarce, in the depariment of Gers, feated an the Douze, 15 m w Auch. Vicfgrad, a town of^ungary, with a caftie on the top of a rock, in which the crown of Hungary was formerly kept. It ie feated on the s (Ide of the Danube, 8 m SE Oran, and 16 vw Buda. Vicentino, 1 country of Italy, in the territory of Venice; bounded on the n by Trentino and Fcltrino, e by Trevi- fano and Paduano, s by Paduano, and w by Veroncfe. It is ^5 m long and ^^ broad, and io pleafant and fertile, that it is called the garden and flelh-market of Venice. Here are alfo mines of filver and iro", and quarries of ftone, almoft as fine as marble. Vicenza, a city of Italy, the capital of Vicentino, and a bilhop's fee. It has no walls, but is a large place, adorned with above zo palaces from the defigns of Palladio, who was bom here. The ca- thedral is cinbclliflied with marble, and has fome good paintings. There are above 60 other churches, and in that of St. Corona, the high altar and the paint- ing by Paul Veronefe of the Magi pay- ing adoration to Chrill, attradl particular notice. la the fine fquare before the townhoufe are two lofty columns, with St. Mark's winged lion on one of them, and on the other a ftatue of our Sa- viour. T'.c other remarkable places are the Monte della Pi(fla with its fine library, the Palazzo Vechio with its ad- mirable paintings, theTheatrum Olym- picum after the model of the amphi- theatre of Palladio, and the triumphal arche'. in the public promenade of Cam- po Marzo. 1 he principal manufa(ftures are filk, uamafk, and taffeta. Ab lut 4 m from the city, on a mountain, is the church of Delia Madonna di Monte Berico, which is much frequented by pilgrims,and hasa finefrontifpiece, with a convent ciofe by. Vicenza i» feated in VIE a fertile plain, between two hills, at the union of the rivulets Bachi(»lione and Rerone, ai m e Verona, and 31 w Ve- nice. Lon. I f 40 K, lat. 45 j8 N. Vic/iy, a towd of Franct;, in the de- pirtment of Allier, neir which are fome mineral fprings. It is leated on the Al- lier, 40 m s Moulins Vico, a town of Naples, in Principato Citra, near the bay of Naples, 5 m me Sorento. Vico, a town of Corfici, in which is the cathedral of the bilhop of Sagona, a town now in ruins It is feated near the gulf of Sagona, 10 m nnk Ajaccio, and ay sw Corte. Vicovaro, a town of Italy, in the pro- vince of Sabina, feated near the Teve- rone, 10 m NRTivuli. Victoria, a town of Terra Firma, in the province of Caracas, with one of the mod beautiful churches in the country ; featod in a well-cultivated diltn(ft, near the river Tuy, 30 m sw Leon. Vi£loria Fort ; fee Bancout. Vieljk, a town of Rnflia, in the go- vernment of Vologda, fituate on the Vaga, 156 m nne Vologda. Lon. 41 45 f-t lat. 61 40 N. Vienna, a city of Germany, capital of Auftria, and an archbifhop's fee. It ftands in a fertile plain, on the right bank of the Danube, at the influx of the little river Vien. The city itfelf is not of great extent, nor can it be en- larged, being limited by ftrong fortifi- cations, but it is populous, and con- tains 78,000 inhabitaiils. The ftreets in general are narrow, and the houfes high ; but there are feveral fine fquares, and in that called Jofeph-fquare, is a co- loiTal equeftrian ftatue in bronze of JoG'ph ir. Some of, the public build- ings are magnificent ; the chief of them are the imperial palace, the palaces of the princes, the imperial chancery, the imperial arfenal, the city arfcnal, the mint, the general hofpital, the town- houfe, the cuftomhoufe, the bank, the library, and the mufeurT\^ Vienna was incfFedtually bcfieged by the 'I'urks, in 15B9 and 1683. At the latter period, the fiepe was raifed by John Sobiefki, king of Poland, who totally defeated the Turkilli army. No houfes with- out the walls are allowed to be built nearer to the glacis than 600 yards ; fo that there is a circular field of that breadth all round the city, which has a beautiful and falutary efFe ftuffs, gold and filvor lace, tapeftry, looking-glaiTes, &c. In 1805, this city lurrendered to the French and their allies ; but was given up by the peace at Prelburg. It is 50 m w Prefburg, 350 USE Rome, and 570 e Paris. Lon. 16 16 e, lat. 48 13 N^- Fiennat a town of Maryland, in Dor- chefter county. It carries on a brilk trade with the neighbouring feaportS; and is fituate on the NanticokC) 1 50 m 9W Philadelphia. y^ienne, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ifere, feated on the Rhone, over which it had formerly a bridge, but only fome piers remain. In the 5th century, the Burgundians made it the capital of their kingdom. Before the revolution, it was the fee of an arch- bifhop, and the capital of a province called Vicnnois. The cathedral is a bandfome Gothic ftrudlure. In 13 n, a general council was held here, at which pope Clement v prelided, and among other matters, the fiippreflion of the Knights Templars was determin- ed. The commerce of Vienne confills in wine, filks, and fword-blades- It is 15 m ssE Lyon, and 38 nw Grenoble. Lon. 456 E, lat. 4^ 32 N. Vienne, a department of France, form- ed of part of the late province of Poitou. It takes its name from a river, which rifes in the department of Correze, and flows into the Loire 5 m above Saumur. Poitiers is the capital. Vietmet (>/»•« a department of France, VI L comprifing the late province of Limofin. Limoges is the capital. Htrraden, a town of Brandenburg, in the Uckcr mark, feated on the Vdli-, near its conflux «iih the Ode, u ni Ese Prenzlo. 1'ierz.on, a town of France, in the de- partment of Cher, famous for its forges ; Icated on the Cher, near the influx of the Yevre, 17 m nw Bourges, and 48 % by E Orleans. VeiiH, a town of Naplii;, in Capita- nata, on the gulf of Venice, m the place called the Spur of the Boot, and at the foot of mount Gargano, 35 m ne Man- frcdonta. Lon. 16 40 E, lat. 41 51 n. Viett St- or St, nt/i, a town of thp Netherlands, in Luxemburg, near the fource of the Uren, 24 m sse Limburg, and 48 N Luxemburg. yigan, a town of France, in the de- partment of Gard, xxm wsw Alais,ai)d 3« wNW Nifmes. Vigevanot a town of Italy, in ISIi- lanefe, with a ftrong callle on a rock j feated near the Tefino, 16 m sw Milan. Vtgnoty a town of France, in the de- partmen, of Meufe, on the river Meufe, 16 m E Bar le Due, and 24 sse Verdun. Vtgnuola, or Hgftola, a town of Italy, in Modeneie, 15 m se Modena. Vigot a feaport of Spain, in Galicia, fituate on a bay of the Atlantic, de- fended by a fort on an eminence, and an old caftle. It has a good harbour, into which, in 1702, the Engliih and Dutch fleet forced their paflage, and made themfelves maftcrs of the Sp.mifh plate-fleet, when jull arrived from Ame- rica. In 17 19, the Englifli got pofTef- fion of Vigo, but relinquifiied it after raifing contributions, it (lands in a fruitful country, 14 m WNwTuy, and 47 s Compoftella. Lon. 8 40 w, lat. 42 14 N. Vibieis, a town of France, in the de- partment of Mayenne and Loire, ao m s Angers, and so wby s Saumur. Vilaine, a river of France, which rifts in the department of Mayenne, pafTes by Vitre and Rcnnes, divides the de- partment of Morbihan from that of Lower Loire, and enters the bay ot Bif- cay, below Roche Bernard. V?lla de Condey a town of Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho, at the mouth of the Ava, 20 m N Oporto. Ftlla FloKy a town of Portugal, in Tra los Montes, 28 m s by w Braganza. Villa Franca, a feaport of the county of Nice, with a caiHe and fort. The harbour is capacious, and the moun- tains which enclofe it extend into the fea like promontories. It was taken VIL by the French in 1705, by the French and Spaniards in 1744. and by the French in 1791. It is 3 m e Nice. Villa Francot a town of Italy, in Vc- roni'le, with a filk manufadure, 10 m s Verona. Villa Francot a town of Portugal, in Eftremadura, on theelluary of the Tajo, 30 m N'E Lifbun. Villa Francat a town on the s coaft of St' Michael, one of tiie Azores, de- fended by a fort and other works. Op- pofite this place, half a mile from the {hore, is a fmall idand, which has a badn with a narrow entrance, where 50 ydl'ds might anchor in fecurity. It is 16 m B by N Punta del Guda. Lon. 35 30 w, lat. 37 50 N. Vtlla Franca de Panadts^ a town of Spain, in Catalonia, with manufadtiires of fmall arms and linen, and feveral brandy diltilleries, 18 m w by s Bar- celona. Villa Ihrmofot a town of Spain, in Valencia, near the river Millas, $8 m n Valencia. Villa Hermofa, a town of New Spain, in the province of Tabafco, on the river Tabafco, 60 m sw Tabaico, and 7* ne Cbiapa. Villa de Horta, the capital of the ifland of Fayal, one of the Azores. It is feated on the w coaft, and has a har- bour, land-locked on every fide except the E and n£, and defended by feveral forts. Lon. 28 41 w, lat. 38 3 a n. Villa d^lnglejiast a town of Sardinia, and a bilhop's fee, 35 m wsw Cagliari. Villa Joio/ht or Joi/Ja, a town of Spain, in Valencia, on the coaft of the Mediterranean, 18 m eme Alicant, and 24 s Gandia. Villa Nova d'Ajli, a fortified town of Piedmont, 14 m w Afti. Villa Nova da CerverOt a town of Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho, fituate on the Minho, near its mouth, 27 m NW Braga, and 45 n Oporto. Villa Nova de Portimao, a fortified feaport of Portugal, in Algarva, on a river that forms a fpacious and fecure harbour, defended by two forts- It is 9 m ENE Lagos, and 42 w by s Tavira. LoD.K 27 w,i^t. 37 12 N. Filla Nova de Porto, a town of Por- tugal, in £ntre Douro e Minho, feated on the Douro, oppofite Oporto (on which it depends) and defended by fe- veral forts. Villa Nova de Principe^ a town of Brafil, fituate near the diamond mines, 130 m w Porto Seguro. Villa Real, a town of Portug^, in Tra lo» Monies, at the conflux of the Corgo VIL and Rlbera, 1 » m n by e Lamego, nd 38 SE Braganza. Villa Heal, a town of Spain, in Va- lencia, near the Minjares, 40 m nnk Valencia. Filla Heal, a town of Brafil, in the province of Spiritu Santo, 150 m w by • Spiritu Santo. Fil/a Jiica, a town of Chili, on the lake Malabangen, 60 m ne Valdivia. Villa Vicio/a, a fortified town of Por- tugal, in Alentejo, with an old caftle» and a palace where the ilukes of Bra- ganza formerly refided. In the fuburb »8 an ancient temple, originally built to the honour of i^roferpine ; and in the neighbourhood are quarries of fine green marble. It is 13 m sw Elvas, and 33 n e tvora. Villa Vicio/a, a town of Spain, in Afturlas, feated on the bay of Bifcay, 32 m NE Oviedo. Fi/lacli, a town of Germany, in Ca- rinthia, with a caftle. Near it are me- dicinal baths. It is feated" at the con- flux of the Geil with the Drave, i6 m w by s Clagenfurt. nilaine, a town of France, in the department of Mayenne, 16 m e by K Mayenne. Villalgardo, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, feated on a hill, near the river Gabriel, 50 m se Cuenza. Fillalpandoi a town.of Spain, in Leon, 37 ms Leon. Villamiel, a town of Spain, in Leon, 48 m s Ciudad Rodrigo. Villarino, a town of Spain, in Leon, on the river Douro and confines of Por- tugal, 45 m WNw Salamanca. Villedieu, a town of France, in the department of Manche, 12 m nne Avranches, and 18 se Coutances. Villefurt, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lozere, 18 m e Mende, and 19 N Alais. Villtfranche, a town of France, in the department of Rhone, furrounded by walls, and feated on the Saone, 18 m n by w Lyon. Fillefranche, a town of France, in the department of Eaftern Pyrenees, with a fort ; feated on the river Tet, 25 m •wsvsr Perpignan. Villefranclie, a town of France, in the department of Avei'on, with a great trade in linen cloth ; feated on the Avei- ron, 20 m w Rodez. Villefranclie, a town of France, in the department of Upper Garonne, on the canal royal, 22 m se Touloufe. Viilejuive, a town of France, in the department of Paris, 4ms Paris. FtlUmur, a town of France, in the VIN department of Upper Garonnet feated on the Tarn, ii m nnb Touloufe. VilUna, a town of Spain, in Murcia, with acdllli", formerly of great flrength. In the netghbuurhooi) iH a morai's, from which fal': in made. It is i8 m ssk A1- tnanza, and 5c n by e Murcia- yUUneuve, a town of France, in the department of Lot and Oaronne, on the river Lot« 17 m n Agcn. JUleneuve, a town of France, in the department of Gard, on the river Rhone, oppofite Avignon, 21 m f.ke Ifi/Vnes. f^iHeneuje, a town of SwiiTerland, in the canton of Bern, at the E extremity of the lake of GenevH, 3 m from the intlux of the Rhone, and 14 ese L'^lU- fannp. ViUeneuve de f^ergt a town of Trance, in the dtpartment of Ardeche, 13 m s Privan. Fillers CeteretJ, a totvn of France, in the department of Ailre, iz m sw Soil- ions, and 44 NE Paris. yitl'inffen, a tow., of Suabia, in Brif- f;au, ftrong by nature on account of the urrotinilinp mountains and narrow pafli's HfTc i' a B«?nedidline abbey, and a good baih in the neighbourhood. It is ao m E by N Friburg. yU/eck, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Bambcrg.near which are leverai founderies. It is feated on the Vila, 20 m N Amberg Viljbofeny a town of Lower Bavaria. I" 1745) ^'^^ Auftrians took it by dorm. It (tands on the Danube, at the influx of the Viils, 1 1 m w by N Paflau. Vilvordetti a town of the Netherlands, in Brabant, with an ancient caftle ; feat- ed on the Senne, 7 m n n e Bruflcls VIN FiHCfnt, Cap* St. the sw promontory of Portugal, a5 m w by « Lagos. Lon. 9 o w, lat. !?7 3 w. yintent, ^V. one of the Caribe idamls, in the W Indies, lying 55 m to the w of Harbados. It is inhabited by Ca- ribs, a warlike race of Indians, between whom and thi^ :iMu:.iiSiitSL:::M&! VIR Has, featcd on the bay of BifoAy, 9 m w t>y 8 SantilUna. Vingorla, a town of Hindooftati, in Concan. About 10 m to the wn-.v art: fome rocks in the feu, called Vingorla Rocks- The town is tituute near tiie mouth of a river, 2510 nnw Goa. Lon. 73 J7 K,lat. n 51 N. Vintimif(li»% a town of the territory of Genoa, with a fmall harbour, and a ftrong cattle on a high rock. In 1746, it was taken by the king of Sardinia ; but recovered in 1747, by the Geiiocfc, with the aCfiltancc of the French. It is feated on tlu; Mediterranean, at the mouth of the Rotta, ao m nk Nice, and a4SwOnpglia. Lon. 7 37 K,lat.43 53 n. Fifalanca, or Uj Palankay a town of Hungary, in the bannat of Tcmefwar, with a fortrels; feated on the KarafB, near its entrance into thn Danube. 41 m K Belgrade, and 58 s Temefwar. Vique\ fee Vic- V- -e, a town of France, . the depart- ment of Calvados, with manufactures of coarfe woollen cloihs ; feated on the Vire, 30 m SE Coutances, and 150 w Paris. Virgin^ Cape^ a cape of Patagonia, at the entrance of the itrait of Magellan ; fu called by Magellan, becaufe iu dif. covered it on the fealt of St. Urfuia. Lon. 67 54 w, lat. 5a 33 s. Virgin Gorda, or Spanifitonvn^ one of the Virifin illands, in the W Indies. It has two good harbours, and is de- fended by a tort. Lon. 64 o w, Jat. iS li N. Virgin IJlandsy about 30 iflands and keys, in the VV Indies, between St. Juan de Puerto Rico and the Leewarc Caribe iflands. They are poflefled by the Englifli and Danes. lo the lirjl divifion, belonging to the Englifh, is Tortola, to which belong Joft Van Dyke, Little Van Dike, Guana, Beef, and Thatch iflands. In the fecond di- vifion ib Virgin Gorda, to which belong Anegada, Nicker, Prickly Pear, the Muikitos, the Commanoes, &c. Of the Baiiilh iflaridB, the principal are St. Thomas and St. John. Virginia, one of the United States of America, bounded on the s by N Caro- lina and Tenneflee, w by Kentucky and the ftate of Ohio, N by Pennfyl- vania and Maryland, and e by the At- lantic ocean. Jt is 446 m long and 224 broad, and divided into Si counties. Several ridges of mountains crofs the country from n to s, the moft eafterly above 100 m from the Atlantic. Here ixt ffliues of lead, copper, iron, and VIS coal ; marble is found in great quanti> tics, and Umeflonc; and many medi» ciual fpringb luve bren dilcovcred in different parts. Tlu' principal river* are tlit; James, Yni |j, Kappaliannoc, and lotomac, W'liicli an; lull of convenient harbours; and there are many other rivers, fome of which are capable of receiving the lar^'i-ft merchant fliips. The land toward the mouths of the ri- vers is generally low, and fit for rice, ht-mp, and maize; that higher up is gtnirully kvtl, and watered by fprings. I lie land near the fca, is generally landy, and without Hones, that the horses here are Icldom Ihod. The richeft lands lie near ilic branches of the rivers, and abound with various forts of timber, furprifingly large. The principal pro- duce is tobijcco, wheat, and maize. In 1 810, the number of inhabitants was 965. 079- The capital is Richmond. Virnenberg, a town of France, in the department of Rhine and Mofelle, late- ly of Germany, in the decorate of Treves; feated near the Neflc, 26 m WNwCoblentK. Virion, a town of the Netherlands, in the duchy of Luxemburg, 32 m w Luxemburg. Vifagapatam, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of Cicacole, 50 m sw Cica- cole, and loo Nt Rajamundry. I'ifchma, a town of RufTia, m the go- vernment of Tobollk, 268 m sw To- boUk. Lon. 61 22 E, lat. 62 36 N. Vifety a fortified town of the Nether- lands, in the duchy of Limburg, feated on the Meufe, 15 m nw Limburg. Vifiu, a city of Portugal, in Bcira, and a bifhop's fee. It was founded by the Romans, who called it Vifontium, and (tunds amid mountains, 50 m nb Coimbra. Lon. 7 42 w, lat. 40 j6 n. Vijbttei Volojhek, a town of Rullia, in the government of Tver. It has a canal, which, by uniting the Tverza and the Mfta, connects the inland na- vigation betw«en the Cafpian and the Baltic ; and above 4000 veiTels pafs it annually. The merchandtfe of Aftra- can, and other parts of the s of Ruina« are brought to this place, which is fpa- cious, and full of buildings and ihops. It is feated on the river Zua, 80 m »w Tver. Vifiapour, a country of the Deccait of Hindooftan, lying to the e of Concar^ between the Kiftna and its tributary ftream the Beema. It is fubjetft to the Poonah Mabrattas, and famous for mines of diamonds. Vifiapur, or Bejapeur, a city of Hin- .111 • ■■■A. VIT Jooftin* eipiUl of the country of Vifia- pour. It ii 150 m SR Poena, and 340 M by w Seringapatam. Lon- 75 19 t, lat. 17 s6 M. VifOf a mountain of the Maritime Alpit in Piedmont, noted tur giving fotirce to the river Po. Viji, North and Souths two iflanil* of the Hebrides, on the w coaft of Scot- land. N Uift is ao m long and 12 broad I and the face of the country cor- rerponds with that of Lewis. 8 Uilt is 33 m long and 7 broad, and trees are here equally unknown. Many cows are annually exported ; but kelp is the fta- plc commodity, of which nbove looo tons are annually m^nufa(5tured in each. The idand of Benbecula lies between them, and they arc each about 16 m to the w of the moft western point of the iflf of Skye. Hjlula, a ri^'er that rifes in the Car- pathian mount-iins on the confines of Moravia and Hungary, flows through Poland, and Pruflia, by Cracow, San- domir, Warfaw, Culm, Marienburg, and Dantzic, and enters the Baltic, by three mouths. FiterbOf a town of Italy, capital of the patrimony of St. Peter, and a bifhop's fee. It contains 1 6 pariflichurches, nu- merous convents, :ind many palaces and fountains. Near the city is a hot mineral fpring, much frequented. It is i'eatcd at the foot of a mountain, in a beautiful valley, 40 m nnw Rome. Lon. iz z6 E, lat. 4Z 25 N. nth, St. fee Vift, St. Vitre, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ille and Vilaine, with a trade in linen cloth, and knit ftockings and gloves ; feated on the Vilaine, 20 m fiz Renncs, and 52 se St. Malo. Vitry le Brule, a village of France, a m NE Vitry le Francois. It was for- merly a conGderable town, but was burnt by Lewis v 1 1 , and on this account called Brule. The Englifli and Bur- gundtans, in the war with Charles vii, fet fire to Vitry, and 60 villages. It was a third time burned and ruined by the troops of emperor Charles v. Vitry le Frangois, a town of France, in the department of Marne, built by Francis r, after the deftruction of Vitry le Brule by Charles v. It has a trade in corn, and is Teated on the Marne, 15 m SE Chalons, and 100 e Paris. Vitteaux, a town of France, in the department of Cote d'Or, feated on the river Braine, among the mountains, where there are quarries of marble, 12 jn s£ Semur, and 27 w Dijon. VLA Vittftria, a city of Spain, capital of the diilriA of Alava, in Bifcay. It ii furrounded by double walls, and tht large (Ireets are bordered with trees. In the principal Iquare are the townhoulb, two convents, and a fine fountuiti. It has a great trade in hardware, pariicu* larly in l'word*blad<'8, which are made here in large quantities. Near this city, on June 11, iHi3,a moft complete vic- tory was obtained by the allied forces under lord Wellington, over the French army under Jerome Bonaparte and marihal Jourdan. It is feated in a plain, fertile in corn and grapes, 31 m sg Bilboa, and 155 v Madrid. Lon. a 38 w, lat. 42 45 M. yittoria, a town of Sicily, in Val di Noto, and county of Modica. It hai a trade in corn, wine, and oil, and ftandi in a plain, 15 m wnw Modica. Vivarezt a late territory of France, in the ne part of Langucdoc. on the banks of the Rhone, which parts it from Dauphiny. It now forms the departnniCDt of Ardeche. Vivtroi a town of Spain, in Galicia, at the foot of a fteep mountain, near the river Vivero or Laiidrova, which flows into the bay of Bifcay. It is aa m Nw Mondonnedo. Fmiers, a town of France, in the de- partment of Ardeche, and lately a hi- iliop's fee. It is feated among rocks (on one of which the cathedral is built) on the river Rhone, 16 m s by f. Privas. Lou. 4 41 E, bt. 44 29 N, Fizini, a town of Sicily, in Val dl Noto, 25 m NNW Noto. ' Vkenjko'h a town of Ruflia, in the go- vernment of Tobolflt, at the conflux of the Irtifch and Oby, 196 m n Tobolik. Lon. 69 15 E, lat. 61 10 N. Ukraine^ a country of Europe, lying on the borders of Poland, RulTia, and Little Tartary. Its name fignifies a frontier. By a treaty between Ruflia and Poland,' in 1693, the latter remain- ed in poHVilion of the Ukraine, on the w fide of the Dnieper, which confti- tuted a palatinate called Kiof; while the E fide was allotted to RulTia, and called the government of Kiof; but Ruflia having obtained the Polifii patt, by the treaty of partition, in 1793, the whole belongs now to that power. That part of ihe Ukraine, on the w fid< of the Dnieper, is but indifferently cul- tivated j but that on the e fide, inha- bited by the Cofiacs, is in much better condition. The principal town is Kiof. See Cojfacs. Vladimir ; fte Volodimir. ULM Vlala, a town of Hindonftan, in Ca- narat fcatcd on the w fide of the foiith- ern arm of the lake of Maogalore, 3 m $w iVJingiilorc. Vlapoolt i» town of Scotland, in Rofj. (hire, on the k fide of the narrow part of Loch Broom, at the mouth of a river of im name, with a good harbour and commodious road. It is .1 great filhing llntiuri, and (ituate in the midft of a wool country, 30 m Nw Dingwall. Lon. 5 3 w, iat. 57 54 N. Viea, or U/iuiiorg, a feaport of Swe- (jrn, capital of E Bothnia, with the ruin of u caltie on an ifland, and a commo' dious harbour. The chief exports are butter, tallow, dried fifli, mid tar. In i7i4> this town was demolifhod by the Kullians ; and in 1808, the Swedes fur- rencleri-d it ' o the RulTians. It is fituate iit the mouth of the Ulca, 340 in N by B Abo. Lon. 24 40 K» Iat- 65 18 N. yiieland \ fee I'lie. Uitetea, one of the Society ifles, in the i'acitic ocean. It has a good har- bour on the w fide, c.iHed Ohamaneno. Lon. 151 3« w, Iat. 16 45 8. Ullfwaicr, a lake on the borders of Wcllmorland and Cumberland, 10 m to the N of Amblelide. It is 8 m long, and abounds with char and other fi(h. The river Eamont flows through this lake, and by Penrith, to the Eden, forming that part of the boundary line between the two counties. Ulntf a free city of Suabia, whofe territory is 37 m long and ai broad- It is a fortified, large, and bandfome place ; in which the archives of the imperial towns of Suabia were preferved, and the diet of the circle was generally held. The cathedral is a magnificent itrudture. Here is an excellent college, with a theological feminary aimexed ; and a convent for the daughters of the nobility and citizens, who are here educated, and afterward at liberty to marry. The other moft remarkable buildings are the ^bbey of St. Michael, commonly called Wengen, the townhoufe, the arfenal, the magazines, and the valuable town library. The inhabitants arc proteftante, and eftimated at 15,000; they have a good trade in linens, fullians, paper, wine, and wood. The duke of Bavaria took it in 1702, by ftratagem ; but iur- rendered it after the battle of Blenheim, in 1704. It was taken by the French in 1796, and it furrendered to them in 1805. It is feated at the conflux of the Blau with the Danube, oppufite the in- flux of the Her, 38 m w by n Auglburg, and 40 SB Stulgard. Lon. 9 56 &$ Iat. 4344*. UMM UlmfH, a town of France, in the de« partment of Rhine and Mofelle, lately of Germany, in the elciftoratc of Treves, 48 m w Coblcntz. Ulotfio, or Vlothow, a town of Weft* phalia, in the county of Ravenfberg, near which is a medicinal fpring. It is 6ms Mindcn. Ulrichjhin^ a town of (icrmany, in Upper Heire. with a fortified caftle, 15 m SB Mirburj?. Vlricjhamn^ a town of Sweden, in W Oc/thlaiid, formerly called Bogcfund, the prefent name being given it, in 1741, in compliment to queen Ulrica Elcanora. It has a conQderdhle trade in cattle, provifioni. tobacco, &c. and is 50 m E Ootheburg. Uljjer, a province of Ireland, 116 m long and i«o broad ; bounded on the % by the Irifh fea, n by the Northern ocean, w by the Atlantic ocean, sw by the province of Connaught, and s by that of Lciiifter. It contains the coun- ties of Donegal, Londonderry, Antrim, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Monaghan, Ar- magh, Down, and Cavan. The princi« pal place is Londonderry. U/tzen, or Feitzen, a town of Lower Saxony, in the duchy of Luneburg, with a trade in flour and wool ; feated on the Ilmeuau, 40 m ssi Luneburg. Ulverjlon, a town in Lancaftiire, with a market on Monday. It is feated at the foot of fome hills, near a fliallow arm of the Irilh fea, and has a canal to the eftuary of the Leven. Since the decline of Dalton, it has coniiderably increafed ; and has manufadlures of cot- ton, check, canva»j, and hats. It is the port of the diftriA of Furnefs, and ex- ports much corn, limeftone, iron ore, and blue Hate. It is 18 m mw Lancaf* ter, and 261 nnw London. Lon. 3 iz w, Iat. 54 14 N. Uma, or Umea, a feaport of Sweden, capital of W Bothnia. The houfes are built of wood; and it ftands at the mouth of the river Uma, in the gulf of Bothnia, 310 m n by £ Stockholm. Lon. 19 18 E, Iat 63 58 N. Umajfo, a linall feaport of Iftria, feat- ed near the gulf Largona, la m sw Capo d'Iftria. Umbria, a name fometimes given to the duchy of Spoleto. Umbria was the northern province of ancient Italy, ex- tending N from the Nar to the Ru- bicon. Umbriaticoi a town of Naples, in Ca- labria Citra, feated on theLipuda, 15 m N by w St. Severina. Ummerapooray a city and the metro- polis of the Birman empire, with a fpa- ft C ', iiPi W ('■ n ii'' ^m^ hi ■ fTNI « The inhabitants are Roman catholics. Stanz is the capital of the Lower Valley, and Sarnen of the Upper and of the whole canton. U»gvar, a town and fort of Hungary, capital of a county of the fame name. It ftands on an ifland formed by the Ung, 57 m E CaiTuvia. Lon. zz 23 t, lat 4H 42 N. Vniegoiv, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Lenczicz, with a f^ne caftle belonging to the archbilhop of Gi.efen ; feated on the Warta, ao m ""w L^''- czicz. Union, a town of Pennfylvapia, chief of Fayette county. It is fituate on Red- ftone creek, 14 m s by E Brownfville, and 38 N£ Morgantown. Vaitn, a town of New York, in UNI Tiogi county, where the judicial coiiifi are held in On ftatrs, namely, MufTa- chulets. New Hampfltire, Rhode inanil, t'onnedicut, New York, New Ji-rley, I'eniifylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir. ginia. North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The ftates of Kentucky, Vermont, Tonn.inec, and Ohio, haij fince bicn foinied, and added to them, alfo the territoi ics of New Orleans, MiC fiflippi, Indiana, Columbia, Illinois, and Michigan. The country of Louifiana likewili; belongs to the United Statei. Thefe diftri^s are all noticed in thii work in their proper places. The total number of inhabitants in the United States in 1791 was 3,93^,326; in iHoi it was 5,305,638; and in 1810 it wai 7,238,421. No part of the globe islu well fupplied with rivers, great and fmall fprings, afid lakes, as the United States ; that a communication by water, from one extremity to the oihir, is more eafy than in England ; and a great multitude of bays and exct^llent har- bours are ob the coalt of every maritime Itate. In the large towns, the houles are of brick ; in the others, and their environs, the half, and often the whole of them, are of planks ; but 8j m from the iea, in the central and foiithern ftates, and flill more particularly in thofew of the Allegany mountains, feveii- tenths of the inhabitants live in log- houfcs. Thefe houles are made of the trunks of trees, from ao to 30 feet long, and four or five inches in diameter, laid one upon another, and Aipported by letting tiieir ends into each other; the fpaces between the trunks arc filled with clay ; they have two doors, which ate hung with wooden hinges, and thefe frequently fiipply the place of windows: neither nails nor iron of any fort are ufed. The 13 original ftates long flou- rished as provinces of Great Britain; but parliament attempting to tax them by its fole authority, without the inter- vention of their aflemblies, a civil war enfued. The Americans formed aeon- gref?, which, in 1776, difclaimcd all de- pendence on the mother country : the vol French king enierrti into an alliance with them in 177U ; the colonir*, pow eifully aflTillcd t»y Fr:incc, were lucceft- ful; and Great Britain ackiiuwIciiKed thrir iruicpcnilfiice by tlic pcaci- of 1783. 'Ihc ftderal oonltUution of the United StatfH ii Kovr rncd Uy a coot^rt'l'ii, confiding of a prclident. vici'-prrlidKnt, feiiatc, and lioiifc of rrpu'li-ntaiivfs. — The reprrll-ntaiivea art* •'Icdcd evrry ffcond yt-.ir; the fcnatoiK aif chofcn for fix yearn, and the prcfidt nt .muI vice- prefident fur four: general WalhiiiKton was elected the firft prclident in 171^8. The United States, in 1812, «iit(.rid into a war a(;ain(l Great Hritain. Dur- ing the campaign of 1813 they ^.lincd Eoin-flion of feveral of the lortrcU'cs in 'pper Cinnda, and advanced fur into that province; but they were not able to maintain their ground : on tlu> likcy the cumbut .w;ir. nriort' equitiy poiled; for the Uritifli n;ival foree was barely uiffici«'nt to keep at bay the n;iv;il force of the United States, 'i'he city of Wa(h- iogtun is the metropolis. I'/ifia, a town ol Weftphalia, in the county of iMaik, environed by wnlls and ditches, and tormcrly a conliderabie hanfeatic town. It is felted on the Kottelbeck, 10 m ssw Ham. Unna, a river of European Turkey, which rifes in Bofnia, on the frontiers of Croatia, pane» by Wihiifch, and joins the Save, j6 m above Gradifca. Unnary, a town of Sweden, in the province of Smoland, 43 m w Wexio. Uri^, the moft northern of the Shet- land iflands, and of the Britilh domi- nions. It is 10 m long and 4 broad, and more level than the other iflcs- It feeds many (beep, horned cattle, and hogs ; and about &o tons of cured fi(h are an- nually exported. The nk point is called Lamba Nefs. Lon. o 10 w, lat. 60 55 N. Unter/een, a town of SwiflVrland, in the canton of Bern, near wnieh is the famous cavern of St. Pat. It itands on the river Aa, between the lukes Brientz and Thun, 23 m sse Bern. Unza, a town of Ruffia, in a province of the fame name, in the government of Koftroma. It is fituate on the river Unza, gi m bne Koitroma. Lon. 44 15 '^f lat. 57 56 ». Foghera, a town of Italy, in Milanefe, feated on the btaffora, 9 m nu Tor- tona. Foglabrutkt a town of Auftria, on the river Vogcl, aK m he ilalzbug, and jrf sw Lintz. Voif^i a town of France, in the de- VOL partment of Meufe, 18 m bik Bar le Due. yoi^tlandt a tirritory of Upper Si«» ony, in the .hw p«rt o* thr muiqiiilate of Mdhia, hounded on the w by Ttm- rin^i,! ;md l-'ranconi.i ii ix very hilly, ami ahoiiiidi in wi> jJ ; but tlu* valliei atlort! plenty of cor, and palture, and f-M-d ;^r«'ttt numbers of excellent caule. Plaiiiii U the capital. / oi/ljberg, a town and citadel of Up- p«'r >*,i\uny, in Voigtland, 5 m » by e I'lancn. iVitjherg, a town of Germany, \n Stiria, leated on the Kainacb, iS in vi by 8 Oratz. P'oktliuark, or Folkenmark, a town of Oermnny, in C'arinthia, Icattil on the Drave, 17 m k by s l,'lagenfurt. yulario, a town of itsly, in iM-rrarefe. feated on the gulf of Venice, at one of the mouths ot the Po, },.\ m k rcrran. yolcanot one of the i.ugeft of the Li- pari illancU, in the Mtditerr>4ne.^n, lying s of that of Lip^ri, from which it it fep:irated by a deep channel, a mile and a hnlf broad. It is 1 2 m in cir- cuit, and is a volc;uio, in the form of a broken cone, but now emits fmoke only. folcanel/o, a fmall volcanic ifland in the Mediterranean, between that of Li- pari and Volcano. Folgn, a river of RuHla, which forms part ot the boundary between Europe a:id Alia. It hus itri fource in tvo lh\all lakes in the government of Plel- kof, about 80 m w of Tver, hegius to be navigable a few m above ili.it town, and is there augmented by the influx of the Tverza. it waters Ibnif of the finell piovinces, of iht KiifiTHn empire, pjilles by Jarofl.tul, Kollioma, Nilhnei, Novogorud, Kafan, Simbirlk, Saratof, Tzariiziii, and Ailracan, and enters the Cdfpian fea by feveral mouths. — This is fuppofcd to be the largtft rivtr in EuT'ip^ ; and by means of it, the river Tverza, and a c.ki,'.! thence to the N»*va, there is a iiavigahlc; comnuinita- tion between th'; Cafpian lea and the Baltic. yolluji'la^ a palatinate of Ru .Tun Po- land, J20 m long and i;,o brrwd ; bound- ed »»n the N by Polelia, r. by Kioi', s by Pidolia, and w by AuHrian Poir^.iid. It confilts chiefly of fcruli; plains watered by a great number of rivers. Lucko jb tlu capital. f-'ulletihovertt a town of Holland, in O'A , flel, with a caftle; feated on l.'ie Z>;iii("- zee, 8 m sw Siccnwicb, and u MW Zwoll. ti ¥ I ' ( ■"^r-'i-^- JMfH. tj vo r yit/fnar, R town of Uuflia, In the fO' Vfrnmcnt of Rigii on the Hm r Aa, Ao m NK Rig.i. f'n/o, a town of luironeur Turkey, In Thcfruly. with a citadel and a tort. It was taken, and almofl ruinrd, in i^^u by tlic Vrnetianii. It li fciti'd on a gulf of the (iimc name, where thrrc it a good iurbour. jo m sk Lanfla. Ie de- partment of Puy de Dome. Here are vou immrnrc quarries, which furnilh mitr. Halt for (he builctinK* of the adi.ictrii (owni,and tortile lUluet in the churchi'i. It is 6 \\\ M CUimont FtmitKa, a town of luiropein Turkey, in Liv.idia, with f caille ; leatrd .it the hejd o( .t ! ep bay on th«' s fide of the gulf of / •, 1; m »sw Arta, and uq NW Li-p^i • y^erH, a tort of Holland, in Odder- land, on a Imall ifland formed by tlit Wjal and the Meufe, at the r. end of Bonunclwert, 7 m e by n Bommel. Foorn, an ifland of S Holland, be tween the mouths of the Meufe, 20 m long and 5 broad. This iflami, with Ooree and Overllackee, form the terti. tory called Vonrnland, which anciently belonged to Zealand. Briel is the capital. Fordfrif a town of Weftphilia, in the principality of Ofnaburg, so m nms Ofnabnrg. Fordon, a town of W Prnfli.i, on thf Villula, where a toll is culleded from fliips going up and down mat river. It is 15 m ssw Culm- I'oringen, a town of Suabia, in the principality of Hohrnzollern, fituatc on the Laiichart, 10 m se Hohenzolltrn. yoronetz, a government of Ruflia, and one of the richeft countries in the em- pire, abounding in corn, cattle, and other neceflaries of life- VoronetZt a town of Ruflii, capital of a government of the fame rwime. Here Peter the great built his firft fliip of war, when he projected the conqucfl of the Black fea. It then did not cunlifl of above a hundred wooden huts, but is now a handfome town, and holds inter- courfe with all parts of the empire. Here are confiderabh* manufr.dturcs of woollen cloth and hardware ; and greafe, prepared from the fubftance of cattle, 18 a great article of trade. The town is ftronv by nature, and feated on the Vo- ronetz, near its jundtion with the Don, 230 m ssb Moicow- Lon. 39 44 l, Ut. 5a 36 N. yofgesy a department of France, in. eluding the ^t part of the late province of' Lorrain. It is fo called from a chain of mountains, formerly covered with wood, that fcparates this department from thofe of Upper Saone and Upper Rhine. Epinal is the capital- Fourla, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natolia, feated on two eminences near the pnlf of ' myrna, 30 m w by s Smyrna. VouilU, a village of France, in the de- partment of Vienne, lo m w Poitiers. Here Ctuvis gained a battle, in 507. II l»S afainit AUrlc, king of i\\v Vifinotht. which cxtfritlcd the I'rciicli cmpin* fruin thr Loire to the l»yrcnc«'ti. yoiftchaHjft a city of China, c^nit tl of the province uf Hoii-«|ii;intf, and the rrnticKVDiK, ai it were, uf all the com- mercial people in the empire. Ai every br.(nch (if tr.ide in C'lrricit nn here, iti port, on ihr Kian liu,ii always crowded wiih v»'(r«'lii the river l)i'iii« fDiiictimet covered with them 6 m in length. The beautiful crylfal t'oiiri it famous than the continn.il influx of Grangers. It ix 655 m s Peking;. Lun. 112 15 t, Kit. 30 .}0 V. y'ouziert, a town of France, in the de- partrnfut of Ardennes, on tl»e riv«T Aifne, aB m Jt Mc/ieres, .ind n knk Rhcimb. lf>holland, a vili.igc in Lanc;ilhirc, with cunfidcrable manui'ii^luri'S com- mon to the county, 3 m w Win.>n. V bland, a province of Swtdcn, in the dlviuon of Swtdfn Proper, Inlwrrn Sudermania, Weltmania, Otftiicia, and the Baltic. It io 70 m long and 45 broad, chiefly covered with (hap-ltfn ftrmes and forefts of pine ; but it \% en- riched with inexhaunible mini-s of cop- per, iron, and River; and thf ptafintK are chiefly cmploycil in the manufatftiire of thofc metals. Stockholm is the capital. Uppingham, a town in Riitl.indfhire, with a market on Wedncfday, I'cated on an eminence, 6ms Oakham, and 89 N by w London. Ufifal, a city of Sweden, in Upland, and an archbifhop's fc«', with a caftle and auniverfity- A river flows through it, to the lake Maeler, which r^cilitatea fome trifling commerce. Thi* Ifrccts are drawn at right angles from a central kind of fquare ; fome of the honlL-s are built of brick, but the generality are of wood, painted red, and the roofs co- fered with turf. Upfal was formerly the metropoli"" of Sweden ; and near it is the moraften, or ftone, on which the king uft'd to be crowned. It ftill con- tains many objcds of curinfity, and is the refidence of feveral Swedilh noble- men. The ancient palace was a mag- nificent building, until great part of it was cnnfumed by fire, in 1701. The cathedral, a large ftrudlure of brick, contains the remains of the famous Guf- tavus Vafa and Charles Linn^. The univerfity, founded in 1476. is the moft ancient in Sweden, and thefirft feminary In the north for academical education- ir H A The R«»yal Society hen* ii likewifc thw oldclt jifoci-ition of the kind in th« north. I leri* ii an ot'ferv.itory, pUnnnl by the celebrated Celfiui, from which the Swdifh gi*ographcr« compute the hingitudr. The botanicit g.irdni, uf which the ftimotii Linnt' win fuptriii* tcnd^nt, in alniofl dcfobtcd ; hut a ww one lici on the w lidc cf the pal.\cp, and is much larger. Upf^l contuimt about 40^0 inhabtiunts, cxcliilive of til'' ftudinta, whi» art? li'ldnm ftwrr than .^00. It is leafed in a vafl (ipcn plun, iirtile in corn, 40 m N!«w Stockholm. Lon. 17 .^9 K, lat. 59 5 a n. I'plon, u town in Worcefterfhire, with a market <»n Thurfday, It .Ucil on the Severn, 1 1 m i Wurcellcr. and 1 1 1 wN w London. Irach, a town of Suiliin, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, with a decaycnl callle on a mountain. It hni a trade in paper, damafks, und linen, and \% n m ^si'. Stiitg.ird. Vra/fuatf, a province of Paraguay, ff> named from a large river, 'vhich unitcg with the Parana, 70 ni abow Ititcnoa Ay res, and forms fliefamoin riv'-r Plata. This province, whii.h lies r. of the river, was cided, in 1757, by Spain to Portu- gal for the col-joy of St. Saciarm-nt ; thai the river llraguay in now the l)')und« ary between the two crowmi. i raicliore, a town yf European Tur- key, in Liv.idia, and a biJiopN (ic. It is governed by a bey, and (t.indi on the left bank of the A(pro, 15 m w.sw Le- panto. Vriil, a river of RnfTia, which rifes in Mount Caucafus, Hows by Orenburg, Uralfk, and Gnricf, and enters the Cal- plan tea by tliree moutht.. I'ral Mountains, a chain of moun- tains extending from 50 to 67 n lat. or about 1 150 m, and has by the Rudiaufl been called the backbone of the world. The central part of this chain abounds in metals; and tlu-y ccintain fine white marble. Pauda, one of ihe highcil mountains, is faid to be 451 2 feet above the level of the lea. This chain forms a confiderable part of the boundary be- tween Europe and Afia. Vralian Cnjfacs, a Tartar tribe that inhabit the Rufljan province of Oren- burg, on the s fide of the river Ural- Thefe CofTacs are defcended from thofe of the Don; and are a valiant race. They profcfs the Greek religion ; but there arc difTentei s from the ellablifhcd religion, whom the RufTians called Rof- kolniUi, or Scparalilts and who ftylc themfelves Staroverfki,or OM Believers. Thefc confider the fervice of the efta- 3^ 111 t I I Il URn Minifif rhiirch .i< pror4nr,atid hAvethrir t«wn prx ft« Aiui cer^monlr* Thr Vta. 1)411 CitH'ici are aII cnthiifiafti for the Mncirnt ritinl, uml prixr their licirdt •Imofl i(|nil t(i thrir live* A Hiid'i.ltl nfTh rr h ivin^ nidrrctl a number oi C«>l- (4C rrcru'ti to b«< piihltcty ih^vfd in the lowrn iif Y-tllfki in 1771, thii wanion in- liilt ctfiitd in ini'iirrr^lio'i, ••hlth W4« foppii'ircd fi>r il time \ l>iit. In itj u xn ititp'iflor« PiiK-iicltcf, who MfTiwDcd thff pamu i(t' t'ticr 111, appciri'd .imong llicm, and. taking' .kIv.uk.iki* of thiit ciro cu'iidiftcrt rouk'd ihcm once mttre into optn rfbrlllun. This wan fiipprened by the defeat and execution of th** Im- puftor ; and in order to oxtiiiguifh all rfmnnl)rance of this rebellion, the river Yaik waa called the Ural; the Yitik Cuir.ici w«*re drnoininatcd Lfralian Cof- (\CH J and Ihf town of Yailfk w,i» named IJralfk. Tlicic ColKics ar«« very rich, in ci>iiit by Anciin.!, imd w by Pcriigino .ind Tuf- caiy Thf air is nnt deemed wholc- fome, nor is the foil ft rtilc The chief pri)du(JHon is lllk, and game is plentiful. i rbmof a clry of Italy, capital of the duchy of Urhino, and an archbifhop's frc. The tmircrfity contains a noble College and r6 convents Gnat quan- titirs cf fine eanhm ware are made here; and it is tbe birthplace of tin* il- JuUrigua i>ainter Ruphatl. Jt was taken USD Ht the French in 1796. It ftandi on 1 hilt, h«twr«n of Schwcitz and the VValdftadttr fee, k by the cantoni of Grifcms and Glarui, a by the b.iiliwici of Italy, and w by the canton.s of Uii* derwalden and Bern. Altorf in Ihcca* pital. See Sc/iweitz. i'ri, Lake nf\ lie If'aljhiJtfr Vf. Vrmia, or Oroumi, a town ot IVifia, in Aderbijin, fituate in a rich pLin, un the 8w p.irt «>f a lake of the (amc name. The lake, fometimra called Shahee lake, is of an oval form, 160 minciicuit; but on the e fldc it ia penetrated by 4 long mountain that extends to the centre : its waters produce much fait, and on its borders are found unmenle blocks of what is called the marble of Tabriz. The town is pretty large, ind 90 m .sw Tabriz. Lou. 45 5 E, lat. 37 I'rmund, a town of France, in the de- partment of Lower Menfe, lately of Germany, in the duchy of Juliers ; feated near the Meufe, 10 m nnk Maeftricht. Vrjiren, a town of Swifferland, in the canton of Uri, fituate in an elevated valley, on the Reufs, 17 m ssk Altorf. I'rjitZs St. a town of SwifTcrland, in the late bilhopric of Bafel, indebted for its origin to a hermitage, built in the feventh century by St. Urlinius. It il leated on the Doubs, 6ms Porentrui. Vjbec Tartary, a vaft country of Weftern Tariary, bounded on the n by the country of the Kalmucks and Tur- keftnn, E by Tibet, s by Hindooftan and Pel 111, and w by the Cafpian fea. Thcfe UflT Tirf.ir* «r* (ilvldi'cl in«i> firtpnt tribri, govfrnrtj hy their rrrptflivr kh.»n*. or print'"*! Whrn iirufcr onr fi>«prcl|in, thry were thr moft p«»werftil of 4II lh« Ti'l^ri*" nstiom. Tlif ^)rtnclpal kh4i»« l^otn Taiiurliiic, whole hirthplice w;n 5'tm.irc4rul, the prerciil capit il of the country. The tJfbri-*, in their porl.tn*. art* fail! to h.»vc bftici' romplcxiomt vtd more ftW4f(iiig fi'.tttirei ihui the Kal' mtici. Thrir n-likjion It M >li.itnrtluii' ifm J vh\ On'Y difTcr, in |{c "Til, very UttU* from the people of the northern provliioei of IIIndooftAii. iftJom, ail ifluid ot Hither Pome' rania, in (he Bitiit: I't-a, betwei'ii the Kiuulhi of the IVciic and Swiii, wllh two fort! named aftrr thtfc two riven- |i hni .1 town of the f.imc name, on th - tw coall, 4-) m Nw Stettin. Lon. 14 1 E. lat. }) i% N. V/hant, an idand of Prance, on the coaft of the dcpirtmrnt of Finlderr*?, o[)p<>titc Conquct. It it H m in circuit, and contains feveral hamlett and a caftle. Lon. 5 5 w, lat. 48 iR N. t'jingeit, a town of Ot'vmany, in Wet- teravia', and comity of NafTiii-Weil. liatf, with a handl'ome ctllle ; ftMtcd on the Ufb.uh, u m »sr Wcillmrji;. t'/i, a river that riles in WaU'«, on the w fide of nrecknocklliirc, flows by Brecknock, and tnlrring Monmouth- (hi'e, paffen by Abcrnavftmy, Ufk, Caer- leon, and Newpurtf into the Bridol channel. i'/i, a town in Monmoiithlhirc, with a market on Monday, and 1 manufac* ture of japanned wave. Here are the ruins of a caftle and priory ; part of the latter is converted into a farm-lioufr, and its church is now the parillKhurch. It ii fcnited on the river Uflc, 1 j miles sw Monmouth, and 14a w l)y n London. i/iiub ; fee Seop'ui. UjJar, a town of Lower Saxony, in the principality of C'alcnbcrg, 14 m Nw Oottingen. l^JeJ, a town of Fnince, in the de- partment of Correze, 31 m ne Tulle, and 53 P.9E Limoges. Vjlanio, a town of It.ily, in Cremo- nefe, ieated on the Oglio, ii m nu Cremona. Ujlaritx, a town of France, in the department of Lower Pyrenees, 6 m SSB Bayonne- U/Iica, a fmall idand in the Mediter- ranean, 35m N of Palermo in Sicily. It was uninhabited till 1765, when a citadel was built and a colony fettled. It pro- duces wheat, barley, ibd>i, Hcc. and in tht vicinity are lomc coral banks. The If TT Warn! Is wilhonr fprln^., and only fiip. plied with frflh w iter hy r^irt kcjH !• cillern* Lon. i) i4 k. M ^4 4} «, t'jhkjf, a town ..f HiifTii, in the fo- veriimrnt of Volot(d.t, ciwimI of .i l.ir>fe pri»vinc;.- of (ti niin.'. .nid An archbi- (hop » (rr. Oe.u oii.iniiti«>« Of gtram • rf f.-nt iHMue to Jitrirri'iil p.irts. ii ia fe.«ti'd on the Owini, at the Influx of the >ukhona, 46} m NR .Mofcow. Lon. 16 10 K,lat, 61 i<, M • /rtiu/ii, ,\ river ih»f forms part of thr b Uuiie bridges. The environs are full ot ^ardeni, walks, and grovi'8, whiwli,. added to thcpurit/of the air. retulr Utrecht one ol th*- molt agreeable places for relider.ef in thcfe parts. Here the union cf the Sevin t/nitcd I'lovinces w.is bet.Mn in 1571^5 and here was conthidid, in 1713, the peace which termin.ited the warfs of queen Ann. Utrecht furrcndered to the PrudiAns in 1787, and to the French in 1795, each time without reliltance. It is Icated on the Rhiiu-, iH m st Am- fterdam, and 35 nnw Nimegucn. Lon. 5 • k, lat. 52 6 N I'trera, a town of Spain, in Anda- luiia, near which is a fait Tpri^.g, la m SK Seville. i'tttxedr, a town in Staffordfhire, with a market nn Wednefday. ;;nd ma- nut'aiflures of hardware; Icated on a riling ground, ncir the river Dove, 13 m NB Stjflford, and igi ssw Londor>. W AC Vtxn.ich, a town of SwifTerland, ca« pital ( ''a bailiwic belonging to the can* Inns of Scliwcitz and Olaris. It in j in e from the lake of Zurich, and i j n b/ w Oliiiis. UxiriJxe, a town in Middlefex, with a market on Thorfday, :uid a groat trade in corn and flour. The Coin flows through it in two Itn'ains, and the Granc'. Jundtion tvinal paffcs clot'e by- A treaty was canird on here between Charl.'S i and the parliament, in 1644; and the houie in which the plenipoten- tiaries met, is Hill called the Treaty Ilouff. Near this town .ire the remains uf nn anci(>nt camp. Uxbridge is 15 tn vv by N London. Vxbr'idfre, a town of MaflachufctB in WorcclU'r county, 16 m s by »i Wor- cefler, and 40 sw lioiton. Vzeda ; fee? Vcedn. Uzel, a town of France, in the de- partment of C6tes du Nord, i; m 8W St. Brietic. Uzerclie, a town of France, in the de- partment of Correze, feated on a craggy rock, at the foot of which flows the Vezete, 10 m nnw Tulle, and 36 sse Limogfs. UzeSi a town of France, in the de- partment of Gard. Before the revolu- tion it was a bifliop's fee, and billow the palace is a fpring that fupplics the aquedudl of Nilmes. It is feated in a country abounding in corn, oil, filk, and good wine, la m n Nifmes. W. IJ'aagt a river of Hungary, which rifes in the Carpathian mountains, flows by Leopoldftadt, and joins the Danube, below Comorn. Waah a river of Holland, being the .s branch from the Rhine below Emme- rick. It flows w through Gelderland, by Nimeguen, Thiel, Bommel, and Gorcnm, and joins the Meufc, at Briel. Wabajh, a river of the United States, in Indiana. It rifes near fome fmall lakes to the w of Lake Erie, and taking a sssv courfe of 400 m enters the Ohio ICO m above the conflux of that river with the Miiriftippi. The Wabafli is navigable 340 m, and it approaches within 9 m of the navigable waters of Lake Erie. fVachenheim, a town of France, in tbe department of Mont Tonnerre, lately of Germany, in the palatinate of tbe Rhine, 17 m ssw Worms. V^^hivia, a trad of laod m N Care- WAK lina, between the river* Dan and Y-icf. kin, in the county of Surry; coiifiltinp of 100,000 acres, purchafed by the Mo. ravians, in 1751, and named by them from an eftate of count Zinzendorf'a in Auflria. In 1755, it was made a ftpa. rate pariflt, called Dobbs Pa.iih. It contains fiveral fcttlemcntu, of which Salem i.^ the principal. ff^acbtendoni, a town of the Nether- land*, in Upper Gelderland, feated in a murafi;, on the river Niers, 5 m s Gt Id'jM. f^achter/baeht a town of Getm?.iiy, in Wettenvia, with a caftle, belonging to the count of lltnburg-Wachtetlbdch, 20 m KNE Hanau. If^ade/horoughf a town of N Carolina, chief ot Anfon county. It is li-atcd on a lofty hill, 50 m sse Salifliury. Had/lena, a town of Swcdtn, in £ Gothland, with a caftle, built by Giilh. vns Vafa in i544« feated on the lake Wetter, a6 m w Linkoping. IVageningent a town of Holland, in Gelderland, with a trade in cattle ami tobacco ; feated on the Rhine, u m w Arnheim. l^i>gjindt, a town of Silefia, in ihc principality of Troppau, 14 m sse Troppau. H'a/irent a town of Low "■ Saxony, iu the duchy of Mecklenburg, itatcd near the lake Calpin, 12 m 8 Malchin, and 27 WNw Ne Strelitz. fFa/iren6rui i, a town of the duchy of Saxony, on the river Elfter, 14 m e Torgau. H'aiblingent a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, on the rivor Uems, 7 m ENF. Stutgard. ff'aid/iaufen, a town of the ^.alatinate of B.ivaria, 28 m ne Amberg. ffaid/io'ven, Bairifcht a town of Auf- tria, on the river Ips, 23 m sw St. Polten. ff^aid/ioven, Bohmifch, a town and caftle of Auftria> on the river Teya, 10 m NNW Horn. WaigatZy or Vaigatch, an ifland and ftrait bttween Nova Zcmbla and Riiffia. Lon. 93 30 E, lat. 69 30 N. fFainjieet, a town in Lincolnfhire,with a market on Saturday, feated on the river Limb, near a creek of the fea, 14 m NE Boflon, and 128 n by k London. Waitzin, a town of Hungary and a bifliop's fee. A large annual fair is kept here. It has frequently been taken by the Turks, and was burnt by them in 1685. It is fituate on the Danube, 9K m ESE Prefburg. Lon. 19 15 e, lat. 47 45 N- IVakefieldy a town in W Yorklhirf, with a market oq FriUay. It has two W A T. •chutcht s, and an aiicitiit flono hiidg*' over tht! CaI WAL polTiim kind, of which the mod re- markable is the k-iuRaroo. The native dogs ;irc txtrcmely fierce, and cannot be broiiglit to the fame degree ot fa- miliarity as tikofc we are acqiiimted with. There are alfo weafcls and ant- eaters ; with that lingular animal the duck-billed platypus, in which the jawu of a quadruped are elongated into the complete bill <»f a bird. There are many beautiful birds of various kinds ; among which the principal is a black fvvan, itu wings edged with white, its bill tinged with red ; and the oltrich or callowary, which frequently reaches the height of (even feet or more. Several kinds of ferpents, lirge fpiders, and fcolopendras, have alfo been met with ; and three or four fpecies of ants, par- ticularly green ants, which build their nelts upon trees in a Angular manner. There are likewife many curious fifhes; though the finny tribe feem not to be fo plentiful here as they generally are in higher latitudes. Some (harks have been fi-en in Port Jackfon, and in the rivers and f.dt creeks there are alliga- tors. The natives of New South Wales are repref«;nted as, perhaps, the moll favage race of people exifting. They go entirely naked ; and though pleafed at firft wit^ fome omamenti that were given them, they foonthre'v them away as ufclefs. Some of them, whom the colonifts partly clothed, Teemed to be pleafed with the comfortable warmth they derived from it ; and they all ex- prefled a great delire for iron tools. The colour of ihe natives is rather a deep chocolate than a full black ; but the filth with which their fkin is co- vered, prevents its true colour from appearing. Notwithftanding their dif- regard for European fineiy, they are fond of «, a town in Hamp- fiiire, with a market on Friday. Here the bifliops of Wincheller had formerly a (lately palace, which was deftroyed in the civil wars. It is 9 m sse VVin- chefter, and 65 w by s London. ii''altham Abbeyy a town in Eflex, v.'iih a market on Tuefday. It bad a magnificent abbey, founded by king Harold, Ibme fragments of which re- main. Harold and his two brothers, after the bailie of Haftings, were in- terred here ; and a (tone coffin, fup- pofed to have bi'en his, was diicovered in the reign of Rlifabeth. Waltham has fome gunpowder mills, and manu- fadlures of printed linens and pins. It is feated on the e fide of the river Lea, which here forms feveral iflands, la ra N by E London. ^althm Crofs, a village i;i Hertford- WAN ftuie, a mile w of Walth.am Abbey. Here are fome confiderable remains of a crofs ere(Jled by Edward i, in honour of his queen Eleanor. If'ait/iamjlow, a villaKO in Effcx, near the river Lea, 5 m n e London. It hu a large and handfbme church, a frce- fchool, .nid many elegant villas. ifahon, a village in Surry, feated on the Thami'9, over which il has a hand- fomebridjfe, 6 m w by s Kingfton. J^alton-le-Daht a villagr in Lanca- iliire, with confiderable manufadturet common to the county, fe ited near the Lancafler canal and the river Ribble, a m ssE Prefton. If^ilur, a town of Hindooftan, in Myfort!, with a caftle. The chief ma- nufacture is cotton cloth, and in the vici iiity naany coarfe blankets are woven. It ftands in a fertile country, ao m e by N Bangalore. lyanderjl^h'tt, a town of Upper Sax- ony, in the piincipality of Altenburg, g m sw Erfurt. JVaiidkvaJhf a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, 27 m ssE Arcot, and 38 NNwPondicherry. l/'and/ivort/i, a village in Surry, feat- ed on the Wandle, near its conflux with the Thames, 5 m wiw London. Here are inanufadlures for bolting cloth, the printing of calicos and kerfeymeres, and the whitening and prcffingof ftuffs; with oil, iron, and white lead mills, vinegar works, and diftilleries. In Gar- ret Lane, near this place, a mock elec- tion was formerly held, after every ge- neral elcdion of parliament, of a Mayor of Garret ; to which Foote's dramatic piece of that name gave no fmall cele- brity. fFnnfried, a town of Germany, in Lower Heffe, fituate on the Werra, 15 m w Mulhaufen, and 36 e.se Caffel. IVangara, a fertile country of Ne- groland, lying to the s of Bornou. It is watered by the Niger, which here divides into feveral branches. Ghanara is the capital. iVangen, a town of Suabia (lately imperial) with a trade in wine, fine paper, linen, and hardware ; feated on the Overarg, 18 m ne Lindau, and ai w Kempton. Wangen, a town of Swiflerland, in the canton of Bern, capital of a baili- wic It is feated on the Aar, 10 m e Soleure, and 33 nnk Bern. TVangetiy a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, feated on the fide of a hill, and furrounded by a wail, la m w Strafburg. JVitHlockhead, a village of Scotland, h p, ;■■>-'. ■I.'' WAR In Dumfriesfhire, 4 m m Sanquliar. Here are rich lead aiinet, and a tiuin* ber of rmelting-hourc^. If'anJienJ, a village in EITcx, on the IkirtB t>f Eppinp foroft, 6 m nr London- It is diflinguiftied for its handfuire mo* dern church, and Wanfload-honfe, one of the moftmaKiMficent feats in England- If'antage, a town in Bcrklhire, with a market 011 Saturday, and u manufac- ture of facking. It is famous for being the birthplace of kinff Alfred ; and many battles with the Danes have been fought in the vicinity. It (lands on a branch of the Ock, 1 2 m s by vv Oxford, and 60 w London. JFantzenau, a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, which was taken by the Auflrians in I793> It is 6 m N Strafburg. JfanxleAentA town of Lower Saxony, in the principality of Magdeburg, 1 2 m ■wgw Magdeburg. yVara, a town of Ncgroland, capital of Bergoo. It is 320 m sse Bornou. Lon- 25 25 B, lat- 1530 N. WarangoU, a town of Hindooflan, the Arinkill ofFerifhta, once the capi- tal (M Colconda- The lite of it is ftill evident from thf old ramparts, which arc amazingly extenfive. A modern for- trefit is cniiflrudled within it, and is in the poflVffion of the nizam of the Dec- )can. It is 62 m NNF. Ilydrabad. Lon. ;r9 30 E, lat- 18 6 N. ^arberg, a feaport of Sweden, in Haliand, with a caftle at the month of the harbour, on a rock furrounded by water It is feated near the Categat, 34 in SSE Gotheburg. Lon. 11 56 e, lat. 57 «2 N JVarhurg, a town of Weftphalia, in the principality of Paderhqrn, feated on theDvmel, 17 m sse Paderborn- JVardt, a town of Denmark, in N Jutland, near the mouth of a river of the fame name, 15 m n Kipen. Wardtitit Greaty a ftrong town of Hungary, capital of a county of the fame name, and a bifliop's fee with a citadel. The town itfelf is not large, but ha& three fuburbs of confiderable extent. It was taken by the Turks in 1660, but the Aultii;inH retook it in i69i. It is fe.ittd v^n the Keres, 117 m NE Petirwjidein, and 150 tsk Buda. Lon. 21 50 K, lat 47 5 N. f^'ardan Little, a ftrong town of Croatia, capital of a county of the fame name. It it. israled on the Drave, 34 ni N by £ Agram.nnd 50 se Gratz. Lon. 13 15 E, i«t. 46 40 N. tVardhuysy a feaport of Norway, papital of a govemtneot of the fame \y A u nam*", which includes Danifli Lnpliml. It (lands on a fmall idand of the lame nnmc, near the continent, and hns mh old fori wlierc the governor relidL;;. It i» 150 m E8E of the North Tape- Lou. 31 7 K, lat. 70 23 N. ffardjbridgft a town of New York, in Ulfter county, feated on Walkili creek, 16 m w by s Newbnrg. IVarCf a town in Herlfordllnre, '.villi a marktk on Tuefday ; feated on the river l-ea, by which large quantities of malt dnd corn are fent to London. It is 2 m R by n Hertford, and 21 n by E London. IFtireey a town of Guinea, capita! of a country of its name, in the kingdDm of Benin. It is 70 m ssw Benin. Lun o E, lat. 5 38 N. tVareham, a borough in Dorletfliire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It is feated between the Fronie and Piddle, «' their entrance into Lochford lake, the w part of Poole harbour- It had eiuht chutches, now reduced to three ; aifo a wall of earth and a caftle; and the harbour is now almoft choked up. In 1 762, two thirds of the town was^eftroyed by fire, luit has been rebuilt. Above the bridge, over the Frome, is a good falmon filh- cry ; and in the neighbourhood fine clay is dug, of which an immenfe quantity is fent coaftwife. Wareham is the birth* place of the celebrated Horace Walpole. It is 20 m E Dorchefter, and 1 1 2 w by s London. Warendorfy a fortified town of Weft* phalia, in the principality of Munfter, with good linen manufaiflures, feated on the Ems, 12 m k by s Munlter. Warkoy a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of Mafovia, on the river Piifa, 45 m 8 by E Warlaw. IVarkivorthy a village in Northum- berland, at the mouth of the Coquet, 5 m s£ Alnwick. Ii has a callle, the feat of the duke of Northumberland ; and near it, on the bank of the river, is a hermitage divided into three apart- ments, cut out of a rock- HarmhiJIer, a town in Wiltfliire, with a market on Saturday, a woollen manufa«ilure, and a great trade in malt. It has two churches, and is feated at the Iburcc of the Willy, 22 m nw Salif- bury, and 96 w by s London. fVarminJier, a town of Virginia, in Amhirft county, on the n fide of James river, 70 m w by n Richmond. fVarnemunde, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Mecklenburg, fj-ated near the Baltic, at the mouth of the Warn?, 9 m NNw Roftock' of the imt ■■»"'l has nil fr rt'lidL;;. It -•P*.*. Loii. New York, on Walkill kdfljirc, ivith fc.iU'd on the ■ quantities of J London, h (and 21 N by |a, capital of .1 |e kingdom of pnin. Lon o ii Dorfetfliiie, t» a market on between the heir entrance part of Poole huiclit'3, now wall of earth I'bour is now &2|twothiril3 by fire, but the bridge, d falmcn filh. hood fine ciajr ifif quantity is ^ is the birth* raceWalpole. nd 112 w bys own of Weft" f of Munfttr, Jlures, fcated Munfter. id, in the pa- le river Pilfa, in Northnm- the Coquet, a caftle, tiie lumbcrkind ; of the river, three apart- 1 Wilifliire, r, a woollen ade in malt, feated at tlie 1 NW iJalif- n. Virginia, in de of James tid. Germany, in fixated near the Warn?! WA R TVarnetoHt a town of the Nclhorlaiidi!, in Fluiiders, on the river Lib, U m nw Line. lyarrtn, a town of the diilrift of Maine, in Linculti county, 7 m w Thu- malton. Warrertt a town of Rhode Ifland, in Briftol county, which has a good trade, particularly in fliip-building. It Hands on Warron river and ih»> ne part of Nara)4.iiilei bay, 10 m sre Provid* nee. lyarrfHt a town of Virginia, on ihc N fide of James river, 10 m eme War- mitillcr, and ai tiswCharlottefvilie. tl'arrenton, a town of N Carolina, chief of Warren county, 35 m w by n Halifax, and 54 nne Ralegh. IVarrington, a town in Lancalhire, with a market on Wednefday. It has manufadures of canvas,CQtton8,checks, hardware, pins, and glaft ; and a con- fiderable traitic in malt. Here are two churches, an excellent freefchool, and a noted academyfor theeducation of youth. Thenumberof inhabitants was 10,567 in 1H01, and 11,736 in 18 It. It is feated on the Mer fey, over which is a bridge, i6m E Liverpool. and I i^ 2 NNwLondon. ffhrriore, a tiwn of Hindooltan, in the Climatic, 3 r m nne Tanjore, and 55 Sbw Pondiclverry. If'/irjii^u, a city of Poland, lately the metropolis of that country, and in the paUtinate of Mafovia. It Is built partly on u plain, and partly on a gentle liie from the Viftnia; extending, with the iiiburhsof Kraka and Praga, over a vaft exte.nt of ground, and containing above 06,000 inhabitants. The Areets are rpacious, but ill paved ; the churches and public buildings, large and magni- ficent; the palaces of the nobility, nu- merous and iplendid ; but the greatt-ft part of the houfes, particularly in the iuburbs, are mean wooden hovels. Early in 1794, the cmprefs of Ruflia put H garril()n into this city, in ordtr to attain the ufurpations ihe had in view ; but it was expelled by the citizens. The king of PrniTia befieged Warlaw in July, but was compelled to raife the fiege in iseptember. It was imdertaken by the Ruflians, who, in November, took by ftorin the fuhurb of Praga, mafTacred the inhabitants, and nearly reduced it to aflies. The immediate confequence was the furrender of the city to the Ruflians, who, in 1796, dtlivered it up to the king of Pruflia. Toward the end of 1B06 the French occupied this place ; and by the treaty of Tilfit, the city, and this part of Poland, was given to Saxony, to be held under the title of thp duchy of Warfaw. It is 17Q m « WA R Konigfberg,and 180 mu Breflau. Lon. ai OK, lat. 5a 14 h. t^'artay a river that rifes in Little Poland, flows thr.nvn QxtM Poland by Siradia and Poln.in, pafl'ci by DriefTen and L.indfherg in Brandenburg, and tnters the Oder at Cuftrin. If'arta, a town of Poland, in the pa* lutinate of Siradia, on the river Warta, 11 m N Siradia. fVartfnberx, " town of Silefla, capU t«l of a lordftiip of the lame name, witii a cuftle. In 174a it was entirely reduced to alhes, except the old cuftle, which is now ufed as a brewery. It is 38m NE Brcflau. Lon. 17 jo e, lat. 51 19 N. ftartenberg, a town of Silefia, In the principality of Glogau, ao m kv? Ologau. f^ariviei, A botough and the capital of Warwicklhire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Saturday. It was forlifif'd with a wall, now in ruins ; but has (till a fine caftle of the ancient earia of Warwick, inhabited by the prefent pnfTcflor of that title. 'I he town was nearly deftroyed by fire in 1694, and now principally confifts of one regular- built ftreet, at the end of which is an ancient gate. It had formerly fix mo- nalteriesand fix churches; of the latter two only remain : it has likewife a handfome fhirehoufe, a good freefchool, and a noted hoCpital for la decayed gentlemen. The number of inhabitant* was 5;9ain 1801, and 6497 in i8ii. It i3 lituate on a rocky eminence, by the river Avon, 10 m ssw Coventry, and 90 NW London. Lon. i 35 w, Ut. 5a 17 n. fVarivick, a town of Virginia, capital of a county. It is feated on the right bunk of James river, 1 5 m se Richmond. /^rtJW/V^, a town of Maryland, in Cecil county, on the e flioie of Chefa- peat: hay, 15 m sw Philadelphia- tyartwicky a town of Rhode Ifland, chief of Kent county- it has a cotton manufacture, and is fituate at the head of Naraganlet bay, 8ms Providence. ^Vartiuickjhiret a county of England, bounded on the n by Dcrbyfhire, ne by Leicefterfhire, i'. by Northampton- ftiire, SE by Oxfordfhire, .sw by Glou» ceiterfhire, w by Worceflerfhirc, and Nw by Staffordfliire. It is 47 m long and 30 broad, containing 629,760 acres ; is divided into four hundreds, and 205 pariflies ; has one city and i a market- towns, and fends fix members to par- liament. The number of inhabitants was 208,190 in 1801, and a28,735 in 1811. The N part, called the Wond- landS| is divided from th( s, called the 1^^ IdrRcU 'own Vi/rt, a f«Mport of Sweilt'ti, in K WAS Fcldon, by the river Avon; and tlir foil ot botli iit rich and tcriilf. It pr< ('.ticet corn, n.ix, wood, wool, chccl<-, co.il, iront aiiil lniifltntie ; and the bricilii of cuttle and (hccp an- of i fuprrinr kind. The .principal riviTS an* thi. Avon, 1'ani)*, Old Arrow. It iH aUo interli'Ct- ed by li viral ciiials, wliich, comrmini- cati>)(^ w"h oth' rs that proceed to thr rivers Tiiimcf. S< vi-rn, Mcrli-y, and Trent, arc of coiifidcrahli" advanfiKc to its trade and conitju-ici! Tin- capit.d is Waiwick, but Birmingliam in thr gtl Itothnit, at the mouth of a nvcr, on the giilt of Uothuia, 40 m n by e Chrif tincdad Ifq/htn^ton, a diflri*fl of Tcnn 'ircc, comprchcndimi thi* 'oun'.ic. of VV'afh- iiiRton, Sid'ivan, Ci\ I'^'"kin8, and Carttr. I li-' capital > -li'ii .nigh- Wajbinxion, a lidly . .'"i/'«^/o«, a city and the metro- polis of the United States of America, m the territory of Columbia. It is leated on the Potomac, atthejundion of the Eaflern branch, extending about 4 m up each river, including a tra6t of country fcarcely to be exceeded in point of convenience and falubrity by any in the world. This city, in 1792, was eftablilhed by the United States, to be the permanent feat of government. W A S rifter the year iHoo It is divided into fqiiarca or grand diviftonfl by ttreeii running due n tnd :«. .nul v. anu w* which form the ground-work of the plan : but frd The great leading ftrectsarc 160 feet wide; including a p.ivetnent of 10 feet ami a gravel walk ol 30 fftt planted with trees on each Itde, and 80 feet of paved ftreet ui the middle" for carriages. The other (IreetH are, ia i^eneral, 1 10 feet wide, with a few only 90 feet, except North, .South, and Ca- pitol ftreetfl, which are 160 feet. The diagonal ftrects are named after the (late.s compofing the Union, while tholt; running n anil u are. from I lie capitol eailward, named Eaft Firft-lhvit. Eaft vSccond-ltreet, «\c. and thole v^ of it are, in the lame nia-uier, called Welt Firft- ftrert. Weft SfC(.'id-ltreet, &c. Thole running e and ware, from thetapitol northward, named North A -ftreet, North B-llreet, &c- and thofe .s of it are called South A-ftreet, South Mf.reet, &c. The fquares, or diviliona of the city, amount to 1150: the reduigulu ones contain from three to fix acre's ; and are divided into lots of front 40 to tio feet in front, and their depth from nolo 300. according to the fizeotlhcm; but the irregular divilioi. 8, pioilucedby the diagonal ftreets, are K) • e ui them fmall. All the houlis mnft be of brick or ftone. The area for the eapitol (or houfe for the legillative bodies) is on an eminence, about a mile fiom the Eaflern branch, and not much mote from the Potomac, commanding a view of the city and of the country round. The prefideut's houfe is on a rifing ground, not far from the Potomac, polTcffing a delightful water prolped, and a vitw of the capitol. Due s from the prefident's houfe, and due w from the capitol, run two great plealiire parks or malls, wliich interfed and terminate upi/U the banks of the Potomac, and are to lie orna- mented at the fides by a variety of ele- gant buildings, houfes for foreign minif- tcrs, &c. Interfperfed tlnough the city, where the moR material ftreets crofs each other, are a variety of open areas, formed in various regular figures; the beft of thefe arc appropriated to the different ftates compofing the Union; not only to bear their refpedtive names, but as proper places to ered ftatues, obe- li/ks, or columns, to the memory of their celebrated men. Upon a I'mall cmi- N»«RVV^»*T?«^*^*'*^ ^ W A S nencc, whfr«?a line due w from the capl- tot aiul H from tliv.* prrliditit'ii houlu iiitir(c»5l. i* an ♦■tiucftiian llatuc of gr- ncral WHlliins'ton. tlu- Kilt prtlidiiit of the United St.iti'8. IVopcr pl.iiih .uc marked out for other puhlic IxiiMin^H; as A inariiii: hiilpitali with its ^anh-ns , a gciicr.il cxcti>in|((r, and itf the eity. 'i'ln- Polo mac produces a commiiuic.il ion by wi- icr between the city and tlw iiit','rior parts of Vii^Miia and Miry land, by meant of the Shannamlo.di, ihf South branch, Opi can, Cape Capon, I'attcifon oreck, Con()iichei;ue, and Monocafy, ror upward of »< o m thr(iuj;h a htalthy region, pioducinj; tobacco, h(.'mp,mai/r, wheat, and oiht-r (mall grain, with fruits and vegetables in abundance. 'I'hi lands upon the Potomac, above the city, all around it, and for 60 m brjow, are I liij^h ;;nd dry, abounding wiih Iprings of fxcellent water, and covered uith timber trees of various kinds. A few m bi'low the city, on the banks of the Potoiiiac, are inexhauflible mountaiua of freellonc, of which tht. public edificts are building ; ami above the city aie^ immenfe • ^ny, in Thurini,'ia. On a mountain , t' - N of it is the aneient c.iftle .if N^ ye uft. It iit (eated on the VVerr. 5 m ■!< Meinungi n. Ifatc/u't, a town in Somerfetflilrc, with a mark* t on Saturday ; le,. -d on the Briltol channel, at the mouch of a harbour frequented by coal Ips, which aicfnightid Iknce with lit. ..lone, ala- baller, and kelp I. i, 14 m nw Tuuu- ton, and 156 w by 3 Loi'don. If'alfi-ootAW ifland in the l';*cific ocean, difeovtMi'd by captain Cook It is lU m in circuit, compofed of hills and plains, and thi- furfice covcied with verdure. On the riling grounds tho illanders build their houles, which arc long and fpacious. The manntirs of tlio people, the general habits of life, and their religious opinions and ceremonies, greatly relemble thofeof Otaheite. Lon. 15^ 15 w, lat. 21 I s. If'aferhnn/, a town of the diflridt of Maine, in York county, featcd on iSlou- fom river, 15 m nw Wells. IVaterforJ, a county of Ireland, 46 m long and 25 broad ; bounded on the s by St. George channel, w by Cork, n and NE by the river Suir, which fepa- rates it from Tipperary and Kilkenny, and K by Watcrford haven, which parts it from \Vt xford. It is divided into 34 pardhcs, contains about 110,100 inha- bitants, and (ends four members to par- liament. It prefents a divtrlity of Ibil and profpeiff, but in general is pleafant and fertile, yet in many parts mountain-. 0U9 and rocky. Tht chief rivers are the Suir and Blackwatcr. fKaterford, a city and feaport of Ire- 'r WAY Und, capltxl of a county of the r^mc* ime. 'knit * \iU\\i>f>'>\ Ire iinittd with Liliiiorp. It ii will hiiilt. and tliu C4tlie« ilral ik .111 elegant miHlcni llruCtuii?. Tlir iiihiibit.inli' ar ■ rftimatrtl A 35>ooo; ami it UdJi :i itxinlH) lo p'li.imcnt. It hi« > Jii •■xct'tlt-nl h.uhitiir. v. luic (hip« of ^irat hijidcn may ii:(lt (liipo ^'ii* tally lie a few m K.w< r. I tif comtutitc li vtiy con- k(lcrui)l«'{ 411(1 p.itl.i't tuiiilH f.iil rtgii' Inrly hence loi Miltord-h.ivcii. 'Ihr principal I'Xi Of > are bcefi purk* corn, putter, and liiu'ii. It Itaiids oit the rivi-r Snn, H m N ot St- (tiorge channel, and Vji 'W Diihhii' Loll 7 24 \v,lat. ^a toN. ll\itii/orJ, u town of Nt.'W York, in Albany coiiity, litnale at thejiinttion ol tfu Mohawk wiih the Hiidlun, 9 in M Albany H/tt>r/iiif, one of the Il«biid«;» of Scotland, to the R <lat. 535 N. WKI fftijfw/lerof^/it a town of the (late of (icorKia, chiet of liurke coiiiiry. |( it ts m kuw An|(uita. Lun. (la j a, Ut, fhiir, A river that rifei in the w p,itt of the county of Durham, flow* »k by Stanhope to Hiiliop Auckland, ,tiid thence nk hy Dm ham to Sundcrlanil, where It tram th< (><'rmaii ociui. II tomoulh, M .ni, a town in the couiity of Duihan^ on the n tide of the mouth of the VV rar, oppotitc Siindu- land- litre wau an cxteniive nion.tilciy, Willi h wan deltioyi'd by the tuoi*. 'i'hc numbt'r of inhaliitantH wan 5)41 in lUoi, and 5^55 iu lUii '« And it t^,lrv| in the growmi; {jruiperiiy uf SuiMltr< land. 11 trarmout/i, rijho^% n town in the county of Durham, un the s tide of the Wear, ndjuiniii^; the w part of Sunder- land. It has an iron biidgc over ilie river, of one arch a^^ li ct fpaii, euiIlcU ill 1796, und the firlt ever cuiiUiut.'U'(l of parts to formed ai to unite in \\k manner of keylloncs- It ban nunul'ac- tureit ut canvas, and paitake» in the cumKurce of Siiiidtrlaii.t- The nutnUr of iniiubituntH was 6ia6 bi iKoi, and 7060 in liiii. it is a6B m n by w London. IVtHthtrsfitldy a town of ConnrOi. cut, in llartfoiJ cuuniy, 5 in b iiart. ford. iycdc»f(hc */ pirt »w« Ik hy •"«•. .Ji.il "'IcrLinJ, • III. " in the •!•• of i||( i" (.ittib.ich. It'fitfiffrlttth, a tnwn of f Irrmany, in till' cuvlf of Upper Rhino ,tii«l coiiniy uf llctihcrK. with 4 caltic , iV-aud mi the Kin/I>r« 20 in k». Uicfl'en, and Sj Nt I'(;inktoit. Htieifr/Mm, a town of PMnroni-i, in the prini-ip.ility of lluhcnUihc. with ;i tine c.iflh-, on the river Tautxr, j in K M.T>rvnih«'im If'riiiii, a town of Upprr S;ixony, in Voii;tlKnJ, on the rivuUt W«icl-«, ;\t iti I'uiiiiux with the Ellter, g ni k Oi-r.i. Wtiilen, « town uf the pj|.tiin,itc of B'lvaria, witli manufa^tiirci of linen, woollen \i\x9t%, and liilt-pctrc { fcAtt-d on ihi' Nib. 18 m Nit Amln-rp f^'tft^/iton, a town in L Yorkdiirc, with .1 market on VVrdmlilay, and a canal to the head of tii** llnmhcr. It in 18 m ti>e York, and 190 n by w London. H'eil, or Jf'fiUrJiadt, .x town f)f Sua- hii (lately imptTial) in the diichy of Wiitfmburg. fcated on tfic Worm, u m w Stutgard. /^>/7, or ll'yl, a town of Swiircrland, in the territory of the abbot of St. Oal, on the river Tluir, 19 m ssw Coii- Aance. IVeilbur^^t a town of Ocnnariy, in Wc'tteravi.i, cipitid of the county of Nairau-Wcilhurj;. The princc'n paUce it an ancient Arii(flure. It h feated on the L.din, ever v liich is a bridge, 1: m 8w Wet/.l.ir, and 15 nnw Frankfort. Lon. 8 zo i:, lat. 50 :/» c. Wiilft a le.ipori in Dcnmurk, in N Jutland, fitiiaic on a bay in the Little Uilt, 35 in 9SW Arhufen, and 38 ne Uipt-n." Lon. 9 30 t, lat. 55 45 n. / elllieim- a town of Bavaria, with a caltle. on the river Ampcr, a8 m ssw Munich. It'ei/fifim, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtembnrg, on the river Lanter, :o m 8K Stntpard. lyeimnr, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuringia, capital oi the principality of ^)axc-VVeiTr.ar. Inthednke's palace is one of the mod confiderable libraries in Germany, with a cabinet of coins and medals; and it had a gallery of paint- ings, which, with fomc other parts of the caltle, was deftroyed by fire in 1774- It is leated on the llm, 12 m w Ertnrr, and j6 wsw Naumburg. Lon. ti 27 e, lat. 51 2 N. Weingartertt a town of Germany, in the latp bilhopric of Spire, 9 m s by e fhilipfburg. (ffin/icim, a towii of Germany, in W v. L the liti- palatinate of the Rhine, on tne river Wtlchniti. 10 m k llci.lelbcrj{. ff'tiHjhrr^i^, A town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtembnrg, with a ruined calll^- on a hill In 17.-7, thr grettrft put of tin town wan drOroyed by fire. It It.inds partly on the hill, and partly in a valley, l.^inoui fur wine, j ui nk Ueilbron. ff'fijfhniimtf, » fortref* of W Prufllt, ftat<*d at the w mouth of the Viilulu, to defend the h 'rltour of D int/ic. Iteijfim/,ur.{, a town of Fr*nce, in the clep.irtireiit «»f Lower Rhine. Be- tween thii pl.u-r and Latiterburg, are the fiimoiii Inif^ from which the Frencli drove the Anftriani in 1744; :wtd in 1793, the Pruirunn drove tlie Frencli from the Time liiuation. It it featrd on the l-atitrr. 10 m nw I^andau, and n NK Stran)urg. Lon. 8 1 1 k, Ut. 4H If'tiftnlttrift n town of Franconia, (lately imperial) in the bilhopric of Aiehlladt ; feated on the Hednith. ^ m N Pappcnheim, and 30 sw Nurem- butff. lleiftntiirg, or Ctirljliirgt a city of Tratiiylvania, cipital of a county of the fame name, ind a bifliop's fee, with a univerfity. It is feated on the fide of a hill, near the river Maros, 41 m wmw 24 e, lat. 45 lltrmanlladt. Lon. IVtij[ffihui\^t a town of SwifTerland, in the canton of Bern, celebrated for its minf ral waters. 20 m s Bern. lFfi£'enfh, a town of Upper Saxony, in Thuriiijiia. Upon a while rock, above the town, is a fine eitadel, called Auguf- tnlburg. It is feated on the Saal, 17 m sw l.eipzic U'cijeuhorrtt a town and caftle of Suabia, in a county of it^ name ; /eatcd on the Ro'.b, 10 m st Ulm, and 48 w Angfburg. fl'eijjhijlr, a town of Upper Saxony, in 'riuniiii;ia, with a fuperintendcncy n-id commandciy of the knights of Malta. The lake formerly in its neigh- bourhood was drained, and converted into arable land in 1705. It is 21 m ke Langenfalza. lyeijjenjhidt, a town of Franconia, in the margravate of Bayreiith, fituate ou the E>:er, 17 m w Culmbach IVeInu, a town of E Prllfli^, celebrat- ed for the tri;ity concluded here with Poland, in 1657, when the ••lector, Frederic- VVilli.ini, was inverted with the lovereij:tity of Diic.il Priifli i. If is feat- ed on tlic Pregi'I. at the influx of the Alia, 30 m ESb Koniijfbcrg. •♦! Willi a mArkrt oit VVrttiirlit.iy, ii m w Ouiutli'i Niul H< NNw l.onilon. U'tl.'tinit, « livrr that rirci in North* •mptoriiiiiri', itut rr|i<{hnrouj^ht a tow ii in Nifthnnip- tondiirfi M'ilh a miibrt or Wtciiicrd.iy, and m.tiiut.idiirt 1 of (ho«i n\u\ l.ua. tiv.xx it in a chalyl'f.itc (prin^, calli-tl Kfilwcll A fin- happrnt'il furr in i7.4K, vrhich cotilunuil nbovc 8oj huuiti It i« fcitr^d on the likli' of .1 hilt, by the river Ncn, \i\\\ m Northampton, Aitd 67 N liy w I.I. n. Ion. lt\l/in,^loH, .1 town in Shropniirc. with n mnikt't on Thurfday. In the ndgh- boiitliood air t'oimdcricK, iiun niinrs and C0.1I woikii It in li.itid iiimt Wrc- kin hill, 1} in H Shrc\v(buiy, and ijo Nw I,'^:n(!on. H'tl/i/'xtofit a town in Soincifctlhin*, with n market on I'hnrfil.iy. aiul inaniu fA^lurei of fergcx, drng^iin, nnd caitKcn ware; fcatfd on the Tone, 15 m nk Exeter, and 148 w by > I.onduii. H'ells, Achy in Sonu'ilVtlliire, govern- od hy .1 mayor, with a market on Wed- neld.ty and Saluritants was 41.17 in i8oi, and 51.56 in 181 1- The city is wfll built and neatly pavrd ; and the ftimtiuT afli/.*'» are held here alttrniiti-ly with Dridgewattr. It is 16 tn s iirillol, and laowLoiidon. Lon. j ."17 w, lat. 51 13 K. H'f/h, a town in Norfolk, which has a large cluireh. and a confidetable corn trade. It hands near the fea, :; m n by E Swaffham, and 118 nnr London. //>///, a town of tlic diffriCt of Maine, in York county, on a bay of iis name, 88 m N by K Doflon. Lon. 70 51 w, lat. Aj 20 N. Wells, a town of W Florida, on the w fide of St. Andrew biy, 60 m w St. Marco. Lon. !)5 50 w, lat. 30 34 n. , Wcls, a town of Audria, with a calT^le, and a great trade in timber ; feated on the Traun, near a large forelt, 14 m ssw , Lintz. iFflJlpool, a corporate town of Walc3| WEN \\\i\ th»» liritcft In Monlt{omeryflilr«*, with A market on MoiuUy. It i» • grcU mart fur Wdfti cottoni, nannrtt. &e. whieh «rr fnit cliiclly to Shrcwfbiiry. lien* let a capacioiu townluU, in whieh till' a(Ii/r» .»*' hrld. N>'ar ilx' town 4rc thi* leinaiiii ot l*owi« cillle, A lir);e ItruCluif, huili oil nil rininrncc The iiumliir ol iiihabii.int* wa* iai)<)in iHoi, and (140 in 181 1. It i« leated in h rieh V4le, netr th<' river Mtvini, v m n .Moil xomi'iy, 19 Mr Shicwibury, and 176 MW l.indon. fl'fliv.trn, a town of Bohmtii, in the cirt*lc of Kakoiiitx, i| in n Pri(tne. U'flu'i/n, .t villtge in llcrtfordniire, 5 in N ll.itfli'ld Dr. Young w.u.rr^lur of tins plaer, and hrrr he wrote hit cclt'lir.iti d Night Th ii^hti. It'tti-Jitim, a town of Siiabia, capit.ll ol'a lotdllnp of iiH iiamr, in tin* duchy ol Wirtrniliiir^ ( I'caird Ull thr Lcin, 19 m I'. *»tiifji:ard. /f>«i. a town !ti Shmpniir**, with a market on 'I'huilday, fe.itid on the Ro- dtn. I) m N Shrcwfbury. and 17a nw London. ll'fmtffi^ F.a/hr awii K^tjler, two vlN lagt'd ot Scotland, in rifclhiro, nrurly adjoining each tllHT, on the coaft of the filth of l'\)ith, 4 in NK Kirkaldy. The lormcr ban the ruin of an old callle, a m.itiufacMnre of litun, and a coniidera* ble brcwviy. The latter, which has the Ik il hirbour. hai a line cahle on a pro* montory, and a great tiadc in fait and coal. H'endlint^iHt a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wirtenibuig, fituite on the Neckar, at the inllux of the Lautcr, u m ssK Siutgard. tl'cndovtr, a borough in Buckiiigliam- (hire, wiih a maikri on Tliuiiday, 7 m .1'. AylcJbiiry, and j.s w by n London. Il'i-nloci, or Mitch IVtnlockt a borough in Shroplliire, with a m.ukct nn Mon* d.iy, 12 m bb Sluevvibury, aijd 148 nw London. ll'i-nntTt the lar^eft lake of Sweden, lying in VV Gothland, to the mw of I lie hike Wetter. It is 100 m in Itngth, in fome placcK 40 in breadth, and coutaiiis feveral illandn. The J'urface «)f the laki; h about 140 feet higher than that of the fea. It reci-ives 24 rivers, and its uutl«t is the rivir Gotlui, at the sw •x- tP'niify. IVenncrjlcrg, a town of Sweden, in W Gothland', with a caaie. It is the Ihiple for all the iron lent from the pro- vince of WcrmcLind to Gotheburg, and li-atrd at the w end of the lake Wenner, where the Gotha ifluc» from the lake. . w v. u ro m NvT Outtu'burK. Loii. la 4I k, lit )■ M.irk, wiili a lii jiiiiKfly .1111)17; li.kteil on the Utii-r, u in Ni; Duircldorf h'fr.ltnLrff, r» fortiftrd town ut' .Swil"- Arrlaiid, c.ipit.ti of .t li.iilisvii.-, in thi* canton of CSIanp, wiili .» c.ilUc on .in cmintnci'. It ia ("t.itcil ncir llic Hliiiu*, 10 m kUK Appenzri, and 26 tsi'. GlariM. lyerJcnffh, a town and cilllc of B,i- v.iria, whicii x'vc* n ane to a foir.ly on tlic fnintiirrs of Tyrol. It i« 17 in i» Wcilhi'im, and u nw Inl'pruc. ff'rr/fn, a town and fortrrfit of dr. many, in thi; duchy of 8al/l»ii' ^i, litiiatc on the SaUi, u in s by k S.i /l)nr>: lyerl, a town of the due «y of VVi'^- phalia, with a ralUc, leatctl oir thi'SifiA, U vn s U.im If'ennflanJ, a proviii c of iUvcdfn, the N part of Oothlaiul, tutwccn D ih-- carlia and tin- l.il«c W'cnntr II is 100 m lonjf and 50 broad, .md fi'itilu ; diver- fified by mount. linn, roclcn, hills, Jiul dales, clothed with fotells of birch, poplar, mountain alh, pine, and tir. It alio abounds with lakes, which fnceefd each other almoll without intermiilion ; tome fo narrow a« to appe ir like' broad rivers, and others of a circular (iiape. Numerous rivulets (low from thefc lakes, and form, imetimea. imall pic- torefqne cat.iradh The chief river Is the Clara, or Stor juibe, in which is a ^ood falmon-fiflicry. It h is mines of hlver, lead, copper, and iron, with forges, foiinderiis, &c. belonging to them. Carllbdt is the c:ipital. Wern, a town of Wellphalia, in the principality of M under, with a monaf- tery, fcated near the Lippe, 6 m w Ham. H^ern'tgerode, a town of Uppci Saxo- ny, capital of a county of the fame name w i: s 4l><»tinitln^ in monntun*, (h« ^rlncifMl •»r which i* the Ureal Rrockcn, or Ul ickjlx'rg, by ftime di*>m'd the hiuh* • rt In «ll tfcrnnny. 1).» 4 m'nintnin, dircJUv above the town, \% ilic CJUlr* the relldince of the conni!i of .'^tollicriir* with a v.dnahte IHiriry. The tjilnclpal b'illiu(» of th»' town eon (III* in lucwlnf , diiti'liin;, and wimif K*lur<'* of cloth anj Ittitfi. It in It m w by • ll.dbcr(\iUt, and \\ sxt. Wolfenbnttlw' Lon. 10 ',« K, ht. ^1 5j N. fltrr^i, a river of O-rmany, whfcli riUi in the prineipility of C'lltinr^, } m ahovc r.ifuhetd. mid fliiwi by ItilcU biir^huifcn, Nl»iiinn,ten, Vu'ti. Tiefurt, VV.inlric.1, Allmdorf, and Wi't/iMihaufrn ) it thm rnuri the duchy of Hriiiifwick, paCTi 1 by Mniidrn, and a little lichnv tint town joini tlu' riili!a, where the united IbiMin futmi thf UeliT. ff'tilh.'im, a town of Franconi.i, nn!« tal of a county of tin- fani'- name, wliu li yicldi I'xcelknl wme. The princes and ciHi"t« of LowenlUiii-Wcitheim havu bcitti pilac«i hcic. 'I he prince* .ir«? cathiilics; hut the counts, the magll* trati"', and mott of tlie inhaliit.intt, ar^ piiiMl intH. It ii fiMtcd It the < onnuic oftlic Tauber with the Maine, i6 tn w Witit/burK> Lon. 4H r. lat. 4<; 4H n. /'/./, i'/>/>L-rt a town of France, in the dcp.irtmeiit of Rhine and Mofclle. litrly of Ccrinnny, in the elciSlorat'.' of Treves. On an adjacent mountain is the ruined caAle of Stolbcrg. It is feated near the Rhine) ao m s Cob- lentz. Ifrjenbiirgt a fortified town of nnflla, in the povernmcnt of I'.fthonin, fcated on tlie Wifs, 45 m k Revel. l>'efer, a river of Germany, formtd by the union of the Werra and l-ulda, in the duchy of Brunfwick, at Munden. It flows along the confines of Wcftpha- lia and Lower Saxony by Corvey, Ila- meliti, Minden, and Hoye; receives the Aller, from Vcrden ; pafles by Bremen, and enters the German ocean at Carif< burg. ;| \V K S WeJ} Point, a fortrefs of New York, in Orange county, on the w bank of the Hudfon. It is iituate amid the high latiils, and fo R'-ong by nature and urt, thatiti;icallc(. the Gibraltar of America. It is ao m s Poughkeepfie, and 54 n New York. fyfjlbury, a borough in Wiltfliirc, governed by a mayor, with a market on Friday, and a manufacture of broad cloth. On a hill io the k is Bratton caAie, the remains of a fortification, where thd Danes held out 24 days .igainfl the Englifh. It is 26 m nw Salisbury, and 99 w London. H'fjlerrj, a ciiy of Sweden, capital of WeRmania. and a biHiop's feet with a citadel, and a famous college. It carrien on a cuMndciable trado, particularly in copper, brafu, and iron, of which large quantities are 5 m B Stonington, in Conncdicut. J^ejlern J/latidii fee Azores, and Ilel) rides • lyfJierivaU; fee JVeiteravia. f^'ejhrivick, a feaport of Sweden, .*n Smoland. with a good harbour and quay, a cloth manufadure, and a trade in Ihip-timber and all forts of naval llores. It is feated en the Baltic, 56 m N Calmai, and 1 20 s w Stockholm. Lon. 16 « E, lat. 57 40 N. Wefijield, a t.'Vvii of Maflachufets, in Hampshire county, on a river of its name, 10 m w Springfield. tVefthofin, a town of France, in the department of Mont Tonnerre, lately of Germany, in ihe palatinate of tho Rhme. It has three c'aurchee, and is 7 m NW Worms. IVefihofen, a town of France, in the department of Lower Rhine, i a m w Strafturg. Wejlmania, a province of Sweden, in the dlvlfion Of Sweden Proper, between Upland, Sudermania, Nericla, Werme- WES • land, and ^.ilecarlia. It Is 75 m fonji and 45 broad, and abounds in coppiir and iron mines. Thf fice of the country is diverfified like VVtrmeland. Wifteraj is the capital. Jf'rjlminjler, a ciiy in MiddltCex, the rcfidencc of tht- monarch, the feat of the parliament and of the high conns of julticr, and conflltnting, with London and Southwark, the metropolis of the Britilh empire. On the dilTolution of its abbey, in 1541. Henry viii ereftcd it into a bifhopric, appointing the wlioU; of Middleltx (Fulham excepted) for the dioccfe. It had, however, only one prelate, for Edward vi, foon after, dif- ibived it ; and ihe abbey is now only a collegiate church. Weftminftcr.throiigli courtefy, flill bears the title of a cityj and it fends two members to parliament, which are chofen by the houfehoiders, there being no freemen nor incorporat- ed companies. In the city are two parifli churches, St. Margaret and St. John ; and leven in the liberties, namely St. Clement, St. Mary, St. Paul, St. Martin, St. Ann, St. James, and St. George. The precindl of St. Martin- le-grand, though within the city of London, is under the jurifdidlion of Weftminfter. The number of inhabit- ants was 153, a7» in i«oi, and 162,085 in 18 II. See London. Wtjlminjler, a town of Vermont, in Windham county, on Conncdicut river, oppofite Walpole, in New Hampfhirc, and 40 m NE Bennington. • lyfjimorland, a county of England, bounded on the n and nw by Cumber- land, E and BE by Yorkihire, and s ami svv by Lancaflilre. It is 4a m long and 3} broad, containing 462,080 acres; is divided into four wards, and 3 2 parifties; has eight market towns ; and fends four members to parliament. The number of inhabitants was 41,617 in 1801, and 45i922 in 181 1. It is a region of lofty mountains, naked hills, dreary forefls, and barren moui s ; but is watered by numerous rivers and feveral lakes. The foil of courle is various ; that on the mountains being very barren, while that in the vallies is fertile, producing good corn and grafs, efpecially in the mea- dows near the rivers. In the hilly parts on the w borders are fome mines of copper, but the ore iies very deep. 'J'his county yields abundance of lime- ftone and the fineft blue (late; and many excellent hams are cured here. The manufaftures are coarfe woollen cloth, worfted ftockings, flannels, tanned lea- ther, and gunpowder. The principal rivers are the Eden, Lunc, and Ken ; \V E 1' and the chief lake in Windermere, the l.irprit ill lingland. Appleby is the co'Ji'ty-towii. kK/l/>h(i!iii, one of the circles of Gcr- manyi bonndcd on the n by Lower Saxony, » by llt'lfe, Wt^tteravia, and Treves, w by the N«'therlands and Hol- l.ind,and n by the German ocean. The foil pi-()«l(iros paftiire and fomc corn, though thtri' arc a great many marOies. The horfcs are large, and the hogs in higlieiteem,cfpi.'cially the han>8, knov/n by the name of VVi.'llph.iIin hams. The principal rivers are the Wcfer, Ems, Lipp'", and Roer. It contained the bi- ihoprici of Munftrr, I.it„e, P,iderbr)rn, and OliKibnre ; the principalities of Emdcn or E Fiicfiand, Mciirs, Minden, and Verden ; the duchies of Weftpha- li.i, Berg, Jnhers, Clcve, Oldenburg, and part of the territories of the princes ofNalfan; the coi:riili -, of Mark, Ra- venfberg, Stiir.fe.ct, Tecklenberg, Lin- gen, Bentheim, Diepholt, Hoya, Schau- cnburg, Spixetbuig, I-ippr, Kitberg, and other imaller one« ; and feveral lordfhips .'tnd abbies. But in 1800, the p.irt of this circle lying on the left bank of the Rhine, being fu" "in. tiiird of the whole territory, vvas ui, .,' to Fr.iice. Jkliinftcr iRthe capital. W'jiphalia, a duchy ot Germany, in ».lie cn-cle of Weftphalia, 40 m long and a5 broad; bounded on ihe n by tue principalities of Munlter and Of'i,chuyier, 30 m wnw ('anajohary, H li'itjlable, a village on the coalt of Kent, 7 m nnw Canterbury. It is afmall port, whence Canterbury is liipplipd w ith coal, and has feveral trading vcfi"el3 to London. Whitfiintide IJlatul, one of the New Hebrides, in the P.icific ocean. It is 30 ni long and 8 brond, and was difoovered by captain Wallis, on Whillunday, 1767. Lon. 168 20 K, lat. 15 44 s. U'liittingtoH, a village in Derbylbiip, 3 m N Chederfield. It is famous for a thatehed cottapc, in the upper ftory of which the glorious revolution of i68a was planned ; and on Nov. 4. 17^8, the hundredth ainiiverfary of that a;;(pi- cious day v\'as celebr.ated here, by the deleendants of the illuftrious leaders, and a numerous gentry. n hitlli'hury I'orej}, a forelt in the ri part (^f Nm-thamptonfliire, 9 m long and 3, broad. Jn 1685, thetirlt duke of Grafton was appointed hereditary ranger of this foreft, in which is a linrt feat, railed Wakefield Lodge. ff'Mincren, a town of Suabia, with a Renedie'titie abbey, I'ealed near the con- flux of the Her with the Danube, 3 "\ .ssvv Ulm. IVilniri^, or Vihorg, a government of Ruffia, formerly Rulliau Finland, and comprifed in Kexholm and Carelia- Ic was ceded by the Swedes to the Ruf- fians, partly by the peace of Nyftadt m 1721, and partly by the treaty of Abo ill 1743. Bcfide paRure, the country produces rye, o.nts, and bailey, but not fufficient for the inhabitants, in the governoi-'s court, bufineis v^ lvanla.«pd in the Swedilli, German, and ttufiiau : E * d> ;!i Mi, Hi' 'M^ W I C WIG toiigurs. Lulherariifm is the rltabfilhcd It'itkloi'j, i borough '>f Irolarul, c». religion; but Greek worlliip has been pital ot the county of the lam 'wmn. introduced by the KulIianH ly'iburjj, a fortified ft-aport of RiiflTi;!, capital of a govemineiit of the fame namC) and a bWhup's fie with a ftroiig citadel. The hr'UifK are almoll entirely bui!; of ll(> if. '»'lw.' chief exports are 'i-'anksj, t^llov, pitch, and tar. In 1793* kt was almoll drftroyed by (ire. 'l"he fnrrounding country is pleafant ; and It is fcated on the Irdi lea . ith v narrow harbour, at the month of Mie river Leitrini, 28 ni sst l^uLlin- ',^11, 6 12 w, lat. 52 58 N. ff'iikivar, a town in (Honc.'llerlli' Boverncd by a mayor, with .i nnavKei n\ iVIontlay, 1; m ne ImKIoI, and n w London. U iiltUn, a fortified town of European near it, at Imatra, is the famous catarad Turkiy, in Buijjaria, and an archbiihop's of the Woxa, which makes a noile more ftu'uiing than that of the Rliine at Lautfi-n VVibur^r Itands on the n k point of the gulf of Finland, 110 m KNW Peierlbnrg. Lon. 29 10 e, lat. 60 56 N. lee. It has often been taken and retaken by the AuUrians and Turks. It \i feated on the Danube, 100 in n by w Soffi, and 140 tsK Belgraile. Lon. 24 27 t, hit. 44 12 K. Wied, a cfiinty of WeQphalia, at the IVibuiir, a city of Denmark, in N conflux of tlie rivers Wied and Rhine. Jutland, capital of a dioceleof tl.e lame It is compofed of two parts, the iippir name, ct. id the li;at of the chief Court county, or Wied-Runkel, and tiie lowti of juftict; in the province. In 17:6, a county, or VVi(>cl.Ncuwied, each go- fire burnt the cathedral, a church, the verned by its own count; and the townhoule, and the bifliop'a palace; former, in 1791, was railed 10 the rank but they have all been magnificently of a prince of the empire. 'I'hi.' capitals rebuilt. It i,; feated on a lake, in a are Dierdorf and Nenwicd. peniiifula, 95 m N Slefwick. Lon. i> 50 t, lat. 56 20 N. li'ick, a borough of Scotland, and the capital of Caithnelii, with a har- bour on an inlet of the German ocean, nt the mouth of a river of the lame name. Much kelp is made here, but the fiflieries are the chief objedU of im- portance. The li'mber of inhabitants was 3986 in 1801, and 5080 in 181 1. It is 55 m Nii Dornoch. Lon. 251 w, lat. 58 21 N. Hick, a fortified town of the Nether- laiidt, in the duchy of Limburg, leatid on tlie Meufe, oppolite Maclhiclit, with which it commnnic:; ;es by a bridge. IVick Duerjhde ; 1 '•■ Duti;h'Je, fVickerad, a town of Irancv*, in the department of Roer, h'.ely of Germany, ill the duchy of J ulierb, with two caftles, J 2 m N Juliers. U'ickford, a town of Rhode Iflaiid, //7 the rivi'r Don^'ias, which h made navijjablc to tlic Uibblf, and joins to a canal from Liverpool. It is .9 m n Lan- caftf, and 196 N Nw London. Lon. 2 50 vv, lat. 5.1 .■?4 N. Ulght, an iflaiid in the Enjjiifh chan- nel, on the coaft : number of inhabit- ants was '.■4,7 ;u- "^i' ii^ principal town J» the boc igh <>^ 'S'twport j and it w I r. 'ikewlfe cont.dns the boroughs of N>\r. 'on and Yarmouth. ff igton, a fown in Cumberland, with a markf't on Tncfday, and m inufacftm cs of coirfe linen and cotton , feat d among the moor.s, u n sw Carliilc, and '^-t NNw London. tt'i-iton, a borough a'ld feaport of Sc'jtl.oid, capital of VVij,'t<»n(hirp. Cn the s fule, near the mouth of the niade- noch, are the velH^res of an anciei t calHo ; and to ilie nk is a treat nior;if', c died the Mt)rs of Cree. Here arc ma- nufav.Hurts oF wo')lKii and cotton, tie f'>rmer chidly of pl.iids and flaiinvi. I'he numbir of inhabitants was 1475 in 1 Ho I, and rriiin iHii. It i» fituate on a hill, which overlooks the bay of VVigton, Qo m sw Edinbiirgn. Low. 4 .'.3 w, lat. 54 57 N, ff'((!;tc>i/iin'. or U'rjf Cnilloivofj, i county of Scotland, biunded on the s l)y Ayrdiirc, nk by Kircndbright(hiie, .and on all other fides by the IriHi fea. Tlie grtatefl: extent iti any dire(ftion does not exceed ,^o m, and it-, figure is very irregular. It is divided into 17 parifltjs, and fend;i a member to parlia- ment. The number of inhabitants was 2i.yi8 in 1801, and 26,891 in i),t. The bays of Luce and ilyan extend in- land, forming by their approximation ;i pcninfula, called the Khyns of OiUo- vvay. The principal rivers are the Luce, CVec, and Biadtnoch. The coaft i« tolerably fertile; but the interior anf each landing- place is about a mile from the town. The col ;'ge of William and Mary is fixed here ; but fince the removal of the feat of government, this and other pub- lic buildings are much decayed. It is W I L C) ) m BaH Richmond. Lon. 77 3 w, lat. J7 10 N. IliUhwiiport, a town of MarylaiK?, in Wadiiiigton county, feated on the Potomac, at the month of Cone^u- clicaque creek, 6 m sw I'llifabethtowii, and 7j nnw WallunRton. H'tlliamjliult, a ftrong feaport of Dutch Brabant, built by William 1, prince of Orange, in 1585. It is om of the keys of Holland, is well biiilc, and has a good harbour. This place made a gallant defence, in 1793, against the French, who were obliged to r.iilr the fiegc ; but it furrendercd to them in 1795. It flands on that part of tl.t Meule called Huttirfliet, 15 m wsv, lireda. Lon. 4 30 i;, lat. 51 .19 n. Ifilliam/lon, a town of Alanachnfit^ in Hcrkdiire county, with a flourilhin.; fcminary called Williams Colleu,e, in honour of its liberal founder. It is iH m N Lenox, and 150 wnw Bofton. Jni/iam/Iofty a town of N Carolina, chief of Martin county. It is litnatc on ♦he Roanoke, 24 m w Plymouth, and 55 SK Halifax. fn//ij Ijlf, a rocky ifland at the n end of the ifland of Southern Georgiii. It was dilcovertd in 1775, and contain- ed the nelts of many thouland (haps. Lon. 38 30 w, lat. 54 o s. milifau, a town and bailiwic of Swi!'- ferland, in the canton of Lucern, fcatei'. amoni, mountains on the river Wiper, lO ni HNw Lucern. inimanjlratid, a town of Rnffia, in the government of Wiburg. In 1741, a battle was fought near this town between 3000 Swedes and 16,000 Ruf- li.ans; but, at laft, the former were obliged to yield to fuperiority of number It is feated on the s fide of the lake Saima, 40 m nnw Wiburg, and ico N N w Peterfburg. ff'ilmingtort, a maritime diftrift of N Carolina, comprehending the counties 01 Brunfwick, New Hanover, Onflow, Duplin, and liladen. Wilmington, a town of N Carolina, in New Hanover county, capital of the diftridt of its name. It has a confider- able trade to the W Indies, and Hands on the NE branch of Cape Fear river, 34 m from the fea, and 90 ssw Newbern. Lon. 78 ao w, lat. 34 5 n- Wilmington^ a feaport of Delaware, in Newcattle county, with fix edifices for public worfliip. The town and its neighbourhood is deemed the greateft feat of manufactures in the United States; and almoft the whole of th" foreign exports of the ftate are fron:. -on. 77 3 w, lat, n of Maryland, f (cated on iIk- fli of Concj^o. ■ I'^lifabt'thtovvii, )n. ng fcaport of by William i, 5«5- It is on.' . IS well built, ur- This plnct- ill 179,^, against ol)ligfd to nifr dercd to thitn lat part of tl.i t» 15 m wNw t- 51 .?9 N. f ^lalT.Klmi'et'!, itl> a Hoiiriniirn; ms ColIfKc in iiider. It is iH ^w Hofton. of N Carolina, It islitiiateoii ymoutli,and55 fland at the w Jtliern Georgi;i. 5, and coiitain- tliouland (hags. s. >ailiwlc of SwiC Luccrn, fi-ated fic river Wigcr, n of Ruffia, in ui'g- h\ 1741, ear this town id i6,coo Ruf- ; former were irityofnumber k' of the lake t)urg, and ico icdiftrid ofN J the counties lOver, Onflow, »f N Carolina, capital of the las a confider- :8, and (lands Fear river, 34 sw Newbern. of Delaware, h Ox edifices town and its 1 the greateft the United vholc of th< ite arc fron:. WIL \W\i place. It is fitnatc on the n (Idc of ('l)ri(liana crrck, i m w of the livtr Dei.tware,and :S sw Philadelphia. Lon. 75 40 w, l.a. ,vi 4.1 N. _ lyUmJlow, a town in Chelliirc, with a market on Saturday, ft;it(d on the Bolin, ij ni N Conyleton, and 174 Nw London. fyUna, the capital of Lithuania, in a palaiinite of the liimc nnmi.', and a bKhnp's fee, will) a iiiiivcr(ity, .in nncirnc caille, and a royal palace It Hands on fcvrrnl litth; eminences, and h.is two confiderabic luburbs called Antc)k)!lo and Uiidaifka. Here art' upwa*-'.! of 40 churches ; and the magniliecnt one be- longing to the caflle haa a very rirli treai'ury. In 174M, a condagraton de- Itroycd i^ churches; and in 1749, ano- ther fire happened by lightnin).,', which conl'unu'd lix churchcri . bifidt ♦.hcff, the JcwHli fynagopue, the council hoiife, ..53 palaces, numerous flon«; edifices and other buildings were dcllioycd. The churches have been rebuilt, and fome of them in a more elfgant nianutr than before ; but the city has not recovered its former :;randeur. Wilna was taken by the Rulfiaiis in 1794, and with its territory annexed to that empire. In 18 1 1, it was entered by Bonaparte in his progrels to Rulli i : on his return, and flight from Molodcgno, he reenter- ed it Dec. I, but immediart'ly Hcd a^jain in difguifefor France ; nnd on the i illi the city was rei;;ken by the Ruffian;;- It is leated on the W'ilia, 180 m t Konigf- btrg, and •240 ne Warfuw. Lon. 25 a8 K, hit. 54 41 N. Wtifdorf, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifni.i, near which, in 1745, the .Saxons were defeated by the Prufliana. It is 9 m w Drefden. IVilfnuclh a t; wn of Brandenlnirc, i:i the mart of Fregnitz, 14 m N'.v Ilavelberg. (Vi/jcu'ttz, a town of Mnravia, in the circle of Hradifch, if m knk IlradKcIi. Wiljlir, a lown of Lower Saxony, in Holftein, 10 m N Glucliltadt. If'il/on, a borough in Wilt(hire, go- verned by a mayor, with a market on Wednefday, and a manufacture of car- pets and thin woollen ftufFs. It was formerly the capit.d of the county, but is now much reduced. Here is Wilion- houfe, the magnificent feat of the earl of Pembroke, in which is a celebrated collection of antiques. It is feated be- tween the rivers Willy and Nadder, 3 m w by N Salifbury, and 85 w by s London. fViltJhire, a county of England, bounded on the e by Berkfh're and WIN llampniire. s by Ihmplhire and Dor. fetihiu-, w by Soinrrletlhirc, and nw and N by (Jlniieeftrr(liire. it ik 5.4 m Ion;; and <,i<, brouj, cont.iining liii,i)o acres; is divided into 18 hundicdi, and .loj p;irilhes; has one city and 23 mat!;tt-ti)wii9 ; and f'nda 34 tncm- b«rs ti> parliamei't. The number ot inhabit.intH was i8.<;,to7 in 1801. ;md r9j,H2(jin iHu. 'i'hr air is (harp on the hdls in winter, but \-i mild dur- ing that fcafon in the vakv*. The land in the N parts is generally hilly and woody, but very let tile; lu-re bcin>? madi' that kind of eheite v.hich is fo mi ch edeemed as North W^iltlliiie. In the s it i;i rich and fertih-. In the mid- dh? it chiefly confills of down^, that afTord the bed piflure for Iheep ; and in the vallien, v.'hich divine the downs, are corn-fields and rich mcidow*. The chiif commodities are flieep, wool, wood, and Hone ; of this laft there are excellent quarries on the banfcs of the Nadder, where fome of the ftones are 43 yards in length, and four in ihiek- neCs, without a flaw. The cliicf manu- factures are the different branches of the clothing-trade. The priijcipal riv< ts are the Upper and Lower Avon, the Nadder, Willy, Bourn, and Kenaet. Saldbury is the capital. ff-Jifihlf/lou, a villaja" in Surry, on an eleviited heath, 7 m s-,v Londoru Ii haii copper millii, a manufaifture for print- ing eallicos, and another of japan ware. On the iw angh- of the common is a circular encampmint, including fevea acrer, ; the trench deep and perfect. ff'hii/jorn, or It'imbont J\I:/!jhr, a town in Dorfetfliirt-, with a market on Friday. It had a monalkry, in which were interri-.i the W Saxon king:-; Ethel- dred :uid Sigewnrth, and queen Lthel- bnvi^n. lis noble clnnch, caiYd tile Minfter, was lormerly collegiate- It is Abated between the Stot'.r and Allen, 6 ni N Pooie, and ico s.w London. Jl'immr'by, a town of Sweden, in Smoland, 2« m wsw Wellerwick. // immis, a town of Swifl"erlan> ;;i the canton of Bern, feated on the Sibntn, 18 ms Bern. !Vi>?i/>fc>i, a town of Suabia, lately Imperial. It coniiftsof two towns, call- ed Wimpfen on the Hill and Wimpfen in the Vale : in the former is a Lu- theran parilh church, and a grammar fchool ; and in the latter is a catholic abbey, and a monaftery. A fait- work was ellablilhed here in 1761. It is leat- ed on the Neckar, 8 tn n Hcilbron, and S2 E Heidelberg. IVincaurtton, a town in Somcrfctiiiirc, II ''-1 \\ 1 V vvilh s m*rkti on Wcsln«>fi1.iy, ind A iTijtntifadnre of lickiiip and tUmfclf. ; (f^Stt (I on tt)c fidr of n hill, 14 m » Bkath, riiid loH w by m London. lyinchromh, a town in Cilonf. fln- Oiiri', with ;i inarlfct on Hiitiird»y. It w.\n foinurly notrd for it« abhry, wliolc P' .t end of tht' ^v IN city in the hoipil.il of St.Crofii, fniuidcj by a bilhop of tluN fee, for a mafti-r, nine poor brethffn, and four out pen. finni-rn All travelleru, who c.ill at thii holpital, havr a ri^'ht to demand fotnc bread and beer, which in always broiijjlit to them. Near the li gate of the city h St jiihn'H holpital, in the hall of whicJi the corporation give their entertain- nicntR. U inchefttr was of great note In the tim« of the .Saxons, and here Egbert wan crowned the rtrll fole mo- narch of I'.ngl.ind. Here Henry 11 held a parli.iment, kins Jolm n'lidcd, IKnry III wan born, Richard 11 held a pirlia< ment, and Henry iv was married, ad waH alii:* Mary 1. The number of inha- bitants was 5H36 in 1801, and A705 in iHii. It is feated on the lichen, which is navigable lienee to Southampton, 21 m Nw Chicht llvr, and fn w by n Lou- don Lon. I I 2 w, lat. n 4 .\. H'inc/ifj/irr, a town of Vivgini.i, capi- tal iif I'redirie county. It has four edifices lor public worlhip, and tlanilii nrii the head of Opeckon cnek, which Hows iiitothi'Potomac, 8omwNW AUx- aiidrii. Lon. 78 ,',4 k, lat. ,^i) 15 N. /' iiiclii'jUr, a town of Kentucky, chief of Clark county. It is lituate between the head waterti of the Kentucky atid the Licking. If'nulati, a fenport of the duchy of Comland, with a caftle. The exports are pitch, tar, wax, &:c. and fome fliip.5 are built here. It (lands at the mouth of a livcr of the fame name, in the B;il. tic, 76 m Nvv Miitau, and 10 1 n by E Memcl. Lon. 21 50 k, lat. 57 15 n. " indt-rniere, or H innntkrvirre, the molt cxtenlive lake in England, lying between Weftmorland and Lancalhire. It txtinds 12 m from n to s. hut in no pait broader than a mile ; and is famoiu for fine char, and abundance of trout, perch, pike, and tel- The principal feeders are the rivers Rothay and Bra- thay, and its outlet is the river Leven, This lake is frequently interfetfled by promontories, and (potted with illands. Among thtii', the Holme, or Great Iflind, an oblong trad: of 30 acres, crofies the lake in an oblique line, fur- rounded by a number of inferior illes, finely wooded. fy'indham, a town of Connedicut, capital of the county of its name. It is feated on the Shetucktt, 14 m nnw Norwich, and 22 ^SE Hartford. Lon. 72 low, lat. 41 45 N. ff'tHiii/graiz, a town of Germany, in Stiria, 24' m nw Cillcy. fyindlitiiren, a town of Suabia, in the duchy of Wiitemburg, Icatcd on the 'f.Cmr», foiMijfj •' ''»iir OIK p,,„. '• who (Mil ;,t „||^ |!" ''••m..n,| unnt i«alw;.y.', hroiiL'lit hf«' of till- city ,•., "'«• f'^ill of whici, f/itir entertain. i'^ "f m-M note axorm, and 1,^^. '"• fir't Colo n,o- ■•"c H.-nry it 1,^.1,1 " '■•■''«l"l, liany I " '»•''' a p.rlia- w.ifl inarri.il, an numhrronnha. ".and 6705 ,„ !'•'• I'fhcii, which "iilhanipton, j, '■'- ^^' I'y N Lo„. • T I 4 .V. 'f Viif^iiii,,, capi. /•, It has f„,„. ">ip. and ilaMis •oiicrrtk, which HomwNwAhx. ! ':"• .-!'> I'; N. ^tntiicky.chi.i ^ "lUiatc betwcrn 1-' Kentucky and '«f thp duchy of e. The t-xports ;• and ihmi: iliips Ids at the momh ^me. in the B.1I. and loT V by e ' 'at- 57 15 N. 'fnilernirri;, the England, lying and Lancafhire. to s. I)ut in no ! and is famous lance of trout, ' he principal "thay and Bra- be river Levi-n. intcrfeaed by -il with dJands. fne, or Great of ^o acres, ',qiie line, fur- i" inferior iflcs, ■ Conned icut, • 8 name. It is ^ 14 m Njjvv irtford. Lon. fG( nnany, In Siiabia, in the cated on the \N I N I,uitfr, .it lt« conHiix with the Ncck.ir, 1: m HR Stiitgard liinJjluie/j, a town and cattle of Sua- hla, in ihe inariiravHtc of Anfpach, Uat- flii on the Kidnii/, 10 m tm. Anipich. ft'inJ/Mm, a town of i'rai.eonia, lately imperial. The ramparts th it fiirroinid it ftrve for a promenade. It in feated on th«' Aifc-h, 30 in bs VViirtz- jiurir, and ^^ hsw HamljerK. Il'hhijor, a horouj-h in Herklliire, f.atcd or) an «Mniiiencc, hy tlic 'I'liunen, widi a market on Saturday. It iikccle- hnteil for a mantiificent I'aftle. built ((rlKinally by William 1, and enlarged by Henry i. It w.is the rclidencc of the iuccfcding monarcliR. till Kdward III (who w.\n born in it) cauled the ancient building to lie taken down, and ere(5Ved lb«! prtfent llru».'\iire and St. Georgv^^ij chapel. Great ailditionH were made to it by Edward iv, lieriry VII, Henry VII r, and Mlil.ibt lli. Ciiarhs II cnlarja'd the windows and made them regular, fiirnillied the royal apart- ments with paintings, enlargeil the ter- race walk on the N lide, and carried it round the li and s fnleo. His piefeiit majelly has alio madt? very fine im- provenients. This caftio ftaiids on a iiigh hill, which rills from the town by a gentle afceut ; and ita fine torniee, faced with a rampart of frct'lh»ne, 1870 feel in length, is one of the noblcd walks in Europe, with rolpeft to Itrength, grandeur, and profpetfla. From that part of the caltle called the Round Tower, is an cxtenfive view into twtlve counties St. George's chapel, or the collegiate church, which Hands between the upper and lower courts, was begun by Edward iii, in 1377, in hon»)ur of the order of the garter. Edward iv enlarged the defign, and it was finilhed by Henry VII. The interior architec- ture is greatly admired, particularly its ilone roof; and the whole was repaired and beautified in 1790. In ibis chupel are interred Henry vi, Kdward iv, Henry viii, his queen Jane Seymour, and Charles t. The royal foundations in this caftle are ; the order of the gar- ter, inftituled in 1349, confiding of the fbvereign, and 25 knights companions, exclufive of the princes of the blood royal; and the royal college of b^t. George, confiding of a dean, 1 1 canons, feven minor canons, and 18 poor knights. Oppoftte the SE fide of (he caftle, is a modern-built manfion, called the Queen's Lodge ; and below this is the Lower Lodge. Adjoining the quetn's lodge is the little park, which, extends round the t and n fidea of the caftle> WI N and forms a brauiilul lawu, 4 m in clr. cult. On the k lide of the town i« thf ^reat park, which i» 14 m in circuit: It has a noble road from the town, through a doulde planlalion»t of trees, to the ranger I. lodge. On the death ol' lh«' lall ranger. IJei.fy I redenc duke of Lumlierland, his majelty look the m.4. nageinent of this p.irk Into hii own hands, and has niadf conlu'erable im- provemeiiu with refpee't to agricultural utility, as well at rural beauty. Windlor coniarned ,ij6i rnhibiiants in i«oi, and ^i.S.S in iSii. It is 17 m R by N Kead- niK, and ij w London. Lon. o ^6 vr. lai. ji 30 N, /' inf/jor, a town of Vermont, chUf of the county of its name. The aH'tni- biy of the Hate holds its l.Hioii here and at Rutland alternately. It is feated on the river Coiineilicut, 40 m K by 8 Uutland, and 71 Nh Hciinington. Lon. 714.W, lat. 45 ay n. ff hi/ij'ir, a town of Conniidicut, in Hartford county, on tiie river Connecti- cut, airhr udliixofU'iiidfor Terry river, 7 «n N H.irtlord. H'indpr, a town lyf N Carolina, chle. of Herlie county. It is lituate on the Culliai, 1.3 m w by s Edenton. Hindfor, a town of .Mallachuf.'ts, in Herklhire county, feat, d among hiiis, 20 m NNw Lenox, and ni w by .m Bolton. Hlndjbrt a town of Nova Scotia, with a college, touniled by royal charter in 1802. It is feated on a river of the fame name, Aj m nw Halifax. ff'i/ul/br Seiv, a town of New York, in Ulfter county, on the w fide of the Hudfon, juft above the high lands, 6 in N of WellPoint. If'huljor I'oreji, a "^oteft in the E part of Bcrklhire, 50 m in .-ircuit. Though the /oil is generally barren and unculti- vated, it is finely diverlified by hills and dales, woods and lawns, and delightful villas, it coMlains feveral towns and villages, of which Wokingham is iht: principal. IVindnuard Ijlands, fuch of the Ca- ribe illands in the W Indies, as com- mence at Martinico, and extend to Tobago. IViiidxvard Pajfage, the ftrait between Point Maizi, the k end of the illand of Cuba, and Cape St. Nicholas, the ww extremity of St. Domingo. Winmnden, a town and caftle of Sua- bia, in the duchy of Wirtemburg, \i in RNK Stutgard. If'inniczu, a town of Poland, in Po- dolia, with a caftle ; feated on the river Bog, 35 m N Brack lau. 1 1* W T N ■ Ifintuftgt .( like of Upper C'inailj, N«r of Lake Superior. It U \^nt.«ins ii number nf finnii ill.itiilt. The liiiKJi on iti haitku prodiici* V4(l «|iuntiti< >i of wiltt rice, und the liigar* tree in gnat plci.'y. tUnH/loroin^'.t A town of S Carolina, chief ol I'uirficld county, wiili » frmi' n.iry called Mount '/iou 1 ollt-^i'. It tUnd» on VV.jifrcf crcik, which llowi into the liver of that name, <6 m n hy w Coliitnhi.i. I.oH' 81 i -^ w, lat. j4 aa N. ff tnj'chotfH, n fortified town of Iloi- IaucI, in (ironingen. II<'rc, in 1568, wa.i fought the firft liattlo In-twern thf n-- volti'd Dnich and the Spaniaidi. wli'> wrri- tit Ic.itcd by Lewis, l)rotiu r to tlit prince of Ornn^'e. It 1^6 111 b of Dolluit Lay, and n) m. Oroningen. ff'hi/hi, a town of l<'iwer Saxony, In the ducliy of I>un<'bur>,', with a cafltc. ii- >rfd on the Luhe, near itH c )nllux vitli the litnenau, if m nw Lunt-biirj;. — Anothrr, lt',iti/!oru;, a town in Buckiiipham- fliire, with a nurket on Tu'idny, 7 m Nw Ayltfbtiiy, and 49 wnw London. tl"n;Jloii){ton If'inloH, a town of N Carolina, chief of Ht'itlord county. It ii litn.itf on the Chowan, la m mb MurfretHi )ro»ij;h, and .v> M^^ liilenton. Hinivti/rr, a town of France, In the department of Mont Tonnme, lately of (lermany, und cipit.tl of the comity of F.ilkenlliix Pv»ntH. If'inaviii, a village in Lanrafliirr, ^ m N VVarrinjjton It is ilcenieil the richelt redory in the kinj^dom ; and on the s fidi,> ot the cluiich i.s a Latin in* fcription, Inliinalinij that tin- place wan ojice .i favoiite ft ai ol Ofwald, Ling of Northnmbi rland. fli/'/>f}furt, a town (.f W«ilpbalii, ill the ihichy i-f Hi'ri::, (eattd on the VVi|>ptr, near itH fource, .^o m E.s: Uuf* feidorl U'ip/tra, a town of Upper Sixony, in till- county < I .Mansfeld. (ituate on the VVipper, 10 n wN w Eilli b' n. J( irftjhvortlit a town in D' rl^niirc, with a niarktt on Tiiekliy Lead ore in found here in great r.binui.inic, and it is the jtrcalelt mart for lead in Ep)^'- laiicl. Millltoiies and griiuillones ,ue alio found in the inighb>nirli()od, as well as veins of antimony. It is feated in a valley, in-ar the fourcc of the, Ecii.'f. born, ;_:; \\\ ^ by w Derby, and 140 nnw London. fVirtcmbiirg, or Jf itrteiibiirg, a fi)ve- rcign duchy oF Germany, in the circle of Sualiia ; boniuicd on the n by tlu; palatinate of the Khint; :ind Franconia, E and s by fev^ral provinces of Sii^ibia, auvl w by the Black foreft and the marquilhte of B^den. It is C5 m in length, and iiearU as much.in breadth; and is one of the* iroft pctpnlous and fertile countries in Germany, though there are many mount. lin-* and woods. It produces plenty of pafture, corn, fruit, and a great deal ol N> ck.ir wine, io called from the river Neclcn, which runs thiuugh the duchy. There arc alfu mines and fait fprings, and much game. Stutgard is the capital ; and I he .VIC I ». of th » WcUer . tlic pri -ai.icen lit hil Ihc t'>\ mcrly Mint/.. n. h ill the S,i.turd»< i\i corn milli >' ber of It h IV tr.>in I 'he «rticlci mnJt 'tl fiiincri .irc ir, t '.1.1>» ril.l.iilfj,;. ""'MH«I f.tmlttj, '•*'^"» i» m i.vi on I hi' r. c-,Maof ''^'•yc.illcJWi,,. •• 'iKlitliuuff, ,0 "i" I lie (|iifrii'y» Id fJl w by » Cuolid.i, (I, J ,'^ 'ltll,lt,.()|, ,hc '•irlrci/b)roiijj|i, Fr.Kice, in tlio ""[""C. lately o^ thiMromitir ni w,w V\o;.n , '" '-sncafliiir, , '" 'IffllU'il thl- "Kilom ; ami on '■'' '•'* •» Latin in. :'f fli'- piacn w.if! Ulwuld, kinjjof ''f W.Uphnlh, fcattd oil tlif .10 m E»i Duf. Pper S ixony, in ■ 'iluate on the lltlii ti. ill Di rliy/liirf, I ly Lead ore i'.biuul.iiiio, and »r ii.ad ill Eng- jriiuKlont's an; iirliood.aswdi t is fratcd in a "f llu:Iu\i,(-. ■» and 140 N\\v iiburg, a fove- •. in the circio the \- by tlu; lui Fraitconia, c<'Sol" Sii^I)i,i, )i<'ft and tl)«< t is O3 m ill li.il) breadth; fX'puiuus and lii'iy. thoiigl: ■< .Hid woods, '^ftiirf, corn, V'ckar wine, eclcar, which Thf.'ie arc )> and much apital j and WIT Ihf ftnclrnt Ckfllc ol WlrUmburg 14 4 in t. of 1h.1t city. IfiJxiJtn, n town of Oirmmy, in U'ciifravi4» wUlt -t p •■■ue bdoiii^in^ !<» the priiuH- of NiM'tii lllinjjni. The uljjci'nt country ii lurroinuled by plc'i> U hillit, which yield excellent wine, itic t'»wn h.ki ftHiii warm luthi, t'ui- riicrly of Kre.it npui«* It in 6 m h Mtntx, am] 31 w Fi'itiikforl. Ifijharht x town iti Ciinbrldv^cdiirc, in the ide of Ely. with a nurkt-t mt Sdiirday. It lui .1 confiderablr tr.idc in torn, and »)f oil prt-tVed Ir.im fccdtat mitli in the ni'ighbourhoiid. The num- ber of iuh.iliitunr« v\.i> 6400 in iilii. It jj letltd on a navigable river, iH in trotn the lea, 34 nnw C.iiDbiidi^o, And o') 45 w, lit. 4 j 57 N. infclifrroil . A town of Pvilaml, in the pdatinate of I'i'jckiko, feated o\\ llic VilUiia, il m i by a i'locklko, and 58 WN'w W.irf.iw. li'ijl'jc/i, a town of r.ermaiiy, in tlif late p.ilatinatc ol the Rhine, icated on the r,li;iiz, 14 in i- by n Spiic. I! //)/itir, a rtroMK fetioii». The three principal churchi-s, the towiuiourc, and the palace of Mecklenbiirir, arc the mofl remarkable buildinjits. The royal i^wcdilh tiibiin.il for the CiLrman i!.)- minions of that crown is eltibiilliLd at this place. It is Ceatcd on a bay of the Baltic, 30 m E by N Lubec, and .53 wsw Rolloc!;. Loii. 11 34 t, lat. 5,^ 56 N. lyijJon, a town of Wales, in Pem- brokelliire, governed by a mayor. It had an exteidive caftle, which is now in ruins. It is 6 m en e Ilaverfordwcft, and 248 wjjw London. U'itepjk, a (Irong town of Lithuania, lately the capital of a palatinito of the fame name, but now fubj -(fl to HufTia, and in the government of Polotlk. It W FT it fc«tnl in a monfi, nt the conflux of tlie VVul(b« wlih Ihf Dwiri,i, 4a m i«r. I'ulotll , Anx\ ;< w Hw Smoli-nflc. Lon. . vuN. a t'lwii uf Lui.ttt.i, on the river Klfti-r ij m n.sw Hudilf.-n, It'll :'>iau, t town iif Itobrmij, in llir circle t)i' Beoliiii on the river Lnufiiitr, 14 in t Bndwci*. lllffiH/ltiit, n callji* of Oerm.my, in W.ll.fwat I, which nivc« name to u linill county, iini ed to that uf S^yn. It ftandi on « bigli rock, i.f m Nvr MarbiMK. Hithonif a river iii Line >lti(hire, winch II nv< N by Orantlia'n, to Lin- coln, and thiTce si. by T.ittcrlhall and lltWlon iritothc German ocean. From Lincoln it ha* a cominuiie.idon with the Trent, by a nuiixible canil, cillcd the lM)irdik.', cut by king Ibiiry 1. H'ithnni, » town in I Ilex, with a maikei onThurldiy, li,it<(li(ii mivh- let, near i'H conllux with the Bl.ick- water, (i .n nk Clielni lord, and jH knk Loinl III. // ////./;, a t"\vn of Fianrc, in tl;f de- jMrtinent of Sure, litily of (Jeriii iiiy, III the rli,;ioratv- of i'rrvcM. !i Ims a cattle called Oltenllein, and in the nciKh- bourhood are many copper- mine i. It in (ialed on the Leicr, 19 in nn.'. Treves. ll'it ^ini'l, a town of VVcftplnli I, i» F- I'litnoid, fealed 01 liic ll.ui.', 20 n\ Nu I'.nulen. II it.Ki/, a tinvn in OxIoidiMire, with a marL'i on liiinrdty. Ikre are ma- inifactuus of the Hnelt blanUet.s, and other thick woollen)., called beiir-lkiii.. ■■\h\ kerleys. Ii is feati. I .-r IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k fe Mio Us V 10 I.I 11.25 lAilM |2.5 ■^ lU |2.2 ISf 144 "" lit ■ 40 I 2.0 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STR2!T WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 WOB oriy, ill Mecklenburg, 15 m wsw Schwcrin. IVitteuhalt, a large villaj^e in Stafford- ftiire, !} m E Wolverhampton, partaking in the trade of that town. IVittenJhin, a town oF Rnffia, in the g overumcnt of Livonia, 40 n» SE Uevel. inttlej'fif-mere, a lake in the nk part of HuMiingdonlhire, 6 n^ long and 3 broad. It is 4 m 8 Peterborough. IViizenliaufin, a town of Germany, in Lower Hefle, fi-ated on the VVerra, 18 m E by N Cartel. Il'tvelifcomb, a town in Somcrfetfliire, with a market on Tuefday, and a ma- iiufaifture of blanketing, kerfeys, and other coarfe cloths. It ftands on th9 T hone, 20 m n Exeter, and 153 w by s London. IViv,fnlioe, a village in Eflfex, feated on the ('oin, 3 m se Colchefter, of wliicli it is the port, and has a cultom- lioufi;. Tiie ColcliL'fter oyfters arc chiefly barrelled at this pbci'. iyiadika<:> lat. 51 18 N. Ho/beck, a town of \^'ellphalia, in the principality of Mundcr, 7 m sse M under. JVoldeck, a town of Lower Saxony, in Meckh-nburg, 21 m ene Strelitz, ff'ol/ac/i, a town of Suabia, in the principality of Furftenberg, on a river of the fame name, at its conflux with the Kintzig, 19 m ne Friburg. I'Volfenbuttle^ a principality of Lower Saxony, which conftitutea a part of the duchy of Brunfwick. It is divided into two parts by the principalities of Hil- derflveim and Halberftadt ; the northern borders on the duchies of Luneburg Ii* prffent Woburn e duke of nit down r rpbiiilt. of fullers I. aticl 4j WOL »nd Magdrburg ; thf fouthern lies be- iwccn th<'' principality of Hcldcflifim, the abbey of Corv«'y, and the county of VVerniperode. The n part produces abundance uf If ralii. gr»in, flax, hemp, lilk, and various kinds of puife and tiuit. The s part is hillv and has little aral)le land, but yields plenty of timber and iron, and has manul'adures of glafs .nnd fine porcelain, with a very rich mine and fait works in the Hart/ forclt. Tile principal rivers are the Wcl'er, Leine, and Ocker. The eltAblilhed re- ligion is the Lutheran. ff'olfdn/futtlf, a ftrong city of Lower Saxony, capital of the pr' cipality of the lame nam«*. It has a callle, a long time the relidence of the dukes, in which is an excellent library, with a cabinet of curioiities relating to natural niftory. The academy is very famous, and is called the Ducal great fchool. J II the principal church is the burial- place of the princes, which is an ad- mirable piece of archite(5ture. Wolfen- buttle ia feated in a marlhy foil, on the Ocker, 7 m s by w Brunfwick, and 30 w Hrilberftadt. Lon. 10 4^ e, lat. 5a 10 N. IVolferfdikey afinall ifland of Holland, in Zealand, between N Beveland and S Bevelatid. IVolfsberg, a town of Germany, in .Carinthia, with a caftle ; ftatcd on the Levant, at the foot of a mountain, 26 m ENB Clagenfurt. Wolgajlj a IVaport of Hither Pome- rania, with one of the bed harbours on the Baltic. Only tlic tower of its an- cient caftle is now Handing. It is feat- ed on the Peene, or w channel of the Oder, 54 m Nw Stettin. Lon. 13 5a e, Jat. 54 4 N. WolkenJie'tTit a town of Lower Saxony, in the circle of Krzgeberg, with a caftle on a rock, near the Zfchopa, 15 m sse Chemnitz. Wolkomyjlit a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of Novogrodeck, feated on the Ros, 23 m se Grodao. JVol/in, a fortified town of Hither Pomerania, capital of a fertile idand of the fame name, between the two eaftern branches of the Oder. It is feated on the Diwenow, 12 m sw Camin, and 30 N Stettin. Lon. 14 40 E, lat. 53 50 n. i^ olm'irftadtt a town of Lower Saxo- ny, in the duchy of Magdeburg, on the river Ohra, 10 m n Magdeburg. Woloczok, a town of Ruflia, in the government of Novogorod. Here is a anal which unites the Tiverza with the ^ifta, and the carrying trade upon it is WOO confiderable. It is 100 m ff, Novogo- rod. ^ Lon. 34 20 h, lat. 57 30 N. ff'ol/ingham, a town in the county of Durham, with a market on Tuefday, fituate on the Wear, amid mines of lead and coal, 16 m w Durham, and 257 NNw London. ff^olvei/uonptnttt a town in Stafford- fliire, with a market on Wtdnefday. It has a collegiate church, annexed to the deanery of VVindfor. and a handfome chapi'l. The number of inhabitants was ii.565 in i8or, and i4.B:?6 in iHii. Here is a great iron maiiuta<5tute, con- fifting of locks, hinges, buckles, cork- Icrews, and japanned ware. It is fixat- ed on a hill, nearly encompafl'ed by canals, 16 m s Stafford, and 122 nw London. /fo/vei/, a village in Warwickfhirc, 5 m SB Nuneaton. Here Edward iv was furprifed and taken pnfoner by Richard Nevil carl of Warwick. If'omeldorf, a town of Fennfylvania, in Berks county, 68 m nw Philadel- phia. U'oodbridge, a town in Suffolk, with a market on Wednel'day, feated on the E fide of a f'andy hill, by the river De- ben, 8 m from ihe fea. It has docks for building fhips, convenient wharfs, and a great corn trade. It is 7 n\ kne Ipfwich, and 77 ne London. IVoodbridfrt, a town of New Jerfey, in Middlefex county, 3 m n by w Am- boy, and 70 ne Philadelphia. fVoodbury, a town of New Jerfey, chief of Gloucefter county. It is fitu- ate near the Delaware, 9ms Phila- delphia. IVoodchefter, a village in Gloucefter- fiiire, a m s Stroud. It has a broad- cloth and a filk manufa(5ture. A great teflclated pavement and other fplcndid Ilomai) antiquities have been diicovered here. ff'oodi, Liikr of they a lake of N Ame- rica, 90 m long and 30 where broadtft, but very irregular in its fliape. It lies between the Winnepeg and Lake Supe- rior, chiefly in the territory of the United States, but the n part is in Upper Canada. It contains feveral iflands ; and the lands on its banks are covered with oaks, pines, firs, &c. IVeodjlock, a borough in Oxfordfliire, governed by a mayor, with a market on Tuefday. It is chiefly noted for Blen- heim houfe, built at the expenfe of the nation for the duke of Marlborough, in memory of his fignal vidory over the French and Bavarians, in 1704- In Blen- heim park originally Hood a royal pa- woo lace, the favorite rotrcat of ft:vcial kings of Liigland, till th(' reign of <"li.Vl«'s I, wlien it was .ilmoU wliolly in ruins. After the biiikling of Blen- Iicim, cv(ry trace of thiu cJiticc wan removed, and two rims wire planted on it8 lite. King Ilthclnd held a par- liament iU \\'oodIl:()ck palace ; and here Alfred the gieat irannatcd Boetius dc Coiiloiationc PhiJolbphiaB. Henry i beaulificil the palace; and here refided Rofaniotil, niidrefs of Henry ri. lid- miind, fccoiid fon of Edward i, was born at lliis palace; alio Edward, eldcft fon of Edward ni ; and here the prin- colii Elifatutli way cunfiu. d by her fifler Mary. \'»'ood(lock has a manufa^hiru of gloves, aiul of lUcl watch chaino. The pnct Chaucer was born, lived, and died here. It is 8 m nw Oxford, and 6i WNW London. JVoodjIock, a town of Virginia, chief of Shenandoah county. It (lands rjn a branch of Shenandoah river, 34 m ssw Winchefter and 80 wnw Alexandria. iroodjhivu, a town of New Jcrlcy, in S«!em county, 1 2 m n by e Salem, and «6 ssw Philadelphia. IVooler^ a town in Northumberland, with a market on Thurfday. N<:ar this town the Scots were defeated on Holy- rood day 1402; and the battle was ib bloody, that it gave the name of R« d- riggs to the place where it was fought. Woolcr 18 feaied on the river Till, near the Cheviot hills, 14 m s Berwick, and 317 N by w London. fVoolfi'ity a village in Suffolk, 8 m E l;y s Bury St. Edmund, noted for making while bricks. Jfookvic/i, a town in Kent, with a market on Friday. It is of great note for being the mod ancient military aJid naval arfenal in England, and for its royal dock-yard, where men of war have been built as early as the reign ot IJeiiry viir. At the eaftern pait of the town is the royal arienal, in which are valt magazines of great guns, mortars, bombs, balls, powder, i/chetburj(, a town of Silefia, in the county of Glatz, with a good trade in yarn, la m wnw Glatz. fVunfJorf, a town of Lower Saxony, in the principality of Calenburg, 10 m WNW Hanover. IVunJieJel, a town of Franconia, in the principality of Bayreuth. Near it are mines of copper ajid iron, and quar- ries of marble. It is feated on the Rof- flau, I J m w Egra, and 34 e Bayreuth. If^urtenburg ; lee IVirtembnr:^. fVurtzhur^^, a duchy of Germany, comprehending a great part of Franco- nia. It is 65 m long and. 50 broad; bounded on the N by Henncberg, e by Bamberg, s by Anfpatch, Hohcniohe, and Mergenthcim, and wby Wcrtheitn, Mentz, and Fulda. The foil is very fertile, and produces more corn and wine than the inhabitants confume. This territory was lately a bifliopric, and its fovcreign one of the greatelt cc- clefiaftical princes of the empire ; but it was given as a principality to the cledor of Bnvaria, in i8o;3 ; and by the treaty of I'refburp, in 1805, it was ceded to the archduke Ferdinand, in the pl.ice of Salzburg. fyurtzbur^, a fortified city of Fran- conia, capital of a duchy of the f;ime namet with a magnificent palace, a uni- verfity, an arllnal, and a handibme hof- pital. The fort refs ftands on an emi- nence, and communicates with the city by a ftonr bridge ; it includes tbe late WYE oplfcopal palace, and a church, fuppof- ed to ne the oldeft in Franconia. Bi-. (ide the cathedral, there are ftveral col- Icgi.itc and parifh churches, collt-jrcs, ahbies, and C(»nvent«. Here \* a canodn and licll foundery ; alfo cloth iind ftuft m;tnuf;K*liire3cft;ibiinied in the houfcof corrc(5>ion. Wiirt/burg was t.iken, in 1796, by the French, who were defrat- rtl htre limn after, ind the city retaken 5 btit they became maftc-ri of it ugain in 1800. It is (rated on the Maine, 40 m w.' Severn, bflow Chepftow. 'i'liis river iii n.ivigabic' aimnit to May, ami a ciii.tl furmR a communication between it aiul the Severn from llcrcfortl to Glou- cefter. ly't/l; fee fffU. iVymondham, a town in Norfolk, with a market on Friday, and a m.imi- f.iiSlurc of ("mall wooden ware. 'I'lic church is th«! «Mftt'rn part of an ancient abbi y, and on its lofty ftetpk* was hung Ket, the rebel, in the reiv;n of Kdwaid VI. Here is a frtt'ltRool fouiKUil by queen Klifabeth. It in 9 \x\ wh v Nor- wich, and too NNK London. Wyre, a river in Laneafliire, which rifns 6 m se Kancafter, pad'es by Gar- Aang, and enters tiie Irilli IVu, below Puultun. X. Xabea, a feaport of Spain, in Valen- cia, near the coallof the Mediteriaiuan, 44 m KE Alk:ant. Loii. o 3 i' , lat. 3H 48 M. Xacca, or Sciacca, a feaport of Sicily, in Val di Mazara, with an old c.iltle. Here are iarge granaries for ihe rccop- tion of corn, and manufa(Jture3 uf beiu- tifui vafes. 'I'hc chief exports are corn, fulphur, and barilla- In the vicinity are celebrated hot baths. It isfeated on the E coaft, at the foot of a mountain, 30 m SE Mazara, and 48 ssvv Palermo. Lon. 13 ij E, lat. 37 35 N. Xagua, a feaport o1^ the scoaft of the ifland of Cuba, f-ated on a bay that is 15 m in circuit, and furroundcd by mountains. It is one of the fined ports in the W Indies, 84 m s e Havana. Lon. 80 45 vv, lat. aa 10 n. Xalapa, a city of New Spain, in the province of Tlafcalu,and a bifhop's fee. The richcft merchants of Vera Cruz have houfes here, in which th'« Ut. 29 H V. Vnret a river in Norfolk, formed hy the confluence nf (evcral ftreams that rife in the heart of the country, It p.ines by Norwich, and id navigable thence to Yarmouth, where it eiitcr» the German ocean. Varknn, or Irhn. a town of Tartaiy, in the country of C illigur, with a l,ir;;i' palace, where llie khan of the FJuth Tartars generally reiides. It has a con- nderahli* trade, and ftands in a fertile country, on a river of the fame nanii', J 00 m sK r'a/hgur. Lon. 79 4 e, lat. .}8 ^o M. Yarm, a town in N Yorkfliirc, with a mnrkct on Thiirfday, and a great trade in corn and lead ; (cated on the Tt.'j, 17 m N by K Northallcrtoi|, and 239 n by w London. Yarmouth, a feaport and borough in Norl'idk, giwcrned by a mayor, with a market on Wediiefday and Saturday. It i.s feated at ihc mouth of the Yare, and has a convenient harbour, witli a verycxtenfive quay. Its foreign trade is confiderable, and it alio fendn fliips to the Greenland fifhery. A great nuiii- ber of herrings are cured here, and under the name of red herrings, arc cither confumcd at home, or exported to Southern countries. Yarmouth is much frequented for (ea-bathing. It has two churches, and a very fpacious market-place ; but tl.e ftreets, in gene- ral, are very narrow. The number of inhabitants was 14.485 in 1801, and 17,977101811. Off the mouth of the harbour is a bar, which provents the entry of Ihips of large burden ; and the many fandbanks off tlie coaft form the Yarmouth Roads, fo noted for frequent fliipwrecks. Yarmouth is aj m k Nor- wich, and 124 NE London. Lon. i 45 E, lat. 52 38 N. Yarmouth^ a borough in Hampftiire, on the Nw coaft of the ifle of Wight, with a fortified caftle, and a convenient quay. It is feated at the mouth of the Yar, 10 m w Newport. tin- fir It 1.111. Ill, i'S iiiiil N.„rthc ^lli(•|l J9 ni w hyr H rj N. thr full c of the I- Lon, YEN KirMdM^i a fcnport of Mafnirliiiri't*, in Hitrndahle county, on the n l.'tt.' of thn pcninfula of Cape Cod, 5 m utiw li.irnlbhie lA>n. 70 ta w, Int. 4r 51 s. Vorntouth, North, a town «)f tin- di- llri(5t of M.iino, in Cumhcrlainl i-nmiiy, on A linall river that (lows into Cafco l).iy, 14 m s hy r. Portl.ind. Yaru'iiti, .•» village of the kingdom of Quito, nc.ir ;i plain of the famo name, 11 in NK Oiiiti». Thin plain was chol'cn for the l).ilc of the opcr.itiouH for mi'.v fnrliig an arch of the meridian, by UII0.1 aiitl the Fn-nch mathem-i'.iciaiis. YnxU}/, a town in Huptiiigdonlhire, with .1 mark»"t on TucJUay, and exfjn- five barracks; feated on aw (^mini-nci-, near Witilcfey-merc, .a m s Pi.terbo- roiich, and 78 s London. Vat/na>fglieoum, a town of Birrrah. celebrated for the oil wolls in it« noinh bourhood. which fiipply 'he v hole em- pire, aiij many parts of India, witii petroliiim. The inhabitants are cm ployed in making j.irs to contain the oil. It Itands on a creek of the Irra- >viddy, 2B nn ••» by K Sillah-mew. Ydjhd\ koYjtad. Ye, fee iVye. Yea, a town of Peru, In the audience of Lima, vith a trade in ^lafs, wine, brandy, &c. It is feated in a valley, watert'd by a river, 50 m ksk Pifco, and J 70 S8K Lima. Ye/J, one of the Shetland iflands, to the N of that cnltcd Mainlaml. It is 20 m long and 8 broad, and hai ffveral good harbours. The only arahlc land is on tho coaft, the Interior aftbrding coarfe pafturage for Jhecp and beeves. YeHow Hiver ', fee Hoan-ln. Yellow Sea, or Leuoton^, a gu'f of China, between th m ssK Pt'King. 3{) N. Yen-tc/tinir, a town of China, in Chan- ton},', where a kind of jilafs is made, fo delicate, that it will not endure the in- clemencies of the air. It is 45 ra bu Tfirian. Yeovil, a cnrporate town in Somcr- ft.'tfliire, with a market on Friday. Here are mannfadurcs of cloth and L'.ither pl()vf3. and the trade in hemp and (bs is confiderihie. It is feated on the Yeo or Ivil, 20 m s Wells, and iij w by s London. Yi'fdtkhaJ}, a town of Ptrfii, in Far- fiftan, on the confines of I rac- Apt-mi ; fraled on a rocky emint ricf, 75 m .ssg Ifpahan, and 130 n by w Shiias. Yetholm, a town of Scotland, in Rox- burgftiire, on the rivulet Bowmont, and borders of Northumberland, 9 m se Kell>. YeTid, a city of Perfia, in Irak, on the borders of Kerman. It has manufac- tures of filk and cctton fluffs, fine porce- laiii, and cr.rpets ; and i.s a plaie of confiderablc trade. The inhahiiaiits are eftimated at above 90,000, of whom 15,000 are Guebres, or worfiiippers of fire. The city is deilitute of a wall, aiKl the fort has a mean appearance. 3I' «i i'i ,i » I, Y () II Ciilllc iro Cotzc here, ind iUf Rrr;»tfft part of its corn ii olitaincd Iruin tin* vidiiity nf llp.i|i,iri. It i» ''tiMiff in a findy ilrfcrr, contiRiioiit to a hi^h r.tnge (if nionntainii, aoo tn K by ■ Ilp.thin. Lon 36 10 K, Ut ,M ao n. y'lo, a fciport of Peru, In the province ef Ch4rc4(, 70 m N N w Arica. Lon. 7 1 tj w, hit. 17 j6«. Yonktn, ;i lown of New V(»rk, In Wtrll Chcfler county, on th« rivi'r lluil- fon, 17 n» NN», New Vurk. VoKtitt ;i department of Fr.incr, con- taining p.trt oi the l.itcprovinci* of Hur- guticly. It ia lo called from a river, which rify d pa- luce, built by Uniry \iii, where Ic. veral of the kpigi h.ivc lodiijed, though it ii now neKlfiitetl. York i^ a county of itfelf, govtined by a lord-n>.iyor , the prefix «»t loul bcin^ given by Ui- chard n j and it :t county mvliulcit .\uifl\ IJberiy, in which are 3 s vill.igt!* .mil h.imlets. The guildhall, Tiiiilt in 144ft, is a grand llrne*tnre Cupported by two rows of oak pillai i, e.ieh niilar a liii^lc tree. The corporation built a manlioii' houfe, in 1 7 i8. for the lonUm.iyor ; .md among the other modern buililingsarc .1 noltte ad'enibly-honle, d' ligned by the eirl of Hnrlington ; un cUg.int court- houli', on the right of the caftle \ a the.it re-royal, a county holpital, and an afylum fir lunatics. York is 190 m RSK Eilinburg, and 195 N by w Lon- don. Lon. I 7 w, lat. 5) 5') N. Ynrk, a city of Ifppir ('anada, and the fe.it of government of that province. It is iituate on the kw fide of Lake ()nt:ir!o, with an excellent harbour, formed by a long peninfula, which embraces a bafin of water fuificieiUiy large to contain a confiderable flcvt. On the extremity of the peninltila, called Gibraltar Point, are Itorcs and blockhoules, which command the en* trance of the harbour ; and on the mainland, oppofite this point, is the gairifon. The government houfe is about a m above the garrilbn, near the head of the harbour, on a fpot wvll fulted for gardens and a park. The front of the city, as now laid out, is a mile and a half in length : feveral handlome fquares are projected, par- ticularly one open to the harbour ; and the buildings are increafing rapidly. The river Don enters the harbour .1 little above the town, running through a marlh, which, when drained, will afford excellent paftuic York was taken by the Americans in 1813, and while iu their pofl^t nio.i ihey deltroycd all the public edifices. It is 4? m nnw Fort Niagara, and 140 w by s Kingfton. Lun. 79 36 w,lut. 43 35 N. York, a town of Pennfylvania, oapi- tal of a county of the fame name. It has fix edifices for public wnrdiip, and (lands on the Coc'orus creek, which fiows into the Sufquehana, 88 m w Philadelphia. Lon. 76 48 w, lat. 39 55 m. York, a feiport of the diftridt of Mainq, capital of a county of the (ame name. The rivtr of its name enters York h.ir YOR York hArbntir hrlitw ihf t^)wn. It(« 75 m NNK Bul(>>ii Lt»ii. 70 4^ w. |j|. tori, Sfiu, oni* of the nnitid Stntct of AircrUa, 400 in Icmik •(ikI .100 lirmul | b<>unik'«l till the Nw aiul N by Upprr Caniil t, *■ l>y V'ciinoMt, M.iir.ifhiilfri, And C'liiiiciJUrut, n by thf Atl.iiitic occani Ni'w Jriii-y, and IViinlylvaiii.i, and w by the* lti*c uf Ohio. It it di- vided into II countif't i namt-ly, New Yi)rk. Uichmond, Suflulk, W.-lt did- tiT, (^iiicn, KiiiK, ()r.^n^,M•, If liter, Pnctiiiii, ( oliimbi,!, U< nnilacr, W.illi- ingioii, ( linton, S;ir.itog.i| Alli.iiiy, Moiitgomwry, llt-rkcincr, Olniultgo, Otlego, Ontario, and 'i'ioj;.-!. Now York, ill gint-r^l, is intcrfc^li-d by ridgi-a of mount-iiiiH running in a ni :uul hw diri'tJlion. Ui-yond .lit- Alliy.iiiy moiin. taiiiH, howcvir, the country 11 (|iiitc level, of a fiiif rich foil, eovcu-d iii ilj natural (lati; with varioiH kiiuU of tue'i. E'tft of ihrfc niountainii it \n broken into lillh :ind valleys : the hillb an- thickly clothed with timber, and, when cleared, atford fiiK- pallnre ; and the v.illi-ysi produce hemp, flax, peas, ^raf^i, o.itH, maize, and whtat ; and of tiie lalt im- menfe quantities arc exported, i hJH ftate abounds with leveral fine lakes ; and the chief rivers are the IIudl<)n niul Mohawk. In iti 10 it contained 959,2:0 inhabitants. yori, i\fyfhir«( sw by Chelhirc, w by LainMlhir.-, antl Nw by W» Ihnorlaiid. It i'Xieiul'i <;o in from n to s, and 115 from k to w, and contains 3,848,3:0 aeivi. From its;:;ieat extent it li.is been divided Into three ridings, called the North, till, ami VVel^ ; ii lubilivided into i6 wa- pentakes, and 634 parilhes ; has on«i city and f>o rnariiet-towns } nud fends .^o member-i to parliament. The num- ber of inhabitants was 85^,892 in 1801, anil 973,1 13 in 181 1. The air and foil of tills exteniivc county vary extrem'.:ly. The 1: riding is lefa heaitliy than the others ; but this inconvenience de- creafes in proportion as the country recedes from the li:a. On the hilly parts of rhis riding, efpeciallv in what, is called the York Wolds, the Ibil is generally barren, dry, and fandy ; but great numbers of lean flicep arc fold hence, and fcnt into other parts to be fattened. The w riding, which is much the largeft, enjoys a fharp but healthy air, and the land on the wcfttrn fide is hilly, ftony, and not very fruit- ful ; but the intermediate valleys con- fift of much good arable ground, apd palture for the largeft cattle. It aMb produces iron, coal, lime, j«t, aliira, 3 F » % i Y l»K horfcii and goati. Here Iho clutliiittf ntJinuiaAum principally n<>urilli. Thr W ) "linf I in »ternT«l, rxcn-tU the othrr twn in the Ttlubriiy of the nir. The wintt parttt hirvd lc.in iMtilrt b'lt, on .*i«* ll«ir« of th«' hilli, ill thr vollcyii iinit pUint, it pruduct'i* KiHul corn, ami rich Rnfture lor Ur^e cjitic Kichmund- ilrct ill tl><^ Nw pirt t>r tliii riding, waa formerly t county nT it (elf j here iiuny lead mine* arc WDrlicd to \nrrin adv^n- tasc In Yorktiliu' likewife arc the diftri<5li of Il()ldi-rnf(«, on thr hnrH<-rt of the Ilinnbrr ; I lvvc!4nd on the con- fliici of Durham t and Crnven, on the hordrriot Wcdmorland .ind I..inc»lhirc. In thia laft dittri^l nrc three hi^h moun- taina, namrd WhtTiititct Ingleluiroiigh, and r«*nny^ant ) thry form a fort of trianffle from their top!«, .it thr di(\.incra uf About 5, fy. and H m, while their monftrouii ba(ci nearly unite. 'I'hc principal livrrs arr the Oulr, Don, Derwnit, C.ilder, Air«', W.irf, Nidd, Ure, and Hull, and tiny all terminate in the iliiinbcr, which entera Uir 0«'r- man ocian, between Yuikfhirc and Linculnihirr. Vo-tchcou, .1 city of Chin.\, of the firft ranic, in Ilouqnang. It iat'cati-d on the river Ki.ui-kn, and on the lake Tonp;- ting, which Ih more than J o m in air- cuit. Thr great niimbrr «)f barks and mcTchandife that art* broui^ht hithrr, render it one of the richfft cities of thr" rmpirr* ; and the country rounJ it in full of difliicnt kinds of oranec nnd lomon trers. It is 700 in s by v/ Peking. Lon. ti2 .15 R, iat. 29 a.i n. Yoti<(halt, a borough and (eaport of Ireland, in the county of Cork. It is furrounded l>y wallnx. Ail. •town of France, in tlt# drpartntrnt of Tpjirr Virnne, on the rivrr lllr, ao in « by w l.imoK**' ly/Wyl, .inrong lown of tlir Nethtr- land*, in the lllr of CairuKl, fiaicd on (I branch of thr Scheldt, cdlrd thr Ulu-, Mm* flluy«, and 18 nw dKiif VjJtltOT /y/-/, 4rivrritl llollaiul, which branchc* oH from thr Khiii**, Ulow llrulfrn, mh\ flowintc by Doriburx, /utphcn, Di-vnilrr, and C.impcn. vn- trrs the '/nidrr /rr by two chaniuh. V/ftl, or I. it t It Ijfil, a rivrr of Hol- land, which fhiwt by YHMileln, Mont- ford, Onitrw.itrr, and r.diidii, and en* tern the M«'rwi* above Kottcrd.un. >///, or (t/J l/tl, a rivir that rilii in Weltphilii. in the duchy of CUvc, flows by YflVlbnrg into the county of Zntphcn, and inters thr Yllirl,at Du^f- burg. ij/'fll/urjf, a town of Wrftphalii, in thr «liKhy of CIrvi, on the river YlFil. 14 in N W«(tl. )j]ilitio>iili in ill.jnd of S Holl.iiul, fiUi.ite briwrin the Merwc on Ihc », and .iinthrr bran :h of •In* Mculc on ilic It. It ha.H a tov> 11 of the Cinu: name, nearly .^ m w lloiienlam. yjf'etjfin.. a town of 8 Holland, with a ciftlc, on the river YlVel, 5 m »*vv Utr.cht. Yjtn,!, or YJjJed, a Icaport of Swi\Icfi, in t^choiMii. on a bay of the Baltic, if> m sv. Lund. Lon. 13 44 v., Iat. ^^ JJ N. Tt/unr, A river of Scotland, in Aber- dcenniiir, uliich erodes thf comity in a HK d'icdion, and »tnter8 thr Gtrman ocean, at ilic village of Newburg, 15 m NNK Abertlren. Yucatan \ lee Jucntan. Yufn-kinni^t a city of China, of the firit rank, in the province olYun-nan. It (lands on the Ho-ti, 14s m ssvv Yun-nan. Lon, loi 44 i', Iat. 23 37 v. Yuen-tcfteout a city of China, of the Rrd rank, in Kiang fi, 750 m 6 Peking. Lon. 113 58 E, lut. a? 50 s. Tueyiian^y a city of China, of the firft rank, in Hou (|uang. It is fltuate on the river Han, 515 m ssw Peking. Lon. 100 30 E, Iat. 5a 50 N. YverJui, a ftrong town of Swifler- land, in Pays de Vaud, capital of a bailiwic of the f.iine name, with a cai- tic, a college, and an hofpital. Near the town is a riiiphiirous I'prinp, with .1 comnuidious batliing-houfe. The prin- cipal trade is in wine, and mcrchandil'e parting between Germany, Italy, and France. It has fomc remains of uonian aiiiiquities, and ftands on the lake of Keuchatel, at the influx of the Ofbc Y V \ and Tlitcif, |8 m w»w Urrn. I,on. 6 39 k, Ul. 4644M. Wtftt,* town uf France, in the ttr. prirtmtnt of l.uwcr Stint, 7 m nkw )^MM^i or /.flWf l)UnJ, «»n<' «>f thr Hi. h«nt« iU.iiuU, Ml llic \V indii'i, lying at ihi* wr I'xlirmiiy «»f tb • (Jri'jt H.ili.iiit.i iMiik. It in 7 J in IniiK and R Itroul, arut U inhabited. Iliiiilc othrr proiiucr, much l4lt ii exported, chidly fium (irr.kt lUrlititir, on the *. lUli- of the illjiid I.011. 74 41 w, l,ii. aj if Yiin nan, on the |)()rilir» of Til)it. It in ijo m N\w Yuntun. Lon. too 14 K. lat- 27 50 n. Yunr Pit ,\ city of I'iiitia, tif the fiifl runic, III tlic province uf Yiiii-nan, '70 m NW Yim-iiin. I^oii. 100 34 r. Iitt. a6 44 N. Tufij^-/>inif, a city of China, of the ftrit Miilt, ill IV-lchcdi, on a river thtt enter* ihcgulfof Leao-toiig. Near it AaiuU ihc fori Chun-hiii, which is llic key of the province of LcHO-toin*. This fort in near the iie)|;ini)in|j; of tlic great wall, which is built for a Iim^iic to- gether, in a boggy marfli, from ilic bill walk to the lea. Yung-pin^ i» 1 15 m E Peking Lon. 108 )4 k, Kit. .19 $(, n. Yunx-tchang, a city of China, of the firlt rank, in the province of Viin-inn U Qands amid high muuntaiiKi, on the bordvrs of the province, in the neigh- bourhood of a fav;igf people, whole manners the inhabitants of this country partake of. The country produces gold, honey, wax, amber, and a vaft (luaiiiity of fine filk. It ib »io m w Yunn.in. Lon. 99 2 K, lat. 25 5 N. Yung tcheon, a city of China, of the firllrank, in Hou-quang, 885 m .ssw Pe- king. Lon. Ill 15 K, bt. :6 u v. Tun-hing, a city uf China, of the firfl rank, in ihe province of IIo nan, 430 m •s Peking. Lon. 1 1.1 5a k, lat. 33 n. Tun-nan, a province of ( hiii.1, at the sw extremity, 300 m long and 150 broad ; bounded on the n by Tibet and Se>tcheun, r. by Koeitcheou and Qiiang-fl, s by ihe Kingdoms of Ton- qiiin and Lao, and w by thofe of I'cgu and Birmah. Its gold, coppur, and tin minrs} its amber, rubies, fanphires, :>gates, pearls, marble, mulk, ulk, ele- ZA A phant*. hnrfes, gumi, mrdicinil plmts, on.j llnrn, h»ve procufrd it the- hijfheft itpiilaiion |(» cornmerie ml nchu •tv iinmcnle \ and it It deemed dliii oni* or the mull fertile provhcci in the empire Vnn-nrtH, a city of Chim, rapitd of the province of Yun-nm. It wai once cel»'br4tri| for maKniftcrnl buildings, V4(t g.udi'n*, tomlm, triumphal archei, and eU.^.ini f.|iari«» J all of which h4«* been deftroynl by the T4ttjr», in their dilfercnt invafionii and the city at pre* fcnt contain* nothing remirkable. It ftamU at ihc n • xiremiiy «,f a UkC| iifto m »t»w Peking. Lon. loa 30 k, hit. 25 A N. Turtu^, a town of Afi.ulc Turkey, in Ciraminia, (caled on the Kiiil-c-muk, nj m NK Cogiii. 1.011. j4 JO », lit. .VMO ". Tvn/, a town of France, in the tlc« partnuiit of Eure, on the river turc» i<> n\ 1 Kvrcux. Z. 7.mL, n diftrlft of Algiers, in the deferi, behind Mount Atlas, belonging to the province of Conltanti-ia. The people of '/\ab .ire tree, and pay no tribute : they are p,,or and indigent, ,u it m ly be exp.-eted of fhe inhabitants of fo barren a foil. Dite-* are ihcir prin- cipal iirticic ;.f food ; and they hav*! (Xit'iilive plant itions of pilin trcesi. They cirry on I'ome commi ice in Ne« groi .ind oltriclies fi'athtr>. Small Iro )ps of the poorcfl of them every year wander forth to tiie larj^er ciii''» of the kingdom, wher' they get « luploy- (d in various li-ivices; and h.iviiig, in the courfe of twi) or tlirec years, accumulated from fix to ten /.celling, return home, and are reckoned among the wealthy of liie land. In tin- capital, they are known by the tianu' of Bifc.iris, and conltitnte, undor a CMnmoii head, a Uiiidofdiftind eoipor.it'oii: hey have I'vcn a com non triMlory for the pur- pufe of mutu lily itlieviiig tach other. They are the only cl.ifs offne (Irvaiiis, and are fpi|ucntly en, ployed in tl;*: houfp) of the Kiiroprans, being very ufcful to ihem ; as bvTulethe laiifjii.ige of the country, they fpea!; the Lingua Franca. All the inh.ibitants of Ziab arc dog-eaters ; and, in gnieial, nrithcr fcrupulous nor fqucimin) ^itli regard to their food. 'Ihe villages which the Uilcaris inhabit in their native country are fmall, all fimllar to one another, 1 I I Z AC «nvl rom.iilinMe only for .lirtircf% nnd poverty. Tl)c cliicf placi- of the dillritft \i Biicara. Zaara, or the Dfprt, ft vaf> country of Africa, iijoo m in length by 800 in bn-adth ; Loiindcd ou tlit- N by B:«r- bary, R by Fc//:in and Caffina, s by Ncgrolaiid and Fouli, nnd w by ilu^ Atlantic oct'an. Tlie .'.ir is very hot, but vv'iolcfonai; to the tiativf;i. The foil is gontialiy f.jidy and barren ; but thfiP arc vcnhanl v;ill<,7fi in whicli w;i,i*r I'ilhcr fprings or (lHj,fnates, md it. ii brtro and there inttrrpcrL'd with fpotu of afloniHiing fertility, which urt?crov.rt- «'d with iiihabJtanl?. Thcfc fertile tpot"'. in the di'l'ert ;ue cr.lltcl oafcs, or iflands, benring (orniMciLMnblaucc to illandsin thi^ icA J and thty abound molt in the northern and cattern parts: but the fmallcr ones arc not alwp.ys pcrmanrnt j for a furious wind from the defert, bringing along uitli it an immcnfc '.[uan- tities of fand, fonietimeii ovcrwhchns an oahs, and reduces it to barrtnnel's. Tlufe oales are formed into a number of ftates, governed by petty princes ; and tlioie of wliich Ibmc intelligence huS been obtained, are noticed in this work in their proper places. The in- habitants, confiding of various tribes, are wild and ignorant ; and the Moha- medan religion is profefled throughout the country, uniefs where they ap- proach the country of the Negros. They maintain toward each other the maxims of apparent hofpitality, but a Chriftian is every where odious. Their language is chiefly a dialed of the Arabic; and their only intercourfe with other nations is carried on by the cara- vans which periodically traverfe thefe immenfe deferts. The Zaara abounds in antelopes, wild boars, leopards, apes, oftriches, and ferpents. There are few horfts and beeves ; but many Iheep, goats, and camels. Much fait is pro- duced in the defert, which the Arabs carry into Negroland, and bring back provifionsjblue cotton cloth, and flaves. Zabin;iieZembia- Zabotay a town of Tranfylvania, on the confines of .Moldavia, 5 m sw Neii- mark. Zacaiecas, a province of New Spain, in the audience of Guadalaxara; bound- td on the n by New Rifcay, f. by Pa- nuco and Mechuacan, and sw and w by Guadalaxara. It is a mountainous and arid country, bu* abounds with large villages, and its mines are deemed am ing the richelt in America. Zacntecas, a city of New Spain, ca- pital of the province of the fame namci Z A M and a bidinp'j fee. The population i< upward of j.noo- It i« Airroundtd hy lifh lilvr riMncs, and 160 m nne Ciia- da'axara. Lon. 101 15 w, lat. 2a 56 n. Zacntula, a f apoit of New Spain, in the province of Mixico, on a river of the (arr.e nanc, B«'ar the I'acific ocean, 7..VJ in vvsw Mcxic'.y. I.on. loi 45 w, hit. It', o N. 7.(trli(i>ii a t(wn of Further Pomc- ranin, n m li New Stargard. ZaJonetx, a town of Ruflla, in the poveriimcnt of Vc^onet'/, with a fort ; fcated oil .1 hill, on the left bank of the Divn, 50 m .V Voroiif t/. Znfra. a town of Spain, in Ellrema- dm.i, with a cattle ; feate;'. at the foot of a mc^untain, neur the river Qua- daxicra, 20 m sw Medina. Za^cra, a mount. lin of b-uropcari Turkey, in Livadia, one of the tops of mount ParnalTus. It was the ancient Helicon, from which itrued'the foun- tain Hippocrene, and was facrtd to the Mufcs, who had here a temple. Zctfrfiaray a town of Negroland, in Boriiou, on the river Fittrce, 170 m se Bornou. Zaqon'a ; fee Develte. y.agrab ; fee 'Agram, 'Laftara, a town of Spain, in Anda- lufla, with a citadel; feated on a craggy rock, 42 m SE Seville. Zahua, a town of the duchy of Sax- ony, 6 m NE Wittenberg. Zaina, a town of Algiers, in the pro- vince of Conftantina, fuppofed, from fome confiderable ruins, to have been the ancient city of Zama- It is a8 m se Seteef, and 46 sw Conftantina. Zaine, a river of Barbary, which fe- parates the kingdoms of Algiers aid Tunis, and enters tlve Mediterranean at the illand of Tabarca. Zaire, a river of Congo, which rifes in the kingdom of Matamba, flows n to the extremfc borders of Congo, whert it turns to the w, then ftparates the kingdoms of Loango and Congo Pro- per, and enters the Atlantic ocean be- low Sogno. Zaldmea, a town of Spain, in AndaUi- fia, 13 m N Niobla,and f,8 wnw Seville. Za/amea, a town of Spain, in Ellre- madura, anciently called Ilapa. It has many veftiges of its former fplendcur, and 18 38 m SB Mcrida. Zamora, a city of Spain, in Leon, and a biihop's fee. In the environs fine turcois ftones are found. It is feated on a hill, by the river Doiiro, over which is a bridge, 32 m n by w Salamanca, and 146 nw Madrlik Lon, 5 56 w, lat. 41 50 N. ' ;? A N Tamora, a town of the kingdom of Qnito. In tho ncighboiirhood arc rich »nmes of gold. It is fcatcd iicnr the Andes, 2 JO in s Quito. \.nn, 78 :o \v, Lat. 46 s. Zamora, a town of New Sp;iin, in Mtchoacan, 60 m K»v Mcchoacan. Znn/nra, A town of Algiers, in the province of Conftantina, 250 m w Ha- niamct. T,on. 6 15 b, lat. 36 aa n. Znmn/ii, a town of I'oiand, in the palatinate of Belt/., with a citadel, a cathedral, and leveral other churches. It is 37 m ssw Chelm, and 44 wnw Beltz.' Zampa/jot a town of New Spain, in the province of Mexico, foited on a fmalllakc, 30 m M Mexico. Zntifara, a kingdom of Negroland, to the .^"^of Zegze^, between C'aflina and Bornou. The inhabitants arc tall in ftaturc, of a very black complexion, with broad faces, and favage difpofi- tiona. The capital, of the (itme name, fcands on a river that forms a lake n of Ghana, .ind then flows through that city into the Niger. It is 230 m nb Ghana, and 450 wsw Bornou. Lon. 16 o F. lat. 18 30 X. ZstKifuebar, a country on the c coaft of Africa, between 3 n and 9 s lat. It includes feveral petty kingdoms, in which the Portuguefe have fettlements. The inhabitants are all blacks, with curled woolly hair ; and, except thofe converted by the Portuguefe, are either Mohamcdans or pagans, the latter much the more numerous. The principal ter- ritories are Jubo, Melinda, Mombaza, and Quiola. The Portuguefe trade for flaves, ivory, gold, oftriches feathers, wax, and drugs. The inland coun'ry is reprefented as lying low, aad inter- fered wi':h woods, forefts, marlhes, lakes, and rivers, the latter, for the raoft part, covered with weeds and thickets; all which fo infedt the air, that the piodudts of the earth are cor- rupted, and the inhabitants fickly and indolent. But here are rich mines of gold, eafily got ; by the help of which grain, roots, fruits, &c. are purchaled from other parts. Zante, an ifland in the Mediterranean, near the coaft of Morea, 17 m s of the iHand of Cephalonia. It is 14 m long and % broad, and forms part of the re- public of Seven Iflands. The principal riches confift in currants, which rival thofe of Corinth ; and i' has fpritigs of petrolium that have been celebrated for ages. Here are alfo the fineft peaches in the world, with other choice fruits, apd excellent wine and oil. The na- Z AT tivps fpoak both (Jrcek and Italian, though there are very few Koman ca- tholics among them ; hut they have a billiop as well a'' the (Ireeks. Hire arc alioiii 50 vill.tces, but no other town than Zante, which m fortified, and has a good harbour on the e iide of the ifland. Lon. 20 ^0 E, lat. 37 43 n. Zanzibar, an illandin th<' Indian fca, on the coaft of 7 Kuebar. between the iflands of Pemli aid Monfia, tributary to Portugal. It abounds w fugir-canes and citrons. The inhabitants are Mo- hamcdans. Lon. 41 o K, lat. 608. Zaruy a feaport of Dalmatia, capital of a county of the fimc name, and an archbifhop's fee, with a citadel. The harbour, which lies to the n, is capa- cious, fife, and well guarded ; and the citadel is divided from the town by .1 deep ditch, hewn out of a rock. Near the church are two fluted columns of the Corinthian ordei, fuppofed to hav« been part of the temple of Juno. Zara is feated on a fnall pcninfulo, in the gulf of Venice, 70 m nw Spalatro.. and I ^o SE Venice. Lon. 16 6 t, lat. 44 30 N. Zatianj^t or IhoJImk, a city of Peifia, capital of Segiftan. The modern city, called Doolhak, is fmall ana compaft, but the ruins cover a vaft extent of ground. It itands in an open country, about 8 m from the river Hcrmund, which flows into the lake Zerch. The vicinity affords good pafturage, and wheat and barley in fuflicient quantities to be lent to Herat. It is 140 m 3 by e Herat, and 500 k Ifpahan. Lon. 61 20 E, lat. 32 15 N. Zar'iky a town of European Turkey, in Morea, ji m e Mifilra. Zarko, a town of European Turkey, in Thelfaly, feated in a f'nc plain, 22 m wsw Larilla. Zarnata, a town of luiropean Turkey, in Morea, feated on an eminence, 20 m wswMifitra. Zarnaw, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Sandomir, 3; m n Sau- domir. Zarnowitz, a town of Pruflia, in Po- merelia, on a bay of the Baltic, 38 m Nivvv Dantzic. Zajlniv, a town of Poland, in Vol- hinia, feated on the Horln, 30 m nnw Conftaiitinow. Zatmur, a ftrong town of Hungary, capital of a coun'y of the fame name. It is feated on a fmall like formed by the river Samoa, 50 m t by s Tockay, and 130 E Buda. Lon. zz 34 t, lat. 47 50 N". Zator, a town o* Pu^and, in the I i 'i Z K A palalinAte of Cracow, with a caftic j lirtlcd on an eminence, nt-ar the river Viftiila, lo m sw Cracow, and 50 bK Ratibnr. Zuwe/t, a town of Perfia, in the pro- vince of KhoraCan, fiUjate on tin* Ti-'d- jcn, 20 m from the Calpian fca, and 8« N Mefclictl. Zawi/a ; li.c Zuecla. Zharait a town nf Poland, in the palatinate of P>do!ia, :8 m u Zborow, and 6!^ n l)y vv K.iniinircU. Zh'jroiV', A town of Poland, in the palatinati- of l.i rnbiirg- litre, in 1649, John Ciliniir, kiii}: of Poland, with 20,000 men, vvai aftacl«(d by 110, coo CoUacli;! and Taitais, for thret- days futceflivcly, but itettndcd himfelf 1() bravely, ihit the huttr CDPlentcd to terms of accommodation. Zborow is 5; m K by s Lemburg. Lon. 15 46 e, lat. 49 46 N. Zca, or Ziia\ feeZ/Vi. Z:'ohi>id, or Zeelahd, an ifland of Denmark, of a trianj,"ilar form, 230 m in circuit. It is the larjitll of the ifle8 of the Baltic f< a, and lies at its entrance, having the CaU>Mt on the n, the Soimd on the E. .ind the Great Reli on tho w. The codl is mncli inierf(ee of vendezvoiis in his Othe fifl.-s. offitt); and the root of 1 fcorch over it a ftick till th fide their doj; biids. Tticn in roafting ai performed ii Otaheite. T with the m; feeding cotr* of their perf pars, in lat. leagues, to I acknowledgt ratii, and nn chiefs, to wl but whether or delegated the coaft is tillage, wea\ peace, bcin praftifed. rated, the ] and the clol any where are fcattere families, 01 in a ftate < fiich contir banquet th tory, amoi mild and reafon can (irft origir perpetuate by revenge little roorr are cannl between 1 and i8o e Zdb'uU '' vinceof \ fiderable, and the ji py the \\2 feated on at Otalicito ' n ol)long jjar- Id the fame a» tatooing i'licir drefs cniiiitts Tvas formerly the rcfidonce of tin; dukes of Zell ; and was repaired by George m of England, for the refi- dencf of his unfortunate fiftcr, the queen of Denmarlr, who died here in 1775. Zcll is feated on the Aller, at the influx of the Fufe, 28 m ene Ha- nover, and 40 ss'v Luneburg. Lon. 10 14 E, lat.sa4a n. Zell, a town of Suabia, lately im- Eerial, feated in the vale of Hamaierf- ach, on the river Kintzig, 18 m sk Stralburg. Zell^ a town of France, in the depart- ment of Rhine and Mofelle, lately of Germany, in the eIeour, on the ■ .?7 48 N. 'e(ia, in the 'ith fcvera! ^ure of ex- » the Biela, wn of Ger- "ith a fine e of He/Te- 'he fuburb bme place, town. In -nch ; and f'fi'^gt'd by > thirds of snnonade. 'ed by the el. I" Saxony, I ic m s md caftfc le iriark. Z W )8 m w$w nraiidcnlnirg, and x% ent, Ma^drburg. ZieJenzijf, a town of DMnd'-nljiirg, in the Nrw mark, hi loi'jiinj,' to the kiii>;lita uf iVJalta. It has itnimfadurrH of cloth, and in jo m khk Ciilli*>n. 7.icrfnhfrg, a town tjf OcMm;itiy, in Lowrr llcH'e, lituaH' on a hill, l»y thi; riviT VVariif, « n» w nw Cillll. ^it^et, a town of Himpaiy, on the river Ttini:, near its foir.ti-, 4Z m r. by N Nagybaiija. Zli^et/i, a (IronK town of Hiin>j,u-y, which has been (cvfial tiincfl bcficyul and t.'ikin by the Turks and Aiiiirians. It (lands on thfAlm;i, by which it i,i lurroutidcd, 4H m su Canifcha. Lon. i8 16 t, lat. 46 8 N< Ziriozei, a ftrong town of Holland, in Zf.'nland, and capital oF thi,- ilk of Sclioweii. It was the ancit.tit refidcncc ot th(! counts of Zealand, and tlu-n a place of much more conhqntiice, the fiort having been lince fillt'd with land, t i^ 12 m N£ Middkburg, and iH sw ■Bricl. Lon. 4 lo k, lat. 51 .^6 n. Zittau, a fortified town of Lulatia, which has four large and fix fmall gates. It has an >:xten(ivc tnde in linen, white dannalkfl, woollen cloth, and blue paper. The cathedral has three organs ; and near it is a college, when- the languages, dravving, and other arts, are taught gratis. Joining to the cloilteru is a library, the fined in all Lufatia ; and at a finall didance from it is an orphan- houfl*. Zittau being occupied by the Pruflians, in 17,57, was taken by the AHflrians, who almoft entirely deftroyed it by the bombs and cannonade. It is leatcd on the NeifTe, 17 m sw Gorlitz, and 25 sEDrcfden. Lon. 15 i k, lat. 50 54 N. Ztiaimt a ftrongtown of Moravia, ca- pital of a circle of the lame name, with a caflle, in which are a great many pagan antiquities. The vicinity yields excellent wine. It is feated on the Teya, 35 m sw Brinn, and 4a nnw Vienna. Lon. 16 o e, lat. 48 4S n. y.oara, a fortified town of iiarbary, in the country of Tripoli, with a good harbour, on the Mediterranean, 60 ra w Tripoli. Lon. 11 53 e, lat. 32 45 n. Zotittz, a town of Upper Saxony, in Mifnia. The inhabitants fubfift princi- pally by working ferpent-llone, found in the neighbourhood, into pitchers, bowls, tea and coffee cups, &c. The red fpecics of this flone, which is con- lidered as tbe fineft, belongs folely to the fovereign. It is 17 ra s Frcyberg. Zcbten, a town of Silefia, in the prin- Z U G cipallty of Schweidnitz, 9 m enc Schweidnilz. y^ojinjfent a town of Swiflctland, in the canton of tiern, with an tlcgitit church, and a public library, contain- iU}.', (Ivcral curious maMulcripts. Ne.ij it is a forefl. which containn the lull pine-trees in all SwilH-rland. It in liated on the Wigger, u) m nsw Luocrn. '/olnnck, a town of Ilnng.iry, capital of a county of the lame nanie. It it* ftaied on the Teyllc, at the inllux of tin: S.igclia, 62 in nk C^olocza, and 62 K Kuda. Lon. 20 50 E,l.it. 47 10 n. 'lombor, a town of Hungary, near the river Mofzlonga, 50 m nw Ncu* fatz. '^ons, a town of France, in the de« p.utmciit of Roer, lately of Germany, :n the archbilhopric of Cologne, with a calllc ; fe.ited on the Rhine, 13 m nnw Cologne. '/^orbigt a town of Upper Saxony, in the circle of Leipzic, with a citadel, 24 m NNw Leipzic. Zsrniiorf, a village in Brandenburg, one mile n Cuflrin. Here, in 1 758, the king of PrufTia, after a dreadful coa- &ii\, totally defeated the Ruffians. y^qZ/ht, a town and caftle of Branden- burg, in the Middle mark, fituate on the Notte, 19 m s Berlin. Zouf; fee Oaur- Zowan, a town of the kingdom of Tunis, famous for the dying of fcarlet caps and the bleaching of linen, 36 m s Tunis. Zitckmarttel, a town of Silefia, in the principality of NeifTe, and a bifliop's fee. It has mines of gold, filver, copper, and iron, and is 15 m s NeifTe. Zueela, a town of the kingdom of Fczzan, fituate in a diftritt of remarka- ble fertility. The remnants of ancient buildings, the number and fize of the ciftcrns, and the conftruiflion of the vaulted caves, intended perhaps as re- pofitories for corn, exhibit wonderful yelligcs of its andent Iplendour. It is 60 m ENE Mour/ook. Lon. 16 34 E, lat. 27 59 N. Zt/enigoroJ, a town of RufTia, in the government of Mofcow, fituate on the Mofkva, 2i{ m w Mofcow. Zug, a fmall canton of SwifTerland, bounded on the e and n by Zurich, w by Lucern, and s ' y Schwtitz. It is rich in palturage ; lias plenty of •. n^ous kinds of flone fruii, as well a;; w.hiuts and chtitnutsj and its winf i.; of a very acid flavour. The inhal uants are Ro- man oatbolics. » i z u u 7njft a town of Swiffl-rlmd, capital of n canton of the fame nnmc. Hrrc arc ffvtrral handlbme tliiirchrH, and a fjood- townhnnff. It in fcatrd on a lakr of its n;imc, u m Nw Scliwcitz. l.on. 8 34 r., lat. 47 ^ N. y^uider /^ee, a great h ly of thr Oer- m:. ,1 oc< an, wliich extends from n to s in Holland, b«'twr«'ii the provincM of I'ricfl.UKl, Ov«;ryfl«-l,Gcldcriiind, and N Holland. 7.uUvtft or Suhw, a town of Silefia, in a lordOiip of the lame name, 5 m sw MilitCch. ZuUb, a town of Franco, in the de- partment of Uocr, lately of G'rmany, in the duchy of Jiilicrf: ; featcd on the Naflel, 1 1 m » Jnlitrfl. '/lulUrhaut a town of Brandi nburR;, in the New mark. The ciftlc Aands ivitliout the walJH of the town, and has a rampatt and ditches. The fulnirbs contain more hoiilcR than the town it (elf, and among them is a largu orphan- houfct to which in annexed a (cliool, an academy, &c. Here 'ixe good cloth manufadtnres, and the vicinity pr duces much corn and wiae. In 1759, a brittle was fought ncJiT this town betwecii the IVuHians and RutTians, in which the former were defeated. It is fituate in a plain, near the Oder, 34 m k by n Croflen. Lon. 15 52 k, lat. 51 9 n. Zulphoy or Julfa., n town of Perfia, almoft clofe to ifpahan, to which it is a fort of fuburb, and fcparated from it by the river Sandtron. It was pcopUd by a colony of Armenians, brought hither by Shah Abbab, and contains fcveral churches and monafterics. Zulx, a town of Sikfia, in the prin- cipality of Oppcln, 14 m E by s Nciffb, and tb sbw Oppeln. Zulz, a town of SwifTerland, in the canton of Grifons, on the river Inn, a6 m ?r Coire. Zun:ampny a town of Tucuman, on the river Dolce, no m sse St. Jago del Eftero. Ztimaya, a town of Spain, in Bifcay, near the coaft, 15 m w by s St. Se- baflinn. ZumpangOi a town of New Spain, in the province of Mexico, 100 m k by e Acapulco, and 105 s Mexico. Zurich, a canton of Swiflerland, so *r. long and 30 broad; bounded on the NbySchafFhaufen,EbyThurgawandthe county of Tockenburg, s by Glaris, Schweitz, and Zup, and w by Lucem and the county of Baden. Zurich was admitted a member of the Helvetic confederacy in 1351} and obtained the ZUR privilege of being the firft canton bi rank ; it Is alfo the mol confiderable in extent, both of territory and power next to that of Bern. It almunlj in' wine and excellent pallnre ; but as there is not a lufllcicnt fupply of corn, for Interior confumption, the deticiency is chiefly Aipplied from Suabia. The in^ habitants are all Calviniftg. Zuric/i, a city of Swiflerland, capital of a canton of the fame name. It ftandi at the N end of the lake Zurich, where the river Linimat iffiies from the l.ikc and divides the town into two unequal parti", which communicate by three bridges. It was formerly an imperial city, and is one of the heft built in tl,ij country, but the ftreets arc n«rrow. The cathedral was found«d by (.'harlc magne, and is adorned with a Hattic of that emperor. The two divifions of Zurich are called the old town and the fubnrbs; the former is furrounded by the (ame battlements and towers that exifted in the 13th century; the latter is ilrengthened by fortifications in the modern Ityle. The arfenal is \;tll Aip. plied with cannon, ammunition, and mufqucts. Among the charitable foiin- daii.ins are an orphan honle; an hof- pital for the fick of all n..*ioii8, which ufually contains above 600 patients; and the Almol'en Amt, 01 foundation for the poor, which puts out children as apprentices, and diftributes money, clothes, and books of devotion, to poor peri'ons, not of the town only, but of the canton, to the amount of upward of 5000I. a year. Here are fcveral ma- nufadlures; particularly muflins, cot* tons, linens, and filk hamlkerchicfs. Zurich was taken by the French in 1798, and retaken by the AuftiianB the year following; but the lafer were foon obliged to evacuate it, on the French gaining a decifive victory over the Aultru-RufTian army near this city- K is 35 m sw Conftance, and 55 ne Bern. Lon. 8 55 E, lat. 74 ja n. Zurich, a lake of SwifTerland, 24 m long and 4 broad. The borders are itudded with villages and towns, and the 8 part -ppcars botinded by the ftu- pendous high mountains of Schweitz and Claris. Tie river t^immat runs through its whole length to the city of Zurich. Zurita, a town of Spain, in New Caltile, with a caflle, Icated on the Tajo, 38 I.. E Madrid. Zarzy a town of SwiiTer.and, in the ca:iton of Grifons, feated on the Inn^ %oia. KNW Bormio. 7,urzach* a the county o Hhine.iuU ab' ,^ m »• Baden. Zurxonza, the province < an iiland In a acaii- Zutiheu, a in Gilderland county t)f '** i67i.oytl"'«F fortifications in 1674. TN fince rcpairei flux of the B 8 by E Peven dam. Lon. Zuyft, a vii Utrecht. It Ihady wa'ks fpacious buil dorf appropi Hernhuthers employed in ture, and tl that of an' Zuyft i» m" mer months no country 1 y.wenkau, SaJcony, in > 6 m s Leipz Zivftl, a ^ flux of the i Yw«w Krcmi Zwickaut •anton bi nfldcrabic in ■■"'I power, Mhourrf, in I5"ta» there V ,^?f". for Jt'iictrncy ij '■ 1"hc in. and. capital ,■'. 'trtandi [rich, where the like, o, ""equal by three in imperial '"i't in tliij y^ n«rrow. by ("harlc. •I fl.itiic of 'vifions of •^'•i .ind (he ""ruled by >\vtr8 that the JaitiT 018 In the '; v/iJI /"iip- 'tion, and '•'•blf foiiti. '! .in hof. >"8, which Puticntu; oimdation children as s money, "• to poor ly. but of f upward ■v*ral ma. li'18, cot. kt'rchicfs. Tench in fans the vero foon c French )ver the city, li ^JE Bern. d> 24 m Jers are ns, and the ftu- chweitz at runs city of 1 New eTajo. in the e Innj ZVVI 7.urzach% a town of SwiflTerlnnd, in thi! county of lladm, Inttd on the Khinr, jiilt above the influx of the Aar, '^ m N Baden. Zurxonza, a town of Ni-w Sp.iln, in the province of Mcchoacan, (itunte oti an iiland in a lake, 25 m wsw Mceho- acaii- Zutiheu, a ftron^ town of Hidland, in Gi-tdcrland, capital of the (juarler or county of it» name, it was taki-n, in 16721 oy the French, who deHroyid the furtificatioPH and abandoned the place in 1674. The fortiticatioiiH liave been fince repaired. It h feated at the con- flux of the Berktl with tlie Yflcl, 9 m 8 by E Peventtr, and 55 k by s Amllcr- danfi. Lon. 6 13 k. lat. 52 10 n. Zuyjl, a villape or Holland, 5 m froni Utrecht. It abounds in plantations and fliady walks, and in ornanu-nted by the I'paciout buildings which count Zin/.i'ii- dorf appropriated to the fraternity of Hernhuthers or Moravians, who arc ennpioyed in various kinds of manufac- ture, and their workmanOiip exceeds that of any o'.her part of Holland. Zuyft is much frcquentid in the fiim- mer months, by merchants who have no country feats of thtir own. 7 If, a town of Germany, is the principiiity of ilelle-D itinltidi, 10 in >< Dirnid.idi, and 22 n Il'idclbcrg. ZiviC'iii, a town of Moravia, in the circle ot Olmiit/, 40 in wnw ()!mut/. /■luoll, a fortified town of Holland, in OvetyH'ci, with three haiidlome iuburb;,. On thi; adjacent mountains of St Aj;nes w.isi fornKily an Anijullini! convent, in which Thornas Kempis liv. d 71 years, and died in 14-1. A canal bcijins near thi* place, and ex. teiuls to the river Yflil, which is de- fciuleil by I'cveral fort' . Zwoll is the niofl: opuUiiit town in the province, and (lands on an eminence, by the river Aa, 14 in N Dtventer, and ji sw Coevor- den- Lon. 6 3 k, lat. 5a 31 n. y.woui^rady a town of Dalmatia, 36 m H Uihacs, and 60 sk Sejjna. y.wonitz, a town of Upper Saxony, in Milriia, 14 m t^s'v Chemnitz. Ziuornicli, a town of European Tur- key, in Uoihia, 60 m v. 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Calculation An Abftna All cliflicnlt tUft;iibinK eking or cl«;- ioriH of Dif- vlng Pcrlona nmcnded by omul in any nd rcndtred en examined So that this dice at S<-a- uU carefully THE BPJTISB i:;j .LANDS tit i t I .•W«««i • ^ a (' II A f* * '' /-(♦,lk»...U» l.»*.r.* \ ^ ^: . ' tt-.*^ ;*]/'"*«, "/itoJ! —■ri lA >'•*»(* I? ,^art//' Ufrtiliiifi of I.iniilni) Urriil.200 Milr» f ..I' l..u> Maria 400 Milo. f. «l\mB | ; J ll 'I II! ■^flM-uibfl, O'' ©" (Jf^«l»»(fy| u.^, . ■-- ^'i*" Kv* gy«i mil iD.'i l»i> is'i i?<> ii>f. 'JO 7'. )i».„«.< .Kiti"""' ^jr p-u.t of NOHTIl AMKIUCA. illniNraliu^ ihr work oi' ■br M.p.cv. iri>i iHiHi - f^r-^^— ' — .^ ■^ * 4- ''''"#jfe;'-'^ <" KAN -" 1«0 1^5 i$0 135 WO Jfftp/ 10s lungitudc »0 JFALKLAMO 1^' 7 sro-n^KDV ■■■p/ I ;^ N-> STKIA'^S^'. H Kj:. UO Wj \ \ lit) ti;& A' . — J ^^-^ ./i^i:^ ^-> / ,0/ C H"I N E S JSo^.y-B M iV '1 K K B M iV'l K Jfi ,40 A» uiHiyPl i..< A^ "^7t7 V- J . . I- w i;"^^ .^.. ^ ^-W.^ ^•0 j I ^-f i ^ . J>_y.4vj»^* '»_!^' -^\^S^:^T^ t ' .WN^.'-. ^^j:^ I fTHILtNA I rr. r<>^>ii' «if lufirmirn ' ANT c 'Wio,; >^ ■11/ T V, — . /«'«,.•,/ : t) (' K A N xo! .If , 10 W A V S T ii A L I A ^^ ^■'wAl«L.r,u, J 1 20 VW»t«'ij) S.iiilli °'"*''*'^ iijW..'. -') JforlMI ^tsftifi i i \lfnnhtv - lO A )£ O E A N iJtwt.m .'I p^ Viistiiiiui -AwjumIi^ crahom 4tMriMMitiiWHleH ». -- ^OWN N 15 MAP OF TllE VVOUI.D. illiiMtrating the wru'k ol' the SJ'. (1. in the pivsieut reiilrav . Tht prestrU Cnhnial />iea\tt.r cue shewn Inus CAPE TO.WN V '^"i^.-'' llttJ.Li / "VONtV- i-Ss-lllK-V V'.HJ J>Jf-Mll-(l 1.. AUCKLtNOi "Wf^lAPU 30 t «P 7A ifa.re 00 Lorufitude 105 ItO TA3M 135 .^^^ '^'fyirl.'ii 150 CHR|8TCH4((£H If..') )80 (» ^:,:a. t .'iti t ^ /« f-- (v/ A.,jk' <; H K K ly I. A X II . r , * Jlll^-Hrf/i ,f\u 'Bs ,„^.„..-" ll•"'***"K<(•l/«l^''*^"•"Jl^|•'"' "* "J.|j«l»i ypf''\ '■' '• t' T 1 1' rt/an.t/rt. ..I.VttL i>R.V.W.I r-v /UKt-tVl' 1 y^Vff<«'(f»l' .«'«,•/,»,„] r X -i . .l'/it/r/t . lio s o r •* h„u.l 6jo 3'o JMeriilinu ([) ot" I.oiulou. o >i, It u mCi .T I I.' 'l 1 1 I7<| I ■'•I li'iitl rra r r-i. ip-^- I fit ' ("U ) /•' I -W I. A N l> .> I ilo f-Jl ;/>/W,/.„C'>---y iF JV' «^'' '.. Vfiwi I A' |XiWi A>^ rAr, •n,ett,t„.i r.>. t 0>»i''i«iAiiift».-,-vj it .1 A P^ ? ILilAttitttiii ''fy'lriiXiii r A! A'./.iiN;;: iHKt ,■<*'•".< (;••.« V'il flJLSK Of.\ma .)K.i /owj/VrtH you^.^ "ifiitnir :3^.3^ irftllliilirlA II pi^'TIHMtf ^T.-/^^ /r r^om r-*'«nt^ r/ Ail/- ^ rMAVKS vSCT''"'" ^ £«in/i . rrMT^BAru oAftwV u 3 hC lit m sr^^^AjL J* O XT T ( J1)i.iml.r \ «■ .IV ^ ^ 'M!nL»n ' fit'iint/aJ I .«:'/ifcV,w.i! ! <'Fi««. nnttaa I i— . -v .j^, r^ Ol'JV itf - 7i;.«,/ivi7a:/M ^ vi .V 7* / f' VJ*:?i'je* _ Z.Biijt'i»fii_ iy'tiJiuU^L ' jj?* XiUitii/Hiiy/ 1 I Trii-tniH i/ Aetiiiha CVrh.i' 'TTnXihr. talJi ViihtinflHlfi 'Vi'fOP.Uvi'iftl ,• ji'' '**Vy Oi'iit/h'fT. IT**" l.'T E O r H E Jt A' ('in ri.M 9 ». **• a.. I p • H-i?- bnunnniunnr /ffiju'-fit'ii-inf '-^y 'V. 4A riit -M»-ri»linu f> of liOjulou. 3^ ^ Li'ntfi I !!'i>wijt----i!ny JE3 j70 /'/// Ltnuhm . 1B« ^ jr»Ma TO V ACCIDENTAL DEATH Tfiumts in Britain 1 INSUBANCE COMPANY, itnadtd 1810, wad Empowered by SpeciU AeU of FtrUUMa^ H»v« paid 6,97S CLAIMS, amounting to £129,869, .A.0 ooAiPsvrsifkmoztf. The Yearly Xacome from Fremiuma alone, Id laxt year, 1859, waa £41,754. NO CHARGE FOR STAMP DUTY. Premium to Insure /:i,000 on Death, «nd £6 a- Week whilst wholly disabled, £2; ' to Riders and Drivers, £3. NO EXTRA CHARGE TO RIFLEIVIEN. For Forms of Proposal, and all other Information, apply to the Local Ageuts ; or to 7| Book Bnildiags, Lothbary, 18th July, 1860. EDWARD SOLLY, Manager. IN NEAT PORTABLE VOLUME!, M.ACK-: eVIDI 80«U AKO TMVIUINB MAPS lUuatrated wltb Mapi, Charti, and Vlewi of Scenery, and coatatnlnf loll partlculari regarding Hoteli, DUtancei, ftc. t(o. 9. A. Bo Blond '. 10 fl Cnallsh LMke DUtrlot 5 Wales, Nottb «ad South S North «'»!•■. aepRratoly 3 6 Derby and Warwick, each ... 8 Hampshlro II«le of WlBhtl . a Ulouoeater and Hoioford a y orkahlro a 6 Currey S Kent a Su SOX 1 aootland I HUhlands (Anrteraon'a) It Troaaoha 1 Bkye 1 Stoll'a and ]ona 1 t uthorlandahlra 1 Bdlnburvh 3s. 6d. nnd 1 Olasffow L's, 6d. and 1 Ireland 6 Dublin, KUlarnoy. ea oh 1 BeUast 1 BLACK'S ROAD and RAILWAY TRAVELLING . MAPF,, CarefiUly coBxtructed from tee Maps of the Ordnance Furvey, and oth Kent and SusBLX 1 i Smaller Maps at Bs. 6d. and is. each. 1 9-Lc. 3 liictnlly j'ullislittl, a Xcu ^Jiliuii (the lillij, I'lice ^a. »(/., of i BLACK'S PICTURESQUE TOURIST OF SCOTLAND, WlUi upwards of One Hundred Illustrations, consintlng of Maps, Charts, Flans of Towns, and Views of Scenery. Juil I'Miihtit, in a mat Volume, ;iri« 5»., BLACK'S GUIDE TO SURREY, with Map and numerous Illustrations. .Vi.H ) u/.'y, 't Si:('iiiit KJihon, fi ite 'Ja. ft'.. "/ 'WHERE SHALL WE GOP" A C^t HJE tj tliu llliALTHIKST nn.l MOST HKArriFfL VVATEUl.NG I'LACES Ul th iiurnsa i.si and.s. Illustrated with Maps and Engravlugs on Wood. r.llINlirUdll ; a. iC. IIL.VCK. LONDON : LOXO .'.UVii' ^ CO.; aJlli'U i bOX. SiTKAND ; iiu.l uU 1) i.ili^.llrrj. |12.2-(,l-li..J. (M.ACX': 8UIDI BOCII ^ TRAVEUINO M/Vi and eontftlnlnf loll fto., ftc. ~- ; 11 teraon's) i« i .'.'.'.Z'.Z'.'.'.'.l'.Z 1 1 i 1 1 '• 1 1 3i. ed. nnd 1 < Sa.6(l. and i v S or. eaoh 1 g -_-- 1 S lAVELLING ) Purvey, and oth«r iStjB. 324 «1 each 1 ( KJ., or SCOTLAND, of Maps, Cb arts, JRREY, GOP" [.NO I'LAClij in th ood. aU Di.ili^iOI.M. ii2-au-ii.-j. -Ab \ OF ALL KINDS, AMD rROM AMY 0AU8I "^'i nunuKU Aoutm n im aamhai. ri^yitain or 41 to hi lAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY, ^ff^>Mi ^lurM jCl.OOO at luth lij Aoolilcnl, or U wonUjr fur Iii]iirT. KO kniA PREMniM FOR VOLUNTEERS. Omk Fi \jl lii «Ter» TWBLVK iiiiuroj It Injarixl ruwlj by ACO'IOB.V f.l OOM^ENSATION. Bot furtlior luformallon, «ni,|> to h. .. , , . ...«., i,. .r . .■ . rruvliiti Agciitii, till) nuilHuy Htitlou oral tlia Ui;«10illo«,^4, coruhilJ, iUi 3, Old Druivl Htroot) ; wUero aUil RAILWAY ACCIDENTS' iL»y bi; ijuuf ixl m(jli«t by tU» Jounii), „, , ,. , , . . .u .. ., ... or for f«rl ),l(i uf nw, at the lUllway titlaoi] ">itofur« ANNUAL INCOME, £40,000. CAPITAL, ONE IV.lLLION. WILLIAM J. ViAN. Secretary. * CHUiNiririL, E.g. Jauuitry, U«l, HORLEY'S FEEDING MEAL, FOR HORSES AND CATTLE. svusTiTUTE ron i.iNstci. n takk, oats, HCANS, Ac, £16 Per Ton, Bat rels iucluded. FREE DELlVKlltU TO IJAIX, lillJI.' ilV MV OWN WAQUONS. TESTIMONIALS. T>t,u- Slr,-I wi«li li) try your Fiv... iMiul iu« ou (v'witit. 'i bumU o( 11 by Uail, •■SiToiuilmi Hall, Niirwirli, May 3th, 18«1. llnu Mvsd uu liuUuulu mm UltittJi^, lly liuraca do wuU witli it, Pnt Youm truly, JOUN NOBOATE. " T'pi'or Wiut lioilir Rlref «, IiUiiiiton, 5.'.lh May, IMI. Hlr, — I am r1x>Md with the romilts of your Nio IVuillnn lIuiJ «(y 4,, bonvs Ijuvii ilmiu well upoa th* ut tou, lUid 1 euiuldtit It tu auyorloi to u.tta luid bviuia. tjuud luu lu ' . l«m l.< mom, wuivhliiii nctt 1 tuu 1 ««t, 1 Am, yoim tnilr, CM rlAJtLKS LANOFOIU).' "3, Tlioniliillhrlliii' riao', rV ■, Rn»d, Hlr, Tho New FimiiUus Mciil iiiTontt'd by Mr. ThoiU-y i* u gooil mil»ititutv foi m, IJiaiu. A#. and ii.voi grvut .^tiiifautiou. Huud uiu uuutbor lot h^uixu ua Lwt, I am, Mir, youn re*v«ot(ully. May 2btb, IdOl, W. SMITH. ON Receipt of Bank Onlor for xUi Kis. Foiirtuon BaiTela of tliia Compound, WelHbiUiC iiett Twfiity.Omi IliiuilrcdHiluhl, will Im iluUTurml Ireu to any KuDtviiy Hlatliiu In Lonilon. Mmgle Barrt'U ^ValnhinR in'tt 1 Cwt. 'J Mm. luuy ik li.i.l for 3o«. I'ach, ut 77. Ni wnatc Mini I, I'ily, ur or any of iny ..ccrmlitej Affiitii In tlio t'ountry. Tlilti rucul m c<.IllJ■o.^ell of l.ociint lli'iiii.^, Iiiillun <.'orn, t.indfed, Ac , wi-n M.>aiouu(l with THoui.lcv'h rjMKNT, iiii'I Oiic Toll Irt ti(ii)il ill vului' to C-4 wortli of liny oviier Ki edin« Material 111 thu Marhot. JO!4i:i'H TIIOULM. Ihv liivi'Ulur, !«li'iuii .IIIIIn, «'ul«-inily tluMiisulvoM, ran bo ruoomiuuiiilud tor occuruuy Hid durubility. A wiimuity Im givoii. PllICES OF SILVEll WA'iCHES. Patent tovor Wntch, with llio iiiii)nivi'nimitH, I'.i. tlio dutai^Iiutl escftpomoni, juwellud, hard ciwuuol dial, HucondH, mid muiiitaining powor to continue going whilst buing w'oiuid... £4. 14 Ditto, jow(^ud in foiu' holoH, and Mippt'd • Ditto, tlio tinist (Hiality, with tlio iniprovod rcgrdator, jow' 'lod in six holc'N, UHUally in gold I'a.-iUH 8 8 Either of thu Silver WatihoH in Eliniting Ousuh, 10s. Od. extra. OoUn WATCHES.— Size fok Lauies, Patent Lover AVatoh, with orniuneiited gold dial, thu uioro- niiiit witli the fiitest imj>ioveuKiits, i,t. thu detaohod csia|ienient, maintaining power, and jewelled Xll II 9 Ditto, with richly engraved caw 13 12 Ditto, with very strongian.so, and jewelled in foiU' holes 11 14 OdLD WAfcnE.^.— Sizes fob Oknti.emex. Patent Lover Watch, with thu latest improvoiucnt«, i.e. the di.'tachud osuipenient, jewelled in four holes, hard enamel dial, seconds, and maintaining power £10 10 Ditto, in stronger ease, inipiovud regulator, and capped 13 13 Ditto, jewelled in six holes, and gold balance 17 17 Either of the Gold Watches, in TTunting Casen, £3 3s. extra. A Watch select fi'om the list will bo safely packed, and sei.t free to any part of Great Britain or Ireland, upon receipt of a remittanco of tho aiiiount. CLOCKS. — A largo variety of fonrtccn-day Ciockfl, to striko tho hours and half hours, in wo- ' marblo, or or-molu. Some of the cases avo plain, yet elegant ; i i are highly ornamcntod. The Pamphlet of Prices, with drawings, 'by post, or on ayiplicatlon, free of charge. A. B. SAVORY & SONS, Watchmakers, Opposite the Bank of England, 11 and 12, Cornlnll, London, [I ;i Lo. 3 PL ATE. -A. B. SAVORY & SONS, MANUFACTVRINQ GOLDSMITHS, 11 and 13, Oomhill, I^ndon, opposite tho Bank of England. Tho host Fiddlo Patfoni Silver Spoon* and Fork*, at 7i. 4d. per oa. Ditto Qiu'>n'» Pattern ditto 7i. Od. do. Tlio follfiwing arc thw weight* adapted for general a«e. nODl.E PATTKRN. 12 Tnble Spoom .3"«t 7 12 Ue«Mrt (lUtu..20 7 13Tabl«Forkj..,80 12 IVMertilitto...2n 2 Gravy SpoonilO 1 Soap Utile ...10 4 Sanco ditto ...10 4 Salt ditto (sfronin- (;llt) » Fish Slice, plorceil a 10 UTeaSpooni ...lOst" 10... t 18 1 Pair Sugar Tongi o IS d. 4 4, 4 4.. 4.. 4.. in.. Bat of Fiddlo Pal tern . . . A' .Ml I 8 QIIKEN'S PATTERN. U 9 .18 . 9 01. 1. l3Tiil>lii8pofltM.40at7 12 D'lwort ditto ..as 7 ISTsblf Fc.rki...40 12 Knnn't ditto... 38 a OrtTy Hpnona 12 1 Soup Udle ...It 4 8aiiMdltto ...12 4 Halt ditto (ttronggllt) 1 Flih Slice, p)«rc«d ,... 8 8 12 Twt Spoons ...14at8 0... 5 12 1 Pair Sugar Tongs I i d. 8 6 6 6.. 6.. 6.. 0.. 4. 8 9 6 « Sit ^rQiiMn's Pattcm...4T4 7 8 SUvei Spoorw and Forks, of many other Patieme, rooently fmished, plain or hijfhiy omamftntod, kept ready for Inmiediato aeleciion. SUvor Table and PrownUWon Plate. Including Tea and Coffee Serricee, Waiter*, Priws Cups, Epergne^ an4 Slower Stand*, with Emhle. matic Fignrea, Ac., drawings o? which will be forw»rd«d to Com- mittcos and others requiring Teetimonial Plate, Best Silver PUted Manufacturo,, with aU the reo«it ImproTenumto. combining gre«t U •rahility with tlie a)>p«uanm of Solid Silvar, d, iKJUt one-flfth of tlie Cfwt Snvhr for Krporiailon U entitled to a return of the duty ol 1*. Od. pet ounce ; the shipping charge* are tricing. A pamphlet, lllustrateil with 260 engraying*, Intended m an Introdtio. tion to the Stock of Silver Plate, Plated Ware, Watohe*, and lowellory, In tho extonaive show room* and premiae* recently erected, may be had gmtla, and po*tago free, A. B. SAVOEY it SONS, Oppodte the Bank of Kngknd, 11 and 12, Cornhill, Loodco. n-1-Lo.i. HANDSOIK EALand SOX'S .Sll ■tilfcilliln I'tttli for nmiu' iiB i'lttkhiiUy JiUxUitiod ; iilmn Irn »itii]iifrirtHri«1,Uii Mtthoffitiiy, lln «aU Ir'uiulturti cowi^UU m wull IT ILLUST CONTAINS DE ARTICLES C AS OF 1 EVER DEDSTI FUR 10 MATTRESSES, HEJUjandSONhavo: wlch'provmitH tho niattTl Patent SfcMruMCH ar« mailu nt tl a trifle bkbw ttiau othar (uotl M SONS, England. 4(]. p«r 02. oa. do. a*e. TTRRN. . d. M ' 6...11 «.. 9 ' e...is ' 8... 9 1. d ill) ., I 0. 4 10 4 3 4 1« 2 2 8 & 5 13 1 S m.„tH 7 My riniflhed, selection, floe Services, ^ded to Oora- iproTanunt*. Ud Silver, di^ f la. Od. pat ui Introdno- ITatohef, and i«M reoently t Sngknd, ri'.-Lo.i. HANDSOME BRASS AND IRON BEDSTEADS. nEAL nnd SOX'.S KHOVV ROOMS iMintjiiii ii lai^ciumoWmciit of Bthhh WviUvntU, nilhtlilo liitli for niiii' Iriii. IIkMi win Willi llrnfi MmilmIihu < I'li'l tln^tntly .1 1111*1 1 iiod: |>li>in Irun lliilati'iuli for HirvuiitH, iiirv ilrarrii.lK ( WniKlin Ikul'liifl lliot tn luiti iirr>rturnl,Uii Ni>lii>Miiy. Iliiih, Wuliiiit Tim UixkIi., I'lilinl I'll III III in»| ,lu|iuiiii»l : ikll Olltil »iih Urililluii ami kuiiitturit coiayUI* M wull u tviry iltMniiimn n( lliil llimiu Kiiiiutun. ILLUSTRATED GATALOGi^i CONTAINS DESIGNS AND P^IOCS OF 130 DIFFEriF-NT ARTICLES OF BEO-nO IVI FURNITURE, AS WELL AS OF 100 BEDSTEADS, AND PRICES OF EVERY Dr.SCniPTION OF BEDDING. SENT FREE BY POST HEAL AND SON, BEDSTEAD, Br.DDlNQ, AND BED-ROOM FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS, 198. TOTT: NHAJV COUUT RD., LONDON. • MATTRESSES, WARRANTED NOT TO WEA R HOLLOW IN THE MIDDLE. HEJ^j find SON have Patented an iinprovomont in tlio manufaoburoof Mattresscx, wich iiroTonln the niatiTJiil fultlni! Into ii nm«» im it iIiK'H In nil Miittriwi'B made lu thu cinllnary w«». Tlic VaXtnt AltrcMiw an- mwlt) of thr Jetj liett Uorw hikir uiUjr, lue nthw thlckw tbku luuiU, luiil Ibc l|ricni arp Vmt ■ Mac lilibor Uiku othtr fixxl MkttrMac*. ll-9-Lo.l. PRiCHARDS DANDELION, CAMOMILE, A-lsTID GiN3ER PILLS, For Indigestion and all Bilious Disorders never fail PRICHARDS AEOMATIG STEEL PILLS, For Restoring Weak & Relaxed Constitutions Surpass all other Medicines ever offered to the Public. PRICHARDS THORAGIG LQZEMGES, For Sore Throat, &c. PRICHARD'S MYRRH AND RHATANY, For tho Teeth and Oums. ADDRESS :- No. 65, CH^IRINO CROSS, LONDON. May be had of all Medicine Vendors in the United Kingdom, and the Colonies. N.B— Be sure to ask for "PRICnARD'S." (lOlo.lO n OAB rAKiN TO m rUUdl i'UK M«iTMOrUUTAJI MAIiiWAir ItrATIWM*. fll --'-'-•■■■ .1 . ■ » I { Ali'o < AiU' ' 1I< All I t''<1t\ll llirlrl, .,, I • " Aii-U'> •lioi'i, I'. mill, M >t xt I B^k.rfkn,(l... 1 ulhkllM , lUrikriiitrr c t. ■rwit'MiU' . lUitiirMrl >l ■flwilk-r, rrlirnl illifll IlliMM unn.ttvr, HU'k l.n'U inltirtl witiiiri*. ^f W ■l(R»ti' »iii*rr. N W M'il«|r»|iuir«iry •'j'l »rf, V. W, . . . ■d'rirMl, r'l.v.ulilly .,.,. .. 10 III I i'' |M|i' iiiili'" rit»l I II f ij I II Brlt-klnrirV Ariii^v iliil KvHl nl 3 ii :i ii I II WtUh M'i--iiiii I .. 1 u 1 ,, lrMA.1 Ntrri t, Ml. ilil.-4'4 tnniiiit'iii a.|iii»iii, V W luuwiuli k.iuikri-. N Vf II II ./Miat.<>ui'ii.|ii,>r.<. V.W ll'iult I II uoL.iitfhiini tfiit. -*' il.uuiiitrt I il .Afiiiir III |il iiHi, I*, ink iiUi^-k. ... 'J i> 'ftllii .rwi'll llr 'J •; irlit,i.»i.lll I I'lrk.N.W 1 n „il>'n biwu.M.iiiirlti.K.'itti 'iiwiiM Urt'iu 3i«il F.ichiuiiiv ,. J" >)in.i.ii.'l.il l>.>.'liiwnliM itrt-i't * ~ 'ury-liiiii* 'I liiiiitrti MtlUillHlliitlat'. I.I-II liiil II uUmCiiiiiitlt.H Hull l,(.rii III l»i»it» aiiu.irt*. l*liiitH.ii. .'V.W |iiltr"w«r«. nxMl. il«r..i.l >.tr,- il<.|>liaiil .t iViatlK. .Niiviiikti Elutm lull. Hliiui.1 fvrc Anna. St .Tulin • Wmal rn»l'll»T»lil»fi'. ^- ^^l- •■i> „ a Ht«roy»|imr.., '..•iv r 1, s.W il HHt .nrwWiiiwa'lii' li-liillw ' " fiuot-atri'i't. l.'i'U.T la 0«numJ Poll' oiliuii ••■ Oloiic>JtMi*|imri'. N. W Ool(l<;n-«i|iinrH. lli.|(i'nt atni't. . Ooiiri II ntrin't.. I '.iini.i..i.-«lre.jt. Ontir » IiiM Oi'ti'i llollxini .... OfOfTouor *ii.iiri'. .V. W OnwTi.iiiir atri'i'M'L'I'iT.I'irli it OtNirlhrriilriniiiii. K'liK il'r Ot.Wr»tiniTijnuiiii». IMiliiKlii BulMhull Huekimy. WhIIk atri'.'t, Miir.i-at • •I IIMiMtrr, N W I « ■illtwi. Illrikl I Kli».« Mil . t . I ' i^ifil 4l.riMil . ' 'iWtlHIt 141. ilnnlita ..lillir [llMII ilUflM. ... }'l •■! a. I to I » tt« ill 10 I I I I • olio M to It l» 1 II I "» . I I if in!! h '} II 9 A ') I " In II 1) I I 1 n n i 1 1 2 li 3 (I 6 6 2 6 1 li 1 2 1 A 1 1 II ■.' u 2 1 6 1 n 2 a !o 0. 1 '20 16 2 I 6 1 li 1 2 U C HAiiovur-Hiiiiiiri', N H»yni»rkrt rii.;ii.r H'lflioni Mill. Hiiitnii .iinloii Hiw*. iiiii-«triH!t . LelonUir-wiuiiro. N. \V LUiooln'a Inn, Hi'rie al.ri-t . . . lomKunI atfot Blroliln lauo... - - LB .kH.K TiTiniim^l.iiiln l»l« 2 T«n Ion PrllKo, AiltCulilo-liUoi. i Lon'lon Dooka ' U Ii.»N.W. rurmlimii. Kiialiiii »i .• l^mjMre. Ht M.irtinV. lauo ..JO Loril « rri.kft 1 iniuinl , ' 6 I^romira Tlii.atn- .....' } Lwlmto-hill, PiurriuK.lou-i^....| J " lI»iS»-hill ....^.. ..}« |l«noh«it»r-!!i|unm N. W, . . . } " llMililon-hiiuw', f'lty , 1 '1 ll»rk-l»ne. F-iiriinn-h-atriyit. .1 2 UHtiUetej Hi.Hliitiil. (llmrli-a-at 1 II lfU»«nilniiMl. .I.'w* CVmi-Uiry I mmt, Towiir-hill ,,ifX i. yV BQagiie-a-iuaro, N. W 10 110 2 6,1b Moorgnto-atrift. Irflinlon-wiill. 1 « , 2 6 6 ; . . IfewlnKt2 1 6 2 IB 2 6 t '}lf friMii Uiii I'liti'ia ni.trknl tlnia ■ lu Ihi. Hnith .V ■• . I Wi.aiiiiiiii..iir llri.lnii iiii'l Viirk atri'i't 11 lU. low linn atittol, Iml/r ..,1 ||iii milw.iy tliu Mn will Im im nUifu. f*""* [".', '••"kniiy iairrliii|ii< uro iWMirilliii to illalitinw nr lliiin, m llie niiti.iniir liinhlriit, ..ipri'«i«..l III tliu I'oniiiii.'i. iit'of lli" hlriiia. i( liololii-n l,«.,.,iir,-„a|. »lu. rinli.la. im.il .k- m Inm l„ .ImUih.' Woilrlfir liouiniLlUlilo hi Inru Ma I'.u'riiiiii' (or « fur" iirnipliiiir to nino, la.iiiy tliu.. iifbif ulnbl uiiluuk lu bu uiuuiiig, wl Uifum iK oiliK'k III liii' iii.iniii ij, A«ri 1.111, III. * rl»ir to p»t mir . lliun 1. uil tun uiil liluillui, »»;' 'niii ni.l l...,.iii.l f»rH 111,,, la. r ». nal l..ick. ImfiTii.il 1 1 lIi.ii .•iiiiiri. 111*11 thuiiini iifr I mi fur ilrlflui » ill*. Uiiou, ultli.iii.n - 1. 1, ||„t,iMo.i lwmni«l,.l ly ili..ilri»ur. Upropil.tiir. ir.,iiv,.ra(ir.i.ili.f.ir.li»ii.l to tnk.. fur any Jiih miy aum ■'*i tliitii till. |iri.|'. r f iro, iMuallii fui uuutiu^ ur ikiusuOuig luuiu tliiui Uiii 111111 imrii^l ..II I 4. I)rllur liiiiy ilm 1 « rkAWiiiitlilu aiiin u la i1i'|ioalt. from Imraom ilrlnu mill r ilrlii., hllii lu vmit, ,mr 'iml illaiv.. llin f«rii to wlilt'li ilrlmni i.iititli»l tor ilrivniK lliitlmr. rmially «ii.. if ilrivir ri'fiiu to will, oriiouwiiy l«.fi,;u (nimiitli.iiof limi., (nr wlii.ih il<.|i..ait ilmll la. ■iiilli'linit ouuiiHiiuuii'iUi ur II dritui null ruduu lo itcuiiuil (nt inula lU'tiialll. Illri.r it.fiiali for Jrwa i.r.t rifti«niiiiiiNn • • • • I ' li i II it HKTIiMIMII.IM, wNwiiMN ji.ti ri:H i.v rut: lllD l.rii, .i,*! ..niiill.iH ri'iLa I rtli itii.l aoiilh, Ihrinwli III,. iLiiitriil piiita of l„in.|.iii. In nn.l fr..nl Hio aruniu """"'"' ""'■"' "I" '"idniilni .>ii.| till' ti.riiiliiitli.il tin' Trioiw """,.",'"'" "'"> ','"' •l"*i.lli'in<. Ill ,ir.|..r to lumniiiii.. l.it,. t Ills .11., ""'""''''""",''''"''. "'!"■'> ""'•PUfill.'l .llriait cii.! Mallmil *ll tliu |iu,mi(,.n whli'li i|iir„n.iil atri.,iii m.iy aiiiinK. Th.i 1 of thniii ciiniiiiin.,, riiiiniini iil Mini, .nhwlc m ilin moriilii ""'""" ii'n twiilm. Ill ii^fit, •iimw.llriKi.mtli „(i,Hr iliirinii •liiiiy iMnao(tli...|,iy,ir»ryliy.iiiiliiiiii,«. Mmlof ili,.,n linyu twiTolJ tlir.'..|H.|iou f.ir niirt of tini ■■ - - II will In. Will, 2 U OB I 2 6 1 0< 2 6 ror^Jojajjlanii... iiiiiy, .iniiiltl,«l to|irlaoii. . _.. _ _^ laiitlatliictly iuiirki-4*l« aiiuH diirrragM, :ia TTT^ ^oiiimliwIori.WiT'l'olii ■li.ill iliiiiot, uii'l III. I Jnvt'r aliiiil. If riKinirtMl liy Itin hirer, OArry l.y atiuh ciirri.iiiii lliu niinil.'.r i.f in'monii ih irkial thrniuii, or liiiy Ii'ni iiiiiiilH-r. Whiiii oiimiiiii. itri.vii l.y two lioncA uui^lhixil abuTuUM fiuui biir9> liwIUir luuulluiiwl la til bu piild rarM by UliilaBcc for Two IVraon*. Hliponoi' fur any d tiincn irltliln. iiii.l 11. il i.\.'.'i'.lli tf, oiii' tnllt,. ' For iiiiv itHtunoc uicetaling .jiiu inili., iil tin. riitouf ilJiiHniiiufur uvwry 1 mill., ilild liir unv pu't uf li mil., not iri.iui.lt'tiHl. ! Ilii). hliilliiiK for I v.-rv iiiili;, or i„ut of 11 niiti. ht.yomt four iiiII.'H Iriiiliiijil (ruui CluirliJi CruM, if ourrliago tUatibarifMl bwyuud aiiub fcui mtli'rt. < No lU-iTur ahall duuiaiid ur reoi'lvu any anni liy wiiy of Hunk Pare, for ibii ri.l.ilrn nf tli« uiirriatfd fmni tliu pliim, ut which iliacliarut.l. W'liiiii tliotlrlrur, 111 Ihi tialil liceiinlliig lu dlHt,iii|.u, aliall lai ru,|iilroil by lliu lilrur lo lto|. for nftL.i.u uiiiint,*, or for any Ioiiuit lliiii', tlio lU'vi'r may duinanil .iiid rocilvn a fiii-tlirr ainn lalaivu Ih.. fam to wliUli 111' hJi.iII lar L'litltli'il, oulciilutoil ac'orilliig to .liatani..|.), uf iflKpiinuu fc uTuiy lUtouu luuiuUai oumplutud, Uial hi* aball bare bwu ituiiyud, ram br TUue for Two I'enoiu For any lime wltliin, and not t>xo,.|.illnu, oni< h.inr. two nhilllnKn. HIsiii-iii'u for uvi ry llftt'cii uiluulua, ur auy luul of Ufluuu miuutul uul Oouti.l*.-t,..l, alaiv,' '.no lioiir. (ill,. Sliittiiitf fur I'vi.ry lalloorpartof a mll.i beyond foiirinlli«lradliii| fruiii I'l. irliij (.V...,, if carrlaKi' dlacharutil iN.yi.nd gticti four nillca. No drlvor iliall .U'liiatid or riHieivu any ainii l.y way i.f Hack Karu, fur thi. rcttirn of tlu' cariiiKi.* from tin. i.lai'i' ut which iliacharijial. Whmi a backii' y cainutfc in liirinl by Inn... the .IrtviTiiiuy Iw rcintrtid to ilrivi. at any r.iUi not uxci'ihUiik four inil.ia In onu > 'ur : aii'l If rn- (tuiri..l to drivu iii.iru than four niiU-a In oiui hour, n '1 lin iliiill Im iiiiLillml to deinmi.l, in ailditioii to till' furii ri'KiilatisI li> nii.. th,' fiirti iiv iliatauou fur uvi.rv uiUu ur pari Iburuuf uut uuuipli'Uid uiiywudiuK luui milui. Fare br Dliliiuce or Time for more Itaan Two remonii. Whrn more tliun twopfirwinsarocurriodbyanyhackn'TiCiUTlaifp, the aniii of Bil. In t,i la) jiiiiil for ciicli piT-.m ulaiTu Ilm nnmlKir of Iwn, for tb» whulu hliiiin, lu addiliou lu Ibe tiuci by duluuov ur tUiiu (ur two ^eraonn. Tw« uhlldreu ULdur tou yeora ut a«o lo be oauutod ai ods aduU, Laggnge. A reaional'le qoantltT of luKgaii* la to h« oprrled In or nnon the carriagti wiUiuut auy aadltlooa oharge, ezoupl aa prorided La auxt panimiph. Wlieu mom than two peraoni arecanii.d liiRidu any hacknuy carriage, with more IUK?:igu than ean Iw caniial iuMde the carriagiiL a auu o£ 3d. (or eyury package carrlud outilde the oarrlage il lo be paid. .IMiiou f.ir niirl „f tinl dlatiinon «u.| foiini.n.ii tor Ihi laniicl. It Will Ih. w.'ll, h.iw,.«i'r, for tho inlun.llug |ii.a 111 ,i«..« 111 lii.|iiiri< ill., fiiri. to lh» |.,irtli.|il,ir ai..,l li.i la U'l '•" "i« '■ lo'-'or will Ukii lh.i (uU (an l( tliure In any don Uiii pw.iit. ' riu ,_•";"""'""' *Nn "fouTiiuHsi uiiiitbl Tin An la i><|,ilni'.,iM atari from rmnlH rin'Il fli.te, "i. aliini Ihu Walworth lloa.1 lAmnlLt-Ktri'it, th.i H.im.y X.i (lui.liinal, ilti't tloii.iih. l.y. nr iirur, Kl.'liliiiiit iiiil r.uitlt., I,.iii roml, ll'hlliintbrii|iin l.iatilnlion. Kuhool for thu lllindl, \Vi«tniiil riiiiil lilriiliin Aayhinil, Weatniinati.r-l.rl.lK'i 1.1 i.l lAatl.y'a Aifhl- thi.iitm), Wi.atliiiii.iti.r.|irlilu'» lllim rli'W of Ilm Ni-w lliinaimof nil nil, Ill-Ill '.latii'i'l lii.'ir WmiiiiiiMt' r Alili"y. Wi-i|.iii,,»tor uri.l N„w lliiilima of T'lrliunuinH. Whiti.hill 1 1'vwu'iry, Wliil( riiiil'il, Iliiiau llnanla, ,111. 1 Adinhiillyl, tlliiring I'riMi |Htati| nil iili-a I.. Ni'lmna M.niiiin.'iit, National I lulli'ry, rmntiliii, I' iiiimr iti'iiul ll'aiui.alriuii Htiitni, of diairgi. IIII, Pull Mull. Miili^t/a rlmatrii and Hayinarkiit 'I'hiialrtil, Wat• !■ .1.1 , Lmlgii. Ill I 1 , .,,,„ II." ' . I 'I 1 I ,.., , llMinl . , ' ,,„ •if- ' I, Ifaiwll' . ,, iiN.i m I,. N-U... 'I I «•.•. ' II I In , , ' Nl M. IV ,. II' UU Itiailtl- ;i Kililii*. til. All' lake Uiwirn-an , ny.m i .mr, .,. ,,. ■ " Oriorrt-i*.. Tottenham-couri-ra 1 Pall Mall, niKir(ii.^»tn..'t 16 Park-lane, Mmint-atre.-t 16 Park-road, HI. Johns Wo«l • -i J f Park-wi., RediintH park, N.W. B Peokhara, Vwtry Hail ;?2|YX in Plooadllly, Apaley Houm • • • • • ! } g } g i J " Plooaflllly, Half Mooii-atroet . . 1 8 1 6 1 2 Piccadilly Havmuikit ••■•■: 1 J i 55' * Polytechnlo. 909. RiiKiint-atreeti 1 M Portlau'i-place, DuohueMlieet 1 1 1 Portland-road ;--::95l J 2 Pvtland-Bt., Ok Pnrtland-road 6 10 Portman-wiuare, N.W < 5 5 } 2 1 a « PrtaOMii Theatre, (liford-«t.., 10 16 116 10 IS 1 6120 16 26 1 6 1 26 1 6 16 1 6 10 1 1 1 1 6 1 t U 26 30 26 30 30 30 30 30 38 20 30 1 B 13 CHELTENHAM CAB FARES. Form Boru Flyi/rom tiu Ortat Wutem JtaUwaw SUUbm— i. a. For carryiiiir nni. piiraon any diatunoe not ezocediug one mile, ... 1 For carryiiin two pi'mona the aainu diilaiice 1 fl And tor eTi.ry aduitional pt-mon 6 For oarryhig onu punion amileaudnotexcuediiigamlleaadaluUx 1 6 For carrying two pemona the larae diatauce I Andforivcry ailditionalpcnoi • 9 For currying one piraon morel tuui a mile and a ball and not exoemling two miles S b And (or every tddltiuual peraon I In all coaea tor currying one or more persoiui, tbeao (area to tndade 7S lbs. of Luggage. lu caae more Luggage la carrlei', one ahllUng per owl. extra ahall be paid. lt«*«»eD 1 ».Bi, and S ».ai., tbe atWTe Caret ate Uicreaaed tme-luiK. ri' . lltl. Park III Til. ■.,'.! j>iikx ..f vv.iliii^i'. ICllllllfal.il, Oi. fl,,,, Nr. . 11 11.11 rr lanui. I. r»l r ' ti MrtMl Ml :, |. ■ , , 1 tllMofl I! I, II alr»."i ill,'., I;. ', M I'll " II |-',„ll, IlUllllltlOlll. Illf.,1'1 ,li rt»m\ alr.wt. |,i|l,„i|,. , Ua^KMAL U •fHOI.» TllHWM Th. •nnipi.iv < a.'r¥uiili I' ih.tr 4ia| till, f'lr,. fr.i'ii ti •tarla. 'rii..y .ir.i .mly i- nlamk ulaiiy liilnrnioli Ruriiiiia UN l>»v Tin daliiitiiif ilriiaii 1 m. i.| •1./ atiliiiii iin till, l.iiiilliii lt»» 'iiia.ii, iniial .if |h„ II. of r.i I'l llfin ririna frotii nwy ira not Innaforil •loiipl aiii'ii 41 ire Irani iwiihli until till. Mi,iidty> liii. Ihii tl.ikiii iniul Im ri not h,. illownl HmaiM ri,'«imi -Th, Ihiii iw iiin.nithi, »» apr, OlllliiiiitN Infanta I. •ira nfageahartnl half FiM UKII llit«Ti'rrin< any of the ooiniiunv a a,'r •fury ullentlini In Ilm iumi kiii.l il' tlm aulliiiia in wl may bar,* lo mport. t.iiiimir Piu«eii||fih Ugilily wrlli...ii upon their Iruin, aa O'lnipiinUiiarn 11 hookml 111 I i.ilil f,ir .icii'ir Ingly. Iilghl liigg lun 111 i) riirrliiira anil llnr nef.iri' tlm linii. .if atirtii only k,<|it il Ilm priiii'lpu if nil h la'lliK r,> inly k, lOtllM I IF.- .|..f tfoiiHr ,11,. ».. I. .- I ',. rldliiii III tl,..ii ..«n oarrl.i I liiHiltuittlnii nf itM ViilUD ■ I thu tlmflof tMNihlliH. Ill 1 H'liBlnn llrifw iNorthumlHThiinl Hou^s Ni Oullt ry, Mflwm'it Mnntiinmit, KouiiUiiiRl, t,'o"-kH|iiir Mtrt«t lI'Viuc SUt IX nf (Inoiui) III ), l*all MiUl lllor Mal*->>v4 Omnimi 1SI&4 Ht»rt friim Koniiliti (Ut*' tho ounw of KrutiitiKtiin-riftttl, Ntiw-ntn ct, I'l'iit^m i)liU)a l'i|rrfr ZiM)1ntficjkHianlHnfl|, Hi((t> fltrf<>t lAIiim hmiHuR, K.lt''|)hiint nml CtltU), Ii4Mi>i)-roiii Cltinto nfikv, Ht. DimHlau'ii'hiirch, thM Ternplo, Temvlf Barl. itutt, Kinfr'i CnMS ((Irnut N'or'.)ii-m Tt'nniiaui), Ntm--rniul, Eiutou-iMiuaru (I 'udun and Nurth*Wcftera llailway Tennitmit) Ihlinoton anii liAUNMnruY Omkii T«Ui«)r!itftrtln|potntal KuniilnKt4tii-Katt% tliuiico taking Ku> ti romX (New HtrloKifiaI Uarilt'iiHi, HiKti-iitrt'ct lAliii«h'iti(«^), Kleiiliaiit anil ifiuitlo), LuuituH-nuul irhllanthropto IntttltnlHin, lUlii't B<;hiK)t, OU'lirtk). Ornat Hurroy-fitroet (Uoyal HiirtHy "^'hpatrn Itowlaml Hilt'n Chapel), Itlackfrlar'A-hridKH (Unu Tiuw of U>nili>n), Krldne ntm't (Hrirli'wein. Lu.lKate-hill, Lu'luato-Btreet. Ht. Paulfi (Jhurchrarl (Ht. Paul's Cathedral. Ht. Pmira HcIum)!), (,'h..-iipHido. Ht. Martin'rlu-drund (General Post OHico), AIders«;ito-Htr«Ma (the (leneral I'oHt Mcr.'yOnler Offlco, ChftrterhoiiBe UardenB), IJoswell Htrtwt-road, l«lWi«'-oii (the AnRcl), Whit«i I.icm Ktrert. Pentou-ctrewi, Whifcd OuuduU Uouw), Thumhill-rottd (Banubury Pork). The F.worFtiTK OMNiitfiKfl mn between Highbury Pace and Blackfriara Hridgo. viii HiK'ibiiry, iBliMaton, lio^well Htr^'t RoikI, MdiTflKHtt' Htreet. Ht. Martin's-leClrana (leneral P*** CiU™. and i,. ,;«Hto Hill. Bt'tweon Hutiint'liv Bahm kw Thi IU^wl ExciiANriK, ltd Islington, Lower lload, Now North Rnfwl, «id Mt^r- date .Street. Between HitiiluATt: and The Bank. xHi't Knn ^h Town, Cani'len Town, Tottenham Court Koiid. HnllKini. »ii Wpxtminstrk. ri,i Hollonay. HittU- biiry. Irtlinnton, Ht. .Irdm Htr.'tt Uoud, Cray's Inn Lam- HonM.ni, C^hanctry Lane. Temple Bur, Htraud, and I'arlianunt Htr»i Between ' llnUNHBV UoAD ANI> LuviMiN BitirmK, viil HuTen .SuitcrH to.wl. H(vJ I ]riiili >r'li4t of tlu'iii h.tvii twii el itirl ftiiir]ii'il< •* fur Ibi ir tint tultin'lhin pi iirtx'iilitr it|i<>t hn tM it' r« If Uiuru Imp aiiy dui IIUIIH ItollTIBt. I PllMllMTWi'It Hi. ta, ■■■■■n.i« i.triit. tlhi Hiirri'y /...MifWl Kli'lilmiit iiii'l I'.uitli', l.'ii>'.' .,1 for tli.> IIHii.ll, Wmltiiii «■ -lirl.lKii loi'l IA«tliyii All hi- viif Uli' N,w ll.lllKlllHf I' IV I I, r AM'.'v. Wi-iiiiilLi-tur ill, Vhili'lrill I I'lwivirj, Willi „>ll iliyl, Chinim tViwn (Hlutil of h.iiiil (l;ill<'ry. PMrutiiltit. k), '. ll.wgi' nil. Hull Mull. |«r iMilrv), Wiil«rl.i'> iiliiii' lUiiliif iiiit, (tii't'iii, rtln-et, I'M"'. C'i|n>- I1II0 Iiwiltiitiiiui, I irahiirlaiii'l, lniioTiu>^iii'> )"•"* »i»JN«2' ''»'■"■ "► »ijIj«iri.*LS.''''.''''. ',''■•■'• noli IIMnwl K>mIi'. ilnw* tflltV' ll'ir<'< r.llatLMMI Km, lt.ii.'M«l'lr..i«; lta«M litill, iiif.MiifMl. "phi lift. U.| r,i|„»l»llMi||lk I \t,., M.i iiiiiii. (II i..r urn I IImII ll.iH ln.'tr I .' I ult.'.l I n liuia (if f ' I ■!»•"> tlMiH frill.-"' II r liMllluti.iiii. ii>r .1 I rnal •li'.H.t. loth. < ■HHK IIW^M rwK TM4»r.l.l.KHll. MPfriri Tiririmi Thtm* m.nt \m jif.i.|iii*..| whi*n ilimtin.lnt I'r Hi" •nmrtiiyt «*.r«iiiit< ritrti.n l.wliitf Ih.'ir il.'U.ri Art. Iiii.i.i in Im (h.tr^i'l lli.i f.iri' fr.i'ii llm wMt ili«*iiiil (till. in from witl.'li llii< tin'n M^rU. Tlii.y am mily iivtiljilit on lln* «v Tiinirra Th»«i Tioliil* 'iM f.ir lh» «<>iMinin'>' dai.in of ilrHl an I ■rii.ni.t ..LuM p»««nn.ntn an.l ni.ivlmli.wl ilin.nt ko t^'■; tt.4li.in on tl..i tit.b(lliiii Hum of r.tnway : Im*' only at tlm urincipal ■r.if iii«.io in.M* f r.. I'l-tlim firiit.* fniin .in« tlilr.l t» on*t .tilth .10 till' I.ioIiIm J.i.ifi..*y thnv tra Ti.il Ir iiMftir thitt, itn.l only avail kM" o.| tlm iliy of Umiim, •lift'iit 4.1.1. a* irti ifrantittl nn tlitt Hililrtt.iy .tr Hitnt.by. wMoli rfeixi IWilhlit null I tip' \f. inlay itvitollltf r..thiw.iu. In iim..!. .ii«..t, (hi ri.tiirn- Inii. tliii (i.'ltxt iiiibit Im rti •tiniiioil Ijef.iru jtartlutf, or otiuirwiau wlU not III' lllilWtnl. HRt^t'iM rii-KK/ra ThittM llcktlii am laimil f<)r piirlo.U of not (•*"« kh til lir.i niiinthn, a* a prloit «ptv'l illy auri....! f.ir, UniMiiiKN InfaiitN In ariiin noi cli aru'^l ; fiiir« of agn oharvixl half f.urn. FKria anil (liiarrinrN TliuM «ra nok alhiwttil ta >m rwwlvail liy Any of tint ootniiaiiy H ncrvant^; laiti:'. 'v nr.' itrlutly «tii|.iln.<'1 to pay •vary altaiilliHi to tlin uonmnitni.xi of pit' m^.tii. A >»^\ U ifnirally kifpt .it khft atakloiiM in whluh i<> aular incli ooiiipl.tlota iw piMMii^«r4 Duy li*va to rajmrt. , Tj'.ntt.ir. PiiMMtntfin ih.niM hava th.tlr nun'aan'l ilaatlnallnni Itirihty ivrltt'-ii il[Mni tlittir hh{KiK>i, an I h.'.* It |.r'>|i<.rly .tl4|iiiat..| .if Intlta trtilo, AN (i.iin|i.iiili« arit irit riaiioiimhln fur tlm riiirty tloT.'.if, niilnrta hthik.*! Ill I t' il'l f'lr » r.lion t.i viili|.\ anil a r.'f.i.pt pr...'iin'.l iWoorU- liiuty I .Ulit limn i.{M III ly Iwt rtlownil iiii'liT tli.i piMMtngfr'M m it. 4'nrrliiKra nnd lliirara mmtlai at tin. ititl.nH Mftf.'ti mluntiia httfiin. tin* tiiii.' .if ntarliiii^ Carrlitua t>iiuki .kii.I ff.ir.tD Hot.** artt only kitlit tt 111.' nrni.'tin! rtt.ttl.iiH . aii'l to pr.-w.iit ■li«ipji.iiiitin«'ot. notkM'if lUi'h Im'Iiiu r>K|nlrt«l rIioiiM Im uIvi'ii tli.. .liur baf.iru. nulV ' wlil.'li art. al*i avalUI'l" t;.>I 0>ilMri'n iiii'Iar l*ilro .rj..,.,t vi.>iKr.li..«..'-n^i:^'„, ,111 i"r*.inir.-.i'oi.iirom» » f- "V(VT,i,; ii I.,; HiiK .ir ii"i»r.Bi»». -1*'2'!~" • ■"•" tfin «im'i''lT7T,V,;,-, _in*,.":» Ct„(r.r«i'.V.l'io Ihn ooinpan.. n"l.«« « Ha \ -^Zi^i,^ .1.1.. „l _-■'.. 1. ..,, i: Uat.-. K.. . laai. t. U ' a . i tii. r.aioittin^ lti.«iiia Iraviilll.nr I'M P'irtiil anbna.h "r Irintll. Ilia > . "al tliriin finil inltMiiiiii, all 'i'.li..r arti.ilaaot lilMMa I' I lolnilair. %i aiwlh, N'' .|. limit ahall Im antlii •! lo Ilia ftr.'of iii.ia. I>ri«ar<. If il.it tiiiiitl al Ilia nahlan. . if Ilia hirttr for morn than H'a niinihiit lii.f.irtiatartlntf. ahall ha p.ll.l f iraibih .l.itt.nri it Iha riitn of till- .'iHftnia fur iry ipiartar hour (!n<.iiaan.'tt.l ; atiil In all MMa tha r.<.jiU*r fara ahall ooniin.'ii.ta al Iha Iim of •lurtlnii. riniM wiii>i.i.r wniiiirui llniioiiiin f)// < ' n una 'II' 'IK riiii' 'hi nrtiitr M iiMarladt, t«/i>rtA«Hd i»li4lStr l\,' MriHj It by (imr .ir .ilVrialrr. v,i, I -n.i V" nn'ii. I. ii. From any plaxit within tha .Mnnl.'li. I II .mil try. itlroot In any ot'i.T plan., wlililii tha anin.i. fur .lul luoru tliaii two aitnll P'T'illll J 11^' vy Mi.t hoiira of 10 p. m an.l 'i i m 1 Tw i.'hil Imi. ii.'tur.mo Iha au.'a of tlir..a*nil l«alva,e' ■••.. Kui' «v.-/-hour. •^^^ Ifo. % -By Tim: -Vile llrit l"'i inlniitmi or under, tor uol mar* Uun two ailiUt yintmn, a f.iri- of. <1i>eraille. A proper place la amlgnod to thorn, it loBldo the carriages '•reeUu -The toUuwOI an the BooUag Offloei In London tot ORIAT WB»r«iu(.-T» PaddUi*foo Htollon; Bull and Month, Ht. MartlB'a-lo-aroB'l ; 351. 0'fonl Street, uear the Pantheon : 37. King SuUt^CbeiWi>a4; U'tibatriNt Hill, 3|ipo)it« the Manameuti KC ■tM f '.aiy ■kaal I ■ KHiRt toil It rtnra. I aiid Uaaii aAf .lialaatia iial I _tM«*.liiib I f nr,.lc4.l ahalf I i B o aa l iJ* aula awlalialfi.il III.!.. . . • . . .il.* ,.,, I i ■aeawiltilf laNMM.lia and (I'll I t. . .1 ti.iif i i ■•eaalla^Uirai. .o.l.a aii.| Hill 4 •» WH WHiaJaiirtl'itfnt hlrailandla ■ .- ....g [itawjBlMa.i' . ' .h.lf .,.'.,'„■, I • l>||«aUllia ••' • i.t.lM ,,., I 1 |<.H»llllg II. . Ina I f I'lati. ti.ia hh K.ir . ' r If 'rj ■ ..".It 'tit M III oli.'.r tjarria I 1. .Nl.ili Ki' .. I I n j(lil, and laif.lM I 'Ifi llr.l lay of kpnl an.l III if taiiilna .I'i't.hk al nIghiL I III .r.iliM. iHilai I'lii th.i i|. 'I i| iv III f .ittril. Ill I'liili I'll .iv.iry f If Iha iHitai I.III th.i II. .1 1 1. aUtll Im alliw.il iiii| pill .|iii|lil.i Ih.i fuMimi^ (lay Van.a. |.i M I' Miipiit".! riiia the aai I liiiai- uf liv>ilra o'.il i.jii. aol .tilinil.ii.^l is nii'iitiir kfiiiutii 1 . lint In all nii't wlier.i .|ii.' ilirrla4>* aliitl h* v.Miij.i I Ix.fiiru Iwi'lvii .I'l'l'iili at ir^'it I'l I >I'r thai bouffi tiii.'iiixlu fartt nli.ill Ihi eal.'iilii" 1 iii in Mi<> liinr of twi'lv IIILI. 4 AH rtHKN. OHfiiinaai and f'liw fr. II ti.i)..ai.i t il.it. i wilt the arrival of IM ftallway I'ralna, ('.i.hilo'i. aii.l Nii..|iii I'aaliala. aii'l will talie paMenMf ' t.i anvptrlof Hull. Any .|l .taiii'.. ii.it •'i.'uthlin^ a mile •i'i Kihch mile or port of n mile rAKRH nv T1MK. The whr>1o(tA7(nnti4Xct*ux«'lu<1(vi frtm thn ynnl. DisputiM aa to VikTi-n fiml DlftUiiicw will \h> m'ttK«.l by the fltutinii Miwtcr, Half fiin« are charK»"ihh) ref.uniing, Inchi-linK a stoppaRe of half an hoiir; any ply at ibo Town Hall, Kirifr Ht,, Maucheeter. Priver to tfivu the hirer a tiekdt. In aO cmm, on entering the Tehtcle, and to prtMluoe Bye-I^wa and TaUv { Viire^ 12 required, under a I Feualty ol JTortv fshUlincr t tliKir Idtfif i« _. . *trtnii>i not ••ii'iMtiiiru ii mhi** ..,..,, , ,, Any didUihiA mil motK-tiiitf half n mile allNf the tln4ailKM atliltlioiial (I n Kvitry «toii|iimH afltir lh*< llr*li fan to IaIih up or not aiur itown , , , d Kvii>tl>)iiaftf(rtMliii|uallwror MUt AW d l*i>hii hour. , ,, , | d Kvii Y Kitin'i wllrttf <|iiart>'r <l<«y (not n«iiitMlH tin* fartM Mtatml ahove U%i:ill'OOI. 4 4MMI A^ll V\n V%U¥M wox LiMi; »i»i.i;r iiAii.n.i% ntaiiom. Cr Oh it ,1 Ul 9 69 6 ' I ' il0«6 1 H 3 « .1 U.4 II 'l n'j (I TO AharerninMe winare « *.. . . Alifhnrth. Tliraa miaa Kiilwoial I'arkiala .... Auliiirtli. HI. IlliltuwI'l- r.iait, Aluliiirth mail ,... natha or ■•aii.lliiii iWan (liHirtfe a Pier U««.ii. l..|,V/ '..i.i.MMlM H.h.i.iU ... no..ili. lane Hallway HIa. Il.ii.ll,. t.ia.1, (Mil I'ofl liar. Hank Hall UouUe-road, Mnntey View 3 ii I H „ (^ulfee ll.iiiae 3 H II A riarenoe n.v;k, north tui.l 'i 'i -I ColKiiirii D.iok, aoutb ifda 'i 3 ( ■ tatle alnii'l i! "' ' (1'iiit.itn llonae 1 11 1 rt (lollevlate IniitltiltI'm .... 1 1 » l!.iltlo Miirki't. Ol.l Hiran 'i 11 3 rt CahluiKe Hall. Wi'itt lli-rliy 'J rt 3 rt K.1ki' hill l'a«ii'iiKer.-4tatl.in I » 3 Klin Hall. rr. iiaivii, Vmi\ 3 iin rt KalkniTifiiiar I « 8 rt riaiul.l.'r U'rrace, ll.ipn at |1 II 1 rt (Irt.at Mumty at . Klrk.lale 1 U 3 (Ireen hank.fw. Hailik.ini'1 3 U 4 rt UoiMvitrt'et, Upper I'urlia- ' iniiiit atreel \"i" KIrkdalellaol ? BSD l-iw hill (lolTi-o Home .... I I il Moaeleyhill (0. Lawrenoel 3 rt Ml NeCTopoUa I "1 11 (ililHwan Inu 3 ii I il IMillliannoiilallall.llopi'at 1 II I rt Prlaee'l Plea, aonth en.l . . 1 I rt TO >l« o Prlnaea Phtr. it'trlhand . I I'riii.'e'a I'ark. prin.-lpal iral". eiiil of rriiiouwi ' Parlt r.'ivl 1 0.4 4 Priii.xia IVirk. outh atut I •boiiii.l.iry I rt'S I Park lll.iniane) } {| } { f>'i do. Wi'"" Hamlon l).K'k "amlon l).K'k I rtij S^O.r.ilI.:'•.i.•■:•.';..•*:■.:.L■■ji^ Ml .Taunn' Olinruh il « 1 1811; Ht Niiiholaa' l.'hnroh. Ht Panlitdhnreh Ht. Mary'a ibiiruK <&■«» hill lilt HI .lainea' UaDNlarx, Uuka- afreet ,,.,. I I'l I It. M.irya VmmUrt. Kirk I dale ■ ** • Htanliy lloek rhellrHik. Weat Derby . ToHii Hall Tokaeco \Varehoiiaa ITpper Parllanniiilatreal. Hnilth.lown lane 1 OS Waterloo l>tH.'k 1111 Wellliiiitoii rowl, Park road 4 1 Waverireti-lirldtfe 'I U 3 WellluKt4in-Mtnrtit, Waver-i treeMa.1 tea I Wavi'rtree (/titlee Hoiliie, Wariirtrio 3 1)4 WaH.iii Clmroli " I D /.ouliigloal (lariuiu I Ii 1 d ■ :ili 111! Cau oh fan eonveyliiii not more than two pnaatiiireiit, a;ui liic* gaiti' lint more than HSIIia. In wii^lit, an.ig dlntaiiue not eio.'w'.uw boll .^iiil, iutij/il lo the ahavt SiuHnl K'rri J<.r tlu>r dUdiiKM lAr /olloiotafl Italrn hr mUoUril — OWTINCE, Car or C'ah Couch. , Dt.TANoa. Car or Cab Coach. 1. d. i d ■ d. a. d. Not eioeedlug 1 mite 10 I 6 ,' 3 andnot eiod. 31 mllua. i rt B{ landnolexca.lt ,. JJJ«i*J» " !. " ! 2 5 S It .. * " J » I 4 „ ** " J 5 11 J « 36 S« 4i „ • ., 10 »• 31 " I „ 3 4 > I The Tare for any diitance beyond Bva mllea to bo the labjeot oC Special agreement, , Coaoii to oarry all ram.miore and 3 owt. of IngBttiio; OAR. lout panwngem and i owt. of li «nage ; Two-wheelod Oah, two pamugvra and 1 cwt of luggage. An a/r!^* \ ^v.;'itT 1^ KaVMArfc*' ^^^r' '"•,74 tllx^al. *«>:•••' , *';::i;:;-. ^:^} <:«»; . \y 4^a .ii/^« #«4r<**l4* iii/^VKi^ *:sctlfr„ tCKSb/. ' 1 "-J^- '1f*""''^iH8fc Vsl „i •i^«*»j :> /.'//^ .«.tV'r '«i r^ivil i» y.x* m^ W?\ kr^xV i »S,. ,--'«*v^«i*-. ♦ ""■'\ ^'" *«. 'I •>. ste-s '."'■-■■ -I. ■ ~ <■«, ').*,.4,rf4 I *-'«^v'-:S;"-=^"'"'' ■\ •..^ *"«..., 'V . MAURY 1 -V *,-*'' RltC'iV V*' ....• ^" HuTul n„jiii.i '•'^"A'^ ■H- / »«. J? u «"'/fJ f •<• ^<. tf>«H ,■» 4> »4ii-.. V»i^ *if4Aj — ■ ^ ■ Vhiiiii fci-^M \in,...,j .•F'rT "*%•{ «au«ii')i. Mr ' \. ■\. %- *• y, ►SI /* ° "^ ■/■WW., ^-.^-jt ^j"/ J '•--l^i ^^1 V>\& U %■ "I"'*''" ']»T'S»it"" ^ "^-J***^ ^ . ^». '•'Hi imrtn, y-T, "v., V irk"' *' ■ 1^- /'^